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BUREAU OF FISHERIES
REPORT
OF THE
UNITED STATES
COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1918
WITH
APPENDIXES
HUGH M. SMITH
Commissioner
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1920
CONTENTS.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30,
1918. 94 pp. (Document No. 862. Issued December 11, 1918.)
THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1918. Appen-
dix I, 82 pp. (Document No. 863. Issued October 11, 1919.)
FIsH LAWS OF STATES BORDERING ON MIssiIssiPpPI AND OHIO Rivers: A DIGEST OF
STATUTES RELATING TO THE PROTECTION OF FISHES AND OTHER COLD-BLOODED
AQUATIC ANIMALS. By Emerson Stringham. Appendix II, 21 pp. (Docu-
ment No. 866. Issued July 8, 1919.)
HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE IN INLAND LAKES OF WISCONSIN. By A. S. Pearse.
Appendix ITI, 16 pp., 3 figs. (Document No. 867. Issued June 24, 1919.)
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE Bay. By E. P. Churchill, Jr. Appendix IV,
25 pp., 12 pls. (Document No. 868. Issued August 12, 1919.)
THE FLATWORM AS AN ENEMY OF FLORIDA OYSTERS. By Ernest Danglade. Appen-
dix V, 8 pp., 2 pls. (Document No. 869. Issued June 20, 1919.)
TWO SPECIES OF MENHADEN OCCURRING ON THE COAST OF NorTH CAROLINA. By
Samuel F. Hildebrand. Appendix VI, 8 pp., 2 figs., 1 pl. (Document No.
871. Issued August 16, 1919.)
ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918. By Ward T. Bower. Appen-
dix VII, 128 pp., 10 pls. (Document No. 872. Issued December 8, 1919.)
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON IN PuGEeT SOUND AND FRASER River. By
Henry O’Malley and Willis H. Rich. Appendix VIII, 38 pp., 1 pl., 1 chart.
(Document No. 873. Issued December 3, 1919.)
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL IN PONDS. By Samuel F. Hildebrand.
Appendix IX, 15 pp., 3 figs., 6 pls. (Document No. 874. Issued Septem-
ber 23, 1919.)
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF STATIS-
TICS AND METHODS OF THE FISHERIES FOR 1918. By Lewis Radcliffe. Ap-
pendix X, 167 pp., 7 figs. (Document No. 875. Issued November 15, 1919.)
III
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REPORT OF THE
UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED
JUNE 30, 1918
CONTENTS.
Generaliadministrativiemavterd) sce seca ae oe eae oe ee ee ee
Adaptation to-war Conditions = o.)25,.5.ssee—n2 55252022 eee
SCR OEUTINN 5 48 SP aeRO os ER Soc Re RE aL Rit ey hn ee, 8
Appropriations and allotments .....
Propagation and distribution of food fishes. .............---.---
POPECsS Ob HSM, CULOUEOS. spre wecincn Somes Ries Seek EO ee Luk Steamed
Patenerios Gperwved .....,.<c <2 c..-is ss coe nee eee. Raed fue eee Be Ue
Distribution of food fishes. ....... SADT Pant 87S EAR ER ph BER DRE ee
Relations with States and foreign eountties oo/4 eA
iveseuelol sizanded, fishea.2s 43:0. Feces seco Peligeeiien:. 2
RICCI TIC A LEOT aa! cee MISES alg a take Ben clo e el GR ton | N
Artificial propagation of fresh-water mussels ......... See Bees st he
Investigations and experiments regarding aquatic products Bo
Modificatian:of the acientifie work. ffs. 2241 5.02.2 see
Experiments relating to the preservation of fishery products ............
Investigations relating to sources of supply ..............------
Pxperimlentalwmsn CUlgune o-oo noe nc cwin cect eee
Investigations and practical work in antimalarial campaigns
Diseases:and parasites’ of fishes... ... 222.20. .e00.2 025.552.
iiimeciianeous im vyestigationg 5. Jo2 oociesieocnc acs oe ices
Work at the fisheries laboratories...............--.----.:--
Relations with the fishing industries........................---
Increasing the consumption of aquatic foods...............
Utilization of fish waste and waste fish....................
Mone. camming, ASM. <..5 = 2 1a sta ciete Nevo ans saa 6 Sex 2
Development of aquatic sources of leather...............--
New England vessel fisheries.....:........--..-.--------
Vessel fisheries at Seattle, Wash..................-.0-.---
Coastal fisheries of New York and New Jersey.............-
Fishing on Five-Fathom Bank, N. J., in 1916 and 1917.....
phd nshery of the Hudson River. s-...2 50... 22.22.
Statistics of the wholesale fresh-fish trade of New York City.
Fisheries of Lake Pepin and Lake Keokuk................
AMAA ORION BEEVICE: ©. specie apace ula hue De scieise dadebladecdic mcd
Inspection of private salmon hatcheries................-..-
Waters closed to commercial fishing. -....................-
Fishery patrol and stream watchmen.....................-
Census of red salmon in Wood River................---..--
PneL ser beinipOHES BEEVICE =. shoo). coder ye eet «cutee s avon ielaniatae rae
HSbC ey? CXANGHALION | WOPC S235 or sth eae, ple. Saute L oh ae ee. Boe
Establishment of salmon canneries on Yukon River..............------
Permits for commercial fishery operations in Aleutian Islands..........-
Alaska fur-seal service
Resumption of seal killings for commercial purposes.................---
Authentication of
fur-seal skins taken by Washington Indians.........-
Conditionkoighhersesll nerds 28a es ee ae oes oka Sid casos west ke Se
4
Minor fur-bearing animals of Alaska
Enforcement of laws and regulations
Furs shipped from Alaska -
CONTENTS.
New regulations for protection of fur-bearing animals. .............-----
Fur farming in Alaska _...-
Miscellaneous matters ........-
Special constructions and improvements
Vessel service.........----
Fishery matters in Congress
Ameriean-Canadian Bisheries| Conference). 2265-262 e) eee oe ee eee eee
REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
DerepaRTMENT OF COMMERCE,
Bureau oF FIsHErIes,
Washington, September 30, 1918.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report in which are
outlined ths operations of the Bureau of Fisheries during the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1918. The major divisions, into which the report
naturally falls, are general administrative matters, the propagation
and distribution of food fishes, the artificial propagation of fresh-
water mussels, the Bureau’s relations with the fishing industry,
biological and physical investigations and experiments, the Alaska
fisheries service, the Alaska fur-seal service, protection of the minor
fur-bearing animals of Alaska, and miscellaneous activities and rela-
tions.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS.
ADAPTATION TO WAR CONDITIONS.
The Bureau has continued to conduct its operations with reference
to the peculiar situation created by war, and has actively cooperated
with other governmental agencies—Army, Navy, Food Administra-
tion, War Trade Board, Shipping Board, Fuel Administration, ete.—
in furthering the country’s interests so far as its powers and resources
permit. This has resulted in a curtailment of activities in certain
lines, but in essential respects has given to the operations an impor-
tance never before assumed.
Seagoing vessels of the Bureau suitable for naval purposes have
been placed at the disposal of the Navy Department and are render-
ing good service. The Navy Department has taken over the entire
plant of the marine biological station at Beaufort, N. C. The exten-
sive docks and spacious buildings at the marine station at Woods
Hole, Mass., have been largely and constantly used as headquarters
for a naval-reserve force.
The estimates of appropriations for 1920 have been submitted with
reference to urgent conditions, which make unwise the expenditure
of any moneys not actually required for operations on a war basis.
.Under other circumstances, larger appropriations would have been
requested; and, in due time, such funds as the Bureau needs for the
proper performance of its functions and the fulfillment of its obliga-
tions to the country will be estimated for and strongly urged before
Congress, which in the past has dealt with this service in a liberal
manner.
5
6 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
PERSONNEL.
The personnel of the Bureau, both at headquarters and in the field,
has performed with efficiency and fidelity the ordinary duties devolv-
ing thereon, and, furthermore, has assumed in admirable spirit the
added personal, official, and civic responsibilities imposed by the state
of war. Throughout the Bureau, employees have freely offered them-
selves for active military duty; a comparatively large number have
entered the Army and Navy; and in the relatively few cases in which
deferred classification has been asked, the Bureau, rather than the
employees themselves, has taken the initiative in recognition of cer-
tain definite needs of the fishery service. It is an honor no less than
a pleasure to commend to the Secretary a loyal, capable corps of tech-
nical and clerical assistants, both permanent and temporary, to whom
is to be attributed the success of the Bureau’s operations and the
enlarged scope and increasing public appreciation of its activities.
The administrative staff at headquarters during the fiscal year
1918 comprised the following persons: H. F. Moore, deputy com-
missioner; Irving H. Dunlap, assistant in charge of office; Henry
O’Malley, assistant in charge of fish culture; Robert E. Coker, as-
sistant in charge of inquiry respecting food fishes and the fishing
grounds; Lewis Radcliffe, assistant in charge of statistics and meth-
ods of the fisheries; Ward T. Bower, chief agent of the Alaska serv-
ice. At the beginning of the fiscal year 1919, Mr. O’Malley was
transferred to the position of field assistant for the Pacific coast, a
place newly created by Congress, and Glen C. Leach, field super-
intendent and an employee of the fish-cultural branch since 1902,
became assistant in charge of the division.
The Bureau has long been handicapped by the extremely small.
salaries allowed by Congress in the lower grades, particularly in the
clerical and fish-cultural forces. In recent years, and particularly in
the fiscal year 1918, the situation has become acute because of the
difficulty, often the impossibility, of inducing persons to accept statu-
tory positions or of retaining persons who may have been willing
to enter the service. The result is that a very large proportion of
the low-grade positions in the fish hatcheries has been vacant much
of the time, and there has been in the Washington office a floating
corps of clerks, many of them appointed without regard to civil-serv-
ice qualifications. The entrance salaries in the fish-cultural branch
are so low as to be almost absurd under present industrial con-
ditions. The clerical service is overcrowded at the bottom, and there
is little opportunity for advancing capable and deserving juniors.
As a move toward the remedying of this situation, there has been
included in the estimates of appropriations for 1920 provision for the
substitution of a reduced number of higher-grade clerical positions
in heu of certain low-grade positions and for general increase in
the salaries of the field force in the fish-cultural branch.
Other recommendations affecting personnel that have been placed
in the estimates of appropriations for the next fiscal year are as
follows: Increase in the salaries of assistants in charge of divisions;
creation of a chief of the Alaska service; provision for eight addi-
tional technical assistants for work in fish culture, biological investi-
gation, and commercial fisheries; provision for two new statistical
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 7
agents for canvassing the fisheries; a clerk to the deputy commis-
sioner and a clerk for the Seattle office; change in designation and
increase in salary of the principal Government officials on the Pribilof
Islands; provision for personnel of the station at Block Island, R.
I.; and an alternative estimate for the segregation of the different
grades of all field employees, in leu of detailed estimate by sta-
tions, cars, etc., as at present, in the interest of a more elastic force
that can be more economically employed.
APPROPRIATIONS AND ALLOTMENTS.
The appropriations for the Bureau of Fisheries for the fiscal year
1918, including regular, deficiency, and special appropriations, ag-
gregated $1,263,560, as follows:
Salaries, including $8,000 deficiency for steamer Roosevelf___________ $440, 560
Miscellaneous expenses:
PANCDETRETOL SGI OTN tenes es ek ee Sra Re ee ae a 10, 000
LEARG] OPEC GKONT AONE, a KO VOTO | BULS) OCe ISI tek ERA aR eh a Me a 375, 000
Maimnenance , OG VieSSeIs 2s Parsee ey Sek 2h RE EE) (OOOO0
Enquiry respecting; TOOds fishes) thts! sted tes) ee ee 50, 000
Sisk is CGN Ta PIT Yes a ek a ere de Be 7, 500
EEOLCCHIUE ESPON ZC nS NODC Gs a a Bam see Oe ee Seen eS See 3, 000
Protecting seal and salmon fisheries of Alaska, including deficiency
Oi pon OOO: he SGOT et PR PO TAGs BRECON ei 110, 000
Developing aquatiezsounces, of leather. 2Us e807.) see) Ors) Apes» 10, 000
Repains: Steamer? HiSi. FIG = a Se Se ete Be a Le 35,000
PDS TS TRIO ULE Ma Cesta satr es ae Nee ns 2 eee eRe Poe pee 15, 000
Motor vesselstor Woods Holes Mass eo ee 3, 000
Rebuilding laboratory, Fairport, Iowa (deficiency) _~_-______-_____ 80, 000
Improvements and purchase of land at fish-cultural stations:
WADE: WaLTICOM ts pNP Np oe eet ig atte erg ee Foe ee 5, 500
Gen tO wINa = oe oe es Soc aa eS ee ae te Cee 3, 500
NSRLEEE EL aT COS URL Narre ae mene ema er one eer ee ee eaten eee, 7, 500
Improvements at fish-cultural stations:
ISOZ ERPS Ti (ieee ere seers rd Ad ed eee eth a OSs eT eR 7, 500
Oran eb une t Sit Cie P et aaa ee eee Bie oe ee a ph ae Sd 3, 500
URUUPO SV Vie ae ee a te ea ee a et aa 7, 000
A detailed statement of the expenditures under the foregoing ap-
propriations will be submitted in accordance with law.
In addition to the amounts appropriated by Congress, there were
provided for the extension of the Bureau’s activities certain allot-
ments from the fund for the national security and defense. These
allotments, approved and authorized by the President on the recom-
mendation of the Secretary, have enabled the Bureau to undertake
important work that otherwise would have been altogether impossible
or possible on only a limited scale.
The first allotment, amounting to $30,000, was made on January 2,
1918, for the purpose of securing an immediate increase in the pro-
duction of aquatic foods on all parts of the United States coast,
through such educational and publicity methods as have heretofore
proved successful.
The second allotment, of $20,000, was given on February 27, 1918.
to enable the Bureau to cooperate with the Food Administration and
the State fishery authorities in increasing the production of food fish
in the Gulf States.
On April 9, 1918, an allotment of $25,000 was provided for the
purpose of enabling the Bureau to install at the Pribilof Islands a
plant for the utilization of seal carcasses in producing a commercial
8 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
grade of oil and fertilizer. It was represented that, by the use of
material that would otherwise be wasted, valuable by-products would
result that would pay for the plant in the first season of its operation.
On July 2, 1918, pursuant to a formal presentation of the matter
on June 23, 1918, the President allotted $125,000 to permit the erec-
tion and maintenance of a fisheries- products laboratory in Wash-
ington, D. C. The primary purpose of the laboratory is to induce
increased production and consumption of aquatic foods through the
dissemination of knowledge of improved methods of preservation.
PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES.
PROGRESS OF FISH CULTURE.
The general trend and progress of Federal fish culture may be re-
garded as satisfactory. Some of the great commercial fisheries which,
because of their magnitude and intensity, have a constant tendency to
affect adversely the abundance of the fishes sought have been brought
well within the control of the fish-culturist and may, in general, be
maintained at a high level because of the advances that have been
made in artificial propagation, supplemented by minimum rational
restrictions.
Other fisheries, of which the lobster and sturgeon are conspicuous
examples, have long been prosecuted in such flagrant and notorious
disregard of the laws of nature and of man that artificial propagation
seems hopeless, and dependence thereon only serves to condone per-
nicious practices. An exception should, of course, be made in the case
of lobster rearing which, if conducted on a sufficiently extensive scale
in the principal centers of the lobster fishery, and supported by local
popular sentiment in favor of lobster conservation, would undoubt-
edly do much to arrest the decline and restore depleted waters.
Of the littoral marine fishes that have come under artificial propa-
gation, the winter flounder is most extensively hatched and supports
the largest fishery. It is most worthy of continued attention at the
hands of the fish-culturist, because of its inherent qualities and be-
cause its abundance may readily be affected, favorably or unfavor-
ably, by man.
Judged by mere numbers, the fish-cultural work of the Bureau in
the fiscal year 1918 showed a decrease of approximately 20 per cent
compared with 1917. The aggregate output of the hatcheries was
4,098,105,000. The smaller production was chiefly attributable to
adverse weather conditions prevailing during the spawning time of
various commercial fishes whose eggs are handled in large numbers,
particularly the cod, pollock, and pike perch. Other species which
showed a reduced output were shad, cisco, humpback and chum sal-
mons, lake trout, smelt, white perch, and lobster. An increase is to
be noted in the production of buffalofish, carp, catfish, whitefish,
chinook and sockeye salmons, yellow perch, and winter flounder.
From the very nature of the fish-cultural work, the young of some
of the species hatched are planted as fry, and this will no doubt
continue to be the practice for many years to come, perhaps indefi-
nitely. The fishes so handled are those whose eggs are obtained in
comparatively large numbers from the commercial fishermen and
whose fry have a very short yolk-sac stage, common examples being
the whitefish, shad, pike perch, yellow perch, striped bass, and vari-
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 9
ous marine species. Other fishes, however, which in the early days
of fish culture also were planted soon after hatching, are now being
held for longer and longer periods as the facilities for rearing are
improved; and a conspicuous feature of the recent operations is the
greatly increased percentage of fishes liberated as fingerlings and
yearlings. The fishes which require this treatment are the salmons
and trouts, which have a large, slowly absorbed yolk-sac, the carrying
of which renders them more or less helpless and a ready prey to
their natural enemies, and the fresh-water basses, which are espe-
cially adapted for pond culture. In the fiscal year 1918, over
168,000,000 fish were distributed by the Bureau as fingerlings, year-
lings, and adults, this being by far the largest output of such fish,
both in actual number and in percentage. The year 1917, which
established a record in this respect, showed only 82,000,000 fishes
distributed as fingerlings, yearlings, and adults. It should be under-
stood that fishes stranded on the overflowed lands along the Missis-
sippi River and tributaries and rescued by the Bureau’s agents are
included in the foregoing figures.
There follows a summarized statement of the output of the Bureau
in 1918:
SUMMARY, BY SPECIES, OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND F1sH Eces DURING THE
FiscaL YEAR 1918.
Fingerlings,
Species Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Total
and adults.
Ey iG sifu ape ag gt Sy eer mee OR Mis (TERR NN et Ne «Ne 12, 733, 330 12, 733, 330
Carp ae 2 ee aeeke Soset ete ht Eee REIS. earl acwsesesoees 3, 250, 000 1, 660, 941 4,910, 941
Bist ONS hse eee ees nee ner cals aot tines semen occwosteeoee , 260, 2, 417, 052 30, 677, 052
DRAG e are ee aoe ca cee noe ck com ooo. Lhicgks| oo aerators 52543900 «|. ccnciclere wrens 52, 543, 900
Biver herring 34am. baie (eed Pes. Besse ces | needa acces 100, 000 3, 700, 000 3, 800, 000
Wi hitotish ect. Meier heMsrne s4TeR ah oo... 75, 540,000 | 408, 492,000 |.............. 484, 032, 000
ake herring: (Cisco) i222 2 ste aa. eee ccccesloccacc eee 655130;,000 1. .= cee ce eee 65, 130, 000
SINGIN TNE coe ee a ne a gee 3 A AR apieh REO CRE eee ey 980, 300 10, 534, 115 11, 514, 415
CHMOOR SALMON sa oee ae anc coe saee ee aeee Gok ee 17, 574, 900 6, 028, 920 63, 176, 244 86, 780, 064
Dockeye Salmons seis at_ sole, Sees ee ss 13, 000, 000 38, 137, 000 45, 599, 785 96, 736, 785
Fam ppacktsalmon™ hae) see es seed | ace deaws 5, 193, 065 3, 754, 000 8, 947, 065
Ghumissimonmeret aie n ante ae ee os scan aoame soso 9; 8925145 nc. cent seeen nc 9, 892, 145
Steelhead salmon -.326 22025 osU 0K Sack. 1, 570, 000 172, 000 7, 022, 488 8, 764, 488
sinbowriiroutees. S38 os ara eck 1, 139, 250 22, 000 1, 654, 477 2,815, 727
ARIRNTICISRETOn eee ae . SOS see hd. ol ca ructe 2,577, 000 671 2,577, 671
andlocked salmon. « .cseeteuet cee ec nt ica cesses 478, 000 306, 395 87, 837 872, 232
Blagkspotted trouteee. 22 265288 eee, ocesce 1, 090, 000 3, 821, 000 1, 878, 500 6, 789, 500
BUA IDS TIT eT ne ee ei Oot cele | ee af ny te et Se Pt ST ee 56, 000 56, 000
fies One es soe ole Socks “| 21,718,000 | 39, 599, 200 226, 797 61, 543, 997
Brook teottt ..22sigies 02. dee 378, 175 3, 876, 265 i 12) 137) 108
Sunapee trout..........-.-...- aks i 7,372
Smalfest 235. osesl. Saks 1, 218, 750
Pike and pickerel............- 106, 408
Fresh-water drum............-- 83, 473
(Ore) 2) ol eee ee eee: | 2,905, 812
Largemouth black bass..............-- 1, 253, 520
Bmallnouthy black: Dass)..-<,s00 455s sets dock ws scnceeceeee’ 328, 174
PROC Ke DAS Set oo css acs Set S eC ee eee cass sd see wer ews leceseeeenee tee 83, 055
SVVSSEEN IO TEENS ee | REE REE nh ent a Leen ets 9, 220
SL aS OSE o> DOR Ae Ta Ie 1, 644, 558
Pikesperchyet - oe. 5 55 Jeet Pe reo ee 70, 561, 954
Collow,perch=. Aly Iss. ShSss Sess. Oe, oe cc s|eee ee 183, 358, 282
Wihtiteiparchisnys Sess oees v.05. Sass estes csscsloeetseee 2, 900, 000
— os eee see ee eee ee cee n oecowcca|cascccwoscs dleekioccect cons 47, 261
pe UCC) ee Sa ae ee ee ee ee ae 14,349, 000
eon ny Se) Sone 1 BE a a (ee PRE 4; 648, 000
Cdn a eee ee Sore ae Ue loc cenlacacccacceud 77, 659, 000
Ven gi ofa fe oe epee ae es ee ee eee eee 233, 700, 000
Finddbuicwe Paeesieie 3288 ise, SSE bl cdsccascecs 17, 830, 000
Wirtteriiinan ders: 22: 95 eee ee eset |e 2, 455, 371, 000
Miscallanpous fishes =... -OSsen ee see oi 228s lee ice ee 100, 200
DMODSUOD ses teen suk poccad cease scene te ee eos ccc Cee 66, 685, 700
Total ee aoe sce ose etre cee suceenc 147, 048, 325 |3, 782, 091, 940 168, 964, 894 | 4,098, 105, 159
10 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
HATCHERIES OPERATED.
No new hatcheries were in operation during the year. The hatch-
ery near Havre de Grace, Md., at the mouth of the Susquehanna
River, closed by order of the Secretary in the last fiscal year, has re-
mained closed. The Bureau is not informed of any action taken by
the Maryland Legislature that would justify the reopening of this
station. The equipment has been largely removed for use in other
fields. The station at San Marcos, Tex., closed by order of the Sec-
retary in May, 1917, was reopened July 1, 1918, the Texas Legislature
having in March, 1918, enacted a law to meet the requirements im-
posed by Congress. Following is a list, in alphabetical order, of the
fish-cultural stations operated during the year, with the principal
auxiliary or subsidary stations thereunder, the period of active work,
and the species handled. The numerous minor field stations and
mere egg-collecting points are not shown.
Congress has provided a permanent personnel for the Berkshire
trout hatchery, and regular operations thereat have begun. Al-
though the donation of this valuable property was formally accepted
by the Government in July, 1916, the Department of Justice has not
yet made the report on the title, as required by law, so that the Bureau
has not been able to assume formal control.
FisH-CULTURAL STATIONS AND PRINCIPAL AUXILIARIES OPERATED DURING THE
Fiscat Year, 1918.
Designation. Period of operation. Species handled.
Atornak, Alaska os iis 26 .ciccln cutee PMtpITesVCAar.-j\i=-[eel = sie Sockeye and humpback salmons.
SealiBay, Alaska. 3: -.25-c24-5 July—October--ncae=2---- Do.
Atchafalaya, Wa. cocce.--sne-ciceme i March-April = = -- 22-2. Buffalofish.
Baton Rouge, La..........--.-- | April-May -.......--.-.- | Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish, crap-
| pie, drum, sunfish, white bass.
Baird: Cales. 2524. cho cco eee IMEUNICITG: VOAT (cite cta.ceiate cise Chinook salmon.
Battle Creek) Calm -2) 2. fae. Vs a (6 Ka) esas eye Do.
Mill Creek, Cal i2 0522-6 sou. Jes ee doesn ya ie | Do.
Hormbrook,;Calecece---- eer ceeeee doz ter wer Pea as Chinook salmon, rainbow trout.
Bakerake! Wash cocscs.ck aes tienes - (iG). oe esesdiccmanacqne | Sockeye, chinook, and silver salmons.
Birdsview, Wash............-. seer es GOS) zaiase sttels Suse | Sockeye, chinook, chum, humpback, silver,
and steelhead salmons.
Brinnon Wash sas-seceeuecene | July-February.....-...-) Chum, humpback, and steelhead salmons.
Warrington, sWash:... 5 cheese cleaose (6 (oye Ge et reng nee ery oe | Chinook, chum, humpback, silver, and
steelhead salmons.
Day Creek, Wash---........-- Sith y—Ma view seve cts c «<i Chinook, chum, and steelhead salmons.
Duckabush, Wash............ HNtivOnyeal = cecee cece Chum, humpback, silver, and steelhead
salmons.°
Ilabott Creek, Wash....-....-.. \aholy—Januaryo. -24.-2-- Chinook, chum, humpback, silver, and
steelhead salmons.
Quilcene, Wash..-...... be eee MN TADING | VW ORT sy. casein states <i Chum, humpback, silver, and steelhead
salmons.
Saltan,/Washis teseee2 4o- etc |- tee AO sas saseeses seems Chinook, humpback, silver, and steelhead
salmons.
Berkshire, Massa- oseecc. os oconccsealeence GO esi ecks ctaaeest Brook and rainbow trouts, steelhead sal-
mon.
Boothbay Harbor, Me.............|....- GO ee ore rcccsccoese Flounder, lobster.
Bozeman; Monta cacconsecsiss cous lecicee CO Pies ces ates oes Blackspotted, brook, and rainbow trouts.
Meadow Creek, Mont.......... March-June..>....-..... Rainbow trout.
Yellowstone Park, Wyo.....-.| July, August, and June -| Blackspotted trout.
Bryans Eomt, MG. -csa....scuouree March-May .......------ Shad, yellow perch, alewife.
Cape Vincent; IN. YY .ccoseccceueere WMnIre Vals. coccce soe Brook, lake, and rainbow trouts, lake her-
ring, pike, and yellow perches, white-
sh.
Central station, Washington, D.C.|..... GO re eases Black bass, brook trout, humpback, sal-
mon, shad, sunfish, whitefish.
Clackamas, 'Oregistsccccccsee teenies ce d0:t.sce Gcocesedesees Blackspotted, brook, and rainbow trouts,
chinook, silver, and steelhead salmons.
applegate; /Oreg - on: on ceceeolmcsae GOs! cose cenecesmacss Chinook, silver, and steelhead salmons.
Big White Salmon, Wash.....)....- Oe vececwee coe Chinook, salmon.
Little White Salmon, Wash...|....- OGte oe satecs cae case Do.
Morus River, OTee.. 5. ..hsencleenes (6 (a see aE Fi nia he Blackspotted trout, chinook, silver, and
steelhead salmons.
Upper Clackamas, Oreg.......|....- dO:sc-- cache scscesews Rainbow trout, chinook, silver, and steel-
| head salmons
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
i
FisH-CuLTuRAL STATIONS AND PRINCIPAL AUXILIARIES OPERATED DURING THE
FWiscaL YEAR, 1918—Continued.
Designation. Period of operaticen. Species handled.
Clackamas, Oreg.—Contd.
Willamette, Oreg.............- Shad.
Astoria, Oreg.... Do.
St. Helens, Oree. Do.
Cold Springs, Ga.........-- sis’ Black bass, catfish, sunfish.
CraigiBroukwM6s.-os«ncuseccnens se Atlantic, humpback, and landlocked sa’-
mons, brook trout.
Duluth Minn: 2 <0 tenns «coe ss4-6e| sack COM ee seecaceee acc sis Brook and lake trouts, pike perch white-
sh.
HdentonseNs Ciacci sastiepes cast ee sisccce GO sen - cesses beso Black bass, shad, sunfish, yellow perch.
Weldon N.C..-....0........- Atpril=Maiys tmaneseccnees Striped bass.
Brwie Lenn’ s ces. Silt ee, Hintiretyear 22/222 S352 Brook and rainbow trouts, black bass,
carp, rock bass, sunfish.
INSIEPOLUMLOWA beach sce wcicccemanalsscee Ove ceeeehararansces a Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish. crap-
pie, drum, pike sunfish, white bass
yellow perch.
Gloucester} IMASss << 2h Sse. oss2E) eet Gokiztt 55 5222.85. ~2 Cod, flounder, haddock, pollock.
Greenilakes Mere. cdeccc cabcce clase stout cla CaaS er Geeeee prog and lake trouts, landlocked salmon
smelt.
Grand Lake Stream, Me......|..... Oesrcssccscee heeds Lake a landlocked salmon, white
perch.
Homior (Minn -jeemectseananeeccee sc satres GO poms nnsboobadshor Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish, crap-
pie, pike perch, pike, rock bass, sunfish
white bass, yellow perch.
aiCrosses Wists i cSe2e th Oe Gots 3254 FEBS Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish, crap-
pie, drum, pike, white bass, pike and
yellow perches, brook and rainbow trouts.
Leadville; Coles. ..c.asssbecosusesa| ca: do..-.-............-| Blackspotted, brook, lake, Loch Leven,and
rainbow trouts.
LonisvillesiKeys. 222595. eh 2 shoe ee dGse:2E 2) (e525. 882 Brook and rainbow trouts, black bass,
crappie, pike perch, rock bass, small-
mouth bass, sunfish.
Mammoth Spring, Ark............|..-.- GOR eee oi Fh cee Black bass, rock bass.
ManCHEStEr NOWN ccs soc ee etc ooen lites. GsstoosnoaseAssESbe Brook and rainbow trouts, crappie. rock
bass, smallmouth bass.
Bellevue; LOWS: =<'ssccccceesccs July-December .--...... Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish, erap-
pie, drum, pike, river herring, sunfish,
warmouth bass, white bass, yellow perch
North McGregor, Iowa........|....- GIDEo sc aeccind SoudeoSe 0.
Meredosia lie os. 5. cect cutieoeselnn Bas 0) oie s sabes soe ec ces Black bass, buffalofish, carp, catfish, crap-
pie, drum, rock bass, smallmouth bass
sunfish, yellow perch.
INSSHTSSEN, PEL Nc eh asst ccna ecces Entire year. - <<j.csecesc Brook and rainbow trouts, ‘andlocked
salmon, smallmouth bass.
INeeshe eMons.cessccence cone semen eoece WO mepieesewee -+------| Black bass, crappie, rock bass, smallmouth
bass, sunfish, yellow perch, rainbow
trout.
Northville, Mich............. re AES CUR aaRee Hee soSae Brook, lake, and rainbow trouts, small
mouth bass, steelhead salmon
Alpena, Mich: 2255528225225 October-March......... Lake trout, whitefish.
Charlevoix, Mich.............. November-June......... Lake trout, steelhead salmon, whitefish
Orangebure js. Cx si sssecosee2 Entire year - --| Black bass, sunfish.
Renimibay -Ohios 55.2005. eee ee Ott eeiscee as Carp, lake trout, pike perch, whitefish
Qningalt, Wash.) i05)ic0 50) dol eerer: -| Sockeye, chinook, and silver salmons.
St. Johnsbury, Mitieee chs cn ss SOs as Oey cco 5 uk Brook, lake, rainbow, and sunapee trouts,
landlocked and steelhead salmons. small-
mouth bass.
Holden, Voss <2 s555s52825 22} 2 Oemetecccsceccenass Brook and lake trouts, landlocked and steel-
head salmons.
Swanton, Vt<sssscese2ssséer- April-June: «20.2 cts0es2 Pike and yellow perches.
PAIALOSA WY Oot soseccccccocecccce ntiresyearess. 5. ceneee Blackspotted, brook, and rainbow trout;.
steelhead salmon.
Speartish Soak. G5... sdeaastal box: CO One DERE ED Spear Blackspotted, brook, lake, and ‘ainbow
. trouts.
poseevill, Utah. 5-155 S35. coco Be GO sriree cess cece Blackspotted, brook, and rainbow trouts.
POLO MMIsS esses. Jes osenase sacl neces (6 (RR Sede ee cccoed Black bass, crappie, sunfish warmouth
ass.
Mriar PF OmMt;.MisS:,.- soeacasehe July-Decemboer......... Black bass, catfish, crappie, rock bass, sun-
sh.
White Sulphur Springs, W. Va...| Entire year............. Brock and rainbow trouts, :mallmouth
ass.
Woods:HolesMass'.6 0-2-0 25 ee tees UG eccncnsasneee -----| Cod, flounder, mackerel.
Wytheville, Va...... Co ccecuseasbnl eases AO oe ese eee Brook and rainbow trouts, black bass. rock
bass, smallmouth bass, sunfish.
Yes Bay! Alaska so occcececécccecelszsee do..................| Sockeye salmon.
12 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD FISHES.
The food fishes produced at the Bureau’s stations and assigned to
private applicants, State fishery authorities, or public waters, re-
ceived a nation-wide distribution.
The 6 special cars employed in distributing the output in 1918
traveled 102,330 miles, of which 10,024 miles were without cost to
the Bureau. The remaining mileage was at a cost of 10 to 25 cents
per mile, which includes moving of cars and fares of attendants. Car
messengers, detached from their cars and charged with special ship-
ments of fish, traveled 468,244 miles, of which 54,578 miles were free
and the remainder at 2 to 4 cents per mile. The cars were hauled
over 47 railroads and the messengers traveled on 190 different rail-
roads.
Poor service rendered by express companies during the year, owing
in part to railway congestion and in part to neglect of explicit in-
structions, resulted in the loss of various shipments of fish eggs to
State fishery authorities and between stations of the Bureau.
RELATIONS WITH STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
In cooperation with the fishery authorities of the various States,
the Bureau has continued to supply considerable numbers of fish
eggs for incubation in State hatcheries, the resulting fish being
planted in local waters under the direction of the State commis-
sioners. Limited numbers of fry, fingerlings, yearlings, and adults
also are furnished to the States. In 1918 this form of cooperation
was extended to 27 States, as follows:
ALLOTMENTS OF FISH AND FisH Eces to STATE FisH COMMISSIONS, FIScAL
YEAR 1918.
{All figures are for eggs unless otherwise indicated. Fingerlings are designated a and fry b.)
State and species. Number. State and species. Number.
California: Chinook salmon.......---- 14,321,900 || Montana:
Connecticut: Blackspotted trout. .-.--..<...0.- 300, 000
Largemouth black bass......----- a 515 Largemouth black bass.......---- 21,400
Cathisliver ese. = seen eee ea a 750 Cathishl Sees sees ase ee see ae eee a 3,000
(Gailey goccotonondac oer ec aac See 21,500 Rambow, trout =o... --<eleieia a 300, 000
eee dane ore ecine neil a 2,400 S hoes eee Sees eee eee 2 100
Tilinois: Nebraska: Rainbow trout.........--- 2 16,000
Largemouth black bass......----- @ 825 || Nevada:
Catfish....-.-----+-----+--+++----- a 12, 200 Blackspotted trout..........--.-.- 50, 000
Crap piG eres -po4-eesae tae eae @ 21, 850 Rainbow trout...........--.--.--- 50, 000
Wak@irOUtececct- © otartatslo tere tttat 100,000 || New Hampshire:
Pike and pickerel..........---.--- a 688 Lake trout... .--ccccovcess-sccesess 100, 000
Sie liG Nese SAP eRP ee ees es FS a 9,730 Pike perches ececesa- ssa eae 2, 000, 000
Wee aoe seeheesere Aas Beats ; an 665 \iAsbie itis? Sepeegcescocsapnencoec se 500, 000
Whitefish ...-..--------+--++-++++- , 000,000 || New Jersey:
Yellow perch...-.----+---+-++---- @ 2,575 peas black bass........--- a 200
Towa: Landlocked salmon............--- 25, 000
IBTOORKS LOU Geise sisic «de cjeie=e to sees 50, 000 Rainbow trotlt:2.-...ccsc2 nea 50, 000
Bape bs WOM Raise reset Gottsc3 50, 000 Steelhead salmon.....-2..-..--.-- 50, 000
ainbow trout....--....---.------ 94, 000
Kentucky: New York:
PrcotEOLhe ee eee htce eee a 600 AKG trOUbeor sama ae RR eeeee 11, 766, 000
Pike nerdh steer ee ce ee b 2. 400, 000 Landlocked salmon. .....-.-.....- 50, 000
Rainbow trolltseseose< acecedo codecs “a 1.600 Steelhead salmon......-...---...- 400, 000
Maine: ; Win lketn see cee eee 15, 000, 000
BVA ee oe ee 100,000 || Ohio: Lake trout......-.------------- 700, 000
WakOurOuies=sees sae eeasee sewer 100,000 || Oklahoma
Landlocked salmon.......-.-..--- 378, 000 TROGK: DASS = ceo siaiel = in'n/~/=fo einlminlminlni=in a1,550
Locate $80 | ea estanas aterm al, sie
Aad Ne Getne soecosinc odd SOS CeS CUBE a a
Orappleso:ces+5en-t sceeeteseert a 200 Yellow perch.......---+-+-+------ { > 10, 000
Smallmouth black bass......-.--- @ 88 || Oregon:
Massachusetts: Pike perch..-........-- 5, 000, 000 rook trout.......- ae a 36, 000
Michigan: Lake trout.:.....-.-...-.-- 2, 550, 000 Chinook salmon. . -| 3,150, 000
Minnesota: Sockeye salmon. - - 3,000, 000
Dake trout sl... 3s cadevevscesccces's 300, 000 Steelhead salmon = 750, 000
Steelhead salmon................- 50,000 || Pennsylvania: Whitefish.......--..-- 38, 280, 000
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 13
ALLOTMENTS OF FISH AND FisH E«es To STATE FIsH COMMISSIONS, FISCAL
Year 1918—Continued.
State and species. Number. State and species. Number
Rhode Island: oer Washington: age ays
7 ackspotted trout............---- 200, 000
BOONE OH arp aoe erin pot aia { a 20,000 Gbaire trofity. sc 1f0s2-. seks 300, 000
Smallmouth black bass.....-.---- @ 690 || Wisconsin:
South Dakota: Largemouth black bass.......---- a3, 425
Largemouth black bass.....-.-.-- 21,050 Catishe = S< cas. sase-5 saree ee ohio eee a 900
ISTOORMUROUL pate atela sla ia-lsiaet=ialeiet=ieie @ 6,000 Crap pleees ese sais seeree sem ste a 1,200
Catfish .....-.--------------------- a 12,300 Lake@itrout. 5. -<-- eae en cenean-- 5, 402, 000
(Ganj) gie)s- Soe Soscossese sae Soccesee @ 2, 200 Whitefish. 5.2... secesccs=nc~-= 15, 000, 000
SMM Sie oes cocina aa-eicies = gemeiceet a 5,100 || Wyoming:
Tennessee: Blackspotted trout............--.- 200, 000
Brook trout. ---.-.-.--.....2--.... 25, 000 Rainbow trout.............-..-... 50, 000
Rainbow trout J5.....2-...--..5.... 100, 000 Steelhead salmon................. 50, 000
Vermont: —_————
ake thOubes (eens 22 mee ene = 300, 000 133, 307, 900
Landlocked salmon...-..........-- 10, 000 ROUAME Et opciee cess be ieee nee b 2,410,000
IPIkG PerChe sas -— a «Sew selanwd a 7, be 000 @ 170,771
000
Steelhead salmon.....-- peas Se
: 1
In various fields the agents of the Bureau and the different States
have joined forces in the collection of eggs. The States, on their
part, have facilitated the fish-cultural work of the Bureau, and an
excellent cooperative spirit prevails throughout the country. Espe-
cially helpful during the fiscal year 1918 was the assistance rendered
by the fishery officials of the States of Vermont, New York, Michigan,
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Utah, Washington,
and Oregon. Before supplying to individuals or organizations
fishes not indigenous to given States, the Bureau takes the precaution
of referring the applications to the State officials and securing their
approval.
An assignment of sockeye-salmon eggs was made from Alaska to
British Columbia, with the intention of having the resulting, young
planted in the Fraser River. The shipment arrived in bad condi-
tion, and only comparatively few young were produced. Limited
consignments of chinook-salmon and rainbow-trout eggs were made
to Japan, and small numbers of black bass and yellow perch were
sent to Mexico. At the request of the authorities of the Canal Zone,
7,875 fingerling black bass, carp, catfish, and sunfish were planted in
Gatun Lake. The details of the foreign shipments are as follows:
SHIPMENTS OF FISH AND FIsH Eacs To CANAL ZONE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1918.
eat d se SOCKCYCLSAINON™ ene sa a ee ee eggs__ 10, 000, 000
Japan:
CHINOOK eA INO eee er ee ee ee ee ee do=_— 100, 000
FERSRETAII OWE O UES eee a 2) ee ee doza3- 100, 000
Mexico:
Barzemnoutniblack, bass2ea2 221) os) ated. 2. Set bys fingerlings__ 750
MBOCLIO wes DOV Gis 10 wpe aoe oe Ne et ay oes a eee do.s== 200
Canal Zone:
areemnouth }Dlack~Dasss- soo. 25-3 sew eee do. 1, 000
ON ee ees Bk eT ey Pes AS EAST ee ETE 2 a 2 dont 1, 875
Oat fishise) fiate tate) Ne: isi itite Ol Feet BAM Bacal. ehh dovtess 3, 000
ST 5 1 en ee ae eee ee eee eee eee eee do<2=; 2, 000
160695°—20——2
14 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
The possibilities of increased fish-cultural work on the Great
Lakes, particularly on Lakes Erie and Ontario, as a result of more
intimate cooperation between the United States and Canada have
recently become more evident, and arrangements have been made by
which all available sources of egg supply will be exploited. Espe-
cially valuable during recent seasons has been the courteous action
of the fishery officials of Canada in opening to spawn takers from
the Cape Vincent station the whitefish spawning grounds in the Bay
of Quinte, Lake Ontario.
RESCUE OF STRANDED FISHES.
The important work of rescuing food fishes from landlocked waters
in districts of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers assumed a wider
scope and produced more noteworthy results than in previous years.
All of the important old fields were occupied and some new territory
was covered, the operations extending from Minnesota to Louisiana,
both States inclusive. The principal centers of rescue work were
Homer, Minn.; La Crosse, Wis.; Fairport, North McGregor, and
Bellevue, Iowa; Meredosia, Ill.; Friar Point, Miss.; and Baton
Rouge, La.
With a view to an increased output and a reduced unit cost several
valuable new features were introduced in 1918, including the station-
ing in the immediate vicinity of the rescuing parties of houseboats to be
used as living quarters for the fishing crews and improvements to
the tank equipment for the holding and hardening of fish intended
for transfer to distant points.
The number of food fishes rescued in the fiscal year 1918 was
25,970,041, as against 9,885,005 in 1917. The number of each of the
important species was as follows:
Blackbass| largemowtlin: Sevier smo bare se > see eee ee eS 365, 424
Black, Dbasss7smallmouth e222 a Se a he ee 2, 433
Wtea ons oe ee ee ee eee 2, 417, 052
Carpe so. Seen Soe ee 1, 660, T76
@aithishs,22ec. Bese sd Sb at eS eas 2 eee See ee 12, 718, 930
Grapple b2ne) sus? he eee DERE oh ee Sn ees 2, 899, 462
Drie oe we a enh EE aren: 88, 473
ho tC aoe = ae Ee aC ee ee en ee eee Geers 2S) Sea et Bee 106, 408
Pike ‘percha: soe fae a en hn Se ee ee es 1, 954
River. dherring 2322235208 he Bee ee ee 3, T00, 000
ECR ND SS as i ee la a 5, 940
SS URID ETS Ee a ee ee ee 1, 393, 835
Warmouth bass) 22. 2 See ee ee ee ee ee ee 7, 970
Wihite (bass) 222222222524 Sopa ee See ee 47, 261
Mellow. perch: ooo hee ease ee ee eee 458, 923
Miscellaneous. 2225235 S52 2 oe Se re eee es 100, 200
Mota | 22 ees SERS Ae eee Ae ee ere eee 25, 970, 041
A very large percentage of the fishes rescued are returned to the
adjacent open waters of the rivers and are not liable again to be
stranded for another year; meanwhile they will have increased in
size and economic value. Small numbers of these fishes of all species,
but particularly black bass, crappie, sunfish, and catfish, are used by
the Bureau in filling applications for stocking ponds, lakes, and
streams in the adjoining or remote States. The fish thus delivered
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 15
to applicants aggregated 692,732, or less than 3 per cent of the total
number handled.
The importance of this work arises from (1) its insignificant cost,
(2) the inevitable waste of the fishes unless they are salvaged, and
(8) the recognized edible qualities of all the fishes thus saved and
the great mass of wholesome food they represent. The results are
such as merit adequate financial support, so that the whole vast ter-
ritory may be adequately covered each year and every available young
food fish that would otherwise perish may be saved for ultimate con-
sumption by man.
ACCLIMATIZATION.
In November, 1917, a carload of adult eastern lobsters, numbering
6,000 equally divided as to sex, was sent from Boothbay Harbor, Me.,
via Bath, to Anacortes, Wash., in charge of Superintendent E. E.
Hahn. The lobsters arrived at their destination on November 13,
having been in transit since the 7th instant. The loss was only 5 per
cent, and the shipment was regarded as the most successful of its
kind. After a lot of 60 was reserved for experimental work, the lob-
sters, all in a very healthy, vigorous condition, were transferred to
live cars, towed to the San Juan Islands, and liberated at selected
oints.
F This was the sixth lot of adult lobsters sent by the Bureau to
Puget Sound in recent years in the effort to establish this valuable
creature on the Pacific Coast. In arranging for the shipment special
precautions were taken, not only in the selection of the stock, but
in the preparation of packing cases and material. The consignment
included only individuals that had been carefully hardened in ad-
vance. The experience of the previous year having demonstrated
the utility of a special barrel, built with shelves in the center at
intervals of 6 inches and provided with ice compartments on either
side, 40 such barrels, or a sufficient number to hold .ne-third of the
shipment, were constructed. The remaining lobsters were carried in
130 specially designed crates, two layers to the crate, and in 90 large
boxes having one layer each. All straw used for packing was first
immersed in strong brine. All the packages carried well, but the lob-
sters in the shallow boxes with brine-soaked straw were somewhat
stronger, and this method has apparently advantages over the others
and leaves little to be desired for long-distance shipments.
Arrangements are being made to conduct a thorough search for
eastern lobsters in Puget Sound, by setting regular lobster pots in
charge of competent fishermen. As showing the apparent adapta-
bility of the lobsters to these waters, it may be noted that those
reserved from the November shipment and retained in a live car at
Anacortes remained in excellent condition, taking culled canned
salmon regularly, and sustaining a loss of only four, until January
17, 1918, when they escaped during an unusually high tide.
Noteworthy results have attended the acclimatization of the hump-
back or pink salmon on the coast of Maine, and the possible economic
outcome appears to justify a continuance of the work.
From a shipment of 1,000,000 humpback eggs from Puget Sound
arriving at the Craig Brook station in November, 1917, 934,235 fry
16 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
were hatched in January; and during March and April the resulting
fingerlings were planted in Dennys and Pembroke Rivers, at points
2 to 4 miles above tidewater.
In August, September, and October, 1917, many thousand hump-
backs entered rivers in eastern Maine. A few fish were observed
or reported in Penobscot, St. George, Medomac, St. Croix, and other
streams, but the principal runs were in Dennys and Pembroke Rivers.
Several representatives of the Bureau visited streams in which the
humpbacks were reported and secured first-hand information regard-
ing the runs. Arrangements were made to take eggs for hatching
purposes, but the run at any given point was so short after the
arrival of the fish-culturist that only a few thousand eggs could be
obtained, most of the fish being spent. Net fishing at this season
is prohibited by the local law, and a considerable number of the fish
were able to spawn naturally, although the conditions for the passage
of fish up some of the streams could be greatly improved by the in-
stallation of fishways.
At the dam in Penobscot River at Bangor 10 humpbacks were cap-
tured between August 13 and 31. In Pembroke River, on September
27, at a time when the salmon were present by hundreds, the State
fish warden collected 25 specimens and placed them above the dam at
Pembroke. In Dennys River, in the vicinity of Dennysville, during
the week of September 29—October 6, at least 1,200 adult humpbacks
were seen and many more fish were known to be in the deep pools
and on the rips about 6 miles upstream from the head of tidewater.
Many fish congregated under,some large rafts of logs in that section
and could not be driven out, so that their number could not be esti-
mated. On one visit of a fish-culturist from the Craig Brook hatchery
about 50 fish were seen on the rips. Altogether, at least 2,000 fish
were observed in Dennys River and 500 in Pembroke River.
Some poaching on the part of the people living on the streams
occurred, and the pickling of humpbacks on Pembroke River was
reported, the fish having been taken with pitchforks. Some people
at Dennysville were reported to have been made ill by eating a hump-
back that had been picked up by a small boy as it drifted downstream
in a moribund condition after having spawned. The superintendent
of the Craig Brook station went among the river people and advised
them that these fish are not suitable for food when in spawning con-
dition and should be eaten only when taken in salt water or imme-
diately after coming in from the sea.
A number of specimens of humpbacks from Dennys River were
forwarded to Washington, and one of them, weighing 64 pounds and
22 inches in length has been on exhibition in the Secretary’s office.
The average weight of the fish observed by the Bureau’s agents was
about 5 pounds; the largest, a male, weighed 10 pounds 9 ounces, and
the smallest, a female, weighed 24 pounds. Some examples, together
with a collection of scales from others, have been examined by Dr.
Charles H. Gilbert, the well-known authority on the Pacific salmons,
and it is shown therefrom that the humpback in its new environment
retains its Pacific habit of proceeding to the ocean shortly after it
begins to swim and returning to the rivers to spawn and die when 2
years old.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 17
ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF FRESH-WATER MUSSELS.
The work of propagating fresh-water pearly mussels at various
places in the basin of the Mississippi River was conducted as usual
under the direction of the Fairport laboratory. The number of
young mussels (glochidia) liberated in a condition of parasitism on
fishes was 209,132,800, as compared with 252,478,700 in the fiscal year
1917. The decrease was largely accounted for by the fact that dur-
ing a considerable portion of the season most favorable for collecting
the fish hosts very few of the mussels were gravid. This was espe-
cially the case with the mucket, the principal mussel handled. The
tens of fishes infected prior to release was 252,259, of which
159,190 were seined in open waters, 83,982 were rescued from land-
locked pools and lakes, and 9,087 were propagated and reared at the
Fairport station.
Three new fields for mussel propagation were opened during the
year, namely, New Boston, IIl., on the Mississippi, a point on the
Ohio River near Louisville, and Lake Pokegama, Minn. The col-
lecting of juvenile mussels in Lake Pepin indicated that the arti-
ficial propagation of the local species of mucket in that water is pro-
ducing good results. Collecting done in the White River, Ark.,
yielded numbers of young niggerheads and yellow sandshells but no
muckets.
The cost of mussel propagation in 1918 was considerably in excess
of that in the previous year. The cost of glochidia planted was
$0.0536 per thousand, as compared with $0.373 per thousand in 1917.
The increased cost of equipment, material, and labor contributed
largely to the increased expense oi the propagation work. ‘This
computed cost of propagation includes salaries of permanent em-
ployees actually engaged, overhead charges, and depreciation of
$0.004 per thousand. The overhead charges include one-third the
director’s salary; one-half the superintendent’s salary, and one-half
the clerk’s salary.
The experimental propagation of mussels at the Fairport station
was continued. Especially gratifying results were obtained in one
pond, from which a total of 1,391 young of the Lake Pepin mucket
were obtained when drained October 8 to 16, 1917. These mussels
were the result of plants in the preceding season from fish held in
open-bottom crates over an especially prepared bottom of sand.
They varied considerably in size, measuring from about 1 inch to 24
inches in length, indicating that they resulted from several plants.
These results are especially important, as this is by far the largest
number of mussels ever reared under artificial conditions at one time.
Fish infected with this mucket had also been placed in crates in two
other ponds in the spring of 1917, and when these were drained in
the fall 382 mussels were recovered. Specimens resulting from a
plant made in 1914 continued to grow in the station ponds, and by
October, 1917, some had reached a length of more than 34 inches.
18 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
MUSSEL PROPAGATION, FiscaAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918—PoINTS oF DEPOSIT
AND SPECIES OF GLOCHIDIA PLANTED.
+ New Bos- 4
: Fairport :
: Fairport, t+ | ton, Mis- Lake Black
Species. Pokegama Missiesp? sissippi Pepin. River.
5 River.
Yellow sandshell (Lampsilis anodontoides) ..|.....seeee-2| 3,547,900 | 4,548,000 |..... Sieceph lec ose sees
Mucket (Lampsilis ligamentina) .......---.|..---0-e-0- 11, 758, 850 | 26,687, 400 |........-.-. 19, 296, 500
Butterfly \(Plagiola securis ese. abe caewedele.ceeesaeeee 38; 800) | SE 2 ioe). na eens Selene © | seem te eee
Lake Pepin mucket (Lampsilis luieola) . aw] 30, 417, 700 65; 0000 | Saee- ecm 91, 226, 800: |... =~...
Totals = 35s ASE. shh ect castes 30, 417, 700 | 15, 410,550 | 31, 235, 400 | 91,226,800 | 19, 296, 500
‘ Cumber- S
: White Lake Ohio
Species. se land fst Total.
River. icc: Keokuk. River
Yellow sandshell(Lampsilis anodontoides) . . 11, 000 15, 500 149 DOOR. ico ae &, 271, 600
Mucket (Lampsilis ligamentina)....-.. se Sse 1,797,000 | 2,338, 500 248,000 | 5,925,100 | 68, 051, 350
Butterfly (Plagioia securis)..........---.+6 518,000: |:..25. 528228 34, 000" Cds<8 tokses jy
Lake Pepin mucket (Lampsilis luteola)....|..-...-----e|sccccceccces 9 107, 200s) sonra eemes 131, 416, 600
Black sandshell (Lampsilis recta)....-...-. NGS Geo tl accescnosuec 225000) Saeeemoeenete 137, 825
Pocketbook (Lampsilis ventricosa).....-.-. 664,450) 1h; eo sei ruler ery: ee SEE sae €64, 650
Tota [OA eee FAS I SELES 3,105,975 | 2,354,000 | 10,160,800 | 5,925,100 | 209, 132, 825
INVESTIGATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS REGARDING AQUATIC
PRODUCTS.
MODIFICATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORK.
The conditions of war have necessarily led to marked modifications
of the Bureau’s general plan of scientific work. Efforts have been
devoted primarily to such studies or practical experiments as could
be expected to contribute promptly to the increase of the supply of
food or other useful aquatic products, but there has been no exclusion
of biological and chemical investigations which have to do chiefly
with our preparation for meeting the problems that will confront the
Nation after the war. An outline of the scope of the chief investiga-
tions and other work appropriately associated with the scientific in-
quiries, and in some cases the actual results obtained, are briefly
summarized.
EXPERIMENTS RELATING TO THE. PRESERVATION OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.
An important phase of the Bureau’s scientific work is the solving
of problems in the preservation of fishes for food. No more useful
service for the prevention of waste and the promotion of the use of
aquatic foods can be rendered than by ascertaining the conditions
leading to spoilage of fresh and cured fish and by discovering more
effective methods of preservation. Especially is it important to find
means of treatment or of preservation which are suited to the fishes
that can not be adequately utilized by old methods or are adapted to
climatic or transportation conditions under which the common
means of preservation fail of their purpose.
Principal among investigations of this character are the experi-
ments in the preservation of fresh fishes by methods of desiccation.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 19
Similar modes of preservation have established their efficiency for
the preservation of vegetables both in the home and in the industries.
Dried salt fish are well known in the market, but under the climatic
conditions prevailing in the United States the sun-drying of fresh
fish has not proved commercially feasible.
Drying of fresh fish—W orking in the Woods Hole laboratory during
the summer of 1917 an investigator conducted experiments in drying
various species of fresh fish and squid. Domestic fruit driers, steam-
heated fish driers, driers with air heated by means other than steam,
driers which force air over the fish at varying temperature, and the
methods and limitations of sun-drying were tried.
Several species of fish, including cod, haddock, and whiting, have
been successfully prepared for commerce by preliminary steaming,
picking the meat from the bones and skin, passing through a meat
chopper, and drying in commercial fish driers. Further ‘experi-
ments may lead to improvements of methods from the viewpoints of
economy in production and appearance of the product. Experi-
ments in rehydration of the dried product have also been conducted.
Methods of desiccation have obvious advantages over other
methods of preservation in the saving of storage space, in economy
of transportation, and in the indefinite preservation of the product
without continuous expense. It is also true in some cases, at least,
that there is much less waste of soluble nutritive substances, and that
the natural flavors may be better maintained.
The results in the case of squid are noteworthy. Squid, in the
drying process, is reduced to broad, thin sheets of inviting appear-
ance which may be chopped to form chowder or soup stock. There
is a characteristic and particularly agreeable flavor which, together
with the very high protein content, promises much for the eventual
addition of the squid to the American dietary. Subsequent experi-
ments have shown that the tenderness of the product is much im-
proved by steam cooking before the squid is dried. While squid can
be conveniently canned, the process of canning fails to preserve the
characteristic flavor so well as the method of desiccation. The pala-
tability of the squid has been so thoroughly tested by people of
many Asiatic and European countries that one must consider the
lack of acquaintance with it as the only bar to its use by Americans.
Important facts of practical value that have now been definitely
determined are: (1) The toughness of the meat is overcome by
methods of steam cooking and drying, after which the squid can be
kept for an indefinite period without deterioration; (2) the excellent
flavor and delicate aroma are not lost by the methods of drying or
by subsequent cooking by proper methods, such as by boiling over a
hot fire or by stewing for a short time in a small amount of hot water
and serving in the juice in which it was cooked.
Bacteriology of preserved fish.—In the field of bacteriology, inves-
tigations have been directed first at determining if bacteria play an
important part in the initial stages of decompositon of fish during
storage in ice. Freshly caught fish of several types were stored in
ice boxes similar to those in use in the average fish market, and at
regular intervals some were removed and the muscle tissue was sub-
jected to bacteriological examinations to determine the number of
aerobic bacteria present that would develop at 22° and 37° C. in both
90 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
plain and fish agar. The following conclusions were drawn from
the experiments: (1) Fresh muscle tissue is practically sterile;
(2) drawn fish show more bacteria than undrawn fish as the period
of storage in ice progresses and in a shorter time; (3) undrawn fish
stored for a period of two or three weeks in ice and totally unfit for
food showed relatively few bacteria; (4) autolysis seems to play a
more important part than bacteria in the initial stages of the decom-
position of fish stored in ice.
Further studies relate to organisms which cause the “ reddening ”
of salt fish, especially of the cod, a condition which detracts from the
appearance of the fish, diminishes the market value of the product,
and causes serious economic waste. After a period of preliminary
studies in the laboratory during the early part of the year, it was
determined to transfer the work to the seat of industrial operations
at a principal fishing port. The conditions determining the preva-
lence of this infection, for such it is, are now pretty x. ell understood,
and it is believed that the solution of the problem of preventing the
infection is about to be realized.
Miscellaneous investigations of problems of preservation.—Other
scientific investigations of immediately practical application have
related to the salting and smoking of shark meat, the utilization of
grayfish eggs through the preparation of a soluble acid albumen, the
extraction of the oil from grayfish eggs, the preparation of gelatin
from the heads, fins, and tails of the grayfish, and the relation of
ammonia production in the grayfish to the corroding of tin. The
alleged toxic qualities of the roe of the garfish have been studied both
from chemical and physiological points of view, and some experi-
ments have been made to determine the origin of a certain objection-
able flavor which is said to characterize caviar prepared from the roe
of the carp. None of these investigations has as yet reached a point
justifying the publication of results.
The more directly scientific investigations have been supplemented
by practical trials of the preservation of fish in various ways, and in
some cases important results have been obtained in the application
of old methods to new fishes. The demonstrations associated with
such trials have been productive of much good, not only through
instruction of fishermen in the use of approved methods of preser-
vation which were previously unknown or unused in certain locali-
ties, but, as well, through the education of fishermen with reference
to the value of extreme care in the adaptation of commercial methods
to the particular species of fish, to the local or seasonal conditions,
and to the demands of the market which it is intended to supply.
The scientific assistants in the regular employ of the Bureau and
the specialists from without who have associated themselves tempor-
arily with the Government fisheries service have taken an active and
effective part in the work of propaganda or public education in the
more general and more intelligent use of fish as food. In such work
these men of science render a particularly valuable service, because
they can speak or write without bias and with a knowledge of the
nutritive value of fish food and its appropriate place in the diet.
The Bureau has had ample evidence that the public generally has
appreciated such service and that it has responded in a practical
way to the counsel which has been offered.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 21
Although culinary demonstrations are not strictly a part of the
scientific inquiries, nevertheless it has been found impossible to dis-
sociate them from the work of investigation. In some cases skilled
cooks have been engaged in association with the investigators or in-
dependently, and demonstrations have been given at State or county
fairs, before women’s organizations, or men’s clubs, or in open meet-
ings, whenever the public could be most effectively reached. In this
way it has been possible to bridge completely and promptly the com-
mon gap between the discovery of useful facts and the final practical
application in the individual household of the knowledge gained.
In such public services the Bureau has been enabled to cooperate with
various bureaus of the Department of Agriculture, notably with the
States Relations Service and with the United States Food Admin-
istration.
The lack of vessels for offshore investigations has made it impos-
sible to make explorations of oceanic fishing grounds. Reference
may be made, however, to an investigation of an alleged waste of
fishes on the coast of Cape Cod. It was learned that certain kinds
of fishes, especially the whiting, were being taken in the trap nets
in quantities far in excess of the capacities of the cold-storage plants,
as well as of the market demand for fresh fish of these kinds. The
Bureau, therefore, took steps with some success to encourage the
preservation of such fishes and to stimulate a public demand for the
prepared product.
INVESTIGATIONS RELATING TO SOURCES OF SUPPLY.
The carp has.long been the most important commercial fish living
exclusively in fresh waters. There has been a good demand for carp
in the principal cities, and, because of the increased demand for fish
which has developed during the recent food shortage, the prices of
carp have risen to relatively high figures. Nearly all of the carp for
market have been shipped from a few States in the Middle West.
Nevertheless, carp is known to occur in abundance over a large part
of the country. In many waters carp has only a relative abundance
and could not be counted on as a source of supply for commercial
fishery. Nevertheless, these small supplies in the aggregate consti-
tute a considerable quantity of food, and. if they were more generally
used in local markets, a substantial reduction would result in the
quantity of other foods it would be necessary to import into the sev-
eral communities.
It is commonly recognized that when prepared in an offhand man-
ner the carp makes a table dish of inferior quality. It is not so
generally known that when properly prepared and served the carp
takes a very favorable rank among other food fishes. In the effort to
popularize this fish, the Bureau has prepared and published an
economic circular giving an account of the food value of the carp,
with recipes for its proper preparation. Effective posters were also
given wide distribution directing attention to this neglected resource
and bearing information that the circulars could be had on applica-
tion to the Bureau.
Believing that there were supplies of carp in some of the southern
States sufficient to support a commercial fishery, the Bureau under-
22 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
took a special investigation of the subject in the waters of South
Carolina as typical of the conditions in several southern States. The
survey covered a period of several months and involved many ex-
periments or fishing trials intended to determine the proper sorts of
gear to use under the varying local conditions. The results of the
survey may be summarized as follows:
The “upstate” waters will support only limited commercial fish-
eries and the output of these may be consumed locally; much local
interest was found among farmers and others who possessed some
sort of equipment for catching fish which they were unable to use
because of the severe legal restrictions upon the fishery. The larger
rivers, especially in their lower courses, offer favorable opportuni-
ties for the development of larger commercial fisheries. It 1s prob-
able that fishing for carp in rivers near the coast for shipment to
northern markets will prove distinctly profitable, especially if, as
expected, the carp can be taken successfully during the winter
months, when the conditions for transportation are at the best and
the market prices are most attractive. Local fishermen witnessed and
participated in the fishing trials.
An incidental result of the experiments and the inquiries associated
therewith was the preparation of a paper treating of the methods of
capturing carp commercially under different conditions. The in-
formation thus furnished will be applicable in all parts of the coun-
try where unutilized carp resources exist.
Other investigations have been directed toward locating beds of sea
mussels on the North Atlantic coast which will support a commercial
fishery of importance, and toward completing surveys of the sea-mus-
sel resources of the coast of California and the shellfish resources of
the northwest coast.
EXPERIMENTAL FISH CULTURE.
The investigations and experiments conducted at the fisheries
biological station at Fairport, Iowa, and directed toward the estab-
lishment of a more scientific foundation for fish culture in ponds,
have continued to yield interesting and useful results. Both the
buffalofish and the channel catfish have again responded satisfac-
torily to the attempts at propagation in ponds.
A comprehensive study has been made of the abundance, life his-
tory, habits, and importance of many species of dragon-flies and
damsel-flies in fish ponds. In their relation to fish it is learned that
while the larve feed to some extent upon the same kinds of food as
some fishes, they also subsist to a considerable degree upon animals
that are directly harmful to fish; and while, under stress of hunger,
they occasionally eat small fishes, they themselves afford an abundant
food supply for fish. Although the nonaquatic adults sometimes
prey upon beneficial insects, the larger part of their subsistence com-
prises positively injurious insects. The dragon-flies and damsel-flies
have a distinct economic importance in their effect upon the balance
of life both within and without the ponds.
Studies of aquatic plants in relation to fish culture are making
satisfactory progress and are contributing to the desired fund of
knowledge regarding the utility of both the higher and the lower
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 23
forms of plant life. Such investigations are of fundamental import-
ance because all food of fish is provided through the medium of
plants. There can be no fish or animal life except as the inorganic
materials are converted by green plants into materials that are “suit-
able for the food of animals. Fish are thus dependent upon plant
life whether they forage directly upon the plants or subsist upon
smaller animals that derive their food directly or indirectly from the
vegetation. But some plants are more useful than others, and some
are undoubtedly injurious in their effects upon ponds. It is neces-
sary, therefore, that previous knowledge be obtained regarding the
biological and economic relations of the various forms of plant life
within the fish pond.
A significant anatomical study of the salmon, conducted princi-
pally in the Washington laboratory, has brought to light previously
unrecognized facts regarding the structure of the reproductive or-
gans and the normal manner of extrusion of the eggs. These facts
are found to have a direct bearing upon fish-cultural practices, and
they dictate the necessity for certain changes in method and for ex-
treme care in the handling and stripping of spawning trout and
eastern salmon in order that the loss of eggs and permanent injury
to the breeding fish may be avoided.
Reference may be made to an investigation of the possibility of
utilizing the abandoned rice fields of South Carolina and Georgia
for the culture of carp on a commercial scale.
INVESTIGATIONS AND PRACTICAL WORK IN ANTIMALARIAL CAMPAIGNS.
With the measures which are generally relied upon for the control
of the abundance of mosquitoes and the eradication of malaria, this
Bureau has no direct concern. They lie within the domain of sani-
tation and entomology. It may be said, however, that it has become
very clear to all concerned that under many conditions the direct
methods of sanitary science generally employed in combating the
mosquito, whether physical, chemical, or engineering, either are not
practicable of application, or else, when applied, fail of accomplish-
ing the desired purpose. It has been found necessary in many cases
to rely to a great extent upon nature’s method of controlling the
abundance of organisms through their competitors and enemies. It
is well known, however, that nature’s control of the abundance of
mosquitoes, as ‘of other animals and plants generally, is relative and
not absolute. The problem in this case is to find means of making
the enemies of mosquito larvee dominant over their natural prey, of
making them efficient in the extermination of the larve of anophelid
mosquitoes at least.
The problem is primarily within the domain of aquatic biology
and concerns especially the small mosquito-eating fishes and other
associates; and in this problem, in its phases both of investigation
and of practical work, the assistance of the Bureau of Fisheries has
ue solicited by the Bureau of Entomology and the Public Health
ervice.
The cooperation with the Public Health Service has been prin-
cipally in the urgent task of protecting the health of soldiers in one
of the large southern cantonments. The plan of work comprised
24 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
the use of all available means of protecting and increasing the supply
of top minnows (Gambusia) in the area under protection, and the
careful observation of the effectiveness of these and other fishes in
the extermination of mosquito larve. To increase the number of
minnows in the extra-cantonment area, propagation was resorted to
and fish were also brought in from places outside of the protected
area. As the top minnows were found to be a favorite live bait in
angling, the cooperation of the public was sought and received
through the use of posters, placed at or near the various small ponds,
bearing a warning that the small fish were given protection as a
health measure.
It has been fully demonstrated that the small fishes are in many
cases most effective agents for the control of mosquitoes, but it has
also been positively ascertained that the efficiency of fish even when
present in abundance is by no means universal and complete. Much
depends upon the physical and biological conditions in the water,
such as the presence of débris and of plants of various species, wave
action, fluctuations of level, and various other factors. There is, as
yet, lacking the degree of knowledge necessary to define fully the
conditions under which fish are effective, or to govern the change
of conditions so as.to make the fish as efficient as is desired. It is
with reference to securing a sure foundation of knowledge concerning
the relations of fish and mosquito larve that the campaign of obser-
vation and experiment in cooperation with the Bureau of Entomol-
ogy was undertaken two years ago at Mound, La., as mentioned in
previous reports. The investigations at Mound have been continued
actively and bid fair to make substantial contributions to knowledge
which will be of direct and decisive importance in the future conduct
of antimalarial compaigns.
DISEASES AND PARASITES OF FISHES.
The Bureau has given special attention to the diseases of fishes as
bearing upon the loss of fish in hatcheries, fish ponds, and public
waters. While the subject is broad and the problems arising are
difficult and tedious of solution, substantial progress has, neverthe-
less, been made during the year in the study of some of the affections
to which fish are subjected in artificial and natural bodies of water.
A new parasite of the buffalofish—aAn investigator of the Fish-
eries Biological Station at Fairport, Iowa, has discovered a new and
evidently important form of trematode worm which infests buffalo-
fish in ponds. The life history of the parasite has been definitely
worked out and is briefly as follows:
The adult trematode, living in the alimentary tract of the buffalo-
fish, expels its eggs, which pass out into the water. From each of
these eggs, which are “laid” during the late summer, there hatches
in the fall a ciliated embryo (mericidium), which swims in the water
until it finds a snail of the species: Planorbis trivolvis. Into this
snail it works its way and eventually encysts in its host’s liver. In
the usual manner it grows and multiplies there during the winter and
spring, and in summer emerges from the snail as a tailed and styleted
cercaria. This larva can live for several hours in the water, but
must find a May fly larva for its second intermediate host, into which
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 25
it bores and encysts just beneath the cuticle. If the buffalofish eats
the imrected larva it obtains the young parasite, which very rapidly
develops and assumes in the late summer the adult form ready to
expel its eggs. The association of the buffalofish, the snail, and the
May fly larva seems to be essential for the perpetuation of the para-
site. The probable importance of the form is suggested by the fact
that a serious mortality occurred among the fishes that were so
infested.
The life history of a trematode parasite of the bluegill sunfish was
also investigated. It is found in the larval stage in that fish and in
the adult stage in the kingfisher.
Investigation of protozoan parasites.—Investigations of protozoan
parasites at the Bureau’s station at Fairport, Iowa, during the sum-
mers of 1916 and 1917 produced interesting results which promise
to be of practical value to fish culture. The myxosporidia are quite
common on fish from the Mississippi River, and evidence seems to
prove that they are to a degree seasonal in occurrence. Under cer-
tain conditions they may cause serious injury to the host, but in the
case of the buffalofish, and possibly of other species, it is believed
that danger from infection in ponds might be lessened by a proper
rotation of the fish in a series of ponds, as the young seem to become
infected from the adults placed in the same pond to spawn.
A hitherto undescribed species of coccidia is believed to have
caused the death of young carp after transference from one of the
ponds to hatchery troughs, as an exceptionally heavy infection of
the intestines with these parasites was associated with a serious de-
gree of mortality. Although infection of the pond fish with the
ciliate parasites Ichthyophthirius, Chilodon, and Cyclocheta was
quite common, a much heavier infection after transference of the
fish from the ponds to the tank house, probably induced by change
of environment, would seem to indicate that these parasites have been
largely responsible for the previous heavy mortality of the fish in
the tanks.
Peculiar disease in brook trout.—At a commercial hatchery in
Rhode Island a peculiar disease of brook trout caused the loss of a
large number of fish. The diseased fish at first became apathetic,
then turned black and became blind. Just before death the fish
would dart jerkily through the water for a time, losing equilibrium
toward the last. As the result of the experiments conducted under
the guidance of the fish pathologist of the Bureau, the cause of this
unusual affection of trout was traced to the nonoil substances in lin-
seed meal, the latter being a constituent of the food then used at this
hatchery. The harmful effects of the linseed meal are believed to be
due to action of a cyanogenetic glucoside or its decomposition prod-
ucts, though the actual proof will require further experimentation.
Miscellaneous studies of disease and parasites—During the year
a serious condition of diminished vitality and disease of the blue pike
was reported from several points on Lake Erie. Specimens of fish
received from Cleveland, Ohio, were found to be unusually heavily
infected with a species of parasitic copepod (identified as Hrgasilus
centrarchidarum), which is known to occur abundantly on perch,
sunfish, and bass, but is not generally found in numbers on blue
pike and saugers. The fact of the peculiar abundance of parasites
26 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
on this particular species was held to indicate that some other condi-
tion had diminished the powers of resistance of the fish and made
them an easier prey to parasites. There was some evidence of mal-
nutrition and internal disorders, but investigation in the limited
time available failed to reveal the original cause of the trouble.
A systematic examination of the parasites of fishes in Oneida Lake,
N. Y., was made in cooperation with the biological department of
the New York School of Forestry, but the study of the material
obtained has not yet been completed. Further comprehensive study
of the internal parasites of marine fishes was made in connection
with the Woods Hole, Mass., laboratory.
Visits by the fish pathologist of the Bureau were made to various
Government and commercial hatcheries for the purpose of inquiring
into the cause of mortality and of offering suggestions for the pre-
vention of loss by disease.
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIONS.
While the scientific work has been restricted generally to matters
relating to the winning of the war, the Bureau has, nevertheless. con-
tinued several investigations which are of great ultimate importance
and could not be interrupted without unwarranted sacrifice. Some of
these investigations that have not reached a stage for report may be
mentioned as follows: The intimate study of the habits and propaga-
tion of salmon of Pacific waters; problems of the oyster industry; the
properties of the roe of certain fishes alleged to be toxic or distaste-
ful; systematic relations, habits, and migrations of salmonoid fishes in
the Great Lakes; the utilization of marine alge; biological and
physical conditions of fish life in inclosed waters; the distribution
and habits of pelagic fishes off southern California. Among others
the following may be cited:
Nature of “ fat” oysters—Technical studies have shown conclu-
sively that so-called “fat” oysters are rich, not in fats, but in
glycogen, a carbohydrate food. The processes of “ fattening ” must,
then, be based upon conditions favoring glycogen formation. The
place of oysters in the dietary is not just the same as that of meats
and fish. which are eaten for their protein and fat content. Oysters
furnish protein, but little fat, and, if they are in prime condition, they
also furnish a significant amount of carbohydrate material, such as
is usually made up by the cereal and vegetable elements of the dietary.
Protection of wood against marine borers—The experiments and
studies on this subject, which have been conducted in cooperation
with the Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, Wis., and the
Bureau of Forestry, have been practically completed as regards the
use of creosote oils. Some of the results have been published inde-
pendently by the investigators. Since the conclusions will be useful
to all those who are directly concerned with the use of wood in the
waters of warmer latitudes, they may be summarized in the words of
the investigators, as follows:
1. The toxicity of creosote fractions decreases as the boiling point
rises; that is, the creosote and its distillates, arranged in the order
of decreasing toxicities, are: Fraction I, fraction II, creosote, frac-
tion III, fraction IV, fraction V. The high toxicity of fraction IT,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. a
which is solid with naphthalene, was probably due mainly to tar
acids.
2. The creosote light oils are definitely poisonous for the borers.
Benzol is the most and xylol is the least toxic. The toxicity of toluol
lies between these two.
3. The tar acids are all highly poisonous to the borers. Their
toxicity steadily increases with rise in molecular weight; that is, ar-
ranged in order of increasing toxicity, they are: Phenol, the cresols,
and the naphthols. The three isomeric cresols, which exert practi-
cally the same degree of toxic action, are about twice as poisonous as
carbolic acid; while the two naphthols, also equally toxic, are 10 or
more times as poisonous as phenol.
4. 'Tar-base fractions all show a high toxicity for the borers. and
this toxicity increases with rise of boiling point of the fractions.
Pure quinoline, boiling at 239° C., is several times as poisonous as
pyridine, with a boiling point of 115° C. The toxicities of the tar
bases are fairly comparable with those of tar acids of approximately
the same boiling points.
5. In comparison with the tar acids or bases or even the lighter
hydrocarbon oils, the solid hydrocarbons of creosote are only very
slightly toxic. Arranged in the order of decreasing effectiveness,
they are naphthalene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, and anthracene.
Naphthalene is perhaps five times as toxic as anthracene.
It has apparently been assumed that the more poisonous a creosote
oil is the more effectively will it prevent attacks of marine borers. It
will be noted, however, that the conclusions drawn from these direct
toxicity tests, especially with reference to creosote and its fraction-
ates, are diametrically opposed to the conclusions drawn from the
sevice tests above; that is, the highest boiling fraction, which was
the least poisonous, stood up the best in actual service. It has been
pointed out that the principal object is to prevent an original attack
ot the larval shipworm when it is of but microscopic size. Heavy
treatments with a proper type of creosote will still prove inadequate
as long as areas of superficially treated sapwood, heartwood, knots,
etc., are left exposed for the lodgment of shipworm larve.
The investigators conclude that a proper creosote oil for marine
work should contain a large proportion of constituents boiling above
320° C., as well as considerable amounts of high-boiling tar acids
and bases.
Marine alge of the Pacific Coast—Through the cooperation of a
specialist from the University of California, marine alge have been
collected on the Pacific Coast from Grays Harbor, Wash., to Sitka,
Alaska. Many new forms were discovered and the range of species
previously known was extended. Of about 875 species previously
reported on the Pacific Coast of North America from Mexico to
Bering Sea about half are now represented in a collection prepared
for the Bureau which will be deposited in the National Museum.
Interest in the marine alge arises from the intimate relations ex-
isting between them and the fishes and shellfishes; from the signifi-
cance of marine plants as ultimate sources of organic material in
the sea, and thus as an indirect source of food for fishes; and from
the fact that the alge are resources useful in some cases for human
food and in others as the basic material for potash, iodine, gelatin,
hel REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
and other products useful in the arts and industries. The marine
alge, although the use of certain groups has recently been greatly
increased, may in general be regarded as neglected resources in the
United States.
WORK AT THE FISHERIES LABORATORIES.
The use of the marine laboratories at Beaufort, N. C., and Woods
Hole, Mass., for naval purposes has necessarily restricted the work of
the Bureau thereat. During the early part of the fiscal year, before
the Beaufort station had been turned over to the Navy, the labora-
tory served as a base for practical experiments in the preservation of
fish by methods of salting and smoking, and for propaganda both
among fishermen of the near-by coast and among consumers in the
interior of the State, directed at better utilization of the local fish
supply for food.
At this station also there was completed early in the year the field
work of the investigation pertaining to the use of creosote oils for
the protection of wood against marine borers, the results of which
are referred to elsewhere. The Bureau has now entirely discontinued
its operations at this place, with the exception of experiments in per-
fecting the culture of the diamond-back terrapin.
The Woods Hole, Mass., laboratory was employed during the early
part of the fiscal year for experiments and investigations relating to
the preparation of fish and bacteriological studies of fish tissues.
Further attention was given also to the nutrition of oysters, the
parasites of fishes, and the food of young fishes in local waters.
At the marine station at Key West, Fla., two buildings of small
size have been constructed, one affording necessary living accommo-
dations for some of the employees, and another space for the pumping
equipment and for a provisional laboratory. These, with the canal
and pool for water supply largely completed during this and the pre-
ceding year, are regarded as among the most essential requirements
for the effective prosecution of work. The difficulties of obtaining
labor and materials and the very high prices prevailing have made it
unavoidable that progress in construction should be slow. Under the
present conditions and with the limited funds available, further con-
structions are not contemplated. In spite of the inadequate equip-
ment, an effective beginning of the scientific work of this station has
been made. Useful information has been gathered regarding the
fishes of the region, and the studies and experiments with the spiny
lobster have yielded information that is interesting and promising of
practical usefulness.
At the Fairport, Iowa, laboratory the investigation of mussel
problems and the various studies relating to fish-cultural work, else-
where referred to, were continued with satisfactory progress. The
results of mussel propagation are given in another place. The Bu-
reau suffered a severe loss at this station through the accidental de-
struction by fire of the main laboratory building in the early morning
of December 20, 1917. Besides the building there were lost a library
which, though small, had been assembled with much care, and val-
uable scientific records and natural history specimens. Fortunately
the water-supply system and the smaller buildings remained un-
harmed, so that many phases of the important work of the station
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES, 29
could be continued without interruption. Congress has provided an
appropriation for the erection of a fireproof building to replace the
original building, which was of frame construction. At the close of
the fiscal year plans for the new laboratory were nearing completion.
RELATIONS WITH THE FISHING INDUSTRIES.
INCREASING THE CONSUMPTION OF AQUATIC FOODS.
It is possible to record more active and effective work than in any
previous year in making the American people better acquainted with
the merits and availability of our aquatic resources as food and in
pointing out sources of supply. This work has assumed a wide scope
and many phases, but the primal effort and purpose have been to in-
crease public reliance on such resources as staple articles of food, to
dissipate unwarranted prejudices, and to cause the discontinuance of
wasteful practices in the utilization of water products.
The Bureau is fully cognizant of the important service it can and
should render the fishing industries, by determining and making
known the suitability of many of our fishes to new and untried
methods of preservation; by sending trained experts to the fishing
centers to give instruction in those methods which prove meritori-
ous; by improving methods in common practice and discouraging the
use of unsatisfactory methods; by introducing into our fisheries use-
ful foreign methods and processes; by increasing the use of the little-
used or neglected fishes and fishery products; by developing methods
of preparation and new uses for the waste products of the fisheries;
by furnishing to fishermen and others practical advice relative to
special equipment required for new methods and processes that may
be in contemplation; and by contributing by all available means to
the upbuilding of the fisheries, while at the same time safeguarding
these resources from possible depletion or exhaustion.
During the past year the demands on the fishing resources of the
country have been of such magnitude that the Bureau has found an
unprecedented opportunity for rendering service in the field of en-
deavor before outlined. It has devoted all possible energies to the
solution of those problems which promised the largest and most im-
mediate results, and has diverted men and funds to work of this
character in so far as it was possible so to do. The small available
force of trained assistants has been the principal factor in limiting
the activities. The meager funds allowed by Congress for this work
have been supplemented by the special allotment elsewhere referred to.
Aid has been rendered in developing markets for such inadequately
used or partly neglected fishes as the herring of Alaska, bowfin, bur-
bot, carp, crevalles, drum, elops, eulachon, grayfish, gizzard shad,
jewfish, menhaden, rays, redfish, river herrings, robalo, rockfishes,
sablefish, sea catfishes, sea robins, sharks, skates, tarpon, and tilefish;
such aquatic mammals as dolphins, porpoises, and whales; and such
neglected food products as fish roe and milt. For some species the
Bureau has developed new and suitable methods of preservation, dis-
couraged the practice of unprofitable methods, and assisted in solv-
ing difficulties which were obstructive to the full use of the product.
One of the agents has devoted his entire time to a study of prac-
tical problems of the west-coast fisheries. This work has been pro-
160695°—20——3
30 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
ductive of much good, and has enabled the Bureau to render more
effective service in this field. Another of its agents has been con-
ducting a campaign of education in the Middle West as to the merits
of the South Atlantic and Gulf coast fishes which can be supplied
in large quantities. In cooperation with other Government agencies,
the Bureau has been instrumental in bringing Gulf coast fishes into
Tennessee, Kentucky, and Indiana in carload lots at a time when it
was difficult to obtain in that region satisfactory supplies of fresh
fish at reasonable cost. Within two months of the inauguration of
this service, about 200,000 pounds of fish were shipped and plans
are being perfected for the extension of this kind of service to other
sections.
In order to bring newly introduced fishes or other products to the
attention of the consuming public, it is necessary to conduct a sys-
tematic and well-sustained advertising campaign. By the issuance
and wide distribution of posters and placards devoted to particular
fishes, by having the newer products tested by workers skilled in
cookery to determine the best methods of preparation for the table,
and by the printing, in inexpensive form, of cook books embodying
the results of tests, the Bureau has been able to interest a large
number of people in the merits of water products with which they
were not previously acquainted. A still more direct appeal to the
public has been the employment of well-qualified demonstrators for
the purpose of educating housewives in fish cookery, teaching them
to recognize the qualities of each kind of fish and prepare it in
the manner best suited to its character, and showing how to utilize
heads, bones, and other waste parts for savory sauces, soups, and
chowders. On the Pacific coast the demonstrations have been ex-
ceedingly popular and well patronized, and local fish dealers report
much larger sales of cheaper fish in consequence of this work. Plans
are being perfected for the extension of this service to other parts
of the country.
Tt has, as yet, been possible to form no reliable estimate of the
actual results of the campaigns for the introduction of bowfin, drum,
eulachon, menhaden, sharks, roe and buckroe, mussels, etc.; but, on
the basis of fresh weight, it is known that upward of 32,500,000
pounds of burbot, grayfish, sablefish, tilefish, whiting, and Scotch-
cured Alaska herring were marketed in 1917, and most of this quan-
tity can be attributed to the recent activities of the Bureau.
Among the products in whose behalf there were special activities
the following may be mentioned:
Fish roe and buckroe—The eggs of such fishes as the sturgeon and
spoonbill catfish, or paddlefish, are made into caviar, which 1s classed
among the most valuable of our fishery products. The roes of vari-
ous others, such as cod, haddock, mullet, river herring, shad, and
whitefish, are quite extensively used for food, either fresh, salted, or
canned. On the other hand, large quantities of roe, and practically
all of the buckroe or milt of marketed fishes, are wasted. These are
essentially nitrogenous foods, with a considerable quantity of fat,
and differ in composition but little from the flesh of the fish. They
do, however, contain a larger quantity of an important constituent of
food, organic phosphorous, in the form of lecithin. The buckroe, or
milt roe, of the male, which corresponds to the egg mass of the female
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. ot
and is sometimes called soft roe, as shown by analysis, compares
favorably in food value with the roe and flesh of the fish. This
is an excellent product, a delicate and palatable food, which lends
itself to preparation in all the ways in which sweetbreads and brains
are served. These products may be used fresh or canned.
The Bureau has encouraged fishermen to pack these products, has
aided in the marketing of such stocks as have been accumulated, and
is educating the public to their merits. In addition to the usual
pecks of roe of various fishes, small quantities of the buckroe of the
river herring, sea herring, and cod have been put up and prepara-
tions have been made for the pack of the buckroe of other species in
season. Now that the packers are beginning to appreciate the quality
of the product and the fact that it can be marketed, it is believed
that much larger packs will be put up in the future.
River herring or alewives—The deliaty for these species is of
great importance in the Chesapeake Bay region and the sounds of
North Carolina. The Bureau has given considerable attention to
the development of much-needed improvements in the methods of
handling and preservation of the catch, and has emphasized the
importance of the packers adopting these measures. Experiments in
Scotch curing indicated that these fish, preserved in this manner,
will nat yield a high-grade product. They may be preserved as
Russian sardines, but are slightly inferior to the sea herring because
of their larger size and lower fat content. Some of the fish were
experimentally canned in tomato sauce, mustard sauce, and vinegar.
The addition of the tomato sauce greatly improves the quality of the
fish, and, if the packers will overcome the present difficulty of shrink-
age in the can and process the fish carefully with the addition of the
sauce, it is the consensus of opinion that a product of high quality,
acceptable to the trade, can be produced. Fish soused in brine made
of vinegar, salt, and sugar, in the proportion of about 18 pounds of
salt, 6 pounds of sugar, and 8 quarts of pure grain spirit vinegar to
24 quarts of water, then smoked lightly and canned were very pala-
table. Because of the added expense and labor, it may not be
practicable to pack the fish by this method for market. It is
unfortunate that not all of the packers appreciate the importance of
packing only sound fish, under sanitary conditions, which must be
done if the fishery is to continue to thrive.
Menhaden.—The menhaden is one of the most abundant species in
our Atlantic coastal waters. It has been used almost solely for con-
version into fish oil and fertilizer, and the catch for this purpose has
in a single year amounted to over 1,000,000,000 fish, weighing more
than 635,000,000 pounds. The possibilities of this fish as a material
factor in our food supply are obvious. Small quantities of fresh
menhaden are eaten by the fishermen and small numbers are some-
times included with shipments of miscellaneous fresh fish to our
larger cities. The number marketed in this manner is increasing.
In New York City during September, 1917, 29,638 pounds of the
fresh fish were marketed, and in October, 33,379 pounds. Consider-
able quantities were marketed in Washington City in the autumn of
1917, as many as 50 barrels (about 10,000 pounds) having been sold
at the wharves in one day. During the fall fishing for menhaden
in the Chesapeake Bay region, each fisherman on the menhaden boats
32 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
is privileged to salt for winter use a barrel of select menhaden and
many of the fishermen avail themselves of this privilege. Experi-
ments conducted by the Bureau indicate that this fish can be rendered
very palatable by salting and smoking, and also that it makes an
acceptable canned food.
Sharks.—The value of sharks as food has been recognized in the
countries bordering on the Mediterranean, in Great Britain, in Japan,
and in many other countries. Until recently their use for food in
the United States has been limited mainly to seafaring people in
scattered localities, and to the markets of some of our larger cities,
where they are not infrequently sold under the name of more highly
valued fishes. The number of markets offering these fishes for sale is
increasing, and more and more of the product is being sold for what
1t is.
The flesh is white, slightly gelatinous, and compares favorably in
food value with other staple food fishes and meats. The flesh of the
young and of the smaller varieties, such as the grayfish, common to
our coastal waters, is very good fresh. The flesh of the larger sharks
may be salted, smoked or kippered, salted and dried, flaked or
shredded. Experiments conducted by the Bureau indicate that the
product lends itself particularly to light salting and hot smoking,
and the kippered product may be canned to advantage. i
Results of private investigations reveal the presence of a large
percentage of hydrocarbon oil in the liver oil of some sharks. This
property or the presence of some alkaloid may account for the re-
puted unsuitability for food of the livers and of the flesh of some of
the species occurring in Arctic waters. However, the flesh of prac-
tically all of the species taken on our coasts has been tried and pro-
nounced suitable for human consumption; in fact, that of a number of
species is spoken of highly as the equal of some of our choicest fishes.
Carp.—The carp is the most abundant, most widely distributed,
and most valuable fish in the fresh waters of the United States.
During a considerable part of the past year difficulty has been ex-
perienced in s~pplying the demand for this fish. With the increase
in demand for it in those sections where its merits as a food fish are
appreciated and with the inability of the regular fisheries to supply
the demand, the need of developing additional fisheries has jean
felt. The Bureau has extended aid to various sections in widening
the markets and studying the possibilities for establishing fisheries,
and has encouraged the use of this fish by people who have been
prejudiced against its use for food. Among the services performed
may be mentioned that of establishing connections between producers
seeking markets and the trade in the larger consuming centers.
A number of the States have also appreciated the importance of
utilizing more of the carp and other less-esteemed species, such as the
buffalofish and suckers, to relieve the food shortage in the present
time of stress. Noteworthy among these are Wisconsin and Minne-
sota. During the period from September 1, 1917, to April 1, 1918,
under the supervision of the State Conservation Commission of Wis-
consin, 1,264,680 pounds of carp, buffalofish, and suckers were taken
from the inland waters of that State. As an immediate result of the
action of the Game and Fish Department of Minnesota in suspend-
ing regulations in so far as they apply ‘to the capture of rough fish,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 83
1,382,187 pounds of carp were taken and marketed between October
1, 1917, and February 1, 1918.
Drum.—The common drum is found on the coasts of the Middle
Atlantic, South Atlantic and Gulf States, sometimes in very large
schools. It is a bottom feeder, subsisting largely upon crustaceans
and mollusks, and reaches a weight of about 150 pounds. Personal
prejudice, because of the presence of muscle parasites in the posterior
part of the back, has greatly restricted the use of this important food
fish. On the other hand, some persons familiar with this condition
consider the infested portion the most desirable part of the fish.
While the fish may be marketed fresh or preserved in various ways,
it is as a canned product that it is most appetizing. Prepared in
this manner, it has been likened to the meat of chicken.
The Bureau has given considerable attention to the development of
markets for this fish, but, because of the irregular movements of the
schools, some difficulty has been encountered in obtaining steady
sources of supply. It is expected, however, that this difficulty will
be overcome and that larger quantities of this wholesome fish will be
made available.
Whales and porpoises—Whales and porpoises being mammals and
their bodily activities being essentially the same as those of a cow,
horse, or other land mammal, their flesh is “ meat ” rather than “ fish.”
The meat of the whale resembles beef in texture and appearance, and,
although by some it has been compared to venison in taste, it never-
theless has a distinctive flavor of its own. A sample of canned whale
meat, analyzed by the Bureau, contained 30.11 per cent protein, 6.52
per cent fat, and 1.8 per cent ash. Of the whales, the humpback
(Megaptera nodosa) is probably the best for food, but the sei whale
(Balenoptera borealis) and the finback (Balenoptera velifera) also
yield excellent meat. From a humpback whale about 6 tons of edible
meat may be obtained, from the sei whale 5 tons, and from the fin-
back 8 tons. The whales which are largely available for food subsist
almost entirely on a small shrimp (Huphausia). In fact, none of
these whales eat fish habitually and only do so at all when shrimp
are not to be obtained.
Whale meat holds an important place in the dietary of the Jap-
anese and is growing in favor in other countries. The Bureau has
‘emphasized the importance of utilizing this product for food, and
very satisfactory progress has been made in saving and marketing it.
On the west coast one whaling company in August, 1917, completed
a 25-ton cold-storage plant, with a sharp freezer to care for 50 tons,
and during the season marketed over 80 tons of the fresh meat in
American markets, principally in west-coast cities. Arrangements
have been made for marketing 500 to 600 tons during the 1918
fishing season, and shipments are being made in carload lots as far
east as Boston. A British Columbia plant also marketed a large
amount of the fresh meat and was prepared to pack about 50,000
cases of the canned meat in 1918.
Porpoises and dolphins are excellent for food, by some preferred
to the larger whales. The Bureau has been instrumental in bringing
the value of these forms to the attention of fishermen on the Atlantic
and Gulf coasts, and progress is being made in the establishment of
34 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
markets for the meat of these creatures. It appears that the oily
taste, which may be more or less objectionable to some, can be avoided
by removing the connective tissue which lies between the blubber and
the meat.
UTILIZATION OF FISH WASTE AND WASTE FISH.
Twenty-five per cent or more of the original weight of fish is in-
edible. It is possible to convert this residue into products of high
market value, and more of it should be so employed instead of being
wasted. In the.salmon fisheries of the Pacific coast alone it is esti-
mated that the value of this material, if fully utilized, would amount
to several million dollars annually. It is also possible to manufac-
ture much of this refuse and such fishes as the menhaden into prod-
ucts having a high economic value. For example, the scrap made
from menhaden may be converted into fish meal as a feed for hogs,
poultry, and cattle, rather than into fertilizer with which to grow
feeds. The best use man can make of fish is to eat it. In like fashion,
the best use for fish scrap is to feed it to stock intended to supply
the wants of man. By the employment of the animal manure as a
fertilizer, it can be made to serve both purposes.
In the case of fish meal greater progress has been made abroad
than in the United States. For a number of years before the war,
the Germans not only used all they could produce but imported many
thousand tons annually from Great Britain and Norway. Consider-
ing the costs of transportation, manufacture, and distribution, it is
evident that the product was highly valued. Feeding experiments
conducted abroad and in this country have demonstrated this value.
One cause that has militated against the use of this product has
been the impression that the flesh of animals to which it is fed will
become flavored thereby. This feeling is presumably due to the fact
that the flesh of animals reared in fishing camps and villages and
supplied with an excessive or unlimited diet of fish acquires a fishy
taste. As a matter of fact, if the animals are fed intelligently on
fish meal with a low oil content, no untoward effects will be expe-
rienced.
Fish meal may be prepared by the same general methods as are
now employed in the manufacture of the scrap for fertilizer; that
is, by steam cooking, pressing, and drying. In addition, it may be
necessary to grind it for the purpose of breaking up such ‘sharp
spines and pointed bones as remain. It should be made from fresh
raw material, under sanitary conditions, dried at a sufficiently low
temperature to prevent scorching, and should contain preferably not
more than 10 per cent of fat (oil). It is suggested that those employ-
ing hot-air driers use charcoal or anthracite and avoid the use of
long- flaming fuels to prevent scorching. It should be evident that
the higher the percentage of oil in the meal, the greater will be the
care required in feeding it. As fish meal is a protein food, it is to
the advantage of the producer to reduce the oil content to a mini-
mum, and thus obtain a higher protein (ammonia) analysis. Fur
eee: the oil has a higher value when sold as such than if left in
the meal.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 35
The higher grades of tankage, with a guaranteed protein content
of 60 per cent, are used extensively for feeds, and command as much
as $100 per ton or more in carload lots. The supply of this material
is inadequate. Experiments, conducted by the Department of Agri-
culture, indicate that fish meal is fully the equal of tankage as a feed.
As to demand, it has been estimated that Nebraska alone can use
30,000 to 40,000 tons annually. In the United States, there are
grown each year 60,000,000 or more hogs, each of which will require
an average of not less than 50 pounds of a feed of this character.
From the evidence at hand it would appear that satisfactory markets
are assured.
On the west coast and in New England the production of fish meal
is increasing. In 1917 the reported output in the Pacific Coast
States and Alaska was 5,297 tons, an increase of more than 100 per
cent over the previous year. Considering the demand and the im-
portance of this product to the country, it is imperative that those
engaged in the fisheries render all possible aid to meet the demand.
The subject of rendering fish oils suitable for edible purposes is
also receiving more attention. In 1914 Denmark used 20,000 barrels
of hardened whale fat in the margarin industry, and more recently
Norway has been experimenting with this article and is preparing
to employ it for the same purpose. It is reported that this product
has been proved to be well suited for making margarin that keeps
well and tastes well, and to be even better suited for making lard.
Experiments are in progress in the United States with fish oils to
determine the practicability of rendering these suitable for edible
purposes and marketing them commercially.
The Bureau has continued its efforts to accomplish a more complete
utilization of fish waste to the best possible advantage. The impor-
tance of doing this has been brought directly to the attention of those
engaged in the industry, and many inquirers in this country and
abroad have been furnished with data relative to methods, ma-
chinery, and markets. On the Atlantic seaboard the Bureau has
interested menhaden companies in the production of fish meal. In
this field it has had the cooperation of the Bureau of Animal In-
dustry of the Department of Agriculture in bringing the use of this
product to the attention of hog growers, in giving suggestions relative
to preparing the product so that it will be acceptable for feeding
purposes, and in arranging for additional feeding experiments at
various agricultural experiment stations. Tangible results have al-
ready been obtained, and it is expected that ultimately this fishery
will yield annually about 40,000 tons of this material. The Bureau’s
efforts to establish fisheries for grayfish and other species of sharks
has been of benefit to the fish-oil industry in that those engaging
in these fisheries have been interested to recover and market the
liver oil.
HOME CANNING OF FISH.
Although the preservation of fish in the home by canning affords
an excellent opportunity for the increased saving of fish, the house-
wife has made little use of *this method. With the development of
small pressure cookers, purchasable at reasonable cost, it is possible
for the housewife to process fish in the home, duplicating the work
36 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
of the commercial canner. In this manner she may practice a meas-
ure of economy and provide a supply of palatable and nutritious food
in seasons of the year when fish are abundant for use in periods of
scarcity.
The primary object of “ processing” fish, or cooking them under
steam pressure, is to sterilize them to prevent spoiling. An addi-
tional advantage of the method is that if the heating is continued
for a sufficient length of time, the organic matter in the bones is dis-
solved, leaving only a soft, friable, mineral matter that can be eaten
along with the meat. With the bones thus softened the fish is much
more acceptable as food. Thus, small bony fishes that would other-
wise be useless, or fishes of small market value, may be saved, and the
larger staple fishes made more attractive.
The time required to soften the bones of fishes varies with the
species, the size of the fish, and the pressure and temperature em-
ployed. In domestic canning, unless the required time is known,
time and fuel may be wasted by overcooking, or by insufficient cook-
ing the bones may not be properly softened.
A recent journal article calls attention to the small amounts of
calcium present in most of the common foods and presents a table
showing that comparatively large amounts of the ordinary foods are
required to yield four-tenths gram of calcium oxide per day, which
is about one-half the daily requirement of the average adult. The
bones of fish, properly softened as they are by domestic or commer-
cial canning, render available an abundant amount of calcium in ac-
ceptable form, not encountered in such amounts in any other common
food. In addition to this they supply phosphoric acid and other
valuable minerals. It is, therefore, not only good housekeeping, but
good dietetics, to can fish for home use.
The Bureau has conducted experiments to determine the time re-
quired to soften the bones of about 30 common marine and fresh-
water fishes of different sizes. In the table which follows the time
given is that determined experimentally for the sizes mentioned. It
will be a simple matter to interpolate the time periods required to
soften the bones of fishes of the same species but of sizes different
from those represented. The term “softening,” as here used, means
the point in cooking when the small bones, ribs, etc., are soft, but when
the large vertebre are not yet sufficiently soft to be consumed along
with the muscle. In some of the larger fishes whose large bones
could scarcely be eaten, even if they were softened, it would appear
to be a waste of time and fuel to carry them to the point of complete
cooking, and in such cases it ought to be sufficient to soften the small
bones and sterilize the contents of the can. For such a purpose the
“ softening ” rather than the “ soft ” point may be used.
These experiments refer to fish cooked in Mason glass jars of quart
size. The time periods are measured from the, point when the given
pressure and temperature are reached (at the top of the cooker) to
the time when the heat is shut off. The heating-up and cooling-off
periods of time are thus not included. The fish were salted, but no
water was added. Samples of fish canned during the course of these
experiments were kept six weeks at room temperature (about 68° F.)
and were then incubated at 98° for 48 hours. All were sterile.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 37
TIME REQUIRED TO SOFTEN THE BONES OF VARIOUS SPECIES oF FisH, 10 Pounps
PREssurRE, 240° F.
; : Soften- F A Soften-
Species. Weight. ing. Soft. Species. Weight. ing. Soft.
Black bass: Lbs. Mins. | Mins. Lemon sole: Lbs. | Mins. | Mins.
MargvOresccceecceesnas 5 - 6 100 120 WATEO sce cet onccece ce 24- 34 80 90
Smalley sens fecaq clot +1 100 110 Smallietgess.seccese 60 70
Bluefish: Mackerel, medium....... 1k 60 7
Barges... os22 BACHE, 6-9 90 100 || Mackerel, Spanish, me-
sh20tl SS Sea ereeee 1-2 80 90 Gbibiih 556 Soocane 5 aseds- 1h- 23 100 110
Butterfish, medium. ....) +- 4 60 80 || Perch, white, medium...} j4- # 100 110
Garp ee Sesaest sade ecese 8 -12 110 120 || Perch, yellow, medium..| }- 90 100
Pollock, medium........ 5 - 74 60 70
70 80 || Salmon, medium........| 13 -19 90 100
60 70 || Sea bass, medium........ 1-14 60 70
80 90) Shad JJ22 2a. eee tetdcece 54 90 100
Smelt:
80 90 EAT PO. enccescnccececs (2) 60 70
50 60 Smialle re2eect oe. - ei (>) 50 60
Snapper, red:
90 100 ALGO ie ta cmebwte de ene 10 -15 110 120
50 60 Sal ee sesso scons 5- 6 90 100
100 110 || Squeteague:
AERC arses eects se 23-4 80 90
70 80 Medium cseme sean ccee 60 70
50 60 Smalls. £295_S5 5282826 3-2 50 60
Striped bass:
60 70 ALE Oemcae sae eae = 10-15 110 120
50 60 Small waeksctwces loa 2-14 70 80
Halibut, medium........ 50 -90 70 80 || Sucker, medium.......... 4 13 80 90
Hickory shad, medium..| 1}- 2 60 70 || Tilefish, medium.........| 6 -12 90 100
Hoghshyn 4 Maen aso. 558 5 50 60 || Whiting, medium....... +1 50 60
Kingfish, medium....... 3-1 60 70
a From 5 to7 to the pound. +b From 15 to 20 to the pound.
Some experiments have recently been made to apply a known
principle to the domestic canning of fish so as to obviate the neces-
sity for employing a pressure cooker. The reference is to boiling the
cans or jars in a saturated salt solution; that is, at 228° F. for a time.
For this process, only apparatus usually found in the home, such as a
wash boiler, is employed. By this method, the bones are softened
satisfactorily and the fish thoroughly cooked, and difficulties in clos-
ing fruit jars to withstand the pressure created are overcome. Nearly
100 containers of glass and tin have been processed and some success
has been attained. It is planned to make additional tests before
recommending the use of the method to the public.
DEVELOPMENT OF AQUATIC SOURCES OF LEATHER.
The Bureau has continued to cooperate effectively with tanners,
fishermen, and others interested in the development of new sources
of leather from the skins of aquatic animals. Among the advances to
be recorded in this work during the past year the following may be
mentioned: (1) The development of types of nets suitable for catch-
ing sharks and devices claimed to be satisfactory for quickly removing
the hides from the fish; (2) progress in the development of methods
suitable for tanning the hides of the smaller fishes on a commercial
scale; (3) perfection of arrangements by tanners to engage in the
industry; (4) establishment of connections with the fishing ce..ters
for supplies of raw materials; (5) preparations for the establishment
at various points on our coasts of small plants for fishing for sharks,
the flesh to be used for food, the liver oil to be extracted and
marketed, the hides to be tanned into leather, and the refuse to be
38 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
used for fertilizer; and (6) experiments with leather made from
fish skins to determine fitness for manufacture into shoes and other
articles. The Bureau has also given assistance in expediting ship-
ments of raw hides from producing centers to tanners.
A seine constructed for the Bureau, which has proved very success-
ful for the capture of sharks up to 6 or 8 feet in length, is 600 yards
long, 18 feet deep, with 4-inch bar mesh of 36 thread; top and bot-
tom lines of one-half inch, 18-thread rope, fitted with seine corks 5
inches in diameter placed 2 feet apart on the cork line, and 4-ounce
trap leads with the same interspace on lead line, the entire net being
tarred. With this type of apparatus, from 50 to 200 sharks have been
taken in a single day’s fishing, and during the brief period in which
two of these nets have been operated, approximately 2,000 sharks
ranging in length from 34 to 15 feet have been taken. For the pur-
pose of taking the larger sharks a heavier net of larger mesh is re-
quired. One now under construction which the Bureau believes will
prove satisfactory is 300 yards long, 12 feet deep, with 10-inch bar
mesh of 60-thread tarred cotton twine hung on three-eighths inch
12-thread rope, fitted with haul-seine corks 4 inches in diameter placed
3 feet apart on cork line and 2-ounce round leads placed 6 feet apart
on lead line.
Through the cooperation of the Bureau of Standards the services
of a technically trained tanner were obtained, and some tanning
experiments were started at a large tannery with the company’s
cooperation. The tanner remained in this work only a short time
before entering the military service and the results accruing should
be credited largely to the company. The experiments showed that
shark skins could be tanned into upper leather for shoes by known
methods of tanning and also that the shagreen could be removed
from the skins very satisfactorily. To do this, the hides, after
tanning and neutralizing, are first coated with paraffin and oil,
tacked and dried. They are then smooth plated and shaved on the
grain side to remove the coarest part of the denticles, and the grain
is then gone over lightly on a rapidly revolving carborundum wheel.
After this treatment the hides are ready for finishing. Some of the
hides have been given a gun-metal finish suitable for shoes, others
have been tanned for lining leather and as cordovan. The average
tensile strength of two shark skins submitted to the Bureau was
3,905 and 4,742 pounds per square inch.
Owing to shortage of labor, transportation difficulties, and other
drawbacks, progress in the development of this industry has been
somewhat retarded. In fact, it has practically become necessary for
the tanning companies to start fisheries of their own at various
points along the coast to insure a supply of raw materials at the
present time. With the increase in demand for shark meat and oil,
the fishermen are showing increased interest in the fishery, and the
outlook is regarded as promising.
NEW ENGLAND VESSEL FISHERIES.
The vessel fisheries centering at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., and
Portland, Me., have been in a prosperous condition during the past
year. There was some decrease in the quantity of fishery products
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 39
landed, but a large increase in the value, as compared with the previ-
ous year. The decline in quantity occurred at Gloucester and Port-
land, while there was considerable increase over the previous year in
the receipts at Boston. Statistics of these fisheries have been col-
lected during the year by the local agents and published in monthly
bulletins showing by species and fishing grounds the quantities and
values of fishery products landed by American fishing vessels at
these ports. Two annual bulletins also have been issued, one show-
ing the catch by months, and the other by fishing grounds.
The fishing fleet which landed fishery products at these ports dur-
ing the calendar year 1917 included 493 sail, steam, and gasoline
screw vessels. These vessels landed at Boston 2,962 trips, aggregating
98,650,139 pounds of fish, valued at $5,166,440; at Gloucester, 3,074
trips, aggregating 58,134,944 pounds, valued at $2,451,484; at Port-
land, 3,248 trips, aggregating 18,645,503 pounds, valued at $743,408.
The total for the three ports amounted to 9,284 trips, aggregating
175,430,586 pounds of fresh and salted fish, having a value to the
fishermen of $8,361,332. Compared with the previous year there was
an increase of 339 trips, and a decrease of 10,393,839 pounds, or 5.59
per cent, in the quantity, with an increase of $1,977,426, or 30.97 per
cent, in the value of the fish landed. The catch of haddock decreased
7,000,957 pounds, hake 5,257,653 pounds, pollock, 1,095,838 pounds,
cusk, 2,518,994 pounds, halibut 1,692,701 pounds, herring 5,494,676
pounds, and miscellaneous products 2,232,214 pounds, but all of these
species except cusk, halibut, herring, and the miscellaneous products
increased in value. The catch of Newfoundland herring decreased
4,462,479 pounds, or 39.58 per cent, in quantity, and $98,202, or 30.12
per cent in value. The cod catch increased 12,823,966 pounds, or
29.39 per cent, in quantity, and $813,952, or 52.28 per cent, in value,
and the mackerel catch 1,535,714 pounds, or 9.65 per cent, in quantity
and $404,831, or 38.58 per cent, in value. There was also an increase
in the catch of swordfish of 201,206 pounds, or 11.35 per cent, in
quantity, and $53,890, or 22.61 per cent, in value. The catch of tile-
fish landed at Boston during the year amounted to 1,211,450 pounds,
valued at $44,743, an increase over the previous year of 338,308
pounds, or 38.74 per cent, in quantity and $20,448, or 84.16 per cent,
in value.
The following tables present in detail, by fishing grounds and by
months, the products of the vessel fisheries of Boston and Gloucester,
Mass., and Portland, Me., for the calendar year 1917. The weights
of fresh and salted fish given in these statistics represent the fish as
landed from the vessels, and the values are those received by the
fishermen. The grades, or sizes, given for certain species are those
recognized in the trade,
REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
40
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
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50
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51
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES,
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REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
52
| 199‘ZeT | 998 ‘G99 “g
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
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REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
54
709g | F98‘er | e2e‘96 | 022206
patie | (eke sae | 38 £8 °%
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Ze SOF. 980 ‘8T SSF ‘SET
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55
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
——— Oo
zog‘z¢ | pte‘cec | 99T OLL SLT OSF‘sT | ZLT ‘S08, | £07 G26 '2% TZL ‘98
S8Z'SLT | 29Z‘930T | 698 «| 000FE £92 '%% | 9@6‘Ese‘T | GEO ‘T SOL ‘gL 090 ‘982
SOI FT | S96 ‘THT ‘T ; ZOL LL | OGHILGDIE [cient 262 f80T
FS ‘39 | Sah6S | TL 00s ‘¢ 796°26 | O61 ‘s62‘% | ¥% 210 ‘T ST¢ “pag
6L0°LFT | £22 ‘F9%T | 809 SOF ‘0% TL ‘0% | 80202 Z61 ‘T 022 ‘68 LES “8%
829‘STZ | OOLEeL‘T | 629 S06 “8% cer ‘sit | 868 ‘czo‘e | 912 ‘T 282 ‘OF 290 ‘gzg
F1Z‘6E =| SSF ‘Sze 861 ‘FE | 202 ‘968 aI a7 688 ‘SF
om te : A ‘2 | Set ‘og 009°
699 “F ESF ‘ZOT Z10
966 ‘9 | OFF ‘98 G1g'% | BF ‘6G eho ‘8
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£23 ‘TT | 800 ‘86 S6F xan 200 ‘T
ZIP £96 ‘Sh S06 SE6 ‘8% PEE REES 2715 |She MERE RE GD =
‘ é ‘ 28 &
BoE SEL ‘% OFF‘L — | 682 ‘60% 166 ‘9
£96 ‘I HGF ‘OZ ZoL’e =| 64S (08 L19‘¢
store 110g oft. #ST'% | 960 ‘OF FPS 'L
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REPORTS O¥ THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
56
RE One iL LOL‘SE | O8S'2ZE | SOI a 2 Se. a Sms “Bp MCR ol ele scl Lk
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57
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
P8F ‘TSt Z| F¥6 ‘FET ‘8G
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REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
58
Ly "Tes | 6£8‘ZI8‘0e | 9262 SrrT9Z «| TL9 "ETS ~— | HOE‘TSS ‘Os | o OF | Tah TL | TTP eRT Ig [oonottc roti rc ro rtteet ee seo to 9I6T Ul PuRpIog 48 PepueT
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 59
The large quantity of fishery products landed at Boston and
Gloucester, Mass., and Portland, Me., by American fishing vessels
is taken principally from fishing grounds lying off the coast of the
United States. In the calendar year 1917, 62.47 per cent of the quan-
tity and 67.72 per cent of the value of the catch landed by the Ameri-
can fishing fleet at these ports were taken from these grounds; 4.91
per cent of the quantity and 3.94 per cent of the value, consisting
chiefly of herring, were taken from fishing banks off the coast of
Newfoundland; and 382.61 per cent of the quantity and 28.32 per
cent of the value were from grounds off the Canadian Provinces.
The receipts of Newfoundland herring constituted 3.88 per cent
of the quantity and 2.72 per cent of the value of the fishery products
landed at these ports during the year. The herring were taken
on the treaty coasts of Newfoundland, but cod and other species
from that region were obtained chiefly from fishing banks on the
high seas. All fish caught by American fishing vessels off the Cana-
dian Provinces were from offshore fishing grounds. The catch from
each of these regions is given in detail in the following table:
QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FISH LANDED BY AMERICAN FISHING VESSELS AT Bos-
TON AND GLOUCESTER, MASS., AND PorRTLAND, Mer., IN 1917 FROM GROUNDS OFF
THE COAST OF THE UNITED STATES, NEWFOUNDLAND, AND CANADIAN PROVINCES.
Species. United States. Newfoundland. |Canadian Provinces. Total.
Cod: Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Fresh...... 25, 064,491 |$1, 210, 065 584, 278 | $18, 247 |24, 224,068 | $821,040 | 49, 872, 837 |$2, 049, 352
Salted...... 8, 846 426 477, 160 24,390 | 6, 087, 685 296, 666 6,573, 691 321, 482
Haddock:
Mresit? 4 4 33, 810,941 | 1,675,131 97, 275 4,665 |19, 486, 646 831,995 | 53,394,742 | 2,511,787
Salted= 2... - 140 3 4,885 165 154, 948 4,743 160, 093 4,984
Hake:
Fresh......| 6,673,922 302, 371 105, 286 2,883 | 1,060,347 33, 770 7, 839, 555 339, 061
= belied aa 1,729 87 10, 645 318 62,717 1,956 75, 091 2,361
‘olloe
Fresh: «26s 13,740,878 | 554,496 5, 965 109 | 720,667 | 23,447 | 14,467,510 | 578,015
Salted. pa 1,012 24 1,522 45 37, 748 1, 147 40, 282 1,216
vUSK:
POSH . ec 2,738, 876 96, 851 23,692 551 762, 830 21,033 | 3,525,398 118, 435
Salted...... 3,500 71 5, 815 188 14, 590 420 23,90 679
Halibut:
Fresh...... 445, 753 66, 454 474, 391 49, 331 803, 556 99, 843 1, 723, 700 215, 628
Palted fe} se- 2 eS ees sey 12,571 1,366 29,793 2, 238 42,364 3, 604
Mackerel
Fresh.....- QL G311450)|' W746-S75- 1 co.2 ee ee 2,200, 467 | 120,682 | 12,031,817 | 867,557
a2 Sattedsso222|) 450264446 ||| 487-960; |sac2 2 aes basses 1,383,800 | 98,602 | 5,410,246 | 586,562
erring
Fresh...... 6,319, 808 70,736 | 487,946 | 15,484 9, 000 77 | 6,816,754 86, 297
Sallede--oselscsoncace eos s-gostice se pera std (8 4 6-E83 Ga ee eee i pence Serle 6,321,810 212,317
Swordfish:
Fresh. .--<: T2024 6845) CIR SRS OAs | eee ss aed | ES eR 28, 834 3,923 | 1,973,518} 292,169
Tilefish:
Fresh...... 1,211, 450 7 os | ee mee) ee) oe Gs be ae a ae Pe es 1, 211, 450 44,743
Miscellaneous: ¥
Fresh...... 3,775, 886 118, 333 2,024 41 147,913 6, 778 3, 925, 823 125,152
|_| | | SE O_O
Total... .|109, 599,712 | 5,662,872 | 8,615, 265 | 330,100 57, 215, 609 |2,368,360 |175, 430,586 | 8,361,332
Cod.—In 1917 the fishing fleet landing fish at Boston, Gloucester,
and Portland was not quite so large as in the previous year. There
were 6 vessels employed in the salt bank fishery and 88 in the market
fishery, landing their fares of cod and other ground fish at these ports.
Large quantities of cod were also landed by vessels fishing on the
shore grounds. The total quantity of cod landed during the year
was 56,446,528 pounds, valued at $2,370,834, of which 49,872,837
60 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
pounds, valued at $2,049,352, were fresh, and 6,573,691 pounds, valued
at $321,482, were salted.
Haddock.—The catch of haddock during the year was smaller than
that of cod in quantity, but greater in value. There was a decrease
in the catch as compared with the previous year of 7,000,957 pounds,
or 11.56 per cent, in quantity, but an increase of $755,027, or 42.85
per cent, in the value. The total quantity landed during the year
was 58,554,835 pounds, valued at $2,516,702, all of which were fresh
except 160,093 pounds, salted, valued at $4,915.
Hake.—The yield of hake for the year was 7,914,646 pounds, valued
at $341,385, all landed fresh except 75,091 pounds, salted, valued at
$2,361. The catch declined 5,257,653 pounds, or 39.91 per cent, in
quantity, but showed an increased of a little more than 1 per cent in
value.
Pollock.—The pollock catch was nearly twice as large as that of
hake, the quantity landed amounting to 14,507,792 pounds, valued at
$579,268. This product was all fresh, with the exception of 40,282
pounds, salted, valued at $1,216. The catch was about 7 per cent less
than that of the previous year in quantity, but increased 51 per cent
in value.
Cusk.—The catch of cusk was 3,549,303 pounds, valued at $119,114,
of which 23,905 pounds, valued at $679, were salted. There was a
decrease of 41.51 per cent in the quantity of cusk landed, but the
value was only slightly less than that of the previous year.
Halibut.—The yield of halibut was 1,766,064 pounds, valued at
$219,232. This quantity included 42,364 pounds of salted halibut,
valued at $3,604. There was a decline in the output of halibut, as
compared with the previous year of 48.93 per cent in quantity and
43.14 per cent in value.
Mackerel.—The total catch of fresh mackerel taken by the Ameri-
can fishing fleet in 1917 amounted to 111,932 barrels, compared with
102,420 barrels the previous year, an increase of 9,512 barrels. The
output of salted mackerel was 32,162 barrels, as compared with
32,066 barrels the previous year, an increase of 96 barrels. The
quantity of mackerel landed at Boston, Gloucester, and Portland
during the year was 17,442,063 pounds, valued at $1,454,119, of
which 12,031,817 pounds, valued at $867,557, were fresh, and 5,410,246
pounds, valued at $586,562, were salted.
In 1918, up to June 30, the catch of fresh mackerel amounted to
27,992 barrels and of salted mackerel to 7,937 barrels, as compared
with 38,947 barrels fresh and 7,131 barrels salted the previous year.
The southern mackerel fleet numbered about 35 sail of seiners and
125 sail of netters. The seiners had a light catch, and reported con-
siderable quantities of mackerel, but that they were wild, chasing
live feed, and therefore hard to catch. They did not school much at
night, but only during the day. The first seiner arrived at New
York on May 6 with 13,000 large and medium mackerel, which were
sold at 18 to 20 cents per pound. These fish were taken in 34 fathoms
of water. The netters did not land as many mackerel as the previous
year, but, owing to the higher prices received, they did well finan-
cially. The mackerel landed by the southern fleet this year were
all large and medium fish and sold at 13 to 20 cents per pound,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 61 ,
according to market conditions. The Cape Shore fleet numbered
38 sail of vessels, being a little larger than the previous year. No
vessel made more than one trip. A large body of fish was reported
and all the vessels returned with good catches. The catch taken on
the Cape Shore amounted to 1,689,000 pounds of fresh mackerel,
and 7,558 barrels salted, compared with 2,229,900 pounds of fresh
and 7,131 barrels salted the previous year. The first arrival from
the Cape Shore was on June 8, and consisted of 50,000 large and
medium fresh mackerel, which sold at 104 cents per pound. One
schooner, on her Cape Shore mackerel trip, obtained 95,000 pounds
fresh and 375 barrels of salted mackerel, and stocked $15,665, the
crew sharing $343 each. This is said to be the largest stock ever
made on a single mackerel trip.
Swordfish—The catch of swordfish landed at Boston, Gloucester,
and Portland during the year amounted to 1,973,518 pounds, valued
at $292,169. The number of vessels engaged in this fishery was 42, or
9 more than in the previous year.
Flounders.—The catch of flounders in the vessel fisheries amounted
to 1,279,721 pounds, valued at $44,936. The catch taken by vessels
under 5 tons net tonnage is not included in these statistics. These
fish are taken chiefly with the flounder drag, an apparatus similar to
an otter trawl, and adapted for use in this fishery. This apparatus
is used by power vessels and boats. It varies in size according to the
size of the vessel or boat using it. The foot line or chain varies in
the different sizes of nets from about 48 to 70 feet in length. When
being set the drag is thrown overboard from the stern of the boat,
and the foot line, or chain, carries it quickly to the bottom. In the
meantime the boat is under power, and when the water strikes the
drag the bag or net is opened. As the boat moves forward two otter
boards, or wooden doors, one at each end of the foot line, or chain,
operate to spread the bag out to its full extent. The apparatus is
drawn along the bottom by the vessel or boat for about two hours,
and then it is taken on board and the fish are dumped out.
The Massachusetts fishermen have been catching during the past
year, apparently for the first time in commercial quantities, a fish
which is locally called sole or gray sole. This species, which has been
identified as the pole flounder, craig flounder, or deep-sea flounder
(Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) ,is found on both shores of the Atlantic
Ocean, ranging as far south as Ireland and Delaware Bay in deep
water. It was first found on our coast in 1877, when numerous speci-
mens were secured by the Bureau in the deepest parts of Massachu-
setts Bay. It is an excellent food fish, and large quantities were taken
in the fall of 1917 and also during the year 1918.
VESSEL FISHERIES AT SEATTLE, WASH.
The vessel fisheries at Seattle, Wash., have not varied materially
in extent from the previous year. The products landed by fishing
vessels have been smaller in quantity, but have increased in value.
In the products landed by collecting vessels there has been consid-
erable inérease in both quantity and value. Statistics of the vessel
fisheries at Seattle have been collected by the local agent and pub-
160695°—20——5
62 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
lished as monthly and annual statistical bulletins, giving the quan-
tity of fishery products landed by American fishing vessels at that
port.
In 1917 the fishing fleet at Seattle landed at that port 620 trips,
ageregating 16,553,944 pounds of fish, having a value to the fisher-
men of $1,738,802. This catch was taken from the various fishing
grounds along the coast from off the Columbia River northward to
Portlock Bank, Alaska. The localities from which the largest quan-
tities of fish were taken were the Destruction Island Grounds, Flat-
tery Banks, Hecate Strait, Yakutat Grounds, and Portlock Bank.
The products included halibut, 13,949,683 pounds, valued at
$1,625,409; sablefish or black cod, 2,430,105 pounds, valued at
$107,350; and other species amounting to 174,156 pounds, valued at
$6,048.
The fishery products taken in Puget Sound and landed at Seattle
by collecting vessels during the year amounted to 12,821,353 pounds,
valued at $988,559. The products included salmon, 10,869,193 pounds,
valued at $935,915 ; steelhead trout, 165,024 pounds, valued at $16,233 ;
herring, 1,211,224 pounds, valued at $6,393; smelt, 211,799 pounds,
valued at $18,004; and other fishery products amounting to 364,113
pounds, valued at $17,014. These products included 3,909 pounds of
whale meat, valued at $195.
Compared with the previous year there was an increase of 103
trips by fishing vessels, with a decrease of 857,491 pounds, or 4.92 per
cent, in the quantity, and an increase of $377,569, or 27.73 per cent, in
the value of the products landed. In the products landed by collect-
ing vessels there was an increase of 2,683,966 pounds, or 26.47 per
cent, in the quantity, and of $517,300, or 109.76 per cent, in the value.
The quantity and value of fishery products landed at Seattle by fish-
ing and collecting vessels in 1917 are given in detail in the following
table:
63
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
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66 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
COASTAL FISHERIES OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY.
A statistical canvass of the coastal fisheries of New York and New
Jersey was made during the year for the calendar year 1917 similar
to the previous canvass of these fisheries for the year 1915. The sta-
tistics included only fishes proper.
In New York there were 1,538 persons engaged in the coastal
fisheries, exclusive of shellfish, in 1917; the investment in vessels,
boats, fishing apparatus, and shore and accessory property was
$1,370,823; and the products amounted to 68,315,888 pounds, valued
at $1,376,360. The principal species taken were alewives, 788,875
pounds, valued at $14,617; bluefish, 961,340 pounds, valued at $183,-
136; butterfish, 800,499 pounds, valued at $47,979; flounders, 4,176,-
374 pounds, valued at $180,333; menhaden, 50,441,540 pounds, valued
at $261,919; scup or porgy, 1,212,650 pounds, valued at $72,217; sea
bass, 1,122,623 pounds, valued at $81,654; squeteague or weakfish,
2,292,050 pounds, valued at $170,861; tilefish, 1,480,828 pounds,
valued at $100,551; and whiting, 1,488,800 pounds, valued at $33,510.
The menhaden were caught chiefly in southern waters and landed
at southern ports, but are properly credited to New York because
taken by vessels belonging in that State.
Compared with the returns for 1915, there was a decrease of 966,
or 38.5 per cent, in the number of persons engaged, and of $400,343,
or 22.6 per cent, in the amount of capital invested; but an increase
of 34,268,113 pounds, or 100.6 per cent, in the quantity, and of $254,-
719, or 22.7 per cent, in the value of the products. If the menhaden
are excluded for both years, a decrease is shown in the quantity of
all other fish of 1,654,615 pounds, or 8.4 per cent, and an increase in
the value of $93,735, or 9.18 per cent.
In New Jersey in 1917 there were 2,137 persons engaged in the
coastal fisheries for fishes proper; the investment in vessels, boats,
fishing apparatus, and shore and accessory property was $1,235,550;
and the products amounted to 49,979,375 pounds, valued at $1,953,-
076. The species taken in largest quantities were alewives, 2,051,172
pounds, valued at $28,746; bluefish, 1,122,158 pounds, valued at
$150,605; butterfish, 4,227,745 pounds, valued at $200,564; croaker,
3,483,095 pounds, valued at $142,811; flounders, 1,369,848 pounds,
valued at $85,643; hake, 2,092,195 pounds, valued at $27,338; men-
haden, 1,433,984 pounds, valued at $14,664; scup or porgy, 3,673,173
pounds, valued at $137,004; sea bass, 5,323,116 pounds, valued at
$313,187; squeteague or weakfish, 11,004,255 pounds, valued at
$482,916; and whiting, 10,401,255 pounds, valued at $135,188.
Compared with 1915 there was a decrease of 166, or 7.2 per cent,
in the number of persons engaged; an increase of $48,493, or 3.6 per
cent, in the investment; of 2,123,199 pounds, or 4.4 per cent, in the
quantity ; and $604,409, or 44.8 per cent, in the value of the products.
Excluding the menhaden for both years, there was an increase in
1917 in the quantity of all other fish of 5,044,004 pounds, or 11.59
per cent, and in the value of $626,347, or 47.73 per cent.
The statistics of these fisheries, by counties, are given in the fol-
lowing table:
67
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. rai
FISHING ON FIVE-FATHOM BANK, NEW JERSEY, IN 1916 AND 1917.
For several years a considerable number of pound nets have been
set on Five-Fathom Bank, lying about 10 miles off the coast of
southern New Jersey. The Bureau has collected statistics of this
fishery for 1916 and 1917. The information for 1917 is included in
ae foregoing statistics of the coastal fisheries of New Jersey for
that year. '
In 1916 there were 120 persons engaged in fishing pound nets or
Five-Fathom Bank. The number of pound nets operated was 14,
valued at $44,550; the number of boats used was 19, valued at
$18,625 ; and the shore and accessory property was valued at $78,400;
a total investment of $141,575. The products amounted to 3,224,140
pounds, valued at $133,612.
In 1917 there were 183 persons engaged in the fishery; the number
of pound nets fished was 21, valued at $72,322; the boats numbered
27, valued at $25,900; and the shore and accessory property was
valued at $104,250; a total investment of $202,472. The products
aggregated 4,828,620 pounds, valued at $231,695.
The principal species of fish taken in each of these years were
scup or porgy, sea bass, and squeteague or weakfish. Butterfish,
croaker, flounders, mackerel, and various other species were also
taken in considerable quantities.
Statistics of this fishery in 1916 and 1917 are given in the following
table:
FISHING ON FIvE-FATHOM BANK, N. J., IN 1916 AND 1917.
Items. 1916 1917
Number. Value. Number. Value.
98 149
PH OVOSIMNGH yee 2 eee cae coc ee escalate ee sc uke See dae sececels 22 | od karat oe Bi iy eee? 2 eee
REMI TIG USE Se oa tied cb cn cinrotoacmtnsce ceeeleeitcedawadaaas ale 14 | $44,550 21 $72, 322
CSO MME DOAESE te ee ene Pate ea ee cea ee ie naane ee 18 18, 600 25 25, 850
Other boats = se. soe ont os bees seats cee Sadee ee oe 1 25 2 50
Share aad ACCeSsOry DrODerLy. cosets cece aces comics cca teal sceescoaseoe 78,400 |pstececssece 104, 250
ILGLAMIMLVGSCINONG. s\oe ea ocicne a cccte cess emapae occlaccecceceece 1415575: |nceesceccnee 202, 472
PRODUCTS
Pounds Value. Pounds. Value
UL LOriSh roc cmeceep eae sete waloce oc cio see hice ece Shae nee 52, 420 $2,380 219, 621 $10, 533
Grane eee ee coe ee eee Sects tonnes wok Coes eB 72, 460 2, 202 200, 512 7, 882
GIHO GES ae cohemsccceec seb seats des vee etch qoc oos tates nap 25, 760 1, 024 93, 052 4, 460
MARGOT eases es ap eee te we Sop aet cade sce cancclaesiaceteccoen 2, 700 270 8, 800 880
BEBPIOL POLLY 2 seces coc ccaeboeceiccecaccccccebccsesesaseses 905, 480 32,617 | 1,080, 200 45, 163
Sea bass 61,735 | 2,041, 460 112, 499
Squeteague or weakfish ee 30,193 | 1,034,960 46, 211
hiting == 30 28, 426 425
Other fish 2,320 79, 005 2, 800
CFEC Lge eA ee Ral Tic bg teal eae We ed ae 841 42,584 842
POUL Sitar + ies cas oe oe Sine ses ieoh Scam aumedee'sccaep 3,224,140 | 133,612 | 4,828,620 231, 695
REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
Ww
-~I
SHAD FISHERY OF THE HUDSON RIVER.
In connection with the canvass of the coastal fisheries of New York
and New Jersey, statistics were obtained of the shad fishery of the
Hudson River for the years 1917 and 1918. In 1918 there were 227
fishermen engaged in this fishery, using 125 boats, valued at $4,790;
273 gill nets, valued at $10,756; 15 seines, valued at $1,370; and shore
and accessory property valued at $3,191; a total investment of $20,-
107. The catch of shad was much larger than in any of the three
preceding years, amounting to 67,403 in number, or 234,602 pounds,
valued at $48,184. Of this quantity 63,404 shad, or 220,602 pounds,
valued at $44,784, were taken on the New York side of the river, and
3,999 shad, or 14,000 pounds, valued at $3,400, were taken on the
New Jersey side. In 1915 the total catch of shad in this river in
both States was 15,855 fish, or 68,668 pounds, valued at $8,643; in
1916, 9,287 fish, or 40,173 pounds, valued at $5,465; and in 1917,
12,015 fish, or 43,384 pounds, valued at $6,540. The catch each year
was taken chiefly with gill nets.
SHAD FISHERY OF THE HUDSON RIVER, 1917 AND 1918.2
1917
Items. New York. New Jersey. Total.
Number. | Pownds.| Value.| Number. | Pownds.| Value.| Number.
Fishermen.......-- EE eet Soapec|lacosoce 8 ea 282 52) Goeoms 149
Rowboats....------ MOUS caseeaes $2,940 1 eee $130 74
Gasoline: 2.33.25. ste eee = ae 200 Rl le ee ee 300
Gillimetss: tacos n'e:s,c PAT (eee epee: 6, 500 | ROE a! 700 215
Seines<sa=ecsccrers2 133 easeeeee 1 Oe SO eeprom sen acetone mesons 13
Shore and accessory
PROPEL Ye eis sin oh aia ee amie alee | er etateleiata Mey Dy Be Seo eScand essousocr MRE Us UB se peeere| ocsccanc
VOCE = sce ciccoc| na taecee ses |at seers ae (25115 3 sococe cal sonceeans 2, A800 lan osisc asec ele eeewacae
Shad caught:
With gill nets .. 9,535 | 34,420 | 5,225 1, 400 5, 040 720 10,935 | 39,460 | 5,955
With seines..... 1,080 3,924 D8. |haaendemactlecseesece| aeeeee 1,080 924 585
TOCALAS oc ccc 10,615 | 38,344 | 5,810 1, 400 5, 040 | 720 | 12,015 | 43,384 | 6,540
1918
WISHELIMCHE Soemcen-|| ab mecee names chelsea 3 4 fal eee 0S bite
Rowboats.....----- 192 3|24. eae ee $4, 240 1 1933 [eevee $4,340
Gasoline. foe we tecsn ie soc Le sic teat [bint Seer aS Se oc
Gill nets. - 5.2.4. t-a4- 2 Vitceae ses 10, 456 1 PBS epee oi 10, 756
BEINES scg-cce tees! TD) steareena EB Y Oe se Soncigadboscousadllonoecnac 15" |r waece 1,370
Shore and accessory
Poa ech Ae Maange Pahosse bcc |lencedaase PPT Me ee osaeysgSod boecenood be pital) | Snemcmoasec ee seetioo: 3,191
Wotal 2. .sescc) rate ceee =| (aces eae 18; S574) eee eee otee sete a] kp O00! tnee cease Seleeecetene 20, 107
Shad caught: |
With gill nets .. 61,583 | 214,196 |43, 413 3,999 65,582 | 228,196 | 46,813
With seines..... 1, 821 GB AOG ie SAME acim cessninypecsl anatssebaelasell eceieueieie 1,821 6,406 | 1,371
motels... cees 63,404 | 220,602 |44, 784 3,999 67,403 | 234,602 | 48,184
« Includes Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Orange, Rockland, Ulster, and Westchester Counties in New
York; and Bergen and Hudson Counties in 1917, and Berges County in 1918, in New Jersey.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 73
STATISTICS OF THE WHOLESALE FRESH-FISH TRADE OF NEW YORK CITY.
Beginning with September 1, 1917, the Bureau undertook the col-
lection of statistics showing by species the quantities and value of
fresh fish handled by the wholesale trade of New York City. This
was initiated as an experiment to determine the practicability of
carrying on this work continuously as at Boston and Gloucester,
Mass., Portland, Me., and Seattle, Wash., and the value of the in-
formation to the trade. Statistics were collected for the five months
ending January 31, 1918. This afforded ample opportunity for a
careful study of the local conditions. The complex nature of ship-
ments received by the wholesale trade made it exceedingly difficult
for the dealers to furnish complete returns, and entailed a consider-
able burden on their clerical force. For these reasons and because
of the apathetic attitude of the trade toward the work, the Bureau
decided to discontinue the collection of these statistics for the time
being.
Sy arictics of the wholesale fresh-fish trade of New York City from
September, 1917, to January, 1918, inclusive, are given in the follow-
ing table: |
REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. Eb
FISHERIES OF LAKE PEPIN AND LAKE KEOKUK.
A statistical canvass of the fisheries of Lakes Pepin and Keokuk
for 1917 was made during the year, covering the same ground as in
the canvass of these lakes for the year 1914. Lake Pepin is about 25
miles long, being an expansion of the Mississippi River between
Minnesota and Wisconsin. Lake Keokuk, which was called Lake
Cooper in the returns for 1914, but changed to Lake Keokuk by the
United States Geographic Board, is formed by the dam across the
Mississippi River at Keokuk, Iowa, the water backing up for a dis-
tance of about 50 miles.
Since the building of the dam, much speculation has been indulged
in by the fishermen as to its effect on the fishing in the upper river.
Considerable interest, therefore, attaches to the statistics of the
fisheries in these lakes for the years mentioned, the first canvass hav-
ing covered the first calendar year following the closing of the dam.
Lake Pepin.—In 1917 there were 131 persons engaged in the fish-
eries of this lake; the value of boats, fishing apparatus, and shore
and accessory property employed was $59,051; and the products taken
amounted to 1,212,809 pounds of fish, having a value to the fishermen
of $78,555.
The most important forms of fishing apparatus used were fyke
nets, seines, and anchored gill nets. Fyke nets, known locally as
hoop nets, took 595,769 pounds of fish, or 49.1 per cent of the total
catch, valued at $46,833; seines, 459,504 pounds, or 37.8 per cent,
valued at $21,929; and anchored gill nets, 150,465 pounds, or 12.4
per cent, valued at $9,991. The remainder of the catch, amounting to
7,071 pounds, valued at $302, was taken with trap nets and trot lines.
The principal species taken were buffalofish, catfish, fresh-water
drum, and Asiatic carp. These species constituted about 94 per cent
of the total output. A number of other species, including bowfin,
quillback or white carp, and suckers, were also taken in considerable
quantities.
Compared with the returns for 1914, there was a slight decrease in
the number of persons engaged, but an increase of $15,452, or 35.4
per cent, in the amount of capital invested, and of 454,139 pounds, or
59.8 per cent, in the quantity, and $44,836, or 132.9 per cent, in the
value of the products. There was a large increase in the catch of
bowfin or dogfish, buffalofish, catfish, Asiatic carp, and mooneye,
but a decrease in fresh-water drum, quillback, spoonbill, lake stur-
geon, and suckers.
Lake Keokuk.—The number of persons engaged in the fisheries of
this lake in 1917 was 118, the value of boats, fishing apparatus, and
shore and accessory property was $21,879; and the products amounted
to 1,800,986 pounds, valued at $89,117.
Fyke nets were the most important fishing apparatus used, the
catch amounting to 1,670,657 pounds of fish, or 92.7 per cent of the
total output, valued at $82,491. Trammel nets were next in import-
ance, with a catch of 89,346 pounds, or 4.9 per cent of the total,
valued at $3,625. The remainder of the products were taken with
seines, anchored gill nets, trap nets, and trot lines.
The leading species taken in this lake were buffalofish, catfish,
fresh-water drum, and Asiatic carp, and constituted about 96 per
160695°—20-——_6 ;
78 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
cent of the total catch. Blackbass, bowfin, crappie, eels, quillback
or white carp, sunfish, and various other species were taken in smaller
quantities.
Compared with 1914, there was an increase of 12.3 per cent in the
number of persons engaged, 35.1 per cent in the investment, and
1,139,851 pounds, or 172.4 per cent, in the quantity, and $65, 817, or
989.4. per cent, in the value of the products. The catch of black bass
increased from 15 pounds, valued at $1, to 4,163 pounds, valued at
$418; crappie, from 70 pounds, valued at $4, to 17,560 pounds, valued
at $1, 103; and sunfish from 50 pounds, valued at $3. to 13,879 pounds,
valued at $813. There was also a large increase in the catch of buffalo-
fish, catfish, fresh-water drum, and Asiatic carp. A decrease oc-
curred in the catch of eels, sand sturgeon, and suckers. The species
reported in 1917 which were not shown in the returns for 1914 were
bowfin or dogfish, pike, quillback or white carp, and spoonbill cat
or paddlefish.
Statistics of the fisheries of these lakes in 1917, and also compara-
tive statistics for the years 1914 and 1917, are given in detail in the
following table:
FISHERIES OF LAKE PEPIN AND LAKE KroKkuK (MISSISSIPPI RIVER) IN 1917.
Items. , Lake Pepin. Lake Keokuk.
Persons engaged: Number. Value. Number. Value.
MISHErIMOM [on cccniems auiceae dees doce met nsee eae seine oeseials L2G alee notes oa 8) | Seca ARS
Shoresimen se sees seco se ceic ee cee neces sees emo eee eer Been Ole awcmeas sel telee errata eee =a:
WOta = Bop ace tesecm senses tenets anancemeeeeCncee see 131 |....-.---- 176) |S eee ~
Boats, Sopetus, and other Properly
Gasoline heats... Voll pe eG Gee J 35 $6, 810 52 $4, 730
Rowboats:and barges. padasene cess bee seme yeccep 52 1,395 64 810
FHOUSCDOBLS aoc cnececmistec couse ous cnschewdee sane acecce 250 16 3,975
Myke vietstsserat snk maa te Pe Ae eae a Sees 262 | 37,472 1,368 8, 929
POLICES Bees hea eas aealn te saan o- eanmes ese yopecemnee 17 6, 460 1 800
Amchored ill nots:. 26272 i oe ea 371 2,350 12 180
TrammelNOts: 2 5-cce Josssie sso cesdsssecocessmescececes|saceaesseece|secaeenecs 17 | 472
PREAH US ancestor iupistdecia\seisietaenee catia ee cniene nine 14 450 81 | 221
SETOL-MNGS Gee e pee tine ee to- cence ent cere eat oh eeanoners |e eee UGB Res ae ass sh 132
Shore and accessory property....-..-.sese-e-eee- ebecccs|<pe am cminc= ss Bra |b BAGS sac ct 1,630
AN ay et Be ee AP a Ae ee eR DS 2 eee Pee eee BORO 1. areca oe 21, 879
Products by apparatus:
With seines—
Bowlin (dogish) cweis ck ecaccceevcw cet ome pounds.. 3, 792 TONE Sasacconaluseeeees
Buitalofish. 23255 escsescse ne conecbccoeeee ene deca. 60, 072 3,457 878 64
Oe Oe OAS SQ EE IS ERE ES Sep En FaSASE Ue ais = dose 275, 439 12, 210 6, 197 329
Catfish.) Sf ceucuseseres. teeachees tite ooune do.... 52, 041 25 2, 422 235
Crap Pleses vcacuecuanctecet oacateacacecteneeee GO nsc cl aeocmeece mel eemice cece 16 1
Rresh-water Grum.d.cccecocenevescaseweecese doetne 52, 742 1,381 1,417 85
Mooneyve) ‘Smoked: $. a. ded. csaecs yanecenecnne Gon. 650 EY Sher pieeoer Gee Socc soee
PURO Ne. Seavecee cscs cue osu ere se cer eoste ls Ot eeedcosionoed Pnoosgesec 4 1
Quillback or white carp..........-ece-cce-ess ddacs. 9, 245 136' |Web. wsiee stalaeee semene
Spoonbill cat or paddlefish...............-.-- dOscne 1,375 83 512 35
Sturgeon) lake tsclitt. cus Sete eet do.... 40 OF Rotih Sate. aces
BUCKEIS vat enehcmeneset reece eres onenieme ene doze 4,108 1 67 fl Re neterecere
Dotal aires swaeesscices «ceclsecsitssy = ober cm ovccsccse 459, 504 21,929 11, 446 750
With fyke nets— r
PTC gy eR A Ne ih lane 4,163 418
Bowfin (dogfish) 26, 000 390
Buftalotisht: sane wee 667, 946 39, 088
CANDarecaoe cet en ses nuee eee en cc ae eee 678, 149 25, 253
Cathishe? . 2.2550 og sb tele s. a ~ Ae do.. 97, 486 7,089
GLAD DIO a eden doc ccee tee een ee eee 17, 544 1, 102
Fresh-water drum 59, 839 72. 158) 058 7,991
Mooneye;iresh vi... oo cpcssce cece mde tae eA Goss. 7, 656 THN BOBReaee: oie enc Bivss
Mooneye, smoked......-.......ccccesececessO-220 6, 600 G60 [2285 Se: | Ree
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES.
79
FISHERIES OF LAKE PEPIN AND LAKE KEOKUK (MISSISSIPPI RIvER) IN 1917—
Continued.
Items. Lake Pepin. Lake Keokuk.
Products by apparatus—Continued.
yeas tbe nets—Continued, = Number. Value. Bile" Value.
Hye eS SRS os a asaddemecos: 5 DOUNGNe al cece see sina| casos ss $2
Quillback or white carp..... meow sienna boeecileancs 4,576 $113 5, 936 244
Spoonbill cat or paddlefish...........- abeeist dorsts 64 415 33
Sturgeon, sand.........-. Boise SARE ES sok sso50ee (Bo scl acer onsaql bobose Spee 365 30
Suckers......- = aCSnoee GLE CeO EBeIOS ee erencdOenee 11, 152 345 700 38
Nontishss <2 shee ssc aredes Seorenes eee neoeee GOlGcalaas seetecasalans siscseus 13,879 813
WGtaleasssetseanscrescabacsse-ssecudcceccceses cre 595, 769 46,333 | 1,670,657 82, 491
With anchored gill nets—
BiUtralofish, 3 /..2$—-225 =e dope aoccs waoeiaes pounds.. 31,742
(OCT D-- SARNCOSe tana ee nnctce aaa easicen scteceottienas 90, 947
Gatfish= ss oss 23. SSO =be m SAC CBB OOCOHOOLI OSE Obese 25, 832
Fresh-water drum.......--.- eee cee sansa sues 273
Quillback or white carp............-.-.- sooecdowess 417
Spoonbill cat or paddlefish...........-. Stheoee do.... 782
Siurveon) lake+s-- oe - ccc cece. seGsG 50856 eo eeedOness 472
Total..... nC ne sogecs Ssesebessenscese Acosée ecece 150, 465
With tramme!l nets—
Bunsen see aoe onan coca antec cs oe c's DOUNOS ae. <n s8s ce ee COEEES 22,094 950
Carpe et c<se PSOne CLO CSIS mage eonoeeeS dossae|-sssaense ss MiGers se sehr 67, 252 2,675
WTAE eh oe Bris OS A eR A ARSE Ce SoS ee ASSES ee aaerce| imp sip 89, 346 3, 625
With trap nets—
Catfish.<=:2=22<).5.5.<: Mo Pree e re ----.-.-pounds.. 396 40 1, 668 150
Mresh-wster Gram. ccsgecececectoes Faqano BESS 5,450 LOT oem aneascinne | saneascore
Motalo. S-cckcqes mocbed snbtos peeie esececececene 5, 846 231 1, 668 150
With trot-lines—
Carp::--- SSeS See Sete aasesrieas pounds... 780 33 6, 161 241
Silese see eae bemc asian d caadece sie iene 445 38 i an 626
@ls==c-3: SSS eS ao Sets s Pee we T eect sens Obese |tecaeene eee ae wisaeisne , 087 318
ROSH =WatehGlrulic see ccccnecevaceascececesa Oss Socccue eee HC ACE SeOSE 967 48
DEUCECON (SANG Soe mca cine ciciets cc sls o vaisivnleinials dO Fecal ee ee se ae Soe ME een aee 89 7
Motalsorsecc: STERN i at pieieds da: bri ss 1, 225 71 16, 622 1,240
Grand total” 2 S22 2... 30.-2-.-0-2-0sdas2e2—se25]) 1,212,809 |°*'78;555"| 158007086 |!" 80) 117
Products by species: [See
Black bass....-.-.-.- Be iaine = dotenenwes ase als pounds=s|F ce. te. eee 255272420: 4,163 418
Bowfin (dogfish).......... Ee Mensa se3a6 si eee doss4s 24,021 342 26, 000 390
: 009 696, 543 40, 563
762, 259 28, 800
109, 904 8,192
7,0 530s
: 087 18
Fresh-water drum. : 160, 554 8,130
Mooneye, fresh .-- = PO0aace 7, 656 Hie) RnccecetaosA Sa6e ae
Mooneye, smoked edgsess 7, 250 Soullscoeaceosate SSO anes
Pike... .-.- Saceet aSanses POOn nel wenateeaneee SoaSccente 20 3
Quillback or white carp..... pdb ens 14, 238 259 5, 936 244
J dae cat or paddlefish.......... eiuencse se eeedOusae 2,923 215 927 68
PUUTEOON, UAROO. 2. cet tcanwetevetes paense seasons 512 LOS ese ae cssceee eetenaewee
RIUMEPOUN SANG © 222s cees cc ew ccet cocoeeenes seecestOO. cin sceerasererslee'e Pie 454 37
Suckers..... ceceeare! Ae A eee Beste ss pevesdO-cc5 15, 260 472 700 38
SHHHSHE meeaacseas een scacaseesats cose neresrecUOlene|sesacerss secleeeee sae 8a 13, 879 813
WOM eee sn ccep ate onsnassesetcscocesy seve recteses| (ly alo 800 78,555 | 1,800,986 89, 117
80 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF THE FISHERIES OF LAKES PEPIN AND KEOKUK FOR
THE YEARS 1914 AND 1917.
Items. 1914 1917
LAKE PEPIN.
Persons engaged; Number. Value. Number. Value.
ishenmMen sees es see pee ere cio ance lae oe oe amine nine 150 fee eee ee 126
Shoresmen...... SEL HS Sibosoc0ce dee ooeos= See=-pecnas Zi) |e 5
Totalézscaadss AEB AE AOC ae saan nat Ase cet ic 8806 1B) re Se 5One IBY, |e sce see
Boats, apparatus, and other property: :
EEN PO toe te Atay Se 28] $7,625 35] $6,810
Rowboats and barges... ..-----.------+-0-0-eee-e-e---- a 53 1,300 52 1,395
ISSR eS LER Anas SAAR COSA RBs 832 Sasa Mosssose 1 100 250
Py Ko Nets. Go - «<<< coce mene ~ dens meee 290 seem 295 24,995 262 37, 472
SINGS etre co ccc ne edects pW dulvisis s'o tos wcities alos = 14 3,340 17 6, 460
Anchored gill nets... ..-.--.----.2-- eee eee ence eee e eee 664 4,421 371 2,350
TTTAD NOtSe |<. - == - 4 -mo cen ewan a civiae orice ne ener seniesnnen= 8 480 14 450
Trot andiiane MNeSeos -. sso senseme Sale eilestele wotemir ote a | elem clameie ane Shiposeeese ees b13
Shore and accessory property.......--------------------|-------2ee-- 1, 335. |-- cccwicciene 3, 851
Motalecesereae ce Sot SH HOC do so sues saben Sen Soes adessecee| b= SEStSasese 435090) || ease <a 59, 051
Products: :
Bowfin (dogfish). .... 2.2... 2- 2. n ew encoens- pounds. . 1,534 16 24, 021 342
SP DUfalONSH pe ssc ee wcrc ence Senin vane semis do... 261, 250 19, 728 300, 808 25, 009
(ONifshee S2o2a 52 cde Ssnece Scenic aesseene do... 237,517 7, 623 467, 588 23,277
@Stfisht--- eee eeee cee EdO nas 26, 830 1,745 254, 229 24, 437
Fresh-water drum...-......-------- +2002. =- 131, 785 2, 450 118, 304 3, 508
Mooneye, fresh..---.--..e.cc-e-nnnnnncccosceses- dogeace 9, 300 88 7, 656 77
Mooneyo; ‘Smoked. =~ 2.20. ccceccccrcewscemonesce dors 1, 465 70 7, 250 855
TRUK Coe mies «rete = = a seins n= om = Reiin wae win we wim ital do.... DOW co, | Bll Scot motte eee
Quillback or white carp....--.------------+----.- dorsre 60, 605 864 14, 238 259
Spoonbill cat or paddlefish....-......-.-.------.- do.. 8, 877 557 2,923 215
Sturgeon lake sae wc ae =- ane= eeiaee nimeise nle dozens 1,067 129 512 104
HOGGHe) odad oss anscSsteocsco sao ckeses=sseeesee doves 18,340 439 15, 260 472
SuNfish.-..cccceccwccccccccccccscccnccccscccccsss doze 50 | eeeoce ce oe) | eckis: sc
Ne Ae eth So Sane GEG ceccco spe Scocsnecoense5 8 55d45- 758, 670 33,719 | 1,212,809 78, 555
LAKE KEOKUK.
Persons engaged: Fishermen..............--.---.0-+.-.---- 105i eso eoeec 118 jl coor
Boats, apparatus, and other property:
(GASOLINODOALS oe £ fe lo mistow aterm w= wl-fofelm = mew elelnln a a eig ein sia= 36 3, 870 52 4,730
ERO WV OS GS ere toate etna n ine alete inte ale alam im ele foinelelatntelete'aielinlelelel= ee . 64 ! 810
Houseboats....... | ESS acne nce d eau oabe sececqomasasor « 16 3,978
By Ke NOUS: oe oie wajns'nleinin vin «iu elein einie winiele miecin aie 1,368 8,929
POITOS Se close setale ala!ofaln wie ialminloie l= win late lel lale = '='afatule 1
Anchoredugill nets 2c ae1a see sitaw ween e's x 12 180
SingiemerG iG Ss Spee cen cer escesoescaoesIeEe =e 17 472
TETAD Netskre pas «<= ahaa selec <w efeivialaimisinie's oc wlmn's 81 221
FOL AVIGs HANG LIFOS Haters etatereiaal Wie ale ere olele ate lew eee eae a aeeraagaaine DS i eeeteratetra olatete b 132
Shore ANGISceessorys PLOPOMUY xc own wow eniociemauchersricce|ssecadesaes SiS REE RE RES Ee 1,630
Total....... Perce os Seb se cods Sessa ass SESE Seas e Iau 16;190))-4-—eeee 21,879
Products:
IBIBCKADASSa =p ae eal a tales o\nl-'oin needle aideislewe eine pounds 15 1 4,163 418
Bowdsin: (dogfish) ccs cees<cecc-teemeeccceses scene 0: 22 |) Ack wcean ancien aeteeee 26, 000 390
BUI ALORS a. ote vie'eetefe isis c's =i=einioi='elsieinieinle wie eee do.... 249, 900 9, 252 696, 543 40, 563
CAiD epee ss cate cescnncss csc ectedeccesescesecsa=te Ores 302,365 7,823 762, 259 28, 800
Cathshteenacscececccastem = cac = eaten ede. ses =a ene deans 71, 535 4,855 109, 904 8,192
CrapplGcaea- Secrets cers er cca nch ess esacnen sean ee do 70 17,560 1, 103
Holes enon tance ccsaeanconcssshascacteatcenaetee do... 3, 800 2 2,087 318
Fresh-water (rum. .....-..----scsesesedenssosee- do 26,860 §27 160, 554 8, 130
IB Saeco eoen deat Se eoboodos Gua biCedodribocaceace Qn ens| sacioisesteeiiiec |e aicieetamtar 20
Quillback’or:w ite Carp:22-<-.se cece ace cnc coe ens 8 Martel EC RO CSCS SSBOSGOS Se 5,936 244
Spoonbi | cat or paddlefish.................-....- Os cele oncieesiecer ts celgae ater 927 68
STUTE CON BANG pees tee ate atte eee titer dgr-c2 ¢ 1,900 121 454 37
SUG Gr Soares eee ie oie cle oiaielenteisiclamisisieis nisin doves 4,640 164 700 38
STEEN soo co deco te SHE Oo COO SECO Ie ESD SEBGSDSe douse 50 3 13, 879 813
Totals 2. USS glee Ree eee enc oe cate ee Dees 661,135 | 23,300 | 1,800, 986 89,117 |
aNo barges were reported in 1914.
> No hand lines were reported for 1917.
¢ Reported as lake sturgeon in 1914,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 81
ALASKA FISHERIES SERVICE.
EXTENT OF THE ALASKA FISHERIES.
In 1917 the fisheries of Alaska attained their highest development
up to that time. The number of persons employed was 29,491, an in-
crease of 5,497 over 1916. The capital invested was $54,937,549, an
increase of $15,367,937. The value of the products as first placed
on the markets was $51,466,980, an increase of $25,310,421. This
marked advance in value, amounting to 96 per cent, was due partly
to a larger catch and pack of important species, but mostly to an
extraordinary increase of the market prices of canned salmon, rang-
ing from 56 per cent for red salmon, 64 per cent for cohoes, 76 per
cent for humpbacks, and 84 per cent for chums to 94 per cent for
kings. The salmon industry continues to overshadow all other
branches, and in 1917 surpassed all previous records as regards the
quantity of products taken and the market value thereof. The aug-
mented production was due in part to increased fishing and canning
operations and in part to extremely heavy runs of fish in certain re-
gions. The additional canneries numbered 18, including 3 which,
while in existence in 1917, were not then devoted to salmon. South-
eastern Alaska had a very heavy run of humpbacks, which gave an
increased pack of more than 1,000,000 cases. In central Alaska there
was a decline in the catch of both red and humpback salmon, but the
Karluk and Alitak sections showed even larger runs of red salmon
than in the exceptionally good year of 1916. Western Alaska had
the largest catch of red salmon ever made there, aggregating more
than 24,000,000 fish, or 2,500,000 in excess of the best previous year,
1914. The total number of salmon taken in all Alaska in 1917 was
slightly over 92,600,000, of which 44,875,000 were humpbacks and
36,497,000 were reds.
The 118 salmon canneries in operation packed 5,947,286 cases (of
48 one-pound cans), valued at $46,304,090, an increase of more than
1,000,000 cases over 1916. The other products of the salmon indus-
try—namely, fresh, frozen, mild-cured, pickled, dry-salted, and
smoked fish—had a value of $1,473,991.
Ranking next to the salmon industry came the halibut fishery, with
a catch valued at $1,120,226; the herring fishery, $767,729; the cod
fishery, $744,976; and the whale fishery, $654,852, all of which were
of greater value in 1917 than in the previous year.
Detailed statistics of all branches of the Alaska fisheries have been
gathered by the Bureau and have been published, with discussion, in
the annual report of the Alaska service.
TAX ON SALMON CANNED IN ALASKA,
The act of June 26, 1906, for the protection and regulation of the
fisheries of Alaska, provides that packers of canned salmon shall
pay a license tax on their output at a rate per case depending on the
species packed. Salmon in Alaska is packed in cases containing 48
1-pound cans, 48 half-pound cans, or 96 half-pound cans. The
bulk of the salmon is packed in 1-pound cans, 48 to the case. The
Bureau of Fisheries has always assumed that a case of salmon for
82 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
the purpose of the law in question meant a definite amount, namely,
48 pounds of salmon, and in assembling statistics of the fisheries of
Alaska it has consistently considered a package containing 48 half-
pound cans of salmon as a half case.
Recently the clerk of the district court in southeastern Alaska,
acting in accordance with an opinion by the United States attorney
at Juneau, insisted that salmon canneries pay a license tax upon their
canned product at so much per case, without reference to the quantity
of salmon involved. This action was manifestly arbitrary in that
the amount of taxes to be collected would be based not upon the
quantity of salmon packed but upon a condition brought about by
the desires of salmon packers or the changing notions of the public
as to the size of case which could be handled to the best advantage.
The situation was brought to the attention of the Bureau of Fish-
eries by the Association of Pacific Fisheries. Upon the request of
the Bureau, the Solicitor for the Department of Commerce rendered
an opinion in regard to the matter, which was to the effect that a
case of salmon within the meaning of the fisheries act of June 26,
1906, was a definite amount, 48 pounds of salmon. The matter was
then referred to the Attorney General of the United States with the
request that if he concurred in the opinion of the Solicitor, instruc-
tions be issued to the United States attorney at Juneau to enforce
the collection of license taxes on that basis. The Attorney General
concurred with the opinion of the Solicitor for the Department of
Commerce, and instructions were issued to collect the tax on canned
salmon in accordance therewith.
INSPECTION OF PRIVATE SALMON HATCHERIES.
Representatives of the Bureau have made the usual inspections of
private salmon hatcheries maintained by companies engaged in
salmon canning. Three of these plants, located at Loring, Quadra,
and Hetta, were operated in 1917-18. Their work was in general
found to be conducted in a satisfactory manner, but additional facili-
ties for rearing salmon should be provided in order that they may
fulfill their highest purpose. The output of these hatcheries during
the fiscal year 1918 was 23,712,000 red-salmon fry, all of which were
planted in local waters. Under the law, the rebates of taxes on
canned fish allowed as an offset to the hatching operations amounted
to $9,484.80.
WATERS CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL FISHING.
Pursuant to the authority conveyed by section 6 of the act approved
June 26, 1906, and for the purpose of giving needed protection to
salmon in various parts of Alaska, the following orders prohibiting
or restricting salmon fishing were promulgated during the fiscal year
1918 after hearings held in accordance with law. The orders became
effective on January 1, 1918.
Karluk River, under date of November 80, 1917.—That until further notice
all fishing for salmon, or other fishing in the prosecution of which salmon are
taken or injured, excepting only the native Indians taking limite@? numbers of
salmon for their own consumption and not for sale or barter. be and is hereby
prohibited in waters of Alaska, as follows: In Karluk River and Lagoon, and
all tributary waters,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 83
Bering River, under date of November 30, 1917.—That until further notice
all fishing for salmon or other fishing in the prosecution of which salmon are
taken or injured, be and is hereby prohibited in waters of Alaska, as follows:
Bering River and all tributary waters, including Bering Lake, above a line
extending at right angles across Bering River from a point approximately
eight hundred (800) feet northwesterly from the mouth of Gandil River,
Alaska.
Copper River, under date of December 29, 1917.—That until further notice
all fishing for salmon, or other fishing in the prosecution of which salmon
are taken or injured, in the Copper River and its delta, and all tributary
waters, Alaska. be, and is hereby, made subject to the following limitations
and prohibitions in addition to the general restrictions already applicable by
virtue of existing laws and regulations:
1. Commercial fishing is prohibited in all waters of the Copper River delta
from 6 a. m. on January 1 to 6 a. m. on June 1 of each year, and in the waters
of Miles Lake and Abercrombie Canyon from 6 a. m. on January 1 to 6 a. m.
on June 5 of each year.
2. A weekly close season from 6 p. m. Saturday to 6 a. m. of the Monday
following shall be observed in all of the waters herein referred to, in which
fishing is permitted.
8. Commercial fishing in the waters of the delta shall be limited to set nets,
stake nets, and drift gill nets: Provided, however, That the four existing traps
east of Cape Whitshed may be continued in operation, but without change of
location or increase in size. No stake net, set net, or drift gill net shall ex-
ceed 1.000 feet in length. Only one stake net or set net shall be extended out
from shore from one location, and no offshore stake nets or set nets will be per-
mitted; the lateral distance interval between all such nets in the waters of
the delta shall be not less than 1,800 feet.
4. All fishing is prohibited from the head of the delta to the foot of Miles
Lake at all times.
5. All fishing in Miles Lake shall be limited to stake nets and set nets. No
such nets shall exceed 600 feet in length, and only one such net shall be ex-
tended out from shore from one location; no offshore nets will be permitted in
the lake. The lateral distance interval between all nets in Miles Lake shall
be not less than 600 feet.
6. Fishing in Abercrombie Canyon shall be restricted to the use of dip nets
operated by hand, such nets not to exceed 16 inches in greatest diameter and
only one dip net shall be operated by a person. On the east side of the canyon
there shall be distance intervals of at least 300 feet between fishermen operat-
ing dip nets. No fishing will be permitted in the so-called bear holes near
the upper end of Abercrombie Canyon.
7. No fishing will be permitted at any time in the waters of the Copper River
above Abercrombie Canyon, or in any of the waters tributary thereto, except
in the case of local residents, who may take limited numbers of salmon for
domestic use: Provided, That such fishing shall at no time be upon the spawn-
ing grounds of any salmon.
8. No set net or stake net shall be operated in any other than substantially
a straight line.
9. For the purposes herein considered, the delta of the Copper River will
be regarded as including all waters south of an east and west line passing
through Mile 27 on the Copper River & Northwestern Railway, as at present
established, and inside of a line from Point Martin to Cape Whitshed drawn
so as to include the waters of the Martin Islands, the Egg Islands, and all
tidal flats and islands between.
10. The lower end of Miles Lake shall be considered as at the bridge of the
Copper River & Northwestern Railway at Mile 49. The upper end of Miles
Lake shall be considered as at a point near Mile 524 on the Copper River &
Northwestern Railway where the river loses its identity in the lake, this point
to be as indicated by notices posted by duly authorized representatives of the
Bureau of Fisheries.
11. Abercrombie Canyon shall be considered as extending from the upper
end of Miles Lake to Tunnel Point, near Mile 534 on the Copper River & North-
western Railway.
12. For the purposes of this order the following definitions are adopted to
apply to the words in question where the same are used: ‘ Stake net,” a gill
net attached or affixed to piles or stakes; “ set net,’”’ an anchored gill net.
84 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
FISHERY PATROL AND STREAM WATCHMEN.
During the fishing season of 1917 the Bureau employed in the
fishery patrol of the Alaskan coast two small vessels, named the
Murre and the Auklet, after local sea birds, which had been built to
ordet and put in commission in July. These are seaworthy craft,
constructed after the well-tried salmon purse-seine boat, and have
given entire satisfaction. In addition to the Osprey, which was put
into commission in the latter part of the fiscal year, the Bureau hired
for the fishery patrol of the Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet, and
Nushagak regions a schooner and three launches.
For the season of 1918 there was placed in service at Fairbanks
a boat which the Bureau had built for the use of its employees in
connection with field work on the Yukon River and its tributaries.
This boat will greatly facilitate the work of the wardens and others
in enforcing the laws for the protection of fisheries and also fur-
bearing animals in the interior of Alaska. This boat, named the
Swan, is 32 feet in Jength and 1s equipped with a 20-horsepower
motor. There are sleeping accommodations for two persons. Here-
tofore employees of the Bureau have been dependent upon private
boats for transportation in these waters.
For the fishing season of 1918 the Bureau inaugurated an addi-
tional feature for securing the more adequate enforcement of the
fishery laws. A number of temporary employees, designated as
stream watchmen, were detailed to important fishing grounds in
southeastern and central Alaska. Each watchman was assigned a
limited area to patrol, which he was expected to keep under con-
tinuous observation. In certain regions where fishing is carried on
by means of gill nets, haul and purse seines, or other movable appa-
ratus, these watchmen will be much more effective than patrol boats.
Patrol boats can enforce the law in respect to movable apparatus only
while actually present at the fishing grounds where it is used. The
appropriation necessarily limited the number of men who could be
advantageously employed in this way. However, by selecting cer-
tain strategic points for operations and by shifting the watchmen
from one stream to another in response to changing conditions in
respect to fishery operations it is thought that a very considerable
amount of protection may be afforded the fisheries at comparatively
small cost.
Ten men were employed to undertake this work. Seven of them
were secured through the dean of the University of Washington,
five of the seven being students at the university and two being pro-
fessors, while an eighth was a graduate of the university. One man
was secured in the State of Washington, and the tenth man was
engaged in southeastern Alaska. Five of the men were assigned
to -ork in southeastern Alaska and five in central Alaska under the
immediate direction of the Bureau’s regular officers. A number of
small boats were hired for the use of these men.
Various prosecutions have been instituted in the Alaska courts
and before United States commissioners for violations of laws and
regulations for the protection of salmon. The violations consisted
mostly of nonobservance of the weekly close season, operation of
gear within prohibited distances of other gear, and failure to mark
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 85
pound nets so that ownership could be determined. In most cases
a plea of guilty was entered and fines were imposed.
CENSUS OF RED SALMON IN WOOD RIVER.
The Bureau has continued to make the annual count of the red
salmon passing up Wood River to their spawning grounds in Lake
Aleknagik. The 1917 census, conducted as in previous years, and
with the usual indispensable assistance of the Alaska Packers Asso-
ciation and the Alaska-Portland Packers’ Association, showed an
escapement from the active fishing in the Nushagak River of
1,081,508 red fish between June 26 and August 1. The heaviest runs
occurred on July 11 to 14, inclusive, when 529,588 fish were counted.
The purpose of this census has been fully explained in previous
reports. The results since its inception have been as follows:
Number. Number
TUS OS Dara Ie eee Se PE IGOO G50) ih) Old Le AEA: Ae ee ee 753, 109
UO ORR a Se AES Se Fei yd ot SOS LAS SoG Ail boy baie) See as tea ey tet 259, 341
AON eee ey AE Aa Oe G(059 044-1916 on SE eet ee bess 551, 959
le delewemer 2s SMR eee er SO4, 290" LOL 2 ee ere Se eee 1, 081, 508
TCO Ue Ss Re Ope es Dee 325, 264
FISHERY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE.
The Bureau has continued to carry out the wishes of the Legisla-
ture of Alaska, as set forth in a memorial asking that the Bureau of
Fisheries, in conjunction with the Washington-Alaska Military
Cable and Telegraph System, arrange to have the prices of fresh
fish at Seattle and Ketchikan bulletined every day at the cable office’
of every town on the Alaska coast where fishing vessels call for the
purpose of shipping fish southward and to have once a week the
prices of salt fish of the varieties caught in Alaska waters bulletined
at the cable offices of the Alaska coast. The War Department, which
operates the Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph Sys-
tem, expressed its willingness to receive, transmit, and post bulletins
furnished by the Bureau of Fisheries, and early in July, 1917, the
service was initiated, the information thus furnished including (1)
the forwarding each day, Sundays and holidays excepted, to Juneau,
Petersburg, Ketchikan, Wrangell, Sitka, Valdez, Seward, Cordova,
and Skagway the noon Seattle prices for fresh halibut, sablefish, and
red rockfish; (2) inclusion with the Seattle quotations on Monday of
each week the prices of pickled sablefish, salmon, and herring; and
(3) the furnishing from Ketchikan of local information, correspond-
ing to that furnished from Seattle, to the other Alaska towns supplied
with the Seattle quotations. The purpose of this service is to keep
the fishermen of this remote coast in touch with market conditions,
so that they may dispose of their catches more profitably, and thereby
be induced to increase the production of fish. The service has met
with general favor.
FISHERY EXPLOITATION WORK. s
The success which attended the Alaska work of the Bureau in the
fishing season of 1917 in distributing literature and sending special
assistants to the field to demonstrate practical operations, particularly
86 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
with respect to introducing the Scotch method of curing herring, en-
couraged it in renewing similar operations in the 1918 season. The
results have proved the value of this undertaking, and there is every
reason to believe that there will be a further gratifying increase in
the production of herring and various more or less neglected fishes.
ESTABLISHMENT OF SALMON CANNERIES ON YUKON RIVER.
The proposed establishment in 1918 of a salmon cannery at An-
dreafski on the Yukon River brought forth strong protest from
many quarters. It was advanced that cannery operations on the
Yukon would deplete the supply of salmon upon which the natives
living along the river and its tributaries depended in a large degree
for their subsistence. It was also claimed that the white popula-
tion would suffer if this source of food should be restricted to the
extent feared. The Yukon and its tributaries drain a large extent
of inhabited territory, and while most rivers in Alaska are fished
near their mouths only, the waters of the Yukon are the scene of
fishery operations from Bering Sea to points in Canada many hun-
dreds of miles from the sea.
On account of the protests which were made, a hearing was held
at Seattle on May 17, 1918, at which persons interested in the matter
were given an opportunity to be heard. At the hearing it did not
develop that there was any particular alarm in regard to the deple-
tion that would be caused by the operation of a single cannery. ‘The
apprehension was that this particular cannery would be but one of
many to be built, the aggregate result of which would be the deple-
tion of the Yukon salmon supply. The Bureau has made arrange-
ments to hold another hearing in regard to the matter at Seattle on
November 20, 1918. Meanwhile, steps have been taken for a survey
of the salmon resources of the Yukon and its tributaries and deter-
mination of the extent to which salmon are utilized by natives and
other residents of the region in question. A number of employees of
the Bureau have been detailed to make a special study of the situa-
tion on the ground. All persons known to be interested in the
matter have been supplied with schedules to be filled out by them
and returned to the Bureau, which it is hoped will develop further
information. The Bureau of Education is cooperating with the
Bureau of Fisheries in the matter, and officials of the Department
of Justice in Alaska are rendering assistance.
PERMITS FOR COMMERCIAL FISHERY OPERATIONS IN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS.
In the fiscal year 1918 permits authorizing certain fishery opera-
tions within the Aleutian Islands Reservation were issued as follows:
1. Alaska Commercial Co., authorized to engage in the business
of preserving cod and salmon for commercial purposes, erection of
any cannery excepted. :
2. Umnak Livestock Co., authorized to engage in the business of
preserving cod and salmon for commercial purposes, erection of any
cannery excepted. : :
3. Paul Buckley, authorized to engage in the business of taking
and utilizing whales for commercial purposes, erection of any can
nery excepted. .
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 87
4. N. E. Bolshanin, authorized to engage in the business of salting
cod and salmon for commercial purposes, erection of any cannery ex-
cepted.
5. Kuskokwim Fishing & Transportation Co., authorized to es-
tablish a shore station for use in connection with the taking and
preservation of cod and salmon for commercial purposes, erection of
any cannery excepted.
6. Alaska Fishing Co., authorized to take not to exceed 1,000 bar-
rels of salmon and to sell the same either fresh or salted.
7. Northern Fisheries (Inc.), authorized to engage in the business
of preserving cod for commercial purposes, erection of any cannery
excepted.
8. Alaska Commercial Co., authorized to purchase fish from natives
resident of the reservation and to preserve and sell the same for com-
mercial purposes.
9, O. K. Quean, authorized to pack and dispose of for commercial
purposes not to exceed 20 tons of cod and 200 barrels of salmon.
10. Edwin H. Larsen, authorized to establish and operate a saltery
for use in connection with the taking and preservation of cod and
salmon for commercial purposes.
11. Northern Fisheries (Inc.), authorized to engage in the pick-
ling of salmon, trout, atkafish, and other fishes for commercial pur-
oses.
i 12. Buckley Livestock, Fisheries & Transportation Co., authorized
to engage in cod-fishery operations upon Unalaska Island and to
build thereon suitable bunk houses, cookhouses, and storage buildings
necessary to carry on the business of catching, salting, and otherwise
curing codfish.
18. Buckley Livestock, Fisheries & Transportation Co., authorized
to construct and operate on Unalaska Island a plant for the canning
or salting of salmon or other food fishes taken in the vicinity of
Unalaska Island.
14. Unalaska Atkafish Co., authorized to engage in the salting or
mild curing of atkafish, codfish, and salmon for commercial purposes.
15. A. C. Goss, authorized to engage in miscellaneous fishery oper-
ations, construction or operation of any cannery excepted.
-16. Alaska Fishing Co., authorized to engage in commercial fish-
ery operations at Unalaska Island, construction or operation of any
cannery excepted.
ALASKA FUR-SEAL SERVICE.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS,
A very full report on the fur-seal service in all its. branches dur-
ing the season of 1917 is contained in the document entitled “Alaska
Fisheries and Fur Industries in 1917.” This may be consulted by
persons desiring to know details of the affairs of the Pribilof Islands
natives, fur seals, foxes, reindeer, and other matters. -
The greatly increased cost of supplies of all kinds rendered in-
adequate the appropriation for the fur-seal branch of the general
Alaska service for 1918 and necessitated an appeal to Congress for a
cpayerte§ appropriation of $35,000, which became available in Octo-
er, .
88 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
In April, 1918, there were sent to the Pribilofs three motor trucks,
two for St. Paul Island and one for St. George Island. Reports in-
dicate that these trucks have already proved very useful in various
ways; and with the gradual extension of road facilities, in which
the trucks will be of great aid, their usefulness will undoubtedly
increase.
It is gratifying to record that the natives of the Pribilof Islands
responded in a patriotic way to the third call for Liberty Loan sub-
scriptions. From funds held in the custody of the Commissioner of
Fisheries for certain of these natives, seven on St. Paul and four on
St. George requested that bonds aggregating $1,150 be purchased for
them. One woman subscribed for $400. From funds due for taking
fox skins, 24 natives subscribed for bonds aggregating $1,200, each
of the 24 subscribing for a $50 bond.
The act providing for the sundry civil expenses of the Government
for the fiscal year 1919 appropriated $20,000 for the purchase or
construction of a wooden power lighter for use at the Pribilof Islands.
Arrangements have been:made for the construction of a suitable
vessel. The craft will be about 70 feet in length and 17 feet in
breadth, with a cargo capacity of 30 to 40 tons, and provided with
an internal-combustion engine of about 80 horsepower. Sleeping
accommodations will be available for 6 employees of the Bureau
and for 10 natives. The vessel will be substantial and seaworthy,
and able to make trips when necessary from the Pribilof Islands to
Unalaska, a distance of 250 miles across Bering Sea. It is planned
that the vessel will be ready for service next season.
Early in 1918, in response to the request of the Department of Com-
merce, the Navy Department arranged for the detail of a Coast
Guard vessel for patrolling the North Pacific Ocean and Bering
Sea for the protection of fur seals and sea otters. A patrol for the
purpose indicated is required by the provisions of the North Pacific
Sealing Convention of July 7, 1911.
In order to obviate the waste of such valuable products as oil and
fertilizer, obtainable from the carcasses of seals, the installation of
a reduction plant has been a great desideratum at the Pribilof Islands.
Money for this purpose having been made available by the President,
the necessary machinery, equipment, and other materials have been
purchased and forwarded to St. Paul Island, and the plant will
shortly be ready for use. |
The transportation of persons and supplies to the seal islands and
of persons and products therefrom has been efficiently performed by
the steamer Roosevelt, which during the fiscal year made three trips
from Seattle and gave the islands a more adequate service than was
ever before possible. While operating expenses of this vessel are con-
siderable, they are far less than would be required for the unsatisfac-
tory transportation such as was formerly rendered by chartered ves-
sels. In fact, the work performed by the Roosevelt during the year
would, if done by a private vessel, have cost the Government a sum
that would cover the purchase price of this vessel.
With the publication of Funsten Bros. & Co.’s catalogue which an-
nounced the sale of sealskins at St. Louis on April 22, 1918, there
were formally adopted new terms for use in classifying sealskins.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 89
The terms formerly used represented the fortuitous outgrowth of
years and were in some cases misleading in that they gave the un-
initiated the impression that skins were taken from seals which are
never killed for commercial purposes at the Pribilofs. The new
terms avoid the faults of the old, and each one means that the skin
to which it is applied has a length varying only within specified
limits. It is believed that this innovation will meet with general ap-
proval by the fur-buying public. A comparison of the old and new
terms, with the size hmits of the new terms, follows:
Old classification. New classification. Lengths.
‘ Inches
GBSt eee ocat ec s--cee-s2s-o~ -lonmeessenn-lm ee \iiesier wm See pe 6 2 oe Soe ee ee ee ee Above 55
Regleines tepamais 00.0 7917200, 00, gs] eatewextra large! aioe bboseadaaeent 49 to 55
al epee oR ee PEE ce: fects es att: xtravlange & of: os 2 caer. Socigs = weiSeta cial estas oe 46 to 48
UE VHEG) (PUDDLES Sek BeOS ASS Tagan ebBectssern {Aae LUNES) eee es Si easahe SoSdeses Gee eeene see oee 43 to 45
Middlinge pups: .<2-- eee es ss ee Mea Tams ss? 55.323 S5 Stee: WES BSL See 39 to 42
Term ldl [OS ose Se soba sce be oe seouSb asec dcr sae Smallimnediums Se. sees. sce eee ase sees 35 to 38
RESUMPTION OF SEAL KILLINGS FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES.
By the provisions of the act of Congress approved August 24, 1912,
giving effect to the North Pacific Sealing Convention of July 7, 1911,
it became permissible to take fur-seal skins for commercial purposes
at the Pribilof Islands after August 24,1917. The season when seal-
skins can be obtained for commercial purposes to best advantage ends
about August 10, and for this reason no considerable number of skins
were secured in 1917. Early in 1918 the Secretary of Commerce
tentatively authorized the taking of 25,000 skins during 1918, this
number to be increased later should the conditions warrant. The
quota was apportioned between the two islands as follows: 20,000 to
St. Paul Island and 5,000 to St. George Island. By July 31, 1918,
the take of sealskins on St. Paul Island in the calendar year was
23,889 and on St. George Island 6,711. Following the unanimous
opinion expressed by responsible Government representatives on the
islands, the Secretary in July, 1918, authorized an increase in the
season’s quota from 25,000 to 35,000 skins, 28,000 being apportioned
to St. Paul Island and 7,000 to St. George Island. To August 10,
1918, the skins taken numbered 33,881.
In connection with the expansion of sealing operations at. the Pribi-
lofs it was evident that outside assistance would be necessary on St.
Paul Island if the desired number of skins was to be taken. Ar-
rangements were accordingly made whereby Funsten Bros. & Co., of
St. Louis, the firm which sells for the Department the sealskins taken
at the Pribilofs, sent 5 men to assist with those features of the work
which require more or less expert knowledge of the handling and care
of furs. To supplement the services of the natives of St. Paul in the
killing of seals, the taking of skins, etc., 11 natives were hired’ at
Unalaska and taken to the islands early in the sealing season.
AUTHENTICATION OF FUR-SEAL SKINS TAKEN BY WASHINGTON INDIANS,
The Bureau has again had the cooperation of the superintendent
of the United States Indian Service at Neah Bay, Wash., in the mat-
ter of authenticating fur-seal skins lawfully taken by Indians dwell-
90 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
ing on the coast of Washington. The North Pacific Sealing Con-
vention of July 7, 1911, permits these Indians to take sealskins under
certain restricted conditions.
To July 31, 1918, the skins thus authenticated numbered 395. The
records submitted show that 388 of the seals involved were taken in
April, May, and June, 1918. Information as to when the other 7
were captured is not stated but it is assumed that they were taken in
the same months. The records also show that 251 of the seals were
males, 142 females, the sex of 2 not being given. All of the seals
were speared from canoes operating from 10 to 25 miles west of La
Push, Wash.
While it is regretted that so large a proportion of female seals were
captured, yet so long as the Indians are to have the privilege of tak-
ing seals it is not seen how the killing of females can be prevented.
The Indians should undoubtedly continue to have the privilege which
they now possess, and with the herd in its present condition the num-
ber of females taken can not materially affect its status.
CONDITION OF THE SEAL HERD.
The census of the Alaskan seal herd in 1917 gave a total of 468,692
seals of all ages. The census was again under the immediate charge
of G. Dallas Hanna, of the Alaska service, who was assisted by
Dr. Harold Heath and members of the islands staff. The 1918 cen-
sus, although taken in the early part of the fiscal year 1919, should
be noted in this report. It was made under the same circumstances
as formerly, Mr. Hanna in charge and Dr. Heath assisting. The
number of pups born was 143,005, representing an equal number of
breeding cows, and the total strength of the herd as of date of
August 10 was computed to be 496,611, exclusive of 33,881 seals
killed for commercial purposes during the year. The only variation
from former methods of calculation was to increase from 123 to 20
per cent the annual natural mortality among the bulls, a course which
appeared to be justified by information gained during this census.
The great preponderance of old male seals, resulting from the
enforced suspension of commercial sealing for five years, is the only
unsatisfactory feature of the herd. The breeding males on the
islands in 1918 were sufficient for a herd of 740,000 cows, allowing
30 cows to a harem.
SALES OF PRIBILOF ISLANDS PRODUCTS.
During the fiscal year 1918 the revenue derived from the sale of
products of the Pribilof Islands was $417,815.20 gross and $296,228.85
net, the difference being largely in the cost of dressing and dyeing
sealskins before their sale at public auction. There were two sales
of sealskins, in October, 1917, and April, 1918, the number disposed
of being 9,339 and the gross receipts $379,392. Fox skins, taken
during the winter of 1916-17, were sold in October, 1917, 567 being
blue and 89 white; the gross receipts therefrom were $35,680.50.
Two lots of old seal bones, aggregating 193,570 pounds, brought
$2,742.70 gross,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 91
MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS OF ALASKA.
ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
The wardens and other employees of the Bureau have enforced
the laws and regulations for the protection of the minor fur-bearing
animals throughout Alaska. This duty has been performed as efh-
ciently as the number of the agents permitted. Through the coopera-
tion of the governor of Alaska the Bureau will be enabled to increase
its personnel for the protection of fur-bearing animals in Alaska by
the employment of game wardens in the Territory as special fur
wardens. In return the Bureau has authorized the governor to ap-
point a number of its wardens as ex-officio game wardens.
FURS SHIPPED FROM ALASKA,
It is indicated by statistics compiled by the Bureau that during
the period from November 16, 1916, to November 15, 1917, the value
of the furs shipped from Alaska wag $1,028,719, exclusive of the fur
seal and fox skins of the Pribilof Islands, as against $911,244 in the
preceding similar period. In a number of instances there was a de-
crease in the number of pelts.shipped, but the average price of prac-
tically all furs showed a material advance, hence the aggregate value
of the shipments in 1917 was considerably greater than that of the
previous year.
Acknowledgment is made of the cooperation of the Post Office De-
partment in securing accurate statistics of shipments of furs by mail.
The arrangements in effect for several years were reaflirmed when
under date of May 4, 1917, the Postmaster General issued an order
slightly modifying the previous arrangement. It is now the duty
of each postmaster in Alaska to furnish report blanks prepared by
the Bureau of Fisheries to persons who present furs for mailing,
and to see that no furs are sent to outside points until after the
shipper has filled out the blank. The postmaster signs the blank and
dispatches the shipment of furs without examining the contents.
The report is forwarded to the Bureau of Fisheries.
NEW REGULATIONS FOR PROTECTION OF FUR-BEARING ANIMALS.
The only change made in the fiscal year 1918 in the regulations
for the protection of fur-bearing animals in Alaska was one ap-
proved by the Secretary of Commerce under date of March 4, 1918,
extending the close season on beaver until November 1, 1923. This
~ change was made at the request of the Bureau, and was based in
large part on the recommendations of wardens in its service and at
the solicitation of the governor of Alaska and other persons having
the welfare of the Territory at heart.
Beavers in Alaska have been afforded entire protection for a num-
ber of years and the resulting increase in their numbers has fully
justified the action of the Department in the past. It was felt, how-
ever, that the reestablishment of the beaver in Alaska had been local
rather than general, and that since the colonial habits of the beaver
make extermination a comparatively easy matter, there should be
complete protection for a further period of five years.
'
92 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
FUR FARMING IN ALASKA.
As for a number of years past, there has been some activity in fur
farming. This has consisted chiefly of the liberation of adult foxes
on islands, although in a number of instances corrals have been con-
structed and the work has been conducted along scientific and busi-
nesslike lines. Reports have been received indicating that there
were 8 fur farms in operation in the interior of Alaska and that
20 islands were occupied for the breeding of fur-bearing animals.
At the end of the fiscal year 1918 five islands under the jurisdiction
of the Department had been leased for the propagation of fur-
bearing animals; these were Middleton, Simeonof, Little Koniuji,
Marmot, and Pear] Islands. The lease of Marmot Island was for-
feited in 1918.
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.
SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
In January, 1918, the Rhode Island Legislature granted the United
States permission to purchase the property which the Bureau has de-
sired to acquire on Block Island for a marine fish hatchery. The land
has since been purchased, title thereto has been perfected, plans for
the station have been made, and construction will be begun if the
greatly increased cost of material and labor will permit the comple-
tion of the hatchery and pumping plant within the appropriation.
No bid within the limit of the appropriation could be obtained
for the new motor boat authorized for the Woods Hole (Mass.)
station. The construction of two steel fish-distribution cars has not
been possible, owing to the inability of properly equipped establish-
ments to handle this kind of work at this time. Another piece of
construction work that has lapsed is the lobster-rearing plant for
which Congress made a small appropriation in 1917. The reduction
of the size of this proposed plant to a point that greatly impairs its
value still leaves its estimated cost far in excess of the appropriation.
The project will have to be held in abeyance or Congress must in-
crease the appropriation.
With the additional appropriation for the laboratory at Key West,
Fla., there have been constructed a director’s residence and a pump
house, both of terra cotta hollow tile, and a concrete cistern for fresh
water with a capacity of 2,000 gallons.
At the Cape Vincent (N. Y.) station, new machinery has been
installed, and the purchase of about 7.5 acres of additional land is
contemplated in order to construct ponds and institute pond culture
at this point.
A double frame building for quarters has been built at the Boze-
man (Mont.) station. Each part is 30 by 50 feet and contains 6
rooms.
At the Orangeburg (S. C.) station 5 new ponds have been con-
structed, and at the Saratoga (Wyo.) station 2 new ponds have been
completed, and there have been extensive improvements to the water
supply, including the addition of a filtering system.
VESSEL SERVICE,
The repairs which the steamer Albatross was undergoing at the
Mare Island Navy Yard at the beginning of the year were completed
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 93
early in November, and on the 19th of that month the vessel was
formally taken over by the Navy for the period of the war.
The steamer Fish Hawk was used by the Navy under an informal
agreement from July 1 until January 11, when the vessel was sent
to the yard of the Old Dominion Marine Railway Corporation at
Berkley, Va., for repairs to hull and machinery, for which a special
appropriation was provided. The principal items of work on the
hull embrace a complete overhauling throughout, rebolting of sheath-
ing, replacing worn plates, rearranging and modernizing space and
quarters, a new keel, and a new main deck. There were installed a
new condenser and fore-and-aft compound engines, designed to
develop 200 horsepower. Although the repairs were not completed
until August, 1918, the vessel was taken over by the Navy on July 18.
Two of the smaller steamers of the Bureau, the Halcyon and the
Phalarope, have also been at the disposal of the Navy Department
during the entire year.
Three of the older vessels, the Grampus, the Curlew, and the
Blue Wing, having outlived their usefulness, have been condemned
and sold.
While the Roosevelt was discharging cargo of supplies at the seal
islands in May, 1918, an epidemic which had broken out among the
crew was diagnosed as diphtheria. After the administration of anti-
toxin by the physician at St. Paul Island, the Roosevelt proceeded
to Unalaska to enter quarantine. While there a situation developed
which led to the Roosevelt’s making a most noteworthy series of
rescues of lives and vessels. A number of cannery vessels had become
caught in the ice in Bering Sea, and a great loss of life and property
was imminent. Request was made for the assistance of the Coast
Guard cutter Unalga and of the Roosevelt. The Roosevelt started
out on the rescue work as soon as possible, and by reason of its con-
struction the master was able to take it through the heavy pack ice
and to meet the emergency in a way which probably could not have
been done with any other vessel afloat. In the course of the opera-
tions the Roosevelt rescued the St. Nicholas, the Centennial, and the
Star of Chile. 'Twenty-one persons from the wrecked vessel 7'acoma
were also rescued from a water-logged iceberg. It was estimated
that at the time of rendering assistance to the St. Nicholas that vessel
could not have survived more than 12 hours; more than 300 persons
were aboard. The Centennial, with 161 persons aboard, might have
survived another week at the time of its rescue.
FISHERY MATTERS IN CONGRESS.
No legislation affecting the Bureau aside from appropriation bills
was passed by Congress during the fiscal year 1918, but a number of
important measures in which the Bureau is concerned or interested
were introduced and considered by the appropriate committees, in-
cluding (1) a bill authorizing the construction of a building for the
Bureau of Fisheries in the District of Columbia, (2) a bill to protect
and conserve the halibut fisheries of the Pacific Ocean, (3) a bill to
prohibit traffic in lobsters taken outside the territorial waters of
Canada by United States vessels during the close season for lobsters
in such waters, and (4) bills transferring the control of the fisheries
of Alaska to the Territorial Legislature.
160695°—20-——7
94 REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.
A bill to ratify the agreement or compact between the States of
Washington and Oregon regarding concurrent jurisdiction over the
Columbia River in connection with the fisheries passed the House of
Representatives in March, the Senate in April, and became a law on
April 8, 1918. The passage of this bill was advocated by the Bureau
because of the stability it gives to laws for the protection of the
salmon in the Columbia River.
AMERICAN-CANADIAN FISHERIES CONFERENCE.
The Commissioner was associated with the Secretary and the As-
sistant Secretary of Commerce as a member of the American-Cana-
dian Fisheries Conference, appointed to consider outstanding fishery
questions between the United States and Canada. Following meet-
ings in Washington, D. C., in January, 1918, the conference held pub-
lic hearings in Boston and Gloucester, Mass., St. John, New Bruns-
wick, Seattle, Wash., Ketchikan, Alaska, and Vancouver and New
Westminster, British Columbia. At a meeting of the conference in
Ottawa in May, adjournment was taken until September, in order
that the testimony and exhibits might be fully considered before the
preparation of a final report with findings and recommendations.
The subjects that came before the conference were:
1. Privileges to the fishing vessels of either country in the ports of
the other.
2. Rehabilitation and protection of the sockeye salmon of the
Fraser River system.
3. Protection of the Pacific halibut fishery.
4. Fishing by United States lobster well-smacks off Canadian coast.
5. Protection of the fisheries of Lake Champlain.
6. Requirements imposed on Canadian fishing vessels passing
through territorial waters of Alaska.
7. Protection of the sturgeon fisheries.
8. International protection of whales.
As an emergency war measure, in order that no restrictions may be
placed on the production of food, the two Governments have reached
an agreement under which the fishing vessels of either country are
accorded in the ports of the other all the privileges enjoyed by domes-
tic vessels. A bill has been drawn and introduced in Congress hav-
ing for its object the suppression of the United States traffic in
lobsters caught off the Canadian coast when there is a close time
for lobsters on that coast. The Canadian Government has taken
the necessary action to give to the fish in the Canadian waters of
Lake Champlain the same protection that is accorded in New York
and Vermont. The former discriminatory practice of requiring Can-
adian fishing vessels passing through the territorial waters of Alaska
to enter and clear has been discontinued. The other subjects before
listed as coming before the conference will require legislation or a
treaty, or both.
Respectfully submitted.
H. M. Soiru,
Commissioner of Fisheries.
To Hon. Witi1am C. RepFrep,
Secretary of Commerce,
THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS
DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1918
HENRY O’MALLEY
Assistant in Charge of Fish Culture
Appendix | to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
CONTENTS.
Character oi works nc 208 <:.)<isaeebid Goa ocho toe wee ee a
Method oiidistabution. .:-. 2. 25629) ses sens oto oe cee oie oe ee
Species:euliawated : ius. . Js.) See eter oS ee ee See ee
Summarized statement of distribution Both AEE SRE ee ee
PUMIMAPy by Species: 262.12 3cise.. Se Ve ae
Allotments to State’fishiconimissions:: 288. 5 2.220 es. ee
Shipments to Canal Zone and foreign countries...........---.--...------
Details of output for 9s ssc: S25 a 2ee oS. ee ee Eee eee
Stations operated and the output of each... ..----...202..-2525. 2.0228
List ‘of eve-collecting Hiattions=24.5 22.4.8 RE bt Poses 2 2 Oe See
Distribution of fish and eggs, by States, waters, and species.........--.-------
Distribution costs_2.0s .ie Avice 5-6 Bee ee eae 2. eee ee eee ae eee
INDEX TO SPECIES DISTRIBUTED
Page
Atlantic salmon. 22222522200. 5-6% 27 | Miscellaneous fishes..........--.-
Blackspotted trout. .....:..--.~- 28 |: Pike and pickerel....=02.225 ce
Broce trotue> fase eens ee ee Ser PLO ERC cee ee ao i soi
Biuriialonshs. re. s. reese oN 20°} Poliseks2 2. Moe fy.
Cg eal RAR ee ape oe OE ae em he 20')| Rambow rout..22°. sae seeee
Waxthieh fo. Yee Se a Ly a River marrige. 24 2. ca oe ee
Chinook jpaimiou. 2552: ee. 3 22.| Rock bassinatss.. 5.28 ee eee
Chinmypalnione ase £55204 Se. Soe 22 \USNad occ s yee eee oe eee
LOGS: Tost AAT: TRARY LAINE 2 BRIE 754). Silver salinon: 21) 5f.. SSR ee
Grappicrt ete tues cent ee 47 | Smallmouth black bass... .......
iguana erst Sele ro h Sack: Tal eed 70.1) Sieltss 22 ete to eee
Fresh-water drum..........---.-- 47 | Sockeye salmon ............---:-
iaddockss0re. Mees 52 tu ke 75 | Steelhead salmon................
Humpback salmon 52 .%.£2...22 5: 22 | Striped basse. /..20-/ 2. 23st ee
Lake herring (cisco).......---:--- 21 | Sunapee trout. :.-2-. (5. eee
PakerGroubs. sien ess ae Sl | Sunfish (bream)=. <:2: So: aver
Landlocked salmon. .........-.--- 27-| ‘Warmouth ‘bass. 2. 222.20 ose
Largemouth black bass.........-.- bE Whitefish 54.0022 i422 Jet bere
bo Gebers eee Se SOU aa S are 76 4. Wite assoc 235600. 2/2 eee
Loch Leven\ trout... 22%. 255.20. 22% Sb] White-perchiss. fas ee eee
Mackerel te cise neces oe 75:|Yellow perehi:. 2232 52,52teeee
2
THE DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS DURING
THE FISCAL YEAR 1918.
CHARACTER OF WORK.
Fully nine-tenths of the fish-cultural resources of the Bureau of
Fisheries are devoted to the restoration and maintenance of the com-
mercial fisheries of the United States. The eggs of such important
commercial species as the salmons, shad, cod, whitefish, lake trout,
pike perch, pollock, and flatfish would be sent to market in the fish
and thus lost were they not taken by the Bureau from fish caught by
commercial fishermen, and the fry developed therefrom in specially
equipped hatcheries.
While it constitutes a comparatively small part of the Bureau’s
output, the upbuilding and extension of the fisheries of inland waters
is by no means a negligible factor, comprising as it does the produc-
tion and dissemination of valuable fresh-water fishes of many kinds
for introduction into public lakes, streams, and ponds, and also for
the stocking of preserves under private control. One of the leading
features of this branch of the work is the furnishing of suitable
stock fish for the establishment of a supply in the waters of regions
far remote from the markets, where dependence for food fishes must
be placed entirely on local resources.
Among the fishes most extensively cultivated for the fresh-water
streams and lakes of the interior are several species of trout, the
black basses, crappies, bream, and catfishes. Trout are artificially
hatched from eggs which are taken from both wild and domesticated -
stock, while the supply of black bass and other pond fishes of the
same general character is secured by allowing the mature fish to
breed naturally in specially prepared ponds. Owing to the great
demand for fishes suitable for culture in ponds, the Bureau is com-
pelled to supplement its station supplies by making collections of
young fishes which become stranded each season on the overflowed
lands adjacent to the Mississippi and Illmois Rivers. Less than 1
per cent of the fishes thus obtained are reserved for distribution in
distant waters, while the remainder are either returned to the main
channels of these rivers or placed in their immediate tributaries.
Prevailmg weather conditions have a great deal to do with the
measure of success attained in the Bureau’s annual rescue operations
in the Mississippi Valley. Sometimes it is impossible to secure
3
+t DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
young fish of the desired varieties in that field in numbers sufficient
to fill alf applications, which contingency necessitates the contm-
uance of the unfilled applications on file for attention during the
succeeding year. This accounts for the delay in supplying pond ~
fishes to applicants in the great majority of instances. Rescue work
can not be undertaken until the rivers have attained a low-water
stage. This is usually in July or August, and, owing to the short
season in which collections are possible, the Bureau has adopted the
policy of not listing for supply during the current year any applica-
tions received later than July 1. In this way the duplication of
trips to many sections of the country is obviated, and the expense of
the distribution work is kept down to a mimimum.
The salvage of fishes from temporary lagoons and lakes is of great
importance, as it means the conservation of millions of fish which
would otherwise be lost, either through the drying or the freezing of
the waters. The Bureau has received valuable assistance in this
work from various State fisheries authorities, club representatives,
and public-spirited citizens of the Mississippi Valley.
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION.
The fry hatched from the shad, whitefish, salmons, lake trout, lake
herring, pike perch, white perch, yellow perch, striped bass, cod,
lobster, pollock, flounder, and haddock are planted on the spawning
grounds from which the eggs are derived or utilized for the stocking
of new and suitable waters in an effort to extend the fisheries.
With respect to the game and food fishes of the interior, which
are propagated in comparatively small numbers, provision is made
for the return of a sufficient number of young fish to the waters where
eges are collected for the maintenance of the supply therein; the
remainder of the stock is then assigned to suitable lakes or streams
for which applications have been submitted by responsible individuals.
This class includes the various trouts, basses, sunfishes, and cat-
fishes.
Blanks upon which formal applications for fish can be made are
furnished by the Bureau on request. Upon the receipt of applications
properly executed and bearing the indorsement of a United States
Senator or Representative, an assignment of fish is made, suitable for
the waters described and to the Bureau’s facilities to supply, and the
delivery is arranged for as soon as possible thereafter. Applicants
should confine their choice of fishes to species that are indigenous to
the region of the waters to be stocked. -Nonindigenous species of
fishes are assigned only upon the recommendation of the State fish-
eries authorities, and not then unless such recommendation conforms
to the Bureau’s judgment.
The Bureau refuses requests for such predaceous fishes as the black
bass, sunfish, and kindred species for introduction into waters in
eae
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 5
California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, or western
Montana, as it is believed their presence in such waters might prove
harmful to the trout and salmon fisheries of that region.
Each species of fish spawns at a specific time during the year—the
brook trout and the domesticated rainbow trout of eastern, waters in
the fall or early winter; the blackspotted trout, steelhead trout, and
the wild rainbow trout of western waters during the spring; while all
of the pond fishes reproduce in the spring or early summer.
The product of each season is distributed as the fish attam proper
size for shipment, and after the exhaustion of the stock of one season
no more are available until the same season the following year.
The distribution of trout in the Eastern States begins in March and
is completed by the last of June, while trout shipments to applicants
in the Middle States extend from about May 1 until well along in
July. In the Rocky Mountain States the trout distributions occur
somewhat later, the work usually starting by September 1 and con-
tinuing into the early winter.
The black basses produced at the Bureau’s pond-cultural stations
are distributed between May and August, while the miscellaneous
fishes rescued from overflowed lands and the output of rock bass,
crappie, sunfish, and catfish from these stations are shipped simulta-
neously, the distribution usually extending from August to December,
It is the policy of the Bureau to fill applications in the order of
their receipt so far as practicable, but it is impossible to state defi-
nitely, in advance, when the fish requested by an applicant can be
furnished, the approximate time of delivery depending upon trans-
portation facilities, which are not always available on a given date,
and, in the case of the pond or river fishes, upon the degree of suc-
cess attained in the collections.
The number of fish assigned on an application must necessarily be
governed by the available supply of the species requested and the
time of year scheduled for the delivery, it being obvious that very
young fishes which have not been fed can be furnished in much
larger numbers than those which have been held at considerable ex-
pense at the Bureau’s stations until they have attained the size of
fingerlings. It is the aim of the Bureau in all cases to allot a suffi-
cient number of a given species to form a brood stock for the water
area described, and those interested in the lake or stream so stocked
are relied upon to see that the fish are afforded proper protection by
the restriction or prohibition of fishing until a sufficient length of
time has elapsed for them to reproduce, a period which will vary
from two to three years, according to the species furnished.
Fry or very young fish can be shipped in much larger numbers
than those of the fingerling sizes. A 10-gallon transportation can
will safely carry from 2,000 to 3,000 fry of the trouts or black basses,
6 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
from 500 to 1,000 one-inch fish of these species, and of those 2 inches
long, from 100 to 300. It has been calculated that the varying num-
bers of the different sizes stated have practically equal value for stock
purposes, as the losses in open waters from natural causes are in
about the ratios indicated.
Some of the commercial species propagated—whitefish, pike perch,
white perch, and shad, which are distributed only as fry—are so
small that as many as 100,000 can be carried in a 10-gallon can.
Fish intended for applicants are carried to destination in specially
equipped railroad cars belonging to the Bureau, or in the regular
baggage cars attached to passenger trains, an experienced. messenger
accompanying them for the purpose of aerating the water en route.
The only expense the applicant is put to in connection with the trans-
action is that of transporting the fish from the railroad station des-
ignated in the application to the waters in which they are to be
liberated. Some days in advance of an intended delivery the con-
signee is notified and given detailed instructions regarding the recep-
tion and care of the fish after they are turned over to him. He is
notified again by wire a few hours before the arrival, in order that
he may meet the train and receive the consignment, which will be
handed to him from the car by the messenger.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918, the Bureau received
8,504 applications from individuals and associations for fish to stock
public and private waters. Requests for blanks upon which to sub-
mit applications for fish should be addressed to the Commissioner of
Fisheries, Washington, D. C.
SPECIES CULTIVATED.
During the fiscal year 1918 the Bureau handled some 50 species of
fish and the lobster. Of these the following were produced at its reg-
ular propagating stations:
THE CATFISHES (SILURID2):
Horned pout, bullhead, yellow cat (Ameiurus nebulosus).
Marbled cat (Ameiurus nebulosus marmoratus).
THE SUCKERS AND BUFFALOFISHES (CATOSTOMID2:):
Smallmouth buffalofish (Ictiobus bubalus).
Common buffalofish (Ictiobus cyprinella).
Black buffalofish (Ictiobus urus).
THE SHADS AND HERRINGS (CLUPEID):
Shad (Alosa sapidissima).
Alewife (Pomolobus pseudoharengus).
THE SALMONS, TROUTS, WHITEFISHES, ETC. (SALMONIDA):
Common whitefish (Coregonus albus and C. clupeaformis).
Lake herring, cisco (Leucichthys artedi).
Chinook salmon, king salmon, quinnat salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha).
Silver salmon, coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch).
Blueback salmon, redfish, sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka).
Humpback salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta).
a
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. ‘|
THE SALMONS, TROUTS, WHITEFISHES, ETC. (SALMONID®)—Continued.
Steelhead (Salmo gairdnert).
Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus).
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Landlocked salmon (Salmo sebago).
Blackspotted trout, Yellowstone Lake trout, cutthroat trout (Salmo lewisi).
Loch Leven trout (Salmo trutta levenensis).
Lake trout, Mackinaw trout, longe, togue (Cristivomer namaycush).
Brook trout, speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
Sunapee trout (Salvelinus aureolus).
THE SMELTS (ARGENTINID):
American smelt (Osmerus mordaz).
THE MACKERELS (SCOMBRID2):
Common mackerel (Scomber scombrus).
THE BASSES, SUNFISHES, AND CRAPPIES (CENTRARCHIDA):
Crappie (Pomozis annularis).
Rock bass, red-eye, goggle-eye (Ambloplites rupestris).
Warmouth, goggle-eye (Chxnobryttus gulosus).
Smallmouth black bass ( Micropterus dolomieu).
Largemouth black bass ( Micropterus salmoides).
Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis incisor).
Other sunfishes, chiefly Hupomotis gibbosus.
THE PERCHES (PERCID2):
Pike perch, wall-eyed pike, yellow pike, blue pike (Stizostedion vitreum).
Yellow perch, ring perch (Perca flavescens).
THE SEA BASSES (SERRANIDZ):
Striped bass, rockfish (Roccus lineatus).
White perch ( Morone americana). $
THE cops (GADIDz):
Cod (Gadus callarias).
Haddock ( Melanogrammus xglifinus).
Pollock (Pollachius virens).
THE FLOUNDERS (PLEURONECTID2):
Winter flounder, American flatfish (Pseudopleuronectes americanus).
CRUSTACEANS:
American lobster (Homarus americanus).
The fishes rescued from overflowed lands in the Mississippi Basin
and returned to the original streams were as follows:
THE CATFISHES (SILURIDA):
Spotted cat, blue cat, channel cat (Ictalurus punctatus).
Horned pout, bullhead, yellow cat (Ameiurus nebulosus).
THE SUCKERS AND BUFFALOFISH (CATOSTOMID2):
Common sucker (Catosomus commersonii).
Black sucker (Hypentelium nigricans).
Smallmouth buffalofish (Jctiobus bubalus).
Common buffalofish (Ictiobus cyprinella).
Black buffalofish (Ictiobus urus).
THE MINNOWS AND CARPS (CYPRINID):
Carp (Cyprinus carpio).
THE HERRINGS (CLUPEID2):
Skipjack (Pomolobus chrysochloris).
THE PIKES AND PICKERELS (Esocip2&):
Pike (Esox lucius).
Pickerel (Esozx reticulatus).
8 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
THE BASSES, SUNFISHES, AND CRAPPIES (CENTRARCHID):
Crappie (Pomoxis annularis).
Rock bass, red-eye, goggle-eye (Ambloplites rupestris).
Warmouth, goggle-eye (Chxnobryttus gulosus).
Largemouth black bass ( Micropterus salmoides).
Smallmouth black bass ( Micropterus dolomieu).
Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis incisor).
Other sunfishes, chiefly Hupomotis gibbosus.
THE PERCHES (PERCID):
Yellow perch, ring perch (Perca fiavecens).
THE SEA BASSES (SERRANIDZ):
White bass (Roccus chrysops).
Yellow bass ( Marone interrupta).
THE CROAKERS (ScI#NIDZ):
Fresh-water drum, lake sheepshead (A plodinotus grunniens).
SUMMARIZED STATEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION.
The following table shows the number of fish and eggs actually
distributed during the fiscal year 1918, or, in other words, the output
of the hatcheries, with all losses in transportation deducted:
Summary, By Species, oF THE DisTRIBUTION OF FIsH AND FisH Eacs DuRING THE
Fiscat YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.
Fingerlings,
Species. Eggs. Fry. yearlings, Total.
and adults.
CaGSD an 2s isiceicines seein scion sanmeee cepnict | supeeeee ems es | sae e nee ae 12, 733, 330 12, 733, 330
arp 3, 250, 000 , 660, 941 4° 910; 941
28, 260, 000 2, 417, 052 30; 677, 052
52,543,900 ||2 0 sseeee aces ” 543, 900
100, 000 3, 700, 000 3, 800, 000
Wihitetish:. - 522. cesgoeeee water ste dec acess aes 75, 540, 000 408, 492, 000 |....-.-.----.- 484, 032, 000
Wake Merrinp)(CISCO)ec sce sozceeneeeeeceneee eh loastoce eee 6531305 0005 |Eee ec eee scene 65, 130, 000
SH Ge SllnniinlS oo een ee ar secedonaneace sen| boodastsoscaas 980, 300 10, 534, 115 11, 514, 415
Chinoolssalmontesseccnss ca on eee eee eee 17,574, 900 6,028,920} 63, 176, 244 86, 780, 064
pockeye salmon 5 Scene siesenececanceeces 13, 060, 000 38, 137, 000 45,599, 785 96, 736, 785
imp Wack Salm Onl. sere: oe seela= see see | ae een 5, 193, 065 3, 754, 000 8, 947, 065
Chuonmisalnionee ee wee ss foeen occ cee sects tee | tees oeaeionas OF 8025145 Sa ecetees cee 9, 892, 145
Steelhead SalimGne 2 le oe cccione ce siase eee 1,570, 000 172, 000 7, 022, 488 8, 764, 488
Rain bOw trOWtes. gases ns occ ecema ee eeeeeie 1; 139, 250 22, 000 1, 654, 477 2,815,727
NC IATILLC SS ANON Ee a reese aisles ele ee acne] =oesiese tee 2,577, 000 671 2,577, 671
andlocked jsalmone. Sy. shee soe ce seioes ware 478, 000 306, 395 87, 837 872, 232
Blackspottedstroutese.. o.- acco sehe = secon , 090, 000 3, 821, 000 1, 878, 500 6, 789, 500
Goch Wevantrouve: sao. reo. un see sees cele sce ae a eteseReee ae sc seReeeee ee 56, 000 56,
Daketrout ss. see. otjcdecneeee oSeeUeeee rece 21, 718, 000 39, 599, 200 226, 797 61, 543, 997
IBTOOKSONOUU Ee: aoe cae genic Gist see eee meme oe 378, 175 2 876, 265 7, 882, 668 12) 137, 108
Sunmpeetrowbe 2 see oe ee ee Terra nisaba'l ere cites eee See 7, 7, 372
Smelteesietactenecses acne oocigeee aeaeen cd lescseeeeeeee ee 1 218.750) | cca cents 1, 218, 750
Pikoangpickerely 2 see esa ee ek ree nee See oe eee aoe ee een ee 106, 408 106, 408
Hresh-waber- Grim Hos asa selacehes Sawer eects aie ein a= arell a eiisineoeetes Sae es 83, 473 83, 473
CAD PIG cece eee ets wee Onin ce anesle loses ol AEE ene tiem | ne Seno emeeee 2, 905, 812 2,905, 812
argemorttih: blacks bass.\2 522 6h 2 ese eeees oe ons ee eeeeeeeee 283, 500 970, 020 1, 253, 520
Srialin outh bIackipassss se nae a wee > ose eeemeeeemen 172,500 155, 674 328, 174
Rock’ bassii 22 ee en besos sk | aetna tees [Deeae Sateeeeeee 83, 055 83, 055
Warm outhibass a6 45-3258. 40. de cas ooeeck ed see cicten beeen | Sueeneacon. eee 9, 220 9, 220
DUNST oP Pee eee oo eric enous cle sein dele ok one | See een ance | cee eeeeee oes 1, 644, 558 1, 644, 558
IPI Perchie nee Sec oe tore cece cc be Facke 14, 560, 000 56, 000, 000 1, 954 70, 561, 954
Vellow. perch -o8 san ceo case sacs eee saeeeeen| eee seems 182, 899, 000 459, 282 183, 358, 282
Wikttetperchit 22 ce sce tener ee eee ne Sat ee [Segoe Senn ees POU: OUOM EBs camatceare tate 2) 900, 000
WV bite PASS 32. cas ciiead.« SORE DOI gas ~ ee ee | ee ee 47, 261 47, 261
PUT PEC) DASS a osetia. teow aes tee oc ae oon = Seeteel Gece iaee eee 13; S49 O00 Case enim sina oc 14, 349, 000
INEACKOTO) Fos Se So oe Pee. Stee ee cee eee ae eel Eee en 4.645" O00) Bese ee a. oe 4, 648, 000
(Clin ees ee eae a Wetec sina Cae ee We mNer saul ES RST epee 23 Ee 2 ESCH ISOU0H| Ceeemery nec - 77, 659, 000
POMOC Mercere nc este ne os cae oisce saint ce oeeer [See one (200; OODH IE scee sues se as 233, 700, 000
Piet COCKS etic mocks eotee lanes aoa cleie Steed |e meee eee eee LSS NOOO) | Secor ec. cs os 17, 830, 000
Wa LeL BOlUNder: 92% = 2025 osees «ec acame berlin ceeeeeeemas 2: 455, 371, OOF Ae meat ate oreas 2, 455, 371, 000
Miscellaneous fishes. 220.626 sco. ccc ccc oceclcne ce cow a eeee eee eee 100, 200 100,
TUGW ESLER Mere eines saitlsie(<ateioias a erele sit cis oe Meares Ae Sane 66, 680, 000 5, 700 66, 680, 700
Motel moor eee oot acct okc- oo eesecenee 147, 048,325 | 3, 782,091,940 | 168,964,894 | 4, 098, 105, 159
=a
.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 9
ALLOTMENTS OF FiIsH AND Ea@a@s to State Fish Commissions, FiscAL YEAR 1918.
[Eggs are indicated by an asterisk (*); fry are indicated by a dagger (+); all others are fingerlings and
adults.]
State and species. Number. State and species. Number.
California: Chinook salmon......... - *14, 321,900 || New Jersey—Continued.
Connecticut: Rainbow trout!. +... -o. 3.0. eee *50, 000
IBA ED ASS a eetia = tea seaectoces 515 Steelhead salmon...............- *50, 000
Oaffishseje 22. oat eee setae 750 || New York:
Crapplecs.-- 5 eee ke ee oee asses 1,500 WGAKORTOU Ge onan = pain ose ce cee cncnes *11, 766, 000
Ef Shp a eae con oe oe See amioat 2,400 Landlocked salmon............-- *50,
Illinois: Steelhead salmon...............- *400, 000
Rigekypass.e tis. <Soet con een ence 825 WiLL Or Shenae nee 6525. Soa *15, 000, 000
Gath shee See see 8 ated AE ack 12;:200)||| Ohio: akeitrout.2 2.220 5.2.-.20.2 05.0% *700, 000
WIAD MO assoc ce acs - > so ecsise staan 21,850 || Oklahoma:
Maketlroute ccccce= oo = cede enoaeale *100, 000 IR OCKUD ASSES e eee so cniccsinneseee 1,550
sas god DIGKELOL SS Asses eee . ee Sunfisheeesesct atmos celta scctee ; L py
NELIRERS Tippett eet otsytae ioe lafaiticleeraiaravaarc 5 1
SUIBIESirasen Stes. aaeccer cas 2) 665 Yellow perch...........--.--+-+- { "100
Whitefish ce ees ececmeSe seins. *5, 000,000 || Oregon:
Sellow POEGhe ee scnc cassis ercine 2,575 lmeback salmon... ..<---+sseeee *3, 000, 000
Towa: IBrOOKChOUt eee ose seen eee ae eee 36, 000
BROOK ALLOW Gs= once = seaa meester ce *50, 000 Chinook:salmon!\2 28s. se cence ee *3, 150,000
SCIELO Gesee es osene testa ve *50, 000 Steelhead salmon.............-.. *750, 000
RaINDOW tLOUL=scosseaecncec sss. *94,000 |} Pennsylvania: Whitefish............. *38, 280, 000
eerie ; F Rhode Island: “a
NGO LT OW G2 duran c dace eae e ne - ty 50,
Pikesperchi esses se sses ones ae +2, 400, 000 Brook trout.........-.-----+----- { 20, 000
Rainbow trout A 15 Smallmouth bass.............-.- 690
Maine: South Dakota:
nanioteautesos cae! os 2oce cack *100, 000 IBIRCKS PASS te soe ae saat Sone OEE 1,050
LPL ZET 0) 0 1 ee eR a *100, 000 Brooksbroutterten co cceceteccccnae 6,000
Landlocked salmon............-- *378, 000 SbliSH ts) see no ee ee ee 12,300
Maryland: Crappie steete tate sed os So sae 2, 200
Watley Ase aae- ans Stews sos 180 SHS te eae eis aie satan 5,100
OTaD DIO ae seeeee a oses 52 sey oano 200 || Tennessee:
Smallmouth pass. <...-----.--2-- 88 IBTOOktlLOUtemeneece seace sce eee *25,000
Massachusetts: Pike perch.........-. *5, 000, 000 Rainbowtroltesuce eee ee eoeee ee *100, 000
Mickhirans Ibake trout =~ 22-5 me-- *2,550,000 || Vermont:
Minnesota: Dakeiroutice sess csecccshenst ce *300, 000
GIL LOU teatime cscs Soe eases *300, 000 Landlocked salmon........-.---- #10, 000
Steelhead salmon............-..- *50, 000 Pike perch i eee *7, 056, 000
Montana: Steelhead salmon...............- *50, 000
Black-spotted trout ......-.-..-.- *300,000 || Washington:
IBIACRS PASS es ce sacteicn ects snes 1, 400 Black-spotted trout............-.- *200, 000
athishe 55s. s2e 2.5 ence nce ces 3,000 ake trouttececsbicsccccocteccee *300, 000
Rainbow toute... ==" -ss-csee--2- *300,000 || Wisconsin:
MONTISHER 5 gee sone oe sce cece 100 IBIAGK DASS saesaacss asses etree 3,425
Nebraska: Rainbow trout.......--.-- 16, 000 Cathish? 2.22.2 520530 5.555522 522 900
Nevada: Crappless. tees soe ee ae eee eee 1, 200
Black-spotted trout WAkewrOubesssayacient cao ee *5, 402,000
SAIN POWitrOUlbene oe co-ed eee ot Whitefish SETHE costes oe *15, 000, 000
New Hampshire: Wyoming
WEES GLOMbe saa sees ose ese eto =. "‘Black-spotted GhOMbee cee et ee +200, 000
Pike perch. 2....-.:<. : Rainbowstroutes-- sess eect eee *50, 000
Wihitefishsss.355.-- 245. Steelhead salmon..............-- *50,000
New Ji eeeey —
Black bass. ....-...<.<. *133, 307, 900
Landlocked salmon ROMANE See sete wc te Sas +2, 410, 000
170,771
SHIPMENTS OF FisH AND Eaes To CANAL ZONE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FISCAL
YeEaR 1918.
[Eggs are indicated by an asterisk (*); all others are fingerlings and yearlings.]
Country and species. Number.
Canada:
Sockeye salmon: . .i..2.05-~28022-- *10, 000, 000
Japan:
Shingokiscalmon~ +2 oosse- cee ee *100, 000
iuainbowstLoubyy.- 2. o.cskcceelecs *100, 000
Mexico:
LSA] Ca ee ee 750
Melinwiperces... 2. .1-es- secol:. 200
Country and species. Number.
Canal Zone
Blacks passs tec acca sce. eee 1, 000
BEPoe cuss ee ee soc ce Orne aeeeea 1, 875
Caitishesse et oe oo bccclcceas 3, 000
Sunnishie £35 eae Sots hess 2,000
*10, 200, 000
4 ETICS Soe geet an a pF { i 825
10 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
DETAILS OF OUTPUT FOR 1918.
The following table shows the work of the different stations in
1918, the period of operation, and the eggs and fish furnished by
each station for distribution.
fish and eggs from station to station are frequent.
It will be noted that transfers of
Such transfers
are made in the interest of economy and convenience where the
shipments consist of eggs, and give advantageous distribution
centers in the case of young fish.
STATIONS OPERATED AND THE OUTPUT OF EACH FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1918.
[NotE.—See explanations of this table on p. 15.]
Cia Enea of Species. Eggs.
Afognak, Alaska:a .
Entire year: ...--.<.<\s. Sockeye salmon....-.-- 13, 000, 000
Humpback salmon...--|...........-
Seal Bay, Alaska—
Atup=Septi2.- 2-2 <c--5 Sockeye isalmonis:: --- = | 088.2... 205
Humpback salmon....-|...-.......-
Atchafalaya, La.:
Mar —A pres. s cs ecacce< Burislosfish sss 252 cee sees
Baton Rouge, La.—
Apri=May an ascites esses Largemouth black bass.|............
IBnitalovfishissseens al OS aes cen ee
Carnpaacnccosee aces poems canoe
Cabfishiees sai-tth os cle aeees dee
Crappies pate Bich oo cn4l oe
FUME Soe ee ae | eae
Miscellancouseses-a-es|sceeeeee see
Sunfishiacebataet a. al etre eet pee
Wihiteibasss? he 2-- ccle ceeeeee eee
Baird, Calif.:
EMO yGarstescecan see Chinook salmon? s<--- .|200-4 a2 e2l-
Battle Creek, Calif.—
MTINO VOBL=(..-2=iasem|eceee GO sneer 760, 000
Hornbrook, Calif. b—
NLITONVeales own es ane faasce (Ok ier 5 dese nm See 275, 900
Mill Creek, Calif.—
PUNO SV CARs aes acs atom | iainte Ghee San - So badce 13, 386, 000
Baker Lake, Wash.:
Bntire year. .....--...- pockeye Salmons. 2 --=4| Soe eeeeee
Chinookisalmontescce. 2|f2eoe eee
Silverisalmonser. 2. 4|s ecco cee
Birdsview, Wash.c—
Entire year.....-..--.- Sockeye salmons=.. <-2|_ Use eee .. =
Chincookjsalmonee re recsleeeeeece sae
Chum\salmoneee --ceaeaieeeea dae eee
Humpback salmon....-}............
Silverisalmon eee sal saeeee none
Steelhead salmon...... 270, 000
Brinnon, Wash.—
MMT Year: ows 2 <<a ses|scane GO SoS: cas Seaesouek tomes westeee
Darrington, Wash.—
Bntire year....0--.0<-- Chinook salmon. ase es \eemariance sees
Chumisaimons as -emce| saeeeceecicee
Humpback salmon...../...........-
Silver:salmon’.(.. ---2-\-\|--2scseasece
Steelhead salmon......|............|-
Day Creek, Wash.— 2
Entire year........22- Chinook:salmon:.-22-. 4la-cseceee seal =
Chim salmon? = on sse ca. see eens
Steelhead salmon......}...-...-...-
Duckabush, Wash.—
Entire year.........-.-- Chum)salmon.e2s. 5. | seen eee
Humpback salmon.....|............
Silver salmoni3é: $2.5]. desde «|
Steelhead salmon......]............|-
Tllabott Creek, Wash.—
Hntire year. ........... Chinook'salmon: =72.-n<|-eee ene sees
= Chumisalmon 2-22. se snob. eee eee
Humpback salmonss: st|pec. sceenene
Silversalimon: - >. 2 eee eee
Steelhead salmon.......!...0..25..2./-
Fingerlings,
Fry. yearlings,
and adults.
18,650,000 | 14,610, 000
15-596,0007| 55 cc ee
STIS MVOO! | es eae
S005, OT [haere eae
93,960,000 i. eee
Ae aes 7, 150
i. hikes 9, 800
Re She 8,550
CARS > ates cede 11,225
Fees a AN 30, 600
EE es AE A 3,175
eft A Stet 50, 425
LAN ere 113,600
1 ee are 2,700
9! eae ys 2, 760, 000
Bis, See AB | 4,050, 500
ates a Se 3, 878, 900
1,125,000 | 9,205, 000
nae ios AY 7,500
440,000 | 1,850; 750
Sos Se 114,275
CES hs Bl 320, 860
ri eT Game |
Pe erat ee! 2,915, 000
Lape iP 1,322, 000
Gs ae Cae 1,589, 500
i ie 129, 000
0408 10.2 os oe
WENG00 le.0 - awa
CET ae ee
192, 800:\.- 2. oa #
cya moe 8 150, 000
Se 14, 000
9) G0. |)g acer ay
MB OO ilsd. eka d see
G288, 406 juces-aete le
CPT Tea ea
4) Adee ne 77, 465
ee ES 422) 020
er
SUN OOO osc: seek
poy i) ree
139,600: =. oe
Sere St 418, 100
2, 760, 000
4,810, 500
275, 900
17, 264, 900
10, 330, 000
iio
2, 290, 750
114, 275
320, 860
47, 400
2,915,000
1,322, 000
1, 859, 500
129, 000
69, 468
5, 238, 795
446, 840
77, 465
422’ 020
115, 750
1,841, 000
434, 100
139; 500
418, 100
oe
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
aig
Srations OPERATED AND THE OuTPuUT oF EACH FOR THE FiscAL YEAR 1918—Contd.
[Note.—See explanations of this table on p. 15.]
Fingerlings,
Station and period,of ; ood
operation, Species. Eggs. Is
Baker Lake, Wash.—Con.
Quilcene, Wash.—
Entire year........---- Gham salmontascaesse0 | aeons ees
Humpback salmon
Bilversalmonm...- Soca! |s-ceesoseees
Steelhead salmon....-..|.:..........
Sultan, Wash.¢
WtTOSyCALs<cscce0cnc Chinook salmon sc53242|53sssese eee: iets
Humpback salmon |
DLLVOR SALMON = see | ae a weenie
Steelhead salmon. .
Berkshire, Mass.:
INNUTeVCaL. os .c02ccce Brook: trots. cose saseen osc sseccsses
Rainbow trout........
Steelhead salmon.......|...........-
Boothbay Harbor, Me.:
Bntire yearso-cc. sce s. = Wloumders<s 5 sesSss2he| Gos ase
MobstObccnGessscadas 35 |aocace ese. 66, 680, 000
Bozeman, Mont.: ¢
HMNTePVOSL.c.cs=<- «== Blackspotted trout....-|_..-....-..- 1, 668, 000
IBNOOKsrOU ti erator a | oe ne | eager
Rainbow trout-......... 879; OOO Ee as eee ee
Steelhead Salmon¥ss353 on he soe eae ceeee
Yellowstone Park,
Wyo.—
Snlyssnneseea-eace- ae Blackspotted trout... .. 1,090,000} 1,975,000
Bryans Point, Md.: f
ADE MAY ewe secacie cscs PAO Wile! (2 ease tt ore sla ee 100, 000
plat \0 Levee any a ee Tr S| ee eg 36, 309, 800
~ Mellow perches Issa ces) hccssee eee 139, 329, 000
Cape Vincent, N. Y.:
Entire year naccec es Brook: tLouteae. se eee os| eet eee
Lake herring -
ake trout -s-c-cs- see =
Rainbow trout
iWihitefish-t) 25 ooze a.
Wellow perchecc. o2c- esl beecee
Central Station, Washing-
ton, D=C::
Entire VORLIs wiccin'al= se arremornthiblackspasse| i= +6 sees gee eee ke
BLOOwstroubt os. ease cele es en ee eee eens eee
ae alae Salmonicees|pnceee eee eens ceseseset a
Shad ese ees ce cee eae eens Seer 750, 000
ae sep Darts hauaee orem eae
EOHSD ieee ae se | ecicep aise. 750, 000
Clackamas, Oreg.: :
Entire year...........- Brooks(routes sss Se) hacen ec aoe al Ronee eee
Chinook salmon. ....... 3, 000 2,000, 000
IRAIMDOW ELOUL. aac ie|eciceteres aoe [io seedeee ene
Silvensalmon occ css| sono. yee met ete ae
Dlecihead Salmon oo e5|ssce00 een | Semmens od 5
Applegate, Ores: —
Entire year #.......... Chingok'salmonsssnesl=- se sct en | heme eee
Silversalnonsc essen soclon cece cee Ne eee
Steelhead salmon...... 1 290;\000) eae Ue & =
Big Fat Salmon,
Entire year............ Chinook: salmon:.: ....2:|-. 225226622 1,500,000
Little White Salmon,
= Wash.—
MUOcVOal ss 2 ss2s8 | oce Gass eeergsetewe se 3, 150, 000 500, 000
Rogue River, Oreg.— %
Entire year........... Black spotted. trouts.-|s25+2-2540.2|* 8" 22s scec 5
Chinook: salmowt=<s5532| 523555520 Shelve eee ene de
Silversalmon so £25255 [2s2ce 5c ss oe
Steelhead salmon. . 052 |Sseh es eee 2.
Upner Clackamas,
Oreg.—
Entireyear............ Crinook salmon 225 52.)-.5- 202 Je-e 1,843, 700
Rainbow6ront. cu. >. 555) 7eosdeee eee lee eee F
Silver salmon =~ .2.225|.. 2saceeree 8,000
Sicelhedd Balmion..2 352 [- ssse,- ee cle cocateaer a
Astoria, Oreg.—
ona aa ae BUSGMG 3 oe eso eo eee 932,000
St. Helens, Oreg.—
July, May-June. ares ee HO a aise a duo sab ste se 8, 100, 450
Willamette,Oreg.—
July, May-June Fences ea ee MOSS 2 csice ste cnde lett ease 3, 592, 650
| yearlings,
and adults.
770, 000
366, 000
284, 000
68, 700
51, 000
3, 228, 900
490, 000
165, 620
9, 299, 400
178, 280
18, 800
68, 465
36, 750
300, 100
1,991, 700
18, 960, 357
21,611, 277
Total.
2,670, 350
1,905, 000
366, 000
284, 000
68, 700
51,000
3, 228, 900
600, 000
531, 900
11, 050
6, 600
1, 231, 559, 000
66, 686, 000
1,698, 000
746, 650
1, 006, 000
18, 000
3, 065, 000
100, 000
36, 309, 800
139, 329, 000
711, 000
65, 130, 000
7,876, 629
11, 302, 400
18, 800
3, 241, 700
20, 460, 357
8, 100, 450
3, 592, 650
12
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
STATIONS OPERATED AND THE OUTPUT OF EACH FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1918—Contd.
[Note.—See explanations of this table on p. 15.]
Station and period of
operation.
Cold Springs, Ga.:
ntiretyear-. oo. see
Milltown, Ga.—
Entire year...---...---
Duluth, Minn.:
HNO VCR eccecice ses =
Edenton, N.C.:
Entire year........-...
Weldon, N.C.—
PATS —MAVinese aie <leiaicisinie
Erwin, Tenn.: 7
NLITO CAL. = soc cn cm ale
Fairport, Iowa:
MUO VOalensecseccse-
New Boston, Ill.—
Species.
Catfish
Largemouth black bass.
Atlantiesalmon.....-...
Brookstrout scenes
Humpback salmon
Landlocked salmon. - - -
Brooktlouteseese-sceee
Waketroutto-c--ssecc ce
IRike percha: ces soaseee
Whitefish <5. -.<22-<
Tetpenionti black bass
Sunfish ee se sewcieeesoe
Striped bass -:--..-..-.
Largemouth black bass.
IBTOOKtTOUt esses ce seae
Catperten. ssuccer deen
DuniShere eta see eee
Largemouth black bass.
Buffalofish
Car
IPIKG perches. enn saee ee
Pike and pickerel..-.._.
Sinfishe- = See oe
Wellow perchin. 22225"
Miscellaneous. .-..._..-
Largemouth black bass.
Buiialonishe-cecsesceas
2,577, 000
517, 000
934, 235
82, 460
172,000
13, 240, 000
Pike perchises. cones see
Pike and pickerel...-..
IROCKIDASSie- Gee semec ae
Sunfish. Mee sseee es
Yellow perch
Miscellaneous
PANE —N OV .ninacwisle'<jnjja42
Red Wing, Minn.—
Beptees sce san aa atoee
Black River, Ark.—
Oct.—Dec sasee eens. eee
Lake Pepin, Minn.—
Ci tewieeaieice Ewbiscesieee
Calpsaccsaseceusscaceee
pebneh. scacscdsascsssce
TAD DIO eee eo econ
Pike pera apes atin ose’
Pike and pickerel......
Smallmouth black bass-
Huneshwesseeseee see.
Yellow perch...........
Miscellaneous. ..-......
Largemouth black bass.
Buffalofish
es
ed
Yellow perch
Miscellaneous..........
Pike and pickerel .
Miscellaneous..........
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
1S...
Sra TIONS OPERATED AND THE OuTeuT orf EAcuH For THE Fiscat YEAR 1918—Contd.
[NotE.—See explanations of this table on p. 15.]
Station and period of
operation.
Gloucester, Mass.:
Entire year.......-...-
Green Lake, Me.:
Entire year.....-------
Grand Lake Stream,
Me.—*
ONMTOV Cals cia =<.
Homer, Minn.:
Entire year.......-. sre
La Crosse, Wis.:
WINGre'Vearcascaames-
Leadville, Colo.: ?
Entire) Year a... =<
Louisville, Ky.:
Entire year.-..........
Mammoth Spring, Ark.:
Entire year...-...-...-
Friar Point, Miss.:
Waly=DOC.. Soc255. 25254
Manchester, Iowa: 7
Entire year............
Bellevue, Iowa—
TJuly=Devesa.. oss. ok
re
Eggs.
Species.
Codit ca-n2 aaescre see
Haddock...
Pollock seaceceasacase
Brook trout.
Lake trout -< 2s) se~'<~-
Landlocked salmon. . -- 278, 000
Smeltisssee sewecacto cane
Taketnote sea atas |p sea nee
Landlocked salmon. ..- 200, 000
White perches. tase ssinelancecie nsec
Largemouth black bass.
Buftalotish=e-2-2.4--5—2+
@rapples ese qeseqess saa
IPikoiperche ses -see ees
Pike and pickerel. -.-..
1eGlal SESE Sodcoscneccec
Sunfish= eoecaseessesee
Pike perch. SA ete are cue aval et avarapciareraisr Gee
Pikeand pickerel--- 53|2225.5c622-4
Rainbowitroutsssos ss |asoscceeeece
FROCK DASS2b2 oo tae acmsays| Semen teas
Sunfish cece sac oe oe scree
Blackspotted trout.---2)..25.----<---
IBTOO WrOUb Ls. ssaec esse] oo
Wake trontie- se o-=csesc se cetemeceoe
Loch Leven trout
Rainbow trout
Largemouth black bass.|...........-
IBTOOKLTOUTE enecdancnalpcaeaee anon.
Crappieta-3 sence teen s |e ene oeee-
IRike@yperche ose cece onl ecsach emcee
Rainbow soar ee dasoec Secon cee
ROCK DASSE ses eee ee sale ee ec uloes H
Galant plackibass! |e eos ee
Sunfish
Fry.
72, 940, 000
180, 530, 000
17, 830, 000
233, 700, 000
179, 937
1, 218, 750
Largemouth black bass.}........--.- pee
Rock bass
eeu lack Passel. ss-se<cee
Cra
Largemouth black bass.
Buffalofish
Pike a and pickerel....-. | ae eee
River herring.......--- | éiaaeseses-
Sunfis
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
3,716, 000
50
_
fz)
=
i)
S
2,150
9, 600
9. 550
5 750
14, 900
Total.
72, 940, 000
180, 530, 000
17, 830, 000
233, 700, 000
782, 200
76, 000
457, 937
1, 218, 750
23,570
310, 150
2, 900, 000
14
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
STATIONS OPERATED AND THE OUTPUT OF EACH FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1918—Contd.
[NoTE.—See explanations of this table on p. 15.]
Station and period of
operation.
Manchester, lowa—Con.
Bellevue, Iowa—Con.
July-Dec.....- ancosSoe
North McGregor, lowa—
July=—Decrssaea- n= se =
Meredosia, TIl.: 0
Hntire year-...c-------
Nashua, N. H.:
NUTS VGalesc tesa cee
Neosho, Mo.: 2
Entire year.........-..
Northville, Mich.: ¢
Entire year...........-
Charlevoix, Mich.—
Nov.-June...........--
Detroit, Mich.—
INOV.—May in. css o10= -e
Orangeburg, S. C.:
Entire year...........-
Put in Bay, Ohio: 7
Entire year... 2:......-
Quinault, Wash.:
Emtire Valance scien
St. Johnsbury, Vt.:
Entire year............
Holden, Vt.—
Entire WOR onbiss’cicnaa'
Species.
Yellow perch..-......-..-
Miscellaneous. ...-..----
Largemouth black bass.
IBTiTalOhSheee see cece ee-
Pike and pickerel.
River herring. ...
Simifish: 252-22
Warmouth bass.
White bass... .
Yellow perch..........-.
Largemouth black bass-!
Butialonsh=seyeeres- ss
Eggs. Fry.
Wiarmouth basses sa. 2) core cee eas so eee ee
White bassicie less 2 5]acc se | ere eee
Carpe. 2.) es his. nas Ss ERR Seeks ee ee eee
Calfishs. 1.5 seeekn cas otc eee eee een | See eee eee se
Crapple.n<5..-.-chneec beer chert: eee eee nes
IPMN ot Coa ose eitsoa| aceon | Se eee erate
ROCK DaSS os. /seciew scion |Meat eeeeaen|someet ness
Smallmouth black bassalso.c esc cces| teow aeeeeees
Sunfish... 2.233: secis ee ekeneneeen leone eee eens
Yellow: percha. 2 Gace] ecu cmace eect ines Seer eee oe
IBTOOKITOUtE es oo R pick cae bee Sh osu | Saeeeene bea
Landlocked\salmon=< 22.022 eee ore nese ee eee cence
Rainbow trout. sae |peees sc eaeine eee ee neneeaas=
Smallmouth black bass.|...........- 30, 000
Targemouth black, DaSS-|b act ee eee ee | Se eee eee ace
Crapple: 223. bende hee el Rekces consul acteeeeeee ee ee
Rainbow ineut eee er ces 100;/000) poe eens
ROCK#DASS 22. os oe eels sec ce DEM te ol Meee te eee aa
Saalemantn black bass.) 22.22 sc.eee nee ee se aeeese
Sunfishe< <7 ose. seeds ok Se Lee Se eee ee
Vellowiperchesence.-.5| seer eneeees 20, 000
Brook jQouts on. 25 \one re] See ae ee 534, 000
Lake trout.-.........- 21,118) 0000528. e see
Rainbow: trout: . <<. -<+|casecsstence 12,000
Smallmouth black bass.|.......-...- 99, 000
Steelhead salmon...-.--|:.......s00- 46, 000
IDEARC Se Aree Oneal Speeoe Acker 17, 900, 000
WWihitelishesscsacmeueane |e cee sane 32, 000, 000
Pilko POL oc esecceose =| eee Cees 1, 100, 000
Wihitebshe scone. - wees 15, 260,000 | 103, 000, 000
‘Largemouth black bass:|- 222s e2ec-|oaeecees sean cs
ebevitel ye to BEBO ee Pere Becca aG eaoccmnacoases
Carpeaaacsed cadens ce ee|seeeeeeeee cr 3, 250, 000
(Lake (routers sees oe =| adoasdeees ee 593, 000
Pike perchisces sever scl seated nance 28, 100, 000
Wihiteish. So scc- ces 54,780,000 | 226,000, 000
Sockeye salmon........|.-.-.-.-..-- 2, 500, 000
Chinook: Salmon ees fe lsc as dec ssna lee cesaee meena
Bilverisalmone.-cces--|anessnasaaes 200, 000
Brook trout. ....2.ss0s- 75, 000 930, 000
ake trout. 2. 5-2. 221s 24] uementedoentete 6, 000
Tandlocked: Salmon. loc cece ceeene|scealwisice si=islei-t=
Rainbow trout. .-..5. 5. |atweciaiestele| siaee hina wets elenie
Smallmouth black bass.|............|..sseee--e---e
Steelhead salmon.......|.......-.--- 23, 000
Sunapee trout..........)..- 2 eee ee efe nee e cece ene
Brook trout ...c<1.4.cc2| Seeeteeaae 258, 500
Dake trout oo.ccteesvicital eis eee 10, 000
Tandlocked salmon ..24|922 so-so e eae ae =e
Steelhead salmon.......|.......----- Sueisentts anaes
Fingerlings,
yearlings,
and adults.
wet we eet eeee
32,330
ee
wee ewww ween
a eee ee eeeee
wee eww eweee
3,386, 010
*290; 000
3, 303, 700
196, 584
Total.
585, 750
21, 7s ie
234° 300 300
46,000
17, 900, 000
32; 000, 000
1, 100, 000
118) 260, 000
141,217
32,330
~~
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 15
SraTIONS OPERATED AND THE OuTPUT OF EACH FOR THE FIscAL YEAR 1918—Contd.
{NotEe.—See explanations of this table below.]
: . Fingerlings
Station and period of nite Eves Fr Satine nt
operation. Species. ggs. y. a mee ie Total.
St. Johnsbury, Vt.—Con.
Swanton, Vt.— ,
ADEM Vite toe Selene Pike perchize---ea.s2-5- 14, 560, 000 OOO O00) oo\ sce ~ oak 34, 560, 000
Wellow: perch onsen |eacacemeeae= DOU OOO) | Ftc a aiaforan ol 5, 800, 000
Saratoga, Wyo: s
Entire year......--.--- Blackspotted trout 57,000 57,000
BOOK GLOU es oe see testa as eo 520, 000 529, 000
Rainbow trout. - Sellee ~4 ee eeas 104, 000 104, 000
Steelhead salmon 80, 000 80, 000
Spearfish, S. Dak.:
ntireryeates ss. cee o- > Blackspotted trout.....|..........-- OBS OOO 2. = ess ntseea 196, 000
SROOKS CROW Ge ma em acisce ae een toe ania [sitet eaemesis 699, 425 699, 425
AKO UROU a) eee me esa ome ama ce ee eemiecocies ae cec 39, 075 39, 075
FVAIN DO Wa VLOW be sere are | see ee Saree | Setete aioe cree = 30, 690 30, 690
Springville, Utah: ¢
Entire year......--.--- TRIOS en OVEN set aa cll|bbococnacicoslacoosopEds noc 4,500 4, 500
Tupelo, Miss.:
BUTS year. s+.-.62=-. Largemouth black bass.|.........-.. 234, 000 111,910 345, 910
Crappie j.scscer- oe) soaeeeceaaas [neas enews ease 650 650
RUM AIS Ta re cee po = efereiaieta | een aie eee cee se eee oe 75, 200 75, 200
Warnmouthi basses. con -|sccewe ase aa|eecccsecascces 1, 250 1, 250
White Sulphur Springs, W.
Va.:
Entire year.......-...- Lange bnoe sen os sao ee seeasee aur o-eaceorscodse 276,610 276, 610
RaInDOWauLOUls ee ees meee cece enemies eet sis 108, 400 108, 400
Smallmouth black bass.|..2.......-- 34, 000 2,050 36, 050
Woods Hole, Mass.:
Entire year......------ Wad Rees seer eae aee ae (ee eeeaere=—c AP LOROOD TE eareiaale cera. 4,719, 000
Ton cry eee ree ere”) E 104382828 000! |Seeemennes 1, 043, 282, 000
MACK ord lea saa eens eho eee BARS (00 Nese 4, 648, 000
Wytheville, Va:
Entire year ..........- Largemouth black bass. 16, 275 16,275
Brook trout..=--------- ae 33, 000 33, 000
Rainbow trou 833 227, 505 227, 505
ROCK Dass2-c2--cc0545-- Se 9,6 9, 600
Smallmouth black bass. 2,020 12, 020
SunfishP ss asses 10, 950 10, 950
Yes Bay, Alaska:
ntine year..-....----- Sockeye salmon= esse) |ssecceeceser 13,150,000 | 18, 284, 500 31, 434, 500
(Grassioipniie eee eae eee ee ene 147, 048, 325 |3, 782, 241, 640 |169, 068, 014 |4, 098, 357, 979
GSS anal tsseerct aaa soc ek cae crater e seek ce leae ociecctaas 149, 700 103, 120 252, 820
IN GHAGEN EDEL T SS eee |e ee eas Al SERS Xd 147, 048, 325 |3, 782, 091,940 |168, 964, 894 |4, 098, 105, 159
NOTES REFER TO REFERENCE CHARACTERS IN PRECEDING TABLE.
For convenience in handling, transfers were made as follows:
a Afognak to Quinault, 5,000,000 sockeye salmon eggs.
6 Hornbrook to Clackamas, 154,000 rainbow-trout eggs.
c Birdsview to Craig Brook, 1,000,000; to Central Station, 25,000 humpback-salmon eggs; to Charlevoix,
25,000; to Spearfish, 50,000 steelhead-salmon eggs.
4 Sultan to Saratoga, 50,000 steelhead-salmon eggs.
e Bozeman to Rogue River, 50,000; to Leadville, 100,000 rainbow-trout eggs.
f Bryans Point to Central Station, 2,340,000 yellow-perch eggs; 994,000 shad eggs.
g Cape Vincent to Central Station, 500,000 whitefish eggs; to Green Lake, 25,000 lake-trout eggs.
h ppleeate to St. Johnsbury, 100,000; to Holden, 50,000; to Green Lake, 50,000; to Northville, 50,000;
to Rogue River, 250,000; to Clackamas, 40,000 steelhead-salmon eggs.
i Duluth to Spearfish, 50,000; to Cape Vincent, 2,500,000 lake-trout eggs.
j Erwin to Cold Springs, 2,000; to Friar Point, 8,500 rock bass; to Wytheville, 3,000 sunfish fingerlings.
k Grand Lake Stream to Nashua, 20,000; to Craig Brook, 100,000; to St. Johnsbury, 15,000 landlocked-
salmon eggs; to Swanton, 3,500,000 white-perch eggs.
1 Leadville to Clackamas, 200,000; to Bozeman, 272,000; to La Crosse, 300,000 brook-trout eggs.
m Mammoth Spring to Tupelo, 7,684 rock-bass fingerlings.
n Manchester to La Crosse, 76,000; to Northville, 86,000; to Cape Vincent, 50,000; to Nashua, 75,000
rainbow-trout eggs.
o Meredosia to Neosha, 1,200 catfish fingerlings.
P Neosha to Meredosia, 5,000 rock bass; to Erwin, 181,000 rainbow-trout eggs.
q Northville to Duluth, 5,000,000; to Cape Vincent, 14,100,000; to Put in Bay, 1,400,000; to Green Lake,
100,000; to St. Johnsbury, 50,000; to Leadville, 50,000 lake-trout eggs.
r Putin Bay to Duluth, 000,000; to Detroit, 158,520,000; to Alpena, 32,200,000; to Central Station,
1,800,000 whitefish eggs; to Louisville, 2,500,000 pike-perch eggs.
s Saratoga to Neosho, 25,000 rainbow-trout eggs.
t Springville to Leadville, 200,000 rainbow-trout eggs.
u Wytheville to Bellevue, 5,000 rock bass; to White Sulphur Springs, 150,000; to Nashua, 100,000; to
Northville, 100,000; to N eosho, 20,000; to Willow Brook Trout Co., 150,000 rainbow-trout eggs.
160695°—20——_8
16 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
The eggs hatched at the main stations listed in the foregoing table
are in many cases obtained from auxiliary sources, usually tempo-
rary stations occupied during the season only or, in some instances,
mere camps which are shifted from year to year. In the Great Lakes
and off the New England coast collections are made by the Bureau’s
vessels or boats in favorable localities. The following temporary
stations and collecting points furnished eggs of the given species for
the main hatcheries during 1918.
List oF Ece@-CoLLectina Stations, FrscAn YEAR 1918.
Station. Period of operation. Species handled.
Afognak, Alaska: :
Uganak, Alaskans <n sJoa-tecrmece AUIPUSTE aac cece ase oe ec eemee Sockeye salmon.
Boothbay Harbor, Me.: _
Portland: Messe es se see nes July and sAupust.: 260s Soe ee Lobster.
Bozeman, Mont.:
Meadow Creek, Mont.........--.. March Junes anos eee eee Rainbow trout.
Clear Creek WYO sue a-2 Soon eee JUily Amp istaee: ae etek eee meee Blackspotted trout.
Columbine Creek, Wyo.....-..---- UL ot 5a nee Pee ee eee Do.
Cub Creeks "Wiy0-s") 46 bee eee July—Avgust: 2220 cee ae seo Do.
ake Creek. WivOls s-se oc cnseceae July-September, June.......-..- Do.
Soda Butte; Wyo. ..: 4522 2te ase: Tune seit) eee eee se Do.
Cape Vincent, N.Y.:_ .
Amherst Island, Canada. .......-- October-November. .........--- Lake trout.
Bay of Quinte, Canada..........-- November-December.........-- Whitefish.
CRaiinonts Neovo ee ee eee | cae ee 70 Ka geen Neem Sek eis Pattee 425d = Y Lake herring, whitefish.
Hair Haventen. HY esses PRES i INOVEMpEr. o. Worteee Aen Do.
GreenBayAtNiy 2 atten a tee VAT ELLEA RAMS soe eee ero reee Yellow perch.
Henderson Harbor, N. Y.)_)2..-.- INOVeDtber. oe seen see see cee Lake herring.
OTM Oree UNG Veen o.oo ee Bee OMe et te oe tees Whitefish.
Pigeon Island, Canada........---- November-December.......---- Lake trout.
BODE MAIS EN: AYon-) 1 ce NEE ents AN rile ee ee eee seer eee ee Pike perch.
Sodus BayiNenve 8 cc seae ge ees ee November-December.....------ Lake herring.
SouthsBayi@anada.. 4.) ee weer | coe dO eee ee Whitefish.
HconySlandNeny cc oe eee eee October-November. -.........--- Lake trout. :
Rhee Mile BayoiN “Yeuun Ss eatesse November-December.........-- Lake herring, whitefish.
Duluth, Minn.:
Grand Marais, Minn............-- October-November .......-...-- Lake trout.
Isles Royale; Micheee ssa. gees eee |e oes (6 La eye eget ied I Socae hn Bay pach oe Lake trout,whitefish.
Marquette Mich ==. 2 515". > ssa s|oneoe Okt) Seer SBS ate BOOS cece Do.
Munising, Mich.................--|----- Matic cag yt ee Ponte Dare Do.
OntonrzonyeMich sa s4550scbeeaceesane: GO eee eee kh ae ee ee Do.
Rortaee; Mich yo sie eee eet GOs chen cececenoreeeeee sect Do.
Leadville, Colo.:
Annex-Antero Lakes, Colo. .....-- May anid (June: +s. S255 See ees Blackspotted trout.
Crystal Lake, Colo. ..........2--<< INGYOMber he caeeee ose ee cee Brook trout.
Engelbrecht Lakes, Colo.....-.---- October-November.......------ Do.
Musgrove Lakes, Colo........--.--|----- C6 I eas PE Sar Ee, ee Do.
Seven Lakes, Colo.........------- JUNG. 5-5 eect AR Re ee Blackspotted trout.
Station Lakes, Colo..........----- October-December.......--.---- Brook trout.
Turquoise Lake, Colot: 220 esi 2sa3|b22- Go: Ooh? 3 als Reeth ce Feet as Do.
Woodland Park, Colo..........--- October-November-~ .........--- Do.
Northville, Mich.:
Belieisles Mich 22.25. = .c:aa seen eee Conese: Se ess ae Whitefish.
Beulah, Mich. & > .2 }saage eee aes Novembenace st toes setae eee Do.
Cheboygan, Mich...2...........-- October-November...-...------- Lake trout.
Detour} Miche. 55.38 Sie oes SEE OSes SEER Ree ee Do.
Pairport,iMichiet Ssh eae on ee GOs at ten Seay, ews Do.
Rranitort, iMichiess 25 eae eee Dechmpers-sscst eee tees oe Sek Whitefish. :
Leland. Michael eels: November-December....-...---- Lake trout, whitefish.
Manistique, Mich. ..........------ October-November.......------ Do.
Naubinway, Mich.-o.0s2.. see ese November. 2 -sec. es ase Whitefish. 5
Northport; Michie yak aes November-December.........-- Lake trout, whitefish.
Bis Lenace Mich aio see aerate October-November. .....-....-- Lake trout.
St.wosephy Micha es. — Seese Soe October: 2: <5 ee ees ees Do.
Neos EeOInt a Mich.) so enee eee INOVEMDEDS 22 eceseerisame sects Whitefish.
Put in Bay, Ohio:
Catawba Island, Ohio...........-. November-December........--.- Do.
Kellys Island; ‘Ohio. 2.22225. -42 ict |e% Se GOS < Sie ant eee Do.
MiddierwBbass, Ohio... s.ps<ceoacelee ee G0. 32.) OE ae Do.
Monroe, Mich................---.- November: 22: tecasapeemeae Do. ,
North Bass, (OTR Ts eee eae of Ver eae November and April.........--- Whitefish, pike perch.
PONE MMLOHPONIO. oc. seni wea |e nee 0-2-2 es ne-eee eeaeaeees Do. q
A OLED O MOHIO Scan oem vtenie seis November, April, and June.....! Whitefish, pike perch, carp.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 17
List or Eaa-CoL.ectine Srations, FiscAL YEAR 1918—Continued.
Station. Period of operation. Species handled.
St. Johnsbury, Vt.:
WW aEline ONG V te oe. <.=/shoeeoeee July-November.............-.-- Brook trout. .
Lake Mitchell, Vt................- September, December.........-- Do.
Spearfish, S. Dak.:
Schmidt Ranch, S. Dak........... October-December.............- Do.
band Creeke!Wiyoes ssc sie ot .ns ee October-January..........-....- Do.
Springville, Utah:
Hishalke; Utablsecoscnsiec oc eciece October-November, April, and
Mary tree eae se cectemncens © Brook and rainbow trout.
Strawberry Reservoir, Utah...... WMO eres Ase tc ouenecie toon oes Blackspotted trout.
Woods Hole, Mass.:
Hadley Harbor, Mass* Jon aces sen Marche ieteissiscion-os vce ste seco Flounder.
Mienemsha Mass se 28. Sc sec ae elas cas OS Ga aus cope secant peace Do.
QulissetLeMaSSaasct sneer sees aoe ns Marchand Awprilses.s-ceee cee. Do.
Waquoit. Mass. 722 2222.2 52225-5222 January-March. ...............- Cod, flounder.
Wickford, 1A Se eSpCsiGeoEeece Marchiand! Aprils cese. eeeece ae Flounder.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND EGGS, BY STATES, WATERS, AND SPECIES,
DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1918.
On the pages following is shown in detail the distribution of fish
eggs, fry, fingerlings, yearlings, and adults, by species, by States and
municipalities, alphabetically arranged, and by waters, for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1918.
The distribution was composed largely of fingerlings, yearlings,
and adults, though quite a number of eggs and fry of some species
were distributed. In succeeding pages where figures are preceded
by an asterisk (*) they indicate an egg distribution; if preceded by
a dagger ({), a fry distribution. All other enumerations represent
fingerlings, yearlings, and adults.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918.
CATFISH.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Alabama: | California: Mecca, Cottonwood Pond.. 250
Abbeville, Kirkland Pond. .----.... 1, 200 |; Colorado:
Capps, Oak Log Lake..... 600 Bovina, Poorman’s pond............ 250
Poor Crepkkc 82 2 Sc 600 Colorado Springs, Bates Lake- . 200
Clanton, Mill Spring Pond 200 Denver, Webb’s pond...-.. 200
Cusseta, Lumpkin Creek - 600 Falcon, Big Spring Pond 250
Headland, Abby Creek....- re 900 Homestead Pond....--..... 500
Brackin’s pond (A)...- = 300 Grand Junction, Grand Rive 65
Brackin’s pond (B)...-- ee 300 Redland Creek.-...... 90
McLenny Pond...-...... as 600 Welsh Creek........... 65
Todd Shingel Mill Pond...-. i” 300 Las Animas, Adobe Lake 500
Murpheys, West Choctawhatchie Montrose, Rouse’s ponds. .- 750
AVON = tee ees one ce se eeeet ete 900 Paonia, Water Cress Lake.... <n. 500
Salem, Little Uchee Creek........... 1,500 Ramah, Kernes Pond..............- 250
Arizona: Connecticut:
Elgin, Double Pond................. 200 East Haddam, Joshua Pond.......- 750
Globe, Roosevelt Lake...-.......... 3, 200 Winsted, Doolittle Pond.....-...... 150
Holbrook, Mormon Lake............ 750 Shepard Pond te Et eS 150
Peoria, Dysart’s pond. .---50..2..222 200 pore:
Perkinsville, Verde River-.......... 750 College Park, Hathcock’s pond....-. 100
Pinto, Turberville’s pond.....---.... 250 Comer; (Lake View -'-2-- 2550.2. os oe 600
San Simon, Darsey’s pond........... 200 Sorrelis/siponde-t=2 ce. ee 400
Winslow, Chevelon Creek....-...... 750 Watson. Mall Pond - <..-.2.52.s56-22 400
Arkansas:. Conyers, Peek Pond. 2325.02 52 202. 200
Black Rock, Black River.......... a 294 Covington, Willow Lake............ 200
Browns Lake, Black River...-...... a 33 Crawfordville, Ogeechee River. . .--- 800
Gravette, White’s pond....-........ 75 Dawson, Browns Mill Pond......... 200
Manson, Black River .-..-.....-...-.- 2315 || Douglasville, Eason’s pond....----.. 600
Prairie Grove, Combs’s pond....-.-.- 100 || Durand, Lake Martha.....--........ 100
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
18
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
Number.
a 50
180
a 2, 333, 113
a 2) 950
a 52) 750
CATFISH—Continued.
<r
Disposition. Number. Disposition.
Georgia—Continued. Louisiana:
Gainesville, Vicker’s pond......-..-- 100 Baton Rouge—
Jasper) Milli Creek: t se Se 5]) LY osss: 150 ATILO RIVED 52 90 a65 72 eee ee
Loganville, Garrett’s pond....-..... 200 Mississippi Rivers 2: --seseseoseeee
Watson’spondsena-22- 2... 200 || Maryland:
Lumpkin, Sand Branch Pond.. 200 Baltimore, State Ponds.............
McDonough, Lowe’s pond....-.-.... 600 Keedysville, Antietam Creek, Tribu-
Meldean, Mossy Creek...-.--.......- 200 tanyrot. 25> 3a ee ae oe eee
Monroe, Adams Pond..-............ 200 Millers, Hoover’s pond....-..-.....-
Nacoochee, Nacoochee River.-.-..... 200 || Massachusetts:
Newborn, Evergreen Pond..-...-.... 200 Clinton, Coachlace Pond.........-...
Sharpsburg, Pitman’s pond..-.-...... 300 Lake Wauschacum, East...-.-....
Temple, Little Tallapoosa River . 900 WitilosP onde sees one ean te eae
Roberson’sipond set. cee ceeceeee 600 Mossy Ponds ssessot este eee
Thomson, Little River.....-........ 400 South Meadow Pond...-..........
One Mile Pond..................., 200 ‘West Wake=2 seat) oS ot eae
Tignall, Gully’s pond......-........ 300 Fitchburg, Whalom Lake.-....._.._.
Illinois: | : Milford, North Pond................
Apple River, Apple River, North State Line, Leete Pond.............
TANCH ES cea tine Sdosseevwacecce 400 || Michigan:
Blanding, Mississippi River...-.-... @ 123,080 Allenville, Lake Brevort............
Carbondale, Lake Blanche...-...... 2 Covington, Parents Lake............
Freeport, Waters of Tilinois.... =e 10, 200 Cressey, Crooked Lake.............-.
Galena Junction, Mississippi River. a 403,500 Holton, Hemlock Lake..............
Hanover, Mississippi River.......---| a 314,500 Homer, Homer Mill Pond...........
Hillsboro, Hope’s pond.......-...... 450 Jackson, Browns Lake..............
Joliet, Hickory Creek......--.......- 300 Jackson Mill Pond................
Lane, Mammossor Lake............- 800 Lake George, Lake George..........
Meredosia, linois Rivera... 5s a a 121,120 Richland, Long Lake.........-.-...
Naperville, DuPage River, West Vanderbilt, Round Lake............
IBranchs2.5 po. eee eee eee 1,000 |} Minnesota:
New Boston, Mississippi River. --.-. a 190,810 Homer, Mississippi River...........
Nora, Apple River, East Branch.... - 400 Lake Pepin, Mississippi River-......
Pang, oidews pond .2--225.s-05.2 200 450 Red Wing, Mississippi River........
Scales Mound, Mill Creek............ 400 || Mississippi:
Indiana: Corinth, Hinton’s pond.............
FAO; UAVS DONG ss tee eee sage sean ee 200 Falkner, Jackson’s pond............
Angola oon Wakes: 2-223 400 Stonewall, Cubley’s pond........_..
Dupont, Marble Valley Pond....-.-. 100 Waynesboro, Limestone Creek Pond.
Eaton, Mississinewa River........... 1,000 || Missouri:
Edinburg, Sugar Creek.............. 300 Chadwick, Cook Pond..............-.
Mishawaka, St. Joseph River........ 400 Tantha, Lily View Pond.............
Worthington, Smith’s pond......... 100 Mindenmines, Starr Lake...........
Towa: Seligman Roller’s pond... 2
Bellevue, Mississippi River.........- a 2,000, 900 Thayer, Oldbricht’s pond fas
Clayton, Mississippi River. .-....... a 239, 600 Viburnum, Acorn Pond:............
Coin, Whipp Lake 100 || West Plains, Swarton Lake.........
Cresco, lowa River os 600 Twin’ POndS=. 52. dec a5. e eee eee
PIPKOY RIV Greece ones cone ae oboe 600 |} Montana:
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... a 145,394 Billings, Yellowstone River.........
Green Island, Mississippi River - . --. a 1,156, 000 Malta, Bish Brothers Pond..........
Guttenburg, Mississippi River. . ---. a 10, 000 Nelson Hake. 2: .3..S2s4.c-- seas
Towa Falls, lowa River.............. 4,400 Miles City, Yellowstone River.......
Keswick, Willow Pond.............. 100 || Nebraska:
Manchester, Maquoketa River......- 3,330 Ashby, Bar's ponds. s-e22- see eee
North McGregor, Mississippi River..| a 1,040, 850 Nebraska City, Pine Ridge Pond...
Orient sRexallake..... o0 see ae 100 Rushville, Big Bend Pond..........
Ottumwa, Lock Lamore Pond...... 200 Stromsburg, Happy Hollow Pond...
Perry, North Raccoon River........ 1,000 Verdon, Franenfelder’s pond. .......
Raccoon Rivers .s0-) 20) oss cnauen 2, 200 HardenispOnGe sce. -e ee. eeeeee
Pleasant Creek, Mississippi River. - a 75,000 || New Hampshire: ’
Quarry lows ELVels aa neka eee 5,500 Concord, Contoocook River. ........
Sny Magill, Mississippi River. ....... 2300, 000 North Walpole, Connecticut River...
Yellow River, Mississippi River..... a 200,000 || New Jersey: :
Kansas: Burlington, Delaware River.........
Codell, Stockwood Pond....-....... 100 Penns Grove, Layton Lake.........
Hutchinson, Reformatory Pond..... 300 || New Mexico:
Topeka, Berry Creek.....-.......... 200 Capitan, Deane’s pond..............
Kentucky: Deming, Willow Loch Pond...
Demossville, Licking River......... 300 Folsom, Dry Cimarron River
Hranklin; Harris Pond=....--s.ceuee 100 French, French Lake........... wate
Leak Pond...... 100 Kenna, Hendrix’s pond.............
Sewell Pond 100 || Roswell, Golf Lake..................
Lancaster, Bratton’s pond.....-..... 200 henOx Dake ne. hoes so cec cnneece
Lebanon, McEby’s (09 0(6 Ne aes aol Bee? 200 || New York: ? ;
Morganfield, Flournoy’s pond....... 100 Addison, Canisteo River...........-
IPATIS EANOSAY LONG «~~ vse cewoe 100 Altimont, Thompson Lake.........-
Rowletts, Lester’s pond............. 100 Avon, Horseshoe Pond..............
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
reine a
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
Disposition.
New York—Continued.
Cohocton, Cohocton River......-...-.
Hamilton, Chenango Canal........-.
Horseheads, Shappell’s pond
Newark, Coffey Lake................
Poultney, Hill View Pond.........-
Schenevus, Schenevus Pond......--.
Worcester, Schenevus Creek.......-.-
North ee Pee Dee, Blewett
North Dakota:
Engleville, Lone Tree Lake........-
Forbes, Spring Lake..............-.
St. John, Lakes of Rolette County -.
Ohio:
Albany, Stotts’s pond..........-.---.-
WYGOGRSIMONGESe. ces aon Ss scicer
Belleville, Clear Fork Creek......-...
Guinswilakew. Vocccecnteet ecw wee
Tone
Lily
MaAnGOGsBONG = oa. ses. ccscce ease:
Plank Dam-Creek..-<2>-52--5-----
Bethel, McCarty’s pond..........-..
Brinkhaven, Dry Fork Pond....-....
Carey, Carey Association Pond......
Cridersville, Moyer’s pond.........-..
Lake View, Indian Lake............
Milford, Water Lily Pond
Salem, Mahoning Bake 32) So2tost on
Utica, Milbrook Pond..............-
Zoar, Tuscarawas River......---...-
Oklahoma:
Asher, Merrill’s pond.........-.-.---
RessiepELanmsiSipONG. . 2. cess esec <=
Byars, Alexander’s pond.........-..-
Cushing, Dunkin Lak
Glencoe, Murphy’s pond............
Goteba, Spring Lake...............-
Grandfield, Porters ponds... -=-. .</
Guthrie, Sunnyside Lake...........
Haskell, Willow Grove Pond........
Lawton, Lake Milliken.............-.
Mangum, Trotter’s pond............
Moore, Brand’s pond.......:...-..-.-
Morris, Morris Gin Pond............
Pawhuska, Jim Creek Lake........-
BANG TAO Kana 8 oe te tos cise aoe
Perry Giiywleake. 24. so ssn s eee
Pittsburg, Allen Lakes. .............
Roosevelt, Hallinen Pond.........-..
Stillwater, Lakeview Pond..........
Parks’spond cee J. SoSSteesa ee -
Tangier, Turkey Creek.........-....
IRWANSDAKD S522 ose stots se ccese
Walter, Johnson’s pond..... 4
Lokey’s pond.........
Woodward, Allen Lake. -. 4a
Excelsior Ranch Lake.............
Pennsylvania:
Altoona, Juniata River..............
Canton, Lake Nepahwin...........-
CATFISH—Continued.
Number.
19
Disposition.
Pennsylvania—Continued.
EtItZ; Bricker S PON. + jas... acee ae
Conestoga Creek... .....
McLeans, Perkiomen Creek .
Manheim, Chickies Creek....
Mifflinburg, Knauer Pond..........-
Oaks, Perkiomen Creek............-
Pennsburg, Perkiomen Creek. - . ----
Pequea, Susquehanna River........
Perkiomenville, Perkiomen Creek. .
Preston Park, Potato Creek Pond...
Red Hill, Perkiomen Creek.......--
Royersford, French Creek.........-.
Milli Dam"Pondicse: seccece cue see
Pigeon! Creeks sees. nkceee cas e-see 4:
Stony
Spring Mount, Perkiomen Creek. - . -
West Grove, Lynch’s pond
Zeiglersville, Perkiomen Creek......
South Dakota:
Colome, Hughés’s pond.............
Flandreau, Big Sioux River-........
Philip, Fairview Pond.............-
Gale Dam" Ponds 26320 22-8 ese:
Sioux City, waters of South Dakota.
Spearfish, Sunnyside Ponds nc 534 a-8
Wessington Springs, Tofflemeir’s
TRO o cost oeccee sac ckonmet apaesicind
Tennessee:
Ashland City, Sycamore Creek .....
Rugby Road, High Pond... =
Shelbyville, Duck River........--...
irginia:
Bedford, Rucker’s pond.............
Bylleby, Buck Dam Pond....-.....
VWilesby Ponds... -cu-scte oop ales:
Cripple Creek eee.e So aseskeone oct
Mg Creeke = scccscc conc ueceseaeoas
Alma, State fish commission........
Bagley, Mississippi River. .... :
Bay City, Mississippi River.......-.
Beaver Dam, Beaver Dam Lake....
Beaver Dam River................
Genoa eee Rivers 535% ssee8
Glen Haven ssissippi River... ...
Helenville, Borck Reul Lake... .....
Johnson Creek, Rock River.........
La Crosse, Mississippi River.........
North Freedom, Mirror Lake........
Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River .
Woodyard, Mississippi River........
Wyalusing, Mississippi River... ....
Wyoming:
Aladdin, Pearson’s pond............
Parkman, Cooper Lake..............
Canal Zone:
Gatun Lake, Gatun Lake...........
MotalO ere he Besse oorersk
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
b Exclusive of 2,150 lost in transit.
Number.
se &
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
CARP.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Arkansas: Minnesota:
Black Rock, Black River........... a 50 Homer, Mississippi River........... @ 55,791
Manson, Black River.......:......-- a10 Lake Pepin, Mississippi River....... a85
Tilinois: Red Wing, Mississippi Rivers esse a 490
Blanding, Mississippi River........- a 8,000 || Ohio:
Galena Junction, Mississippi River. . a 59, 500 Port Clinton, Portage River......... +1, 500, 000
Hanover, Mississippi River.......... a@ 20, 000 Put in Bay, Lake Erie.............. 1, 750, 000
Meredosia, Illinois River............ a 72,600 || South Dakota: Murdo, Holland’s
New Boston, Mississippi River...... a 67, 795 PONG: 22 Sisco corset eee semen 100
Towa: Virginia: Ceres, Walker Pond......... 165
Bellevue, Mississippi River.......... @ 764, 425 || Wisconsin:
Clayton Mississippi RIVED ee cecasae a 300 Bay City, Mississippi River......... a110
Fairport Mississippi River.......... a 57, 645 Genoa, Mississippi River............ @ 21,000
Green Island, Mississippi River..... @ 313, 500 La Crosse, Mississippi River......... @ 154, 150
North McGregor, Mississippi River.. a 18, 600 Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River... a 400
Pleasant Cree Mississippi River... a 25,000 || Canal Zone: Gatun Lake, Gatun Lake. 1, 875
Sny Magill, Mississippi River.....-.. a 10, 800
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Mississippi Total +3, 250, 000
Rivers: Sot tectcecacaseresmeeeeee 800) |lt Une aa Bhatae Sipe cae te oe ee 1, 660, 941
BUFFALOFISH.
Arizona: Globe, Roosevelt Lake....... 420 || Louisiana:
Arkansas: Atchafalaya, Atchafalaya River..... +4, 500, 000
Black Rock, Black River........... a 2, 463 Bay OU Rens ces eepee meee eone eens 1 000, 000
Browns Lake, Black River.......... @ 75 Guichreaux Slough................ 8, 000, 000
Manson, Black River...............- a 1,670 MISSISSIppleRiVverssceee nen ae eee a9, 800
Tllinois: Opelousas Bay-2222: 222-0208. 0 +9, 760, 000
Blanding, Mississippi River......... a 14,000 || Minnesota:
Galena Junction, Mississippi River. a 101, 000 Clearbrook, Olson Lake............. 200
Galesburg, Glenwood Lake........-.. 125 Homer, Mississippi River.......---- @ 30, 214
Hanover, Mississip i River... a 35,500 || Virginia: White Stone, Antipoison
Meredosia, Illinois River............ a 71,675 WVOlocscnesscsceccamestebcecesees 200
New Boston, Mississippi River...... @ 89, 683 || Wisconsin:
Towa: Genoa, Mississippi River...........- @ 25, 000
Bellevue, Mississippi River..........| @ 1,526, 500 La Crosse, Mississippi River........- @ 19, 600
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... a84, 398 Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River.. @ 200
Green Island, Mississippi River... . @ 85, 500
Guttenburg, Mississippi River...... a25 Total {125 260, 000
North McGregor, Mississippi River-. (A218 3800 )|]\ WAM oer SESS iS ai CTS A aleaes a a er tee 2,417,052
Pleasant Green, Mississippi River... 2 100,000
SHAD
Districtof Columbia: Highway Bridge, Oregon: :
TOLOMAC RIVGEL ce omsceiee oes ate 750, 000 Astoria, Youngs River.............. 32, 000
Maryland: Oregon City, Willamette River...... 71, 532, 650
Broad Creek, Potomac River........ +4, 631, 600 St. Helens, Willamette River .. -----| 8,100, 450
Moxley Bar, Potomac River..--.... 613, 000 Willamette Falls, Willamette River.| 72,060,
Piscataway Creek, Potomac River..| 78,722,000 || Virginia: :
Pomonkey Creek, Potomac River-...| 73,310, 700 Dogue Creek, Potomac River....... 5, 504, 700
Swan Creek, Potomac River--.--..... 3, 704, 200 Mount Vernon, Potomac River...... 1, 866, 500
Tent Landing, Potomac River...... +779, Occoquan, Potomac River.......... 6, 150, 600
North Carolina: Edenton, Albermarle Pohick, Potomac River............. 1,026, 900
Sound ec ccs we wecccceececceeeseen== $2, 859, 000
TOtal Ferieticuciawiewe oes ee cee 752, 543, 900
RIVER HERRING.
Illinois: Maryland: Bryans Point, Potomac
Galena Junction, Mississippi River. -| «1,260,000 River oc. cscs REO Aa sbsac- one Asad +100, 000
Hanover, Mississippi River.........| %660,000 SS
Iowa: Total { 7100, 000
Bellevue, Mississippi River.........] 41,350,000 a IB Dhaai 23,700, 000
North McGregor, Mississippi River..| 430,000
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
21
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
WHITEFISH.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Illinois: Springfield, State fish com- New York:
MUSSION Es cose fos cock cake *5, 000, 000 Albany, State fish commission...... *15, 000, 000
Michigan: Allan Otty Shoal, Lake Ontario..-.. +100, 000
Alpena, Lake Hurons-s22s2-.06-. 2 +4, 800, 000 Bear Point, Lake Ontario........... +3, 632, 000
Antrim City, Grand Traverse Bay--| +5, 000,000 Fair Haven, Lake Ontario...-.....- +25, 000
Belle Isle, Detroit River-.-.--....... +46, 000, 000 Fox Island, Lake Ontario-........... +500, 000
Cathead Reef, Lake Michigan..-..... +3, 000, 000 Fullers Bay, Lake Ontario-.......... 3, 400, 000
Charlevoix, Pine River...-.......... +15, 000, 000 Grenadier Island, Lake Ontario..... +5, 800, 000
Cheboygan, Hammonds Bay.......- +600, 000 Long Lake West, Little Tupper Lake] *1,000, 000
Saddle Bag Bay ..---<ss.2 22.202. +600, 000 Niagara Falls, Niagara River, lower-.| +1, 000,000
Crystall Falls, Anderson Lake....... 300, 000 Plattsburg, Lake Champlain........ 1, 000, 000
Detroit, Aquarium. -....... apo caeeice *260, 000 Pleasant Lake, Longfellow Lake... - +25, 000
Fighting Island, Detroit River...... +10, 000, 000 iRleasantiWakennn 2 .-.-isoscseeses 725, 000
Fort Wayne, Detroit River......... +5, 000, 000 Point Peninsula, Lake Ontario.....- #2, 500, 000
Gilchrist, Lake Michigan...-........ +2, 500, 000 Port Henry, Lake Champlain....... 500, 000
Gould City, Lake Michigan---...... +2, 500, 000 Sodus Point, Lake Ontario.......... +125, 000
Grace Harbor, Lake Superior...-... +750, 000 Stony Point, Lake Ontario.........- +3, 400, 000
Grassy Island, Detroit River_........ +10, 000, 000 Three Mile Bay, Lake Ontario...._. +50, 000
Indian River, Bush Lake.-.-......... 7600, Tibbetts Point, Lake Ontario....... +4, 400, 000
Tron River, Pickerel Lake _ +400, 000 Watkins, Seneca Lake.............. +750, 000
sunset Lake. ----.-..--....-- Bae +400, 000 Wilson Bay, Lake Ontario..... -...-| 11,000,000
McCargoes Cove, Lake Superior. .-.. +1, 550, 000 || Ohio:
McLeods Channel, Lake Superior. ..} +2, 000, 000 Catawba Island, Lake Erie.......... +11, 000, 000
Manistique, Lake Michigan......... +2;000,000 || Isle St. George, Lake Erie........... +65, 000, 000
Marquette, Lake Superior........... +4, 375, 000 Kellys Island, Lake Erie............ +10, 000, 000
New Richmond, Lake Michigan.....| 71,200,000 Locust Point, Lake Erie...........- 710, 000, 000
Point Fishery, Detroit River........ +4, 000, 000 Middle Bass, Lake Erie.-........... 740, 000, 000
St. Ignace, Lake Huron............. +1, 200, 000 Port Clinton, Lake Erie............. +40, 000, 000
Mackinaw Straits..-............... +2, 000, 000 Put in Bay, Lake LD} is [se ere 2 +50, 000, 000
Tobins Harbor, Lake Superior...... $500, 000 Toledo, Wake rie... 2. sss scesceaeee +10, 000, 000
Willis Fishery, Detroit River....... +19, 000, 000 |} Pennsylvania:
Wrights Island, Lake Superior...... 1, 250, 000 Erie, State fish commission. ........ *4, 280, 000
Minnesota: ‘ Union City, State fish commission ..| *34, 000,000
Duluth, Lake Superior.............- +10, 000 || Wisconsin:
Grand Portage, Lake Superior...... 7825, 000 Amnicon River, Lake Superior..... - +6, 000, 000
MirnerMiidibake eee. esses ice ons +300, 000 Sheboygan, State fish commission... .} *15, 000, 000
Wanless, Harrison Lake............. +300, 000 ——_—_—__—_——.
LU Nyala bd Br ee ea a +300, 000 Total he 540, 000
Montana: Somers, applicant. .--...... F500; 000) [rea Newnes te ences ee mee mens +408, 492,000
New Hampshire: Warren, State fish
COMmMIissiones. fsck. Caseaceeess= ne 500, 000
LAKE HERRING (CISCO).
New York: New York—Continued.
Allan Otty Shoal, Lake Ontario..... +3, 960, 000 Sodus Point, Lake Ontario.........- +5, 000, 000
Bear Point, Lake Ontario........... 3, 000, 000 Syony Point, Lake Ontario......... +4, 080, 000
Charity Shoal, Lake Ontario........ 4,140,000 Three Mile Bay, Lake Ontario... ..- +7, 450, 000
Fair Haven, Lake Ontario. ......... 5, 000, 000 Tibbetts Point, Lake Ontario. ...... +6, 420, 000
Fox Island, Lake Ontario........... +13, 080, 000 Wilson Bay, Lake Ontario.......... +6, 420,000
Henderson Harbor, Lake Ontario... i} 500, 000
Point Peninsula, Lake Ontario...... , 080, 000 Ro tale- Seite: ss. some hee tans +65, 130, 000
SILVER SALMON.
Oregon: Washington—Continued.
pppleeate, a pusate Creek... 2.2.2. 300, 100 Darrington, Bennetts Slough........ +192, 800
Clackamas, Clackamas River........ 18, 800 Illabott, Mlabott Creek.............. +139, 500
DraityRopue River... 222520... ..- 66, 400 Quilcene, Big Quilcene River. ...... 286, 000
Upper Clackamas, Clackamas River. +8, 000 Little Quilcene River............. 80, 000
Washington: +440, 000 Quinault, Falls Creek..............- { pape a
Baker Lake, Baker Lake. ........... { 1'350° 750 Quinault Lake.......0..02..02..-- 1,506,700
Birdsview, Day Creek..............-. 45,000 Sultan, Elwell Creek. ............--- 3, 228, 900
Grantty; Croke: 25. 25.588 23.2221. - 1,032, 000 aS SSS
Phinzey Cree eo 2 oe ack ee eee 245, 000 Total +980, 300
Brinnon, Walcotts Slough..........- 77, 465 St EEO SR CSO Eee oe | 10,534, 115
bo
bo
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
CHINOOK SALMON.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
California: Washington—Continued.
Baird, McCloud River.............-- 2,760, 000 Birdsview, Grandy Creek........... 270, 860
Battle Creek, Battle Creek ........- 4, 050, 500 Phinney, Creeks eee 30, 000
Mill Creek, Mill Creek..............- 3, 878, 900 SkapifiRiverse, sect aoe cemeeaees 20, 000
Sisson, State fish commission... ...-- *14, 321,900 Darrington, Bennetts Slough........ +51, 500
New York: Ithaca, applicant.......... *3, 000 Sank Rivers® ee See ae $17,970
Oregon: Day Creek, Day Créeek.............- 4,000
Applegate, Applegate Creek......... 36, 750 Tilabott, Illabott Creek. ..-..2......- 115, 750
Bonneville, State fish commission. . - 3 150, 000 ne ee Salmon, Little White Baie
= = Ri 2,000, 000 almonuRiver 336 pmscseueceeee ee , 611,
Clackamas, Clackamas River........ 9,239,400 Quinault, Falls Creeks .20 222s. 168; 600
; | a cae 1,843, 700 minault Lake s25. cose 2.2. 53,
River Mill, Clackamas River. ....... 1,0847000 || Sultan, Elwell Creek................ 21, 500
‘Trail RoguesRivet=.-2..-<-ossn—. 864, 000 Skyomish River*s-ceos ses esos 47, 200
Washington: Japan: Kobe, Japanese Government. . *100, 000
Baker Lake, Baker Lake............ 7,500 = Se os
Big White Salmon, Big White Sal- { +1, 500; 000 *17, 574, 900
MOnVRIVEN. coe eee eas 18, 960, 357 Totali2.22 See eee +6, 028, 920
63, 176, 244
SOCKEYE SALMON.
Alaska: : Washington—Continued.
Afognak, Hatchery Creek........... ae ae ane Birdsview, Grandy Creek.........-- : a Fi
: : 12, 450, 0 : 2 , 500,
etmik (Lakes... oc cceetuneos8 sec 14, 610, 000 Quinault, Quinault Ingke25<. 5 sseee 3, 386, 010
Seal Bay Creek, Seal Bay..........- +2, 712,000 |} British Columbia: Agassiz, Canadian
Yes Bay, Hatchery Creek.........-. 713, 150, 000 Government: sccceece eee eee *10, 000, 000
Lake McDonald...........-2.....- 18, 284; 500
Oregon: Bonneville, State fish com- *13, 000, 000
IMISSION.22 oc ees cece sac e Se ae sues *3, 000, 000 Totals. See oe ee +38, 137,000
Washington: 45, 599, 785
+1, 125, 000
Baker Lake, Baker Lake............ { 9, 205, 000
HUMPBACK SALMON.
Alaska: ; Washington—Continued.
Afognak, Letnik Bay.............-. +675, 000 Darrington, Bennetts Slough........ +57, 000
WetnikyRiv ern cess ha seas cas +651, 000 SaukuRiver: cance esos cone +59, 890
Seal Bay Creek, Seal Harbor. ....... +800, 000 Duckabush, Duckabush River...... +446, 840
aie: ae - eaaon Mabott, Iabott Creek.............- ues
ennysville, Dennys River........- F F F :
Pembroke, Pembroke River.........| $316,235 || Quilcene, Big Quilcene River... .... 770, 000
New Jersey: Mays Landing, Egg River. 18, 000 Sultan, Elwell Creek............-... 51, 000
Washington:
Birdsview, Grandy Creek........... 3, 915, 000 Total { +5, 193, 065
Brinnon, Wolcotts Slough........... +535, 000 area ak ad Soe ees 3, 754,
CHUM SALMON.
Washington: Washington—Continued.
Birdsview,Grandy Creek...........- +47, 400 Mlabott, Mabott Creek.............. 1, 841, 000
Brinnon, Wolcott's Slough=sse2 220 1, 663, 820 Quilcene, Big Quilcene River....-.- 71, 425, 000
Darrington, Bennetts Slough......-. +76, 600 Little Quilcene River............. 825, 350
Day Creek, Day Creek....-.......-. +23, 000 Sr
Duckabush, Duckabush River.....- $3, 989, 975 Totalicea.aceeaereee meee eee +9, 892, 145
STEELHEAD SALMON.
Massachusetts: New Hampshire:
Athol, Tom Swamp Pond..........- 1,000 Conicut, Lake Tarleton............- 6, 000
Hartsville, Green River............-. 1,500 Newport, Butternut Pond.......... +3, 000
PiARMONUB TOOK. chaos ees eteeces 1, 100 ColdsP ondisseeen) coe e toes tee +5, 000
Kingston, Brookdale Brook......... *100, 000 Pike, Lake Tarleton...............-. 11,000
MICh IAN illet ke 426, 000 New Jersey: Hackettstown, State fish Fs
Long Lake, Au Sable Lake.........- +10, 000 WIDE SEE OO G0 FSU O SSR CO I 50, 000
Ossineke, Devil River..............- $10,000 || New York: “fa
Minnesota: St. Paul, State fish com- rece State fish commission... .... *400, 000
REISS. OM ee eee eee arene ere *50, 000 Au Sa ale Forks, Taylor Pond....... 5, 000
Montana: Whitefish, Whitefish River. . 10, 000 Riverside, Schroon Lake...........- 3,000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 23
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
STEELHEAD SALMON—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Numbed.
Oregon: Washington—Continued.
Applegate, Applegate Creek.....-.-- 1, 991, 700 Brinnon, Dusewallips River. .....-- 129, 000
Butte Falls, state fish commission. . . *750, 000 Chico, Valley Tracts Pond......-..-- 14000
Clackamas, Clackamas River......-- 60, 465 Clallam, Beaver Lake..-.....-..---- 3, 000
Trail, Rogue River........- Sac xeee 819, 000 BYShtiRIVel. -----se-- 2-2 -= === 5, 000
Upper Clackamas, Clackamas River 493, 000 Darrington, Bennetts Slough........ 150, 000
Pennsylvania: Glen Eyre, Lake Giles. *50, 000 Day Creek, Day Creek. .......-...-- +43, 000
Vermont: Duckabush, Duckabush River..-.-. 422,320
Bellows Falls, Saxtons River....-..- 3, 000 Mabott, Mlabott Creek. --........--. 418, 100
Danville, Joes Pond......--...-.---- 348 Olympia, Lake Neuwatsel......-.---- 2,000
Hardwick, Nichols Pond..........-- 1, 000 Pomeroy, Pataha Creek....-......-- 3,000
Holden, Chittenden Dam.........--. 23, 605 Quilcene, Big Quilcene River. .....- 189, 000
Hyde Park, Lamoille River.......-.- 1, 000 Little Quilcene River.......-..--- 95, 000
Middlebury, Leicester River. ......- is eno Stevenson, Washougal River.....-.. +60 a
New Haven River.....-...-.....- ;
Newport, Clyde River............... city PC Oh eh Gas See { Teo'o0
MassisqwolRiver...2-=-- scat 4-cKe iP te ha Spooner, applicant ........ *20, 000
: ; 000 yoming:
Orleans, Willoughby River.......... { 1,000 Encampment, Encampment River . 18, C00
Plainfield, Winooski River.......... 5, 000 Evenston, Snowden’s pond.......-- 6, 000
Randolph, Ralfway Brook.......... 1, 000 Gold Hill Lake, Gold Hill Lake..... 20, 000
Roxbury, State fish commission... . *100, 000 Jacks Creek, Jacks Creek...........- 3, 000
St. J obnsbury, Sleepers River.....-. 350 Pass Creek, Pass Creek............-- 10, 000
West Danville, Joes Pond.........-- 1,000 Saratoga, Cedar Creek............--- 6, 000
Washington: North Platte River.........----.-- 8, 000
Birdsview, Alder Creek.........-... 50, 000 Spring Creek............ NS Pore 9, 000
Pays CLERK a erica. sea pese site eae 344, 000 Sheridan, State fish commission .... #50, 000
Grandy Creek... 2-. os bet ec sct 760, 000 Paton; ehelpsiakGses cores antes lee = 8, 000
Ma Creokisn 2 242o00 annonce Sse ee 50, 000 SS
Phinney Creek ss. 5. ..peevs so sens 326, 000 *1, 570, 000
Vogler’s Take= oi3.5 2.33.25 todecss 50, 000 Motalesss ease caatseistoteseee cues +172, 000
7, 022, 488
RAINBOW TROUT.
Alaska: ‘| Colorado—Continued.
Fairbanks Se ena *25, 000 Cotopaxi, Lake Creek Lake ..-...... 2,500
Hames, CEE gs O12 a *25, 000 Creede, RiovGrande. wees cs oo: 2,500
Alabama: Courtland, Sandy Creek... 4,000 Crossons, Crossons Pond..........-- 500
Arizona: DeBeque, Leon Creek.....-....--.-- 1,500
Flagstaff, Mormon Lake............. 1,000 Denver, Bean@reek....icstn0seee: 2,000
Holbrook, Show Low Creek......... 1,000 Durango, Potato Lake.............. 1,000
Pitaentigkoe ge Meee Fe. 1,000 Florence, Beaver Creek........-..-- 2,000
Walnut spring Ponds: oo 5. fo. 1,000 Fort Collins Big Thompson River. - 1,500
* Jerome Junction, Fritsche Lake..... 500 Cache La Poudre River..........- 3,500
portal Cave Creek. oe o2 3 oe. sca 1,500 Georgetown, Murry Lake. ........-- 2,000
Safford, Ivy Canyon Creek.......... 1,000 Naylor ake: 00s. frees ets 2,000
Morijilda Canyon Creek........... 1,000 Grant, Geneva Creek............---- 2,000
Sycamore, Sycamore Creek.......... 1,000 Gunnison, Clarke Creek...........-- 1,000
Tucson, 3C Ranch Pond............ 1,000 Cottonhurst Creek............---. 1,000
Arkansas: ee Woast’s pondssecsteecee ae 1,000
Green Forest, Harbert’s pond....... 500 iba Veta; Mill Dakere jzesc-p seen 1,000
Harrison, Buffalo Creek............- 1, 500 Leadville, Pmpire Creek..........-. 500
Springdale, Cleuri@reake >: = t= 3,000 | Frying Paar Rigen ss oo 2,000
ast Brosh Creek. 2.2.0. <ace sc < 3, 000 Middle Evergreen Lake........... 6,000
Hickony Cred so-2 te. 558 o>: 2,000 Loveland, Big Thompson River. - - . 1,500
pring Credke.- fo enerc--aee ce ee 3, 000 Big Thompson River, North Fork. » 1,500
Colorado: Marble, Beaver Lake..............-- 1,000
Antero, Antero Lake...............- 3,000 Carbonate Creek. .............---- 1,000
BAHU MIO UAnOselctcc cee sc eset cee 1,000 CrystaRiveresss 22865 ane ee 1,000
abigtrcekive. 22.02.) 220s, Os 1,500 Gost irail Creek. 2-84 <= Yt 25. 1,000
Wal Oreekes-t aces oo hele be scc,c as he 2,000 pyatle Creakicci ote sete toe Sate: 1,000
Newsy orklakeln ss. fees 28 Seti t 5, 000 Mineral Hot Springs, Wild Cherry
North American Lake............. 6,500 @resk Lakeisis. 25-395. eee 5,000
SPAVIOR AKAs ase ee okcs oes ens 1,500 Minturn, Gore Creek................ 1,500
Bailey, Entriken Meadow Lake..... 1,000 Moffat Saguache Crock s. 3: 28555 2,500
Breckenridge, Blue Lake............ 1,500 Nast, frying Ban Lakes 6295 23 4,000
Buffalo, Buffalo Creek............-- 1,500 Norrie, Savage Lake ...............- 4,000
Goose Cregkas- ote oe. ccccbe 2 Sete 1,500 Pitkin; Quartz Creek-<..c..52 2 e225 555 1,000
Carbondale, Snowmass Creek 4,000 Red Cliff, Eagle River. -...........-. 1,500
Cassells, Cassells Lake... . 1,500 Ridgway, Blue Lake 1,500
Cebolla, Carpenter’s pond 1,500 Ruedi, Ruedilake.<.c 202-2 tes. 800
Cebolla Creek....... 1, 500 Salida, South Arkansas River....... 1,500
Gunnison Rivenseso.ccc.~< == 22222 1,500 Shawnee, South Platt River, North
Cimarron, Butte Lake 1,000 On eee tenctc cca ces Woothies CoSi Se 1,500
Chit: Kins pong. a oSec~ee 500 South Cheyenne, South Cheyenne
Clyde, Bison Creeko..ssa55 252s cc. 8 1,000 CCK ok ta can v wt recs adeeb bet 1,000
24 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.
Disposition.
Colorado—Continued.
South Platte, South Platte River. - -
Steamboat Springs, Aqua Frio Lake-.|
Slide Tuakesewcs-eemaceer eek oe
Ward; Forest lakes. 2. 2222-22482
Westcliffe, Vanable Lake. ........--
Woodland Park, Northfield Lake-. .
Connecticut: Simsbury, Eno’s pond.
Georgia:
La Fayette, Big Spring Pond.....-.
Lakemont, Tiger Creek. ..........--
Tiger Creek#bonde) eke seas.
Turpin’ Creek. - ta. sec eae
Robertstown, Dukes Creek.........-
Hiawassee River..........--------
Tiger, Ramey! Creeks. 2 ee once.
Idaho:
Ashton, Phoenix Ranch Pond. .....
Drummond, Condah Creek.......-...
Tilinois: Chicago, applicant...-.....-
Indiana:
Crawfordsville, Country Club Lakes.
: Mishawaka, Willow Creek..........-
owa:
Lansing, State fish commission .....
North McGregor, Bloody Run......
Kentucky:
Glasgow, Fallen Timber Creek. ....-
Harlan, Cumberland River, Martin
HOGS oe bele e cintecisisisie ele eiawcmcewies
Louisiana:
Amite, Chappapela Creek..........-
Spring Branch ..:.-.<-2-- sequence
Arcola, Spring Branch...-........-.-
Kentwood, Line Creek............--
Minden, Orphans Lake..........-..-
Maine:
Jackman, Crocker Pond...........--
Portland, Pleasant River. .-......---
Maryland:
Baltimore, Greens Branch. .......-.
Myersville, Stotelmyer’s pond.......
Massachusetts:
Foxboro, Lake Neponset..........--
Greenfield, Stone Brook. 9 2e-ee see
Kingston appucant. ----seess-2 asec
Humts: Ponds -)2-35.-cec.- een ee
Lowell, Burgess Pond..........-----
HoreecPonded. ces: -a-sareee eee
one Pond) scoot Goaen Weeeeeee
Long-Sought-For-Pond......-.---
Spectacle-Pond = s--2_ s-¢29-cisc ee
Pittsfield, Morewood Lake.........-
DecCwImU BOOK. shee. > poe ps see eee
Michigan:
Graylings, Tilula Lake...........--.
Montrose, Glenn Lake. .......-..---
Ravenna, Crockery Creek.........-.
Reed City, Hersey River..........--
Wingleton, Pere Marquette River. -
Minnesota:
Cedar Brook, Cedar Brook.......-.-.-
Dover, Whitewater Creek. .....-.-.--
Preston, Camp Creek.............:--
Forestville ‘reek, North Branch...
paniidee Creek... <sschbase be
South Branch Creek...........---
pine Greeks sete J onizeesad aks
POW Cuetec Arr ind a bbl 5 SE
NWWETSOMNOLAG Ka octane pac ce opicsices
Willow Greek sich 2-2 iceee. abe eee
SSS8Ssss
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oo
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oo
S
Disposition. Number.
|| Minnesota—Continued.
Rushford, Enterprise Creek
Pine Creek
seeEe8E8
Birch Tree, Johnie Hollow Run....- 2,000
Columbia, Rock Bridge Creek....... 1, 500
Diamond, Banum Branch. ......... 500
Lebanon, Ha Ha Tonka Lake....... 5, 000
Montier, Searcy Run...............- 1, 500
Neosho, Clear Creek............--=-- 4,000
iHearrell Branch) 350922 0 teense 126
HickoryiCredi >on eee 182
Saginaw, Osborn’s pond.........--- 150
Springfield, Jordan River........... 585
Steeleville, Westover Creek........-
Verona, Spring River. ..:.-.-:-.-+!-
Montana:
Anaconda, State fish commission.... *3
Bozeman, East Rainbow Lake......
Mystic’ Lakes: osftacctesceecees
West Rainbow Lake..........-..-
Butte, applicant......... wd *]
Conrad, Barber’s pond. -
Williams Pond-t-2-:c22-seee
Gilman, Sun River, North For
Glacier Park, Boulder Creek........
Gunsipht Wakes c.ssoss sac ee aeee
St. Marys River, Middle Fork.....
Swift Current Creek, Upper......-
Havre, |Clear'Creekivi= t22s- ee eee
Joplin, Big Sage Creek.......-------
Lodge Grass, Lodge Grass Creek. -..
Manhattan, Bull Greek...........---
Oyler Creek: c5ei422 ee Piss
Waters Creeks 22-242. e0e sees =
Marion, Lang Trout Pond..-........
Norris, South Meadow Creek..-......
Plentywood, Park Lake........-..--.
Troy, applicant.......- One aaES SESS *
Twin Bridges, Wisconsin Lake......
Nebraska:
Andrews, White River......-...--.-
Gretna, Niobrara River.........-..-.
Nevada: : :
Elko, Humbolt River........----.--
Verdi, State fish commission......-..
New Hampshire: -
Bennington, Moose Brook.....------
Worth Branch Rivers ---<--<--)-=-
Canaan, Fales Brook......- Seca hele
Minkson, BLOOKo oe cr sa.cc s-= aeineere
Lakewood, Ossippee Lake......----
Lebanon, Mascoma River.......----
Nashua, Silver Lake......----------
Newport,Sugar River,South Branch.
Suncook, Boat Meadow Brook.....-
New Jersey: ay
Hackettstown, State fish commission
Oak Ridge, Stony Brook Lake....-.
New Mexico:
Carlsbad, Dark Canon Creek........
Carrizozo, Ruidioso River...........
Chama, Brazos River... - Bete
Canjilon (UNCGK eee sea ese nee
CanIoneS Creek. ceceresaner encase
(Chama evel crsssssho-=ccee ad
Chavez Creek....-. Anearipapoosac
Rio de Tierra Amarilla............
inde ein bn eee aamac ements:
Mountainair, Tajique Canyon Creek.
Gnava, Bask Lakes... .c.cccssteeere
Upper Armstrong Lake...........
S wo
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SEESeEeEeE8
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 25
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
New Mexico—Continued. North Carolina—Continued.
Springer, Orchard SpringPond...... 500 Toecane, Byrd’s pond.............-. 1,000
Taos Junction, Blue Lake........... 1,000 Byrd and Wilson Creek........... 3, 000
Tularosa, Indian School Pond....... 500 Tryon, Bullings Creek...........-.-. 7,000
New York: : Waynesville, Caldwell Fork Creek... 4,900
Ardsley, Nepperhan River.......... 1, 250 Cataloochee Creek................- 5, 600
Benson Mines, Star Lake...........- 4,000 HI OTSG Cr Gpkeme es ake hos aoe oo eae 4, 200
A WATMGe KOS sere naw.) c i netnceee ee 3,000 indian Creeks) os ss nase he 5, 600
Canaseraga, Windsor Creek......... +2, 000 Richland! Creek <2. 22... : 4, 200
Chappaqua, White Birch Pond..... 200 Woodys Creekes = 2 -e= sb. scaceenas 5, 600
Elmira, Shepard Creek.............. 4,000 West Jefferson Dey Creek... 2,500
Sing Sing 1G) eae Sea aReE aaeear Ts 2,000 |} North Dakota: Halliday, ans Creek . 500
Homell Big Creelo 2 ee eo re ass ceas 4,000 || Ohio:
Ses Creeks teeta ecescemene 4,000 Castalia, Castalia Trout Run........ 5, 000
BIUSUPOURLVED® ove colenae secs ole 8,000 : 3, 000
Car Valley Brook. .....-.........- 3,000 Middlefield, Orchard Pond.......... 1000
Ithaca, applicant ..........- Poets *3, 750 Ravenna, Cuyahoga River, tributary
Malone Junction, Salmon River..... 4,000 Glee sea ae eee Sea SE +5, 000
North Ilion, Miller MillCreek....... 4,000 |; Oklahoma:
Purdys, Holmes Lake::._.....:..... 2,000 Smithville, Mountain Fork......-..- 1,600
Syracuse, Butternut Creek.......... 4,500 Spavinaw, Spavinaw Creek......... 1,600
Onondaga Creek... -...--5-.------ 4,500 Strang, Spavinaw Creek......-..:-.- 2,500
Tarrytown, Little Mohawk Pond... 500 Wyandotte, Brushy Creek........-. 3, 000
White Plains, Rye Lake. ........... 1, 250 || Oregon:
Wyandanch, Carlls River........... 1, 250 Butterfield, Saunders Lake.......... 5,000
North Carolina: Clackamas, Clackamas River........ 13, 580
Black Mountain, Broad River....... 3,500 Clear Creek, Clear Creek............- 31, 000
Broad River, Rush Branch....... 1, 400 Eagle Creek, Eagle Creek..........-.. 10, 000
GYaSSy Cres = sce tos = ote ena 2,100 Oregon City, Molala River.........-. 25, 000
Swannanoa River, North Fork.... 10, 500 Upper Clackamas, Clackamas River. 17, 699
Swannanoa River, Sugar Fork.... 2,100 |) Pennsylvania:
Bryson, Kirkland Creek............. 2,800 Altoona, Roaring Spring Creek... .... 600
Dillard, Bis Creek. 22+. . 2 cote s ee 3, 000 Benton, Fishing Creek.....-.......- 3, 200
Salt Rock Branch.....2.2.2.2..... 2,000 Bryn Mawr, Cobbs Creek... -.-.-.-- 4,000
Bapiial) Crecksss cass en cctce castes 2,000 Cowanesque, Purple Brook........-- 200
Shiga Creck seo. soca ceamcee saisaae 3,000 Cedar Hollow, Valley Creek. - 4,000
Slab Cabin Branch............ 2,000 Central, Fishing Creek. ...... 3, 200
Wildes telake Sse sr esa 2,000 Coles Creek, Fishing Creek..... 3, 200
Elkin, Church’s pond............... 1,000 Edsons, Fishing Creek.............- 3, 200
Grassy Creek...........-.-....-- 3 3,000 || Forks, Fishing Creek..............-- 3; 200
Elkland, Brushy Fork Creek........ 1,000 Gaines Junction, Big Hollow Creek.. 300
HUB CTCCK a ass onc ose onc eeanes 1,000 Elk Run, southfork .............. 300
BikPark, Mlk River! . 25. 228222. 7,000 Gai Rin sot essen te eee ee 900
Little Wik Creek. °¢..... 2... eee 5,000 KGtila Creek. co toe et auto 800
Farner, Hiawassee River............ 750 ack aN. 6 on 2 got nck cosagae amet 400
Hendersonville, Maxwell Creek...... 4,200 Wong suns. ssc tenes x cpmoaes scien eae 500
Rocky Broad River............... 11,900 Pine Cred. 2.86 Sua ot elses = 1, 200
Hickory, Rockett’s pond............ 1, 400 SMith Runs. saeeeoees etd ae ots 300
Linville, Camp Creek............... 4,000 SPrnp Brook esses cease eee eels 300
JOUNSON SI PON =... = oSscencse osece 1,000 Ppune RNS Je a Ee a 500
Mill Timber Creek. ............... 3,000 Thompson Hollow Creek...-...-.-- 300
Upperwloe River: . 3c. co ececas oo 8,000 Gap, Livingstone Run.............. 4,000
iWaisOlt Creeks 525 3 su2. aoa eed 6, 000 Grass Mere Park, Fishing Creek... .. 3, 200
Montezuma, Chestnut Heights Lake. 5, 000 Howellville, Valley Creek........... 4,000
Mt. Sterling, Big Creek.............. 4,000 Ivyland, Pleasant Plains Pond...... 1,000
WAITER OTeGk 3s Foe sh 3m woe oc es = 6,000 Jamison, Fishing Creek........-.... 3, 200
Murphy, Cook Creek..........:..... 4,900 Johnstown, Alwine Run............ 900
Wauchesee Creek..........--..-.:- 3,500 Benns' Credk .. 2 sso sse ee toposes oe 1, 200
Noland, Andrews Creek............. 3, 500 Cold'SpringRin eee aon cee 900
BING NCnG Ee See a eee eee ae aS 3,500 ROATINEY RT cee = eae ine en sreee 1, 200
IBGar Pen Creek) sees cc scels esses 2,100 Salt Dick Riina.2 a2n eswsecc. eee 900
Wear Creeks sso a. wo Sacae ene s Spa 2,800 King of Prussia, Trout Creek........ 2,000
Morse Cove Creek 20.25... scsnecs 2,100 Lancaster, Little Conestoga Creek. . . 5,000
Ttidian@reeks-2. oh sen 2a ceemee 2,100 Laubachs, Fishing Creek............ 3, 200
havreb Branch s200F So shen nesce eet 2,100 Narvona, Dennis Run............... 4,000
RU Orbe et eee tes eat one 2,100 Little Conestoga Creekis5 is6i5. 230 3,000
Nolin) Creeks: «255 eae a eno 3,500 New Centerville, Trout Creek....... 2,000
North Wilkesboro, Moravian Creek Walley Creek oo vas sabe scones 4,000
127042 (0 (De EN ae A Re 700 New Germantown, Fowlers Run.... 900
eddies River 22-2 5 ease. 1,000 iParkerson River.©. 922: Socacates 1, 200
Roaring River, Middle Fork...... 4, 200 Sheaffers Rum. s. socca.c or nwonseeee 600
Roaring River, West Fork........ 4, 200 Norristown, Neilson’s pond......... 1,000
Old Fort, Catawba River........... 2100 || Oak Hall, Blue Spring Run......... 2,000
MalCreek ee ons Oo aas Scceececs 3,500 Paoli Road, Valley Creek..........- 4,000
Pisgah Forest, Davidson River...... 14, 400 Petersburg, Armon Run............ 600
ills River, South Fork.......... 15,000 MaSsaVE ON Le cnn seed acces ob 1, 200
Shulls Mills, Cane Creek............. 5, 000 MOVEISI CROOK? 5: = soe~ aman sou ns 2 1, 200
Upper Laurel Creek Pond......... 4,000 Pine Grove Furnace, Fuller Lake. .. 2,000
26 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.
Disposition.
Pennsylvania—Continued.
Number. Disposition.
Virginia—Continued.
Plainbrook, Valley Creek..........-- 4,000 Waynesboro, Pratt Creek.........-.-
Pocono Summit, Tobuhanna Creek.. 1,500 Wytheville, Cove Creek, North Fork.
St. Clair, WolfCreek Pond.......... 3,200 ittle Crodkes SAU see cee
Slatington, Aquashicola Creek.....-- 7,000 Stony Fork Creek. ..
Big | Creekseeersseeeccrecr ts se 4,000 TatessRiil... 3. = seccatew eee aes
Trout Creek 3,000 || Washington:
Wild Creek 4,000 Aberdeen, Black Creek...........--.
Stillwater, Fishing Creek..........-- 3, 200 Dalazine Crecks eo cces bee ae
Susquehanna, Canawacta Creek..... +3, 000 Jobus' Rivers. estes eee see
Starrucea/Creekse. = 2.) /2f2-2- <= +5, 000 Mooney:Creek. 228s Usagsaecensene
Tamaqua, Cold® Run. 22. -2---.-2--2: 500 INeushka\Creckay feet ne) ane eeee
Valley Store, Valley Creek........-- 4,000 Newmar Creek 22222052 ena eee
Warren, Farnsworth Creek....-....-- 2,400 Salmon'Creekis oo sre sesso
Wilkes-Barre, Thorn Lake. ......-..- 3, 200 Vesta Creeks: ssn) eas eae
Wyalusing, Sugar Run Creek....... 8, 000 Widerind! Creeks: 22 352s 2so soe
yalusing Creek... ..--:---<.--5. 8, 000 Chewelah, Waits Lake.............-
South Carolina: Colvillesapplicantaes sy sseee cee eee
Greenville, Brushy Creek - - ACsersas- 4,000 Olympia, Red Creek...............-
Cox 'Croake = ss ccn ae teens eee ece 3, 000 Stevenson, Blue Lake..............-.
FilthornCreeka a ceeeceee eee 3, 000 Columbia River, tributary of......
Matthews Creek.......-.---------- 4,000 Tacoma, Spanaway Creek...........
Mill s'Crogke te) eee cose ces 3, 000 Vancouver, Battle Ground Lake. ...
Oil Camp Creeksi ets. sense hoe eee 4,000 Lewis River... --..--.. Die Nein aa 5a
Saluda River and branches. -..---- 14, 800 Washougal River: <. 222-542-205.
Stone's pon dese 2 ee. ee 1,000 |} West Virginia:
Morty Creeks senescence ne 3, 000 Amblersburg, Salt Lick Pond.......
Whitney, Dawson Fork Creek......- 12, 000 Clay Run, Tygarts Valley River... .
Richwood, Cherry River, South Fork.
South Dakota:
Pamplin, Sacony Creek............. 500 Somerset, Power Pond..
Pearisburg, Nobusiness Creek ... - .-- 2, 000 oner, Crystal Creek
Pembroke, Laurel Creek...........- 2, 000
Richmond, Harnish’s pond......... 1,000
Roanoke, Prater Creek.............- 7,000
Rugby Gabin Creek................ 1,000
Rural Retreat, Cripple Creek.......- 500
Salem, McAfee Run................. 2,000
Tazewell, Little Creek.............-.. 2,000
Roaring Fork Creek..............- 2,000
Troutville, North Fork Branch 500
Tye River, Davis Creek.... 4,000
iney River..........-- 4,000 Helge Larson Creek...
Shoe Creek,....... 4,000 Helgeson Creek.......
St. Onge, False Bottom Creek... ..-- 2,000 Sewell, Glade Creek..........---.---
Spearfish, Camp No. 2 Lakes...--.-- 115 MannsiCreek-t oes sesn sa socecenes
Tennessee: Shepherdstown, Town Run.........
‘Austral, Geo Credks 2. ccesceste scene 9,000 Sleepy Creek, Meadow Branch......
Del Rio, Big Creek, Dry Fork.....-- 5, 000 Spangler) Rl Rivers... )2 222 25----22-
Ge; oe! Creeks 2.7 ers 2s oe ree 6, 000 Elcwater Creek....-....--.-.-0-..
Elkmont, Jakes Creek.....-...------ 3,000 || Wisconsin:
aural Creeks. sac en eaeee ce eee 3, 000 Baldwin, Cady Creek..........--.---
ittle River. 222. <cs22 ce: sehen ee 12, 000 IN;vesiGreeks foeaiae ss ne Tere
IPiPGOn (RIVER a cess a= ee eee see 12, 000 Timberlake Spring Brook.........
Pigeon River, West Prong......-. 12, 000 Willow Creek, East Fork.........
State fish commission...........-. *100, 000 Blue Mounds, Austin Creek.........
Erwin, Rocky Fork Creek..........- 5, 000 Bohris Creeks22-..22e--2 hese eaeee
Ktowah, lost'Creek....2.0.22 022.2! 750 ee Creek) ase eee ee
Hampton, Spring Lake...........-- 75 McKinney Creek... ../.-20..---. a=
McFarland, Coker Creek..-........-- 1,000 Ruste: Creek= sie pes eee noes
Morristown, Crystal Lake......-...- 1,000 Blue River, Gorman Branch......-.
Roan Mountain, Doe River........-. 5, 000 Cashton, Schriener Creek............
Spring City, Hinch’s pond.......... 1,000 Chippewa Falls, Big Drywood Creek.
Tullahoma, Hurricane Creek.......- 5, 000 Dimean\ Creek a2 eis ecee eee ee cee
Utah: Little Drywood Creek.............
Murray, applicant...22-2-5-+s=------ *25, 000 Paint: Greeks xeereeere see nee
Ogden ‘Burton’s pond 1,000 Cylon, Willow River, South Fork...
WAINLEriS PONGSSce-2 = sees ese 2, 500 Deer Park, Willow River...........
Virginia: Dodgeville, Flint Creek.............
Abingdon, White Top Creek......-. 15, 000 Eleva, Monson Creek...........-...-
oP a te Appomattox River... 400 Elkhart Lake, Crystal Lake.........
Blackstone, Daniels’s pond.......--. 500 Hayward, Namakagon River.......
Bonsacks, Beechwood Place Pond... 500 Narrow, Creek*= 2/20 ee ans2 ete
Boone Mill, Maggodee Creek.... i 2,000 La Farge, Bear Creek...............
ByTEShy Brushy Creek. 2522257. 3c 52 2, 000 Goose Greekisu-.2ut tiie eee!
AylOMRUns 2 ssceeneeensee sees ees 2,000 fndiani Creeks teense snes ee tore
Cripple Creek, Rosebaum’s pond... . 500 us Creek herecs ens cce sea eeee as
Kimballton big Stony Creek....... 1,000 Otter Crock: to.er vente se eee eee
Marion, Staley MPOKeaeee eee 1, 500 Warner Créeks<c<nt.weiteee sore ce
Mount Jackson, Big Stony Creek... . 600 Wi eShem Creekon aerate een seen
Sedqcioodae 1, 200 River Falls, Kinnickinick River. . ..
News Ferry, Birch Creek.......-..--- 500 St. Croix Falls, St. Croix River.....
reek.....- 250 Sauk City, Sugar Grove Creek... ...
Number.
wee
*
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OO RR A101 O Or 0 Ot
os
SSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSSEIEZ SSZSESEES SESELSSSSESESES
400
weve eveeuee eee e
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
RAINBOW TROUT—Continued.
East Orland, Toddy Pond..-...-..-.
Farmington, Big Barnard Pond....
IBGE ONG se ces- te ae esas
PMOHPRROHGU tomtenne chet tees vel ce
PO WOUEE TIC ema rcete caren
NCR bo RoE SRLS RT te ge
Greenville Junction, Sawyer Pond..
Hartland, Great Moose Lake......-.
Island Falls, Mattawamkeag Lake. .
Jackman, Lake Wood
Kineo, Moose River.........-...--.-
Moosehead Lake: 22ik. 2.2 .52.-
APT TV Cd Re pag Ee alee een
a Exclusive of 2,640 fingerlings lost in transit.
Pennsylvania:
South Windham, State fish commis-
SIT eee one ee ee eee ae
Stockholm, Square Lake..-......-.--
Unity, Winnecook Lake............-
New Hampshire:
Laconia, Winnesquam Lake.......-
Newport, Crescent Lake..........--..
New Jersey: Hackettstown, State fish
COMIMISSION sat ce eee eee ees
New York:
Keepawa, Big Rock Lake.........--.
Lake George, Lake George.......---
Long Lake West, Doctors Pond.....
Nehasane, Lake Pilati eet ST
Warrensburg, State fish commission.
Bellefonte, Sugar Run
Vermont:
Canaan, Big Averill Lake...........
Little Averill Take..-.-..........:
27
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Wisconsin—Continued. W yoming—Continued.
Westby, Helseth Creek..........--- 1,000 Cody, Jones Creek ........55.2 059.222 2,000
Oiler Creelkes. 3). s-neeweee nes 1,000 MonmoniC@reeks . 22 ./.. cece eene 2, 000
Homsted) Creeks =<)r-3 a= 1, 000 Shoshone River and Branches... - 8, 000
arson’ Credkiv: sc. chase see. 1, 000 Sweetwater Creek................- 1,000
anrhers Creek. - 3242222253522 1,000 Encampment, Encampment River.. 23, 000
Nollen Creek. Soe s sys sacciss ote 1,000 Evanston, Russell’s ponds... .....-- 8, 000
Nelson Creek... = 1, 000 Snowden’s pond. ios. oases 3, 000
Norbo Creek.........--- 1,000 Gold Hill Lake, Gold Hill Lake..._. 20, 000
North Bad Ax River.... mae 1,000 Jacks Creek, Jacks Creek ............ 4,000
Olson Creeks 553573505 - Sass 1, 000 Lander, Dinwoodie Creek ........... ily fay)
Rentz Creeks 2. scscs.sackenn eee 1,000 Little Popo Agie River........... 1,575
Sandbakken Creek.........-....-- 1, 000 otriswMakerwerssdo ose fea k Joe 1,050
Sanding! Creakes,5 5: esse oe: soe 1,000 Lower North Fork River......... 2, 625
Seasibranch te ease ssa se ete s 1,000 Popo Agie River and branches.... 5, 250
Shannon|Creeks5 482 b Jekes 2 1,000 Sweetwater River. ...........-/..- 6, 825
Sletto Creekessxsssscsstogescsse cece 1, 000 Laramie, State fish commission... .. *50, 000
Spring Valley Creek........----.-- 1, 000 Newcastle, Lower Stockade Creek, - . 3, 000
Sween Creek... 2955 565.0055. 1,000 Middle Beaver Creek, ............- 3, 000
Swenson Creek. .......------------ 1, 000 Parkman, Dayton Creek..........-. 5, 000
Tomten Creek: 4.332 5ees aos ses 1,000 Powder River, Eccles Lake......... 1,050
Twenty Four Valley Creek........ 1, 000 Rock River, Rock Creek........-...- 10, 000
Wan RudenCreeks. (2355. S255. 00-0 1, 000 Saratoga, Cedar Creek..............- 8, 000
Warm Spring Creek. ...........-.. 1,000 Greyhound Lake.................. 10, 000
Woodman, Little Green Creek. -.... 800 North Platte River... ..222.02!..2: 10, 000
oa Spring Creeksosas-sec lee eee eae ee 8, 000
ody, Blackwater Creek..........-. 2,000 || Japan: Kobe, Japanese Government. . *100, 000
Browns Spring Creek ...........-. 2,000 _
Parle Creeks age acl seee gcc see 1,000 *1, 139, 250
GOfi Credka oa. js te ens e eee 3, 000 Totala:s tosh. sees eee A et 22, 000
Gunbarrel Creek... --.....5....-- 2, 000 1, 654, 477
Jim Creeks sastcaccce ee ce eee seca 2,000
ATLANTIC SALMON.
Maine: Maine—Continued.
Brownville, Pleasant River.......-. +600, 000 Orland? (Onland!Rivers<s:22.22225222 671
Cherryfield, Narraguagus River ..... +225, 000 Pembroke, Pembroke River... ...-- 7375, 000
Dennysville, Dennys River.......-. 7627, 000 ———_——-
Grindstone, Mattawamkeag River, Total +2, 577, 000
Hastypraneh! 22 see) jase ek ae FTO OOS | tine, a rhein cant ap axe Se tian ee Sass aera rae 7
Oakfield, Mattawamkeag River,
Wast BVAHCh acs soos seis seis = ste +375, 000
LANDLOCKED SALMON.
Maine: Maine—Continued.
b Exclusive of 1,000 fry lost in transit.
28 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BLACKSPOTTED TROUT.
Disposition.
Alaska: Juneau, applicant...........-
Arizona:
Flagstaff, Oak Creek................
Globe, East Verde Creek.........-.-
Pine Creck eeekeecseeene cece es cee
Tonto Creek, West Branch..-.....
Workmani@regke 0 socks. e
Sycamore, Sycamore Creek...-....--
Winslow, East Clear Creek. .......-.
California: Point Reyes, Olema Creek.
Colorado:
Baileys, South Platte River.........
Breckenridge, Barton Creek.......-.
Crystal akesigesteenc cess S56 s
Indiana ‘Creagh aes ose = sacs
McCollough Creek..........-.-.---
North Ten Mile Creek..........-.-
Spruce Creek.- 5... ..cesws feels
UppersBlue; Rivera feeere sesceee
Cebolla, East Elk Creek...........-.-
Cimarron, Little Cimarron River....
Colorado Springs, Broadmoor Lake..
Cheyenne ake-- 3602 see eo
Como, Four Mile Creek.........-...-
Creede, Lower Clear Creek........-.-
RIO Grande sc sen ae eneeecescisesecc
Eldora, Middle Boulder Creek....---
Florence, Middle Creek............-.
South Hardscabble Creek.........
Foxton, South Platte River, North
ROD Ke seiets he cite ee cinsescee ates
Fraser, Cabin Creek...............--
INTASPIORIVOED pee ccemeseecaqaeee
ANCA OTeGKie esc seekers on csnc esa
Sie ouls Wakes oso seek. oe
Glacier, Glacier Lake................
Granby, Grand River, South Fork. .
Strawberry Creek............-.---
Graneros, St. Charles Creek. .......-
Granite, Lake Creek, North Fork...-
Lake Creek, South Fork.........-.
Gunnison, Gunnison River......-.-.
Hayden, Bunker Creek............-
North Hunt Creek.............-..-
Williams River, East Fork.......-
Hierro, North Beaver Creek.......-.
Hot Sulphur Springs, Beaver Creek .
Howard, Big Cottonwood Creek.....
labo Springs, Chicago Creek, West
(0) op entrar see
Kremmling, Pass Creek.............
Lake City, Gunnison River, Lake
FDEP S = a(n eerie ae oe ee ames eee
Lake George, Tarryall Creek........
La Veta, Cuchara Creek............-
Leadville, Little Homestead Creek. -
win DakesiCreek. <o. er ac0e ce ace
WVALTICLSONMUAKO) oss. «,s;lerene wre creel
Los Pinos Section House, Los Pinos
RAV OL See scr cite Secte wo niee os ase obeace
Lyons, Big Thompson River, Mid-
dis Forkess25 os. a Peteaiacecines
GabiniCrpekneree Genes ccac cleus s
or
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SS
Nore
COO ke DON Crore Or Oren on
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Disposition.
Colorado—Continued.
iyons,. Hall Creékpeeresccacnecesaeee
Hox! Creek Sass sec seve
Maddox, South Platte River, North
Malta, Rock Creek... o-oo sccop eee
Marble, Crystal River..............-
(Lost ‘Trail'Creek 05-4 cee seen =
Witla Creakfa25 bees coe eee eee
Nast, Chatman Lake...............-
Ohio City, Gold Creek.........-.-.-
Pagosa Springs, Falls Creek.......--
our Mile Creek... 22-.45.2-2e8
Piedra River, Middle Fork.......-
Quartz: Creek: -2.- at See eeeeee
Sand Creek sce 225 Ac seers ene
San Juan River, East Fork.......
San Juan River, West Fork.......
Silver Creeksse so -p8 onc a cen
urkeysCreekos: sees eae eee es
Wolf. Creek: 528 soar. eet
Parshall, Grand River, Williams
Mork .st MS Sa ee eee
Phippsburg, Hunt Creek..........-..
Pine Grove, Platte River.........-.-
Pitkin; Quartz/Creaks*s) see. eeeeeee
Pueblo, St. Charles Creek......-..--
Radium, Sheephorn Creek....-..-..-
Rollinsville, Espy Lake............-
Rosemont, East Beaver Creek......-
Salida, ‘Bear, Crock 22c2 sence sce cen
Browns @reekossseen eee neers eens
Sapinero Creek.......-.----------
Slate Rivers3) oa cee si accep
Taylor Rivers soabce eeeae eee ee
Silverton, South Mineral Creek....-.
South Fork, Alder Creek..........--
Mlk: Creeks ele oS oes oh eee
impbarro\Creakece soa. eect reece
Steamboat Springs, Big Creek Lake.
Geom) bake. <20 se. oasee eS ceeds
North Fork Lake see
South Mork Lake-2s-..6 ceo. cansee
Upper Corral Dake. 25-22. cence
Walton Creek, North Fork.......-.
Sunset, Four Mile Creek...-.........
Tabernash, Cabin Creek............-
Crooked Creeks ts Sac le oes ee
racer Rivers wees ote see see
Polei@reak St 235 ead ee
Thomasville, Lime Creek.......-.-.--
Victor, Number Ten Lake...........
Walkers Spur, Frying Pan River...-
Walsenburg, Huerfano River........
Wiard, Beaver: Lakes. 22253 -e eee
IBTAIMANG) Wakes enna sense ew ene
JAMES Creekiecsnss ose sia nbiese ee
Gong Wake 5 weno A ye seconos ee
Shadow Lakess=22. ccsso-soenseeee
South St. Vrain River..........-..
Wray, Matheney Lake.............-.
RODDWUAKG ose ee oes sess eter ocr
Yampa; Coali@reek: Assscen. a. m-2-
Middle Hunt Creek..-..........---
Wieitsoni@reeie ans a ceenk ~~ - sons
Youman, Big Blue Creek..........--.
Idaho: Soda Springs, Blackfoot River.
Michigan: Detroit, applicant
Montana:
Anaconda, McCarthy’s pond........
State fish commission............-
S
S
Seas
po ee
SOSH OOOO DONT Or Or Or Or Or Or Or Or OT ST De eH OD
See aa ta he ahr
SESSSSSSSSSSSSSSS22S SBSFZSSESESESSSS=ES SE
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DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 29
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BLACKSPOTTED TROUT—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Montana—Continued. Montana—Continued.
Armstrong Spring Creek........-...- +6, 000 Mission, Mission Creek.............. +6, 000
ASTON: DOP: CLOGK. snc ccctcin a cle act aeiv te +5, 000 Missoula, Beaver Creek.............. +5, 000
SnOWSNOS Crock -ee ccc amen sete 5, 000 Big Blackfoot River, North Fork.. +7, 500
POUT CLEOR. <i. qotenicmre eee ecies 5, 000 Bitter Root River +7, 500
Becket, Atherton Creek............. +4, 000 Blanchard Creekie2s4 -. <<. = cscs +7, 500
Belgrade, Cottonwood Creek... -.-.... +7, 500 Camas Creek.....-.. +5, 000
Wass OLOOK oc Stiaisn secre aeaeaet fae +10, 000 Cottonwood Creek +7, 500
Belton, Cut Bank Creek....... we +7, 500 Finley Creek. ..... 77, 500
Lake MecDermott-.--.....-- 42, 500 Gold Creek.......... $7, 500
Lake McDonald....... ae +7, 500 Grant) Creek eitk a. ceases le csiooe $7, 500
Red Eagle Lake............-.-.... 72, 500 WOcKOICraGk. fon. Semen woccceeecn +7, 500
Two Medicine Lake............... 72, 500 OnTSONICEOKe--sacce ese ena spac $7, 500
re Timber, Blue Creek............. 7, 500 OWEO (ROB Keene a. ae a eioemias alone ae +7, 500
OlGer HiVer ssa. ae anc sense de 16, 000 MTN Cree ke ease meron hoist clejecs'2 ncnre +5, 000
Wayuse Creek: << - 25.0. sc<c/nis'o ce - 6, 000 Willen Creelcss 2.45 boatoo. avast +7, 500
Upper Boulder Creek.............. 10, 000 iMonture Creeks. saseeesesscenss 2. $7, 500
Bozeman, Asbestos Creek. .-........ +3, 000 Rattlesnake Creek..........-.....- +7, 500
Beaver Creek...-...........---..-.- 73, 000 Rockit Creek vaste ee soeae noes +7, 500
Buffalo Horn Creek....--.--.-.-... 73, 000 Pwinnil' Creek: si. s.222staemeb dae +5, 000
IDO as. See cepereeeenr ae +3, 000 Mitchell, Big Sheep Creek........... $5, 000
East Bear Creek...........--.---.- 3, 000 Park City, Yellowstone River....... +20, 000
Middle Creek....-.-.--.-.-.-.-.... +3, 000 Perma, Burgess Lake..........-...- +10, 000
Middle Spanish Creek......-...... 3, 000 Pony, ‘Hanson Lake.........+-.-.-.. +5, 000
North Spanish Creek.............. 73, 000 Pray, Lambert Creek........----...- +4, 000
Olsoni@ reeks esas asieaes ees 2,000 ill Creek, North Fork............ +4, 000
Sour Dough Creek...-...-.--...-.. +3, 000 Mill Creek, South Fork............ +4, 000
South Spanish Creek.............. +3, 000 Simon @reckio~s 7-555 - 2 soscec ose ae +4, 000
Soe Hl reeks si02 sco soa ose 3, 000 Sitawberry Creek: .-2c- ascesese oo 2, 000
FAI CLOOKe so seas awor Sasha 4,000 Saltese, Big Sunday Creek....-.....- 5, 000
Westy Bear Crook. soe so. a. 32-55 3, 000 Mominion\ Creek: - Sess. ees te +5, 000
West Fork Creek, North Branch. . $2, 000 Wacker! Creek... 22 =.< joaecnjtoarceensse +7, 500
West Fork Creek, South Branch. . $3, 000 Packer Creek, East Fork.......... +5, 000
IBEtie apDNCANt ceosseeccees =< ceo *200, 000 Packer Creek, West Fork. +5, 000
Carabella, Miner Creek.............. +4, 000 St. Regis River-.........- ze +7, 500
BNTECUP REE! eee ets acne +6, 000 Rilver- Oraak.s29 costco. oc: +5, 000
WockiOreek:- ace sec seeeee-See Sa 5c. +8, 000 Sixteen, DryiCreeks.ssccctecscns coca +6, 000
Chadborn, Bangtail Creek........... +6, 000 Spring Creeks. seers sctasde secre +6, 000
Clyde Park, Cole Creek.........-.... +4, 000 Soda Butte, Soda Butte Lake......- +600, 000
MR OCKA CROOK aise nies Sok Seamless +8, 000 Stevensville, Ambrose Creek. ....... 2,500
Corwin Springs, Cedar Creek........ 712, 000 Bass Creeke. 42 ee Saree eons ae 5, 000
Cilemakes ooo oes Sago +8, 000 Bitter Root River, Middle Fork... +2, 500
Mandalliake:2 2222-72. 22 sce sk +2, 000 Cold Creeke. feectic sodas mnces cee +2, 500
STLWINWGAKOS ooh aaa ene ae oo coaro nts ce +4, 000 IMEUIINCTOGK aan see aea tic arn metres +5, 000
Daileys, Big Creek 5 .: 0.55 .c<3...2 +4, 000 Sawmill Creek s--0 2-221. 2 sce-~e +2, 500
Haileys Crook’.2- . locs-teesisessane a. +4, 000 Ghree; Mile: Creekin-w-2--<<1-)=2< 52 +5, 000
Yellowstone River.......-........ +6, 000 Thompson Falls, Cabin Creek... ...- +12, 000
Dillon, French Creek Pond.......... +5, 000 Tatt airy: Creeks oor oe ieee ans +5, 000
Gardiner, Gardiner River........... +8, 000 Randolph Creek: «<<. wso- +26 cine = 75, 000
Yellowstone River................ +8, 000 Townsend, Crow Creek..-..-...-.--- 15, 000
Glacier Park, Red Eagle Lake....... $7, 500 Greyson: Creeks oo. <isceesiqscss- +5, 000
Hamilton, Bitter Root River......_. +2, 500 IEE yg CLOG en renee ese oe a $5, 000
Blodgett Creek..-...-..-.......2.. $7, 500 Whitefish, Swift Creek............-- +20, 000
Gird\ Creek: oo. 22. s2=sieeeces sense +5, 000 White Suphur Springs, Eagle Creek. . 76, 000
Skalkaho Creek......-.......-.... +5, 000 | Fight Mile Creek.......-..--..--.- | +4, 000
Sleeping Child Creek.............. +5, 000 Four Mile Creek....-.....--..----- +8, 000
South Willow Creek............... $27, 500 | Little Birch Creek. .-.----2.---+-=- 72,000
Lennep, Bonanza Creek............. +4, 000 | SMiphlvele sons seaseen cress ees 78, 000
Musselshell River, South Fork.... +6, 000 Willow: ©roek.- ecndecs ates senso +4, 000
Lewistown, Cottonwood Creek...... +8, 000 Woods Gulch Creek..........- af +4, 000
Judith River, tributaries of........ 414,000 || | Wilsall, Crandall Creek... ..... +2, 000
Livingston, Alkali Creek............ +4, 000 Daisy Dean Creek..........---.--- 72,000
lboM) WaKe.* os. - ceo asec so oe 710, 000 Elk Creek, North Fork 72,000
Wayuse Creéies. o5a2. shes. oe a5 oe +4, 000 Elk Creek, South Fork +2,000
Cokedale Creek.................... 78, 000 Flathead River, South Fork...-.-. 72,000
MAS ick Cregeen as asses a 74, 000 Flathead River, Upper............ +2, 000
BND OW) OLOBKE. Soins tome notre on +12, 000 Flathead River, West Fork......-. 72,000
Mortimer, Creeks... 00.2 sctceses-. 712, 000 FIOFSE CreOK ea <tanesi-e theses ose +2, 000
Sirickland Creek - 2252-2528 2--2<- 712, 000 Horse Creek, North......-.------- +2, 000
West Duck Creek: 2... s-c8siscc-8< +4, 000 Horse Creek, Upper......-----.-.- +2, 000
Yellowstone River.-.........-.-.. +44, 000 Little Muddy Creek. .........-..--. 72,000
Lodge Grass, Lodge Grass Creek..... +10, 000 Porcupine Creeks.os-.- sss ose s +2, 000
Manhattan, Baker Creek...........-. tf, 500 Potten Crediesaetcoae ccs ccncetew +2, 000
Camp Creek............- ee es 7,500 Stileldsikivers sce sense sa-8ence +8, 000
RObManOreeks.: 6: --- sacacecnxces +7, 500 Shields River, South Fork........ +2, 000
SPOS OTOOK esas n oc cov cason ee +5, 000 MLO CLCGk aes cata oe a ide eae ott +2, 000
Martinsdale, Musselshell River, Winston, Beaver Creek.....-. Sear +5, 000
North and South [NODES Sepescs scr +20,0°0 |) Nevada: Ely, State fish commission... *50, 000.
30 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BLACKSPOTTED TROUT—Continued.
Disposition.
New Mexico:
Buckman, Frijoles Canon Creek.. ---
Carrizozo, Ruidoso River.......-----
Chama, Brazos ISS Gl SB oAGeadeeaarae
Chama Rivers cee necescc los Se
Cloudcroft, Monument Canyon Creek
Scott Able Canyon Creek.....--...-
Embudo, Embudo Creek....----.-.--
Junta Rio Creek........-.---------
Folsom, Dry Cimarron River...-..-.-
Trinchara Creek.....-..---...+-+--
Glorietta, Holy Ghost Creek......--.-
Jacks’ Creekside iUewet cee ee aoe
MoecosMRiverctekeeeeke-ce eects ee oe
Rito Trita Amarilla =... 22522.
Winsor Greek 22.2.2 2 o<-eses'ea 2
Jarosa, Costilla River.....-.---------
Rio Colorado: ites etee eae
Witte Creeks t= ectee cence te
Las Vegas, Gallinas Creek..-.....----
MOoratRiverssseersses ose ascan oes
FIO MON AS| CASA seen eee cee m eee a=
Perea, Nutria Creek.....-.-..-
Raton, Lake Maloya. ..---
Sugarite Creek.....-.--.-- :
San Marcial, Nogal Creek........--.-
Santa Fe, Nembe River........---.-
Rio Medios ee teeneoscoceseisaeee
PesugueWRiver- seca ease
Taos Junction, Little Rio Grande. -.
Poti CredkA c.eeeeee eee sees ese oe
Rio Chiquitos. s2e=-eee-ee- eases
FRIOMTONGOle eee eseeeite esac ee =i
io nValecitos#eeee- ce. eee esaeee ace
Mmaos Creckeeeeseeectees-seee meee sae
Ute Park, Bitter Creek..........--.-.
CimarroniRiverssst-+-+s0 tear se
Goose Creek........-...----- esiceee
Hed Rivers oases sssnese cls Sesesacs
New York: New York, Aquarium. ...
Oregon:
Antelope Lake, Antelope Lake... -.-
Clackamas, Molalla River. ...--- 2
Estacada, Clackamas River .
Oregon City, Deep Creek... --- 7
IMM Creek eee tees aesecesmsnee
DravllRostie Riversss.sceee = sees
South Dakota:
Englewood, Box Elder Creek and
DEAHGHESe teee cote eee eae
MsteGreckicoi i ceesneseteeeseee es
Lower Springs Creek......--------
Rapid: Creel: .62%seacaecctoss cece
Rochford, Castle Creek.....-----.---
Spearfish, McLaughlin Creek......-..
alphs:Branchsecese-2ee eens
Spearfish Creek, Cooper Branch...
Sturgis, Parker’s pond............-.
Tilford, Pleasant Willow Pond......
Washington:
Aberdeon, East Hoquiam River.....
HoduismiRiverso.ce.-t.cecese sso
Little North Creek.......-.-.--.-.
NOCH UV Ol acsnesccwccnssccncasss
| Number.
20, 000
*20, 000
+7, 500
18, 000
10, 000
Disposition. Number.
Washington—Continued.
Aberdeen, Wynooche Creek........-
Burlington, State fish commission . .
Colville, State fish commission. . ...-.
Cleelum, State fish commission......
Fisher, Simmons Lake
Kelso, Coal Creek...-.-.---.--------
Orting, Miller Pond=--..----.----.<5
Seattle, Snoqualmie River. ........-.
Spokane, Shelley Lake...........-..
Stevenson, Little White Salmon
RIVeRs=t Sette eet hee eee
Rear Soo
ty
— &
e
Co
Tacoma, Bay Lake........--.---...-
Bergh Creek 5245 32 s--eaecomenes
Camey Wakesees oscae seas aber
Clearbakey lt eeeteiee. sce es scseaee
%*
00.0 BRO pe 09 He OUND ROE OT NO 09 09
.
Vancouver, Big Tree Creek.........-
John Creek: ss552-550- cessor eens
Little Washougal River...........
Wyoming:
Basin, Paint Rock Creek and
DLANCHeS Pee cess eeisiee ate ee cerceee
West Tensleep Creek. .-...--.-----
Bellefourche, Sand Creek.-........... aT
Clearmont, Clear Creek.............-
Cody, Anderson Creek. ......-.-.---
Gray Bull River::-.--<-----sscece
Murray Credk=-2ts----o-seeeeeeeee
Shoshonpsuakels ----- --ssceceeeee
Shoshone River and branches.....
Wood Riveres.:5:-222-c2ssenceeen
Jacks Creek, Jacks Creek............
Lander, Baldwin Creek.........-.--
Bie Wind Rivers. cctscc- sscsecceee
Horse Creeks: =: 22222 - ase nee meee
Little Popo Agie River............
Little Warm Spring Creek. .......
Popo Agie River and branches....
Slate Creeks: =: 20.82 - Bosse cocese
Twin Creek........ sshueves: Sees
Warm Spring Creek......... 3a3.28
Willow Creek...............--.-.-
Parkman, Gulch Creek..............
Ranchester, Big Goose Creek, East
and! Wiest orks:- <:-22-=ceeeeeee
Bull’ Creék ies See ee Se
HOol' Crepk:. 2.2 esa eee
SO Oe
+e
nous
Sales
_
verve
Oe te te i ete ee at ats
ee ee
—
—
NO C100 H WOOO WOO WW OIA AIST 1b
we
Tongue River, North Fork........
Willow: Creek: <<222:J25acn20seee
Rock Springs, Fremont Lake. ......
Halfmoon Lake............-.....-
Saratoga, Silver Lake...............
Sheridan, Jackson Creek. ...........
State fish commission. ............
Sundance, South Miller Creek....... T
Yellowstone Park waters............
Soon
Ore Or Orb Oro or
SSSSSSSSSESSSS SESSSESSSZZZZESSSESIES SESSSSESESSESESSESEEZS |2222
_
—)
SS
—-
a
Ss
ao
Dota aes esas 2 SE
—-
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ee
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es
a Exclusive of 18,000 fry and 7,000 fingerlings lost in transit,
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
31
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LOCH LEVEN TROUT.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Colorado:
Norrie, Chapman Lake.............. 30, 000
Thomasville, Charles Lake.......... 26, 000
Mota cs sees ocean hoe eee 56,000
LAKE TROUT.
Colorado: Minnesota—Continued. |
Ivanhoe, Ivanhoe Lake............. 10,000 Susie Island, Lake Superior ........- +400, 000
Leadville, Twin Lakes.............. , 000 Two Harbors, Lake Superior ....... +750, 000
Illinois: Spring Grove, State fish com- New Hampshire:
RAISON ase cise ack aes cloee Loe eee *100,000 Bristol, Newfound Lake. ........... +3, 000
Iowa: Lansing, State fish commission . *50, 000 Enfield, Mascoma Lake............. +2, 000
Maine: 4 Laconia, State fish commission... .. . #100, 000
Big Lake, Big Lake...... JAP OAR. Sak +10, 000 Lebanon, Crystal Lake.............- 72,000
Dedham, Manns Brook. ............ 38, 000 Pike, Lake Tarleton................ 1,722
Phillips Lake......-..0..2-.--500: 38,000 |] New York: ut
Grand Lake, Grand Lake..........- 718,570 Albany, State fish commission... ... *11, 766, 000
North Belgrade, State fish commis- ‘Au Sable Forks, Crystal Lake....... $13, 330
SlOMeees ec ccneccmec coke caccue ten sa *100, 000 Bilver Wake seetscase ates sea es 710, 000
Massachusetts: Bear Point, Lake Ontario..........- 992, 250
Lee, Greenwater Pond.............. Te 200 Charity Shoals, Lake Ontario....... +702, 900
MATITOU AKG Neracte senas ce cee rece 1,500 Dutch Point, Lake Ontario........- 7340, 000
Shaw Pond...... Pee a See Soe te 71, 500 Fox Island, Lake Ontario........... $762,750
Stockbridge Lake................. 71,500 || Gabriels, Clear Pond...... RAGIN 32) +6,.000
Michigan: Galloo Island, Lake Ontario......... $427,950
Alpena, Lake Huron....... BO eee $175,000 Gloversville, Lake Pleasant......... +15, 000
Big Rock, Lake Michigan........... 73,325, 560 pacandara Wakes oso sess neem an +15, 000
Cathead Reef, Lake Michigan....... 301, 200 Grenadier Island, Lake Ontario. 72, 254, 400
Charlevoix Reef, Lake Michigan....| 5,962,120 Hardscrabble, Lake Ontario. ......- +330, 750
Cheboygan, Lake Huron............ 200, Hayes Point, Lake Ontario. ........ $344, 250
Mackinaw Straits................. +150, 000 Hopewell Junction, Sylvan Lake +20, 000
Covington, Warm Lake............. +8, 000 Lake Placid, Lake Placid +15, 000
Escanaba, Lake Michigan .......... 300, 000 Long Lake West, Loon Pond. *50, 000
Fishermens Island, Lake Michigan..| 743,325,560 Pigeon Island, Lake Ontario. $283, 500
Fish Island, Lake Superior.......... 00, 000 Port Henry, Clear Pond... +30, 000
Frankford, Lake Mic SEN US eee 7300, 000 Port Jervis, Bauer Lake. +10, 000
Harbor Beach, Lake Huron......... 7100, 000 Stony Point, Lake Ontari 71, 181, 250
Houghton, Lake Superior.. Bonne eae 25, Tibbetts Point, Lake Ontari 740, 800
Irishmans Grounds, Lake Michigan..! 71,108,520 Trumansburg, Cayuga Lake $37,500
irom Rivers iron Lake. sc..060..- 520 10,000 Westport, Ledge Lake. . 712,000
Pickerel Lake......... peane SOs 78, 000 Wawonaisa Lake...... +12, 000
Long Point, Lake Superior.......... +800, 000 Willsboro, Warm Pond +20, 000
Manistique, Lake Michigan. ........ +200, Ohio:
Mission Point, Grand Traverse Bay.| 71,108,520 Kellys Island, Lake Erie............ +593, 000
Munising, Lake Superior............ 7625, Putin Bay, State fish commission... *700, 000
Nine Mile Point, Lake Michigan. ... ibe 108,520 |} South Dakota: Fruitdale, Orman
Northville, State fish commission. ..| *2,550,000 RESORVOLEscie eseec ce eocese jase meee es 4,275
Presque Isle, Lake Superior..... oe 7625, 000 |] Vermont: es
Rock Harbor, Lake Superior. . +800, 000 Cambridge, State fish commission. . - *300, 000
St. Ignace, Mackinaw Straits. . 7175, 000 Middlebury, Lake Dunmore........ 73,000
Tioga Siding, Big King Lake.. PP +8,000 || Washington: Chewelah, State fish
Little King Lake......... peceeuene +6, 000 Commissioners RS een canes *300, 000
Tobins Harbor, Lake Superior...... $585,000 |} Wisconsin :
Vanderbilt, Pickerel Lake........... +10, 000 Brule River, Lake Superior......... $240,000
Washington Harbor, Lake Superior. +700, 000 Lake Millicent, Crystal Lake........ 10,500
Wrights Island, Lake Superior...... +800,000 || Pembine, Lindquist Lake..........- 8,000
Minnesota: Minh Rinlthy lake. .s- cere rege 6, 000
Beaver Bay, Lake Superior......... +300, 000 Port Wing, Lake Superior. ......... +1, 000, 000
Chicago Bay, Lake Superior......... +450, 000 Sheboygan, State fish commission..| *5,402,000
Clearbrook, Peterson Lake.......... 10,000 Three Lakes, Mary Lake............ 8,000
Steenerson Lake. ................. 6,000 ee
Duluth, Lake Superior.............. 1,500 ander, Little Popo Agie River..... 28,800
Wy SE VO LAKO. co 5sc8cc20ls 0+ ~ ces ee 10, 000 McCarthy Lake...... CEE Ie 2,000
Fishermens Home, Lake Superior... +800, 000 Moccasi Wakes... datceceost 2,000
French River, Lake Superior........ 750, 000 Shoshoni, Bar Gee Lake........... 2,000
Grand Marais, Lake Superior. . ..... 450, 000 —_——
Grand Portage, Lake Superior. ..... +400, 000 *21,718,000
Knife River, Lake Superior. ........ 750, 000 LTA lS SS a ire ith Cob ag: Pe +39, 599, 200
St. Paul, State fish commission. . ..- 300, 226,797
Sucker River, Lake Superior. ....... +750, 000
a Exclusive of 50,000 fry lost in transit.
160695°—20——_9
32 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT.
Disposition.
Alaska: Juneau, applicant.............
Arizona:
Flagstaff, Oak Creek.............---
Globe; ‘Ash Creeks -tenececseceses ---
Tucson, Sabino Creek......-...--.--
California: Point Reyes, Lime Gulch
Alamosa, Rio Grande..........-.-.-
Aspen, TCS 5 aaa
ING Ww SOLkea knee cere scecscseee
North American Lake...........-.-
Austin, Currant Creek....-.......-5-
Surface Creek, Middle Fork.......
Monee Weeks ao san cn: 20 2ccases
Bailey, Platte River and tributaries.
IPTOSSEYS aK Ge eet. aoe er teases
Boulder, Four Mile Creek.........-.-
iM Creeks 2 eo circ nee ache eee
Wet and (Creek: -cerecen acc sece
Bowie, Hubbard Creek..............
(Rerror Creek... nic shen naeee see
Buena Vista, Cottonwood Creek... --
Canon City, Beaver Creek...........
West Beaver Creek...............-
Carbondale, Snowmass Creek..--....
Cascade, Cascade Creek.............
Cathers Springs, Fountain Creek. ...
Cimarron, Big Cimarron River......
Lake Number One...............-
Lake Number Two..............-
Little Cimarron River, East Prong.
Clyde, Middle Beaver Creek.........
Colorado Springs, Bentall’s pond....
Doners Pond Se we cccmeacce eee aoe
Fort Garland, Ute Creek............
racer MuMoCTeCk ose. sis eninecine cee
Ranch Crock sSatecth: eee eee
Granby, Stillwater Creek............
Grousemont, Platte River and trib-
Ge pated qe cesere aca
ypsum, Gypsum Creek............
Hartsel, Antero Lake. ..............
Hotchkiss, Crystal Creek............
Ivanhoe, Tvanhoe Creek.............
Ivanhoe Make: sie se ti co.cces cee
Morman ake r meccecsce cc eceeee
Lake George, Turkey Creek.........
Laramie, Mcintyre TECK Sees
Melntyre Lakers ieee cee eee
Leadville, Busk Creek..............
Empire Creek...... Scene eee
Mriserove LAKGS.<..ccsccccecw secs
EPTINGUOISO LAKO ss. decccccece laces
Loveland, Big Thompson River.....
MaltanCrystal Lake: 2s oceccecs.
WHORE Kes cep cecssnesouy wees
Mancos, East Mancos Creek.........
Meredith, Jakeman Creek...........
Midland, Loshbaugh Lakes.........
Mineral Hot Springs, Wild Cherry
Crack ake sac oesercs cs ceseconas ce
Number.
*100, 000 |
6,000
Sp a Be pw
DS HMRKROAN WOO AAS OS
NS Nee NN NN Ne Ne
S8388S888S838Ss
—
2)
aes
8, 000
E
8 88888838
6,
Disposition.
Colorado—Continued.
Minturn, Two Elk Creek............
Nast, Frying Pan Lakes caves see
Frying Pan River, South Fork....
Ivanhoe Creek... ...-<<sceeme=ss oe
Newcomb, Boulder Creek, South
OTR ee ersee Ne eee eet
Norrie, Deeds Creck...
Frying Pan River..... ae
Savage: Lake... oo. ecsuseacemonese
Oak Creek, Silver Creek. ..........-.
Ophir; Deep Creek. i255. secures
Wilson Creek": 2.22. eee
Palmer Lake, Butler Pond..........
Pitkin, Quartz Creek............-...
Placerville, Beaver Creek.......-.-..-
Naturita Creek. 2.25 2sicc- bee see
NaltadoCreclo-co. a. ns sea ecee meee
Placita ily. bake. 2250 -- tere eee
Mountain View Lake.-.............
Wood ‘Creeks. 202 3225-2 ocho mene
Radium, Gutzbis Lake..............
Red Cliff, Fall Creek..........------
Notch Mountain Creek............
Turkey:Creek: 2.5.5 -<oce 2s some
Rosemont, Engelbrecht Lakes. .....
ued, (Ruedi Creek: 50: cas... ee
Saderland, Gould Creek.........-.--
Salida, Cochetopa Creek...-..-.-...-
South Arkansas River, North Fork.
Sellar, Cunningham Creek-.-..-......-
Shawnee, Platte River and tribu-
tarles : 2.22 ..cetneaeee ee eee cee
South Fork, Rio Grande, South
OTK Scnteea s oac=maciesee eee ee enee
Steamboat Springs, Summit Lake...
Stoner Creek, Stoner Creek.......-...
West Dolores River.............-.
Texas Creek, Spruce Creek Lake...
Thomasville, Engelbrecht Lakes. ...
Fairview Lake................----
Lime'Creek:. <<. - 2 teeaee sheets
Timber Spur, East Dolores River. ..
West Dolores River.....------.-.-
Vanadium, Big Bear Creek..........
Victor) BisonWake-enes =) joss oe
East Eight Mile Lake.............
uehhitts pond pee. see eeeeee
Skaruay, Wake sac. o-¢.\scne-e eee
Ward, Duck. Bake. <5. c2p-= eee oe
OOS Wak: « cc on daml-meeeneeeee
Weller, Platte River.........-......
Westcliffe, Venable Lake............
Whitewater, West Creek............
Woodland Park, SevenSprings Pond.
Trout Creek:a-sa-6 semoncem scenes
Vamps, Fish Lake. . cass. otesaseee-
Connecticut:
Trout Brook, branch of...........
Jewett City, Broad Brook...........
Madison, Neck River................
New London, Great Brook..........
New Milford, Kent Hollow Brook...
West Aspatuck River.............
Norwich, Broad Brook..............
AGE ATS ye) Soe mE
kambsliBrooka2 <3) sews csc fe ee
Simsbury, Salmon, Bissel brooks... ..
Unionville, Mill Brook..............
Number.
SSa2
rr
e i i — id
a
- SOS Hee J
00 OT Ran Sad
2
SO SO
a
INS
~
rs
rs
a
38
o
18, 000
_
i=)
PSSahoRaSoSooneaS!
Oe OO PN 00100
-
Cue Dob ESSab
Sih Pe
-
ww we ee
SSSSSSSSSSS3833E FFSSSSSS222ESS2S332
NNReE wD
-
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. oo
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition.
Connecticut—Continued.
Vernon, Box Brook............- atte
Wauregan, Blackwell Brook........
Georgia:
Lakemont, Big Cove Creek.........
Nacoochee, Crumley Creek..........
Idaho:
Drummond, Condah Creek.........-
Harvard, Palouse River, North Fork.
Hayden ‘Lake, Hayden Lake........
Humphrey, Beaver Creek...........
Idaho Falls, Teton River...........
Kooskia, Ingraham’s pond..........
Naples, Fall Creek............--....
Preston, Bear Creek.....-.-.---0.0
Salmon, Twin Lakes.......-..-.....,
bata Coeur d’ Alene River, North
Oi Bae eae bens scaacincsiness
Weiser, Mann Creek.-.-......-- Sacd
Monroe Creek_----.-....-.. segcace
igGky Oreekree apes jacesecitecsees
Steayit, One e ae eee eeS aac
Illinois:
Anna, Hudgens Creek. -.....--------
Moosehead, Mill Creek. ..-...-..----
Indiana:
Michizan City, Palmer Creek........
Sorin Brooker ces seen sae
Valparaiso, Willow Creek-.........--
Towa:
Calmar, Protivin Creek. .--......----
Trout Creek... ..,------------------
Pansing, State fish commission... ..|
pein Oredkceee see sere ee ee
Kentucky:
Harlan, Cumberland River, Martin
TCHS Shope ce caoer cemor caceaceoeeE
Maine:
Attean, Attean Lake..........-.-.--
BOprP OHCs sera s eae l= sisienio minicom
CloarwaternPOnd .. --.-ccesssnsacc
Hatchery Brook................--
IMOGSEIE ONG se viscsisclacic sine minnie =e
DlackersiPOnGson-- s2.-2-es6 ee =-
Thompson Brook.......-.--------
WATS Ss fOOKs.- <01. 2 = sineininia ein
Augusta, Lake Cobbosseecontee. .. - -
Bar Mills, Silver Brook. .-.........--
Belgrade, Great Lake........-.- ee
LL Giri Da) ee ee eeoece
ARLE ONC eer ese caceniniex = 40055
Wile Deple ONG. s.~ sacs ec Sanne Gee
Mount Bigelow Pond.............
RoekwPOnd.o- .. sos ~se0s sass oe
Bingham, Pleasant Pond
Bluehill, Mill Brook...............-.
Bridgton, Keyes Pond..............
Brownfield, Little Saco River.......
Phapards RLVOL.. << -. 35-0 see- + Ie
Bryants Pond, Lake Christopher. .. .
Camden, State fish commission......
Corinna, Alder Brook. .........-....
Craig Brook, Partridge Pond........
Dedham, Branch Pond.............
IPN PSUR = ce - < osc a~osia coe
HewardeBrookss...~. scqeesteue das
VINGMEELOOK. - oo. So seiesnasccse.
Lake Wassookeag...............-.
PuilerswPonGere sec coon cones
Eagle Lake, Eagle Lake............
Square Wakes aaaeees nce see oo «-
32255222
=k.
ol @-traeen rears errno)
NNwoannnoa
++
Disposition. Number.
Maine—Continued.
East Orland, Craig Pond........... { $50, a
GillypBrookess soso. 5082-2 2 Le 400
HIGATiS BONG Ss3. 55sec o2cce ese oe 500
Patten) Brooks 25..---~- siete +4,000
Patten Pond.......- x +10, 000
Rocky Pond'ss2s5.-5---- Sau €00
Wardswell Brook 200
Ellsworth, Branch Pond......-..... +50, 000
Pattens! Pond <2-)5-2-- 22-26 2 one +93, 000
Farmington, North Pond........... +7, 200
Wilson Dakesss-s. us. 50. . st 255: +5, 400
Fryeburg, Clays Pond............-.. +3, 600
WeTINS EB POOKs tee eas = <2 = cieia\-/ nro +3, 600
Little Saco River...--.-.....----- +3, 600
Wrardsieondiae shape ee ooo ocak iets +3, 600
Greenville Junction, Arnold Pond... 412,000
Crosby Ponds acecoc- ee ees eee 712,090
HChoON ong ase on ee a eee temo +18, 000
Hathorn Bog Pond.........-...-- 712,000
Horseshoe Pond ..........-.---.-- 712,000
MassiBoeyPond2e tas eae seeas ue 712, 000
Ram Pond sae cease eee eee == 718, 009
SOUawr Onda yee eee stents 24,000
Ost. COVElETOOK Se ~ 2 ae oeees 24, 000
Harrison, Crystal Lake............-. +5, 000
MONS GaAKOsese each oieeess m= 5,000
Holeb; Barrett-Pond.. 252022222. 500
IBigshiShyb ONG Seen m-lame aatet= =n +5, 000
Bog Brook 2 5, 000
Cedar Pond 2,500
Fish Pond. +5, 000
Gulf Brook 2,500
Hole Dake. sp eeeess = eee = ae 5,000
Indian Pond +5, 000
WongesPond sass eee ana aaeeee +5, 000
MowellPondser 2 seen -son cee 75, 000
Mooser Riven: secisiec este sce se +10, 000
Gun Gs Onder cater e sian +2, 500
ShermaniPond.<-.----- =... 2... +5, 000
Murner Bondteseer ee sceses ese aeee 710, 000
Mwiniislandubond = 22... -2sess 42,500
Island Falls, Mattawamkeag Lake. . 710,000
Jackman, Alder Brook Pond........ +7, 500
Benjamin LONG estas eee eae 42,500
Fish Pond......-.- Stee Sete +7, 500
Gilbert Brookseec-2---2=----2-5-= +5, 000
Hea lGsPond- 9022. saa soe cee = +7, 500
eforseshoe) Pond jao5- cerns seneccoe $2,500
Wather Ponds. <o-ceseccccseesrece $7,500
Mid) Pond se... 9.8 Fis occsas oa 2,500
Hand VeBrooksc.../> - se eeene +7, 500
Kineo Station, Carry Brook.......-. 78,000
Scotean Brook. -(- 3. ....- 22s omseene +4,000
Tomhegan Brook.............--.. +6, 000
Lincoln Mills, Alder Brook........-.. 75,000
McGeorges, Cathance Lake.......... +2, 500
Monmouth, Cochnewagan Lake..... +7, 200
i eee Ponds 2s... s5220 Stccee 500
SangiPonds.-. 33 os sae 300
Norcross, Henderson Pond.... z $7,500
North Anson, Embden Pond........ +6, 000
North Belgrade, Messalonskee Lake. +10, 800
North Sedgewick, Friend Brook..... +5, 000
Oquossoc, Rangeley Chain of Lakes - 4,000
Otis; GrestiBrook:¢ soos: acc hiae +267, 200
Portage, Portage Lake.-............. 8,000
Presque Isle, Arnold Brook... ...... 7,500
Presque Isle River.-............... 717, 500
Ranveley, GulliPond:. 2.72 4,500
Orbeton Brook. ..-3.--<<ssscssssee 4,500
Saddleback Lake.................. 9,000
TOME ONGset sons aaa seks cose 3,000
Saco, Boothby Brook..............- 200
Burbs BM0kecun.csasecoee sees 200
BUgzea BIOD Kwa cccanenecasdesee sss 200
34
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition.
Maine—Continued.
Saco, Cold Spring Brook.........--.
Davis: Brooks neeeeeacen nesee es ese
Diamond Spring Brook.........-.
POSS: Brookeeeeeee ee. nee ates scene
A Brag kee ae ese nies sees
IREGWALEME TOD kee occa nsec cess
RICK SIE TOOK ee ok a5 cocoate
South Windham, Black Brook
Doles Brooksee. cosheasS: ase
Steep Falls; Horn Pond...........<.
Waterville, Patties Pond............ |
West Sebago, Hancock Lake........
~Winthrop, Lake Maranocook......-.
Maryland:
Arlington, Butler Branch...........
Baltimore, Baisman Run.........-..
BeeiTreepRuns. yo. wie shies seeeene
Dippin;
SevVelnMihwnl 5.5 oc pews eect wouseee
Boring, Hollingsworth Run.......-.
McGills!Runet Joe enas s. ceteec ces
Ellicott City, Oakland Branch......
Frederick, Braddock Creek........--
bashinp: Greek. eos ae so cee auc sacs
Glencoe, Stony-Run...........2.....
Harman, Clarks Brook............--
Highfield, Cascade Creek..........-.
Rolay, Bull Branch. Se. ssccsencsess
Riderwood, Unknown Branch......
Overshot Branch...........- :
Roland Branches. s2ssnssesdanees
i) soley Hock Creek... 5.0.2:
apranpe (Creek: 2.2 Js.z..cent eesees
Rock. Vale Creek... ......cceca--2
RXtOM, 1007S PONG) 4s easesceenne
Turnpike, Green Branch............
Massachusetts:
Athol | Carters Brook=-== sees s-cemenen
Hever Brook. sss. cacacsenses
Rand (Broo kuo a4 ant sae ©
Greenfield, Mountain Pond.........
Stone! Creek: S225 <2 sancasceteeee.
Hartsville, Konkapot Creek.........
Swann: Brook. 25.5.5 5 28s.
Holyoke, Bachelder Brook ..
Crosby Brook...........
Spruce Corner Brook...... “
Stony Brook-2 5. .c--sceese-e eee
Kingston, Soule Pond...............
Lee, Beartown Mountain Brook.....
Bast ee Broolo-ti2sane. caste onan
Hop Brooks -s 5 cu dha ease,
Reppy Brooke ©. a scscncccaacteees
oP ara dae Brook. S40. eee eee
ashington Mountain Brook....-
New Bedford, Doggett Brook.......
ParkeriBrookvivccscenseees sank
Mood Brooket. 3-5: sess 4 oi ee
Northampton, Shaw Brook, West-
field) Branch’ -n5.0-. neue eee:
Walker Pond: = 22s. st sseseeees
North Dana, Silver Brook
Pittsfield, Clark Brook
baker Brook... <2 acca acne eee
Epa borO, Butterfield Pond........
Michigan:
Baldwin, Baldwin Creek. ...........
Bessemer, Myers Creek
Boon, Wharler Creek... .
Brand, Weldon Creek...............
ee
CO Nt
NITIES
Number.
ae)
g REEEE2 58
we we we
.
+
pr
1S
3338
Disposition.
Michigan—Continued.
Bruce Crossing, Johnson Creek......
Cement City, Wheaton Rond'se3--25"
Clare; Tobacco River sos-cecassenees
Copemish, Little Bear Creek. .......
Covington, Case Creek............--
Dreher! Creek=2 2 22s son =< su eseoeeee
Kelsey Creek: 23... faassen
Rock ‘Rivetc 2 esate see eee
Watson Creek.......-.
East Tawas, Cold Creek.............
Silver Creek. .2-..< eS ee eee
Elmwood, Thirty Three Creek... -..
Emery Junction, Au Gres River,
Hast Branchseososeesce cee cue 358
Farwell, Chippewa River...........
Bevo Au Sable River and tribu-
Pigeon River...... ee =
Hale Halei@reeks<o..<lasceece eee
Smith Crepes ak oeckacoeceeecuen
Manghn Creek ssces accesses
Hartford, Hart Creek, East and
West Branchess-.s. ceo meee
Hillman, Bullock Creek.............
Pike Creek: ose sos sons coe soenecne
Indian River, Spring Brook River...
Tron River, Cook Run...............
Iron River, Branch of... +....<.2.22
Paint River-.........
Tronwood, Black River.
Montreal Rivervessesete sense eee
Jackson, Crouches Brook...........-
Kenton, Maggie Walton Lake........
Little Manistee, Little Manistee
RIVERA. ccsbseeassemeosteee eee one
Marenisco, Alder Creek.............-
BAITS BIOOKs-ise2s caste sce eee
Clover Creek
Misher' Crees os 554 fas 4 eee
OX Crepe. sacle cen tee
Honey Creek: 5. 3552 a. 22 oo ee
Jimmie Thomas Brook.........-.-
Jones Brook ses soe ee
hemon Creek: 25 oss0sse nee
MeKinnoyi@reek.. 52 s0anseee eee
Pigepn Creeks ssace sen aeene
Rileys Brook...
Ryans Brook..
Willow Creak.s3sssocaceeenae eee
Marion, Ghost Creek...............-
Norvana, Sanburn River...........-
Paynesville, Ontonagon River, Mid-
NetPork- 5. santoccsessaucseeeeeee
Perch Siding, Perch Creek.........-
Reed City, Johnson Hewett Brooks. .
Roscommon, Au Sable River, South
Branch ;... 0/5 coJecec doe cesses see
Stager, Stager Creek..............-..
Stager Junction, Naults Creek.......
Thomaston, Spring Creek ...........
Thompsonville, Betsey River.......
Tioga Siding, Hickey Creek.........
Pisme Crbek 5... ac.ueckeees eee
Wingleton, Kinney Creek..........-
Pere Marquette River.............
Yuma, Slagle Creek................-
Minnesota:
Clearbrook, Clearbrook Creek........
1 Be A
UG y STOOKerew aces tccescoce cere
Cold Spring, Cold Spring Creek......
Dakota, Dakota Creek
Richmond Creek...
- Dover, Bateman Creek..........-...
Number,
et
338
ooo
S8383388
3338
PESESHEREC ESSE
SSSSSSSSESSSS8
+2, 000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 35
Distribution of fish and eggs, fisal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Minnesota—Continued. Montana—Continued.
Dover, Drake Creek .... 2.2 0c2-00<= 3,000 Bozeman, Baker Creek.............. 3,000
Holdridge Creek............----=-« 1,000 Batii@reck®...........0teccoaue 1,000
Kammer Croéki.-.ssscse een ee 1,000 Bostwick Creek... 2.02000 b.ccseece 3, 000
MandomCresks=.22. =... seers 1,000 iBridpel@reeken ss. oi... kccceeee 3,000
Duluth, Woodland Creek.........-- 74, 000 Cpe) CICS) eS SRS Skane eee beneE tee 3,000
Woodland Creek, West Branch.... 2, 000 Canlini@reeke ose cacnece cs asacee es 1,000
Ely, Burntside River...........---- 4, 000 Cockrell(Creckesee ssi se. 5. see ese 1,000
Panstrot Creek, East and West CUTTISIC reson aa snes se kee 1,000
IPTaniChessss 6 ssaeace = aeoeen eee 75,000 Diy Creelman arate cee oo beise ee 10, 200
Highland, Little Gooseberry River. . +4, 000 HISIN Greg eases 0s 002 Lin ace 1,000
Knife River, Nepissiquit Lake...... +3, 000 lee biCreskee ese 5 42 5./ Sian ce * 1,000
Lewiston, Enterprise Creek........- 1,500 dackellCreekey ses si ses. ssn ceeeee 1,000
Werguson Creek.........-c000c---- 1,500 MANSIN CLOGkeya ease nas eae ee Nee 1,000
Hemingway Creek..........-.---- 1,500 McDonnell Creek. ...............- 1,000
Johns Valley Creek............-.-- 1,500 Martini@reele.yasceesscsecesadas ce 1,000
pine @reckses-s eee ess acsncee nee 1,500 Minor Oreek= too sas53 isc so nee 6, 000
ism Cranks 3) ee. aa See 500 Nixon Creekses 5 sce eee ee 3,000
Whitewater Creek and branches... 4,500 Bashal Creag. ssesceses aes eee 1,000
Minnesota City, Bear Valley Creek... 1,500 Smith Creek: jeocs 3s seen sche 1,000
Middle Valley Creek..........---- 1,500 Story Croektace s13 4555245 oes 3,000
Rollingstone Creek.........------+ 1,500 Stuckey/Creek a0 ss aeons ues eee 2,000
Rupprecht Creek. ........2..--25:- 1,500 ‘LhompsoniCrésksesssess eee 1,000
Speltz Valley Creek.............-- 1,500 Dice’ Creeks ssesee seks coe eee 1,000
Straight Valley Creek..........--- 1,500 Bruno, Musselshell River. ........-- 625
Rushford, Axness Creek........----- 1,000 Butte, Bison Creek...........--.--- 3,000
Copledye Grocksec set 74525 eee 1,000 Carabella, Green Lake. ............. 2,100
Orainst@reaks sss joc sosse eee 2,000 Corwin Springs, Cedar Creek........ 500
Maloy Creek asset sacs sees e eee 1,000 Cutler Crock. sos sek Se CTS 250
HereisomOreskese Sass sean se eneee 1, 000 BIT SAS A Cree cess ee sae enn 1, 250
Gartney Credkss 855225 sss 5s. fees 1,000 Dillon, French Creek Pond......... 500
Hemingway Creek...... ar 2,000 Rattlesnake Lake................- 1,000
Meade Crea k- situ sas 55 eee 1,000 Dixon, Ninepipes Lake............. 900
@nstine Creakssssssse ese ss eee 1,000 Pablo takesss. sasascses scare eee 900
Opheim Cresksi=sssss0ce5sasceeee- 1,000 Drummond, Flint River............ 1,500
Overland Oreckesss se sues see 1,000 Fergus, Brush Creek................ 1, 800
Riupprecht:Creekess2sscs2ascscceee 2,000 Gardner, Glen Creek...............- 9,000
Morkelson Creek: - 25 c222-2cce2 ess 1,000 Wark Branch ss cesececesdcogessece. 8, 400
St. Cloud, Mill Creek............-.-- 4,000 Glacier Park, Grinnell Lake........ 3,000
Spring Valley, Cold Spring Creek.... 1,000 Josephine Lake.................-- 3,000
Wiva. Croek=-ssssccoce sone lees sense 1,000 St. Marys River, North Fork. .... 3,850
iHamiltoniCredkc= 525. 225282) Fe 1,000 St. Marys River, West Fork...... 4,400
Nradelcracksnsss52s'ss 42s as 2 ones © 2,000 Two Medicine Lake............... 4,000
Kingsley Creek...... 432875 SES 3, 000 Upper Cut Bank Creek... 2.2.22... 8,000
Mahood) Crooks. 20s. «25-255 25%220% 3,000 Hamilton Spine (Creek: a ee ees: 200
Root River, North Branch........ 625 Harlem, Lodge ole:\Greek= se see" 2,400
Spring Valley Creek.............-. 3, 000 PeoplesiCreakshadt teehee as ae 2,400
Two Harbors, Big Gooseberry River. 73,000 Harlowton, Agnes Creek............ 6, 000
Big Stewart River................ 73, 000 American Fork Creek............. 1,050
Crows Oreille signs Sonne sedcoteeeene 73, 000 Careless Croelesnjes cence een acen ee 8,000
Encampment Creek 73,000 | Wish! Crooksa-coasssa5 sence. S20 eee 6,000
Knife River.......... 73, 000 Hopley Creek and tributaries. . ... 11,175
Little Stewart River 73,000 ebo Creckeeinsssse- see see eo 1,050
Silver Creek........ 73, 000 Meboliakennsssse 2 eis Saba ee 900
Split Rock Rive 73, 000 McVey Creeks 22 segecse esse Ae 4,000
Btoly Creeks -sscssessesse cle eS 73, 000 Spring Creelcweteec- see ceenees see | 4,000
Whalan, Diamond Creek............ 3,000 Swimming Woman Creek......... 8,000
Gribhin Creeks: -shs525 2255/25 30e 2,000 Havre, Beaver Creek...............- 2,400
Winona, Cedar Creek............... 1,000 BipiSandy: Crooks 22° Ston ei hora | 1,500
East Burns Valley Creek.......... 1,000 Box Elder Creek tiie sse eee: 2,400
Gilmore Valley Creek...... Ka Se 1,000 Hedgesville, Swimming Woman
Pleasant Valley Creek............. 1,000 Creek sacts es 82 ee ee 6,000
West Burns Valley Creek......... 1,000 Hobson, Yogo Creek..............-- 6,000
WascoyiGroek=>.s2 een csee be ee ee. 1,000 Joliet, Red odpe: Cregk:.2 soe c tens 5. 1, 250
Montana: Joplin, Big Sage Creek........... 600
Aten Ruby. Croakss2 5) eee) 2,500 Josephine, Sixteen Mile Creek....... 1,000
Arnstrong, Spring Creek............ 750 Judith Gap, Reservoir Lake. ...... 4,000
Avon, Little Blackfoot River........ 3,000 Lewistown, Beaver Creek..........- 450
Baker, Little Beaver Creek.......... | 2, 250 MUG gh Reivers o2 ys see ee ee 600
Belgrade, Benhart Creek............ 4,500 Pike! Creelossean ais eee en 4,000
SIT MNECTELe Pots hose test. Bee Se 6,000 Spring Creek, East Fork........... 6, 000
Cowamiredkas 25258 525. See 6,000 Lima, Little Sheep Creek. .......... 400
Kennedy Creek. ...... eee 7,500 Livingston, Brisbin Creek.......... 1,650
Midalei@rogks 52285522522 220225 2 12,000 Mleshmian Creeks). occ ocasesne 2,750
Big Timber, Boulder Creek......... 1,500 Pip Grease fs S ee so oe we 2,750
our Mile Spring Pond..........-. 6,000 SpringiGrasi scsssc ss seers... 3,300
Simmons Creeks sess 52225025327 8, 400 Summerland Creek. .............. 1,650
Billings, Danford Run.............. 4,800 | Pratl Greece. fo oe ee a oe asa! 2,750
3 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued. =
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Montana—Continued. New Hampshire:
Lodge Grass, Lodge Grass Creek. ... 12,000 Bennington, Lake George..........- 10,000
Malta, Nelson Lake.............-..- 6, 600 Moose; Brook. 55 sscneouenee eee eee 2,000
Manhattan, Heeb Creek............- 750 Rearing Ponds. 22). .2 scoot 2,900
Mcellen@reckepeensecocccc. conee 1,650 Russell (Brook: ss ess see eee see 3,000
RidvloysCreekeeye—peccecien coe ee 1,650 NAUNON STOO Kk -soseeenseeeee aes 3,000
Martindale, Daisy Creek...........-- 1,000 Bristol, Coalarch Brook............. 2,900
Whitetail Creek..................- 600 Cockermouth River. ..........-... 3,000
Medicine Lake, Brush Lake........- 1,600 Danforth Brook. ...........-.--..- 1,000
Missoula, Belmont Creek..........-- 400 Dick Brown Brook.........--..-- 1,000
Bitter Root River................- 8,000 Rowler'Riverst.set2eh sus: onaan 3,000
Black{OGnRiveras c= c<c<<sac.2052 600 Horicon:Brook-see Alesse seen eee 1,500
IBrowistliakess oo =. cob eee 800 Newfound bake f2ve-. sere en eee ne 3,000
Clearwater River................-- 600 Patton Brooks cece hosee een 2,000
Cyrs Creek ieee sscccee sotanete ae 3, 200 Pemigewassett River............- 8, 000
Deer Creeks ee tees oe ee 400 Smith Riverss.. 4-525-ee eae ee 5,000
Dick Creeks s5535 eke see 800 Taylor Brooke Pea:= + aos See 2,000
Kleinschmidt Lake.........-.----- 800 Tensile iBrOOK 9-5 anno eee 1,000
akevneze=: 26. ese ee 800 Welton Falls Brook.......-.--.-.- 3,000
TomowGreeks=- <4 5555205.50 ee 1,500 Canaan, Allendale Pond............ 500
Wong iliakke ssa raie sir ae ae ee 800 Blodgettiseond..2->-. ese 4,800
Placid Wakes.) = 2 0.52255 aca eee 400 BogiBrooks245- 2.4.42 ase 800
SalmonWuakeGA))2ct= a eer eoeee 400 Bryant ond sn. ses.) eee 1,500
SalmonWvakeGB)ssce- ese eee 800 Chase \Brook2a)- 25 --i.52a0eeene eee 800
Secley Wake. =. ).2eiecek epee eee 400 Chellis Brook 225 .e eee sane 800
Three Mile Creek.........--:.-.--- 9,600 Clark Pond) 3 75..5---eeee Saoeeeee 4,800
Norris, Meadow Creek..........----- 51,750 Conrow {Brooke 252-455 eee 800
INoxonsbollRiversc 20s ehe eee 750 Cumming Pond 5-4-2 -2 aes eee 6,400
Park City, Yellowstone River....... 6, 000 (CURTIERUST OO Kees eee enon nee eeeee 800
Plains op akes co. eae & 1,500 Davis Brook: s.-4 25 so4s5- eee cee 800
Pony, Wattsuakes-4_25e. ees ees 2,200 DecelleiPond | A. s<c-2sene eee 1,000
Red Lodge, Red Lodge Creek....... 125 Fairweather Brook.........-...-.. 2,800
Ringling, Battle Creek.............- 4,800 RordiBrook-s= >. - see ee eee 800
Beaver: Creeks. <=. - 522A an eee 5,000 Mrench Brookes so=- 5-22 eee eee 800
BiguBirch) Creek 223 feces pee ease 5,000 GulisBrOOK oe ooo sacar 200
BioiSpring Creeks. .- scone 2,400 Hames Brook: ness. eee 800
@ammiasiGreeke oo. 3.3) eeceteeoee 4,000 HartiPond: 22 o5.6 is. 2ss5 see nee 2,300
Wake’ Creeks! Sete es ses eee 1,600 IndianvRivers 225s: = 2-02-28 eee 3,200
Newlani Creek. 7 apa e goes oie 6,000 Kennedy iPond =i.) 225.00 Saeeee 1,000
Smith River, North Fork......... 5,000 KaltonsBrookens ses oc eeeee 800
WhitetalliCreék saree etek 4,000 Kimball Hill Brook........-...... 1,600
Roberts, Red Lodge Creek.......... 625 Kimballpeill-Pond.2. =. aesepeee 1,000
Sappington, Jefferson Creek.......... 450 iowelltPond een oe —ssee eee 750
Shawmut, Tony Creek.............. 8, 000 Mascoma Rivers. -22--c.--ssseeee 3, 200
Sixteen, Indian Creek............... 300 Mil Brooke: 2 oo oecqasseeoceeeeee 800
Straw, Russell Creek................ 200 Morse Brooks s2- foc ese see ee ee 800
Three Forks, Jefferson River, Lower Mud petiBrook:.<.-.2 <0 sesso eee 750
VOT SS ee ee et hen caepics 6,000 Murch Brooke sccss-n2s essere seas 800
Moston, Crow Creeks. o-oncesoccoe nce 30, 000 OrangeiBrook. 02 2.5. <= eescee seen 1,600
Muddyi@repkee conc. scc-ee oes 12,000 Orange POnds-0 <..5.ses2sa-5e eas 6, 400
Swamp iCregky ee ee ete 10,000 Rowers Pond ;. ~./.-<.< tessa scecoee 2,000
Townsend, Deep Creek.............- 400 RangerBrook. ~~ 22 <5. -)-5-seeeqeee 800
Muck Creeks fae So.) Sooo oe seca 24, 000 RockysBranchls 2... eae ee pee 800
IMISSOHTIMRIVED. ot see oe 400 RoversiBrook. coo cance eee oe eee 500
Trout Creek, Trout Creek_.......... 1, 200 Sargent !Brook, .5-:-los--scosee ee 800
Twin Bridges, Wisconsin Lake...... 500 Spectacle Ponds-~ ~ 25 -- n-ne nee 2,000
Twodot, Big Elk Creek...........-.- 900 Spring’ Brook.\2. << Sacsec sace canes 800
Mexican John Creek..............- 6,400 Summit Brook. 2 ec... 0 sea eeeee 800
Whitefish, Beaver Lake............- 900 Thompson Brook. lessen 1,600
SWilt Creek et ee as heme 4,500 Charlestown, Benware Brook....... 2,000
Wrhitefishwiakete ihe o. a screee 1,500 Great Brook. |: 33 -2-< tence eeaseee: 5,000
White Sulphur Spring, Sheep Creek. 750 Reservoir Brook. |... 5.222 sect. 3,000
Smith River, North Fork......... 750 Cherry Mountain, Appleby Brook... +4, 500
Yellowstone, Cougar Creek... b,-# 2,337 Cherry Mountain Brook........... +4, 500
Duck Creekee e: o2es ee ‘ 2,337 Mill BroOki rs. se ac ac soo cat So s~ciae 76,000
Tepee Creck.... : 2,338 Fabyans, Abenaki Brook........... +4, 000
Trapper Creek.. ted 2, 200 Ammojoosuc River..............- 4, 000
Watkins Creek... epenenacen 4,538 IBldek Brooks 2a s34 ee socedosse ser 74,000
Nebraska: Clay Brook 2 ch aact eaaaeieenee 74, 000
Andrews, White Clay Creek......... 5, 250 Clinton <(Brooke< a tceens came 2t 74, 000
Angora, Indian Creek. ...... AS aes 1, 200 Crawford ‘Brook? -.---.-..-......-- +4, 000
Chadron, Chadron Creek. — 2,500 MeceptioniBrook. 232. 22-5-----2402 74, 000
Deadlouse Creek....... 2,500 NenersOn BrOOK S25. -sscce- sees cio 74, 000
Little Bordeaux Creek . 2,500 Lake Anderson..........-.. : +4, 000
Gordon, Antelope Creek.. 10, 000 Wake! Carolyne sos ec cones cc: 73,000
Larabie Creek.......... 6,000 Mountain Echo Brook... 74, 000
Snake Creek.... 10, 000 Sebossis Brook........- +4, 000
White Clay Cree 10, 000 Twin Rivers. .... +3, 000
Lewellen, Otter Creek..............- 1, 200 Franklin, Call Brook. 5,000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918,
37
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition. Number.
New Hampshire—Continued.
Franklin, Hill Brook ..............- 3,000
Mountain BLOOK <<. =e. csen = op 5,000
Putney Brooks: (5.3 ete es 4,000
Gorham, Blue Brook................ +3, 000
Cedar Brook. : . 2-2-0 sect x2 Suet +6, 000
Chickwolnepy Brook.........-...- 500
Wald Rivents 5334042 3iis sees +6, 000
Grafton, Hoyt Brook: 22 2-2/8. 224: 2,000
South Grafton Brook............. 4,000
Stockwell Brook... ..25:<.2:4-52-+ 4,000
ptrutle Brooks e ono ncnemies tacae 2,000
Hancock, Half Moon Pond.......... 2,000
Hillsboro, Village Brook............ 3, 000
Keene, Boyce Brook......--......-- 2,500
TUBES OO Ree seas niet aac) awstats 1,500
Leahy LOO Keele sea saeen(ae ico eae. 5, 000
Holbrook Brook......-....-.-..-- 1, 000
IMENT Ves LOO Ken we larete atararniasr ies Sols 1,500
IRGEE Ya BLOOK< wos = a= S5a2'=4'=)2 15a aise 1, 000
Lebanon, Blood Brook...-..... ae 3,000
Great broek: Wm 254c15¢ ie 1,500
Hibbard Brook...--. 3,000
Mink Brook.........--- 8,000
Manchester, Bog Brook 2,000
Bowman Brook......-.-.-...---.- 2,000
Brickyard: Brook. ==. =-<<ssest 52 2,000
Cold Stream Brook................ 2,000
Dan Wittle Brook. 5< 2-/\-2-j=-se2 se 2,000
DarrahiBrook: <2. sosc=<==5+ seen 1,000
Atty DLooke ns. 5-4 -c0--e Leese 2,000
eachtBrook:.2 <245- seen sasscens2 2,000
Little Cohas Brook.....-.-.-.....- 2,000
Long Meadow Brook...-.......... 2,000
IMCNeil Brookes cesasaes cm -ceee aes 1,000
McQuade Brook. 55. 1... 3 sete 2,000
ManieriBroOoks. sq -6 2 -1-eeaee sae 2,000
(MarnlleBrooks.8=. .c-cceschs cumin 2; 000
IPALLOMM TOOK: soem cre(=~1< sere) (See 7,000
(Peters\Brooks-2 5 223-.-255.22.ceee 2,000
PPIOUCOMSLOO Ke wees es te esa re 150 2,000
it PLP LOOK. «eco naam esse er 2, 000
RG UE DLOOR ee pee ae abet oenince 5, 000
id dS BroOk os sre = Sse 2,000
Witla Brook: <2 50-82 5 ~ eae ce 2,000
Nashau, Bartemus Brook........... 2,000
OA VOE DLOOKs J25 dee oo caete beet 3, 000
IBidrO Brook... <2 seccet oot 2,000
Doctor Hill Brook....... 2,000
Duval Brook........-. 1,000
Flint Brook.. 2,000
LENS To Hl 8 ove) <8 ee RO en ae ae 1, 000
Glovet(Brook= =. <2: <2 s-ss22-2 eee 1,000
Greenleat Brook. 2. <. <<. c:-tencueee 2, 000
13 S23 7613 160) <I ee ene 2,000
Little Nesenkeag Brook........... 3, 000
vd Reed Brook=<..- - <2... 22227 2,000
MUddyBlOOk. esa fas eces saat 2,000
INatICOOKABIOOK... = sch aschtececs 2,000
Nesenkeag Brook..-.....-......... 4,000
Norman Howe Brook............. 2,000
WidiMatds Brook. -. 22.2.5. oatane 1,000
PENCOCK BLOOK. <5 .0355 caine scour 2,000
IRBRIBPESLOOK case oe. os ceacc Ua cuee 1,000
ROCOnU GB TOOK. a. 5c -aeanee a once 3, 000
Silver Spring Brook............... 2,000
Si: UGS ees, eee 2,000
PUNT HSTOOK. 4 Seccs 525s cbc aceac 1,000
Willow Bridge Brook............. 2,000
MU GCRNEROGKo.. Sst ies coos ie tute 3, 000
Newport, Cutts Brook.............. 5, 000
Long Pond Brook................ 4,000
BAWVGMbPOOKese. 2 cas ne ses asec 4,000
UGG Ae ee a 4,000
Sugar River, North Branch....... 7,000
Pike, Oliverian River............... 2,000
Potter Place, Cold Pond ............ 8, 000
Powwow River, Evans Brook....... 6, 000
Humes Brook......... ace 2 ee aan 6, 000
Disposition. Number.
New Hampshire—Continued.
Suncook, Goss Brook..2...........-
EASON ETOOKs. suse ed Jt cisi5 4 sate
Woodsville, Ammonoosue River......
New Jersey:
Burlington, Assiscunk Creek.......-
Englewood, Cemetery Brook........
RROSLOLED LOOK? neue soa calmness tatoo
Cresskill Brook...... Ae ale ECE cd
ManaresheBrookse- cess tees cle
MetZIerIBrook ye ccet en ssceece seek
Northvale Brookei)<- Je52..!2s0022
Oak Ridge, Stony Brook Lake......
New Mexico:
Chama, Brazos River, South Fork. .
@aniiloniCreakj2s.5 83755... cncceee
CannionesiRivetc coco lutea Se cee
GaviloniCreaksn ee asd Ae
Cimarron? ‘Ponil/River. 2.25. 5-225.
Embudo, Angostura Creek..........
a Sunte, Creek. 7-5-4) sks eee
Folsom, Dry Cimarron River.......
Glorietta, Pecos River...... ss
Lamy, Santa Fe River.............-
Las Vegas, Gallinas River.........--
IMOraVRAW Ola scene ane ae eeece
Trout oe Brooke estes). eee
Tularosa, arosa River::--25--e. 5
New York:
barniy- Coxs pondsssss-eeee ae es
iBgacon; Prout, Brook ecss+--22--- 22
Benson Mines, Little River. ........
Cambridge, Camden Brook........-..
CoulterBrookssaeen sheet eee
—_
Ate)
SO
Nore ee
CNOCCSONMNN SCHON OPP PP PP ©
Ll ell )
Oe Se
+
bo
Mannard Brookes.) seeeenaeeeee es
Muncy Hollow Brook...........-..
Terny Brookes <a acse ees cn es
Catskill, Cauterskill Creek.........-..
Divasskill Creek........-.--2--+-- {
Kirkstown' Creek... 52. 6ees$+ cst
Sixes Brooks) .ce7-5 5 eee
Shinglekill Creek.........-...-..--
Whippoorwill Brook.............-.
Cobleskill, Bark River..............
edd ye rOOkKs ooo. e oan on
Cole Hollow Brook..-.-.....0.....
Dibble Hollow Brook. ;
Heddon Creek.....
Karker Brook.....
Lime Kiln Brook. .
MiINtOntOIn Brook .u.2-s esscee een:
West Middleburgh Brook.........
West Richmondville Brook.......
Deposit, Oquaga Creek..............
Elmira, Baldwin Creek.............
ipaniield: Creek.- "22 we se
ee Te
pap
DUNE SWWNNENNNWRDRD Boannwwwr Sww pmo
we ee ee
S2S35885225222225832225222222 22222 2228222222222252 S2SSSSES8SSSSS 88822383 S55
—+
oy
js)
ie)
Ss
n
So
B
Q
oe]
°
°
an
7
'
—fowle EROS
HDAOHDAROHDRAR ADM ORORONNES
vee SS SS
maple Creda. ti s2-.5 os ea eee
Pimitit Creek: 2 =. se oe ate aste ee
Sonth Creek. 52 3.220 5 coe
Wak eo sig SoSERBU Beate aes
DOP CLES os see eee oe eee
Gabriels, Lake Meacham............ 7
| Genoa, Fred Green Creek...........
PaMphOTreelo- aces. so) sci tos
ae
—
|
| Greene, Geneganstlet Brook......... t
Wheeler Brook
38 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
New York—Continued. New York—Continued.
Harrisville, Big Hill Ronde e-o os +8, 000 Syracuse, Redhead Brook ...-......- 1,000
Hingeleys Nem Canada Creek, East +14, 000 South Hollow Brook.....-...-.---- pepe
Hopewell Junction, Nortlekill Creek. 5,000 Stony Brook: =-----2-222--2-- oor ee 300
re sey ta poe ian Stone Quarry Falls Brook.......-- 2,500
unter, Bataviakill Creek.........- ; 3,000
Tthica, applicant .-..--+-eee0e+000-0 43,175 Swamp Brook.......- pence 200
Kangs; \ColeiBrook...--......-.-2-~ 2,000 Troop ‘“D” Farm Brook 1,000
Lake Placid, Chub River........-..-. 710, 000 Van Bergen Brook.... 1,000
Liberty, Robertson Brook.........- +5, 000 Unadilla, Bennet Creek. +10, 000
Long Lake West, Bear Pond.......- 75, 000 Westport, Birch Pond. . +4, 000
Gharley ondieees.ccseenes see +5, 000 Hinch Ponds.-cosccc ee ues ean
Wea eG ls na anenouonoSesese +5, 000 Lake Nokomistpecer cece ese ener 4,000
Lower Bettner Pond.........-.--- +5, 000 Tedge Brooks oss anne +3, 000
Ofter Monde emer censccesc sc sone +5, 000 Tower Moss Pond. 2-0... ----- == , 000
Upper Bettner Pond............-- +5, 000 Schroon Rivers: 2.22. 5-2eee- eee 4,000
Malone Junction, Duane Creek.....- 710, 000 Secret Pond 2. ..-33.02.25 20502 4,000
MrontlwVelses-cceeeeee ee eee eee +10, 000 Underwood! Brodie. ee eee 3, 000
Millbrook, Beverly Creek......-.--- 800 Upper, Moss Pondi.2-2222---2-5-2 = , 000
@anod Creek ses ceeeen-- == eee 6, 000 Wawonaissa Brook.......----- — 3,060
Montour Falls, Havan Glen Creek... +3, 000 Whitehall, Cold Brook......-..--.-- 3, 000
Spring BLookceeeseceee ee see seee== 42, 000 Pike Brook, -- secant ee eee eee +3, 000
Texas Hollow Brook.......:-..--- +5, 000 Willsboro, Little Sky Pond....-....- 1,000
Newark, Trout Run................- 78,000 |] North Carolina:
Van Valkenburg Brook......-.-.- $2, 000 Asheville, Bent Creek....-.-..------- 5,000
New Lebanon, Reynolds Brook...-.. 3, 000 Cane Creek, Rocky Fork...------- 1,000
Schell Brook.......-..2-.--------- 1,000 Brevard, Grassy Creek.......-.----- 3,000
Shaker Brook ......-.------------ 2,000 Canton, Crawford Creek......------- 3,000
Newton Falls, Grasse River......--- 715, 000 Daniels Creek cose. eee oes 2,000
North Creek, Chatiemac Lake....... 2,000 Lenoir Creek....- rn eee eee, oF s- 2,000
Glear:Pond....c. Jee ee ee $8,000 || Cherryfield, Cherryfield Creek... ---- 1, 000
North Ilion, Steeles Creek....-...--- +16, 000 Edgemont, Sassafras Creek.......--- 3, 000
North Lansing, Teeter Creek.-....--- +5, 000 Etowah, Big Willow Creek.........- 5,000
Oneonta, Ouleout Creek.......-..--- 724, 000 Highland, Cullasaja River.........-- 2,000
Oswego, Black Creek.......--------- +8, 000 Horseshoe, Mills River......-------- 10, 000
Pawling, Swamp River.........-.-- 6, 000 Hot Springs, Lance Creek......-.--- 1,000
Port Henry, Wolf Pond........-.--- $3, 000 Lake Toxaway, Chattooga River.... 6, 000
Port Jervis, Bushkill Creek...-...-.- 5, 000 Howder Creekcs<ccemn see es 1,000
MONPAUDIRIVED_ sce soe ee eee ee 8, 0CO Jeams Creek..... wate ineinseaeoeeee 2,000
Shinplekill Brooksecc sa. eee 4,000 Pine Créckes-eees eee eee eee 1,000
Steitiykilli@reek?- 22 ---- 2 ---- =< - 3,000 Linville, Big Grassy Creek. -..-....--- 3,000
Vandemark Brook......-.--.----- 4,000 Grandmother Creek..........----- 4,000
Romo: WishiCreeks coe oe eee 4,000 Rawanadlake... i252. stseseese-eee 5, 000
Roscoe, Beaverkill River.......-.--- +20, 000 HinvillejRiver-.s--o.o eee ee 4,000
(TOTS) BOOK meses ee ee eee +2, 000 Linville River, West Fork..-.....- 3,000
St. Regis Falls, Guide Board Brook. 10 an eae Grassy Creek ARR eeeereoee on
“Re es I icaville, South Toe River..-.......- 5
St. Regis River and branches. . . . { 2200 || North Wilkesboro, Boone Highway 3
Stanley Brooke sees. oe eo = =e 800 DAKO: Sie ccneweee et eeee 3,000
StonysBrOOKe e-em ee eee == 3, 600 Mulberry Creek, Branch of...-....- 4,000
Santa Clara, Deep Pond.........---- +4, 000 Saw Mill Creaksessses cone e eee 3, 000
1 DY=(=) Al 2X01 01; eee ee ea a +4, 000 Old Fort, Curtis Creek..........-.-- 13, 500
Dimmerick+ Brook. ccc.cce see er +5, 000 Laurel Jog: Creek .-e2. 52 -25--52 4, 500
Dimmock Brogkoe-oss-seeee= eee rary Pisgah Forest, Davidson River...... 15, 000
Guide Board Brook.........--.--- 4,000 Eaurel Fork :Creek:=- 2:7. 2-2--=--- 2,000
Spring ondes po ossace rae see eae $2,000 Little River o.3-.2-- ee nee 6, 000
Schenectady, Alyslaus Creek.....-..- 3,000 Mills River, South Fork..........- 10, 000
Hungerkill Creek «soc cotacee tose 3,000 Poplar, Pigeon Fork Creek.......... 4, 000
Sherburne, Cole Brook.........----- +2, 000 Rosman, French Broad River, Mid-
Four Corners Brook.........--.--- +2, 000 GleiWorkee newman ose ese es 4,000
North Norwich Brook........-.--- 3, 000 Laurel Croekt.2.22..s0=- te ee eee 2,000
Sherburne Lake..........-..-:..-- 8, 000 Tittle Croakessecee eee eee cent 1,000
Swamp Brook <5 s.0- 222 = << 2,000 Old Toxaway Creek.......-.---.-- 3,000
South Lansing, Ernst Teeter Creek.. +4, 000 ROCK Créekes =. te e-6 eee cee 2,000
Stemnberr Creeks. /...ne cece e +6, 000 Toxaway Creekstee-= 22s --4 eee 500
Syracuse, Bear Trap Brook....-..-.- 2,000 Selica, Mason Creek..........--.---- 1,000
Bishop Brooks avcencetee eee 2,000 Patterson Creck..........--...---- 1,000
Carpenter Brook: petoseasee sence +8, 000 Shulls Mills, Cane Creek, Laurel Fork. 3,000
Wimlap|Prooks« sesso eee sees 1,000 Cane Creek, North Fork..........- 3,000
Evansward Trout Pond.........--. ‘2 ae Panel Noe Se eos po ae 8, He
ew River, Doe Fork............- 3,
Geddes Brook.........-...-.------ { *300 Shups Creek..........0-2--0-00--- 3, 000
eitchcock-Brook..<s.-----2-+-5--- 1,000 Walle Oredkeretere ste ss <=: see 2,000
HAG LOOK ewe cores es een 1,000 cearmond, Headies Creek.......-.- 500
lakayerve Creek == .....0- sis <cesc- { 6, es one e, Arrington Creek... ...- aby
Mont Freda Brook............---- +8, 000 Bellefontaine, Spring Branch........ 5, 000
BOCK BYGOKs. eee once oe ween. 1,000 Canton, Nimishillen Creek, West
(PoolstBrGukescee se csceseeacescoeue 2,500 IBYANCH. aociaec ce See eater sonose $10, 000
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition.
Ohio—Continued.
Chagrin Falls, Bliss Creek..........- {
Hudson, Sullivan Creek............-
Sugar Grove, Bowers Run..........
lear Creek: 0 seo .c scene nee weets
Urbana, Cedar Creek............--..
Oregon: .
Clackamas, Clackamas River.......-
WAPTOL COOK. 5. 5-102 - sacme case
State fish commission. ...........-
Grants Pass, Moorland Pond........
Lindsey, Lindsey Creek............-
WIENTOCTORK A <a. cock cee cneccencs
Ashland, Blases Run................
Buck Horn RUNS. . 5s ccinco + eases
ea lpspRumiecna es coccccoses cect
ourine Creek... 2. s. << 4-5 acces <i
Bedford, Breast Work Run.........
Fyan (ETrade ha Meine dre
BOATS EOIN saeco on acie coer Sacer
Cherry Run, Penns Creek...........
Christiana, $myma 1 ees ee
Coatesville, Broad Run..............
Pequea Sree ee esa
Columbia, Jones Creek.......- ates
Cresco, Bushkill Creek.............-
Downington, Beaver Run...........
IBTOaG RON. o.m oss case cc cscnce nis
Easton, Bushkill Creek............--
Martins Creek-~2~-.-sccctncdeacce
Ebensburg, Chest Creek.............
Conemaugh Creek.................
Gallaher Rum: 22 55c5 022 --<2<5
Howells Creek.............
Jonathan Creek. .
Bobbs Rune 253222. -
Skelleys Run......
Smiths Run......
Tin Mill Run.....
Tudor Run.....
Watters Run...
Ephrata, Rudys Run
Sahlox Creek.......
Fairview, Tent Woods Brook Be
Forks, Fishing Creek................
Gaines Junction, Big Spring Creek. .
Bloody Run -
Chaffee Run...... :
Cowbarn Branch. AoA
Deer Lick Run.....
Dewey Hollow Run
Hl Rivies soe eee
Elk Run, West Branch
Knowlton Run... see
Maynard Branches: 22 ois. coos oc.
Phoenix Rails eer ccps eee seno as!
$22338
a
o
Ooo
ae)
SSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSEESES SEESEE
_
ety
~
NR WONWORONNNNNFHRERAOS AO
eS Se See ew
wrmoammem et cone
TS)
S
w_weewoew
ele eh aso, ee a
i ee ee ee)
SS8SSSS2238=
ORO RO CTIOTORGRSTS
bo WNW He ee ee ee ee
ewe weueweweweeveveweuevweveMwMvwuueNeVweVevuevevuvvse
SSSSSSSSESSSSSSESSESSESSIESS
bth
www
Disposition.
Pennsylvania—Continued.
Gaines Junction, Remington Brook.
SHin HOvuOW RUN... ......5-<ceeee
Water Trough Hollow Run......-.
SWIELHIOLO RUT aiaico nace cs aecccedelee
Gap Birch RUN 2 sc ccc ces e-seesacas
MEIVINPSLONURU Mocca scagesssoececet
Slaymakertown Run........-...-.-
Hale Eddy, Shad Pound Brook,
irhomas: Branchizs ="... s<1sc6 w2eus
Hatboro, Pennypack Creek........-
Hoadleys, Middle Creek.............
AW ap in OLBGKe sec acs. oss soneceee
Howard, Big Hayes Run..........-..
IBTICKLVAIUUN ces cep See he acc canes
Butlers Seance eens: ko ase
Wishing Creeksas:- 5.0.5 2-c/seeeee
HGAUECH Ui: secs eee een eee
ick Rin ss soe oe
Little Hayes Runisas: ba. 5- eee
ucas Runs .-. ce ee aan eee ee
McNaniry Rim-2.222s. 0222. eeeeee
Marsh Creek s.000 25. abe se ike
Marsh Creek, North Branch.....-.
SingenCreeks se) oso. esses
HS SB iIrcheRun ess. s os fan oeeeeeiee
BoreaiBranchiecs. <5 --cccctas
CamprRinte so eeeat* sen eee
IPTOUGYACICE Kae ese see oeee eee
Stone Pick Runs. tse) See ee
Indiana, Stake Runs s.2ssscesaseee
Jersey Shore, Big Run............-.-
BLOWS Huns o..o.cesccne eee eeeme
ishing Creeks s.2 sek nee ae eeeee ore
GampleiRines..ossoe jones et eeeeee
Larrys Creek, Left Fork..........-
Larrys Creek, Right Fork.........
IMcMeris'R unes.ooe eee ee wees
JN ETUC aR Aree See eee ae
Pine Bottom Creek....
Rouch Creek.......-
Johnstown, Bens Creek, North Fork.
DAllOniRUN esse cows ceccouee cose
Mall! Cress c st shaeadaca “Sc cesaes
Kelton, White Clay Creek, West
IBTanChin- ss) sean teoe aS
Lamar, Bear Run.........
Cherry Run.....
Fishing Creek.
Huston Gap Run
Kettle Creek. .....
Little Kettle Creek..
McCaleb Run.......
BS princi Soe ee en ee
LOIS ERT eee ers nee
Landisville, Baer Spring Run.......
Laporte, Deer Hollow Run.........-
Datonmam Win. o5. a4 5. snces tas
NO) LL rrr ee SS eet hae ee ee
Mloodwoed Rim: 2s teers.
Polesbmave nts 22 2 fees 52 Pee
Shaner Burg Run............-.---
~~ we Se
+
-
NONNNN NR Ne OS
eee
WWOWNNWRWNWNN RN NN bd
SONS SS
SESSSESSSSSSSSSS SSSIIFESSISESSSESSSSSSSESES SEES3EE
ee ae eet Se See Se a feof fomnfemnfemefenfomnfomte
APRON PENN Newry rm Toe
PRP MP NIRS Nhl bwin
~ eS e Se
g3255222222553852532222822 =
ee ee
+ a
NNNNH NYE NYE NE DORN ND
wee ee ee
40 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918,
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition.
Pennsylvania—Continued.
Lemont, Buffalo Run.............-.-
Cedar Crocksssseeee ee cee
Centre Furnace Branch............
Collier Rimes seas eee
LaAUTelR este otis o ses sees
MaCcke@yghUietscn sss cas tells see
Rock Sprne Run csste te ws-see ce
Shaffen@redisen. seas ok soe eee
Shingletown Run................-
SinkineiCrenker cess eee estes
Slab Canin Creek..5-0... 202.2238.
Spring Creeks ys s2.<6 se cee
Lewisburg, Lick Run...............
Welker Runt sess Jacosesass eee
Lewistown Junction, Fishers
MeadowsRunie2-= 22. 4223 20t
EONGeY, Creeks sa caqocecnese scenes
Treister Valley Creek...........---
ititz, Kettle Rum so 25353 sasses2ee
Popular Run, East Branch.......-
McElhattan, Chathams Run.....-...
Lick Run
Meyers uns he kc ease ee :
Shingletown Gap Run.......-....
Spring Creek..... eeeeeriorerscerece
Spring Gapmiin so soses eee oe
Orviston, Big Run and branches, . - -
Council Run........ Soosao Ic ascnee
Hddy, lack Runs <-tetos-25scsccee 8
Hayes RUB! sete is acco
Marsh (Creek: oSscecc cos ces es ccie=c
coe Bottom, Blackburn Spring
UB orci phen ureiteetetatatcti ee Ap apooms-
Pen Argyl, Altemus Creek..........
Bushkill Creek..........+2--0-0--
Cherry: Valley Creek:. "= 2... 22 -
Green Valley Creek..............-
Pleasant Valley Creek............
Renolds Creek... ...- hs.) 6 seen Ie
Ross Common Creek..........--.-
Ross Valley Creeks: 222 oo nen Se
Sprice Hunt l ee eeecs vee oooeees
Petersburg, Bells Run..............
GarnersyRUn. cece es cones eee ame
Roaring Run ss... heces ccs eases
Stone Creek oi vies ee ccmcewacasaeuen
Phoenixville, Mashalmac Creek... ..-
Picture Rocks, Muncy Creek.......-
Port Clinton, Ketner Run.........-
VALLE eeU LITA teeth eer eee
Pottsville, Black Creek......-...-.-
Roherstown, Shenks Run...........
Shickshinny, Arnolds Creek. .....--
Huntingdon Creek... ...'...--'..'---
ick raucdewtesnascsece ts cewse ac
BHU DSICRCGKS Soe wcelecs cancr'nmieme
Bhinglowterwasascnecerncaccsens
Number.
2,000
SSSSSSSSSSSSE2S=
=
DWN NK RK NTWOR NOW RH ROW wN hh
ea a Sg SelM Sa Ra Se Nar BIN Nera Gare SoS Nays Soy Ns TNS Sa ge tyne tg ne
Go
S
So
SSSSSssss
Disposition.
Pennsylvyania—Continued.
Sinnemahoning, Cooks Run........-.
Slatington, Benningers Creek.......
Friedens' Creeks: 3 -52occ-- seas ens
Jorden) Creek! ss seen cee none
Smiths Gap Creek................
Stillwater, Fishing Creek...........
Sunbury, Limestone Run...........
Susquehanna, Egypt Creek.........
Hemlock: Greek. :*' <2 tis) 43 see
Swarthmore, Little Crim Creek... ..
Tamaqua, Beaver Creek............
Bushy Run sive 5222 -tenceeeecoeee
Owli Creeks skeet sagas hese
Troutmeuny Bear Runkees 2-2 se-ee
Blacks Creek.........
Blackhouse Creek. -
Bunnell Run......
English Run..
Flocks Run...
Four Mile Run
Troy, BrandysRine eo eee nee
Bullard Creek........-..-------+-+
WeaseRumssts seat eeacsenneeeeoe
TyOns RUNES ae ce eee en eeen eae
aynard Runls-ee ss snceee ee
MoreaniCreelkeae ssa eoe
Morris Fvone bes. 93 ose eee
QHOPA MLV Cie mesa ene lacie ae letels eater
Waterville, Carson Hollow Run.....
Dam sRunt 2564 Pees res eae
nplish yh tne cae eenes
SchooliHousesRiumree eee
Thompson Hollow Run..........-
Weatherly, Deneys Creek....-..----
West Chester, Chester Creek.....-..-.-.
Lady Bren Run, tributary of-.....-
RadicyiRtneeer eo secr de aenereee
Sharpless Runs eee esse ee ewes
West Grove, Doe Run Creek, Left
Moyalsoek Cregeen eo ae
Pleasant Wrecker fecne~ cos - scinnw ele
lenketriGreckwews 2. es wssceew eee
Shingle Run. «3.5.2. see eenas
Windber, Biscuit Spring Run.......
ae ee a ae
+
RONDO 00 00 CO RR RR RR RR RR RR Ook TST WW Oe on
i ark itt SS SSS SS ot + > ge
eS Se
fet fat RD Ft C9 et et ee Oe oe Coe
weeww SOOO Ce
et ee
SSSSSSSESSESTES SESSSEISESSSSSSSESSESSSSSESSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSESEE
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 4]
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Pennsylvania—Continued. South Dakota—Continued.
Wandber, Cub; Run). ..i2.es<c~ cane 1,500 Spearfish, Toomey Creek .......---- 5,000
IPIne@y BUM. .< ccessssccemccue ase 1, 506 WiltiowsCreele~ a5 0s -<seuresoe merit 2,000
Rhode Island: Milford) Mlk Creeks <j... 2-22 ----0 -wae 2,000
East Greenwich, Wood River, branch ; Tennessee:
OL Re eee odie pecker wares same 8, 000 Bristol, Rippling Creek...-..-------- 1,000
Providence, Aldrich Brook........-- 4,000 Elkmont, Bear Wallow Creek... ---- 2,000
Bucks) Horm | Brook... ..<.<s---=s=*< 4,000 Rough Creek~ ==. - <0... sc eecte cise 3,000
HTATMOBYBLOO Koco aee =< sewn 4,000 Erwin, State fish commission .....-- *25, 000
Huntinghouse Brook........-..--- 4,000 Hampton, Spring Lake...........-- 1,000
Rice City Brook? J.224.--..aaceesee 4,000 || Utah: Richfield, Fish Lake.....-..-.-- 4,500
State fish commission........-.--- *50,000 || Vermont:
South Dakota: Arlington, Battenkill River..-...---- 1,500
Custer; French Creek..:.....--..:=-- 16,000 BIT LORMILG BYOOKN occ k en see cceee 75,000
Elmore, Nursery Pond.............- 2,750 Wicks Pond Brook.ens es ence suce ess +5, 000
Speartish Creek. 2... 22. 2.222.505 3,000 MayvillovBrook-.. (soo oe... oscoe 1,000
Englewood, Elk Creek............-- 9, 000 Roaring Branch -osessesh 2 = ssa 1,400
Englewood Creek..............---- 4,500 Warm 'Brook=: 35-25% ae 350
Whitewood Creek-.......-.......- 2,000 Barre, Imerson Brook.. a 43,000
Hill City, Spring Creek........ ac 22, 000 Labrador Brook..... 3 $5,000
Hot Springs, Fall River... 6, 000 Ladds Brook.......... p 75, 000
Hab Creek = os casecenco5-=-= 6,300 THOrds Brook sss ja. 2 eases 74,000
Hysega, Prairie Creek........-..-2-- 6, 000 Smith" Brook: --ccccsee taceeee ase cs +5, 000
interior, Bear’ Creek. .......<.2555 00: 14, 000 Spicer Brooke. cseace setae sa 75, 000
hen Grech 6. Joos eae dee 4,000 Banton May Brook sc ....scsesncoece 73,000
eR ys OLGQK mines saseanaeaueoeeees 6,000 Mayt Ponda? trea sneer esas pala | +5, 000
ine Creek aaa see een ee eseedie Set 8,000 Bellows Falls, Parmalee Brook...-.- 1,600
Tron Creek, Beaver Creek....-...---- 6, 000 WEE sBrOOkss 4. -- enon. -ooaaes +5, 000
Kadota, Pass! Creeks ots o2c2 Sasso % 12,000 Bennington, Bickford Hollow Brook. 1,000
Mystic; Castle Creek. 52.22 2220 4. 9,000 Drmvillessrook senses esse seen es 1,000
JOHMSONULAKCsS «7. Secssccss-coscsece 4,000 Murnace Brook:.cc2s semeaeoeacten se 1,000
NIGER Ei Ohee ee eenades ao snenas cee 10, 000 ROArIN Gg Branch--s-c0ce+oss cewee se 2,000
UAE: OLeOleans aleec aca secenmece OSs 8, 000 SonthvBrook ies cescs acc seeeaseate 1,500
Sintel Credics ak fn. sennans ose eset 3,000 Walloomsac River. .....---.-.--- 2,000
Pactola, Lower Deer Creek.........- 5,000 Woodford City Brook.........--.- 1,500
Spring Creek..... REEOROSeE et Denae 6, 000 Brattleboro, Cold Brook......------ 200
Pine Ridge, Porcupine Creek........ 10, 000 Moss Hollow Brook...--......---- 1,000
PIDLUIPIGICO Keen anions neeceeect ees 10,000 Murder Hollow Brook......-------, 1,000
Wounded Knee Creek............. 10, 000 NewilontBrook-osc. 2 scones aeneae 1,200
Pluma, Bear Butte Creek........... 1,350 Pleasant Valley Brook............ 1,000
Rapid oey, Antler Bake cuscassenes 3,000 ROnGUBrOO k= Seo te estes ccces een eel 1,000
Ganyomilakess s2ssocce. cokes sce 4,000 Slab Hollow Brook.........----.-- 1,000
Electric Light Pond............... 6,000 Slate Rock Brook... =e 1,000
Fair Ground Lake...............-- 3,000 Stickney Brook sere se see tect aeenes 1,000
Indian School Lake......... 1,500 Min wilt LOOkK oe een eel e 1, 200
Jim Creek...........-.-- : 9,000 Weatherhead Hollow Brook....... 1,000
ime Creek.=.. 2.222... 7,500 Whetstone Brook................- 1,000
Platt Pond.................. 6,000 Canaan, Big Averill Lake.........-. 500
Rae reek ageceessemececseesee se 28,375 Horest lakeserce ces eons eee 300
SLES (Cine ASB sos coc 21,000 hittlevAwerill lakers co-seee.faeee 243
Spring Creek-- 3.2... 2 2.2 n oes e n= 22,500 MOrrile TOG nenne coe c tener asics 100
Rochford, Rapid Creek.............. 5,700 Nortonserooletnenene: se coe costes 500
Rosebud, Rosebud Creek........... 14,000 Second Black Branch...-.-.-..-...--- 100
St. Onge, False Bottom Creek....-. 2,400 Wellowibranchiccce coos oc ce eros 109
Savoy, Bear Creek.............-...- 8,000 Cuttingsville, Spring Lake.........- 600
IBCAVEL CIOKs ce scmecscdcesescanee 3,000 Danville, Keeser Pond............-- 500
Little Spearfish Creek............. 7, 600 Mad Pond eee ee ee 500
Spearfish Creek... .--......-.....- 33, 000 East Berkshire, Nelson Pond....... 2,000
Spearfish, Bill Cook Creek........--- 2,000 East Hardwick, Bell Brook........- 42,500
Chicken Creek.............22.++- 5,000 || Edgewater, Bill Young Brook......- $2,000
ity, Creek 2.2. hace eee ee 3,000 AlleviBrouk 22 a coe sce seen eee +2, 000
Coxes Lake Creek...--.......-.--- 3,000 Niggerhead Ledge Brook.......... 73,000
Cray Wredicen seenen noon nena noe 6,300 Niggerhead Pond Brook.........- | 75, 000
ae as eae ae Greensboro, East Greensboro Brook. Lies
FUBSEBEATIGH! 2 seces2st seco cee te ; ; 50,
Hemler Creek...-...------ AS. 4,000 Groton, Darling Pond............... {Mf0? 000
Hilton Gulch Creek.....--..-..--- 3,000 Hardwick, Abutment Brook........ 71,500
GRC TRO Kean ete nee nae == =e a 3,000 Bailey Broke cases see eeee aoe 1,000
MUST ee Koreas ccencecs 1-e ost oe 1,000 Collier Brook......-. te eae af 2,000
McGregor Creek 8,000 Cooper Brook.. ly 000
Park Creek-seos snceassesceess 1,000 Currier Brook... 1,000
Pettigrew Creek 5,000 Eaden Brook.........-. +2, 000
Hatenuorenicessecscss seca te coae es 1,500 Hard Wick Bro0k:: s.ccccesm=secee = 5, 600
Redwater Creek 13,000 High Trestle Brook............-.- 73,000
SchminG Cresktn soc s esse pen ee 7,500 TaAmOuenkiven...c=s<- seeds sess T5, 000
Sinking Spring Creek......-..-.-. 1,500 Denn Oaey BY OU Kas sone owes erro +1, 000
Spearfish Creek and branches -.... 39, 650 MOmIsStiN OOK cess cce ses coe senese ve +2, 000
Stuceo Credke so ceu ns coe el see aac 5, 000 PaO BIOOK ooccecoencce acess sece- +5, 000
Sunderland Creek....... “poles se 1,000 Porter Brook.............- een SRE $5, 000
42
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition.
Vermont—Continued.
Hardwick, Stannard Brook ......-.-
Holden, Bassett Brook......--------
Chittenden Pond....-.......-.----
Furnace Brook and Branches... .-- {
Hewitt Brookssess 20. os. 222s saskee
DafiertsiBrooks.- ce. o-scn-sa=-ceeee
Ore Bed Brook-s.20 os. e2 een
Valley View Brook......--.--.----
Hyde Park, Hyde Pond.....-.-.-.--
Mud Pond ’
Johnson, Waterman Branch........
Manchester, Battenkill River....-.-
Cold Spring Brook...............-
Mad; Tom Brook.~- sees nse eee ee
Manchester Depot, Battenkill River.
Battenkill River, West Branch...
Bowen Brooku--sesn=-ts-t eee eee
Bowen Brook, North Branch....-
Joye Brook-+-22s2s52 ssc secece nce
Middlebury, Poor Farm Brook......
Ripton Rivers2eseassesseeee eee ce
Steam Mill’ Brook.2:2:2ss2s22-cee-
Morrisville, Billings Brook......----
Bugbee Brovlersssse et ee
Copper Brookzicissect ee ass eee ce
Darling Brook.... i
Green River Brook..
Hatch Brook........
Hazen Brook....
MeNall Brook...
Potash Brook...
New Haven Junction, Dike Brook..
Hubbard Brook-2-::2222225--. 5,22
Newport, Black River............-- {
Buck Brook ( Abode osoescneuS see
Buck) Brook (1B) sss e242 esate fceeee
Center Brookssca=22teccesiece eee
DB y Brookes scsecess secon se aseeee
Holland Pond................. ee {
Holton Brook
Jay Branch
Jud! Brooks eee sees
Kidder Pond....
ange BroOksa-ce season ee
harabee Brookscc2cccccce22cc- tee
Orcutt Brooks: 25-4) eee
Rapenaw Brookes-seee ee eee ees
Tice Brook
Watson. Brookys-22 er eee
Norton Mills, Averill Brook.........
Black Branch
Molheran River:sf 2.2 cece tess
Nulhegan River, East Branch.....
Wamberihtx' Brookic2s..5..20...00
ROAnING SrO0K=sseccbeccen ccs o cas en
RWAUSOMierOUmeset) sos reese ase «
Northfield, Houston Pond..........
Wihetstonetsrogks..) 2.225000.
Number.
v_v <
pate ch a
syuaeeeeees seeseeeesseessseeeseeses22222eneeeeeeee
gras fee ree Se TTT
he
Shu
200
Disposition.
Vermont—Continued.
Norwich, Lake Mitchell...........-.-
Orleans, Dewey Brook..........--.--
Dunham Brook=..4-see.see eee |
DuttontBrook. .<.. sceccte eee
Gallup Brooksss sss3sa2 oe te ee
Hannant Brook.3.--2ss--0s- -eeee
Higgins: Brook. co2caseon-seee eee
Hog Trough Brook... -5.-2--se2o-5
ong Ponds! con cesses sees
Matthews Brook.................-
Willoughby River... -22-<--—-s-e-
IW y Man Brook: aeceeooee ne tees
Plainfield, Fifield Brook...........-
Gurnsey Brooks). s<ccioseiscsere eee
Kingsbury, Branch. 7.c2sssseeeoee
Winooski; River. oocthees eee eeeea
Proctorville, Williams River.......-
Randolph, Adams Brook...........-
PANTS (BrOOKe es eo cece cee eee eee
BASS JBTOOK icc. siiSecien ee eeee
iBpear Hnlitbrookies «ere eeeeee cee
Blanchard Brook. -2eses. cee eee
iIBOWwImah) Brooke ss. ene eee
Chandler Brook2- ee nee see eee
Clough: Brook=) |....x.2%2 Taree
Cushman Brook..:.3-22.. 22
Fisher Brook... 2c. .60-20. 2 eee
Guild Brooks. 2eet. ete eee
Gulf Brook: 3.3 .cceenc eee
Holman Brook2 2... -ssecsor eens
HowardsHill Brooks.) 222.) s2e4e0
Mann Brook
Mud "Pond si.<.skcnacace cesses
IMOPSO: BROOK cc Scce cite nance- eee
Peth Brooke: 5..-445 heen eee
Poverty Lane Brook..............
Riford
Roarin
Roods
Roxbury Brooks-cce eee eee eee
Soper Brook. £2... ame cetieteeeeee
Upper Ayers Brook...........--.-
Upper Meadow Brook.............
St. Johnsbury, Bacon Brook......--
Bennett Brook. «2... -20<06seaemee
Biodgett) Brook... <..ccc-m nc eee
Carpenter Brook. <2: 2.2 .0...sesee=
Cold Brookiiscesseos sre eae
Gago! Brook (A) 22 sssasecs cence ee
Gage BrookiB) i saccccceenecs << <cs
Hastings brome. cesces soo saac. 6
Hawkins Brook
Hemingway Brook...........-.---
Joes Brook and tributaries.......-
Lawrence Brook
GV SLODUETOOR enice cece cee cee cane
SAUOWADLOOK -ce 0 - chacs. Sse co cee
Miles Brooks coos... 02s. ceoneetee
Parker (Brook <<. <..2<<.s<-sneeace
Number.
+50, 000
+2, 500
+3, 000
| 400
+4, 000
400
+7, 000
{ 72, 500
400
2,500
73, 000
500
+5, 000
2,000
T1, 500
400
5,000
1,500
+3, 000
400
000
500
000
000
000
000
000
000
500
500
BO H_010 CO He DO Ot ©
eS
et Rie eee
CO RO RD CO He Or
Se ee
SSssss
———
aL Sin SA Si Saat
SEaS cy
[=] mont
SSSsess
See
ss
{ 93
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH. EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
43
Disposition.
Vermont—Continued.
St. Johnsbury, Pierce Brook.......-.
ODSrESEBrOOK J: osc. c sone eae ciems
Sleapers!River.-2-552624-c252.,.26¢
Spauldings Brook...........
Sutton Brook.........-.
Walter Andric Brook
West Brook
Sharon, Lake Mitchell..............-
Sheldon Junction, Adams Pond.....
Bakersfield Branch
Bogue Brook.25.<%..sce5-5 a2 2 2-0
Cold Hollow Brook..............-.
Cramton Trout Brook...........-..
Ladd Trout Brook........-.......
MeATister Brooks2so5) <5 ce eek eee
Mineral Spring Brook.............
SE ORNS BLOOK.~.- 208 2s 2 eta
we ee eee eee eee eee
Rand 2 feeees: = As motor ate!
Springfield, Aldrich Brook..........
Commissary Brook..............-.
Garrett Brook. <2 2%. 5252022 5euee
Scrabble Brook .<.2=-2 ss-.<5-=e 2
West Sprin
Sunderland, Lathrop Brook.........
Walden; Uyford Pond... 5. 222:2525.2.
Waterbury, Alder Brook............
Alder Meadow Brook.............
Camels Hump Brook............-..
Devine SlGOK=. 5.6 2a noes
Hayden Hill’ Brook:~=.-.-s2cse20-
I PHIBLOOK: oe... soc eneseceeceekh
Hill Brook
PATE Et BIOOK «oc cescacs ences
Randall Brook: -.c4.0---e-2--5 ene
Ricker Mountain Brook...........
Ring Brook
Spruce Mountain Brook...........
State Farm Brook... .......-<<
SLOVENnS' Brook: .. ccsccece sce. snes
Stony BLook...5=cscscse5~~<e5ense
Bwasey Brook. c.csecs ven toaceeeoe
Thatcher) Brook. os scessecccecieens
Williams Brook
Maple Pond........ “Bees Aeon er er
Miller Brock Brook. ....<c2..-<262
Miller Brock Pond................
West Burke, Beaver Brook..........
West Hartford, Rockland Brook....
Woodland brook. o ences 5625 5.eesk
Number.
000
=e
&
ot
NNN NHNWWHNNHWONTNNNNNNHNHWWNHN WW
FIN WINN NNOWNNONINNNNNERYSPRRHYS!
HaSSSSSSSS3333S3SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS5
hh
ASA) a)
8
IMannsi@recks 22 oo -<. 22. seen ae
Slab Fork, Slab Fork Creek.........
Tunnelton, Lick Run..........-....-
Wisconsin:
Abbotsford, Big Eau Plaine River. .
IParkOy CreGits oo oms..ccunce eee
Alma, Beef Valley Creek............
Big Waumandee Creek............
Johns Valley Creek................
Little Waumandee Creek..........
Norwegian Valley Creek...........
Trout Valley Creek...............-
Argyle, Apple Branch Creek........
RHI CLOOKest ec ccs ae sacs we ale te
Bangor, Adams Valley Creek......-.
Big Creek
Disposition. Number.
Vermont—Continued.
Wilmington, Alvord Brook......... 500
IBGAVGE BOOKS. Jcosc2<. coos ceceeee 1,000
IBOVORETOOK== 5225 2<202s25s5caceee 1,000
PUPP OLOOK sos oe soc cscdasecsssaee 1,000
Coldeprook@see: 202-0. - oes access 1,500
CONSE BION oss s cee s so andee eee 500
GTAaVes broOWasesc 25 aoe 5 Jae eic 1,000
Haystacks BLoOkssceas2ssc-o-sc0s 1,000
JORTISONMBTOGK sce ancss sobs sods coe 500
Meadow Brooks. | o.5 2 -.<tzcc0- 05568 1,500
AKOMBLOOK oats en svcass ee oaenee 1, 500
Ware Brook... ae 500
Windsor, Ascutneyville Brook 600
Bailey Brook........ 3 200
Blood Brook... 800
Felchville Brook 800
Lull Brook...... 200
Mill Brook... 1, 200
Wrest iBrookseccaceeene - 200
Virginia:
Ashburne, Goose Creek...... 160
Barbours Creek, Fall Branc 500
Big Island, Hunting Creek. - 1,000
Goshen, Grattons Run........ 1,500
Hunters, Little Difficult Run- 8,000
Marion, Staley Creek. . 5,000
Orange, Rose River.... 500
Saltpetre, Allens Branc 640
Staunton, Ramsey Run. 2,100
Straight Creek. .......... 500
Stuarts Draft, Dodge’s pond. - 600
Washington:
Boyds, Sherwood Creek....-.-...-.- 750
Chewelah, Jump off Joe Lake. . 5,000
Wind | ViOrk LAkes.4 sas. sneneeee ae 450
Marcus, Deep Creek Lake........... 750
North Yakima, Ahtanum Creek..... 5, 550
Republic, Copper Lake.............- 450
Deep Wake wee | -ecnoreesecsewe cece 600
On Peak Cae te a eee cclo ee 900
Stevenson, Blue Creek............-. 20,000
IBIMCWAK ES Hosoi Ae ecean ces 5,000
Sprinpi@reeks ese. fe eee 2,000
Tacoma, Golden Lake............... 5,000
ake tthelan<. i. aee ee 5, 000
hake Paes ses oc .ccncriecmiceee oer 5, 000
Ranger Creeks... case ai seeee aden 2 3,000
South Mowich River.............- 4,000
Spokwash Creeks a2 eens 3,000
Vancouver, Salmon Creek........... 30, 000
Wall Walla, Spring Branch......... 2,000
West Virginia:
Capon Springs, Capon Run.......... 3,000
Gass; Cheat iver. .<-- 2... cue nen 1, 260
Hlkins, Valley River...........-..-- 500
Horton, Gandy Creek............... 800
Midvale, Tygarts River, Middle Fork
Prince, Fat Creek...................
Rainelle, Big Clear, Creek...../.-2..- 4,
Wattle Clear: Creek... 2.00.22. otee 4,
Richwood, Cherry River, North Fork 1)
Sandstone, Lick Creek..............
Sewell, Glade Creek................-
1,
eeeEeees geuseusseg
2328
4-4 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposi
tion.
W isconsin—Continued.
Bangor, Burns Creek......--.------
Dutch Creek....
East Branch....
Fish Creek......
Holberg Creek...
Kalkman Creek.
Robinson Creek.
Sand Creek......
Whites Creek. ..
Wiles Creek. ....
Bloomer, Hay G7, <a
Mic@anns! Cregkta goss iy. ee
Stevens Creek...
Upper Duncan Creek......
Blue Mounds, Camp Creek. .
Dolontry Creek.
Frames Creek...
rarfoot Creek...
Ryans Creek....
Topper Creek...
Walnut Hollow Creek.........----
Cashton, Aarnes Creek..........----
Baglien Creek...
Timber Coulie Creek.....-.......-
ntppews Falls, Little Dry Wood
T'
Ceksee es
Cylon, Hutton Creek............----
Spring Creek
Willow, River, South Fork........
Deer Park, Willow River, South
Ore): Ses eee
Dodgeville, Berg Creek..........-.--
Berryman Creek
Davis Creek.....
Flint Creek. ....
Hox Hollow Créek2.. Bee ee
Harker Creek...
Lores Creek.....
Symons Branch.
Wedlake Creek..
Yager Creek.....
Eau Claire, Alder Creek..........-..-
Balsam Creek...
Beaver Creek, North Fork.......-
Clear Creek... ...
Graham Creek. .
Hansen Creek...
Hay Creek......
Jackson Creek...
Sandy Creek...
Sherman Creek..
Spring Creek...
Stone Creek.....
Trout Creek.....
Wrights Creek. .
Eleva, Adams Creek...............-
Anderson Creek.
Bennett Valley Creek.............
Big Creek.......
Bo
livgeniGroek= 2. .ceeseceseoss~d
Haakens Valley Creek.............
Hoven Creek. ...
Lindsey Creek. .
Rosman Creek. .
eee eee were eee ceene
Number.
NRW Wee hh hDp
et etree at et ae
SESSSSSSSS88 s8SS88 ZS S SEEN SSBSSSSseSe22S522
wes .
o NNoe
L
3885
200
Disposition.
Wisconsin—Continued.
Elmwood, Cave Creek....-........--
Mosourt Creckics so cassceer ose
Mosouri Creek, South Fork. ......
Plom Cree a se ose aan cee
Plum Creek, East Fork...........
Porter Cretkioso.so3 & aes ee eee
Fountain City, Bohris Valley Creek.
Cooks Valley Creek......-2.:.0.5..
Eagle Valley Creek...........-----
Freid Valley Creek......-2+2--222
Glencoe Valley Creek. .........-..
Mentor Valley Creek..............
= Valley: Creeks 2gi 42 -4os ee
Schaffner Valley Creek............
Schneider Valley Creek. 3
Schultz Valley Creek.
Galesville, Bear Creek........
Beaver Creek, North Fork.
Beaver Creek, South Fork.
Big Tamarack Creek. ... wae
Corrigan (Creek .\.5..-sonceeere eee
Fox Cooley Creek............-.-..
Brench Creek jc secon oe see ae ee
Grants Creék=. Jssecee sent eee ee
Hardies | Creek-2 ceo. ceceneee eee
Norway Cooley Creek.............
Oakum Cooley Creek...........---
Silver Creek... teehee eeeeeceeeee
Hayward, Hannill Creek............
Hayward Creek cocceeae ee cee one
Meadow Creek ie fcen net eee ee
Potato! Creek: ...steneseecocesaence
Hudson, Green Race Creek.-.........
WallowRivert. sec: eet Se eae
Koshkonong, Spring Creek.........-
La Crosse, Chipmunk Cooley Creek -
+ Coon River, North Branch........
Troutdale’ Creek:-<--2ss5e0 hen soees
Mellen, Camp Four Creek........---
Camp Ten\ Creeks =: -.22+-see sooo
Camp Twenty-Three Creek. .......
Devils Creek..2c. i ecste st eee ee
MeCartier:Creek:...--.:2¢ 22222
Montreal Creeks. 22 .<222>2¢snebee
Mosquito: Creek. ~~ <<<. =-22e-e
Skunk Creek... .céoc.<c2itee ee eecee
SHAKE Creek cecses ounce ete eee
Mondovi, Armor Creek...........-.-
Brown Creekse.c<.sscssesecessesee
Carrol Creekissscs-sstee ee ce
Harvey Creek.2<. sche eesssne eee
DutchiCreekes. <sssecsessses cee
Muscoda, Bloyer Branch............
Bohn Branchicssossdacces 22222220.
Coon Branlens aes casscncandcdeeee
Bilston Trout Pond-.220..2..5.--4-
Hoosier: Creckiscessscar5sc eles sc
Indian Creek............ setacctts?
Jones Branch s.cssenedsscasssece
empke Branch....5. 5052-252 e2ee--
Ipuidwie Branch: 55525353525 -222222
Sand Branch..............-.- alae
Shemaks Creek. -oc5s55cceSss53502-
Six-Mile Branch: 2.t 2222 a oeee ess
Studnickka Branch. ..............
New Auburn, Beaver Creek.........
Hay Creeks <.cascoeeesssssescss: 2
Sand Creek sc .ss.taesssaa sss o.oo
Norwalk, Bergman Creek........-..
iprieske Creekvectceccsts sco tee et
Brunner Creeks2. 52.5552. 225048
COOK Creektrsssc550cssc0scc2e5ee.
Cramer Creek 55650. Peek ee
Drier Creeks... csccsssensee wane
Num
a e
ber.
800
ssessssssesssss
°
Ss
oS
3s
$38888
S
>
Oo
88888
Nw wr wow bn Nw BEND NNE Eee Re DRe ene
ss
—T—)
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition.
Wisconsin—Continued. Wisconsin—Continued.
Norwalk, Hertzberg Creek. .......... 1,600 Spring Green, Jones Creek...........
Hulls Valley Creeks 2.) Ssa333 FS 800 Sugar Grove Creek............2202
Mitchell Creek. ......... ea ae 800 WyISOTNCTPOKe 25-1 o.oo. scenes
Nolan Creak:.-.... 5.2203 a 800 Stanley, Scovin Creek...............
Seekamp:Creek=-- 5... astcs see. 800 Trempealeau, Beaver Creek .........
Spring Valley Creek........ 1,600 Crystal Creek ....-.......
Stecker Creek...........- 800 Dutch Creek.......
Sullivan Creek. 1,600 Rox Cooley Creek< 22-222 2222. Je
Summit Creek......... 800 iRrenchiC@reekis-~ seo asec coe Sek,
Vln a Shs aoecee seas 800 Holcomb Cooley Creek............
Owens, Meadow Creek.............. 400 Little Tamarack Creek............
Meeks Creelesoscb suc De eee ce 400 Norwegian Valley Creek...........
WMeneus Greakyisesccuzcececesane.s 400 INO C reC keys casa c cee ewc ec cdeee
fogs Chee kre semanas a seaeare ene 400 mamaracksOreeks 2 5.5. eataee oes
SkinneriCreek. 3s). 556 24 .chces Mises 400 Turtle Lake, Beaver Creek..........
Park Falls, Camp Creek............. 2,000 FAY sRAMEI seen ase see ee enn Sore ae
Olea nce eee se a seee eae ce eriae 2,000 Pighinine Creek: ose ue 2 eee
oe pei | oe hae
urray, Creek oso oas ene Sacece , mi NOCH Ct esse acco oe eee
Pinkerton Creek.............----- +1, 000 Murtle Creek =. 25655604 sh sso
IRepid Creeks veccrescssa-e=eecae +2, 000 Waukesha, Baldwin Creek..........
Rice eee Creakestesistccss se 3,000 BidiwelllGreck: 2.25.2) 34a see
pone eI e ree Bose ae ese Sar 2, ae pace We ceaes Rr eens
scobis Creek 22-9) 2 oe ees 5ee. ) Chamberlain Creek.... 2.202022...
River Falls, Kinnickinick River.... 6,000 Galetne Creek
Salmo Bark Creek. 2. . 2. J.0.5.6..<2< +2, 000 Gramor Greek 2283 As ee
Brickyard Creek. -........--..---- 71, 000 Maplo\Creekessces see eke
WOSUOLOGK: ose. codsiace = cece seas T2, 000 Garrett Greek -2-.. 232-3!
T1, 000 Genesee Creek
1, 000 Holcolm Creek........ MEPS
71, 000 sFOTies Creekck scares se ee a
71, 000 Keéppen Creck=.22:<s2s0 cae eee
I 000 MOVES Creeks a cae eee heres eee
2,000 Minick:@reekisscecse ee eaas eee
1,000 Price Ordeks: sessa Sone a eee
ot Sailsville Co sogevoecerceesete
ernonge Creek, s5:. 22)2:.34k¢
Boyles Creek........-...---------- 200 Hans Grek ch eae ea eae
Denzer Creek...-.-.---.-..-------- 200 Waterville Creek..................
enlay CCE 5 oS seecenese see ccs 200 iWalkinson Greckes: soap ee seen nen
Boney: ats ieee ence seccesnsctae 1, 400 Williams Creek..............22---
Sy a oa an eae a» Wrights Creel. < .-2.23.95.22 see
SredAdecincrete | tol Geto ee
ace oad see e cece eee eee sence eee 1,000 @arlson Creeko-ehcosds.an:c- 52
Pages Gos <5 esa oP BR EAORS j , ni Clackmaker Creek...........-.....
Beaver Creeks s4-2 222. thot b an. 2,000 ules ripe eae
(Benson Creeks sss-che ne nscnneeec 1,000 Hanson Creek................
Iie Onaga be eaesbc a soe s eRe ee oe 2,000 Holte Creek.............
Big Creek Pond! . 2.22.5 -5-c5-= 2 1,000 Jenson Creek sia esa ee
BTU eR Oredkaes 52.5 s0 seek ean: 1,000 Gresko eae edd
Wrehiersdke 5 -5ek oc. so sane 1,000 ELIE lea oe aa yan aan
Farmer Valley Creek.............. 1,000 WelsoriCresck!os.5 siauee abe
Tis Ones) Oa eoeeoerscecer 1,000 Oi Grock Son oe eee ee
Wa Crosse Creek: si oososcce foc2sece 1,000 : ET OE ane el ee be wl
Little Creek 1’ 000 Oinm Spring Creek. 27-22 seen
Little Bailey Creek... .....222.222 LOS eee one ee
Little Busby Creek................ 1,000 Oe araee Gosele ues 5 yee ements:
tie = Cr oon coe steer eececeee 1,000 Peterson Creek....................
ittle Range Creek................ 1000) aw cariaicnani a joint Sables oo, ire
Little Silver Creek. -2.222222.0027 SOI pag ee ela
Little Swamp Creek............... TROOON i eee tee Ate ee ekie 5 eo Guene oe a
Rinna Grenk v Plea Cree kena sense ra. ean ee
“S/S ee oar aap a , 000 Skorsmoen Creek..................
a 7 Crk. trees eee eee eeeee 1,000 Steenson Creek....................
es Pe 1,000 Swonson Oredics ss ees ses 5.50
to eee oem enact 1,000 Mwinsb lat Creakes ses 5200 jocc ss
Peonice 1,000 || Wilton, Gerkes Creek.-.............
Sane Cank ttt r eee eeeee eee e eee pane Lenahamis Creek...........---.---
South Big Creek .....222022272277 1/000 Noths Creek....-....-..-.--2..+..-
Spmta Credke-5263 225202... 1,000 || Wyoming:
Dwallp ered: 25) sac cee sos se 1,000 Basin, Solitude Lake................
Mar Crake wet be" shes) ae 4,000 Beulah, Sand Creek.................
horbies Gredkas-25200 9-00 5 1,000 pple Crookiwe 5 ssi seen eae. Soe
Welch Cracks seutct- os eee 1,000 Clearmont, Clear Creek, Middle Fork
Spring Brook, Godfrey Creek..... 3,000 Clear Creek, North Fork..........
Little Creeks{ 5. sessses Sosckeies os: 2, 000 Cody, Aldrich Creek................
Number.
s s
MW SS CU CN UT
S
S
—)
SSeSSsSss
.
CO ND ND BR OD
Y
200
200
wwrwrve ve wee veve eee eee eee eee ewe
Be pt tt et et et ee ee
~
SSSsesesssssssssssssesssecss
bat bat bat 9.0 bs
S5ss88
46 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
BROOK TROUT—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
W yoming—Continued. W yoming—Continued.
Cody, Bear Creek..-...............- 1,200 Laramie, Rock Creek..............- 34,000
Beliknap Creek...............-.-- 1, 600 Simpson Cmeks:,. 2684) gee anaes 15,000
Bobcat Creek.-/.o-secec- sees =seee 1, 200 Lusk, Clark-Metzger Lake........... 1,500
Bowlderi@reckssseasecc ccna s-2 053 1,600 Rawhide: Creek. o--=- 55> -s0ee eee 1,500
Ball. Creek eeeaemecnca doce esccoes 1,600 Meads Siding, Pass Creek.-.......... 18, 000
CabiniCregkesesnecee ne cones ec eeael 1, 200 Newcastle, Bear Creek..-........... 3, 000
Clear Water Creek. ...-.....-.--5-: 1, 200 Beaver Creek........2---..0.0000 10, 500
Hast HormGreeke: - 352 2. so sae 1, 600 Spring Creek 5.5 obtuse scenes 3, 000
Gooseberry Creek . 2. ...025--05 1, 600 Stockade Beaver Creek...........-. 31, 500
GrinnelliGreek.<--.-- 255s. ees 1, 200 Upper Beaver.Creek.........2.22: 4, 200
Hard pani Creek. Ws J-cecc carck 1, 600 Parkman, Lake Creek..............- 1,800
Molly: @reekssee-os.-5- 6-22 cnceenee 800 Wick Creek 52s Wossces soot ee 1,800
Jack: Crepkienesacc se ces ae se emo 1, 600 Little Horn River, North Fork.... 900
TOrG al Creek meee a <cicac acne 2, 000 Ranchester, Black Canon Creek... .. 5,000
ittle Rogky Greek. <2 ceeeen-2 1, 200 Little Tongue River_-.2-...2.. 122! 12, 000
Morrison Fork Creek .............- 1,600 McLaughlin'Creek ...<.. 5.252022 3, 000
Moss (Creeksnen essences cosicansens 1, 200 Red Canon’ Creek... 2-220) ees 2,000
INewton @reek= 25 ociciesacacsse ene 1, 200 Sucker Greek! 52-2 eee 5, 000
PROS Cree kes anemones ear 1, 200 Tongue River, South Fork........ 1,500
Rattlesnake Creek....-....-...:2-- 1,600 Wolf Credok2.s2- cance sae ee 38, 000
Ried iGree ketene eos 1, 600 Riverton, Big Wind River.......... 3, 000
IROCKICreekeen sae. seer ee eee 1,600 DmNomRiverss.sce) ene ls eee 3,000
Sapol@recksn- sae nee casas eae 2, 800 Rock River, Boylan Lake..........- 10, 000
duintyriy One ee oo cee peas cmesccosse 1, 200 Rock Springs, Sweeney Creek....... 3,000
Valley Spring Creek..........--.-- 800 Saratoga, Araster Lake.............- 20,000
Encampment, Encampment Creek... 15, 000 Bow Lakes: nce ee eee 20, 000
Grand Encampment Creek........ 20, 000 Gédar Creek: 22222222 nee 20, 000
Evanston, Snowden’s pond........-. 2,900 Cow: Greek2=oss0 02 sess eee 20, 000
Fox Park, Pinedale Pond........... 16, 000 DipperWakes:.ccssccesensseeeaeee 15,000
Greybull, Shell Creek .--............ 2,000 Jacks Creek jastacn seosseee sso 70, 000
Laner, Baldwin Creek............... 6, 000 North Platte River..............-. 25, 000
Beaver Creeke 22. acess acaces nace 3, 000 Rose Creek: 23 Si ee eee 15,000
Blue HoloiCreeK |< <= - . asses eeese 1, 400 Section Lake No. 9.............:-- 109, 000
‘Buflalo Creek... -.0.2ssceeccesteee 3, 500 Spring Creeks. sssscses se ocoeeeee 100, 000
G@rooks|\Creeks2-5.. so5.cenesaceees 1, 750 ah Bc ee ens 38 20, 000
Dickinson Creek .............----- 3,000 || Sheridan, Beaverdam Lake......... 2,400
Little Popo Agie River............ 3,000 Little Goose Lake........-....-..- 3,000
Little Popo Agie River, North Little Rapid Creek...........-.... 4,800
HOTS pees cise oses cee eeeee 3,000 Pia aK Ole 5055 caswoe eeu qaeeee 8, 000
Won Creeks: = 2 <:sjrnc tesco 3, 500 Rapid Creeks sccccesceeese coeee eee 9,600
Mckinney, Creek... ...2<cccssee ss 1,500 Soldier’ Creek... 02 <. 222 c0cee emer 5, 700
acitie Creeky=-- =. 3, 500 Soldier Creek Lake............-.-- 2,400
Popo AgiogRiver os .: (s 6 neneete 6, 000 Spearspond.o..-2.- 455-4 sseeeeeee 1,500
Popo Agie River, Middle Fork.... 3,000 Sundance, Houston Creek........... 10,000
ROCK CTE. 2's 5. coca sane sceeee 3, 000
ScuawiCreak ees <ooe a coe co eee 3, 000 ' +378, 175
Laramie, Bear Creek..............-. 26, 000 Totaliasc:. Soo. 20 oan nne See +3, 876, 265
, 882, 668
SUNAPEE TROUT.
Vermont:
Brattleboro, South Pond..........-- 7,372
SMELT.
Maine: Otis, Green Lake.............- 7304, 750
New York: Willsboro, Warm Pond... +914, 000
Total sete nce esseteteceeteeneee 71, 218, 750
PIKE AND PICKEREL.
Arkansas: Tllinois—Continued. ;
Black Rock, Black River..........- b 226 Blanding, eS PUIG ODS can omni b 1,000
Browns Lake, Black River........-- b18 Freeport, waters of Illinois. ......... 360
Manson, Black River........-..-...- 6915 Galena Junction, Mississippi River. . b 1,700
Tllinois: Hanover, Mississippi River.......... b 1,046
Apple River, Apple River, North Lena, Mammosser Lake.........--.- 20
PANIC cee wae athenche seewn caceces 38 New Boston, Mississippi River-..... b 219
a Exclusive of 79,200 fry and 62,000 fingerlings lost in transit.
b Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
PIKE AND PICKEREL—Continued.
47
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Tllinois—Continued. Minnesota: ss
Nora, Apple River, East Branch... . 18 Homer, Mississippi River. .........- a 46, 266
Seales Mound, Mill Creek............ 20 Lake Pepin, Mississippi River... ... a 260
Warren, Apple River, East Branch . 112 Red Wing, Mississippi ARG) Memeo @ 235
Towa: Wisconsin: f
Bellevue, Mississippi River. ......-.- a 7,648 Bagley, Mississippi River........... a75
Clayton, Mississippi River... ....--- a 250 Bay City, Mississippi River........- a 40
Fairport Mississippi River... .-...- @ 301 Genoa, Mississippi RAMON ene cies - 21,100
Green Island, Mississippi River. - -.. @ 19, 560 Glenhaven, Mississippi River... .... a (00
Guttenburg ‘Mississippi River==2=2 a 50 La Crosse, Mississi piRiver= = 22. . @ 16,505
Towa Falls, fowa River............. 190 Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River.. @ 1,200
Manchester, Maquoketa River...... 90 Woodyard, Mississippi River... ...- a 800
North McGregor, Mississippi River.. a 4,195 Wyalusing, Mississippi River... .... a 750
Pleasant Creek Mississippi River... @ 100
Quarry, Iowa River................. 126 Motalk eee reer ete sete ese 106, 408
Sny Magill, Mississippi River. ...... @ 875
FRESH-WATER DRUM.
Illinois: Towa—Continued,
Blanding, Mississippi River-.......-. a 31 Sny Magill, Mississippi River... ..-. @ 11,000
Galena Junction, Mississippi River. . @ 85 |} Louisiana: p
Hanover, Mississippi River........- a 22 Atchafalaya, Mississippi River. ----. a 3,175
Meredosia, Illinois River..........-.- 216,200 || 'Wisconsm: ss.
New Boston, Mississippi River.....- a 726 Genoa, Mississippi River............ a 100
Towa: Glenhaven, Mississippi River. - . ---- a 30,000
Bellevue, Mississippi River. ........ a 937 La Crosse, Mississippi River... .-.-.. 21,150
Clayton, Mississippi Riven cictc cok a 5,000
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... a 47 Total a. ~~ cassis ssee-teoee ee 83,473
Guttenburg, Mississippi River. ..... a 15,000
CRAPPIE.
Alabama: Connecticut:
Athens, Anderson Creek...........- 90 East Haddam, Joshua Pond. ....... 1,500
insti Creekiseuce -cecisc .oebseseece 135 Winsted, Laurel Heath Lake. ....-. 200
Birmingham, Scott Branch Pond.. . 300 || Delaware: Delaware City, Scotch Lake. 600
Blanche, Yellow Creek...........-.. 75 || Georgia:
Bristow, Spring Creek..............- 75 Cave Springs, Woodstock Lake...... 90
Guin, Ford’s mill pond............. 350 Dewyrose, Beaverdam Pond......-. | 50
Hartford, Choctawhatchie River. 385 Forestville, Elner Lake............. 180
iarricane: Creeks 2.22202. 2-23-22. 75 Maysville, Martin’s pond...........- 25
Helena, Lake Zuldonia.............. 300 Raymond, Raymond Lake.........- 230
Jemison, Cobb’s pond............-.- 300 Rome, Hillerest Lake............-.. 360
La Pine, Enzor’s. pond.......-.-.--- 50 || Illinois:
Letohatchie, Dickson’s pond.....-... 125 Apple River, Apple River, North
Loop, North Spring Creek........... 75 IBTANCH =i jaaeu sie sessce twat secee cess 200
Luverne, Kendrick & Ruff Pond.... 50 Belleville, Fern Glen Lake.....-..-.- 750
Minooka, Watson Creek..........--- 300 Glendale'Lakess 2 25250 te: 600
Mobile, Junction Pond.............. 105 Brighton, Northern Star.........-... 450
Newton, Atkinson’s pond........... 90 Freeport, Waters of Tllinois......... 20,350
Pleasant Gap, Frog Creek.........-- 75 Gelena Junction, Mississippi River. . a 4,000
Hurricane Creek...........-.....- 75 Hanover, Mississippi River.......-- a 14,500
Prattville, Cotton Mill Pond......-.. 75 Lena, Mammooser Lake...........-- 300
Rreodson bONd | - nc. cksccn seeker ee 75 Meredosia, Illinois River............ a 83,075
Arkansas: New Boston, Mississippi River-...-.. a 61,487
Bellefonte, Crooked Creek.........-- 160 Panama, Clover Leaf Lake.......-.. 300
iS ATS: a 70 || Scales Mound, Mill Creek........... 200
a 2,210 Warren, Apple River, East Branch 800
a1, 245 Waterloo, Bollinger’s pond.......... 750
95 || Indiana:
Fayetteville, Mirror Lake........... 105 Culver, Lake Maxinkuckee.........- 600
Harrison, Crooked Creek...........- 130 Edinburg, Sugar Creek.............- 225
Hot Springs, Fordyce’s pond.......- 120 Indianapolis, Sugar Creek..........- 600
(GuiphayBond)-o5...5- cesses done 120 Lena, Blue Pond.............-...... 7
Little Rock, Spring Lake. .......... 200 New Albany, Creeks of Floyd County 700
Manson, Black River..........-..-- a6, 730 Perrysville, Volkel’s pond........... 200
Monticello, Hillcrest Pond.......... 120 Richmond, Crescent Lake........... 600
Rogers, Meadow Pond............-- 7 Sellersburg, Belknap Lake. ......... 825
St. Joe, Blackberry Pond. .......... 70 Worthington, Eel River............. 225
Cedar;Pond\ 2. 5... 24%. Peer 65 || Towa:
Colorado: Bellevue, Mississippi River..-....... a 562,125
Lamar, Two Buttes Lake........... 500 Cincinnati, Euwer’s pond.........-.- 2
Las Animas, Adobe Creek Lake... .. 500 Clayton, Mississippi vere. 2a205. 8: a 2,135
Wray; RobbsiTake 2-2-2 os 200 Cresco, Turkey River............... |
@ Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
160695°—20——_10
48 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
' CRAPPIE—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Towa—Continued. Michigan—Continued.
Earlville, Penn Creek.........-- 400 Holton, Acker ak6-: -.- o..cccee +e. 200
Fairport, Mississippi River.... @ 82,375 Hemlock Lake.......-.-...-.2..2 200
Green Island, Mississippi River 217,000 Horseshoe Lake. ....2.-...-22.-.- 200
Guttenburg Mississippi River. -....;.- a 5,100 Jackson, Wolf Lake.-..-.:-.---2--.2 300
Towa Falls, lowa River...........-- 2550 || Mandan, Beaver Lake............... 150
McClellan, Glen Pond.......-------- 150 Orion, Lake Orion.................- 500
Manchester, Maquoketa River. .- --.-. 3, 850 Twin Lake, North Lake............. 200
North McGregor, Mississippi River.-| a 152, 550 oo West. Dake (occ. cgec-2 s-5seeeeeseee 200
Perry, Raccoon River.....---------- 1,200 || Minnesota;
Quarry, Iowa River...... jegeh sess 3,000 Homer, Mississippi River.........-- a 1, 266, 845
Sny Magill, Mississippi River. -....- a 25,000 Mentor, Maple Lake...............-- 800
Kansas: Odessa, Abelone Johnson Lake......- 400
Edwardsville, Cement Lake......-.. 300 || Red Wing, Mississippi River.......- a 9, 495
Lake of the Forest. .........------ 400 Rochester, Mill Pond...............- - 630
Missin Ghee Kgerect eae ee -ecee === 200 Virginia, Sand Lake................. 1, 200
Fort Scott, Sheeler Lake. -......-.-.. 400 || Mississippi:
Kansas City, Forest Lake........... 300 Amory, Cullens’s pond...........--- 300
Topeka, Deer Creek.........----.-.. 250 Booneville, Cochran’s lake...-....-- 100
akarusa Creek. ......----------- 200 Cedar Bluff, Peden’s pond......-.-- 90
Kentucky: Clinton, Johnston’s pond...........- 120
Catawba, Berger’s pond............. 100 Dake owilson 242 ceeacs. tee coeeene 200
Chilesburg, Graves’s pond .......... 100 Corinth; ‘Clear iake--eeesssussce sees 50
Franklin Douglas Pond !. 2. sete 75 Crystal Springs, Palmer’s pond...... 50
Lewis Pond: /:. sa4s eo 75 Friar Point, Moon Lake..........-..- 220
Fredonia, Young’s pond.....-...... 150 Gulf Port, Lakeview Pond........-- 50
Georgetown, Elkhorn River......... 300 Tuxechena Creek.......-.-.-2----- 105
jebilly note ll CY) pec oesn sosceopeoneS 100 Wolf River 2) ---.0- peas Szochsooet 105
al?sipond!(B)=.-es-sesbess selon 100 Hamburg, Fisher’s pond.........--- 250
Hawesville, Indian Lake............ 300 Hazlehurst, Plantation Lake........ 50
Hopkinsville, Little River.......... 500 Jackson, Bailey Lake-.....--..:...- 125
Lancaster, Bratton’s pond. ......... 100 Warner’ sponds. t ise nee eeeee 155
Lawrenceburg, Carroll’s pond....... 200 Long Beach, Sunnybrook Pond..... 50
Gifty7s PONG eer cmon reaeee seen 100 Louisville, Steves Pond.........---- 60
PCE AKG Se melaet aa snes emcee 100 McCool, Stevenson’s pond........ Bac 150
Lake Mary Elizabeth............. 200 Mantee, Valley Pond.............-.- 50
WASH’S DONG peere: ceca chee chee 100 Mathiston, Pinnix’s pond........... 50
Lexington, Lake View Pond........ 200 Meridian, Queen City Club Pond..-. 140
Louisville, Hikes Pond....-......... 100 South Lake... (2c stan 70
Take Lansdowne... s<s<-s5 sence 825 Waterworks Lake.............---. 175
Parkview) Lake 2. e=<cc-emee ene 200 Natchez, Vaughan’s pond.........-. 250
Mayfield, Grant’s pond......-.....- “75 Pachuta, Morgan Lake......-..-..--.- 105
(Paris, Lindsay: Ponds s2-i30-s2ceen <i 200 Port Gibson, Magnolia Pond.......-. 100
Big Sandy River, Russell Fork... 300 Rienzi, Michael Lake...............- 100
Riceville, Fish Hook Pond.........- 100 Ecooba, Trammell’s pond.......-.-.- 120
Shelby, Big Sandy River... <-2..:=.: 300 Shuqualak, Rogers Pond.........-.- 120
Shelbyville, Hoke’s pond. .......... 100 Starkville, Bunton’s pond........... 90
Vandyke’s pond........-.-....... 100 Reynolds Lake (A) .<.. sues ote 60
Sherman, Smith’s pond...........-- 100 Reynolds Lake (B)=sscesese eee 60
Versailles, Fox Spring Lake......... 200 Saunders) Pond. fesaseaeeneeteee 90
INGE WIMAN’S PONG. ons acc oceans 100 Steens, Taggart Branch. oe 60
Waddy, Martin’s pond.......... oe 100 Stratton, Willow Pond 60
Whitesburg, North Fork Lake. é 200 Terry, Jones’s pond..... 310
Winchester, Carroll’s pond... 100 Tillman, Sedgeland Pond... 155
Duvalls pond <2. s.seeeses- = 100 Waynesboro, Cochran’s pond 250
Louisiana: d : Wheelers, Bennet’s lake... - 50
Baton Rouge, Amite River. a 500 Woodville, Roland Pond............ 125
Mississippi River... a 27,900 || Missouri:
University Lake...........--. a 2,200 Warora, Wat Creeks os sisesencee sees 500
Church Point, Dangereau’s pond.... 50 Blackburn, Logsdon’s pond......-.. 100
Gnidry’s;pond = > =~ Sac see see 25 Columbia, ‘Brushwood Lake......... 300
Natchitoches, Cane River Lake. ...- 500 Diamond, Cedar Lake............... 300
Norwood, Pepper Pond........-...-- 150 Gashland, Eaden Lake.............. 100
see Lake Catalpa.............-. 50 Horine, Country Club Lake......... 1,050
Rayville, Clear Lake............---- 200 Kansas City, Silver Lake............ 300
South Mansfield, Sweet Bay Pond. . 50 Swope Park Lake....:....2.-2---- 100
Winnfield, Crawford Pond.........- 25 Liberty, Pryor Lake. .......-.5.5.<. 400
Maryland: Neosho, Indian Creek......-.------- 500
Baltimore, State ponds.......-.....- 200 Odessa, Lake Vinita... ..----<--05 400
Charlotte Hall, Spring Dale Pond... 100 steal Bateman’s pond....... 200
Massachusetts: Pleasant Hi i, Lake Leonard........ 600
Lynn, Lower Pond....+..........-- 400 Quail, Lancaster Lake.............- 300
ontville, Sandisfield Lake........- 100 Rocheport, Chinn Lake............. ~ 300
Michigan: St. Louis, Pou mnys Pond......... 1,050
Barron Lake, Barron Lake.........-. 200 Slater, Ellwoo BUSKO Eee ces > aecenee 100
Crystal Falls, Anderson Lake....... 150 Springfield, Ouichita Lakes......... 400
Mortena ake. 2- seers ean. 2 300 || Nebraska: Sutton, Pleasant View
Gaylord, Dry Dam Ranch Lakes.... 200 PONG ee one atinaws ese Sse de ORE ee 30
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
Ce
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
49
CRAPPIE—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
New Jersey: Oklahoma—Continued.
Burlington, Delaware River.......-- 450 Oklahoma City, Lake Oliver........ 100
Morris Plains, Hospital Ponds... ... 500 New Country Club Lake.......-.. 100
Penns Grove, Layton Lake........- 450 OakealOree esc cccccscc cane cn eeee 100
New Mexico: Estancia, Cox’s pond.... 375 Old Country Club Lake........... 100
New York: Pauls Valley, Roquemore’s pond... - 100
Altamont, Warner Lake.........--- 300 Pawhuska, Birch Creek............- 450
Clayton, St. Lawrence River 100 WedanCreekssmenccecccsscec ccc 150
Greene, Echo Lake.......... 100 Clean Creehkeee seria celenein= oe en nie = 150
Jewettville, Reuther Pond. . 100 Gray Horse Creek....-....- 150
Lockpert, Red Creek............ : 200 North Bird Creek... 225
Mount Marion, Highwood Pond..... 100 Rock Creek......... Le 150
Newburgh, Orange Lake..........-.. 100 Saundi@recksttssss se sstee ns aoe 450
Stittville, Lawton’s ponde ees ssc ne 100 Perry, Country Club Lake.........-. 100
Tivoli, Livingston’s pond........-.. 100 DiKOn’S!POHGs 222s. c-ceescec--snee 100
Mroy wnyder Wake: cccseccenennic = on 500 MolezalisponG es sesscsace sence 100
North Dakota: Moyles pond eases ceases a osae 75
Binford, Red Willow Lake.......... 500 nights ponds sssceesenseseesaes 100
Lisbon, Sheyenne River...........- 500 MLOOVERS POO esses eens ane 75
Petrel, Lemmon Lake..............- 500 FoOWNSONIS PONG eee eacee ee meeee 100
St. John, Lakes of Rolette County. -. 1, 600 King sipondeeerecesseesce acenene 75
Ohio: Lawrence’s pond.....--..--------- 100
Lake View, Indian Lake............ 200 MeDanicl’sipond ests 2os-cees eee ae 100
Newton Falls, Milton Lake.......... 800 Paces WONG ss esses a-ha ea 100°
Sayre, San Toy Lake................ 200 Pennington’s pond..-...-.-.---.--- 75
Oklahoma: Robinson’s pond...--------------- 100
Adar birdeMilh Creeks >. saccecenicene 150 Sykorsbeondeesee cao acsas ates 100
(Country Club Bakes. 2 <2 .225222-5- 150 WiGlSrduWaket ss ccle em sas ceetelece= 100
Tacks Mork Crooks * tects koace ass 225 Young’s ponds. ...- ebetedicanscces 100
Sewtihy Castiss eee saseseposadsbeoe 150 Pittsburg, Lake Austin............- 300
Anadarko, Sunnyside Pond. . é 150 Pond Creek, Buffalow’s pond.....-.- 300
Ardmore, Ardmore Lake. . 200 avhOrce’s ponds ea. sa... see ee 150
Hyden’s pond......... seis 100 McClelland Lake.............-...- 150
Lone Grove Lake. . 222.220.222.222... 100 Seifert’s pond.....-.- 3a5 300
Pennington Creek.-.......-.-....- 100 Purcell, Bandy’s ponds. .......-..-- 300
Rod and Gun Club Lake.......... 300 Bourquin’s ponds: ssssse sees see 100
SIMIpPSOMNUAKO =~ on. cascostercoee 100 Crawiord’s pondsesosecssseesee oe. 200
eifinee-mile!Creeke5s- 53.265. 2. 5625 = 100 Kars pond see eae noe eee ite a 100
Whitehurst’s pond..............-. 100 Rackley’s pond ..........-...-..-- 100
Byars, Railroad Pond............-.- 100 Wantland’s pond. < s-oes>-ceeess5 100
Sunnybrook Pond................ 100 Quinton, Starr Lake.........-...-.- 150
Crowder, Lake Octapocta........... 150 Red Rock, Swallow’s pond.....-.--- 100
Mountain Lake................... 150 Rosedale, Bryant’s pond...........- 100
en Bennett Lake.........,....- 75 Miser SOMO Meee teen sncem acters 100
Eufaula, Mirror Lake.............-- 75 Sapulpa, Henry’s pond......-.----- 150
Featherstone, Cunningham’s pond. . 75 isiniey spon Geers esen ease aaa 75
nimsWarm) Pond !seceos..sc0s =e 75 Meyers Old eaeee acne ete sne oe are 150
Gage, Buzzard Roost Pond.......... 300 Sharon, Healey Lake.......-.------- 200
Goteba, Hnton’s\ pond. =. 96-caes os 150 Stillwater, Karentz’s pond.......--- 150
Guthrie, Farm Pond (A)............ 100 TKO ENE KG!S POU Cisse se ecwcbis a eral 150
WanmvEOnGi(B) -eeece cece sci ne 100 Supply, Irwin’s pond......--------- 200
Woodland) Takeo. 28 soo Secn. 100 Thackerville, Blue Lake.....------- 100
Hickory, Armstrong Lake........... 150 Tulsa, Schenfield Ponds.....-.------ 450
Big Priperccks 2a a eo 225 Union City, Knapp’s pond 150
Blue Creek. .... Re! 150 100
akGuWenoris = 53 soe. chek so aoa 75 150
Hugo, Outing Lakes... ... 2.2 ..55.. 350 150
RIGA PUG WAKE eases co sasec sae oat 300 100
Mi piOU MakGesresec. seen osc Sets 275 100
Kingfisher, Glade End Pond........ 150 : 100
Krebs, Manitou Lake..............-. 75 Clingiiaikes n° s0- en sees eee eae 100
Lookeba, Willow Lake.............- 150 Fl 5 2 ea gi me Mecca 100
McAlester, Lake Talawanda........- 300 HOPKINS WAKO = so ccco sesrise ao te = 100
Mangum, Caldwell’s pond.........-.- 100 line WaAk@es secrete seo sa cores 100
Moss Spring Pond...............-- 300 Markin Waka. s2-eccesee aces sat = 100
NOMS SPONGE lesen o = aaeeee ce ieeia 100 Sand Wakete es 2e-s-see se ncen eee 100
Medford, Lew Weld Pond.........--. 150 Siileribakecseess- ose eens eee ee 100
School LandPond.—- 5. Js...s.an2 150 Swarts Lake... ssucuskse 2 5- cote 100
MarnantS POU. ase seccn cece 300 Marnbull Takes. 2: 2 ose vestiges 100
Moore, Cowan’s pond .........--.--- 100 Weendnliake 2 825 aso eebaaces 100
Mooreland, Crystal Lake .........-.- 200 Willow bakes. oso cccense see tenet 100
Willow Springs Lake.........--...- 100 Workman lakers... es. 3 se5- a= 100
Mountain View, Big Sandy Creek... 150 Zana LAkOs: soos snob euvsweies oh 100
Foutch’s pond ee ee 2S one 300 || Pennsylvania:
laleyisilak@esscasen ss toceaeebe 300 Altoona, Juniata River.......-.....- 800
SONGS Ak Oteeesa sane ewe r= mewa'ls 300 Williamsport, Loyalsock Creek.....- 300
Magness Lake..............-.....- 300 Wyalusing, Susquehanna River..... 1,500
Vankitinlakence arcs o- cnscs-csc- 300 || South Dakota:
Washita Rivers.2---<--2.2.c.---.- 300 Hartford; Wall Lake-..-..---....-.- 400
Wyntt Creek. occ .aeeeaty ow ese a 300 Huron, Lake Byron.........-..----- 500
50 DISTRIBUTION -OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
CRAPPIE—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number,
South Dakota—Continued. Wisconsin—Continued. :
Sioux Falls, Lake Simpson.......... 1, 200 Donaldson, Landing Lake........... 50
Sioux City, Waters of South Dakota. 2, 200 Tittle Bass Wake. 2. eacetece ee oe 50
Volga, Lake Tatonkaha..........-.- 400 Little Donohue Lake.........--..- 50
Tennessee: Pickerel Makez: 2. ccee costs scene 50
Atoka, Glen Spring Lake.....-..--- 175 SpEne Takes cocoa. neaek aaa 50
McReeis mond stance. oss scene ---me 75 Elkhart Lake, Crystal Lake......... 200
Templeton’s pond........-.-.-...- ce lo0) Genoa, Mississippi River...-......-- a1, 205
Brighton, Sunnyside Lake......-..-- 100 Glenhaven, Mississippi River. ...... a300
Franklin, Murphy Fork Creek.....- 150 Gordon, Bass Dake--2.~--~---0-+ secu 75
Gallatin, Hogin’s pond...........-.- 60 Bltie.Gill Wakes 8 sceseuse ee eee 75
alls; Tuckers pond sso... ces. son 50 CleardLak@sscc soocmacc deere 75
Henning, Sanford’s pond.....-.-..-- 50 | Leader Take. 222... scescecieseenoce 75
Huntingdon, Dill’s pond............ 50 Ox Laker Mite scecsee seen staceeare 75
Kerrville, Miller’s pond.......-....- 50 |} . Spider Lake........ seine see deere 7.
Manchester, Garrett Mill Pond...... 375 Whitefish Lake. ............----.- 75
Murfressboro, Hickory Grove Pond. .- 75 Grand Rapids, Wisconsin River..... 200
Nashville, Little Harpeth River ..-.. 240 Hayward, Lake Willard............. 250
Springfield, Sycamore Creek........ 175 Heafford J unction, Bass Lake...-...- 100
Tullahoma, Lake Calanthe.......-.- 300 Prairie Wakes. naecencee eacenes 100
Virginia: Rice plualeanee. coewstastees ecacreeee 100
Ashland, Luck’s pond.......-.---.- 300 Hillsboro, Baraboo Pond.....--.---- 700
Beaver Dam, Beaverdam Lake..... 600 La Crosse, Mississippi River..-...... a124,050
Burkeville, Mallory Pond........-.-. 150 Ladysmith, Flambeau Pond...-..-..- 200
Byllesby, Meadow Creek...........- 300 Lake Millicent, Bingo Lake......... 50
Gh Plas by 2) mabcocbosdoracnesEHoroor 300 Boscoe Bay Dakec co pee 50
Charlottesville, University Pond.... 150 iBubarvbake? ssc s-cees aeene eee 50
Church Road, Hobbs Run.........- 150 CrowilakGseorosecssce sense 50
Clifton Forge, Cow Pasture River... 150 Kiveiisland Waket2 2: e322 csceee 50
Dillwyn, Mary Bell Pond........ =o 150 Heart Lakes Pees eee eee 100
Edinburg, Passage Ceek....-...-.... 150 uber Bake sic: . lo0s sateen eene ped 50
Shenandoah River, North Fork... 150 Take Millicent ccs secscss seas hacen 50
Stony/Crecke sre so. sso as see eee 150 Ost !WakGs.saacsseaces + ss nese aoe 50
Emporia, Emporia Pond...........- 300 POA Does sence ce cece meee ace 50
Meherrim Pond 2 e se eee 600 EL wantbakeecscecsc aterm or aee aoe 50
Slacle/smonde=> 29175455) eee ee 300 Lake Nebagamon, Lake Nebagamon. 400
Esmont, Lake Nydrie..............- 300 Manson, Manson Lake.....-.......- 300
Fredericksburg, Dowman’s pond... . 150 Norrie, Cedar Lake...........---...- 10
Glen Allen, Chickahominy River... 300 Halfway laketssssoccttc corn eeu 10
Lorton, Occoquan Creek.....-....-- 300 KieleysBondiaesntss cotter ere 10
Lynchburg, James River............ 900 Lake) Wausatss st sae cuoe cceee eee 10
Maiden, Hening’s pond............- 600 Plowman lakers esens on bee coscer © 10
Manassas, Broad Run........-...-..- 450 Smuthtlakewys ayes ses a eee 10
BUM Rita scoseaees ssceeetcseeene 300 Stony Lakes s2 2552 secotee epee 10
KO Liles sence sess een eneee epee 300 Nye, Round Wake: a2. seen esse noe 400
Mount Jackson, Shenandoah River, Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River.. a50
INORPBEMOrkeese nse sense sacceeces 300 Reedsburg, Mirror Lake......-.....- 400
New Market, Shenandoah River, Rice Lake, Hemlock Lake... .-...... 600
North Fork......2...-.+++ Sercbote 150 Cazenovia Mill Pond...... Wie peds a
Olinger, Slemp Pond...............- 150 Richland Centre, Neptune Mill Pond 75
Burdy, Batte: spond so2s4-- seen 150 Postel Dakessss-cckate stance 75
Rectortown, Rawlings’s pond..-..... 600 “Rodolph Mill Pond’; -2:22-222222 22 75
Richmond, Bryan Park Pond....... 600 Sextonville Mill Pond.....-....... 75
Club Rondisss: -22: Dr See 600 Schultz Spur, Lake Ackerman. ..... 300
Shields Wakes 3os5 ese eee eee ke 600 Stone Lake, Snag Lake.............. 100
Woodlawn Park Lake............. 150 Superior, Amnicon Lake............ 300
Spencer, McBride’s pond............ 150 Tomahawk, Bass Lake............-- 100
Stuart, Akers’s pond:.........1.2: ae: 150 Road Lakettcoarssscrsit see eee 100
Suffolk, Lake Cahoon..... os Sevdntatee ee 750 Round Wakes: 225 25> -2 ea ad 300
West Virginia: Somo' Laket cise sone ese ce ee eee : 100
Berkeley Springs, Johnson’s mill Somo Riverseiss (32525 ie ee 100
MON... jcgasadcsededseaacss saoeee 300 Spirit Lake asso so eee 100
Charleston, Blue Creek.............- 300 Swamp bake... ee ee 100
Blk RiVeRssa2acceoacccss soso dee 600 Tomahawk River........-....-... 100
Williamson, Big Sandy River, Tug Wisconsin: Bivens -2 2225222 tae 100
OTK. odetcccedesasecaseeneccnacne 300 Wausau, Brokaw Pond...........-.- 50
Wisconsin: Eau Claire River.....-.. = 50
Alma, State fish commission. ....... 1, 200 Gilmore Creek......... 75
Amery, Pike Lake.................- 400 Lake Mayflower. 100
Bay City, Mississippi River......... a 565 Lake Wausau... ms 75
Brokaw, Wisconsin River........... 500 Rib River........ = 50
Centuria, Deer Lake................ 300 Silver Creek=-s 2 cse.e.ce oe ae 50
Donaldson, Anderson Lake......... 50 Wisconsin River..........-. ob 50
Big Portage Lake 100 Woodyard, Mississippi River........ 214,000
Deer Take) oo 52-scass5 beef: i 50 Wyalusing, Mississippi River... .... aQ
DonahuewMakes 2.22 1 50 ——————
GO0SE LAKO sens ceeeestsesces 50 MotalOezssesecsecssio225s2Cee 2,905, 812
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
b Exclusive of 6,250 lost in transit,
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 51
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Alabama: Alabama—Continued.
Abbeville, Abbey Creek........----- 1,050 Monroe, Blat Creek ..2...i2.. schon 400
Choctawhatchee River............ 1, 400 Tako pares ts oo sccus woe asses cee 1,600
(Coldtiakets.asscuee eee 700 Limestone Creek................-- 300
Hutto's'ponds. 2.2 os eae 700 Little Mill Creek.................. 400
AdasBell?s.pondtt.eehees eee 1, 500 Mineral Branch occ cleocacoseen 400
Alexander City, Herzfeld’s pond... - +1, 000 RANGOMICNORIG: ie ueeooececescte—ot 150
Anniston, Allen Pond ...........-.. 3,000 DlIAUeHteWSPOUMssececucescesonwee 300
Mrancis. MillyPond'o...e seek ee 4,000 Montgomery, Candler’s pond........ +2, 000
Moyd/siponds as ee Ae 3, 000 Cobbs Ford Lake. ...............- 74, 000
Bayou La Batre, Little River....... 2, 400 aC reekeeeene eeerecse sade aces +3, 000
Bear Creek, Liberty Pond........-.. 100 Mull Creelcialkkerce. vo cceccscea seas +3, 000
Belle Mina, Walton Pond........-.. $2, 000 BamplessP ond. Soca s-so- scene +2, 000
Birmingham, East Giles Pond...... 70 Murphys Siding, Johnston’s mill
OLOnaNE ONG fois. atrccr cree eet 80 pondee space Le eee eee 1,400
bakesburd yore oe soe eae ores Ss +5, 000 EXCH Oya 2) ct hae ee ee | 1,050
Silver\Wakecssstee.. te eee ee 1,000 Spring iWiakes-22 succes eon eee 1,050
Brockton, Sawyer Mill Pond........ 1, 750 Oneonta, Little Warrior River....... 3,000
G@alcis) KellysiCreck..2.229- 08 URI 2, 500 Paint Rock, Paint Rock River...... +4, 000
Capps, Choctawhatchee River....... 1, 050 Panola, Lake Holahe: 23222... 20. 73,000
Pine Log Lake..........-- eee 1,050 Pelham, Palmetto Mill Lake........ +4, 000
Carpenter, Hunnicut Creek-.---...... 200 Pine Apple, Welch’s pond.......... 200
Castleberry, Etheridge’s pond......- +8, 000 Pine Hill, Baggett’s pond........... 71,000
Centerville, Cahaba River........... 300 phe mield/S onde s sae soncosee nee 73, 000
Chickasaw, Chickasaw Creek.-...... 1, 500 Piper, Alligator Creek Pond......... +4, 000
Hight Mile. Creek. .2..00209-03800 4 1,500 Browlmsipondes. ce Recwosecee eee 50
Greenwood Bayou.......-.-.-:-.- 1,500 TslandiHKord) Bond seas. Se ieseee ee +3, 000
SHewB ay0us sae eae 1, 500 McGuineiCreck:s. soo sete ete ceeeee 75
Clanton, Mims’s pond............... $2, 000 Six MileiCreeksss- Jessa soo sees $3, 000
Coleanor, Alligator Creek............ 55 Prattville, Cotton Mill Pond.......-. 225
Little Cahaba River............... 440 Ragland, Trout Creek............... 600
Shoall Creeks Sok 955 Se ee 90 Ramer, Holmes’s pond.............. 1,050
Six Milo. Creekes... see net 200 iReiorm | Gun bondeeseaee concent +1, 000
Comer, Conikee Creek............-.- 1, 500 Speed7sipond ae cee eee eee 1,000
Courtland, Big Nance Creek......... +3, 000 Riderwood, Lake Carezel............ $3,000
Swoope Pond..........-- ayiek +2, 000 Russellville, Lake Gayley..........- 73,000
Cuba yJdones Pond 2s) Sass esse 50 Sellers, Huffman’s pond............-. 300
Wilson’s pond ss sco F-Bea essa! +2, 000 Selma, Brickyard Pond............. +2, 000
Cullman, Eight Mile Creek.......... 73, 000 Burn Brac, Bond sacossauccs ese eee 73, 000
Decatur, Dobbin Pond.............. 500 TUK ser ger aoctocrectvocee tetee 72,000
Dunavant, Lake Leora.............- 3, 000 Hunters. Pond sa scsecsucmcosecute 72,000
Epes, Hawkins Pond............... 1, 000 Tones (Creek. me cess cwaide eee cece eee 120
Fayette, Lindsey Mill Pond......... 135 OsaksRond tees eer ens asen oxen ane +4, 000
Wallace Mill Pond.........-...... 180 Snowdoun, Davis’s pond..........-.- , 000
Florala, Lake Jackson............... 1, 400 Snow Hill, Speir’s pond............. 300
Parker Pond ac.toe ses ostee con 700 || Speigner, Speigner Mill Pond........ $5,000
Fort Payne, Town Creek............ 4,000 Sprague, Norman’s pond............ 900
Fowl River, Fowl River..........%. 150 | Spruce Pine, Smith’s lake........... 200
Geneva, Hand’s mill pond.......... 1, 400 Sulligent, Priddy’s lake............-. 20
Gurley, Flint River................- +3, 000 Sweetwater, Horse Creek............ +6, 000
Hackleburg, Tyra’s pond............ 50 Shell Crone = os Stkeeee a as ae $3,000
Headland, Blue Pond............... 1,050 Sweetwater Creek................- 565
DD stvisseondatac.cce eet ebook 1,050 Tanner, Peck’s pond..............-. 100
Helena, Buck Creek................. 1,800 Troy, Boatner’s pond............... 700
Huntsville, Broham Lake........... 200 Boswell’s;pond 2s Meee t sae settee. 1,050
Rint Rivera2t5--osss ee) Sea 2,000 Henderson?s pondeeise2csaeceee eee 1,400
Ida, Coosa River Lake.............. 20 Tuscumbia, Big Nance Creek. ...... 240
Kelleyton, Corley’s pond............ 4,000 Tyson, Streely Place Pond.......... 73,000
Socopatoy Creek... ..02..0...-22022 3,000 | niontown, Coffee Creek...........- 130
Kushla, Chickasaw Bogue Creek... . 1, 200 Vance, Vance Pond ’...-- 522 coco. ec 1,500
Lapine, Russell’s pond.............. 600 ae Springs, Massey Lake. ...... 1,000
Letohatchee, Caffey’s pond.......... 500 Welch, Chicksanoxsee Pond......... 1,000
McLean’ Ss DONG croscaus seek seek 1,000 Wetumpka, Weoka Creek..........- +7, 000
Willisims hakecsscenoese ts! 5.02 aes 1,500 Whistler, Chickasabougue Creek..... 1,500
Lineville, Smith’s lake.............. 750 Winfield, Pearce Mill Pond. ........ 900
Loxley, Corn Branch................ $3,000 Werworth.Pond. ja eceetet up beae 20
Luverne, Kendrick’s pond.........-. 4,000 Woodstock, East Giles Lake........ 2,000
UTS PONG 405 Se Oe ae eee 42,000 Houston dN Saat ee eT ee 1,500
Madison, Bronaugh Pond........... 74,000 || Arizona:
Mobile, Alligator Creek.............- 2,000 Bowie, Lyday’s pond.............-. 150
Big Rites 5 ins had SO eee ED 900 || Flagstaff, Mormon Lake............ 200
Dog River, Eslora Prong.......... 2,000 Globe, Roosevelt Lake.............. 1,950
Dog River, Halls Prong........... 2,000 Holbrook, Ortega Lake............. 120
Lake Hurieosco............-..-.-- 500 | Woodrufi Pond 225s ele 120
Little Deer River................. 2,000 Tucson, Amado’s pond.............. 150
Babbit Crook. 6s2i8o 9 Maree 2,000 Vail, La Cienega Ranch Pond....... 150
Springibakes nece ies scr s eee 225 Williams, Coleman Lake............ 280
Three Mile Credle... .o55. 03. 526 Soe 225 || Arkansas:
Monroe, Bohannon Mill Creek....:.. +2, 000 Alma Big Clear Creekcs.. 2.52 2.50555 150
Brushy Creek. . soShse ae Sees i cee 150 Arkadelp ia, Ouaxhita River....... 210
or
bo
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition.
A
rkansas—Continued.
Ashdown, Blue Hole Lake..........
Black Rock, Black River. ..........
Bradford, White Lake..............
Browns Lake, Black River..........
Crossett, North Lake............ Eee
Edgemont, Red River, South Fork.
Gilbert, Bear Creek.............-.2
Buffalo Hiver:sosces cose sce kee
Tomahawk ‘Creek........ 2.222.002
Greenwood, Vache Grasse Creek. - ..
Vineyard i Cresks ©. -...sassseJo0e8
Gurdon, Willow Dell Lake..........
Hardy, Forty Island Creek..........
South Fork River.................
Spring Riveies . eesassecsscet eee
Harrison, Crooked Creek...........-
Little Buffalo Creek...............
Hope, Wilson’s pond...............-
Jefferson, Big Pasture Pond.........
Spring Pond! 7553-5 eae cea) ee
Joiner, Shawnee Lake..............-
Leslie, Little Red River............-
duone Creek. /-) eran cae ssseeee See
Mill Creek.c2= = | Aaa
Payton Creeks oases eeeee
Little Rock, Spring Lake. -.........
Marison Black River 2 eos sccenenaee
Mulberry, Big Mulberry Creek......
Pine Bluff, Fluker Lake...........-.
Hurricane Creek. -.....ccccecesec-
McAllister Pond 5-2 Sseheeeese ee
Rumley, Little Red River.........-
Shirley, Weaver Creek........-.-.2-
Stamps, Bodcaw Creek............-.
Stamps Lake..2 pasate eee eae
Texarkana, Club Lake..............
KMifin Spon -s2.-aseeeeeeeeeee
Reeves akeve. Sie. exer aes
Spring Wake... seals ee ae
Willow, Lake:a2: seco 0 seb taacee
Waldo, Jackson Pond...............
Colorado:
Connecticut:
D
Boulder, HyEtene MakOcnsosteeeencd
Maxwell Lake........
Ni Wot Lake. .....
Younglove Lake...
Denver, Windermere Lake.
Eastonville, Ayer’s pond...
Grand Junction, Ternahan Lake.
Lamar, Two Butte Lake.........
Las Animas, Horse Creek Lake
Littleton, Wyldermere Lake...
Longs Spur, Murray Lake..
Louviers, Louviers Lake.
Loveland, Mariana Lake.
Nutch Lake..........
Miramonte, Carter Lak
Pueblo, Teller Lake.....
seeweee
East Haddam, Joshua Pond.
Meriden, Quannipaug Lake...
West (Pond! 33. eee
Still River, Emerald Lake- . . :
Winsted, Farmington River. -. 3
Laurel Heath Lake. .............-
elaware:
Kirkwood, Lump Pond.............
Lincoln City, Cedar Creek Pond....
Middletown, Noxontown Pond. ....
Wilmington, Folly Woods Pond....
Florida:
Cottondale, Cole Pond..............
ee Springs, Brown Branch
‘on
Lake Haniiltoninest% scdelersinn on ode
Number.
Disposition.
Florida—Continued.
Orlando, Lake Ivanhoe....-.........
Paxton, Brown Branch Pond.......
Pensacola, Querarity Lake..........
Quincy, Bruce’s pond
River Junction, Mosquito Creek... .-
Sebring, Hares Lake...............-
Springside, Silver Lake....-......-..-
Sorrento, LakmRutn.-_..'4o oe
Sutherland, St. George Lake.......-.
Tyler, Fielding Farm Lake..........
Windemere, Lake Butler............
‘Winter Haven, Lake Martha. ......-
Dake Silver..fssoe. ccs seeees ee
Suring’s pond 2225-22 2s2-2-cceeeeee
Georgia:
Aobeville, Poor Robin Lake........
Acworth, City Reservoir...........-
Adel, Futch Mill Creek..............
Andersonville, Aycock’s pond.......
Athens, Lakeside Lake...-..........
Lyons Pond
‘Waterworks Pond................-
Atlanta, Brookhaven Lake..........
Capital City Club Lake............
Howard Mill Pond
Augusta, Spout Creek Pond.........
Bainbridge, Lake Douglas...........
Blairsville, Butternut Creek........-
Bowman, Beaverdam Creek........-
Cairo, Akridge’s pond..............-
Canon, Meadowview Bass Pond.....
Chula, Whiddon’s pond............-
Clermont, Chestatee Lake.........-.-
Cordele, Brady’s pond.............-
Cornelia, Nancytown Creek.......-.
Covena, Phillips spond). -- ese sas
Covington, Sprindale Pond..........
Cuthbert, Harris Pond.........-.-.-
Tripps Pond?! -_. skeet eee
Dexter, Malane’s pond.........--..-
Ellijay, Rodgers’s pond.............
Fort Valley, Myrtle Pond...........
Good Hope, South Lake...........-
Greensboro, Beaverdam Pond.......
Hartwell, Big Cedar Creek...-......
Cleveland’s pond................--
Savannah River........... sependes,
Hawkinsville, Fountain’s mill pond.
Heardmont, Savannah River........
Hogansville, Lazylands Lake........
Lakemont, Lake Rabun..........-.
Lavonia, Roberts’s pond te canes
Leary, Lake Marcelia .....
Lexington, Long Creek....
Lookout Lake, Lookout Lake.
Lumpkin, Clear Pohd.........
Geeslin’s pond............
idGy’s poude eat eseee
Worthington Pond........
McDonough, South River...
Macon, Easterland Lake....
Nelson Mill Pond.......
Riggins Mill Pond.......
Madison, Barnett’s pond...
PoplariPond so. > sss scene
Marietta, Golf Club Lake....
Mauk, Montgomer ’s pond....
Maysville, Holland’s pond...... :
Montezuma, Lewis Mill Pond.......
Travelers Rest Pond
nett teem ewww eee ene
Perry, 5
Plains, Kidds Mill Pond............
Quitman, Fernside Lake............
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
ROO eR OO Hen
or _oOoo -O
S8SSSSESS8
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
53
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition. Number.
Georgia—Continued.
Guan. Okopilco Creek ......-.-.- 1,050
Spence Lake............---------- 1,050
Raymond Lake........ pnteam= cascode 5,000
Reidsville, Pounding Mill Lake..... 1,050
Reynolds, Horse Creek Pond........ 4,000
Robinson, North River....-...-.--- 4,000
Rock Mart, Blue Pond............-- 400
Harms Pond. . 025. j.caaereassse== 2,000
Rutledge, Rocky Creek Pond....... 1,000
Sandersville, Gladdin’s pond........ 4,000
Savannah, Greenwich Lake......... 1,050
Soperton, Courson’s pond..-......-- 300
Thompson’s pond........-.-.----- 700
Sparta, Bryan Pond......-....----- 2,000
Statesboro, Beasly Mill Pond.......- 300
Temple, Little Tallapoosa River ...- 7,000
Tifton, New River Pond............ 1,050
Trion, Chatooga Pond..........-.-.- 3,750
Tusculum, Kamataska Pond........ 1, 400
Valdosta, Long IPOnG a eeteeaee ste eae 1,050
Shadow Lake.........-.---------- 1,750
Sunshine Lake... 2... .cccceeenc--s 1, 750
Wisenbaker’s pond...-... LSERBSHRS 1,400
Welch, Brasstown Creek.........-.- 1,600
Wellston, Sandy Run Pond......... 4,090
Winchester, Felton Mill Pond....... 1, 100
Woodbury, Powers-Sims Pond....- 3,000
Wray, Harper’s pond..........-...- 1,000
Tlinois:
Anna, Hess Lake...........--------- 30
Ashley, St. Francis Lake.......-...- 45
Belvidere, Coon Creek........-----.- 295
Kishwaukee River.......--------- 750
Blanding, Mississippi River........- a 3,170
Carbondale, Thompson Lake.......- "5
Carrollton, Minnow Lake...........- 300
Walnut Hall Lake.............-.. 450
Colona, Hennepin Canal....-.......- 900
DuQuoin, Lake Rutledge .......... 60
Franklin, Burlington Lake.......... 300
Freeport, Waters of Mlinois.-.-...... 825
Galena Junction, Mississippi River. -. a 8,180
Galesburg, Lake Rice..-.........-.- 450
Grays Lake, Druse Lake...........- 525
Hannibal, Sni RiVeP...---seecceees- 450
Hanover, Mississippi River.......... a 3,660
Irving, Wilson’s pond........-...- Ss: 200
Joliet, Hickory Creek...........-...- 300
Kankakee, Kankakee River......... 600
Laclede, Lloyd’s pond.............. 30
Lake Forest, Kelley’s pond....-.... 300
Lake Villa, Deep Lakessssc.stelsasus 300
Lake Zurich, Lake Zurich..-.......- 300
Lanark, Carroll Creek..............- 225
Meredosia, Illinois River............ a 326
Mooseheart, Moose Lake............ 950
Moro, Rockbridge Lake............- 200
Naperville, DuPage River, West
(oti 1 Seen Se Se oe eee 156
North Quarry Pond..-............ 78
West. Quarry: Pond:..- 20 5522..323- 156
New Boston, Sere River...... @ 26, 286
Oakland, Embarrass River.......... 12
Olney, City akes cosscedet ses Odes 75
Peoria, Show Lake. ............ 8 200
Pleasant Hill, Emmert Lake........ 300
Tow Head Lake....-...... 300
Wolo,. Pine Creeki-2". } = 255522 600
Sesser, Keller Lake............--..- 60
Sparta, Country Club Lake......... 75
esas Reiger’s pond.......2..: 200
Thornton, Thornton Lake.......... 170
Tonti, Cottonwood Lake............ 45
avidson’s pondste. 31322 39322) 22 15
Waltonville, C, B. & Q. Pond...... 60
Wilmington, Kankakee River....... 600
Indiana:
Angola, Crooked Lake.............. 180
OX Lake.c) 2.5 e ee 180 |
Disposition. Number.
Indiana—Continued.
Beeson Station, Beeson Pond....... 160
Bicknell, See pond... asa 140
Bluffton, Wabash River............ 265
Borden, Blue River, Mutton Fork... 300
Brazil, Sewer Pipe Mond 2 oes 70
Cedar Lake, Cedar Lake............ 160
Columbus, Flat Rock River......... 500
Danville, Big Raccoon Creek........ 225
Edinburg, Sugar Creek............-- 210
Fairland, Sugar Creek............... 210
Greenfield, Brandywine Creek. . .... 120
Huntingburg, Waterworks Lake... 500
Indianapolis, White River.......... 160
Jeffersonville, Eagle Lake..........- 500
Kewanna, Collins’s pond...........- 60
Lake Maxinkuckee................ 240
Leesburg, Tippecanoe Lake......_.. 72
Liberty, Whitewater River, East
HOR bs oy Eee kn tie fc ON 40
Manilla, Little Blue River.......... 210
Michigan City, Clear Lake.......... 180
Fish Dake 22 uci ke eee 180
Saguney Wakes eee. Ser es 180
eek :2-k verses emus ea Sd 180
Valls MiliRond See eee ee 180
Mill Creek, Fish Lake...........-... 240
New Albany, creeks of Floyd County 650
Orleans, Hudleson’s pond........... 100
Pierceton, Barber Lake............. 80
Webster ake tick. ite ts. eet) 120
Sent Crystal Ponds ae 100
Rome City, Lower Lake............ 180
Sylvan Pakewse ies inet ec ee 300
Saratoga, Shaw Lake............... 8
Sellersburg, Belknap Lake.......... 1,000
Shelbyville, Flat Rock River....... 210
Star City, Tippecanoe River sss*2e 2 120
Sullivan, Union Pond............... 210
Summitville, McLain’s pond.....-- 75
Roseboom’s pond................. 75
Valparaiso, Wahob Lake............ 180
Veedersburg, Coal Creek............ 225
Nelson’sipondSsc: 2222524 22252222: 150
Vincennes, Wabash Lake........... 210
Wilder, Kankakee River............ 120
Williamsburg, Greensfork Creek... .. 225
Worthington, Eel River............ 400
White\Rivers22-. 222: 400
Towa:
Anamosa, Wapsipinicon River...... 100
Bellevue, one Ue RIVEE2 o25 25 nos a 50, 870
Blanchard, Crystal Lake............ 100
Burlington, West Burlington Pond . 240
Clear Lake, Clear Lake.............. 800
Cresco, Iowa River............-.---- 3, 600
Turkey Riverseisctsisese sie ee tet 3, 600
Decorah, Upper Iowa River......... 300
Dewitt, Spring Brook Lake......... 160
Emmetsburg, Medium Lake........ 500
Exira, Nishnabotna River.......... 400
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... a 12,097
Garden City Muscatine Creek...... 120
VWails:\ Creeks 55 2.2532 2 ee! 120
Greene, Shell Rock River..........- 200
Green Island Mississippi River..... a 350
Guttenburg, seein Us River-i2e2) a 500
Hazleton, Otter Creek............... 80
umeston, Waterworks Pond....... 120
Iowa Falls, Iowa River............. 660
Lenox, Lenox Lake-3255 220 2: 300
Manchester, Maquoketa River...... 540
Mason Citv, Clear Lake............. 500
Lime) Creeksssel eg PN ee 500
Ottumwa, Lake Loch Burn......... 240
Perry, Raccoon River............... 12,000
Pleasant Creek, Mississippi River... a 100
Quarry, Iowa River................- 240
any Magill, Mississippi River... .... a 350
Udell, Jones’s pond... 2... ..-...2...- 60
Walford, Knapp Pond.............- 80
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
54
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918,
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition.
Kansas:
Ellis; Saline Riversaeee-eosse-e-=2 < -
Fort Scott, Sheeler Lake............
Jetmore, Pawnee River..........---
Olathe, Country Club Lake.........
Topeka wymmreeks-e. soce see a
Missiomiereekso--ps-sense- tate. ae
Kentucky:
Banklick, Summit Lake...-......-.
Bowling Green, Briggs’s pond.....-.-
Chelf’s pond
Garvinis Ponds anse2 cee eee ae
Goodrinis pond ces. fasccese yee
Higrrisestpond eee eeces ose seers e
Hendrick’s pond (A)........-.----
Hendmekss pond (Cb) ses ssaces ate =
Jenkin’s pond.......-.
Kister’s pond. .
Logan’s pond. .
Mitchell’s pond. -
Cadiz, Little River........
Covington, Elmhurst Lake 3
Danville, Stout’s DONG SA veh sse Se
Elkhorn City, Big Sandy River,
Russell Fork xf
Erlanger, Culbertson’s pond... .
Fords Branch, Big Sandy Rive
Franklin, Dixon’s pond..
Drakes Creek. 22-2 ste aec cose bate
Drakes Creek, Middle Fork... -.-..
Edwards Pond<: =: sate essence ens
ReGIRIVer <c a see is oes eee rae
Fredonia, Bailey’s pond............
Barn Pield*Pond..- sass:-ee ase
iBiitler7s pond sass2 02225 seemes tees
Clift’s pond )-- 25252 23-63 ech eees a
Hactony ot Pond sesa- eee seer
Neel Pond). <2 ose8 sa5 scene ceeeem ae
Oliver’s
Satterfield’s pond................-
Wilson! Pond ise: season 3~ 2222
Georgetown, Elkhorn Creek. ........
alls pond'(A) 2 sctae sss sake
TRIS POTS) bee seekers cisciae ac
Halls pond (C) ess sence ee see
Glasgow, Skeegs Pond.............-
Greenup, Little Sandy River.....-.
Tygart Rivets 222 cc: c2e ences as
Hopkinsville, Glass’s pond..........
bake Nandy) sa... soso. saesese eee
hittle Riverseos see os sos aeons
Lancaster, Bratton’s pond..........
Lawrenceburg, Dowling Lake.......
John Lake... ... .wesste sockegewee
Eake Cartinhoura.te:: sosenesso eee
Lake Mary Elizabeth............-.
Teatherspondecscsssccwsees seaaer
Lebanon, Bottoms Pond............
Buckhorn Creekce sscesscs~csascee
Clear'Creek 2c heas ac dsenieotoeed. ake
Mndiani@reek. =. . <== esse = oes oe
Johnnies Mork Crock: ostaciasee 2 see ~n
Medlock’ Creek. ai. oc cnectee weenie
North Pork Creek: 2.2 - 2222-6 een
Pittman 'Creék.5 ee sense eee= oe
Pottinger Creek... ostcct renee. oe
Rolling Fork Creek... -.------25-«
Salt River, Beech Fork...........
South Fork Creek......--....-.--.
Waterworks Lake..............-.-
Lexington, Waterworks Lake.......
Louisville, Bernheim’s pond......-.
Nicholasville, Clifton Pond..........
HMooverhursy PON .. eass% woe -%
Number.
Disposition.
Kentucky—Continued.
Paducah, Wallace Park Lake..-.....
Pewee Valley, Blue Lake.........-.
Pikeville, Big Sandy River-....-..--
Big Sandy River, Levisa Fork...
Johns Creeks i 2. oes cesses ceees
Rowlett, Green River....-...-------
Samuels, Sherman’s pond.........--
Shelbyville, Lake of the Maples. -.--
Ravenwood fonds. -5--- 2 ee sse
South Park, South Park Lake....--
Springfield, Forest Hill Lake....-.--
Stanton, Hall’s ONG? cose ee ee
Louisiana:
Abita Springs, Morgan’s pond...-.--
Baton Rouge, Amite River.......--
Mississippi" River:-.22-----+-2-2-e
University Makes = 2555522) sae
Bayou Sara, Hereford Lake.......-.
Bernice, Johnson’s pond.......-.---
Cade, Boudreaux’s pond.....-..-----
Pharr’s pond sess an eee
Church Point, Latiolois’s pond. ..-.--
Clinton, Clear Creek..........:.-..--
Leesville, L’Anacoco Bayou..-..----
Natchitoches, Cane River Lake.
New Orleans, City Park Lake. .
Opelousas, Caldwell’s pond...
Orange, Conway’s Bayou.
Rayville, Clear Lake...---
Stonewall, Moseley’s pond
Winnfield, Lake Joyce. .
Zona, Sanford’s pond..... -
Maine: Poland, Lake Tripp.......-.--
Maryland:
Baltimore, Deep Creek.........-----
Charlotte Hall, Lillie Pond.......-.-
Cowenton, Fox Brook.......-.---.--
Cumberland, Evits Creek........---
Fifteen Mile Creek.....-...-.-----
Potomac Riveriess-ssi5:2-s2tes- ee
Potomac River, North Branch...-.
Town Creeks ssi22222se008 iss 280-2
Wills Creek2--20) 162222 Bee
Easton,
Eccleston, Cave Pond........-..----
Elkton, Back Creek Mill Pond...-.-
Ellicott City, Dorsey Run........-.-
Little Patuxent River...........-
Hughesville,
Owings Mills, Red Run..........---
Passadena Station, Woole’s pond...
Port Deposit, Herring Run, tribu-
taries Of... esas pSdee sees Bee
Preston, Beulah Mill Pond..-.-..-..--
Fowler Creek Pond......-....--.-
Woodbine,
Massachusetts:
Falmouth, Maier Pond............--
Marblehead, Oliver’s pond........-.-
State Line, Sandisfield Lake......-.-
Michigan:
Alpena, Long Lake........-....----
Ann Harbor, Three Sisters Lake,
Middle nc 22. 62-2: cscs Shesieeee
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
Number.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition.
Michigan—Continued.
Crystal Falls, Dawson Lake.......--
Hortune Lake sss: =2) 252 {525522
Glidden-Lake oor 2<- S362 520.
Haver Lake ..:tos ets eo se S3-0-88
Heart) Lake. 2950s SASS sk ot
Delaware, Bete Gris Bayou........-
Gratiot bakers: 552. 528 ee oe
Maca elle.cs..J sacs osotasaees
ake Upson: sees ea ae
Tron River, Indian Lake............
WakeybliTOen: socaoc ei nase ete ee
Tshpeming, Birch Hill Lake.........
Jackson, Browns Lake.....-.-......
Grassinker sc. 05c0s) Malthd 08%
Woltluaker <2 5st 8 Larrea:
Keweenaw Bay, Mud Lake.........
Dake Ann, Lake Ann-.8: 2..022.225
Lake Roland, Lake Roland.........
McCollum, McCollum Lake........-
Mandan, Breakfast Lake............
Copper Creek lee ie 2 seS0i ee. ee
1 DY:7y 9] YE :<: eee, fee oars eePan a
BH a yer Wake: Isc seen See alaee
Marquette, Marguanee Lake.........
Pelissier Lakesjs52c3s-c0 20
St. JobnsiLakes.22 495: ee
Metropolitan, Six-Mile Lake.
Michigamme, Gibson Lake. .
Petticoat Lake...........-.
Negaunee, Horseshoe Lake. .
Park Siding, Silver Lake...
Pentoga, Chicagoan Lake.
indian Wakes. 2e.-cecece
Sagola, Mitchell Lake.....
Stager, Big Tobin Lake...
Round Lake...--.......... i
Stagen Lake..-.3-= 932222 eee
Walled Lake, Walled Lake..........
Watersmeet, Lake Marian...........
Witch Lake, Twin Lakes...........
Minnesota:
Big Lake, Secret Lake..............
Fairmont, Amber Lake.............
Sissetan Wake S855. Ses aR
Grand Meadow, Pine Lawn Lake...
Hackensack, Little Whitefish Lake .
Homer, Mississippi River.........--
Kimball, Arrowood Lake...........
La Crosse, Gores BRiversises 3
aks: S55. cut
Sleepy Eye, Big Cottonwood River .
Tamarack, Turtle Lake.............
Mississippi:
Amory, Hatley Pond.......-........
Artesia, Grassmire Pond............
Bay Springs, Brown’s pond.........
Bryant, Stokes’s pond...............
Calyx, Daniel’s Pund. Pes sies
IGreenlakecssecssscs asses ssi23—4
vdesPond 5 ios<seeees. ee st eet
Woodlawn ake. -. 2222722552022
Canton, Alligator Lake..............
Bip Wakers + stass sss ce. soe ee
Blackston’s pond....-.....-.------
Blue Lake.-csss2ss82-. ee
Number. |
100
Disposition.
Mississippi—Continued.
Canton, Ray’s pond ................
Trolio’s: pond? GA). 2.25 Lee
Trolio’s pond (B)............-----
WiCS RONG Sess-40.e 2 2k Fe
Waverly Takess20)
Will Smith Lake...
Wood Lake........
Corinth, Crescent Lak
Nichols Lake.......
Ce valet wistoier= aietptn
Courtland, Lake Charles.............
Durant, Dodd's pond. ---2-/cc0-2-
Ethel, Belk’s pond...
Fayette, Cooper’s pond..............|
Darden’s pond.....
Georgetown, Catching
Gulfport, Bayou Bern
7S POU se. see -|
Tee Shor oe
BilOxP River: cee eee se ee
Guntown, Elk View Lake...........|
1 oe cata aa a
c
Carley’s pond. ..
Hazlehurst, Ellis’s pond
Lake Hazel........--.
Lake Catherine.
Marchetti Lake.
Tally Lake........-
Hernando, Banks’s pon
Holcomb, Staten Pond...
Houston, Houston Pond.
Jackson, Hendricks’s pond
Jones’s ponds...
Williams’s pond
Willow Pond.....
Kosciusko, Bailey Lake...........--
Sunnyside Valley Pond.......-.--
Laurel, Vinson’s pond...........----|
Learned, Gibbes’s pond...........--
Lucedale, Sunset Lake...........-..-.
Lucien, Lofton’s pond............---
Lyman, Day’s Pond .
Maben, Turner’s pond..........--..--
Macon, Bryson Pond.
McHenry take. 2 Se
MeInfoshvake. = eee
Oil Male ond 2aetts 2 yee tet
Patty Lake. ....---
Raney; Pond s=2-27 s9e eee <br
Scott Lake.........
Mayhew, Finklea Pond..........-.-
aiths Reese Pond.
McCollum’s pond...
Warren Pond......
Meridian, Reed Breakwater Pond...
Wagner Pond......
Muldrow, Muldrow Pond...-......-.-.
Neshoba, Livingston’s pond......-..-
Newton, Doolittle’s pond...........-
Okolona, Lake Carrie
Oxford, Hudleton Pond.............
Pass Christian, Arcadian Bayou.....
Patterson, Beautiful Pond........-.
Pheba, Jordan’s pond
Prentiss, Herron’s pond........-.-.--
Raymond, Newman’s pond.....-..-!
Richton, Smith’s pon:
EREy, Jefferies Pond
ancy’s pond......
Millert 2 235)
@ Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
Number.
56
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition.
Mississippi—Continued.
Shuqualak, Whitfield Pond.......-.
Silver City, Atchafalaya Bayou. - ...
Bish Takes. .cosaeetreseseeenacae<
Utica, Lake John Sharp Williams...
Vaiden, Rural Glade Pond......-.--
Vardaman, Inmon’s pond....-...-.--
Waynesboro, Easterling’s pond.....-
Taimestoney Ponds =. one~<- soca amnne
MTatiimS JP ONGeeeee- perennial
Wenasoga, Hammon’s pond......---
West, Maple Leaf Lake...........---
Woodland, Bermuda Pond....-...-..
ake. Maurice. oso. <eeeere- terete
SISSONSS POO. -chec-- ers -eeeee aa
Yazoo City, Open Lake. ..-...------
Missouri:
Baring, Santa Fe Lake. ......-...-.-
Birch Tree, Current River, Jacks
OPKe Aso conwen san eee ee eeter=|-
Chula, Medicine Creek........-------
Clayton, Chaminade Lake....-..-.--
IOP ANTS PONG Ss. so. 1-,- << mein aaa
Columbia, Adenhill Lake.-..-.-..---
Gordon bakes-se-------4-c-- 52
Grindstone Creek.
Johnson’s pond.
Perche River.....--
DeSoto, Murphy Lake.......-.-
Excelsior Springs, Crescent Lak
Wale7s pond s22---s2---e ef
Gilliam, Alton Slater Lake
Waterworks Pond........----
Higginsville, Confederate Ponds....-
High Hill, Wabash Lake......-...--
Independence, Swinney’s pond.....-
WiOodSilakGses..-sen-e- aaeeeee =a er
Tronton, Lake Killarney......-------
Joplin, Coalbrook Lake......--------
Jones Creek
Pleasant Hill, Baldwin Lake........
Rocheport, Maniteau Creek........-
Rolla, Big Piney River......-...--.-
St. Clair, Hagebusch’s pond.........
St. Louis, Ackerman’s pond.......-.
Shelbina, Salt River............--..-
Washington, Busch’s pond.....-.-.-
Montana:
Cascade, Squaw Lake.............--
Malta, Horseshoe Lake......--.---+-
Wilson’s DON esses see seen eae
Miles City, Yellowstone River.......
Plentywood, Brush Lake...........-
Nebraska:
Willows Ponds cpesece src= scenes ans
Number.
Disposition. Number.
New Hampshire: Chesham, Russell’s
pond... 3c 5S. b cae eee Ee 60
New Jersey:
Burlington, Delaware River.......-.- 4
Chatsworth, Reeves Branch......... 4
Crawford, Bloodgood Pond...-.-..--. 80
Rahway Rivet2.-2-----2-6 s45-e0e= 80
Gibbstown, Third Ditch Creek...-.. 20
Hackettstown, State fish commis-
SION 32a sce sateen sees 200
Mountain Lake, Hillcrest Lake...... 160
Mountain Lakes..........-------- 120
‘Wildwood’ Lake-25 5.2... =. ....-.qes2he- 120
Newfoundland, Green Pond.......-- 120
Oakland, Ramapo Lake.......-..... 120
Penns Grove, Layton Lake.......-.- 10
Phillipsburg, Delaware River....... 160
Salem, Woodmere Camp Lake...... 20
South Dennis, Beaverdam Pond.... 8
Westwood, Adjistina Lake.......... 40
New Mexico:
Clayton, Eklund’s pond...........-- 120
Pawley: Ponds: 22 2284-0 ers Sees. 120
Des Moines, Corrumpa Creek......-- 120
Engle, Lake B, M. Hall...........-- 200
Kenna, Jones’s pond....-...-.--.--- 75
Maxwell, Holkeo Creek.--......-.-- 80
Onava, Deep Lakes: f.4 ett 120
ba Jara Pakew. 22s. s-2 sae ne 120
Lower Armstrong Lake........... 80
Tip! Lake. cette a eas ee 80
Roswell, Mule Shoe Lake. ........-- 75
Springer, Village Storage Lake. ..... 80
New York:
Cambridge, Hedges Lake...........- 225
Cattaraugus, Conewango Creek. ...-. 450
Spring: Pondeiee cece. oe. seeee 150
Clayton, St. Lawrence River.......- 600
Collins, Hospital Pond siz! 55a 300
Conewango, Conewango Creek.....-- 450
Elmira, Chemung River... -..-.....--- 375
Fishkill, Brinckerhoff Pond... 2 60
Fulton, Paddy Lake....-. 750
Goshen, Sunnydale Lake.... 30
Gouverneur, Pleasant Lake... 450
Holley, Beebe’s pond che S3e 150
Kennedy, Conewango Creek....-. 450
Lake Mahopac, Kirk Lake...... te 30
Livingston Manor, Hunter Lake... - 150
Lockport, Tonawanda Creek........ 750
Locust Valley, Factory Pond. ...... 120
Lyons, Canandaigua Creek.......... 300
GanareuaiGreekeis 3-0 ee sshcostee 300
Wimoe baker. lassatas denen 1,050
Newark, Coffey Lake..........-..-. 500
Newburgh, Northview Lake........ 90
Niskayuna, Mohawk River......-.- 375
Oswego, Oswego River.....-..-.---- 600
Palmyra, Barge Canal.........-.-.-- 600
Mid 'Creekty.. see ocd eee eee 100
Red Creek... 25005, ce Ses 5 300
Pine Bush, Hillcrest Pond.........- 30
Port Henry, Lake Champlain....... 375
Richfield, Canadargo Lake.......... 200
Salisbury Center, Cranberry Marsh
Lakes sucats ne seek sos toast 200
Spruce Wake! uc cen hoes eee 500
Salisbury Mills, Ransdell Pond..... 225
‘Water Mill, Lake Nowedma......... 120
North Carolina:
Aulander, Lightwood Knot Mill
PONG. ewes esse aeaeo-ch te +1, 200
eee City, Deep Creek............ 1,500
dkaseigee River.............--- 2,000
Burlington, Bellmont Lake. ........ 800
Big Alamance Pond..............- 800
Richards Mill Pond............... 800
West Piedmont Pond............- 125
Canton, Pigeon River...........---- 3, 500
Cary. Holleman’s PONG =: poise toe 300
Charlotte, Collins’s pond............ 1, 200
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 57
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
North Carolina—Continued. Ohio—Continued.
Clinton, Big Coharie Creek.......... 1,200 Greenfield, Maple Grove Pond...... 100
URRERTINIGo 2 oh ence ete ene eraeetceen 1, 200 Houston, Evergreen Take. . 32 es once 100
Concord, Crowell’s pond...........- 1,500 Lancaster, Crook’s pond. ........... 100
Richio tbondse aw et eee ae 1,000 Lemert, Sycamore Creek..........-- 225
Edenton, Little Creek...........---- 1; ae ee eee Cree cee eae 150
1 ount Oreb ite Oak Creek...... 150
Pembroke Creek.........-------+ { ty 000 Newton Falls, Milton Lake......... 8, 800
Hikins Darmall’Pond. 22h oossnee eo 125 Paulding, Miller Gravel Pond...... 200
Elkton, Smith Mill Pond........... 1, 500 Sugar Factory Pond.............. 200
Fayetteville, Buckhead Pond....... 2,500 Powell, Willow Lake................ 225
WHGtORYy Lue kOe ses nie ns sc stacion 2,000 Salem, Beaver Creek, Middle Fork. . 225
Flat Rock, Highland Lake........-.. 675 Mahoning ivake: sacs s sen. we 225
Greensboro, Shady Dell Pond....... 400 Sylva Brooks s-cossecsses sesseeee 100
Hartford, Skinners Creek............ 71, 500 Swifts, Muskin River: saseqssass 200
High Point, Marsh Branch Pond.... 75 Rin Kine Wake le ooo ees occ... cc 5s 225
Spring Branch Pond.............. 150 Wapakoneta, Dixon Pond. ......... 50
Jacksonville, New River...-........- +1, 200 Waterford, Muskingum River....... 300
Kannapolis, Lee’s pond...........-.- 1,000 Wellington, Waterworks Pond...... 400
Lake Junaluska, Lake Junaluska.... 2,500 West Mansfield, Mill Creek.......... 150
Lexington, Brushy Fork Creek...... 750 WaniCleve,Pond)h ease cn. aee eee 150
Littleton, Warrens Pond............ +1, 200 West Milton, Stillwater River....... 200
Marshville, Williams’s pond......... 1,350 White Sulphur, Lake Bird...... Bese 150
Mayworth, Mays Mill Pond......... 1,300 Woodfield, Little Muskingum River 150
Monroe, Helms’s DONG Sacee ws oceaoe 40 || Oklahoma:
Murphy, Cane Creek. ............... 1,000 Altus? Clay: Lake: 20. 3) 2452 2 562. 130
Hiawassee Wiver= 22s. ccc ese seue 1, 500 Ardmore, Ardmore Lake............ 40
NoiletRiver ese eet oh osserncgcce 1,500 Brushiy Creeks 222s s-0 ue acne 80
iValleye River: < ott. ees soe 1,500 Clty Bakere acc as gectecabalt eas 80
Newport, Lake Oxley..............- 1, 200 Club Pakee sre os) soda. Bent 120
Nort Wilkesboro, Whittington’s Dunlap’s ponds 2 oe ee 40
(11016 Be ga cate Ae ic re aan eee 125 Ilood |Creek=ne s. sce desc seneee eee 40
Oakboro, Running Branch Lake... 600 Lone Grove Lake................- 40
Pisgah Forest Engadine Pond...... 125 Mill Croeks 2.22% so Se eee aa 40
Raleigh, Hood Mill Pond........... 1, 500 Byars Byars bakes. 5-50 ooo. see 80
Red Springs, Browns Lake.......... 1, 500 Cherokee, Adlen\Hake ss) 3.2 ete oe 35
Ridgeway, Hecht’s Pony en ace +600 Cheyenne, Willow Pond............ 430
Rockingham, Marks Creek.......... 2,025 Cordell, OplevTakete -sses ae. 24
SilverRunmibond!)(. ie) Ss. 2,700 Rose's pond! ee eee ee 24
Rutherfordton, Rocky Broad River. ee = She pee pene ee a ae
. . 1,2 og, Fish Hole Creek...............- 00
Selma, LittleRivers>. 23s { 7300 Gage, Buzzard Roost Lake.........- 395
Skeyland= haves pond 3)... ccssences 1,000 BSPUTO Wake oe sce xo cosees se 130
Smithfield, Holts Pond. ............ 1, 500 Spring Wakes eee oe ses os aes be 195
Sylva, Tuckaseigee River........... 2, 500 Goteba, Grigsby’s pond..........-..- 35
Tarboro, Bridgers’s pond ..........-. +900 Grandfield, orters Pond 2s -secee eee 260
Piankel Parka ) pein aoe es: +900 Guthrie, Wiggins Pond............. 40
Nobles Mill Pond..............--- 900 Hillsdale, Cox’s pond..............- 35
BOCKS PONG ss. oe. co sn cakaat eee B00 Hugo) Cat'Of-bake 252 ee 550
PICAT RA MODE Se cuca ee cy Boe +900 Tnola, Scaley Bark Pond............ 50
REOYs Wattle Rivers ses son caee 22 1,000 Kingfisher, Big Kingfisher Lake... 105
Wagram, Shoe Hell Creek Pond..... 100 Kosoma, Miller Lake............--.. 275
Warren Plains, Largo Pond......... 1, 200 Lookeba, Wilson Creek. ...........- 12
Lees Branch Pond..............-. 1, 200 McAlester, Bevo Lake. ............. 150
North Dakota: Lake Talawanda. 2s... i225. 0- 200
Dazey, Ensign Lake. ............... 420 Medford, Falkenberg’s pond........ 24
Marston, Lake Williams... .......... 350 ||. Mooreland, Ruttman Lake.......... 130
Petrel, Lemmon Lake............... 500 Mountain View, Buffalo Creek. ..... 8
St John, Lakes of Rolette County. - 4,060 Cottonwood Creek. ............... a
Ohio: Wisher LAKe:. cSes = he eae 4
AkTONS Bex WakOsi7:-. soe ees 300 Goom-do Creeks... si ose2 2 ccece 8
Alliance, Country Club Lake........ 300 Medicine Creek --2 3522252 cesteet 8
Bridgeport, Deep Run..........-..- 140 Odk Creeks so boc yee 4
Fairpoint 12(cits ER eel Bene sme ae 100 Otter Grebe. . 2455222 soon ees 8
GIGnsiivany Poses ane es esee as - 100 Recan Creeks Ae eo sse ste 8
Wheeling Creek...... eee ase le 2 140 Rainy Mountain Creek...........- 4
Brokaw, Muskingum River......... 200 Saddle Mountain Creek. .......... 4
Caledonia, Whetstone Creek........- 225 Stinking Crock! ss-s- eee 8
“eer aia Waterworks Lake....... 100 SugariCregkt 2.3 3. 5. ee 4
Canton, fee Pani esc 150 Taylor Creek... ac weesneee ae 8
Wintkem Pake.. = .2.- sossesee ee 150 Muskogee, Sondheimer’s pond. ..... 150
Carey, Tymochtee Creek............ 225 Oklahoma City, Belle Isle Lake..... 80
Chillicothe, Paint Creek. ............ 750 Philips Vakew t fost) see sks 12
Paint Creek, North Fork.......... 250 IWaldonGAKke 0s 32h sence 3 40
Cleveland, Bass Lake. .............- 500 Orlando, Johnson’s pond........ =e 40
Creston, Mud Lake.................. 200 Owasso, Owasso Lake..........- = 150
Dayton, Stillwater River............ 200 Pawhuska, Mission Creek 4 100
Earlville, Boettler’s pond........... 300 Perrys Gityilake:.-. fei s+ * 40
Easton, Davidson Lake............. 300 Country Club Lake. ........ bi 40
Galion, Sandusky River............ 300 BoCinstry Dake... 2-2. ss: 08-2. 40
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918,
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition. Number.
Oklahoma—Continued.
Perry, Mullnix*itake Seeee. ene 40
Perry Creeks<2 Soames ak Pak 40
Perry bakes ose ees, Ad 7 40
Pittsburg, Allen Lake............... 50
Pond Creek, Manning Creek......... 70
‘Poteau, Clearittidke:. 2222.2 20s) om) 300
Stalcupiake 7207! Me ee 7 300
Robbins, Illinois River, Barren Fork. 1, 250
Roosevelt, Cooperton Lake.......... 72
Otter Creches see = 5. OE 24
Stigar Creekessiey ont ake Shee rer 24
Stillwater, Parks’s pond...........- 6
eens Valley-Lake =< s2::::2.0..)- 6
Thatchersiponds se 2 a 12
Strong City, Lake George. .......... 130
Spring Creek-Pond_ 2-2 201122: 65
Tulsa, Glenmibakel ee ese 50
Vinita, ClearsWalkes Sioa is yy hee 100
Jones Greele: 25 ets SEs ae 100
Little Cabin Creek. :..:2.......... 100
Mustang Creek ia. 5 soe Susiie af : 50
Paw Paw Creek.......222.... : 50
Rock Creeks Selene ig 200
West Cabin Creek... 100
White Oak Creek. ..... 50
Waurika, Stewart Lake.... ed 18
Welch, Little Cabin Creek. ......... 150
Weatherford, Cedar Creek........... 120
Spring Branche---- 2222-22254. 02 8 120
Woodward, Dripping Spring Run... 65
Hillington Lake-<:<:<2:=2.2.cse0n2 2 65
Fithen Lake. .... 130
Hastings Lake 130
Jones Dake-.: 222222225223 i Sey 65
Kollar’s pond =222. 22222254 Bae 130
Pitt Gake-~22 222325 Ree Te 130
Roundup Pond 52225255224 e 65
Scates-Lbakel- see svi ee... 130
Soring Lake = 2-22.22 .5452 5450 ee 130
Stiller Lake =. - 61222 2-2 BI SCOas & 130
Wyatt Lakes. 2 2324 Ome Ome 130
WyattPond'2iz sis i2ikk-- Be 65
Zahneriake: <2 -22<22:25222. 262s. 65
Yost, Stillwater Lake............... 12
Yost Lakes..5:.:0081 2. et 12
Pennsylvania:
Alderson, Harvey Lake............. 300
Altoona, Juniata River. ............ 4,400
Beaver, Big Beaver Creek....._..... 200
Little Beaver Creek............... 150
Raccoon Greek2-222 1s ee 100
Beaver Falls, Little Beaver Creek. 150
Bellefonte, Bald Eagle Creek....._.. 400
Birdell, Brandywine Creek, West
Branch); 222. S35) Drees 100
Bryn Athyn Station, Pennypack
Peek . 6 Le Rees CoE yer ee Y 375
Cambridge Springs, Edinboro Lake. 12
Canton, Lake Nepahwin............ 900
Carlisle, Conodoguinit Creek. ....... 500
Cessna, Dunning Creek.............. 100
Chadds Ford, Patterson’s pond..... 100
Christiana, Octoraro Creek.......... 1,000
Columbia, Susquehanna River...... 500
Denver, Cocalico Creek.............- 200
Denver Park Ponds i 2s 100
Leeds Rim. ceeck eeesecteee sean 100
Lesher-Raig Pond... ........s-e.- 100
Swamp Creek. .2.6.-22<ben eee 100
Dudley, Siding Hill Creek............. 20
East Berlin, Beaver Creek.......... 250
Conewago Creek........ccccccsscccece 250
Easton, Delaware River............... 400
Everett, Juniata River, Raystown
STAN CHS eee ple yee eee Le 680
Fallen Timber, Slate Run............. 420
Falls, Island Eddy Pond.............. 300
INOrnis Wakes reser st o.Saee sd CL? 200
Susquehanna River................. 300
Swartwood Eddy Pond............. 300
Disposition.
Pennsylvania—Continued.
Franklin, Allegheny River..........
French Creek.
Holidayshure Juniata River........
osensack Creek (Dam
—— Wills Creek........
Johnstown, Dubstalts Pond.
Hinckson Pond
Quemahoning Pond.....
Dptony Creek:<: i 2955 75525"
Lancaster, Conestoga Creek.........-
Bucher dan t12.-8 525-550 os
Conestoga Creek
Hammer Creek
Montrose, Bigsbee Pond.............
Forest daakers.-220c oe ee
Phoenixville, French Creek.........
Pickering Grecksiezss-ct sas engl
Aiken, Franklin’s pond... ..........
Hendrixisipond.s. "2" 2
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition.
South Carolina—Continued.
Bennettsville, David’s pond.....----
Calhoun, Rocky Riverge een oes
Camden, Hermitage Pond........---
Cameron, Fogle Pond............---
Groner Sond snes ee ee ee
Columbia, Goodwill Pond.........--
Florence, Muldrow Mill Pond.......
PecDee: Makes ose eee
Gaffney, Cash’s pond...............-
Gilbert, Black Creek... ..2....-55.--
Weisler/sipondeccseeo cesses cee secs
Greenville, Croft-Stone Lake. ...---.-
Saludaptitviers.-ceee tet ee:
Crampehury, Bdisto River....-......
Fis
Zeiplens pond (A) tees. ee eee
Zeigler’s pond (B)...............--
Pageland, Sand Hill Pond...........
Pickens, Keowee River...... pi erate!
St. Matthews, Warley Creek.........
Sharon, Thomson’s pond...........-
Sumter, Brickyard Ponds..........-
WielissPoridhe: er serene etna
Trenton, Asparagus Pond.........7-
Beaverdam*Pond 2. eee ee 2 ee
Bettis’s. mill pond? . 20262222
IBrOnts hOnd® eee sees soe ee
eonck’sipond 2 552222580 oe.
IMOSs/S mh pond toee. ao aanccee
Union, George Sims Pond
eee Big Branch Pond.........
Walhalla, Whitewater River........
Ward, Watson’s DONG. eee me a
Warrenville, Horse Pen Creek....._.
Wedgefield, Dwight’s pond..........
SINPletGMms PONG .se.sen—et ae
South Dakota:
Blunt, Farmers Lake................
Colome, Dog Ear Lake..............
Herreid, Spring Creek.......-.......
Hot eee Company Pond....
Mansfield, Willowmere Lake........
Martin, Lake Creek..........202..--
North Cody Lake.................
Midland, Sunny Lake...............
Milbank, Whetstone River..........
Parkston, Wahl’s pond..........._..
Sioux City, Waters of South Dakota.
Tyndall, Marys Lake................
Tennessee:
Arlington, Cunningham’s pond......
Ashland Cit , Sycamore Creek......
Atoka, Kimbrough’s pond..........
Boliver, Emerson Pond....... E = pees
Rock Creek ae
Chesterfield, Manness’s pon
Coal Creek, Coal Creek..............
East Chattanooga, Bauxite Lake....
Etowah, Cane Creek Pond..........
Fayetteville, Cane Pond.............
Hie River este e eee ee ee.
Franklin, Harpeth River............
West Harpeth River..............
Disposition.
Utah: Ogden, Winter’s pond.....-.-.-
Virginia:
ewtemls
bo
.
+
tt
Oe me 0 09 ND
wee we
Tennessee—Continued.
Gallatin, De Sha Creek..............
aighory Valley, Avent’s pond......-
Lexington, Hare’s pond.............
Lone Mountain, Big Sycamore Creek.
McKenzie, Clear Lake.............-.
McMinnville, Red Road Lake... ._.
Mayland, Mountain Lake...........
Normandy, Tsom’S pond. .22. 2.0.2.3
Oneida, Cumberland River, South
Pulaski, Egnew Creek......-----..--
Weakley CECE Keeseeaawiccniasiectae
Rogersville, Beech Creek.-...-...---
Caney @recksse oa -e ssc caaegi mies aes
Sale Creek, Sale Creek........--- 36:
Selmer, Sunnyside Lake....
Shelbyville, Duck River...-
Springfield, Powell’s pond.....- =
Sweetwater, Fork Creek......-.....-
(Pond! Cregk:: Se ae eee
Sweetwater Creek..-...--.-.-------
Tullahoma, Hurricane Creek...-..-..-
Mulberry Creek............5.....-
Walling, Robertson’s pond.........-
Wartrace, Duck River, Garrison
100) di Ge a ee Ste
WartraceRiver=.---s=s+s-secr 2-5.
Watertown, Fall Creek......-. ap ee
Wetmore, McLendon’s pond...-...--
Winchester, Collins Pond....-....-.-
Abert, James River ..........-.---.-
Appomattox, Appomattox River... -
Barboursville, Woodroof’s pond... --
Blacksburg, Dobson’s pond.......---
Blackwood, Powder House Pond....
Blaine, Blackwater Creek..........-
ae Forge, Bunker Hill Mill
New River, Knox Fork..-.--...---
Poplar Camp Creek ......----..---
Castlewood, Clinch River....-.....-
Cedar Bluff, Clinch River.........--
ithe: River. ce ooecc= sence elasn on
Cohoke, Cohoke Pond..-....-.......-
iRollard’Bonders ts-o- tepecas soot
Danville, County Line Creek..-.-..-.-
Harpers PONG... sco sees sccteme ce
Delvale, Coxes Creek. .-.-..---------
Dixondale, Burk Mill Pond..-.......
Dundas, Great Creek Pond......---.
NeblettiPond )) 208-2. ce cna.
Elkton, Shenandoah River.......-.-
oe Meherrin River...........
arrell Mill Pond................-
Big Buffalo Creek.......
Lodge, Willowdale Pond............
New Castle, Craig Creek...........--|
Norfolk, City AKUL Stee tenes fees es
60 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Virginia—Continued. Wisconsin—Continued.
Norfolk, Elizabeth River......-..--.- } 2 as Beebeg, ais Dell Lake. ...-...:.. Be
‘ ; Tay Lake's tittaeeeee eee
Little Creek Pond....-2..---.-...- 1,000 Airco liciicac =e ema 150
Norton, Guest River...............- 100 Narrows iliakes css ee ti tee cence 275
Powell River, Middle Fork.....-.- 750 Pickerel Pakotess 2-2-5 sneer ee 75
Powell River, South Fork........- 400 Ringling ibake sooo d 520 enone 100
Paint Bank, Potts Creek...........- 300 Smith's pond ee) soe aece eee eee 75
Pamplin, Almond Mill Pond.......- 400 South Slewslakets-222225- 22 50
Pemberton, Trice Pond...........-.- 375 Spring Brook Lake.........-.-.-.- 200
Pembroke, ‘Mountain Lake........-- 650 Timmes Milliuakesse. ase costo neee 75
Penn Laird, Cub Run............... 55 Twin Wakes Lect eee ee 150
Penola, Dublin Mill Pond.......-.-- 300 Beaver Dam, Beaverdam Lake...... 550
Gwathmay’s pond............---- 200 || Black River Falls, Black River. .- 350
Philpot, Smith River.........- reer 225 Dourlasrbakes<s2et 223th eee 350
Pisgah, Clinch River..........-..-.. 100 Mi diaike sis ot see e eee eee enere 175
Port Royal, Walsingham Pond.....- 110 FROCK Oe se roe eran ol comes 175
Remlik, Dragon Creek......-.....-.- 120 Steblin Takers ssta. sce acs eoe cen en= 175
Richmond, Association Pond.....-.- 1,200 Bloomer, Axe Handle Lake.......-.- 100
Belle Isle Road Pond......-..--.- 400 Booth Lakeres ees rele eae 100
BroadsRockiPond.2.. esse see ease 560 Carnelliake Soar 8 ens epee ee 50
Bryan Parke Pond 2 s=sssecseeoen= 625 (Chain Gakesses ecto sees cece 50
Captain Joes Pond.............-.. 1,300 Clear Lake®* sstcstisacce- aon ace 50
Carters Pond! teeesesee sete seaaas ‘ 200 LARSICOMO ese ane pee epee 50
Goyne!s pond S-seanesedaseese ees 200 KittleRiceWakesti5-- 2. ce. eecnee 50
WAKESICO MaAkGAAee ea eeens once cae 1, 000- Tone akOws eenene et eee eee 100
Licking Creek Pond............... 400 Potato Lakes tte tse soccer nes 100
Northside ake......2.2..-..-..-- 400 Round Wakes sens. see oe eee 50
Reddy Creek Pond................ 600 ShattuckPakel: isis sot eaecnees 100
Spring Brook Pond 2 oo s-ce-s2 ee 600 Bowler, Kolpeck Lake.............. 100
Godson?s pon). sto scesnasee ose 300 Brokaw, Wisconsin River........... 300
Riverside, South River......-.--..- 55 Centuria, Deer Lake....-............ 300
Rocky Mount, Pigg River../...-.-.- 225 Chippewa Falls, Davis Lake........ 200
Salem, Roanoke River.....-.---..-- 115 OUNGI Grecket eet atc acces an cee ee 125
Scottsville, Payne Pond...........-- 225 Poppleakesetsossssassena sce seer 150
Shawsville, Roanoke River, South Wilssotasakerss teicccoccccsoaeee 125
HOP Ks case seaccee nescee adie sec nists 300 Conover, Portage Lake-.............. 160
South Boston, Bruce’s pond.......- 975 Stormy. akessss- 50 Sass eee 80
Cedar Heights Pond......-.......- 50 Cumberland, Wildcat Lake.......... 150
Speedwell, Elk Creek........---.--- 300 Darlington, Pecatonica River....... 170
Stanley, Back'Creek.-......-----.-- 225 Donaldson, Landing Lake.-...-...... 100
Staunton, Middle River...........-. 120 Little Portage Lake.............-. 100
Stuart, Rockcastle Creek..........-- 300 Moon Wake: sist vacec sce weceees 200
Suffolk, Box Elder Pond..........-- 225 Round Lakessz 2225.20 100
Norflect Mill Pond <..-./..........- 225 Durand, Bear Lake. .- a 375
Sweet Hall, Custis Lake............. 500 Tompson Lake--...--.......-2.2-: 375
Swords Creek, Clinch River, Maiden Eggleston Crossing, Waits Lake-.... 150
Spring Worksp seers eee cee 800 Eland, Mayflower Lake.-............ 100
Tappahannock, Croxton Mill Pond. 120 Elkhart Lake, Crystal Lake......... 300
Tazewell, Clinch River, East Fork.. 300 Elkhart Dake sees pas see 400
Timber Ridge, North River........- 5 || Elk Mound, Colfax Lake............ 700
Troutdale, Fox Creek....-...-..-... 300 Fall Creek, Fall Creek..-............ 350
Wilson Creek.........----+- Aer 300 Fond du Lac, Fifteen Lake ......... 120
Walker Ford, James River. S8c 225 Lake DeNevet--..2-2..2.....--2-- 120
Warren, Tapscott’s pond... He 225 ong ilakes:2i222 tices ieee oe noe 120
Wellville, Crows Pond..... tale 300 Mullet Wake sects) tees sae 120
Wheeler, Butchers Branch... - 60 Round Dakexsseee cena eee 120
Endian Creekisescesens eanaeeeeene 60 Twinlaket: 3:2 iosh. 2 Scene eee 120
Windsor, Horne’s pond........-...- 225 Fredonia, Milwaukee River.-.-...... 500
Wytheville, Cove Creek......--..-.- 100 Galesville, Lake Marinuka....... 500
West Virginia: Gordon, Bond Lake..-.............. 225
Berkeley Springs, Sleepy Creek....-. 700 Bony Lak6se.~scsceneecs-Jnadenene 150
Clarksburg, Oral Lake..........--.- 1,000 OxGKG PS 83k Seowane cecen ae ee ces 50
Clay, Elk River... <2 5.0.52. ce cececce 28 SpiderAakece-¥s 2. sacs seaee eee 50
Little Laurel Creek.........------- 21 Swensen Lake... -........0--ce0s- 50
Great Cacapon, Cacapon River...... 120 Grand Rapids, Wisconsin River..... 1, 831
Hurricane, Big Hurricane Creek....-. 40 iMartiord, Mud’ hake tec.passacce es 300
Moorefield, Potomac, South Fork... 35 Murphy Cake sors: s2-ce-cneee tee 300
New Martinsville, Fishing Creek.... 150 Pike uakpsecsee cer cose eetoeee casas 300
Pax, Paint Creek Pond............. 110 Hawthorne, Minnesung Lake....-... 200
Phillipi, Whitman Run Pond....... 100 Hayward, Alexander Lake. -...-.... 100
Wisconsin: Barberlakesticc-ssceceena st coe ct 50
Alma, State fish commission......-. 3,425 [OSS apes Sea sebeer en ice nae ece 100
Aniwa, Pleasant Lake............... 100 BeliG Waker sere ceme ase nmears oe 50
Rosch Pamela < ic2.2.c 02sec le acce. 100 IBlgnehesbakerst. = ccc emcee <n scien 50
Spans bn osase soe ene nnnose cages 100 hupteakGeeccseerscs coos ccs ciccne 100
Bagley, gh oss LRM) PRA SER AS Seo a 1,000 DWlearLakGeacses.cncescscecsesoee 50
Baraboo, Dell Creek..............-- 150 Comowlake sos. stst she thoes 50
Ellendale Lake.......-:----.0----- 50 Fischer Take.: --.......cdesedenes 100
@ Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters,
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
61
Disposition.
Wisconsin—Continued.
Hayward, Fulton Lake
Glover Lakess...c...ie.ceie see
Jirrard: Lakes. -2s2t2scc2sss seen
Bake George: -=-iscciccescsctesene
MoorewWbakes.. sees sofa = ness ete
Pike Lak6-uco 2c kei sstctecaeecee
"Wilson Wakes 22 hsse2 eee ee ns eee
Hazelhurst , Wind Pudding Lake...-
Heafford, Rice Lake (A)............
Rice Wake (By eee eee
. Independence, Bugle Lake.-....-.-.-
Maker ceeneaasilisccassecte.
Tron River, Crystal Lake............
Kilbourn, Wisconsin River..........
La Crosse, Mississippi River... .-...-
Ladysmith, Flambeau Pond........
Mirdiaker sso se ee :
Wark bake-<sicscct sien ese
Lake Geneva, Lake Geneva-........
Manitowoc, English Lake. --.. --|
Gass Lake hose Ui Rss 82 |
iredm PAROS Bot es eae
pebisel Lakers ce see eoccsemaoncee
DIVER MGA Koen seen we
Mattoon, Baker Lake..............-
Heiberlein Lake: .s2s26s. eck
Johnson Pakesl esac cat.catacee
Mauston, Lemonweir River-........
Mellen, Bass Lake (A)..------.-.-...
Bassibare (Bcc -.en ole eee eee ae
Beaver Lake (BS Lens taet ie Se Oe ae
Beaver Lake.WB) 2) 2es ss ete
[BIRCH BAKO ons esac sscee
Clear Take GA Zee soins sec
Clear: Bakel(B 25. S22o. Beets
LD "ed 2) a eee le a
Wnplishibake2i 22/2202 osccee8n Seek
IRTGREHPEAK ES eo. eee cae eee
Grahsmilake. >. 222) et sssse
Hoist Lake... -. eee see Seren eet
Lake Wighteen. -222.2.2.252522 0.0%
1b ots fd Di 2 ee ee Seen
McCarty bake. ssc: 5 oe.eseeee8
MMilipernice ees 4 ea cen
Manson LAkes2..c30. soc poeee oe
Murp
RP MU GEM KG sao sist sc enisaconceene
BDI E MAK Os? Seccociass tesa sotece
Summit Lake i See ee eee © S|
Summit Lake (B).............-.--
Menomonie, Caryville Lake.........
Cedar Falls Lake..............-..-
Doyle Lakoles7 esis
Eighteen Mile Lake...............
GotreiBake s. >. 525535 eee
ia yRleivernas = 0 YET SS: ees
Lake Menomonie..................
Miller Seika yore. ooo... os
Mud Lakers25 oe sss eas tek
Number.
_
i
SSSSsSsssssssysssy
200
100
SESSSESESESSEE
Disposition.
Wisconsin—Continued.
Menomonie, Stump Lake....-......
Waubeek Lake..............-.....
(WAIST U2 Re See coe eoeeeeEeoe
Merrill, Ackerman Lake............. |
Bass Lake...-.-.-.....-.-.-.-.----
Black Alder’ Lake:..---.-.:-..-.--
Waniels Makp..222.4.5.-552405..5--
Tug Lake....... ape Jso20s0gseebsse
Winkleman Lake.............----
Wasconsimny Rivers =. 2222. 255524220
Neshkoro, Turtle Lake ............-
New Auburn, Chain Lake...........
Norrie, Cancer Lake...........-.----
Horsehead Lake-.-:-2..stesscas-ce
Lake Go'Polt=-22.5222..42552 00-2
Long Rieé Lake:. 22:52:22 22242
Mayflower Lake............--.----
Mud Wakes: 2iiccei 2252252222286:
Range Line Lake..............---.
ice Wakes. o..<s.-2ictcescasel ene
Ler t0 Et br ey ee ee, toe a
Short Portage Lake............-.-.
Small Bass Lake................-.
Small Mayflower Lake.-.-.........
Turtle) Wakes 22255-22285 as none
Wins akOn.-sos cose seme ce ebeore ce
Phillips, Big Elk River.
Cranberry Lake......
Dardis Lake. .
TON PLLAKO: SS nee ees acicciowe oa
Poynette, Hinckson Creek..........
Poynette Mill Pond...............
Rowal Creeks cities nse ccccsccaee
Reserve, Grindstone Lake...........
Tae'Court Oreilles-... .. 22.5. s2ce0
Rhinelander, Bass Lake.............
Ben Sweet Lake. ..........----2.s
TAK) Goorgenscetectce- neue eo oes
ake Julian sso s6.6 btae seen ae eees
Lake Dhompson. cts. ca-cee cee
North Pelican Lake...............
Shepard Lakers sees. s~_ pecs
Town Line Lake: .-.--..22 555525
Wisconsin River... 27 2o0l2eese as:
Rib Lake, North Spirit Lake........
Richland Center, Bowen Mill Pond.
IBToOwmNLaKow ect ccocc on eee
Athica MallPond! oe. -.. 222k!
Lone Rock Mill Pond............-
Neptune Mill Pond...............
Lege KUNE ae ee a re es
@ Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
Number.
62
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LARGEMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Wisconsin—Continued. Wisconsin—Continued.
Sheboygan, Lake Seven............. 100 Tomahawk, Lake Clara............. 50
Pigeon: Rivers. sere noes 100 Manson Take. 3 225 osc sche eee 50
Sheboygan Falls, Lake Ellen......_. 100 MirroniLake:... 2.25250) Seoe eee 50
Pigeon Lake. caecmes ten eartec ean 200 Mud Gakess. 23225. ho 5 Sees 50
Solon Springs, Beauregard Lake..... 100 Muscalonge Take.--.......2....21- 100
Lake of the Woods................ 50 Road Taker 7 sion eos eee 50
Rocky akeees eerste 200 Roundshakeses ce acne oe 50
Stone Lake, Hungry Lake.......... 400 Somowliakoe occ snes ee ee 50
Snag shaken eee isos. ace 100 DOM OURIVeRS! eae seca ee see 50
Superior, Amnicon Lake............ 70 Spirit Hiv ena: sass eae cee eee 50
Bingo Laces: t3s) 40 TomahawikvKivers: se. sso eeese seme 50
IBoscoe Bayslbakowemeseee 2. eos 40 IWASCODSINURI Ven 3-2 eae eee 50
iBubar Dake anaes oe asco. 40 Wabeno; Ads Takess5-25. 2. eee 300
Clabine Pakesees fe 40 Waldo, stake Wllen-- >) 27 o3 55. ose 300
Crow iba keene. a2 oo. enh es 40 Watertown, Richwood Quarry Pond. 300
Haele alkene een coe ee eles 40 Wausau, Big Rib River............. 150.
Five Island Lake................. 40 iakeGo@otl -s... 2 165
Heart Hake. as 2han- vs. Ste Bey 40 HaKOUWSUSAU S202. cose tee 54
Huberiake. shoes. este ed 40 Mud baket 22522 54. oe 100
akeMillicents-Sos55.2 so. ee 40 Webster, Yellow Lake.............. 200
BOStAKG A Sete cen cece 40 Winegar, Crab Lake-.....-....<...-- 200
Lower Pike Lake: - 2.222 -cceae2 40 || Wyoming:
Man ynlAKOsse o- een cose ces 40 Cheyenne, Lake Minnehaha......... 175
ikeWlake es. esl ec eae 40 Blogs Lakes. 0. ska e ate oe 350
py wiakesa. ape 2 se oe 40 Worland, Worland’s pond........... 175
Three Lakes, Butternut Lake....... 100 |} Canal Zone: Gatun Lake, Gatun Lake. 1,000
Hrankiinbake on Spo se oe an on 100 |} Mexico: Parral, Lake Conchos......... 750
Ep eua BasstakOs ace omck 50 7 $283,500
Par lakeossseseee bec setae as 100 283, 500
Deenhake see eee eee eee 100 Total, «.3.2sbe ices stesso 970, 020
Half Moon}Lake: --. 522. sasee 100
SMALLMOUTH BLACK BASS.
Arkansas: Indiana—Continued.
Abbott, Petit Jane Creek.... 250 Kendallville, Pretty Lake.......... +3, 000
Cauthron, Poteau River. 236 iKerioxs BassriGakeness.2 acces os cone +5, 000
Harrison, Bear Creek........ 229 Kokomo, Leach’s pond...........-- 71, 500
Crooked Creek and Branches 686 ee Serre HMalRiver so & 3 eta es +4, 000
Huzzah Creek......... 229 Orland, Wall lake: -onccscceeceese ne 1,000
Shain, Little Red River............. 228 Richmond, Durley’s pond..........- 500
phirley. Red URi ven see sesese sae. 228 Rolling Prairie, Sagunay Lake...... 1,000
Waldron, Dutch Creek. 413 || Towa:
ourche Creck ssn coe ccc nceen cocks 236 Earlville, Plum Creek............... 300
Van Buren, Cotton Lake 300 Independence, Wapsipinicon River. . 300
Colorado: Wray, Club Lakes 250 Jessup, Wapsipinicon River......... 200
Connecticut: Kentucky:
Niantic, Cedar Lake... ..2222-2-22.0 83 Cadiz wbittlaysinehs.. assess ose eee 350
Norfolk, Doolittle Pond............. 50 Erlanger, Lake Park................ 200
SmmithPonderssesae eee teas ee 50 Georgetown, Elkhorn Creek........- 2,100
Norwich, Ashland Pond............ 150 Flemingsburg, Fleming Creek... ...-
Beach Pind. j2524 55 ne eee 75 Hopkinsville, Little River and
Dillings Haken 25h ee eee 75 branchesesasesccecec- cee aececee 1,050
Gardneriake: 85 3).5.5 see 75 OakiGrovevbond fase .seenacee eee 150
Tay WaT Gina kere seats t= st ae 75 PonduRivebesctcscnoseucscysccleee 375
Moried? ond se sae sees wea 75 Red River, West Fork............ 375
Oxoboxolbakes- ses 22555225 75 Sinking Fork Creek............... 250
PaAchaieweonde see sas oea eee 75 || Maine:
Ropers Lake: 6 schoo eee 75 Ayers Junction, Meddybemps Lake. . 50
Winsted, Highland Lake............ 100 Eliot, Great Works River........... +2, 000
Indiana: WOrKIP ONG ccs acseseon dca +2, 000
Angola, Lake James................- +4, 000 Oakland) Vittlebond <<... .0.-.scne 40
OOH LARGO Ne: cco e oe cou sswec See 1,000 NuktPORU Se .<. 2s cote ede 50
Brazil, poopes Ond: 4.5. ees +1, 500 Salmon Wakes: arses ce eeeees 40
Columbia City, Shriner Lake........ 1,000 || Maryland:
Culver; Bess Lake:s2i.6 fess eaedens 1, 500 Baltimore, State Ponds............- 88
Lake Maxinkuckee................ 2,500 Cockeysville Old Beaverdam Pond... 1, 800
Howe, Pigeon River................ +4, 000 Dickerson, Potomac Rivals 52 925
Huntington, Clear Creek............ 2,000 Gaithersburg, Potomac River... .... +10, 000
ER OPIOMLY Cleo cm cicancce rece. see 3, 000 Glen Echo, Potomac River......... 850
Rock Creeks. olosc ue vecbecatomrae +2, 000 Havre de Grace, Susquehanna River. 400
Salamonie River..............---- +3, 000 Hollins, Lake Roland..............- 1,500
Wa basbuniver. <.. 2s cfenes ck doe +4, 000 || Massachusetts:
Indianapolis, Eagle Creek........... 1, 500 Ashburnham, Naukeag Lake........ +3, 000
IWIHILOPREVOr ee, cones cede caactc 1,500 Dover, Pegan Hill Pond............. +3, 000
Kendallville, Adams Lake.......... 1,000 Great Barrington, Lake Mansfield... 30
ISH WAKO soe emote oc toe chet +3, 000 PTOSMECUNUHED e<\c canis cncc se ceeeeee 30
a Exclusive of 8,445 fingerlings lost in transit.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
SMALLMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
63
‘Disposition.
Massachusetts—Continued.
Harvard, Farm Pond <.....%..2..2.-
fudson>, Wake Boon. -. 2... soes ee
Lenoxville, Laurel Lake.............
Mowell bynes OnG.. oc ceacccusesees
Plymouth, Rabbit Pond.-...........
Shelburne Falls, Ashfield Pond... ..
Deereld River... sssoseces tees
Gardner Falls Lake
Reservoir No. 2.....
IROSELVOID INOS 4 cies sents eeeeinciee
Southbridge, Greenwood Farm Pond.
West Barnstable, Indian Pond......
Long Pond
Wequaquet Lake..................
West Medway, Medway Park Pond.
Michigan:
Atlanta, Dishaw Lake............... |
isn WAKE ss. cae Boh ee
Valentine wakes... cccsce coms ae
Beechwood, Lake Five.............-.
Benton Harbor, St. Joseph River... .|
Brighton, Maltby Lake..............
Butternut, Crystal Lake... -.- a
Clyde, Irving Lake......
ound Lake......
Summers Lake..
Town Line Lake............ tase
iWihe@lemliake: <5 ast. scons
Crystal Falls, Armstrong Lake......
Lower Holmes Lake.....-.. aoe
IPAIMGIRIVEL. = ccc ccscas
Swanwlake. -.stasdces se
Edwardsburg, Bull Lake....
Elba, Hasler digticesee ante a, S265
Engadine, Millecougin Lake.........
Escanaba, Lake Florence..
Hamburg, Pleasant Lake
Hancock, Lake Gerald...
Howell, Greenaway Lake..
Ishpeming, Grass Lake..............
Tsland Lake, Island Lake............
Jackson, Big Portage Lake..........
IBTOWNSPHAKG. ot Ghose cccacaecence
IWiOlElake sa oe conan cuncee eatanet
Lake George, Lake George..........
Lakeland, Huron River.............
Leonard, Echo Lake.........-......
Little Lake, Horseshoe Lake........
IPFINCESSHMAK Owen oe cc cicenn oe. aese 5
Long Lake, Au Sable Lakes.........
Marenisco, Lake Gogebic............
Marquette, Au Train Lake..........
Goree Wakes ccc scc cece cc nesins
Pickerel Lake...
Section Ten Pond.
WieltIe® POnd - 2. fa-ceiceae an ceoee
Middleville, Thornapple River......
Mitchell Spur, Spring Lake..........
Newaygo, Emerald Lake...........-
“SA ER OM D2 5 ea eee ere See
Northville, D, I..G. Dake!.-:-.=-.-.<
ONCHAEG Hak@: 220+ cen meses dork
NENG) MAK Geen eee cesar seer ee
HOUMOCUAKG sac pe concn ccc ec cet oe
Osseo; Bird ake: oss cs5.2sacceus
Pori, Bob Lake............ Apres
Republic, Michigamme River .......
Rockland, Michigan Pond...........
Rose Center, Long Lake.............
MANGHURKG es san a sab scan Se cee
North Buckhorn Lake............
Wixon, Proud Orpecccsssesscsest
Minnesota:
Detroit, Big Detroit Lake........._.
Bie Ployd bakes asetes eee |
Number.
Disposition. Number.
Minnesota—Continued.
Detroit, Big Pelican Lake..... zee 200
Butislowake... 202... * 200
Wotionglake. so. cc.es sce wsesteles 200
@Washmanlake ssc. <0. seca tees 200
RITNCS) LAK sie < ccc os ec. cance chee 200
HO SUPAK Ge nmessottidacieeoscles Dae 200
Little Floyd Lake................. 200
Little Pelican Lake............... 200
boy a¥=gH E221 <2) Nae ei el ee, 200
Mati CMHAKG: scameeered seein. ck oh 200
Meadows Wake ssctac ss saccecl Socktos 200
Molesia ake: cisecs ss .c-.<scccccen 200
MimSOnWakere. qos sale ae ee 200
MUSKTAte bakes sete. hae oe: 200
earl Take oe oo. oes aale sc ee mcigecs 200
Rock. Wakey 3. ot arly gs 2 es 200
DallyoWak Obese shee ace eee 200
UWwini lakes se oacmes shoes sc caseeek 200
Elysian, Lake Francis............... 300
Litchfield, Clear’ Lakeisc 2 sess ast 200
Dunn Wake se sae asso eee ee 200
Grdenleah Make oscues ass oe 200
Maker Mannella-s2- cscs. ce aee eee 200
ake Mirmicbellens. sass. s-seeeee 400
WakeyRichardsonemsssst aoeee seas 200
Make nRipley:ciiic. «cess deen 200
TaAkeistellac. c= i225. << coeehce meee 200
WAKO Ge <tewracoe onan cek Ree 200
Stan ake een coc poses cease ee 200
Washington'lakes: 5-5 ss-5--. 088 200
Red Wing Mississippi LVL ese ci a2,075
Waverly Waverly AKO... Saat age 300
Missouri: Rolla, Big Piney River... ... 100
New Hampshire:
Antrim; GregeLake=sscsd-sss-seee { Uses
Ashland, Asquam Lake............. 600
Concord, Contoocook River......... $3, 000
Dover, Bellemy Rivertes Sy esi 4 250
Durham, Wheelwright Pond........ 250
Enfield, Mascoma Lake............. 500
Gale, Kalelemook Wako e227 et 2 an 400
Milford, Baboosic Lake. ............ +3, 000
Nashua, Baboosic Lake............. 600
South Ham ton, Pow Wow River +2, 000
mloxburyRond<. 2 52... 5s55neeee 72,000
New York:
Altamont, Summit Club Lake. ..... 1,000
‘Amoniay MilliPond: 2555.2 .25e- .. ee 400
Amsterdam, Lake Galaway....-.... 400
chohario-River 22.00... 7... ee 600
Cambridge, Lake Lauderdale. ...... 300
Cobleskill, Bears Gulf Lake......... 300
Hudsonvisiker oc... seer arene 200
Sckayler Wako. .-* cee ae eee 300
Summit wake sss: ooo. eee 300
Cohoes, Mohawk River...........--- 400
Davenport, Sexsmith Lake. ........ 125
Fishkill, Bennywater Pond......... 75
Glens Falls, Glen Lake.............. 300
Gloversville, Canada Lake. ......... 400
Highland Falls, Po Po Lo Lake..... 300
Ripe eere fee ek a 300
isatonshiy Pes Ponds 2.) 52 bees 300
Kerhenkson, Lake Awosting........ 400
Kingston, Wallkill Creek............ 300
Kyserike, Rondout Creek........... 300
Lake Clear Junction, Osgood Lake 50
Lake Katrine, Esopus Creek........ 300
Lockport, Tonawanda Creek........ 600
Millbrook, Thorne’s pond........... 250
Newark, Canarquea iver Sooi ft sc 600
Gotley ake: 82 se ees eee 600
Niagara Falls, Niagara River........ 400
Norwich, Chenango Lake. .......... 400
Chenanrorivers.< 22.2 ..2cc0c-4. 500
BadsPondy. (6) 42 Osta oe Doe: | 400
IR PMOMPHMUAKE. ooo oe 5: 400
STC TuS) 1217 G led Ee el i 500
SleersiPOndsesaasgecconsel sc. cee 500
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original owners.
160695°—20 11
64
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
SMALLMOUTH BLACK BASS—Continued.
Disposition.
New York—Continued.
Ossining, Dream Lake............--
Pleasant Lake, Pleasant Lake.....--
Port Jervis, Delaware River.......-.
Riverside, Brant Dakess.0b. 22.002
SchroonLakore sence oem eee
St. Johnsville, West Canada Lake...
Saratoga Springs, Saratoga Lake....
Schnectady Ballson Lake.......-.-
Mohawk sivieGieereet ns ncisroscics
Sharon Station, Round Pond. .....-.
White Plains, Rye Lake.........-.-
North Carolina:
Elizabethtown, White Lake.......-..
Fayetteville, Lakewood Lake.......
Texas bake eeecsccks cccansecccet
St. Pauls, Great Marsh Pond........
Ohio:
Berea Duck Pond sass scare see eee
Canal Fulton, Ohio Canal......-..-.
Cardington, Olentangy Creek. ...-.-
Chillicothe, Lake Rena..............
Nake Rowena i s..oncscesecinwoee ee
Ravenna, Lake Hodgson.........-.-
Sandy Lakes 00 cme
Sycamore, Sycamore Creek.-.......--
Urbana, Nettle Creek...........--.-
Utica, Sycamore Creek. ........---.-
Woodsfield, Alum Creek.........-.-
Clear Pork Creek... 222-2 <-- ene
Jennings-Davis Pond..........-.-
icking Riveres-. teense ee eee
Muskingum River and branches. -
Nettle’ Creeks s.. sc sce Stee
Rocky, Fork Creek.........-..----
Sunfish Creeks. 2a cee eee a ees
veuniestown, Coalburg Pond...-...-.
Pennsylvania:
Doylestown, Mill Creek........-..--
Neshaminy Creek... .22i2.ceetes
INO MECU SR eed moat cena ee aces
Tohickon Creek... 52.2 225224 3-222
Indiana, Crooked Creek......-...-.-
Quakertown, Gimbel Creek......-.-
Stermer Pond snece ni ee
Swamp Creek... 2. 72b st ee
Reading, Tulpchocken Creek.......-
Royersford, Swamp Creek.........--
Saegertown, French Creek..........-
Sharpsville, Pymatuning Creek. ...-
Shenango R:
Rhode Island:
Providence, Gorton Pond...........
Herring Pods. hs tere ee
Moscow Pond. 2.2..22.25. 2s
Moswansicut Pond.........----.--
ascoag Pond elk cee bec tecenecse
Quidnick Pond=\22.ctee<cesee--
Sand Pond tae Ne rat a eee
peawcoor Pond... 2st ee ene ee
Wakefield, White Pond...........--
Tennessee:
Bristol, Holston River...........-.-
Etowah, Camponey Lake...........
Rock Island, Caney Fork River.....
Vermont:
Brattleboro, Hunts Meadow Lake...
BunsetWakO. cess csice ss cnecccess
Number.
300
450
Disposition. Number.
Vermont—Continued.
Burlington, Lake Champlain...-..-.. 100
Canaan, Wallis Pond.............-.- 53
Castleton, Lake Bomoseen. ....-.-.- 80
Fairlee, Lake Morey........--------- 75
Ferrisburg, Little Otter Creek....... 100
Hardwick, Valley Lake........-.--- 125
Montpelier, Curtis Pond..........-.- 50
Morrisville, Lake Lamoille........-.. 225
North Ferrisburg, Cedar Lake.....-. 100
Richmond, Winooski River.......-.. 50
Ritland> Burr Pond se e-eee sees 200
ast Pittsford Pondso-s22-2---2ee 150
Springfield, Black River... ci 75
Walden, West Hill Pond....-. 50
Wilmington, Lake Raponda. - 50
Windsor, Kanadie Mill Pond.. * 75
Runnemede Pond..........--.---- 75
Wolcott, Wolcott Pond..........--- 100
Virginia:
Ashburn, Goose Creek. ....-.---.--- 800
Ashland, Little Clear Lake.......... 300
Fredericksburg, INi*River.2-s26- sete $3,000
IPO River steep eee eee 73, 000
. Kinsale. Cat Point Creek...........-. 195
West Point, Marston’s pond.......- +4, 000
West Virginia: .
Berkeley Springs, Sleepy Creek. - ..- 1,200
Bluestone, Bluestone River. -.....-.- 420
Brown, Ten Mile Run..........--.-- 200
wee Ferry, Potomac River... --- 9,800
Marlinton, Knapp Creek.....-....-- +5, 000
New Martinsville, Fishing Creek. ... 1, 200
Paw Paw, Great Cacapon River-.... 1,200
Petersburg, Potomac River, South
Branch ss eee eee eee spas reas a 1,200
Romney, Potomac River, South
Branch 2¢-o- cee peer eee eee 710, 000
Springfield, Patterson Creek........- +4, 000
Potomac River, South Branch. ... 75, 000
‘Wisconsin:
Athelstane, Elbow Lake...-..-.-.--- 600
Bay City, Mississippi River:522225- a270
Boyd, Cornell ake: ..:---2-<------- 200
‘Wolf River, North Fork... ......- 200
NVellow Rivero sees -eeeeaeee eee 200
Donaldson, Bear Lake. .-.....----.-- 300
Bittle Basswbake---t sts es sscee eons 300
Ellis Junction, Eagle Lake....-...--. 300
eats Rankiakes=tesehe.-2=ses = 300
Migh\Fallsakes.2. 2 2sse sees 300
Lake Noquebay.......-...----.... 300
Tet ootuiake socceAeae casement ee 300
Perch Lake. 222 -22hse2 iis ste esse 300
Peshtigo River::---2--sseee-aseees : 300
Woods ake =Siese20 22s ceeeesceeas 300
Hayward, Big Spider Lake-..-....-.- 400
Tindstone Wakehsccs+sseaceee sae 400
Little Spider Lake----2c-s2e =. cs: 200
eost.wand Dakec- 22. sc-e+s-b == 200
Smith bakes. cc teeccet sees S55 200
Sonne Wake oan cote eee oeeeee 200
Tron River, Island Lake....... eaeeee 1,400
Pike Lake 3} bit eiceeleueteectes 400
PIR BOUaKe (hs) one sseaeee ee eeesae 1,000
Sandbar bake: 2-22 $<-<2::4<:82.23¢ 400
Park Falls, Round Lake.......-..-- 280
Schnurs Lake..:.......-..--.-0--- 280
Phillips, Bass Lake. ...-.--.-.------ 280
Ringle, Spring Lake......-..-..-- 200
Sheboygan Falls, Long Lake......-. 100
Stone Lake, Ham Lake..-....-....-- 400
‘Waupaca, Big Mages eesce sec 0 ss 100
Hat Factory Pond......-..-....... 100
McCrossen Lake.....5............- R 100
+172, 500
NUT HW Aes SSeS ce Sep neem rc tte { 155,674
aRescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
b Exclusive of 1,500 fry and 9,515 fingerlings lost in transit.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
65
ROCK BASS.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Alabama: Mississippi—Continued.
Bayou Labatre, Little River......-.. 500 Aberdeen, Rinney Creek............ 200
Birmingham, Ketona Pond......... 250 SPELT E)] UE I aps ee en 100
Jasper, Sims-Long Pond............ 125 Baldwin, McDonald Lake........... 250
Montgomery, Mill Creek... ........- 1,800 Boyanas@lear Creek 2.2 =. 425... 2.5 500
Pine Hill, Sheffield’s pond.......--- 250 Corinth, Skillman’s pond........... 500
Spring Branch See Ee iett lee) 500 Crystal Springs, Batton’s pond ..... 150
Russellville, Lake Galey...........- 375 Friar Point, Moon Lake............. 980
Lake Rockwood.....-...........- 250 Gulfport, Bayou Barnard ........... 2,900
Arkansas: Learned, Lowry’s pond............. 225
Elba, Mill Hollow Creek. .......-... 273 Meridian, Oak Pond...............- 500
Gilbert, Calf Creek? 22252222 oc..-- 273 Mize, Robertson’s pond............. 150
Bry 'Creak.. 6) oes ee 273 Natchez, College House Pond....... 150
Mill Creek seste ee tee cee 273 Pontotoc, Highland Pond........... 250
Mammoth Spring,Warm Fork Creek 916 Jobnston’S pond. > sasccce concccne 625
Poe, Little Red River............... 274 Taylors Datwum/7s pond... -224. 2 tcc. 250
Shirley, Little Red River, Archys Toomsuba, King’s pond............. 250
MGnkareee ora eke taeccc eniecee s 274 West Point, La Rue’s pond......... 250
Texarkana, Country Club Lake..... 800 Nanpie Poridss2- 22 aes ee 250
Connecticut: Bridgeport, Busser’s pond 200 PrainievGakee: thas. cccsee eee ceeoe 100
Delaware: Wilmington, Barnett Lake. 300 Woodville, Poland’s pond........... 100
Georgia: Missouri:
Bellville, Briarwood Pond. ........-. 400 Auroras Wat Creeks s.-5ss2ece aes 800
Cartersville, Clear Creek............. 800 Fanning, Elk Springs Lake......... 1,000
Cav e Springs, Tallalah Lake. ....... 400 Gilliam, Waterworks Pond.......... 150
‘Win der, Eastview Lake............. 400 Lebanon, Kneedler’s pond. .......-- 400
Tllinois: MeNeill’s ONG ea Chcscccece cece 600
Aurora, Deitrich’s pond............. 114 Passaic, Limestone Lake...........- 200
New Boston, Mississippi River...... a167 Phillipsburg, Shaffer’s pond......... 200
Villa Ridge, Aldrich’s pond......... 300 Rolla Barnitz WANG eg ooescocuss (os 200
Indiana: Litfle Piney River, Lower........ 400
Huntington, Clear Creek............ 300 || New Mexico:
TULLE Ver-so- es scesesccse cakes Sc 300 Estancia, Clubb’s pond. ........ ae 200
Rock Creekside ses deseeccc ce osees: 300 Roswell, Chain Lake................ 200
Salantonié Riveres coc. o-<c.-scce 300 Guajalote KO soto en eose foe aseee 150
MoH Gl 1 84 A pee a 300 Summer Wakeset sees eee ele ae 100
Ingle Station, Volkmann’s pond... . 200 Sunset Wakes awa oc wekeee coeececte 200
Winemac, Huddleston’s pond....... 100 Sutherland Wakelcccesccssseneenes 200
Towa: North Carolina:
Allerton, Rock Tsland Reservoir..... 300 Asheville, Barber’s pond..........-.. 200
Bellevue, Mississippi River. ........ 2,500 Beechwood Lake.................- 800
Kansas: White Flint Pond. 22). 22122252: 1,000
Fort Scott, Sheeler Lake............ 800 Concord, Gibson’s pond............. 800
Parsons, Labette Creek............. 800 Pemberton Ponds. oo atoo eee 800
Kentucky: POUCA) PONG eens saree eon: see ae 1,000
Cadiz, Donaldson Creek............. i, 500 Elkin; CobbiCreeks-.22- ss. sceecen ee 1,000
Campbellsburg, Spring Lake........ 500 Flat Rock, Draper‘ Pond... ....2 5. 1,000
Central City, Roll’s pond............ 500 Lumberton, Leonard Mill Pond..... 1,000
Cynthiana, Duck Pond ....2.2.2222! 200 Matthews Martin’s pond >_ 5: 800
Georgetown, Elkhorn Creek......... 150 Monroe, Maple Spring Pond......... 1,000
Hopkinsville, Lake Tandy.......... 1,200 Newton, Si ASIDONGSs eee ee ee 1,000
TAS RAG RS cee eee oe 1, 200 Pee Dee, Blewett Falls Pond.......- 2,500
Little River, East Fork..........- 1,200 Raleigh, Neuseoco Club Lake....... 1,000
Pond River, West Fork. ......... 1,200 Wake Forest, Powell’s pond..... 200
Lexington, Spring Bank Pond...... 100 |} North Dakota: Lisbon, Ash Grove
Louisville, Lake Idlewylde.......... 400 It) nope ebocoscce SoGU cn eser acess 100
Lake Lansdowne................. 1,000 || Ohio:
Tip Top, Forest Home Pond........ 700 Amsden, Pankhurst’s pond......... 100
‘Walton, Boone Lake.................. 100 Columbus, Scioto River............. 100
Louisiana: Newton Falls, Milton Lake.......... 200
Cade Station, Pharr’s pond. ........ 200 Outville, Lickling River, South Fork 100
Natchitoches, Cane River Lake. .... 750 Pemberville, Rice’s pond............ 100
Maryland: Sparks, Pearce’s pond..... 50 || Oklahoma:
ichigan: Armstrong, State Ponds............. 1,550
Iron River, Fifteen Lake............ 300 Goteba, Branson’s pond............. 300
Twin Lake, Middle Lake........... 200 Mangum, Thomason’s pond......... 37
Pee nse en ee ene ence sccsee 200 Pauls Valley, Perkins’s pond........ 300
Minnesota: Homer, Mississippi River . @218 Vici, South Persimmon Pond....... 38
Mississippi: Pennsylvania:
Aberdeen, Baker Lake.............. 500 Brookville, Arthurs’s pond.......... 50
Black Fond): .....:........-..12.. 84 Brownsville, Cleaver’s pond......... 50
BoOpanse one chs seen cases take se 100 Hollidaysburg, Leighty’s pond...... 100
@Carlersbond ates 2 tei oss SS 200 Washington, Borcher’s PONG A= ass | 100
Deer Laker sestenshn2425isscccsce- 625 || South Carolina: Clover, Adams’s pond. 1,000
Glenmiakencetaet ee eet cera ees 200 || Tennessee:
Greer’s ponders eee es ae oe 200 Athens, Big Mouse Creek............ 1,000
Jones Ak esees see ee eee eae 200 Bolivar, Ferguson’s pond............ 150
Kinnie Lakoiiit eee cseschesece ec 400 Chattanooga, Pan Gap Lake........ 300
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters,
66
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
ROCK BASS—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Tennessee—Continued. Virginia—Continued.
Cleveland, Maple Lake.............. 1,000 Mount Holly, Weston Place Pond... 50
Cumberlana Gap, Indian Creek..... 1,000 Peakes, Reformatory Mill Pond....- 300
Doyle, Terry?spond=s-5. 2... --.- 100 Richmond, Vaiden Club Pond...... 800
Farmer, Barney Creek.......-..-.-.- 1,000 Williams Pond coca nee 400
Franklin, Big Harpeth River.....-.. 150 Roanoke, Roanoke River......-...-.- 400
McDanicel#Pond22-..2: =. -5.-c.-- ee 150 Salem, Roanoke River............-- 400
‘West Harpeth River.............- 300 Singer, Roanoke River...........--- ~ 400
Harriman ,Gallaher’s pond.......... 1,000 Scottsville, Chester Pond...........- 200 :
Jefferson City, Dumpan Creek...-... 1,500 Starkey, Back Creek..-.- woeebee eens 400
Johnson City, Limestone Creek...... 1,000 Suffolk, Nansemond River........--. 300
Lancing, Rock Creek... ...........-- 1, 500 Tunstall, GarlickaPondss cece oe eae 500
McMinnvi' le, Charles Creek Pond... 400 || West Virginia:
Watertown, Fall Creek Pond........ 1,000 Cloverlick, Thorny Creek..........-- 325
Virginia: Elkins, Tygarts Valley River......- 400
Ashland, Decarseau Pond........-.- 200 Phi'lipi, Whitman Pond.....-.. Eaaee 400
Atlee, Wheat’s pond................ 300 || Wisconsin: Stone Lake, Little Sissa-
Bedford, Thomas’s pond.......-...- 200 bagamathakerts sooo secon eee 136
Haysi, Russell Fork............-..-- 2,000
Hot Springs, Jackson River......... 325 Total @ aie aene.ns oan eeeres 83,055
WARMOUTH BASS.
Alabama: Florence, Holiway’s pond. . 450 || Mississippi: Aberdeen, Jones Creek... 800
Iowa:
Bellevue, Mississippi River........-.- 6 7,710 Total 3eg5) 25 eee 9, 220
North McGregor, Mississippi River.. b 260
SUNFISH (BREAM).
Alabama: Alabama—Continued.
Alberta, Henley’s pond... : 400 Greenville, Beeland Mill Pond....-. 400
Ashby, Blue Spring Pond F 800 iBontwell’spond=: 2-2 e+ see eee 400
Atmore, Boone’s pond.. 400 Hour MilolPonder es oeemere scenes 1, 200
Hurricane Pond.......... ae 800 McKenzie’s pond.............-.-.- 600
Bankston, Clear Creek Pond.......- 800 MillPond 22 eecser ae s-e sneer 1,000
Bayou Labatre, Little River........ 375 Pigeon Cre@kean- seeccer en e=c eee 1, 200
Bessemer, Shoal Creek. .....2..2.... 800 Pine Barron Creek........2.----=- 400
West Lake.-..-..-.---.----2.--.-- 800 Rouse Mill Pond..............---- 600
Birmingham, Black Creek..........- 800 PhagardsMillseOn@ces sens see meee 1, 400
Blount Springs, Blount Springs Guin, Markham’s pond.............- 400
CnC Rar ae Sobel egnceccsOnnceeee se: 400 Hackleburg, Green’s pond........... 200
Boaz, Brown’s pond.............--- 400 || Haleyville, Bear Creek.............. 400
Brantle ; Johnson’s pond..........- 400 Hamburg, Tarry Pond........-..... 200
Rowell’s pon Geeneasee ese see seee a= 200 Vaughan Lake.....--..-.-...---.- 1,000
Bridgeport, Valley View Pond...... 400 Hartford, Leddon’s pond...-.....-..- 300
Calera, Newala Pond................ 200 Headland, Blue Pond............... 400
Camden, Bonner’s ponds............ 1,000 Hodge, Hodge Reservoir. ...-..-.-.- 600
Castleberry,, li POnGs. 2s coasennee 250 Inverness, Cogdell’s pond. ..--..-.-.- 400
Clanton, Headley’s pond............ 800 Jasper, Black Warrior River...-.-... 1,600
Cuba, Culpepper’s pond (A)......... 400 Blackwater Creek.........----..-- 1,200
Culpepper’s pond (B)............- 400 Long’s pond ts ScCROHOCNSS SEES 200
Delaine’s pond.................--- 400 [ones Pond) (BS) -tccescn as5ee en 1,000
Cullman, Baier’s pond..............- 400 Sunlight Bonds is. ---css-ceedenes 800
Oy ’S POMU S222 nc censcemenesese- = 400 Keener, Brandon’s pond......-.---- 200
Cusseta, Davis Creek.............-.- 400 La Pine, Perdue’s pond............. 300
Dozier, Frazier’s pond..............- 400 Letohatchie, McPherson’s pond..... 400
Thomason’s pond ::: 2222-252. 2 322. 400 IPING@ILAKOM- cansee ncn soars anes 400
Evergreen, Braxton’s pond.......... 400 Wihitley?s pond... <cre mane scceee ee 200
Brooks’s ponds ssesseete cans see 400 Lineville, Carroll’s pond. ..-..-.-.-. 400
Woleman’s pond !s spose ee ee eee 600 Livingston, McCain’s pond.......... 600
GY 7S Pond eee ee ee 400 Loachapoke, Robertson’s pond...... 400
McGraw/7s pond S25. nes 600 Lowndesboro, McCurdy’s pond..... 800
Moorer’s pond *ss222.- seco eens eee 400 Reese Pond (ec ce ee eon soesee 800
Ballers POnd 27.22). a55- Ae eee 600 Luverne, Bozeman’s pond. ...-...... 400
Fayette, Beard’s pond.............. 200 Wodiyis pond tecrese- moecs-- 2+ -m 200
ones Mill GEE) eae aes Serta aie 800 Horn’s pond. ------..---- 2-2. a. 300
Musgrove Mill Pond............... 600 Ud PenSISPONG. occ eass cess sc cece 400
Fort Deposit, Davis’s pond.......... 400 Kendrick’sponds:::-...:.....2... 500
Gadsden, Big Canoe Creek.......... 200 Weleh:s pandanencecsncsss-seseeee 400
Gordo, Mullican’s pond............. 600 || Wolfe’spond............ oe 850
Goshen; HilPsipondssct 2 os... e 200 McGehees, Crenshaw’s pond........ 400
Greensboro, Sherwood Pond........ 200 McWilliams, Lamkin’s pond........ 200
Stickney’s'pond::.-.. 2... sek... 200 || Madison, Fairdale Lake............. 800
a Exclusive of 1,800 lost in transit.
b Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
67
* Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
SUNFISH—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Alabama—Continued. Arkansas:
Madison, Fletcher’s pond........--- . 800 Biscoe, Gold Medal Lake...........- 1, 200
Marion, Grantham’s pond 55 200 Black Rock, Black River....-.....- a 2,320
Midland, Echo Pond..... 150 Browns Lake, Black River...-.....-- a 495
Sewell Lake............ 150 Charleston, McDonald’s pond. ....-. 300
Midway, Seay’s pond.......- = 200 Forest City, Trapp’s pond...-.-.... 1,500
Monroe, Double Branches.......---- 600 Manson) Black River... .\./-2-.--...-- a 5,075
Montgomery, Big Whitewater Lake - 400 Okolona, Farm Pond............... 300
ClabWakore seus sscce-eeecceere es 1,200 Ozan, Smisson Farm Pond.......... 300
Little Whitewater Lake........-.- 600 Ozark, Dean’s pond................. 300
Mill Credks eaten set ec sees mean 600 || Colorado:
ce Siding, Horseshoe Lake. . - - 400 Lamar, Two Buttes Lake..........- 450
Newbern, Allen’s pond........-.---- 400 Loveland, Bestle Lake.............- 400
Oak Grove, Davis Mill Pond....-.... 800 Lake Wovelands 2222-5 2 6c02 5-5. 250
Oneonta, Burnett’s pond............ 200 Miramonte, Carter Lake.....-.....-- 250
Kent/spondeereces scene. cede csc 200 Wirays OliveHake =e occcccccsscce cel 250
Opelika, Cress View Lake......-.--- 600 Robbs*bakess ee es ea 250
AKG WONGDYeee nee was cote met ec acc 400 ZED DAKO aces sete ea eee 250
Opp, Bermuda Pond..........-.-.-- 600 || Connecticut: '
dgar Spring Pond........-.-.--- 650 Deep River, Crystal Pond........... 150
Hrazier’s pond - = iesccecss sees. cent 400 East Haddam, Joshua Pond......-.. } 2,400
Gardner’s pond.-.-.......-...---- 600 Rockville, Poehnert’Pond.........- 150
Owassa, Ward Pond...............- 400 || Florida:
Phil Campbell, Dismal Pond....--.-. 800 Bascom, Bonnett Pond..-........--- 600
IPetersis ponG'-==-22---ee==-=-2--- 200 Cottondale, Cole Pond..........---.- 900
Pike Road, Barnett’s pond..-....--.. 800 Palmore, Palmore Pond..-..-....-.-- 300
Pine Apple, Melton-Hale Pond...--. 200 Quincy, Bruce’s pond.......-..-..-- 600
Pine Hill, Sheffield’s pond......-..-- 800 Windermere, Lake Besssie...-.-.-.--- 900
Pyriton, Shadix’s pond.....--...--- 200 || Georgia:
Ramer, Brick Mill Pond.......-.--- 200 Adrian, Flanders’s pond.........-.- 200
Riderwood, Lake Cavezel-..-..-.----- 600 Albany, Tift’s pond...... E 200
Roanoke, Taylor’s pond..........-- 400 Amboy, Haman’s pond. ..-.. 400
(Ussery7s pond. aa see ec ce == 400 Americus, Council Mill Pond.....-.--| 600
Russellville, Hester’s pond... 400 MillkPondt< see eee sas ae | 600
Scottsboro, Blacks Creek....... 800 Ranew’s pond -2=.teccescose sees 300
Seale, Anderson’slake.......-.--.-- 400 Ashburn, Raney’s pond............- 200
Sellers, Beck’s pond...........---.-- 400 Shivers’sipondeeseses scene ce nee 200
Selma, Elkdale Lake..........------ 2,000 Avera, Hudson Pond............--- 400
Harrison’s pond:.\..-.-.-5¢2<--2225 400 Athens, Jones’s pond............---- 200
Shellhorn, Belser-Cochran Pond..... 400 Waterworks Pond...............- 400
Snowhill, Powell’s pond. --..------- 200 Atlanta, Dodson’s pond........-.-.- 150
Sprague, Esdraelon’s pond..--.-...-. 200 Johns Pond® tet 258225258 - 200
Walter's pond: <2 5-2. -c sees. see 400 Meadow Lake............-.-<2..-- 400
Sulligent, Brown’s pond.......---.. 400 Augusta, Millner Pond.............- 1,000
Buckelew’s pond.....--.-------.-- 400 Osceola ake@.n225s52522555253s5<2- 200
Sweetwater, Hatch’s pond.......... 200 Booneville, Wilson’s pond....-.-...-- 200
Sweetwater Pond...........--.-.-. 200 Boston, Miller’s pond........-..-.- 400
Sylacauga, Bryant’s pond........... 200 Bowman, Hewell’s pond..........-.- 100
Talladega, Chambers Lake.......--- 600 Buchanan, Bush’s pond........-.... 100
Troy, Anderson’s pond......-..--.. 200 Butler, Bartlett Mill Pond.......... 400
Blain Ponds scene -seceee sewer 400 Byron, WippersPOuds- cease =< 600
IBOWENS MONG: a2 conse os So nna 200 Carrollton, Stalling’s pond ......-..-. 200
Henderson’s pond..........------- 900 Cave Springs, Little Cedar Creek... . 400
Jones’s pond 3) eee a eeeee 200 Chalker, Hattaway’s pond........-.. 200
Joneés’s pond (B)s<s252sss 8 222252 200 Colbert, Carithers’s pond............ 400
hee s pond aeaccsss cue e ee soto 400 College Park, Davis’s pond.........- 100
iS ssi ay G PES Recenscaqseeacaeder 400 Conyers, Gailey’s pond.............. 200
NorthcutsLakescoct <2 3.525. shee 400 Granade’spond=2. 222225222 52.5.2- 200
Sanders’s pond .-.ss<.0-..--.---... 400 Vellowehiver 5225255 =-sc8 2-42 600
Troy HONG! 22. s.wetes cox sce sles 600 Crest, Butts’s pond....-... - 200
Winslett Pond... 200 Mountain Pond.......... 200
Tyson, Dead Lake..........- 3 400 Culverton, Waller’s pond (/ 200
Garrett POnG oo sstes cose ress Sue se. 400 Waller's pond-€B) =:+:.222.2-22.5: 200
NONCGS hakOtssecrecesescscc=s 2-0-3 1,200 Cusseta,"Harp’s;pond 22252522 25 ioe. 200
Smith Lake. sscccssssscssscccs ese 400 Cuthbert, Martin’s pond...........- 600
Tyson bake. 222222isses$a2222 5522. 400 Peaks pond a23s5-ss5- oto oe 200
Union Sere, Fenn’s pond........ 200 Dacula, Frachiseur’s pond......-...- 200
Wetumpka, Ensign Pond........... 400 Damascus, Haddock’s pond......... 400
Silver Lake's s0sasessst seats 400 Dawson, Brown Mill Pond.......... 600
Winfield, Musgrove Lake........... 400 Douglasville, Elm View Pond....... 200
Whitney, Chrystal Spies Pond.... 400 Dover, Oliver’s pond................ 1,000
York, Altman’s pond =---22...-.22- 1,000 Duluth, Martin’s pond............-- 200
Youngblood, Howard’s pond......-.. 200 Shirloysipond= a2 2.250555 226%. 150
Arizona: Edison, Rambo’s pond...........-.. 200
Benson, Kiper’s pond........-.----- 100 Ellaville, Hanner’s pond..-.......-- 200
Willow Pondss. 5. eee 200 Folkston, Bakers Branch.........-. 200
Holbrook, Cast Iron Creek.......--. 450 Dixie Bakeresstr secs see oe ei. 400
Nogales, Guevave Pond........-.... 200 Forestville, Elner Lake.........-..-- 200
Pinto, Henning Lake............... 150 Fort Gaines, Foster’s pond........-.. 200
@ Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
68 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
SUN FISH—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Georgia—Continued. - Tllinois—Continued.
Gainesville, Waters’s pond........-- 150 ,Galena Junction, Mississippi River. . a 55, 500
Glenwood, Morrison’s pond......--- 400 Hanover, Mississippi River.......-.- a 20,900
Good Hope, East Lake...........-.- 200 Joliet, Hickory Creek..........-..--- 300
Bast Pond eee teen enc ee onic 600 Lena, Mammooser Lake..........-.- 800
HornWtakesceeseee as esa. > 600 Meredosia, Illinois River.....-....-- @79, 550
NorthiPord erect ce cc csces onaa=ci 400 Naperville, South Quarry Pond..... 200
West hekeeeee ee ones che rietoenio-es- 200 New Boston, Mississippi River... ..- 260, 044
Gough, Shaver Creek Pond.......-- 400 Nora, Apple River, East Branch.... 400
Grantville, Lambert Pond......-...- 200 Pana, Sidner’s ponds =. sc--2s6se.—5 1, 200
Greensboro, Sanders Mill Pond....-- 800 Philadelphia, Homestead Pond..... 300
Helena, Martin’s pond............-- 200 Scales ound, Mill Creakes3)-5 eee 400
Higgston, Morris’s pond......-..-.-- 600 Tunnel Hill, Beauman’s pond....... 150
Kingston, Harris’s pond..........-- 200 Warren, Apple River, East Branch. 220
Kite, Townsend’s pond...........-- 400 |} Indiana:
Lizella, McElmurry Pond.........-.- 200 Angola, Crooked Lake........-.---- 40
Lumpkin, Mercer Pond............- 400 Cedar Grove, Wedding’s pond...... 10
Pitts Pondissnt accesses aes ace 300 Cloverdale, McKamey’s pond....... 100
McIntyre, Jackson’s pond..........- 200 Edinburg, Sugar Creek.............- 400
Mableton, Glore’s pond.......-.-.-- 200 Elkhart, St Joa River 1c. oea oe 40
-Mansfield, Adams Pond.-.....-.-.-.- 200 Greensburg, Grays Lake...........- 100
Marietta, Old Waterworks Lake..... 600 McCoy lake s22i2- 2) 2-5 seer ee 1,000
Matthews, Goodin Mill Pond....... 400 Marion, Gards Pond...............- 400
Smith’s pond: . 2244-24: sess 400 Plymouth, Dixon Lake............- 800
Monroe, Club Pond= es seeeseseesse<e 600 Pretty Wakes. cece. soces= sneer 800
Poplar Pond. os3- ene ecwemtoet = 200 Ramsey, Smith’s pond......--..--.- 200
Montezuma, Minor Pond...-..-......- 200 Sharpsville, Becker’s pond...-......- 400
ShilonePond ts. catesecee cnet cnene 200 Spencer, Ludlow Lake.......-.-...- 400
Moultrie, Clear Branch.............. 600 Whiteland, Waterloo Pond........- 100
Willow Spring Pond.............- 400 Wilkinson, Perry Lake............- 400
Nacoochee, Nacoochee River.......- 300 Williamsburg, Elm Lake........-..- 400
Omega, Powell Pond............-.. 100 Winchester, Funk’s lake..-.-....-..-- 400
Pelham; Pelham;honds-s2esseeces-- 200 || Towa:
Perkins, Jackson Pond.............-. 1,000 Albia; Stason’s pond. sess-msce= mae 100
Putnam, Johnson Lake............- 600 Wild Goose Ridge Pond........-- 100
Quitman, Black Gum Pond........- 1,000 Ames, Springdale Pond...........-- 250
Raymond, Raymond Lake........-.- 800 Bellevue, Mississippi River........- 491, 460
Rebecca, Nosworthy’s pond........- 600 Clayton, Mississippi River.....-.-.- 4200
Red Oak, Woodrow Pond.......... 150 Cresco; lowa/ River... 25. ---2-eeesess 150
Renfroes, Smith’s pond...........-.- 200 Turkey, Rivers ---224-025 =ee eee 150
Richlands Mill Pond saps ee 400 Fairport, Mississippi River..-..-..-.-.- @34, 602
Rockmart, County Line Pond.....-. 100 Green Island, Mississippi River... - a12,500
Rome; Hloyd’s pond---5- see oe 200 Guttenburg, Mississippi River.....- 2300
Shellman, Crittenden’s pond.....-... 200 Hesper, Oakland Cottage Pond..... 100
WastiVakes scone: -<claciatone 400 Iowa Falls, Iowa River.....-------- 1, 500
Social Circle, Sluder Pond.........-.. 400 Manchester, Maquoketa River.....-. 2,000
Smiths ponds ons sesece eee 400 North McGregor, Mississippi River-.- 19,495
Springvale, Hill’s pond..........-.. 200 Perry, Raccoon River.......-------- 300
Statesboro, Williams’s pond.......-. 600 Pleasant Creek, Mississippi River... 210,000
Silesboro, Cannon’s pond............ 300 Sny Magill, Mississippi River. ..-.... a4, 500
Swainsboro, McKinney Pond....... 400 Yellow River, Mississippi River..... a1, 000
Ohoopee Rivera. sco. so. -ereepoce 400 || Kansas:
PVOUMANS PONG scecee her enee emer 600 Chanute, Hurt’s pond.............-- 200
Sylvester, Bowen’s pond...........- 400 Fort Scott, Sheeler Lake...........- 400
Bozeman’ s/PONG 4 sce- eee aces ce 200 Parsons, Labette Creek.....-.......- 300
Tallapoosa, Pope’s pond..........-- 100 Winona, Felts-Jackson Pond........ 100
Thomasville, Rehberg’s pond....... 50 || Kentucky:
Roddenby’sipond.2.= -...aeaseeu 50 Boston Station, Burlew’s pond...... 100
Sith pond. o sacoucese eee ee 50 Corbin; King’s pond = 5.2. ..ane ese 200
Smith-Moreland Pond.........-.. 50 Covington, Willow Springs Pond.... 200
Wiheseler’s Pond .o-2 secs se cenee cee 100 Crab Orchard, Livingston’s pond.... 200
Thomson, Big Branch Pond...-..-- 600 Devong, Spring Lake..............- 500
Gibson’s pond te) n cos eae Pee 400 Edgeton, Anderson’s pond.......-... 200
Gibson’s pond (B)j.2 2s... secesee 400 Given’s pond....... RP SEGS ALS 400
Upatoie, Sizemore’s pond..........- 400 McKenzie Lake.......-.-....-.-- 500
Vanna, Tucker’s pond.......-..-...- 200 Salles Pondincasenceneaeensoaeeee 400
Vidalia, Rountree’s pond......-...- 200 Steep Hull Pond ce acess eecem= ee = = 600
Wadley, Caldwell’s pond............ 200 Tandys p0nd....ccceesceotessceee 200
Warrenton, Cason’s pond.........-- 400 Eubank, Maple Pond..........-.... 200
Whitesburg, Chatham’s pond....... 150 Florence, Hanaker’s pond Lomaeneniees 200
Winder, Junior Pond. .........-.... 400 Glasgow, Whitehead’s pond......... 100
Sunnybrook Pond...........---.-. 200 Horse Cave, Hall’s pond....-....---- 400
Woodbury, Sims Spring Pond...... 180 Hardys poudesccwersasena== == 457 400
Tilinois: ‘ Louisville, Beargrass Creek......-.... 3,300
Apple River, Apple River, North arrOUs Creeksce a. seLe<nusctecess 1,300
1SFer Taye tie eae ee Reel eee 400 Lake Lansdowne.........--------- 1,000
Belleville, Dewey Lake...........-. 1, 200 Madisonville, Pritchett’s pond. ..... 100
Blanding, Mississippi River......... @21, 500 BalomelPond =. s.cuscssbemeeoee 100
Carrollton, Lake of the Woods.....-.- 300 Morehead, Triplett Creek........--.-- 400
Freeport, Waters of Illinois........- 7,150 Morning View, Carlisle’s pond....... 200
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
Disposition.
Kentucky—Continued,
Murray, Parker’s pond.........--.--
Nebo, Herron’s ponds.........-.----
Nicholasville, Vince’s pond.........
Pewee Valley, Confederate Home
Guthrie's pond-----..c-----saseu==
Smiths Grove, Moon’s pond.........
Springfield, Spaulding’s pond.......
hitesburg, Clay’s pond..-......--.-
Louisiana:
Alexandria, Carter’s pond..........-
Baton Rouge, Amite River..-......-
Mississippi River.....------------
Umiversitylake =’ 22s os. cc sae ons =
Cades, Fremin’s pond..............-
Choudrant, Crescent Lake..........
Church Point, Daigle’s pond........
Dubach, Lake Dubach...-.......-...-
Ethel, Schutzmann’s pond....-....-.
Hackley, Thomas’s pond....-..-..-
Haynesville, Braselton’s pond.-....-
Homer, Fortson’s pond.........-.--
Johnsons pond'= ~~ 2-5-5 ssnee ees
McElwee’s pond........-..----.--
Natchitoches, Cane River Lake....-
Shreveport, Clear Lake. ....-..--..--
Whitman, Woodville Pond........-.
aryland:
Branchville, McKinley’s pond.....-
Hagerstown, Antietam Creek...-...-
Conoccocheague Creek.....-..-...
Millers, Hoover’s pond......---...--
Roslyn, Kdobr’s pond: < sa te -nse a=
Seneca, Potomac River.............
Woodensburg, Wooden’s pond......
Massachusetts:
Clinton, Wauschacum Lake.
Falmouth, Bournes Pond.
Plymouth, Moreys Pond.......-..--
Michigan:
epee Hubbard: Lake. 5<. 2.32
HSIN oe Seana esceee sonar
Belleville, Susterka Lake..........-.
Cassopolis, Stone Lake........-..---
Lake, Crooked Lake......-...-.---.
Marquette, Wittler’s lake. ..........
Rose Center, South Buckhorn Lake.
Warren, Harwood’s pond.......-...
White Cloud, Big Robinson Lake...
M
NAPA KO. om. weitclas posse sone ae =
NOS AKO cs eter se ccomeae tee
Minnesota:
Clearbrook, Olson: Lake: ....5-..> 305.
Homer, Mississippi River-.-......-..-
Pelican Rapids, Lake Lizzie........
Mississippi River. .-...-.
Red Wing
Windom, Fish Lake...........-..-.
Worthington, Lake Okabena........
Mississippi:
Aber een, ipaker Wake. . 4. 2aeesks
Amory, Coudrey’s pond.............
Belmont, Spencer’s pond...-.-..-..--
Bentonia, Plainview Plantation
Pond ere aess scecs eee
Booneville, Mason’s pond.
MaM Branches. 2 o.sa02 ho
Canton, Bourgeois’s pond..-.......-
Catdwell Wake... secede beee sees
JOHES/E ONG: on soswcasere seen Soe
AV SEONG mem at eis ana etecu deans cas
"RYOUUIHATRE ONG. oo8 5 daceaeet -sS<c
Capleville, Evans’s pond...........-
- Como, Wallace’s pond..............
SUNFISH—Continued.
Mississippi—Continued.
Corinth, McClintock’s pond
Young’s pond
Friar Point, Mississippi River
IW Se oo Sceponcso a aose ss -
Fulcher, Snow’s pond
Gattman, Arnold’s
Harriston, Freem
Hickory, Deavitt’
McCary’s pond
Hickory Flat, Brownlee’s pond. ....
Holcomb, Staten’s pond
Davidson Lake
Stephen’s pond
Learned, MeNair’s pond
Lorman, China Grove Lake
McAdams, Gilbert’s pond
McCall Creek, Coward’s pond
McCool, Rook’s pond
Paulette Lake
Magnolia, Minnehaha Creek
Mathiston, Blythes Pond
Pheba , Bennett's pond.
Philadelphia, Boguechito Lake.....-
Tavis spond. osc
Mitchell’s pond
Williams’s pond
Decatur, Hollingsworth’s pond......
Ecru, Spencer’
Flora, Collum’s pond
Simpson’s pond
prime tiale Soo! onc ee
Kilmichael, Thompson Pond....---
Meridian, Bailey’s pond
Ethridge’s pond
Fairchild Lake
Lakeview Lake
Queen City Lake
Rushe Mill Pond
Weems’s pond
Natchez, Elgin Pond
Fowler’s pond
New Albany, Phyfer’s pond.........
Newton, Chapman’s pond
Kennedy’s pond
Ocean Springs, Simmons’s pond.....
Pattison, Gilston’s pond
Pontotoc, Watson Pond............-
Reform, Kellum’s pond
Ripley, Pearce’s pond
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
Disposition.
Mississippi—Continued.
Selma, Miller’s pond................
Sessums, Castle’s pond (A).......-..-.
Castle’s pond (B)
Castle’s poud (C)
Shannon, Crubaugh’s pond..........
Shuqualak, Bell’s pon
Hleminpyspundereen ss. eee ce
McWiegd’sponueseet ae. - ae oes
Mack's pond earnest seess oun es
Silver Creek, Allen Lake......-- sent
Soso, Powell’s | 910) £1 ly iehsnetee e
Starkville, Bell’s pond (A)-.-.........
Bell’s ponds) sreseee see eee
Bell's pontG)ee-eeer ee cee ase.
Bell's poridi@D eaten c ens s eee ee
KennardispondiCa)eeenre a ee
Kennard’s pond (B)...-......--..-
Lewis's pond2*222.-62- 2 esses
Meadowview Pond........-..--.--
Norris's pond'sseeeceres- esa eee
Old Scout Club Lake............--
Rice’s pond
Smithis pond (A)222t2 esc enacensce
Smithis pond: (5) 22-225-022040-0-=
Smiths ponds. (©) haesa aa asee eee
Wellborn Pond s222252222>s62 5"
Steens, Nickles’s pond..--..........
Sturgis, Shady Grove Pond......
Summerland, Grissom’s pond
Tupelo, Clover Hill Pon
inaltontPhondeee ss cess eee ae
Take’ View =a. eresc- cnc occe arene
Wocust Ponds teeter ssn cease
Mocust=HalliPonde ses. epee
Unions Rock Ponda tes. - ee aan
Smith’s PONCE aes sso aee ee eee
Utica, Broome’s pond (A)..........-
Broome’s pond (B)-.......-----.-.-
Vaiden, Samek’s pond.........-.-.-
Vardaman, Cable’s pond............
Vicksburg, Bell View Pond..-.......
Cemetery Lake...........------...
Gesell’sipond 222522225250 sceeee ore
bible wakermss Ss 222252285. aso
Waveland, Anderson’s pond........
Woodville, Roland’s pond...........
Missouri:
Hallsville, Mitchell’s pond..........
Independence, Swinney’s pond...-..-
Walnut Grove Pond...........-..-
Joplin, Sloan‘s poudeee=.s2555.--=-6
Kansas City, Lake of the Woods... -
Silver Lakeso-22s5ce-ssss522 pete
Lamar, Jackson’s pond.....
Lebanon, Kneedler’s pond
Neosho, Hickory Greekiissss5ie3
Indian Croekiss3 52) ssccs ssn e eee
Nevada, Katy Allen Lake.........-.
Phillipsburg, Warner’s pond......-.
Pierce City, Shipman’s pond.....-...
Saginaw, Morsman’s pond ee
Seligman, Roller’s pond..........--.-
Sweet Springs, Hulse’s pond...-..-.-
Thayer, Olbricht’s pon
West Plains, Summers’s pond......-
wit Ponds. eccses- eens sees ae ee
Montana: Miles City, Yellowstone
Rivers 15052 snteee See seme eee
New Hampshire: Concord, Contoocook
RAVOD. 2 32 s42 sess tnsassee sone eeee eee
New Jersey:
Burlington, Delaware River.........
Dunnellen, Tuttle’s pond..........-
Flemington, Fauss’s pond...........
Hopewell, Moore’s pond......-...---
Penns Grove, Layton Lake..-..-.....
New Mexico:
Capitan, Dean’s pond.............-.
Des Moines, Edmonson’s pond..... -
SUNFISH—Continued.
Number. Disposition. Number.
New Mexico—Continued.
250 Elida hocust Pond == tee sees 50
300 Engle, Lake B. M. Hall..........-.- 1, 200
300 Estancia, Alamos Pond...........-- 150
300 Folsom, ‘Howey’s PONS = ase cee 150
300 Kenna, Carmichael’s pond..-......-.. 100
400 Caito!S}pond 82. seen cee - == ee 50
400 Chaversisionds}- eet ee eaeise 50
400 ChinalGrove "Pond 2") a 100
400 Cooper's Ponda2- 2 seen ee aes 50
600 Culimispondieee eee eee 50
600 DGWG6ese SPO == ote n ase ee 50
400 LY7S PONG Eee sees eee 50
400 Good’spond 2222522 ee este senses 100
400 ENS PONG ete 5 en sae eae 50
400 iMinter's ponds atm enc oo eeeeee 50
600 Littlefield’s pond (A)......-...--. 50
300 Littlefield’s pond (B)-..-.......-.-. 50
300 Rechard:sipendises-< 52 sss. sence oe 50
600 Rogers's pond s2- ces. eens ae a 50
300 Savage’s pond =:22 9.2." - 2 oan 50
600 Slack’spond === 2h2s5-22e eae 50
300 SiLOUG Si Pond sasoenae ese see 50
300 Roswell, Club Lake........-.-...--- 200
300 Cottonwood *"Hake=s2=s= F- 2: s-2-=- 200
300 Wigore bight Haket os: 2 - se. -=see- 100
300 ‘Lake Dimmits2) osese ras. coe eee 100
300 Lake Bstherss222 2222 22cs2222-2-- 100
800 Take Jiilia ss gece eee eee 200
600 Lea Lake ee ee eae aoe 100
200 Rainbow Lake:20--2---- se sa -ee =e 100
400 Socorro, Chambon’s pond.........-- 300
200 || New York: Hartsdale, Fishers Pond.. 150
200 || North Carolina:
200 Auburn, Ferrill’s pond.. 200
250 Brevard, Lake Elvira... 300
250 Catawba, Setzer’s pond...--.......- 100
200 Charlotte, Grandy’s pond..-........- 800
300 Lakewood! Pond).:< 4. -=.-- 222-=- 600
600 Cliffside, Fairview Pond-.-.........- 100
400 Concord, Big Bear Creek.......-..-- 285
100 Dunn, Baggett’s ponds... 222. - 200
200 ilkin:CobbiGredicaeseeeae == as= ee 800
100 Elk Park, Little Elk River.........- 400
100 Eufola, Academy Pond..-.........-- 600
150 Greensboro, Lake Summit........-.. 200
375 Lake Wilpong.-...-.5--.2522---5-2- 200
Hendersonville, Lily Pond.....-..-... 200
200 Hickory, nee sreek: Pond...-...2<: 500
400 High Point, Coe Branch Pond.....- 200
200 Walnut Band.:.% eos wc 200
98 Lake Junaluska, Lake Junaluska.... 300
150 Lattimore, Hughey’s ond LSas 25% 100
500 Marshville, Fairview Pond.........- 200
3.000 Marsh’s ponG.sasos-sceesccccuu eee 200
600 Meadowland Pond...........----- 200
26, 000 eliss ONG see eee eee a ecesemee 200
3, 000 Simpson’s:pond....02.52...222..2. 200
600 Monroe, Griffin’s pond......-..-.--- 200
200 Hargett’s pond......-- ape ee ey 200
300 Mick 2Branch seem .e oe e-ee ee ean 400
500 North Wilkesboro, Curtis Pond. 400
500 Frazier-Jennings Pond...... 300
400 EISEN S PONG sa. cee cae ='aa oa 200
500 Henren PonGsses22 Fee. ess te 400
1,000 Pee Dee, Blewett Falls Pond.......- 360
500 Raleigh, Dowtors Lake.........--..- 400
Mountains PONG) s-< ce a-cne sok sas 200
100 Milburmie Pond 3223s .2ccsseesesc5 400
Myattis pondie ce ecece see =e =e - 200
150 Neuseoco Pong... -. 5-22 s<.22-.-.. 400
Richardson Lake.....-.-.-.-.----- 200
300 Rutherfordton, Holland’s pond..... 200
100 || Selica, Spring Field Lake........-.. 200
si 100 Shoals, Scott’s pond..........-..-.-- 400
100 Wake Forest, Bailey’s pond......... 200
200 Davis's pOnGiCA)!-cc-----2-+---nee 100
Davis's pond (B)=<---'-<-. -= <1: wae 200
100 Washington, Broad Creek..-.....-.--- 400
150 Broad Creek Mill Pond...........- 400
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
SUN FISH—Continued.
Disposition.
North Carolina—Continued.
Washington, Upper Broad Creek ...
Wilkesboro, Hall’s pond......-.-.--
Hall Malis Ponds << 202. ssce one
North Dakota:
Petrel, Lemmon Lake......--..-----
St. John, Lakes of Rolette County-.-
Ohio:
Akron, East Lake.......-.-.--------
Long Lake.......-.
Nesmith Lake........--
Turkeyfoot Lake Lisle
Wrestitiake sate nessa sascee ae a mn
Barton, Shady Pond........--------
Batavia, Great Meadows Pond....--
Cleveland, Owezarek’s pond
Robinwood Pond
Oklahoma:
Ardmore, Buckhorn Creek. .-...-----
Chilly Greakir 2s: ieee er tae
Lone Grove Lake.....-...--------
Oill@redkssse sche cs sess
Armstrong, State Hatchery Ponds. -
Britton, Albright Pond
Covington, Doak Lake.......-------
Kingfisher, Box Springs Pond.....-.-
Lone Grove, Anderson’s pond....-.-
Scrivner’s pond
Lula, Turrentine’s pond........-----
Lyons, Mattox’s pond........-------
angum, Reeves’s pond....--------
Mooreland, Meadowbrook Lake. ..--
Mountain View, Oak Creek. ....----
Muskogee, Buell’s Pend eee
Norman, Morrison’s pond......-----
mae ete ONG nis) = aaa = nine a
Orlando, Beaver Valley Pond....-..
Brase’s pond
Perry, Hageman’s pond...-..-.----.
Marshbank’s pond.......---------
Pagel’s pond. ...-.- Se ssSossse7eige
Pittsburg, Lake Austin..........-..
Poteau, Perse Lake....-..----.-.--.-
Purcell, Camden’s pond.......--.---
Chapel Hill Pon
Robbins, linois River, Barren Fork
Sallisaw, Bald Knob Pond.......-..-
Stillwater, Johnson’s pond..........
Rifle Ranpeeond. 2. <5----55+ <6
Strong City, Spring Creek Pond...
Vici, South Persimmon Pond
Waurika, Stewart Lake.............
Woodward, Bass Lake........--.....
Wa vas pONGee aco eac eee = ee
East Persimmon Pond..........-.
Geismar’s pond
Greere On -s 2-5 een e ee Saloniqte
Lohr’s pond
SEA Re pee coc ener ote aa aae
Sand Creek Lake...........-..-..-
West Persimmon Pond......---..
pcdPor Wake. 5. ...--.-'. sca seg2
Wynnewood, Thrasher’s pond......
Pennsylvania:
Altoona, Juniata River..........-.-..
Bellefonte, Bald Eagle Creek.......-
Dowingtown, Brandywine Creek....
East Petersburg, Gingrich Pond....
GOT WiUnneses see tienes cls as
Miller Pond
Snipe Creek
Number.
- 900
v1
Disposition.
Brane
Hyndman, Wills Creek.....---.-.---
Lancaster, Pequea Creek.........-..
Lititz, Bricker’s pond......-......--
Doe Run Pond
Safe Harbor, Meadow Valley Run...
Somerfield, Bridgeport Pond........
Whiteland, Valley Creek..........-..
South Carolina:
Aiken, Glover’s pond.....-.-...-...
Walson?sipondSecese-soe- cen > aa
Alcott, Stuckey’s pond....--.---....
Blythewood, Cannon’s pond........
Branchville, Smoak’s pond..........
Camden, Hermitage Pond...........
Columbia, Bay Pond
Cobb’s pon
Condarspondtee ses eesa nasa ania
IMe@ssers Wakes sc accesses coca re
Snows huilMPond ses sssc5 ss sesec eee =
Greenwood, Cuffeetown Creek.......
Kathwood, Hollow Creek.......-....
Kershaw, Hilton’s PONG esses Seciane
Wane. Paket Pond om.. sen eee canes
Montmorenci, Jones’s pond..........
Ninety Six, Cotton Mill Pond.......
Orangeburg, Caw Caw Pond........
Dukes’s pany ssse-e aoc ces- ee
IUPHeS Spon son eos secre =e
Jamison’s pond :
Pine Creek Pond
Riddles pound se ~~~ sees
SCOLUS PONG seclea esas a aae aeons
Wimen’s pond) seen emcees tos
Pelion, Cedar Creek Pond......-.....
Rock Till, Fennell’s pond......-....
MUL DONG: ee are aoe So. Se eso
St. Mathews, Millwood Pond........
Riley Pond
Seivern, Juniper Pond..............
Sumter, Cain’s mill pond..........-
Pocalla Lake = jcc2es-54csncs ee Seed
Swansea, Rhird Pond..............-
Trenton, Padgett’s pond............
Wedgefield, McRae Mill Pond....-..
Westminster, Dickerson’s pond.....
Windsor, Spring Branch............
Winnsboro, Little River............
South Dakota:
Hermosa, Cold Spring Lake.......-.
Sioux City, Waters of South Dakota.
Tennessee:
Ashland City, Sycamore Creek......
Bolivar, Ferguson’s pond.........-..
Brunswick, Jones’s pond.........---
Cedar Hill, Red River, Sulphur Fork |
Number.
72
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
SUNFISH—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Tennessee—Continued. Virginia—Continued.
Collierville, Grass View Pond....... 400 Raphine) Hays Creekisce <wa..im le ontoies 400
Ropers poud sapeeee eee nns a= -== 400 Rectortown, Rawlings’s pond.....-. 200
Covington, Roane’s pond....--..-.--- 400 Rice, Meador’s pond...........-.--- 200
Davidson, Highland Lake.-......-.--. 400 Richmond, Altamont Farm Pond. 200
Erwin, Banner’s pond...-....-..----- 300 Johnson's pond! = -- scone aoe 200
Ethridge, Tinsley’s pond.......-.--- 1,000 Neuman’s pond........ 100
Farner, Ironsburg Lake........--..-- 400 Yahley’s pend ee oe 300
Fulton Ginde Pond <2 ao... 2 sence 600 Ridgeway, Jones’s pond...... 100
Gadsden, Willow Pond........---.- 600 Rose Hill, Shelburne Lake 100
Germantown, Klein’s pond....-.-..-. 400 Shadwell, Hemley’s pond 100
Kerrville, Cannon’s pond..........- 400 Suffolk, Lake Georve.- "=. <5. aoe 300
Leoma, Ferguson’s ond est -pere 400 Take Savages...) -cesccce eee eee 300
Lexington, Davis’s pond.........--- 750 Lakelrang ull 2.222. os See eee 300
Manchester, Duck River, Barren Norfleet Ponds cs -saee eee ince 600
MOT 6 oes satin chee acne ee aels 1, 200 Riddick’si pond) —5.o2ce.=riocinast- 300
Memphis, Goat Lake.......--.------ 600 Sutherlin, Baptist Pond.........--- 100
Mont Eaglo, Secruggs’s pond........- 600 Birchiereck. PONG s+ sas-2ac0s eae 400
Nashville, Woodward’s pond.......- 200 Sweet Hall, Custis Club Lake....... 500
Oakland, Mewborn’s mill pond ..... 400 Vinita, Vinita Pond) 2.252.556. soe 125
Puryear, Atkins’s pond. -....---.--- 600 Waverly, Drewery Pond........--.-. 500
Selmer, Sunnyside Lake........-.-- 600 Harreli-Gray, LONG ess oo seer coer 400
Somerville, Walside Lake.........-.- 800 Shady Grove Lake...............- 400
Summitville, Big Meadow Pond... 600 Wellville, Beville’s pond..........-.- 100
Tazewell, Sutton’s pond..........-- 100 Grows Pond... -+.-- 2. esos 300
Virginia: West Point, Marston’s pond.......- 400
Ashland, McCarsear Pond........--- 200 Wytheville, Reed Creek..........-..- 500
Beaver Dam, Beaver Dam Lake.... 600 Yale, Spring View Pond..........-- 500
ETATTIS;S PONG = econ seas c eedtoe's 150 || West Virginia:
Bedford, Thomas’s pond....-....-.-- 100 Dundon) BiG Rivels-no eee se eee 800
Waldman’s pond 55-20 e asec 2 200 Holiday’s Cove, Liberty Pond.....-. 20
Wangfield’spond2- on snececeee- os 200 Martinsburg, Patterson’s pond...... 150
Bland, Helveys Mill Creek Pond. 200 Morgantown, Cobun’s Creek ..-....-. 1, 200
Walkers Pond... ..2.... 2s 3 Philippi, Lantz’s pond............-- 400
Walkers Big Creek.......---.----- 400 West Alexander, Blayney’s pond... 100
Chase City, Lilly Pond.............- 100 |} Wisconsin:
Terry? Pond <2. een oe seceee eee 100 Bagley, Mississippi River.........-- 21,000
Concord, Stratton’s pond..-.-..-.--.- 200 Bay City, Mississippi River........- a 475
Delvale, Coxes Creek.........------- 100 Clear Lake, Poplar Grove Pond..... 200
Stewart Pond se) esses. soe commer 100 Cross Plains, Btoppleworls pond .. 300
Dry Fork, Harper’s pond.....--....- 150 Galesville, Lake Marinuka.......... 500
Emporia, Goodwyn’s pond.......-... 300 Genoa, Mississippi River.........-.. a1,740
Jones Pond eee ee eee 500 Glenhaven, Mississippi River....... 2300
MumMer Pond =. <seeces oes ee aeons 400 La Crosse, Crooked Creek. -.-...-...-- 1,000
iaysi; Russell Mork. 2-2 .-e=- soe. 100 Holmen MallPond= =~ 22 eee 500
Houston, Stony Branch Pond...-.... 100 Mississippi Rivers 2s2022,--c0-5--e a 226,300
Irwin, East Leake Pond...........- 125 Neshonoce Mill Pond............-- 500
Lawrenceville, Great Creek.......-- 800 Ladysmith, Bog Lake............... 400
Midlothian, Morrissette’s pond)=2 ===. 100 Superior, Amnicon Lake...........- 2,100
Mila. Ica'Pondhy See. Cece Meee 150 || Tunnel City, Idlewild Pond......... 400
Mount Holly, Mount Holly Pond... 150 West Bend, Silver Brook Pond....- 7
Peake, Mill Pond........+----+-++-- 600 Woodyard, Mississippi River..-. a 200
Petersburg, Dibbell Lake........... 400 Wyalusing, Mississippi River....... a goo
TV6YS PONG ss ewsuseos memes 400 || Canal Zone: Gatun Lake, Gatun Lake. 2,000
CULcHasipondesscese ste eeeeeeee 100
Watts pond. 220. c8hsst ss soe ne se 200 Totahoc Raster i a. sacceecees eee 1, 644, 558
Randolph, Devin’s pond........-.-- 100
PIKE PERCH.
Connecticut: Massachusetts:
New Milford, Emerald Lake......-. +300, 000 Lowell, Knopps Pond..........----- +200, 000
Wauregan, Woodchuck Hill Pond..| — 200,000 Newfield Pond..............-.+--- +300, 000
Tllinois: New Boston, Mississippi River a 84 Milford, St. Marys Lake...........--. +100, 000
Indiana: Palmer, State fish commission.......| *5,000,000
Leesburg, Oswego Lake.......-..--- +300, 000 Pittsfield, Onota Lake. .-...-....-.. +500, 000
Logansport, Eel River...........-.- +300, 000 || Michigan:
Fletcher Lake.............2s0+0--- 200,000 || Jones, Birch Lake.............-.---- +300, 000
Wabash. Rivers: 6 sc022 Seay $300, 000 Orchard Lake, Orchard Lake... ..-.- +500, 000
Towa: Fairport, Mississippi River... -- a 270 South Lyon, Grooked Lake.........- +300, 000
Kentucky: MinneSota:
Burnside, Cumberland River........ +1, 200, 000 Ely, Burntside Lake...............- +200, 000
Livingston, Rock Castle River. ....- , 200, 000 TeATOn WAakeleoscl. =<. ee cceee $150, 000
Louisville, Ohio River.......------- +400, 000 WOM WuakOouescotines sons. eeenen $100, 000
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
6 Exclusive of 2,985 lost in transit.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
13 _
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
PIKE PERCH—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number,
Minnesota—Continued. Vermont—Continued.
Homer, Mississippi River..........- a1,360 Swanton, Lake Champlain.......... 714, 700,000
Red Wing, Mississippi River........ @40 || Wisconsin:
New Hampshire: Genoa, Mississippi River. a 200
Nashua, Old Pennichuch Pond...... Teo ooo Gordon, Bass Lake... +100, 000
Newport, Spectacle Pond...... 300, 000 Bile Guill ake= ==. ccjceecscosewes 7100, 000
Warren, State fish commission. ..... *2,000, 000 OxtVake esis. 6 weew sos stwicm cio adee 200,
New York: Hawthorne, Poplar Lake............ 7100, 000
Altamont, Normanskill Creek. ...... 300, 000 Hayward, Henelake:t ... ters +50, 000
Au Sable Forks, Silver Lake........ 400,000 Comm@iake en. s ..sccc5cescccce +100, 000
New. York, Aquarium. =. oo. 5..2-%. 504,000 | Moston Wakes Steews coccun ote 7100, 000
Port Henry, Lake Champlain....... +700, 000 raz er akGM eter ccca.b< Sec cuesbe +100, 000
Riverside, Paradox Lake............ coe | Goorpotbake. 29.15 hs.0-2.cseccg02 +100, 000
Schroom Wakes eee seco ace cee 400, 000 | Moontlbak@isssoscscccescoscsccesee 7100, 000
Schenectady, Mariaville Pond.......| $200,000 — Namakagon Lake.:.........-..--- 7100, 000
Ohio: Silver Taken sens oes 2 scanner +100, 000
Berea, Kinney Lake................ +300, 000 Tron River, Pike Lake...........-.. +300, 000
Defiance, Maumee River..........-.. 400, 000 Katinka, Murphy Lake............. 7150, 000
Isle St. George, Lake Erie........... 710, 000, 000 Lake Millicent, Crystal Lake........ 7150, 000
Kellys Island, Lake Erie.........-.- 75, 000, 000 Pine Cree Lakes shoo. wassaeosee Vio obo
Middle Bass, Lake Erie............. 5, 000, 000 Lake Nebagamon, Lake Minnesung. 100, 000
Millersburg, Martins Creek...-...... 7300, 000 Lake Nebagamon:-........--..-+- 100, 000
NaltiCrecks eens alesse ok +300, 000 Daona, BirchiLake!.22 5322125155 100, 000
Wie Ged: fee 8 fscnccasceee $300,000 | Long Lake, Stevens Lake........... 750, 000
Napoleon, Maumee River..-.......-. 7400, 000 Solon Springs, Island Lake.......... 7100, 000
Port Clinton, Lake Erie............. +5, 000, 000 One waKO Ms noose ccietew ene ce 7100, 000
Rhode Island: Georgiaville, Georgia- | Superior, Amnicon Lake............ 7150,
WIRLGVE ONGee cccane os ce aces sc en seas 7100, 000 Three Lakes, Medicine Lake. ....... +200, 000
Vermont: | =
Brandon, Lake Hortonia...........- 200,000 *14, 560, 000
Burlington, State fish commission...| *7,056,000 | Notalt 225-2 ssacecascwsen-aseeas 756, 000, 000
St. Catherine Lake, St. Catherine 1,954
bakes oF ossec- sccnts sees reece eed +300, 000
YELLOW PERCH.
Arizona: Globe, Roosevelt Lake....... 500 || lowa—Continued.
Arkansas: North McGregor, Mississippi River. - 23,950
Black Rock, Black River.........-.- ai7 Perry, Raccoon River............... 2, 325
Manson, Black River...............- a65 Pleasant Creek, Mississippi River. - - a50
Colorado: Wray, Olive Lake.......... 225 Rolfe, Sunset Hill Pond............. 200
Connecticut: Sny Magill, Mississippi River... -... a 200
Bristol, Jacklin Pond............-.- #200,000 || Kentucky: Pikesville, Big Sandy
Forestville, Birge Pond...........-. +300, 000 REV OR Sec teaes can one oseaeseseeeeee 100
Waterbury, Lake Winnemaug. ..... 7300, 000 || Maine:
Illinois: Ellsworth, Jackson’s pond........... 75
Apple River, Apple River, North Hermon Pond, Hermon Pond....... 225
WANGlisce 52 Se ee es ts ae 100 || Maryland:
Blanding, Mississippi River......... a 550 Accokeek, Potomac River........... $49, 179, 200
Freeport, waters of Mlinois........... 2,075 Annapolis, Hammond Pond........ 150
Galena Junction, Mississippi River. . a2, 550 SCVernghiversns. = passe soem ee sree 375
Hanover, Mississippi River.......... a1,490 Severn:River Pond). .c2522 5.368. 75
Lena, Mammooser Lake............. 100 Broad Creek, Potomac River...._... +7, 900, 090
Meredosia, Illinois River. -.....:-.-:. a 22,000 McDaniel, Hemmersley Greek ..2- 3 100
Mount Olive, Mount Olive Lake.... 750 Lovers Cove Creek.............-.. 200
New Boston, Mississippi River. ..... a 83 Miles River, Branch of............ 700
Nora, Apple River, North Branch... 50 Pasadena, Nolen’s PONes ess ass. 75
Seales Mound, Milf Creek............ 100 Piscataway, Potomac River......... 751, 431, 300
Warren, Apple River, East Branch - 150 Swan Creek, Potomac River........ 74, 618, 000
Indiana: Massachusetts:
Columbus, Clifty Creek.............. 225 Athol, Pautaupaug Pond........... +300, 000
Haws Crecki 6 te 2st oe ee 225 Concord, Punkatasset Pond......... 7300, 000
Tattle! Sand Creeks. 5.5252. <- ace 225 Gardner, Burnside Pond............ +200, 000
White Riversci occa tt 5 me mt 225 Hees Laurel Laken vactccosve. eee +200, 000
Marion, Gards Pond................ 250 Lower Goose Pond................ +200, 000
Noblesville, White River............ 750 Stockbridge Lake... $200, 000
Vincennes, Wabash Lake........... 75 ont Goose Pondee | cesses oe 000
Towa: Lowell, Keyes Pond ..........:..... 200, 000
Bellevue, Mississippi River........-. a 4,000 ats noe eee aoa ee ee +200, 000
Cresco, Iowa River................-. 600 PongsPonds. 5. et cores ten ee ee 7200, 000
UR GYPRAV Coe 28S: 22508 ha 600 HROHNETEONGs soto nescss saat eance | $200, 000
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... a50 Westboro, Hockamocka Pond....... 7400, 000
Gravity, Dunkin’s pond............. 100 Buri Ponda Sul. 8.0.22... | $500;.000
Green Island, Mississippi River. .... a2,7 Mexico: Parral, Lake Conchos........ 200
Iowa Falls, Towa River...-.......... 975 || Michigan: Iron River, Sunset Lake... 300
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
74
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
YELLOW PERCH—Continued.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Minnesota: Pennsylvania:
Homer, Mississippi River.........-. a348, 618 Altoona, Juniata River............-- 1,300
Red Wing, Mississippi River...-....- a 2,350 Canton, Lake Nepahwin...........- 400
Missouri: Ebensburg, Lake Rowena.......-..-- 300
Neosho, Hickory Creek.............- +10, 000 Moyd'’s pond see. a seem eee eee 200
Joplin, Sloan’spond <-.5..4520-2--4- 32 Everett, Juniata River, Raystown
Saginaw, Morsman’s pond.......... 32 BIANGH: «5-2 niclemaeon ence reees 200
New Jersey: Flemington, Fauss’s Mance, Bauman Pond.............-- 200
PONS. o sass sooe ase s sees ee woe 100 Whiteland Valley Creek.........--- 450
New York: Yardley, White’s pond............-. 450
Altamont, Normanskill Creek. ...... 7300, 000 |} South Dakota: Sioux City, Waters of
Cape Vincent, St. Lawrence River . .| +20, 750, 000 NOUth Dakotassseekesteceee see ee see 1, 400
Cortland, Litfle York Lake.......-- 200 || Vermont: Swanton, Lake Champlain - 7900, 000
Mully Wakes se sasecns sas a52 ares 200 || Virginia:
Davenport Center, Sherman Lake... 100 Bedford, Rucker’s pond............- 2
Grass Bay, St. Lawrence River..... +10, 000, 000 Dogue Creek, Potomac River.......-. 11, 200, 500
Poplar Tree Bay, St. Lawrence Little Hunting Creek, Potomac
IRA VEL Sco Jutecactecaee nese ee eee eae +7, 000, 000 RIV OTe nn snc eee eee een SS +8, 300, 000
Round Lake, Round Lake..-......-- 7200, 000 Mount Vernon, Potomac River ..... , 600, 000
Saratoga EpEnes Artist Lake....... +300, 000 Pohick, Potomac River............- 74, 100, 000
North Carolina: Raleigh, Neuseoco Richmond, Northside Pond......... 1
PONG... oc cece soe ee eee 50 Wytheville, Reed Creek, South
North Dakota: St. John, Lakes of MOTE tea accede San aaiceae one nee 100
Rolette County =2~. face. eee gs 1,040 || Wisconsin:
Ohio: Lake View, Indian Lake......-. 500 Bay City, Mississippi River......... a 150
Oklahoma: ee. Elkhart I Lake, Elkhart Takei <.c-'e 500
10, enoa, Mississippi River-...-.....--- a 3,800
Armsizene, Hatchery Pands---—---- { 100 || La Crosse, Mississippi River.........| @43, 725
Pawhuska, Buck Creek.........:..- 400 Prairie du Chien, Mississippi River.. a 500
os eae sone Samoa ee ecGee Bi _——————
lonG Creek SS rete ee 2 $182 ,899,000
Botaliby els AUS Mes ae { 45028
WHITE PERCH.
Maine:
Compass Lake, Compass Lake.......} 72,300,000
Hermon Pond, Hermon Pond....... +600, 000
Totals s Cee ae ee Sees +2, 900, 000
WHITE BASS.
Arkansas: Towa:
Black Rock, Black River........... a 120 Bellevue, Mississippi River.........- a 35
Browns Lake, Black River........ os a6 Clayton, Mississippi River.........- a25
Manson, Black River...........--.-- @155 Fairport, Mississippi River........-.. a 211
Tilinois: Green Island, Mississtppi River. .... a 2,500
Apple River, Apple River, North Pleasant Creek, Mississippi River. - . a 500
OPK oo oe Se sec Sareea ase 130 || Louisiana: Atchafalaya, Mississippi
Blanding, Mississippi River.......-.- a 4,900 IIA tey DORCAS O RAE. so oocr aes aCe a 2,700
Freeport, Waters of Tllinois.........-. 1, 625 || Minnesota: Homer, Mississippi River . a 7,320
Galena Junction, Mississippi River-.. a 4,850 || Wisconsin: ,
Hanover, Mississippi River.......-- a3, 050 Genoa, Mississippi River..........-.. a 350
Lena, Mammosser Lake...........-.- 130 La Crosse, Mississippi River...-...-.- 380
New Boston, Mississippi River...... a17, 494 . ————
Nora, Apple River, East Fork.....- 130 DOA saat )tace ene aea es nceee eee ee 47, 261
Warren, Apple River, East Fork.... 650
North Carolina: Weldon, Roanoke
AV ED Spates -otonwe owcwesmespeeeee ee
STRIPED BASS.
+14, 349, 000
a Rescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
b Exclusive of 35 fingerlings lost in transit.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 75
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
MACKEREL.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Massachusetts: Massachusetts—Continued. ;
Falmcuth, Great Harbor... ........ +1, 770, 000 Gosnold, Buzzards Bay............-. T1, 869, 000
Winsyard' Sounds. -cs2:2¢seeeceoe +1, 009, 000 ——
Motaleessca! <- =..cLod Se eee +4, 648, 000
cop.
Massachusetts: Massachusetts—Continued.
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay. .-...,| $11, 220,000 Woods Hole, Great Harbor.......... 73, 817,000
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean.......... 734, 570, 000 i TOVETAT DON. aesececs cseeied occas +902, 000
Rockport, Atlantic Ocean.......-.. ..| 721, 750,000 ——— —- —
Ipswich) Bayicc vac <c5-eede~etencs- | +5, 400, 000 HOUR Hs a os< Stas aaet ce seetece es 177,659, 000
POLLOCK.
Massachusetts: | Massachusetts—Continued.
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay. . .-....| $35,570,000 Rockport, Atlantic Ocean........... +37, 570, 000
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean.......... +124, 410,000 —_—__—
Manchester, Massachusetts Bay ...-.. 736, 150, 000 UNG A Weiee Bere SE Saree Ae ee +233, 700, 000
———— SS ee ee ee eee ee ee ee eee
HADDOCK.
Massachusetts: Massachusetts—Continued.
Gloucester, Atlantic Ocean.......... 716, 280, 000 Rockport, Atlantic Ocean........... +1, 150,000
Mpamich Bayer kee seen $400,000 a
Totalics 6s- =< Ree ame ee +17, 830, 000
FLOUNDER.
Maine: | Massachusetts—Continued.
Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Harbor | +62, 077,000 Falmouth, Waquoit Bay ........... +95, 213, 000
iinekins Bays Jac. Se5- 5600 nes ce 7459, 382, 000 West Falmouth Harbor........... 731, 213, 000
MN COON ese Seeks ee sone ee 49,745,000 || Gloucester, Anisquam River......_. 712,000, 000
West Boothbay Harbor......-..-. 7453, 493, 000 IAP antic OCean ses asen > -55 soe see +7, 730, 000
East Boothbay, Linekins Bay.. ..-. ie 723,000 Gloucester Harborsss.sseseseesse 1 Ba ODO
ae Ebencook Harbor. . -...-| 711, 461,000 || TpswichiB ayionsceastoascceGaseass 32, 530, 000
Hae) COVOle. setiwces = co sk ooos soeen 11, 459, 000 Gosnold, Buzzards Bay............. 730, 517, 000
MowmsendiGutscasssscnct ence cece 50, 485, 000 Hadley.Harborirs- oss. 5.2 hscooseee 7192, 421,000
Thomaston, Owls Head Bay......-. 15, 280, 000 EAOOnRROnG ia sea scne ae sass +79, 485, 000
DEMISE AND OPES ee aocec oS 5st pees ccens te, 232,000 Vineyard Soundes2.322:1 526522525 7102, 606, 000
Massachusetts: Manchester, Massachusetts Bay ..... +12, 200, 000
Beverly, Massachusetts Bay. .......| ¢31,690,000 Provincetown, Provincetown Harbor] 719, 737,000
Chilmark, Menemsha Pond. . fi Rockport, Atlantic Ocean..........- +8, 770, 000
Cundy Harbor, Hen Cove........... Seapit River, Waquoit Bay. ........ 718, 151, 000
Ridleys Cove:s. {4.-32---5-22-<-622 26,111,000 || New York: Arverne, Jamaica Bay. ...| +29, 220,000
Falmouth, Deacons Pond Harbor. ..| 749,728,000 |) Rhode Island:
WOME ONG a2. v ate Cuneo sass see 64, 963, 000 Wickford, Narragansett Bay. ....... +20, 426, 000
Great Harbor...... ---| T88, 760, 000 Wicktord Harbor. .-a-5cssenee one 792, 328, 000
PATUPIOMELAEDOD. eee cena o a Se Se +23, 501, 000 ———_———_
Quissett Harbor............ SS Sbase 759, 671, 000 BOUL = 2 sev sess eee $2,455 ,371,000
MISCELLANEOUS FISHES.
ee See
Arkansas: = Minnesota:
Black Rock, Black River. .......... a 378 Lake Pepin, Mississippi River. . .... a140
Browns Lake, Black River.......... a62 Red Wing, Mississippi River. 32.22. 21,600
Manson Black River). 232223. .A2029- 2555 || New Jersey: Hackensack, Zoo Park... 300
a aes New Boston, Mississippi River a 29,005 || Wisconsin: Bay City, Mississippi River a460
owa: - —
Bellevue, Mississippi River. ........ a 17,100 Mota teres Sts Cee cans eee 100, 200
Fairport, Mississippi River.......... a175
Louisiana: Atchafalaya, Mississippi
IRI VOR eed snopes eee ees oe ee a 50, 425
le eee ae Me
aRescued from overflowed lands and restored to original waters.
76 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
Distribution of fish and eggs, fiscal year 1918—Continued.
LOBSTER.
Disposition. Number. Disposition. Number.
Maine: Maine—continued.
Bass Harbor, Bass Harbor.........- +1, 000, 000 Phippsburg, Burnt Court Harbor...| 41,000,000
Biddeford, Biddeford Pool.......... +1, 000, 000 TheiBasiner sz .sc52ecaas hacen eee +1, 000, 000
Boothbay, Birch Isle Cove.......-.- 71, 500, 000 Port Clyde, Port Clyde Harbor..... +2, 000, 000
Boothbay Harbor, Bayville Cove....| 1,500,000 Portland, Peaks Isle Roads......... +2, 000, 000
Boothbay Harbor............--... +680, 000 Rockland, Rockland Harbor........ +3, 000, 000
Murray Hill Coye:t= 222.) --.-5-.2- +2, 500, 000 Round Pond, Round Pond......... +500, 000
Sweats Gower eibetes s.. 5 oo. s 1,000,000 || St. George, Pleasant Point Gut..... +4, 000, 000
Camden, Camden Harbor.....-...... 1,500, 000 Sevan Isle, Mackerel Cove..........-] 71,000,000
Cape For pees vane IPOLPOISG. == oe 1,500, 000 Southport, Ebencook Harbor......- 71, 500, 000
Castine, Hatches Cove.............- 2,000, 000 South Thomaston, Owls Head Bay..} 71,500,000
Cranberry Isle, Cranberry Isle Har- Seal Harbor...... ob s'sae cocieaaee cae +2, 500, 000
OD sacle ots. « meena tame temas mtotione & +1, 000, 000 Stockton Springs, Stockton Harbor.| 2,000,000
Cundy Harbor, Ridleys Cove....... 2, 000, 000 Stonington, Deer Isle Thoroughfare.| 71,000,000
Freeport, Mare Island Bay.......-.-- 1,000, 000 Tennants Harbor, Tennants Harbor. ity 500, 000
Friendship, Friendship Harbor..... 1, 000, 000 Vinal Haven, Carvers Harbor....... 9, 000, 000
Gouldsboro, Prospect Harbor....... 1,000, 000 West Bath, Hen Cove............... 71, 000, 000
Isleboro, Turtle Head Cove......... 71, 000, 000 Ridleys [Cove seccaccesancscee -.---| 71,000,000
Kennebunk, Kennebunk Point Har- Yarmouth, Northeast Cove......... 71, 000, 000
DOL S sa)-ceconce ome sacs Use eee 71, 500, 000 York Harbor, York Harbor......... 71, 500, 000
Kittery, Kittery Harbor.........-..- 71,500,000 |} Washington: Rosario, Puget Sound... .|5,700 adults.
Lawry, Delanos Cove..............- +500, 000 —
Orrs isle, Quohog Bay..........---- +2, 000, 000 mate { +66, 680, 000
Pemaquid, Johns Bay...........-.- 725 OOO X00 Sik cei soaecereske ts ons neg cr cree ie oa ,700 adults.
a Exclusive of 200 adults lost in transit.
SUMMARY OF THE DiIsPosITION oF FisH REscuED, FiscaAL YEAR 1918.
Restored to | Delivered
Species. original to appli-
waters. cants.
Black bass. .. 123, 275 242, 149
Buffalofish. .. ee Ee 2,416, 107 4
Carpi 22-2 : a 1, 658, 801 1,975
Gathishees 20. be fo 2S sae 12, 580, 634 138, 296
CTADDIC See taeres oa cinee vee eRe ER Seen Rnet cio men arcrc Meena Nomen 2, 7 197 131, 265
TEL7 Tic oa 0 aa ADE RRO RAEN OY RR Se ty os CT SAR aed 105, 434 974
PAR OMPORC MES ats 22 Siro 3'a/s.2 = epee Oe Scena SEES BES CE ine Rate Rete aee foe cemenee Del Roce Sic
RIVOPNOMINe sooo oe ee wide: a omy. ae tee ep th Soot eee 35 700;000)) 222/28 os
EROCEND ASS Pe so <5 tet craic staicts cos bra tte en ES le RS Dae aye Bee 385 5, 555
SnIsllmMOuth Dass «256 \-f-a:5 cy-qrjons eee peg wae aee = we cee Be ee Pee Oo ae eee See eeReoee 2, 433
SLE Bits Aan COO COR ee orice ak er eee ae ys Ae ay See Cee 1, 249, 623 143, 912
WSrMOllCh bass .2 2. ans = csi mow Sia tone Sse eo vicis be aoe nana eee oamonion aoe 9910.) 25. Soe
AWA 3) SES ER eocpeteas ance coc sae coe oeaee css ann oe apoasnn ce See aaubenes enous 44,598 2, 663
WieHOw Perch ee cere scce as eee easter pera lace See eee eee eee eee 436, 358 22,565
Miscellaneous. 6 <.-i-.5 jpn eset ee ee ee eee sean DEE ee EE wean ee 100, 200122222 eee
Ovals Sore ob sn cs astacear sponte sae eet ee Se ee nae ae eee eee aed dee oon 25, 277, 309 692, 732
DISTRIBUTION COSTS.
Statistics compiled from information given by car captains and
messengers on the coupons of their mileage reports for the calendar
year 1917 show that 22,880,148 fish were carried by the Bureau’s
cars during that period, 8,862,656 of which were distributed by mes-
sengers on detached trips from the cars; 206,984,057 fish were dis-
tributed by messengers direct from stations. In making the distribu-
tion, 102,867 miles were traveled by cars and 408,715 miles by mes-
sengers. The total cost of distributing 229,864,205 fish was $37,-
585.72, of which amount $27,457.44 was paid for transportation,
$1,380.91 for incidentals, $4,628.72 for subsistence, and $4,118.65
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
cit
forhelp. The average cost for distribution was a little over 16 cents
per thousand fish.
The following table shows the average cost per 1,000 for distribut-
ing fry, fingerlings, and adult fishes for the calendar year 1917, not
including the salaries of messengers:
Mertnop or DistrIBUTION, BY STATIONS, Species, NUMBER, AND S1zZE or FIsH, AND
Costs.
DISTRIBUTION BY CAR MESSENGERS.a
Name ofstation.
gee ape 'e! Gove: 242.
De soe ee Bl | mene dows oa.
1D Ae Sees | eee Q0cseuz cae
Moteeee cet hele Che Sees
1B 0 Se Sae ene eee Ol epeeect
DOs asso. ee kee fils ee eee
DOs sere peee ls sciou GOs oo e se
DOssees eee eee se GOP cs csce
Nashua, Noose ee): os J (oi ee Se ee
DO see eae le coe if 5
DO sete esos lesese Ot BAe
Northville, Mich...) Pond fishes. ...
D0 sss2 es eek | | Whitefish beeden
Dist enceesaoce TONG iep owas ee
Quincy, Dl: =. --.-. Pood fishes...
10) See aadedece aaaee dos 12322
DOse ease aoe ane d0zsec eee
Worse s-<5-ces | sateen 7 fe ae ee
DOsese os tcecc. lemerd Osea ase
DOS ce. ses cee | ee G0 2s. cc22
DOsser oe taseckse cs MGseese nce
DOr snes eee once = SAaneoss-
(RE cP 8 ee: (ea ee
Ss , 5. Dak... Trout. Seo eosee
Tupelo, Miss...... Pond fishes. ...
Upper Mississippi > seat AG seees ese
Dose a ee Ch ee eee
DOwcoac seaeacelt aces Ji5 23 See
Do.. SPP AE ERE 20 i ee
Size.
Fingerlings, 1-inch......
Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch..
Sieg eat 3-inch......
Fingerlings, ie mechs sec.
Fingerlings, 4-inch......
Fingerlings, 1-inch......
000) Fingerlings, 13-inch.....
6, 780
500 Fingerlings, 1
Fingerlings, 1 to2inch..
Fingerlings, 23-inch. ....
Fingerlings, l-inch......
Fingerlings, 1 to 2inch..
Fingerlings, 2-inch.....-
Fingerlings, 3-inch. .
Fingerlings, 4-inch...-..
Fingerlings, 5-inch......
settee, 6-inch. .
AGUITS eee en eee ae eee
Fingerlings, 1to 6inch..
Fingerlings, 1-inch. .
Fingerlings, 1 to 14 inch.
Fingerlings, 1 to 23 inch.
come oor 1-inch soocac
seers
Fingorlings, 4inch.....-
Fingerlings, 1 to 2 inch..
Fingerlings, 1}-inch.....
Fingeflings, 2-inch...-..
Fingerlings, 1-inch...-...
seeee weet ett ewe eee
inch.....
Fingerlings, 13 to 5 inch.
es ray a 14-inch.....
7,397 Adult
13,116} Fingerlings, 2 to 2} inch.
13, 656 tadeleeee 24-inch.....
5,330] Fingerlings, 3-inch......
4, 758 (eons 3-inch......
Fingerlings, 4inch.....-
Fingerlings, 44 to 5 inch.
Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch..
Fingerlings, 3-inch......
Fingerlings, l-inch......
Fingerlings, 1 to 4 inch..
Fingerlings, 1 to 5 inch..
Fingerlings, 1 to 2 inch.
Total |
cost.
$75. 65
244. 58
Miles
| paid.
1,649
a Detached messenger shipments from cars. Cost in addition to “‘ Distribution by car.’’
> La Crosse, Bellevue, an
North McGregor.
Miles
free.
seeece
78
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
METHOD AND DISTRIBUTION, BY STATIONS, Spectres, NUMBER, AND SIZE OF FIsH, AND
Costs—Continued.
DISTRIBUTION BY CAR MESSENGERS—Continued.
Aver-
Numt Total ae Miles} Mil
= ° = umber . ota cos iles es
Name ofstation. Species. of fish. Size. as per |paid.| free,
thou-
sand
| .
Upper Mississippi | Pond fishes.... 20,710) Fingerlings, 1 to3inch.., 143.83 6.944) 2,770)......
—Continued.
Dov Saceecee ce lees e G0. scacedee 36, 230) Fingerlings, 2-inch...... 244. 84 6: 75714; 237 eee eee
Dos dec her teraloe oe: (i le ee oes 10,730} Fingerlings, 2 to 3 inch... 11393) = 1ON617| 2;052ieseeee
DO 22 soca h(a sce ieee's = Ossie soe 2,250| Fingerlings, 2 to 4 inch.. 44.86} 19.937) 572 18
Dosseasceeeeselsen ss CO se see 13, 298) Fingerlings, 2 to 5 inch. . 171.71) 12.912} 3,084 28
DO nw dace see e eee oes GOs soe cace 6,325) Fingerlings, 23-inch. .... 61.97 9.797| 1,183] 104
DOs 2.2ennee eee ene G02. 263 2322 52,061) Fingerlings, 3-inch...-.. 623.81} 11.982 oe 273| 396
DO. 2 sche seecel: soe GOs. scans 31, 235 Fingerlings, 3 to 4inch.. 339. 19 10. 859 6, 209} 1, 546
DO di atoaotaaeeat Okc seewesn 9,766! Fingerlings, 3to 5inch..| 164.92) 16.887] 3,106)......
DO25525-Sthese back GO tesa aes 2,830) Fingerlings, 4-inch. -.... 74.17) 26.208) 1,496]......
DO ees ckteseelenwee Go ak 1,320| Fingerlings, 4 to 5 inch.. 34.44) 26.09 S68/5. See
DOe 2 sae -eredloew cs dO. 28e ccase 1,460) Fingerlings, S-inch. et 10. 69 7.321) - 138ieeeee =
DOtsee eee eee eeten<o.- doek 2223 15 102| MAdultiseuct eo. scecsse se ce 29:80)... -27.:041)-. -5O2|ESSE2
WV Sulphur, | Trout...-...... 91,600) Fingerlings, 13-inch. .-.. 40. 54 442]. 1G10/Ss5 sre
bce a.
a es ee Ne cee Gost owas 212,900} Fingerlings, 2-inch...-.. 253. 54 1.190) 4, 104|......
Wytheville WVaeeesiSse22 GG Seecaeee 75,900} Fingerlings, 1 to 13 inch.| 105. 90 1.395) 1,650 88
ERE NAS Scns do. sibs 23, 800) Fingerlings, 2-inch...-.. 107. 30 4.508] 2,226]......
ae Tee ee! | ie do vse. 2353 34, 800| Fingerlings, 23-inch . ..-. 53. 32 1. 532). 2882/P eee
Do. ...--+-+---|----- OGGs2.. --s2a2 4,500) Fingerlings, 3-inch...-.. 59.19} 13.153) 1,286 21
DISTRIBUTION BY STATION MESSENGERS.a
|
Baird, Calif... Probe see-o=s=. 1G 5000| Bn yeerree em iach tne se $97.20! /$6.075] 2, 205)......
Birdsview, Wash... ido.cn: 9,000} Fingerlings, 1 to 14inch. 36. 65 4.06} 380)].....-
Bozeman, ‘Mont... -| Grayling Siestenets 208;000| Hives aeciSe 2 ek ae es 2 0s 38. 40 -184) 456) 939
DOs. Seeess des. TOW So oseceee 199, 500; Fingerlings, J-inch...... 83. 20 -417) — 935) 1,020
DOs seeeee Seee se ssters GO8. occ esc 183, 750 Fingerlings, 1}-inch..... 97.85 532] 2,106} 321
DOP eee =a te sealesese (lok aeoeee 224,200} Fingerlings, 1 to 2}inch.| 198. 50 . 885] 3,157) 1, 626
De ae eel eas do.ti% 43,000) Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch.. 19. 90) - 462) 9 709
Tee eee doxs. 28, 150 i eke 3-inch...... 86. 70 3.079] 700} 2,848
Gapevinnents N.Y.| Lake Herring... -|20, 000, 000) HEinyjo- sank «ehine icles e on 64. 40 -003} 880)......
Moshe ss-ee5 Pike perch... .. 3, 775, pa esos a SEEM: eae Beis Sat? Fe 69. 03 O18) 307705 eee
Doz fee: Salmon... 55-| ., 490 ee Owe ete eee 1.20 3241): alee
Dosis: as. Trout.fe. 22. iig 1, 101 000 Seeitic OOsessh tee os cnc ces 357. 92 ~325| 9; 218)- 2c. 22
Do.. #8. Wibxtefishes. 5. 7, 000) - TO Oren ewe ais cna 142. 98 - 020] 3,092)......
Central Station....| Trout.......... 50) cA Gul =338 Seale = a 24.85) 497.00 620|"-e8e:
Do's Se-- 3S ed aoa: 272| Fingerlings, 4-inch...... 3.72) 13.676 7
DO Fans 2s ee sa|ee==- a 2,000 Pingerlses, 1}-inch..... 2. 20 1.10 36/5 2be
Dos 4s. tes: attacked 36) Adults nt eck sas <0 osc 40.29] 1,119.16} 965]......
salmon.
Dosh bees: Pear] roach..... 80 te ik 43 to 5 inch. 9.48} 118.50 111 cake.
Dos 2 eee Pike perch..... 1; 5003000) sen ypinc set p ceh As. ise 41.93 -027| 869)......
Doreen. oats Whitefish... ... 530, 000)... .. aaa eon eee ee 23.59 -037} — 628]......
Clackamas, Oreg. -| Trout.......... 179,000} Fingerlings, 13-inch... . 137. 20 - 766] 3, 125 22
Dos sees 5. ee pee 59, 500: Fingerlings, e-inch ........ 150. 25 2.525) 3, 600 33
Doe seit a8 6,000) Fingerlings, 33-inch... ... 25. 20 4.20 635). 06. =
Cold eerie Ga Pond 1 fishes. . 161, 262) Fingerlings, l-inch...... 253. 24 1.57 | 4,843}. .....
Le omtepaeeenta| erie dox2- 102, 950 Fingerlings, lt-inch.....| 339.19 8.294) 6, 256)... ...
6 Pes) aes yA 8 ee Ot eS 31,075) Fingerlings, 1to 2inch..} 119. 80 8.855} 2,318)......
Dowieee sce tesla. do 5, 687 Fingerlings, 1 to 2} inch. 50. 36) 8. 855}. 1, 133).....2.
DOEai.. setae tes (oo = cg tee 15,146] Fingerlings, 14 to 2 inch. 81.19 5..36.).1,601)| conte
DOz ee leeee eee O22 eee 19,073 Fingerlings, 14to3inch.| 104.62 5. 485] 2,021]......
DOseee sneer eee doz: 9,072 Fingerlings, 13 to 5inch. 62. 89 6. 932] 1, 087]......
et Minn..... Trout oA a 5} 784,000) hin yiewanmce setae see <e 18. 40 O02 seSceeces
Be eee deal none d0.ce: 2, 718, 000; ese finch. ee 78. 10) 5028 Ee eene oem
Craie bor: Me...| Salmon. ....... 1, 979, 000 Viathecakiccss tesccesss 159. 05 .08 520): <5 22.
Edenton, inp Ope Pond fishes 16, 100)... .. GoLert ee. S55. 355 38.15 2.369) 872/......
1D EES oN doiz-. 16,900} Fingerlings, 1-inch...... 111.10 6. 573] 2,393]. ....-
Mate oe ee house ae 5 9, 200 Fingerlings, Dmcheeace 65. 90) 7..163]"1; 755) sseeer
DOsecene =. seees | seeroe GOFst 525-252 8,000) Fingerlings, 3-inch...... 111.23) 18.903) 1,887|-.....
Erwin, Tenn...... Trontss..5.<t 62,000 erlings, 1-inch...... 34. 86 » D62| :y4G0|ecemee
DOrsrtes= see ciue=s Cte eae as 19, 000 Fingerlings, ave aS 2inch. 9. 44 - 406)i» T28 ee eaee
1D Sse eee tease Gowen. sche: 13,000) Fingerlings, 2-inch.....-. 10.79 - 83 243} 5.OHee
DO ster seeeeee|- 52% a Meee oe 6, 000 Fingerlings, 24-inch esis 9.94 1.656); 28/2. 2s.
DO 6 seheet cee. -|2.-<'3 A A diltseast sch haces cnc. 5.35] 222.916 O8|5-G5ee
Dogaeeese sees ond | fishes. - 39, 250! Fry......- peseisicis = <0 177. 92' 4.532! 4,068)......
2 Distribution LM station messengers includes cost of making distribution direct from the station without
acar. This distribution is usually to nearby points.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 79
Meruop oF DistrisuTion, By Stations, Species, NuMBER, AND S1zE OF FisH, AND
Costs—Continued.
DISTRIBUTION BY STATION MESSENGERS—Continued.
Aver-
Numbe Total | cost |Miles| Mil
: : umber . ota cos iles | Miles
Name ofstation. Species. of fish. Size. cost. er |paid.| free.
ou-
sand
Erwin,Tenn.—Con.| Pond fishes .... 1,000} Fingerlings, l-inch...... $25.80} $25.80 604}.....-
Dow;s. sae ieee| aes (os eee 4,000) Fingerlings, 14-inch... ... 46.94) 11.735) 1,081 57
DO secs cee Sch elae es: Gore. ieee 19,000} Fingerlings,1to2inch..} 143.03 7.527) 3,310)......
Dow ss ose ee do. 13, 265} Fingerlings, 14 to 2inch. 97. 84 7.375) 2,058)......
Be Ba Ra oe beets ge eee: ule on Hipeectings; 3 to4inch.. it 52) - ass 15105 | seas
Oeen dese asc cieeeee Ov sccckn ac5 4 TLCS coiteateee ae aicce << . 64 4. O2hoeee Ne
Green Lake, Me... Tenilocked $55,000) Eryecc~sceccec Mea Mecca 33. 75 -095) 466)52..2.
salmon.
Domes wack. cet loneme OMe: 30,000) Fingerlings, 1-inch...... 37.40 1.246) 413)......
Doves... Smelt---0. 2... 20, 000, 000 Pry ceaeee 2A ergs 25.25 ol} 458)...
5 Seana ROWS =e ee BW UES Onan aeteiniets cisleteninicm ae 5 -034| 7055...
Homer, Minn...... Pike perch..... OF0205000 eee MO arses a cea men. 155. 97 <O1G) SN 7siseee <3
10 fay SNe es Pond fishes. - .. 2,000) Fingerlings, 1-inch...... GQ). letivaeeeeclesicceteiesee
iD Yoel eee ane eaten eee G ones Me 1,200} Fingerlings, 2-inch...... 26.55) 22.125} 579)......
DORR LE ee GOs. et 1,600] Fingerlings, 23-inch..... 18.76} 11.725) 260).....-
DO Raects o54 3. | Saket GOeeeh see 2,700) Fingerlings, 3-inch...... 17.16 6.255). 204)... 22.
DOr es et | ee doe es 3,770| Fingerlings, 2 to 4 inch 28. 63 W504, b22Ies |
Downes sete 82/252 dons eee 1,450) Fingerlings, 3 to 4 inch (GP, laseecen- = cecese|---- 25
ID Yow Be Ca Bae S Gli oe 1,000] Fingerlings, 1 to 5inch 7.17 Mala, 54le 5. <a:
Doseedesce estes sss do. 2,175) Fingerlings, 3to5inch..| (a) |.........].. Shs, hoone
OD eee i Go 1, 404 Rae ee eineh-----L 4g 77} 81.887] 1,100)......
DOS Seo: TrOUGSS =. tas, 144, 5380} Fingerlings, l-inch.....- 132. 20 sO 4S O7ol eee
Leadville, Colo....| Grayling....... SO 1O00elinye rare seems s- tee 16. 95 -211) 120) 479
DOkees ake ch: Pond fishes. -.. 1,500 Crineerinee ae to e inch. 25.60} 17.066] 404) 309
ingerlings, 23-inch.....
(Se, eee ee doe eve \ 15.50] 10.558)... 872
DOES esse eke Troutesseet a2 2, 238,000} Fingerlings, 1l-inch...... 187.05) - 083} 10} 8,359
Doe. See sae do.....---..} 696,400) Fingerlings, 13-inch. . ._. 169. 80 - 243] 134! 6,602
Ise n abs St ceeeleaccd Gltedenosecae 98,000) Fingerlings, 1 to 23 inch. 8.40 -085]...... 440
1D Co ae ac See Ie dit =.=. 186 58,500} Fingerlings, 2-inch...... 6.90 SAT ee 391
DOS ee = 2 [Pea co (oye 10,000) Fingerlings, 23-inch. . ... 8.00 BSOileene oe 460
“ biteeicte ssicws|evaci= 2 a6 ees ae eens 13 to 3 inch. 3.50 ae Teese a
(ee cee eee Gren coe eee CeSe doc. copceessees 4.25 COOL Sccee
Louisville, Ky.....| Pond fishes. -.. 2,400} Fingerlings, 1 to 2inch.. 37.92} 15.80 O28 Uses.
DOM ae -5s--|-- 42 ON peda 1,800] Fingerlings, 2-inch...... 9.64) 5.355} 200)... ...
5,400] Fingerlings, l-inch...... : -
15,384] Fingerlings, 2-inch......
640] Fingerlings, 3-inch......
1, 272) Fingerlings, 2 to 5inch..
158) PAldaltss. 8satsoo25. 656
1, 250
1,015
2,000
2, 000
1, 900
3, 000
1,500
* 000
566,
265, 500
eae ee ect 4
Neos -| Pond fishes. . .. 21,420} Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch. .
Do... oe eco doers sats 7, 285) Fingerlings, 2-inch......
IDG) chee hosane Hecee do... 11,656] Fingerlings, 2to 3inch..
gues ee. | ses dori i--2- 2,220) Fingerlings, 3-inch......
LO aes ec rence eal ee om (ig eae te 1,606] Fingerlings, 2 to 4inch..
LD Sa ee eee Otc pee eed oe 248] Fingerlings, 5-inch......
Dj Sa ‘PrOMb a... sees 42,850} Fingerlings, 2-inch......
LO ft stance Hoeee| eee do... 5,000) Fingerlings, 3 to 4inch..
Down. oo do.. 4,989] Fingerlings, ¢inch. ...-.
De eat snes nis| sesine Geecsetee 2, Fingerlings o6inch..
Northville, Mich...| Pike perch..... Tqou0 DOU EL eens see 5
dO oe i Ee Whitefish...... 1, 200, 000}..... Cl cat bricedpbeceronce
DOs sea: Pond fishes....| 107,000)..... CORSE beh eee aanaeen
Dore a sees odo at eee 30,400) Fingerlings, 1-inch......
Dare aos eee ee GOre-ean hee 1,500) Fingerlings, 2-inch......
a Baste cease: ee aa ee Fingerlings, 24-inch.....
Cees Sap ae LLL os ey Seer ; De eS See Cre Pree af:
DoS cc.ssseeeeieaee do..........) 122,000! Fingerlings, l-inch...... 28. 90 -236'..2224! 1,797
a Station delivery. b No costs.
160695°—20——_12
80
METHOD oF DISTRIBUTION, BY STATIONS, Species, NUMBER
Costs—Continued.
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
, AND SiZE or FisH, AND
DISTRIBUTION BY STATION MESSENGERS—Continued.
Seee—e—=aoa@as=®$O-«~=Qo0S6SSSS0—“—=~q=q>$“; [9500sSsaveSSa—a—=—=€—[—$—V[—[—=m0—0=S>2_0—0_—@0$~$@™—_0 EEE
Name ofstation. Species. Pumper Size.
6,175) Fingerling, l-inch.......
4,985) Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch.
6,650) Fingerlings, 2-inch......
= 1,475) .Fingerlings, 2 to 3 inch..
.| 4,500, Bry soso. sak ede
- |b 390; O00 AO est et Asoc tk coe
2 2,300) Fingerlings, 13-inch. -...
5, 245) Fingerlings, 2-inch..-.-..
4,250) Fingerlings, 1 to 3} inch.
33,000} Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch...
64,000) Fingerlings, 14 to 2 inch.
: 56,500} Fingerlings, 2-inch......
St Joh bury, Vt.| Pike perch.....| 1 700’ 000 eachiean: a
. Johns -| Pike perch..... , 700,
Riva emt Yellow and {18,899,000
pike perches. f ;
1D 0) one ee Pond fishes. . - - 2,000) Fingerlings, 1 to 2 inch.
ID GES ones ses eerie dot. :. #2 12, 508] Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch.
Dor... 5 Sse aee doses. 8,910} Fingerlings, 2 to 3 inch.
DO Sece Ssae sale dox.- 2,178} Fingerlings, 3-inch. --...
Dose es se ProUtaes eee 1;1700,250) Einy See o see eae an
DOM See ete do--=- 325,772| Fingerlings, 1-inch......
DOSE hee a ee mole. 51,775) Fingerlings, 2-inch..-....
DOM fesse lene dole SS: 8,869) Fingerlings, 2 to 3 inch. .
ID) saeco cose eaade do-..-- 7-2 4,684] Fingerlings, 3-inch......
Doc: earl ae dosh 500 ae epee GP» Fick
Spearfish S. Dak..|....- oC ae Tid (G00) Wry eeee ee; Bao ee eee
Dore .5 Bee A ee doste-8< 5 150,000) Fry to fingerlings, 1-inch
DOs osha |e dons: 493,935) Fingerlings, 1-inch......
DOs sss. |e Ggs025 157,500} Fingerlings, 1 to 14 inch.
1D Xo es hs oe eee do.. 18,000} Fingerlings, 1 to 24 inch.
DOP ss sas soos See do=:~ 5,500] Fingerlings, 14-inch. ....
DOs scence teas do... 19; 500] /< eee a2 BO esas
DOr cose hea || eee dos 10,950) Fingerlings, 2-inch......
ae Sneneposeecalesece do: : Ay oe ee ae tich Bpeae
Ons 5 Me ace| ae Onte $3 , 62; ingerlings, 3-inch......
Tupelo, Miss.......| Pond fishes..--| 153,000] Fry.............-----...
Dorss sched .oc ee Gost 22. ac 105, 500] Fry to fingerlings, 1-inch.
TD) OFSSs See Be ANS @o:... 51,200) Fingerlings, 1-inch......
Dosen. 1.22624) s. 34 dovc- 13,600} Fingerlings, 1 to 14 inch.
DOSS 6 es oth lessee dO=-=< 14,795} Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch. -
DO = 22s Sache anaes dos--- 16,405) Fingerlings, 1 to 4inch..
DOES = 2 RSS. ee GOs.+. 6,115) ee ae 1 to eine
ingerlings, 1-inc
Dost: AL we do... 8, 265 {Finger abees Janeh,
DOs ie eens doz. 42,369} Fingerlings, 2-inch......
DOie ssc eee. |e do:... 22,665] Fingerlings, 2 to 8 inch...
DO sascha saad doz... 7,269) Fingerlings, 3 to 5 inch. .
1 De ae er ee eereere GOb- == 532525 2,087| Fingerlings, 4 to 7 inch. .
IDOsse AS 5ey clones do. 5. 1,950} Fingerlings, 5-inch......
ue ee on ee bee ao : ae Pingeclings 6-inch......
Oe piecicts eS ee Ouecenciceits jl SES Seceaemecoo oe
ee Sulphur, |..... do.... 20, OOO SET Yiceeitawiceenteeteels ccieice
«Vas
DOs. ¢ ease yee do... 2,200} Fingerlings, 2-inch......
Doerr: heseoe TrOUWse- -caeaes 20,000} Fingerlings, 14-inch... ..
DOs. sn eee Oe: Jose-ae 43, 500) oeeres i to - inch.
ingerlings, 14-inch. ....
G06 os. 5/599. ae ae do.... 1,811 { yea: ak
12 ce en ee ae, G0. 25,000) Fingerlings, 2-inch......
1D Yo) eee Ses bee = do. 13,650) Fingerlings, 2 to 24 inch.
1D Yo) een (OE do... 10,125] Fingerlings, 23-inch. ....
1D SSE ORE ae ee doz:. 7,550) Fingerlings, 2 to 4 inch..
at S357 RR eee eae ao S 4, an ta 4inch......
OP bes lesen psec. Qeemeree ce 1 GATLITIES tates atop enlace <i
Woods Hole, Mass.) Flatfish........ 85,438; 000) Eiry:-scckee swe Acesoe
Wytheville, Va....| Pond fishes... . 42,099] Fingerlings, 1 to 5 inch..
DOpsecceesccna|oesine do.. ees 8,220) Fingerlings, 2 to 3 inch...
DO seas eects EO Geeriseaess. 100, 500} Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch..
a Station delivery,
Aver-
age
Total cost | Miles} Miles
cost per |paid.| free.
thou-
sand
$42.40} $6.866) 753)......
42.05 8.435, 929)......
21.60 3.248) (S622 aac 2S
12. 60 8.542) ZAQ|E 2 Le
120.71 = 026): 2500735525
77.33 - 055] 2,040]. .....
26.29) 11.43 450|2. b26
41.96 8.00 803) ...2545
60. 26 14.178] 1,071}......
6. 00 - 181 20; 300
20. 90) . 326) 64, 876
15. 30 «2r0| 23219 se32
9.10 1.516 20; 530
39. 06 022). -920|Bae oes
259. 32 -013] 5,096)......
39.32} 19.66 GOOSs 2s
101. 49 8.114) 1,910]......
A16. 48 13.072) 2, 142)......
99.58} 45.72 | 1,926]......
263. 62 . 154] 4,329} 15
105. 51 <O20| 025 Ae Cee =
106. 81 2.062) 1,434]......
31. 87 3. 593 Yih ee ee
11.87 2.504) BIT see
6.98} 13.96 B50 sS
327.78 - 421! 6,307 34
54. 44 .361 930/8..255
4.75 2009). Aes
125.39 .796| 2,279)...
5.50 - 305) Vic) ee
(Q)b Dleacte Sceet eee ees
14.71 (54) 154 3.8
17.13 1.564)" 2641; Ssae8
19. 94 -509} 358)..... *
12.91 1.341 448 4
136. 90 - 894) 4,106)......
207.12] 1.963) 4,548)......
230. 98 4.511] 4,998)......
110. 16 8.10.) 2,235)... 22.
105. 55 7.1384] 2,260)......
163. 07 9.94 | 2,621)..... =
71.77 11.736] 1,537|......
107.50} 13.006) 1,853)......
294. 21 6. 944] 5, 969)......
375. 41 16. 563] 7,050). ....<
199.89! 27.498) 4,033)......
131.48] 62.999) 2,705)......
136. 97 70. 241) 2,729)... 2.
52.87| 55.652) 1,224]......
58.82} 189.741] 1,405]......
63.15 902] 1,364)......
24.70 135227 - “Gb8iseeeee
16.10 -805) = 282)......
13.75 O16); 224loeeeee
\ 20.21] 11.159] 562/......
50. 7: 2.028) 1,038]......
94.72} 6.939] 2,142]......
iC) mt in?
92.91) 12.305] 2,134)......
40. 45) 8..427|. S04 eeee
7.90 6. 269 190). = 35
75. 68 - 001 900) cise ose
298. 38 7.087) 7,525)...-..
91.36] 11.114) 1,994!......
74. 56 741 ae Lees
DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918. 81
MetHop oF DistRIBUTION, BY STATIONS, Spectres, NUMBER, AND SIZE OF FIsH, AND
Costs—Continued.
DISTRIBUTION BY CARS.a
Aver-
Numbe Si Total at Miles] Mil
: . umber ize. ota cos iles} Miles
Name ofstation. Species. of fish. cost. per | paid.| free.
thou-
sand,
Bozeman, Moni... |"Drout- 05.8.2 33 1, 092, 376 AES pense 1to3inch..| $788.60} $0.721) 3,110} 2,380
Crai; ees Me...} Salmon.......- SHOT ha Be ae = eee 260. 60) «08: |) 1, 766/22 9882
Rich abeerice ae pETOUL Sates cee rie 766, 100} Fry to fingerlings,
ito Aninchis ses 5 c-ce- 623. 49) .353} 2,164)......
WC WiN MORI srs. sole OOnsease sacs 416, 000 eee 1to2sinch.}| 459.91 15105), 1, 744 Gee
Green ‘Lake, Me>_- i salmone-.ssees 3 936, TG5|Piinyemaeesedoesee orceeee 329.75 083])0l, 552) eee
Homer, Minn......}| Pond fishes.... 30,168) Fingerlings,1 to6inch..} 300.05 9.945] 1,469]......
Leadville, Colo. ...| Trout.......... 1,703,078] Fingerlings, 1 to 34inch.} 232.47 - 136} — 809) 6,948
Mammoth Spring., Pond fishes.... 37, 475) Fingerlings, 1lto2sinch.}/ 649.80} 17.312) 2,356)......
eed Towa..| Trout.........-| 623,400) Fingerlings, 1 to3inch..| 615.59 987] 4,236).....-
ls PS Se eae do..........| 179,300} Fingerlings, 1} to2inch.} 822.23 4.585] 3,643]......
N ortirville, Mich...| Pond fishes... . 48,850) Fingerlings,1 to 3inch..| 532.00} 10.890) 2,743]......
Dose. 128 Se Trout ss. 3.<ec3 1787; OOO ER Yjacian cc,citabo cae SopEsS 455. 52 +254) 1,662} 146
Done ccsacece Whitefish...... 6,000, 000 aster C (Ree ee ee ae - 163.75 sO27 | 282| eee
Quincy, Tll........ Pond fishes....| 34,175{Ripeerlings, I-inch..---\! 9346.45) 15.995] 7,242)...
Spearfish, S. Dak..| Trout.......... 249,375] Fingerlings, 2} to3inch.| 572.47 2.295] 3,524)......
Tupelo, Miss.......] Pond fishes....] 3,915 es gi pe --+-\ 937.95] 60.779] 1,071|......
Upper Mississippi 5]... .. do..........| 395,739 Tingertings; 1 to 6 inch..| 6,849.63) 17.308/38,206) 544
DY Pe aes = eee Pea (5 (6m a 252)|) AGUS as= beer ea soni a 174.65} 752.801) 1,023)......
yee Sulphur, | Trout.......... 856, 300) Fingerlings, 14 to 2 inch.} 1,956.11 2.284! 9,283) 140
meV
Wytheville, Va....|....- do.........-| 427,900) Fingerlings, 1 to 3 inch..| 1, 143.01 2.671| 4,762 62
a Distribution by cars shows cost of transporting fish to destination or until delivered to car messenger.
+ La Crosse, Bellevue, and North McGregor.
A CoMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF Costs oF DISTRIBUTION BY MESSENGERS FOR OAL-
ENDAR YEARS 1916 AND 1917.
[Note.—Items that would afford no comparison have been omitted.]
DISTRIBUTION BY CAR MESSENGERS.a
Average cost | Mileage, Mileage,
per thousand. 1916. 1917.
Name of station. Species. Size.
1916 | 1917 | Paid.| Free.| Paid.) Free.
Bozeman, Mont....... EETOMG =e. <eee= Fingerlings, 1-inch...... $1. 197) $0. 275) 5,596) 830) 1,142)..... =
DOS ete caecaewecctoons = Gh pases Fingerlings, 3-inch......} 4.69] 1,269} 2,013]...... ek =
ae Sr, Mpeecoee teases Gos eeecs ae beeeeueeUeetavtecesac. - 262; 202] 1,008)...... 2, 505\seasee
Beecchasn cn ses Saimonien acne nO. oo Getsacanecneees .58 aiid! 43] vodeen y20a| acters
Leadville, Colo........ TTOUbs-cecs se iors ito3inch..| [339] 1225 2, 634/15, 843) 1, 932|10, 785
Nanchester, Towa occ |s.+ <5 ap pe Seon e Fingerlings,1to4inch..| 1.01] 1.214] 7,234)...... G; 207 |ccesee
Morthville, Mich......}.....do....... NEV ee het corer caseatans -253} .044) 1,271) 5,343] 102/......
DOS kicecscaccs ook Bond? fishes. .| Fingerlings,1 to 2inch..} 7.12 7.341 10, 742 72! 5,930 45
Cininey see ccc cteacse (5 fs ae eee Fingerlings, 1 to 6 inch..} 18. 285) 12. 142/31, 921|......| 13,960} 179
Spea sh, 6: Dak... PrOUvscsce ccs Fingerlings,1to3inch..| 2.16] 1.239) 1,510)...... my (4 Peeeee
el Mississippi | Pond fishes. .| Fingerlings, 1 to 6inch..} 10. 432] 10.276 7, 475] 442'38, 003) 2,092
iver.
WOS Hesacss Sise cae] waco do=o---ee AS 5 EGS ocean ce 28.94 | 27.041] 1,777|...... BOR Jeane
White eee WV.) Prout ..< sc... Fingerlings, 1 to4inch..} 1.116} .965) 6,904)...... AC
Wytheville, Va......./..... WO. Jesse Fingerlings,1to3inch../ 1.03] 2.343) 4,018 92| 6,044, 109
a Detached messenger shipments from cars.
82 DISTRIBUTION OF FISH AND FISH EGGS, 1918.
A CoMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF Costs oF DISTRIBUTION BY MESSENGERS FOR CAI-
ENDAR YEARS 1916 AND 1917—Continued.
DISTRIBUTION BY STATION MESSENGERS.«
Average cost | Mileage, Mileage,
per thousand. 1916. 1917.
Name of station. Species. Size.
1916 | 1917 | Paid.) Free.) Paid.| Free.
$4. 578] $6.075) 1,403|...... 2, 205}..--=6
1.99] 4.06 | 2,016].....- 380}-2.2 2.
Tee eee Linch...... 1.069] .417] 1,162|...... 935| 1,020
Fingerlings, 1}-inch.. - 608} .532) 3,134) 3,712) 2,106) 321
Fingerlings, 2-inch..._.. - 889) .885} 615)......| 3,157) 1,629
Fingerlings, 23-inch..... 3.72 3462/13) |e esece _ 98) 709
1 2 ae a4 ae ee 107). -. ABRs soem 456} 939
Senes One eeeese ee SSIS - 009 020) 2, 278'......| 3,092)......
se 08 Gossett eee aA 012), .....018)52°530)22. a S870) eee
ae Cease do sees tes. Bist . 397 -325| 8, 426 31) 9,218) 22222
Central Station........ Pike perch ---|2-..- GO Meee meee a eee -027) .027| 2,197]...... 869) 2852
Clackamas, Oreg...... Trout... /.5962 Fingerlings,izto3inch.| .995| 1.205 2,544 50} 3,600 55
Duluth, Minit, (ee do. “55 ahiege EN be euceeees cs seek O07) = O02 cee comes oedens|beeeee
Edenton, Ne Cuetec Pond fishes. .|..... Go FRSA 7.142) 2.369 2,785]...... yp A ee Le
Dowie 3 seh ence eRe GOs. t28 Seale GO sciccett elee ee 9.896) 6.573) 5, 507 31) 25303 Sears
Erwin, Penn. s..c+.- ETORUA tess Fingerlings, 1 to 3inch..| 1.67 . 650 15, ANB) Secs O95) s5Lc5
Doteacve dae sues Pond fishes. . Fingerlings, ito4inch.. 7,05
een Lake, Me....... Smelt... .5.... F
Ons: Je ete sees Salmon......
DO bomc acer ieee FLTOUL «2h5<0%
Homer, Minn... ..| Pike perch..
[BD OUN RE Sie: Pond fishes. . Fingerlings, 1to5inch..
Leadville, Colo.......- TOU. ses eese Fingerlings, 1to3inch..
Louisville, Ky........ Pond fishes. - Fingerlings, 1 to 2inch..
INashud Ne ees. ssne eos Se eee Fingerlings, 1-inch..._.. 4. 23 :
DO Ite he doseae nce lecnes Ml Adultgiyr sees Soest 247.00 |277. 92 156)532-% cbt) eee
a Da eae Sees See Bona fishes. . nye ee pees ceeaecteeea. SOlll) 2003: 28) sse5.5 144) oe
MammothSprings,Ark.|..... @oscoress Tieerhnees 1 to 2inch..| 13.13 | 10.594 iby 3) AR Se es 4,556]......
Diverse oa eles dott 22 INGultsel22 See ee tees 403. 05 |276.14 | 1,770)...... O73\eeeeee
Neosho. MOn mes saseceuleeees do.......| Fingerlings, 1to6inch..| 7.23 | 5.21515, 095).....- 125 430|beeces
Northville, Mich...... Pike perch... Piny 2). ease ee eee - 005 25
WOl essa scaaeeeeen Whitefish ....)..... On Gees ok - 008
DoS. See Ponudtfishes fesse 0c ee ne see eae - 953
DOi sag acoseciwesee atone domeacse. Fingerlings, 1to2inch..| 7.54
DOe nesta acer TrOUtwocen- ce Fingerlings, 1-inch ... 113
Quincy Wily veaeee ee (Pike perch 2_3| sity, <<. peecene eens seer .021
Saratoga, Wyo........ AroOUtescee ss. Fingerlings,1to2inch..| .624
St. J ohnsbury, Via Pike perch... ye: eon ora 32} prt2006
DOR Peiwscsccecsee Pond fishes ==|2.- 5: dOnt -e panceateeene -61
ianeeelines 1to3inch..| 24.392
La ee ccee Oe eeean - 213
anger lings,1to3inch..; .972
Fingerlings, 1to2inch..| .363
PY tear atten tan . 759
.| Fingerlings, ito6inch..| 4.852
Oh Fee seek tiee ep pom gem 1, 298 é
Do aan geainees 1to2inch..| 1.674; .910 5, WMS\oecses 1,544 sees
Woods Hole, Mass....| Flatfish...... ry earawe ls oa ears Sele ‘001! :00i} "859 72/00 eee -
Wytheville, ae Pond fishes. .| Fingerlings, “L to Ginch..| 7.265] 7.745 Ny O90| = ecaies 9°519| cee
DO tescseceseeccsen Trout........| Fingerlings, 1to3inch..| 1.95 | 1.068 o,Golleecaes 068) coemee
@ Distribution direct from the station without a car.
FISH LAWS OF STATES BORDERING ON MISSISSIPPI
AND OHIO RIVERS
A DIGEST OF STATUTES RELATING TO THE PROTECTION OF
FISHES AND OTHER COLD-BLOODED AQUATIC ANIMALS
By EMERSON STRINGHAM
Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries
Appendix II to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
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CONTENTS.
NtrOdUCHIONG. s20 a ete oe ee ee ne Soe
i
TI:
ia os
IV.
Vi
eis
WE
State authority in interstate waters... -.
Wamtes or Hahes 2355 eo Ae 2 Sk
Time, place, and manner of capture.....
Size limits for aquatic animals..........
Licenses required and fees therefor......
Shipping and selling fishery products. - -
Definitions and miscellaneous provisions
FISH LAWS OF STATES BORDERING ON MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVERS:
A DIGEST OF STATUTES RELATING TO THE PROTECTION OF FISHES AND
OTHER COLD-BLOODED AQUATIC ANIMALS.
By Emerson Strrineuam, Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
INTRODUCTION.
In 1917 there was issued a digest of laws of Mississippi River
States. Thisis now revised to January 1, 1919, and extended to cover
all States touching the Ohio River, thus taking in Indiana, Ohio, West
Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Some additional information has been
inserted because of repeated inquiries received during the past two
years.
: In order to keep the pamphlet within reasonable bounds certain
subjects have usually been omitted. These are:
(a) Declarations that the title to fish and other wild animals is in
the State.
(b) Prohibitions against contamination of waters. The subject of
pollution has been covered in a comprehensive manner by Public
Health Bulletin No. 87 of the United States Public Health Service,
entitled “Stream Pollution,” prepared by Stanley D. Montgomery
and Earle B. Phelps.
(c) Special provisions for counties and other subdivisions, except
in some cases where they are evidently of interest to a considerable
number of people.
(d) Complicated details of restrictions on commercial fishing in
some cases, though an effort has been made to indicate all laws on
commercial fresh-water fishing.
(e) Laws for salt-water fishing.
(f) Penalties, administration, and procedure, including authority
to arrest, seize unlawful implements, rewards for information as to
violations, forgery of licenses, provisions for witnesses, limitations on
times within which actions may be commenced, sale or destruction
of things confiscated, and disposition of fines, fees, or other payments
to officials.
(g) Requirement. that licenses be available for exhibition to
wardens at the time of fishing.
(h) Laws against having prohibited tackle in possession and against
having fish in possession smaller than the legal limit, or during closed
seasons, or in excess of bag limit, or if caught unlawfully. These pro-
visions are of the greatest importance as aids to enforcement, but
ordinarily they do not interest the law-abiding citizen.
aEmerson Stringham: Fish Laws of Mississippi River States. Report, U. S. Commissioner of Fish-
eries for 1916, Appendix IV, document No. 840,16 p. 1917.
5
6 FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES.
(i) Authorization for State officials to propagate and rescue fish
or assist in stocking waters, or to take fish for scientific purposes.
(j) Provisions declaring it a crime to remove fish from the nets of
another.
The omission of provisions as to administration is not due to a
belief that these are of minor importance. Probably they are as
well worth attention as the provisions for size limits and other
matters. In most fields of legislation efficient administration is now
recognized to be at least of equal importance with wise substantive
provisions. But the question of administration is so different that
it, seems better not to attempt to combine it with this brief treatment
of closed seasons and such matters. Of the 14 States under con-
sideration only Illinois (25, 46), Minnesota (4761), and Pennsylvania
(1903, act 92) have statutory provision for officials concerned
exclusively with fisheries.
For subjects not covered in this digest, for amendments made
after 1918, and for the texts of the laws that are digested herein, the
statutes, or the pamphlet copies thereof, may be consulted. Pam-
hlets are prepared in each of these 14 States, except Mississippi.
t is understood that they may be obtained from the following
sources:
Arkansas.—The game and fish commission, Little Rock.
Illinois.—The chief game and fish warden, Springfield.
Indiana.—The commissioner of fisheries and game, Indianapolis.
Iowa.—The State fish and game warden, Spirit Lake.
Kentucky.—The fish and game commission, Frankfort.
Louisiana.—The department of conservation, New Orleans.
Minnesota.—The State game and fish commissioner, St. Paul.
1 Missouri.—The State fish commission, 3311 Chippewa Street, St.
ouis.
Ohio.—The chief warden, secretary of agriculture, Columbus.
Pennsylvania.—The commissioner of fisheries, Harrisburg.
Tennessee.—The department of game and fish, Nashville.
West Virginia.—The forest, game, and fish warden, Philippi.
Wisconsin.—The State conservation commission, Madison.
This digest is based upon an examination of session laws and
official or semiofficial compilations thereof. While the examination
went to these sources in all cases, the references made by numbers
in parentheses are to sections of the pamphlet copies of the laws
issued by the State game departments, except in some cases where
the year of enactment is given, and excepting Indiana and Mississippi;
these numbers are the same as those given in the sources mentioned,
except for lowa and West Virginia. In the Indiana pamphlet most
of the sections are without numbers, and references herein not other-
wise indicated are to Burns’s Annotated Statutes (1914). Mississippi
has no pamphlet edition of its game and fish laws, and references
are to Hemingway’s Annotated Code (1917); the 1918 session of the
Legislature of Mississippi did not make any amendments.
I. STATE AUTHORITY IN INTERSTATE WATERS.
It is a common belief among Mississippi River fishermen, in some
localities, that the States have no authority to protect fish on that
river because, in their expression, it is ‘‘a Government water.’”’ The
belief is wholly without legal basis, and in those regions where the
FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES. Lely
State wardens have diligently enforced the law the fishermen do not
seriously entertain this opinion. It arises chiefly from laxity, past
or present, on the part of State officials.
he Mississippi River is a ‘‘Government”’ river in the sense that
uestions of navigation are subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal
Geeeanicnk, But it was long ago settled by the United States
Supreme Court that the States may protect the fisheries of navigable
waters. In the case of Smith v. Maryland (18 Howard, 71 (1855))
that court decided an appeal from a conviction for dredging oysters
in violation of the law of Maryland. The accused, Isaac R. Smith,
owner of the sloop Volant, contended that the law of the State of
Maryland was repugnant to that part of the United States Constitu-
tion which grants to Congress the power to regulate commerce among
the States. In that case not only were the operations carried on in
the navigable waters of Chesapeake Bay, but the ship was enrolled
and licensed by the United States to be employed in the coasting
trade and fisheries. The court affirmed the conviction, maintaining
that the State holds the property in the soil under the waters for the
conservation of the public rights of fishery therein, and may regulate
the modes of that enjoyment so as to prevent the destruction of the
fishery. ‘‘In other words, it may forbid all such acts as would render
the public right less valuable or destroy it altogether.”
A later Supreme Court case, Manchester v. Massachusetts (139
U. S., 240 (1890)), was argued for the fisherman by one of the leaders
of the bar—Joseph H. Choate: This eminent counselor said: ‘‘We
do not question the right of the State to regulate its own fisheries
within its own soil or tidewaters.”” He acknowledged that within
the tidewaters there has been no grant of power over the fisheries to
the United States; but he argued that the State had no jurisdiction
upon the ocean, even within 3 miles offshore. The court, however,
decided in favor of the State of Massachusetts, holding that the State
possessed authority to prohibit the use of various kinds of nets in the
navigable waters of Buzzard’s Bay. Quoting the language of the
same court in an earlier opinion, it said:
The title thus held is subject to the paramount right of navigation, the regulation of
which, in respect to foreign and interstate commerce, has been granted to the United
States. There has been, however, no such grant of power over the fisheries. These
remain under the exclusive control of the State, which has consequently the right, in
its discretion, to appropriate its tidewaters and their beds to be used by its people asa
common for taking and cultivating fish, so far as it may be done without obstructing
navigation.
Whether the United States could make laws for the protection of
fish in navigable waters is not settled by these cases. In the Man-
chester v. Massachusetts case the court said:
We do not consider the question whether or not Congress would have the right to
control the menhaden fisheries which the statute of Massachusetts assumes to control;
but we mean to say only that, as the right of control exists in the State in the absence
of the affirmative action of Congress taking such control, the fact that Congress has
never assumed the control of such fisheries is persuasive evidence that the right to
control then remains in the State.
The Supreme Court of Iowa has held that its fish laws extend from
bank to bank of the Mississippi. State v. Moyers (155 lowa, 678
(1912)). The Supreme Court oP Wisconsin, on the contrary, has held
that the laws of Minnesota for the protection of fish, control only to
the main channel of that river. Roberts v. Fullerton (117 Wis., 222
Ba FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES.
(1903)). Whatever rule may finally prevail as to the right of a State
to enforce its fish laws beyond the State line in rivers subject to con-
current jurisdiction, there is no conflict as to its right to enforce these
laws on that part of the river within its own boundary.
It is clear from these decisions that, in the absence of legislation
by Congress, the States have a complete right to provide fish protec-
tive legislation for navigable waters. But it is not to be concluded
from this that the National Government is wholly uninterested.
The central authority is concerned with any question which affects
the general welfare, and the food supply is certainly of this character.
The United States Government is, moreover, specifically concerned
with fishery resources for the reason that the Bureau of Fisheries
plants millions of fishes and mussels in the waters of the different
States. Because of this interest the Bureau endeavors to assist in
the task of securing both adequate development of aquatic products
and their effective protection.
As a war measure the Food Administration has licensed and regu-
lated salt-water fishermen; but the State laws not in conflict with
these regulations remained in effect.
II. NAMES OF FISHES.
As the same species or genus is given different names in different
statutes, and even in the same statute, the names by which the fishes
will be distinguished herein are listed, together with cross references
from other names that are in common use or are found in the stat-
utes. When a genus includes more than one species, all the species
are often, perhaps usually, included under one English name, so
that such names are commonly generic rather than specific, at least
on the Mississippi River. Because of the infinite confusion in the
use of these popular names it can not always be determined with
certainty to what species or genus a statute refers. Care has been
taken to be as accurate as possible under these circumstances.
Alewife. Pomolobus Rafinesque, all | Bass, willow. See Bass, black.
American species.
Barfish. See Bass, striped.
Bass. Sometimes means black bass and
striped bass, and sometimes appears
to include other species also.
Bass, black. Muicropterus
both species.
Bass, calico. See Crappie.
Bass, gray. See Bass, black.
Bass, green. See Bass, black.
Bass, largemouth. Micropterus sal-
mordes (Lacépéde). See Bass, black.
Bass, Oswego. See Bass, black.
Bass, rock. Ambloplites rupestris (Ra-
finesque), and probably Chznobryttus
gulosus (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Bass, silver. See Bass, striped; Crap-
ie.
Bass, smallmouth. Micropterus dolo-
mieu Lacépéde. See Bass, black.
Bass, dale s See Crappie.
Bass, striped. Roccus chrysops (Rafin-
esque) and Morone interrupta Gill.
Bass, white. See Bass, striped; Crap-
pie.
Lacépéde,
Bass, yellow. See Bass, striped; also
Bass, black.
Billfish. See Gar.
Black-fin. See Cisco.
Bluegill. See Sunfish.
Bowfin. Amiatus calvus (Linnzeus).
Buffalofish. JIctiobus Rafinesque, all
species, and probably Carpiodes Ra-
finesque, all species.
Bullhead. Ameiurus Rafinesque,all spe-
cies, doubtless excepting lacustris (Wal-
baum), if there be such a species.
Burbot. Lota maculosa (Le Sueur).
Carp. Cyprinus carpio Linnzus, and
probably (but not in Illinois) Carpio-
des Rafinesque, all species.
Carp. German. See se
Cat, shovel-nose. See Paddlefish.
Cat, spoonbill. See Paddlefish.
Catfish. JIctalurus Rafinesque, all spe-
cies; Leptops olivaris (Rafinesque); and
in some cases all species of Ameiurus,
the bullheads.
Catfish, stone. Noturus Rafinesque
and Schilbeodes Bleeker, all species.
FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES. 9
Char. See Trout. ;
Chub. See Minnow. The “chub” of
Illinois (Lake Michigan) is herein
called cisco.
Cisco. Leucichthys Dybowski, or Ar-
gyrosomus Agassiz, all species. See
also Tullibee.
Crappie. Pomoxis Rafinesque, both
species.
Dace. See Minnow.
Dogfish. See Bowfin.
Drum,fresh-water. Aplodinotus grun-
niens Rafinesque.
Eel. Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur).
Eel-pout. See Burbot.
Fallfish. Semotilus bullaris Rafinesque
(in Pennsylvania). The species is
more generally known as chub; it is
in the minnow family.
Gar. Lepisosteus Lacépéde, all species.
Gaspergou. See Drum, fresh-water.
Goggle-eye. See Bass, rock.
Grayling. Thymallus Cuvier, all spe-
cies.
Grinnel (Grindle). See Bowfin.
Hackleback. See Sturgeon.
Herring. See Alewife; also Cisco.
Herring, lake. See Cisco.
Jackfish. See Perch, pike.
Killifish. Fundulus Lacépéde, all spe-
cies, and possibly other species of the
family Peeciliide.
Lawyer. See Burbot; also Bowfin.
Longjaw. See Cisco.
Minnow. Cyprinide, except Cyprinus
carpio Linnzeus, the carp. The word
‘‘minnow” is sometimes used loosely
for all small fishes except game fish.
Mullet. See Redhorse.
Muskellunge. Lsox masquinongy Mit-
chill.
Paddlefish. Polyodon spathula (Wal-
baum).
Perch. As used in Louisiana this name
appears to mean sunfish and rock bass.
Perch, black. See Bass, rock.
Perch, lake. See Perch, yellow.
Perch, pike. Stizostedion Rafinesque,
both species.
Perch, ring. See Perch, yellow.
Perch, silver. Undetermined (West
Virginia).
Perch, white. See Drum, fresh-water;
also Crappie.
ee yellow. Perca flavescens (Mit-
chill).
Pickerel. Hsoxr Linnzeus, all species ex-
cept masquinongy, the muskellunge.
Pike. See Pickerel. The ‘“‘pike” of
Wisconsin and Iowa is herein called
pike perch.
Pike, blue. See Perch, pike.
Pike, grass. See Pickerel.
Pike, sand. See Perch, pike.
Pike, wall-eyed. See Perch, pike.
Pike, western. See Muskellunge.
Quillback. Carpiodes Rafinesque, all
species. In some States it may be in-
tended to include these under the terms
carp or buffalofish.
Red-eye. See Bass, rock.
Redhorse. Mozosioma Rafinesque, all
species, and Placopharynx duquesnu (Le
Sueur).
Rock. See Bass, striped.
Sac-a-lait. See Crappie.
Salmon. Usually means landlocked sal-
mon, but may also include pike perch
in some cases.
Salmon, jack. See Perch, pike.
oa landlocked. Salmo sebago Gi-
rard.
Salmon, See Perch,
pike.
Salmon, wall-eye. See Perch, pike.
Salmon, white. See Perch, pike.
Salmon, yellow. See Perch, pike.
Sauger. Stizostedion canadense (Smith).
See Perch, pike.
Shad. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson).
Shad, gizzard. Dorosoma cepedianum
(Le Sueur). -
Shad, hickory. See Shad, gizzard.
Sheepshead. See Drum, fresh-water.
Spoonbill. See Paddlefish.
Sturgeon. Acipenseride, and possibly
in some States Polyodon spathula (Wal-
baum), the paddlefish.
Sucker. Catosomide, except, usually
or always, the genera Ictiobus, Carpiodes,
Moxostoma, and Placopharynz.
Sunfish. Lepomis Rafinesque, all spe-
cies.
Trelipie. See Tullibee.
Trout. Salvelinus (Nilsson) Richardson,
all species except Salvelinus namaycush
(Walbaum), the lake trout, and its sub-
species; also Salmo (Artedi) Linnzus,
all species of the region except Salmo
sebago Girard, the landlocked salmon.
See also Trout, lake. In the South
black bass are sometimes called trout.
Trout, brook. Salvelinus fontinalis
(Mitchill). See Trout.
Trout, brown. See Trout.
Trout, green. See bass, black.
Trout, lake. Cristivomer, or Salvelinus
namaycush (Walbaum).
Trout, rainbow. See Trout.
Trout, salmon. Name used on Great
Lakes for Trout, lake.
Tullibee. Leucichthys tullibee (Richard-
son), and probaBly other species of the
same genus; name used in Minnesota.
See also Cisco.
Wall-eye. Stizostedion vitreum (Mit-
chill). See Perch, pike.
Whitefish. Coregonus (Artedi) Lirmzus,
all species.
Susquehanna.
10 FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES.
: Ill. TIME, PLACE, AND MANNER, OF CAPTURE.
Arkansas.—Bag limit on ‘‘trout,’’ black bass, striped bass, rock bass, and crappie
is 25 fish (55). Explosives and drugs shall not be used to take or injure fish (45, 46).
Shooting fish is forbidden (47). Nets may be used only as follows: Hoop nets with-
out wings, or with wings not over 50 feet long, the mesh of net and wings to be at
least 3 inches square; a minnow seine not exceeding 16 feet in length used by a person
licensed to fish with artificial bait; a seine not more than 60 feet long with mesh at
least 14 inches square, used by picnic parties to catch fish for their own use, June 15
to September 1 (49). The fish and game commission may issue permits for taking
with nets fish for distribution and propagation in the State (50). Except with line
and not over three hooks, fish shall not be taken during the spawning season; until
otherwise determined by the commission this is declared to be March 15 to May 15
(48, 53, 54). It is unlawful to take fish from an inclosed or artificial pond which has
been posted by the owner. (Act approved Feb. 16, 1875.
Ilinois.—No fish may be taken within 100 feet of any dam (25). A seine not over
20 feet long with mesh not less than } of an inch square may be used to take minnows
for bait only (37). Hoop, fyke, dip nets, or baskets with mesh not less than 14 inches
square, may be used July 1 to April 15 and seine with same mesh September 1 to
April 15, except for black bass, pickerel, pike perch, whitefish, trout, cisco, and
yellow perch (35). Gill and pound nets with mesh not less than 2} inches square
may be used for whitefish and lake trout December 1 to November 1 (36). Gill,
dip, and pound nets with mesh not less than 1} inches square may be used for cisco,
or with mesh not less than 17; inches square for yellow perch, provided not over 10
per cent of catch at any lift consists of lake trout of a less weight than 14 pounds
dressed each, and such lake trout may be sold only locally and not shipped (36).
Maximum lengths for nets are: Hoop, fyke, or pound 200 yards and seine 1,000 yards;
they shall not obstruct more than half the width of a watercourse (39).
The commission may set aside fish preserves in which fishing with other devices
than hooks and lines, or minnow seine for bait, may be practiced only by special
permit (25, 37).
Drugs, explosives, firearms, artificial lights, snare spears, gig graines, and trammel
nets shall not be used to catch fish (40, 40b).
It is unlawful to fish in private ponds without the owner’s consent (40b).
Persons authorized by the United States may take fish for propagation or distri-
bution and may destroy gizzard shad and gar; the University of Illinois and its agents
may take fish for scientific purposes (38, 51).
Mussel fishing may be practiced commercially with one boat only or an additional
boat for towing, and with only two crowfoot bars not over 16 feet long each, and only
one dredge not over 3 feet long; such fishing is permitted from only April 15 to No-
vember 30 (55). The commission may close areas to mussel fishing for periods not
exceeding five years (57).
Frogs over one-fourth pound shall not be taken in May or June (34).
Structures excluding daylight or used for concealment in ice fishing are prohibited
40a).
: Weaiana. Shallow waters designated by the commissioner of fisheries as breeding
grounds shall not be fished between March 20 and July 1 (2533a). Closed season for
trout (except in boundary waters) is September 1 to April 1, and trout waters (except
boundary waters) may be closed for three years by the commission. (1917, ch. 42.)
Bag limits (not applicable to private ponds) are 50 sunfish or crappie, and 12 bass,
or 20 bass in one boat (2543), or 20 trout, possibly excepting trout from boundary
waters. (1917, ch. 42.) It is unlawful to fish in private ponds without the owner’s
permission, or to enter upon inclosed land for the purpose of setting a trot line
(2549-2551).
In interior waters (and as to net, seine, or traps within 100 yards of Indiana tribu-
taries to boundary rivers) the following kinds of tackle are prohibited: Trot line with
hooks smaller than five-sixteenths of an inch from point to shank, hook and line
attached to floating device, gig, spear, seine, net, or trap of any kind. (2533b, as
amended by 1915, chs. 16 and° 2541.) Exceptions are made in favor of owners of
private ponds, and persons catching minnows for bait in minnow traps and minnow
seines not more than 12 feet long, 4 feet deep, “and the meshes of which shall not be
larger than one-fourth of an inch” (2532, 2541); but minnows may not be taken in
State breeding grounds for trout. (1917, ch. 42.) Except in boundary waters trout
may be caught by hook and line only. (1917, ch. 42.) Fish other than carp, gar,
bowfin, and sucker shall not be shocked by electricity nor caught by unaided hand
or gaff (2548a). Fish shall not be shot (2539), nor taken or injured by means of
stupifying or poisonous substances (2541, 2547) or explosives (2548).
FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES. 11
Fishing by other means than hook and line is prohibited on or near fish ladders
2534, 7446).
In Lake Michigan and its bays and harbors gill and pound nets may be used for
taking whitefish, lake trout, yellow perch, cisco, and rough fish; complicated restric-
tions are made as to size of mesh; gill nets must have flags attached. (1917, ch. 40.)
Iowa.—Closed seasons are as follows: Salmon and trout between October 1 and
April 15; bass, pike perch, crappie, pickerel, catfish, and other game fish between
December 1 and May 15 (2); in interstate waters pike perch, bass, and crappie,
March 31 to June 1, inclusive (13). Bag limits for interior waters are 40 of the species
first named, and not over 20 of them shall be bass, pike perch, or pickerel (2, 10).
Fishing is prohibited in streams stocked with breeding trout over 2 years old within
one year from the date of stocking, if notice be posted (2). In ice fishing on interior
waters no structure for protection against the weather or means for creating artificial
heat may be used (2, 10). Except as stated in the following paragraphs fishing is
limited, in interior waters, to two lines with one hook each, or three united hooks
used in trolling (2, 5, 10).
A seine not exceeding 5 yards in length with three-eighths inch mesh may he used
for taking minnows for bait (4).
One trot line may be used, May 15 to December 1, in streams including the Big
Sioux River and the boundary portion of the Des Moines River, but it shall not ex-
tend more than halfway across (2, 11). Spears may be used to take carp, sucker,
redhorse, and buffalofish in waters on the bottom lands and islands of Mississippi
River (2).
Toon mie lakes, buffalofish, carp, quillback, redhorse, suckers, and gar may be
taken in nets under special permit and supervision of warden, but no seine shall be
used December 1 to June 15 (9). Nets may be used by licensees in Mississippi and
Missouri Rivers, and shall have mesh not less than 24 inches stretch measure (2, 11).
It is unlawful to net food fishes in interstate waters and not use them (14).
Tackle other than rod, line, and hook may not be used within 300 feet of a fishway
or dam (2). Drugs, explosives, and electricity shall not be used to take fish (3).
Fish in private ponds may be taken by the owner by any means; other persons
shall not take fish from such ponds without the consent of the owner (8).
Kentucky.—In boundary streams all fish except black bass may be taken in seines
and hoop nets without wings, having mesh not less than 14 inches square. In navi-
gable streams improved with locks and dams the same may be done, but the mesh
must be not less than 2 inches square. Nets shall not be used nearer than 200 yards
from the mouth of any stream, nor from a lock or dam, and shall not be used above the
last lock and dam, and shall not be used during May. (1918, ch. 67.)
Except as stated in the preceding paragraph and except in private ponds, it is for-
bidden to take fish by other means than lines and set lines (1, 2, 5), or dynamite or
drugs (3), or to shoot fish (4), or to kill or stun fish by striking upon the rocks or ice (6).
Minnows may be taken for bait (7). Entering without consent upon the lands of
another for the purpose of fishing is unlawful (1252, 1259).
Louisiana.—Bag limit is 25 black bass, striped bass, or crappie, and 100 “‘perch”
and sunfish (resolution of conservation commission, now department of conservation,
ye he Sept. 10, 1912). Black bass, striped bass, crappie, ‘‘perch,’’ and sunfish
shall be caught only with line having not more than five sets of hooks or with trolling
i a) artificial bait (40). Seines may be used for taking minnows or shrimp for
ait (33).
Hoop nets are prohibited in bayous, lagoons, and streams less than 40 yards wide
and selning in fresh water is prohibited, except in certain waters for common species,
such as buffalofish and catfish under permit by the department (33); letter of the
president of the commission, now department, to Dr. i. M. Smith, United States
Commissioner of Fisheries, dated October 25, 1915, includes paddlefish and ‘‘gas-
pergou” (fresh-water drum) as such common species. Seines shall not be used within
100 feet of the shore and shall not exceed 900 feet in length; splashing of water or
pounding of boat to drive fish into seine is not permitted; vegetation hauled out with
seine must be returned to the water; gars taken in seine must be killed. (Rules on
permits issued by department pursuant to sec. 42.) Permits may be revoked if
shown to be detrimental to game and fish resources (33). Hoop nets must be made
of twine and be at least 3-inch mesh on bar between knots (64). Seine, hoop net, or
set line shall not be used for buffalofish between February 15 and April 15, nor for
paddlefish between January 1 and July 15, nor for catfish between May 15 and July
15; no paddlefish shall be had in possession which does not contain roe suitable to
be made into caviar (37). Puddling water to catch fish and using lights, fyke, gill,
or trammel nets or other permanent set means are prohibited (44, 45, 55); hoop nets
are probably not intended to be included in this prohibition, for they are regulated
as hereinbeiore noted. Explosives and drugs shall not be put into public waters (57).
12 FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES.
The department may prohibit the taking of any kind of fresh-water fish in any
part of the State for not over three years (52).
The department may grant written permits to take fish for the purposes of science,
cultivation, or distribution (47).
The department may adopt regulations for the protection and propagation of frogs
and alligators; and fix the season during which and the size at which they may be
taken or sold; but such regulations shall not prevent the killing of alligators found
damaging levees or canals. (1918, house bills Nos. 118 and 120.)
Diamond-back terrapin, unless artificially poopagaied, shall not be taken between
April ” and June 15 (60, 61). Nest or eggs of terrapin must not be molested. (1910,
act 50.
Salt-water operations for fish, shrimp, and oysters are regulated by several acts.
Minnesota.—Closed season for trout or salmon, except lake trout caught in inter-
national waters, is September 1 to May 1 in northern part of State, and September 1
to April 15 in southern part; for black bass, March 1 to June 15 in northern part of
State, and March 1 to May 29 in southern part; other varieties of fish March 1 to May 1
(4807). In interstate waters the closed season for black bass is the same, and for other
game fish it is March 1 to May 1 (4830).
Bag limits are 25 crappie or trout, 15 pike perch, 15 bass, except rock bass, and no
person shall have in possession more than 25 bass, except rock bass (4808), and the
taking of over 25 fish in one day is prohibited, with exceptions (4896). Crappie,
trout, pike perch, and bass (except rock bass) shall be taken only with hook and line,
and not more than one line shall be used, and it shall have not more than one bait,
except that three artificial flies may be used in trout fishing (4808). Provision is made
for closing trout streams to all fishing except during season for trout (4857-4859). And
there are provisions for the more thickly populated localities (4885-4895).
Fishing in a lake or stream within 50 feet of a fishway is forbidden (4864).
Fishing on Sundays is unlawful. (Gen. Stat. of 1913, sec. 8753.)
Fishing in certain waters by means of set lines (4835, 1917, ch. 333, sec. 4), fish
house (4866, 1917, ch. 96, sec. 10), and tip-ups (4867-4868) is regulated. Spears may
be used for specified food fish, subject to numerous restrictions (4808).
Netting in inland lakes for whitefish and tullibee for domestic use is permitted
with numerous restrictions (4808), likewise gill netting for herring for domestic use
and not forsale. (1917, ch. 176.) The taking of fish from shallow waters is provided
for. (1917, ch. 84.) The game and fish commissioner may catch and sell specified
rough fish where it appears that they are detrimental to game fish. (1913, ch. 477.)
In the Mississippi River within the State (from Falls of St. Anthony to 1,000 feet above
the mouth of the St. Croix River) pound net, seine, or dip nets may be used to take
sturgeon, redhorse, bowfin, buffalofish, catfish, pickerel, carp, and suckers, as follows:
Not within 1,000 feet of mouth of a stream; pound net not over 75 feet long; seine
not over 150 feet long: mesh in all cases not less than 24 inches on bar (4819). Net-
ting in certain waters is allowed for specified rough fish, under supervision of warden
and subject to exceptions and to provisions as to mesh, bond, and reports, except for
most waters, April 1 to October 1. (1915, chs. 261 and 348; and 1917, ch. 386.)
In international waters nets and set lines may be used by United States citizens
resident in Minnesota, under restrictions as to size, mesh, number of nets, leads,
position, and seasons. (1917, chs. 96 and 333.)
In the St. Croix River and the interstate portion of the Mississippi River, fish,
except catfish under 15 inches rough, 12 inches dressed, pike perch, pickerel, bass,
sunfish, yellow perch, and crappie, may be taken by residents of Minnesota and,
provisionally, of Wisconsin (4845) with nets, set lines, and spears, except April 15 to
June 15 (4826-4835); no license is required for spearing (4833); the mesh is limited
for each kind of net and for different parts of the same kind (4834); set lines may have
not more than 300 hooks, shall not be baited with live bait, and no person may have
more than one (4835); nets must bear license number above water; and seines shall
not be longer than 4,000 feet and shall not be raised at night (4840); fyke nets must
be raised at least weekly (4841).
Drugs or explosives shall not be used to take fish (4865).
The accredited representative of any incorporated society of natural history or
college may collect fish for scientific purposes under permit of the game and fish
commissioner (4771).
Mussel fishing may be practiced commercially with one boat only, or an additional
boat for towing, and with only two crowfoot bars not over 20 feet long each, and only
one dredge not over 3 feet long with prongs or forks nor more than 4 inches long, and
it is lawful to use a pitchfork; the commission may close areas to mussel fishing for
periods not exceeding five years. (1917, ch. 471.)
Commission may prescribe a ‘“‘closed season’”’ permanently or for a number of years for
frogs (and game birds and animals protected by law) in certain districts. (1915, ch. 288.)
FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES. 13
Mississippi.—Boards of supervisors have authority to regulate the time and the
places in which and the circumstances under which fish may be taken (4700-4703);
they may entirely prohibit the catching of fish for one or more years or seasons when
they believe that the supply is about to be exhausted (4704); they may prohibit the
use of seines, barrel nets, gill nets, and other like contrivances, or any of them, or
may restrict the use of the same to places which annually go dry, and may prohibit
or regulate the use of the same in particular waters, and may prescribe what kinds of
seines or nets may be used and when and where (4707). The use of fish traps may be
prohibited or regulated by boards, and every fish trap which wholly obstructs the
passage of fish shall be unlawful (4708). Fish shall not be taken by means of explo-
sives (902), and shall not be poisoned (1062). Fishing on Sunday (1105) or on the
premises wheré the owner has posted a notice forbidding it is unlawful (1135).
Missouri.—Gigging and spearing are prohibited from December to April, inclusive;
all fishing except hook and line and gigging are prohibited during April and May;
not more than 50 pounds of fish, in addition to one individual fish, shall be gigged or
speared in one day, and that for domestic use only (6548). Fishing through ice is
prohibited (6549).
A glass or wire minnow trap, or a seine not more than 20 feet long and 4 feet wide
may be used to take minnows and small sunfish for bait; residents may net fish for
food, but not for commerce, from temporary overflows; the owner of the land, or other
person by his permission, may use a 2-inch-mesh seine to take fish from unnavigable
streams during July, August, and September, for consumption, but not for sale;
bowfin, paddlefish, and gars may be taken at any time and in any manner, except
by explosives (6548).
Seines, trammel, and hoop nets with mesh at least 2 inches square may be used in
the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers from June to March, inclusive, but not within
300 yards of the mouth of any stream or slough. With the exceptions just stated, and
excepting also fish taken,in private pond or reservoir wholly upon the premises of
the owner or occupant and by his consent, it is unlawful to take fish by any means
other than hook and line, gig, spear, trot line, or artificial bait (6548). Fishing devices
shall not obstruct the free passage of fish through watercourses (6535). Within 200
feet of a fishway fish may be taken only by means of pole, line, single hook, and
natural bait (6549).
Fish shall not be taken by means of explosives or drugs (6537, 6538).
Under permit by the game and fish commissioner fish may be taken for scientific
or propagating purposes (6568).
Pearl fishing is prohibited from March to June, inclusive (6551).
Ohio.—F or black bass the closed season in inland district is the month of May,
and in Lake Erie district May 25 to July 15, inclusive (1428). Trout and salmon may
be caught only from April 15 to September 15, inclusive (1431). Bag limits are 12
black bass or 40 sunfish; black bass, crappie, and rock bass may be taken only with
hook and line (1428). Trespassing on a private fishery is unlawful. (1912, Gen.
Code, secs. 10174 and 12525.) Fishing on Sunday is forbidden. (1912, Gen. Code,
sec. 13048.) Fishing in inland district is permitted only with hook and line, and in
streams, by the owner of the adjoining land or under his consent, with trot line, bob
line, or spear (1426). Ice fishing in inland district is permitted only through two
holes not more than 23 feet each in diameter; not more than two hooks shall be used
on one line (1427). Minnows may be taken only for bait; in inland waters they may
be caught with a seine not exceeding 4 feet by 8 feet, and in the Lake Erie district
by a seine not exceeding 30 feet in length (1433). Explosives, poisonous substances,
and electricity shall not be used to take fish (1446).
Fish in pools left by receding waters may be taken in any manner (1456).
Closed season for netting in the Lake Erie district is December 16 to March 14,
inclusive (1434, 1442). In this district the following kinds of tackle may be used:
Pound, gill, fyke, trap, and devil net, seine, trot line, and hook and line limited to
three hooks; no fish shall be driven into any net by noise or other disturbance (1438).
The mesh of gill nets shall not be less than 3 inches, stretched factory measure; pound
and fyke nets shall have a specified portion with not less than 23-inch mesh, and that
portion shall not be puckered (1441). Netting is prohibited in parts of the district
(1439, 1440, 1450, 1452). Carp may be taken at any time in waters connected with
Lake Erie by a seine having mesh not less than 4 inches stretch, or by other nets
authorized by the secretary of agriculture (1453).
Gros may be netted only with ‘‘single seine or net” with mesh 4 inches square
_ Pennsylvania.—Closed seasons on fish are as follows: Trout, August 1 to April 14,
inclusive; lake trout, September 30 to June 30, inclusive; black bass, rock bass, striped
bass (fresh-water), crappie, pike perch, pickerel, muskellunge, and yellow perch,
December 31 to June 30 (15). In boundary lakes the closed season on black bass.
” 160695°—20——13
14 FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES.
rock bass, crappie, muskellunge, and _pickerel is November 1 to May 20, inclusive.
(1913, act 71, sec. 4.) Bag limits are 25 trout; 25 striped bass, rock bass, and crappie;
12 black bass; 25 pike perch; 25 pickerel; 4 muskellunge; 50 yellow perch; 50 sunfish
(35). In boundary lakes the limits are 25 rock bass or crappie and 12 black bass,
muskellunge, or pickerel. (1913, act 71, sec. 4.)
Only a single rod and line, or one hand line with not more than three hooks, may
be used to take trout, pike perch, pickerel, muskellunge, fall fish, black bass, crappie,
striped bass (fresh-water), and rock bass; other fish may be taken only by rods and
lines or one hand line with not more than three hooks attached, all to be under the
immediate control of the person using them (4, 6, 45).
Minnows, killifishes, and stone catfish may be taken in dip net or minnow seine not
over 4 feet in diameter, or a minnow trap with not more than one opening, which
shall not exceed 1 inch in diameter (5, 45).
The commissioner may promulgate rules for catching fish (121), and may set aside
small streams and lakes as nurseries, and, after publishing and posting notice, prohibit
fishing therein (124).
Sunday fishing is prohibited (10). Within 100 feet of the lower end of any fishway
or dam, or within any other distance specified in a notice posted by the commissioner,
only rod, hook, and line fishing is permitted (92).
Electricity, explosives, and poisonous substances shall not be used to take fish.
(100; 1918, act 71, secs. 5 and 6.)
Fishing for scientific research, or propagation, or stocking may be carried on under
permit from the commissioner (120).
In boundary lakes black bass, rock bass, crappie, muskellunge, and pickerel may
be caught only with ‘‘rod and line having not more than three hooks, or with a hand
line having not more than three hooks, or a spear used for catching carp and suckers
only or with a trolling line with spoon hooks attached;” in bays or waters on any
peninsula of boundary lakes any kind of fish may be taken only by means of rod
and line or hand line, either to have not more than three hooks attached, or with
a trolling line with spoon hooks attached; exceptions are made in favor of minnow
nets. (1913, act 71, secs. 1-3.)
In boundary lakes, subject to the limitations just stated and at distances from bays,
streams, and the shore varying for different kinds of nets, licensees may use gill nets
with mesh at least 3 inches stretch measure and not more than 30 meshes deep, or
if for lake trout with mesh at least 54 inches stretch measure; also pound nets with
crib having mesh at least 24 inches stretch measure, trap nets with mesh at least
24 inches stretch measure, and set lines called ‘‘night ” lines. (1913, act 71, secs. 9
and 11, as amended by 1915, act 226.) Nets, except gill and pound nets, must be
tagged (1913, act 71, sec. 15.).
Sturgeon fishing in Lake Erie shall be stopped for five years when the same pro-
visions is made by Ontario, New York, and Ohio. (1917, act 32.)
For shad, alewite, catfish, suckers, eel, and carp, licensees may use from March 1
to June 20 in the Susquehanna River from McCall’s Ferry Dam to the Maryland
State line, and within the limits of tidewater, the following kinds of tackle: Haul
seine or shore seine, dip net, or hold-in net, sometimes called a moon rake, “‘with
diameter of not more than 3 feet at the widest point and a length of not more than 7
feet from heel of the bow, being the point of jointure of the sides of the bow at the
handle.’? The mesh must be not less than 1} inches, knot to knot, while being
fished (55-58).
Fishing on the Delaware River is regulated by special acts. (1889, act 240, and
1909, acts 201 and 269, and amendments. )
Fishing by unnaturalized foreign-born residents is forbidden. (1915, act 84.)
The closed season on bullfrogs and tadpoles is from November | to July 1, inclusive,
and on terrapin from March 15 to November 1; limits on catches are 25 bullfrogs or
tadpoles in a day, 50 bullfrogs in a season, 5 terrapin in a day, and 50 terrapin in a
season; bullfrogs shall not be taken by the use of a light at night. (1917, act 180.
Tennessee.—Closed season on trout, black bass, landlocked salmon, crappie, an
rock bass is from May 1 to June 15 (47).
Trammel nets, baskets, dip nets, and set nets with mesh at least 2 inches in width
may be used by licensees in Cumberland, Mississippi, Tennessee, Big Sandy, Obion,
and Forked Deer Rivers, but not within 200 feet of any inlet nor within 300 feet of
any lock or dam (49). With this exception, and also excepting the taking of fish
from private ponds, and the seining of minnows for bait, fish shall not be captured
by nets, traps, gun, gig, grabhook, poison, explosives, or any means other than rod
and line and trot line (45). Minnows so taken must be under a length of 44 inches,
and the net must not be over 10 feet long (46). '
West Virginia.—Closed season on pike perch, black bass, rock bass, pickerel,
suckers, carp, and redhorse is April 1 to July 1, and on trout and landlocked salmon
from August | to July 1 (42). Fishing on Sundays is prohibited (26). Small fishes,
FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES. 15
except salmon, bass, shad, and trout may be taken for bait or scientific purposes
by means of hand or cast nets (42). The only tackle permitted is hook and line
and trot line having hooks not less than 2 feet apart, and hand or cast nets to take min-
nows for bait; other tackle may be used by the owner to take fish from private springs
or ponds, and persons other than the owner shall not take fish from such waters (42).
Drugs, explosives, and electricity shall not be used to take fish (46, 47). Fishing on
lands of another person without permission is forbidden (48).
Wisconsin.—The conservation commission may determine, after petition and
hearing, in what manner, in what numbers, in what places, and at what time wild
animals (includes fish) may be taken (29.21). :
Closed seasons (omitting provisions for special counties or bodies of water) are as
follows, all dates being inclusive: Black bass from March 2 to June 14; “Oswego
bass, green bass, and yellow bass,’’ from March 2 to May 28 (as these names are popular
synonyms for black bass it is impossible to know certainly what the closed season is,
in this State, for black bass); yellow perch and sunfish in counties bordering on the
Mississippi River, and rock bass, white bass, catfish, muskellunge, pike perch, and
pickerel in the State generally, from March 2 to May 28; trout, from September 1 to
April 30; sturgeon, all year (29.19). The season for hook and line fishing in the
Mississippi River, except for black bass, opens May 1 (29.19).
Bag limits are 10 black bass, 30 rock bass, 35 trout, 10 pike perch, 15 pickerel, 2
ee 10 catfish, but no catfish limit on Mississippi River, 30 pounds of bull-
head (29.19).
All fishing is prohibited in streams and creeks containing trout, during the close
season for trout; or at any time in any spring hole or artificial well connected with
any of the waters of the State; or by means of shutting or drawing off water for that
purpose; or within 200 feet (more in some localities) of any fishway, lock, or dam
except with hook and line (29.26).
Not more than three lines may be used, each having not more than two hooks or
one spoon or artificial bait each. Spearing for rough fish is prohibited in unnavigable
waters containing trout, in navigable waters containing trout, during the closed season
for trout, also in certain specified waters, and at night time in inland waters. The
use of snag line or snag pole is prohibited (29.27).
Fishing through ice is prohibited in certain waters; spearing of pickerel through
the ice is permitted in the Mississippi River and its lakes, bays, bayous, and sloughs;
fish shelters may be used on the Mississippi River and certain other waters (29.28).
Explosives, poisonous substances, and other substances deleterious to fish life, or
which might attract fish in unusual numbers shall not be used for taking fish, except
that cisco may be baited with oatmeal for the purpose of catching them with hook
and line through the ice (29.29).
Minnow seines not over 40 feet long (100 feet in Great Lakes waters) and 5 feet
deep, and dip nets not exceeding 6 feet in diameter, may be used for taking rough
fish minnows for bait; but in trout streams they must be used only under the super-
vision of a deputy warden (29.32).
Net and set-line fishing is regulated as follows: No apron or other device to catch
small fish shall be used in pound net; no net shall shut off more than one-half the
channel or passageway of any stream, or be set within 1,000 feet of any other net; no
licensee shall join his net to that of any other licensee; flags bearing the license
number must be maintained over nets and lines; licensees in Great Lakes waters
must permit State officials to accompany them and the officials may at any time
raise set lines; except in specified Great Lakes waters, no net shall be drawn or lifted
from one hour after sunset until sunrise; all rough fish taken in nets in inland waters
shall be brought to shore and disposed of, but not returned to the water; sizes of nets
specified mean the size, stretch measure, at the time of use (29.30).
Set lines may be used in certain waters with hooks not smaller than 5-0, and with
not over 25 or 300 hooks, depending on locality (29.37).
Elaborate and complicated regulations are provided for net and set-line fishing in
Great Lakes waters (29.33). Net fishing is prohibited in the Mississippi River and
Lakes Pepin and St. Croix from April 16 to June 14, also at all times in specified
waters, and for catfish under 15 inches rough, 12 inches dressed, pike perch, bass of
any variety, crappie, sunfish, pickerel, sturgeon, and yellow perch; in said waters
seines shall not exceed 4,000 feet, and mesh shall be not less than 5 inches on the
wings or 4 inches in the center of the pot, the pot not exceeding 150 feet, and gill
nets shall have mesh not less than 7 inches, and pound or hoop nets not less than
6 inches in the leaders, 5 inches in the hearts, or 3 inches in the hoops, and bait nets
shall be used without leads, have mesh not less than 3 inches and front hoop not over
4 feet (29.34).
Dip netting is allowed in specified inland waters (29.31). Provision is made for
netting whitefish and cisco in inland lakes (29.35) and for netting rough fish in Winne-
bago waters (29.36).
16 FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES.
The commission is authorized to net from inland waters (with exceptions) rough
fish found to be detrimental to game fish, and to dispose of them to the best interest
of the State (29.62).
The commission may authorize the taking of fish for scientific purposes or propa-
gation (29.17, 29.01, 29.51).
The operation of private hatcheries is provided for (29.50, 29.52).
Crawfish and crabs shall not be taken between March 1 and July 1, nor frogs from
March 1 to May 1, except that frogs may be had in possession by a person in the busi-
ness of propagating them, or when used for scientific purposes (29.20). Frogs shall
not be taken from lands owned by another without his consent (sec. 4565dm).
Nonresident mussel fishermen may use one boat only. Mussels shall not be taken
with a dredge (29.38).
IV. SIZE LIMITS FOR AQUATIC ANIMALS.
MINIMUM SI1zEs oF FISHES AND OTHER AQUATIC ANIMALS, WITH REFERENCES TO THE
Laws IN EAcH STATE.
, ae ae wee:
o|a |e] 4 G0) a apes
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State and citation ofstatute.| ‘6 © 3 i) s | 2 2/3 iz as
wn a an oS =| roy & 3h g By a 5 4
Srl Sy [0 (Beh levels ehena] es Alvis Garaget BS feet am
9 Q —Q FQ —Q oO 'S) Ore Ie) = Ay py
In In In In In In. | In. | In In In In In
Arkansas,@ sec. 21......-.-- 1G Pease 8 iC) leae er (a) | (@) Se |ri(@)ie Paes DU
Tilinois,} secs. 41,42,42A,56.| 10 6 7 613 i ee eo 13 a
Wnidiang ¢sse.ee eee ae == 10 il icthes|eaches|boecmc | poopedleoss5 Ghistsitr isa. ses 12) |e soeee
Towa, interstate waters,
CLG) Gad B ee eee Or oS aSe 1 CH Paes 8 Ue EaReee 15 13 3 ae 8 Sees & WD GSES
Iowa, interior waters, sec. 2. 108)¢ 26-2 LO) | Eeitae <i storetotte| rar totere 10 S| SOe saeke 1 Eee ee
Louisiana, ¢secs.37, 40, 60... Shlbseee 8 126 Peep eles see 12} ) 9. Sea] 363 Ses eeL | See el eee
Minnesota /....-...--..---- Oa) eee celle eae seb aeaail seca |e istetess (Gel ES ee ee ee Ay WEGAy Bess 5
Missouri, 9 sec. 6550 ....---- hi bs |e 3) rare swe | MO See S| HEmene 913 8 10s \eo shee 1 ee eee
Ohio, ” secs. 1428, 1442 .....- 10 5 | h10} 416 hg} hl4} h15 Bestel bees hg hg
Pennsylvania, ¢ sec. 25.....- 9 6 GSE </S2e ts | Pera steve | deerctes | Saas GF S222 24 12 6
Tennessee, sec. 50...------- 7 OP Recrnn tees cal b See coseeltsoace Bi |e saas dove |e ~Saed| Shees e
West Virginia, j sec. 42..... Ciel See eiel Beree| seaaa|seasar||Podocklebboss | |SSeses|bosase||S-4665 (leaker
Wisconsin, certain Great
Lakesiwaters; secs: 29)d3-.|t 22. 6b seeselsece les 2-o8 loos see 12 15" feed 2315. aber [See see 13 8
Wisconsin, State generally ,*
SOCSHIOS 20509 eesccecer 10 6 Ta) Sears are] serciome | Soleeee 151} Se comes 24 13slececce
a Measurements to be from end of nose to fork of tail. Limits on sale only, and do not apply to minnows
used for bait. Limits given by weight are as follows: Blue or channel catfish and drum, 2 pounds; carp
and buffalofish, 3 pounds.
b Fish measurements are taken for “‘the length of the entire fish from the extreme tip of the snout to the
extreme end of the tail fin,’ and turtle and terrapin for the extreme ends of the upper shell. Restrictions
do not apply to pole and line fishing. The limit on lake trout and whitefish is 1; pounds, dressed. The
catfish restriction is confined to “blue and channel catfish.”
c Section 2542 and ch. 42 of 1917. The size limit on trout does not apply to boundary waters.
dA different size limit (in interstate waters) is set for the species of sturgeon, being 1 pound for the sand
sturgeon, shovel-nose sturgeon, or hackleback Se an ela platorhynchus (Rafinesque), and 3 pounds
for the rock sturgeon or lake sturgeon Acipenser rubicundus Le Sueur; the former would perhaps include
the white sturgeon Horbaceplisig acts albus Forbes and Richardson. The restrictions as to interstate
waters do not apply to hook and line or spear fishing.
ane bereapia restriction is only on the diamond-back. Size limits for salt-water species are fixed by
other acts.
f Sections 4827 and 4873 and ch. 471 of 1917. Measurements are taken from tip of snout to fork of tail; a
different size limit is set for the two species of pike perch, being 14 inches, or 1 pound dressed, for the wall-
eye, and 10 inches for the sauger. The limit on lake trout and salmon from inland waters is 16 inches.
Catfish under 15 inches tip to tip rough, or 12 inches dressed, shall not be taken in nets in interstate waters.
The limits for international waters are: Sturgeon, 15 pounds dressed; lake trout, 2 pounds round, or un-
dressed, and 1} pounds dressed; whitefish, 16 inches; wall-eye, 14 inches, or 1 pound round; muskellunge,
30 inches; sauger, 10 inches. The language of the statute is not perfectly clear, but these restrictions seem
to be limited to international waters. Mussels, except “pigtoes,’’ shall not be taken smaller than 1} inches.
9 Measurements are taken from end of nose to fork of tail. The restrictions are applicable only to fish
sold. The catfish restriction is limited to ‘blue and channel catfish.”
h Measurements are made from end of nose to longest tip of tail (1449). Restrictions on striped bass,
buffalofish, bullhead, carp, catfish, “‘pike,”’ yellow perch, sturgeon, and whitefish apply only to com-
mercial fishing in the Lake Erie dis rict, and even here it is jawiul to retain 3 per cent, by weight, of under-
sized fish, or 10 per cent of ‘‘pike’’; the whitefish limit is 1? pounds. Catfish and sturgeon shall not be
brought ashore in such condition that the length can not be measured.
iThe limit on sturgeon applies only to boundary lakes (1913, act 71, sec. 10).
j Measurements are taken from end of snout to center of fork of tail.
k Measurements are taken from tip of snout to tip of tail. The restrictions as to Great Lakes fish limit
only licensees in those waters; any such licensee taking undersized fish shall bring them ashore and notily
the conservation commission or its deputy and the latter shall dispose of them.
FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES. 17
Minimum S1zEs or FIsHES AND OTHER AQuaTic ANIMALS, WITH REFERENCES TO THE
Laws IN Eacu State—Continued.
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q o a DROS
go [realing 4/4]. |sq Begs
Stateandcitation ofstatute| © | dZ}| os |u| 4 al alote? [ee [heel gees
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Cnn See Seeea| seat | S| el beg ee
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In In In In In In. | In In In In In In
Arkansas, ¢ sec. 21 .....-..- See aoe eee | sera oe 6 Sil ooed) geese boacdd] BoChaH rs4-saG| He 40--
Illinois,» secs. 41, 42,42A,56.| 18 |......|....-.|-....- 7 eae a (b) | (0) 7 i (pea Neen [ie 2
Indianges:s:425 22.0 === 14 eS psa as ere Kee Gi) |bensce| penal See = | See sine |e come | eet
Iowa, interstate waters,
(ROR RRS acca ec ne dee LUSH esse et (eT SS Sal binges | sence [390 S515] Sacco Bonoeel Meemeel Serisaicl >- sec
Towa, interior waters,sec.2.| 12 |......]..-.-.|.....-|--...- 0 Re Seal |E ASS) BS see] BRE Se ORES |= 5
Woininnasesecsaay. 40) O02 |sceare aoe cael acess (Sacew ase seitalewpcee (Ges ccis|es cee] cce cs ebh. |S s2- ele nce
MimmmesOlaycceaasseomse ens ait ee sc (/) CEA REEL ARS ae ae (f) (f) Giyngeess ss 6 2oee
Missouri, 9 sec. 6550 .......- 10 bP eeerse) eee [ae 6 a] eas | SOAR eats Eee erie (a e=
Ohio, ? secs. 1428, 1442 ......|......(0..2.. Tid Sia epee pe el eter Bh Sh (GipalSnoee|/sasone leecec eeeee
Pennsylvania, #sec.25......| 12 |...... 1 bese i oe Orlow aee| tase ate lonsesnil sistee'ele |creceprecs | memes
Tennessee, sec. 50....------|------ unsere esd Soa |2 8 TERRE RO, SAC See his SRO ae
West Virginia, /sec.42...... 10) 7) See ot tel ee Set ar se 6 lse5 lessee |. castedlas cece ewe ee See
Wisconsin, certain Great
Lakes waters, secs.29,33..| 16 |......|.....- LO \loesses sacee. 12 13) Reese [coeee see oae if
Wisconsin, State generally ,*
SOCS 310) 202 oece- mame ni ey] Pe red ey ele A ee TW) easel ecm sclsanpoa|looacse|sos Sod|sosacc
For footnotes see page 16.
V. LICENSES REQUIRED AND FEES THEREFOR.
Arkansas.—Licenses are issued by the game and fish commission and by the
circuit clerk of the State (10, 11); fees are payable to the State treasurer or circuit clerk
of the county (23). The fee for a resident for fishing with artificial bait is $1.10; for
a nonresident for fishing, $5, or for a single 15-day trip in the year (not including the
right to take fish out of the State), $1.25 (17). Fishermen catching fish to sell must
pay $25 if using hoop nets, $10 if using lines or set lines, and for each helper, $5 (19).
ealers must pay to the State treasurer one-sixteenth of a cent for each pound of fish
urchased in the State, this amount to be collected but one time, and from the first
ealer purchasing (20).
inois.—Licenses are issued by city, village, and county clerks (23). Fees for
net fishing are as follows, the amounts in parentheses being for nonresidents: Each
100 vards of seine, $5 ($10); dip or fyke net, $1 ($2); hoop net, 50 cents ($2); basket or
trap net, 50 cents (?); in operation of gill or pound nets, steam tug, $25 ($200), gasoline
launch, $15 ($50), sail or row boat, $10 ($30) (22). Clerk’s fee is 25 cents extra (23).
Owners of property, their children and tenants, may do net fishing, without license,
from waters wholly within their property and not connected with any open stream
ot Gill and pound nets shall be operated from only a boat, as listed hereinbefore
39). The fee for conducting a wholesale-fish business is $10.50 (24). The com-
mercial mussel fishing fee is $1.25 for residents and $25.50 for nonresidents, plus in
either case $25 if a dredge is used (55).
Indiana.—Resident licenses to fish (and hunt) are issued by the commissioner of
fisheries, or his agents, in Marion County, and elsewhere by clerks of the circuit
courts; the fee is $1; owners of farm lands, their children living with them, and tenants
may fish upon their lands without license; any person may fish in the county in which
he resides and adjacent counties without license; children under 18 and wives of
licensees may fish without license (2529). Nonresident licenses to fish are issued by
clerks of the circuit court of the counties, and the commissioner, and persons appointed
by him for that purpose; the fee is $1; children under 18, wives of licensees, and per-
sons having hunting licenses are not required to have licenses (9366a).
Licenses for netting in Lake Michigan are issued by the commissioner; the amounts
range from $1 to $300, depending upon the kind of boat used, if any, and upon whether
the fisherman is resident or nonresident. (1917, ch. aie
Iowa.—Nonresident licenses for males over 16 years old to fish are issued by county
auditors; thefeeis$2. (1917, ch. 168.)
Licenses for net fishing in the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers are issued by the
State fish and game warden. The fees are as follows: Each 500 feet of seine, $10;
und net having more than 100 feet of lead on each side, $4; pound net with less lead,
1; each bait, dip, hoop, and fyke net, 50 cents; each 300 feet of trammel net used
18 FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES.
for floating fishing, $5. Metal tags at 10 cents each are required to be used and non-
residents must give bond (11).
Kentucky.—Netting licenses are issued by the county clerks. The fees for resi-
dents are $1.25 for one net, and $1 for each additional net; for nonresidents the fees
are doubled. (1918, house bill, 181.)
Louisiana.—Licenses are issued by the department of conservation. Fees for
seines are as follows: Less than 300 feet, $25; 300 to 600 feet, $50; 600 to 900 feet, $100
(33). Fees for wholesale dealing in fresh-water fish are $5 to $150, depending on the
amount of business and whether the dealer is a resident or nonresident (34, 35). Fees
for vessels purchasing fresh-water fish to make a cargo are $5 to $40, depending on
tonnage of boat (36). The resident fee for buying and selling diamond-back terrapin
is $25, and for buying, selling, and shipping, $100; the fee for nonresident or un-
naturalized foreign-born resident for buying, selling, or shipping is $200 (63).
The fees for salt-water operations are fixed by several acts.
Minnesota.—Nonresident pole and line licenses are issued by the county auditor
(4880) and other licenses by the State game and fish commissioner and deputies (4881).
Licenses of Wisconsin are accepted if it reciprocates. (4845 and ch. 471 of 1917.)
Fees for fish house (4866), tip-up license (4868), nonresident pole and line license
if fisherman is over 21 years old (4879), and for netting in inland lakes for whitefish
and tullibee (4808), or for herring (1917, ch. 176) are $1.
The fee for seine, pound, or dip nets in the Mississippi River within the State is
$5 for each net (4819). In international waters the fees are based upon the vessel
used in Lake Superior, and upon the tackle used in other lakes. (1917, chs. 96 and
333.) In interstate waters the fees are: For seine, $1 a hundred feet up to 500 feet,
then $2 a hundred to 1,000 feet, then $3 a hundred to 1,500 feet, then $4 a hundred
to 2,000 feet, then $5 a hundred to 2,500 feet, then $6 a hundred to 4,000 feet; for gill nets,
$5 for 2,000 feet, and $5 for each additional thousand; for pound net with leader
not exceeding 700 feet, $5, and for each pound net in excess of one used with one
leader, $5; each fyke or hoop net, $5; each bait or turtle net or set line, $1; metal tags
are 25 cents each (4836). Fee for inland commercial fishing is 10 per cent or more of
gross receipts plus expenses and compensation of warden. (1917, ch. 386.)
The commercial mussel-fishing fee is $5 for residents and $50 for nonresidents, plus
in either case $25 if a dredge is used. (1917, ch. 471.)
Ohio.—Licenses are required for fishing with devices other than hook and line in
the Lake Erie district, and are issued by the secretary of agriculture (1435). The
fees for fishing with gill nets are as follows: Rowboat, $4; sailboat, $6; gasoline boat,
$12.50; and steamboat, $20. The fee for fishing trot lines is $1.50 for each rowboat;
for each seine, $4; for each pound net, $3; and for each device of any other kind,
$1.50 (1436). Metal tags must be used on devices other than gill net and hook and
line, but are issued without charge (1438).
Pennsylvania.—Licenses are issued by the department of fisheries. The fee for
using a net in the lower Susquehanna or in tide waters is $2 (55). The fee for arti-
ficial propagation is $10 (70). ees for fishing in boundary lakes are as follows: For
row or sail boat used in fishing with gill net, $5; other boat under 10 tons gross burden
so used, $10, of 10 to 20 tons $15, of over 20 tons $20; for each pound net, $10; for other
net or device (except lines having not more than 3 hooks, a spear for taking carp and
suckers and trolling spoons) 50 cents to $5 as determined by the department. Hols,
act 226.) Licenses for boundary waters shall not be issued to residents of a State or
county (country?) whose laws prohibit the issuance of a license to residents of Penn-
sylvania. (1913, act 71, sec. 14.)
Tennessee.—Licenses are issued by clerks of the county courts; the fee is $2 for
each net or basket (49).
West Virginia.—Licenses for foreigners and nonresidents (angling and trot lining)
are issued by county clerks; the fee is $5, but no license is required from nonresident
owners or their children for fishing on their own land (42).
Wisconsin.—Licenses are issued by the State conservation commission, through
agents in the case of hook and line licenses and through the county clerks in other
cases (29.09, 29.15). Fishing licenses of Minnesota and lowa are accepted if those
States reciprocate (29.16). Licenses are issued only to persons (29.09).
Fees for nonresidents are as follows: Mussel fishing, $50 (29.38); hook and line
fishing in inland waters for male fisherman over 16 years old, $1 (29.14); operating
gill net in Great Lakes waters with steam vessel having steam lifter, $200, or, without
steam lifter, $100, or with any other vessel not propelled by oars, paddle, or pole, $90,
or a boat so propelled, $2 (29.33).
Fees for residents or nonresidents in Great Lakes waters are as follows: Gill net or
nets, or each pound net and leader (except as noted for nonresidents), $2; trap, fyke,
Coa” or nets with leaders, or each seine, $5; each trammel net or set hooks, $1
29.33).
FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES. 19
Fees for fishing in the Mississippi River and Lakes Pepin and St. Croix are as fol-
lows: Seines for first 500 feet, $1 a hundred, second 500 feet, $2 a hundred, third at
€3, fourth at $4, fifth at $5, and 2,500 to 4,000 feet at $6 a hundred; gill nets for first
2.000 feet, $5, and for each additional thousand feet $5; pound or hoop nets with
700-foot leader and one pound, $5, and for each additional pound $5; bait nets, $1
each. For these waters fishermen must give bonds (29.54).
Fees for netting whitefish and cisco in inland waters is 50 cents (29.35); for taking
rough fish in Winnebago waters, $5 to $50 (29.36); for using set lines, $1 (29.37).
Metal tags are required for nets and set lines, a fee of 25 or 50 cents each being
charged for most kinds of nets (29.33-29.37).
VI. SHIPPING AND SELLING FISHERY PRODUCTS.
Arkansas.—The transportation of game fish beyond the State is limited to one
day’s catch, and requires the filing of an affidavit with a notary, justice, or other
authorized officer (58, 59). The game and fish commission may permit fish to be
shipped from the State for propagation purposes (7), and may permit fish to be sold
and exported if privately propagated (8).
Illinois.—Black bass shall not be sold nor, if taken within the State, pickerel or
pike perch (41). These fish shall not be shipped, except not over 25 fish in one lot
as baggage (43). Fish, except whitefish, lake trout, cisco, and yellow perch, shall
not be shipped from April 20 to July 1, inclusive, nor frogs over a quarter of a pound
from April 15 to July 1, inclusive (44). Shipments of fish must be marked to show
contents and other facts (48, 45). Carriers are forbidden to receive from unlicensed
dealers fish caught in the State (24).
Indiana.—The transportation beyond the State, or the sale of pickerel, pike perch,
yellow perch, sunfish, black bass, rock bass, or other species of bass, is forbidden,
unless taken from private ponds, and except that a person may carry beyond the
State 24 fish caught by himself (2533c, 2535).
Iowa.—Game fish shall not be shipped from inland waters for the purpose of sale
and any person shipping game fish must deliver to the carrier a sworn statement (2).
Louisiana.—Black bass, striped bass, crappie, and sunfish shall not be sold (88).
All shipments of fish and shipments without the State of diamond-back terrapin
must be marked to show contents and other facts (41, 62). Diamond-back terrapin
artificially propagated may be sold, but not for food, during the closed season (61).
Fish packed in the State must not be labeled as produced outside the State. (1906,
acti.)
Minnesota.—The sale or shipment of pike perch from stocked waters (4871), or of
trout or salmon from inland waters, or of black bass (4870), or of fish caught in lakes
in Hennepin, Ramsey, or St. Louis Counties (4876), is prohibited. The commission
may prohibit the sale of crappie, yellow perch, or sunfish caught in stocked lakes
(4877). Fish shall not be shipped beyond the State except specified rough fish and
except not over 50 pounds taken by a nonresident for personal use; packages shall
be marked to show contents and other facts. (4875, 1917, ch. 333.)
Mississippi.—Boards of supervisors have authority to regulate by whom and in
what quantities and to what extent fish may be marketed (4701).
Ohio.—Black bass shall not be shipped out of the State or sold; rock bass, crappie,
and sunfish shall not be sold (1429, 1430). Fish caught through ice shall not be sold
(1427). ‘White bait” may be shipped out of the State only if alive; minnows may
be sold only for bait (1433). Shipments of fish must be labeled (1444).
Pennsylvania.—The sale of trout or black bass, whether caught in the State or
elsewhere, is forbidden (110).
West Virginia.—The sale or serving at licensed eating places of trout, salmon,
pickerel, bass, and “‘silver perch” is prohibited, also the shipment out of the State of
these species, or the commercial shipment within the State (20, 45).
Wisconsin.—Shipments of wild animals, including fish, must be marked to show
the contents and other facts, and the consignor must be the owner and must deliver
to the carrier a statement that he is (29.34, 29.36, 29.43). The shipment of living
young carp or bowfin is forbidden, and complicated regulations are made for the ship-
ment of game fish (29.47). Transportation of fish into this State is forbidden if made
from another State in violation of its laws (29.44).
The sale of black bass, muskellunge, or trout is forbidden, also the sale of any other
game fish taken from public inland waters during the period extending from the Ist
day of January to the next succeeding 29th day of May (29.48). Game fish taken from
public inland waters from January 1 to May 29 and trout shall not be served at eating
places, nor frog during the closed season (29.49).
20 FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES.
VII. DEFINITIONS AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
Arkansas.—The term ‘‘ waters’’ is defined to include those wholly or partly within
the State (56). Milldam owners must provide a fish chute, and owners of other obstruc-
tions must make an opening to allow the passage of fish from March 1 toJunel. (1899,
act 188.)
Dealers must keep records of their transactions (20); they have five days after the
end of the open season in which to dispose of fish (48). The game and fish commission
may regulate private propagation (8).
Tings.“ Objectionable” fish is defined to mean gar and gizzard shad (51).
Dam owners shall erect and maintain fishways (49). Licensees to take mussels must
report annually (58).
Indiana.—Private pond is defined to include any body of water not greater than
20 acres in area lying wholly within the land of the owner (2533c). Except dams,
obstructions to fish movements shall not be placed across streams (2544, 2545). Owners
of dams 4 feet or more high must construct and maintain fishways as directed by the
commissioner of fisheries (7442-7449).
Iowa.—‘‘Game” fish is defined by the department of fish and game to include any
food fish that takes a live bait. Cities and towns may prevent the escape of fish from
boundary lakes (17). Dams or obstructions shall not be erected or maintained without
a fishway constructed according to plans furnished by the State warden; nor shall
pumping stations, other than sand pumps or dredging machines, be operated without
guard screens constructed according to plans so furnished (16).
Kentucky.—Dam owners must maintain fish ladders during April, May and June,
except where the ‘‘annual tides” are sufficiently high to admit the passage of fish
over the dams (1392a).
Louisiana.—Intake pipes for irrigation must be screened to prevent the entrance
of fish, except on the Mississippi River (56). No person shall obstruct by means of
rack, screen, or other device the passage of fish protected by law (53).
Fish may be had in possession five days after the end of the open season (39). Dealers
must report to the department (35, 36). The department may adopt regulations
for the comprehensive control of fish, and shall assist in protecting private ponds
(1912, act 127, sec. 2); it may prescribe regulations for stocked streams (51) and may
regulate seines, hoop nets, and set lines (42). No spawn, fish, reptile, or amphibian
except turtles from without the State shall be liberated without permission from the
department. (50; 1918, house bill 120.)
’ Game and fish pre are established. (1910, act 273, and 1912, act 172.)
Minnesota.—Persons owning or controlling dams or other obstructions must con-
struct and maintain fishways (4772). Counties may screen navigable lakes that have
been stocked by the United States. (1913, ch. 87.) For the purpose of commercial
trout culture the game and fish commission may authorize the maintenance of fish
screens (4861).
It is unlawful to have fish in possession if unlawfully taken without the State (4785).
Fish taken in international waters may be retained one week after the end of the fish-
ing season. (1917, chs. 96 and 333.)
Reports must be made to the commission by fishermen netting in international
Bee (1917, ch.96), clammers (1917, ch.471), and seinersin certain waters (1915, ch.
261).
Obstructing seiners is prohibited. (1917, ch. 452.)
Chapter 505 of 1917 provides for warden supervision of net fishing in interstate
waters, but does not go into effect until a similar act is passed by Wisconsin.
Missouri.—Fish may be had in possession five days after the end of the open season
(6522). Persons owning or using dams shall construct fish ladders as prescribed by
the game and fish commissioner, and shall keep them open March, April, May, and
June if there is waste water available (6552).
Ohio.—Lake Erie and inland fishing districts are respectively defined (1425).
On petition of 500 or more freeholders the county commissioners shall erect or main-
tain fishways over dams; on State dams this shall be done by the board of public
works. (1910, Gen. Code, sec. 2496.) Except in Lake Erie, wardens may remove
obstructions other than milldams (1448).
Private ponds are excepted from the restrictions on the manner of capture (1456).
Fishermen must allow State spawn takers on board and permit the taking of spawn
(1455). Licensees must make annual reports (1437-1).
Except shad, mackerel, and herring, all fish sold in barrels or casks must be inspected
and branded; regulations are made as to size of barrel and other matters (5987, 6010-
6019). Possibly these regulations relate to preserved fish only.
FISH LAWS OF MISSISSIPPI AND OHIO RIVER STATES. 21
Pennsylvania.—‘‘Game” fish, “bait” fish and ‘“‘food” fish are defined. (4-6;
1913, act 71, sec. 1.) Trout and black bass may be retained in possession six days
after the end of the open season (17). When required by the board of fishery commis-
sioners dam owners shall erect and maintain fishways (85-90). Dam owners must not
strand fish Cok When required by the commissioners proprietors must install a
bar rack to exclude fish from water wheels, pumps or canals (93-94). No person shall
place obstructions to the passage of fish (95).
Artificial propagation is regulated (19, 28, 38, 48, 62, 70-81, 114). Dealers may be
required by the commissioner to make reports (112). Representatives of the State
must be permitted to accompany licensees on boundary lakes for the purpose of taking
spawn. (1915, act 226.) Fish from boundary lakes shall not be used for fertilizer
without the consent of the department of fisheries. (1913, act 71, sec. 8.)
Tennessee.—Obstructions shall not be placed in streams for the purpose of captur-
ing fish (48). Certain counties are excepted from the operation of the general law, and
special provisions of various sorts are made for more than half the counties of the State,
as well as for Reelfoot Lake and the Appalachian Game Preserve. County courts may
provide for fish traps. (Thompson’s Shannon’s Code, 1918, sec. 1721.)
West Virginia.—Owners of dams and other obstructions must build and maintain
fishways in a manner satisfactory to the State warden (43). Fish may be had in posses-
sion 20 days after the end of the open season (20).
Wisconsin.—Great Lakes waters are defined as ‘‘outlying” and all other waters as
“Gnland’’ (29.01). Until the conservation commission otherwise determines, rough
fish are: Minnows, suckers, carp, redhorse, drum, burbot, bowfin, gar, buffalofish, and,
in certain waters, pickerel; game fish are all other kinds (29.01).
Screens set in public waters to prevent the free passage of fish, or set in streams
stocked by the State, are declared to be nuisances (29.03). Old and abandoned dams
may be removed, and dams on State land may be repaired by the commission (29.04).
Licensees for the Mississippi River and Winnebago waters are permitted to retain
fish in temporary ponds (29.34, 29.36). Reports are required from licensees for the
Great Lakes and the Mississippi River (29.33, 29.34).
a }
om
ry
“
HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE IN INLAND
LAKES OF WISCONSIN
By A. S. PEARSE
University of Wisconsin
Appendix III to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
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CONTENTS.
Pago.
Delo rOCUCtLO Ms = a eee eo ne come ROPE oT a ee 5
Vid fey SOaY0 6 Ue se TT ea? ao NS a a ieee Re 6
Quantitative and qualitative determinations_________________ 6
List of constituents of the food of 276 crappies of all sizes_____ t
WADLIAHLONG Le f OCG) se were ae tee ee eS OR ee a 9
RTC DLO GUC tO Tiere ee oe Bo ek tat oe sear ie a eee 11
OVE eT a On See eee e eoe B Et Bal OR ee A A 13
Verlnemiestandsparasitess! jek i578 ec ag ie te Fs eee 14
Wil Generall: GISCUSSIO i: Ste aah Corl Te Te ea 14
AV TF me ss UTI aU Isy ta oe es CE Ra EL ied yee el a ee 15
WOVE EY Loy L831 09 ICG ay A 0) th eae a ae AN aa SI ga US a BN ye ne oan Bae 15
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5 Rae itm asses wns 30 Book tat t> edn? Libris Mee
aaicwtl s eae seaintainiet tie katie ds etekpo FOOL aL sotabey
in Mate ji eestda be c ae - eee 7 an Ore a ed ie At :
ne Saale. Dealtien tel, eatin eo Cra, ~ oy, oem ‘ Ai igrnn we tee irbamery te
ee ee eee ne TED NS x
Pete eet ewer: im kien oe ese tyn arerlan —9E eee wt dy tbe th ne ee ee
HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE* IN INLAND LAKES
OF WISCONSIN.
By A. S. PEARSE,
University of Wisconsin.
I. INTRODUCTION.
The black crappie, Pomowis sparoides (Lacépéde), is particularly
common in the Great Lakes region and the upper Mississippi Valley,
and ranges from the Lake of the Woods and Ottawa south to Texas
and east to New Jersey. It was selected for careful investigation on
account of its ability to thrive in shallow, dirty water, which is sub-
ject to wide variations in temperature. Such qualities make the
Fic, 1.—The black crappie, Pomovis sparoides.
crappie particularly desirable for propagation in ponds. It was
hoped that a careful study of its habits in certain Wisconsin lakes
might furnish material for a comparison with the perch, which had
been previously studied in the same localities (Pearse and Achten-
berg, forthcoming report), and which is at its best in deep lakes.
Stated in general terms, the object of this paper is to describe the
habits of a fish which flourishes in shallow, muddy lakes, so as to
furnish a basis for comparison with those of the fishes characteristic
of deep, clear lakes.
«This fish is also known as the silver bass, strawberry bass, grass bass, barfish, and
calico bass.
5
6 HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE,
Judged by its structure, the crappie is rather specialized. The
body is strongly compressed, indicating adaptation to movement
through the narrow spaces between aquatic plants; the large, strongly
upturned mouth suggests habits of feeding toward the surface rather
than toward the bottom; the gill rakers are remarkable among those
of sunfishes for their length and fineness, hinting at proficiency in
straining plankton from the water; the unusually large median fins
are well adopted for sudden rushes or for sustained swimming. The
beautifully mottled colors suggest a habitat in the changing shadows
among water plants.
Little has been published concerning the general habits of the
black crappie. Forbes and Richardson (1908) believe that it shows
a slight preference for hard bottoms when compared with its close
relative, the white crappie, Pomoxis annularis. They state that
“its hardy endurance of both heat and cold, and also of foul water,
is especially favorable to its transportation and acclimatization.” It
is said by various writers to be carnivorous, subsisting largely on in-
sects, crustaceans, and fish. Richardson (1913) has published some
notes on its breeding habits.
The studies described in this paper deal mostly with crappies in
Lake Wingra, but at intervals those from neighboring lakes were in-
vestigated. As far as possible, observations were made each week
from February, 1916, to January, 1917. Lake Wingra is an admi-
rable habitat for crappies, and they are among its dominant species.
The lake’s characteristics are as follows: Length, 1.6 miles; breadth,
0.8 mile; shore line, 4.5 miles; area, 0.79 square mile; maximum depth,
14 feet; mean depth, 5.5 feet.
In the preparation of this paper Miss Henrietta Achtenberg has
helped materially by computing all the averages. Thanks are also
due to Chancey Juday, who read the manuscript.
II. FOOD.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DETERMINATIONS.
Forbes and Richardson (1908) state that the crappies are strictly
carnivorous and that the dietaries of the two species in the United
States are much alike. They believe, however, that Pomowxis spa-
roides depends more upon plankton than P. annularis. The observa-
tions made during the present investigations agree with their state-
ments concerning the former. The food of the 140 black crappies
from Lake Wingra (Table 1), during the nine months when ob-
servations were made, consisted of:
Per cent. Per cent.
Cladocerans + 2-222 kel ae bee 33. 0) |\;Adulti Hemiptera: ..-22 === 0.5
Chinonomidylaryie =) 22 14. 5? Pleats oe a ee ee .4
ADH POONS fa ee eee 1059), Gaddis-ty Tanya 22 == es .4
Chironomid pupe 222 2 9107 |*Grasshoppers=22< == 22 Se eS <2
ISH? 99 _. os se eee eri eee 8:83) Beetles Hess ete a Se i2
Ephemerid nymphs-__----------_- 6 | Calecium-carbonate crystals____-_~ wt
(WOPepOG Seen. Ss ee as eee Hy QuisOsttacous==28—— ss oe. eee wil.
Adult chironomids2—— 22> 2 3.9::| Alesana a er Ba
@Odonatesnympns: == — os eee 2 oe) WMIOeMnIneG, AnmSCCLS —= === ae an
Corethvametvwe. ee ae 2.1 | Traces of moths, mites, snails, and
Hemipteraynymphs=2=2—=—-= === 6 leeches.
Siltsandsdeprisee==-— 2 6
HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE.
TABLE 1.—Foop or ApULT CRAPPIES IN LAKE WINGRA, BY MONTHS, FROM
FEBRUARY TO OCTOBER, 1916.
[No adults were examined from November to January, because none were caught. All figures referring to
food indicate percentage by volume; -++ means a trace. Boldface type shows maximum for each month.]
- # Boar) S| ge ogee
Bs) [YB Paiaeetieer imate hog. | Ge.) Boo) Shae iia
e| € Eiger Pe ya |e |B | ee baig
z A is) 5 Sa PRS EB es dh Poe Dn eat! by 3
Month. © 2 =| = = b A s s z A 2 3
5 2 cS) Fe = a fe 2 = iS) iS) 3 oe
2 y A Fe! q 2 3 a | & g | a ry
Sree en ean a berireaiadd | 5) 1B abn Bs Pee
ea Mie Ape eee de Se lee ee lA a | Al ae
a < & (3) iS) a iS) o) 3) ea] 5) S) o é)
Um. | P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct
February. . TE Ve 74d (ee CONG) ACO a Ll (ts (0) Ps | eet > 2 A De Se ee de (meeps
March. ...-.. AW 20200: |. 2.2. OHO etree A OM eee etl meaner israeli atsin aia |'sie's 02,2 |(Catco.cie| acto eee ee eee
April a3 TWAT So TS eee yr? UA hee 20) Leeaace 15. 2 MSO ereisskis Table | ee 154
ES ee LON AT 225 ol 2iauleees c 6. Sy seses 1 Ete eee A Hil oe 345.5] 524 d.|e eee
JUNO SLs. sess 37 | 165.2] . .8 | 29.9 PSU BAB oese te Wee Wes yee oO SALT Olio onl oe ee
dtileee earns 35 | 166.0 | 18.8 | 22.6) 4.2 1 Se ae Bile areca ene a SB 24.) cee lc eee
August. 222 12 | 173.3 | 39.0] 6.2 Ge Ms eT WAG tas Bako te Gi | ae eee fear ae 23.9 4c ADS | eee
September. . - 8] 177.0) 5.0 oll jl OPA ene ois SRR Se BOY sails soeic| |e oma Pe) tere Be tae ie See
October....-.. AA Oa Sa a Ouebles: Pec e- al eo casa Rees eae eeieine calito 22] ha eee eee eae
Average.| 15.6 | 171.4] 8.8] 14.5] 2.1 5.6 4/ 2.3 spt One 8S Only “330! 2 /
=
g =
S = $ £
cs , Ar 2
3 ry 2 o . 5 8
Month. g a3 ripe at ag ee yy eel
= a = 3 z @ 2 4 F 3 Ss}
a ‘ Bea a ‘d Oo Sh S S a ; 2B q oo
g 3g KS] 6 a a 2 ; a=) 3 & I o
S o 14 =] Beil in S| s a ub SOON Seale aaa ce
ea] a |p = < o) 1) 6) o 4 < Ay a oO
P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.|'P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct
ebriiary=-= =| seo’ | see hee ee eee [3 eo 1 eee The PEL OT Seer lpdocoe Ll sera bern oe ees
Marchiits.-2 os. PAGs0 fal RE eee | i OPiS a ara 402.5 heccene TPE EEO oC tol (Seeeae Seeeee Cn BN I eee 2.2
Noe SS AR eae (EY (aber eae SIG Ol 4a LOSS ieeznONlee ee tesen 2 [cea TZ S085 al
MEY eas cet lente O52) fe esse ONT 985.04 sme... LD) SVS) EL ea e Lt | aeioetae a Le ee
{GTS ae peed Seo eee Olbilescaee Ai SG) 20) Paar os eee ea ess ates 1.6 eh Wl ae eee
Ari eee Se 7 (| Coane eae + .2 mL Sy | ORM Ee ieee ye eee eee
JNTIET RR ete eo (ae at eae + + Bod Ld hl a7 fl hoa he OL Aa Ant SONS. SS
fS{eye\itciral) ove) Darel ee ea ae ree ea 5 ol terrae PAMEOOPR EF Pi Ih eed ite a Sd |e Pe
OpiGnaneere es eee | ee eee (arte ae dlemeee esc oe BCT (eesti (ee We S| |b 2p | eee
Average..| .5| + -l}] + | 10.9 -1] 5.0] 33.0] + + oul 4 -6 -2
The following list gives in more detail the exact constituents of
the food of all the crappies examined from Lakes Wingra, Mendota,
and Monona, 1915-1917, with periods of seasonal occurrence and the
percentage which each item forms of the total food.*
«The methods used for making food examinations were the same as those previously
employed for the perch and have been described in a paper by Pearse and Achtenberg,
which is expected to be published shortly by this Bureau.
LIST OF CONSTITUENTS OF THE FOOD OF 276 CRAPPIES OF ALL SIZES.
The first figure indicates the number of crappies in which the food
was found; when the item formed 1 per cent or more of the volume
of the total food, this percentage is written in parentheses:
FisH, 39 (6.4), all year.
Fish eggs, 1, May.
INSECT LARVA2—Continued.
Diptera larve—Continued.
INSECT LARVA, 195 (24), all year.
Unidentified larve, 5, February—October.
Diptera larve, 170 (14.5), all year.
Unidentified chironomid, 77 (7.5), all
year.
160695°—20
14
Chironomus decorus, 12, April—August.
C. digitatus, 11, May—November.
C. fulviventris,
12
(1), April—Novem-
per,
C. lobiferus, 8, February—August.
8 HABITS OF THE
INSECT LARV®—Continued.
Diptera larye—Continued.
C. nigricans, 1, April.
C. tentans, 2, November, December.
C. viridis, 5, August.
Corethra punctipennis, 20, all year.
Cricotopus trifasciatus, 1, May.
Orthocladius, sp.?, 3, February.
Palpomyia longipennis, 6, June-August.
Probezzia glaber, 7, May.
P. pallida, 18, May—July.
Protenthes culiciformis, 1, May.
Tanypus, sp.?, 11, June, July.
T. carneus, 1, August.
Mit, decoloratus, 6, November, February.
T. monilis, 3, July, August.
Tanytarsus gregarius, 14 (1.1), October.
Coleoptera larve, 2, August.
Dytiscid larve, 2, August.
Hphemerig nymphs, 54 (3.8), April—Octo-
er
May-fly nymphs, unidentified, 9, April—
October.
Betis, sp.?, 1 A
Beotiscd, Sp. Ly 1b (2. 1), February—Octo-
Cenis diminuta, 16, May—August.
Callibeetis, sp. iB 10, April—August.
Ephemerella, sp.?, 8, April—July.
Ephemerid, sp.?, 1, May.
Heptagenia, sp.?, 1, July.
Siphlurus, sp.?, 1, April.
Hemiptera nymphs, 12, May—August.
Corixa nymphs, 10, May— August.
Notonecta nymphs, 2 a May.
Lepidoptera larve, 1, June.
enon ate nymphs, 28 (2), March—Novem-
er
Damsel-fly nymphs, 4, August—Novem-
ber.
Celethemis eponina, 1, April.
Enallagma, sp. ?, 2° July.
EK. antennatum, 2, June.
EK. Hageni, 10, April—August.
Ischneura verticalis, 8, March-Novem-
Detsheptern larve, 3, April, August.
Caddis fly, sp. cd at: August.
Hydrophilus, sp.?, 1, August.
Setodis grandis, 1, April.
INSECT PUPM, 126 (12.2), April—October.
Unidentified chironomid, 72 (9.5), April—
September.
Chironomus decorus, 11, May—August.
C. fulviventris, 3, May, June.
C. lobiferus, 3, August, October.
Leptocerus, sp.?, 1, June.
Palpomyia, sp.?, 1, June.
Tanypus, sp. ?, 9, May, June.
ADULT INSECTS, 21 (2.4), May-September.
Unidentified insects, 1, June.
Beetle, sp.?, 1, May.
BLACK CRAPPIE.
ADULT INSECTS—Continued.
Corixa, sp.?, 15, March—September.
Heptagenia, sp. V2 1, August.
Melanoplus bivittatus, 2, August.
M. femur aa 1, August.
Moth, sp.?, 1,
Probezzia pallida, 5, October.
Protenthes, sp.?, 1, ‘August.
Sminthurus, sp.?, 3, April, October.
Cordylura, Sp. re ‘October.
ARACHNIDA, 12, May—July.
Unidentified mites, 7, May, June.
Limnesia histrionica, 5, July.
AMPHIPoDA, 88 (7.4), ‘all eae
Dikerogammarus fasciatus, 8 (1.4), Feb-
ruary, June, August.
Gammarus limnzus, 6 (1.2), February,
March.
Hyalella, 54 (4. 8), all year.
ENTOMOSTRACA, 209 (43.7), all year.
Cladocera, 171 (21.2), April—November.
Bosmina longirostris cornuta, 3, April—
August.
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, 5, May, Au-
gust.
Chydorus sphericus, 28, August—De-
cember.
eg ee sp.?, 738 (10.1), April—-—Novem-
er.
D. hyalina, 19 (3.5), June—October.
D. pulex, 17 (2.4), June, July.
Eurycercus lamellatus, 29 (1.4), April—
November.
Leptodora hyalina, 30 (2.5), June—No-
vember.
Pleuroxus procurvatus, 3, July, October.
Simocephalus vetulus, 4, July, August,
December.
Copepoda, 119 (19.4), all year.
Canthocamptus, 19 (3.1), October.
Cyclops, sp.?, 48 (13.3), all year.
C. bieuspidatus, 54 (2. 3), all year.
C. fuseus, 2, February.
C. serrulatus, 5, February, March, April.
Diaptomus oregonensis, 1, October.
Ostracoda, 48 (3.1), all year.
Mouuusca, 1, March.
Planorbis, 1, March.
GorDIUS, 2, "August, September.
PLANTS, 31, February—October.
Unidentified remains, 7, April-September.
Alge, 21, February—October.
Filamentous alge, 17, February—Octo-
ber.
Nostoc?, 1, October.
Spirogyra, 1, April.
Volvox, 1, ane ae
Ceratophyllum, 1 , August.
Wolffia, 3, April, "August.
DgpRIS, 13, April—October.
CaCOz CRY STALS, 4, February, March.
The constituents of the food clearly indicate the food preferences
and feeding habits of the crappie.
appear to be justified :
The following generalizations
1. The most important foods are insects (38.6 per cent), particu-
larly immature stages; cladocerans (21.2 per cent) ; copepods (19.4
per cent) ; amphipods (7. 4 per cent) ; and fish (6.4 per cent).
2. Crappies do not feed much on the bottom. This is indicated
by the scarcity of such foods as bottom mud, ostracods, oligochetes,
and insect larve like Chironomus tentans, which typically live on or
near the bottom and are abundant in Lake Wingra. The crappie
differs from the perch in this respect (Pearse and Achtenberg,
forthcoming report).
3. Crappies feed among aquatic vegetation in the open water and
to some extent even at the surface. The chironomid larve occurring
HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE. 9
in the food are largely those which live in the vegetation along-
shore, and the same applies to a considerable degree to the clado-
cerans. The dragon-fly, may-fly, and damsel-fly nymphs eaten are
those which are found among aquatic plants. The occasional high
percentages of adult midges and midge pup, with the presence
of grasshoppers and moths, indicate that feeding often takes place
at the surface. .
VARIATION IN FOOD.
Seasonal variation in the food of the crappies in Lake Wingra is
shown in Table 1 and in figure 2. In the spring the food is made
JFMANMNSIASONDO JFMNANJSISIASONO JFMAMJJASOND
100 25 Se
90
a a 20
70 Amphipods Copepods Odonata
60 “s im} oygmphs
50
4o 10 40
Jo
20 $5 e 5
10
7) rs) s
JFMAMJSISIASONO JFMAMSIASOND JFMANSJSJASOND
25 50 50
y 77 ; 40 Chironomid
oe Ephemer:a Chironomid irono.
nymphs larvae A
1S ymp 30 Jo i pupae —
adults---
40 20 20
5 10 10
o oO Oo
JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMSJIASOND JEMAMJISJA SIND
Js
SO 100.
90
: 40 6a
Corethra Fish zo Cladocera
larvae 30 60
2 50
20 40
4 JO
40 20
10
‘ 0 0
Fig. 2.—Percentage by volume of nine of the chief constituents of crappie food, so
arranged as to show sequence throughout the year, from amphipods, with their
maximum in February, to cladocerans, which attain their maximum volume in
September.
up, for the most part, of amphipods, copepods, and cladocerans.
During the summer larve, pups, and adults of insects are eaten in
large quantities, but cladocerans continue to be utilized. In the
autumn, cladocerans, small fishes, and chironomid larve are the
chief foods. Adult crappies do not appear to feed in the winter.
Though fishing was carried on each week with gill nets, or with
hooks and lines, none was caught from October 14, 1916, until Febru-
ary 14, 1917 (Pearse and Achtenberg, forthcoming report).
10 HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE.
On November 27, 1915, 13 crappies were caught in a commercial
seine in Lake Monona. Six of these were empty and the other seven
had eaten: 54.7 per cent Daphnia, 27.3 per cent Leptodora, 8.5 per
cent Chironomus viridis larvee, 4.3 per cent C. tentans larve, 2.1 per
cent Betisca nymphs, 2.1 per cent /schnewra verticalis nymphs, 0.8
per cent unidentified insect larvee. These observations supplement
those in Lake Wingra and indicate that the autumn food consists
mostly of Cladocera and that little or no food is taken in winter.
In Lake Wingra the best catches are made in the spring after a
day or two of warm weather, Apparently the crappies do not feed
during cold weather, but begin in the spring with the first rise in
temperature. Kmnauthe (1907) has noted that carp usually do not
begin feeding in spring until the temperature has reached 6 to 8°
C., but after a hard winter will begin at 3 to 4° C. During the pres-
ent investigations no crappies were caught in Lake Wingra in the
autumn after the temperature of the water reached about 10° C.
Though the variety in the food is rather limited, the crappie gen-
erally feeds at various seasons on the most abundant foods. Indi-
viduals caught at the same time and place had, as a rule, fed largely
on the same items, and these were usually those most readily ob-
tainable.
A number of observations indicate that crappies feed mostly at
night or during the early morning and evening hours. For example,
on July 15, 1916, 10 individuals were caught in Lake Wingra be-
tween 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. In 8 of these the stomachs were empty,
and the other 2 contained small amounts of Leptodora. The intes-
tines of all contained Leptodora in the anterior portion and chirono-
mid larve, many chironomid pupe, and Corixa in the posterior part.
The inference in this case would be that as the midge pupe migrated
toward the surface during the early part of the night they were
captured by the crappies; later the Leptodoras rose and were eaten.
TABLE 2.—Foop AND GROWTH OF SMALL CRAPPIES IN LAKE WINGRA, 1916-17.
Num- . = :
ber | Aver- | Chiro- | wray-y | Pytis: | Dam- Am- | Cope- |Clado- | Oligo- CaCOs
Date. exam- |, _28@ | nomid hs.| , cid sel-fly | phi- oda,-|" cara: |cheetesdereoe
taaa length. | larve. ymp4S-) Jarvee. |nymphs.| poda. ese R "| tals.
Mm. | Perct.| Perct. | Perct.| Perct. | Per ct. |Perct.|Perct.| Per ct.| Perct.
July Bice: 23 6 30. 8 11.2 26 26'| aoate- A\RS <2 Seas ee 40.4] 20.8 1237). eee
Aug. 29. 10 37.8 2.6 4.8 15 11.4 2:5]; sSBSL | 7 23 7b soos eens
Nov. 18. 10 47.1 BoBul ocd. ce eee eee s ose tee 1550) 4356)| soba = Soe so Seon ree
Nov. 25. 10 47,2 (Satay (pempenene eee (eet Seah,” 1.5 11.5), 56:53] 20 iON So ace, ac | eae
Dees2e. 2 10 47.2 TB i\ ss cenaeeallenscoeeleneeeeee 18.5 3.3.) OSS en acl eects
Janalosas = 3 5 48.1 To Ollila. Seheee | ee Se Se Lee Be eke eee: 92.0 AE Oni cis RS <1 on eres
Jan 27 - sss 3 40-43) | sugees. 5 law Seb ee abet gs > eee 93.3 6, Gils. d2c0| seme ae
Heb. diZestsc 7 44.5 29 deta fe S66 eed. mal eee A aces 5 ie Pees eee oe e 5.0
Average .| 8 43.7 | 8.2 4.0 2 1.6 6.0] 56.9} 22.2 2 .6
During the latter part of the year 1916 and in the beginning of
1917, there was an opportunity to study the food and growth of
young crappies which were captured in a small stream on the north
side of Lake Wingra, near the west end. The results of these obser-
vations are shown in Table 2. There was rapid growth until the
middle of November, but no appreciable increase after that time.
On one very cold day in the winter, January 27, 1917, 8 of the 11
HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE. vlak
small crappies captured were empty, which indicates that the young,
as well as adults, may cease to eat at times during the winter. The
most important foods for the young crappies were Cyclops, clado-
cerans, and small insect larve. ‘The young fishes eat the same gen-
eral classes of foods as the adults, but depend more upon Cyclops and
cladocerans than upon insect larve.
During the winter of 1917 two young crappies were kept in the
laboratory in ‘order to make observations on feeding, amount of
food consumed, and rate of digestion, for comparison with young
perch kept under the same conditions and simultaneously fed the
same foods. The crappies each measured 58.5 millimeters in length
(without tail) and had a volume of 4 cubic centimeters. The length
of each of the perch was 62 millimeters and the volume 3 cubic centi-
meters. At the temperatures indicated the rate of digestion in the
erappies, as judged by the first appearance of the foods in the feces,
was as follows: Chironomid larvee, 15.2° C., 24 hours; Corethra lar-
vee, 18° C., 24 hours; earthworms, 16.5° C., 21.3 hours. Amphipods,
minnows, and snails were not eaten. Under the same conditions the
record of the perch was: Chironomid larvee, 18° C., 22 hours; Co-
rethra larvee, 18° C., 23 hours; earthworms, 17.5° C., 18.3 hours; min-
nows, 16.8° C., 18.7 hours. In proportion to their own volume the
crappies ate as follows: Chironomid larve, 12 per cent in 6 hours;
earthworms, 5 per cent in 1 hour. The perch ate chironomid larvee
amounting to 23 per cent of their own volume in 6 hours, and 20
per cent minnows in 24 hours. From these observations it is con-
cluded that the rate of digestion is about the same in the two species,
or perhaps slightly more rapid in the perch. The crappies were less
ageressive in their feeding reactions, and ate less at a time than the
perch. The two perch ate 31 chironomid larve in 6.3 hours; the
crappies ate 20 of the same size in 6.3 hours. A comparison of the
food of the adult perch and crappie is made in another paper (Pearse
and Achtenberg, forthcoming report). The crappie feeds more on
pelagic crustaceans and less on the small animals associated with the
bottom than the perch.
III. REPRODUCTION.
Richardson (1913) describes a nest of the black crappie, found May
2, 1911, in a pond near Havana, IIl., after the temperature of the
water had reached about 19° C., as follows:
It was hollowed out under the leaves of a water parsnip and surrounded
by smartweed and bog rush (Junctus). Some of the eggs were adhering
to fine roots in the bottom of the nest, but most of them were on the
leaves of the water parsnip at a level of 2 to 4 inches above the bottom of the
nest. The nest was guarded by a male 6 inches long, who was so gentle that
we could reach out a hand to within 3 feet of him before he moved away.
Eggs taken to the laboratory hatched May 3 and 4. Both eggs and newly
hatched fry are even smaller than those of the bluegill sunfish; and the great
transparency of the new fry, along with their small size, make it difficult to
see them in an aquarium.
In the spring of 1916 the ice left Lake Wingra March 26. On
April 25 the temperature of the lake was 10.6° C.; May 13, 16°;
May 27, 26°; June 11, 20.5°; July 20, 30°. On May 20 about a dozen
male crappies were observed in nests along the base of a clay bank
in one of the lagoons in Vilas Park, at the northeast corner of the
12 HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE.
lake. Although careful observation was made with a water glass, no
eggs could be seen. These nests were bare places on the bottom,
adjacent to aquatic vegetation (fig. 3), and about 65 centimeters
(2 feet) below the surface. Four of the males were caught on hooks
baited with minnows. None of them was shedding milt, though all
were nearly ripe. On the same day crappies were seen standing over
nests at three places along the shore of the lake.
Nine males, but no females, were caught on that date. All were
examined for food and were found to be well filled. The data for
the nine individuals were as follows: Length, maximum, 225 muilli-
meters; minimum, 158 millimeters; average, 193 millimeters. Food:
Unidentified chironomid larve, 21 per cent; Zanypus carneus larve,
1.6 per cent; Probezzia pallida larve, 0.9 per cent; ephemerid nymph,
0.9 per cent; L'phemerella nymph, 0.5 per cent; Canis diminuta
nymph, 1.7 per cent; Callibeetis nymph, 0.6 per cent; Coriza nymph,
0.2 per cent; Zany-
hue yl pus, sp. 4 pupe, 0.5
O23 i ee ee per cent; unidenti-
——— —— fied chironomid
BE th ie vi ep pes es oe
Sees — — cent; Chironomus
sie, SihE Pichom decorus pupe, Ha
oF rf Z yak Srayee per cent; mites, 0.
4 ie ply 4, p per cent; Hyalella
FFT TN OL © G p83 aeteca, 0.7 per cent;
Ov. e, t 26g OZ ostracods, trace;
WAS DE FP Eurycercus lamel-
ie ee latus, 29.9 per cent;
IGT, DM O Ceriodaphnia, 0.1
SPT per cent; fine dé-
pee) Ri bris, 6.6 per cent.
Vpipgix Summarizing the
9 foods, they are: In-
sect larvee, 27.4 per
Fic. 3.—Section of bank of lagoon showing position of male oy
crappie observed on May 20, 1916. cent ; insect pupe,
34.9 per cent; am-
phipods, 0.1 per cent; entomostracans, 30.7 per cent; fine sediment,
6.6 per cent.
The abundance and variety of the food indicates that the males
had fed actively among the shore vegetation, and this condition
continued throughout the spawning season. In this respect crap-
pies appear to differ from perch, which commonly neglect to feed
during their active breeding period.
On May 27, 6 males, but no females, were caught. All had ma-
ture testes, but none was shedding milt. The gonads of the 2
females and 4 males captured on June 3 were all mature, but
not quite ripe. On June 10 the catch was as follows: 3 mature
females, 3 ripe females shedding eggs, 3 mature males, 3 ripe males
shedding sperm. On June 17, 1 mature male was captured; on June
19, 4 mature males, 1 ripe male, 1 mature female, 1 ripe female, 1
female partly spent; June 26, 2 mature males; June 27, 3 mature
males, 3 ripe males, 3 ripe females; July 1, 1 ripe male, 1 ripe female;
July 3, 2 immature males, 1 ripe male, 1 immature female, 1 ripe
HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE. 13
female; July 8, 2 ripe males, 5 spent females; July 15, 5 ripe males,
5 spent females. é
The observations show that, in Lake Wingra, the most active
spawning period came later in the season than at Havana, Ill, which
is more than 200 miles farther south. It is also apparent that, in the
present observations, spawning took place at somewhat higher tem-
perature than those reported by Richardson (1913). Compared to
the perch, the crappie breeds in warmer water. Perch begin spawn-
ing when the temperature is 8 to 9° C.; crappies when it is 19 to20° C.
No observations were made on eggs or young in Lake Wingra
until the latter part of July, in part on account of the turbidity of
the water. After that, small crappies were captured at intervals
until midwinter (Table 2). During the autumn and winter they
were quite common in the aquatic vegetation alongshore, and after
the lake froze over they were to be found in the mouths of the small
streams, where the water was somewhat warmer than in the lake
itself. In the latter habitat they were associated with other small
fishes in the following proportions, as judged by catches with a
dip net: Pomowis sparoides, 34; Pimehales notatus, 27; Eucalia in-
constans, 13; Lepomis incisor, 11; Fundulus diaphanus menona, 11;
Labidesthes sicculus, 5; Micropterus salmoides, 2; Ameriurus nubu-
losus. In the mouth of the particular stream where observations
were made crappies were the most abundant fishes.
IV. MIGRATIONS.
Judging from the catches in gill nets and on hooks? the crappies
are active in Lake Wingra from the middle of February until the
middle of October. In autumn, after the water temperature had
fallen to about 10° C., they were no longer captured by either method
of fishing in places where they had been more or less common
throughout the warmer months. This may have been because the
crappies did not move about, because they collected in one or more
schools which did not happen to be encountered, or because they
remained in places where no fishing was done.
Twice during the winter (Dec. 30 and Jan. 20) an adult crappie
was seen in the shallow mouth of a stream (7.5° C.) at the north-
west corner of the lake. These were the only adult individuals
observed in Lake Wingra from October 14, 1916, to February 10,
1917, though fishing was carried on each week. When crappies began
to bite in the spring, they were caught in only one locality for the
first two weeks—over a hole about 30 feet deep, where a hydraulic
dredge had worked during the preceding summer. Despite the
occasional individuals observed in shallow water, the evidence ap-
pears to indicate that the majority of the crappies descend into the
deepest regions of the lake in the autumn, and that they remain
there in comparative inactivity throughout the winter. In the
spring they return to shallower water, where they remain during the
summer.
Apparently crappies often swim in small schools during the sum-
mer, particularly just before the spawning season. June 10, 1916,
between 5 and 7.15 a. m., on the south shore of Lake Wingra, a man,
“For details of these catches, see Tables V and XXXII in a paper by Pearse and Ach-
tenberg soon to be published by this Bureau.
14 HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE.
fishing from a drifting rowboat with three hooks baited with min-
nows and whitebait, caught 52 Pomowis sparoides, 1 Lepomis incisor,
1 Lepisosteus osseus, in an area about 100 meters wide and 400 meters
long, where the depth was 2 to 3 meters. At the same time only
four crappies were caught with similar equipment 300 meters west.
At other times the catches on those areas under similar circumstances
never exceeded five crappies. On May 20, 1916, four male crappies
were caught in a few minutes; they were all on the same side of the
gill net, within an area of 4 feet square. Apparently they had been
swimming along together. There were other occasions when crappies
seemingly swam in schools, but there were also many times when
they were caught singly.
V. ENEMIES AND PARASITES.
Compared with the perch, the crappie is relatively free from para-
sites (Pearse and Achtenberg, forthcoming report). Though the
perch in the Wisconsin lakes are heavily infested with proteocephalid
larvee, distomes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans, the crappies are
generally free from such parasites. Of the 276 crappies examined,
only 11 carried parasites, and the occurrence of all is given in the
following list:
September 17, 1915; southeast corner of Lake Monona; crappie, 116 milli-
meters long; nematodes in the intestine.
October 27, 1915; Lake Wingra; two crappies, 48 and 388 millimeters long,
respectively, both with nematodes in the intestine.
May 138, 1916; Lake Wingra ; ripe female, 146 millimeters long with nematodes
in intestine; young male, 112 millimeters long with cysts along whole length of
intestinal wall.
May 13, 1916; University Bay, in Lake Mendota; male, 200 millimeters long;
a trematode in intestine.
June 10, 1916; Lake Wingra; female, 160 millimeters long; cysts along in-
testine.
July 3, 1916; Lake Wingra; immature male, 112 millimeters long; tapeworm
cysts on intestine. ;
August 20, 1916; male, 170 millimeters long; nematodes in intestine.
November 26, 1916; crappie, 44 millimeters long; proteocephalid * tapeworm
eysts along intestine.
January 1, 1917; open stream west of University of Wisconsin; crappie, 58.5
millimeters long, a leech, Piscola punctulata attached to body.
Summary: Intestinal nematodes, 5; intestinal trematode, 1; cysts in peri-
toneum along intestine, 4; leech, 1.
VI. GENERAL DISCUSSION.
Though perch exceed crappies in numbers in Lake Wingra, they
do not attain maximum growth.? The crappies are large and, in
proportion to their greater sizes, abundant. Evidently the small,
shallow lake is not a favorable habitat for the perch, but is satisfac-
tory for the crappie. The differences between the two species may
be summarized by stating that: (1) The perch feeds more by day
and eats less of pelagic crustaceans than the crappie; (2) the perch
«Thanks are due to Dr. George R. La Rue, who identified these. _ ]
vb The complete data for line and gill net catches have been given in a previous paper
by Pearse and Achtenberg, which is expected to be published shortly by this Bureau.
Judged by the catch per hour on hooks baited with minnows, the larger fishes are pres-
ent in Lake Wingra in the following ratios: Perch, 145; crappie, 94; bluegill sunfish,
79: largemouth black bass, 3; pumpkinseed, 3; gar, 1. From the catch per hour in gill
nets the following ratios were obtained: Perch, 307; bream, 32; crappie, 20; bluegill
sunfish, 17; dogfish, 16; pumpkinseed, 12; pickerel, 9; carp, 7; smallmouth black bass,
5; largemouth black bass, 4; black bullhead, 2; gar, 1.
HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE. 15
feeds on or near the bottom; the crappie finds its food among the
shore vegetation or in the open lake; (8) the perch fasts more or
less during the hot weather and while spawning; the crappie ap-
parently eats throughout the summer, but takes little or no food dur-
ing the winter; (4) the crappie spawns later in the season, when
the water is warmer; (5) the perch has many parasites; the crappie,
few.
The crappie is better suited to shallow lakes than the perch, be-
cause its normal activities are not interfered with by high tempera-
tures, and it is thus able to breed and feed when food is most abun-
dant. Its habits of feeding at twilight or during the night help in
avoiding the unfavorable conditions associated with the warmth of
midsummer. Its greater immunity to parasitic infections also en-
ables it to live in the shore vegetation with less danger.
VII. SUMMARY.
1. This paper attempts to compare the habits of the black crappie
with those of the perch, with the purpose of ascertaining why the
former is better suited to shallow lakes and the latter to deep lakes.
2. The food of the crappie consists chiefly of insects, particularly
immature stages, entomostracans, amphipods, and fishes.
3. In spring amphipods and entomostracans are the chief items in
the dietary. During the warmer months crappies feed largely on in-
sect larve, pupe, and adults, and on cladocerans. In winter adult
crappies take little or no food in Wisconsin lakes.
4. Feeding is most active at night, or in early morning and evening.
5. Young crappies feed for the most part on copepods, cladocerans,
insect larvee, and amphipods. During their first season they increase
rapidly in size until the temperature of the water falls to about 4° C.,
but grow very little during the winter.
6. The rate of digestion in the crappie is about the same as in the
perch, but less food is eaten at a time and feeding is more deliberate.
7. In southern Wisconsin lakes crappies spawn after the water
temperature has reached 19 to 20° C., or more; while the perch
spawn earlier, when the temperature is 8 to 9° C.
8. During the winter crappies remain in deep water and are com-
paratively inactive. In spring they come inshore and remain in
shallow water throughout the summer.
9. Crappies have few parasites when compared with perch.
10. Though perch are more abundant than crappies in the shallow
lake investigated, they do not attain large sizes. Crappies are large,
and, considering their larger sizes, relatively abundant.
11. Crappies are better suited to shallow lakes than perch, because :
(1) They can better endure high temperatures; (2) their feeding
habits enable them to secure food more easily; and (3) they are less
subject to infection by parasites.
VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Forbes, 8. A., and Richardson, R. E.
1908. The Fishes of Illinois. Illinois State Laboratory of Natural His-
tory, 3; cxxx1I+357.
Johnson, R. 8., and Stapleton, M. F.
1915. Fish Ponds on Farms. Appendix 2, Report, U. S. Commissioner of
Fisheries, 5-28.
16 HABITS OF THE BLACK CRAPPIE.
Knauthe, K.
1907. Das Siisswasser. Neudamm, vy+663.
Malloch, J. R.
1915. The Chironomid or Midges of Illinois, with Particular Reference to
the Species Occurring in the Illinois River. Bulletin Illinois State
Laboratory of Natural History, 10: 275-548.
Pearse, A. S., and Achtenberg, H.
——. The Habits of the Yellow Perch (Perca flawescens Mitchill) in Cer-
tain Wisconsin Lakes. Forthcoming report, Bureau of Fisheries.
Richardson, R. E.
1913. Observations on the Breeding Habits of Fishes at Havana, Illinois,
1910 and 1911. Bulletin Illinois State Laboratory of Natural
History, 9: 405-416.
1900. Artificial Propagation of the Black Basses, Crappies, and Rock Bass.
Revised edition of the Fish Manual, 147-163.
.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY
By E. P. CHURCHIEL, Jr.
Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fishertes
Appendix IV to the Report of the U. S, Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
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CONTENTS.
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CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
By E. P. Cuurcuttt, Jr., Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
GROWTH AND SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY.
The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is the only species of crab found
in Chesapeake Bay which has so far proved to be of commercial
importance. The catching and preparing for market of this crusta-
cean has given rise to an industry which, at the present time, embraces
almost the entire bay in its scope. The crab of Chesapeake Bay was
first put on the market in the year 1873 or 1874, shipments of soft
crabs being made by Capt. John H. Landon, from Crisfield, Md., to
the firm of John Martin, of Philadelphia. The hard-crabbing
industry was initiated in 1878 by James McMenamin, who opened a
plant at Hampton, Va., for canning the meat of the hard crab. The
firm which he founded is still in operation, constituting the oldest
existing crabbing firm in Virginia, if not in the whole bay.
Some trouble was at first experienced in finding a market for the
crabs and the meat. Crabs were, to most persons, an unknown form
of food and were even considered by many to be poisonous. Express
agents and railroad employees, whose daily run took them through -
Crisfield, became familiar with the edible qualities of the soft crab
and assisted in arousing the interest of fish and game dealers of the
larger cities, such as Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York. The
Hampton firm carried on a very extensive advertising campaign. By
these means the use of the crab as a food gradually spread until crabs
and crab meat are now found in most of the important markets.
At first the soft crabs were shipped in heavy boxes which made the
express charges high. No ice was used and consequently at least
one-half of the crabs died en route. Mr. Martin, mentioned above,
suggested that ice be packed about the crabs. A method of placing
the crabs in trays in the boxes was devised, in order that ate in
any part of the box might be examined without disturbing the
remainder. The present style of trays and boxes was introduced in
1884 by Isaac Tawes, of Crisfield.
Soft crabs were first caught by the use of hand or dip nets. Old
oyster dredges then began to be employed, in a manner similar to that
used in dredging for oysters. Next a special form of scrape without
teeth was invented. The iron-mesh bag was replaced by one of cotton
mesh, the patent for which was held by L. Cooper Dize, of Crisfield.
This form of apparatus came into general use and is one of the chief
means of taking soft crabs at present. The haul seine was formerly
often employed in catching crabs but its use now is confined to a few
localities in the northern part of the bay. No licenses were issued
for its use in 1916. The shedding of crabs in floats began very
shortly after the beginning of commercial catching. The style of
5
6 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
floats used was about the same as that in vogue at present. Attempts
were made to confine immature hard crabs in pounds of various sorts
until they became peelers and then to allow them to shed. This
method was found to be impracticable, as it was necessary to handle
the crabs too often.?
The use of the trot-line, principally in taking hard crabs, has been
pe since the inception of the industry. The dredge began to
e employed in taking hard crabs at some time between 1900 and
1905.
Since its inception in the early seventies until 1901, the expansion
of the crab industry in size and importance proceeded steadily.
During the seven-year period from 1901 to 1908, the volume of the
industry more than doubled, the catch increasing from 21,530,076
pounds of crabs in 1901, to 45,456,000 in 1908. No further figures
relative to the size of the catch are available until 1915 is reached.
In that year, at the close of this seven-year period, the catch amounted
to 50,343,268 pounds, an increase of only about 5,000,000 pounds in
comparison with an increase of about 24,000,000 pounds between
1901 and 1908. These facts and other data relative to the develop-
ment of the crab industry are presented in concise form in the follow-
ing table:
CoMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF THE CRAB PRODUCT OF MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA FOR
Various YEARS FROM 1880 To 1915.
Maryland.
Years.
Crabs, hard. Crabs, soft. Total.
Pounds Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
ISRDEEY - dias Sao eee © Saceage ns 1,166,667 | $46, 850 (c) (c) 1, 166, 667 $46, 850
ASS ioe Seen ooo sae See oat eee 2, 757, 638 36, 969 1, 636, 530 | $133,788 | 4,394,168 170, 757
PSRRe So. eyes seas Cree re See siete 2, 674, 675 37,4388 | 2,208, 829 161, 331 4, 883, 504 198, 769
TRS 2 ne RS oc Nee er eemees gtien a 2,388, 099 31, 723 4,056,110.} 228,690 | 6,444, 209 260, 413
PSOM Se st Pee 88s See eS. SA 2,776, 898 37,460 | 4,828,872 | 266,256 | 7,605,770 303, 716
DROS Ss hs ogo els cele aus Boe 5 5, 333, 316 39,949 | 4,115, 879 177.637 | 9,449,195 217, 586
TNE Ei a St oy gem epey ae eae , 824, 793 85,884 | 4,303,582 | 202,563 | 14, 128,375 288, 447
NGQ42 gee. Fey Pha Shee ees 12, 665, 282 168,996 | 5,732, 865 189, 851 | 18,398, 147 358, 847
LOO Ga 5 aN se cics Seo ee ose 12, 786, 000 124, 000 7, 587, 000 195,000 | 20,373, 000 319, 000
Tits ee ee SE EES: 28 22, 491, 675 335,375 | 7,602,207 | 329,276 | 30,093, 882 664, 651
Virginia.
Years. Grand total.
Crabs, hard. Crabs, soft. Total.
Pounds Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value Pounds. | Value.
WSSOoS - oo se due 2 2, 139, 200 $32, 088 (c) (c 2, 139, 200 $32, 088 3, 305, 867 | $78,938
TRS esses ace 626, 820 15, 479 ( 4 (¢ 626, 820 15, 479 5, 020, 988 | 186, 236
1888:b 3.222.438 956, 843 24, 669 (¢ (c 956, 843 24,669 | 5,840, 347 5
SS ee ee! 2, 584, 794 28, 210 440, 310 $26, 054 3, 025, 104 54, 264 9, 469, 313 | 314, 677
WEOTS Ae BAS. oe 2, 208, 071 32, 683 585, 95 29,379 | 2,794, 027 62, 062 | 10,399, 797 | 365, 778
TROT 2 4 os Beuaia 5, 331, 398 28, 331 1, 068, 116 39,914 | 6,399, 514 68, 245 | 15, 848, 709 | 285, 831
1d) 0p et ete al 6, 113, 277 52, 863 1, 288, 424 65,972 | 7,401, 701 118, 835 | 21, 530, 076 | 407, 282
LONE eee 8. 10, 356, 052 179, 575 1, 910, 654 92,909 | 12,266,706 | 272,484 | 30, 664, 853 | 631,331
Ct 23,001,000 | 239,000 | 2,082, 000 87,000 | 25, 083, 000 ¢ 45, 456, 000 | 645, 000
TL te eons Oa 18,765,148 | 242,754 | 1,484,238] 74,402 | 20,249,386 | 317,156 | 50,343, 268 | 981, 807
a The facts cited concerning the early history of the soft-crab industry were obtained from “The Crab
Industry of Maryland,” W. A. Roberts, Report of the Bureau of Fisheries, 1904,
b From Annual Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for Fiscal Year Ende
¢ Statistics not available.
@ The statistics for 1908 are from data published by the Bureau of the Census.
p. 423 and 424.
June 30, 1916, p. 64.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 7
The Annual Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1916, shows that, in 1915, there were 10,290
persons engaged in the industry, the invested capital amounted to
$852,777, and the value of the catch was $981,807.
The statistics collected during the course of the present investiga-
tion, and quoted below, present certain details of interest concerning
the size of the crab industry in 1916.
Licensed crabbers. Catch.
Dip net
States. see) Dealers.
trop ARE, Dredge. Hard. Soft. Total.
scrape.
Number.| Number.| Numher.| Pownds. Pounds. Pounds.
Mery lamer atta Wer Te CA ae ee 221 | 21,334,500 | 6,637,610 | ¢ 27, 972, 110
A EC eg Saas Sa Cees Se Ie ee 61,055 83 49 | 16,343,010 | 1,234,140] 17,577,150
CL 5 tle Lg as a 4,673 83 270 | 37,677,510 | 7,871,750 | 45,549, 260
a These figures represent 894 dip net, 1,661 trot-line, and 1,963 scrape licenses.
b Dip net, trot-line, and scrape crabbers are not licensed separately in Virginia.
¢ The figures for the catch in Maryland are based in part on estimation, as it was found to be impossible
for the author to visit all the smaller crab dealers, owing to the demands made upon his time by the more
important features of the investigation.
Although the figures given in the preceding table for Maryland are
based in part on estimation, it is felt that they represent the true con-
ditions fairly accurately. The entire number of crab houses was
known and the catch handled by the smaller houses, which were not
visited, was estimated from that handled by houses of about the same
capacity which were visited. It is safe to say that the catch in 1916
was smaller than that secured during 1915.
CRABBING GROUNDS AND LOCATION OF DEALERS.
The number of crabbers found at the different grounds furnishes
something of an index of the relative abundance of crabs existing at
that place and of the general adaptability of the region to their
capture. For that reason, data showing the number of crabbers and
crab dealers licensed during 1916-17 in the several tidewater counties
of Maryland and Virginia are presented in the following table. The
counties in the respective States are arranged in the order of the num-
ber of crabbers in each, those having the most being placed first.
LicENSED CRABBERS AND DEALERS IN MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA, 1916-17.
MARYLAND.
Licensed crabbers.
Counties. ae R EE Lee If EE IL | 2 ealers:
Dip net. | Trot-line.| Scrape. | Total.
Number. | Number.| Number.| Number. | Number.
37. 97 829
OTHE ROE 5 SRS a ae ee 75 1,301 97
SSO MESLOE a. Sem oie ee ance Om one pate cee eeice 126 729 21
PGP ATG Ole se so ceacs 5. oe 322 sae eeh oso. toe oe 116 421 9
Talbot 1 312 20
St. Marys 270 12
Queen Anne 195 8
Cnt. =3-5= 160 3
Calvert 92 10
Baltimore 5] Se eee
Baltimore City 33 38
WO CESLGr son) Pee ee eee a rh ae 24 2
AGirarlés ©- 222 ee eee ee ee ent oon 2 12 1
MV ICOMLICOS sii2 Se seeet. bomen sae ee PERCE hue tree ess tl eyo. ee Gio 2. Se
SDOtAl «2 aos sea een. Sek chat. Aon 894 | 3,618 221
160695°—20——15
\
8 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
LicENSED CRABBERS AND DEALERS IN MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA, 1916-17—Contd.
VIRGINIA.
Licensed crabbers.
Counties. Dip net, Dealers.
tr celine: Dredge. | Total.
scrape.
Number. | Number. | Number. | Number.
IEE EO SRS = bacgade sac ab Sm Seo Dee One ae anno so Sse sopSeoonr ec Sace ANO) SN oeesncene 409 ai13
Northumberland iste. - 2...:. Jetene sect ce venta rene eeeee ee oeee ae 2008 Bt Seeesee 200" !vcniateemae
Wize beth Cityiee-eee ot no- = c e eeeseoe aoe nen eee 59 57 116 16
Te ah eee eee mecin sis See tisos Siam oh scuici esis ccmasion Mee mele 78 18 06: | [22 eee
IN OFIOLESS = Sarees See ee cee cis Sesleri eee cee esate merce 59 1 60 ll
Mancaster.csen: eens 3 os ete <6 hee Soe ec ee Scere 5d. aseewonts 5d: (eee aeeeeee
Mathewss act ta. samt ce state ces SG. esses bbe enc obs ea 40 6 46-15... heees2
sWiestmorelanidi: so) 4 os-Aeh ch haaee naps sccee ase ose <s'e e ch eee 44 |. eee
Middlesex 2. = cnc sacscemiasitcec cin ec eesce asm aemnecie emaece SO Same cee 30) \| oceeeeeee
ING ATEN} 5 Seo codec gw sane acmosessoet Goss does asonosec45= 37 1 38 b2
(IOTICESECIa = aac tes ale aetna a eet eee Ph) eae aso 29) ||: sae
LG TG eo ca eeoonpwipe sscicosenocesmmonsoaneascecscr etic 19} eee 19 c2
Princess'AnmNe 5-2 /5~= <1 o.- eases a ceene Bee Sees een ere Oy -Ree Sees Stladees. see
Isle of Wight.......------22 22-2. 020 -n ene seen s snes scee ee seneee HN Bascod=see 1 EE es oe
Notal: 4-<bietduceoss Sse ee <akseemeds ode esses 1,055 &3 1,138 49
a Also one at Franklin City, on the ocean side.
b There is 1 crab house at Willis Wharf, Va., on the ocean side, outside the scope of this report.
c Both are located at Westpoint, just over the line in King William County.
The relative importance of the different regions of the bay to the
crabbing industry is worthy of discussion insome detail. For thesake
of convenience, the county will be taken as the geographical unit. The
tidewater counties of the Eastern Shore, beginning with the most
southerly, will be considered first. The treatment of the counties of
the western shore, beginning at the north, will then follow. It must
be borne in mind that all figures showing the number of crabbers
and crab houses are for the years 1916-17.
NORTHAMPTON COUNTY, VA.
There are in this county 37 crabbers, 1 dredge boat, and 2 crab
houses, both located at Cape Charles City. No meat is picked out
at these houses, but about 10,000 bartels of crabs are bought and
shipped each year. During the winter they handle a portion of the
dredge-boat catch of the southern part of the bay, shipping largely to
Crisfield by the New York, Philadicinhis & Norfolk Railroad. In this
way the dealers of Crisfield are brought into competition with those
of Norfolk and Hampton for the dredge-boat catch. Dredging is car-
ried on during the winter months throughout the whole of the lower
part of the bay, from the capes to about the latitude of the northern
end of this county on the Eastern Shore, and the northern extremity of
Mathews County, Va., on the western shore. The deeper waters of
this part of the a afford a fine field for dredging operations during
the winter, since the crabs migrate in great numbers to this region in
the fall and lie on the bottoms until spring.
The trot-line crabbers of the county work largely in the coves and
creeks of the western side and sell to the firms at Cape Charles or haul
their catch inland to stations on the New York, Philadelphia & Nor-
folk Railroad and ship directly to northerly points. There is no soft-
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 9
crabbing industry in the county, as immature crabs are not found in
sufficient quantities. Most of them go farther north to shed.
ACCOMAC COUNTY, VA.
This county has 409 crabbers and 13 crab houses, the latter being
located at points along the western side, at Deep Creek, Chesconnessex
and Saxis, and on Tangier Island. No meat is picked out, but some
hard crabs are shipped alive. The bulk of the effort is directed to the
soft-crabbing industry. :
SOMERSET COUNTY, MD.
This county has 1,301 crabbers, 829 of whom use the scrape, and 97
crab houses, 52 of which are located at Crisfield, the remainder send-
ing their product either to Crisfield or to Deal Island, in this county.
Part of the houses located in this county handle only hard crabs;
5 at Crisfield remain open all winter, using crabs which have been
dredged in Virginia waters. Some handle only soft crabs; many
handle both hard and soft. While immense numbers of hard crabs
are shipped from this county, it is the home of the soft-crab industry. .
The best crabbing bottoms of the bay include those underlying the
waters extending from the vicinity of Onancock, Va., situated at the
southern extremity of Pocomoke Sound, northwest to Tar Bay, which
is about midway of the western side of Dorchester County, Md. This
expanse includes Pocomoke Sound, Tangier Sound, the mouths of the
Wicomico and the Nanticoke Rivers, Fishing Bay, Honga River, and
Tar Bay. The waters of these bodies include scores of the mouths of
rivers, small bays, coves, and inlets of Accomac County, Va., Somer-
set County, Md., a small portion of Wicomico County, Md., and the
southern part of Dorchester County, Md., on the east and north; and
of Tangier Island, Va., Smiths, South Marsh, Hollands, Billy, and
Hoopers Islands, Md., on the west. On the grassy bottoms under-
lying these waters young crabs congregate in vast numbers to shed,
and a remarkably fertile crabbing field is afforded. The bottoms of
this locality are those on which the scrape may be used to best advan-
tage, because of their comparative smoothness. Hight hundred and
ie ae of the 1,063 crabbers using scrapes are located in Somerset
ounty.
Crisfield, located in the southern part of this county, on the little
Annemessex River, is the center of the soft-crab industry of the world.
It receives most of the soft-crab catch from Pocomoke and Tangier
Sounds, and practically all the soft-crab catch from the western shore
of Virginia. It also receives the hard-crab catch from a large part of
Pocomoke and Tangier Sounds, in addition to quantities shipped in
from a distance. Its shipping facilities consist of a daily baat to
Baltimore and good train service.
Deal Island, at the northern end of Tangier Sound, is the second
shipping point in importance in Somerset County. It has only 9 crab
houses, however, 4 of which pick out the meat. Its only outlet to
market is a daily boat to Baltimore. It receives a large part of the
pn from the southern part of Dorchester County, which lies to the
north.
10 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
WICOMICO COUNTY, -MD.
This county has 6 crabbers, but no crab houses. The crabbing
grounds are the mouths of the Wicomico and the Nanticoke Rivers
and the catch goes to Deal Island.
DORCHESTER COUNTY, MD.
There are in this county 729 crabbers and 21 crab houses, the pro-
prietors of the most of which are engaged in shedding out soft crabs.
Those in the southern part send most of their product to Deal Island,
though afew ship from Wingate, on the Honga River, as the Baltimore
boat touches there. Those at the north, on the Little Choptank and
the Choptank Rivers, ship to Cambridge, in Dorchester County, and
to Oxford and Bellevue, in Talbot County. There is one picking
house, which closes in the winter.
TALBOT COUNTY, MD.
This county has 312 crabbers and 20 crab houses. The crabbing
grounds are in the coves of the mouth of the Choptank River at the
south and Eastern Bay and its tributaries on the north. The houses
are located on these waters; on the south the shipping points are
Oxford, Bellevue, Neavitt, and Tilghman. Five packing houses are
located at Oxford and one at Bellevue. None of these operate during
the winter. The town of Oxford stands second in Maryland in the
amount of crab meat picked out, being exceeded in this respect
only by Crisfield. The shipping points on Eastern Bay are Claiborne
and St. Michaels, 3 picking houses being located at the latter point,
none of which operate during the winter. The Baltimore, Chesapeake
& Atlantic Railroad from these points connects by ferry with Balti-
more. One crabber in this county was using the scrape in 1916.
QUEEN ANNE COUNTY, MD.
There are in this county 195 crabbers and 8 crab houses. The
erabbing grounds are in the northern part of Eastern Bay on the
south and in Chester River on the north; the principal shipping
center is Queenstown on the Chester River, its shipping facilities
being a Baltimore boat three days a week and the Maryland, Dela-
ware & Virginia Railroad, connecting by ferry with Baltimore.
Other small shipping points are found’up the Chester River. There
are no picking hatses hard and soft crabs being shipped alive.
KENT COUNTY, MD.
There are here 160 crabbers and 3 crab houses. These houses ship
hard and soft crabs alive, but no meat. The crabbing grounds are
in the Chester River, the main shipping point being Rock Hall,
which has service by the Baltimore boat three times a week.
There is no commercial crabbing carried on north of Kent County
on the east and Baltimore on the west. Pooles Island, at the southern
extremity of Harford County, is se 2 eas the northern limit of the
crabbing industry of Chesapeake Bay.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. ra
BALTIMORE COUNTY, MD.
This county has 63 crabbers, but no crab houses; most of the
persons licensed crab for pleasure or are the proprietors of resorts
or “‘shores”’ in the vicinity of Baltimore.
BALTIMORE CITY, MD.
Baltimore has 33 crabbers, practically all of whom are crabbing
for sport. There are 38 crab houses which obtain their crabs from
shipping points down the bay; most of these sell soft and hard
crabs and meat prepared at points below, Baltimore being the final
market for a certain proportion of the crabs obtained in the bay.
There are a few picking houses, some of which remain in operation
all winter, using crabs which have been dredged in Virginia waters.
ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, MD.
This county has 421 crabbers and 9 crab houses, 3 of which pick
out the meat, closing in the winter. The crabbing grounds are in the
South and the Severn Rivers and the inlets of the eastern side of the
county. The scrape is used to some extent here, this being the only
county on the western shore in which this implement is used. The
3 picking houses and 1 soft-crab house are located at Annapolis.
The other 5 crab houses are engaged in shedding crabs and shipping
living hard crabs, and are located at various small places along the
eastern side of the county, 1 being at Fairhaven at the southern
extremity.
CALVERT COUNTY, MD.
There are here 92 crabbers and 10 crab houses, 4 or 5 of the latter
being located at Solomons Island, at the mouth of the Patuxent
River. There are no picking houses. The main crabbing grounds
are in the Patuxent River, as the eastern shore of the county has
few inlets. The main shipping points are Solomons Island and
Broomes Island, farther up the river, living hard and soft crabs being
shipped. A very few crabs are shipped from Coves Point on the
eastern side of the county.
CHARLES COUNTY, MD.
This count has 12 ecrabbers and 1 crab house from which are
shipped live hard and soft crabs. The crabbing grounds are the
Potomac River.
ST. MARYS COUNTY, MD.
There are in this county 270 crabbers and 12 crab houses. Only
live hard and soft crabs are shipped. The crabbing grounds are
Patuxent River on the north and the Potomac on the south. Some
of the persons licensed to operate crab houses in this county reside
in Crisfield and send run boats to St. Georges Island, on the southern
side of this county, to take the catch to Crisfield. Some crabs are
sped out at Millers Wharf on St. Marys Bay and shipped to Baltimore
y boat.
12 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
The crabbing industry in this county and that of Westmoreland,
Northumberland, Lancaster, Middlesex, and Mathews Counties, Va.,
is greatly hampered by the entire lack of railroad facilities in any of
the counties and by the very inadequate boat service. The Baltimore
boats touch at points in these counties only three times a week. The
bulk of the crabs have to be taken to Crisfield by run boats. If
transportation facilities could be improved, the size of the industry
could doubtless be much increased in this region.
WESTMORELAND COUNTY, VA.
There are here 44 crabbers and no crab houses. The crabbing
grounds are the Potomac River, most of the catch going to Crisfield.
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, VA.
There are in this county 200 crabbers, but no crab houses. The
crabbing grounds are the Potomac, the Great Wicomico, and smaller
rivers. Nearly all the catch goes to Crisfield. This is one of the
important counties in the crab industry, the catch of soft crabs
being quite large.
LANCASTER COUNTY, VA.
This county has 53 crabbers. There are no crab houses. The
crabbing grounds are the Rappahannock River, on the south. The
catch is sent to Crisfield.
MIDDLESEX COUNTY, VA.
There are here 39 crabbers, but no crab houses. The crabbing
erounds are the Rappahannock on the north and the Piankatank
River on the south, the catch being sold to Crisfield.
MATHEWS COUNTY, VA.
This county has 46 crabbers and 6 dredge boats. There are no
crab houses. The main crabbing grounds are the Piankatank River
on the north, the coves and inlets of the bay on the east, and Mob
Jack Bay on the south. The dredge boats operate in the entire lower
part of the bay. Their catch is taken directly to Hampton, Norfolk,
or Cape Charles. The soft-crab catch, mostly taken from the Pianka-
tank, goes to Crisfield; the trot-line catch of hard crabs from Mob
Jack Bay is taken by run boats to Hampton.
GLOUCESTER COUNTY, VA.
There are here 29 crabbers, but no crab houses. The main crabbing
grounds are the Mob Jack Bay on the east and the York River on
the southwest. No soft crabs are handled. The trot-line catch is
sold to run boats from Hampton.
KING AND QUEEN COUNTY, VA.
This county has 19 crabbers, but no crab houses, the catch going
to 2 crab houses at Westpoint in King William County, Va. The
crabbing ground is the York River.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 13
YORK COUNTY, VA.
There are here 78 crabbers and 18 dredge boats. There are no
crab houses. The main crabbing grounds are the York River and
Poquoson Bay on the northeast and Back River on the south, the
dredge boats operating in the lower part of the bay. No soft crabs
are handled, the entire catch of hard crabs going to Hampton, Nor-
folk, and Cape Charles.
ELIZABETH CITY COUNTY, VA.
This county has 116 crabbers, 57 dredge boats, and 16 crab houses.
The main crabbing grounds are the Hampton Roads on the southeast
and Back River on the north, the dredge boats operating in the lower
part of the bay. This county leads by far in the number of dredge
boats, which operate during the winter months and sellto Hampton,
Norfolk, and Cape Charles. One crab housé is located at Phoebus
and the rest at Hampton. All are picking houses and remain: open
for the most part throughout the year. A few close during a part of
the summer when the season is slack, owing to the falling off in the
supply of crabs during the month of August especially. This has
been emphasized by the institution of a closed season on sponge-
bearing crabs during July and August. There is no soft-crab industry
in this county, since the bulk of the crabs caught here are adults.
Hampton is the center of the hard-crab industry. More crab meat
is picked out and shipped from this city than from any other on the
bay. The adult crabs, especially the females, migrate in great
numbers to the lower part of the bay in the fall. By the use of the
trot-line in the summer and the dredge in the winter, hard crabs are
obtained in sufficient quantities to enable the houses to operate
throughout most of the year.
ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY, VA.
This county has 1 crabber, the crabbing grounds being the James
River.
NORFOLK COUNTY, VA.
There are here 60 crabbers, 1 dredge boat, and 11 crab houses.
The last are located at Norfolk and Portsmouth, but only 3 or 4 are
of any importance, and these remain open throughout the year; all
are picking houses. There is little cea soft-crab trade. The crab-
bing grounds are the James River, Hampton Roads, and Lynnhaven
Roads, all on the north.
PRINCESS ANNE COUNTY, VA.
This county has 8 crabbers, but no crab houses. The crabbing
oe are Lynnhaven Roads on the north. The catch goes to
orfolk.
SUMMARY.
Hard crabs are caught and sold, in general, throughout the extent
of the bay from the Capes to Baltimore. About as many are handled
in Maryland as in Virginia. The center of the hard-crab industry in
Maryland is at Crisfield, although the trade in hard crabs in-Maryland
is more evenly distributed among the different towns than in Virginia.
14 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
In the latter State, Hampton stands by far in the lead, handling more
hard crabs than any other one point on the bay and at least three-
fourths of the hard crabs shipped from Virginia. The congregation
of the adult crabs upon the bottoms of the lower bay, during the
winter, furnishes sufficient material to enable the houses at Hampton,
ee Portsmouth, and Cape Charles to operate during most of
the year.
The soft-crab industry is engaged in from Accomac County, Va.,
on the Eastern Shore, and the Piankatank River on the western,
northward as far as Baltimore. Crisfield is the center of this industry,
being favored with very adequate shipping facilities, and located on
the best soft-crabbing grounds of the bay, viz, Tangier and Pocomoke
Sounds.
SEASONS.
SOFT CRABS.
Since soft crabs are obtained only as a result of the molting of the
young at the successive stages of growth and since this process takes
place only during the warmer months, the soft-crab season occurs
during the late spring, summer, and the early fall. In Virginia waters
the season usually opens about the first of May or a little earlier,
depending on the state of advancement of the spring. Crisfield firms
begin taking the catch of the western shore of Virginia and of Tangier
Island two or three weeks before soft crabbing is begun in Maryland
waters. Soft crabbing usually ceases about the last of July or the
middle of August in these Virginia counties, owing to the heat and
the poor transportation facilities. During very hot weather, the
soft crabs and peelers will not stand being kept until the day for the
Baltimore boat, or the extra day involved in carrying them to
Crisfield. The season usually closes in the latitude of Crisfield about
the first or the middle of October. In the more northerly latitude
of Annapolis and Baltimore, the season opens somewhat later than
at Crisfield and closes earlier, extending from about the first of June
to the middle of September or the first of October.
HARD CRABS.
The catching of hard crabs in Maryland waters is limited by law
to the period between May 1 and November 1. This practically
coincides with the natural trot-line season in this latitude. As the
use of the trot-line depends on the seizing of the bait by the crab,
this method of catching can not be practiced during the winter
months, when the crab is numb and inactive from the cold. The
law does not forbid the Maryland firms handling crabs which have
been taken from the waters of Virginia. Five picking houses at
Crisfield and a few at Baltimore remained opened during the winter
of 1916-17, depending almost entirely upon the catch taken in
Virginia waters by the dredge boats. A few crabs are taken in
Maryland waters when dredging for oysters. These are allowed to
be sold, as it is thought by those engaged in the industry that crabs
so taken during the cold weather would die if thrown back into the
water and would thus be wasted. Most of the crabs, however,
migrate toward the lower part of the bay during the fall, and con-
sequently not many are found in Maryland waters during the winter.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 15
In Virginia the hard-crab season extends throughout the entire
year, with the exception of a closed season during July and August
on sponge-bearing crabs. The weather is of sufficient mildness to
admit of trot-line sag being engaged in from about the first of
April until the middle or last of November. In 1916 there were no
crabs of any consequence taken by the trot-line at Hampton after
December 1. The temperature of the water at that time was about
48° F. Catching by this method had ceased two or three weeks
earlier farther up the bay. No crabbers were found using the trot-
line in Mob Jack Bay after November 10 during the year under
discussion. Catching with the trot-line began during the first week
in April in 1917. During the remaining months of the year hard
crabs are taken by the use of the dredge. The dredging season is
limited by law to the period between November 1 and May 1 of the
succeeding year. As the dredging season opens legally on November
1 and extends to May 1, there is some rivalry between the crabbers
using this method and those working with the trot-line during the
months of November and April. The trot-line men, operating at
less expense than the dredge-boat owners, can sell their catch more
cheaply. For that reason, and also because the crabs have not
moved in sufficient numbers to deep water, dredging does not begin
in earnest until nearly December.
LEGAL REGULATIONS.
MARYLAND.
Nonresidents are not permitted to take crabs in the waters of the
State. Residents are required to pay a license fee of $1 for the
privilege of taking crabs by any of the various methods used. Any
person or firm desiring to pick, can, or ship cooked hard or soft
crabs or crab meat must pay a license fee of $10. A fee of $5 is
necessary for selling or marketing living hard or soft crabs.
It is unlawful to take or have in possession any hard crab, other
than one in the peeler state, measuring less than 5 inches across the
shell from tip to tip of spike, or a hard crab with eggs visible upon
the apron; that is, a sponge crab. It is also unlawful to take or
have in possession a soft crab measuring less than 3 inches from tip
to tip of spike, or a peeler measuring less than 3 inches. No crabs
of any sort may be taken between November 1 of any year and May
1 of the succeeding year.
For the enforcement of these regulations the State has provided
as follows:
Licenses are obtained from the clerk of the court of the county
in which the crabber resides and are good for the year of issuance
and only in the county in which issued. Residents in Baltimore
City obtain licenses from the clerk of the court of common pleas and
oars crab in Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties.
t the opening of each crabbing season the State Conservation
Commission appoints, at its discretion, a certain number of inspec-
tors for each county in which crabbing is engaged in. These are
stationed by the commission in the respective counties at the
points where their presence is required. They report to the commis-
sloners and are also under the direction of the deputy commanders
of the State fishery force.
16 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
VIRGINIA.
Nonresidents are not allowed to take crabs from Virginia waters.
Residents are required to pay a fee of $2 for taking crabs by any
means other than by the dredge. The fee for the use of the latter
is $25. For each boat used in buying crabs a fee of $5 is required,
for each picking and crating house $10, and each canning and pack-
ing house $25.
No hard crab measuring less than 5 inches from tip to tip of spike
may be taken. It is unlawful to take sponge-bearing crabs between
July 1 and August 1 of each year. Dredging for crabs can be engaged
in only between November 1 and May 1. Crabs may not be taken
at night or on Sunday.
For the enforcement of the preceding regulations the following
provisions have been made by the State:
Licenses are obtained from the oyster and crab inspector of
the district in which the crabber resides and are good for the year
of issuance in any part of the State.
For the purpose of the enforcement of both the oyster and the
crab laws, the State is permanently divided by the State com-
missioner of fisheries into 49 districts. ‘Lo each of these, with
the exception of 3, an inspector, appointed for two years by the
commissioner, is assigned. In 8 cases 1 inspector has charge of 2
districts. Each inspector attends to the enforcement of the laws
relating to all sea foods in his district, issues the licenses, and is
responsible to the commissioner.
METHODS OF CATCHING.
SOFT CRABS.
Soft crabs and peelers are caught by the use of the dip net, scrape,
and trot-line.
Soft crabs are obtained from two sources. One of these is the
crabs caught while in the soft condition, shortly after having shed;
the other is the crabs which will shed within a few days if kept in
captivity, the resulting soft crabs being marketed. The crabs which
are soon to shed are known as “‘peelers.’”” When a crab approaches
the shedding state, a narrow line appears on the outer margin of the
next to the outer segment of the fourth pair of legs, or ‘‘back fins.”
This line is white at first. A crab in which such a line is present is
known as a “fat,” ‘‘green,” or ‘‘snot”’ crab, and is not saved as it
will be apt to die in captivity before shedding. If left upon the
bottom, the line within a few days becomes pink in color and the
crab is then a peeler. It will usually shed within a few days. Crabs
bearing such a pink “sign,” or “ring,” are saved and kept in live
boxes and floats until they shed. The bulk of the soft crabs handled
are obtained by the “shedding out”’ of peelers.
A certain percentage, however, of the soft crabs are taken when
already in that condition. This practice is especially prevalent on
the western shores of Virginia. The great majority of the crabs
taken when soft are caught by the use of the dip net.
Dir net (PI. I, fig. 1).—This consists of a one-fourth-inch iron rod
bent into the form of a hoop about 1 foot across and carrying a cotton- .
mesh bag with openings about 1 inch square; the whole attached to
USS. B. F.— 868. PLATE lI.
FIG. 1.—VIEW ON SCRAPE BOAT.
Showing a scrape (the triangular iron frame with the mesh bag), a crate with trays (for
shipping soft crabs); a short-handled net for ‘‘fishing out ’’ the soft crabs from a float,
a long-handled net for catching crabs on the bottom, and a wooden bailing scoop.
FIG. 2.—SCRAPE BOATS, CRISFIELD, MD.
The crabs are culled in the shallow boxes secured to the inside of the gunwale.
U. S. B. F.—868. PLATE II.
FIG. 1.—PORTION OF TROT-LINE, SHOWING METHOD OF BAITING ON
SNOODS.
FIG. 2.—TROT-LINE BOAT.
This is the style which is run by hand, the sai! being used in going to and from the crabbing
grounds.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 17
a straight wooden handle 6 or 7 feet in length. It is used in shallow
water and is carried in the hands, the crabber reaching into the
water from a boat and scooping up the crab. This instrument is
used especially in taking soft crabs, though some peelers are taken
with it. It is used in the mouths of creeks and in the shallow waters
of coves and inlets and in other places where the bottoms are. not
suitable for the use of the scrape.
Soraps (PI. I, fig. 1).—This consists essentially of a triangular iron
frame with a base varying in width from 2 to 5 feet. A cotton-mesh
bag is attached to the upper side and extends about 6 feet behind
the scrape. The scrape is dragged by a rope fastened to the apex,
the base, which bears no teeth, coming in contact with the ground. Two
scrapes are usually operated from a sailboat (PI. I, fig. 2), varying in
length from 20 to 60 feet. One scrape is dragged on each side of the
boat, each being hauled in alternately by hand, and the contents
dumped into shallow boxes attached to the side of the boat (Pl. L,
fig.2). Here the crabs aresorted out from the mass of seaweed, toad-
fish, oyster shells, etc., which is brought up by the scrape. The hard
crabs are put into barrels and the soft crabs and peelers kept in
boxes of various sorts while being brought ashore.
Although all sorts of crabs are taken with the scrape, the bulk of
the catch so taken consists of peelers, the reason being that scraping
is practiced only in the Crisfield region where the immature crabs
predominate in numbers, and is carried on in fairly deep water.
Crabs are apt to move inshore immediately before shedding, conse-
quently soft crabs are more numerous in the shallower waters.
The crabber usually reaches the crabbing grounds at 3 or 4 o’clock
in the morning and returns with his catch about 11 or 12 o’clock.
Thus the crabs reach the dealer before the heat of the day, which is
injurious to crabs confined in the live boxes.
Tror-LINE.—This apparatus is used at all seasons when the water
is warm enough for the crab to move sufficiently to seize the bait.
It is especially adapted to the catching of hard crabs, since a soft
crab can not seize the bait and a peeler does not bite readily, as a
crab does not eat much for a few days before it sheds.
The trot-line (PI. I, fig. 1) consists of a line varying in diameter from
three-sixteenths to three-eighths inch, and in length from 800 to 2,000
or more feet. A weight is secured to each end to hold the line in
place while on the bottom, and a buoy to mark the spot is attached
near the weight by ashort drop line. In some cases the baits are sus-
pended to the line by snoods 6 or 8 inches in length (PI. I, fig.1). This
is the usual practice where no power or sail boat is used, the lines
being “run” by hand—that is, the boat (PI. IL, fig. 2) is pulled along the
line by hand. In other cases, the baits are secured in bights in the
main line. This is done when the line is run by a power or sailboat.
In this case the line passes over a spool or an oarlock set on an arm
projecting about 1 foot from the side of the boat. As the boat is
moved along, either by hand or by the engine or sails, the line is
lifted and the crabber catches the crab3 in a short-handled dip net,
as they are brought to the surface while clinging to the bait. At
Phoebus, Va., a patent net is used by some crabbers. This is at-
tached to the side of the boat by an arm and secures the crabs as the
line passes through it. When not in use the arm may be raised and
the net thus suspended over the boat.
#8 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
In hot weather the crabber often reaches the crabbing grounds at
3 or 4 o’clock in the morning. Crabs are thought to bite more readily
in the early hours and the catch can be delivered to the dealer before
the heat of the day, and consequently less risk of the crabs being
killed by the heat is incurred. The line is set each morning and lifted
when the catch is completed. It is coiled temporarily in the boat
until the crabs are unloaded at the crab house. Then it is gone over
and any empty snoods or bights are rebaited and the line carefully
coiled in the stern of the boat, some salt is sprinkled over it to pre-
serve the bait, and the whole covered with a rubber sheet, old blanket,
or the like for the night. The bait commonly used is inedible beef
or sheep tripe, some horsemeat, eels, skates, etc., being used in the
spring when the crabs are not so active and consequently do not tear
the bait to pieces so readily. A good day’s catch with the trot-line
is three to four barrels when the line is.run by hand and twice that
when run by power or sailboat.
Most of the soft crabs obtained by the use of the trot-line are
those resulting from the “shedding out” of the female peelers of
the pairs of mating crabs, or ‘‘doublers.”” The male, carrying the
female, seizes the bait and is drawn up, and both are caught. At
nearly all points outside of the region where the scrape is used, it was
found that more than three-fourths of the peelers bemg kept to shed
were females obtained in this way.
All crabs, caught by any of the methods described above, may be
culled in compliance with the laws, as they are brought aboard the
boat. Many crabbers carry a gauge with which to measure the crabs
as they are caught. This consists of a flat piece of wood, something
on the order of aruler. A shallow notch, about one-half inch deep,
is cut in one side. This notch is 3 or 5 inches long, depending on
whether designed to measure soft crabs and peelers or hard crabs.
The former are compared with the 3-inch notch, the latter with the
5. In some cases, those fishing for hard crabs fasten a similar gauge
in the bottom of the net used in taking the crabs off the trot-line.
Thus, at a glance, a crab may be measured fairly accurately as it lies
in the net while being transferred to the barrel in the boat.
HARD CRABS.
Hard crabs are taken by the use of the scrape, the trot-line, and the
dredge. The former two instruments were described above and no
further discussion of their use seems necessary at this point.
Drepce.—The boats (PI. ITI, fig. 1) used in dredging crabs during
the winter season are about 50 to 60 feet in length and equipped with
both engine and sail. The dredge (PI. III, fig. 2) varies from 5 to 7
feet in width and is constructed on much the same plan as the scrape.
It has, however, a row of teeth about 4 inches long on the side which
drags on the bottom. The bag is only about 2 feet in length. The
lower part of it is constructed of iron meshing, the upper of cotton.
Two dredges are operated at atime, one being worked from each side
of the boat. A chain a little over 1 inch in diameter is used to drag
each dredge. The chain passes over a roller on the side of the boat, a
little forward of the center, and around a pulley attached to a stout
post placed upright in the mid line of the boat. Thence the chain
passes down and around a windlassin the hold. For each dredge there
PLATE III.
868.
USSaBoaik.
FIG. 1.—A DREDGE BOAT.
5 I Sa a
=.
Ss
NS
*
‘
.
y
FIG. 2.—A DREDGE USED IN VIRGINIA FOR TAKING HARD CRABS DURING
THE WINTER.
U. S. B. F.—858. PLATE IV.
FIG. 1.—INSPECTING CRABS AS THEY ARE DELIVERED TO A RUN BOAT.
The inspector is seen standing at the left of the barrel, holding a gauge in the right hand.
It is unlawful to catch or market hard crabs less than 5 inches in width. In the back-
ground is seen a trot-line boat ‘‘run’’ by sails.
FIG. 2.—SHEDDING HOUSE,"’ FLOATS, AND ‘‘POUND,”’ OR INCLOSURE IN
WHICH THE FLOATS ARE TIED, CRISFIELD, MD.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 19
is a windlass operated by the engine and controlled from the pilot
house. The dredges are hauled in alternately and their contents
dumped on deck by two men, one working forward and one aft of the
dredge. The dredge is then dropped overboard again. The crabs
are raked from the débris by small hooks or the hands and shoveled
into barrels, any dead individuals or any so badly crushed as to be
unserviceable for cooking being thrown back. As there are no sponge
crabs at this season of the year and since very few of less than 5 inches
in length are caught in the dredges, culling to comply with the law is
a short task. The débris is shoveled overboard. Dredging may be
carried on in water varying in depth from a few feet to upward of
100 feet.
Ten barrels of crabs a day constituted about an average catch of a
dredge boat during the years just previous to the issuance of this
report. From day to day the catch may vary widely, from 1 barrel
or 2 to 50 or more in exceptional cases. A buoy is sometimes left to
mark a spot where the crabs are fairly abundant. They often move
to another region, however, in the course of a few hours.
RUN BOATS AND BUY BOATS.
Scrape boats and dredge boats deliver their own catch directly to
the crab house. They are enabled to do this as they are fairly large
and equipped with sails or power or both. Much of the crabbing,
however, which is done with the dip net and the trot-line, is carried
on in regions so far from any dealer that it is convenient or impos-
sible for the crabber, with his relatively small and often unequipped
boat, to deliver his catch. To meet this difficulty, what are known
as ‘run boats” or ‘“‘buy boats’? buy up the catch at these distant
points and convey it to the crab house. When the boat is owned by
a dealer and its captain is working on a commission, it is referred to
as a “run boat.’”’ When the eaptain is buying crabs on his own
responsibility and selling them where he chooses, it is styled a “ buy
boat.’ These boats are from 40 to 60 feet long and usually are
equipped with both sails and engine. In many cases owners of dredge
boats use their craft as run boats during the summer season. The
run-boat operator usually is allowed 25 cents profit per barrel.
Seventy-five to 100 barrels may be carried on such a boat. Trips
are usually made each day to the desired region, where the boat is
anchored in a cove or the mouth of a river, and the crabbers gather
about and sell their catch from their boats (PI. IV, fig. 1). sup-
ply of bait is kept upon the run boat and this is sold by the pound
to the trot-line crabbers.
As stated above, much of the catch of the western shore of Virginia
is sold to run boats operating from Crisfield or Hampton. There are
very few run boats or buy boats running from any other than these
two places.
PREPARATION FOR MARKET.
A few of the hard crabs are shipped alive in barrels to the large
markets by the individual crabbers. Nearly all of the catch, how-
ever, whether hard or soft, is sold directly or indirectly through the
medium of run boats to crab shippers, ‘‘shedders,”’ or packers. These
20 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
dealers maintain, at points as conveniently located to the crabbers
and to transportation facilities as possible, what are referred to in
general as “crab houses.”
SOFT CRABS.
SoFT-CRAB HOUSES AND FLOATS.—If soft crabs and peelers are
handled, the crab house is known as a ‘“‘shanty,” a ‘‘shedding house,”
or a “‘soft-crab house.” It usually consists of a small wooden build-
ing supported on pilings over the water (Pl. IV, fig. 2). The floats in
which Me peelers are kept are tied to stakes in the water near-by. A
wooden fence or breakwater is often built around the area in which the
floats are tied (PI. IV, fig. 2). At one side of this is erected a sloping
platform on which the floats may be dried. The soft crabs which are
brought in by the crabbers are bought for from 1 to 5 cents apiece
and packed for shipment in the house. The peelers are put into the
floats and left until molting occurs, when the resulting soft crabs are
removed and packed for market in the house. The floats commonly
employed (PI. V, fig. 1) are made of pine or cypress and measure about
4 by 12 feet by 15 inchesin depth. The sides are constructed of laths,
placed vertically, with one-fourth inch spaces between them. The
bottoms are made of 6-inch boards and are continuous. An 8-inch
wing, also of wood, extends around the outside of the float halfway
from the top. This supports the structure evenly on the water.
This style of float is used throughout the Crisfield region and seems
the best adapted to the purpose of any which were observed. At
Oxford, Md., the floats are constructed in a similar manner, but are
longer and are 2 feet in depth. Various other styles of floats are used
at other points on the bay but in no great numbers.
The floats are hauled up on the sloping platform (PI. IV, fig. 2) at
intervals to allow their drying out and the cleaning off of débris and
the sea growths which rapidly form upon them in the warm water
of the summer season. Other floats take their place during this time.
The crabs are sorted into various lots before being put into the
floats. Some floats will contain “green” peelers, which will not shed
for several days; others, those in more advanced stages; and still
others, the “shedding floats,’ will be filled with ‘‘rank” peelers,
that is, crabs which are actually shedding or almost ready to do so.
A crab in which the “back shell’? has cracked loose from the apron
is called a “buster” and will usually complete the process of shedding
within an hour orso. No food is given the crabs while being kept in
the floats, it not being considered practical to feed them for the short
period during which they are kept there. Many crabs die while being
kept in the floats, probably about one-third. The mortality is high-
est during hot weather. It has been suggested that the floats be
shaded, but this has never been tried, as far as could be learned.
A crab when first molted is so soft that it would die very quickly
if shipped. Therefore a few hours are allowed to elapse before it 1s
removed from the float. If not removed for about 48 hours the crab
will have become too hard for commercial use as a soft crab, a tough
leathery shell having formed. Such a crab is called a “buckram.”
Buckrams which are found while crabbing are brought in by the
crabber and sold to be cooked. They are, however, of little value
for such a purpose as their tissues are watery and yield little meat.
U. S. B. F.—868. PLATE V.
FIG. 1.—FLOAT IN WHICH “PEELER’ CRABS (THOSE ABOUT TO SHED) ARE
KEPT UNTIL SHEDDING OCCURS.
TOTS
FIG. 2—“‘FISHING OUT’’ THE SOFT CRABS FROM A FLOAT. THIS IS DONE
ABOUT THREE TIMES A DAY.
USS: B. F.—868. PLATE VI.
FIG. 1—ABOVE—TWO 5-GALLON CANS OF ‘‘LUMP” MEAT READY TO BE
COVERED AND SHIPPED, ICED. BELOW—TRAY OF ‘'PRIME"” (BEST GRADE)
SOFT CRABS.
ee
a ee
ede > ‘ u
Pa
A na
- wy
8
wa RATS rarest 2 hs A
FIG. 2—TRAY OF '‘JUMBO" (LARGEST SIZE) SOFT CRABS.
Compare with man’s hand. Covering of parchment paper and seaweed rolled to the side.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 21
Crab dealers buy to keep the good will of the crabber, who might
otherwise take his catch elsewhere. A direct waste is involved in the
use of buckrams.
The marketable crabs are removed from the floats by the use of a
small hand net (PI. I, fig. 1). As the soft crabs are relatively inactive,
the bag of the net is very shallow, the mesh being often stretched tightly
across the hoop. The crab can then be gently slid from the net into
the box without the crabber being obliged to reach into the net and
remove it with the hand. The floats are examined three or four
times a day and the soft crabs removed, “fished out”’ (PI. V, fig. 2),
and packed for market.
GRADING AND SHIPPING.—Soft crabs are always shipped in the
living state. At the present time none are canned before shipping.
The unit of quotation is the dozen. Four grades are distinguished,
depending on the size. These range from “culls,”’ averaging about 33
inches in width, through ‘“‘medium,” 4 to 43 inches, and “primes,”
5 to 54 inches (PI. VI, fig. 1), to “‘jumbos,”’ 6 to 7 inches (PI. VI, fig. 2).
The primes are the best grade and command the best prices. The size
limits of these grades are not fixed, but vary somewhat with the per-
sonality of the dealer, the exigencies of the catch and the state of
the market. In shipping to some of the markets no separate class
of jumbos is recognized, the large crabs being included in the primes.
This is especially true in the early part of the season when few large
crabs are yet obtainable.
Shallow wooden trays (PI. VII, fig.1) are used for packing the soft
crabs formarket. These vary considerably in size, being usually about
3 or 4 inches deep and 20 by 40 inches in the other dimensions. Each
tray is of sufficient depth to accommodate one layer of crabs. Sea-
weed is spread over the bottom of the tray and the crabs are placed on
it in rows in almost a vertical position (P]. VI, fig. 1), each crab resting
on its apron and lapping over the individual before it. This method
of packing conserves space and the crabs live longer than if lying
flat, since the water does not run out of their gills as readily. A
sheet of parchment paper is placed over them and seaweed and
crushed ice put over this. The paper and the seaweed on it may be
rolled back, as shown in Plate VI, figure 2, to allow the crabs to be exam-
ined. Two or three trays are placed in a crate, the latter being of such
a size that the trays fit neatly one above another without having room
to slip about. There are sometimes strips on the inside of the crate
to support the trays; sometimes each tray rests on the one beneath
it. The crates are of various sizes, the one most commonly used
weighing 80 pounds when packed with crabs, ice, etc. Such a crate
holds on an average 15 dozen prime crabs. The crates are shipped
by express. The percentage of crabs reaching their destination while
alive is very good except in quite hot weather, when a number die.
HARD CRABS.
Harp-craB HousEs.—If the crab house is one at which hard
crabs are handled, it is known as a ‘“‘hard-crab house,” or if the meat
is picked out, as a “‘ picking house”’ in Maryland and a “crab factory”’
in the lower part of the bay. These vary from small wooden
structures to permanent buildings of wood or brick (PI. VII, fig. 2),
and are often well equipped with electricity, plumbing, and office
22 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
rooms. They are placed on a water front and have a wharf at
which the crabs are unloaded from the boats. The apparatus for
cooking the crabs is located either on the wharf or immediately
within the house. Next the cooking room is the largest room in
the building, where the picking is done. Smaller rooms where the
meat is packed, office rooms, etc., usually adjoin.
In case a dealer handles both soft and hard crabs, the packing is
done in a house devoted to both cooking hard crabs and the buying
of soft crabs and peelers. The floats are tied to stakes in the water
near by, in an inclosure such as is shown in Plate IV, figure 8. A board
walk is usually built from the house out over the water to the float
pound. To this are tied the small boats used in fishing out the
crabs from the floats.
Surppinc.—Hard crabs are to some extent shipped alive, packed
with or without ice, in barrels. The large male crabs, called
‘‘Jimmies,”’ are selected especially for such endl Sometimes,
for shipments going only a short distance, twigs or branches with
the leaves still fresh on them are packed about the crabs in the
barrel and no ice used. Peach or fruit baskets are sometimes used
in such cases. The great bulk of the hard-crab catch is steamed or
cooked, the meat picked out and shipped on ice or after canning.
Some cooked crabs are shipped whole on ice, the meat being picked
out at the market.
METHODS OF cooKING.—For cooking, the crabs are usually placed
in circular iron baskets about 3 feet in diameter and 16 inches in
depth (Pl. VIII, fig. 1). The basket is lifted by a hand-operated crane
and lowered into a circular metal tank or ‘‘cooker”’ (Pl. VIII, fig. 1).
This is just large enough in diameter to accommodate the basket and
deep enough to allow two or three baskets at once to be placed therein.
A heavy iron lid is clamped on the cooker and steam passed through
it, usually for about 25 minutes. The crabs are thereby killed and
cooked, their shells being bright red in color when removed.
One firm at Hampton, Va., places the crabs in iron cars about 7
feet long by 2 in width and depth, and rolls these cars on a track
into rectangular, horizontally placed cookers which will hold two
cars at once (Pl. VIII, fig. 2). The cars are made basket fashion of
iron strips.
Various forms of wooden cookers are used also, especially at points
in Maryland (Pl. IX, fig. 1). One of the commonest sorts is simply
a box made of pine boards from 1 to 2 inches thick. The box 1s
usually about 8 feet in length by 4 in width and depth. A grating
made of wooden slats is placed about 4 inches from the bottom of
the box. This holds the crabs up off the bottom and allows the
steam to have free access to them. No baskets are used, the crabs
being dumped directly into the box. Steam is admitted through a
pipe from the boiler, the pipe entering the box near the bottom at
one end. A lid of planks covers the box during the cooking.
Small holes in the bottom allow the escape of the water from the
condensed steam. After the cooking is completed, the box is
turned upon one side by lifting on a wooden bar guna? along the
side, and the crabs dumped out upon the floor of the cooking house.
In some cases there is a door along one side of the box near the
bottom to allow the crabs to be removed without having to turn the
entire box over (Pl. IX, fig. 1). In other cases there are two large
U. S. B. F.—868. : PLATE VII.
FIG. 2—A-CRAB PACKING AND SHIPPING PLANT (“FACTORY”) AT
HAMPTON, VA.
Under the shed are boilers, cookers, iron baskets, etc.; cart removing scrap cn the right;
run boat in the center; trot-line boats on left.
U. S. B. F.—868. PLATE VIII.
—
FIG. 1—IRON COOKER OR “KETTLE,” THE USUAL APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN STEAMING HARD CRABS.
The baskets of crabs are hoisted in and out of the cooker by means of the
crane. The tongs hanging on the upright post are used in picking out
individual living crabs in case any sorting of the catch is desired.
FIG. 2.—CAR OF CRABS READY TO BE RUN INTO A HORIZONTAL IRON COOKER.
Wins Be OS. PLATE IX.
FIG. 1—ONE FORM OF BOX OR WOODEN COOKER, USED AT POINTS IN
MARYLAND.
The crabs are removed by taking out the wedges shown at the ends and thus allowing
the front side of the box to drop forward.
FIG. 2—A BARREL COOKER USED AT ANNAPOLIS.
After cooking, the barrels are lifted by the rope and pulley and swung on a crane over
the picking tables.
U. S. B. F.— 868.
FIG. 1—ONE FORM OF PICKING TABLE, SHOWING COOKED CRABS, PANS
OF MEAT, AND BASKET IN WHICH CRABS ARE CARRIED IN FROM THE
COOKER.
The waste is thrown into the trough at the top and thence pushed out the ends into large
metal cans and dumped onto a barge outside.
FIG. 2.—‘KNOCKING OUT,” OR MAKING THE PRELIMINARY CLEANING OF
THE SHEEES:
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. 23
wooden rockers under the box and two on the side. During the
steaming the box is kept steady by blocks placed under the ends of
the rockers. When these are removed the entire cooker may easily
be rolled over on to the rockers on the side and propped in a sloping
position with the top lower than the bottom. The crabs can then
be removed readily.
Two firms at Annapolis, Md., use cookers made from wooden
barrels (Pl. IX, fig. 2). Two or more barrels are connected with the
steam pipes in ah a way that each may be operated independently.
The pipe enters the side of the barrel (which stands upright) near
the bottom and branches into the form of a U. Numerous openings
along the U permit the exit of the steam. There are small holes in
the bottom of the barrel to allow the water from the condensed
steam to drain out. The crabs are placed directly in the barrels,
no baskets being used. A gunny sack is placed over the top and
on this the barrel lid. <A eee a hand-operated crane admit of the
barrels being lifted independently and swung over the picking
tables, where the crabs are dumped.
PICKING CRAB MEAT.—When the other kinds of cookers are used,
however, the cooked crabs are carried, usually in wire baskets, to
the picking tables. These are of various sorts, one being represented
in Plate X, figure 1. Others consist of a mere flat-topped table of pine
boards or a shelf extending along the wall. The back shells are
first removed and preserved separately. The meat is then ‘ picked”
out from the body of the crab, a sharp-pointed knife being used in
the process. The picking is usually done by women or girls, though
boys and occasionally men are employed. At Virginia points the
pickers are Negroes. In Maryland white pickers as well as colored
are employed, the two races sometimes working together in the same
house. The amount picked out by each person is weighed or
measured at intervals and.an individual score kept, payment usually
being made each Saturday. Payment is made according to the
gallons or pounds of meat prepared. An experienced picker can
prepare from 60 to 70 pounds of meat a day.
The crab meat is divided into three grades, depending on the
region of the body from which it is taken. The three are usually
kept separate by the pickers and quoted separately on the market.
The “‘lump” meat is considered to be the best and commands the
highest price. It consists of the meat from the muscles which
operate the swimming legs, or back fins. The ‘‘white” or “flake”
meat ranks next in value and is made up from the remaining muscles
of the body with the exception of the claws. The ‘‘claw,” as the
meat from the last is known, ranks lowest in price because of its
dark color, though it is considered by many to have the best flavor
of the three grades.
The three kinds of meat are packed separately in tin cans (PI. VI,
fig. 1), with perforations in the bottom, and varying in capacity from 1
pound to 5. The cans of meat are packed in barrels with ice and
phipned by express.
ne gallon of meat weighs 5 pounds. From 3 to 4 gallons of
meat may be picked from 1 barrel of crabs. This depends largely
on the condition of the crabs, whether they are “fat” or poor.”
In the spring and summer, crabs are usually poor; that is, the muscles
160695°—20——16
94 CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY.
are shrunken and the tissues watery and not as much meat will be
yielded. In late summer, fall, and early winter the crabs are fat,
the muscles being full and yielding the best returns.
SHELLS.—The back shells, ‘‘shells”’ being the trade name, are first
‘knocked out”’ (Pl. X, fig. 2); thatis, the portions of the reproductive
organs and liver (both together popularly called “fat’’) which
adhere to the shells are removed, usually by boys. The shells are
then placed in large wire crates or baskets and washed by methods
varying from a mere dip in sea water to a careful cleansing in vats
of hot water (Pl. XI). For drying they are in some cases spread on
shallow trays about 10 feet long by 4 feet wide (Pl. XII, fig. 1),
consisting of a frame of narrow boards with a bottom of chicken-wire
fencing. The trays are arranged in tiers in a shed with open sides
(Pl. XII, fig.1). In other cases the shells are spread, after washing, on
a floor or on a wharf until dry. The shells are used in the prepara-
tion of deviled crabs, a certain number being sent in cartons or
barrels with the shipments of meat.
Cannina.—The canning of the meat is practiced by only two
firms, both located at Hampton. In the case of one of these it is
a very small feature of the business, but in the other case it is the
main part of their trade, the shipping of fresh iced meat being a side
issue. For the es of canning, the methods of cooking and
picking described above obtain. This firm uses the cars for cooking
( Pl. VIII, fig.2). All threegrades of meat arecanned together, the sizes
of the cans ranging from a capacity of from 4 to 16 ounces. The
meat keeps indefinitely, as in the case of other canned products.
The actual methods employed in the canning process are kept secret.
Scrap.—The “scrap” or waste remnants of shell, left after the
meat has been extracted, is sold to fertilizer factories. It is removed
on barges by water (Pl. XII, fig. 2) or by carts on land (PI. VII,
fig. 2). There are several factories, one being located at Bellevue,
d., one at Crisfield, Md., and one on Back River, Va., and others
at various points.
PRICES AND WAGES.
SOFT CRABS.
The prices paid the crabbers and received by shippers vary with
the seasons of the year. The average price received by shippers
at Crisfield, in 1916, was, for primes 80 cents per dozen, highest
$1.15 to $1.25; mediums 55 cents, highest 75 cents; culls 30 cents,
highest 40 cents. In the season of 1917 the crabbers were paid
from 2 to 3 cents apiece for soft crabs and peelers.
HARD CRABS.
The prices paid by the packers vary from about $1 per barrel
during July and August to $4 and even $5 or $6 during February
and March. The barrels, however, are of two sizes, the trot-line
men using slat barrels and the dredgers sugar barrels, the former
holding two-thirds as much as the latter. At Hampton some
dealers buy the crabs by weight, paying the crabbers from 1 to 3
cents a pound. A slat barrel will hold about 110 pounds of crabs,
U. S. B. F.—868. PLATE XI.
FIG. 1—ONE METHOD OF WASHING SHELLS.
FIG. 2—A METHOD OF WASHING SHELLS.
U. S. B. F.—868. PLATE XII.
FIG. 1.—TRAYS OF SHELLS IN THE DRYING SHED, WHICH IS OPEN TO THE
AIR.
FIG. 2—EMPTYING ‘‘SCRAP” OR WASTE UPON A BARGE TO BE TOWED TO
THE FERTILIZER FACTORY.
CRAB INDUSTRY OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. yA5)
a sugar barrel about 165. Crabs are cheaper during the summer
months because of their greater abundance, the greater num-
ber of crabbers, the slackening of the demand for the meat, and
the fact that the trot-line men operate at a much lower expense
than do the dredgers. During the hot weather the fresh meat spoils
more readily and is not handled by as many customers as during the
winter. The heaviest demand for fresh meat is at about the winter
holidays. The demand for the canned meat is not subject to this
peril of decay and is sold wholesale to jobbers at fixed prices through-
out the year.
The prices received for the three grades of iced meat vary, then,
with the seasons, being lowest in the summer and highest in the
winter. A fair average for the year is lump meat $2 per gallon,
white $1, and claw 65 cents. During the winter lump meat sells as
high as $4 a gallon.
Serap is sold to the fertilizer factories at $1 per ton at Hampton.
At Crisfield it is sold at 3 cents per barrow load, this being a unit
rather too elastic to suit the seller in many cases. -
Pickers receive from 3 to 4 cents per pound. Experienced workers
often make as high as $12 to $15 per week, which involves picking
out 60 to 70 pounds of meat a day.
Laborers about the plants receive from $8 to $12 per week. Hands
on the dredge boats receive $7 to $12 per week. Boys are employed
to clean shells at 10 cents per 100 shells.
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THE FLATWORM AS AN ENEMY OF FLORIDA
OYSTERS
By ERNEST DANGLADE
Formerly Field Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries
Appendix V to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
“
THE FLATWORM AS AN ENEMY OF FLORIDA OYSTERS.
By Ernest DanauaDE, Formerly Field Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
INTRODUCTION.
During February, 1917, the Bureau of Fisheries and the Florida
Shell Fish Commission made an investigation of a series of oyster
areas on both the east and west coasts of Florida with regard to a
reported destruction of oysters by a parasite, which later proved to
be a polyclad turbellarian, or flatworm. As early as March, 1916,
Dr. R. E. Coker stated, in unpublished field notes, that a worm,
known locally as the ‘“‘leech,” was reported to occur occasionally on
some of the oyster bars in the vicinity of Tampa, and sometimes to
cause within a very short time an enormous mortality among the
planted oysters, and that the fear of the pest served to deter the
oyster ey from extending the cultivated areas. In the latter
part of December of the same year T. R. Hodges, State shell fish
commissioner of Florida, submitted to the Bureau a number of
oysters, taken from the beds near Cedar Keys, affected with the so-
called “leech.”” The oysters, which had been packed in ice, were
alive when received in Washington, and contained from 2 to 3 flat-
worms each; however, the worms were dead, probably having been
frozen in transit. The attacks of this parasite on oysters in these
two localities, Tampa and Cedar Keys, are the only ones that had
ever come to the attention of the Bureau.
The writer was informed by R. E. Gibson, an oyster dealer and
lanter of Tampa, Fla., that the worms, or so-called ‘‘leeches,” had
es observed attacking the oysters on some of the oyster bars in the
Tampa Bay region at more or less regular intervals during the past
20 years, and particularly during the oyster season 10 years ago.
The worms would disappear entirely from the beds for a period of 2
or 3 years and then reappear, the reoccurrences apparently running
in cycles. Compared with the attack of the season 1916-17, the
previous infestations and mortality were said to have been less
extensive and harmful.
On the east coast of Florida a similar outbreak of the worms was
observed 10 years ago at three or four points on Indian River. The
iaolpel infected localities in that body of water were Indian River
et, Bethel Creek, and Orchid. After a very serious and damaging
attack, from which some oyster bars were practically depleted or
greatly reduced in productivity, the trouble ceased and has not
occurred there since. The oyster bars in the meantime have recov-
ered their normal condition.* It is interesting to note that the de-
struction of oysters by turbellarians was reported by David G. Stead
@ This information was furnished by E. F. McDonald, a practical fisherman of Port Orange, Fla.
3
4 THE FLATWORM AS AN ENEMY OF FLORIDA OYSTERS.
from New South Wales in 1907.2 His notes regarding the discovery
of their injurious effect upon oysters are of interest:
A few years ago I found that this worm was known to a few of the oyster farmers of
Georges River, who had repeatedly observed it amongst oysters on various leases, and
that they distinguished it under the name of ‘‘wafer.”” “As this name appears to be
fairly suitable, I propose for the future to use it in speaking of this worm. Though,
as I say, the wafer has been known to certain lessees, no definite connection between
the oyster and this worm has been shown to exist, and no satisfactory evidence has
been brought forward to show that the latter was to be added to the already long list
of oyster pests. However, in the light of recent evidence, I think it will be found
that this is a pest; thatit is at times to be seriously reckoned with, and that it will be
found to be fairly widespread in our oyster-producing waters.
At the end of July this year [1907], J. W. Swainson, of Georges River, handed to me
for determination a number of examples of the wafer, which, he said, was very plen-
tiful on his leases at that time. No visit was made by me for the purpose of investi-
gating the matter. During the early part of September Fisheries Inspector Latta
brought in a specimen of an oyster (from a lease in the Hawkesbury River) which was
in the last stage of destruction by one of these flatworms, and which contained the
worm itself. This specimen had been handed to Mr. Latta by J. Izzard, who had
stated that the worm was very plentiful on his leases at Bar Island and Pelican Island,
and that apparently it was destroying the oysters. Upon this it was so arranged that
I made a short visit to the locality in question, for the purpose of obtaining more
definite information. At Bar Island I found the wafer present in large numbers, and
some were found actually at work between the valves of the oysters. Large numbers
of gaping shells of oysters only recently killed were to be seen on all hands, while the
same was apparent on Pelican Island (which is submerged at high water). In view
of the very positive evidence obtained at the time, it is only fair to assume that at
least a part of these—if not all, probably a very large percentage—had succumbed to
the attacks of the wafer. I must here point out that although the common oyster
worm (Polydora or Leucodore) was only too abundant on portions of these leases, none
of the recently dead and gaping shells which I examined showed the least sign of its
attacks or of the attacks of the common “Drill” or ‘‘Borer” (Urosalpinx), although I
found the latter (previously unrecognized from this locality) to be fairly plentiful.
It is of interest to mention that at the time of my visit the oysters were all ‘‘opening
very badly”; that is, they were in poor condition and were likely to remain so until
the advent of a freshet in the river.
OCCURRENCE OF THE TURBELLARIAN IN 1916-17.
The distribution of this turbellarian in sufficient abundance to
attract attention from oystermen, during the oyster season, 1916-17,
appears to have been confined to the western coast of Florida, between
Cedar Keys on the north and Tampa Bay on the south, a distance of
about 110 miles. It was stated that the southern limits had probably
extended, at some of the earlier periods, as far south as Cape Sable,
Sra an approximate range of 300 miles.
In the vicinity of Cedar Keys, Port Inglis, and Tampa the greater
number of the oyster bars, especially in the more saline districts,
were infested and had suffered to a greater or less extent. The con-
ditions were so bad that, for a time, the industry appeared to be
seriously threatened. The loss, as reported, ranged from 10 to 20
er cent of the stock on some beds to the destruction of one entire
ar. A planted bed of 35 acres in Tampa Bay was attacked by this
worm and the mature and young oysters alike were said to have
been completely annihilated. The bed had been planted just two
years and ied given promise of excellent returns.
a David G. Stead: Preliminary Note on the Wafer (Leptoplana australis), a Species of Dendrocoelous
Turbellarian Worm, Destructive to Oysters. Department of Fisheries, New South ales, November, 1907;
pp. 1-6. (No other references to turbellarians attacking oysters have come to the writer’s attention.)
THE FLATWORM AS AN ENEMY OF FLORIDA OYSTERS. 4
At Port Inglis and Cedar Keys the destruction during the season
was estimated to be about 30 per cent. One or two localities, how-
ever, revealed a mortality as great as 90 per cent, but the excess
should not be attributed to the turbellarian, since many of the empty
shells or “‘boxes”’ contained spat which had set before the depreda-
tions of the worms had occurred, the mortality of these oysters being
due evidently to other causes. When the devastation was at its
height the affected oysters, as a rule, contained from 1 to 3 worms,
although as many as 8 or 10 are said to have been taken from a single
oyster. During the early part of the season about 100 oysters per
barrel contained worms, but by February, the time of the examina-
tion, the trouble had abated to such an extent that not more than 1
or 2 worms were taken in 20 barrels of stock. It is worthy of remark
that on the Port Inglis and Cedar Keys bars no small oysters were
found or reported containing worms, nor did any of the empty shells
of the small sizes show any malformations indicating that a defensive
struggle had taken place.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FLATWORM.
Although this pest is known to the oyster dealers, planters, and
shuckers of Florida as the “leech,” it is an animal of very different
type, belonging to the branch of wormlike animals called platyhel-
minthes, class turbellaria, and order polycladida.* Since the general
character and habits of this turbellarian compare closely with the
similar pest found in New South Wales, and described by Dr. Stead,
the name “‘wafer”’ would be a more suitable and less misleading one
for common use.
The worm is almost flat, more or less circular in outline, and
measures from about one-half to three-quarters inch in diameter.
It has occasionally been observed, when feeding, to be so distended
that it would cover half the body of the oyster. When disturbed it
usually rolls up into a sort of a tube, the margins then becoming
curled and very irregular. The upper surface is drab to dark-brown
in color, sometimes nearly black, and at times finely stippled with
darker spots; the central portion, posterior to the eyes, is, as a
general thing, of a lighter aad than the remainder of the surface;
when taken from an alcoholic solution and allowed to dry, a whitish
mucus coating is observed. The lower surface is whitish to cream
color. The worm, when removed from the oyster, is soft and slimy,
and on very moderate pressure breaks up or runs into a jellylike
mass, apparently without much structure. When placed in alcohol
of about 75 per cent strength it becomes firm and somewhat leathery.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS.
The turbellarians were found to thrive in only those localities where
the salinity of the water remained comparatively high, and not in
areas where decided changes in density caused by freshets occur at
certain seasons. The temperature is also an important factor in their
activity and even their existence. If the water is chilled considerably
below the normal it may cause their complete disappearance or
a Harry K. Harring, of the Bureau of Standards and custodian of Rotatoria, U. S. National Museum, is
engaged in astudy of the turbellarian, which will probably prove to be a representative of a new genus.
6 THE FLATWORM AS AN ENEMY OF FLORIDA OYSTERS.
perhaps death. During the early part of February, 1917, there was a
decided fall in the temperature throughout the greater portion of the
State and many orange trees, early gardens, and much vegetation
in general were killed; also many small fishes, crabs, and oysters on
the shallower reefs were destroyed. Following this extreme, the
worms practically disappeared from the oyster beds, and relief was
expressed by those engaged in the oyster industry. Just about this
time local rains reduced somewhat the salinity of the water, which
was also an unfavorable condition for the worms.
Speaking of the turbellarian in New South Wales, Stead says:
‘Judging by my present data, they appear to be most plentiful
during dry weather (and particularly while mild or high tempera-
tures prevail), when the water of our estuaries is of greater density.”
Dry, warm weather appears to be the most favorable condition
for this enemy. ‘The months of their greatest activity on the oyster
bars are stated to be August and September, and if the weather con-
tinues warm, October, November, and December may be included.
The character of the oyster bottoms and the depth of water on
the bars or reefs do not appear to have any direct influence on the
depredations committed by the worms, since they were found active
and damaging at all depths and on all kinds of bottoms, such as sand,
firm mud, or shells.
THE ATTACK AND RESULT.
It is not known how the worm gains admission within the valves
of the living oyster, and we were not fortunate enough, while exam-
ining the beds, to obtain any data along this line. Itis probable that
the soft, velvety creature may flatten itself into a very thin wafer-
like form and slowly work its way between the partially opened
valves without producing a reaction on the part of the oyster. Some
oystermen, who have observed the habits of the parasite, are of the
opinion that the entrance is made along the ventral margin or gill
side, about halfway between the hinge and tips rather than at the
tips themselves, since this is near the point where the worm is usually
found. The first reaction of the mantle of an infected oyster takes
place at this mid-portion of the shell. (See figs. 1 and 2.) It is
possible that entrance is made during the larval or immature stage
of the worm, at a time when admission could be more easily gained,
and development completed within the oyster.
* Regarding the method of attack the following remarks are made by
tead:
MetHop oF ATrack.—After gaining an entrance between the valves of the oyster,
the wafer proceeds to wrap itself round the upper part of the oyster, as close to the
great adductor muscle (which so powerfully keeps the two shells shut) as it can get.
It then proceeds to pour out a great amount of thick, stringy, slimy mucus, which per-
haps has the effect of partly digesting the body of the oyster, so as to prepare it for
absorption by the wafer. Certainly in those which have come under my notice, the
adductor muscle, usually the hardest part of the body of the oyster, is, after being
attacked by the wafer, quite soft, although smelling quite fresh.
One aspect of the case which is very puzzling is, as to how the worm gains entry
between the shells of the oyster without the latter ‘“‘closing down’’ on it; as, if it did,
the wafer would surely be nipped in two.
The worm is usually found on the right side of the body of the
oyster, near the heart, between the adductor muscle and the anterior
THE FLATWORM AS AN ENEMY OF FLORIDA OYSTERS. 7
end or hinge. By carefully opening an infested oyster and removing
the right valve, the worm may be observed as a thin sheet, closely
adherent to the meat, and more or less covered with a slimy mucus.
(See fig. 3.) It was stated by the oyster dealer, who was interested
in this subject, that he had found the worms in about the same rela-
tive position mentioned above, but on the reverse side or between
the meat and lower valve, so that it was necessary after taking off
the upper valve to turn the oyster over in order to see the worm.
It was not determined how long the oyster can successfully with-
stand an attack or whether it is able to recover after an invasion.
It is the opinion of some dealers that the oysters are killed within
two or three days, but this is evidently too brief a period, at least for
the majority of cases. An examination of many of the oysters showed
plainly, both in the meats and shells, that a hard, continuous, and
defensive struggle for existence had taken place. The oysters, which
were alive when opened, were poor, watery, and shriveled, to a degree
depending upon the duration of the plague. Being robbed of its
juices and its vitality probably reduced by secretions of the worm,
starvation and death would ultimately follow. Up to this time no
odor of decomposition was observed.
When carefully examined, the meat and shell often reveal the
successive stages of the battle between the feasting turbellarian
and the helpless oyster. With a slow but continued Joss of its life
juices and consequently contracting meat, the mantle gradually
withdraws from the margins, particularly along the ventral side, and
leaves a dark or blackened border or band of shell substance. (See
fig. 4.) As the struggle continues, a thin ridgelike deposit of the
shell substance may form along the gill side about one-half inch from
the edge of the shell, and extend from the hinge to the tips. (See
fig. 5.) At times asecond or inner ridgeis secreted. (See fig. 6.) The
oyster, now being reduced to a smaller space by additional loss of its
juices, has thus accommodated itself to a still smaller shell cavity.
These ridges are doubtless a mechanical consequence of the shrinkage
of the oyster; they indicate that the attack is persisted in and that
considerable time elapses before death ensues. ‘The ridges and other
deposits are composed of regular shell material—calcium carbonate,
and conchiolin; nacreous and crystalline layers are both present.
(See figs. 7 and 8.)
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
1. Although oysters may be able to resist a brief invasion of the
turbellarian, it does not appear that they possess the means to ward
off an assault in harassing numbers, if long continued.
2. After the turbellarian has once gained admission within the
oyster, there appears to be no method of combating the enemy. The
eye ridges deposited by the oyster afford only a temporary
relief.
_ 3. It is recommended that a careful working or cultivation of the
- beds in the infested district be carried on systematically, and that
new, air-dried cultch and fresh seed stock be used when possible.
All marine grasses and other objects under which the turbellarian
a Mr. Williams, Cedar Keys, Fla.
or
8 THE FLATWORM AS AN ENEMY OF FLORIDA OYSTERS.
may secrete itself or deposit its eggs should be removed from the
vicinity of the bars.
4. When it is desired to select a new area for planting and cul-
tivation, it is advisable, other things bein Saaee to choose those
localities where the water has sufficient depth to prevent overheating
in summer, and also where the salinity may not attain too great a
degree, as off affluents.
EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES.
{All figures are two-thirds natural size.] _
Fig. 1. Left valve, showing a thin deposit of shell substance along the ventral margin
from hinge to tips, and covering nearly one-half of the inner surface of the shell. The
deposit had curled and peeled somewhat before the photograph was taken. The shell
isempty. (Taken from Cedar Keys, Fla., Feb. 10, 1917.)
Fig. 2. Both valves, showing the results of the struggle between the oyster and the
worm. Notice the shell deposits, particularly along the ventral margins. Parts of the
meat are still clinging to the shell at the muscle scar. The worm had escaped.
(Taken from Cedar Keys, Fla., Black Point Bars, Feb. 12, 1917.)
Fig. 3. Left valve with the meat, and the turbellarian in position near the adductor
muscle. Notice the shriveled condition of the oyster, and the retreat of the mantle
from the edges of the shell. The worm had contracted to about one-half of its spread-
ing capacity. (Taken from Port Inglis, Fla., Feb. 10, 1917.)
Fig. 4. Left valve with oyster showing the gills. Notice the ‘‘ridges” near the hinge
and along the ventral margin. The oyster was shriveled and dead. The worm had
escaped. (Taken from Port Inglis, Fla., Feb. 10, 1917.)
Fig. 5. Left valve, showing that the space occupied by the oyster was reduced, be-
fore death, about one-half. Notice the ‘‘ridge,’’ beginning at the dorsal margin, then
crossing adjacent to the hinge to the opposite side and extending to the tips. (Taken
from Cedar Keys, Fla., Feb. 10, 1917.)
Fig. 6. Left valve, showing the reduced space occupied by the oyster just previous
to death. Notice the two ‘‘ridges” or successive stages of retreat along the ventral
margin, and the spreading out or fan-like condition at the tips. (Taken from Cedar
Keys, Fla., Feb. 10, 1917.)
Fig. 7. Both valves, showing shell deposits of conchiolin and calcium carbonate.
(Taken from Cedar Keys, Fla., Black Point Bars, Feb. 12, 1917.)
Fig. 8. Both valves, showing deposits of conchiolin and calcium carbonate. (Taken
from Cedar Keys, Fla., Black Point Bars, Feb. 12, 1917.)
U.S. B. F.—Doc. 869. PPA EW.
OYSTERS AND SHELLS, SHOWING THE RESULTS OF ATTACK BY FLATWORMS.
U.S. B. F.—Doc. 869. PEATIERINS
EMPTY SHELLS OF OYSTERS, SHOWING MALFORMATIONS RESULTING FROM
ATTACKS BY FLATWORMS UPON THE LIVING OYSTER.
TWO SPECIES OF MENHADEN OCCURRING ON
THE COAST OF NORTH CAROLINA
By SAMUEL F. HILDEBRAND
Superintendent, U. S. Fisheries Biological Station
Key West, Fla.
Appendix VI to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
TWO SPECIES OF MENHADEN OCCURRING ON THE COAST OF
NORTH CAROLINA. .
By SAMUEL F’, HILDEBRAND,
Superintendent, U. S. Fisheries Biological Station, Key West, Fla.
The relationship of the species or varieties of menhaden occurring
on the Atlantic coast of America has been for many years a subject
of conjecture among ichthyologists. The most accurate account yet
available appears to be the one published in the fifth annual report
of the U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. Subsequent writ-
ers contribute little to our knowledge of the affinities of the various
forms which have been noticed. In order to definitely determine
their true relationship, the study of a very large series of specimens
from various localities throughout the range of the genus will be
necessary. Such a study, augmented by field observations, would be
very helpful.
The purpose of the present paper is to contribute in a small way to
our knowledge of the menhaden by showing the affinities, as revealed
by structural characters and habits, of two forms which have been
noticed at Beaufort, N. C., but which have not been distinguished by
writers.’ One of the these forms is doubtless the typical Brevoortia
tyrannus (Latrobe), as understood by recent writers. The other form
differs from the typical one so essentially, both in form and in habits,
that it should be regarded as a distinct species. The writer refers this
species somewhat doubtfully to Brevoortia aureus (Agassiz), for, as
already indicated, we can not be certain of the true relationship of
the several forms, variously regarded as species, subspecies, or varie-
ties, until a more thorough study is made of the genus. The addi-
tion of another name at this time would probably only add to the
confusion. .
The description of the “ fatback” is based on a very large series
of specimens collected at various seasons in the vicinity of Beaufort,
N. C. The “ yellow-fin shad” is described from mature specimens
only, since the young have not been observed.
BREVOORTIA TYRANNUS (Latrobe).
Head, 2.98 to 3.3 in length of body to base of caudal fin; depth, 2.6 to 2.95;
dorsal rays, 18 to 20; anal rays, 20 to 23; scales, in 47 to 54 oblique series along
tae of side from posterior margin of opercle to base of caudal fin; vertebre,
18+30.
* The natural and economical history of the American menhaden, by G. Brown Goode.
Appendix to Report of U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, pp. 1-529, 31 pls.
Washington, 1879.
>T am indebted to Ed. Simpson and Arthur Newkirk, local fishermen, for first calling
my attention to the different habits of the two species discussed in the present paper.
9
v
4 TWO SPECIES OF MENHADEN.
Body, oblong, compressed, rather robust ; the back, moderately elevated, rather
broad; the ventral outline, anteriorly slightly more convex than the dorsal pro-
file; head, large, rather low, its depth at margin of preopercle less than Its
length ; snout, rather short, 3.86 to 5.14 in head; eye, 3.25 to 5.27; mouth, large,
oblique; maxillary, broad, reaching vertical from posterior margin of pupil,
2.12 to 2.44 in head; opercle and preopercle, with prominent radiating striations ;
gill-rakers, very long and slender, numerous, close-set; teeth, absent; scales,
large, broad, rather regularly placed, not greatly reduced on caudal peduncle,
strongly pectinate in adult, less so in young, the serrations very long and
sharply pointed, with evident grooves between them at base; ventral scutes,
prominent, 31 to 33 in number.
Dorsal fin, somewhat elevated anteriorly, with a low sheath of scales at base;
caudal fin, deeply forked, the lobes a little shorter than head; anal fin, low, its
base slightly longer than that of dorsal; ventral fins, small, scarcely longer
than snout; pectoral fins, moderate, 1.62 to 2.17 in head.
Color of back, dark green to bluish; sides, brassy; a round black humeral
spot present, a variable number of smaller black spots behind it; fins mostly
pale yellow, some of them often more or less punctulate with dusky.
This is the most abundant fish in the vicinity of Beaufort, where
it is taken in large quantities, supplying eight factories which reduce
it to oil and fertilizer (fish scrap). It is a migratory species, running
in schools. Single schools ample to load a large fishing schooner are
not infrequent. Large schools seldom enter the harbor, but small
schools are common within the harbor. The species occurs at Beau-
fort throughout the warmer part of the year, but it is not always
equally abundant. There is usually a period late in the spring, one
in midsummer, and another late in the fall when large schools pass by.
It is during these “runs,” generally known as the spring, summer,
and fall runs, that the fish are taken in large quantities. The fall run
is, however, by far the most important one, as at this time the fish are
not only much more abundant than during the other runs, but they
are also usually bigger and fatter, therefore yielding more oil. Large,
fat fish occasionally yield as much as 16 gallons of oil per 1,000 fish,
the average for the fall fish being about 8 gallons per 1,000.2
This fish has long been used to a limited extent as food by the people
of Beaufort and vicinity, but it is only within recent years that its
use has become quite general. It is now the custom with a consider-
able proportion of the population to salt a quantity of menhaden each
fall for winter use. It is, however, not yet marketable for other than
local consumption. Since the fish is thoroughly wholesome, either
in the fresh, salted, or smoked state, it is hoped that people of other
communities, and particularly those living inland, will also soon learn
to eat it and avail themselves of an abundant food supply. Ex-
periments conducted by the writer show that the species when prop-
erly processed makes a palatable canned product.
The spawning habits of this fish are still imperfectly known. Men-
haden heavy with roe are taken at Beaufort during the latter part
of October and during November, and it is altogether probable that
the eggs are pelagic and are deposited while the fish is on its south-
ward migration. The smallest juveniles observed by the writer dur-
ing several years collecting measured 50 mm. in length. Fish of this
size are not infrequent in the harbor during May and June. They
grow rapidly, reaching a length of about 95 mm. by the 1st of October.
The full-sized menhaden is 300 to 350 mm. in length and is seen at
Beaufort only during the fall.
«This information was offered by Charles P. Dey, a fertilizer manufacturer of intelli-
gence and large experience.
TWO SPECIES OF MENHADEN.
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Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe).
TWO SPECIES OF MENHADEN.
Brevoortia aureus (Agassiz).
U. S. B. F.—Doc. 871. PLATE I.
FIG. 1—SCALE OF B. TYRANNUS, TAKEN FROM BELOW ORIGIN OF DORSAL
AND A LITTLE ABOVE THE MEDIAN LINE OF THE SIDE. X 10.4.
FIG. 2—SCALE OF B. AUREUS, TAKEN FROM IDENTICAL POSITION
ON FISH AS IN FIG. 1, AND FROM A SPECIMEN OF THE SAME
LENGTH. X 10.4,
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TWO SPECIES OF MENHADEN. 7
The menhaden feeds on floating plankton, which it is well able to
obtain from the water through the mouth with its highly specialized
gill-rakers. While the fish are feeding they perform characteristic
whirling movements by means of which the fishermen are able to
sight the schools.
This species is known by many names, viz, menhaden, bugfish, shad,
oldwife, alewife, yellowtail, fatback, etc. Menhaden is the name
most widely used throughout the range of the species, but at Beau-
fort it is nearly always called fatback. This name is in allusion to
the broad back and the layer of fat which hes underneath the skin
along the dorsal region.
BREVOORTIA AUREUS (Agassiz).
Head, 3.1 to 3.5 in length of body to base of caudal fin; depth, 2.25 to 2.7;
dorsal rays, 17 or 18; anal rays, 21 to 22; scales, in 63 to 73 oblique series
along middle of side from posterior margin of opercle to base of caudal fin;
vertebree, 7+39.
Body, deep, strongly compressed; the back rather strongly elevated; the
ventral outline, anteriorly notably more strongly convex than the dorsal pro-
file; head, short and deep, its depth at margin of preopercle equal to its length ;
snout, short, 3.45 to 4.23 in head; eye, 3.75 to 4.85; mouth, large, oblique; maxil-
lary, broad, reaching slightly past vertical from middle of eye, 2.15 to 2.22 in
head; opercle and preopercle, with very feeble striations; gill-rakers, very long
and slender, numerous, close-set; teeth, absent; scales, small, ctenoid, very
irregularly placed, at least along the back, much reduced on caudal peduncle,
the serrations blunt, finger-shaped, without evident grooves at base; ventral
scutes, well developed, about 32 in number.
Dorsal fin, somewhat elevated anteriorly, with a low sheath of scales at base ;
caudal fin, deeply forked, the lobes of about equal length, longer than head;
anal fin, low, its base a little longer than that of the dorsal; ventral fins, small,
a little longer than snout; pectoral fins, moderate, 1.47 to 1.62 in head.
Color of back, bluish-green; sides, silvery; a large black humeral spot
present, no smaller black spots behind it; fins, all golden.
The “ yellow-fin shad” is much Jess abundant than the fatback. It
is not known to school, but is taken within the harbor throughout
the summer, usually only a few at a time. It inhabits the deeper
waters and, unlike the fatback, is a vigorous swimmer and fights
bravely when captured. When taken in a net it runs here and there,
striking the net with great force, and if an avenue for escape is any-
where open it is almost sure to find it. By this habit it may at once
be distinguished from the fatback, which is a sluggish species, offering
feeble resistence when captured, usually striking the net a single time
and remaining where it comes in contact with the web while it is
being hauled in.
This fish, although not taken in sufficient quantity to be of much
economic importance, has been marketable at Beaufort for many
years. The fishermen call it the “ yellow-fin shad” and say that it
has a better flavor and fewer bones than the fatback. The only differ-
ence the writer was able to detect, however, is that the meat of the
present species appears to be a little less oily.
The spawning habits of this fish are unknown. Only adult fish,
ranging from 250 to 330 mm. in length, have been observed. The
writer during nearly three years of persistent efforts was unable to
find the young or any definite clue to the spawning habits. Large
fish, 300 mm. and more in length, may be obtained within the harbor
throughout the summer, but fatbacks of this size, as already stated,
are obtainable only during the fall.
8 TWO SPECIES OF MENHADEN.
The yellow-fin shad feeds on microscopic organisms, but it does
not appear to feed at the surface as does the fatback.
The following comparison of the two species described above, basea
on specimens of like size, will aid in showing their relationship:
BREVOORTIA TYRANNUS.
Body, elongate, robust; depth in
length for 10 specimens, 2.6 to 3; aver-
age 2.85.
Vertebrie, 18+30.
Head, long and low, its depth at mar-
gin of preopercle less than its total
length; head in body for 10 specimens,
2.89 to 3.3; average 3.07.
Radiating striations on opercle and
preopercle strongly developed. Scales
larger, with long, slender, finely-pointed
serrations in adult, evident grooves on
margin of scale between the bases of
serrations (PI. I, fig.1) ; rows of scales
rather regularly placed, 47 to 54 oblique
series along middle of side from margin
of opercle to base of caudal; scales not
greatly reduced on caudal peduncle.
Caudal fin of moderate length, the
lobes shorter than head.
A variable number of small black
spots on side behind humeral spot; fins
mostly pale yellow, more or less punc-
tulate with dusky.
Body constantly with a dense coat of
mucus.
BREVOORTIA AUREUS.
Body, deeper, less robust; sides less
convex; depth in length for 10 speci-
mens, 2.45 to 2.7; average 2.55.
Vertebre, 7+39.
Head, short and deep, its depth at
margin of preopercle equal to its total
length; head in body for 10 specimens,
3.1 to 3.4; average 3.3.
Radiating striations on opercle and
preopercle feebly developed. Seales
smaller, with rather short and blunt
serrations, no evident grooves on mar-
gin of scales between the bases of ser-
rations (Pl. I, fig. 2); rows of scales
very irregularly placed, 63 to 73 oblique
series from margin of opercle to base
of caudal; scales much reduced on
caudal peduncle.
Caudal fin long, the lobes longer than
head.
No small black spots on side behind
humeral spot; fins all bright golden.
Body almost wholly void of mucus.
ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES
IN 1918
By Warp T. Bower
Agent, Alaska Service
Appendix VII to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
Regular employees, Alaska service. ..-..
FISHERY
Waters closed to commercial fishing. - - -
Stream improvement...-...........-.-
Siream watchmen. ...:..:22222552522:
Alaska fishery intelligence service. . - --
Prauronpoats.2.)sisoll:s5e<kse5sc3242°
Violations of laws and regulations. ... . .
Termtonal license tax . .... 2. <2. -.<5=50-
Canadian-A merican Fishery Conference. -
United States Food Administration
Inquiry by Federal Trade Commission -
Waiving of Alaska eight-hour law
Suspension of navigation laws
Wood River census...-.......-----.---
Afognak Reservation..............-.---
Annette Island Fishery Reserve. ....--
aes oes ae
lopper River fishe
elncn eee, sedgdsnsdssseise2:
Extent of operations. ......------.-
Hatchery rebates. .........-------
Hatchery inspection. ........-----
Hatchery operations........-------
McDonald Lake............---
Salmon industry
Salmon catch and forms of gear.....
Salmon canning............-------
New canneries.........-.------
Changes in canneries.......-.--
Canneries operated in 1918.....
Dtalistless +. 252 22scs2tecee0%42
INDUSTRIES.
i i a a a
Simla atoll ee) ele a) Sa ee ae, oe = aloo eae) eae) oe
el al onl Nan Cit eal el shes Cm | a) enh al; as fash es, ie] we a ne ee
Cee bia te wn ala ae Sa ies = = i= e.8 2 ele «ss om ales alse
Losses and disasters in the salmon-canning industry. ......-.-......-
Mild curing of salmon...........-..
Salmon pickling. ..-.......-.-..--
Salmon freezing............-.-----
Fresh-salmon trade.......-.------
Dry salting of salmon.........--.--
Drying and smoking of salmon....-
Salmon by-products......-....----
Halibut fishe
Die MANAR Gos occs tceaane terete es;
Weeeliishery= 5. 22s022//225:22922-
Shore stations. ../s...02-05 005-502. -
i
4 CONTENTS.
Page.
Glam ‘fishery ; =.= 5-2 0=-s2seeceee se tne oe 2 = 2 ce oe ce ee 65
Minor fisheries.....<.....c.sss-s eee ae SAEED De eee 66
Trout... 2.425 5csesen seeps + be 6 Ss clas eRe 66
Sablefish:. .<-.22<.secic 2eees 2s ap cictinmsgiemeeic/s 4 Sane eee er 67
Red tocktish -z..)- 555202. so Sec cnc a. facnks sheets aaa er 67
CHADS. oe seine on de cigsin seta = EP PER SEO eee oe ee eee 67
ShHMps..2. 225i ose Se ee oc bles sone eee see eee ee 67
Miscellaneous fishery products:...-:- 5.2.0.2 < Jxaeneten wee eee PPPS 67
MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS.
Wield Work ore ees wSa ond os ons den cenwhlor ace seems Ree ee ee eee ee 68
Pierulations oc. oon oe oe 2 eee ose s onl t em abe Bebe eee Bees 68
Violations of regulations and seizures of skins................------.----- 69
Sales of sermed SINS. 225. oi. cost e coe cae ood eases oes asts Been 71
ar Tarn see ios son ew we Scien es ok sao 2s ee age aes ae 71
EHipment of tursarom Alaska 1.52.25 k 2 ot stk hoes nee cwncs nein eoanene | eee 74
Leasing of islands for fur farmimp:.- .......< 22-52. cewseateoncs ince seeet eee 76
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.
Pribtlof Islands. 2. 2. - 2.5. osecesmesae sone) + eee > aa aoen Boe eee 77
General administrative Work... 2....02 csc si04.2> seat ener anaes ee eee 77
Personnel - sock Sickie se ain ee pcie eraled wise 0 o5 2 ac SBR tent tae ee 77
Purchase and transportation of supplies... -.-.....-.-i.52. 2 -emaeee eee 78
Buildings, water supply, ‘and roads. -.°--.2<..\---- se-aseeeeest pace? ee 79
Steam erwtoosevelt <x. < -ni-'=,c\cr.</sraichaeriein sae ee ies See eee ate ae 80
Power Weiter oo). occa ain wan enn ce ooo one - eege eE 82
Installation: ofelectric lights. ......<.02. 2 .e.26oe Jewels eee 82
Use Of atito truckss 262 je oa cae socio eeecolan tee cew eee kek. eee eee 83
By-products plant oo oe caf ns asinine sie wenn = 3, Salen ee 83
Collections of old seal and sea-lion bones. ......-.---------------------- 84
Natives of the Pribilof Islands. 225. 25.055... 2-4-2522.) aeteotet eee saee 84
Health conditions. ~ oo) o.esjeognstecma cn eae hale ee eee) Gamers 84
CDOOIS. oo om ecb cls a alhcres ciele ceases ee ine cl eee eet renee 85
Attendance at Salem Indian Training School, Chemawa, Oreg. ...--- 88
Motion PIC HIPS .2.2 se 2 eae ceienees <4 sc ccec eet oes cn 89
DAVINCSACCOUMEA, «6 Sx elnia oc0 esc on ene ee en eae eee 89
Tsberty Bonds. 2% sac con oa eee h hoa niec 3s oe eras nee Oe 90
Division of sealing fund in J918 . . 0). 2s <2 2 oem nn esos as SEE 91
CONSUS. 2.0 sctinje cme, wre Shea lo een 0)5)=, ce RE se ae ee En eee 92
Mur-sealiberd. fac sc c.ccinioenn a niminye's «sana or ce tee cha ee oe Se 93
Quotes jor kitling. 2). 0025.2... 2.055. 5 epee he aoe Beek UP Bee 93
Kallmesobpeals: 2.2% Je «eeu oii 2S aicie, cit twine eee ne. 5 = Se eee 93
Branded seals'and ace standards. :-..) 20... .- 2... 1. pe beeenactee ge ~ 95
Age classification of seals dolled .: =... 5-23... ns oes re eee 96
Classification of sealskins for the trade....-..-.--------- Lecniya gineee ns 97
CONBUS. a. oie a 2 5)2.55 oom w cininte mien seine Ses nie eee ee 98
Specimens of fur seals for scientific purposes. ...-....-.------------- 98
Death of fur seals:at aquarium. . >. - 2. --<=- .-2- >see asta-eeees teh 99
PORCH cas a aitiwniae teiain ow areal eejere a ne oe were ons ae Nine es er 99
Seasom of IOV -18 22606 sct wees es Seclas meee sao oe er a 99
Payments to natives. a. ..si.2 oe. ee eee tenn <n 2 See Se 103
Season Of JOUS—19 i. oo. Soles ace nie a'a se ee ei icin a = = pee Sys mee 104
Rend G6? «6.0006 suis one aie. ain's 0a asm - oo ee as $o-co tome aoee ae 104
Bards. ss sjcio.0,cibin.clcnwle’e wie erayalecstese orca a Se Ere Serene eae eae 105
Check list of birds of the Pribiloi Islands -- -. -.--2---<-.,-- esac 105
Doga prohibited .. < <.a<:5 soo Sieeeeme mn E serine = vein een ae 107
Hradio Stations’ ov. thee ccdens cp adoeore seen e eee eeee = ae ee 107
Patrol of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea........--.----------------- 108
Sealine privileces accorded Aborieimes. 5... 5.008 e mance epee s,--REee SE 108
Shipment of skins from Pribilof Islands in 1918. .........-.2..<-+-++-+--+--- 108
pales ofiur-seal skims. .-.:.5...2!.0-scee, -coee ee ee ae tt. 2 2 3 on ee eee 110
Grades and comparative values of sealskins. ........--------------++--+--084. 113
Pur-seal skins on hand December 31, 1918. . 2.20 --...---<--~--- 22 -0- epee 114
Bale OU lO BANS esc cos oc ce ccc sao cic ee eee ee eee ee. eee 114
CONTENTS. 5
FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918.
Page
Repo el 5 COUSUA: ss... =. a cee ante lena ss ===. aa aero 116
POM ee eee Selo e Gene ee pene o: 615.5 50 o eee ee 4 as ape eee 116
SOLS TNE G0 is bee ee pe oc oS Seen aa eee ea Se 9 118
Chartsior Dreedine areas: a saete esate wane o> oia\ci clones < ~~ nn s «eel 119
toes Of COWS OU Is ANE ste eee tetas emicisis(oe ia 5 =) = 22 =o a mi natanniotas 119
Torrisi plrod ite Seales ies tee lee ene ieee ntti Saale 2a aise = <5 a= mela 120
[NTE AERO) Ft GN ps Rap ec A SAE eS Se ee eee 120
POEHOE COWH: so - acne etee eats iat eee ee iia tm = = == Se aes ee 121
[ge Tinie (VI SP GR es eS 28 Be OE ie LE eer 122
PTE SLUTS eA eae ca RE ONE OO St ES et a 123
Sooo a] uisu] PVs ee LS RS ie SRR RA RH Se SIS en 125
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PLATE I.
‘VASVIV TVYLNSO 'AYANNVOD NOW 1VS
ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
By Warp T. Bower, Agent, Alaska Service.
INTRODUCTION.
The work of the Bureau of Fisheries in Alaska falls under certain
main heads, which may be stated as follows: Enforcement of the
laws and regulations for the protection of the fisheries and fur-
bearing animals; administration of the Pribilof Islands Reservation,
and matters incidental thereto; the collection of statistics and the
dissemination of information regarding the fisheries; the making of
certain scientific investigations, chiefly in regard to the life history
of the salmon and in connection with the fur-seal herd; and the con-
duct of fish-cultural operations.
The work of the Alaska service in regard to the fisheries and fur-
bearing animals has been devoted in considerable measure to the
enforcement of the laws and regulations. The patrol of the fishing
districts was extended by the charter of several small power boats and
the employment of a number of men temporarily as stream watchmen
in the central and southeastern sections. The census of red salmon
ascending Wood River was again taken, and the private hatcheries
were inspected. Work was continued in the opening up of streams for
the spawning of salmon.
Three formal hearings were held at Seattle in regard to fishery
operations in the streams of southeastern Alaska, in the Copper River,
and in the Yukon River, and as a result formal orders were issued
Imposing restrictions on operations. Detailed statistics were as-
sembled covering practically all features of the varied fishery indus-
tries me Territory. Statistics of the shipments of furs were also
compiled.
The work in connection with the Pribilof Islands expanded greatly
in 1918 with the resumption of commercial killing of seals. A number
of natives were secured from Unalaska to aid in the work, and tempo-
rary assistants were employed for sealing operations and general
construction and repair work on the islands. Necessary transporta-
tion of supplies and products was furnished by the Bureau’s steamer
Roosevelt, together with some cooperative assistance by the Navy
Department. Fur-seal skins and fox skins were taken and preserved
asusual. A by-products plant was erected on St. Paul Island for the
conversion of seal carcasses into oil and fertilizer. Cold-storage
facilities were planned, and the general administration of the natives’
affairs was carried on. A census of the fur-seal herd was taken as
heretofore. Two sales of fur-seal skins and one of fox skins were held
during the year at St. Louis, Mo.
Acknowledgement is made of valuable aid in the preparation of this
report by Assistant Agent E. M. Ball, who compiled the statistics of
the fisheries and prepared much of the accompanying text. Dr.
G. Dallas Hanna assisted in the preparation of items regarding the
Pribilof Islands.
7
8 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
REGULAR EMPLOYEES, ALASKA SERVICE.
During the year 1918, the following regular employees have been
identified with the Alaska service of the Bureau:
REGULAR EMPLOYEES IDENTIFIED WITH THE ALASKA SERVICE IN 1918.
Name. Position. Headquarters or chief place of duty.
Ward T. Bower......... Chief agent...... ap Rea sen sace! Washington, D. C.
Edward M. Ball......... Assistant agent...........--- Kodiak.
Harry J. Christoffers. ...]...-. dot sz bee eceeeeees Seattle.
Ernest _P. Walker ......- Inspector....... weeccceeeeees Wrangell.
James H. Lyman....... Assistant agent............-- fora (Resigned Jan. 9, 1918, for military
uty.
Calvin F. Townsend....]..... Goss Lee sicea ces eeeeee shee (Promoted Dec. 16, 1918, from
warden.
Harry C. Fassett. ..| Agent and caretaker.. St. Paul Island.
IAS He Proctonen cence wae leee ee GOs. saee eae St. George Island.
Henry D. Aller.... -| Storekeeper. ..........0- .| Washington, D. C., and St. George Island.
(Transferred July 10, 1918, from assistant.)
G. DallasiMannaee. oe s5-lene ee doses 052 St. Paul Island.
William T. Miles........ Physician. St. George Island. (Resigned July 20, 1918.)
William B. Hunter......|...-.do... St. PaulIsland. (Resigned Aug. 31, 1918.)
Charles E. Johnson......|.....d0... St. George Island. (Appointed July 21, 1918.)
Henry H. Stromberger. .|.-..-- Go:ts2 524 St. PaulTIsland. (Appointed Sept. 1, 1918.)
Arnold C. Reynolds. .... Assistant agent............-- St. Paul Island. (Promoted Mar. 1, 1918, from
peaout eee St. George Island. Died Nov.
George Haley........... School teacher...... ACteooeae St. Paul Island.
Cora Giles Haley. 2232 -2|=-2 55 GO ee eee seence Do.
CharlesiE# Cromptonice ie (dO: Seen cccceceseencsunen St. Gece islont (Promoted Mar. 1, 1918, from
warden.
RrediHaGraya-t-cscscs- Warden: J.5<...<tcedec scene] Wrangell:
Shirley A. Baker........|....- (3 (oe A eee are | ee pais (Resigned Oct. 14, 1918, for military
uty.
Christian L. Larson.....|..-.- GOsteeaseet2ee acoeeates Chicken
Henry C. Scudder.......|....- GOS. cS ccbasncetecceeseaee ae (Resigned July 8, 1918, for military
uty.
Jesse Iss Neville epee eens lee ces dO: = 3.0 cesar Be Saeceenee Wrangell, (Resigned Dee. 31, 1917.)
Lemuel G. Wingard..... Eee Ons oe eeacee ane eanecmee Cordova. (Appointed May 5, 1918.)
Elmer B. Mitchell....... doessOsenpwsct secsoacece ees Wave ‘ uaa July 25,1918. Resigned
ov. 30, :
Michael J. O’Connor....|....- oso saaece toate eee Haines. (Appointed Sept. 1, 1918.)
ans Bierd=sesseee sence Master steamer Roosevelt.-..| Seattle.
Edwin Hofstad......... Master steamer Osprey -.---- Wrangell.
Albert K. Brown........ Clorkict see ee eae eee Washington, D. C.
Many iS: Plaines scccns ss e|s-ne- G (CREB MSA SA Bocereoce senae Do.
Walliam’ PS Rasini <2 55222|-225- COMER thee tees Do.
Marguerite McBride.....|....- GO ses aces eae t eee Washington, D.C. (Appointed Jan. 17, 1918.)
Maine (Bel sesie eens panes Oo Fe eee Cee Seattle.
Gladys M. Gamlen......|..... Gos es esas) Seattle. (Appointed Oct. 4, 1918.)
REGULAR EMPLOYEES AT GOVERNMENT HATCHERIES IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Name and location. Position.
Afognak:
dwin Wentworth...-...-- Superintendent.
G. C. Robertson.........-- Foreman, nse July 31, 1918, to foreman, Clackamas, Oreg.)
Harry J. Heuver.......-.-- Foreman. (Promoted Aug. 1, 1918, from fish-culturist, Nashua, N. H.)
Russell Noyes. .......----- Fish-culturist. (Promoted Jan. 16, 1918, from apprentice fish-culturist,
same station.) fi
Web Sullivante..ceesss-- a rae (Transferred Oct. 31, 1918, to fish-culturist, Baker Lake,
ash.
Fred RR. Lucas:..--.-2-2-ce Fish-culturist. (Promoted Jan. 1, 1918, from apprentice fish-culturist,
Puget Sound stations. Promoted Nov. 16, 1918, from apprentice fish-
culturist, same station.)
Albert L. Carlton........-.- Apprentice fish-culturist. (Promoted Jan. 16, 1918, from apprentice fish-
culturist, Puget Sound stations.)
Alfred Nelson .....<2-~s-=s2- Apprentice fish-culturist.
age Stewart. fis... .082222 Cook.
McDonald Lake:
Charles B. Grater.......... et hare (Transferred Oct. 15, 1918, to superintendent, Lead-
ville, Colo.
CHE WanvAttecscn bess. Superintendent. (Promoted Oct. 16, 1918, from foreman, same station.)
Calvin D. Ryan.........-- Foreman. (Promoted Oct. 16, 1918, from fish-culturist, Baker Lake,
Wash.)
INTRODUCTION. 9
REGULAR EMPLOYEES AT GOVERNMENT HATCHERIES IN ALASKA—Continued.
Name and location. Position.
McDonald Lake—Continued.
Kenneth P. Hutton.......| Fish-culturist. (Transferred June 30, 1918, to assistant car messenger.)
GoNe Blystadeassssee oes Fish-culturist. (Promoted Aug. 16, 1918, from apprentice fish-culturist,
same station.)
Jee PIOTnO ye Samoan eee Fish-culturist.
Harry E. Leuenberger...-- Apprentice fish-culturist. (Promoted Feb. 16, 1918, from apprentice fish-
ee Baker Lake, Wash. Resigned May 31, 1918, for military
uty.)
William A. Cagle.........- Apprentice fish-culturist. (Promoted Aug. 1, 1918, from apprentice fish-
culturist, Manchester, Lowa.)
Clarence B. Rivers...-..---- Apprentice fish-culturist. (Resigned May 31, 1918, for military service.)
Gliveils Henry 325 .5--5- Apprentice fish-culturist. (Promoted Aug. 1, 1918, from apprentice fish-
culturist, Clackamas, Oreg. Resigned Sept. 30, 1918, for military duty.)
Edwin F, Anderson ..-..-.. Se fish-culturist. (Appointed Oct. 1, 1918. Resigned Nov. 20,
1918.
Ma Tierneynnceae- <2 | Cook.
Record is hereby made of the regular employees of the Alaska
service who entered upon military duty during the year.
James H. Lyman, formerly assistant agent in the Alaska service,
resigned January 9, 1918, to enlist in the aeronautical service. After
several months at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Tex., Mr. Lyman was
transferred to the Three hundred and twelfth Aero Squadron at
Bolling Field, near Washington. He was later transferred to the
Motor Transport Corps and on September 24 was commissioned as
a second lieutenant.
Henry C. Scudder, warden in the Alaska service, resigned July 8
to enter military service. He was first stationed at Camp Lewis,
Wash., and was subsequently sent to the officers’ artillery traming
camp at Camp Taylor, Ky., where he had about completed the
course when the armistice was signed November 11. Soon there-
after he was discharged from the Army, and on January 1, 1919,
was reinstated in the position of warden at an increased salary.
Shirley A. Baker, warden in the Alaska service, resigned October
14 to enter military service. He was sent to Camp Lewis, Wash.,
where he was in training at the cessation of hostilities. He was
later discharged from the Army and reentered the service of the
Bureau on February 20, 1919, resuming his former position as warden
in charge of the work in the Bristol Bay district.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES.
The Territory of Alaska is divided for the purposes of this report
into three coastal geographic sections generally recognized as follows:
Southeast Alaska, embracing all that narrow strip of mainland and
the numerous adjacent islands from Portland Canal northwestward
to and including Yakutat Bay; central Alaska, the region on the
Pacific from Yakutat Bay westward, including Prince William Sound,
Cook Inlet, Chignik, and Ikatan Bay; and western Alaska, the shores
of Bering Sea and Kotzebue Sound, and the territory drained by
rivers tributary thereto.
Detailed reports and statistical tables dealing with the various
fishery industries are presented herewith, and there are also given
the important features of certain subjects which were the object of
special investigation or inquiry.
WATERS CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL FISHING.
Section 6 of the act approved June 26, 1906, for the protection
and regulation of the fisheries of Alaska, is as follows:
Src. 6. That the Secretary of Commerce may, in his discretion, set aside any
streams or lakes as preserves for spawning grounds, in which fishing may be limited
or entirely prohibited; and when, in his judgment, the results of fishing operations in
any stream, or off the mouth thereof, indicate that the number of salmon taken is
larger than the natural production of salmon in such stream, he is authorized to estab-
lish close seasons or to limit or prohibit fishing entirely for one year or more within
such stream or within five hundred yards of the mouth thereof, so as to permit salmon
to increase: Provided, however, That such power shall be exercised only after all per-
sons interested shall be given a hearing, of which due notice must be given by publi-
cation; and where the interested parties are known to the Department they shall be
personally notified by a notice mailed not less than thirty days previous to such
hearing. No order made under this section shall be effective before the next calendar
year after same is made: And provided further, That such limitations and prohibitions
shall not apply to those engaged in catching salmon who keep such streams fully
stocked with salmon by artificial propagation.
Pursuant to the provisions of this section, action was taken in
1918 in regard to the waters of southeastern Alaska, the Copper
and Yukon Rivers.
Under date of June 12, 1918, announcement was made of a hearing
to be held in respect to the Yukon River. The text of the announce-
ment was as follows:
It having been recommended that the Secretary of Commerce 1imit or prohibit
commercial fishing for salmon, or other commercial fishing in the prosecution of
which salmon are taken or injured, in the Yukon River and its delta, and in all tribu-
tary waters in Alaska, notice is hereby given under the provisions of section 6 of the
act of Congress approved June 26, 1906, entitled ‘‘An Act for the protection and
regulation of the fisheries of Alaska,’’ that a hearing to determine the advisability of
limiting or prohibiting fishing operations in the above-named waters will be held at
the office of the Bureau of Fisheries, 1217 L. C. Smith Building, Seattle, Wash., on
Ne eae “itt 1918, at 10 o’clock a. m., at which time and place all persons interested
e heard.
10
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. a ha
Following the hearing on November 20, 1918, the Department
under date of December 14, 1918, promulgated the following order:
A hearing having been given at Seattle, Wash., November 20, 1918, after due
notice in accordance with law, for the aoe of determining the advisability of
establishing a salmon-breeding reserve of certain waters in Alaska, and all persons
having had full opportunity to be heard, it is hereby ordered, by virtue of the au-
thority vested in me by section 6 of ‘‘An Act for the protection and regulation of the
fisheries of Alaska,’’ approved June 26, 1906, that until further notice all fishing for
salmon or other fishing in the prosecution of which salmon are taken or injured, in
the Yukon River and all tributary waters, and in all waters of its delta to and includ-
ing the area 500 yards outside each mouth or slough of the delta at mean high tide,
be and is hereby made subject to the following limitations and prohibitions in addi-
tion to the general restrictions already applicable by virtue of existing laws and
regulations:
1. That in 1919, and in each year thereafter unless otherwise ordered in the manner
prescribed by law, not to exceed 30,000 cases (forty-eight 1-pound cans per case, or
the equivalent thereof) of canned salmon, 1,000 barrels (200 pounds net weight each)
of pickled or hard-salted salmon, and 200 tierces (800 pounds net weight each) of
mild-cured salmon, of all species, shall be prepared for commercial purposes or export;
these quantities to be apportioned, after a conference with the local representative
of the Bureau of Fisheries, as equitably as practicable among the persons or com-
panies with established plants. Promptly at the end of each calendar week each
individual or company shall submit a statement to the said representative of the
Bureau of Fisheries showing the number of cases, barrels, and tierces of salmon thus
prepared to date, and shall submit also a record of the number of salmon of each
species taken daily.
2. That no salmon to be prepared by canning, pickling, or mild curing for ship-
ment from Alaska shall be caught above the junction of the Clear River with the
Yukon River near Andreafski.
3. That commercial fishing in the waters of the Yukon delta shall be limited to
Kwikluak Pass, commonly known as the south mouth or channel.
4, That the use of traps or pound nets in the Yukon River and its delta is prohibited.
5. That no gill net, seine, or other net used in the Yukon River and its delta shall
exceed 700 feet in length.
6. That all commercial fishing, except for local requirements, is prohibited after
August 31 of each year.
This order becomes effective January 1, 1919.
Under date of September 16, 1918, announcement was made of a
hearing to be held in respect to Copper River. The text of the
announcement was as follows:
Whereas it has been recommended that the Secretary of Commerce amend the
order ef December 29, 1917, effective January 1, 1918, limiting fishing in the Copper
River, Alaska, its delta, and its tributary waters, notice is hereby given under the
provisions of section 6 of the act of Congress approved June 26, 1906, entitled ‘‘An Act
for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of Alaska,’’ that a hearing to deter-
mine the advisability of further limiting fishery operations or of modifying the exist-
ing limitations on such operations in the aforesaid waters will be held at the office
of the Bureau of Fisheries, 1217 L. C. Smith Building, Seattle, Wash., on November
22, a at 10 o’clock a. m., at which time and place all persons interested will be
eard.
Following the hearing on November 22, 1918, the Department,
under date of December 20, 1918, promulgated the following order:
A hearing having been given at Seattle, Wash., November 22, 1918, after due
notice in accordance with law, for the purpose of determining the advisability of
amending the order of December 29, 1917, effective January 1, 1918, establishing a
salmon-breeding reserve and limiting fishing in the Copper River, Alaska, its delta
and its tributary waters, and all persons having had full opportunity to be heard, it
is hereby ordered, by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 6 of “An Act
for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of Alaska,’? approved June 26, 1906,
that until further notice all fishing for salmon or other fishing in the prosecution of
which salmon are taken or injured, in the Copper River and its delta and all tribu-
tary waters, Alaska, be and is hereby made subject to the following limitations and
prohibitions in addition to the general restrictions already applicable by virtue of
existing laws and regulations:
12 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
1. Commercial fishing is prohibited in waters of the Copper River delta from 6 a. m.
on January 1 to 6 a. m. on June 10 of each year, and in the waters of Miles Lake and
Abercrombie Canyon from 6 a.m. on January 1 to 6 a. m. on June 15 of each year.
2. Commercial fishing in the waters of the delta shall be limited to set nets and drift
gill nets. No such net shall exceed 800 feet in length. The lateral distance interval
between all such nets in the waters of the delta herein referred to shall be not less
than 600 feet.
7 _All fishing is prohibited from the head of the delta to the foot of Miles Lake at
all times.
4. All fishing in Miles Lake shall be limited to set nets. No such net shall exceed
800 feet in length, and only one such net shall be extended out from shore from one
location. No offshore nets will be permitted in the lake. Throughout the fishin
season the shore of the lake shall be considered as it was on June 15. The latera
distance interval between all nets in Miles Lake shall be not less than 600 feet. No
fishing will be permitted along the west and north shores of Miles Lake from the north
end of Mile 49 bridge to the north end of Miles Glacier, nor along the islands and sand
bars between the bridge and the head of the lake.
5. Fishing in Abercrombie Canyon shall be restricted to the use of dip nets operated
by hand, such nets not to exceed 16 inches in greatest diameter. No fishing will be
ermitted at any point on the east side of the canyon or river above the head of the
ake.
6. No fishing will be permitted at any time in the waters of the Copper River above
Abercrombie Canyon, or in any of the waters tributary thereto, except in the case of
local residents, who may take limited numbers of salmon for domestic use: Provided,
That such fishing shall at no time be upon the spawning grounds of any salmon.
7. No net shall be placed in any other than substantially a straight line.
8. For the purposes herein considered, the delta of the Copper River shall be
regarded as including all waters south of an east and west line passing through Mile
270n the Copper River & Northwestern Railway, as at present established, and inside
of a line 500 yards off the mouth of each slough and outlet of the Copper River, begin-
ning with Alaganik Slough on the west and ending with Gus Wilson Slough on the
east, including Pete Dahl, Walhalla, Gus Stevenson, Little King Salmon, Castle,
Storey, Big King Salmon (or Copper River proper), Duck, Russian, and all unnamed
sloughs between. For the purposes of this order, the mouth of each slough will be
regarded as at the edge of the grass banks at the line of mean high tide.
9. The lower end of Miles Lake shall be considered as at the bridge of the Copper
River & Northwestern Railway at Mile 49. The head of Miles Lake shall be consid-
ered as at the point where the river enters the lake, this point to be as indicated by no-
tices posted by duly authorized representatives of the Bureau of Fisheries.
10. Abercrombie Canyon shall be considered as extending from the head of Miles
Lake to Tunnel Point on the Copper River & Northwestern Railway.
11. For the purposes of this order the following definitions are adopted: ‘Stake
net,’’ a gill net attached or affixed to piles or stakes. ‘‘Set net,’’ an anchored gill
net, one end of which may, if desirable, be fastened to a stake or other object on
shore.
This order becomes effective January 1, 1919, and supersedes the order of Decem-
ber 29, 1917.
Under date of September 18, 1918, announcement was made of a
hearing to be held in respect to the waters of southeastern Alaska.
The announcement was as follows:
It having been recommended that the Secretary of Commerce limit or prohibit
commercial fishing for salmon and other commercial fishing in the prosecution of
which salmon are taken or injured, in all streams less than 500 feet in width in south-
eastern Alaska, east of the longitude of Cape Spencer, and in all lakes and other
waters tributary to such streams and within 500 yards of the mouths of such streams,
notice is hereby given under the provisions of section 6 of the act of Congress approved
June 26, 1906, entitled ‘‘An Act for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of
Alaska,’? that a hearing to determine the advisability of limiting or prohibiting fiahing
operations in the above-described waters will be held at the office of the Bureau o:
Fisheries, 1217 L. C. Smith Building, Seattle, Wash., on November 25, 1918, at 10
o’clock a. m., at which time and place all persons interested will be heard.
Following the hearing on November 25, 1918, the Department,
under date of December 21, 1918, promulgated the following order:
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 13
A hearing having been given at Seattle, Wash., November 25, 1918, after due notice
in accordance with law, for the purpose of determining the advisability of making
salmon-breeding reserves of certain waters in Alaska, and all persons having had full
opportunity to be heard, it is hereby ordered, by virtue of the authority vested in
me by section 6 of ‘‘An Act for the protection and regulation of the fisheries of Alaska,”’
approved June 26, 1906, that until further notice all fishing for salmon, or other fishing
in the prosecution of which salmon are taken or injured, in all hereinafter-described
waters of southeastern Alaska east of the longitude of Cape Spencer, be and is hereby
made subject to the ne limitations and prohibitions, in addition to the general
restrictions already applicable by virtue of existing laws and _ regulations:
1. That fishing with all forms of apparatus is prohibited in all streams less than
500 feet in width at the mouth at mean low tide and in all lakes and other waters
tributary to such streams. ; ;
2. That all fishing with purse seines and drift gill nets and all other movable fishing
appliances, other than set nets and beach seines, is prohibited within 200 yards out-
side the mouth at mean low tide of all streams less than 500 feet in width at their
mouth, except at the mouths of the Chilkat and Chilkoot Rivers, where the prohibited
distance for all fishing appliances shall be 500 yards.
3. That all fishing with traps, stake nets, and other fixed fishing appliances, and
set nets and beach seines is prohibited within 500 yards outside of the mouth at mean
low tide of all streams less than 500 feet in width at their mouth. No exceptions.will
be made in favor of any fixed fishing appliances heretofore operated within the pro-
hibited areas. ;
4. That the driving of salmon downstream and the causing of salmon to move
outside the protected area at the mouth of any stream are expressly prohibited.
5. That this order does not supersede but supplements sections 3 and 4 of the
order promulgated by the Secretary of Commerce on November 18, 1912, which,
respectively, prohibit all commercial fishing for salmon or other fishing in the prose-
cution of which salmon are taken or injured ‘‘in Anan or Humpback Creek, its lagoon,
lakes, and tributary waters, together with the region within 500 yards of the mouth of
said creek,’’ and ‘‘in Naha stream, its lagoon, lakes, and tributary waters, above a
line connecting the points known, respectively, as Loring Point and House Point.”’
Likewise this order does not supersede but supplements the order promulgated by
the Secretary of Commerce on October 25, 1915, which similarly prohibits fishing (a)
‘in all waters tributary to Barnes Lake, Prince of Wales Island,’’ (6) ‘‘in Hetta Creek,
its tributary waters, and the region within 500 yards of the mouth of said creek,”’’
and (c) ‘“‘in Sockeye Creek, its tributary Boca de Quadra hatchery waters, and the
region within 500 yards of the mouth of said creek.”’
This order becomes effective January 1, 1919.
Limitations and prohibitions upon fishing in the following waters
are applicable by virtue of previous orders of the Secretary of Com-
merce: In western Alaska, Wood and Nushagak Rivers; and in cen-
tral Alaska, all streams flowing into Cook Inlet, Eyak Lake, and a
limitation upon fishing in Eyak River. Limitations have been
laced upon fishing by Executive order and proclamation in the
ollowing additional waters: Afognak Reservation, Aleutian Islands
Reservation, Yes Bay and Stream, and the Annette Island Fishery
Reserve.
STREAM IMPROVEMENT.
The work inaugurated a few years ago of removing obstructions
in salmon streams received some attention in 1918 in southeastern
Alaska. The streams which were opened were Anan and Whitney
Creeks on Wrangell Island and Olive Creek on Etolin Island. Some
log jams were removed from the upper Chilkoot River and the falls
in Mil Creek near Wrangell were reduced sufficiently for salmon
to EEG It is reported that beneficial results have already been
noted.
The importance of this work is obvious, and it is planned that in
time, as funds and facilities permit, all streams in Alaska which were
once open to salmon will be cleared of débris and log jams and be
160695°—20——18
14 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
restored to their former condition. The scope of these operations
will be extended to include the opening of streams which, because of
falls or other natural obstructions, have never been accessible to
salmon. The possibilities of the work are most important in pro-
viding additional spawning grounds, thus materially aiding in restor-
‘ing and maintaining the supply of salmon. Normally, the greater
the spawning areas of a given section the greater will be the run of
salmon.
STREAM WATCHMEN.
The Bureau has given consideration from time to time to the need
of a closer patrol of the fisheries of Alaska to prevent destructive
fishing, encroachment upon streams, and the continuance of opera-
tions during close seasons. In the past, this work has been seriously
hampered by a lack of funds and personnel, but in 1918 additional
assistance was secured by the temporary employment of 10 men as
stream watchmen, most of whom were connected with the University
of Washington, either in a professorial capacity or as students. Five
of these men were assigned to duty in southeastern Alaska, while the
other five were detailed to localities in central Alaska.
Specific assignments for duty were as follows: Central Alaska—
Kenneth Cole, at Katalla; Claude V. O'Callaghan, at Latouche, to
cover the western at of Prince William Sound; Edward G. Cox, at
Cordova, to patrol the eastern part of Prince William Sound and
Copper River delta; Jason J. Perry and Francis W. Perry, at Miles
Tinks and Abercrombie-Canyon; and southeastern Alaska—Ernest F.
Goodner, at Anan Bay; Clifford J. Mattox, at Karta Bay; James M.
Hay, at Lake Bay; E. O. Eckelman, on patrol duty on the Bureau’s
steamer Osprey; and M. J. O'Connor, at Chilkoot. Mr. O’Connor was
later transferred to the regular service as a warden.
Much good resulted from this increase of the patrol force in the
enforcement of the laws and regulations as well as in the prevention
of unlawful acts in connection with the fisheries. Further penefits
were obtained in the collection of data for the information and use
of the Bureau. It is contemplated that this work will be extended
from year to year, as funds permit, until an adequate patrol force is
secured.
, ALASKA FISHERY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE.
In 1917 there was put into effect jointly by the Bureau of Fisheries
and the Washington-Alaska Military Cable & Telegraph System an
intelligence service to communicate by telegraph to various coastal
towns in Alaska the daily prices of certain species of fish offered at
Seattle and Ketchikan, thus giving fishermen an opportunity of
marketing their product under the most favorable seaariant
This service has been continued through 1918 and has no doubt
been of genuine benefit. Prices are not necessarily telegraphed each
day, as it frequently happens that there are no quotations. The
figures, as received at Juneau, Petersburg, Wrangell, Ketchikan,
Sitka, Skagway, Valdez, Seward, and Cordova, are posted at the
telegraph offices. In some instances local papers have given these
figures a place in their regular news columns.
The figures are sbatived Bar representatives of the Bureau. It is the
desire to continue the service.
U. S. B. F.—Doc. &72. PLATE II.
SALMON STREAM, KUPREANOF ISLAND, SOUTHEAST ALASKA, SHOWING
WORK OF STREAM IMPROVEMENT. THE STEP AT RIGHT WAS BLASTED
OUT IN ORDER TO PERMIT ASCENT OF SALMON.
FISHERY PATROL BOAT, SOUTHEAST ALASKA.
> was
Salk ORs
¥
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 15
PATROL BOATS.
The enforcement of the fisheries laws and regulations of Alaska is
contingent upon the ability of those charged with such duties to cover
the territory regularly during the fishing season. This can be done
most effectively by furnishing each man with a boat. Since the
Bureau has but three vessels of its own for this work, it is necessary
to hire each season several small boats for limited use in certain im-
portant localities. This was done to a greater extent in 1918 than
ever before, owing to the employment of several men as stream
watchmen.
In southeastern Alaska the Bureau’s steamer Osprey and the motor
vessels Murre and Auklet were regularly engaged in patrol work
during the season. In addition, four small launches, namely, My
Fancy, Kitty, Bee, and May, were chartered at various times. In
central Alaska the motor boats Prospector (7 tons net), Ellona, and
five small unnamed power boats were chartered at different times,
some being used continuously for several weeks while others were used
for single trips of but a few days. They were engaged chiefly in the
Copper River and Prince William Sound districts.
The packing companies furnished free transportation to repre-
sentatives of the Bureau on several occasions when other facilities
were not available.
The installation of hot-water heating plants on the Murre and
Auklet was completed at Juneau in February, 1918, at a cost of
$1,044 for both vessels. In the fall of 1918 the galleys on these boats
were enlarged. This adds greatly to the comfort of persons whose
duties take them aboard these boats.
On September 12, the Auklet was struck by the Canadian Pacific
liner Princess Sophia while at the dock at Juneau. The house was
considerably damaged, although the hull was not injured. Repairs
were made without expense to the Bureau.
The Osprey, Murre, and Auklet were engaged for several weeks the
latter part of October and most of November in searching for bodies
from the Princess Sophia, which vessel was wrecked October 25, on
Vanderbilt Reef with a loss of 343 lives, no one on board being saved.
In July, the launch Swan was put in commission on the Yukon
River. This boat was built in the previous winter at Fairbanks.
It is of a type specially adapted to river use. It is 36 feet in length
by 6 feet in beam, and is equipped with a 20-horsepower motor. On
trial tests, a speed of 6 miles per hour was developed upstream
against a current 44 miles an hour, and 13 miles per hour down-
stream. Fuel consumption was 23 gallons per hour. Arrangements
have been made with the War Department to secure fuel at military
posts. There are sleeping accommodations for two persons on the
Swan.
In a report submitted in the fall of 1918 by Warden Shirley A.
Baker, attention was drawn to the need of a staunch, seaworthy,
patrol vessel, to be at the disposal of the Bureau’s representatives
covering the Bering Sea cannery district. It was recommended that
this vessel should ae at least 50 feet in length and equipped with
nothing less than a 40-horsepower Pacific coast make of heavy-duty
engine. Cannery operations are being extended every year and to
cover the different regions and to make any inspection of real conse-
16 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
quence requires the use of a strong, comfortable vessel with a cruisin
radius of several hundred miles. Warden Baker has also directe
attention to the need of a strong, seaworthy launch, about 32 or 35
feet long, with a medium heavy-duty engine of 10 horsepower or
more. This launch should not draw more than 24 feet of-water, as
it is needed primarily for the patrol maintained in connection with
the Nushagak and Wood Rivers, which are closed to commercial
fishing.
In connection with the matter of patrol boats, it is of interest to
quote the following from a recent general report by Assistant Agent
Ball:
The great need of the service is boats and men in sufficient number to permit the
placing of one at each important fishing district. As the patrol is increased, the size
of the district given to each man will be reduced until it reaches a point where very
good control of fishing activities can be maintained. To give anything like adequate
protection to the fisheries of the Copper River and the enforcement of the law in that
district, the Bureau should have three boats of the size and type of the one it now has
on the Yukon. Such boats would have the requisite speed and also be sufficiently
seaworthy, as it would never be necessary to take them into open waters. While
storms may occur occasionally it is always possible for small boats to find shelter in
any one of the many sloughs and outlets of the river. .
Proper patrol and protection of the Cook Inlet district would require three similar
boats for use north of Ninilchik, where the water is very muddy and the shores are
strewn with numerous bowlders. The advantage in having shallow draft boats in
these waters would be that they could enter practically any of the streams flowing
into the inlet in event of a storm, whereas boats drawing 3 or 4 feet of water could find
no safe anchorage north of Kachemak Bay except in the Kasilof and Kenai Rivers.
Full-powered seagoing launches would be required for the lower inlet, Prince William
Sound, Kodiak, and all other localities in the central district as in them the waters
are deep, more exposed, and visited by frequent wind storms. With the constantly
increasing development of the fisheries, this need becomes more urgent, for with the
demand for fish becoming greater and commerical competition becoming keener there
also grow a tendency to disregard the laws until permanent injury to the fisheries
will result.
VIOLATIONS OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
On December 9, 1918, the Supreme Court of the United States de-
livered an opinion confirming the opinion of the circuit court of appeals
for the ninth circuit enjoining the Alaska Pacific Fisheries from main-
taining, and compelling it to remove, a fish trap erected by it in
Annette Island waters, Alaska.
A case of interest to packers in general was brought on May 23,
1918, by the United States attorney at Valdez against the Pioneer
Packing Co. for the nonpayment of a license tax, an information being
filed in the district court at Valdez alleging that the Pioneer Packing
Co. did prosecute unlawfully the business of manufacturing without
first having obtained a license from the clerk of the district court.
Counsel for the defendant interposed a demurrer, which was overruled
by Judge Fred M. Brown on May 28, 1918. At the October, 1918,
term of the district court the case was again taken up, when the
defendant refused to plead further. On October 16 a fine of $500
was imposed. The company has one year from that date in which to
appeal. Under the law a license tax of $500 was assessed against the
Pioneer Packing Co. for the operation of a clam cannery at Cordova,
Alaska, as a manufactory doing a certain volume of business. The
law further provides that if the tax is not paid when due, the company
upon conviction shall pay a fine equal to the amount of the tax,
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. ak
which in this case was $500, or a total of $1,000 that must be paid.
This action is final, unless the circuit court of appeals, to which the
case may be taken, reverses the judgment of the lower court.
The Abercrombie Packing Co. was tried in the United States com-
missioner’s court at Cordova on July 1 for having fished at six places
in Miles Lake in June, 1918, with gill nets set less than 600 feet apart,
and for fishing in Abercrombie Canyon at two points on the east
bank of the Copper River atAntervals of less than 300 feet, all in
violation of the regulations of December 29, 1917. A plea of guilty
was entered on all complaints and a fine of $500 was paid. In
October the grand jury at Valdez returned a true bill against the
Abercrombie Packing Co. on four counts involving violations of the
order of December 29, 1917, by the use of set nets in Miles Lake in
June, 1918, at less than 600 feet apart. The Northwestern Fisheries
Co. and the Canoe Pass Packing Co. were also indicted jointly on four
counts for similar offenses.
The Carlisle Packing Co. was indicted in October on three counts
for the operation between Mountain Slough and Cape Whitshed of
three fishing appliances, each consisting of two distinct traps having
their complement of el the lead of one being attached to the pot
of the other, in total disregard of the endwise distance interval of
100 yards required by law. The Canoe Pass Packing Co. was indicted
for the operation of a similar appliance.
On July 10 the Northwestern Fisheries Co. and the Canoe Pass
Packing Co. were tried for wanton waste of salmon at Miles Lake on
June 20. Pleas of guilty were entered, and each company was fined
$200 and costs. Tom Teets was tried for a similar offense, but was
acquitted.
The Valdez Packing Co. was tried and convicted on August 14
before the United States commissioner at Cordova, on a charge of
having permitted two traps in Fidalyo Bay to fish during the weekly
close period of July 13 and 14. A fine of $500 was imposed for each
trap. The watchman at each trap was also tried and fined $100.
The cases were appealed. Settlement was finally effected at Valdez
on September 27, when the case was heard informally by Judge
Bunnell. The company, after being convicted of the offense charged
in the United States commissioner’s court at Cordova, now pleaded
guilty and secured a reduction of the fine from $500 to $100 for each
trap. The fines imposed by the lower court against the watchmen
were waived, and the case against them was dismissed.
On August 22 the Copper River Packing Co. was tried before the
United States commissioner at Valdez for failure to close two of its
traps in Fidalgo Bay on Sunday, July 28. The case was prosecuted
before a jury which returned a verdict of guilty, whereupon a fine of
$400 for both traps was imposed. The complaint also named the
trap watchmen as codefendants, but prosecutions were not made.
n September 3 three complaints were filed before the United
States commissioner at Kodiak against the Alitak Packing Co.,
charging it with (1) wanton waste of salmon, (2) canning salmon that
had been killed more than 48 hours, and (3) constructing and oper-
ating a trap in Moser Bay within 600 yards laterally of another trap.
On the same day warrants were served on F. A. Davidson, superin-
tendent of the Alitak Packing Co.’s cannery at Lazy Bay, who upon
18 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
being arraigned pleaded guilty to the first two complaints, while a
pe of not guilty was entered in respect to the third complaint.
wo cases were disposed of at this time by the imposition of a fine of
$200 for each and the costs, which amounted to $57. The third case
was called for trial on September 20 at Alitak, and resulted in a con-
viction of the company, which was fined $1,000 and assessed the costs
of the prosecution, amounting to more than $500. The case was
appealed to the district court.
On September 21 a complaint was filed before the United States
commissioner at Alitak against the Alaska Packers Association for
the construction of a fish trap in Moser Bay within the prohibited
distance of another trap. The case was tried immediately and
resulted in a conviction. A fine of $1,000 and costs was imposed.
An appeal was taken.
In February, 1918, the grand jury at Juneau returned a true bill
against R. E. Voeth for fishing the latter part of August, 1917, with
nets covering more than one-third the width of the principal stream
entering Anita Bay, EtolinIsland. The grand jury also returned a true
bill against Sergis Williams, Charles Daniels, Nicholas Keene, John
Cameron, and John Williams, all natives, for the wanton waste of
herring at Sitka in April, 1917. An instructed verdict of not guilty
was returned in the case against Cameron and Williams, while a
similar verdict was found after due trial for the other defendants.
On July 9, 1918, Peter Iverson, Ole Skaaner, J. Hesnes, Olaf
Olson, and John Mjiord were discovered in the act of laying a purse
seine in the waters of the Anan Reservation. Complaints were filed
against them before the United States commissioner at Wrangell on
September 22, and within two weeks all were apprehended. They
pleaded guilty and each was fined $25.
On August 1 nine gill nets were found fishing in Chilkoot Inlet
within less than 100 yards of each other, Action was brought against
16 natives for these offenses in the commissioner’s court at Haines.
Four of them, Harry Williams, Charlie Williams, Archie Watson, and
Ben Watson, were operating for the Haines Packing Co. They
pleaded guilty and were each fined $5 and costs. The remaining 12
men were fishing for the Alaska Pacific Fisheries. The cases against
four of these men were dismissed. Five of them, George Jackson,
Sam Andrews, David Perrin, Charley James, and Jim Willard, pleaded
guilty and each paid a fine of $5 and costs. The other three, Patsy
Davis, Ben Fox, and Fritz Willard, pleaded not guilty and their
cases were continued until the district court convened at Juneau in
September. At that time the matter was presented to the grand
jury and true bills were returned against Fox and Davis. These men
were arraigned on September 28 and pleaded guilty, whereupon each
was fined $10 and costs. Fritz Willard was not indicted.
On Sunday, August 4, four traps, three in Tebenkoff Bay and one
in Gedney Harbor, belonging to the Alaska Herring & Sardine Co.,
were found fishing. Complaint was entered before the United States
commissioner at Juneau on August 7. The company pleaded guilty
and was fined $500.
On August 8 complaint was filed against the Juneau Cold Storage
Co. and Louis Carsten for fishing with a trap in Lynn Canal on Sun-
day, July 21. The company, upon pleading guilty, was fined $100,
and the trap watchman was fined $50.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 19
H. Bergman was tried on August 9 before the United States com-
missioner at Ketchikan for failure to close, in accordance with law,
his trap at Seal Cove on August 4, during the weekly close period.
He pleaded guilty and was fined $10.
James Willard, a native, was indicted for fishing in Chilkoot River
on August 16 with a gill net covering more than one-third the width
of the river. He was also indicted for improper conduct toward a
civil officer of the Government in the discharge of his duties. On
September 28 Willard pleaded guilty to the charge of illegal fishing
and was fined $10 and costs amounting to more than $100. On
account of the fine and heavy assessment of costs it was considered
that this native was already sufficiently punished, and it was agreed
by the Bureau’s representative that the other charge be dismissed.
On September 4 the grand jury at Juneau indicted A. Rasmussen,
Ben Larson, Nesle Running, Tom Carlson, and Arnold Sorsett for
fishing in a stream tributary to Mole Harbor for a distance of more
than one-third the width of the stream. On the 19th of the month
Running and Sorsett appeared in court and pleaded guilty, being
fined $25 each and the costs. The other three men had left Alaska
and have not yet been brought to trial.
The grand jury returned a true bill against the Hoonah Packing
Co. for failure to close its trap at Point Adolphus during the weekly
close season on September 8. The case came to trial on September
18. The company pleaded guilty and explained that the watchman
had stated he lost track of the days. A fine of $50 was imposed, this
being the company’s first offense.
The Thlinket Packing Co. was indicted at Juneau for the operation
of a trap in Icy Strait west of Point Couverdeen during the weekly
close season on Saturday, September 7. The case was called for
trial on September 19, when the company pleaded guilty and was
fined $50 and costs.
On Sunday, September 8, a trap belonging to the Alaska Pacific
Fisheries in South Inian Pass was fishing during the weekly close
period. Later in the month when the matter was presented to the
erand jury it returned a true bill. The case came to trial on Sep-
tember 20, when a plea of guilty was entered and a fine of $50 and
costs was imposed.
The grand jury at Juneau returned an indictment in October, 1918,
against the Alaska Pacific Fisheries involving 15 counts for failure to
properly close several of its fish traps during the weekly close season
on spnion dates in July and August, 1918. This matter is still
pending.
The case against the Alaska Pacific Fisheries, alleging that on or
about August 15, 1917, the company installed a floating trap within
less than 600 yards of a trap then in operation by the Thlinket Pack-
ing Co., near Village Point, has not been tried.
On Sunday, September 1, three traps of the Alaska Pacific Fish-
eries, located near Point Sherman, on the east shore of Lynn Canal,
were found only partially closed, so that they were fishing at the
lower stages of the water. The company was indicted and on Sep-
tember 19 pleaded guilty and paid a fine of $50 and costs.
Two prosecutions for stealing fish from traps occurred in south-
eastern Alaska. On September 6 an indictment for larceny was
20 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
returned at Juneau against Ike Weathers, Al Weathers, and F. C.
Wright for robbing the Tee Harbor Packing Co.’s trap on Admiralty
Island, south of Point Retreat, on the night of July 18,1918. During
the trial the charge against Wright, who was a trap watchman, was
dismissed for lack of conclusive evidence connecting him with the
crime, and he was used as a witness. It could not be clearly estab-
lished that the men arrested were the persons who had robbed the
trap, and a verdict of not guilty was returned. The second case was
that against Herman Brandies and Louis Bolick, who were indicted
on January 24, 1919, at Ketchikan for participating in the robbery
of a trap of the J. L. Smiley Co., located at Bostwick Inlet, Gravina
Island, on August 17, 1918. The charge was for embezzlement and
fraudulent conversion of property. They were permitted to enter
ping of guilty of simple larceny and were sentenced to imprisonment
or six months and one day.
On May 25 Anton Johanson was charged in a complaint filed before
the United States commissioner at Franklin with fishing with gill
nets in Eagle Creek, a stream less than 300 feet in width, between
the hours of 6 p. m. and 6 a. m. of the following day, and also durin
the weekly close season. A plea of guilty was entered and a fine o
$25 was paid. Subsequently the fine was remitted on account of the
insufficiency of the complaint in stating the offense.
TERRITORIAL LICENSE TAX.
The territorial revenue act of May 3, 1917, imposes a tax on salmon
canneries of 44 cents per case on kings and reds, 24 cents per case on
medium reds, and 2 cents per case on all others; salteries, 24 cents
per 100 pounds on all fish salted or mild-cured, except herring; fish
traps, fixed or floating, $100 per annum; and on cold-storage plants
a graduated tax, according to the amount of business transacted.
The following statement shows the tax collections made by the Ter-
ritory during the calendar year 1918:
TERRITORIAL FisHEeRY LICENSE TAXES COLLECTED FOR THE YEAR Enpine@ DEc. 31,
1918.
Division Division Division
Schedule. No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. Total.
Cammprios Sore s5c0s Leek Stes Sak Sd. cepa eee eh ee $73, 823. 86 $487.23 | $123, 239. 45 $197, 550. 54
Salteries 7. « accctdas copes seteh= se het adee <otamers 1, 209. 38 - 60 3, 271. 96 4,481. 94
PISHTaApS-c2 core ceca eaetonce sence cetocusteecee 42, 500. 00 100.00 18, 400. 00 61, 000. 00
Cold-storage plants...55 3.< sat eect pee ue ne seeeees ti ao0 400M omen enemsiees 00 2, 050. 00
Potalivec cette adi. ef 119, 083. 24 587. 83 145, 411. 41 265, 082. 48
Information was received from the Territorial treasurer that in
addition to the foregoing amount the sum of $6,730.35 was collected
under the schedules imposing a tax upon fish-oil works and fertilizer
and fish-meal plants using herring in whole or in part. This amount
and $10,298 similarly collected for the year ending December 31,
1917, are being held on special deposit pending the settlement of
litigation regarding these schedules.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. D1
CANADIAN-AMERICAN FISHERY CONFERENCE.
Matters affecting the fisheries of Alaska were taken under advise-
ment at sessions of the Canadian-American Fishery Conference.
The members in behalf of Canada were Hon. J. Douglas Hazen,
Chief Justice of New Brunswick and former Minister of Marine and
Fisheries; George J. Desbarats, Deputy Minister of Naval Service;
and William A. Found, Superintendent of Fisheries. The American
members of the conference were Hon. William C. Redfield, Secretary
of Commerce; Hon. Edwin F. Sweet, Assistant Secretary of Com-
merce; and Dr. Hugh M. Smith, Commissioner of Fisheries. Sessions
were held at Seattle on April 24 and 25, at Prince Rupert on April 30,
at Ketchikan on May 2, at Vancouver on May 7, at New Westminster
on May 8, and at Seattle again on May 9 and 10.
Among the subjects considered were the Alaska-British Columbia
halibut controversy, the protection of halibut on the Pacific coast,
the mutual use of American and Canadian ports by the fishing vessels
of both countries, and the regulation of the Pacific whale fishery.
Subsequent sessions were held at Ottawa on May 20 and at Lake
Champlain September 4 to 6. The findings and recommendations
of the conference have been submitted to the respective governments
for appropriate action on the questions under consideration.
A preliminary result of the action of the conference, as an emer-
gency war measure and to avoid restrictions upon the production of
ood, was the granting to fishing vessels of each nation of reciprocal
port privileges, which included the right of vessels to discharge fares
and clear again direct for the high seas. A few Canadian fares of
halibut have been landed at American ports, while there have been
numerous fares caught on offshore Alaskan banks by American
vessels and landed at Prince Rupert. Action also has been taken
resulting in the abrogation of the requirement that Canadian fishing
vessels passing through American waters en route to fishing grounds
on the high seas shall enter and clear at an American port.
UNITED STATES FOOD ADMINISTRATION.
By virtue of the act of Congress approved August 10, 1917, the
United States Food Administration was created, its organization
being extended to Alaska as well as to the several States. Under
the terms of the presidential proclamation of January 10, 1918, all
salt-water fishermen not previously licensed by the United States
Food Administration, whether fishing independently or on shares or
i at any period of the year in the commercial distribution,
including catching and selling of any or all varieties of salt-water
fish and all shellfish and crustaceans, were required to secure on or
before February 15, 1918, a license to be issued under prescribed
rules and regulations. Also those engaged in the business of canning
salmon or sardines, not previously licensed, whose gross production
was more than 500 cases per annum, except home canners and cer-
tain canning clubs recognized by the Department of Agriculture,
were required to secure licenses. All licenses were issued by the
United States Food Administration at Washington, D. C. Appli-
cants for salmon-cannery licenses were required to show to the satis-
faction of the Food Administration that there was a supply of fish in
22 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
excess of the quantity then being utilized by the plants in operation,
and that production would be increased by the amount of their
packs. It was contrary to the policy of the Food Administration to
grant a license for the operation of additional canneries where it
simply meant a division of the supply of salmon without probable
increase of production. Important considerations in this connection
also were the conservation of labor, material, and supplies, particu-
larly of tinplate.
The representatives of the Food Administration in Alaska, Wash-
ington, Oregon, and California met in Portland and Seattle in Feb-
ruary, 1918, to take up chiefly the matter of licensing canneries and
fixing the prices of salmon. Subsequently the United States Food
Administration, acting upon the recommendation of Pacific-coast
administrators, fixed the prices to be paid fishermen for raw fish.
These prices varied for the different districts of Alaska, being made
to meet local conditions.
_ The fixing of prices governing the sale of canned salmon, and action
in respect to withdrawals of most of the pack in 1918 for military
uses, received attention at the hands of the Food Administration.
Following the cessation of hostilities, licenses, restrictions, and other
requirements of the Food Administration were removed early in
1919.
Among those interested in the canning industry in Alaska who
were more prominently identified with the activities of the Food
Administration and who were connected with it were Messrs. Frank
M. Warren, of the Alaska-Portland Packers’ Association, E. B.
Deming, of the Pacific American Fisheries, Dan Campbell, of the
Astoria and Puget Sound Canning Co., and August Buschmann, of
the Deep Sea Salmon Co. The food administrator for Alaska was
Judge Royal A. Gunnison, following whose death Mr. P. R. Bradley
was appointed. All of these gentlemen rendered great and valuable
service, ably handling the many arduous and troublesome duties
requiring their attention.
INQUIRY BY FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION.
As part of a comprehensive investigation of food-producing indus-
tries undertaken by direction of the President, the Federal Trade
Commission conducted an inquiry in 1918 in regard to the produc-
tion and distribution of canned salmon. In December, 1918, the
results of the inquiry were published by the commission.* It is
stated that the report is based practically upon complete returns
from all the salmon canners in the United States, including Alaska.
Following a general description of the salmon-canning industry,
including references to history, species of salmon, and methods of
selling and distribution, general chapters are devoted to the con-
sumption and production of canned salmon; the cost of packing and
marketing; the prices of canned salmon, including particular refer-
ence to opening prices, and brokers’ prices; capacity, investment,
and profits; organization and control; legislation to protect the
supply of salmon, and suggestions for the improvement of conditions
in the salmon-canning industry.
a Report of the Federal Trade Commission on Canned Foods. Canned Salmon. December, 1918.
Washington, 1919.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 23
Among the recommendations made by the Federal Trade Commis-
sion are the following:
That the Bureau of Fisheries have control of the salmon fisheries of Alaska in the
interest of good administration and for the prevention of any possible monopoly in
‘the future.
That licenses to trap locations should not run for more than five years, but that
renewal thereof should be allowed; and further, that a trap location should not be
allowed to remain in the possession of anyone, unless he makes use of it for at least
three years during such five-year term.
That some department of the Government should furnish information which would
facilitate a more direct marketing by salmon canners, so as to limit the payment of
sub-brokerage.
That the announcement of an opening price is dangerous, and, as at present con-
ducted, should be discontinued.
That ‘‘S. A. P. sales” (sales subject to the opening price) should be restricted.
WAIVING OF ALASKA EIGHT-HOUR LAW.
As a result of recommendations by the Bureau communicated
through the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Inte-
rior, the Governor of Alaska, in exercise of the discretionary power
conferred upon him by the legislature, issued a proclamation on
December 15, 1917, suspending the restrictions of the eight-hour law
as applying to salmon fisheries and canning or other preparation of
salmon for food, and manufacturing industries whose products are
necessary for the proper preparation of salmon as a food supply.
The suspension became effective January 1, 1918.
On January 7, 1918, the governor issued another proclamation,
immediately effective, suspending the operation of the Alaska eight-
hour law so far as it affected the taking, preparing, and curing of
halibut, herring, cod, and all other kinds of food fish in Alaskan
waters, including the taking, preparmg, and canning of clams and
other shellfish.
A further waiving of the Alaska eight-hour law occurred on April
5, 1918, when the governor suspended its operation in respect to the
manufacture of fertilizer, oil, and other by-products from the waste
of the food fish industry in Alaska. The necessity of this action was
not given consideration at the time of issuance of the previous
proclamations.
The suspensions of law by virtue of these proclamations were in-
tended to apply during the period of the war.
SUSPENSION OF NAVIGATION LAWS.
In February, 1918, the Secretary of Commerce, with the Presi-
dent’s approval, issued certain instructions to collectors of customs
with the object of facilitating landings of fish at American poe by
foreign vessels. This action, which had bearing on the fisheries of
Alaska, was an emergency war measure which under normal condi-
tions could not be effective without appropriate legislation. The
instructions were as follows:
To promote the vigorous prosecution of the war and to make the utmost use jointly
of all the resources of the nations now cooperating, you will permit, during the war,
Canadian fishing vessels and those of other nations now acting with the United States
to enter from and clear for the high seas and the fisheries, disposing of their catch and
taking on supplies, stores, etc., under supervision as in the case of merchant vessels
entering and clearing for foreign ports, except as to tonnage tax and other charges
specifically imposed on entry from and clearance for foreign ports.
24 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
WOOD RIVER CENSUS.
The usual count of red salmon entering Lake Aleknagik on Wood
River, Alaska, was made in 1918. The work was under the direction
of Warden Shirley A. Baker, assisted by Fred R. Lucas, who was
temporarily detached from the Afognak fish-cultural station.
Continuing the custom of past seasons, a rack consisting of cotton
trap webbing hung on piling and weighted with chains was placed
across the lower end of the lake in the latter part of June. Counting
of salmon began June 28 and was carried on daily until August 5,
a period of 39 days.
The run of salmon began somewhat later than usual. This was
attributed to the late breaking of winter, there being an ice gorge in
the Bristol Bay region which could not be penetrated until almost the
end of May. During the season, however, the weather was extraor-
dinarily fine with little or no rain or wind. It is said that these
conditions caused the salmon to linger in the waters of the bays until
nearly ready to spawn, when heavy rushes were made up the rivers.
The run of red salmon appears to have been the largest of record
although the count into Lake Aleknagik was less by 138,306 than in
1917.
The first considerable count of salmon passing through the rack
was made on July 10, when 28,302 were admitted to the lake. On
the following day, July 11, the count increased to 131,156, which
number was exceeded but once during the season, on July 18, when
235,700 passed into the lake. There were only six days which show
a count of more than 50,000 salmon each, on four of which the count
was in excess of 100,000. The tally for the season was 943,202, the
details of which are given in the following table:
Woop River SALMON CENSUS IN 1918.
Date. Number. Date. || Number. | Date. Number,
JUNG 28 oa eise se se ae ee 14> edly 12. smocisese ones 102;042,,||| Tully: 26.5. sous. < See ee 1, 258
77 Bee tela Sas 9 1G Re eAaace sSsuee 55, 478 2h oak nis oc eee ee 646
BOLGssee et Sees 33 A ees ane tosce 35, 159 28 wos wantdotoaeee 868
JULY nae occ et roe 258 1G 2 fee a eee a 29,328 DOR ee ese As ee 324
See) 6 Pea 462 Ge. 258.2 SAE AE eG 848 155 SO Ce 388
Beane ee ane 568 i Cee ee ee Sree Os 1245038 sll. Ob-ssadeeseas- omen 596
eS ence 1, 440 11 as A 235; 00d ATU lc Son.. eee cere 515
Da bre sane ae 1, 223 dl! aA Se ease TSC OUR NL a esac ae ee 773
Ge acces cae cme os yt | be ek et es A ae 36, 507 S SER eee Saas 2 308
Tis Ge Rep ete 1, 821 Dates wate eee 7,321 (a eiRg AI SO 417
ES ee ee 3,370 Deawentciweetber ene 2,416 Hea eee Oot 208
Oh cle eae 7,451 23 Wea Aue Elgar 4, 646 oe
ODS ase tek sc aoe 28, 302 245 eRe aes 3,236 Total: eee 943, 202
OAT OS ae AT | 131, 156 ieees eee hep s 1,355
It was reported that less than 20 king salmon entered Lake
Aleknagik. Humpback salmon were also scarce, but there was an
appreciable run of chum salmon.
Valuable assistance in the installation of the rack and in making
the count of salmon was generously given by the Alaska Packers
Association and the Alaska-Portland Packers’ Association.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 25
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS RESERVATION.
The administration of the Aleutian Islands Reservation, which was
created by Executive order of March 3, 1913, is under the joint con-
trol of the Department of Commerce and the Department of Agri-
culture. By the terms of the joint regulations issued by these two
departments effective March 15, 1914, no one may carry on any line
of business within the reservation without first securing a permit
to do so.
In the exercise of its authority by virtue of the terms of the Execu-
tive order establishing the reservation, the Department of Commerce
issued 11 fishery permits in 1918, 2 of which, granted to the Alaska
Commercial Co. and O. K. Quean, respectively, expired December 31,
1918. There are also 12 permits of those issued prior to 1918 which
remain effective, making a total of 21 permits outstanding at the end
of the calendar year 1918. Informal permission was granted to
Mark Morris, of Unalaska, on July 28, 1915, to engage in fishery oper-
ations for supplying local needs.
PERMITS FOR FISHERY OPERATIONS IN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS RESERVATION EFFECTIVE
AT END oF CALENDAR YEAR 1918.
No. Date. Grantee. Location and scope of operations.
4| Mar. 5,1915 | A. B. Somerville............. Attu Island. To take and sellred salmon either fresh
or salted. Extended Sept. 7, 1915, to include atka
mackerel.
6 | Jan. 15,1916 | Pacific American Fisheries...] Unalaska Island. Salmon cannery.
7 | June 28,1916 |} Union Fish Co................ Tigaida Island. Cod station.
10 | Dec. 9,1916 | Pacific American Fisheries...| Unimak Island. Salmon cannery.
11 | Dec. 11,1916 | Sockeye Salmon Co........... Do.
12 aaneeae1 O17 | Paul Buckley 8h 8 4 tease 3.3 Akutan Island. Codfish station.
18 | June 22,1917 | Andrew C. Smith............. Chernofski Harbor and Kuliliak Bay, Unalaska
Island. Salting cod and salmon.
19 | Aug. 8,1917 | Alaska Commercial Co........ Preserving cod and salmon within the reservation;
erection of cannery prohibited.
20 | Sept. 19,1917 | Ummnak Livestock Co......... Nikolski, Umnak Island. Preserving cod and
salmon; erection of cannery prohibited.
2 sce GOses=22. Panl Buckley =.2225-c2 2326222 Whaling in reservation.
22 | Sept. 25, 1917+] N. E. Bolshanin.............. Unalaska Island. Salting cod and salmon.
23 | Noy. 1,1917 | Kuskokwim Fishing & Trans- | Trident Bay, Akun Island. Preserving cod and
portation Co. salmon; erection of cannery prohibited.
25 | Jan. 5,1918 | Northern Fisheries (Inc.)..... Unalaska Island. Cod station.
28 | Jan. 10,1918 | Edwin H. Larsen............. Unalaska Island. Cod and salmon operations; erec-
tion of cannery prohibited.
29 | Jan. 24,1918 | Northern Fisheries (Inc.)..... crear Island. Salmon, trout, atkafish, etc.,
pickling.
30 | Feb. 11,1918 | Buckley Livestock, Fisheries | Unalaska Island. Cod station.
& Transportation Co,
Sloe a 5 Ges sa ces BESS (oie eee ee eee Unalaska Island. Plant for canning and salting
salmon and other fishes,
32] June 5,1918 | Unalaska Atkafish Co........ English Bay, Unalaska Island. Salting or mild
curing atkafish, codfish, and salmon.
B57] Bese doses. 52|4 AS CP Gogs2- 222 9I8 a 22t S52 Attu Island and other points. Commercial fishery
operations; erection of cannery prohibited.
34 | June 29,1918 |} Alaska Fishing Co............ Unalaska Island. Commercial fishery operations;
erection of cannery prohibited.
35 | Nov. 6,1918 | S. Applegate................. Umnak Island. Commercial fishery operations;
erection of cannery prohibited.
One joint permit for operations within the Aleutian Islands
Reservation was issued by the Departments of Agriculture and
Commerce in 1918, and three of those previously issued continued
effective, making a total of four joint permits under which operations
were being carried on at the close of the calendar year.
26 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Jomr PERMITS IN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS RESERVATION EFFECTIVE AT END OF CAL-
ENDAR YEAR 1918.
Date. Grantee. Location and purpose.
July; Dp} AOlviee ea ANGPOW: Ce SMMIGHe ose ise eee To graze cattle, sheep, goats, and other
domestic animals on Umnak Island.
Octe 20 Sit eee Buckley Livestock, Fisheries & | To graze cattle, sheep, and other domestic
Transportation Co. ey on the southwest end of Unalaska
sland.
Dec. 819i s2- sees Andrew: C. Smith. .---ss-220ss-5 To graze sheep on Dutch Harbor Island.
Term of permit limited to one year.
Mar 1651918355. 22 1DpeevUlM hina Oe ek See ee ae Se SUSE ae braze hogs on Dutch Harbor, Amaknak)
sland.
AFOGNAK RESERVATION.
The usual requirements in respect to commercial fishing in the
Afognak Reservation were complied with by the issuance of fishing
licenses to about 45 natives who desired to engage in such activities.
Their work was placed under the immediate supervision of W. E.
Baumann, of Afognak, who was temporarily employed as a patrol-
man.
The natives lost the usual May and June fishing on account of
delays in securing licenses and were therefore unable to begin opera-
tions until July. Though a considerable part of the run of Slee
had passed into the streams before that date, the natives made a
fair catch and averaged a higher return for their season’s work than
ever before. This was due largely, if not wholly; to the fact that the
Federal Food Administration fixed the price of salmon at a con-
siderably higher rate than the natives had ever before received.
The bulk of the catch was sold to the Kadiak Fisheries Co., at Kodiak,
although Wasilie Necrassoff, a native of Afognak, pickled a few
barrels of cohos, humpbacks, and reds, and the Northern Fisheries
(Inc.), secured a few cohos from Litnik Bay.
No special close seasons were enforced at any of the localities
fished, except that all commercial fishing was prohibited in Pauls
Bay and Litnik Bay, at which places the salmon were desired for
propagation. Just before the run of cohos began in Litnik Bay this
prohibition was withdrawn to meet the recommendation of the
superintendent of the fish-cultural station on Afognak Lake that the
taking of cohos would be beneficial to the hatchery work by reducing
the number of enemies of the red-salmon ah and fingerlings. Young
coho salmon grow much more rapidly than red salmon, usually
attaining a length of 6 to 8 inches in the two years they remain in
fresh water, during which time, it is said, they feed largely upon the
red-salmon fry. Considerable credence had been placed in the
local report that the run of cohos in Litnik Bay attained propor-
tions sufficient to attract and induce the natives to undertake com-
mercial fishing for them. The results of fishing carried on during
September seem to negative these reports, as the catch was less than
3,000 fish.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. ri |
CatcH @ or SALMON BY SPECIES IN THE AFOGNAK RESERVATION IN 1918.
Species.
Locality. sy Ea Total.
Coho. | Chum. | “pac | King. Red.
110 Te peepee te cian dS area es ltrs ee th fanaa ity sees: 3 C0 ea 13, 899 21,149
‘ParaMmanio tier 2521-24 2 ce tctrs a gore Meee elle = Sone Bee 118 AD DOOH3-secac..-- 22,335 62, 953
SENS Payee Se Beer ASRS Ss Rec bee tosses Gul teeeaeae 2 1 6, 544 6, 553
TU UIG AU Priel Kes or f-(-)= ana eta aisle eienmn si HBSS 2 etree Pa O4D) | amen eae 7, 884 32, 807
Dan ceri Bays. sane) secee teri mecte as. a aft LOUD PX his cee lee eae wes a) mectipeacet -(Pidek ston. 1,012
Tanai ish Wye Seeer a caohs Subse ceeeeeos eae B22) Ve atecla sete ee teen. [Saas sw nel see = ce aas 2, 252
Hira a ere Rete ye 5, 151 121 | 70,791 1| 50,662| 126,726
a Exclusive of a small number of coho salmon purchased by the Northern Fisheries (Inc.).
A system of apportioning the district among the fishermen so as
to prevent overfishing and at the same time to enable all to enjoy
an equal opportunity was tried in 1918 and seemed to be very satis-
factory to the natives of Afognak. Under this plan the number of
natives at any one fishery was limited; the various fields were
assigned to natives from certain localities, who were to enjoy the
privileges thus guaranteed without interference on the part of those
whose object seemed to be to take the best at each place. This
moving from place to place, just as the run of fish was good, bene-
fited comparatively few of the fishermen and always the same ones.
All fields on the west side of Afognak Island were reserved for the
exclusive use of the natives of Afognak, while the Spruce Island
natives could operate only at the fisheries on the east side of Afognak
Island, but not exclusively. Within the prescribed limits as to the
number of men who might fish at any given place, all the fishing
grounds on the island were open to the Afognak natives as distin-
guished from those from Spruce Island.
Though no seasonal closings were. observed in 1918, it does not
seem advisable to discontmue such regulations at the chief points of
operation. While the primary purpose of the Bureau is the conser-
vation of the fisheries, in a general way its operations affect very
closely the vocations of the natives for the reason that most of them
are fishermen and trappers. In the Afognak Reservation every-
thing possible is being done in the regulation of fishery operations
for the greatest benefit to the natives without injury to the fisheries.
APPARATUS AND APPROXIMATE FisHinG SEASON,? AFOGNAK RESERVATION, 1918.
Seined. Fishing season.
Locality. 7" Sore
Coho. | Chum ase King. Red. Began. | Ended
Bes BaVer ns oon ete. By rstniogectigs 2 1 6, 160 384 | June 17 | Aug. 2
Little Afopnak -...--.-..-...-- T BSL. |oge cede 23,042 |.....-.. 7,834 50 | June 15 | Sept. 20
Wenper Haya 6 22-2992 9 252252 Ono) 2st 282 ees 2 HP les ep pee SES See Sept. 3 | Sept. 10
(ine Ves yee ee eee ree 2: DAYS | SEE AS (BSE eG Ee SS lee ol Sara (Ee do:-.. Sept. 14
Maina eee po ee RE et 3 ie ial eh Se 12,674 | 1,225] June 18| Aug. 3
ParaMmAanp is eo.) ae Al 8 118 40, 500.)/-2 oes 2 22,335 |.....-.- June 13 Do.
Total j3oca-es ose 5,151 121 70,791 1 49,003 | 1,659
a Exclusive of a small number of salmon purchased by the Northern Fisheries (Inc.).
28 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
ANNETTE ISLAND FISHERY RESERVE.
On April 28, 1916, a presidential proclamation was made creating
the Annette Island Fishery Reserve in southeastern Alaska, whereb
Annette Island and certain smaller islands off its coast, together willl
the surrounding waters, were set apart for the exclusive benefit of the
Metlakatla Indians and any other Alaskan natives who might asso-
ciate themselves and live with them. The Bureau of Education,
Department of the Interior, has charge of the administrative affairs
within the reserve. The most valuable asset thus secured to the
natives is the fishery wealth of the region. To derive the greatest
benefit therefrom, a plan was adopted to lease fishing privileges in
the reserve to the company making the most advantageous offer.
The first lease was made with P. E. Harris & Co., of Seattle, Wash.,
but owing to the loss by fire of its cannery on the island, nothing
was done 7 that company. A second lease was then made, with the
Annette Island Packing Co. of Seattle, under the terms of which the
company was authorized to erect a cannery on Annette Island. It
was required to pay a permit fee of $100 per annum for each fish
trap operated in the reserve, to pay a royalty of 1 cent per fish for
each salmon caught in these waters, and to give a guarantee that
not less than $6,000 would be paid to the natives annually during
the five years of the continuance of the lease.
Six traps were operated in the reserve for which a permit fee of
$600 was paid. A total of 1,196,669 salmon was taken by these
appliances, for which the natives received a royalty of $11,966. In
addition to this return, the natives were paid $12,023 for 196,012
salmon which they took with purse seines and sold to the packing
company. ‘The natives thus received as a direct return from the
fisheries of the reserve a total of $24,589. Over and above this
amount, further disbursements of several thousand dollars were
made to them on account of labor in the cannery and during its
construction.
YUKON FISHERY.
When in the spring of 1918 it became generally known by various
persons residing on the Yukon River and tributary streams that, as
the result of preliminary arrangements made the previous season by
the Carlisle Packing Company of Seattle, a salmon cannery was to
begin operations on the lower Yukon, there arose a protest against
the establishment of any such enterprise having for its object the
commercial utilization of salmon from Yukon waters for exportation
from the Territory.
As a result of this protest an informal public hearing was held by
the Bureau at Seattle on May 17, 1918, to receive the views of inter-
ested person and invite discussion by those favoring the undertaking
and by those opposing it. It was thought that this conference or
hearing might develop information useful in determining the best
method of conducting a practical inquiry into conditions on the
Yukon. The hearing was participated in by representative cannery-
men and by a number of ersons, including Bishop P. T. Rowe,
rominently identified with the general welfare of Alaska and particu-
arly in respect to the natives.
Those who opposed the operation of canneries on the Yukon stated
that both the whites and natives are largely dependent upon salmon
UNS Be Doc 872: PLATE III.°
A NATIVE FISH WHEEL, YUKON RIVER.
PIONEER SALMON CANNERY, YUKON RIVER, 1918.
ee ee
-
2) 4 ; i
oF
at
cer
ay s
et
a
,
Oils
4
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 29
for food for themselves and their dogs. The great need of dogs for
winter transportation was mentioned. Consideration was also given
to the effect of commercial fishery operations upon the general
rosperity of the region drained by the Yukon and its tributaries.
hose who favored the operation of canneries pointed out that a
mighty stream like the Yukon ought to support a number of such
establishments without detriment to the inhabitants or without
injuring the future of the fishery. They spoke of the primitive
methods and indifferent efforts by the natives and others to secure
salmon. ‘This, they alleged, had material bearing upon the light catch
of 1917, which made it necessary to kill quite a number of dogs in the
following winter because of a shortage of salmon for food. Those
who ae the cannery admitted that it was not so much a ques-
tion of one cannery injuring the stream, but the fear, as expressed
particularly by Bishop Rowe, that it might be the thin entering
wedge for a large number of such establishments.
The preliminary hearing revealed the fact that there was a wide
difference of opinion as to the necessity of limiting operations or
taking any steps toward the greater protection of the Yukon fisheries.
These opinions varied from the idea of absolute prohibition of all
cannery operations on the Yukon and its tributaries to the view that
any restrictions were both unnecessary and inexpedient, the Yukon
being a river of such size and possessing such peculiarities as to
render intensive and destructive fishing an impossibility.
As a result of the preliminary hearing the Bureau directed a
special inquiry into conditions on the Yukon by Wardens C. F.
ownsend and C. L. Larson, the former devoting attention to the
lower river and the latter to the upper section. Cooperation was
rendered by the Bureau of Education, United States attorneys and
marshals, postmasters, commercial companies, and various persons
living along the Yukon as to observations on the runs of salmon
and reports regarding the number and species of fish taken, methods
of capture, and disposition of catch; also expressions of opinion were
given in respect to the effect of the operation of one or more
canneries on the Yukon. To aid in securing uniform data, blanks
prepared by the Bureau were widely distributed.
n June 12 announcement was made of a hearing to be given at
Seattle on November 20, 1918, to consider the advisability of limiting
or prohibiting commercial fishing for salmon in the Yukon and
tributary waters.
The development of the Yukon salmon fisheries began in 1918
with the establishment of a floating cannery at Andreafski. The
season’s operations resulted in a pack of 13,463 cases of salmon,
divided as follows: Cohos 2,661, chums 6,471, humpbacks 107, and
kings 4,224 cases. In addition to this, 10,400 pounds of cohos and
chums were dry-salted. The total catch of salmon for the cannery
was 115,531, of which 26,144 were cohos, 73,921 chums, 3,227 hump-
backs, and 12,239 kings. Fishing was carried on from the mouth of
the Yukon to a point above the junction of Clear River, chiefly in
that part of the Yukon delta known as Kwikluak Pass. The fishing
seasons were as follows: Kings, June 26 to August 17; chums, June
28 to September 8; humpbacks, July 7 to July 29; and cohos, August
3 to September 8. Some of the cannerymen and others frequently
refer to salmon of one kind by the name “Yukons”’ or vakon
salmon.” In so doing they mean bright or fresh-run chums.
160695°—20-——19
30 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
An investment of $48,000 was made in the plant. One stern
wheeler, the Martha Clow (65 tons net), one gas boat, the Althea (17
tons net), and three smaller power boats were operated in connection
with the cannery. Salmon were taken with 124 gill nets aggregating
9,869 fathoms, and 6 wheels of the two-scoop pattern. Employment
was given to 169 men, 55 being fishermen, 102 shoresmen, and 12
transporters. Of these 36 were natives, 13 of whom were listed as
fishermen. :
Stokes & Stokes operated a small saltery on the lower Yukon,
packing 15 barrels of chum salmon. Their plant was valued at
$1,500. Equipment consisted of one power boat and 300 fathoms
of gill nets. They report having located too far up the river, but
before another season will move to a point lower down.
Warden C. F. Townsend epee that one Sepella operated a
saltery on the Yukon about 12 miles from salt water and that a pack
of 110 barrels of chums and cohos was made. Salmon were taken
with gill nets and one wheel. Mr. Townsend also advised that the
Delta Fishing Co. was in the field in a small way.
Statistics compiled at the close of the season of 1918 indicate that
exclusive of gear operated by the cannery and salteries near the
mouth of the river, ie whites and natives on the Yukon and tributary
waters used 393 fish wheels, valued at $19,650, and 130 gill nets
aggregating 3,250 fathoms, valued at $6,500. The estimated catch
for local requirements was 1,400,000 salmon, which when dried
represented approximately 700 tons of fish, valued at $140,000.
he total population of the Yukon region of Alaska, dependent in
some Measure on the fisheries, was estimated late in 1918 as being
10,907, of which number 6,638 were whites and 4,269 were natives.
_ The number of dogs in the region was estimated at 6,183.
Prior to the season of 1918 the size of the run of salmon in the
Yukon was an almost unknown quantity. The belief was expressed
in some quarters that a comparatively small run ascended its waters,
but others who were interested in the commercial exploitation of its
fisheries held the opinion that a run aggregating many millions of
salmon annually ascended the river. The necessity of maintaining
the fisheries is paramount at all times, and if it is reasonable to
suppose that a serious depletion of the supply by unrestricted fishing
seems imminent, limitations must necessarily be imposed. This
was done on December 14, 1918, by the promulgation of regulations
affecting commercial fishing for salmon in the Yukon River. The
closing order which is published in full on page 11 in this report be-
came effective January 1, 1919.
COPPER RIVER FISHERY.
Unusual interest was centered in the Copper River fisheries in
1918. The combined catch of red, coho, ne ee salmon was con-
siderably in excess of 1,000,000 as against 890,000 in 1917. ‘The catch
undoubtedly would have been heavier had it not been for certain
restrictions imposed upon fishing by the regulations of December 20,
1918, although as the result of misunderstandings and for other rea-
sons the regulations were more or less disregarded. The regulations
were unsatisfactory in some respects, chiefly because of the fact that
areas in the delta were included apparently not technically within
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. OL
the scope of the law authorizing the Secretary of Commerce to impose
limitations or prohibitions upon fishing within streams and 500 yards
outside the mouths thereof. In promulgating the regulations it was
thought that limitations upon fishing on the flats were essential to
the protection of the salmon. The idea also was to broadly distri-
bute any burden of necessary limitations upon fishing.
Before the fishing season of 1918 opened a number of interested
cannery men requested the Secretary of Commerce to modify the
order. On May 18, 1918, an informal hearing took place at Seattle,
at which time discussion occurred as to the best method of handling
the matter. The results did not prove helpful.
As the season advanced it became obvious that the regulations were
in need of revision, hence on September 16 announcement was made
by the Secretary of Commerce of a formal hearing at Seattle on
November 22 to take up the matter. Asa result, the new regulations
which appear on page 11 in this report were promulgated on Decem-
ber 20, 1918.
The Bureau’s activities in the Copper River region were under the
immediate supervision of Assistant Agent E. M. Ball. The following
extracts from Mr. Ball’s reports submitted at the close of the season
appear of interest:
The Copper River is the largest salmon stream in central Alaska and the one of
greatest commercial importance. It is a very muddy, glacial river several hundred
miles in length. It is fed by a number of fair-sized rivers, nearly all of which are of
glacial origin. The river carries at all seasons a considerable amount of silt, but par-
ticularly during the summer months, when the glaciers are most active. At times it
may be almost liquid mud. In the course of years a large tract of land has been built
up at the mouth of the river, which is approximately 40 miles in width from east to
west and 10 miles in depth from north to south. This land is known as the delta of
the Copper River. Through it the river has maintained one main outlet to the sea
and seven or eight lesser channels, each of which bears a distinctive name. The
main channel is broken by many gravel bars, which appear as barren islands at low
water. Near this channel are several sand islands which have been built up by wind
and water to an elevation of several feet above the surrounding country. The greatest
deposit of mud occurs to the west of the main channel and it constitutes the marsh-
lands of the delta, being covered with vegetation to the line of mean high tide. The
several outlets of the river are connected by many smallsloughs, which form a veritable
network of waterways throughout the delta. Seaward from this higher marshland
to the sand bars which parallel the shore some 3 or 4 miles distant is a large area known
as the tide or mud flats of the Copper River, where the numerous channels converge
and lead to the ocean through the breaks in the sand bars beyond. When the tide
ebbs from the flats, these channels appear merely as continuations of those passing
through the marshlands. The greater part of the flats is bare at low water. Atsuch
times very shallow draft boats may be operated about the delta, but their movements
are limited perforce to the use of the main channels. The river from the head of the
delta to Miles Lake, a distance of approximately 20 miles, is swift and shallow and
flows through a bed of glacial gravel. Except for a bend or two just below Childs
Glacier its course is straight and through an open country.
Miles Lake is simply a widening of the river where it strikes against the face of Miles
Glacier. Itis nearly 4miles wide and 6 mileslong, The lake is said tobe very deep,
especially along the face of the glacier, which fact is indicated by the time that large
pieces of ice which fall from the glacier remain submerged, often for several seconds.
The northern shore is very abrupt, as is also the southern except at one place where a
small stream has deposited considerable sediment. The west shore is very flat and
is strewn with many bowlders. Miles Glacier forms the eastern shore.
A mile or more above the lake the river emerges from Abercrombie Canyon, which
is barely 2 miles in length and about 1,000 feet in width. There are two pronounced
rapids in this part of the river where the width at the head of each may be not more
than 600 feet. On the west side of the canyon are precipitous mountains; on the east
side is a moraine which is still underlaid with ice. On the east side of the river at
the northern end of the canyon pockets known locally as ‘‘bear holes” have been cut
into this buried ice. The name probably arises from the fact that bears came to this
32 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
place to feed on salmon. As the ice recedes these places will increase in size, more
water will flow through them, and eventually the river may widen its channel until
no canyon remains. Even during the present year there was a marked change over
the conditions existing in 1917. At least one-third of the river was flowing through
the bear holes.
Within the last four years the Copper River as a salmon stream has attracted unusual
interest. It has emerged from a position of more or less obscurity into a place of com-
manding prominence. This change may be due (1) to the superior quality of the
Copper River salmon, and (2) to the apparent large escapement of salmon above the
then field of operations. Fishing in the delta district, as it was carried on during 1914
and several years preceding, was limited to the activities of but one cannery, that of
the Northwestern Fisheries Co., whose plant was and still is located at Orca.
Commercial fishery enterprises above the delta were confined to the pickling and mild
curing of salmon at Abercrombie by L. L. Mikkelson, who for a few seasons had oper-
ated a saltery there, taking salmon by dip-net and gill-net fishing along the west bank
of the river in Abercrombie Canyon.
In 1914 the Copper River district was visited by salmon packers who were interested
elsewhere in the Alaskan fisheries or those of the Pacific coast, and special attention
was given by some of them to the possibilities of operating a cannery in the vicinit
of Miles Lake or Abercrombie Canyon. It was evident from the operations of Mikkel-
son that a considerable number of salmon were escaping the nets at the delta and that
profitable fishing could be had in the lake and canyon, and with comparatively little
and inexpensive gear and equipment. In the fall of 1914 the Copper River Packing
Co. built a cannery at Abercrombie just north of the Mikkelson saltery, but did not
operate it until the following season. In the spring of 1915 the Canoe Pass Packing
Co. also entered the Copper River field and established a small cannery adjacent to the
ocean dock at Cordova. The former company operated only at the up-river fields,
while the operations of the latter company were limited to gill netting in the waters of
the delta in competition with the Northwestern Fisheries Co. Both new companies
made satisfactory packs, even surpassing their own expectations. The apparent ease
with which this was done was a sufficient inducement for other interests to enter the
field in 1916. Chief of these was the Carlisle Packing Co., which ventured out on a
more pretentious scale than any of the older concerns had done, or even those of con-
temporaneous origin.
This sudden and rapid expansion of operations in the Copper River in 1916 and
1917 was regarded as unjustified and out of all proportion to the size of the run of
salmon in that stream. It was further regarded that if these operations continued
to expand, or even remained at the magnitude then attained, the fate of the Copper
River salmon fishery would be held in the balance. In the face of such a situation
failure to provide simple and reasonable protection to the salmon at this critical
time would be followed by destruction of the run, if any significance is to be attached
to the large and increasing amount of gear required to maintain a supply of salmon
sufficient for the profitable operation of the canneries. The establishment of six
canneries in the district to draw upon the run of salmon in the Copper River resulted
in intensified fishing, a fact clearly indicated by a comparison of the amount of gear
and the catch made by the six companies then in the field with that of the one can-
nery and one saltery which were in operation in 1914 and prior thereto.
As illustrative of the amazing development of activities in this field, some statistics
of the amount of gear employed and the catch of salmon made in certain years may
be cited. In 1914 the Northwestern Fisheries Co. operated approximately. 9,500
fathoms of gill nets in the delta district, while Mikkelson used 500 fathoms of gill
nets and a few dip nets at the up-river fields, thus making a total of 10,000 fathoms
of nets for the entire field. The catch in that year was approximately 300/000 salmon,
or an average of 30 fish per fathom of gear. In 1916 four companies fished in the waters
of the delta, using approximately 35,000 fathoms of gill nets, and taking 367,000
salmon, or an average of a fraction more than 10 fish per fathom of gear. During the
same season approximately 300,000 salmon were taken in Miles Lake with 5,000
fathoms of gill nets, or an average of 60 salmon per fathom of gear. <A catch of a
proximately 150,000 salmon was made in Abercrombie Canyon by means of 50 dip
nets, or an average of 3,000 fish per net. In 1917 seven companies operated in the
Copper River fields. Six of these companies used approximately 52,000 fathoms
of gill nets in the delta district and took 521,000 salmon, an average of about 10 salmon
per fathom of gear. There were also operated in the same season 5,000 fathoms of
gill nets in Miles Lake, whereby approximately 265,000 salmon were taken, an average
of 53 fish per fathom of gear. A total of 70 dip nets operated in the canyon took
approximately 90,000 fish, or an average of 1,285 per net.
From 1914 to 1917 there was an increase in the delta district of about 450 per cent
in the amount of gear used, while the increase in the catch of salmon was only about
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 33
120 per cent. At the up-river fields the catch in 1917 was 600 per cent greater than
in 1914, while there was an increase of 1,000 per cent in gear for the same season.
These statistics may tell convincingly the story of the over-fishing of the Copper
River, but should they not, additional evidence of that fact may be obtained from the
statements of natives and whites living along the Copper River. During the seasons of
1916 and 1917 these people complained bitterly against the continuance of unrestricted
commercial fishing in the Copper River, on the ground that they were being de-
prived of a necessary food supply, and they contended that with the extension of
activities on the lower river it became more difficult from year to year for them to
secure a supply of salmon from those sections of the river to which they had access.
These complaints, whether just or not, must have had some basis for their origin,
and they, with the rapid expansion of operations on the river, gave rise to an appre-
hension that the run of salmon could not survive the growing demands which were
being made upon it, if unlimited fishing were allowed to continue.
To further inform itself in respect to the depletion of this fishery the Bureau di-
rected that special investigations be made by some of its agents to determine as far
as possible the probable escapement of salmon to the spawning grounds. Upon the
basis of the information thus obtained, and also upon the earnest solicitation of a num-
ber of the interested salmon packers, the Department announced a hearing to be
given at Seattle, Wash., on December 14, 1917, for the purpose of considering the
advisability of providing further protection to the salmon of the Copper River. The
hearing was held at the appointed time, and was well attended. It resulted in a
discussion of various suggestions and plans to acccomplish the end in view, all of
which were given consideration by the Department before the promulgation of the
order of December 29, 1917. “The order became effective on January 1, 1918.
The run of salmon to the Copper River in 1918 began about the middle of May.
During the early part of the season the run struck at Alaganik, Pete Dahl, and other
sloughs in that vicinity, but as the summer advanced the main movement of the
salmon into the Copper was through the channels to the eastward around Grass Island
and Cottonwood Point. The run of kings and reds was exceptionally good during
May and June.
In 1918 there were five companies taking salmon from the waters of the Copper
River delta, operating approximately 130 fishing boats and 50,000 fathoms of gill
nets, which is about 2,000 fathoms less than the quantity of gear used in the same
waters in 1917. Four traps were operated near Cape Whitshed, each of which may
have taken some Copper River salmon. Three were owned by the Carlisle Packing
Co. and one by the Canoe Pass Packing Co.
It was fairly well understood before fishing began that the run of salmon to the
Copper River in 1918 should be large, corresponding to the run in 1914. In compari-
son with other seasons, the appearance of salmon on the upper fishing grounds of
the river in 1918 was somewhat later than usual, a fact that may be accounted for by
the late breaking of winter and the consequent obstruction of many channels by
ice which had a deterring effect on the movement of the salmon.
A total of 5,270 fathoms of gill-net web was used in Miles Lake, 4,150 fathoms of
which belonged to the Abercrombie Packing Co., while the remaining 1,120 fathoms
were owned by the Northwestern Fisheries and the Canoe Pass Packing companies.
At Mile 46, R. L. Read operated 150 fathoms of gill nets. The total amount of gear
in use above the delta was thus 5,420 fathoms of gill nets and 30 dip nets.
Accurate statistics of the catch of salmon in the delta region of the Copper River
were not secured until after my arrival at Seattle, as the superintendents of the can-
neries concerned were averse to giving out such information except through their
home offices. It may be that some of the companies fishing off the mouth of the Copper
River did not make a complete segregation of the Copper River fish, but included
therewith unavoidably some that should be credited to Eyak and Martin Rivers, but
it is also likely that there was a corresponding error in the opposite direction which
would offset any inaccuracy along that line. The fishermen were largely to blame
_ in this matter because they moved from place to place over the delta, fishing where
they chose without keepingarecord oftheir catch atany pointof operation. Probably
all salmon taken in the offshore nets and thoseset from the outer sand bars are included
with the Copper River catch, which vitiates to some slight extent these statistics.
In summarizing the observations of the season in regard to operations in the delta
district of the Copper River in 1918, it may be said that approximately 50,000 fathoms
of gill nets were used by the five companies fishing in those waters. The use of stake
nets was generally followed on the tide flats; anchored nets were used chiefly in the
sloughs, although some drift gill net fishing was carried on in the main channels.
Near the mouth of the larger sloughs there was some congestion of nets, and also along
the more important channels across the flats, such as Steamboat Slough. It was
34 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
noted that nets were not maintained in one position throughout the season; on the
contrary there was a constant shifting of gear corresponding with the increase or
decrease in the run of salmon at any given point. Fishermen who were fortunate in
securing good locations near the outlets of the streams held those positions practically
to the end of theseason. Softuk Bar, which was reported as the scene of rather inten-
sive fishing in 1917, figured but slightly in the operations of 1918.
During the first half of June ice interfered with fishing in the sloughs. Some ob-
servers thought this condition favored a larger escapement of salmon than would have
been the case otherwise. Not all experienced fishermen accept this view as being
correct for some maintain that a backward season invariably delays the movement of
salmon into the streams. My conclusions are in accord with this view. Further
proof of the correctness of this theory may be found in the fact that no appreciable
number of salmon and made their appearance at Miles Lake and Abercrombie Canyon
before June 10, as only a comparatively small catch was made at those localities during
the first five days of the season, which was from June 5 to 10. Additional evidence
that late seasons retard the movements of salmon may be gathered from the reports of
conditions on Bristol Bay where the ice held later than ever before.
Red salmon were first noticed at the up-river fishing grounds early in June, but
merely as stragglers. By the middle of the month the run was on in earnest, and
during the remainder of the month fishing in both lake and canyon was good. There
is reason to believe, however, that the number of salmon passing above the scene of
commercial fishing before June 5, when the season opened, was very small. This
conclusion is based primarily on the fact that very few salmon were taken in the lake
or canyon before June 10.
R. L. Read operated approximately 150 fathoms of gill nets. His catch of salmon
was hauled by wagon to the railroad at Mile 46 and shipped thence to the cannery of
the Abercrombie Packing Co. at Abercrombie. The total number of salmon shipped
from that point was in excess of 92,000.
Tom Teets had four dipping places between the canyon and the lake, two on each
side of the river, and two men at each station. The catch from the stations on the
east side was transferred across the river on an aerial tram to a point just south of
Mile 52 on the railroad from where it was shipped to Cordova or Abercrombie by
train. The other stations were on the west side of the river between Chinaman Slough
and the lake. The catch at those places was hauled by a horse and cart to the lake
and loaded into boats or scows and then transferred to the cars at one of the spur
tracks near Mile 51 or 49. Mr. Teets began operations under a contract with the
Northwestern Fisheries Co. and the Canoe Pass Packing Co. to sell his catch to them,
but on June 16 he severed his contractual relations with these companies because of
their failure, as he stated, to furnish him with adequate shipping facilities, and there-
after sold his fish to the Abercrombie Packing Co.
The Abercrombie Packing Co. had undisputed possession of the canyon field where
dip-net fishing exclusively was carried on. Seven men operated on the east side of
the river opposite snowsheds No. 1 and No. 2, where steel cables span the canyon.
Fifteen men were employed in like manner on the west side of the river in the can-
yon. ‘This company also operated four-fifths of the gear set in Miles Lake, or 4,150
fathoms of gill nets, in the handling of which 38 men were employed.
The Northwestern Fisheries Co. and the Canoe Pass Packing Co., working under an
arrangement to divide the catch, stationed 15 men at Miles Lake who engaged in
gill-net fishing, operating a total of 1,120 fathoms of nets.
3 ate total amount of gear in use above the delta was 5,420 fathoms of gill nets and
0 dip nets.
Toward the end of the season, after the Northwestern Fisheries Co. and the Canoe
Pass Packing Co. had discontinued fishing in the lake, L. T. Robbins, formerly em-
ployed by these companies, pickled 100 barrels of red salmon at the lake, using in
this work part of the company gear.
TotaL CatcH oF SALMON By SPECIES IN THE COPPER RIVER In 1918.
Species.
Locality. SS EEE lec
Coho. King. Red.
Deltaeai aa. caaetns ee SPS ot ok Rae ee aed 43,419 5,646 | 1,098,057 1, 147,122
ADOVe Geltark: ats wckiase det cicewcic's ws onictp vp dere aaeee eee 6,770 15, 203 490,781 512,754
"Lotalissencss- Sarees ches ese. tases cc (cece ce eee 50, 189 20,849 | 1,588,838 1, 659, 876
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 85
The number of red salmon taken from the Copper River in 1918 equaled 95.72 per
cent of the total catch; kings equaled 1.26 per cent; and cohos 3.02 per cent. Out of
the total catch of red salmon, 69.11 per cent was taken in the waters of the delta,
while 30.89 per cent came from the up-river fishing grounds. Twenty-five per cent
of the total catch of kings was taken from delta waters, as against 75 per cent from the
river above the delta.
At the close of the fishing season on the Copper River in 1917 it was conceded by those
interested in the salmon fisheries of that region, and others who had intimate knowl-
edge of conditions there, that alarming drains had been made on the supply of salmon
and that unless greater protective measures were adopted than those afforded by the
general fishery law a serious and permanent depletion was inevitable. This condition
was the more acute for the reason that the season of 1916 also showed in proportion
to the gear in use a falling off in catch from that of the two years immediately preceding.
The fact that 10,000 fathoms of gill nets was sufficient to catch 400,000 salmon in the
Copper River in 1914 and that in 1916 the use of 40,000 fathoms was required to take
double that number, or 800,000, would seem to foreshadow depletion in direct ratio
to the increase in gear. Thesimple logic of it all is that as the scale of one ascends the
other naturally descends. Equilibrium could be restored only by a reduction in the
amount of gear which automatically would make possible a greater escapement of
salmon. This fact was brought out prominently at the hearing given in Seattle,
Wash., December 14, 1917, when, as the record of that meeting seems to show, nota
dissenting voice was heard in opposition to the well-founded opinion that the valuable
salmon fisheries of the Copper River had suffered considerable depletion already and
were then in danger of complete destruction by unrestrained commercialism. The
time to act was therefore apparent to all.
While there may have been some disagreement with regard to details, there was a
unanimity of opinion in respect to essentials—the run of salmon was being depleted
and something should be done tostopit. Fishing activities were rapidly approaching
the danger point and serious consequences were in sight if they continued unchecked
much longer.
To understand thoroughly the peculiar conditions existing at the mouth’ of the
river, and to know the extent of the delta, the entire region should be seen at low water.
No published map or chart adequately portrays them. Ii observations are made at
low water, it will be found that these several streams which are the outlets of the Copper
River traverse the mud flats to the outer sand bars through channels having well-
defined banks. Naturally, at high water, these streams are dispersed in all directions
after they emerge irom the grass banks, but even so, that is no reason for saying that
the mud flats and sand bars are not as much a part of the delta as the grass-covered
marshlands which are overflowed only at extreme high tide. The delta of the Copper
River is a physical fact, and it must necessarily lie within the mouth of the river.
That being so, it would seem that under the law the Secretary of Commerce had ample
authority to limit or prohibit fishing in at least all of the waters inside of and within
500 yards outside of the several outlets through the sand bars.
SALMON HATCHERIES.
EXTENT OF OPERATIONS.
In 1918 the propagation of salmon in Alaska was carried on at four
fish-cultural stations, two of which were operated by the Government
and two by private interests. The capacity of these hatcheries is
approximately 280,000,000 red-salmon eggs, the two Government
stations being able to take care of 150,000,000.
In 1917 the total collection of red-salmon eggs in Alaska was
115,964,000. The number of salmon liberated in Alaskan waters in
the season of 1917-18 was 90,390,200, which was 65,250,800 less than
in 1916-17. The take of red-salmon eggs in 1918 was 142,001,000, or
26,037,000 more than in 1917. This increase was due to the fact that
considerably larger takes were made at the McDonald Lake (formerly
Yes Bay), Fortmann, and Quadra hatcheries. The collection of eggs
at the Afognak station was also approximately 1,500,000 greater
than in the previous year. Operations at the Uganik and Seal Bay
substations of Afognak were not carried on in 1918.
36
ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
OPERATIONS OF ALASKA HATCHERIES IN 1918.
|
Red ee Red cee Red fie pas
. eye Salmon eye Saimon eye Saimon
Stations. eggs taken liberated in eggs taken
1917. 1917-18. 1918.
McDonald hake GYiesiB av )he a8 soce ee a eee eee es 34, 950, 000 32, 539, 200 a 47,300, 000
Cail pe ety A Oi ge aaah at os Mage ees nee b 53,036,000 | + 31,427,000 c 54,681, 000
Seal Bay 2,712, 000 G2, 712) 000) 5io ee ae
840, 6, 135, 000 € 19, 620, 000
13, 600, 000 12, 990, 000 20, 400, 000
4, 826, 000 4, 587, 000! 15. eo eee ee
otal cg loc AM ee HAN oh gary eee yet a Tak mpeg 115, 964, 000 90, 390, 200 142, 001, 000
1,365,000 humpback-salmon eggs were also taken.
18,000,000 eyed eggs transferred to Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.
a 97,000 humpback-salmon eggs were also taken.
yed eggs.
3,660,000 humpback-salmon eggs were also taken.
a
b
c
d
e
HATCHERY REBATES.
The Federal fishery law of Alaska provides that the catch and pack .
of salmon by the operators of private hatcheries shall be exempt from
all license fees and taxation of every nature at the rate of 10 cases
of canned salmon to every 1,000 red or king salmon fry liberated
upon compliance with certain conditions, among which may be
mentioned the filing of affidavits with the clerk of the district court
of the division of Alaska wherein the hatchery is located and with the
Secretary of Commerce, showing the number of red-salmon fry released
during the fiscal year for which report is made. The following table
gives the rebates due to private operators for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1918:
REBATES CREDITED TO PRIVATE SALMON HATCHERIES DURING THE FiscAL YEAR
ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.
: Red-salmon | Rebate
Owners. Location. fry liberated. due:
Alaska Packers Association..............---.--- Naha Stream.........-...-..| 6, 135, 000 $2, 454.00
Northwestern Fisheries Co...........----------- Quadra akel-.s--2-.5----<= 12, 990, 000 5,196.00
Ose see arcs feet me ae Rae ae ate ae eee Hetta Lake.........-:-...-- 4, 587, 000 1,834.80
MPOtAl sc toe chee ices Sete aa Oe ee eee eee eee eee 23,712,000| 9,484.80
HATCHERY INSPECTION.
The law provides that all private hatcheries shall be inspected by
order of the Secretary of Commerce and that no rebate certificates
shall be issued to the owners of such establishments until the efficiency
of the hatcheries has first been approved by the Secretary of Com-
merce in the manner provided by law. The necessary inspections
were made and the character of operations approved.
HATCHERY OPERATIONS.
MCDONALD LAKE.
The name Yes Bay, as applied to the hatchery on McDonald Lake,
was obviously inappropriate, as the hatchery is not located on the
bay. It has been decided, therefore, that henceforth this station
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 87
will be known as the McDonald Lake hatchery. In 1917 the egg-
collecting season began on September 11 and ended September 26.
In that time 34,950,000 red-salmon eggs were collected, out of which
number 32,539,200 fry were liberated in McDonald Lake and tribu-
taries. Losses aggregated 2,410,800 eggs and fry, or approximately
6% per cent.
n 1918 spawning operations began August 29 and ended October
2 and resulted in a collection of 47,300,000 red-salmon eggs. A
collection of 1,365,000 humpback-salmon eggs was also made.
AFOGNAK.
During the spawning season of 1917 the Afognak station made a
collection of 53,036,000 red-salmon eggs, operations beginning July
30 and ending September 11. Of that number, 18,000,000 eyed
eges were distributed among hatcheries in Oregon, Washington, and
British Columbia. The remaining 35,036,000 were incubated at the
Afognak hatchery. The loss of eggs was 2,221,000 and fry 1,388,000,
a total of 3,609,000, or 64 per cent of the total take. The number of
red-salmon fry planted in Litnik Lake and its tributaries was
31,427,000.
The spawning season of 1918 began July 30 and ended October 2,
during which period 54,681,000 red-salmon eggs were taken. A
collection of 8,697,000 humpback-salmon eggs was also made.
The substations at Seal Bay and Uganik were not operated in 1918.
FORTMANN.
The Alaska Packers Association owns and operates the Fortmann
hatchery on Heckman Lake, Revillagigedo Island, southeastern
Alaska. This hatchery was built in 1901 and is now the largest
plant of its kind in Alaska, having a capacity of 110,000,000 salmon
eggs. It has been in continuous operation since the date of its con-
struction, a period of more than 18 years. In that time 643,617,000
red salmon have been liberated therefrom.
Out of the 6,840,000 red-salmon eggs taken in 1917 between
September 3 and October 20, there were hatched and planted
6,135,000 fry. The loss was 705,000, or approximately 103 per cent.
A collection of 2,400,000 humpback-salmon eggs was also made in
1917, from which 1,845,000 fry were produced and planted. Be-
tween August 28 and November 15, 1918, a total take of 19,620,000
red-salmon eggs was made. Humpback-salmon eggs to the number
of 3,660,000 were taken between September 13 and November 15.
QUADRA.
The Northwestern Fisheries Co. owns and operates the hatchery
located near Quadra, in southeastern Alaska. This plant has a
capacity of approximately 21,000,000 red-salmon eggs. The taking
of eggs in 1917 began August 13 and ended November 3, during which
period 13,600,000 were collected. Out of this number there were
hatched and planted 12,990,000 red-salmon fry, the total loss being
610,000, or approximately 44 per cent.
Spawn-taking at this hatchery in 1918 began August 14 and
ended September 28. In that time a collection of 20,400,000 red-
salmon eggs was made.
38 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
HETTA.
The Hetta hatchery is also owned and operated by the Northwest-
ern Fisheries Co. and is located on Hetta Lake, in southeastern
Alaska. It has a capacity of approximately 12,000,000 red-salmon
eggs. In 1917 egg collecting began August 15 and ended December
14, resulting in a take of 4,826,000 eggs, from which 4,587,000 red-
salmon fry were hatched and liberated. The loss was 239,000, or
- approximately 4.9 per cent.
{
This hatchery was closed on June 30, 1918. No eggs were taken
during the spawning season of 1918.
GENERAL STATISTICS OF THE FISHERIES IN 1918.
The total investment in the Alaska fisheries in 1918 was $73,750,789,
an increase of $18,813,240 over 1917. Approximately 90 per cent of
this investment was in the salmon industry. The number of persons
engaged in 1918 was 31,213, an increase of 1,722 over 1917. The
total value of the products in 1918 was $59,154,859, an increase of
$7,677,879 over 1917. This is an increase of about 15 per cent over
the value of the products in 1917.
SuMMARY OF INVESTMENTS IN THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1918.
‘ Southeast Central Western
Industries. Alaska. Alaska. Alaska. Total.
Salmon canning 2 22 Jslc-sasce es aitecae Jenene $28,971,126 | $11,960,681 | $22,969, 590 $63, 901, 397
PalmonMnid-Cuvin ees a sae aie Soa oa MOO KOA Siae cte ioe ees | aint eee ee 786, 342
Salmon pickling! see co ios eee te. sees eee 492,160 592, 491 1,362, 957
Salmon freezing ...... ae 124,172
DAMON AROS ores ee acc cee See 114, 689
Salmon dry-salting 58,345
Salmon drying And SMOKING 6s 4506 een ete ale slew ee teen sal sssse eee rcees 26, 150 26, 150
SalmonDy-produGts=-- 2 =- 4/-5--ce-- sce soeeeee= SPS cco ooesa ses opocicascice ac 109, 782
Herrin pifishery:.-. < o<t: .2scl-8< seecicass -peesoe oe 1,018, 394 722, 135 62, 288 1,802, 817
IA DUGHSNORY a2 scciat “eee ce sacioe rca esee eee A GOs 0O2 |taas eeclessas ce] aaseem a eeeeet 2,594, 292
WOMMISHOrye awe ss cae pe melec se ttcs aclabi=m sae aes | oe eee eerie 805, 484 465, 634 1, 271, 118
Whale fishery.252-5- Secs scso scp ease esse csieeane 393, 037 22,914 935, 020 1,350, 971
Glam fishery: cc snccucssssecstcoscsee se eeee ee ee 1, 200 DINTR II (bee eB ik oe A _ 247,757
Crab fishery. -2%) 2 32205 Soto ieee ete eeeoee TRU Ase ee 5 5 Be gins sate. Nae 2 ae ae
Motali: Jeet Setacsseeie Ne era: See Se 34, 405, 579 14, 249, 931 25, 109, 518 73,750, 789
SuMMARY OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE FISHERIES OF ALASKA IN 1918.
South-
tat east Central | Western Total.
ih lacie Alaska. | Alaska.
Whites! 6 er a a eee ae oa SS ae oe 7, 862 3,717 6,114 17, 693
Natives 253s 2S 2ece ae ce eee eee ae Se seen Senet ce Dae eae eee 3, 157 1,030 5, 251
NAVANCSC: Wook. Sos ce ceae coo) yee ge ee eee 857 306 346 1,509
Chindse2) Se Se ee Fe ae eee 1,374 562 798 2,734
UDI OS... Sactarod oon serereooewen waters eee aa oe oe Aa eee ees 731 279 328 1,338
IT ORICATIS | Fe ae eee a Se eee deo aee en peace ie one ee eee 276 229 1, 204 iY
Miscellaneous, >. 2502 Doe ee roe ee eee deed aaeeee Gas Spb 400 96 483 979
Motel (iii)... Ji Res. DOE A ee 14,657| 6,219| 10,337| 31,213
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 39
SuMMARY OF PRODUCTS OF THE ALASKAN FISHERIES IN 1918.
Products. Quantity. | Value.
Salmon:
Cane Fer cima sie eesren ae sie aes © Re rate ae EEE See ec laimetats cases. . 6, 605,835 | $51,041, 949
YE UG EGF itg 2% le a aR A Spe he Spe SEP ee ee eee sere pounds. . 3, 158, 400 607, 951
Wicked’). SASeSINe See TAs ehs Peete eT ers TT e ees ree do....| 11,378,000 1,079, 881
Frozen ......-- Pee Se te Bete sence pnic eC er Ce eninge Ose e ao See eet Hee do... 1, 877, 922 170, 864
Wreshi(including local ec ss sees oes tes ne Sees ee mae cece delete 2 doe. : 4,760, 915 386,576
ID yajectal ies Saad Save Pa sc core S- Seccecoeer caster Bercos- Saeb Somer ecace do.... 516, 975 47,544
Dried rand SM OKO ess. cee cea ae sas a seae eee | oe ig: cee malaise do... 1, 400, 000 140, 000
IB Y-DIOUMCISy Olle as eta See oats see om tchaoeeleie mala u a 4, 624 , 624
ieson da Cita Er ha wee SE SR ee eee Sab oso deaaee ee oF 1, 368, 000 35, 423
Herring:
Canned oScnec tine scacr ance seein cae scees a: de cscaodasseesiese Ee 31,719 231,735
SUSHI GOS asete aecinsis cree cma a etre re armas wom onew aie e 22 100, 000 1,500
JOSS N UD Ong Les SAR a ee SSS A 53 ee as 30 See dores- 606, 326 6, 564
Tings RTO Paes aoe es eee ors oe Seiko asinine wat aie been 1, 407, 200 17, 827
Frozen for bait..........-- ; sac 4,152, 835 36, 654
Pickled, Scotch cure... .-. 9,744, 175 748, 606
Vickled, Norwegian cure. 8,958,515 632, 402
OTe See eae eer y ages a 138, 012 97, 000
INS UL ee eoe Cee ko ee aa Ben 4 Ee Ge eee Se ee Serene een =: 1, 290, 000 47, 250
Halibut: .
Fresh (including local consumption)............-.--------------+-- do....| 10,491,777 1,315, 985
10g) CYS 8) 585850 5 AS BS SSE Or Hn Speen Aen oneee eae stead Se See ceeeseced okie 3 3, 337, 529 348, 866
IDA SSG 5 Ee Roe 5 Ee ae eda Capn cena SAE Sebo on our Srebae do... 40, 400 2, 835
Cod:
Canned 2 | se aes eee eee re See eae senna ae sete ats sore ncaa cases. . 2, 336 14, 175
Wryssnltedgess tase ee ene che ae. 2h eae kee Ania am eg ea pounds..} — 10, 902,507 778, 737
Fick bdmeeet en ate war rae Se ae Dine eae ee eee ee do....| 2,650,073 142, 200
38, 268 7, 128
18, 800 1, 840
273, 326 10, 312
67, 458 2,742
50 5
672, 989 421, 942
338, 931 327, 420
2,059, 600 74, 255
8, 223 1, 644
ry sey) 866 216
PMD fi COZ AT sess ae ee ern aera ce ee etotata e nin Oe eens Boee 148, 000 7,400
Beluga hides mS 2,500 1, 250
Cp Shere es ee oe rem ec oicac see recess nis sons nie bose doce cases. . 43,575 214, 504
Trout:
CSE vata ters bagies § 53 Bk 128 8 eee De Re a So yee ee Bee RS A On 2,641 24, 568
IR Tcl ASE © JENA Ae 2 sep = o SOeer: Beene Ss On anes Secnonaee pounds. 60, 218 6,575
RETO OTe ee ae Secon alae ta oe ee ae inant ae ne casas ee eene ce satse dows: 9, 500 768
igkiod spssnge -hok «see Sea os cise ae Ae aes see Scitaeee se eee cis do 21,000 1,773
Sanietish tres, irozen and pickled... -s-qcsn sos cseiseses'ensen cass doz s. 1, 336, 039 67, 351
Lev Glyat id cih lies. § aes SAG hp ee SRee Rs Cee te RRs Se eee eee see doy 338, 659 12, 186
REPS Sosdnoeonbcrsdae daca tes Sudsee dence eesces Aa deeco cde se apesaese dozens. . 720 1,440
Shrimps
Canniod =. S252) 53 25 2 ahs 2a ese braised: A Fe SS eeeecntte aes cases. . 524 3, 200
[iit slileeetd Mee Eee geese eRe Ose e ose oboe dese Sada coebear Taser pounds. . 48, 204 10, 806
RRS plekied py Lome ete Sear ey i See TPN eee ee oe dod-s- 7, 850 645
MSCENSHOOUS SUIS He on tesa n ts Soe nine ne aes nolan s aace ene cm ae nas do.... 246, 968 7,696
CA eg ee PR NS SI Se, ane ek Cael ae eee gn Ae Sak ete CY Oe | 59,154,859
SALMON INDUSTRY.
A very material increase occurred both in quantity and value of
products in the salmon industry of Alaska in 1918. In view of the
unprecedented returns for 1917, the results of operations during 1918
were Very satisfactory. As willusually be the case, some sections pro-
duced smaller numbers of salmon than in the preceding season, while
notable gains occurred in other places. This oscillating movement
of the salmon runs does not affect all districts alike at the same time,
for where one region produces only a light run another yielding in
superabundance makes good the shortage. Such conditions are not
the best for the packers, as they are unable to determine accurately
the extent of preparations for operations each season, though some
40 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
conclusions of value may be reached by study and analysis of the
records of past seasons, applying the four or five year cycle theory
for red and king salmon and the shorter cycles for the other species.
The increased production may be due in part to the greater num-
ber of canneries in Alaska, but this is not necessarily true, as the pro-
ductivity of any field has a limit which when once reached inevitably
restricts the yield. This conclusion is borne out by results in south-
eastern Alaska in 1918 where 14 more canneries were operated than in
1917, but which yielded an increase of but 80,601 cases of salmon, an
average of less than 6,000 cases. Double the number of canneries will
not change the situation once the maximum productivity of the field
has been reached. This condition is further controlled by two factors
which in a way predetermine the correctness of the foregoing state-
ment, i. e., (a) the escapement of salmon for reproductive purposes,
and (6) the area of the spawning grounds.
There was no great nes in the value of products, possibly for
the reason that the Government, through the Food Administration,
regulated prices upon all grades of salmon, thus preventing any
notable rise in prices for canned salmon. A large part of the pack of
canned salmon was commandeered for military uses by the United
States and allied nations.
The production of canned salmon in southeastern Alaska exceeded
that of 1917 by less than 81,000 cases, the only increase being that of
chum salmon, which hardly more than equaled the falling off in the
other species. The run of salmon seemed to be rather general and
uniform throughout the district, in striking contrast to that of 1917,
when the bulk of the catch was made in the Icy Strait district.
Sixteen new canneries were operated in southeastern Alaska in 1918,
while 2 of those operating in 1917 were dropped from the list, thus
making a net gain of 14.
In central Alaska 3 new canneries were put into operation, while 1
was discontinued, the net gain being 2. Of the new plants, 2 are
credited to the Prince William Sound district and 1 to the Kodiak
section. Central Alaska shows a greater gain in the number of cases
of canned salmon produced than either the southeastern or western
districts, there being an increase of approximately 380,000 cases, or
more than 35 per cent. This is due to a considerably better catch
of cohos, chums, and humpbacks. There was a moderate decline in
the number of cases of kings and reds packed, which as regards the
latter was due to a falling off of nearly 50 per cent in the run of red
salmon at Karluk and the south end of Kodiak Island.
The industry in western Alaska shows a gain of 1 cannery, 2 plants
having been put in operation in 1918, while 1 was permanently dis-
mantled and closed. There was a tremendous run of red salmon to
Bristol Bay which struck with full force immediately after the rivers
were free from ice. The canneries were almost swamped with fish
at the beginning of the season. This condition prevented the largest
use of the available supply of salmon and curtailed the pack some-
what. This, however, was not without some benefit to the run,as a
oe aie escapement of fish to the spawning grounds undoubtedly
resulted.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 4]
For the first time in the history of the industry a salmon cannery
was operated on the Yukon River and made a small pack of coho,
chum, humpback, and king salmon. Expectations in respect to the
probable pack were not realized, as fishing could not begin until the
river was free from ice, which did not occur until late in June. It was
reported by those interested in the commercial exploitation of the
salmon fisheries of the Yukon that a very large run of coho, chum,
and king salmon, especially the latter, ascended the river, there being
countless millions of these fish; they further stated that no appre-
ciable impression on the supply of salmon in that region could be
made if a number of canneries were in operation.
This view seems to have been shared by a number of persons who
have lived on the Yukon for years, as several of them have reported an
almost inexhaustible supply of salmon annually ascending the Yukon.
Contrary opinions, equally well supported, hold that the run of
salmon was not large and that it would not be able to stand the drain
of commercial fishing without seriously jeopardizing the continuing
supply and depriving local inhabitants of an important and indispen-
sable food article. Exact knowledge of the salmon runs in the Yukon
River is limited, and until further investigations can be made the
correctness of either contention is problematical. Realizing the
great importance of the situation, the Bureau plans to have a thor-
ough and comprehensive study made as soon as practicable by sev-
eral of the best authorities on the habits and runs of salmon.
In western Alaska the increase in pack over that of 1917 was
approximately 200,000 cases, more than half of which was red salmon.
The next greatest increase was in the pack of chums, which was more
than double that of 1917, when 51,000 cases were produced.
Approximately 24,500,000 red salmon were taken in western
Alaska in 1918, of which number about 23,000,000 were utilized in the
canning industry, while the remaining 1,500,000 were pickled.
SALMON CATCH AND FORMS OF GEAR.
As heretofore, the apparatus employed in the salmon fisheries of
Alaska consisted. chiefly of gill nets, seines, and pound nets or traps.
There were 838 seines in operation, the aggregate length of which was
131,127 fathoms. This is an increase of 239 over the number of seines
used in 1917, southeast Alaska showing an increase of 175, central
Alaska an increase of 59, and western Alaska a gain of 5.
In the salmon industry 4,367 gill nets, measuring 479,112 fathoms
were used. They were divided among the three districts as follows:
Southeast Alaska, 435 gill nets, a gain of 7 over the number reported in
1917; central Alaska, 1,158, an increase of 9; and western Alaska,
2,774, a decrease of 762. This is a net decrease of 746 gill nets
from 1917:
There were in use in the salmon industry 79 floating and 473 driven
pound nets, a total of 552. This is an increase of 82 over 1917. Of
the number operated in 1918, southeast Alaska had 79 floating and 290
driven, gains of 7 and 47, respectively; central Alaska had 166 driven
pound nets, a gain of 30 over 1917, the increase being largely due to
the operations of two new canneries in the western part of the district
and the introduction of this apparatus in Prince William Sound, where
it had not formerly been used; and western Alaska had 17 driven
pound nets, as against 19 in 1917, a decrease of 2.
42 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Considering Alaska in its entirety, there was an increase over 1917
of 33 per cent in the number of fathoms of seines operated in the sal-
mon industry; the number of fathoms of gill nets decreased 2.9 per
cent; and pound nets increased 17 per cent in number.
Of the total catch of salmon in Alaska in 1918, 41 per cent were
taken by pound nets, 30 per cent by seines, 28 per cent by gill nets, and
1 per cent by lines, dip nets, and wheels.. In 1917 seines caught 32
per cent of the salmon taken in Alaska, pound nets 39 per cent, gill nets
28 per cent, while the other appliances caught the remaining 1 per
cent. The catch by pound nets in 1918 increased 2 per cent, but the
catch by gill nets remained the same asin 1917. The catch by seines
decreased 2 per cent from that of 1917. The following table shows
the proportionate catch by districts according to the principal kinds
of apparatus used:
PERCENTAGE OF SALMON CAauGHT IN EacH District BY PRINCIPAL FoRMS OF
GEAR.
Southeast Alaska. Central Alaska. Western Alaska.
“Apparatus. SS SS
1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918
¥ Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent.
Seines: Ft ae Fee Ne pee ES at 41 38 48 39 2 4
IPOUNG NiGtesee eee eee a tees coe eee tee 55 58 38 48 4 4
Gill NBES | Fee Ae See ee ie eh 2 2 12 11 94 90
~The total take of salmon in Alaska in 1918 was 101,454,688, as
against 92,600,495 in 1917, an increase of 8,854,193. There was a
decrease of 2,109,110 salmon in southeast Alaska, and an increase of
8,534,072 in central Alaska, and 2,429,231 in western Alaska. Fur-
ther comparison of the catch of Alaska as a whole with that of 1917
shows that chums increased 5,633,240, humpbacks 3,441,091, cohos
807,428, and kings 131,416. Reds declined 1,158,982.
In this connection it appears of interest to record that a total of
838 seines used in the salmon fisheries of Alaska took 29;986,747
salmon, an average of 35,783 per seine; a total of 552 pound nets used
in the same fisheries caught 41,725,505 salmon, an average of 75,589
per pound net. The relative efficiency of the two forms of gear was
at the ratio of 7 to 15 in favor of pound nets.
SaLtMon TAKEN IN 1918, By SPECIES AND APPARATUS, FOR EACH GEOGRAPHIC SECTION
oF ALASKA.
Apparatus and species. Southeast Neath seen Total.
Seines: Number. Number. Number. Number.
Coho; orsilver-.).2he. sce ce ecere ce eee. 373, 266 91,161 3, 909 468, 336
Chum ior: ketasn- cee sne ee ee eee en 5, 313, 484 1, 904, 905 218, 056 7, 436, 445
Humppack,'Or pink=cecessn se cnoee eee enon 13, 443, 548 4,903, 845 110, 876 18, 458, 269
King, or Spring siscavs eet REE eee eee 16, 765 1, 468 439 23, 672
ROG, OL SOCKOYO <= eee adeno acer 795, 843 1, 905, 680 898, 502 3, 600, 025
Total jan stajee. teases Lecce ace tee eee 19, 942, 906 8, 807, 059 1, 236, 782 29, 986, 747
Gill nets: han fret hens) a PST...
Coho for/Silver ti) 325.02 soo. roe eee. 249, 249 459, 584 127, 194 836, 027
Chin OF Olas 6.4 - ss icicccema 8 di aeeee bones 198, 720 274, 962 682, 493 1,156, 175
HM pPPACK Om pINKe Wt ~.- cones ook ee eae 91, 385 29, 597 221, 498 342, 480
Keine sorispring ss. U Seck cee ies BES, 20, 935 90, 145 92, 764 203, 844
REG) OrSOGb Ovi. aa cteeo ee - ca. nen cdeoad 516, 721 1, 737, 758 23, 420, 020 25, 674, 499
Mobal Aico tai. else lS, sco tewauck 1,077,010 2,592,046 | 24,543, 969 28, 213, 025
FISHERY INDUSTRIES.
43
SaLmon TAKEN IN 1918, By SPECIES AND APPARATUS, FOR EACH GEOGRAPHIC
Section or ALASKA—Continued.
Apparatus and species. rece cara oe Total.
Pound nets: Number Number. Number. Number.
Cohosor'silver <2. 5 soc ne toes bo ee eeeeek 699, 726 338, 432 10, 000 1, 048, 158
iim or Kotas= ot eee ne 3, 645, 567 1, 409, 411 210, 195 5, 265, 173
Eumpback,orspinke ss) so oe eeeeeeeeee eee o 24, 087, 172 4,985, 417 430, 617 29, 503, 206
Kings or spring: . Jo. aucsucessat ee epnecae aces 31, 667 27, 951 9, 902 9, 520
Red; OL SOCKOYO--saanenceceste concer a ce aceS 1, 422, 786 4,038, 379 378, 583 5, 839, 748
Totaleriseeteccee eee sere sccecche 29,886,918 | 10,799, 590 1, 039, 297 41, 725, 805
Lines:
Coho; or Silver’. = ssaccccesa cee Sec scutes = BOON SOD Aw cticswroms cs sale wmccesceceens 300, 395
Chimmioriketa sates ok hp wnc cece eases PO SOOM Ee coacn octet |SeeaaefSes ee = 2s 29, 500
Homphback, orspinks-2.. 5. .sessscmscecesecs 92269 Fees masta sae] a onesie eicn «eee 9, 269
Ran pe Or Springtens os sone oe abled deta aoeae Si LON Nessie acest ease cecicmacece 371,719
IROGSOLSOCKOY Ome cee ciem oe sc cersacinae a ncicere ALOR Saat eel celet ants | Ceiselemeee acia.se 21, 108
MOC Set eee ste ce os co werk ecm s ae cies see's 7OL, GOL [Steet aseasSace|ae eee ccs celles 731, 991
Dip nets:
COHoOR OLSEN ane se toss sas eee SALE Ee ee S350 Sn| esses ee els 8, 503
RGM STOR SPUM Es. cae of sek cane cere ninaeceacclciebaceccsseede ROO! Siaccwe Satan 8,890
REGNDESOCKE YO sens ce tee nsec econ een cereal ate oe acetone DO2Z680 see te. 202, 685
RGA lettemtse eae sete aae Geean cece cance menE lear ere ciecismece P2OSOT8A toe nac jomnee se 220, 078
Wheels:
Wohovor silvers se cok ces ad. hee om ree te cn ee toee Soe oes Swccoteueatioes 250, 262 250, 262
GChumAonketarn = 28 sees see se dskee Sas ose pecs cece |S Pe Senet 273, 525 273,525
Einmppacksor pinks os oe aoe seh nckc eisai (ne ce seeebe sea lnebemmemecescs 3, 138 3, 138
MEINE OLISPLINE coe o ciceint Boe vnte eee tee oa [Setitdabiceceedaliecececencuece 50, 117 50, 117
otal ean See ee eee ae na Seer IM Raed eS eee UI LA ood 8 577, 042 577,042
Total: ;
Wohozor silver2e 8. st as Ja ae ! 1, 622, 636 897, 680 391, 365 2,911, 681
Ghninmtociketanticct bo Galea 9, 187, 271 3, 589, 278 1, 384, 269 14, 160, 818
Humpback, or pink.... 37, 631, 374 9,918, 859 766, 129 48, 316, 362
King, or spring......... 441, 086 128, 454 58, 222 727, 762
ROA MOL SOGKOVOntcce asus ose e seen aetn caer 2, 756, 458 7, 884, 502 24, 697, 105 35, 338, 065
Grandstotalese-seo ce ee nea 51, 638,825 | 22,418,773 | 27,397,090 | 101, 454, 688
SALMON CANNING.
NEW CANNERIES.
The number of salmon canneries in Alaska was increased during
1918 by the addition of 17 over the number reported for 1917, making
a total of 135 for the Territory
In southeastern Alaska 16 new canneries were put in operation,
but there was a net gain of only 14, one plant, that of Robert Scott,
at Craig, having failed to resume operations in 1918, while the plant
of the Sunny Point Packing Co. was destroyed by fire in 1917 and was
not rebuilt.
The new plants are as follows:
JANUS STEN TE! 02" ros (al ee ea ee ee Say Ate a er Petersburg.
PMR ETEROCRI Set terrors oe ke eee So et so ee Washington Bay.
Aika Packie & Navigation Cow: Ls. d5. 9. Sui Jeeta ses iin die Pavlof Harbor.
EI CRIPANI NE AE AIAG ois). Seis J: et bates pyaen dss oes 2 sige sebes Juneau.
SIT LAS EIEN IR ie alc’ 0 ae sale Metlakatla.
Role rite POH OO 2a oc So au ots 3 2 hse ne + seop eds wate sae Tenakee.
WESera OAuNOW WOr se wok. csvset Ss Sees es oe ees oe ene eee Port Althorp.
PiminensilcheaAnnine COC stelos20 2.5. O12. SL A BE Hood Bay.
epee earn aen sy. S42 Beitr es ee ses wo os tne Samp ba ee one Douglas.
irene ete APG. LETC oie acta so one 5 + bin win bebe beet elem uneau.
Desa ATE OR) cistaie a's any ae =\-'- «= = 2 «wos eee age weenie = = - Steamboat Bay.
Pypuswas acre raceine Oo. 982...) 2. |. 2 ee a: --Pybus Bay
PYremaire escent ee! oe ice Ali. 25). Ree ea oT Sitka.
SouthemmAbiska we anning Gono .2. sa: 2...) [aoe A ie St Quadra Bay.
ioddt Fie in er SP ee et st. Pee Peril Strait.
Bae on Vldete Oa ae oe ns. os Vane Rees Soc ce ans Thomas Bay.
44 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
In central Alaska 3 new canneries were operated, making a net
gain of 2 for the district, as the plant of the Deep Sea Salmon Co., at
Knik Arm, was discontinued. The new canneries are as follows:
Alaska Sea Food Co- fn. Sic atte bances cots ob ccccn ane . Cordova.
Alitalk. Packing (0 lo) 2.0 f-.gt eee om aneae | eee ee eee .--Lazy Bay.
Kenai, Packinm Go.2 25: §2oe Se 5. ter Pere -harherc- eo eee Drier Bay.
Tn western Alaska 2 new canneries were opened, but there was anet
gain of only one as the canning of salmon at the plant of the Pacific
American Fisheries, at Makushin Bay, was discontinued. The new
canneries are as follows:
Garinle Packane Oo. 2-025... a bk Se eee seco qos eee Andreafski (floating).
NortnwestemmsbisheresiCoe cer ceo. ce eo eo eee cee Naknek River.
CHANGES IN CANNERIES.
Important changes in the ownership of several canneries in Alaska
were noted in 1918. It appears that there is a tendency toward con-
solidation of interests in the salmon-canning business of Alaska, due
apparently in some measure to a movement toward more economical
management and operation. A number of concerns which have been
listed among Alaskan packers for several seasons do not appear in the
list of operators in 1918. Among these may be mentioned the Taku
Canning & Cold Storage Co., at Taku Harbor, which sold its cannery
to Libby, McNeill & Libby; the Wiese Packing Co., which disposed of
its cannery at Rose Inlet to the Southern Alaska Canning Co.; the
Pillar Bay Packing Co., which sold its cannery at Point Ellis to the
Fidalgo Island Packing Co. and ceased to be an operator in Alaska;
the Sanborn-Cram Co. became the Burnett Inlet Packing Co.; the
Sitka Packing Co. acquired the cannery partly constructed in 1917
by J. H. Long, at Sitka, and operated 1t during the season of 1918;
the J. H. Long Packing Co., at Juneau, was succeeded by the Ameri-
can Packing Co., which acquired possession of the cannery of the
tormer concern.
There were also a number of changes in the ownership or control
of salmon canneries in Alaska, which, however, did not affect the
name of the companies concerned. Mention may be made of the
following acquisitions: The Wilson Fisheries Co. now controls the
Alaska Herring & Sardine Co., at Port Walter, and the J. L. Smiley
Co., at Ketchikan. Both of these plants were improved, the former
by the installation of three lines of canning machines, and the latter
by the addition of one line. The Northern Fisheries (Inc.), pur-
chased the Alaska Salmon Co., but continued the operation of the
cannery on Wood River in the name of the latter company.
The cannery at Abercrombie, Alaska, on the Copper River, formerly
operated by the Copper River Packing Co., is now operated in the
name of the Abercrombie Packing Co. The Bering Sea Packing Co.,
at Herendeen Bay, became the Everett Packing Co. The cannery of
the Astoria & Puget Sound Canning Co., at Excursion Inlet, destroyed
by fire in 1917, was rebuilt in time for operations in 1918.
Of the number of canneries in operation in 1917, each of the three
districts of Alaska as subdivided by this report lost one, as follows:
In southeastern Alaska the cannery of Robert Scott, at Craig, ceased
to operate; in central Alaska, the Deep Sea Salmon Co. dismantled
its cannery on Knik Arm, Cook Inlet; in western Alaska, the Pacific
American Fisheries permanently closed its cannery at Makushin Bay,
but statedits intention to continue cod-fishery operationsin that region.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. ~ . 45
CANNERIES OPERATED IN 1918.
There were 135 salmon canneries in operation in Alaska in 1918,
divided among the three districts as follows: Southeast Alaska, 76;
central Alaska, 29; western Alaska, 30.
CoMPANIES CANNING SALMON IN ALASKA, NUMBER AND LOCATION OF CANNERIES
OPERATED, AND NuMBER OF PouND NETS OwneED By Eacu.
Name. wae Location. une
Southeast Alaska:
‘AllssikaiClam Canning’ Co: ssoc-<.ccce sas gos casees= WiPetersbure st a. 2 cascce scac-meleeeaaeeeee
Alaska mish Coes-tecac cece ceanccehsetaaewenaee 2 S| PWWatertalleg ieee ctene-cecen 2
Allis ee HISNOHGS COvacee see eee sene cece. oeceeas Washing tonip ay ecne ce sco: cleaners
Alaska Herring & Sardine Co..............-.....- hort Wialterseenccs sco ce a. eeeceeieee
Chilkkootecsoee cease cesscose 11
AlsskaliPacifieaisheriess sess ccc ecct tie sec cn ccc Sis Choma vices es cee ate agers sea ag
MMOS Bay ce262 seme teases seme b 13
Alaska Pacifie Herring Cox... 02222222. - 2c ose DS) | Bare) VEINS es Socra ce eendlsessecnose
Alaska Packers Association. ......-..-..-.--.--- oa cpr ie eee enteee:
Alaska Packing & Navigation Co................. a} Pavlot Harbor = Setesc ose ceec|aeeaaee eee
Alaska Sanitary Packing Coes 22.2 22.2 2.55 cece. tT WWLAUPOl ence meas iceet 3
PATMONICAN EL ACKINEICO-ecta(ic Se ne elas teneeesecesices Wy |S OUMO GTS Cas sos oe a cetes cicwiasie,c| ster stoeiors are
Anacortes Fisheries Co... ---2.--2+2-220-22000+0- ZA sree beeper me cp 3
Annette Island Packing Co..........-.....------- Di Metlakatlasets..csssssce-cce 5
Astoria & Puget Sound Canning Co..............- iS \gexcursion Inlote ss cee sce ce. 10
Auk Bay Salmon Canning Co........-.....--.---- Ay AOR BaA Ys os cae scciee aces acens 7
iBaranol: Packing: Cosscassence seco rae oes canes Te eRed (Blur wb ay. sso eeeneee di
Barnes sh: ACO ad aa sete nee teem atise rec jaciesoe = i akeiBavettsosccecce ce ccs ce 3
iBeepleiPacking Cos tssssssse esse reas fee see ee ae 1} Ketchikan... e4
iBurmett) MlettPackinn Cos sane a ee 1| Burnett Inlet . d 4
(Or) (ee Seed Oe eS ae eae) a a 1| Deweyville... rel
Columbia Salmon Co 2 ee ao2
SEs lus oe Sn nai Fl ace ss 4
ord Arm d4
Deepisesisalmon Col <<a eat seas aac << 2a 2 {bord Althorp 413
DoyhotsishyProducts Co--. .283: 35-2 232.2 S52 eae 1 SUE ae di
. : a etchikan . 8
Hidalgolsisnd'Packine: Co. sae. os. 5 Pacnccc sence 2 ae Bay. 6
Georgertnlen Backine Co 22a. jen ce ane ans Sones 1 | George Inlet 1
IFPaITION PECK OCOE sae fee see ee ee so acne oe In eetinkonCoverse.t ssrseocccn see epeeee
Ppbara sis Ere Gr COU mca e ee sa ee eine Sane aa ss 1 Aas ee a Ae re ele (a ee ae
: : ‘idden Inle t5
‘Hidden: Inlet Canning:Go-estnss. 284) 2. hatch 2, {Hood Bay. We 4
ambier Bay. 9
HoonahlPacking Co: ssea--nJ-eeeecs ses s6 cs eee 2 tienen diet 916
LUT OICO a Gren Wiewtae ne sua eee aes aioe s fatan Wiss 1| Nakat Harbor 98
Karheen Packing Co 1| Karheen.. 5
Keegan, T. E. P....... its bes Day) FEC ei ee ee Oe ee el ee
Kepchikanvbackings Cotes. se scskeesnc op cns soceecee My | NGICHIK Anise Seeeeeess a eae eee oe
TANG CANVLIHEINS So arse chee ee eccie.etes ce ocdee Us «Moira Sound).2 225 oh eso ceae les tenes
Libby, McNeill & Libby..........22..2.02--20--+ BiH pane BTDOE: 7
Marathon Fishing & Packing Co................-- | Petersburg: ett ss sec ees Seetees coe
MyersidaCoenGeo alts set nae one hoe cit cate see ss 1 | Chatham.. 9
North Pacific Trading & Packing Co...:......... fy KGa Wake So ee a ee oe roe
Norther *Packingi@o: (ine. \e se e-) . oe cook Ay aan eae oe ae oa ys ys ee ee ee
Dundas Bay £13
Hunter Bay el
Northwestern Fisheries Co......................-- 5 }{ Quadra. -. 5
Roe Point.. Te
; SEL E WIEN Ee a eooc eed pose uceece
Noyes Island "Packine!Goeses: cc secs conse: <> sns se i pSteanmibost Bays. cnc. oe a-| sescueseee
Pacific American HisheniGs. jee ce ceeslee~ cass acces k 1 | Excursion Inlet 16
Petersburg Packing Co...... 1 | Petersburg. 4
Point Warde Packing Co.... £2 IF PE GIntAWardGsee see. soe oes eee
ure Hood. Fish Cow. .2..-<..-2- ead 1] Ketchikan... e4
Pybus as Fish & Packing Co.... coe i) | WR VDUSIBAY recs teacecee no eec|lscaes ame
Pyramid Packing Co.............. F eS yi ¢: aed eee ee el eee ee ee
Sanborn-Cutting Co. .............. me 1] Kake ds
Sitka Packing Co........ sae We SLU eases eee ci SF ciate coe Sacton: ses <n e
DUM eon COe =. cen. ce lst ececescc ese dnceesce 1 ae F a
- uadra Bay e
Southern Alaska Canning Co........-..2.2.+2++-. 2 {Quadra Bay - A
Starr-Collinson Packing Co......... 25 oe eee 1 | Moira Sound.. a5
Straits sk ackinpy Coens et oe eee se cee eee SES ROW PATIO ors secon ts icctcpaa Pace decease
Sunny ‘Point Packing Coscce 20 ees eee ke 1 | Ketchikan....... : eat e5
a 4 floating. ¢6 floating. e1 floating. 9 2 floating.
b 9 floating. @ All floating. f 3 floating.
160695°—20—_20
46 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
CompaNIES CANNING SALMON IN ALASKA, NUMBER AND LocaTION oF CANNERIES
OPERATED, AND NuMBER OF PounpD Nets OwNED By Eacu—Continued.
7 Can- - Pound
Name. erie Location. mete:
Southeast Alaska—Continued.
Swift-Arthur-CrospyC0s 2.) sewers sarmee cone ae i) -Heesta Tsland: - -ssesseeeee 4
Nee HarboriPacking (Cos. 22.2. Se. cee ke eee eee ce 1 | ReeJHarbor. 3... - 220s seek pees
Tendkee Hisheries COs. ..s5-< sess cee =o eneesnad 1 | Tenakee Inlet...........-..- 6
Thinker Packing Coss is 22. he. oa: See eects D ennter. ese osha ae 23
Todd. Packing Colteem ate. = 52S Soh. aie ee ees tl Pernt Straitecses secs pena a
Union! Bay hushenries' COs.5-s0-c 6. cece soso sacees as) Onion Bay=-< 25-2 ssceeeee 4
Van- VilackesbiesaiCon. 52 -Ja. sale eee } | Thomas Bay: 2s Swe eee wee
Ward’s Cove:nackingiGos: . 565.5 Be siete eee 4 "Ward Cove. cs-2-2<-2 2s 2
Central Alaska:
‘Abercrombietbackivig Cre. o--s-e-- snes ances 1) “Abercrombie: 2.2. < a2+=2eee4|seeeeeeeee
INE se Seg Seee a soe-2< 322 4
Alaska Packers Association. ...............-....-. 4 aan Of. ie a ea oo
Larsen Bay <<s.55-265.2-=22 -|oeeeeeaeee
Alaska Sea Hood |Co. Se e5s-2se eee cee sa eens TV | (Cordova:s. .222220. se 2 once lee
‘AlitakPackiny: Coit a." ose seo en eee 1) eazy Bayne. Scceeses cere 2
Canibe (Pass?Picking (Conc gce-- ee eee eee ene Te Shepardsbomtas. esas 4
Carlisle Packing Cosi2.52 ficicc-easteee ceases aoe I Cordova. 4 <a as ae 9
Clark-Graham)\Co2 5.323 so 522 saa ane oe eee i)|; Hyak Rivers-.22-5-s22 oss lea ee
Columbia River Packers’ Association............- PO Chignik--s 320 oboe sen pees 6
Copper, River Packing (Col mee soma. asnen 2=\ase one 1) PortNellis Juans -n22-eee 4
Hidaizo Island ‘Packing/Co=t s--.-2s2s2_- 2+. +e eee i | Port (Graham nao se os seen 5
Hoonsh’ Packing! Co 1285. 4-525. es ee eee 1) Katalla. 2.225. . eee eee
Kadiaktishorics Co? ss2ccunet senses ma ekaeeeee- ly] Kodiak 3s 5 ae 1
iKenaiPacking Conc sia soo some ess ae oe ae eee 1'|: Drier Bayecs.- cc esos eee
Libby. MeNeilliq@uvibby.? -cossss- sce- sce co lesee ee 1) Kenai >. 3. Saeeee cee eee 16
Lighthouse Canning Cos222 5.5. 52 o.- 4.5 52-4es cen 1 | Cordova.2 <a. «cee sn eeeeeeee eee ee
Moore?Packing'Cout.csecesece aso geek sncnee eee 1] (Oreatiniet. 2. So nsec ote eee 1
Chignik 2-225 fe seeeeeeee 3
Kenai. 16
~ Northwestern Fisheries Co...............-.------- 6 Orcass. setae ceca eae eee Eee
Seldovia 7
Uyak... BF ees Ane
Pacific American Fisheries...............-------- 2 Kine Cove ; ie
San Juan Fishing & Packing Co. (Inc.) < A iseward ss. 32. &.|acseaelee se
Sockeye!Salmion/Co. 7-7. --- 5. sca. 1 | Morzhovoi Bay......-.-.--.- 3
Valdez Packing Co....... 3 ae ociem oe iaicisnee Lal Valdez ses. 222t eeeee 4
Western Alaska:
Ne Re 2 Bie eaisesiee lee
es 3 wots aknek River (3)... .
Alaska Packers A'ssociation:|. 532922. 228-2 s-<- 2-1 8 Nevaha gak Bay (2).-
Ugaguk River...
Alaska-Portland Packers’ Association . - 1 | Nushagak Bay
Alaska Salmon Co...... 1 | Wood River...
Bristol Bay Packing Go 1 | Kvichak River........
CarlisleiPacking Conti nae e sees: Told reafskie. sss so eee
Columbia River Packers’ Association. 1 | Nushagak Bay. :-2J..2.--1-
Everett Packing Co.......... 1 | Herendeen Bay....-..-.-..-
Hidalgo Island ‘Packing 'Col.2so52 tl ewss sence sane Tees Ont or seco cee eee
Usacuko Rivencncnc psc
= ee. (Ekuk)...... s
A F - vichak Bayicnc: sc omaaenoee é
Libby, McNeill & Libby. -............-.....-.--- 6 Libbyville (Kvichale Bay)..|.
Lockanok (Kvyichak River). :
Nushagak:2-..cccwseces eee ee ee
Midnight: Sun Packing' Cones nc. aee- eee eee eee 1) -Kotzepdes. oon ccneenee eee ee 1
Nalksiok ‘Packing 'Con 5-22 ec cacceue tee teeee bate 1} Naknek Rivers. i225. 5 <.2dl.coeeeeeee
Nelson agoon Packing'Co. 22) (52h ares neeasen 1 | Nelson Lagoon.............. 5
Northwestern Fisheries Co.............--------+-- 2 {Nashows ener TOSSES S2SG0 Sree acc 2s 2
Paciic American Wisheriés oo <- noe assoc cee eeeeee 1) SPort Mollers* ocece cre Sec che 3
Phoenix! Packing) Cos 225. 5s sees ceen ena eae 1 ciorend pen BBY Sue weet nneece paeeaeeees
: QkNGK RIVEU saci scent vaste eae eee
Red)Salmon' Canning: Coxe- 5 saessechaasceeencene 2 Ugashik River-........20.s.|sssseeeee
STATISTICS.
The number of salmon canneries in operation in Alaska in 1918
was 135, which is an increase of 17 over 1917. The investment in
the salmon-canning industry was $63,901,397, as compared with
$46,865,271 in 1917. Of this increase, southeastern Alaska is cred-
ited with $9,042,071; central Alaska, $2,547,890; and western Alaska
with $5,446,165.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 47
The industry gave employment in 1918 to 26,502 persons, an
increase of 3,152. Whites increased 2,312 and Chinese 460. Frilipi-
nos are classified separately, there being 1,338 employed in 1918.
Natives decreased 90, Japanese 132, and Mexicans 105. The num-
ber of miscellaneous persons employed fell off 910, due to the segrega-
tion of the Filipinos.
The total pack of canned salmon in Alaska in 1918 was 6,605,835
cases, valued at $51,041,949, being an increase of 658,549 over the
5,947,286 cases packed in 1917 and $4,737,859 over the $46,304,090
value of the pack in 1917. The 1918 pack surpasses all records, in
respect to both quantity and value, and shows a gain of 113? per
cent in production and 10} per cent in value. Comparing the pack
of 1918 in each district with that of 1917, the following changes are
noted: Southeastern Alaska advanced from 3,294,845 to 3,375,445,
a gain of 80,600 cases; central Alaska increased from 1,017,206 to
1,391,951, an increase of 374,745 cases; and western Alaska advanced
from 1,635,235 to 1,838,439, a gain of 203,204 cases over the pack of
1917. A further comparison shows that cohos advanced from 193,231
to 218,958, a gain of 25,727 cases; chums increased from 906,747 to
1,364,960, an advance of 458,213 cases; humpbacks increased from
2,296,976 to 2,438,954, a gain of 141,978 cases; and reds advanced
from 2,488,381 to 2,533,737, an increase of 45,356 cases. The king
salmon pack shows a decline from 61,951 to 49,226, a falling off of
12,725 cases from the 1917 pack. This may be attributed to the
revival of the mild-cure business, which suffered some setbacks in
1917 on account of the war, and to the larger quantity frozen.
INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON-CANNING INDUSTRY IN 1918.
Items. Southeast Alaska. | Central Alaska. Western Alaska. Total.
No. Value. No. Value. No. Value. | No. Value.
Canneries operated....... 76 185, 981, 072 29 1$2, 130, 051 30 |$4, 687, 956 135 |$12, 799,079
Working capitale =. 25.406 22528 L863, 980i aeose. yay a LW ol |p ea 3005, 510) 52052 24, 580, 591
wees 11 a Se ee |e Lists, ie: ty 7 a 2; 643561015 22-325 55,280; 985 |o2ccee 5 13, 821, 068
essels:
Power vessels over 5
COUSH oes stncce dese 342 | 2,121,425 89 817, 880 97 | 1,988, 187 528 | 4,927,492
Net tonnage...... G5 165" Loose seek 2; 484s le sss ee G3920) Neos soes PR S20) | porate a5 a2
Launches under 5
RAHSee Bian ceca ce 163 153, 703 148 150, 449 37 139, 904 348 444, 056
CUE TET Ses Sen ee a led 1 45, 000 9 368, 500 34 | 1,624,010 44 2,037, 510
Net tonnage...... le 97Gb sea ee 4. AM SS Ses ee 5ES058' Hs. Saee Se S G7 004, | Seecae ees =e.
arge Rint siotmisenaqerct 3 LOL Oa sears | Maes eae ee sees oe ee Leese see. 23,673
et tonnage...... PNET (ae ne: FEN (SRS | ESE ae eek! eee ee eee D205) | eee eee
; 5
Boats, sailand row...} 1,140 104, 711 730 64,702 | 1,518 269,066 | 3,383 438, 479
Lighters, scows, and
house-boats........ 370 254, 960 217 168, 958 190 251, 836 777 675, 654
Pile drivers.......... 54] 202,842 40] 156,535 29 95,421 123 544, 898
Apparatus:
Haul Seines oc cue sue 68, 330 115 49, 868 11 1,410 266 119, 608
WathomsS fcc see sa) 10-85 loses cco. Hie OZEW, se mcueiaoe T45U oe tees ae 30) 492) (oi. ee
Purse seines........-- 285, 666 34, 280 34 47,900 4 367, 846
BLOM. cc cceen OO, LeU cae a ones 9. G86 Poaceae ee 9! 150s ee seas 7, Obl | tsuseease
Glliniets ys ers 2: 224 41,748 1, 067 112,484 | 2,656 516, 556 aa! 670, 788
Fathoms CURT N | Teas ns SOLOTSI| esa teeteeee BSGh 0S 2b ateascsbe: AGO SO2 7G see eae
Pound nets, driven... 286 | 1,626,951 140 551, 813 17 59, 386 443 2, 238, 150
Pound nets, floating. 77 PLO VES Oe cocker See wars ea aes lee oes 77 210, 432
DIP Meise... ag Ol (ieee se ea 36 ro Ree eee 36 450
Fis ord ys es SS es See enamel epiaers Semis 6 1,336 6 1,336
Hand lines........... 4 0) Pea | DPR ae 134 127 138 287
ODA reece Wy. Fs Bret AY ee 11,960, 681.222.2502 22,969, 590 |.......- 63, 901, 397
48 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE SALMON-CANNING INDUSTRY IN 1918.
Southeast Central Western
Occupations and races. Alaska. Alaska, ‘Alaska Total.
Fishermen:
Wifes 5. ook oS Sadeds das fs eee de cemeccn rocpeiee 1,530 1,307 3, 296 6, 133
NatiVeSie ton scentethes - 26s ose ce eee een cee see = ees 1,507 290 202 1,999
TAP SMESO Pacis ete eee ao ce miei eee a = nin matanin] Seka cla imate ate sl eo severe 1
Mexicans: - Seaheee a soee cr einer recat eee AN) AS ok usa vee Sootureeseese 47
Miscellaneous! Geran crac ic tes cscocneneene sees 243|. shes Seed |b eset eeeeee 243
Nobalk= 2x See cee cles soem: SS eet Be R-e eees 3,327 1,598 3,498 &, 423
Shoresmen Tas.
WIRES Ss Sapee aa ee eercee tesa soe notes ees 3,339 889 2,014 6, 242
Natives! j 255-8 Seetee tes coset cits. qos os satiate 1,561 581 573 puis
GHINGSES. Se at eons Feo see eae neces econo see 1,374 562 798 2, 734
JAPANOSOee Hes name eae tac cata eee ceaneeek eee 822 303 339 1, 464
IRIN PIN OST tees ae oes oe ee a Pa ona ee ere ee 731 279 328 1,338
Mexicans i tet. sth fact Sane. noe sen aw eae cemot ees see 229 229 1, 204 1, 662
Miscellaneous a---Jee-ce ~aee eee eee See eee 129 55 458 642
Total shi 5ss5c jas hela seeped sea et eone 8,185 2,898 5,714 16, 797
Transporters: itr 2) le leu, saat ke
BA WWIDIDOS: sees wei tincne Sac in as ee oa ee es Pe 697 301 221 1,219
Natives. 820s. ce 55. oo geome fae tana oe eee neee 15 24 5 44
Miscellaneous (G53. 2 < (nines fs aiden aecienios of emaeee 10 5 4 19
AUN BNE bE ot aera oan soneodsacsias sonetoaqcopss 722 330 230 1, 282
Grand total:
Whites 5, 566 2,497 5,531 13, 594
Natives 8, 083 895 780 4,758
Chinese 1,374 562 798 2) 734
MAPALESOSs te sas aoe ease esse «cee see ee ee 822 304 339 1,465
Hilipin Ose 2 see ot ann. Peas des ede Sa ae, ea aes 731 279 328 1, 338
Mexicans a sen coss tec ce casein sees seemegsaccissise 276 229 1, 204 1, 709
Miscellaneousiar: 25.27 is. Jee5. . fesoee here & eee 382 60 462 904
Motaluis oseaa cake oases actos see see ee scam eeeen eee ee 12, 234 4,826 9, 442 26, 502
a Porto Ricans, Kanakas, Negroes, ete.
OutTPuT OF CANNED SALMON IN 1918.4@
Product. Southeast Alaska. Central Alaska. Western Alaska. Total.
Coho, or silver: Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value. Cases. Value.
3-pound flat...... 22,598) $275, 879 3,009 $38, 508 631 $8, 076 26,238] $322, 463
1-pound flat...... 8,898] 79,252| 1,297 11,768} 2,661) 25,545] 12,786, 116,565
1-pound tall...... 115, 828] 1, 005, 039} 55,598 484, 996) 8, 508) 75,916} 179,934} 1, 565,951
Total-2-- eese an 147,324] 1,360,170) 59,834 535,272} 11,800) 109,537} 218,958} 2,004,979
Chum, or keta:
4-pound flat...... 3, 559 SL, 128 | cca caned Meee oeeae one reeeeeleseeeecinee 3, 559 31, 128
1-pound flat...... 2, 996 19, 02) eee Oeics aide soem a ermeeae S- 2, 996 19, 094
1-pound tall...... 953, 961} 5, 956, 446] 300,494) 1,900,437] 103,950) 655,767) 1, 358° 405} 8, 512, 650
Motels passes. 960, 516} 6,006,668) 300,494} 1,900,437] 103,950] 655, 767| 1,364,960] 8, 562, 872
Humpback, or pink:
4-pound flat... ... eh; 128} 563, 470 2, 429 215002) cStee ot |Bet tee tes 63, 557 585, 372
1-pound flat...... 9, 838) 133, 458 "372 2, 678 5 33 20, 215 136, 169
1-pound tall...... uP 05f 417/12, 698, 557} 373,421) 2, 460, 043) 27,344 188, 315] 2,355, 182) 15,346, 915
Tovale ote 2, 035, 383/13, 395,485) 376,222) 2,484,623) 27,349) 188,348) 2,438,954) 16,068, 456
King, or spring:
3-pound flat.....- 4, 275 53, 942) 1, 561 20, 648 164 2,171 6, 000 76, 761
1-pound flat...... 2,343) 22, 852 429 4,160| 2,502) 32,526 5, 267 59, 538
1-pound tall...... 9, 738) 84,310 13, 060 120, 361 15, 161 144, 325 37, 959 348, 996
Motal 4: fe... 16,356, 161,104] 15,043} 145, 169| 17,827| 179,022) 49,226, 485,295
Red, or sockeye: ;
4-pound flat...... 58,580} 761,793) 55,765 726,485| 22,663} 299,150} 137,008) 1,787,428
1-pound flat...... 50,849] 518,507} 41,081 410, 810) 59, 934 591, 680 151, 864} 1,515, 997
1-pound tall...... 106, 437| 935,597] 543,512| 4, 980, 362/1, 594, 916|14, 700, 963] 2, 244, 865] 20, 616, 922
Motalurcee seek 215, 866] 2,210,897] 640,358] 6, 117, 657|1, 677, 513/15, 591, 793] 2, 583, 737| 23, 920, 347
Grand total...) 3,375, 445|23, 134, 324|1, 391, 951] 11, 183, 158)1, 838, 439|16, 724, 467] 6, 605, 835 51, 041, 949
a Cases containing }-pound cans have been reduced one-half in number, and thus, for the purpose of
affording fair comparison, all are put upon the basis of forty-eight 1-pound cans per case.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 49
OuTruT oF CANNED Satmon, 1912 To 1918.4
Product. 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Total.
Coho, or silver: Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases.
3-pound flat...... 2,719 3, 587 4,579 2,050] 13,145] 30,412] 26,238 82, 730
1-pound flat...... 17 266 285| 21338] 8,191 362| 12%786| 24.245
1-pound tall...... 163,462 | °71,926] 152,199} 119,880] 240,573] 162,457 | 179,934 | 1,090,431
Total ee eee 166,198} 75,779 | 157,063] 124,268] 261,909} 193,231 | 218,958 | 1,197, 406
Chum, or keta:
4-pound flat...... 2,795 985 BY 63 Bepaoaceee 1, 423 26, 760 3, 559 35, 895
d= pound fate t-.|seeeee ce 2, 619 5, 568 SGA | mest os cee 2, 530 2, 996 14, 030
1-pound tall...... 661,838 | 287,314 | 657,918 | 479,629 | 722,692 | 877,457 |1,358, 405 | 5,045, 253
Motalenesece a4 664,633 | 290,918 | 663,859 | 479,946 | 724,115 | 906,747 |1,364,960 | 5,095,178
Humpback, or pink: r i
3-pound flat...... 13,712 20, 822 2, 103 4,325 41, 491 91, 403 63, 557 237, 413
fenound flat ees | Sea ee 3, 258 9, 286 3,508 | 14,796 6,014 | 20, 215 57, 077
1-pound tall...... 1, 266, 426 |1, 348, 801 | 974, 660 |1, 867, 683 |1, 681, 506 |2, 199, 559 |2, 355, 182 |11, 693, 817
Motaleece essere 1, 280, 138 {1,372,881 | 986,049 |1, 875,516 |1, 737, 793 |2, 296,976 |2, 438, 954 |11, 988, 307
King, or spring:
3-pound flat...... yaa l 1,585 3, 143 2, 404 2,617 12, 973 6, 000 33, 873
i“ pound Hat ess lease eel Se cee eee 4, 804 3, 755 3, 804 5, 133 5, 267 22, 763
1-pound tall...... 38, 166 32, 785 40, 092 82, 092 59, 452 43, 845 37, 959 334, 391
Total socss ce 43,317 | 34,370 | 48,039| 88,251| 65,873| 61,951 | 49,226} 391,027
Red, or sockeye: ;
4-pound flat.....- 28, 024 29,041 53, 825 52, 033 81,565 | 124,309 | 137,008 505, 805
1-pound flat...... 16,242] 11,735 | 64,671 | 112,847| 86,395] 89,612| 151,864 | 533,366
1-pound tall...... 1, 856,089 |1, 924, 461 |2,083, 147 |1, 765, 139 |1, 936,971 |2, 274, 460 |2, 244, 865 |14, 085, 132
1A-pound nominnls|-eet 26 |b see c eee ee st kee eee 2EDOS' IRA Saas so oll bates Sacer aaede oats 2, 293
P=VPOUNnGNOMUITIAIS 4 eee e ash ieee cane So eee [ean ea 6; 006i acne asssc| aio hniers nee 6,006
Totaleeeer ee 1, 900, 355 |1, 965, 237 |2, 201, 643 |1, 932, 312 |2, 110, 937 |2, 488, 381 |2, 533, 737 |15, 132, 602
Grand total... .|4, 054, 641 |3, 739, 185 |4, 056, 653 |4, 500,293 |4, 900, 627 |5, 947, 286 |6, 605, 835 |33, 804, 520
a The number of cases shown has been put upon the common basis of forty-eigh t 1-pound cans per case.
AVERAGE ANNUAL PRICE PER CASE OF Forty-E1cuT 1-pouND CANS oF SALMON, 1908
To 1918.
Product. 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 | 1916 1917 | 1918
Coho, or silver.........- $3.98 | $4.07 | $4.89 | $5.67 | $4.44 | $3.45 | $4.39 | $4.31 | $5.34 | $8.76 | $9.15
Chumforiketa...5.-..-- 2.53 | 2.28] 3.04 ote DERBY! 2.21 BERS 2. 59 3. 34 6. 14 6. 27
Humpback, or pink....| 2.69] 2.40] 3.15] 3.94] 2.55] 2.58] 3.50] 2.78] 3.64] 6.44] 6.58
King, or spring......... 4.20] 4.32] 5.34 6.48 | 5.37] 4.04 5.01 4.63 | 5.36] 10.40 | 9.85
Red, or sockeye......... 4.52! 4.53] 5.30] 6.33] 5.45] 4.54] 5.58] 5.82] 6.04] 9.48| 9.44
LOSSES AND DISASTERS IN THE SALMON-CANNING INDUSTRY.
The most serious losses in the salmon-canning industry occurred in
western Alaska and were occasioned by the unusual ice conditions
which prevailed there until June. The ice floes in Bristol Bay were
the direct cause of the loss of the ship Tacoma, 1,672 tons net, owned
by the-Alaska Packers Association and valued at $12,500, and of the
pe W. B. Flint, 746 tons net, belonging to Libby, McNeill & Libby
and valued at $35,000. Part of the cargo of the latter vessel was
also lost, having a value of $26,360. A number of other cannery
vessels sustained minor injuries in the ice. The Bureau’s steamer
Roosevelt extended aid to a number of cannery ships in distress in
the ice and rescued 21 men from the Tacoma who had been encamped
for some time on the ice after the ship sank.
50 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Other losses in western Alaska consisted chiefly of miscellaneous
fishing gear, small boats, supplies, and fish, and damages to buildings.
The Everett Packing Co. at Herendeen Bay lost $6,000 worth of
canned salmon, while its cannery buildings were damaged to the
extent of $5,000. Libby, McNeill & Libby lost a scow load of sup-
plies valued at $25,469 and a scow load of fresh salmon worth $14,239.
Two small boats, valued at $1,275, and miscellaneous fishing gear,
worth $9,454, constitute the remaining losses of the western district.
The total losses in western Alaska amounted to $139,297, of which
$106,277 was sustained by Libby, McNeill & Libby.
The total losses in central Alaska aggregated $15,452, consisting
of small boats, scows, skiffs, and a small quantity of fishing gear.
In southeastern Alaska the two major losses were cannery tenders,
one of which, the J/waco, 41 tons net, belonged to the Alaska Herring
& Sardine Co. and was valued at $30,000; the other was owned by the
F.C. Barnes Co. and was valued at $15,000. ‘The other losses of the
district were small boats valued at $6,225; fishing gear, $2,004;
miscellaneous small buildings, $16,407, and fishery products $2,760.
The losses in southeastern Alaska reached a total value of $72,396.
In the salmon-canning industry of Alaska there occurred a loss of
12 lives. In southeastern Alaska 1 fisherman was drowned and 4
shoresmen were accidentally killed; in central Alaska, 2 fishermen
were drowned, while 1 shoresman was accidentally killed; in western
Alaska, 1 fisherman was drowned and 3 shoresmen killed.
No disastrous fires occurred during the year, and had it not been
for the extraordinary conditions on Bristol Bay the losses in the
salmon-canning industry would have been extremely small. As it
was, the losses reported for the whole of Alaska amounted to $227,145.
MILD CURING OF SALMON.
The mild-cured salmon industry in Alaska shows a slight increase
in production in 1918 over that of 1917. The pack in 1918 was 3,948
tierces as compared with 3,563 in 1917; all but 40 tierces of the 1918
pack came from southeastern Alaska.
The total number of mild-curers was 17, of which the operations of
10 were incidental to other business, chiefly salmon canning. Those
whose business was primarily mild curing are as follows:
y ateriall: 5
: F ort Alexander.
Pacific Mild Cure Co.........-.+---+--+0e2seeece scree eee ees Port Conclusion.
AY
hree floating plants.
Southern Alaska ‘Canninp 00.) 7-0 Sac cusee arnt amine ca a eeee Fanshaw.
Vendsymel Packing Go" (nie ji: te Kite ees eat te ee Tyee.
Columbia & Northern Fishing & Packing Co.........-------.-- Wrangell.
PE Re Thompsons 4 23 ei < o: 2 ne aimie We aera te era ee Ketchikan.
Panama Pacific Commercial, Co. 2... 55 ota sense rae er = ieee Sitka Hot Springs.
IM; D: Dahl & Co. 2s) epee sec cae s = See ee eee ae a mae re Floating plant.
Minor losses of buildings and wharves valued at $8,000 and fishing
gear valued at $4,000 occurred in connection with the mild-cure
industry in southeastern Alaska.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 51
INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON Mitp-cuRING INDUSTRY OF SOUTHEAST ALASKA IN 1918.
Items. re Value. Items. hee Value.
IplantShea soe «cence Sone a ae 12 $87, 294 || Gear:
Operating capital: -* 22-5 cam-|\eseeeet 579, 295 SOMES PULSE 22.2 ne nee = 3 $2, 850
Vessels: WAGNOMS. ss)a..20. Seis adce- 640 Resto ee
Power vessels over 5 tens.... 19 82,505 Heimnbsbesehis =. 25-5 os soe. 5 2,450
Net tonnage........-..-- W208 |seacccscae Bathomsscuseces.o-s5se. 460222288 ee
BST IOS: 2k 6 tsetse aiseaersstein ae <= 4 8, 882 —_—_—-
et tonnage............. POV | Bae Atlee Saat cee eee beets 786, 342
Launches under 5 tons....... 4 2, 67
Boats, sail and row........-- 30 2,392
Lighters ani scows........-. 3 18, 000
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE SALMON Minp-cuRING INDUSTRY OF SOUTHEAST ALASKA
IN 1918.
Occupations and races. Number. Occupations and races, Number.
Fishermen: Shoresmen—Continued.
AVVO GE eeten oto ete siceceetsioe =: 268 JAPANOSO saat sane a kpmee nates Soe es 1
IN GELVOS Peete smiae neces seca tee uer 30 tee
Dotallicsiets~ csc ssakatastheeceaedts 97
LA NCO appa ee le Nea A ee ye = 298 i ———————
Transporters: aWw Wibese 2. =. -<s-- 2225-5 - 66
Shoresmen ie
AW OR SSE aot es 5 See tee ae a ae 88 Granditotallss.-ssecciceceeeeenes 461
INGELVESS cece cone dins ede cae w asia Soe 8
Propucts OF THE SALMON Minp-curinG INDUSTRY IN 1918.
Species. Tierces. | Pounds. | Value.
Southeast Alaska:
MonosalmMOnes sasaoe ao. See hiemets ted eae eo we eee iseceesels ccisicme 171 136, 800 $16, 017
LESTE GGG eRe Wer SORE ees O nog oSOn Sbobes Base ore ASUBSoEoeoae 3,733 | 2,986, 400 590, 402
edISalLMON se cinae ecieacaa= = goose seottacsas Rats esiasialeasis scan See se 4 3, 200 332
ata lGeesse nese ooo eee ctrl ce facet wae oo hemes gee eles 3,908 | 3,126,400] 606,751
rir aleAdas kat RON SAIMON Es emesis cee lace celge ie sacncwtinceecescmeen 40 32, 000 1, 200
AGraniditotalee Seemce se sas eo ee Oe se hig a er ee a 3,948 | 3,158,400 | 607,951
SALMON PICKLING.
Notwithstanding the larger number of salmon used in the canning
industry in 1918, there was a material advance in the production cf
pickled salmon, represented principally by the larger operations of the
companies engaged in salmon canning in western Alaska. The num-
ber of salteries decreased, but the investment in the salmon-pickling
industry was considerably larger thanin 1917. The decrease in plants
was due to their conversion into canneries and in some instances
to the reclassification of establishments by reason of increased
activities along other lines.
Out of a total of 27 salteries, as compared with 37 in 1917, south-
eastern Alaska is credited with 7, a decline of 6; central Alaska with 9,
a decrease of 2, and western Alaska with 11, a falling off of 2. Thisis
a decrease of 10 salteries for Alaska as a whole. The investment in
52 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
1918 was $1,362,957, as against $862,399 in 1917, an increase of
$500,558. The number of persons employed increased from 509
in 1917 to 815 in 1918.
Alaska produced 56,890 barrels of pickled salmon in 1918, as against
36,390 barrels in 1917. The value of the pack was $1,079,881, an
increase over 1917 of $489,384.
The following operators put up considerable quantities of pickled
salmon, though in some instances such work was incidental to other
more important activities,in which event the latter would govern
the classification of the plant elsewhere in this report:
Southeastern Alaska:
Beauclare Paging Cox. 62s. eel ein Bet es da eee eae Port Beauclare.
Hy Beromnaneeces ao 32 eS. See as eee. on: aoe Ue eee Ketchikan.
Columbia & Northern Fishing & Packing Co............------- Wrangell.
IbisianiekegP ae Kimo onc tne eee entrees ee eee ee es eae Lisianski Strait.
wontherm Alaska Canning O02. 20 -. cre). . eae ccc cease nee Fanshaw.
Vendsyssel PackineCo-me tones eee oe ee oo tee oe ae Lycee.
We 1H: Barrineton=. sac ei es ee As See Wrangell.
Republic Hisheries: Co o25 rep Se ee od a ee Tebenkoff Bay.
"Prout BIsherics C0. oo oe oe ee oe ek ae Se ee re Ketchikan.
Central Alaska:
Northern Pusheries: (ine.)2 25 S23 26 3 eee Se as cee So ere Kodiak.
‘Allaskay Codfishi@ossssent iw eres Skee. ee as Se pe Unga.
ine, Wish..o:. Packing @ oe 2286. p i Sock ee ee acide oe eee Sheep Point.
Port Gravina Wishing Co...) nc... en see ae ee ace? ae
. . rzinski Bay.
Shumegm Peckine 00. c 2 enc) BA Fd ea ee ee {Baane Hiei
KacheniakSaltery& Cannine Co: 222202298 ee ae Swanson Creek.
Weds Rierel 25 oo cccc octet cas cee tee being eee eee Uyak.
Western Alaska:
‘Alaska Salmon C022 a. 2. fot Soe reer oe eee ee eer Kvichak.
Alaska Mishing Gost 268. 252k 4s20 0s 22 oe See Genome Dutch Harbor.
Reicha
ae <vichak.
Alaska, Packers Association. 2125-2 so. eco. sete eS 2 3 ses. ee Naicnelc!
Nushagak.
Bristol Bay Packing Coi5* sc 2st oo es a Se Koggiung.
Golden Gate SalmoniGo. 220. nes <ciee2- gs so er ee ee Kvichak.
Igushik.
hibbye, Me New wLip py]. s-20 2s. toi ys ene eee Koggiung.
Lockanok.
NaknelkePaclhaigGo: 63. oF 7c yee st oese bie csciat sie fe tee eee Naknek.
Peter M, Nels On od... setter ene bs ant pe Beep ese Lerma ee eee Kvichak.
Red salmon Canning Co-. -.cccc8 scene eo toe ec ee eee oe Ugashik.
The only reported losses of property and products in the salmon-
pickling industry occurred in central and western Alaska and aggre-
gated $100,548. The losses in the central district were boats valued
at $10,370; buildings and wharves, $900; fishing gear, $6,878; and
pickled salmon, $4,000; or a total of $22,148. All the losses in the
western district were sustained by Peter M. Nelson at the Kvichak
saltery, and consisted of 3,300 barrels of pickled salmon, valued at
$75,900, and damages to the wharf of $2,500.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES.
INVESTMENT IN THE SALMON-PICKLING INDUSTRY IN 1918.
Items. Pauciest Central Alaska. | Western Alaska. Total
Value. | No. | Value. | No. Value. No Value.
Dalberies: 5-4-0804 $67, 190 9 | $96, 670 11 | $106,719 27 | $270,579
a eaating capital.. BPA ial seeesc 227,063 |..--.-- 301; LOG) eens eer 661, 076
essels:
Power vessels over 5 tons......- 7 | 44,500 14 | 74,750 2 20, 500 23 139,750
Net tonnage. - 22252-55222: 136: |eeece sss LOOK See rece 74 Ore 355) )|2 eee ae
TINE Re 2 ee borg bas ocsooSdded pecnore asenesrie eicaceens laces cnpec 6] 117,000 6 117,000
Net oyeve hee OU A BREE poo seod |S aseber de losoosed| (os. See sae AF O60K| Se cmeae e 15560) eee
Launches under 5 tons...-.---- 6 4,500 10 | 10,786 10 15,350 2 30, 636
Boats, sailand row......-.....- 35 6, 873 89 7,251 65 13, 460 189 27, 584
Lighters and scows.......-.-.-- 4 1, 200 17 | 10,900 8 7,000 29 19, 100
= PHGLATIVCES soem = oe ase = aan alae aa| ope cece on 2 1,300 1 2,000 3 3,300
ear:
Hanlseines=: so. w2cin deletes stee 8 2,162 37 | 11,125 11 750 56 14, 037
Hathomsen oe ose cee secs oy Beers 2.074 lea. 2 eee ODT Heck -Ssee- 35 5De | seek ee
IPT S@ SCLU CS en aemecmerie saat iin 8] 5,600 ||) LOS)! he SEB RBS sa oese 13 15, 600
WaGhOMS soaes saeeete see ee D200) | Seeesesee S80) Ps. po trss|Saocac-| acess se 2.170) ee oee ee
Gilets = Saenoce assets e te/ast 3 538 1 5, 060 9 8,489 173 14, 087
iWathoms ees sncsecaaaaes 32) loca assae 2b) | |peatads, = OPEN eaecobse se Chili” seece- nese
Pound nets, driven............- 1 100 26) |ptoOLOON | Eee cea | eee cya alee 2 35, 200
Pound nets, floating.........-... Pal) UP ACP SGe Saee| bodasec as scone popcooses> 2 12,826
INOS ase foe sace eos eee eedesacs|asceeee|Socascees 27 75 10 27 37 702
IDM OnaGhiSsEGashososasocsse asses poceee 4 eencorsae 52 5480) access lamicte see 52 1, 480
PRO fee ee ene erste ciee | mire laces 278,306 |----.--- 492,160 |...-..- 502 49IF recone 1, 362, 957
Persons ENGAGED IN THE SALMON-PicKiInae INDUSTRY IN 1918.
Occupations and races. Ee Eneagt reid Wfesieu Total.
119 72 226
34 66 112
Das soe eae 2
155 138 340
174 62 310
56 25 89
17 21 39
247 108 438
19 7 29
Nets ere a Te er BIRR arora at a te each Scyotat CA tal Sra Be SERA ES 5 2 7
OCHO Stree cae setercicmer nt oetctaneeaaioniciersistale warstawrsiasiorata| ac wake see ies EP eSer ss Lez >s 1
UNG) £2 | Weare eS ae Te ete ae ee ee eee 3 25 9 37
Grand fotale cna Sactot eerste setae s Sscciche aisieee aay 133 427 255 815
BarRELS@ oF SALMON PICKLED IN 1918, By SPECIES.
eeeeeeeemEEeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ae
Product. ee Central Alaska. | Western Alaska. Total
No. | Value. No. Value.| No. Value. No Value
COD ONSHVOR was o00c-lai\e5 crass 1,784 | $33,739 574 | $10,759 143 | $2,654] 2,501 $47, 152
KUGNO) DOL OS ae cist ces ioc os.ce'e acres 10 1 Beeeoena coeerces io-coas.4|s—-cS5aoe 10 180
(CONGIDACKS = 2s Soe ooo san sacies nee 8 80 1 2A EEA es |S ee 9 100
Ghemnor ketass che. . 228.5. 2,012| 28,326] 3,833] 52,954 235| 3,598 | 6,080 84, 878
Humpback, OMS Jo ote 5,249 | 78,778 | 6,044 | 93,207 680 | 10,505 | 11,973 182, 490
Humpback “Jie STO Bes ee 26 0) SS ae ae ea 26
KaesOr spree. -) elo. secon 3 94 1,593 57 1, 220 146 4,832 297 7,645
Red, or ROCHOV Orr e eee aeaeene 190 3,449 | 4,731 90, 316 | 31,056 | 662,426 | 35,977 756, 191
Red elipeeme seer f Gertteees 17 595 17 595
Wotalsc-. taser eee es 9,347 | 146,145 | 15, 266 | 249, 126 | 32,277 | 684, 610 | 56, 890 | 1, 079, 881
a Barrels holding 200 pounds of fish.
54 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
SALMON FREEZING.
The entire output of frozen salmon shipped from Alaska in 1918
was prepared in the southeastern district at eight freezing plants,
five of which were operated in connection with other fishery enter-
prises. Those engaged in freezing salmon were as follows:
Henry Goemieren . 6 2522) ge set wae She Uae other eee Washington Bay.
Jureau Cold Starsse Co... 2.22252 he ne se ee is ee ae Juneau.
‘Booth Fisheneetiaes tic or ce one es eee Tee Sitka.
Columbia & Northern Fishing & Packing Co.............--.--.---- Wrangell.
iabby, MeNediactabby <7 ESCs ee ee a eae Taku Harbor.
New BnolandhiiaanCol 5: <i i cade bt ess eee 16 ec boast eee cee ae Ketchikan.
National Independent. Fisheries Cos: ...-. 220020 -e> -nediccoeemcedts Ketchikan.
Trout PashentesiGme me Ae Ab So celta cs aie oc See eee Ketchikan.
In 1918 the production of frozen salmon was 1,877,922 pounds,
valued at $170,864, being an increase over the output of 1917 of
595,740 pounds and $89,290 in value.
INVESTMENT IN THE FROZEN-SALMON INDUSTRY IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Items. Number.| Value.
Hreezing plants 522. aac e es Soc Se Boe Bae nae ee Sethe Oe ee ee Sse ae Cee ee 3 $44, 931
Operating Capitalas st a205 Sa os Oooh Wo ceas sab te oe hoes oo Se ee ee eee nn Coe ee Ses eee 57, 287
ATAUITICHESTATIG CIB eL OHS nee ie ere oe eee ee ee ae Re aE 5 13,374
Boats} saulland: Towa fo senn ease coe ee pee ee ee ee eae 10 455
ighters'and'SCOWS2s. ssc cee eee ae eee cess ecco eee eae eee ee nn ee 1 150
ear:
Hanliseinesi(450 fathoms) = 2s sacces sence eo bea ee See oe ee eee 6 2,400
IE UTSO Selnes|(Gotathoms) mee ne seer sere ee eee ee ee ee eee 1 1,500
Gilliets (050 Tathomisy.2 35 oe chee ome eee ae ete come coe oe Sere ue eernea 21 1,575
Pound nets; driven. ts 2. s be 3 7 eae eee eee ena eed enon eae eee oneeenee 1 2,500
Motale ss acters dads sb eee ee Cee REE SEER Sr As» BOE ee preeeee 124,172
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE FROZEN-SALMON INDUSTRY IN 1918.
Occupations and races. Number.
34
10
2
4
50
PRODUCTS OF THE FROZEN-SALMON INDUSTRY IN 1918.
Species. Pounds. | Value,
Cano salmon 2 5< 3hcceee ee Ske ek ee ee a eee tet ee ees 458, 858 $39, 487
Chrmisalmon: 5. ot Fe. Pee ES ER eee eee 288, 786 27,108
Framppack salmon <<. 33s deuce Satna Sane ee en ee 272, 850 9,479
REINO AAIMON - 2 os. bie svosdec ccdsent Mowat done Coe ee tee: ae eee 709, 185 81,777
Red salmonss$ Jo... 225482. Jee. ok ee eee 148, 243 13, 013
POG oo slaiin ectecivineu nc ds cu 2c eMC Rs SR co aE RE Cc ee, 1,877,922 | 170, 864
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 55
FRESH-SALMON TRADE.
The fresh-salmon industry in Alaska in 1918 made some advance
over that of 1917. Available statistics indicate that 4,260,915 pounds
valued at $336,576 were shipped from the Territory in 1918. Pro-
duction thus increased this year 701,130 pounds, while there was a
gain in value of $32,528. To these figures should be added a rea-
sonable quantity of salmon to cover the consumption of these fish in
Alaska. By reason of the fewer boats engaged in the commerce
of Alaska in 1918 and the reduced population of the Territory, it
would be fair to estimate that approximately 500,000 pounds of
salmon of all species, valued at $50,000, were consumed locally in
Alaska, or considerably less than the estimate for 1917.
The principal shippers of fresh salmon were as follows:
Columbia & Northern Fishing & Packing Co...............-------- Wrangell.
- : : Ketchikan.
National Independent Fisheries Co................--------------- { Fanean
Port Conclusion.
Ret eEpM Tl di Cure WO ss. ack aise eco oe ae icion Baie Se eiocm siete {ste
; Port Alexander.
Rae:
: : ouglas.
Ripley Fish Co Hee ee ee ee ae cake phe ee aie poke et ee ee Se te eh He = AeA Oe Wiagoell:
Ketchikan.
jay Ub gyre ae ee Aree Ree Daas Sar So eee et eisre eee Ketchikan.
VEuS bn Tied DSL opie ie Se aa a ee ee ee eee an Scow Bay.
\ Nine, TETSU Oto ee eee Go EI SCSI eee ee Ketchikan.
fe dan, BISHIO oo LP ACKINO MOO! oe 88k 12 Jeet miclepicte ae tc tees ses Ketchikan.
INVESTMENT IN THE FRESH-SALMON TRADE OF ALASKA IN 1918.
Num-
s
Items. Nuits Value. Items. hae Value.
Operatinmecapital@ a=. 22 sane eto ean $35,965 || Seines, haul (100 fathoms).....-. 1 $100
Waresipaid == .22-4 oe. S=ceee See asseeee 15, 848 |} Gill nets (140 fathoms) .......... 4 200
RICHES cee oe Sassen ee eens 4 28,400 || Pound nets, driven...........-..- 2 33, 876
ROW DOA Soo mise motes eee ee ae 7 2 —_———_
DCO WS sere eee sa ngse een aes a 1 50 Wotal ecient ase se Sea | See 114, 689
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE FRESH-SALMON TRADE OF ALASKA IN 1918.
Occupations and races. Number.
SISHEY IGS WM Le See ert een Ee Soe wot ame on Sat Sm wa eniorns sec m ahidna sees DACRE 18
PNOLESHIGHRNVINILCS Nees ace aren eens e 2s cae Meee SiN fle pn ee ea Aneel ee 13
EE TRHESPIORLC IS Tn VV ILOS ere ote eta ne Ce GE Se as Senne pe Beate ac mas eon Loeb ace wneeeine eee 14
AMG) Sil LS Re ed Se AS See ee eee, a ee ea ee ee a ee a eee 45
PRODUCTS OF THE FRESH-SALMON TRADE OF ALASKA IN 1918.
Species. Pounds. | Value. | Species. Pounds. | Value.
Southeast Alaska: Central Alaska:
Cohosalmon...........- 824,810 $40,795 Coho salmon.......-..- 600 $60
Chum salmon........... 448, 332 13,813 Chum salmon........-. 1,560 15
Humpback salmon...... 546, 069 24, 430 Red salmon. ..........- 28, 750 511
King salmon............ 2,111, 938 231,619 Se Se
Red salmon............. 298,856 | 25,333 | i 30,910 | 586
Potalin.c. 3 wrcoeeetes 4,230,005 | 335, 990 Grand total.......... 4, 260, 915 | 336, 576
56 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
DRY SALTING OF SALMON.
The dry salting of salmon in Alaska is a business of comparatively
slight importance, being limited to the activities of a few operators in
southeastern and western Alaska. In the southeastern district the
F. C. Barnes Co., at Lake Bay, dry salted a small quantity of coho
salmon, and A. H. Humphries, operating a floating plant, prepared in
like manner a few thousand pounds of humpback salmon. In the
western district the Kuskokwim Fishing & ‘Transportation Co., at
Apokak, dry salted a considerable quantity of coho, chum, king, and
red salmon, and the Carlisle Packing Co., at Andreafski, similarly
prepaced a limited quantity of cohos and chums.
INVESTMENT IN THE Dry-SALTING SALMON BUSINESS IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Items. as Value. Items. Plea fe Value.
IPTANES Fi eaesSc ee tance bene ele eee $10::000: || Bartes-. 3... so5 can scten eee 1 $2,000
Operating capital... ...-- strane 15,000 |} Purse seines (140 fathoms)... .-. 1 5, 000
iMaces paid< = 22> 25. ck... 16,700 || Gill nets (1,560 fathoms).... 39 4,000
eaunCheseAe jose tos 4- = 222; eee 2 1, 750 el
OW DOatSsap eer net coe soos cee eee 17 895 Total coc 2632 see Soc scen eee eee 58,345
Rcowssee <n --55- 52 Pee Seee Meas 1 3,000 :
1
Prrsons ENGAGED IN THE Dry-Satting SALMON BusINEss In 1918.
Occupations and races. Number,
Fishermen:
a ee et ee ee ere ene er Stee ee hee te Le ree. Le OR see seas chr 22
INUIV OS ce wie Sec cs = oo ws 20S iets musicians oe OS Se et Se eee ee 47
DOtAL sets fac ois sews Shncd fa one poe eise Skene aeeee col ees cee ees seer cer eee eee 69
MN OTESIN EN) WiNILES stm sa Shoes toee ce on mic eee see se Sects = Claes eile oR a ae ae a eee eee 4
AETALISPOULLCES: Vy LLCS osetia wee ce emanate cals ce wicls eae ainle pe etcetera = See ae eee ee eae aa ee 3
Grand totalis2¢ 222.5 seeeaeceenits Se Sse sete eRe sete cecee aooee Ceeece sec seec cee eeaeesae 76
Propucts oF THE Dry-SaLtiInag SALMON Business IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Species. Pounds. | Value.
Southeast Alaska:
Coho Salmons). sssse~ 5 soa dee oe cme cece eee eee eee eee eee Seana 3,000 $300
Humppack salmon... 2222222. ooo eae ne emis se tem eee eee seen] = ee =a 15, 600 1,170
A Me) rR et nee pee ie MN ae Se ye Seas Ae a eA Ae te ase apes aa se 18, 600 1,470
Western Alaska:
Coho Salm ones. 25.c52esdeneece cee een ke C ane eae eee bets eee eee 312, 560 30, 916
Chum salmon 2 cocoa ces = seston nies le sess e See eater eieeteiane ee nee 95, 085 8, 193
King salmon =: ages see cs icd SSeS eae ct Ste ee Sense eee 61, 845 4,366
Red salmion.s 26-2220. cc coce cd teneceeee ceca te eee eee anor Gat eieainee ehh eeisteenier 28, 885 2,599
TOGA. oaiseicc snide deh rec eeu mc caeen mee eee ee Com cien Semmens erences ete eet 498, 375 46,074
Grand total... b2.tccussoscccpeccse ss cele wenelcene eee nae rs ae Meee eee 516, 975 47, 544
DRYING AND SMOKING OF SALMON.
As a commercial undertaking the drying and smoking of salmon
for export appears to have been discontinued. It is noted elsewhere
in this report, however, that a considerable quantity of salmon was
dried by the whites and natives of the Yukon River region. A conser-
U. S. B. F.—Doe. 872. PLATE IV.
NATIVE SALMON WHEEL, YUKON RIVER.
NATIVE METHOD OF CURING SALMON, YUKON RIVER, 1918.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. . 57
vative estimate indicates that 500,000 pounds of coho, 500,000 pounds
of chum, and 400,000 pounds of king salmon were dried for use in the
interior of Alaska, thus making a total of 1,400,000 pounds, valued at
$140,000. This product is used chiefly as food for the natives and
their dogs.
According to careful estimates, the investment in this business con-
sists of 393 fish wheels, valued at $19,650, and 130 gill nets, aggregat-
ing 3,250 fathoms, valued at $6,500, or a total of $26,150.
SALMON BY-PRODUCTS.
The utilization of offal and other waste material at the salmon
canneries in Alaska in the manufacture of oil, fish meal, and fer-
tilizer was carried on by the Fish Canners By-Products Co., at
Ward Cove, and the Pacific American Fisheries, at Excursion Inlet
and Ikatan, the latter plant being new in 1918.
The industry shows an investment in 1918 of $109,782, which is
an increase of $1,629 over 1917. Employment was given to 20 men,
45 less than the number employed in 1917. The value of the products
was $40,047, as compared with $61,873 in 1917. This decline is
due chiefly to the lessened production of oil, the falling off being
20,526 gallons.
Outrut or By-Propucts INDUSTRY IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Items. Quantity.| Value.
a 525 a eee en eee a CRE es gallons..| 4,624 $4,624
IAEDHE CI. - -.- -. GSS SECO B BREESE EE OOS icee SOPICS GUC OE OSE DED EDD CODES SEEO IoeUREEe tons.. 684 35, 423
(CONE. - codébea se Se Sa eee eet cee cbse Saaz ohnthorc id sncrecoessoqeonteerostesncracd |Besesoacs 40,047
HALIBUT FISHERY.
For many years the halibut fishery has been second in importance
to the salmon industry. In 1918, however, the great activity in
the herring fishery placed it next in importance to the salmon, thus
pase the halibut in third place. A great increase occurred in the
herring industry, while the halibut fishery showed but a slight
increase.
The total catch of halibut from Pacific waters in 1918 was con-
siderably less than that of the previous year, due chiefly to with-
drawals of men and vessels on account of the war. There is a slight
increase, however, in the figures compiled by the Bureau in respect
to the yield of halibut from the Alaskan banks. Because of diffi-
culties m securing statistical information as to the exact source of
the halibut catches, it has been necessary to make certain estimates
in respect to investment and production credited to Alaska. It is
believed, however, that the figures are so nearly correct as to be
acceptable for all practical purposes.
At a number ah sessions of the Canadian-American Fishery Con-
ference consideration was given the halibut fishery of the Pacific
coast and Alaska. Details in respect thereto appear on page 21
in this report.
58 “ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
STATISTICAL SUMMARY.
The halibut industry in Alaska shows an investment of $2,594,292
in 1918 as compared with $2,200,987 in 1917, an increase of $393,305,
which amount is due to the enhanced value of all vessels on account
of war conditions. The number of persons employed was 1,186, an
increase of 277 over the number reported in 1917. The products
of this fishery totaled 13,869,706 pounds of halibut, valued at
$1,667,686. This is an increase of 716,295 pounds over the produc-
tion of 1917, while the value of products increased $547,460.
The principal operators in the halibut industry were the Booth
Fisheries Co., at Sitka; Glacier Fish Co., at Scow Bay; Marathon
Fishing & Packing Co., at Petersburg, where the barge Amelia was
used as a floating plant; National Independent Fisheries Co., at
Juneau and Ketchikan; New England Fish Co., at Ketchikan; Ripley
Fish Co., at Douglas, Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell; Whiz
Fish Co., at Ketchikan; and the San Juan Fishing & Packing Co., at
Seward.
INVESTMENT IN THE ALASKA HALIBUT FISHERY IN 1918.
Items. aun Value. Ttems. ue Value.
Fishing vessels: Fishing vessels—Continued.
Steamer and gas............. 118 |$1, 536, 100 Dories and scows.-........-- 264 $16, 850
NONNAGES Sosa aceeeecoacee 2: 270i ssseesenee en Hishin siapparatuSesacece case eemeuee 44,910
WaUNCHES a5 2 seocueecosee corse 4 4,300 || Shore and fixed property --......|..-.... 292,132
(Cini ees ok has Meena aoe CE 700, 000 ——|
Motel 2) oe ete ee 2,594, 292
Races. Number.
WWINTiOSE aoe cece ec als ceca can esces ened sect en wecact sso snacccenede cecuns soecdeenoatne ms cee emeneens 1,183
INSLIVES sive 5 sowie tone on eae marcigje mn ota same clase tee tcl st me cae hae momnee ania te cies ekeret aie miata 3
Motels 2 oc dss areas NS 5 en ta eye Pe as a Sea ae ee 1,186
Propucts oF THE ALASKA HaALiBpuT FISHERY IN 1918.
Products. Pounds. Value.
MreshiGnclodinge jocal) pea-ct osacecenese sees bsan Reese e ean ease eee emai 10, 491,777 $1,315, 985
Brozven toe oes cise ee eons otehoe oop cea te ect mee sees oer n =o Pago nadoacoue 3,337, 529 348, 866
Dry salted ct cccccedeweuscecwonk bcsandas ecm eee tesbee pat cecdienoesseeenee 40, 400 2,835
Totals. ets sues foa.cegdodemnel A eee eee ank 13, 869, 706 1, 667, 686
COD FISHERY.
The cod fishery of Alaska maintains a remarkably uniform produc-
tion year after year. Approximately two-thirds of the catch of cod
is made in Bering Sea, while the remainder is taken chiefly off the
southern shore of the Alaska Peninsula. The fleet of vessels annually
visiting the cod banks of western Alaska changes but little as the
seasons pass. In 1918 the catch in Bering Sea was somewhat less
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 59
than in 1917, but the shore-station catch during the winter was, in
round numbers, 1,000,000 pounds more than in the 1917 season,
which was sufficient to offset the shortage in the vessel fishing.
The demand for cod was strong throughout the year in this coun-
try, leaving only a small quantity available for export. The condi-
tion of the market was such that several hundred tons of Japanese-
caught cod were landed at San Francisco.
VESSEL FISHERY.
No changes are noted in the companies engaged in the vessel cod
fishery of Alaska in 1918 or in the total number of vessels in the cod
fleet. Some of the vessels which have been listed for years as being
engaged in this fishery do not appear in the present fleet, as they
were employed in the trans-Pacific commerce, where under present
conditions high charter rates are obtainable. Other vessels, however,
were added to the fleet to take the place of those operating in the
offshore trade. The Galilee, owned by the Union Fish Co., returned
from a voyage to foreign waters in time to sail for Bering Sea on April
26 under charter to the Northern Fisheries (Inc.). The S. N. Castle
(464 tons net), belonging to the Alaska Codfish Co., and the Fanny
Dutard (252 tons net), owned by J. A. Matheson, were engaged in
foreign commerce during the year and did not go to Alaska. The
Vega (223 tons net), operated by the Union Fish Co. in 1917 on a
fishing voyage to Alaska, was sold in the fall of that year. The Union
Fish Co, increased its fleet by the addition of two vessels, the Beulah
and the Louise, of 339 and 328 tons net, respectively. The Alaska
Codfish Co. sent three power schooners to Alaska for work in con-
nection with the shore stations, the Alasco I (23 tons net), Alasco II
(5 tons net), and the Alasco III (8 tons net). Each made the voyage
from San Francisco to Alaska under its own power in from 15 to 20
days, a remarkable achievement for such small vessels.
ALASKA Cop FLEET IN 1918.
Names. Rig. t etd = Operators.
City of Papeete......... Schooner............ 370 | Alaska Codfish Co., San Francisco, Calif.
Glendalesse oe eee GOs sees Ae 281 Do.
SRW ATS Soc see cee Sale cees GOsuse seen sean: 266 Do
MA WEGHIS cs. oc5 > canto s|bee OO 5.2.5 5455oe5 392 Do
oa Oe ee eae Power schooner. .... 23 Do
IATERCO Ne Saas oa eee areas Oe Sc eae sch ce os, 5 Do
‘Alasco Milt.) ee Foe Cc (hee ea ean ae Do.
Avaleas sce eects soo. Schooner=s. -*-: 2... 327 | J. A. Matheson, Anacortes, Wash.
RUT CE ane eee ates oae Power schooner. .... 15 | Northern Fisheries (Inc.), Anacortes, Wash,
AEG Cape AE le Se EY oe Oe te eee 10 0.
Charles Brown......-- Senooner-22 eos. 64 Do.
HNPAG See on ee ok 5 dome saewee ee 235 | Pacific Coast Codfish Co., Seattle, Wash.
Charles R. Wilson......]...-- DOs csccesee Sethi 328 Do.
Maid OL Orleans: -o2..--|.2.<- Clopaes poe See A 171 Do.
PAP ae Poe eee Se EN, oe doOwssssen 225-35 220 | Robinson Fisheries Co., Anacortes, Wash.
Wiseworieee = eee se it Be COs Bee 431 0.
Golden State........... Power schooner. .... 223 | Union Fish Co., San Francisco, Calif.
SeOquga =! 252-2 Soc 208 Schooner:..........- 324 Do.
ome seen a Sarl ee O iba a Ln 328 Do.
Beulahie 22 esses bes. |b se do-jse. 22 AG i: 339 Do
ROUIsss ere Ses Ne apy and eae ae 328 Do
Manthet /: ceed hee 528). |) ee arte eee tie: 14 Do
SiG. eos ee Power schooner... .. 30 Do.
Lorn Cell Yh Ce ee 10 Do.
aChartered to Northern Fisheries (Inc.) in 1918.
60 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918,
SHORE STATIONS.
Four companies in southeastern Alaska handled small quantities
of cod in connection with other fishery business. They were the
Booth Fisheries Co., at Sitka; Libby, McNeill & Libby, at Taku Har-
bor; New England Fish Co., at Ketchikan; and the Ripley Fish Co.,
at Douglas, Ketchikan, and Petersburg. In central Alaska there
were 15 operators, the important ones bemg the Alaska Codfish Co.,
with stations at Unga, Kelleys Rock, and Delarof Harbor on Unga
Island, Companys Harbor and Murphys Cove on Sannak Island, Dora
Harbor on Unimak Island, and one station on Nagai Island; Shuma-
gin Packing Co., at Squaw Harbor on Unga Island; Northern Fish-
eries (Inc.), at Kodiak; and the Union Fish Co., at Pirate Cove on
Popof Island, Unga on Unga Island, Northwest Harbor on Heren-
deen Island, Pavlof Harbor on Sannak Island, and Dora Harbor on
Unimak Island. In western Alaska cod were put up incidentally at
11 shore stations operated by companies engaged chiefly in other
lines of fishery business. In this connection mention may be made
of the Akutan Codfish Co., at Akutan; Nelson Lagoon Packing Co.,
at Nelson Lagoon; and the Unalaska Atkafish Co., at English Bay.
The most notable development in the cod fisheries of central Alaska
occurred at Kodiak, where the Northern Fisheries (Inc.) established
a shore station and caused some local activity by bringing in a few
experienced fishermen, whose success in fishing the adjacent waters
was sufficient to induce several natives and white men residing at
Kodiak to also engage in cod fishing. Operations were necessarily
restricted to inland waters, as no suitable vessels were available for
offshore work.
There is a great difference in the quality of cod taken from the
various localities in this region. Sycamore Bay produces the best
and largest fish, but it is easily fished out—that is, there maybe a
month of good fishing followed by one when no fish can be taken,
then in the next month the catch will again be better. This disap-
pearance of the cod is not understood unless it is due to tempor
exhaustion of the food supply. As the food is replenished, the fish
return. Some of the cod taken in this bay are equal in both size
and quality to those caught in Bering Sea, individuals weighing 30
doce or more being secured. As a rule, however, cod from these
inland waters are rather undersized, many being accepted only at
half price by the company.
A total of 2,336 cases of canned cod were packed by the Pacific
American Fisheries at its Port Moller cannery and the Nelson Lagoon
Packing Co. at Nelson Lagoon.
STATISTICAL SUMMARY.
The Alaska codfish industry shows an investment of $1,271,118 in
1918, which is a decrease of $137,147 from the investment in 1917.
A total of 697 persons were employed, as compared with 795 in 1917.
This fishery produced a total of 14,062,960 pounds of cod, valued
at $957,184. This is an increase of 285,490 pounds in production
and $212,208°1n value.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 61
INVESTMENT IN THE Cop FISHERY IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Items. eee Value Items yeu Value
Value of shore stations........-.|.-.--.- $169, 952 || Vessels—Continued.
Cost of operations........-..-...|....--- 332,743 Rowboats......-...-.--..-.. 483 | $22,395
IWSECS PSIG tay =, ataisin oie torso eine, 3] seer eee 430, 426 Pile driverssae: :-32seecc Ne 2 250
Vessels: Gear: |
Power vessels over 5 tons...- ll 94, 364 Seines (341 fathoms)-...... a2 5 700
Netitonnare..2cesc ee oe: AQl |ense stan Gill nets (54 fathoms)......- 2 90
Launches under 5 tons..-...- 18 2,156 {ENE Sno Stgasn Ose eRaeppbge 2,129 2, 242
Sailing vessels. -....-...2--.=- 15 215, 800 —_—_——_
Net tonnage..-...-.--.-- ASOOON ace e aces Oba eee anise s seein ce =a] ences 1,271,118
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE ALASKA Cop FISHERY IN 1918.
Occupations and races. Number. Occupations and races. Number.
Fishermen: Transporters:
WWiRSTOS Tee cece. sees 3 fsck eaece. seis 474 VVIRIGES aos os cima eese een Lp atone 138
NATIVES ss cc csthcccscs— sche sete acene 50 INGULYOS sms ow cseciecatenact tnsebote ce ae 4
LOCA acts -bonaesecenteercee ees 524 TOL stececimse Pepe ae eee ce 142
— SSS
Shoresmen: ‘Whites <.<- 225 iJ. 0s3. <3) 31 Grand totale. 2.9 cnt Sele en 697
Propucts or ALASKA Cop FISHERY IN 1918.
Products. Pounds. Value. | Products. Pounds. | Value. °
Vessel catch: Canned:
Dry salted cod.......-..-. 8, 204,500 | $590,370 In 1-pound flats (2,336
Pickled cod......-..-.. 996, 459 48, 333 CASES) nsoeen seca oe 112, 128 $14,175
Tongues SS st ee ee z “ ——
Frozen cod......-.-.-.- 239, 138 6, 894 || Total:
| ———— Dry salted cod.......-- 10, 902, 507 778,737
ROG So. ore see ss ease 9, 457, 697 647,357 Pickled cod.... -| 2,650,073 142, 200
Shore-station catch: _———— Stockfish....... “ ,» 268 7,128
Dry salted cod.........-. 2, 698, 007 188, 367 WonPWeESeseeiss so ee ke eee 18, 800 1,840
ickledicod’s-s-.2--<<.- 1,653, 614 93, 867 TOZEN CO” «5-55 tena =~ = 73, 326 10,312
Siockfish wos: 3332 =ja5e: 38, 268 7,128 Mresicod). eeeieene- 2. 67, 458 2,742
Lan CORRES eeeeer oe 1, 200 80 Canned ee Se eee nnetiay- 112, 128 14,175 -
Frozen cod............. 34,188 3,418 Oil (50 gallons)......... 400 50
(Breshcod 6.6 s.isc<0s- 67, 458 2,742 —_——_—__-|—_—-
————-- Ye) i) Ee eee eee eae 14, 062, 960 957,184
Motal- 75: 1.-2=2ie23... 4, 492,735 295, 602
HERRING FISHERY.
The Government was successful in its efforts to introduce the
Scotch method of curing herring into Alaska in 1917. A compara-
tively small pack was made, but the demonstrations of the method
of cure under the immediate direction and supervision of Aug. H. D.
Kh attracted considerable attention to the end that in 1918 several
ackers were prepared to follow that method. In 1917 the market
or Scotch-cured herring remained firm throughout the year. The
Norwegian-cured product was not in the same demand and packers
who employed that cure experienced some difficulty in disposing of
their herring.
Before operations began in 1918, Mr. Klie revised his published
directions regarding the Scotch cure to suit conditions in Alaska
and to stimulate more interest in that method. The Government
continued the work it began in 1917 by again sending Assistant
Clarence L. Anderson and Fishery Expert William P. Studdert to
central Alaska to give instruction in curing and packing herring by
the Scotch formula. During the summer they rendered valuable
160695°—20——21
°
62 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
assistance to the Ohm Fish & Packing Co., at Sheep Point, and to
the Carlisle Packing Co., Franklin Packing Co., and Haynes Fisheries,
all three plants being at Port Ashton or Sawmill Bay. Late in the
year Mr. Studdert went to Halibut Cove, where some 15 operators
were engaged in packing herring, three of whom, the Kachemak
Saltery & Canning Co., the Alaska Sea Food Products Co., and
Keith McCullough, were interested in and made considerable packs
of Scotch-cured herring.
When the 1918 pack began to arrive in Seattle, it was found that
in several instances packers had been careless in their work, and that
a faulty product which could hardly be marketed was the result.
This carelessness manifested itself in poor and loose packing, insuffi-
cient salting, oversalting, and improper grading. Packers were
therefore notified that herring branded as Scotch cured must meet
certain known requirements in order to be acceptable to the trade
and comply with the provisions of the pure food and drug act in
regard to branding. Consideration is bemg given to an inspection
service under Government auspices to pass upon the quality of herring
landed at Seattle.
The great expansion of the herring industry in Alaska as a direct
consequence of the exploitation work of 1917 in introducing the
Scotch cure extended also to the operations of packers who preferred
to follow the Norwegian cure, as increased activities in the one direc-
tion also stimulated production in the other.
Herring fishing in southeastern Alaska and in the Prince William
Sound district of central Alaska is principally by means of purse
seines. Fish of all sizes are thus taken. Since there are limitations
upon the size of herring which may be pickled for food, it naturally
follows that a considerable quantity of small fish are taken which can
not be used and are therefore thrown away. In the aggregate thou-
sands of barrels of herring are thus destroyed. Where herring are
taken in purse seines it would seem that this loss is unavoidable
unless they are impounded, thus enabling the removal and segregation,
by gill netting in the pounds, of those of proper sizes for pickling.
The small fish would pass through the nets and could be released
after the larger ones are removed. The practicability of this manner
of sorting herring has not been demonstrated successfully as yet, but
experienced herring operators raise no special objection thereto
where herring are held in bights or small coves. Herring are taken
in Halibut Cove with gill nets. By using nets of proper mesh, the
taking of small fish is reduced to a minimum. Probably very little
waste occurs here as the herring are uniformly large in the locality.
STATISTICAL SUMMARY.
The herring industry of Alaska shows an investment of $1,802,817
in 1918, as compared with $562,002 in 1917, or a gain of 220 per
cent. The number of persons employed was 884, as compared with
214 in 1917. The value of the products was $1,819,538, as against
$767,729, an increase of $1,051,809 over 1917. This shows a material
development of the herring fishery of Alaska. It is alae!
interesting to note that the chief product was the Scotch-cured
herring, of which the equivalent of 38,977 full Scotch barrels, or
9,744,175 pounds, was packed. The pack of Norwegian-cured
herring exceeds all previous records, a total of 8,968,515 pounds, or
the equivalent of 49,842 barrels, having been produced in 1918.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 63
Losses in the herring industry were comparatively small. A launch
valued at $8,000 and a barge valued at $4,000 were lost by the
Kachemak Saltery & Canning Co. Miscellaneous small boats, gear,
and supplies, valued at $2,179, and herring products valued at
$8,459, were also lost. The total losses were therefore $22,638.
INVESTMENT IN THE HERRING FISHERY IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Southeast Central Western =
Items. Alaska. Alaska. Alaska. Total.
No. Value. No. Value. No. | Value.| No. Value.
PIANtS OPSreledces nna. cee ceca 9 | $238, 496 25 | $188, 008 2 | $6,800 36 | $433, 304
@perating capitals: - 2-2: <2.)2 42°28 | 52. 2c. 516, 993 |...-... 357,178 |....--- BO; (22110552224 913, 893
Vessels:
Power vessels over 5 tons....... 24 | 134,000 14 80, 300 1} 6,500 39 220, 800
Net TONNafO.. 23. aec5e cee 478 i. 2-deace 2645 |e = ites 1M eeseeseee es 759° 24:28 a oun
IBALPOS cane sep ees cae veep a 1 7, 000 3 1,000 Seeeeen|neten ses 4 20,000
Launches under 5 tons........- 4 4,000 16 24, 400 1 250 21 28, 650
Boats, row and seine.......-.-- 40 2,955 75 5, 485 20} 1,737 135 10,177
Lighters and scows.......-.-.-- 14 33, 250 26 14, 900 1 300 41 48 450
ile ATA V CIS! <1-- lel ee = 2 1, 500 1 1,000 }-.-----]-.-..... 3 2,500
Gear:
Hanlseinesses £23 f2 yexs 323. © 18 23, 800 16 12,396 2 530 36 36, 726
Wathionsessas wean see ee 1830) | eaten ees 1, S10! |b 2-08 ae 200) = cota 35340) eseenm ae
UTSESCINCS ws tewca cess aeeece 32 55, 000 16, 500 4| 2,520 42 74,020
Hathomste). <8 tn. Sok. 40505) | aetna 450) | 2283-22) 2 400). 2 es 65315 |e ee
SAITUMOLS eee eee cae soos oo 10 300 9 968 162] 3,929 241 10, 197
Hathomsher see o8 2. ss. ee O00} | Page en Ae 3,0308|222 2526. <2 2098 ec cee = G23" | SF 22 82
WP MCtS Ss sas a- nee a sees eee eek 3 G00 oe secelSocscaoaaileasosed |cseansee 3 600
Pound nets, floating........... 2 GU) | Leon tel EB Se 55 5 Rabe mere 2 500
IPQUISL Son 3 ce sbbe pponoocee ceases sosnes|scceosese 5) 7D UU | ees en sho oenae 5 2,500
DEALS fos ccne tet a teas seiamtcnn tema ohare eaten ce 7 GLU Seee-ac|basesece 7 500
Go ee ee ae Seed eee 1,018, 394 |....... TPoe ie yy geese 625289) |e een 1, 802, 817
Southeast |} Central | Western
Alaska. | Alaska. | Alaska, | Total.
Fishermen:
IWEROS Soe a7 crate na Fa as ioe Rialate ee asee coe eb ed 8 244
IETS ie wcrc Soc e sO Cee ae Se Sneae San ane meat 19 24
QUIPGIRIS conotict apeeb ioe Satie SDShecoceDaaodencunsces | a.) MTP Ree oka ees eee 9
MD Otel eaters a's ata ofa gn 'seoarnsreateeiionsies sw osaeeen 27 277
Shoresmen: Stray anes
WWNIGGS > see en arenas ae tee antec er eee 3 485
BNSTVOSE ho terete ne besos a ecient icles 59 73
QUIRES oc ton nag tops Seeks ans eem aeRO Ce GEE DOR ACE Ee 5) hammaiiuie 0 Lmst:5H |futaauelidile’ (ath [Ck tease ap gall 24
107 Dele a SER a ey OE SE er ey ae 62 582
FRE ANISDOLLELS <a VW ACS 2 0s aan So Se ee eee es eae Otte! Ue SAIS cane ae oy = oh 25
inariihtiteals O20 22 GPa nna se beac creh shove be: go] - 884
Propucts or ALASKA HERRING FIsHERY IN 1918.
Products. Quantity. Value.
Herring:
ReSUSTCRIRCL=D Ue SIG CANS tc 2 sets oes oot ae ee nena meinem asics winia'scuiscioiee Cases. . 31,719 $231, 735
MURS He OR AGOd -aanen es aoe pence aneaae <n se d te paras sasp esas pounds. . 100, 000 1,500
OPER MRIS RIOOU aerate aac ac ace os oe Gist hoes oso ov dita sisisnon se eee eee dors= 606, 326 6, 564
LD OMAN eet ae enc eras seco Swe cosas ose ceecsesncpeaneaee G62. 1, 407, 200 17, 827
Mrosenilor Dania setae cs sere es coe stesees cccees oe oewers rer eieese Re doses 4, 152, 835 36, 654
Pickled MOBIOOUSECOLCEN CHIC. 85... sco. ce cc noe nna cavceetesmnete. dois: 9,744,175 748, 606
Pickled for food, Norwegian cure...........-- Be re eee ee dons: 8, 968, 515 632, 402
LO ese ae = a po ee See gallons. . 138, 012 97,000
PROGUUZ OTe one anne ee a ee ra els ons 2 ooo cacnoncee cabasuaeees tons. . 645 47, 250
EN) ee aS er oe eS en a a | 1, 819, 538
64 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
WHALE FISHERY.
SHORE STATIONS.
The whaling industry in Alaska is represented by the operations
of three companies, namely, the United States Whaling Co., at Port
Armstrong, the North Pacific Sea Products Co., at Akutan, and the
Beluga Whaling Co., on the Beluga River.
The United States Whaling Co. operated one less steamer in whale
killing than heretofore, only the Star [J and Star I/I (97 tons each)
being engaged. The North Pacific Sea Products Co. increased its
whaling fleet by the addition of one vessel, the steamer Paterson (77
tons), thus making four steamers engaged in whale killing, the other
three being those used in 1917, the Kodiak and Unimak (99 tons
each), and the Tanginak (71 tons). The power schooner Halcyon
(61 tons) was also used. In addition to the barge Fresno (1,149
tons), the steamer Elihu Thompson (448 tons) was used as a trans-
porting and refrigerating vessel.
The Halcyon was lost in November by being blown to sea from her
moorings in the harbor at Akutan. No one was aboard the vessel.
It was valued at $10,000. Buildings valued at $5,000 were also
destroyed.
STATISTICAL SUMMARY.
The whaling industry in Alaska in 1918 shows an investment of
$1,350,971, a decrease of $258,955 from 1917. It gave employment
to 325 persons as compared with 262 in 1917. Products valued at
$834,127 were obtained, which is an increase of $179,255 over 1917.
The total number of whales taken was 448, which is 25 more than
the number obtained in 1917.
Propucts or ALASKA SHORE WHALING OPERATIONS IN 1918.
Products. . Quantity. Value.
Ny VAc Ee FST eg aie a EE ERY NAP eoa cco oecaace sae: gallons-. 672, 989 $421, 942
py Oveleaa ose Be ae eee Oe SRE ener sh sogobcon. sceenoomeSsbcoceescioccoss do...-. 338, 931 327, 420
ertilizens Gabe. seks edebee en -onsece tee onan pee aman steinate «tet ait pounds... 1, 698, 000 66, 845
LOG a AICTE svn Se eee be 8 sande sebee Se bboadene OOTESEADESGSS Se bea aStoce do.... 361, 600 7,410
AMEE TE eee Aes eBesbesossee nasctocosecc Hae wos el embec poss desecc sohhcs re do.... 8, 223 1, 644
TIMOR AS WOCMY asee eens eles seat ner aia ma ietienitele ies elena a eine ait do. --: 866 216
WIEST Epil yAc lem Ma ocesede-eelbeecog ac jap sdbsncc ee so ons seasaoossoseanas oes do. 148, 000 7,400
Hides, beluga..-...--- 2022-22-02 ene eee n none nnn se ne ewee rene econ esene- do. 1, 250
Toth eee Se ee a ete obs oe ei eee eee ook eee 834, 127
WHALES TAKEN IN SHORE OPERATIONS IN 1918.
Species. Number. Species. Number.
Win aGkew. 55.52 een cae pne ae ceameehenaae U7 SOleceap tics sk osiaepilose capuises dena aacmes 4
Higmpback-1.5 Sk tte coc settee DSN | BOMIfgre ste. <a esse aerate ener eens 42
SHINN DOCLOMNt 22. ssg- sera eee ees 82
POI NL as BSS ade se Remen soba taadoddis 92 ANT UE itt ace SRB EnOSO gat 448
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 65
INVESTMENT IN SHORE WHALE FISHERY IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Num- Num-
Items. ber: Value. Items. ex Value.
Vessels: Vessels—Continued. «
Steamland fas... .3ssono-25: 8 | $420,000 Pile driverss=s issecsccccaxes 1 $150
Net tonngs6ssseccs ese 15049. | co sbaaerarctere Value of plants. .......-----:|:-20-2: 326, 545
ear becca eceodoeecsederdeed 1 30, 000 Cashi¢apitaliy: 25. .5225006202 (2-9 314, 933
et tonnage..--.......-. 1140 hoc eeaas ee WEE USI DAIG cece acta cela cain ceel soe 5.2,» 250; 983
Launches under 5 tons....--- 2 1, 900 ——|—____
FROw Oats). sae oe ease 2 60 RG tales sn ees. hes (oc ae 1,350, 971
BCOWS eteratace senor een nee 2 400
Persons ENGAGED IN THE SHORE WHALE FISHERY IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Races | Number.
TEIN he I nc oS IRE NTR SIN SIO DT ee a) a | 246
TNE ZES SER SI eS St je et eR a a ne rn Ge | 36
RUGS Gor eee ea eaten fate Eee eeee men ee anh tne ca emen nee dese s Seraed Meee ond ie a 43
WNT Lak An Resor Bis eiapch teint hire anty alten Mee ee tea fei eet Ep re at CLE el ane 325
CLAM FISHERY.
Clam canning in Alaska in 1918 was carried on by seven companies,
four of which, the Alaska Clam Canning Co., Petersburg, Noyes
Island Packing Co., Steamboat Bay, Sitka Packing Co., Sitka,and
the Red Cross Packing Co., Juneau, were located in southeastern
Alaska, while the other three, the Lighthouse Canning Co., Pioneer
Packing Co., and the Pinnacle Rock Packing Co., were in central
Alaska, at or near Cordova, where most of the clam pack was made.
Clam canning in southeastern Alaska, except by the Red Cross
Packing Co., was incidental to salmon canning. In central Alaska
the Pioneer Packing Co. and the Pinnacle Rock Packing Co. engaged
exclusively in clam canning, but the Lighthouse Canning Co. entered
the salmon-canning business. It is probable that similar action will
be taken by the other companies, as they admit that the clam beds
are approaching serious depletion, which in another year or so will
have reached a point where profitable digging can not be carried on.
The Alaska Sea Food Co.’s plant near Cape Whitshed was built
primarily asa clam cannery. Canning began in 1917, but the plant
was burned early in the season and was not rebuilt in time to resume
operations that year. In 1918 it opened as a salmon cannery.
This industry shows an investment of $247,757, which is a decrease
of $47,230 from 1917. It gave employment to 182 persons, or 44 less
than in 1917. A total of 43,575 cases were packed as against 74,515
cases in 1917. The value of clam products was $214,504, as com-
pared with $274,036 in 1917, a decrease of $59,532.
INVESTMENT IN THE CLAM-CANNING INDUSTRY IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Items. Number.| Value.
CRHNGHES OPElApOUet soca sho soa ae eee ako t ea oe sak Po noe ee es 3 $56, 200
WMODRIN PCH licler deer as see eee eso ach teem dae Gat ccc ner eee enone elem ee foeoaincien op 82, 367
MICS MOE ae aso ea en ose e red cst aaa cddessdep boca cecabsusensanporeemeeontei des aettee 92, 830
Vessels:
OhVeneLONS Hah sees eee eter sae Vea soo dees ces Le een ies one 1 6,000
LYST Eien. 2. “SR ESSOE BAERS SRS 5 Se aaa peppered to fe hs 9 ete sake eee DOsloewcms sen nae
LATHCHBS HNGEN oCOHS oan 222 secs LO ook os fhe ek teen nies 15 7,042
Ugg LP ATG Tl SHS se ey ae ane Seep ila Bers 9S coma a gee aie 53 2;
Dita Gull iis Sk ee SnD Pn pai. Late et ee a 1 819
66 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE CLAM-CANNING INDUSTRY IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Occupations and races. | Number.
Diggers: Whites.........--- MST an SERN eM 3. Ae ee Se 5k On ee 107
Shoresmen:? Wiites:.oec eens = sae ee eeietee cl oar inca clnee cieitame eta) stee aes aie = 72
(Pf ransporterss: VW RILeS =e oes «nce ae aero ee sane ae eee es eeneae eine ee ae ee 3
TOLAl ec scascnrcacdccecenacccctacescewdeseccmane nesses coeds nccccacennacoune Ge cbenin see 182
Propucts or CLAM CANNERIES IN ALASKA IN 1918.
Products. Cases. Value.
Clams:
A-POUNnd Cans (48) per Case) aves sscesseee cece wees toa ie ceioeseeceesceces= 18, 240 $88, 698
10-ounce cans (48 per case)... - ae 150 600
12-ounce Cans (48 per case). - 1,797 8, 500
1-pound cans (48 per case). - oe aoe 3 21, 684 109, 174
2-pound cans...... eee OS SIETe ate Rio el tne Reece a Serotec aie ciel cle ec mioe eosle eels wicks a 1, 487 , 894
10=poundicans (6 pericase) sea seme.-e se ee eee ome ee Seema ec secicesce ene 125 500
Clam juice:
fo=pound cans\(Giper'cas®)s---5- 2-5 -4-eoseeen ae se ee ee eee eee eee eer ee ss 92 138
11 ea ae ne tape ec be fa eee toy billy: Fob Dee 8 zens ttn: saab 43, 575 214,504
MINOR FISHERIES.
TROUT.
The trout fishery of Alaska has not attracted much attention
although it is of growing importance. One concern, the Midnight
Sun Packing Co., at Kotzebue, reports that its major operations con-
sisted of the catching and packing of Dolly Varden trout. This com-
pany canned 2,587 cases of trout, the value of which was $24,105, or
more than the value of all the trout products of Alaska in 1917.
There was also a considerable increase in the quantity of fresh and
frozen trout produced, the records for 1918 showing an aggregate
production of 69,718 pounds, valued at $7,343, as against 42,966
pounds, valued at $4,018, in 1917. This increase occurred chiefly
in southeastern Alaska. The total production of pickled trout was
105 barrels, as against 174 barrels in 1917. The total value of all
trout products in 1918 was $33,684, an increase of $16,788 over the
yield of 1917.
Propucts OF THE ALASKA TROUT FISHERY IN 1918.
Section and species. Fresh. Frozen. Pickled. Canned.
Southeast Alaska: Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Barrels. | Value. Cases. Value.
Dolly Varden...-| 47,169} $5,725 985 $197 3 $96'| s.tesetecs|peeeeeens.
Steelhead........ 13,049 850 675 101 8 TD) | So cases see eae
TPotale ni ucece 60, 218 6,575 1, 660 298 11 207 ||tessesens. |peeceeces
Central Alaska:
WollvaViarden'. 222 |Sscscccese| sos seneee 7,840 470 74 1, 236 33 $295
SGT LrYs2 Gs (ene (RE eS ee ee ARNE sec) Scotsecs ce SIcSCro ocr Soecaaaonc 21 168
‘Yes SAR sped Bap eassoee Bpeceescse 7,840 470 74 1, 236 54 463
Western Alaska:
DollyiVanden. 25 -|--s5..-.-5 Bepsscocen| sooS S885) [605-6 3556- 20 330 2, 587 24,105
Grand total....| 60,218} 6,575 | 9,500 768 105 1,773 | 2,641] 24,568
aD
FISHERY INDUSTRIES. 67
SABLEFISH.
The sablefish, or black cod, as it was once known, is taken inci-
dentally by those engaged in halibut fishing on the offshore banks of
Alaska, The bulk of the catch was marketed fresh or frozen, while
a small quantity was pickled. The yield was 1,336,039 pounds, or
315,549 pounds more than in 1917. The products in 1918 were
valued at $67,351, as compared with $38,303 in 1917, a gain of
$29,048.
SHIPMENTS OF SABLEFISH FROM ALASKA WATERS IN 1918.
Condition. Pounds. Value.
12 sede Aa eI A ie Ee EE EE A Ee gee ei 842,386 | $41,122
BTOZON ee Peek esas 2 beh Se cb ce suk Ch eabeel ses uemnebinlceinie seldasclgceaac dc tadmaned 411,955 20), 004
PIG GU i cracraecs ates cae cre ec ee te ti feat area aie eae rte tae etare te hn aa teratcte tele a win (stave nvalete olattiatctaaistesio’ 81, 698 6, 225
SR GRAD Rs eee eee Bia Miu ne EME SUL ee eee 1, 336, 039 67,351
RED ROCKFISH.
The production of red rockfish in 1918 was 338,669 pounds, valued
at $12,186, as compared with 150,453 pounds in 1917, valued at
$3,696. This was a very gratifying increase in the take and utiliza-
tion of this somewhat neglected fish. The rockfish, as in the case of
several other species of fish, does not support an independent in-
dustry, but is taken chiefly in connection with the halibut fishery.
CRABS.
Commercially, the crabs of Alaska attract little attention, although
they are recognized as a superior sea food, widely distributed, and
reasonably abundant. The only reported crab fishery was carried
on by John Murphy, at Tenakee, Alaska, who took 720 dozen, valued
at $1,440. The total investment in this industry was $739.
Crabs are used to a very considerable extent by local residents of
various parts of Alaska.
SHRIMPS.
The shrimp fishery of Alaska is centered in the Petersburg region
and at Thomas Bay. The Glacier Fish Co., at Scow Bay, the Ripley
Fish Co., at Petersburg, and H. Van Vlack & Co., at Thomas Bay,
handled shrimps. The latter concern, in addition to dealing in
fresh shrimps as the other companies did, canned 524 cases, valued
at $3,200. The total sales of fresh shrimps were 48,204 pounds,
valued at $10,806. The total value of the shrimp products of
Alaska in 1918 was $14,006.
MISCELLANEOUS FISHERY PRODUCTS.
In the various fishery operations in Alaska certain species of fish
are taken and used to a limited extent by the companies handling
fresh and frozen fish. These miscellaneous products are not given
separate classification, but consist in large part of ling cod, flatfish,
and pollock, the total yield being 246,968 pounds, valued at $7,696.
In addition to this, 7,850 pounds of atkafish, valued at $645, were
pickled in western Alaska.
MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS.
FIELD WORK.
The work of enforcing the law and regulations for the protection
of fur-bearing animals in Alaska in 1918 was carried on by representa-
tives of the Bureau in the usual manner. The greatly increased
activities in connection with the fisheries demanded much of the time
of field employees, but all the attention possible was devoted to mat-
ters pertaiming to the minor fur-bearing animals. Two wardens in
the interior of Alaska and one special fur warden have given particular
attention to fur work.
Through a reciprocal arrangement with the Governor of Alaska,
employees of this Bureau have been appointed ex officio game war-
dens, and the territorial game wardens and special employees for the
suppression of the liquor traffic among the Indians have been desig-
nated special wardens in the Alaska service of the Bureau of Fisheries
without additional compensation. ‘This increases the Bureau’s per-
sonnel in Alaska by 11 members, as follows:
Game wardens: Patrick Hamilton, Ketchikan; J. C. Lund, Juneau;
P. S. Ericksen, McCarthy; J. A. Baughman, Seward; Stephen
Foster, Nenana; R. E. Steel, Eagle; and M. O. Colberg, Nome.
Special employees: J. F. McDonald, Juneau; J. A. Bourke, Valdez;
Thomas P. Allee: Nome; and John A. Moe, Ruby.
Game Warden F. A. Martin, at Anchorage, had already been ap-
pointed a eae fur warden at a nominal salary to succeed a former
employee of similar status.
This arrangement was completed in July and assistance has been
given chiefly in the matter of reporting violations of the law and
regulations, and making seizures of illegally taken skins.
REGULATIONS.
In the main the regulations remained the same as in 1917. The
rohibition in respect to the taking of marten in Alaska continued in
Foren The prohibition as to the taking of beaver was extended until
November 1, 1923. The situation in regard to the shipment of beaver
and marten skins from Alaska has not been considered altogether
satisfactory on account of the number of skins of both species which
are declared to have been procured in Canada. It is possible that
the regulations are thus evaded in some cases. The desirability of
having similar regulations put in effect by the Canadian authorities
is being considered, as it is believed that where depletion has occurred
in Alaska the same condition probably exists in the contiguous Prov-
inces of Canada.
Seasons for the taking of wild fur-bearing animals were unchanged,
with the exception that in the region drained by streams flowing into
the Arctic Ocean north of the sixty-eighth parallel of north latitude
the open season for taking foxes was extended 30 days, to include
April 14 ofeach year. This change was made on the recommendation
of the Governor of Alaska. It was advocated by Archdeacon Stuck
and Dr. V. Stefansson, who have a thorough knowledge of conditions
68
U. S. B. F.—Doc. 872. PLATE V.
BUREAU’S ALASKA FUR WARDEN AND DOG TEAM, YUKON RIVER.
py am..
¢ i b
2
=,
FOX CORRALS AND BREEDING PENS, CENTRAL ALASKA.
MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 69
in the far northern part of Alaska. T. L. Richardson, Government
teacher and United States commissioner at Barrow, Alaska, also
urged this extension of the season. The ae of any fur-bearing
animal for which a close season exists is prohibited if its fur is unprime.
A regulation has also been issued to prohibit the use of dogs in the
taking of fur-bearing animals. This was deemed necessary, because
of the custom, particularly in the Kodiak region, of pursuing foxes
with dogs. Itis reported that a hound will run down a fox in a very
few minutes, and, if the hunter does not quickly catch up with the
dog, the fox will soon be so mangled as to greatly reduce the value
of the pelt or even render it practically worthless.
The regulation regarding the use of dogs was promulgated Septem-
ber 18, 1918, as follows:
Dogs.—The use of dogs for pursuing and killing fur-bearing animals for which close
seasons exist is prohibited.
On September 24, 1918, the following regulation in respect to foxes
was approved:
Fox.—The killing of any fox is prohibited throughout the season from March 15 to
November 15, both days inclusive, of each year; except that in the region drained by
streams flowing into the Arctic Ocean north of the sixty-eighth parallel of north
latitude, the prohibited season shall be from April 15 to November 15, both days
inclusive, of each year.
VIOLATIONS OF REGULATIONS AND SEIZURES OF SKINS.
More active efforts were made in the current calendar year to
prevent violations of the regulations and to cause the infliction of
adequate penalties when violations occurred. The depletion of the
once-plentiful supply of fur-bearing animals has aroused residents
of Alaska to a realization of the necessity for proper protection of
this natural resource, in consequence of which excellent cooperation
is given usually in securing information for prosecutions.
n January, 1918, the Bureau seized at Seattle, Wash., 47 unprime
red-fox skins and 3 unprime cross-fox skins from a shipment by
O. K. Quean, of Unalaska, Alaska. About the same time the master
of the fisheries steamer Roosevelt seized from a seaman aboard the
vessel 5 unprime fox skins which had been secured at Unalaska on
the last voyage of that vessel. These skins were sold at Seattle for
the benefit of the Government.
On February 6, 1918, the collector of customs at San Francisco
forwarded to the Bureau 4 pup sealskins which were seized at that
port in 1914. No claim or application for their return was made by
the owner, and instructions were given by the Secretary of the Treas-
ury for the forwarding of the skins to the Department of Commerce.
They were subsequently sold for Government account by Funsten
Bros. & Co.
On February 18, 1918, Samuel Gowen, special fur warden of the
Bureau, seized from Ike Koslosky, manager of the Northwestern Fur
Co., at Anchorage, Alaska, 96 beaver skins, 41 unprime mink skins,
and 1 unprime land otter skin. Koslosky was fined $100 and costs,
amounting to $30, in the United States commissioner’s court for
having the skins in his possession. The skins were forwarded to
Tacoma for sale for the account of the Government.
70 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Warden Shirley A. Baker, stationed at Dillmgham, in western
Alaska, reported that on March 18, 1918, he seized 1 unprime cross-
fox skin from John Matson at Squaw Harbor. On May 15 he seized
6 mink and 16 muskrats from Tom Tennison at Dillingham. He also
confiscated 5 bottles of strychnine which were in the possession of
Tennison. In addition 16 muskrats and 1 mink were seized from
Otto Johannesen of Mulchatna.
Warden C. L. Larson reported that on May 4, 1918, D. O. Banville
was convicted in the United States commissioner’s court at Franklin
of having purchased and shipped a marten skin illegally taken by
an Indian. He was fined $20 and paid costs amounting to $2.75.
On June 19, 1918, Game Warden R. E. Steel reported from
Fagle, Alaska, that, acting upon information from the deputy
United States marshal at Fort Yukon, he had found and taken pos-
session of 21 marten skins which had been mailed at Fort Yukon
addressed to a New York firm. The skins were forwarded to the
Bureau.
On July 17, 1918, Warden C. F. Townsend reported from Ruby
that a United States marshal had turned over to him 10 beaver
skins seized from a trader from Seattle. The skins were forwarded
to Seattle.
On August 5, 1918, Assistant Agent Christoffers cooperated with
customs inspectors at Seattle in the examination of furs transported
by the schooner Ruby. Seizures were made of the following unprime
skins: 8 mink skins consigned by L. K. Goodmanson of Bethel,
Alaska, to Louis Levy, San Francisco; 4 mink skins, consigned by
Oscar Samuelson, Bethel, Alaska, to Seattle Fur Sales Agency, Seattle;
6 mink, consigned by J. A. Dull, of Bethel, Alaska, to West Coast
Grocery Co., Tacoma, Wash.; 21 mink skins consigned from Apokak,
Alaska, to the Kuskokwim Fishing & Transportation Co., Seattle;
1 weasel and 7 mink skins consigned by C. F. Carlson, of Bethel,
Alaska, to B. B. Green for Horner-Williamson Co., New York City.
Warden C. F. Townsend reported from Russian Mission, on August
20 the seizure from August Melzer, a trader, of 3 beaver, 3 lynx, and
1 mink. The beaver were concealed in the lynx skins, and the latter,
although prime, were accordingly confiscated also. The skins were
forwarded to Seattle.
On December 11 Special Warden Martin reported the seizure at
Seward from J. H. Smith of 1 beaver skin. A search warrant was
issued for the examination of Smith’s baggage, which resulted in
securing this skin. He was charged with its unlawful possession
and pleaded guilty in the United States commissioner’s court at
Seward, being fined $75, with costs in the sum of $22.05. The skin
was forwarded to Seattle.
On November 21 Special Warden F. A. Martin at Anchorage
seized 10 beaver skins from John Brunner which had been brought
in as baggage. Brunner was tried before the United States commis-
sioner at that place and was found guilty of unlawful possession of
these skins and was fined $100 and paid costs amounting to $24.30.
The skins were forwarded to Seattle.
Assistant Agent Christoffers reported on November 22 the seizure
at Seattle of the following furs: From shipment by Capt. Louis
Knaflich from Seward, Alaska, to the Kuskokwim Fishing & Trans-
portation Co. at Seattle, 6 unprime weasel skins; from shipment by
August Melzer at Nome to himself at Seattle, 5 unprime mink skins.
MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. feu
Assistant Agent Christoffers confiscated from H. Roseboom of
Bellingham, Wash., 9 fur-seal skins which had been purchased
from natives in the Bristol Bay district in 1917. The Solicitor of the
Department ruled that these skins could not be properly authenticated
as having been lawfully taken and must be sold at public auction
for the account of the Government. After such sale certificates
would be issued to show that purchasers were lawfully entitled to
their possession.
Warden C. F. Townsend, of Fairbanks, reported that he investi-
gated the rumor as to a case of poisoning at Shageluk in the fall of
1917, but obtained no definite information.
On March 4, 1918, Nicholai Mudock was arrested on complaint of
Warden Shirley A. Baker for having killed two sea otters off Sutwik
Island, on the Pacific side of the Alaska Peninsula, between April 18
and 25,1917. The case was tried at Naknek on March 13. Mudock
pleaded guilty and was sentenced to three months in jail. A heavier
penalty was not imposed on account of the defendant’s precarious
physical condition. Mudock claimed to have sold one of the skins
to William Rutchow, a fur trader at Cold Bay. Careful search failed
to locate the skin in Rutchow’s possession. Warden Baker com-
plained to the marshal at Kodiak that Rutchow was selling whisky
and making seditious remarks. He was subsequently fined $600 and
costs for these two offenses. The other skin had also been sold, and
it was not located.
SALES OF SEIZED SKINS.
During the calendar year 1918, the following confiscated skins were
sold at public auction: 41 mink, 96 beaver, 1 land otter, 51 red fox,
4 cross fox, 2 sea otters, und 13 fur-seal skins. The gross amount
received was $2,609.90. Commission and other expenses amounted
to $115.02, leaving a balance of $2,494.88 turned into the United
States Treasury. <A considerable number of confiscated skins were
awaiting sale at the end of the year.
FUR FARMING.
Accurate information in regard to fur-farming operations in Alaska
is difficult to obtain and is of fragmentary character. In many cases
operations are incidental to other work and have been more or less
unsuccessful. The data which the Bureau of Fisheries publishes are
obtained from correspondence with fur farmers and from reports of
employees in Alaska. The Bureau has no direct jurisdiction over fur-
farming operations, other than the enforcement of the law and regula-
tions for the protection of fur-bearing animals in Alaska. A number
of islands, however, are available for lease by the Department of Com-
merce for fox propagation purposes.
George L. he a of Hot Springs, reports that considerable loss
occurred in his operations in the spring of 1918 because of a disastrous
flood, in consequence of which only 33 silver pups were raised from
the stock of 29 pairs of silvers and 1 pair of crosses retained in 1917.
It was the intention to take the pelts of 25 of the silvers this season.
The foxes are kept in 60 corrals, 30 of which are 27 by 27 feet, and 30
are 6 by 27 feet. Mr. Morrison leased his ranch in the fall of 1918
and intended to enter military service.
fies ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
W. H. Newton, of Healy River, post office Richardson, continued
operations with two pairs of foxes. One litter of 6 was raised. He
has retained 4 pairs all reared in captivity, and hopes for better
success as they are docile and almost domesticated. It was stated
that he feeds cooked fish and vegetables. Mr. Newton considers the
locality ideal for fur farming, as the food is secured with a minimum
of effort and will stay frozen all winter without spoiling. He also
contemplates experimenting with marten.
F. Berry, Homer (via Seldovia), is undertaking fox farming in
partnership with Dr. E. F. German of Anchorage. They have 1 pair
of silver-black foxes and expect to increase the stock and also to
secure mink.
Sholin Bros. & Co., of Homer, report satisfactory progress in fur
farming. Operations were begun in 1915 with 3 pairs of silver-black
foxes; there was no increase in 1916, but in 1917 there were two litters
of 5 each which were raised successfully. Sixteen pups were success-
fully reared in 1918. Three pairs of young foxes have been sold and
they retained 12 pairs for breeding purposes. ‘The pens are about 36
by 40 feet, with log houses and dens inside. Cooked fish mixed with
corn meal, etc., and rabbits and meat scraps are fed.
James McPherson, of Ellamar, has blue foxes on Peak and Naked
Tslands in Prince William Sound. The foxes run wild on the islands,
the exact number not being known. Fifty-three pelts were taken in
1918. The principal food is fish of various kinds.
J. D. Jefferson, of Valdez, reports excellent success with blue foxes
placed on Bald Head Chris Island in 1917. The foxes run at large on
the island, but he thinks there are about 15 young. None was killed
for fur. The principal food is fish, with rice, oatmeal or corn meal,
cooked, with occasionally a little raw fish or.game. The foxes thrived
and have become extremely tame. Mr. Jefferson reports that they
eat ravenously except during the season when the fur is prime. The
cross foxes placed on the Dutch Group have not been successful and
all but one were lost. Mr. Jefferson intends to place blues on this
island and have a keeper to look after them. He states that food is
plentiful and easily obtained.
John Tashwak, who has been carrying on fox farming on a small
island near Afognak Island, reported that all of his foxes escaped by
swimming to the latter island, and that he had none on hand at the
end of the year.
Alex. Friedolin continued operations with blue foxes on Hog Island,
about 3 miles from Afognak village... He states that many young
foxes were lost in the spring and only two young were observed during
thesummer. The foxes run at large on the island, and on account of
crowded conditions in the burrows he has experimented in construct-
ing artificial burrows of logs with dirt on top and covered with roofs;
these are dry and warm, but the foxes have not made use of them.
In December, 1918, 6 male foxes were killed, and the remaining 3
females and 2 males were liberated for breeding stock. Two addi-
tional male foxes were procured and turned loose on the island.
Three blue fox pelts sold early in 1919 brought $91 each.
Joseph Filardeau, who maintains a fox farm at the head of Kache-
mak Bay, reports considerable difficulty and losses of foxes in 1918
through fright as the result of strangers working on the pens, and also
because of a shortage of proper food. Mr. Filardeau does not con-
sider foxes any harder to raise than other animals with the right loca-
MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 73
tion and proper food, but says that if they are kept too secluded and
are unaccustomed to seeing strangers and hearing varied sounds they
become extremely sensitive and difficult to handle if anything unusual
occurs. His stock consists of 5 pairs of foxes and two additional
females. Their chief food is sun-cured salmon, with some porcupine
and rabbit meat. Because of the scarcity of rabbits, Mr. Filardeau
is raising Belgian hares for fox food. He describes his fox pens as
follows:
As for the pens—I have built them differently from the usual way owing to the
character of the land, a sandy clay which gets very muddy and retains the dampness.
The pens are built 24 by 40 feet and 6 feet high, with a 2-inch plank floor, and the
sides are planked 2 feet high; from there up is 14-gauge wire netting. These pens are
also covered with 16-gauge wire. I keep about 6 inches of gravel and dirt over the
floor, also fresh sod, which I think absolutely necessary. As for shade, in summer
time I cut grass and throw it over the wire; I also give them green grass inside the
pens. The pensare built in two parts, with a wire partition in the center and asliding
door at each end, giving the foxes a chance for a run and exercise.
The dens are built outside the pens, and are of double inch plain lumber, with dirt
packed around them. The dens are connected by means of a spout to the pens.
There are two dens for each pen.
Peter Petrovsky, of Uyak, continued operations on Amook Island
with 3 pairs of silver foxes, 1 cross female and 1 blue male. Only
2 pups were raised in 1918. Mr. Petrovsky does not consider the
corral method very satisfactory on account of the prohibition against
the killing of birds, which makes it difficult to get a sufficient variety
of food.
A. B. Somerville forwarded a photograph of the skins taken from
the ranches operated by him in the Aleutian Islands Reservation.
These were the first secured since the island was stocked in 1912, and
resulted in a take of 224 blue and 15 white pelts, which it is stated
sold for $14,000.
S. Applegate, of Berkeley, Calif., maintains blue-fox ranches on
Samalga, Ogliuga, and Skagul Islands, within the Aleutian Islands
aaa In regard to his operations Mr. Applegate writes as
ollows:
{ do not know the number of foxes on either of the islands, as they are allowed to
run free, so of course I would not know the number of young born. From the reports
of the natives who look after the foxes for me, the litters usually number 5 to 10 young
ones; therefore I would judge that they will probably average about 7 young at a
birth. As many as 14 have been seen in one litter.
My foxes receive no artificial food, as there seems to be plenty of natural food on
the three islands I have chosen. One year I had a fox or two killed each month,
just to see in what condition they were. I was told they were found to be quite fat,
so I concluded it was’ unnecessary to import food for them. ‘Their fur in the season
of killing has always been found to be long, thick, and glossy, indicating a healthy
bodily condition.
I have used corrals and have found that it was a quite impossible, or at least a very
uncertain, way to raise them, for they would not breed. I believe the same thing
has been experienced elsewhere where it has been attempted.
As to the future prospects, I do not expect any more from my islands than they have
yielded in the past. From Samalga Island I will average between 45 and 50 foxes
each year. From Ogliuga and Skagul I can not say just what number I can take, as
I have had only one season’s killing from each.
The islands are all small, Samalga being 43 miles long and less than a quarter of a
mile wide. Ogliuga and Skagul are only about 300 yards apart, and each is about
24 miles in length.
As to the number of young foxes successfully raised, from my 18 years’ experience
on Samalga Island, I should say that about one and a half survives out of each litter;
or, in other words, about 80 per cent never attain full growth. This great loss is due
to their fighting among themselves and to their being preyed upon by ravens, large
gulls, and eagles, particularly eagles. I have been paying the natives for many years
74 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
a bounty on each eagle they kill. From 1907 to 1918 they turned over to me the claws
of 1,065 eagles. Prior to 1907 I kept no record of the number of eagles killed.
Joseph Voelkl, 18 Mile Post, Haines, reported that the foxes he
retained from 1917 had not bred and he had killed all of them. _ Five
of his stock of minks escaped from the pen and he killed the remainder.
He states, however, that he expects to build new corrals and obtain
new stock. |
A. C. Smith, Porcupine, Chilkat Valley, reported that he has 8 pens
and a stock of 4 pairs of breeders, 3 silver and 1 cross. Two litters
were born in 1918, one of 4 silvers and one of two crosses. He raised
3 of the silvers and 1 cross. The foxes are kept in 8 pens about
20 by 40 feet. The feed given is house scraps, bear meat, horse meat,
rabbits, owls, eagles, rice, corn meal, rolled oats, and all kinds of green
vegetables. 12)
Rufus D. Blakely, of Ketchikan, has undertaken the raising of
muskrats in lakes on Bold Island. It was thought that the efforts
to stock the lakes with suitable plans for food were not very success-
ful, because of the condition of the soil, which will require considerable
expense for proper treatment. It was stated that the owners con-
template further experiments, possibly with marten and foxes, which
require different food.
nspector EK. P. Walker comments as follows on operators in south-
eastern Alaska:
John Fanning, who was operating at McHenry Anchorage, Etolin Island, has aban-
doned his place. The few animals he had in captivity are reported to have escaped,
and it is probable that the marten that were on the small island were trapped. Thus
there remain but the following four positively known to be operating in the district:
A. C. Smith, at Porcupine, Chilkat Valley, foxes of red stock.
James York, on Sumdum Island, blue foxes.
Green and a partner, successors to Barkdah!] & Green, on Sokoi Island, foxes of blue
and red stock.
Bert Maycock, on Windfall Island, marten and probably some mink.
F. E. Blitz, an educated, temperate man, who has been the only successful fur
raiser in the vicinity of Telegraph Creek, British Columbia (160 miles up the Stikine
River), feels that fur farming is a thoroughly practical undertaking if properly located
and given the same attention and energies that would be devoted to any other high-
class stock raising. He feels that the cause of the numerous failures has been almbst
wholly due to drink, or, as he expressed it in another way, due to ‘“‘men who would
never make a success of anything.”
Warden M. J. O’Connor, after a tour of inspection of fox farms in
the Chilkat Valley, expressed the following opinion as to reasons for
lack of success:
I discovered that the fur farms in this district have not been given proper attention
for the raising of furs for commercial purposes, principally because the operators do
not give their entire time to the business. It appears, after talking with the leading
fur farmers in this vicinity, that their breeding pens are not properly situated in that
they are built adjoining each other, when they should be entirely apart and at a
distance so that the mothers can not hear the young in other pens, nor even see other
foxes, since the sight of such makes them very nervous.
SHIPMENT OF FURS FROM ALASKA.
As in previous seasons, shipments of furs from Alaska were reported
on special blanks prepared by the Bureau. Supplies of blanks were
furnished to all postmasters in Alaska and to commercial companies,
express companies, and all persons known to be shippers of furs.
Postmasters cooperated by indorsing the reports of mail shipments
atte having been properly filled out and forwarded them to the
ureau.
MINOR FUR-BEARING ANIMALS. 75
The furs shipped from Alaska in 1918 increased greatly in value as
a result of the general rise in prices. It is generally conceded that the
fur animals of Alaska are decreasing in number, although a larger
shipment of all species was reported in 1918 with the exception of
lynx and foxes. Reliance must be placed on the cooperation of the
shippers in making correct reports. Shipments otherwise than by
patie checked by comparison with the records of the collector of
customs at Juneau. For convenience the fur year is reckoned from
November 16 of one year to November 15 of the following year.
The following table shows the detailed statistics as compiled from
information furnished the Bureau in regard to furs shipped from
Alaska in 1916, 1917, and 1918:
Furs Surppep From ALASKA IN 1916, 1917, aNp 1918.
Year ended Nov. 15, 1916.} Year ended Nov. 15, 1917.| Year ended Noy. 15, 1918.
Species. 4
Num-| Aver- Total Num-| A ver- Total Num-| Aver- Total
ber of | age Sihas ber of} age aaipe ber of} age Sine
pelts. | value. "| pelts. | value. * | pelts. | value. H
Bear
BBG Kae eee eee Sct 1,129} $9.00) $10,161.00} 1,061] $14.00] $14,854.00] 1,164] $15,00] $17,460.00
STOW ee on ecco eco. 41 7.50 307. 50 62} 12.00 744. 00) 35} 12.00 420.00
GIRCEr Fe oe oes pce 5} 50.00 250. 00 8} 20.00 160. 00 35) 30.00 1, 050. 00
Grizzlysa so wanscaeesc 14; 14.00 196. 00 13] 17.00 221.00 42| 20.00 840. 00
TEIN een cee ae kes ee A ap aE Steer a axT44leh408 00) tee5s1760! O0|See eee taameel| aac tene cee
Beaver Btn cima aioe seeicen b 37 6. 50 240.50) ¢118} 10.00 1,180.00} @ 109) 21.00 2, 289.00
au RT Sis ee 4,345] .80| 3,476.00] 4,639] .90| 4,175.10} 9,133] 1.50] 13,699.50
OX:
Psldo kere cee aeete cea 26] 250.00} 6, 500. 00 10] 160.00 1, 600. 00 6} 150. 00 900. 00
LOCH eee Fee 659| 50.00} 32,950.00 887| 58.00} 51, 446.00 740} 85.00) 62,900.00
Blue, PribilofIslands.| — 420] 48.20} 20,242.00) | 567] 61.11) 34,653.50] | 692| 82.51! 57,099.50
Crossescs- se eeeek ~ ee 2,508) 25.00} 62,700.00) 2,669) 35.00) 93,415.00} 1,704} 50.00} 85, 200.00
Redes Ss ha. oSese 15,711) 12.00) 188, 532.00) 10,485) 24.00} 251, 640.00} 12,232] 28.00) 342, 496. 00
Silver PTAVS Sons eee 318] 150.00} 47, 700.00 443] 120.00} 53, 160. 00 440} 140.00} 61,600.00
WWhitere= 553-02 oa. e 6,178; 20.00) 123,560.00) 3,682) 28.00) 103,096.00} 4,531] 40.00} 181, 240. 00
White, Pribilof Islands. 20) 14.25 285. 00 39] 26.33) 1,027.00 19} 56.84 1, 080. 00
Hare; “Arctic.22-222 525.2. 1,090 15) 163. 50 89 . 40 35. 60 38 - 10 3.80
Tiynxiiden, Faas. lowe css 21,608] 12.00} 259, 296.00} 21,210] 14.00] 296,940.00] 7,692} 26.00) 199, 992. 00
MSO oo oe as won on too 3,100} 9.00! 27,900.00] €1,210! 14.00] 16,940.00) € 1,023] 19.00] 19, 437.00
MISE Saree ate 22, 255) 4.00) 89,020.00) 18, 832 4.00} 75,328.00} 24, 572 6. 50) 159, 718.00
ripen cond csas cekagess 101, 827 .35| 35, 639. 45) 72, 264 . 45) 32,518. 80} 86, 624 1. 20} 103, 948. 80
er: :
Wand ote oS Saree 1,330] 15.00] 19,950.00] 1,308) 15.00) 19,620.00] 1,647} 22.00] 36,234.00
Sea...... Seetecon5-2e2 F 1} 500.00 500. 00 g 2) 344.85 689. 70; J 1} 150.00 150. 00
Seal, fur, Pribilof Islands.| 7,061) 30.00) 211,830.00 9,140} 30.00) 274, 200. 00)%30, 819} 30.00) 924,570.00
Seal, ET a ee ee a RRS 2 | ee See ey 15) 30.00 150. 00) 39) 30.00 270.00
Squirrelasens eb. Soe. 214 -10 21. 40 117 05 5. 85) 153 . 02 3.06
Wolf... fcrenewececesessces 57| 7.00 399. 00 195} 8.00 1, 560. 00) 207) 18.00} 3,726.00
WiOlVerinO<. -. so cscscc, oa 297 6.00 1, 782. 00 435 8.00 3, 480. 00 846} 14.00) 11,844.00
Wotalie 8. |e rae LAS OOS oc. lec eeck 1,338,599.55).-.-.-- ica 2,288,170.66
a The killing of polar bears in Alaska is unlawful.
b Shipped under permit.
¢ A considerable number were seized skins.;It is unlawful to kill beavers in Alaska.
@ Confiscated skins.
e Checked against affidavits permitting shipments. It is unlawful to kill marten in Alaska.
J Found dead.
9g Unlawfully killed by natives.
h This is total number of skins shipped; total number seals killed was 34,890.
t Taken by natives.
J Confiscated skins.
76 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
LEASING OF ISLANDS FOR FUR FARMING.
The Department of Commerce is authorized to lease for the propa-
gation of foxes and other fur-bearing animals the Alaskan islands
listed below:
Istanps Wuicnw May BE LEASED FOR FuR FARMING.
Name of island. Location.
Chirikof: s22328ase ees. eet . Pe Bee SS Southwest of Kodiak Island.
Lb 0 1) es ae ROS aoe EEC ICS Sate Near Kodiak Island.
Marmot: Soci aecacise sence nota e Sener Le ae ee East of Afognak Island.
Dittle Konia. seccs. a acee ease sanesececeosee Shumagin Group.
Simconols7ee reek cece sete ee et Do.
Little Naked =)\220 8) ORs eis ee eo One of Naked Islands, Prince William Sound.
Carlson (Crafton) pas: Sacc cs tease cee eee eeee pee enee Prince William Sound.
Middletonaa sdassseesins cet Se esis het ee SES Gulf of Alaska.
Pear) oe sca ats come Senet eae oe a aE ee ee oct One of Chugach Islands.
Wiiza beth isis Sees saan ae See ok ee eee Do.
SA hi ville . 2/22 Se eecinc me Some eee Cann ae ee aoe One of Semidi Islands.
Chowiels cos csc: soce cee se cease erent eee Do.
The lease on Simeonof Island to J. C. Smith, of Sand Point, was
canceled for nonpayment of rent.
On December 31, 1918, the following islands were under lease:
Annual
Name of island. ania: Lessee.
Middletons#2 34) fo s.52)dhs eek ase ee eee ee $200 | Joseph Tbach, Cordova, Alaska.
Little Kontijis 2s 526 Meee eee cee eee 205 | Andrew Grosvold, Sand Point, Alaska.
earl. c4.. Mean eC ti cee ee ee ee 200 | I. D. Nordyke, Seldovia, Alaska.
——_e————————————— eee
Middleton Island, Gulf of Alaska.—This island is under lease to
Joseph Ibach, of Cordova. The foxes run wild on the island and the
lessee is unable to tell how many there are. In 1918,100 blue foxes
were killed.
Little Koniuji Island, Shumagin Group.—Andrew Grosvold suc-
cessfully continued fox-farming operations on this island. Detailed
information with regard thereto is not available at the present.
Pearl Island, Chugach Growp.—This island was leased from July 1,
1917, to 1. D. Nordyke of Seldovia. It was not stocked with foxes,
as Mr. Nordyke expected to enter military service, but he reports that
arrangements will be made to begin operations in the season of 1919.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.
PRIBILOF ISLANDS.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE WORK.
In 1918 the work at the Pribilof Islands was expanded greatly in
a number of lines and plans and arrangements were made for new
features. With the expiration of the close season of seal killings in
August, 1917, commercial killing was undertaken at the opening of
the killing season in 1918. Additional labor was brought from the
Aleutian Islands and assistants were sent from the States for the
season. By means of a special allotment it was possible to erect and
equip a by-products plant, which is in readiness for operation in 1919.
Considerable building work was undertaken, including new dwellings
for natives, salt houses, and a cold-storage building. Routine work
was carried on as usual, an important feature of which was the taking
of a census of the seal herds on the twoislands. Cargo for the islands
was again transported by the Bureau’s steamer Roosevelt.
PERSONNEL.
The statutory employees of the Bureau on the Pribilof Islands in
1918 are listed in the introduction. Asa matter of record, the follow-
ing information in regard to their activities is given, likewise in respect
to a number of temporary employees who were at the islands for brief
eriods: .
2 Agent and Caretaker H. C. Fassett, of St. Paul Island, arrived
there May 8, relieving G. Dallas Hanna, who had been in charge of
the Bureau’s work since in December. Mrs. Myra B. Fassett was
employed as a temporary assistant on St. Paul Island. Dr. Harold
Heath, of Stanford University, arrived at St. Paul Island on the
Saturn May 8 to participate in the taking of the seal census, Assistant
Agent A, C. Reynolds returned to St. Paul Island in May. Mrs. A.
C. Reynolds was employed as nurse on St. George Island. Five men,
Zac Botwright, Chas. Schwind, Emil Reinheimer, J. H. Quatmann,
and Fred Noack, were sent by Funsten Bros. & Co. to the islands in
May to assist in sealing work. R. B. Bentley and J. M. Bush were
employed in connection with the by-products plant. They arrived
at St. Paul Island August 11, leaving for the States in December.
Dr. Charles E. Johnson, who relieved Dr. W. T. Miles, physician, on
St. eon? Island, arrived there in August. Andrew Peterson and
Reason C, Gordon, carpenters for St. Paul and St. George Islands,
pal ee , arrived in August and left in December. Dr. Heath
and Dr. Miles left St. Paul August 13 on the Cedar. H. D. Aller
arrived at St. George Island November 3 to take up the duties of
storekeeper. Dr. i. H. Stromberger arrived at St. Paul Island
November 5 to succeed Dr. W. B. Hunter, who had resigned. Dr.
and Mrs. Hunter left St. Paul in December. Mr. and Mrs. George
Haley, school teachers on St. Paul Island, resumed their duties on
November 5. G,. Dallas Hanna and the five men from Funstens left
the islands on September 16 on the Roosevelt for Seattle. Assistant
Agent Reynolds and Mrs. Reynolds left St. George Island October
22, on a special trip of the cutter Bear, arriving at Seattle November 5,
160695 ° —20——22 77
78 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
By direction of the Secretary of Commerce, the agents and care-
takers on the Pribilof Islands were sent copies of the following letter
from the Secretary of the Navy, dated June 27, 1918, expressing the
appreciation of the commanding officer of the Alaskan Radio Expe-
dition, 1918, for their cooperation and assistance:
T have the honor to quote the following letter received from the commanding officer,
Alaskan Radio Expedition, 1918, for your information:
‘Upon the arrival of the Alaskan Radio Expedition and U. S. S. Saturn at the
Pribilof Islands we were given every assistance that could possibly be expected from
the Bureau of Fisheries. The agents in charge, Mr. A. H. Proctor and Mr. H. C.
Fassett, merit being brought to the attention of the Department of Commerce for their
many acts which were so largely instrumental in promoting the work of the expedition.
“To enumerate the many ways in which they assisted us would be a tedious task.
This assistance ranged from placing their transportation and repair facilities at our
disposal to furnishing accommodations and subsistence to officers and yard officials
in charge of the construction work. Aside from the material assistance they were
able to afford, their spirit of coordination was in itself highly appreciated.”’
Hon. Fred M. Brown, judge of the United States Court, division
No. 3, Territory of Alaska, advised in February that he has appointed
A. H. Proctor, agent and caretaker, St. George Island, as United
States commissioner. This was done upon recommendation of the
Bureau, it being thought necessary at the time in order to comply
with the marriage-law requirements of the Territory of Alaska.
PURCHASE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SUPPLIES.
As heretofore, arrangements were made to furnish the islands with
supplies and equipment essential to the welfare of the natives and
regular ‘employees comprising the Bureau’s staff. Schedules were
printed listing most of the items requisitioned by the agents. Every
effort was made to reduce all supplies as much as possible on account
of war conditions. Bids were opened at Washington, May 28, for
general supplies. It was found there had occurred a considerable
advance in price on most of the commodities needed. Supplies were
assembled at Seattle, the most convenient shipping point for the Pri-
bilofs. Most of the successful bidders were located at Seattle.
Arrangements were made with Hibbard, Swenson & Co. at Seattle
to transport 100 tons of coal from Seattle to the Pribilof Islands on
the Belvedere, a power trading schooner, which has made several
voyages to the Siberian and Arctic coasts. The War Trade Board
had considered the advisability of refusing a license for stores and
bunker supplies, but the owners offered to transport to the Pribilofs
100 tons of cargo without cost to the Bureau. Upon representations
of the advantage accruing to the Bureau, the War Trade Board
granted the necessary license. The Belvedere left Seattle on April 1
with 100 tons of coal and a few other supplies for the Pribilofs. The
vessel finished discharging at the islands on April 30.
The Roosevelt left Seattle April 27 with a.cargo of approximately
319 tons of general freight and 115,000 feet of lumber for the islands.
Passengers were five men in the employ of Funsten Bros. & Co., who
were sent to assist in sealing work, and Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Reynolds.
Three light motor trucks were included in the cargo.
Arrangements were made with the Bureau of Lighthouses for the
transportation on the lighthouse tender Cedar of certain heavy items
of machinery for the by-products plant, it being regarded that the
hoisting gear on the Roosevelt would not handle these heavy pieces.
PLATE VI.
U. S. B. F.—Doc. 872.
‘VASVTV ‘GNV1ISI 1NWd ‘LS ‘SOVITIA SO MSIA IWYSANSD
STITT rperriniy rae 4 Ue |
;
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 79
The Cedar sailed from Seattle June 12 and stopped at Anacortes,
where two additional pieces were picked up. The vessel arrived at -
St. Paul Island August 11.
The Roosevelt sailed from Seattle July 26 with 285 tons of general
cargo and about 62,000 feet of lumber. The cargo was made up
chiefly of materials for the by-products plant. Passengers were two
by-products experts, two carpenters, and Dr. Charles KE. Johnson,
who was to relieve Dr. W. T. Miles as physician on St. George Island.
On account of the large accumulation of freight at Seattle, it was
regarded as impossible for the Roosevelt to make complete deliveries
before winter, hence arrangements were made for the transportation
of 200 tons of salt and 100 tons of general supplies on the steamer
Firwood, sailing from Seattle the middle of August. This cargo was
transshipped by the Roosevelt from Unalaska in conjunction with
the transportation of coal purchased at that place.
The Roosevelt sailed from Seattle October 15 on the final trip of
the season with 340 tons of general supplies for the Pribilofs. Pas-
sengers were H. D. Aller for St. George Island and Dr. and Mrs.
Stromberger and Mr. and Mrs. George Haley for St. Paul Island;
also two persons identified with the radio station on the latter island.
Through the courtesy of the Coast Guard, 56 barrels, containing
1,978 fur-seal skins, were loaded October 6 at St. George Island on
the cutter Bear. The vessel landed these skins at Seattle on Novem-
ber 5. This cooperative action by the Coast Guard was of much
benefit, as it lessened the work falling to the Roosevelt later on when
heavy gales at the islands interfered greatly with operations. It was
reported that the continuance of heavy weather made it possible to
work cargo at St. George Island only three days during the month of
November.
BUILDINGS, WATER SUPPLY, AND ROADS.
On St. Paul Island two dwellings were practically completed for
occupancy by natives, and a new salt house was carried well toward
completion. A new chicken house was constructed chiefly from old
materials. Somealterations were made in the Government house to
provide greater comfort to the occupants and a start was made toward
temporarily repairing the company house, where several employees
live. A home-made hot and cold water system was installed in the
latter building, which added greatly to the comfort of those residing
there.
During the winter of 1917-18 storm windows were placed on the
natives’ dwellings for the first time. This resulted in considerable
saving of fuel as well as adding to the comfort of the people.
The water supply system for St. Paul Island is far from satisfactory,
but extensive changes were not possible during the year. It is
planned eventually to run a pipe line to Ice House Lake, but work on
this project is temporarily held in abeyance. During the winter of
1917-18 the pipe line from the well which had been previously used
to carry water to the tanks on the village hill burst at an unknown
point. Later a well was dug 16 feet deep in the north end of the
village. <A flow of water exceeding 20,000 gallons daily was struck,
and a pump and pipe line were temporarily installed connecting with
the village hill ave At first this water was of excellent quality,
but after some weeks it became slightly saline, so that its principal
80 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
use consisted of affording fire protection and water for laundry and
similar purposes. This relieved the natives from carrying a large
amount of water during the summer from the wells located about
one-half mile from the village, previously their sole source of supply.
A by-products building for the conversion of seal carcasses into
oil and fertilizer was built. Machinery was installed and a prelimi-
nary trial madein the fall of theyear. Detailsinregard to this project
are given under another heading.
With the press of other important duties, not a great deal of time
could be devoted to the construction of roads on St. Paul Island.
However, many bad places in the existing trails were so improved that
it became possible to transport to the salt house the sealskins which
were secured on the.distant killmg fields, with the exception of those
taken at Northeast Point. The establishment of a good system
of roads on the islands is believed to be one of the most important
things to be considered in the future. It is hoped that a definite
program can be outlined whereby transportation of the island
products may be satisfactorily accomplished. One of the most urgent
needs of good roads is to afford the seal rookeries protection in case of
raids. ‘These properties are so valuable that it is hoped means will be
provided soon whereby armed parties can be transported to any neces-
sary point on very short notice.
On St. George Island building operations constituted the chief
work after the seal-killing season was over. Two new dwellings were
constructed for the natives and are now occupied. A new salt house
was built and will be ready for use in 1919. Temporary repairs were
made to many of the buildings, the timbers of which are badly
decayed as a result of the 40 years or more some of the structures
have been in use.
Tn the early part of the spring roadways were partially constructed
about the village to enable the transportation of seal products and
other freight. ‘Time did not permit the building of completed high-
ways, but they were placed in such condition as to prove of great value.
The plan being padlined for roads on this island is based upon the
needs of sealing operations and the protection required for the
rookeries.
Some progress was made in improving the water supply on St.
George Island.
STEAMER ‘‘ ROOSEVELT.”
The Bureau’s steamer Roosevelt was used in 1918 as asupply ship for
the Pribilof Islands. Three voyages were made to the islands during
the season, the final trip extending well into the winter.
On the first voyage the Roosevelt left Seattle April 27 with a full
cargo of supplies, arriving at Akutan May 9. Fuel was taken aboard
and the vessel proceeded to the Pribilofs, After part of the cargo was
discharged diphtheria broke out on board, making it necessary to pro-
ceed to quarantine at Unalaska. The physician at St. Paul adminis-
tered antitoxin before the vessel left. On May 27 the Roosevelt
arranged to leave for Akutan to take on fuel oil, proceeding thence
to Bristol Bay to render aid to several cannery ships in distress on
account of the heavy ice. After completing this important work the
vessel returned to Akutan and thence to the Pribilof Islands, arriving
June 16. The ship had on board 11 Aleut workmen from Unalaska,
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. t 81
which were landed at St. Paul. On the return voyage the vessel
left the Pribilofs June 22, the chief items of the cargo being 3,542 fur-
seal skins and 711 fox skins. The ship arrived at Seattle July 7.
Certain repairs were then undertaken as a result of some damage
received while the vessel was engaged in rescue work in Bristol Bay.
It is remarkable that only very slight damage was done to the
Roosevelt notwithstanding that the vessel broke through 16 feet of
ice in places.
In the work in Bristol Bay the Roosevelt succeeded after a long
search in rescuing 21 persons from a camp on an ice floe where they
had taken refuge after the cannery ship Tacoma had sunk. The
cannery ships St. Nicholas, Centennial, and Star of Chili were brought
to safety by the Roosevelt. It is said that the St. Nicholas would
robably have been a total loss inside of 12 hours, with all hands.
ere were over 300 people on board, including 115 of the Tacoma’s
complement. The Centennial, with 161 persons on board, would
probably have been a total loss inside of another week. The Star of
Ohili, which had 220 persons aboard, was in no immediate danger.
The Roosevelt was actively engaged in this work for a period of
approximately 16 days, beginning from the time of departure from
ondaalch on May 27. Much credit is due Capt. Bierd and the officers
_and crew for the splendid results achieved. In this connection it
seems appropriate to quote from a letter of July 2, 1918, from the
Association of Pacific Fisheries, through its secretary, in regard to
services performed by the Roosevelt:
We wish to express the appreciation of the association and its members, especially
those engaged in Bering Sea operations, to you and through you to the officers and
crew of the steamer Roosevelt, for the excellent service rendered by that vessel in
extricating the large fleet of cannery vessels from the pronounced danger of the ice
in the Bristol Bay district. Many of the packers concerned have doubtless expressed
themselves on this subject, and it is our pleasure to convey to you the thanks of the
association In its entirety.
Letters commendatory of the excellent work done by the Roosevelt
in respect to the rescue of vessels in Bristol Bay were received from
Messrs. H. F. Fortmann of the Alaska Packers Association, and F.
Barker of the Columbia River Packers’ Association.
On July 26 the Roosevelt sailed from Seattle, arriving at the islands
in August. After discharging, a trip was made to Unalaskafor coal for
island use. On September 16 the vessel left the Pribilofs with 17,816
sealskins and about 55 tons of old bones on board, arriving at Seattle
October 3. Some delay occurred at Unalaska on account of illness of
the first and second officers.
The Roosevelt left Seattle October 15 and arrived at the Pribilofs
November 3, after having called en route at Akutan and Unalaska.
Severe weather was encountered around the islands, which so delayed
the discharge of cargo that it became necessary for the vessel to pro-
ceed to Akutan the latter part of November for fuel oil. The ship
arrived back at the Pribilofs December 2, and left there December 12
with 7,483 sealskins and minor items of cargo aboard. Seattle was
reached January 3, 1919.
82 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
POWER LIGHTER.
The sundry civil act approved July 1, 1918, contained an item of
$20,000 for the purchase or construction of a power lighter for the
Pribilof Islands. It had been pointed out to Congress that a vessel
approximately 75 feet in length would be very valuable for purposes of
communication between St. Paul and St. George Islands and for trips
to Unalaska, 250 miles distant, the nearest port of call by regular
commercial vessels. It was indicated also that such a tender er
lighter would be of much use in assisting with the loading and dis-
charging of freight at the islands, it being necessary for the supply
ship to anchor some distance offshore. Still another use for hes a
vessel would be in guard duty, it being the intention to mount guns
on the boat.
In due time plans were drawn by Lee and Brinton, naval architects
at Seattle, for a sea-going vessel 70 feet in length, 17 feet in beam, and
equipped with an 80-horsepower heavy-duty engine. Fuel tanks
were provided for a cruising radius of more than 2,000 miles; the
vessel’s cargo capacity was to be about 30 tons. Adequate accommo-
dations were to be provided for crew and passengers. Bids were
opened at the Seattle office on December 3, 1918, but as the lowest
was in the sum of $27,500 nothing could be done because of the
inadequacy of the appropriation. After readvertisement bids were
again opened at the Seattle office on January 8, 1919, but the lowest
was $26,900. It is the purpose to secure, if possible, a supplemental
appropriation by Congress in order that this vessel may be built or
a suitable substitute purchased.
INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC LIGHTS.
Through cooperation with Gunner L. B. Dustin of the Naval
Radio Station the Bureau was able to install a small electric-lighting
plant in the village on St. Paul Island. Almost all of the equipment
except the engine was borrowed from the radio station and was sub-
ject to return at any time. The miscellaneous supplies which were
borrowed have been returned, but the Bureau is still using the
generator and switchboard.
The engine and generator were placed on the concrete basement
floor of the Government shop and belt was run to the floor above
which operated band saw, lathe, and grindstone. Lights were
installed in the shop, company house, dispensary, club house, and
Government house. Outside wiring consisted chiefly of ee picked
up about the station. Properly insulated wires protected by mold-
ings were placed inside. The distributing switches are protected
with fuses and outlets to lines are made in an approved manner.
The wiring was done by the electricians of the radio station.
The engine was equipped to burn kerosene and it was found that
the quantity used was Abas than two-thirds that which had formerly
been used in the same buildings in kerosene lamps. Owing to the
economy thus secured and the superior surroundings which electric
lights provide, plans are being made for the lighting of the villages
on both islands by this means. f
The Bureau is under great obligation to the personnel of the radio
station in this matter.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 83
USE OF AUTO TRUCKS.
On the first trip of the Roosevelt in 1918 three 1-ton auto trucks
were sent to the Pribilof Islands, one to St. George and two to St.
Paul. These were Ford machines with Wright truck attachments,
and they proved of very great value on both islands.
On St. George Talend, the truck was used in the early part of the
season to construct roads about the village, and later when the
sealing operations began, skins were hauled to the salt house and
carcasses were hauled to the silo for preservation for winter fox food.
After the sealing season was over the truck was of further use in
moving building materials and other supplies about the village.
Heretofore the only means of conveying freight on St. George was
by man power, other than for the short tramroad extending from the
landing part way up the village hill.
The St. Paul Island trucks were placed in immediate operation and
were used in such work as had been done previously by mules.
Sealskins were hauled from several killing grounds to the salt house,
freight was distributed from the landings, and some work was done
toward the building of roads to the more distant parts of the island.
There was some difficulty experienced on this island in getting the
machines through loose sand, which occurs especially on the way to
Northeast Point. In fact, it was not possible to get within 4 miles
of this large killing ground.
The feasibility of using power transportation equipment on the
islands was thus fully demonstrated. The Bureau plans to provide
additional trucks or tractors as soon as possible.
BY-PRODUCTS PLANT.
During the season of 1918 a by-products plant was erected on St.
Paul Island for the reduction of seal carcasses. A special allotment
of $25,000 was secured in April from the National Security and
Defense Fund for this plant, of which $24,125.07 had been expended
at the end of the year for special machinery, supplies, equipment,
and miscellaneous expenses. The building is 55 by 75 feet, of two-
story frame construction, with concrete foundation. The chief
items of equipment are as follows: One 300-ton hydraulic tankage
press; 1 rotary vacuum fertilizer drier; 1 vacuum pump 6 by 8 by 12,
with condenser; 2 grease tanks; 2 digesters, maximum capacity
44 tons each; one 4,000-gallon fir tank; two 125-barrel closed-top oil
tanks; 2 steel tanks, small; one 35-horsepower boiler; one 12-horse-
power horizontal steam engine; one 15-horsepower horizontal gas
engine; one 6-horsepower horizontal gas engine. The machinery has
been so placed that 2 more digesters can be added without rearrange-
ment.
The building was put up and machinery installed under the super-
vision of R. B. Bentley, a by-products expert engaged for the season.
Although the plant was completed too late for much practical use
before the seal migration was over, two experimental tests were made
which gave interesting results. In the first test 71 carcasses were
placed in the digester, some of which weighed as much as 180 pounds,
and in the second test 73 carcasses were used, ranging in weight from
41 to 131 pounds. It was found that from 3 to 3} hours was the
84 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
length of time necessary to cook the carcasses, depending on size, in
order to soften the bones sufficiently for proper handling in the press.
This was with a load of 6,000 pounds of raw material in the digester.
Pressure of between 2,200 and 2,500 pounds is required to remove
the oil from the material after it comes from the digester. In drying,
a steam pressure of 45 pounds was carried on the drier, the time
required being 24 hours. It is reported that the meal is of very
good quality and will not need grinding, as the largest piece of bone
is not larger than a match head.
In these two tests with 144 carcasses, or 12,644 pounds of raw
product, 2,738 pounds of seal meal and 70 gallons of oil were secured,
an average of 19 pounds of meal and one-half gallon of oil per carcass.
This, however, is not considered to be a fair test of the quantity of
oil obtainable because quite an amount of oil in spaces in the ma-
chinery was not recovered, and moreover the seals were taken in the
latter part of October just before the end of the migration, when they
are poor and thin, with almost no blubber remaining on them.
During the regular killmg season prior to August 10 much more
blubber will remain on the carcasses, and it is estimated that an
average of 2 gallons of oil will be obtained from each carcass.
Arrangements are being made for tractors and trailers for use in
the season of 1919 for transportation of carcasses principally from
Northeast Point, where large killings are made.
COLLECTIONS OF OLD SEAL AND SEA-LION BONES.
Three shipments of old seal and sea-lion bones from the Pribilof
Islands were made in 1918, which were delivered at Seattle as follows:
July 7, gross weight 86,010 pounds; October 3, gross weight 108,726
pounds, and January 3, gross weight, 30,631 pounds. These bones
were delivered to Brady & Co., of Seattle, under contract to purchase
at $29 per ton. The total net weight of the three shipments was
205,611 pounds, and the net proceeds after Senne une expenses for
weighing, resacking, etc., were $2,785.66, of which the natives
earned $1,119.80 for collecting the bones. The balance was turned
into the Treasury of the United States.
On account of the great expansion of activity in other lines of work
on the islands, it has not been possible to devote much attention to
the collecting of seal bones. It is planned that the bones now
awaiting shipment will be sold on local proposals at Seattle or San
Francisco, as means for their transportation become available.
NATIVES OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS.
HEALTH CONDITIONS.
In the main the health of the people on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska,
during the calendar year 1918, has been good. Births have exceeded
deaths, as shown by the census report, and no dangerous epidemic of
infectious disease manifested itself. Through the greatest of good
fortune Spanish influenza did not reach these isolated islands. Grave
consequences were foreseen in case it should have broken out. Diph-
theria occurred on board the Bureau’s supply vessel Roosevelt, but
fortunately before there had been any exposures of consequence, the
use of antitoxin by the St. Paul physician was effective in preventing
the introduction of this disease. The vessel was quarantined in
Unalaska until it was safe to return to the islands.
U. S. B. F.—Doc. 872.
PLATE VII.
|
*
ne ye
ONT ES
7@ had Ves s
BY-PRODUCTS PLANT, ST. PAUL ISLAND, 1918.
NEW TYPE OF NATIVE COTTAGE, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918.
“
een ae
o
75
48 a ey
: ea
4
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 85
The labor connected with the taking of upward of 30,000 sealskins
in the short period of about two months was very fatiguing to the
natives, because it had been so jong since they had been employed to
such an extent before. Not since 1889 had as many been taken,
which was of course before most workmen. of the present generation
were old enough to go on the killing fields. It is believed that in
subsequent seasons this difficulty will not be encountered to such an
appreciable extent.
Several major operations were successfully performed by the
island physicians, most notable among which was that by Dr. W.
Byrd Hunter on account of the unfortunate fall from a cliff on St.
Paul Island of Dr. Harold Heath, of Stanford University, temporarily
in the Bureau’s service as naturalist. The trail over which he was
walking near Tolstoi rookery caved away, and he fell upon jagged
rocks about 45 feet below. Fractures of both legs and of a number of
face bones resulted. Through prompt and efficient medical and hos-
pital ue his life was saved, but he was incapacitated for many
months.
The Bureau sent to St. Paul Island some lantern slides which were
received from the Public Health Service. These were shown in
connection with motion-picture exhibitions and were productive of
considerable interest among both natives and employees. ~
As with the schools, progress toward an ideal situation in medical
and sanitary matters is necessarily slow. Notable progress, however,
is made each season, and when it is considered that 60 years ago the
population was living in underground hovels, the results in the
aggregate are highly satisfactory. Each year marks a step forward
in the betterment of the natives from both medical and moral stand-
points. One of the greatest results obtained has seemed to be the
elimination of church practices which were conducive to the spread
of tuberculosis and other communicable diseases. The natives in
general are amenable to discipline and after a little cheerful persuasion
are willing to abandon inherited and acquired customs which are
believed to beinjurious. Physicians have compared the island com-
munities most favorably with such places as coal-mining camps.
Some of the Bureau’s officials who have had occasion to visit many
parts of Alaska in the course of their duties have stated that the
conditions on the Pribilofs are much better than among the other
native communities.
In the fall of 1918 A. C. Reynolds, then assistant agent on St.
Paul Island, was taken ill with what was diagnosed brain tumor.
His condition became so serious that the physician asked for his
immediate removal to the States. Through the cooperation of the
Coast Guard the cutter Bear called at St. Paul Island and took Mr.
Reynolds and his wife to Seattle. On November 9, a few days after
arrival, he passed away. His loss is seriously felt by all concerned.
SCHOOLS.
It is believed that the earnest efforts of the school-teachers on
St. Paul and St. George Islands have been rewarded with encouraging
progress. In any one year it would be impossible to effect a revolu-
tion in the entire social life of the natives, yet this would be necessary
to produce the condition which is most desired. The making over of
86 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
people living in an aboriginal manner and without knowledge of
American institutions into useful citizens of the country must
necessarily be a slow process. Many persons whose acquaintance
with them lasts but the brief period of one or two years are apt to
become discouraged and give up hope of any material change for the
better. When it is remembered, however, that all progress which
has been made to the present time has occurred in comparatively
few years, it must be admitted that the work of the teachers has been
splendid. }
There are many handicaps in their way, yet it appears that these
are being overcome in the best possible manner. It is the purpose
to create a community of English-speaking people with all the
knowledge which is required of the best American citizen. The
poe obstacle to this is the fact that the people speak the Aleut
anguage in their homes. Some of the older ones, who had little or
no opportunity to attend the schools, have little knowledge of the
English language. The children arein English-speaking surroundings
(school room) a very short time, yet many of them are able to speak
and write on any of the subjects which come within their purview;
so it becomes clear that the English language can be established in
the short period of about one generation in a locality where another
language is used exclusively.
Another thmg which hinders progress of the children in school is
the lack of textbooks which would be most suited to their pepe
but this can not be overcome, because books which would be best
adapted to the north are not in existence. ‘The people of the Pribilof
Islands have never seen most of the articles upon which the text of
elementary class books is based. Hence a great deal of improvisa-
tion must be resorted to by the teacher.
C. E. Crompton, school-teacher on St. George Island during the
winter of 1917-18, has analyzed the problem very carefully. The
following quotations from his report will throw further hight thereon:
The children were obedient, as polite and well mannered as they knew, and the
schoolroom in general always presented a neat and well-ordered appearance. Un-
cleanliness was exceptional, and no criticism was made except in the case of two
families, who were already noted for being the most backward in the community.
The greater number of the children take school and its work quite seriously, and
although this tendency was not deterred, an effort was made to encourage them in
play. This they do not know how to do, and when opportunity was offered they
were shown simple little games, how to make toys of paper and wood, and various -
other ways of amusing themselves. This, of course, was outside of school hours.
The pupils are tractable, good natured, supersensitive, and responsive to good
treatment, and it is felt that they,try to do right most of the time. This is true of
the normal adult Aleut as well. : ’
The methods of instruction in general were the same as those in force during the
preceding term, and they were found quite satisfactory. It is believed that the
system of teaching which is now in vogue in the island schools is admirably suited
to the needs and capabilities of the children, and will produce excellent results if
continued through a period of years. Written work was required in all classes; such
work had to be reasonably neat and no copying was permitted. The papers were
in most cases made out with pencil, corrected by the teacher or by the pupils in class,
and returned to the owners that they might know their mistakes.
No strict rules are adhered to in the advancement of the pupils. They go forward
as individuals whenever their work warrants the step; never before. With this plan
in operation, no bright pupil is held back because of dull ones in his class.
One of the greatest drawbacks to the school work was the haste with which classes
had to be handled in order to hear them all within the school day. This condition
must invariably result when children of all ages resort to the same schoolroom.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 87
At all times it was the aim to keep alive interest in the school, its work, and the
advantages to be gained from earnest application to what it had to offer. With this
in mind, steady routine work was avoided as much as was consistent with the desired
rate of progress. Singing, spelling matches, addition and multiplication drills and
talks by the teacher on subjects which could be understood, did much toward this
end. This occasional stimulation of interest is believed to be very important inas-
much as it seems a trait of the Aleut to demand periodical excitement and variation
as the price of his undivided attention.
As has often been said, the seeming apathy with which the Aleut people regard
the study of our language constitutes the greatest difficulty in the accomplishment
of other work in the schools. This is indeed true, and while the belief is entertained
that considerable progress has been made during the past term, the day when it will
cease to be the prime factor in the school work is not yet in sight.
As in several previous terms the exclusive use of English in the schoolroom was
insisted upon. It was voluntarily used to a certain degree in the outdoor play about
the school building. In order to encourage expression the pupils were not prohibited
from conversing freely in an undertone as long as this did not disturb the hearing of
classes and general order of the room. It was felt that this laxity of strict class-room
discipline was in good cause as the free exchange of thought, in English, is one of the
most desirable ends we have in view for the present.
The story books received last November from the Bureau through its librarian
were placed in a neat bookcase and given a permanent place in the schoolroom.
The children were allowed to take these in systematic order one at a time, and they
proved of very great assistance in the work. Many of the adults availed themselves
of this opportunity to obtain reading matter and some became regular applicants.
It is hoped that more books of a similar character to these may be furnished from
time to time to the end that this little library may eventually become a dependable
source of entertainment for the children. The books already sent were exceptionally
appropriate for the existing needs. The value of children’s periodicals such as the
Youth’s Companion, the American Boy, St. Nicholas, and others, is inestimable in this
connection.
As in other subjects, the difficulty incident to the study of arithmetic texts was
entirely due to an incomplete understanding on the part of the pupils of the English
statements contained in them. It is felt that of all studies arithmetic is the most
difficult to present in an orderly manner to the Aleuts. However, regular classes
were held, embracing subjects from simple addition to computing area and volume.
Daily practice in writing was continued throughout the term and steady improve-
ment was noticeable in many cases. ‘Toward the close of the term all were asked to
write a letter to some one whom they knew on St. Paul Island. This idea was taken
up with apparent pleasure, and the correspondence was mailed in the regular man-
ner. Many of them wrote very intelligible letters about school, community, and
family affairs, and it is planned to encourage further letter writing between people
of the islands in order that they may more often be called upon to express their thoughts
in our language.
Spelling is the one subject in which the Aleuts do not meet with the usual diffi-
culties. They can commit the words by simple observation of their structure with-
out making any effort to understand theirmeaning. In this last connection, however,
they were given the definition of each word as they wrote it out, and a test late in
the term showed that they had grasped the meaning of a great number of words.
The institution of a course in manual training, it is believed, would prove very
beneficial. With the number of pupils at present under one teacher, however, it
would bean impracticable step. Otherimportantstudies would have to be abandoned.
Instruction in cobbling was given to the older boys, and the resulting work was
entirely worthy of the effort made. It is felt that this is a good measure of thrift,
and that similar instruction should be continued during each school year, even at
the sacrifice of some textbook studies.
It is spprcoriatp here to comment on the work of the junior school which was con-
ducted by . Proctor. The value of this little preparatory course is inestimable.
The pupils coming from there to the senior school have already obtained a knowledge
of conversational English, of what the school is and its purpose, and also an under-
standing of schoolroom decorum, which is sometimes hard to impress upon very
young children. If the senior school-teacher were to devote the time and attention
necessary to starting in of the newcomers, it would very seriously handicap the work
of the older children.
The number of pupils enrolled in the school was 15 boys and 18 girls, a total of 33.
The average daily attendance was 27.25 and the percentage of punctuality 99.56.
88 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
On St. Paul Island the regular plan of procedure has been followed
by the teachers. In addition to the usual work, the girls have had
either sewing or knitting lessons once each week. In sewing it was
aimed to teach the most common stitches and to sew on buttons and
a button holes. Mittens and socks were made in the knitting
classes.
In order to promote their knowledge of English, the children were
required in a great many cases to write out the weekly requests for
supplies from the store for their families, The adding up of all these
proved to be valuable training in arithmetic.
It is reported that the books which were sent to the school
library were much appreciated by both teachers and pupils. These
volumes have greatly increased the interest in the school work and
have led to some reading in the homes by both children and parents.
ATTENDANCE AT SALEM INDIAN TRAINING SCHOOL, CHEMAWA, OREG.
Encouragement has been given to the natives of the Pribilof
Islands to attend the Salem Indian Training School at Chemawa,
Oreg. It is believed that in addition to the educational advantages
thus available, the opportunity to come in contact with the outside
world tends to broaden their views and to be beneficial in many ways.
Several have thus embraced this opportunity to receive an education.
From March 31, 1917, the date of the last census, to the end of 1918,
two had completed the course and returned to the islands. These
were John Hanson of St. Paul Island, and Constantine Lestenkof of
St. George Island, both young men who are now among the most
useful to the Bureau and the communities. Some Pribilof natives,
after completing the course of study, have chosen to remain in the
States.
During the above-mentioned period one native other than those
named returned to the islands and five departed for the school. One
returned to the islands for a visit at the close of his first term of three
years, but again enrolled for a second term. The authorities at the
school have spoken in the highest terms regarding the intelligence
and behavior of the Pribilof natives.
Unfortunately two boys died at the school in 1918. Terrenty
Merculieff, age 14, died June 18, of pneumonia. His mother, Agafia
Merculieff, three brothers and one sister reside at St. Paul Island.
He entered school during the summer of 1917. His estate consisting
of $36.44 on December 31, 1918, in the custody of the Commissioner
of Fisheries as trustee, will be disposed of properly im due time.
Alexey Emanoff, age 18, died October 14 of pulmonary tuberculosis.
He is survived by a stepmother and four stepbrothers on St. Paul
Island, but he had been cared for by Ekaterina Krukoff, to whom his
estate of $270.41, in the custody of the Commissioner of Fisheries as
trustee, will pass. He entered school at Chemawa in the fall of 1915
but was kept at a sanitarium at Lapwai, Idaho, the greater part o
the time.
The following table gives the status of Pribilof natives at Chemawa,
as of December 31, 1918:
PLATE VIII.
U. S. B. F.—Doc. 872.
'YVASVIV ‘GNV1SI 3DYOAD ‘LS ‘NSYCTIHD TOOHOS SAILVN
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 89
Prisitor Istanps Natives IN ATTENDANCE AT SALEM INDIAN TRAINING ScHOOL.
Dec. 31, 1918.
Year of
Name. Island residence. enroll-
ment
imanott, Tontky Ssosocc nese semester set olen cee StsPAaUlososncsscss. = wSSE ES eee 1916
TONGS) Jab SE a ae RR Bh Oe seeceteee cesta aee ot ee eee 1915
rats) A kala Gos foc ereemeneneree ares erst cineca sslteaen AO: meee eee ee tens cene eee ek coe 1915
FIRS ON ACU Ane e cote ed ae ete eteeotscs oc aa |tiees QS Ben coonc cot CQO SEEDS DEM aACEH OE = 1915
MP AUS) OG NANA ceemmmenaceiate de alate tents vera teaiocsaccl-oees DOM cee sarisee ees actcieseceeee ete 1915
RSOCHGEPIN he ClOl Ul sarmemeiein cus eea ee coe teL ce a} tear OEE SE een DOD S OR OCnor RoC MeREeoEEe 1916
Lekanof, George so 22 oe TSS Shae Bde eb Aa eeecee unGeolre eee ssees saccade = eeeee toe 1914
MelOWMdOUA NOV ennemaesaces aac eeeccoscciton canes Slab aes joseraedacss tease eens 1917
Sin paline ania: meee sce cen Sa eee ete oe tek do! SMe sae stesso 1917
Bibeuoartl, NICOL at cp penarcte ee tes ateeteiseeeinataccs 5 | eee OS hs ecne pine spa gbbe meecURbaee 1917
Stepetin, Vasilii........-..--.-.--- Se basccceceosenuee [eee Ue 6abeesccochas cee Peossoceceees 1917
a Mother of Agrifina, Martha, and Ouliana Fratis, but not actually in attendance at the school.
MOTION PICTURES.
In the fall of 1916 the personnel of the Naval Radio Station on St.
Paul Island purchased a motion-picture projector. The Bureau
secured 100,000 feet of films, chiefly of an educational and news-
ictorial character, although a few reels were comedies and dramas.
hrough informal arrangements the employees of the radio station
furnished the current and operated the machine. This was installed
in the building known as the native shop, and exhibitions were given
at regular intervals throughout the fall and winter. It is the ex-
ressed opinion of every one concerned that this was probably the
est investment which had ever been made from an educational
standpoint for the natives.
Under similar arrangement films were secured in the fall of 1917 and
exhibitions were given through the following winter months with
the same gratifying results. In the spring of 1918, the natives of
St. Paul Island subscribed funds for the purchase of the machine
from the radio station employees. Films were provided by the
Bureau the following fall in the same manner as before.
The natives of St. George Island organized in the spring of 1918
and subscribed funds for the purchase of a motion-picture projector.
This was sent from Seattle in the summer and put in operation in the
fall with films supplied in the same manner as for St. Paul Island.
SAVINGS ACCOUNTS.
As in previous years, a number of the natives of the Pribilof
Islands have personal funds which are in the custody of the United
States Commissioner of Fisheries as trustee. These funds are still
on deposit with the Washington Loan & Trust Co., Washington,
D. C., and draw interest of 3 per cent per annum, calculated on
monthly balances. During the year 1918 one native, Elisaveta
Rukovishnikoff, withdrew all funds which were to her credit and the
account has therefore been closed.
On January 1, 1918, the balance was $4,454.98. Interest credited
July 1,1918, amounted to $60.12, and on December 31, 1918, $50.70,
making a total of $110.82 for the entire year. No funds were de-
osited during the year, and withdrawals amounted to $1,391.15,
leans a balance on December 31, 1918, of $3,174.65, in accordance
with the itemized statement which follows.
90 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Prireitor IsLhANDS Natives’ SAavines ACCOUNTS IN THE CUSTODY OF THE UNITED
STATES COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES, AS TRUSTEE, Dec. 31, 1918.
Funds of— Amount. Funds of— Amount.
St. Paul Island: St. Paul Island—Continued.
$95. 07 Merculieff, .Panl A; _--..---- be aeeee $14. 27
57.19 Merculieff, Terenty @...........-.--- 36. 44
24. 25 Oustigoff, Peter. .2...<.--2+- be 23. 03
278. 51 Pankoff, Agrippina 2 222. 05
87. 53 Pankoff, Maria M.......--- a3 40. 64
= 516. 03 Sedick, Marina... .-02.c02 eas = - 38
Fratis, Martha 6 87. 53 Tetott; Vakenty, M5 o-oo a... eee 40. 63
patis; Onulan ae sooc cae = seo Se =~ s<c 87. 53 || St. George Island:
Gromoft, Filiamia ss ceca someon 401. 21 Galanin’ (Mary-\-2--cseeeeosne <stsGee 272. 22
IHsnson sJonneeser. oot. oot 18. 20 Lestenkof, Michael. ....--...-ccscss TIE 2y,
Kozlofi,(Parascevia..-6 <2. ---2>-<< 82. 91 Merculiof, Agrifina-- 2.5). -s-2sesee 116. 58
Krukoff, Ibi eae nea 42. 63 Merculiof; Josephiae case s-eeseeeeeee 22. 88
Mandregan, Alexandra M...-..-...--- 9. 64 Merculiof, Polyxenia.............--- 11. 57
Melovidoy,Alfey-co2-5<45: -c)-stiecce 40. 64 Philomonof, Mary @...........-.-.-- 111. 76
Melovidov; Amtoni2.. 2c sees eee 3. 50 Philomonof, Zoya ¢.....-.---------- 110. 57
Meloyvidovslloseiomac.----22-= == 40. 64 Shane; Michael 5.22. saace-st-conee 27. 95
Merculieff, Dosofey_-....-.-.-------- 36. 44 Zacharof, Emanuel. .......-...--=-<- 30. 08
Merculiel, Makary. nc... ssc-mosesee ee 36. 44 —_——_———__—
Merculieff, Mariamna............-.- 36. 44 Total... 32 se aee528 soe =e 3, 174. 65
a Deceased, estate undivided.
b Not living on islands in 1918,
e Married to Michael Borenien in July, 1918. Left St. Paul Island in December, 1918.
LIBERTY BONDS.
The natives of the Pribilof Islands subscribed to Liberty bonds of
the third issue in the amount of $2,350. Of this sum, St. George
Island natives purchased $1,200 worth with money earned by
taking fox skins, and $300 worth from funds on deposit with the
Washington Loan & Trust Co. St. Paul Island natives purchased
$850 worth from funds on deposit at the same bank. These bonds,
47 in all, were of $50 denomination. Since purchase, three have
been disposed of by the natives at par value, and the remaining 44
are being held in a safe-deposit box at the Washington Loan &
Trust Co.
The natives of St. George Island subscribed to Liberty bonds of
the fourth issue in the amount of $2,150; the bonds numbering 43
in all are of $50 denomination. Of this amount, $150 contributed
by the natives of St. George Island was invested in three bonds as
the beginning of a fund to be used for the building of a new parsonage.
These three bonds are being held in the name of the ‘‘St. George
Island Church Building Fund.’’? They are also in a safe-deposit
box at the Washington Loan & Trust Co. These 43 bonds were
purchased with funds earned by the St. George natives for the
taking of sealskins.
The St. Paul Island natives subscribed to Liberty bonds of the
fourth issue in the amount of $4,700. These bonds, 94 in number,
are of $50 denomination. They were purchased direct from the
Treasury Department by the Commissioner of Fisheries with funds
earned by the natives for the taking of sealskins and were forwarded
to the island April 10, 1919. There were also purchased from the
Treasury Department nine $50 bonds of this issue for the Chinese
cook on St. Paul Island. These bonds were forwarded to Assistant
Agent Christoffers at the Seattle office, to be held by him pending
instructions from the owner regarding their disposition.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 91
On April 10, 1919, there were forwarded to the natives of St.
George Island all interest coats due through April 15, 1919, on
the bonds of the fourth issue and also all interest coupons due through
March 15, 1919, on the bonds of the third issue. There were sent to
the St. Paul Island natives poupors due on the bonds of the third
issue through March 15, 1919. The total of all coupons forwarded
amounted to $122.63.
DIVIStON OF SEALING FUND IN 1918.
Pursuant to the terms of the contract with the Department of
Commerce, Messrs. Funsten Bros. & Co., of St. Louis, advanced funds
for the reimbursement of natives at the Pribilof Islands for taking
fur-sealskins. In 1918 thesums of $17,376.35 and $3,600 were depos-
ited with the Dexter Horton National Bank at Seattle to the credit
of H. C. Fassett and A. H. Proctor, respectively.
St. Paul Island.—The natives were classified according to their
value and ability. On St. Paul Island the sealers were divided into
four classes, as follows:
Division or Seatine Funp, Sr. Paut Istanp, 1918.
Number | Share of
of men. each.
MinsiiClass se eee eer teers ee cee Yee. SS ISR Se Jee rea fed ns ERE 21 $391. 50
SeGCONG Class ees asst ceaas coc c ces e cee oa sae ces on OB ae cae ome sae ae eds oes cpaceh oleae 9 293. 50
Rhirgilassate ss ees ss Saha oc we Sc sete eee See Oe ce Sere eae. 9 195. 50
IROUNUIN GlaSS eaeoee Sea ces ae wala ae mese o wicinie © aretoinre = ala ara naio ws crea jshicigcdisja gach coiscesemes D 98.00
OUR Seria ce ciclessisewias saeco urn seecoee cee cececute cttoee ccee lee cocee ceca eect QQ ose ccedeece
In addition there were 10 others, 8 boys and 2 laundresses, who
received small amounts on St. Paul Island. The total take of skins
was 26,881, but a deduction of 377 was made for faulty workmanship,
leaving 26,504 skins at 50 cents per skin, or a total of $13,252, which
was disbursed on 54 vouchers for the services of an equal number of
St. Paul natives in obtaining and preparing for shipment the seal-
skins taken from the beginning of the calendar year through August
10, 1918.
In addition, pay rolls for the services of 11 Unalaska natives from
June 1 through November 19, 1918, in the sum of $4,024.35 were
paid. Also the sum of $100 was disbursed as a special emolument to
two native foremen.
The following is a statement of these disbursements for St. Paul
Island:
Payments tot Hathves: : sos2 2255525 25.2422 o.0 22 OSA UOT PE ee ae $13, 252. 00
PRUNES LO KOROINOO 8 0) oi ME os ose ac es oo eee eee 100. 00
Payments to-ll-Unalaska laborers 2: .:- 2226.22... ol 270) eee 4, 024. 35
rt re ER Ne og on. ns to oe EE LA 17, 376. 35
The above payments aggregate the total sum deposited to Mr.
Fassett’s credit.
92 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
St. George Island.—The take of sealskins on St. George Island in
the calendar year 1918 through August 10 was 7,000. In arriving
at the method of dividing the earnings of the natives, Mr. Proctor
rated the sealers as follows:
Division oF SEALING FunpD, St. GEorGE IsLANnp, 1918.
Number | Share of
of men. each.
IMR ob GC aE ae ae oe Soe SaaS sence cooadaoes ase ae tee esse se ee 13 $147. 50
Second Clase. vere tae ce esite ode tober eee Renee tech heen aoe ee Reiss = ela 7 118.00
TM nirdiclasseeeeeeeeeeee se aelcised eee eee nee eee see eee eee eee 3 95. 50
Titel bhesd elie tsishs ers, SMe Ee Ee Te ee enema ge seo co soc oog ose Tiere sdaesoe 3 81.00
Rifthelass: score. sere eae eet che eee Recta. chek Lao aeeeee sea etan dasa E eres 3) 66.00
UW a re led MSC et eee ie Oe oe Se eS ee SS Cea ere ea oe eee 8 29M a Peer
No deductions were made for faulty skinning, but four men were
demoted to a lower class because of improper work. Two foremen
were paid a total of $100 and three boys were allowed $10 each. The
payments made to 32 St. George natives aggregated $3,600, the total
sum placed to Mr. Proctor’s credit.
CENSUS.
It is the policy of the Bureau to take an annual census of the
native inhabitants of the Pribilof Islands and publish the full records
from time to time. The census in 1918, a recapitulation of which is
given below, was taken as of March 31.
RECAPITULATION OF CENSUS OF NATIVES.
St. Paul Island:
Resident population Mar. 31, 1917 .........----...------ 0-22 e ees eescnes 193
Births during year ending Mar. 31, 1918............---.--------2---+«-- 12
205
Arrivals during year (from St. George Island). .......-.--.-------------- 3
Arrivals during year (from Unalaska)..........-----------------2e-200s- 1
209
Deaths during Year:. 2. ss .. ss soso nece eens acre cree’ yen - Woe meee 3
206
Departures during year (to St. George Island).......---.--------++-++-+-+ 2
204
Departures during year (to Chemawa, Oreg.)..----------------++-++-++--- 5
Total native resident population Mar. 31, 1918..........-..-------- 199
Natives at Salem Indian Training School at Chemawa, Oreg.-.-.....--.-- 12
Total natives accredited.:.2.-..-..sseses+-+-+2- >= Paweeee- See eee 211
St. George Island:
Resident population Mar. 31, 1917........-----2------+----2222 seer eee 123
Births during year ending Mar. 31, 1918.......-..--------------+--++++-- 6
129
Arrivals during year (from St. Paul Island). ......-.-.-----------+-++++-- 2
131
Arrivals during year (from Chemawa, Oreg.).-..-.---+++++++se2ecee seers lf
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 93
St. George Island—Continued.
Deaths Mgrine year 52 -i cet se eh sete Press's clei ora o-oo bia Sloe oh BE Sees 6
126
Departures durine year Go St-,baul Island) .20-.-......-0.2.-so0ceneneed 3
Total native resident population Mar. 31, 1918..................... 123
Native at Salem Indian Training School at Chemawa, Oreg.-........-.-- i
TOGA e Mabuve ACCECOITOG 26 osc. cabana Uhlan e simone ee Seiden Sok oe see 124
It will be noted that the total native population on both islands
on March 31, 1918, was 322 and the total accredited to the islands
was 335.
FUR-SEAL HERD.
QUOTAS FOR KILLING.
The killing of seals for commercial purposes could have begun
legally on August 25, 1917, upon the expiration of the closed season,
but it is not practicable to take skins at that time of year. Later,
after October 20, when the stagy period is over, a large number could
not be secured because the annualsouthward migration was then well
advanced. Therefore commercial operations opened in reality in
1918.
The establishment of the number and age of animals to be killed is
placed by law in the hands of the Secretary of Commerce. Thus on
April 11, 1918, the following telegraphic instructions were issued to
the island agents:
Secretary directs killing present year twenty-five thousand male seals three years
old and upwards. Twenty thousand St. Paul and five thousand St. George. Make
every practicable effort complete commercial killing by August tenth. Kill as many
large seals as practicable, keeping in mind number which census report shows should
be reserved each age class. Law requires reservation five thousand selected three-
year-olds, which reservation should be made in ratio five St. Paul and one St. George.
If conditions warrant, Department will instruct kill ten thousand additional seals.
Therefore, keep Bureau fully informed regarding conditions bearing on availability
seals and ability islands take increased number skins.
__Upon the receipt subsequently of favorable reports from the
islands, on July 18 the quota was definitely fixed at 28,000 for St.
Paul Island and 7,000 for St. George Island. The St. George quota
was secured by August 10, and on October 14, it was increased to
7,700 in order to provide food for the natives. It is not expected
that the ratio of one on St. George to four on St. Paul can be main-
tained indefinitely because the history of the herd and census reports
show that this is not the actual proportion of the animals resorting
to each island.
KILLINGS OF SEALS.
St. Paul Island.—During the calendar year 1918, there were killed
on St. Paul Island 27,503 seals. These were handled in 76 separate
drives beginning on January 14 and ending on December 12.
St. George Island.—During the corresponding period 7,387 seals
were killed on St. George Island. These were handled in 43 drives,
beginning on June 3 and ending on November 19.
160695°—20—23
94
ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Thus there were killed on the Pribilof Islands a total of 34,890
seals, the largest number secured in any one year since 1889. The
details of the “killings are shown in the following tables:
RecorD or SEAL Kiniines on St. Paun Isuanp In 1918.
Serial fa ‘Serial :
: Skins 3 Skins
Date. aS Hauling ground. secured.|| Date eee Hauling ground. secured.
Jan. 14 1 Sue (Sea Lion Rock). 27 19 40: |"Zapadnivss 25: Jose eee 566
Mar. 7 Di eed Obese * tosses usecase Ss 139 20 Aq’ | (Reet. c--ccecscc eee 409
May 6 Susan ei sede ee. 32 164 23 42 cen oe dobs tise. dees reeeee 482
25 4|N cttibast Polntieeees ee 358 24 435 LoIstol.. 5. s<aeeeeeeoene 204
June 1 By MRGISGONS seme nee meee eee 91 24 44 | Lukanin and Kitovi..... 138
4 6) Zapadnice eee eee ose en 320 25 45 | Northeast Point......... 1,047
6 Zi Northeast onteeesensae 163 26 AG: | (PoOlovind ce < oeseeeeeee es 253
7 Bl Reoee GOs aS ees eae 533 27 ef. 706
8 9} Polovina....ccccewsscscee 243 29 371
10 10 670 30 222
12 11 289 30 151
14 12 545 31 566
15 13) | DolstOlee ees ee eeerenaee 424 |} Aug. 1 368
15 14 | Northeast Point -....--- 139 2 183
21 15 eel. 225. 5-3 sseeesa- 267 3 Lite
22 16). 4dov esas. 1,039 5 213
24 17 iparicane Point.. 1,062 5 100
25 TSi ce CLOVE AG eaters see Ps 513 6 644
26 19 | Zapadni.... 38 796 8 94
27 203) Gorbatehacssce--csse sa 331 8 198
28 21 coer Me Lier agesceaeeee 465 10 80
29 22 | ARCOMs encase mec sale ctecese 1,276 26 20
July 1 23 Nortiaact Pombo es 1,037 || Sept. 14 21
2 2Aa POlOVINae ae cates - cs s-hee 350 || Oct. 1 18
3 Pri Aapad Mie ese enon oe 292 12 17
4 26 || (Gorbatehieceeecece ss 4-2 349 16 24
5 27 | Molstorsesacscessccer cee 285 23 123
6 28 i OCI =< soe te semua 974 28 7
8 29 | Zapadni........-...----. 781 30 36
9 30 | Tolstoi, Lukanin, and 30 11
Kitovizs: 32.2 bee 362 || Nov. 2 13
10 BI ReGist<c sac cec ene aaee ees 545 5 24
11 32 |) Gorbatchtaases seeeesne ne 746 9 63
13 33 | Northeast Point ......... 1, 052 11 Zonet: S-vetes eee 41
15 347 (iZapedD psc eceen one cece 648 23 eso GOs et sh ese 7
-16 35 | Reel... casa ceeces sees 653 29 sy) (SA dG. sa Uae eee 57
17 30 | LOIstOleen sence mec teense 351 || Dec. 5 76 | Northeast Point.......... 7
17 37 | Lukanin and Kitovi..... 83 |______——
18 BS PROlOVINE precwumee caeons fe 255 Total «0s sienenias ess dscewmnoao seen 27, 503
18 39] LOIStOl.. aco ee centcninwcc 157
Recorp or Seat Kinuines on St. GEORGE ISLAND IN 1918.
Serial Skins Serial : Skins
Date. | num- Hauling ground. secured. Date. neu: Hauling ground. secured.
ber. er.
June 3 Te WIN OND Hee etc. foes 43 10 24 JUNOLth ssc. dae cakes oes 348
5 2 Shae ce sere eee eee 163 18 2a) # seme G0. wed a tewassocte ree 207 |
9 3 | Staraya Ryle oan ean 91 20 265) "MaStecoasccseeceseoener 287
10 4 WNOFMepencctces cece esas 62 22 27 Eee eNynl Base eer 212
il Pp Mae se esacacdacsocaocs] 77 23 28) WAS ser c\ccinsneee semaine 174
14 Gul PAS pROn onsen etereerlat ior 36 25 29 Zapadni no classes Cee eee 151
15 7 | Staraya Artil............ 95 26 30 | Staraya Artil............ 144
15 8 Onthececee cores 183 26 SL INovth= cee sone eeeeee 158
17 Ob aSteoeiecoe dcteccttnisea 244 29 2) | MUBStes sseceacesee serene 385
19 10) | DROITS << cetteacie pun =i 50 31 308] INOEUN ser «occ ob eae a oe 206
20 11 | Staraya Artil............ 131 31 34 | Staraya Artil. 225. be 22- 156
21 12 NOUR oe. cee es cee cee 125 |} Aug. 5 Sbig | MEAS. on ceicemate bee 206
23 Ti) POG RSs eeeee adeel 346 9 BO! PNOKUUoktece eenemceaeem mcr 83
25 14 | Staraya Artil.....:.....- 192 || Oct. 21 Ci fa eae GIN s BSE eOUeCt hee ce 48
26 Lil MIN ODUH: Siacenc cen eca case 268 25 35 | UBSU ee certs c's siccmee see 66
27 AGA) ast: 24 SES. pater scones 300 || Nov. 1 OO | UNOFGHMS bac ee catheenee 72
30 7 Storaye AGH 2 d= capt 178 2 40.,|, Zapadnl. 2. oe. ss. rem tee 16
July 1 TST PNOLUM cencee ost nasemser 191 ii} 41 SHashee. cc secncee cee ces 74
3 1G) oC eee ae S| 611 14 42 | North: .cetsaas. fees eee 49
5 20 aenae Art lese once 100 19 43 | Staraya Artil............ 62
5 PN OlUME scien elsivicecic sees 5 220
Pine) a ee Bx: 416 Motel... seuentant chee eee 7,387
9 23 | Staraya Artil............ 161
PLATE IX.
U. S. B. F.—Doc. 872.
“AUYNS NI GNV SYOHS NO S1V3S and
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 95
BRANDED SEALS AND AGE STANDARDS.
In 1912, through the initiative of George A. Clark, 5,228 fur-seal
pups were branded with an inverted T on the top of the head. Of
these, 1,944 were males, 1,796 were females, and the sex was not
recorded for 1,488. It may be supposed that half, or 744, of the
latter were males, because the births of the sexes are generally
believed to be equal. This would make the total number of males
branded in that year 2,688. These animals have been reappearing
upon the hauling grounds every year and much valuable information
has been secured from them on the growth of fur seals. Some have
been killed each year and the records secured have been published
in this and corresponding reports for previous years. On the islands
it has been the practice to record the length of the body, the gross
weight after sticking, and the weight of the skin before salting.
Each skin has been tagged, and after arrival at St. Louis the trade
classification has been ascertained by experts in this work.
In 1918 these seals were 6 years old. On St. Paul 23 were killed
and on St. George 14, a total of 37. All were secured before the close
of the sealing season on August 10, none being taken during the fall
season. The records of these 37 branded seals are shown in the
following table:
Recorps or BRANDED 6-YEAR-OLD Mate Fur Seats KILLED ON THE PRIBILOF
IsLanps DuRING THE CALENDAR YEAR 1918.
Serial A
Date of Carcass | Carcass Green-skin : F
abe af killing. Island. weight.a| length. weight. Trade classification.b
Pounds. | Inches. | Pounds. | Ounces.
AP 6456 | Mar. 7,1918 | St. Paul....... 115 54.75 16 4 | Extra extra large.
OSseneds as 175 63. 00 20 12 | Wig.
Quem meas 172 61.75 20 6 | Extra extra large.
Gosttizt 4 155 58. 50 16 Do.
Oveesacex 158 61.50 Do.
Onsaaoes ce 144 57.00 Do.
dol. 170.50 | 60.25 Do.
GO2s<222 222 254 66. 50 Vig.
OSsysteves 157 58. 00 Extra extra large
Cs (a sees 149 59.75 Do.
ON cere 141 57.00 Do.
dost 22=. 170 63. 25 Wig.
Obsenecoee 198 64. 00 Do.
(0 (a 175 62.00 Do.
GOssseen a! 197 63. 50 Do.
(i (See See 185 GIEOOL |? t°D1s). oS chess tht eee costs eeeeee ,
dows fee? 174 63.50 8 | Wig.
= | 154 58.00 Extra extra large.
Omen acme 112 56.25 Do.
dowren = 52 166 60. 00 Do.
Goeessceee. 132 58.75 Do.
peers Ee doe 5... 198 65.00 Wig.
6 ie oo) ARO 138 59. 50 Do.
guna) 10s19IS Vou. George. 22. |-- ~~. [oc on one Wig.
G 6000 | June 12,1918 ]..... do-se 6: 151 59. 00 Do.
G 6001 | June 15,1918 }..... Cotes sste% 158.75 | 58.75 Do.
G 6002 |... 6 (eee ie |e oe dG es 182.25 | 60.75 Do.
G 6003 | June 17,1918 |..... doxt 205: 171.25 | 62.00 Do.
G 6004 | June 21,1918 ]..... Cleans es 126 57.50 Do.
G 6005 | June 26,1918 |..... Goss. 318 64. 50 Do.
G 6006 |..... (ae eae oe do e532 235 60. 00 Do.
G 6007 | July 1,1918 ]..... (3 Uo yep ea 264.50 | 63.25 Do,
G 6008 |..... (nae 022% 2: 177 60. 50 Do.
G 6009 |..... cee Ce ee 155 58. 00 Extra extra large.
G 6010 | July 5,1918 }..... Gok ES So! 275 69.75 ig.
GiGoL ee Oe sase te lowaOOnstecs ts: 200 61.75 Do.
G 6012 | July 31,1918 |..... Chih Sei 117 57.00 Extra extra large.
ee
a Seals were bled before being weighed.
b For new trade classification names, see table, p. 98,
96 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
The records of these branded seals are of very great importance,
because they show the range of variation in the size of each age class.
There has not been found any single external characteristic which
can be relied upon absolutely for the differentiation of one age from
that above or below it. e weighing of theskin is very unreliable
as an indication of age, as the weight varies according to the condition
of each animal and the manner in which the skin is removed from
the carcass. The weight of animals in any class is likewise subject
to great variation, depending entirely upon their physical condition
when killed. The length of the body from the tip of the nose to the
base of the tail also varies; there is an overlapping in this respect of
any three consecutive age classes. A sufficient number of the
branded animals of each age up to 6 years have been killed, how-
ever, to show the extremes of length of the majority of each class.
It is reasonable to assume that the remainder of iis herd is subject
to the same variations as the branded animals, so that when these
points separating the several ages are found for the latter they can
be ee standards for the classification of all animals which may
be killed.
Owing to the fact that the seals obtain a considerable part of their
growth during the summer season, the lengths in summer are not
applicable to animals which may be killed in the fall; the number of
branded animals, however, which have been killed in the fall is not
sufficient to make the results of computations based on them entirely
satisfactory. Such information as there is leads to the belief that
the addition of 2 inches to the maximum and minimum lengths as
found for summer seals is sufficiently accurate for the segregation of
those taken in the fall. The fall killings are small anyway, being
made largely in order to provide food for the natives for winter, and
are insignificant In comparison with the total number killed.
The following table chow the measurements which will be used
in making the age classification of all seals killed in 1919:
AGE STANDARDS OF Bopy LenetuHs oF Fur SEALS.
Lengths of Lengths of
Age. summer seals. fall seals.
Inches. + Inches.
WiOATHNGe. tose eas ase ee on eee Pe Sel eS We eee ac Weise seeeee Up to 36.75 Up to 38.75
2-V@ar-OldS! coe 2 )-- ete nee Tee SR ee ak, Ue ate Sakl Wieiedy I sah 37 to 40.75 39 to 42.75
3-year-olds.....-.. bee hic Sie te MO mR ee ane are Acore eras cS em aoe 41 to 45.75 43 to 47.75
A-YVORD-OlUS S21. 02 ae al faces trees pene c ie Reine a Coe eae eee rcce ee 46 to 51.75 48 to 53.75
5-year-olds. ...- Sep Ee a eee lee eel te SEs aol ao eee ae aS He ee Beds = sci 52 to 57.75 54 to 59.75
6-year-oldse: <2... aa5-t Po pede cic ee SE MES SO ee emesis paws 58 to 63.75 60 to 65.75
AGE CLASSIFICATION OF SEALS KILLED.
Whenever seals are killed on the Pribilof Islands the lengths are
taken by means of a pair of beam calipers. These records enable the
age classification by comparison with the standards derived from the
measurements of branded animals of known age. This work is highly
important because it enables for the first time the securing of definite
information regarding the number of animals in a particular age class,
and any required reserves can thus be determined with accuracy.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 97
In order to complete the record of seals killed on the Pribilof Islands
in the calendar year 1917, the following table is presented to supple-
ment the information contained in the table on page 118 of the report
of Alaska Fisheries and Fur Industries in 1917, which contained infor-
mation only as to the ages of seals taken in the summer sealing season
of 1917:
Aqaus or Seats KitLED ON THE Pripitor IsLANDS FROM AuG. 10 To Dec. 31, 1917.4
Age. St. Paul. | St. George. Total.
SGHEMN PSs a ata cren nat cota case ceric coc ans te ses ecard At Recast Sacer cce 1
Bete GREET hp yak ee Rae ede epee ene Sol perms aire Aa 161 18 179
EVORIROLOS SIs Ste sete rece wae St Oe Shoe ae TEE ea ik arenas tale Sra igjcinie 712 495 1,207
4-year-olds... 4 261 135 396
HeVORr-OldSay ise e sia 5 hoot SON eee 30
Unmeasured , : tL al ee ee Le 1
TROLLS Sy aR FUE RADE OPIS Th DE ee on OTe 1, 166 648 | 1,814
a The few cows which were killed accidentally are classified in the tables along with the males in order to
make the record complete. The final result arrived at is not appreciably affected thereby.
The ages of all seals killed in the calendar year 1918 have been com-
puted as follows:
Aqaers or SEALS KILLED ON THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS IN THE CALENDAR YEAR 1918.4
Summer, 1918. Fall, 1918.
Grand
Age. total
St. Paul. | St.George.| Total. St. Paul. | St.George.) Total.
MWearlines- 2.5.8. oss 12 1 13 3a ee eee 2 15
O-VGRl-OldSsacee. saan aches 198 53 251 13 il 14 265
S-yeat-olds2. 22.2228. 12,706 3,748 16, 454 239 313 552 17,006
4-yeat-olds...-.....--...- 9, 468 1,718 11, 186 199 30 229 11,415
S-year-oldsose et hPL e SS: 3,528 766 4,294 123 25 148 4,442
6-year-olds!.. 2-225. 525< 702 326 1,028 38 15 53 1,081
7-year-olds............... 259 388 647 8 3 11 658
Unilassified!== >. 5=22555- RN. Sucre Rol pote tac atoicte'| sicareleine excteial le dee rwinge ae 8
ota es. So 26, 881 7,000 33, 881 622 387 1,009 34, 890
a The few cows which were killed accidentally are classified in the tables along with the males in order
to make the record complete. The final result arrived at is not appreciably affected thereby. Seep.119
for details regarding the cows.
CLASSIFICATION OF SEALSKINS FOR THE TRADE,
The names which have in the past been applied to the various sizes
of sealskins were arbitrarily chosen and bore no relation whatever to
the age of the animal. They conflicted with the terminology which
has come to be recognized throughout the world in its application to
the living animals. Thus under the old trade names the word “pups”’
entered into four designations which might include animals from 1
to 4 years old, inclusive, but which never referred to those to which
the term “‘pups”’ is properly applicable. The young of the year in
which born have always been Biewn by this name, but their skins
have never been on the market.
In order to do away with this anomalous condition and prevent con-
fusion in the minds of the uninformed, a new set of names was adopted
98 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
in 1918 for the several sizes of skins which bear no age relation to the
animals at all. The sizes of the grades were not changed. The fol-
lowing table shows the equivalents.
TRADE CLASSIFICATION OF SEALSKINS.
Old names. New names. Lengths.
Inches.
Wiss. SoBe ica enecs Satanic scsasbee seis totasaneses yi Above 55
LOGlin gs eee ee ces cece ee eacece eee eee
Middlings and smalls 49 to 55
Smalls as 46 to 48
Large pups Rook Feats aass Be 43 to 45
Middling pups. Baas mae i 2 nee Ss 39 to 42
Small pups els =Ee = He 35 to 38
This terminology was used in the two public-auction sales at
St. Louis in 1918 and was accepted by the trade without confusion.
CENSUS.
A census of the seal herd was taken in 1918 at the usual time by
employees of the Bureau. An increase of the number of cows
slightly greater than the normal which has prevailed for several years
is encouraging. Slight differences in methods of computation have
been instituted as the knowledge of death rates and other factors
have required. Complete information on this subject is given in the
report by G. Dallas Hstivia published herewith.
Following is astatement showing the numerical strength of the herd
in 1918 as compared with the six preceding years:
GENERAL COMPARISON OF RECENT CENSUSES OF THE SEAL HERD.
Class of seals. 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918
Harembulls:.so.ceeseceseeesccceseeeece 1,358 1, 403 1,559 2,151 3,500 4,850 5,344
Breeding COWS. «sci nee aodasestees sees 81,984 | 92,269 | 93,250 | 103,527 | 116,977 | 128,024 | 142,915
Surplusibulls 2... 229-6 acces qoteeele ioe sme | Sows ee aera ee leeeee = elas eee 8,977 | 17,110
Adleibulls2. esse ek ose eee ene eeeeee 113 105 172 673 2,632 2,706 2,444
Young bulls (chiefly 5-year-olds)........ 199 259 15 GDB) | eisie'bis oo 5|Giaisinia's'nso| sete eee leeememee
6-year-oldmales 5 .uasen cmc oaiee wae ord| Sewssen ae Seer sic cele ae seer See boocee 11/167:| 1553977} 918),765
5-year-old: males :.:2... sca-hine. sceees Aas eae eth ee: [Gee eee 11,271 | 15,494] 14,813] 11,941
4-year-old males. . : 100] 2,000} 9,939] 15,848] 15,427] 16,631] 7,114
3-year-old males... 2,000 | 10,000} 13,880] 18,282] 19,402] 19,507 9,117
2-year-old males . 11,000 | 15,000] 17,422] 23, 24,169] 26,815} 30,159
Yearling males.. 13,000 | 20,000} 23,068 | 30,307] 33,645] 38,013] 41,595
2-year-old cows... -| 11,000 | 15,000] 17,422] 23, 24,245 | 26,917] 30,415
Yearling cowa).f2- setievtesckc aut anche 13,000 | 20,000 | 23,067} 30,306 | 33,646] 38,018| 41,608
PUPS teen cee asses cee cram ateste ee recite ste 81,984 | 92,269} 93,250 | 103,527 | 116,977 | 128,024 | 142,915
Oba sec to5 actaccs tee eee 215,738 | 268,305 | 294,687 | 363,872 | 417,281 | 468,692 | 496, 432
SPECIMENS OF FUR SEALS FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES.
From time to time calls are made upon the Bureau by scientific
institutions for specimens of the Alaska fur seal for exhibition or
other purposes. There is no authority in law whereby animals may
be killed to supply this demand. A few cows and bulls and a con-
siderable number of pups are found dead on the rookeries each year,
however, and these afford a means of filling such requirements.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 99
In 1916 the California Academy of Sciences made a request for
sufficient material to enable a mounted group to be installed in its
museum in San Francisco. It was not practicable to secure sufficient
animals at the Pribilofs for this purpose untilin 1918. In all, 13 pups
and 16 older seals, a total of 29 specimens, were collected and shipped
to this institution in 1917 and 1918. The records of these animals
were made separately from the regular take of skins.
Existing law requires that all sealskins from the Pribilof Islands
shall be sold and the proceeds covered into the Treasury. In arriving
at a price to be fixed for such specimens from dead animals, considera-
tion has been taken of the fact that many of them are worthless com-
mercially and for others it would be difficult to obtain an equitable
en Therefore, the sum of $1 each was fixed as the
value of the pups and $5 each for all older animals. The institution
securing the specimens paid all charges for labor and transportation
connected therewith.
DEATH OF FUR SEALS AT AQUARIUM.
The two Alaska fur seals which have been at the Washington
aquarium of the Bureau since the summer of 1909 died in 1918,
the female on September 1 and the male on September 25. Autopsies
were performed by experts of the Bureau of Animal Industry and
showed the cause of the death of the female to be congestion of the
lungs, and of the male to be acute general enteritis, perhaps of bac-
terial origin.
These two seals were born at St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, in July,
1909. Shortly afterwards they were found to be waifs whose mothers
had been killed at sea by hunters, and they would have starved to
death, as so many thousands of their kind did every year, had they
not been bottle-fed during the early weeks of their existence. They
were the only Alaskan fur seals which have borne confinement more
than a year or two. Several lots brought to the States as pups and
distributed to aquaria and zoological gardens succumbed in a short
time. An interesting fact is that whereas in nature fur seals never
enter fresh water, these particular individuals had never been in
salt water.
FOXES.
SEASON OF 1917-18.
Only one species of fox is found on the Pribilofs, Vulpes pribilof-
ensis Merriam. It appears in both the blue and white color phases,
with the former predominating. In fact, through the system of cap-
ture employed on St. George Island since 1897, the proportion of
white foxes has been reduced to a negligible factor. On St. Paul
approximately 25 per cent of the skins secured are white. Pribilof
Island blue foxes have long been considered the best which reach
the markets. Although there is a small percentage of poorer grades,
as would be expected among so large a number, in the main the fur
is long, dark, and silky.
The method of feeding and trapping established on St. George
Island in 1897 by James Judge has been highly successful. The
Bureau plans to take active steps to establish it in the near future
on St. Paul Island.
100 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
St. George Island.—The following extract from the report of Agent
A. H. Proctor on foxing operations on St. George Island for the
season 1917-18 was written on October 31, 1918, and gives interesting
details of the work.
The presence of the U.S. F. 8. Roosevelt at the islands discharging cargo delayed
trapping operations until the night of December 19, 1917. The Roosevelt made her
final departure December 17, and two nights later trapping for skins began, and con-
tinued at suitable intervals until the night of February 8, 1918, when operations were
suspended for the season. The trap at the village was operated, in all, 24 nights,
that at Zapadni 11 nights, and string traps were used in the village proper three
afternoons, Trapping at the village trap and at Zapadni was concurrent.
As noted in the accompanying record, two mangy males whose bodies were entirely
denuded of hair or fur were shot in the village, and as their skins were worthless they
were publicly burned. These animals were killed to prevent them from spreading
the mange.
During the trapping season there were killed for skins 320 blue males and 279 blue
females, 2 white males, and 3 white females; a total of 604 skins. To that total were
added the skins of three blue males which were found dead, bringing the total number
of skins for shipment to 607. The entire shipment was forwarded on the Roosevelt
June 21, 1918.
Including the 3 found dead, 1,017 foxes were handled during the season. Of that
number 200 males and 208 females were branded and released for breeders. Following
the established practice, all animals unfit for breeders that entered the trap were
killed, but in order to produce present revenue, and for the better reason that the
herd could well afford it, a proper percentage of animals bearing a higher grade of
pelt were also killed.
The breeders, 200 blue males and 208 blue females, consisted of the finest speci-
mens that passed through the trap, and considered as a whole they were very high
grade in every respect. Those released for breeders received a, mark that identified
them and secured them immunity from killing at a later period in the season. Males
were branded or marked by clipping a broad ring from the fur near the end of the
tail; females were similarly marked, but the band was clipped near the base of the
tail. These marks remained until the coat was shed the following summer. No
male that weighed less than 104 pounds nor a female that weighed less than 74 pounds
were reserved for breeding. All were in such fine condition that none were released
that even approximated those weights.
The season of 1917-18 was in every respect the most successful one for 25 years.
The most recent season that approaches it was that of 1905-6, when 1,062 foxes were
handled, but in that year only 481 were killed. In point of number of skins secured
the past season was exceeded only by that of 1892-93, when 928 skins were secured.
The large take of 1917-18 followed immediately after the large catch of the previous
season, and clearly demonstrates the wonderful increase that has taken place within
the past few years. This is further demonstrated by the ease with which the catch
was secured, as is shown by the accompanying record.
After the close of trapping operations reliable persons report having seen large
numbers of unbranded foxes at large at various points on the island, and many were
also observed in the vicinity of the village and at the feeding ground. No reliable
estimate can be made of the number of foxes alive at the close of trapping, but it is
more than safe to say that the 200 pairs released for breeders represented far less than
one-half of the number. The presence of unbranded foxes after the close of trapping
operations shows conclusively that all do not resort to the village to feed, at least
during the hours when the trap is in operation. This is, of course, not true of them
all, as some branded animals have been seen at the most remote points. Zapadni
appears to have a colony that rarely visits the village, and the same appears to be
true of Garden Cove. Recognizing that, it has been customary to preserve food at
Zapadni for winter’s use, and this season 200 seal carcasses were preserved there, and
at this writing something less than one-half of it has been consumed.
The first night of trapping invariably is the best, and the number then handled ~
may be accepted as a good indication (weather conditions remaining favorable) of
what the final take may be. On the first night of 1917-18 we killed 197 foxes, and then
had to suspend operations early and while they were coming to the trap in increasing
numbers, because our shoproom was too small to permit us to stretch and dry a greater
number. The same lack of shoproom made it impracticable for us to resume. trapping
before December 27, eight days after the first night. On the second night we killed
133. These two nights, it is believed, exceed any similar record since the present
trapping method was established in 1897,
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 101
During the remainder of the season foxes gathered about the trap in large numbers
nightly, but many had become trap-shy and could not be induced to enter in any-
thing approximating the number taken during the first two nights. Contrary to the
writer’s previous experience, not one night was a failure. The nearest to a failure
was the night of January 11, when only one fox was caught, and this is accounted for
by the fact that during all that day and up to within two hours of opening the trap
a gasoline engine was in operation within 100 feet of the trap, and it is certain that
the noise and odor of the engine kept foxes away until very late at night. That night
an unusually large amount of food was placed outside the trap after the latter was
closed, and by morning it was entirely consumed, thus showing that a large number
had fed there later in the night. After that experience bone grinding was postponed
until after fox trapping closed for the season.
From early in May until about September 15 foxes find abundant food on the cliffs
and in the rocks where the birds nest thickly. The bird migration is practically over
by September 15 and by that date the foxes seek food elsewhere. The beaches furnish
a limited amount under ordinary conditions and at rare intervals a whale or sea lion
is washed up, but such food supplies at that season can not be depended upon and in
consequence preserved food must be supplied. Feeding at the trap began September
15 ar was continued until May 8 anil least auklets (choochkies) and other birds
appeared in sufficient numbers to provide a food supply more to their taste, when the
foxes ceased to visit the village feeding ground.
For more than 20 years food has been the one great and constant problem in fox
propagation on this island. Previous to that time the large number of seals killed
annually and left on the killing fields provided a supply ample to sustain a very large
fox herd. As seal killings diminished, fox life decreased. In 1897 Assistant Agent
James Judge began preserving seal carcasses in an abandoned silo. These carcasses
were taken out, freshened, and fed during the winter. This experiment met with
such success that it has been followed ever since. But fora number of years sufficient
seal carcasses were not available and the food supply was to some extent added to by
the purchase of salted salmon and other fish and on one occasion whale meat.
During the summer of 1917 the viscera and other waste portions of seals were pre-
served in the silo, and that together with a portion of the meat from the large number
of seals killed during the late fall furnished the largest supply of food for a number of
years and enabled the herd to secure an ample amount of nourishing food throughout
the winter and spring. Asa result the females were strong and brought a larger per-
centage of their young through the nursing period.
Taking 7,000 seals during the sealing season of 1918, for the first time in many years,
provided sufficient meat in excess of the natives’ requirements to enable us to preserve
a large eupply forthefoxes. Early in thesummer it wasseen that the one silo would not
suffice and work was at once begun on another. It was completed and filled before
the close of the sealing season and about 300 carcasses from the last killings of the
season had to be left on the killing field. Flesh decays slowly here and the carcasses
on 1he killing field furnished ample food for the young and old after the birds began
to leave.
Following the plan begun in 1916, a pipe-line was laid on top of the ground early in
October from the silos to the standpipe in the siphon line connecting the village with
Upper Lake. Fresh water wasrun into the silos for four weeks and the small amount
of salt sprinkled over the carcasses when they were placed in the silos was thoroughly
washed away. The meatso preserved is remarkably firm, but is very high and seems
to be relished by foxes. It is this meat that is being fed out nightly. While this
partially putrid meat furnishes their principal food supply during the winter months,
the foxes secure a varying amount from the beaches, and it is not unusual for them to
entirely desert the village feeding ground when sea food becomes abundant along
the beaches.
_ Young foxes make their first appearance about the entrance of the warrens early
in June, and this year it was seen that litters brought to that age were unusually large
and well nourished. As fall came on the inexperienced young had ample food close
at hand and they were seen feeding on the old killing field in large numbers, and by
October the three hundred odd carcasses gave evidence of their activities. The fore-
going applies particularly to the litters in and about the village, but visits to Zapadni,
Staraya Artil, Garden Cove, and the vicinity of East Rookery showed that the young
in those sections were in exceedingly fine condition and families were large.
_ In September, 1918, a pair of young foxes was secured from Sagchudak Island, an
islet near the southern shore of Atka Island of the Aleutian Group. They were secured
in exchange for a as of young foxes from the St. George herd. The transfer was
authorized by the Bureau in a telegram dated September 5, 1918, and the trade was
made with Reverend Mr. Hotovitsky, of Unalaska, who, it is believed, is engaged in
102 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
fox raising in some part of the Aleutians. The new foxes were permanently marked
by clipping the top of the right ear and slitting the left. They were kept under
treatment until the wounds healed and were then released. They immediately took
up their residence under the boardwalk leading to the radio station, where they have
since lived. They are frequently seen and are in excellent condition.
The physical and numerical strength of the herd warrants a take of skins materially
in excess of that of last year, and it is not unlikely that approximately 900 skins may
be secured. A greater number would not weaken the herd, and it is my opinion,
based upon my own observations and reliable reports from others, that a take of 1,000
would not represent the year’s increment.
Aside from the number of foxes, the weather during trapping time is a material
factor which must be considered. Cold, clear nights when the tide is high, are the
best, and on such nights good catches are to be expected.
The production of animals with the best grade of pelts is one of the objects we are
aiming at, but it is a question whether the finest pelts can be produced so long as the
herd is forced to subsist largely upon carrion. ‘The commercial value of the herd is
great enough to warrant serious consideration being given to the erection of a cold-
storage plant in which 2,000 or more seal carcasses could be preserved in a frozen state
to be fed fresh to the foxes during the winter. While sucha number of carcasses would
in itself be insufficient to subsist the herd, its prophylactic value would be great when
used to vary the diet.
From an economic point of view no better way of disposing of seal carcasses can be
found than that of converting them into food for the blue-fox herd. Many years will
pass before the number of seals killed on St. George will exceed the combined needs
of the natives and the fox herd.
The experience of last season demonstrated that the fox herd has outgrown the
limits of our present shop and that a much larger building is required for drying and
stretching the pelts unless the take of skins is to be kept within the limit of the present
small building. During the coming trapping season it is proposed to utilize the least-
finished native dwelling for drying skins, but that building will be available for the
one season only.
Recorp or Foxes TRAPPED ON St. GEORGE ISLAND, ALASKA, SEASON 1917-18.
|
Marked and
Serial Blue. White. ound released as
pum- : breeders.@
ber of} Date. Where taken.
kill-
nue: Male ee Male Ss Male. | Male. aa
1917.
merase ¢ INOVe02011| VALIA GO be scene ete Sets a ele ee Seem eee 55 cee 1 coc el eee
ee ae ase IN OW oS Gall nes 1 O axe yore Ec emnate Mone epee etal cite on | eae ere | eel cena 1 aes one
ese ae Dees 19 vallseotrap. s-cassnss ocgseces See 114 8 Gees ee tetera 3 4
QE. Deer Qialkzock GOLSMLUMGA Gite JE a eas 73 59 1 eeee ses ease | 8 ll
1918
sep ete an. 2 | Village trap 9 Ct Seas Meee nsec 6 9
Ree Janie Siile seer do 5 LOWS OSS Re IeE SS es 2 1
bs AMS, Asie Sats do 8 Bul = 22.1. eioememte ects cere 7 6
6. ete. athe Olenee oe do 16 2 (gl |S Se ee (re Bee ee Bee 12 14
iigaaoan esa ls Le ee GO ce Aer we ie one ete | eer Meee Se | Pe eee Ee eee
SA see aris, LAN Sce do 9 Qi | Sees. ee see | Se ae 1 4
eee tI es LG ioe os do 17 3 1 De ene pee See ae ee 7 9
LO seca AES 970) Baas do 20 De oRe| aseciepic lecnmeee 8 ll
AS Jane oieseee do 8 ba Seca Lileeeeece 9 9
ZS. Janja22 O22 3. do 4 3 Jlitk sao SE ee 6 14
Ieee! JAN S523) |< do 5 4 ewamas [ho eed lene eee 22 21
i ee Jab once do 2 S loaee wen ltot ce el eemoees 15 13
eae Jan, 27 | Village (Shot) 2. co cee ceceeee clas DAS SESS PSE Sag co ee eee Be ee eee
phat Sees Janie 28) iVillazéitrap..2: 255 2M te Tas 2 WANS Gero |taseuee | eseees saee ee 1
165.37 2 Jan, 20s G63 afed3ot a ance bcc are 3 CE Eres in | ey ceateeae | ltr 2 3
by RN Jan, «<30;|" Village (Shot)ist.cc. 44. sce eee ere LO men anemia enon s |e eens tee ame reran| ees
iG eis Jarl 24 Zepeda s hese ra Sel ea SS ee era ee eer | ek et a eae ere eter CyL eee
2itsees Vans 255). 2255 GOSS HES SS aR hee Ss Ves Sabe Sse) a eee) ERE es 1 1
a All blue.
b An animal entirely devoid of hair or fur was shot; skin publicly burned in shop stove.
e This animal weighed 24 pounds.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 103
Recorp or Foxes TRAPPED ON St, GEORGE ISLAND, ALASKA, SEASON 1917-18—
Continued.
Marked and
Serial Blue. | White. rod released as
num- : breeders. @
ber of | Date. Where taken. af Bai
kill- |
ing. Fe- Fe- Fe-
8 Male. | wale. | Male-| mate. | Male. | Male. | ato,
1917
Sb che Parr OGn ECAP ACUI ccm cies clciels cicSasisidececeaa|e=ecm
y Lees Gane §27F |e 5's. OSE, Fok ERR Ss
(2 Ae eal = TRS SEE oe ee ee
Gee FRE OD) | SFL e OO ee ome oor accents oe es
ayy ae tees ans ©S0s| Village traps) s--0ee estes <3
Ue AR Sb eee Deer ise cee cuemena aawamese re
ns SL} Villacel(strinm trap)sica-ascess =e o<> 022
7 Si wiapadinih ees sees os eo: oo i |
Village trap Aa 2h
Village (string trap) ......-- .
Mila eG trap ce jee coe wicca ciciaurs =~
SHOUS Sere ee. Sey Beet ea Tet
Village (string trap)..........-.--
Nallese tap ob Seat Sa Se Pe
sae ORAS a eee ae See b
aaa COs et ses ee Shoes ee
Willagéitraps -fiiearstst ox see corel oss Lees 3
Village (shot) el Setecialssesees
Village trap....... 8
Wiklse once Sn as
a All blue.
b One additional male was killed, body devoid of hair; skin publicly burned in shop stove.
St. Paul Island.—The foxes on St. Paul Island run wild and are
captured in steel traps. No selection can thus be made for a breeding
reserve and the dangers of overtrapping are obvious. For some rea-
son not adequately explained this island has never been the equal of
St. George for foxes, although it is larger, has more extensive beach
areas, and about seven times as large a seal herd.
At the present time fox life seems to be at alow ebb. In 1917-18
10 days’ trapping under excellent weather conditions and with about’
300 more traps in use than for several years previous resulted in a
catch of only 104 animals, whereas, in the winter of 1914-15 over 200
pelts were secured in this time. It is entirely possible to practically
exterminate the animals here if very close supervision is not given.
It is planned to make a thorough attempt to institute the Judge sys-
tem of feeding and selection at an early date. If it can be made a
success on St. Paul Island, the dangers of overtrapping will disap-
pear and will, it is hoped, bring the St. Paul herd to a high state of
excellence.
PAYMENTS TO NATIVES.
The natives are paid $5 from the proceeds of the sales for each fox
skin secured. Since this is in return for labor performed, no dis-
tinction is made between the white and blue pelts. The work
required is the same on each. On St. Paul Island the pelts brought
in by each native are credited to him. This plan can not be followed
on St. George Island because of the manner of taking and killing.
104 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Accordingly, a division of the total for the community is made and
each man entitled to a share is credited with his proportion. The
more skillful persons receive the largest shares. Thirty-nine natives
of St. Paul Island earned $520 for the taking of 90 blue and 14 white
foxes. After the checks were stated, Innokenty Sedick died and the
amount of $5 which was due him was equally divided between three
of his heirs. Twenty-six natives of St. George Island earned $3,035
for the taking of 602 blue and 5 white foxes.
SEASON OF 1918-19.
On St. Paul Island the extent of trapping was left to the judgment
of Agent Fassett. On December 15, 45 natives with 8 traps each,
making a total of 320 traps, began operations. The traps were left
out 5 days, or until December 19, and the result was 119 blue and
25 white pelts, a total of 144. As unusually favorable conditions
pve no further trapping was recommended by the agent.
Jpon the close of trapping, the feeding of processed seal meat from
the by-products factory was institute mick week at three different
laces.
2 On St. George Island trapping began December 16, and at the end
of the month 339 blue and 3 tite skins had been secured. During
January 202 blue skins were secured, making the total to the end of
the month 541 blue and 3 white, or 544 altogether. Since the animals
were reported mating on that date, trapping was restricted to mangy
and other animals unfit for breeders. Of these, 7 blue and 2 white
were secured in February.
Agent Proctor telegraphed that the small catch was due to the
stranding of a large whale under the high bluffs and its subsequent
breaking up and drifting to all beaches. An abundant food sup-
ply was thus provided, so that the foxes were not obliged to resort
to the station. Foxes appeared abundant and all were very fat.
Summary oF 1918-19 Fox CatcuH.
| Blue. | wate Total.
St. Paldslandesos- asa ise 2 S-. B Ee at eR ae Pee 119
25 144
SiziGeorge Tsland See oe aes aes ee oe eine aia oe ie tee eee eee eee ee 548 5 553
Mo tallensjacors Soca a eee ae weet meee Btn mat ot des wean Some we mae aniee 667 30 697
REINDEER.
The reindeer herds on St. George Island and St. Paul Island have
continued to increase very satisfactorily. The surplus males furnish
a limited amount of food, which takes the place of fresh beef to a very
large extent. It is planned that at no very distant time the islands
shall be practically self-supporting in the way of fresh meat from
this and other sources.
On St. Paul Island in the summer of 1918 there were 160 animals,
including 40 fawns. Two were killed and three others in poor
physical condition probably died, leaving a total of 155 in the herd
at the close of the calendar year.
On St. George Island there were reported 114 of all sizes at the end
of the calendar year. This brings the total up to 269 for both islands,
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 105
as compared with 154 for 1915. A total of 20 animals was used for
food on both islands during 1918.
Since the reindeer subsists during the winter upon one or two
species of lichens, which are of very slow growth and of limited distri-
bution on the Pribilofs, the Bureau plans to institute an inquiry into
the probable maximum size of herds which can be continually main-
tained on each island.
BIRDS.
During the course of several years at the Pribilof Islands, Dr.
G. Dallas Hanna has from time to time devoted considerable study to
the enormous numbers of birds in that region. As the result of his
prec aulne the following has been recently submitted by Dr.
anna:
The enormous numbers of sea birds which nest on the Pribilof Islands form one of
the most interesting spectacles to be found there. Some of the species have been
estimated in millions.
Many employees have given the subject a share of attention during their residence
there, and the islands have thus come to be better known in this respect than any
similar area in Alaska. Collections have been sent in from time to time, and almost
without exception they contained some species which attracted unusual attention.
Stragglers arrive from all directions and a considerable number of them may be ex-
pected every year. The total number of species which breed or are found regularly
in migration is only 45; but the number of stragglers has swelled the list to 129. Of
these no less than 14 represent the first records of the species having been secured in
North America. Five others were originally described from this locality.
Specimens have been collected of all except 6 of these 129 species, and of those col-
lected the U. 8. National Museum possesses specimens from the islands of all but one.
While it is impracticable at the present time for any of the Pribilof employees to
devote much time to the collection of birds, owing to the shortage of assistants, the
Bureau encourages the preservation of any specimens which may appear strange or
which possess some unusual interest.
The list which follows was originally prepared by Dr. C. W. Richmond, of the
National Museum, for use on the islands in recognizing other desirable species. It
has been added to by the present writer after completing the study of the last collec-
tion he brought from the islands. Names have been corrected and slight changes
made by Dr. H. C. Oberholser, of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
CHECK LIST OF BIRDS OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS, ALASKA, WITH THE NAMES OF
PERSONS FIRST RECORDING THE SPECIES FROM THE ISLANDS.
Colymbus holbellii. Holbeell’s Grebe. | Cepphus columba. Pigeon Guillemot.
ELLIOTT.
Colymbus auritus. Horned Grebe.
HANNA.
Gavia adamsi. Yellow-billed Loon.
TOWNSEND.
Gavia arctica. Black-throated Loon.
ELuiort.
Lundacirrhata. Tufted Puffin. Co1npe.
Fratercula corniculata. Horned Puffin.
ELuiorr.
Phaleris psittacula. Paroquet Auklet.¢
COINDE.
4ithia cristatella. Crested Auklet.¢
COINDE.
4Zithia pusilla. Least Auklet.¢ Cornpe.
Synthliboramphus antiquus. Ancient
Murrelet. Dati and BANNISTER.
Brachyramphus =marmoratus. Marbled
Murrelet. HANNA.
NELSON.
Uria troille californica. California Murre.¢
ELuiort.
Uria lomvia arra. Pallas’s Murre.a
Dati and BANNISTER.
Coprotheres pomarinus. Pomarine Jaeger.
ELiiorr.
Stercorarius parasiticus. Parasitic Jaeger.
Eviiorr.
Stercorarius _—_ longicaudus. Long-tailed
Jaeger. Enuiorr.
Rissa tridactyla pollicaris. Pacific Kitti-
wake.@ CoINnDE.
Rissa _ brevirostris. Red-legged Kitti-
wake.@ CoINDE.
Pagophila alba. Ivory Gull. Patmer.
Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus. Glaucous
Gull.¢ OBERHOLSER.
Larus hyperboreus barrovianus. PALMER.
a Species which breed regularly. The mallard and green-winged teal have also been known to nest on
St. Paul once each.
> Regular migrants.
106
Larus glaucescens. | Glaucous-winged
Gull.¢_ Extiorr.
Larus schistisagus. Slaty-backed Gull.®
PALMER.
Rhodestethia rosea. Ross’s Gull. 2 speci-
mens. EVERMANN.
Sabine’s Gull.¢
Arctic Tern.¢
Xema sabini. PALMER.
Sterna paradisxa. Pat-
MER.
Phebastria albatrus. Short-tailed Alba-
tross. ELLiorr.
Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii. Rodgers’s
Fulmar.e Dati and Bannister.
Puffinus tenuirostris. Slender-billed
Shearwater. Hanna.
Oceanodroma furcata. Forked-tail Petrel.
PALMER.
Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus. Violet-
green Cormorant.¢ Bairp, BREWER
and Ripeway.
Phalacrocorax urile. Red-faced Cor-
morant.4 Compe.
Mergus americanus. Merganser. Datu.
Mergus serrator. Red-breasted Merganser.
EVERMANN.
Anas platyrhyncha. Mallard.¢ Exuiorr.
Chaulelasmus streperus. Gadwall. Evrr-
MANN.
Mareca penelope.
ELLiorr.
Eunetta
Hanna.
Nettion crecca. European Teal. Hanna.
Nettion carolinense. Green-winged Teal.¢
European Widgeon.@
falcata. Falcated Teal.¢@
PALMER.
Spatula clypeata. Shoveller. Ever-
MANN.
Dafila acuta. Pintail.¢ EverMann.
Aristonetta valisineria. Canvas - back.
HANNA.
Marila fuligula. Tufted Duck.¢ Ever-
MANN.
Marila ferina. Pochard. EVERMANN.
Marila marila. Scaup Duck. Ever-
MANN.
Clangula clangula clangula.4 European
Golden-eye. HAnna.
Clangula clangula americana. Golden-
eye. Hanna.
Charitonetta albeola. Buffle- head.
HANNA.
Harelda hyemalis. Old-squaw.@ Ex.iorr.
EMistrionicus histrionicus pacificus. Pacific
Harlequin Duck.¢ Exuiorr.
Polysticta stelleri. Steller’s ider.¢
ELLiorr.
Arctonetta fischeri. Spectacled Eider.
HANNA.
Somateria v-nigra. Pacific Eider.¢
PALMER.
Erionetta spectabilis. King LEider.¢
EVERMANN.
ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Melanitta deglandi dixoni. Pacific White-
winged Scoter.¢ Hanna.
Chen hyperborea hyperborea. Snow Goose.
HANNA.
Anser albifronsalbi frons. White-fronted
Goose. PALMER.
Branta canadensis hutchinsii. Hutchins’s
Goose. HANNA.
Branta canadensis minima. Cackling
Goose.¢,€ E.iorr.
Branta nigricans. Black Brant. Hanna.
Philacte canagica. Emperor Goose.¢
ELLiorr.
Olor. columbianus. Whistling Swan.
PALMER.
Grus canadensis canadensis. Little Brown
Crane.6 TowNsEND.
Phalaropus fulicarius. Red Phalarope.¢
Exiorr.
Lobipes lobatus.
ELuiotr.
Arquatella maritima couest.
Sandpiper. SEALE
Arquatella maritima ptilocnemis. Pribilof
Sandpiper.¢,¢ Dati and BaNNISTER.
Pisobia maculata. Pectoral Sandpiper. ¢
PALMER. ;
Pisobia acuminata. Sharp-tailed Sand-
piper.¢ BrsHop.
Northern Phalarope.@
Aleutian
Pisobia bairdii. Baird’s Sandpiper.
HANNA.
Pisobia minutilla minutilla. Least Sand-
piper. Hanna.
Pisobia subminuta. Long-toed Stint.¢
Ripeway.
Pelidna alpina sakhalina. Red-backed
Sandpiper. BisHop.
Ereunetes pusillus. Semipalmated Sand-
piper. PALMER.
Vetola lapponica baueri. Pacific Godwit. ¢
ELLiortT.
Totanus flavipes. Yellow-legs. PALMER.
Totanus melanoleucus. Greater Yellow-
legs.f SEALE.
Rhyacophilus glareola. Wood Sandpiper.
HANNA.
Heteroscelus incanus.
tler.¢ Exziorr.
Heteroscelus brevipes.
tler.¢ Hanna.
Philomachus pugnax. Ruff. EvERMANN.
Phxopus hudsonicus. Hudsonian Cur-
lew.o PaMeER.
Wandering Tat-
Polynesian Tat-
Phxopus borealis. Eskimo Curlew.
ELLIorr. ‘
Phzxopus tahitiensis. Bristle-thighed
Curlew. Hanna.
Pluvialis dominica fulva. Pacific Golden
Plover.¢,@ CornpE.
Charadrius semipalmatus. Semipalmated
Plover. PALMER.
a Species which breed regularly. The mallard and green-winged teal have also been known to nest
on St. Paul once each.
b Species which have been recorded but of which no specimens have apparently been collected.
¢ Regular migrants.
4 Species from the Pribilof Islands which constitute the first records for North America.
¢ Species originally described from the Pribilof Islands.
J A specimen has been collected but it is not in the National Museum.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.
Arenaria interpres inter pres. Turnstone.¢
COINDE.
Hxmatopus bachmani. Black Oyster-
catcher. Hanna.
Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis.
Rough-legged Hawk. Hanna.
Thallasoaétus pelagicus. Kamchatkan
Sea Eagle.6 Hanna.
Halixetus teucocephalus alascanus.
Northern Bald Eagle.¢ Pautmer.
Hierofalco rusticolus candicans. Gyrfal-
con.@ Euiort.
Rhynchodon peregrinus anatum. Duck
Hawk.¢ PALMER.
Rhynchodon_ peregrinus’ pealet.
Falcon. Hanna.
Asio flammeus flammeus.
Owl. PALMER.
Cry pesaioin funerea funerea. Tengmalm’s
Owl.6 EverMANN.
Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni. Richard-
son’s Owl. EVERMANN.
Nyctea nyctea. Snowy Owl.2 Patmer.
Cuculus canorus telephonus. Kamchat-
kan Cuckoo.® Paumer.
Colaptes auratus luteus.
Flicker. CuarK.
Euphagus carolinus. Rusty Blackbird.
EVERMANN.
Coccothraustes coccothraustes japonicus.
Japanese Hawfinch.6 EverMAnn.
Pinwola enucleator kamtschatkensis.
Kamchatkan Pine Grosbeak. Riney.
Leucosticte tephrocotis griseonucha.
Aleutian Rosy Finch.@ Dat and
BANNISTER.
Acanthis hornemannii
Redpoll. Hanna.
Acanthis linaria linaria. Redpoll.@ Ex-
LIOTT.
Spinus pinus pinus. Pine Siskin.
HANNA.
Peale’s
Short-eared
Northern
exilipes. Hoary
107
Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis. Snowflake.
EVERMANN.
Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi. Pribilof
Snowflake.¢,¢ Dart and BANNISTER.
Plectrophenax hyperboreus. McKay’s
Snowflake. Hanna.
Calcarius lapponicus alascensis. Alaska
Longspur.¢,¢ Eutorr.
Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis.
Aleutian Savannah Sparrow. PALMER.
Zonotrichia gambeli. Gambel’s Sparrow.
EVERMANN.
Junco hyemalis hyemalis. Slate-colored
Junco. Hanna.
Melospiza melodia sanaka. Aleutian Song
Sparrow. Hanna.
Passerella iliaca sinuosa. Valdez. Fox
Sparrow. EvERMANN.
Fringilla montifringilla.
Brambling. ®
HANNA.
Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons. — Cliff
Swallow. Hanna.
Hirundo rustica erythrogastris. Barn
Swallow.¢ Patmer.
Tachycineta thalassina lepida. Northern
Violet-green Swallow. Hanna.
Wilsonia pusilla pileolata. Pileolated
Warbler. Hanna.
Anthus spinoletta rubescens. Pipit.¢@
PALMER.
Anthus spinoletta japonicus. Japanese
Pipit.6 Hanna.
Nannus alascensis. Alaska Wren. @, ¢
Dat and BANNISTER.
Aylocichla aliciw alicie. Gray-cheeked
hrush. Hanna.
Planesticus =migratorius _migratorius.
Robin. Euiort.
CGinanthe enanthe enanthe. §Wheatear.
SEALE.
DOGS PROHIBITED.
An order issued by the Secretary of Commerce on January 17, 1917,
excludes all dogs from the Pribilof Islands.
any
as follows:
ossible disturbance of the fur seals and foxes.
This was to prevent
The order reads
In order to prevent molestation of the fur-seal and fox herds, the landing of any
dogs at the Pribilof Islands is hereby prohibited.
now on the Pribilof Islands must be removed not later than July 1, 1917.
It is directed that any and all dogs
Officials
in charge of St. Paul and St. George Islands will enforce this order.
RADIO
STATIONS.
The Navy Department continued the maintenance of radio stations
on St. Pa
and St. George Islands.
value to the Bureau in the conduct of its operations.
not end with the official transmission of messages.
These have been of inestimable
The value does
Through the coop-
eration of the local representatives of both departments a great deal
a Regular migrants.
b Species from the Pribilof Islands which constitute the first records for North America.
¢ Species which have been recorded but of which no specimens have apparently been collected.
d Species which breed regularly. The mallard and green-winged teal have also been known to nest on
St. Paul once each.
¢ Species originally described, from the Pribilof Islands.
108 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
is accomplished which otherwise would be impossible. The men at
the radio stations ordinarily are skilled in mechanical and electrical
work, and especially in the upkeep of gasoline engines. Accordingly
they have given much valuable assistance and advice.
Through the cooperation of employees of the radio station on St.
Paul Island it was possible to saath the electric lights in the Goy-
ernment buildings as mentioned elsewhere in this report.
The Navy Department sent the U.S. S. Saturn to the islands in
May, 1918, to carry supplies to the radio stations and make additions
and repairs. On St. Paul Island an underground concrete food-
storage cellar was constructed and a sewer was placed leading from
the buildings to the sea. Other activities consisted largely of repairs
and upkeep.
On St. George Island a building was constructed to serve as a
power house and storage room, new masts were erected for the
aerial, and a higher-powered transmission set was installed than had
been previously in use.
PATROL OF THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN AND BERING SEA.
The usual patrol for the protection of migrating fur seals was
maintained by the Coast Guard. The cutter Unalga left San Fran-
cisco about April 20, and carried on the patrol until October. The
cutter Bear made the annual cruise to Arctic Alaska and then re-
mained in Bering Sea until late in October, when a special trip to
Seattle was made for the purpose of bringing out Assistant Agent
Reynolds. Valuable assistance was also given the Bureau in the
transportation of other passengers to the islands and the carrying of
fer and supplies, for which courtesies acknowledgment is here
made.
SEALING PRIVILEGES ACCORDED ABORIGINES.
Indians along the coast of Washington and Oregon availed them-
selves of the privileges granted under the North Pacific Sealing Con-
vention of July 7, 1911, and the act of August 24, 1912, giving effect
thereto, and in the season of 1918 a number of fur-seal skins were
taken in accordance with Jaw. Skins were authenticated by Dr.
C. L. Woods, superintendent and physician, United States Indian
Service, Neah Bay, Wash., who reported a total of 395 certificates
issued and skins tagged by him in the year 1918. . The records show
that 251 of these skins were from male seals and 142 from females,
while the sex of two was not recorded. These skins were taken in
April, May, and June, 1918. It is thought that other skins may
have been taken, but reports of authentication have not been received.
Dr. Otis O. Benson, superintendent of the Taholah Indian Agency,
Taholah, Wash., and Mr. A. H. Dodge, who has succeeded Dr.
Woods at Neah Bay, have been authorized to authenticate all fur-
seal skins properly taken by Indians under their jurisdiction.
SHIPMENT OF SKINS FROM PRIBILOF ISLANDS IN 1918.
Fur-seal skins.—The fur-seal skins were shipped in four lots in
1918. The first shipment left the islands June 22 on the Bureau’s
steamer Roosevelt, and consisted of 3,104 skins from St. Paul Island
and 438 from St. George. The skins were delivered at Seattle and
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 109
forwarded on July 8, by Assistant Agent Christoffers, to Funsten
Bros. & Co., St. Louis. The shipment was made by freight in two
carloads over the Northern Pacific Railway, arriving at its destination
July 29 and 30.
The second shipment of skins was made on September 14 on the
steamer Roosevelt, and consisted of 17,816 skins from St. Paul Island.
Continuous gales prevented the loading of any skins at St. George
Island on this trip. The shipment was landed at Seattle and was
forwarded on October 5 in four cars via the Northern Pacific Railway
to St. Louis, reaching there October 30, 31, and November 1.
A third shipment of skins was made on the Coast Guard cutter
Bear, and consisted of 1,978 skins loaded at St. George Island on
October 6. They were landed at Seattle on November 5 and for-
warded on the same day to Funsten Bros. & Co., St. Louis, arriving
there November 25.
The final shipment of the season was made from the Pribilof
Islands December 12 on the steamer Roosevelt, and consisted of
2,899 skins from St. Paul Island and 4,584 skins from St. George.
The vessel reached Seattle January 3. The skins were forwarded to
St. Louis January 4 in two cars via the Northern Pacific Railway,
arriving at their destination January 29, 1919.
The allowing table shows details of the shipments:
SHIPMENTS OF SEALSKINS FROM PRIBILOF ISLANDS IN 1918.
7 Arri
Date. Vessel. sk St. Paul. St. George. Total.
Casks.| Skins. | Casks.| Skins. | Casks. kins.
June.22:] Roosevelt... .2. coco... - July 7 139 3,104 31 438 170 3,542
HEDtenlen| hace Ose soos. - eee ee aa Oct s 528 D7, SUGs sess’ sae Merc oaatteers 528 17,816
OctigwGs|| Beare ees ee ee ae INOVe oes cenelaeeceenoee 56 1,978 56 1,978
Dees; 12)|' Roosevelt... 0.5.0. cc ase Jan. 3 71 2, 899 156 4,584 227 7,483
Notaler ce seecec eel uses ets 738 23,819 243 7,000 981 30,819
The following statement shows the islands’ record as to numbers of
skins taken and shipped:
St. Paul Island:
Numberdrskins-on diand Janz ,.1918.6s- . Ssser8-. 1.28. See ea 112
mumber ten qirme years T3062 silo sie ee ees 27, 503
TEES 2 AiR SERBS SE Ag SOS DRG ARRON PRS sar Le Mion STR 27, 615
Satin eee reiniryeabers weno certs tence ee urye sons ess any Revere 23, 819
Neiherromaining or. 5t.) Paul, Island... 2. 2c. 2ss2esaes cen. 3, 796
St. George Island:
Mumberonsking taken during year... 2... - 225-22 Beeson - 7, 387
SANE E ICCC THES PORT ge Oe SS, hoa Khe cab or eS ees 7, 000
Number remaining on St. George Island...............----ceee-eeeeeeee 387
Soialon-hoth-islands-Dee: 31, 1918... >: -~ 2etereeee a eS eee 4,183
Fox skins.—The fox skins taken on the Pribilof Islands in the
season of 1917-18 were brought down on the first trip of the Roosevelt,
June 22, arriving at Seattle, July 7. They were at once forwarded
by American Railway Express to Funsten Bros. & Co., St. Louis.
The shipment consisted of 692 blues and 19 whites, secured as follows:
St. George, 602 blue and 5 white; St. Paul, 90 blue and 14 white.
160695 ° —20——24
110 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
SALES OF FUR-SEAL SKINS.
In the calendar year 1918 two sales of dressed, dyed, and ma-
chined fur-seal skins were held at St. Louis, Mo., by Funsten Bros.
& Co. The skins were disposed of at public auction to the highest
bidders. The sales occurred on April 22 and October 7. The total
number of skins sold was 8,100, and the total amount bid at the
two sales was $375,385.
At the sale on April 22 the number of skins sold was 6,100, and
the total price bid was $271,945. The maximum price received was
$64, and the average per skin was $44.58, an advance of 30 per cent
over the average of $33.17 per skin realized at the sale the previous
October. The following table shows details in regard to the sale:
DeTAILs oF SALE or 6,100 DressepD, DyED, AND MACHINED PrisILor ISLANDS
Fur-Seau Sxrins at St. Louis, Apr. 22, 1918.
Lot | Number P P Price Total
No. | of skins. Trade classification. per skin. for lot
WAS | 65") Lorwigs:75o0 Oxia Oxtra Warpe. 9-2) 2 ce- ace a= oe ce eee nee eee ee $64. 00 $4, 160. 00
230 50)|(ixtraiextradarge.2s-b isis sd. ete ee ee eee ts 57.00 2,850. 00
Besta) 50 | 2<se eaten: Aiea eit Aud. Bin Pot Mi ar Mae Habs te 58.00 2, 900. 00
Adam BON eae OTA SSE CREED, OE Fy OU alee, Aaa Ee ARES: 1 56.00 2, 800. 00
Basses TT ese 1 ae RNS ee IE ee Nae ACI! «RMS Hh 8S AS 57.00 2, 850. 00
eae at 50) eee Geos tee eto kak, ali ADEN IRE, Leda, ee eee 56. 00 2, 800. 00
12OR 501 Extra extra large;/cuty scarred setcl-5. -tceesense cee see os somes 40. 00 2, 000. 00
Se 40|noc. = Lee pee ee ee en CaN Den ah i arate va ei eed 43.00 1, 720. 00
9=°S2 70) hixtrailarzes 2 eee ee aaa areas ae eee 51.00 3,570.00
LOE GOV) Seate COS eer a ee Sa ck weer eee Sse eeas Sa ten ae ece caaeees serene 51.00 3,570.00
lee AU) eose Pie OR CORSO aPRN (Tra OT gy Rr att a onde SS Re OP MOR 54.00 3, 780. 00
LZ 70))\2- 2215 GO s32 22s bss ths BSS ees Saat aeRE Oe eee Cases eek ee secae aun 56. 00 3, 920. 00
13, (1 +P ePIC NE Aree at 4s SCA EU AI men 23 Lele ana a hE 56.00 3, 920. 00
ay AU oacc GOs sao es ca She ss le Rae es cee ae eo ceiem a ane Sete Mewes 53.00 3,710. 00
ae COM See Gg= 2 aks. Le ee. Se Se cisawiee wares bee ee ees 57.00 3, 990. 00
16.. AONE aoe Co Ce TRE ER Se iE et SE a eter as eer 7.00 3, 990. 00
ilies 70i\| oaee (Pea TEE RUGS ei ie oe RARER tae Lh en ete cede S 54.00 3, 780. 00
(8-5 56. 00 3, 920. 00
195% 53. 00 3,710. 00
20... 54.00 3, 240. 00
212 35.00 1, 750. 00
2 38.00 1, 900. 00
23. 36.50 1, 825. 00
24. 37.50 1, 500. 00
25... 48.00 3, 840. 00
26... 50.00 4,000. 00
Pfau 50. 00 4, 000. 00
DH. 51.00 4,080. 00
201 51.00 4,080. 00
30... 53.00 4, 240.00
31M 54.50 4, 360. 00
oom 53. 00 4,240. 00
3332 53. 00 4, 240. 00
34... 52.00 4, 160.00
305528 53.00 4, 240. 00
36. . 52.00 4,160. 00
= 54.50 4, 360. 00
38... 52.00 4, 160. 00
39... 53.00 4, 240. 00
40.. 52. 00 4, 160. 00
Aja 53.00 4, 240.00
42_. 52.00 4,160.00
43... 35.00 2, 800. 00
44... 33. 00 2, 640. 00
45°0.. 36. 00 2, 880. 00
46... 37.00 2, 960. 00
Aja e 36. 00 2, 880. 00
48. 37.50 2, 250. 00
49... 43.00 3, 870. 00
BOLE 40. 50 3, 645. 00
blees 40. 50 3, 645. 00
bor 39.00 3,510. 00
53... 41.50 3, 735.00
54. . 41.00 3, 690. 00
55... 39. 00 3,510. 00
56... 40. 00 3, 600. 00
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 5 tTt
Derarts oF SALE oF 6,100 Dressep, DYED, AND MACHINED PrRiBILoF ISLANDS
Fur-Seau Skins At St. Louis, Apr. 22, 1918—Continued.
Lot | Number i i Price Total
No. | of skins Trade classification. per skin. for lot.
Bzeeee OGG HOT Y 22S o-oo Seager oe 2 eee SSCS gE Er GE an ae ene ne 41.00 3, 690. 00
Ba (O05 beeps Sua SA HEC S ORAS ARDEA S SRR eA REC eec tees Hee cea See eeemeam 41.00 3, 690. 00
Sot” cL ae DLs << apie wet EE Re Tae ee ee ae IAT PREC Lt 43.00 3, 870. 00
Boe 90) amass Cg eee ene tn ae oe a ceees ae cee Guetu ee aauntisaia: pee 40.00 3, 600. 00
Giees SON seca. GIS oes eo A hg Annee age ge ee ee Seem yee rset ate 43.50 3,915.00
63ieee O0ile Act: Osseo ec etae ccs seacestsas sates sai deck wut Acbaueclscsaalecc dou 45.50 4,095. 00
6305s SOK ee GO sec eee eh oc oe taisos ema noewoncine PREMER OK antec ete cce 45.00 4, 050. 00
Ge CO Soeee CO Si eerie SEM S eNews it Fa tn ae ren CS 43.00 3, 870. 00
65... 90))bo55- Onna hance anaes maaan eeclea aie km meemenagdes 44.50 4,005. 00
66.... oO) See Ose oe aa ctacsenen nc dunes eee lnccee ete nb teens oa as Secece sewage 44. 50 4,005. 00
6755S 90 || Mediums; icut; scarred, Gte his so0 sence tem \wiom aa aosminisaeee 33. 00 2,970.00
68....| ® do 34. 00 3, 060. 00
694.5. 31.00 2,790. 00
70. 34. 50 3, 105.00
bikes 34. 50 3, 105. 00
72. 40. 00 3, 600. 00
7a 39. 50 3, 555. 00
74... 38. 50 2,310.00
1508. 43. 50 2,610. 00
76... 30. 00 1, 500. 00
TRA 29.00 1, 450.00
g
iE & Spi | eels sees "ee extra extravlarrelsns 95654 so cecaneleereneeekeceeneee 35. 50 1, 242. 50
Aiextralargewoaasjes sn oo sence see meee tates seen
A Wd eS Sot actos Seseerc poorer tore oxo ae Cee ei semiee ok
Woes: Boy elec Glextra extra lar rol te as ee ees geemociceen | 34.00 1,190.00
QR Oxtra lange. 325 sss aoe te ects ocioeree nek
PEE ae aie SE 2 ee ee ee ee cae eee
80 =. (60) | Meo ae PSA OCLLEITINS eae en eee eS NNO cia ane 28. 00 1, 680. 00
ip iS iberepoliiers. Serene eye epee pee eens Bate eee wee,
DC ee SEE CRS ae weer a eee ee eS
Sta S 60)| EET. e552 23 mediums Bapcg season - SchSoe Hee Se See be So eeSEUadoS2 27.50 1, 650. 00
Sones 26.50 1, 590.00
835.2. 18.50 1,017. 50
ROLL ee OREO! | Sos b cat eer Meee ose ie 5 od SRO UR rR Or ey bash Meme | Ri) 271, 945.00
The following table gives a summary of the trade classification and
the percentage of the total number in each class:
SuMMARY OF TRADE CLASSIFICATION AND PERCENTAGE IN FACH OLASS OF THE
Fur-Seau Sxrvs Soxp at St. Louts, Apr. 22, 1918.
Trade classification. Number | Percent-
in class. age.
Wipstes sesso esse Ete aie aes areas weecnae se aiee cle se Ae os Sooo ee 17 0. 28
xr ex melAnro-.a Rees 8 cece Se 2 3 oe eee aeeeSoaacs oon RE ree 404 6. 62
ERUPT EO see ease 5 coe estas cceeb abe seeing Sse cs SOOM REE RGAE Cee ee lnc ncc asc e 1,079 17.69
LE a cicet Bog gAC HOU BCC MES DS OEE CEH Ga eee Ea a NA 5 See a ee ie 1,984 32. 54
INS UUpae Gy ESD 8 OG a GE he SE AIS a AO) pe a Hy ar ae ney 2,177 35. 68
Srnallernpai ass cco mace site alec mact oe ans ne an.ca So cca sed Meeenece coc cscecneeteee. 439 7.19
Thi Shee |e ON Wat senesiorys Sagara Reta: Ta heli an 2 ta 6, 100 | 100. 00
112 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
At the sale on October 7, 1918, the number of skins sold was 2,000
and the total price bid was $103,440. The highest price received was
$75, and the average per skin was $51.72, an increase of 16 per cent
over ine April sale. The following table shows details in regard to
the sale:
Derarts or SALE oF 2,000 Dressep, DyEp, AND MacuHINED Prisitor IsLanps
Fur-Seau Sxivs at Sr. Louris, Ocr. 7, 1918.
Lot | Number F . Price per| Total for
Nomi tatakind Trade classification. aie lot.
Wysc SDE BWWRESE CLE maraesote ate aise ae otots ot on os- ooe S ee ieee See $75 $2, 250
2y PORE Xtra Ox tra lareence-o. coomeco noe cct eee peancoenee be 57 2, 850
3 50) | 2-~-d0. --..0--202.---20-0+c2nesesaneseanenesennnenes 57 | 2,850
ae OE Ee een ae ae See ae a RNa SOI 57 2, 850
al, gh. waver ee eae eae | Ean
ae 50 | Extra extra large; cut, scarred, etc............-.----.-2-2e2ss0e0.- 42 2; 100
eae PAU] | eee etd EN oR is ej eS eS 53 3,710
9 Die = Ls Ra eee net eh AES Oe SL ee 52 3, 640
Ei 10 | Geen oe BRR Sonatas 35 sb 5029 2S ac oe as oss eS - Ba 3, 640
O85 dO cio et scaceascsce ne see oe nares re PRE RE RES dace ee aaa eee 6 4,
is Asene go Be 555555 sa 5 ss 355 Ssh 5 6522-5 ates 62 arr
seed Ono a mwiacins cleininla min mminniineini= ein = emo aia atoeteateh a ee le ret et Lapa 64 2,560
35) | (Extrailarge; cut iscarted \eLe. 2 oa oop one tee ees aete ce eee 39 1,365
35 | sees GODS aes os ses soca cases a ton sp cne cere ee cuceee ues 43 1,505
80) | Mate eee eeeeaee ee rer ener epee er naa eee eee eee ae ear 51 4,080
804) 22-32 CEE A oss san aao nos as o55 5 se sea gees ease ee 5 ao g seston 51 4,080
80 |es-c (ea Oe a aaa a eae RL Oe Sar ramagine BEE ie 52 4,160
BO) /8h-<- GOS6 book ececcas ohncwne rear npenck cnc hes per Cee ene 55 4,400
SOiweee MOSS ae SES SSL CEN Gees stale csi lai RC ie Seen ERE Wes 60 4, 800
BO) <otae GOSS siieetecoasecesn tne -eeed see ses rere seeee ana o ee eee: 61 4, 880
Pia ele irae ra ee aurea IT hay ba] 2390
50 “Largo; cut, scarred, be. ..-..0 20... 2s eee eeeec cece eeeecise 40 2000
50) |e Obeee mdb ee sae eine eter eee sre ee eee eee ee eerie 40 2,000
90 |: Meat ims. 22s baSaon pean eceeehee ences aoe ee eee OREN RG ce oe 48 4) 320
90) =2282 Ose eotene peace me eeebest ones == peepee ie pe Pee eee 47 4, 230
ei RS pans Re ae a Cenc eaten, SAYS io] #7140
aerate OF Bese aos 959 9a ose SSeS ae ate tet Sen SSS 4,14!
60)|UMedtumscut (scarred (te > 6 o-isecep-e=cee oie eee eee eee eee 35 L 750
a0 ne MOGIUNS eee eee er Perel E eRe =e ree eee nae eee eee 40 1, 200
Eos OSR Se taaeece tice eee sanesmeueh ence smears eueseeemant Rare Eee 38 1,140
30 | Small mediums; cut, scarred, etc......-...-.-.22222222e ee eee e eee ee 33 990
3 Lee Oxbravlarre sts ose codcwsiscepin skeen pees eee eses oe eee
UQN ATO. seen cre ces cmiee sinisine ae aise sniseeieeninicisisine Sea eee ere
34... 30 | TIT.. TI mediums) jo 5s8 ose nce ecw eececeok + soos oe teceun bee caer eee 35 1,050
3smaill mediumis..4..5 ssesci cpt cceecin- sc seesloe sce cas sesame ates
Total 2000 |, .scdem Saree cone eerab buh sets Daeiee sine cee and aae <lafieae eather oe aan eceee eae 103, 440
The following table gives a summary of the trade classification
and the percentage of the total number in each class:
SumMARY OF TRADE CLASSIFICATION AND PERCENTAGE IN EFAcH CLASS OF THE
‘ Fur-Seau Sxrvs Sotp at St. Lours, Ocr. 7, 1918.
Number | Percent-
Trade classification. tniniase! age.
VALS tracinn cicrnrd ve watgue co ba het ok cena re a Semin eae © Ore ele te eee eae ce oe he te 30 ~ 1.50
xtra oxtravarge. 0-2 ere oe boot oe cence anaes Beene peor. sa ete eee 283 14.15
PREC ATLO cic oc doce oe ce eee eee een ee nine cele eo ee eos one oo teen ene 460 23. 00
WAR O orice och cote cece ote meee ace ee ee ee ee Oe ae Sere Sees Taee mice = seroma pear 712 35. 60
WGCINITNS oe hoa oc os nc cls coe oe ee ee Oe ne ee ee ner ne ene iemeeeeee | 422 21.10
Srrslimodiviniss <a see ee eee ee eaten semana een eee 93 4.63
SPOR Re eens San tens oe oo aS eR ee Ree oa ee ee enoes le ee ae eres 2,000 100. 00
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY.
GRADES AND COMPARATIVE VALUES OF SEALSKINS.
It appears advisable to record the comparative trade classifications
and values received for the various sizes of sealskins offered for sale
at St. Louis, April 22 and October 7, 1918. The following table gives
the number and grade of skins of each category, and the high, low,
and average prices received:
113
COMPARATIVE VALUES BY GRADES AND SIZES OF SEALSKINS SOLD IN 1918.
Total
. Num- 3 Aver- Aver Total
Classes and sales. Grade. | “her, | High.| Low. |“a5¢ Total er age. | price
pi Tand II 15 |$64.00 |$64.00 |$64.00
an 5 - 64. . <
SAP D2 Se a taicnyeinisnataio Uc 2 | 35.50 | 34.00 | 34.75 $60.55 | $1,029.50
OCiSTGEEAS EL eee I and II. 30 | 75.00 | 75.00 | 75.00 75.00 | 2,250.00
Extra extra large:
Zand ie 300 64.00 | 56.00 | 58.00
ut, etc 43.00 | 40.00 | 41.33 ,
BANA R AIO Siro it te'nisia's seis Tika e Hoe 13 | 35.50 | 34.00 | 34.80 53.44 | 21,591.00
1 epee cred 1 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.50
Tand II... 230 | 71.00 | 56.00 | 58.60
Ooirisic space sees eeeet Cut, ete. 50 | 42.00 | 42.00 | 42.00 55.42 | 15, 685.00
LP eseaaee 3 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00
Extra large:
eas 1h ae 57.00 | 51. a 54.33
ut, etc 1 35.00 | 35. 36.71
Apr. 22..-.-+---+--+-- BEB Ie ea 55 | 35.50 | 34.00 | 34.73 50.10 | 54,059.50
es ae ES ae 18.50 | 18.50 oe 50
an ee 64.00 | 52.00 6. 64
Oct.7..-.-..-------+- {out ete...| 70] 43.00 | 39.00 | 41.00 5s. 26/24, 900-08
Large:
Rand ional [eal ra 54.50 | 48.00 Be 05
ut, etc... 460 | 37.50 | 33.00 | 35.67 = -
JU open ooemceeccse Tee oe 74 | 28.00 | 26.50 | 27.31 47.16 | 93,576.00
EV a4 sscn 10 | 18.50 [ 18.50 } 18.50
Tand II.. 600 | 61.00 | 51.00 | 56.00
(OY C1 ay GRE Ree Ee Reese Cut, etc... 100 | 40.00 | 40.00 | 40.00 53.39 | 38,020.00
TORS. eke 12 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00
Mediums
Tand a eo jan be se 45.50 | 39.00 a 97
ut ete:: - 450 | 34.50 | 31.00 | 33.40
ENT) 0-7 al es a apg Te. pears 72 | 98.00] 26.50 | 27.29 39.33 | 85,638.00
PV Sree ee 35 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.50
Tand IT 360 | 48.00 | 46.00 | 47.00
OCtaiiciert esse weed Cut, ete 50 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00 45.23 | 19,090.00
1 eee 12 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00
Small mediums
pane TI. ne a 00 | 38.50 4 91
ut, etc. 0.00 | 29.00 - 50
2A) Pee sere aeassae Tees 34 | 28.00 | 26.50 | 27.45 36.10 | 16,051.00
EV22 32233 5 | 18.50 | 18.50 | 18.50
T and II. 60 | 40.00 | 38.00 | 39.00 :
LO Tei i (Singers aaa oes Cut, ete. 30 | 33.00 | 33.00 | 33.00 36.93 | 3,435.00
W334 532 3 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00
LADEN DO we ne eee Se een e Pat a a ee ee | Ore Nae | ees LURE ab D Rek: aed 44.58 |271, 945.00
(EF oS eee ee eR peepee eer | eS | Cee ee) eens epee ae ee aeons ol 51.72 |103, 440. 00
TEVA GEN CSS See ae ees Se eee oh 2 he a] eee Sah be 22 aioe | oe ee ke dy Pe ea 46.34 |375, 385.00
RECAPITULATION OF SALES OF FurR-SEAL SKINS IN 1918.
Apr. 22, 1918. Oct. 7, 1918. Total
Number Amount. |Number.| Amount. |Number.| Amount
idee eereerteene sss. d 17 $1, 029. 50 30 $2, 250.00 47 $3, 279. 50
Extra extra large...........-- 404 21, 591. 00 283 15, 685. 00 687 37, 276.00
Extra litpeeee sees cosees 1,079 54, 059. 50 460 24, 960. 00 1, 539 79,019. 50
AYpo. | peetectpemaen ss 5 1, 984 93, 576.00 712 38, 020. 00 2, 696 131, 596. 00
Mediums. A piocase — e 2,177 85, 638. 00 422 19, 090. 00 2,599 104, 728. 00
Small mediums. .............. 439 16, 051. 00 93 3, 435. 00 532 19, 486. 00
Total... acer 6,100 | 271,945.00 2,000} 103,440.00| 8,100] 375,385.00
114 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1948.
FUR-SEAL SKINS ON HAND DECEMBER 31, 1918.
The 1917 report of Alaska Fisheries and Fur Industries, page 95,
gives the number of fur-seal skins on hand in the States on December
31, 1917, as 9,600. Of these, 12 skins were in storage in Washington,
D. C., thus making the apparent number on hand at St. Louis,
9,588. There was, however, a discrepancy of 2 skins in the shipment
from St. George Island in 1914, which should be deducted from the
latter number, thus leaving a total of 9,586 on hand at St. Louis as
of December 31,1918. Slight discrepancies sometimes occur between
the count on the islands and the final count at St. Louis. The
following table shows the receipt of shipments and the sales of skins
by Funsten Bros. & Co. during the calendar year 1918:
Fur-SEAu Sxins at St. Louis 1n 1918.
On‘hand,'St? Lewis; Janda, VOUS x2 4 er 2 8 ee se 2 Es Mo Csstsiekes 9, 586
Shipments received in 1918:
EQUI Cae ae eA joes Fa5 Jeol y pS so goes ee 5 a6 4, 258
Tuly ose cab ase cee se eng Wee eee on te eee 3, 542
Octoberses 224s dalic a ob eae n as ibs 3 eee oe eee 17, 81
Novyembern c= fra erator oe tae oie eae ee Peep ae ee ee 1, 978 27, 594
i fs) i) A MED Te al Meee Ge) es BO 37, 180
Sales during 1918:
TUL. fo este ante k ee sdee aes fede -b aad oho creee emeke 6, 100
October 72.22 bse see ky Oe S8 | GLEe be Oe LOE 2528 eee 2, 000 8, 100
Balance onthand Dec. dit VOlSs 6 sae ees cee ccd cee iets = oa Sa 29, 080
The above number remaining on hand is the same as reported by
Funsten Bros.-& Co. under date of January 8, 1919. There were,
in addition to the above, 7,483 skins en route from the Pribilof
Islands at the end of the year. They reached St. Louis January
29, 1919.
SALE OF FOX SKINS.
The take of fox skins during the season of 1917-18 was given on
pages 88-89 of the 1917 Alaska report as 90 blue and 14 white for St.
Paul Island, and 602 blue and 5 white for St. George Island. These
skins were shipped from the Islands on the Roosevelt June 22, and
were sold in St. Louis at public auction on October 7, 1918. The
692 blue foxes brought $57,099.50, an average of $82.51 each.
This was an advance of 35 per cent over the prices received for the
1916-17 skins at the sale in October, 1917. The 19 white-fox skins
brought $1,080, or $48 to $60 each.
FUR-SEAL INDUSTRY. 115
DETAILS or SALE or 692 Biuz-Fox Sxins AND 19 Wuitrse-Fox SKINS FROM PRIBILOF
IsLanps av St. Louts, Oct. 7, 1918.
|
Price Total
Number ae AEC
Lot No. of aking. Trade classification. per skin. | for lot.
Blue-fox skins:
MU ine Ganka. o cace sae ostee tees kek cc ctscaeccdde « $116.00 $464.00
aes OP ae abe =a aoe Soe at aa saws ca aap ee se 136. 00 816. 00
AOR) el darkcass Sessa. ee ee ot Ee sho. tte cece: 113. 00 1, 130. 00
LD} View oc GOs Saco ae eee i ee eset 2s Ticks 96. 00 960. 00
5 Sere 6 Loy Ne Api SSR GA eae 93. 00 744. 00
Su Stace Gosct Fes Ces Fe ee... 91.00 728. 00
6 | Il extra large dark 93. 00 558. 00
@r sD darks Isso ose ek. - 86.00 516.00
GEES 3 GOb seid caae Sasc sae fae e ceee eS Sse 85. 00 510. 00
5 ea Chie SSG So SoS CeCe ean a tek Bates 88.00 | 1,056.00
10) | eae Om RPIE ary et ae teeth: iT 86.00 | 1,032.00
1 ee se LOE ee oe De pre Ee SO EE 82.00 984. 00
St) extra largellow-darkis 2.4. Sot 22 LA... 76.00 608. 00
10 | If by Gar gts ie at WN SEE et ccs 65. 00 650. 00
to)" Se seaet tc Ko eaten Bhat Seat ~ teres See i eee: San 62. 00 558. 00
4/1 eins larpenblue teste 2a be do 2te ee ee! 116. 00 464. 00
ween LO Satan co Sop ciaciniiiaowene ow me useher nana ea ce 95. 00 475. 00
OM] ML UGEe = acre ee oe ee CP | PAE See 94. 00 940. 00
LOS Ene Gh See er eres Se ee Seer 80.00 800. 00
LOR eee CO sedate are aire tein ge mine ong ae Ceonie weal 92. 50 925. 00
12} | Ci plies 3-2 = Pkt ee2 8 heh ees see. 80. 00 960. 00
16) |2 2252 ote east rh th eee ores mane 70.00 | 1,120.00
M2) | -<ees Os EAiAL USSR Ae Eas eS aS BSS oe 69. 00 828. 00
19}\ Tilow bliue-45553482) 22 2A ee Se 73. 00 876. 00
eel DY is pe peat blindeey ial paidee + 61.00 793. 00
14) S-cie- Gomera ee ee Pe re eS 53.00 742. 00
10s #lisilveryin; See ee eee ee ee fo. es oases 104.00 | 1,040.00
As Sila pales. Set Sse ee Nay Oh OI A Ae A 63. 00 819. 00
1G UNG arkiecoe oes os 45. 00 945. 00
F2)| Bi WH bi ot hats ear ee ele 47.00 940.00
4 | Extra fine dark 200. 00 800. 00
8)| Dextrailarge fine dank. 3. -2- 0.2. =. 332. =4-- 165.00 | 1,320.00
5 | Fine Spay meee peAE AS eS Be ae ee ee eo 175. 00 875. 00
Gileee se OO saet aad. cctinso ach canes ose see epe saree 150. 00 750. 00
tay oun Narre arke se poset ee earner eeeae 125.00 625. 00
6flyRine darks rtssess i Pet et Ae 140. 00 840. 00
7 A Vee CG FV nh “oe See Pe ere a eee 88. 00 616. 00
TOh RES ble tae UE ACA LIL See be. -269 Rea EES 130.00 | 1,300.00
3 ME LUGS theo a oe Gone ee ct er go aes te 100. 00 800. 00
15h bo 0} Lat nas Re LO a ie hea oe ena 88.00 | 1,056.00
5: || EL LO w blieceerse sed ge 8 rasa at Paty ee Sey. 76.00 380. 00
Bul Rextra large blue: es 5s. se aan S a eet eee 120. 00 600. 00
4); Hine darkesotos6 22 tase tk 8 AES. 8 175. 00 700. 00
4.) Wextra large. darks. -ss-c44- 945- ses eese eee 170. 00 6380. 00
10 et Sapa ET Pe Bee ee a Scos 160.00 | 1,600.00
AONE Se tee shan sa tale et SRE 140. 00 1, 400. 00
Sree aes argo dark <<. o-4, = 450 tect asctontas 94. 00 752. 00
Si, dark. Je cet Pe oA Oa? Se Sea 92. 00 736. 00
Gileeces ch) eee eee ey ae eee ee eee eee 88. 00 528. 00
Pg esaae GOs eee a setec ee ce Sy 8 IOP os arrest. od cat 84.00 | 1,008.00
sb ee ees eee eee ee ear ens ae eet tenes eee 87.00 1, 044. 00
§ |) LL extrailargedow dank: \.=-- 5-22 ..-2--saa05-- 68. 00 544. 00
Ail Lextra large blue: sist28 3. eek SSR 105. 00 420. 00
Shas G0 32 oo. cen a ee ee ee 105. 00 420. 00
T LOY (pe ys 0) 6 = etapa ois Macnee Nee 2 gets pe aon en ar at, 95. 00 950. 00
10 pea: a oe SRE ee aes Bs Seis 34 55 97.00 970. 00
(ol Se as I eee Seen e seed accor emey ac ae S 80. 00 480. 00
8 | Il Sct larzolblubit)=2 5. OO a 90. 00 720. 00
12 | o}{bT:) Sen a sere eee ee Ae 88.00 | 1,056.00
Nee ee GOs osasece OO ee eee eee At eee Seo coe 86. 00 1, 204. 00
Tas emis GO sete tec ew enwe oS SRS eee ee 84.00 | 1,176.00
io) OoRee i aoe aes are Brera On TG ok poe 84.00 | 1,008.00
101) ee AO an oh. cae messi < eee od Ree eee 70. 00 840. 00
1 VED ow Diet oe ek ee oe ee 73.00 876. 00
L272 doris... SEPT PME et cote nee CL ora sore 69. 00 828. 00
14 nit Tow. ..<. ee bee son ate SS eee ee ae 60.00 840. 00
Qui hlow darks)... so Se ee ee does 74. 00 666. 00
14y|) Tand ATT pale se. e006 o2e0< on Beceem Se 58. 00 812.00
118) id 1 i alle enema RR oe al ey a 35. 00 630. 00
DA AEVG< .. oboe bcs uh. tas eee: Se ae ERLE -¢ 11.00 231. 00
U5) | eS See. eee 2. 50 37. 50
Plat ond Tl extra larke sh) gaseceteen. 25204. en 60.00 840.00
Seana 1 White 10k22- ene eee eee eee 48. 00 240. 00
711 58, 179. 50
FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918.
By G. Dattas Hanna.
SCOPE OF 1918 CENSUS.
The census of the fur-seal herd resorting to the Pribilof Islands
in 1918 was taken in the usual manner. It is gratifying to note
that a continued increase is shown. The important element of the
herd, the breeding cows, began to gain immediately upon the cessa-
tion of pelagic sealing in 1911. The influence of this has probably
ceased to exist by this time and the herd appears to have settled
upon a normal annual rate of increase of about 10 per cent. The
actual average for seven years has been 9.78 per cent.
Information procured by Agents Fassett and Proctor in seal killings
has been freely used in the census computations. Those actually
assisting in the rookery counts were C. E. Crompton and the late
A. C. Reynolds. The Bureau was deprived of the important assist-
ance in field work of Dr. Harold Heath through an unfortunate
accident in which he was severely injured. A cliff caved away as
he was passing along Tolstoi Point and in the fall upon the rocks
below he suffered fractures of both legs and of several face bones.
The Coast Guard cutter Unalga furnished transportation between
the islands at the proper times for census work.
The plan of the 1917 census was followed closely. Harems were
counted on all rookeries at the height of the breeding season and
enough pups were counted later to ascertain the average harem.
With this as a basis, the total number of pups was computed and
also the remainder of the information so necessary to a thorough
understanding of the subject was derived. Little could be accom-
plished in way of area computations.
Commercial killing in 1918 furnished an opportunity to test the
estimates of bachelors of previous years. The quota taken was larger
than in any year since 1889, and it was the general opinion of all con-
cerned on the islands that the figures for each age which had been
computed in advance were conservative. Age determination of all
seals killed, by measurement of the carcass, has made it possible to
not only keep the reserve required by law, but also to state with a
reasonable degree of accuracy the number of any one class remaining —
for killing in subsequent years. The estimates are believed to be
under rather than over the actual number of each class in existence.
PUPS.
Pup counting began just as soon as it was possible to enter the
rookeries with ‘ekeonable safety to human life and continued until
the number which was swimming made the figures obtainable subject
to too great an error to warrant further work. The same field
methods were used as in former years. As in 1917 those rookeries
were selected for counting which were known from a records and
observations on the ground to be representative of the herd. The
average harem thus ascertained proved to be almost exactly the
same as that which was found in 1917, and it appears from all avail-
116
FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918. 117
able information that this is about as low as it can go. As long as
the percentage of nonbreeding bulls to breeding bulls remains as
high as it has been in these two years there is no probability that the
average harem will materially change for the herd.
There is a general stability or sameness developing on the rookeries
due to the excess of bulls, and the deviation of the average harem on
certain rookeries from the general average seems now to be due
largely to topography of the breeding areas. This is indicated by
the similarity of the average harems on rookeries counted the past
two seasons.
Since pups could not be counted on all rookeries, the average harem
had to be computed for many of them. On account of the closeness
of the 1917 and 1918 figures on those areas counted it was placed at
the same as the 1917 figure in most cases. The only exceptions to
this rule were in those cases in which field observations were con-
vineing proof that the 1917 condition was abnormal and had
disappeared.
Since so many factors relating to the pups are directly dependent
upon the average harem, this has formed the basis of most of the com-
putations found in the following tables. Thus it is well known that
the percentage of dead pups on a given rookery is dependent on the
topography of the rookeries, the number of harem bulls, and the
average harem. With these factors constant, the percentage must
be constant when pelagic sealing is nonexistent and no epidemic
occurs, no evidence of either of which was observed in 1918. There-
fore it seems justifiable to place the percentage of dead on rookeries
not actually counted at the same as was carefully computed for 1917.
This brings it to 3 per cent for the herd.
DISTRIBUTION OF Pups IN 1918.
Living Dead Total | Percent-
Rookery. Date of counts. pups. pups. pups. |age dead.
—_——————q— | —_qe | m | uu
ST. PAUL ISLAND,
2,502 38 | 2,540 1.49
2)174 61| 2/235 2.72
9) 154 332 | a9) 486 3.49
778 14] 792 1.76
18, 890 508] 19,398 2.61
6, 167 158 | 6,325 2.49
493 19 512 3.71
16,349 376 | 216,725 2.24
11, 156 304 | @ 11, 460 2.65
8) 795 294 | a9/089 3.23
517 19 536 3.54
5, 191 152| 5,343 2. 84
1, 824 58 | @ 1/882 3.08
le F 1473 18 | 1,491 1.20
MORO WIN Ase eee sa Soa n ee Ge bo nioe oe See 3, 224 lll @ 3,335 3.32
Wonumbiriassn os rem hoe 30,057 | 1,411 | #31, 468 4.48
AS EE Ne See Ee ae re 118,744 | 3,873 | 122,617 3.15
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
cn SS SS eee? 0 ee re 6, 837 174| «7,011 2. 48
Se SE SE aE) oe Sea 5,332 108 | 45,440 1.98
jen Eri hs 2 SP oe ee eee se See eS Bmp 14. STIS 796 10 1.24
Pee Seite a re 5d05.o ee ("| Ee ae 1 [ee
pubdaest’ gpeteeus |<) Ogee (eT SRI 2,092 28| 2,120 1.31
PORN. NEC DELS SO RUE OF EC RE eo 4751 109 | @4)860 2.24
ets. eens: ree ito 19, 869 429 | 20,298 2.11
Utae, (anak elena ee tT 138,613 | 4,302 | 142, 915 3.01
2 Based on estimated average harem,
118 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
The percentage of increase in the number of pups ona given rookery
is dependent upon the choosing of a landing place by the cows:
Accordingly great variations in the percentage of gain on individual
rookeries have been recorded during the past few years. Thus in
1918 one rookery on which a count was made gained 154 per cent,
while another lost 3 per cent. There is no adequate explanation
available for these conditions. The gains for the entire herd, how-
ever, seem to be following closely an autocatylitic curve, as was
pointed out by Prof. G. H. Parker.* During the past six years the
percentages of increase have been 12.54, 1.06, 11.02, 12.99, 9.44, and
11.63, with an average of 9.78 since 1912. For a.rough calculation
into the future it may be placed at 10 per cent, and taking into
consideration the conservative errors of the census it may actually
exceed this figure through a period of years.
PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF PUPS IN 1918 From 1917.
Percentage
Total Total F
Rookery. pups, pups, Cie
1917. 1918. crease (—)
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
REGO VAs science meet eRe. food eR Lean. at 2. eee 2,520 2,540 + 0.79
Weyikeetaa ge Soe Se oe 5 saree ele ia wr aje a hoi Bias oleae ata woe re ae re ere 2, 235 2,235 | cseeee tes
Gorbatchtis 5s. fit eae Fo Ee Pte eae na sae ate 8,649 9, 486 + 9.67
ATGISTION: sos che Cae washes te once tenhiet a reee eee 726 792 + 9.09
fa) (eat hae teas ey fea a sy Abe i Eade cps yeu eras ei 17,442 19, 398 + 11.21
Bivitteh ce'FSs Cg ERLE: Bess PRE a ee eee aes 5,060 6,325 + 25.00
WGA POON aos ead oot oe see ae ee eae aloe eee ees 466 512 + 9.87
Tolstoi: “Tihs ee ae ee See 15, 433 16, 725 + 8.37
Zapadni......... 9, 828 11, 460 + 16.60
Little Zapadni. 6, 863 9,089 + 32.43
Zapadni Reef... ae Sars 358 536 + 49.72
Rolovinae. ease. 4,918 5,343 + 8.64
Polovina Cliffs; 2.2. sae. Stk ae Ree ote J eee ee eee ae 1,761 1, 882 + 6.87
Little Polovina : 1, 260 1,491 + 18.33
INTOYJ OVE. sass ciate oe tec cee oe Dee eee mc eee io naicies see cenae 2,921 3,335 + 14.17
Viostochmnil: os ed Stet ateeecee shee eae casas ees ce scceetees 28, 249 31, 468 + 11.39
MOtAMs iP ectectits bine astoe Searle Sect ch ewe wee Mews ssa oro eee 108, 689 122,617 + 12.81
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
IN Ons.) 205 js cle aoae Ste ae Sen en oe awa cea cece Rees 6, 783 7,011 + 3.36
Biarava Artie. tamen Soe h cee naeaice nance scitemmeaier sere. 5,642 5,440 — 3.58
iy of¥e bal ae ee Se eee Bd del Se ee eA Od 1,050 806 — 2.32
SLO] 2 Fae pee 5 RE RN Al tS OR kk SNES FON a tae Sania See Seo e 24 61 +154. 16
Wasi ROOt ieee tae see See oe oe ne eee ere ae 1, 786 2,120 + 13.7
Hast Clitts) socutes bh. hase nou saee semit te ae eter eeec ions eemCneciieoesae 4,050 4, 860 + 20.00
POLARS. Sacha cccdeas eee eure Pe rw a nL Rad seis 2 19, 335 20, 298 + 4.98
Total sbothyislands. cae o. seen eee ee ee ne eee 128, 024 142,915 + 11.63
BREEDING COWS.
By inference the number of breeding cows is the same as the.
number of pups, 142,915. This is a very creditable increase of
14,891, or 11.63 per cent from 1917. The increase showed very
materially on the rookeries. Many of the avenues left for ingress
and egress to the hauling grounds have closed up or are fast closing.
Small outlying breeding masses of seals are being joined to larger
masses and there is a general expansion rearward. ‘The season was
marked by the establishment of very few new breeding sections.
«Proceedings, National Academy of Science, vol. 4, p. 169.
U. S. B. F.—Doc. 872. PLATE X.
A FUR-SEAL HAREM.
FUR SEALS, FEMALES AND PUPS,
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FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918. 119
Some, which in 1917 promised to develop, were abandoned. For
instance, the lone bull failed to return to Otter Island to try to estab-
lish a harem, and no cows returned to Suthetunga, otherwise known
as Zapadni Point. There seemed to be a tendency everywhere
toward crowding in the larger areas, but the records do not bear this
out. The phenomenal growth of 154 per cent on South Rookery
is a feature of interest. Especially is this true in the light of condi-
tions on Zapadni (St. George) about half a mile distant. For some
unaccountable reason this rookery fails to develop.
CHARTS OF BREEDING AREAS.
Unfortunately it was not possible to test the area method of com-
putation of seals on the breeding grounds of St. Paul Island again
this year. Charts were carefully made on St. George, however, by
Mr. A. C. Reynolds, and his areas have been determined as follows
by means of a polar planimeter:
AREAS OF ST. GEORGE ROOKZRIES.
Rookery. eoue Rookery. Baneye
INoriheeee.4.- == peel a 5 Sete ee be: TO2ZKOOO: || PR ast Meat si teee Mech, ss een eae: 8 es 35, 600
SYNCED A ee a ee 60,200).|| bast Clifiss. 2. --.5. 2 -mad n= ere chee 35, 200
Zapadni...... Speeeee sj ce da=6 26 be sso 17, 200
No chart of South Rookery was made, because it has been estab-
lished since the Coast and Geodetic Survey completed its work. In
other cases their charts were taken in the field and the plotting care-
fully done there.
LOSS OF COWS ON ISLANDS.
On four rookeries of St. Paul Island 29 dead cows were found
during the counting of 19,398 pups. This proportion applied to the
entire herd would give 213 as the total dead. This number is to be
compared with 39 for 1916 and 129 for 1917. The increase in the
percentage of loss of cows on the rookeries is larger than the nor-
mal percentage of increase of this class, due solely to the great sur-
plus of males which has developed in recent years. If the progen
of these lost cows is ascertained for 20 or more years ahead, it wi
be found that the herd is suffering a very perceptible injury. It
can only be avoided by reducing the number of breeding and fighting
bulls, which will result in an increase in the average harem.
In 1918 the agents have kept very accurate records of the loss of
cows during commercial killing. It has always been known that an
occasional cow will go on the bachelor’s hauling grounds and may even —
give birth to her pup there. Should she be young, it is almost
impossible to distinguish her from the 3-year-old males without
capturing her and making an anatomical examination. This is
impracticable industrially. Occasionally a cow in the drive will be
hit with a club unavoidably, even though she be recognized. The
total number killed in the most extensive work since 1889 was St.
120 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
Paul 23 and St. George 12. It was customary in commercial sealing
throughout the leases 1871 to 1909 to close operations at the end
of July, because the rigid discipline of the harem masters is then
relaxed and cows wander in increased numbers to the hauling
eee: The danger of killing them after that date is greater than
efore.
HERMAPHRODITE SEALS.
In the 1918 killings two hermaphrodite seals were found on St. Paul
Island. Both were too small to have begun the development of the
outward appearance of the bull and were supposed to be 3-year-old
males by the clubbers. The skull of one which was studied had the
characteristics of both sexes while the only generative organs present
were ovaries.
THE 3-YEAR-OLD COWS.
Since 1915 the loss of seals during the first three years has been
placed at 50 per cent. The result arrived at in 1918 is further
evidence that this rate of loss is approximately correct.
In 1917 there were estimated 128,024 breeding cows. By deducting
10 per cent or 12,802 which have been lost due to old age there
remain 115,222 of the 1917 herd in 1918. This figure deducted from
the total number calculated for 1918 (142,915) leaves 27,693 to
represent the increment of 3-year-old cows in this year.
To get at the actual number of this class it is necessary to go back
to 1915, when a complete pup count was made showing 103,527. It
half of these were males and half females and all had lived, there
would be 51,763 new cowsin 1918. If half died, however, there would
only be 25,881, a number so close to that calculated above, 27,693, as
to be significant. The difference would be easily accounted for in
many ways, such as an annual variation of losses, inexact equality of
- births of sexes, etc.
AVERAGE HAREMS ON ROOKERIES COUNTED IN 1918.
Breeding| Harem | Average
bulls.
Rookery. cows. arem,
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
Reddy Hist) | AIST Ae SoSs fh Oa Gea 19, 398 688 28. 19
ARGON Gs obi oc ade < abe ok bess cates oe Deh cere eee eee = eas ce eee ee 512 25 20. 48
LiMDACTIORCEL os ce ree a oben ooo ee ead ae oe eee De ee a ee acces 536 27 19. 85
olovingt seece’ Gs ss Seth sath ees aR eee ot ae 5, 343 185 28. 88
Total LG SIL a FO OO rate. SEES REE TY C5 25,789 | 925 27. 88
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
FiTVAREINT = APSE SOE Sen AIRE Pe Pe Pe ee ate eae Se eee pais asta 806 43 18.74
Poth -1 A> 692 foe. evened. sete el eee es eee. eet 61 8 7. 62
IAG OEROO le oro: a.s = cme oie tices ean a Eden ade eee eee a oe! 2,120 99 21.41
570) 1 Se ee Ree maa Seba BE BESTS Be 2 weet tas ss ubenecndes anes 2, 987 150 19.91
otal, bothyislands: 1 ¢; -<f:este-k canst os doe eee ow tee soos 28, 776 1,075 26. 76
FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918. 121
Ture AVERAGE Harem IN 1918 For Att ROOKERIES.
————ooeeeOOeOOOeeeeeeeeeeeeee=s®«®@onanaganaqaqoaqaaaananaeaesea—aeeeeae=sesS0eeos=j{(0_«<—_“»«wmomm9m—e—e——«$—=$aqwmeoOoaoOonm@nM=q$msaRwnmamya9aoO“\—“———
Rookery. Breeding} Harem | Average
cows. bulls. harem.
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
2,540 127 a 20.00
2, 235 100 @ 22.35
9, 486 306 a 31.00
792 36 a 22.00
19, 398 688 28. 19
6, 325 230 @ 27.50
51 25 20. 48
16,725 625 | 4 26.76
iTS CER ono Ges Slenec tar dee Gans Macken eee Saves Hncee See Sar eEedioss 11, 460 494 a 23.19
Whittle: AaAdnis 4 a elk eles SUE Cee SR EE SPSS EET ee teach s soe ease as 9,089 343 a 26. 49
Fama RCCL shen 4s cee een Se eae eases enone ene eee soy = 536 27 19. 85
PGI GW eas soe ether ee ece me ictcletarleltetoe dactataleitewiciae mice cerntewlaaelste 5, 348 185 28. 88
RolovinsClittse< 8 Seek ee ee eee eee Mes eileen ciscamaesis 1, 882 93 a@ 20. 23
iljpnalietn baba eterna eee Be ode Mat OS Cee th tae Rat aA a oll mie er ere 1,491 52 @ 28. 67
IMIG) Oval ae oe kine setodoe o boda 4 sos 0448 oe Seo 405 ees seer ontboseerentserortsece 3, 335 145 @ 23. 00
WOoStGC Reser ea soon soe Banos lens edna ee iot cam asvaclee bee ee sss 31, 468 1, 134 @ 27.74
MR GTAP ROS e ie ace} oe. 5 Saal acigd fnew eerelcseiaes cae ce pebaies oguee once 122, 617 4,610 26. 59
i}
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
IN OxGhiose saan cce ose canes heb bemck Comme ee behe tne emenates eat daiacs® 7,011 262 @ 26.75
Parc y ce Atle etee 2 test peta So cawice eres setae he wae ee oe ce teen Salter 5,440 160 @ 34.00
SRS ete - PROBE ee coe Bile eer ts Se ERE ee at ROGUE - Sea CREE ae ae ote tee 806 43 18. 74
pester es ae 8 oe ee a ak dae ce See eye ae ieee aces 61 8 7. 62
ISS Gi ees eee tee Se Cae ee SEE |e Mahe REM osce ocoueteeee se 2, 120 99 21. 41
SRS EUG HESE Pon cts eters ce tine Soc be dace cdo bee ca binw Sates Sadaaeeateeen st 4,860 162 a30. 00
otal 2st S |. Pe ROR ee ee 2c A 20, 298 734 27. 65
—— eS ee
otal: Doth islands: sepensassne to 5 eee eos cae tetas Teeth ose caes 142,915 5,344 26.74
a Estimate.
AGES OF COWS.
The maximum age which the female seal attains is not known at
present, but this continues to be one of the most important unsolved
roblems in connection with the herd. No opportunity to gather
information upon the subject has been overlooked.
Branding of female pups was first undertaken in 1896 by the Jor-
dan Commission. It hall as its object in those days the making of
the skins of the femaleseals of suchsmall value that it would not be
profitable for pelagic sealers to continue in business. It was believed
at first that the results to be obtained were of sufficient value to war-
rant the continuation of the process for a considerable period of
years; accordingly instructions were issued, and the branding con-
tinued up to and including the season of 1902. The derival of im-
portant biological information from these branded animals seemed
to be an overlooked possibility. As a measure of protection to the
female seals it was a failure.
In 1896, 377 pups were branded; 124 of these had three bars
across the back and one down the center, 191 had a single bar across
the back, and 62 had this and three bars across the back. In 1897,
847. were branded: with three bars across the back, 1,033 had two
bars, and 5,498 had one bar. Thereafter the single bar was used
entirely, with the exception of 1898, when 300 were branded with a
diagonal bar across the back. The total number branded during any
of the years after 1897 can not be given, because the figures for St.
George Island are lacking, but from 1898 to 1902 the numbers
branded on St. Paul Island were secured from the island log.
122 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
FEMALE Purs BRANDED, 1896 To 1902.
Year Number Year Number
TROG. «20s car occ etek Bue oe eee son ae ee @ 317 || L9OU. cc conc cocees sce scr e meus rece ne eee b 4,173
LEO ae hoe ca oe Dabo ian en a ne wee G7, 369; |], 1902: sessetet TS Se oe oe oe sesc eee b 1,416
1898.32, GS been cu ce eee oe has seo b 2,363 ———
19005 cee eee lec seh tae tens Seep neeeee b 2,191 Total sooo sscccccccecece eee 19, 587
FONDS cts oceans olo.cck cape ce oe SOR OM eRe b 1,698
a Tncluding St. George Island. b St. Paul Island only.
These branded animals have returned to the rookeries each suc-
ceeding season up to and including 1918, but since the single bar
brand was used in many successive years we are not safe in assuming
that any branded animal bearing this brand was born before 1902.
This would make the unquestionable age of branded cows seen in
1918, 16 years. Since the cow brings forth her first young when 3
years old, this would give her 15 breeding years at least. ‘Thus the
assumption of a normal old-age death rate of the female of 10 per
cent per year seems to be if anything too large.
In 1918 there were observed by Mr. Reynolds, Mr. Crompton, and
myself six of these brands which may be known as the 1902 series,
three on St. Paul and three on St. George. Two of these had nursing
pups. When it is considered that these branded animals passed
through nine years of relentless pelagic sealing, this is not an
insignificant number by any means.
There is little to record regarding the 1912 series of branded cows.
They were observed on many rookeries and seemed to be normal in
every respect.
BREEDING BULLS.
The count of bulls actually in charge of harems was made complete
at the usual time—the height of the breeding season. It continues to
be the most important of all census work, and great care has been
taken to make it as accurate as possible. The count is attended
with considerable danger to human life when the rookeries are as
large as in 1918. In order to get a vantage point from which beach-
line harems can be seen and counted, it is often necessary to run the
cordon of idle bulls. A misstep or a fall would likely prove fatal.
In other places it is necessary to set up a long ladder in order to get
a view of distant bulls which could not possibly be seen from the
ground. This ladder must be held by natives, and when a high
wind is blowing there is considerable danger of it overturning. A
fall to the jagged rocks below would be serious. Plans are being
considered for a platform walkway for one of the St. George rook-
eries, and if it proves a success here the same will probably be
installed on St. Paul. In some cases when the weather is suitable
certain rookeries can be counted more accurately from a boat than
from the land. In this way good counts were obtained on Lagoon,
Tolstoi, the three Zapadnis, and Sivutch on St. Paul and on Staraya
Artil and the two East rookeries on St. George.
The number of breeding bulls is obviously greatly in excess of the
actual requirements on the rookeries. In addition to these there is a
large reserve of idle and surplus bulls.
FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918. 123
Facts obtained in 1918 from the 1912 branded males are of the
ereatest significance in showing where this excess came from. The
1912 seals were 6 years old this year. The supposition has generally
prevailed in the past that males of this age were fully grown and able
to hold harems or at least skirt the rookeries as idle bulls. But this
is not true. The 6-year-old male is hardly half grown and resorts
to the hauling grounds or elsewhere. He is not physically able to get
anywhere near the breeding cows.
These 6-year-olds were born the year the closed season became
effective. Commercial killing was not done in 1912. So where does
this great excess of full-grown males come from which has been found
in 1916, 1917, and 1918? Obviously it can not be from the 6-year-
olds. Likewise it can not wholly be from those animals which were
born in 1910 and 1911, because they were only 6 years old in 1916
and 1917, respectively, when there was a surplus. Therefore the
closed season of 1912-1917 has not yet become effective upon the
breeding grounds, and the surplus found in 1916 and 1917 and in
large part in 1918 comes from those reserves spared from the killings
of 1908 to 1911. The reserves then made for breeding Bunpese: were
too large rather than too small. They provided the herd with so
many bulls that the death rate of both pups and cows on land is
far above what it should be.
IDLE BULLS.
Idle bulls were counted at the same time as the harems, and as the
rookeries exist to-day this is a difficult task. There are so many
nonbreeding males Ebout the rookeries that some plan had to be
followed in segregating the idle bulls and that class variously known
as quitters, young bulls,and half bulls. It has been learned that
about three tiers of males just outside of the harems are stationary
and hold their positions tenaciously. They are found spaced about
as the harem bulls. Out beyond these there are more else however,
which wander here and there endeavoring to find a place where they
can get in close to the harems. The plan followed the past two
years has been to classify those holding positions as idle bulls and all
others as surplus bulls. This is a distinction which in some cases is
hard to decide upon and the classes intergrade. However, it does
not seem practicable to call all males about the rookery, not actually
in possession of cows, idle bulls. ‘This might be done to obtain a
figure for the total available reserve males except for the fact that not
half of them are about the rookery. Large numbers give up hope of
holding harems and go to the hauling grounds and to sea to cruise
about the rookery margins. These must be estimated. Therefore
the plan adopted seems best to follow.
124 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
The harem count gave the following results:
Harem AND [pte BuLts IN 1918.
Rookery. Date. tian pole Total .
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
RW OVi or Sick Se soc cecccecccssceaconce te saenee sere ence e snee ee July 16 127 82 219
Aukaninis 2; 228s oases cece s. So eed: ote esas o eee eee ee ee oe aor - 100 49 149
Gorpateh--aeeeese BEE Sees See os Sees ote Swine SoA niomeca anette os dos... 306 137 443
Ardisnen 343 Estee Ah OE EEL Ee PEE ee ES do.i3! 36 13 49
LS Sg (pesados onan Jeet Eos oe eens se ssesae sae see see tea doses 688 307 995
SIvetch 2. eee ee eee eae oe eee oan e tee een eeeeee Soe! SULLY 19!" 230 90 320
Dagoon >.<) = sesh S34 s5t-& sei. oe os S85 se0e o> se ees --| July 18. . 25 18 43
LOISLOLES, ccante ss Seek soecetis aoe wesc seaeo cesses ee h seeoetewetecelnee dows 625 312 937
Papadnisse Det, SECC ies eet LS STC o eT. sash, ERE ga as do..... 494 193 687
GHG Za DAO Rie oan noc a Pe ie ce eee eects seme ay doles. 343 199 542
ZRORGn Reo tase cee hese eee eee ate ecee ee eee c eee eee dose 27 8 35
Suthetungva=sass-5- -- s- -ss seers ees Seok = Bean ease cee dose cata eecelikson<s=04|tasemeaeee
POlOVING= 222. F-o-o = sacha cn ete eee ce See ea ese eaten e osc eee waloee d0:. 185 131 316
Polovina Cliffs oss oe Fs Sn ea oe eal Sas Aor. 93 59 152
ittle-RolOvina 2s-¢ ea an- eee eee ne ae a ee eee eee loot Oreos 52 23 75
MOTO Vier aes onan seca teense eae ta ee ee ee July 17. 145 94 239
WSR GSI Bag ss aceboaaoobaes (see cbr Jose soe = - 55365-4552 aencce-| 65" do..... 1, 134 530 1,664
Totals tte lis isk Sessa REEL DIRS IS eS 4,610 2,245 6,855
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
Northttt 2302. PR BU A, AO NE July 22 262 64 326
STEM rhea g IES 55 oe Se so soesba tenes ss se socccaacs July 23 160 40 200
JER TO NE Woe geno) Soe nooonaecad ana See Ar SA cons Ssche ese aos July 22 43 20 63
Bouts <. acoso = cee sees = Sesiew wwe cee seen eesein Sos ee seecees wcbeelece dO... =< 8 8 16
LOE Gir IO Ne ea Sees so oesesecaaees Besse Sb sass ES July 23 99 45 144
Bast Olifis. coe ste cease eee eoee ee eee aoe ne ore ooem ee aes coe dorses 162 22 184
Total: <csoe hiweddeessk -pcdek see oe See scenes eee Ale fete 734 . 199 933
Total bothaslandste. ~~ eee eae terse ee cea (ee ee eos 5,344 2,444 7,788
PERCENTAGE OF IDLE Butts To Harem Butts CoMPARED TO THE AVERAGE HAREM
In 1918.
Percentage
idle bulls | Average
Rookery. eee harem.
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
Kitovi...... SESS See Pe Ges ne blo = e350 300 CCS Senn ne = Se aoe aR eS SSe5 5455 545- 65.35 20. 00
POL rire IE SPER SR EE OE Sa Orie asad de Sebo SScc BE Seco ASS bt Sac eedcboasce 49.00 22.35
GOT PAL CH sa 5 eae tas cacao pew ane toncanind tas ae ne mame ad aats agement 44.77 31.00
NCCU RSE BAe Ae eestor co eee Se sents ee soe Secs ESS 5558 35532: 36. 11 22.00
1 5G SSeS acc ooeaeoaer se onus eeonsaas QoDassanseaSo sssecabSensegthssdesclage 44, 62 28.19
ST hatl fol ie Se SR te one son so sont 73a eee se ts 855 585555 Se se tose 39.13 27. 50
LOS yO RR PAR Re ee ee Se S| ASE Se Ae se 72.00 20. 48
MOIStOLER Us! Eee oe es Pk oh cate sete as ke ten ee eiteel damit aoe Sa eaea ae ee eet 49. 92 26. 76
Faria bib Gee ee eee oe nn ee eee eee nk ans soon eet eis See does Sc Feo 39. 06 23.19
LDH WAS TOC (eb oh ee eee Ra nee aria So OCS Scene: ee coe qo sSangEe ES eerEcons 58. 01 26. 49
Zapadni Reel. ses cece - sits. es sees yaaa aes eee ee EERE ate ee ene ae 29. 62 19. 85
BY) (ay ite ee een eet pe ins EI ea SS EES Soe) eae a sek a oeeen na 70. 81 28. 88
WGOlGvine Clifis 5. cco sek keels Bae a Ste alae oe tain Seale elem eae elon ete 63. 44 20. 23
TAttIG POOVANA sao once = Cece cee ae oo <'e cise ree eae ee ae oe ine te oes 44. 23 28. 67
IMOFIOVI)-2 woe Sdec scene ote taete bees ee a ces pete eaten eees seein ere ee eee 64. 82 23.00
WOst0Chni- cceccccene vic ctewcs sere oe See ae See ee eee eee neta ates nin stella wl latent = 46.73 27.74
otal: - qd osccweeeeeepaaaet cos Sone oe os SaceOS eee eae eee Lar a ee 48.72 26. 59
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
Woartliseesctnceb 3S asbeco- eee pce ceaeeck sesnnte avep ene ae ete seems saree 24. 42 26.75
Stara vaca occ. ccc cece ge cee a centers cece ee es cena eh epReReee een == ~<a memes 25. 00 34. 00
APRON tose toe sen sks avacecetes ep dee tecucen qaeme soa Se eee eee sean 46. 51 18.74
Somthiss testa casicecccdeap aw euack saeepe en aa eee a des ee eee aa ss =a eae 100. 00 7.62
as eel eres cco. cawe nice cae os seslie ee LO tet ee eee eee ce ote oe Salata are = 45. 45 21.41
Bast Chiffgnsecate cect view e bite obine - dobcas atcicatomeb cons pee Ge ReRns mamas canisle Coen 13. 58 30. 00
Phaleee ee eee Ce eae io cata a = ee eee bee e Se ee eto ae wine on eploeteteia 2701 27. 65
oS Oo
Total, Dothaslands: oo. Joe <5. canoes enon esses ee enneee a me enc nena 45, 75 26.74
—__ 00
FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918. E25
SURPLUS BULLS.
No count of bachelors on the hauling grounds was made at the
height of the season because of the interference this would have
caused in the killings then taking place. In its stead the surplus
bulls were counted about the back of the rookeries. This class
includes those males found here and likewise those which are on the
hauling grounds and elsewhere; obviously, the last must be estimated.
No counts of them are possible. A count about the rookeries,
however, is valuable because in a way it shows a breeding reserve
which is unquestionably known to be in existence. For this purpose
they might be added to the idle bulls but would tend to give an
erroneous impression, because the count only represents a very small
fraction of the number in actual existence. it those counted were
added to the number of idle bulls they would make 2,444 +3,951, or
6,395 nonbreeding males found about the rookeries at the time of the
1918 height of season harem count. This makes the percentage of
idle and surplus bulls to harem bulls 119.66. From this it is apparent
why the average harem was at or very near a minimum.
Surrtus Butts CounteED In 1918.
Rookery. Seine Rookery. sas
ST. PAUL ISLAND. ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
LS G7 phe Sc acer ep a 5 fe GOUNOntN ct aes aes aaoee bee cecebek cs cosas 91
PRcaMine 2420 a8 cele. bbe ae sea OGi||Petaraya Arto coco cescncsids ces one cise oe 56
GUN RLCH 22. k. wot cere t na don cous shat cece 1GOSHRZADACMIL Son dese choke seen caaeee ees 29
(3) i ce A See ALS Me ee RY Dp SOOM ASOUL ess ssa a ae Gotineee ere eins oe eee 4
SL ADD Tie on Bae Siee Oy, See SR Rs ay een a ZOOM eR BSh WOR Locsccg.gacicchpecsseces cesmeence 37
EEGINLOL Samet a wee ee Ramee ade one tae ocean 267
Butholtmparr ss fete f sae tse coset he 93 Total 217
ERO RAIA Se pie pee oh viata niee ere 500
Laivile Zapadniz —. 2 st Pee es eee 54 Total, both islands. ..............- 3,951
LEC TaN: eng 3 pea —eg are emareatl Heiipeanetae sie ay Ne 194
PTHS POIOVINAT tel c e nL sates tec mecee ne
MEOH Gyl reeset en teen ccc cen accne ne 157
IV GStOChnit4 ache e sereh ee eae ao 1, 260
Total cen, ate oie te 3, 734
GAINS OF BULLS.
The great significant fact standing out in the census work of 1918
is the percentage of gain of harem bulls. This was 10.18 for the
entire herd, a figure differing but slightly from the increase of the
cows. Since there was an overabundance of idle and surplus bulls,
it seems to show conclusively that the average harem in these two
years was at its minimum. ‘The average increase of harem bulls the
five preceding years was 36.68 per cent. The increase or decrease of
idle bulls means but little at this time. The difficulties of deter-
mining the actual number in this class as distinct from surplus bulls
are almost insurmountable. Those animals at the rear of the rooke
which might properly be called idle bulls either merge into the haul-
ing grounds on one side occupied solely by surplus bulls and bach-
elors, or on the other side into the group properly known as idle bulls.
It would not be right to: call all bulls on the hauling grounds “idle
bulls.” Neither could the figure obtained from counting surplus
bulls on the back of a rookery be considered to represent all the
animals in this group, The great difficulty lies in the fact that in a
large number of cases there is no line of demarcation between a
rookery and a hauling ground. The rearward extension of the breed-
ing seals is bordered by a sharp line, but the other classes are not.
160695 °—20——25
(126 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
At present there is no perfectly adequate means of classifying the
nonbreeding bulls, and the plan adopted must be continued in spite
of any faults it may possess.
CoMPARISON OF HAREM AND IDLE BULLS IN 1918 witTH 1917.
Harem bulls. Idle bulls. Total.
Rookery. 7ZaTR LIAS GAUL Dalal (WED GG
1917. | 1918. | GIN Or | 3917, | 1918, | G2 OF | 4917, | 1918, | Gain or
loss. loss. loss.
Lee, ee Se 8 SS
ST. PAUL ISLAND.
Per cent. Per cent. Per cent
KtOVISG. «22 ccnn ode acosnese 126 127 + 46.42 182 209 + 9.34
Lukanin ys 2 £2 £25. 23220825. 100 100) sess aani< — 9.25 154 149 — 3.24
Garbatceh: 222 ea eee 279 306 + 5.38 409 443 + 8.31
Ardiguen. 3-2 5. 24 -So see ce 33 36 — 53.57 61 49 —19. 67
Reof.ces. S55 3ess558te oe e2t 613 688 + 29.53 850 995 +17.05
Sivutch i ss. snc ncce ass oaeae 184 230 + 25.00 256 320 +25. 00
Otter Island22ss. 228 Ss. 2 Eee Oe BE ee A S| SS 1 RUS 8 5 2c
TA P00nY 2eken asel sents sce 24 25 + 20.00 39 +10. 25
NOlstOl sess eesoes cee ee re eee 671 625 + 73.33 851 937 +10. 10
Suthetunegay- 2 -cae528.2525 5. Dats S3e al soca she] 1064 esses ele. tice 663] 322 Sates. see eee
Zapadni =|. 420 494 — 43.56 762 687 — 9
Little Zapadni. - -..- 259 343 +184. 28 329 542 +64. 74
Zapadni 22 27 — 38.46 35 BD voce epee
Boloyvindsa..scesctteres cooks 166 185 + .76 296 316 + 6.75
Polovina Clifis= =... .--s2see- 87 93 + 90.32 118 152 +28. 81
Lithle(Polovinansocecceese ee 35 52 — 54.90 86 75 —12.79
MONjOVia = ce scece cet eee eae 127 145 + 13.25 210 239 +13. 80
Vostochni=<-<sc.ssccesee cece 1,018 | 1,134 — 32.39 | 1,802 | 1,664 —7
otaleee es sou cete enemas 4,166 | 4,610 — 4.10] 6,507 | 6,855| + 5.34
. ———Saas _— ————— |
ST. GEORGE ISLAND.
Northsash. Ate eeeeteeneee 266 262 — 43.85 380 326 —14. 21
StarayarArtil=-tet<222 tees 163 160 — 64.60 276 200 —27. 53
ZAPAGNI....s2sc5ss sss eece eee 33 43 + 17.64 50 63 +26. 00
South A sees set Steet ee 6 8 + 33.33 12 16 +33. 33
Hast Reel scsscene ee eeee eee 81 99 — 16.66 135 144 + 6.66
Hast Cliiss .csccecccetececcce 135 162 — 63.93 196 184 — 6.12
Nota tooscasce eee see cee 6384 734 — 45.47 | 1,049 933 —11.05
Total, both islands. ...| 4,850 | 5,344 | +10.18
AGES OF BULLS.
The age at which a male fur seal is full grown and the old-age
limit are very important problems which are as yet only partially
solved. It is known definitely that the breeding age is not reached
in six years. And if the size at this age is any indication of the
period of adolescence, full growth may not be reached until about
the tenth year. This remains to be determined in the future from
branded animals.
The maximum age is not certainly known, but has been estimated
at from 15 to 20 years. The number of breeding years, however, is
known positively to be as many as five, but not certainly any more.
Probably the period is shorter when a large number of bulls makes
incessant fighting a necessity than when they are few and lead a
comparatively quiet existence.
The minimum breeding limit of five years has been assumed in
1918 on account of new information which has been obtained. Ac-
cordingly, 20 per cent has been deducted for annual old-age loss to
the classes of bulls.
YEARLINGS.
Permission was asked for and granted on August 7 for the killin
of 10 yearling males in order to € able to add to the meager stoc
of knowledge of this class. Owing to their rarity on the hauling
grounds at that time of year, great difficulty was encountered in
FUR-SEAL CENSUS, PRIBILOF ISLANDS, 1918. 18%
finding the desired number. A drive from Zapadni August 8 yielded.
4. On August 9 and 10 none was found on Polovina, Lukanin,
Kitovi, Tolstoi, or Reef. Two more were secured on Zapadni on
the latter date, making 6 altogether. Subsequent examination of
the skulls of 4 more, thought to be yearlings when killed, proved
them to be 2-year-olds. This study of the skulls bas not as yet been
completed, but is expected to yield valuable data on the growth
of fur seals.
The information secured from the 6 undoubted yearlings follows:
Data ON YEARLING SEALSKINS.
Skin
« Carcass
Tag No. Date. Length. weight.
weight.
Lbs. Oz. | Inches. Lbs. Oz.
4 12
Je eee e en Benn Gon FOO e eS Oe DSSRO OSE CORO SECC SOE SCEDSUOBE Aug. 8..| 30 6 35. 25
INTER = cacc asc He Seca See doo Gane © Seen pecan Seee ua siooe oe ene do....} 28 35. 00 2 5
BS OARG ase a= Steen ecisncis ose oie ee cniiesicicani asec acissaeee's|'</eia do-221) 30 6 35. 50 4
INCAS S SSR ROSAS Ho SsIge SOLE Pee ae Se SBS soe = see ee obecoce aoe doe e|eeios 12 36. 00 4 14
JA To )3 3 AGE Bega e See ce do ceee CaE BSB AL SOR CBO SC OCS Sensor ned Aug. 10-| 30 14 34.25 | Not taken.
AN GAN SS sO Be eee Shc Sb do odessa ne BOSE DOORS EERE ES pena SSeBCee see do....| 33 10 34, 25 Do.
ADOLESCENT SEALS.
The numbers of animals estimated for each age class is taken up
in the statement of complete census following. These are found
from the counts and estimates of 1917 by deducting 35 per cent for
natural mortality the first year, 20 per cent the second, and 4 per
cent the third. Also all animals killed for their skins have been
deducted from their proper classes. This includes all killings from
August 11, 1917, to August 10, 1918, the sealing year. The totals
represent those supposed to be alive on the latter date.
COMPLETE CENSUS OF FUR SEALS AS OF AUGUST 10, 1918.
Pups; ‘counted, and estimated... . /.22s2essesr Ree aR oteate Lie! acdenne 142, 915
Breeding cows, 3 years old and over, by inference...........-------+-------- 142, 915
[8 Evmeieaee oy ell iSh GOV Pn an 6.6 [ee ee a a ee eee ee ee ee een eee 5, 344
URS 1 PAPI R TI ee EI pe dn ete tag tie ns See Nd le Speier 2,444
Yearlings, male and female, estimated:
eben OmnneE Lely eee a eee NG Oe Ot a oe 128, 024
35 per cent deducted for natural mortality.........--.-------- 44, 808
Yearlings, both sexes, beginning 1918. ...........--..-.-.....- 83, 216
Riemsnics ou pen Celt. 2. tess ae eee Ske eee cet Sete 41, 608
= A608
Maker heoinning Of 1918... io. css ee0 coves csaacesdestscsseeses 41, 608
Pe aN OG LOL Gee sounns ke assed oodsesoeas dos dvdes ses se2453 13
ae A OSA OS cy. ores so 22222 Sooo secede se o3e caer ss deeesases. 41,595
2-year-olds, male and female, estimated:
Yearling females Aug. 10, 1917...............---- sosoesasdsee 38, 018
20 per cent deducted for natural mortality... .........--.---- 7, 603
2-year-o1a semales) Anim. 10, TOUS)... ses asace seags ese SOURS 30, 415
Peoria minies, Arig. 100 89E (6c. 2= 3 -+--=5255528evav anes 38, 013
emieetictiloss tall OF TOU eres 2. 5 <2 ow nes aoa beanwads-e 1
NEOUS Ted 22 O05 TIN I ise a 2 oe 38, 012
20 per cent deducted for natural mortality.................-.. 7, 602
2-year-old males beginning of 1918............--..---.------- 30, 410
2-vear-old males kalledeaisen. =22.0...02255. 8 go een oe ec we 251
2-VeRe-Gle) Minlem Ammen LOLS. -0: ceo sant owls ts ne ons cess 30, 159
128 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1918.
3-year-old males, estimated:
2-year-old males) Augs10) SIOIg Ai: oii. nS oe oo eee eae 26, 815
2-year-old males killed fall 1917..........-- legion See See eee 179
2-year-old males end of 1917.......-. SPOT SNL LF ie 82 26, 636
4 per cent deducted for natural mortality.....-............... 1, 065
3-year-old males beginning of 1918............-.....-...-.... 25, 571
3-year-old‘males killed’in’ 1918>.. 20. 2/0 L024. SPO 16, 454
3-year-old "males Alig Way totaus 2 2. nio 7s = eee ee eee eee 9,117
4-year-old males, estimated:
3-year-old males Aug. 10, 1917_......0.2. 22.05.2220; /222--2.-- 19,507
3-year-old mates: Killed: fall. 1907 czeuees. sc cd2ce 5 eset. | TOy:
4-year-old males beginning 1918.............-..-..-.....----- 18, 300
4-year-old males killed in 1918......5.-..-0..4.02.02 2. -.5.22- 11, 186
4-yent aah maven Ani. LN /TOS: - 25. 2s. 4.287. eee ae ee 7,114
5-year-old males, estimated:
A-VEaI-OrU isles AUP TET Ott Lo Soares. ose toe eee eee 16, 631
4-year-old\males killed Mall 1997.32 .. 2 =. cc 2 eset oc ecto ee 396
5-year-old males beginning 1918...--.................2.------ 16, 235
5-year-old males "killed W918:02:. dei sicrss tes eee 4, 294
5-year-old males, Aug. 0LOwMOUS. . 54.3, cocoa Guts Haars Doc ecraeeseeee 11, 941
6-year-old males, estimated:
5-year-old-males Aug 10 1S fe s2 ee ee ee 14, 813
5-year-old males killed fall 1917.............. Ben dig =i a eyAes 30
6-year-old males: beginning 1918.7... 2-2. 224 4. cee dep seve 14, 783
6-year-old;maleg (knHed: 1918. 22222. 20.2203 129. a! gusting. 10. 2 1, 028
6-year-old males Aug. 10, 1918........--... LOS. 50 OST T RE 13, 755
Surplus bulls, counted and estimated:
Breeding bidllaam 1OU7 wit cet nae SB whe Nas oct. a a 7, 556
20 per cent deducted for old-age loss............--...-.......- 1,511
1917 bulla wemaining in 1918) Je poe sess cee a ee eee 6, 045
Breeamne ila td FOUGS To ces e a sete eee eee Bet. Peet eee 7, 788
1917 bulls remaining deducted.............-..--2..2....2.---- 6, 045
Increment of new bulls in 1918.--...2.22.2.5..005.2220. 22200. 1, 743
6-year-old malessin-J9V7. se. cce- p.¢ eseeveerse: sec). RES BSED: ¢ 15, 397
Surplus Das aa ty 2 treet ans ge ES Ee oo eee 8, 977
Total surplus bull stock for 1918-2272 2372: 22252022 Fee RPes 24, 374
20 per cent deducted for old-age loss..........--......2...2..- 4, 874
Remaining sarplus for W918. oo 2S 5. Sl ee ee 19, 500
7-year-olds and over killed in 1918.............-.--...-2--5-+ 647
} 18, 853
Increment of new breeding bulls for 1918 deducted............ 1, 743
Surplus bulls, Aug: LO A001 >t ee ne ce ee ae ee 17, 110
RECAPITULATION.
PHpe: ce = vide hss= hse oe Fao ose arian ade obliges Suininin nl OE Nesey ea 142, 915
GOWAN Stare Sapo oie crt oe te ee, See erie eens. <n ec ee 142, 915
Haren. Dullseeecrrcs 1 eon te Se ees = eine atone at eh eee tee 5, 344
idipiitllay. 2327352 ak 5. DAS eee eee ee eo Re eee ea 2, 444
Yearling females? -c. 2:22. 22-ssh-4----------eetperies .clecrst. bea olaer 2 41, 608
Vearlino niqlest) 7 28 <<a as eyes - oe acmicine mcdide yh: ith. Bolerees ext 41, 595
2-year-old females.........-.,-0125-—- <= i, foarte ab aoe Dad ag ely Soe 30, 415
2-yearvld malesias 2.0.52 52.2. F2. soe cena nee Sa eh Sent ee ee 30, 159
S-year-old males... 10s senses Aiden SRI He te RULE BOE RST 9, 117
4-year-old Males. 52.042 1- 26 - b aces sos sets Pode seen es 46+ US, eT BA 7,114
5-year-old Inales... 063.00 so0ss sora naagae dagen z's sxe Lee nO Jee) Se 11, 941
CCR OD AIT Ca ors ate <= t's 3 ses ee ee ee SE ee eee a aoe 13, 755
Sra Oe aod oo ask Eat a nS ate 8 Rat eae oes Se ee 17, 110
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON IN
PUGET SOUND AND FRASER RIVER
By HENRY O’MALLEY
Field Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries
In Charge of Operations on the Pacific Coast
and
WILLIS H. RIcH
Field Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries
Appendix VIII to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
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CONTENTS.
NiO Ct Ones ene ah terete een tee tai fas Neg ees RIP Enmore avs: nice era oiayer eis ale
IESECHECR A ERE Pes 6 ore, IR ae cor fen ies ree i NER Da cia eats Sire isa
ApS EA CIL A EhACHINOM Tc sesame tty ee aoe, Ae eee Re oe Se
Makan rata tions eae merase toy oe RN ise eae Se aa sho A ots eka
Callection-and organization Of Galtier. s32a522 sees See seen eee eae
Puraiiine Aen Gil Abate aan ee as Art en See SE oe Sere
SPER CEAP LOALAILER oon a rer so ee ne ae res eta eta Bh ea Nee ee
EReen ACC GIsreUUNTM. rer ae ae Se eee neem oe Leak On eA See ae
Detailed study of returns from the commercial fishing districts... ....-..-
Routes taken by Fraser River sockeyes through Puget Sound...-..----
RAR GC OT PENAL IOW) 3 522 Sao sho ye a OOS ape n ekree heme Se ee ars et oe
Returns from tributary streams and the Fraser River above Mission Bridge. -
SSMEAIHREW ES aioe a Se Shin ort Reet acieyci a of Siaie © Schnee Sere EEK oS SRE SEE See ce eee
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U. S. B. F.—Doc. 873. PLATE 1
BGs
FiGe2:
FIG. 3.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON IN PUGET
SOUND AND FRASER RIVER.
By Henry O’Matiey, Field Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, in Charge of
Operations on the Pacific Coast,
and
Wuus H. Ricu, Field Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
INTRODUCTION.
During the American-Canadian Fisheries Conference on the Pacific
coast, in April and May, 1918, the question was constantly raised
as to the time required for the sockeye salmon of Fraser River to pass
through Puget Sound.
In order to determine this important question, Dr. Hugh M. Smith,
United States Commissioner of Fisheries, and W. A. Found, superin-
tendent of the Canadian fisheries, decided to carry out an extensive
marking experiment. Early in July the authors were detailed to
take immediate charge for the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, and to
confer with Lieut. Col. F. H. Cunningham, acting for the Canadian
Government. The final arrangements were that the Canadian
fisheries authorities would handle the marking operations in Canadian
waters, the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries the marking operations in
Puget Sound, and that each Government would attend to the col-
lecting of data in its respective waters.
The authors are especially indebted to H. J. Todd & Sons; E. B.
Deming, Pacific American Fisheries; W. A. Lowman, Coast Fish Co.;
Frank Wright, Carlisle Packing Co.; and J. W. Elliott, Alaska Packers
Association. Without the cooperation of these men and the members
of their respective organizations it would have been impossible to have
successfully conducted this experiment. L. H. Darwin, Washington
State fish commissioner, and his deputies also rendered valuable
assistance. Many helpful suggestions were received from Dr, Charles
H. Gilbert, of Stanford University.
PROCEDURE.
TAGS AND THEIR ATTACHMENT.
The method adopted for procuring the desired data was to mark,
with serially numbered tags, enough adult sockeye salmon so that a
sufficient number of returns could reasonably be expected. After
consideration of several types of tags the one finally accepted was of
the “bachelor-button”’ type, similar to those in use for marking cattle
5
6 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON,
and other live stock. This button comes in two separate halves, each
with a hollow central extension which forms the shaft of the com-
plete button. The shaft of one half of the button is small enough
to pass through the shaft and long enough to extend slightly beyond
the face of the other half. When placed together in the proper
position the two halves are fastened by means of a special crimping
tool. This is built on the general plan of a pair of pliers; but the
jaws meet only toward the tips, at which points are conical elevations.
By fitting these elevations into the open ends of the shaft and closing
the tool firmly, the end of the smaller inner shaft is spread sufficiently
to prevent its being pulled back through the outer shaft.
he buttons were made of either silver or aluminum. Some fear
was entertained that the aluminum might corrode in the salt water
sufficiently to make it difficult or impossible to read the numbers,
but in this experiment there was absolutely no difficulty on this
account. No corrosion is noticeable on any of the buttons returned,
although some of them must have been three or four weeks in prac-
tically pure salt water. This is contrary to the experience of Greene,#
who found that salt water had astrongly corrosive action on aluminum
buttons of similar style. This may have been due to some slight
difference in the alloy of which the buttons were made.
The buttons were attached to the upper lobe of the caudal (tail)
fin. It was first necessary to cut a hole of the proper size to admit
the shaft of the button. This was done by means of an ordinary
leather punch. Figures 1 to 4, Plate I, show, in situ, both sides of two
buttons which were returned.
The operation of attaching the tags required, usually, less than
one minute, and no particularly ata an tite results of tagging were
noticed. At some of the stations where the marking was done the
fish were held in crates until after the marking for the day was com-
plete, and it was noticed that they soon recovered from the effects
of being out of water while the tags were being attached and were
apparently in perfect condition when liberated.
Reports that the tags were “‘worrying”’ the fish and causing them
to wear their tails in an effort to remove the tags were investigated
and found to be quite unfounded. Tails of several fish have been
preserved and show no indication of such wearing as had been
asserted. Figures 1 and 2, Plate I, are from such a specimen.
The fish to be marked were taken from the traps at the time of
lifting and were held either in crates or in one of the pockets of the
spiller until they could be marked and released.
MARKING STATIONS.
Marking stations were established at five points in Puget Sound,
as follows: Near Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Salmon
Banks, just south of San Juan Archipelago; near Point Partridge,
Whidby Island; near Village Point, Lummi Island; and at the last
trap in American waters on Point Roberts. For convenience these
have been designated in the following pages as stations A, B, C, D,
and E, respectively.
a Greene, Charles W.: The migration of salmon in the Columbia River. Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of
Fisheries for 1909, Vol. X XIX, pp. 129-148. Washington, 1911.
GIE/
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MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. a
The work at these stations was in charge of the following men:
A. Sooke, British Columbia—
W. H. Rich, field assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. (July 14 to 23.)
Dr. C. McLean Fraser, director of the biological station, Nanaimo, British Co-
lumbia. (July 23 to the end of the season.)
Alex. Robertson, superintendent, Harrison Lake hatchery, Dominion fisheries
department.
. Salmon Banks—
Walter C. Buckmaster, apprentice fish-culturist, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
‘. Point Partridge—
Clive L. Henry, apprentice fish-culturist, U. 8. Bureau of Fisheries.
D. Lummi Island—
Don E. Courser, apprentice fish-culturist, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
E. Point Roberts—
Joseph Kemmerich, foreman, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
The last four of these stations were under the general supervision
of Dennis Winn, field superintendent, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries.
ey |s2,
COLLECTION AND ORGANIZATION OF DATA,
In the collection of data reliance was necessarily placed in fisher-
men, trap tenders, and cannery men. A reward of 25 cents was
offered for the return of each button accompanied by mformation
giving the date and place of capture. Specimens taken i American -
waters were taken care of by Dennis Winn, at the Seattle office of the
U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, and those taken in Canadian waters by
Col. Cunningham, at the office of the Dominion fisheries department
at New Westminster, British Columbia. One of the tags reported
from the upper regions of the Fraser River was secured by J. P.
Babcock, assistant to the commissioner of fisheries for the Province
of British Columbia.
While the majority of these records are considered approximately
correct, data secured in this manner are necessarily subject to some
inaccuracies, both as to time and place of capture. In the authors’
opinion, however, these inaccuracies will be balanced so that with
reasonably large series the averages should be reliable. In cases
where the data were obviously wrong the records have been omitted.
This has been done in several instances where the date given for the
capture was earlier than that on which the fish was recorded as hav-
ing been marked. A number of tags were returned with incomplete
data, either the date or the place of capture, or both, wanting. All
such cases have been emitted entirely from consideration.
For the convenient organization of the data the American waters
of the Sound from which returns were reported have been divided
into nine regions. Several factors guided in establishing the boun-
daries of these regions: (1) The general geography of the district, (2)
the grouping of traps, and (3) the nature of the descriptions giving
the locality where the tags were recovered. These last frequently
indicated merely the general region in which the tag was taken, 1. e.,
Rosario Strait. The boundaries of these regions, as well as the loca-
tion of the marking stations, are shown on the accompanying map.
All of the records reported from the Canadian waters which are open
to commercial fishing have been treated together. For this reason
that part of the Strait of Georgia just outside the mouths of the
Fraser River and the river itself, from the mouth to Mission Bridge,
together constitute the tenth region. The reasons for so treating the
Canadian returns are given on pages 26 and 27.
8 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
STATISTICAL STUDY OF DATA.
GENERAL FEATURES.
In the following study the chief concern is with what is believed
to be a strict and reasonably complete presentation of the facts.
There has been no attempt to draw conclusions regarding the bear-
ing of these facts upon the particular problems connected with the
conservation of the sockeyes of the Fraser River. Some of the tables
present similar data as seen from different points of view. This has,
perhaps, been carried to an extreme in order that all obtainable facts
might be available. Other tables are presented rather as matters of
record than as having any especial bearing on the main problems in
hand. For the most part such tables are presented without detailed
comment.
RAW DATA.
Table 1 gives for each marking station the numbers of the tags
attached each day. As noted in fe table, silver tags were used ae
at Sooke (station A). At all other stations aluminum tags were
used, and the first few tags used at Sooke were also of aluminum,
numbers 5 to 29, inclusive.
TABLE 1.—List or Tac NuMBERS ATTACHED AT EAcH MARKING STATION.
STATION A, SOOKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA.a
Numbers. Numbers. ‘
Date. a Date. Total.
From—| To— From— | To—
a Tag Nos. 5 to 29, attached at station A, and the tags used at all other stations were aluminum.
With the exception of those noted, all tags attached at station A were of silver. j
» This is the official list as given by the assistant having charge of the marking at this station. The rec-
ords for Aug. 6 and subsequent dates are subject to suspicion on account of an admitted lack of veracity
in the accounts. Previous to this date Dennis Winn was present at the markings.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 9
TABLE 1.—List or Tac NumMBERS ATTACHED AT EAcH Marxine STaTiIoNn—Contd.
STATION D, LUMMI ISLAND, WASH.
Numbers. Numbers.
—= Date Total. Date Total
From—| To— From—| To—
1918. 1918
2001 20851, JulyplO: ee. socctalle ss 85 2478 BOSAL Oticetelec So. sc tiocee 78
2086 Py Aad GJ hy 5 a ie ee Se 92 2556 2019) PAU GE. osib- 3.55. acc ee 94
2178 PR Tet SULLY) ae ctl eece cies Cane 74 2650 DOO WAT Bes tena poectehoe 41
2252 DEVAN, JULY) 28s etces daos = locas 63 2691 BOC. AUS, Oeicethas~-cecistane 47
2315 2360) | Sully BO sec cee aes 46
2361 PRCT AUP One 2 somes acne Ocess 56 PT OGAIE ae eine a teteyeinie eect bse lees oie 737
2417 DANE | AUREL $n cet ba Sows eee 61
1918. 1918
4001 A095) SULY 29-. seieieo ge wn otteinic's 95 4819 BSS4 AUB ST ocmpineds< sc aiesce 16
4096 42165: | July 26. Ss 823. = ob... 70 4835 A952 AUG See ocoss es cace ser 118
4166 4258) | Duly; 20° 422. 2 - sec ricmine 93 30 Bon AU RAND cee ene see 56
4259 AS 2) SULY, BO sansa ne. tose 114 86 OT AURSIG Ss oc ce on5-aeinc ee 12
4373 HAGE W SUL Ble oseiege tes » oases 122 98 420!) Aug. 192 S252.) ek eee | 23
4495 4583) | AUP. Be wie sods cen cibice 39 121 FONG) AUG 20 sits e crises 31
4534 A630) | ANE. 2s scm cat = teece- 97 152 167 [PAUSE QE ew toss, ces =- 16
4631 ATES) | AWE. Gc sciscececae xe oe ce 113
4744 ARIS) (PAUL Oe cis on aire irises 75 DR OvAal ree ole ste ie een ieee 1,090
Table 2 gives in serial order for each station a complete list of the
tags returned, showing the station where and the date on which the
tags were attached, the date and region of capture, and the number
of days enroute. Tables 1 and 2 contain the raw data from which
all of the subsequent tables were constructed.
TABLE 2.—List or Tacs RETURNED.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION A, SOOKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Date Date Region Days Date Date Region | Days
Tag No. fish fish re- where en Tag No. fish fish re- where en
marked.| caught. | taken. route. marked. | caught. | taken. route.
1918. 1918. 1918. 1918.
Teta de eh 5 July 14 | July 19 2 St 1962 255.-2 July 22 | July 23 1 1
1b. eee July 21 | July 23 9 2 || 1368.....-. July 23 | July 30 10 7
| eee 2200552 =| AUR OL 8 pS) hy) eee eS do -| July 31 10 8
WGbies 5.3 do.....| Aug. 26 (a) 36 || 1390...... July 24] July 29 6 5
fone oo do.....| Aug. 1 (b) rie] | eC” aa July 25]|...do..... 9 4
+) See be .do.....| July 24 7 3 p8405—..5.. 2] 22 do.. July 28 1 3
piesa | 0G) -| July 25 9 4 |) 1407......|.-- do.. Aug. 4 1 10
7 SOOO eee do. <5: July 23 2 Bile Seaeis cin tens do.. July 30 8 5
yf fe Se dGs:<2 5 July 25 1 4 || 1449...... July 27} Aug. 1 10 5
Eee ee do.....| July 24 2 eile |e do.....| July 30 1 3
We cassesfeas do.....| July 31 6 10}))1463:.".;.--|2-2d0:.-.-|/ RUE. ce 6 6
1508 305 o-t == do.....| July 25 2 Oa ra ee do=--2. uly 31 9 4
152) eee ae do.....| July 26 2 5 || 1468......].-- do.....| July 30 6 3
115 5 2 ia Sa ae do.....| July 23 1 i F458. . W512 -8 do.....| Aug. 3 7 7
1835). 5524432 do.....| July 24 2 Oi tate ~~~] 08 do.....| Aug. 5 7 9
1339-2 21St do.32--|2= eee 2 a 14st. 3. 2 do.....| July 29 6 2
13422 5 RS do.. July 28 9 Wit 1486. -.25-[3 2 do.....| July 31 6 4
Jabs < ..:3)- July 22 |...do..-.. 2 Oh 1905. 2-5-1 do.....; Aug. 1 (c) 5
18 ee oes do.....| July 26 10 7g | De a d0:-52% Aug. 6 6 10
1850! =. --|: 2 do.....| July 30 10 | Ce | Gb: ise: July 28| (4) 1
@ Hell’s Gate, 80 miles above Mission, Fraser River. ¢ No Point ae, CenereryeD Island.
b Yale, 60 miles above Mission, Fraser River. ¢ Beachy trap, Vancouver Island.
10 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TasLe 2.—List or Tacs RetuRNED—Continued.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION A, SOOKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA—Continued.
Date Date Region Days Date Date Region | Days
Tag No. fish fish re- | where en Tag No. fish fish re- | where en
marked. |} caught. | taken. route. marked.| caught. | taken. | route.
1918. 1918. 1918.
Aug. 4 7 Si 962s see July 31} Aug. 12 uf 12
-| Sept. 14 (a) 49 || 179%e «..'..--|<-- do.....| Aug. 7 8 7
.| July 30 6 31) ORE Seo. do.....] Aug. 18 8 18
-| Aug. 5 7 9 || 1806....- -do.....} Aug. 13 8 13
7 3 || 18l4...- -do.....| Aug. 6 6 6
6 LC TSR =do.....| Aug. 45 7 5
1 TO Pa See ee dOree 5 laa do-..2- 8 5
(b) 4/)) 181825224) ce Cc (ee Te) 8 6
7 uf |Wabspale se ess) eee dos.<4.| Aug: 55 6 5
9 267 S88 see nee Aug. 1] Aug. 9 10 8
6 Aa RAO ees oo lacs do.....| Aug. 4 7 3
6 1 | fet SY sR pga does. 2: Aug. 6 2 5
10 Sa) 8445S — |S. dos Aur. 8 6
8 Ue | ee GES Be dGse---] Ae. D 7 4
6 PON ES52 ccc | nee do.....| Aug. 4 1 3
7 MA Wa hi Se do.....| Aug. 6 6 5
8 | |E88D 122 2] 22 do.....] Aug. 4 2 3
6 Bn | 2S (eee eer dora.2| Aug. 4 6 4
10 5)|| £87042 -<--) 2-2 do... -do.- she 7 4
4 21) T87Bid <2 2 = she < doze: | Aug.2 07 7 6
8 8 |] 1889......|.-- do.....} Aug. 5 8 4
7 S| 190s. 5. Aug. 2| Aug. 6 6 4
2 7 | 1902-4 .-..2]==2d0:..--| Aug... -8 10 6
(¢) 2 WN tO0S ease sets au do.....| Aug. 7 9 5
7 TA ROOde Semele do.....| Aug. 6 8 4
(c) 2i\| 1905 saeeee ose 0-225: Aug. 7 8 5
(c) Pl (SRG eee do.....| Aug. 5 7 3
9 Hi A9202 Foe abes do.....| Aug. 13 9 ll
6 2 [}-1929 2 -.- |= do... do... 2 2
(c) Qi] 1935253222). -2 do.....| Aug. 8 7 6
8 00H ss ee oe do.....| Aug. 4 1 2
7 TOM |TO5S ene cesle ne (aaa ils \i Brae 7 4
6 6 411964 Ss cece e- do.....| Aug. 5 (c) 2
1 1 CR Bee doz... .-].--00=.. 2 3
2 tT APAGODE LO.) S25 do.....| Aug. 2 7 1
1 Vt 1996 oecss|e do_--..) Aug. 4 7 2
nae 3) 9 O11) 2004 cece .|--- do.....| Aug. 8 8 6
5 9 6.}] 2015.t52..}--- do.....| Aug. 6 6 4
asl 9 2al} 2018. S285 -|-=- do.....| Aug. 12 10 10
ub 8 5. ||) 2024-65 -fo=- doz. <x Aug. 6 6 4
3 7 Sil) 2020-2 2es -| 22 do:---.| Aug:. 7 7 5
Aug. 18 10 18 3} 2032 Ses 2lon= do.....| Aug. 9 8 7
Aug. 4 2 5} 2050 sacs Aug. 4] Aug. 8 8 4
Aug. 8 tf 8 POS. [dod do.....| Sept. 6 10 33
Aug. 14 8 44): 207) ..- 2 dou. . Aug. 7 7 3
Aug. 5 8 Bill 27waeeeees|e=- do.....| Aug. 11 9 7
Aug. 6 7 6 || 2074......]... do-..--|FAUp. “7 1 3
Aug. 4 7 za | ab, ae el | do... do... 2 3
Aug. 11 7 TAG RAST. ccmee| see do.....| Aug. 8 8 4
Aug. 9 10 OH] 2100.......]2-% do.....| Aug. 9 8 5
Aug. 11 7 Webel) 2108. =. Aug. 6]..-do... 8 3
Aug. 16 8 VGil| Zl. =.=. -|5-2 do...5-|2-sd028 7 3
Aug. 5 6 Gel) 216-55 -- |... do.....| Aug. 11 7 5
Aug. 18 10 18
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION B, SALMON BANKS, WASH.
1918. 1918. 1918. 1918.
BOO iicin= 507s July 21} July 26 10 5 || 3052...... July 22 | July 23 2 1
3089 s2<:</.=|228 Goreee July 29 1 8 || 3 Secccls-pOOs ce. -|fULVe ed 2 2
A) ee be d0:.:...|3 00m 1 8s] 3062......|56 do....| July 25 8 3
3 AS Gee dos. July 24 9 34|| 8070...... July +--dOs¢ 1 2
Cy” ear a do: July 25 10 Bill 30%... - «. {2.8 do. July 24 1 2
3028...... July 22} July 24 2 Dall BIO. ...--|2 55 do....| July 25 1 2
S0R6. S828 |) ae Gon 22 ug. 6 7 15 || 3086......)... do....| July 27 10 4
3087. asean|t< do.. July 24 2 2 || 3087......|...do....| July 26 6 3
3039); Beste 2 GO-.=-|sn Onna 1 DkSUSS wottoe ola s do....| July 25 9 2
3040. 2. Janay do....| July 25 2 SAP SUSI. = SLs do....| July 26 2 3
3042.52 55/08 do....| July 29 8 7 | BOOBs e% Meee do.ced}ei8 dered: 9 3
3050. sasealeee O....| July 24 9 ZOO eieic\e se | es do....| July 25 9 2
aSamaquam, Lillooet River, 25 miles above Harrison Lake, 90 miles above Mission.
>No Point trap, Vancouver Tsland.
c Beachy trap, Vancouver Island.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TaBLE 2.—List or Taas ReturNep—Continued.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION B, SALMON BANKS, WASH.—
Continued.
11
Date Date Region Days
Tag No. fish fish re- | where en Tag No.
marked. | caught. | taken. route.
18
19 1918.
S104. 2225: J ny
23 | July 28 10
-| July 29 10
July 24 1
.| July 26 1
-| July 25 2
.| July 26 10
-| July 24 1
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S282 2 = eel sae do....| July 29
3288......|-.-d0....| July 28
3290......|...do....| July 29
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3290922222), 2-dols. | Aug... 18
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8322 <<ssche< do....| July 30 10
Date Date
fish fish re-
marked. | caught.
1918. 1918.
any 26 | July 29
do....| July 30
do....| Aug. 13
oes July 29
do....| Aug. 6 |
do....| Aug. 30
do: :... Awe.
v2 Co eee be 2 dos2<.
do: . 2 ATES,
doz veleee dove.
do....jAuge al
Oz: 2 |Eeedteas
do....| Aug. 5
Os... |-Aneeee
do:. Anes
do....|] Aug. 4
do....| Aug. 2
do....| Aug. 6
Region
where
taken.
id
—
_ = he
_
_
DBOANINOODN EEK OOOH ORDDHOONND OM HMM ITONNTAININANMDHOODHORDOOODMDOORMROOSOOOFOF
mOONICON NOR Os
a Four miles above Pitt Lake, 30 miles from Fraser River, 50 miles from ocean.
b Soda Creek, 280 miles above Mission.
¢ Devil’s Run, 10 miles above Mission.
@ Four Mile Creek, Pitt River, 30 miles above Fraser River, 50 miles from ocean.
¢ Hagenson Slough, 30 miles above Fraser, 50 miles from ocean.
i]
_
AW PAN WHEWNRERANADNWRWHNNATIN NCHRP RR RN N RRR ROO RAN WWWNOIWEWOeORWNOIWW
=
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12
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TasBLE 2.—List or Tacs RetuRNED—Continued.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION B, SALMON BANKS, WASH.—Continued.
Date Date
Tag No. fish fish re-
marked. | caught.
1918. 1918.
S50 ees Aug. 1] Aug. 2
3502... ... 5. =d0--. .| [Aggro
3008% 2-222 52nd. 05-1); AUS sy 2
S510 eeeees ..-do....| Aug. 12a
3513... .2. Jae dOe< 5 || Aug. 4:
5 eee 5500 /na\s.<|| Anes 2
ai) (ee £3200 ss'5.<| PAUP TD
302222: 22 iedo.2.-] Aug.) 2
By eee WG Osters =| ar Goss.
S524 cack 200. =. -|)pAlg.; 5
3526. - a-d0s2. 2 Aug. >. 2
3527. . ssedOsa~ =| Ate 4
S028 52 see [eee dOsn- 2: AUIS TG
S0202 sts eae do....| Aug. 4
Bae Saeed Hee do...-| Aug. 5
3537-5 522-|2-600-- =|) Aue 2
3548 bs 4. |SScdot ee) Auga yo
3044 ase se dors =lendou te
Boe eee) te dos: --| Auge: 2
Bodie cakes do...-} Aug. 5
35482 2. -2:]/5..d0--.-| Auge 3
3000-25 -4..see do....| Aug. 4
S5d). = 5 sec1).20052-4| AUP 2
BOI2 ae esol sae do....| Aug. 4
posi aoase hee do....| Aug. 7
350454 255 eee do....| Aug. 4
ODD cece see GO sen alsee dO cee
SODG Se 2255 | teed Oser.< PAUL aD
B5base nel eedocsee| Amel
S625 oes] sae do...-}| Aug. 2
BE Bereeioe bee do.. Aug. 1
3574.0. oo |43 2d0- scl Amp
SH eeaoael pet. Oocne boc We cise
SDIB= cece seeOO sess] PAIRS e 2
BO ee eee a See dOn se. t| PAUP Ee
.| Aug. 6
=| ZefaOneee
Aug. 12
do... -| Augs 5
BOST As oe Hee GOs se =| PAUSE. 2
BOSS ac = Need. cc] PRUE Sho
SECU Sear bes do....| Aug. 7
Bb04. 2 ee bedo 2s. -) Ane 6
Sit eres uiete Co regene| bos oF a2
3605-..... Aug. 2] Aug. 5
3006°— 5-2 -|5¢ 002-2. s-ed0rre
3610... .-|)2-do.-. -| Aug. 14
361322 edore 22] Aueais
BOUTS = oe eee OO ese Aura 4
361952 225 | edose. 4) PAug aS
3624-2 2. iedor2= 21 tdorte
7
4
7
3625... 2. [2a2do0-.. -| Aug:
3680. 2.2 2|! dos. .._| Atugs
36822 ose Ose eal. -edOrere
3088 cieiesos EedOn oa. | AME:
3634.-.-.. 5 2dO0s2<|5eb00n
Bie earree Pndons.-| Avg
BOS es <1 = .-do....| Aug. 14
S6a0e Ses Pe doe: = -Augel7
3642... 5. 1bsedOx.. | PANIC aro
BO4B =< acne Ps (Sel Peme Cas Ae
B644 22 eee dO ates [o> OOne
OAD wietwlae E-EdOzeec|4 2-00
BBI8 eo. eno] 5. 600s os +| se tdOs=
SO0B= 5... Bi lieed pees ae
Shake. <.- 5 .-00.~- «| AEG
OO2e oe 2 . -do. 2 edars
3663 ..--.. . -do. Aug. 7
B06fe. = == Aug. 4] Aug. 5
36702 - se |soedo- Aug. 10
Region
where
taken.
—
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BAA oeed iedos =o.
BAD oe cose seen
S144 ccc acedOs...
BAB eee occ tee dOn ata
WMA cee ce aloo dos.--
$7152 eos Sa Sed Oe ae
BG) ae ae Ee AG eae
5 eee ees Ce ere
Bf (See Hees eae
3760......| Aug. 5
RY (i) eee ee dose.
Be eee Gee seas
DUES cas cotote do--=-
Bionic crete cance
Si Ss ber tee
BUtS'ssakoel ec cOdOnee
BT aR ees Hen dosaece
S780. 2 aoa cl sen GOs ace
Wee costes edO.. cis
WSO va acs eee OUie as
57K, DSR peee bond Oaese
SMe eee pe tOOsicic
SIOZ. mis\es alate Gozcas
S794 0025200 ese
8 (ae baa sO sane
hy Peeseael eee sc ae
3800). Scslee nde. =
3801.....- Aug. 7
8805 2. notes pO en om
S806. 5 <sa+|s> eOOee a
SOOT =< <renie|l saptkOrerere
MB12 -< oso ete eOO mens
SU eee ba] do sacs
BLO cic 522] 4 ee Omics
BRO Eo e'na|5- HO seine
eee eet Pee dOnens
52) See Bee SEE
3125 7 Ree Bees FOS SRE
No.
a
_
SCOEOCNOEAINOMNOCAWO"30HDNH OCWBDWDWDOXONN®D
i
‘
ho
is
os
a
a
a
[=|
aq
“TOMO O' AUBOMRW!
e
.| Aug. 184
Sept. 20
Aug. 7
Aug. 10 |
Aug. 8
FaedO sons
Aug. 7
Aug. 6
Aug. 8
Aug. 9
Aug. 12
Aug. 18
Aug. 12
Aug. 10
PEs,
Aug. 9
Aug. 11
Sept. 3
Aug. 14
Aug. 12
Aug. 13
(¢@)
CSCONAINT10OOMD OD OAIAIDONOKM AH ONO DON AI-IN OD
_
(9)
— td
MOOCSCH MWMAIWDONOO
Aug. 10
rs
WwwWwaunwnwhrd
Date Date Region
fish fish re- | where
marked.| caught. | taken.
1918. 1918.
do....| Aug. 4
be a reps (ee as Ga)
=|52sGO)... --|2 2 GOrees
a| aie ROO =~ =.5| eee
send - . .| LATE 20 1
£20... -|| AUS aaa
wana | nate dorus.
5-2 Gone
do... :| Avg*I18
Sept. 17 (a)
.. 200. -...| Aug14
ERGO. <5.| eo
= Teer 2
ug.
Aug.
ee ns
NWWNORFNENNOK ES
_
CO Te DD CO DO tb bt GG Or Go Or OT
—
c=
EOWWOWATEWORNWWUONANFON FN RR w
_
iS)
J
rs
We Oost
a The record is Sept. 12, but this is possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 12, as tabulated.
b Fraser River, 5 miles above Yale, 60 miles above
Mission.
c Therecord is Sept. 17, but thisis possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 17, as tabulated.
d Birkenhead River, 25 miles above Lillooet Lake, 130 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
e The record is Sept. 9, but this is possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 9, as tabulated.
f Fraser River, 65 miles above Mission.
9 Four Mile Creek, Pitt River, 30 miles above Fraser River, 50 miles from ocean.
h Therecord is Sept. 18, but thisis possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 18, as tabulated.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TABLE 2.—List or TaGs REtTURNED—Continued.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION C, POINT PARTRIDGE, WASH.
Date
Tag No. fish
marked.
1918.
1001. July 17
1003. . mE eeOus
LOO) s ecde Es do. .
1011. ed Ore
1017.. “dObne
1018. . dob
10192 ~ scene dona
O23 oot errs Os er~
1030. . =sd0: <
LOSTe eEdOe.
1036... - endows
MOS etapa lero: do..
LO3S8o5 el Oerawe
DD Seog ee do..
10) eS July 19}.
1050. . 5 eOOsece
105225 pe Ooi
WoO ee a csele ocd Oe
1 Gy eee ates Coe
ii eens [See do...
0h eee fee d0ss=
INGA sae QecdOes
1 UBS eee 5 feo Ko ce
LOG Ge 224 2 200...
E06 Fey scctleecO Ones
ID75 = BeeG0. ook
1078. . Ses Fo
TOVO us soe eae dosi<
1080. . LAOS
LOSSES soles douse
1088. . See
LOGO Seal ete donee
1092. -do..
L004 Soe July 22
TOOB erro es GOL as
1104. ehlpesGOs crc
HOG 23 228 }e32 d0xe5
MOTs 262 esd Os as
1109. . Sees toe
LEDs See oss.
11 Eh eee as be ae
Are ate eee Ob cat
1128. . eedonese
1129. . 0 (ee
1130... pacGOsarc
TS Dore eo Ko pene |
DS hey ce eae Osc
DS8esescelece do..
HG DS ssh on. OOue
1156. . July 24
11 G7 eae ee G0. 52:
1's | a Va eae |
LA Reem Yaar (3 \Oreae |
1 GY ¢nee 3 |e Yo pean
1 UGE we eS dows
ta tensae pecs <ict
..| July 31
17} pa 3} | a Ce Pp tS Ca
1229. ...=.|-.-d0. .- 1] July 29
Date
fish re-
caught.
1918.
July 19
.| July 20
13
Region
where
taken.
Days
en
route,
—_
_
Be
OF SWOCTONOOF WCOrOOQnNnoNnN Coe NWON DK OCODADHON FE NDWDMAWDNWANNWDOODNNNWNNAOON HR ORF PF OmMORRAI
i)
=
CEST STO OO DNC CII OST RE SIC ON OO ONTO ST ENDS SIO OON WN RWW HERRON WWW W ROW RWW WNW HOW ROR WODWrawhy
_
to
—_ —
_
i"
Date Date
Tag No. fish fish re-
marked. | caught.
1918. 1918.
23) ees July 26} Aug. 5
12852 <. 522 |E-ed0s,. -2| July 30
W238 otne| se do....| July 29
IPR eee Hee do. ...| Aug. 18
a2 ee | pe do....| July 29
1 2 ee |e doz... 4) Aug.
1244......|..-do....| July 29
T2489) os otis |lasi= do..--| Aug. 6
1251.....-2/5.-do. .-.| July 29
P2642 Sessa igen do..-.| July 30
1269. .....|...do.---| July 31
WSs eiccdloee doscnd|PAuiee al
TOBE ciscica ne cdOn4| ely ee
TBO Fact ae dOs oon | PATI TS,
12905 <5. 2|--005.-.-2| duty 29
T2038 esos tea COs CAMP,
1296... .-2|-.-do- .-4| July” 30
TBO Mseenid| oe do....} Aug. 1
TORS ect |e do....| Aug. 5
IBOOEE. et Ras GOs | eaten a
TB1O eet | ya -COee oe | aye sO
TOUS seis | ew do..-.| July 28
UB Vian eave |e do....} Aug. 2
HS20 Siete | eis AO nin =e | US LE
13222/cc0e|%: ddO=1< Aug. 5
PB2B Roo eee do....| July 30
TS3052 sce |pee dote-4|==: dove
IBS Fe creck jean GOsace sek do. .
(Gy feecpes er GOsaas |e: do. .-
1344......]..-do...-| July 29
13465 ee 5-GOss cc] 2 2 do..
NBA Se |b oe dores-| Sado 422
185) Lee ae ae do. . Aug. 4
1I5SAbeeee |e cd se es} Angled
LSA ae | eed Os=
a Devil’s Run, 10 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
b Ebey’s Landing, below Point Partridge.
e Otter Point, Vancouver Island.
@ Therecordis Sept. 18, but thisis possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 18, as tabulated.
160695 °—20——26
(c)
—
“ISMWDOWRMWOWDODNDAMAEPWNOCWDOANDENINON KP WOODKONNINNAODOANHE HK DORM ACWHOWDONOWDONDONDWDOWMDDH WDAINWNWOSO
—
_
tS
—
ee bw
_
—s—'
_
_
KS PWONAPAMRAOWWW HE PE RPOANN EP NTOSROWWWRPWRWOAWWWRO
bes!
_
rm COR CIO COR NOR AOD NN RRR AI OTR QR oH
14 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TABLE 2.—List or Tacs RetTuRNED—Continued.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION C, POINT PARTRIDGE, WASH.—Continued.
Date Date Region Days Date Date Region | Days
Tag No fish fish re- | where en Tag No. fish fish re- | where en
marked.| caught. | taken. route marked. | caught. | taken. route
1918 1918. 1918. 1918.
THOS sce Aug. 9 | Aug. 13 9 4 || 1865......) Aug. 13 | Aug. 15 1 2
Lzte eee do....| Aug. 14 8 5 || 1867. .|..-do..-.] Aug. 19 7 6
1723. ..do....| Aug. 11 1 2 ..| Aug. 16 1 3
sip) ees a ae do....] Aug. 12 6 c .-| Aug. 22 9 9
Gees sel Pe dover ssa Gena. 7 3 -| Aug. 15 2 2
It epee ae Se do....| Aug. 22 9 13 Aug. 16 8 3
1736. Sdors 24 Aug 18 10 9 Aug. 15 8 2
1741. ---d0:..-| Aug. (9 2 1 Aug. 19 7 6
1743 | 2 -.51|5--d0- 224) Bugs 13 8 4 -| Aug. 15 2 2
1746. ---do....| Aug. 18 8 9 seed Ow 1 2
1749. s2-00.,=.2 4] Aug. 12 8 3 --do..-.| Aug. 16 3 3
17622 .2..2|.--d0. <. 4| Aug: 23 6 14 ; Aug. 19 7 5
1763. . pee Co eee (eb ep 8} 2 4 Oa= a ROOs a2 7 5
17682 222 ea does cdl pAtin st 9 5 Aug. 23 10 9
1769. .|..-do....| Aug. 13 8 4 Aug. 16 6 2
EG ci seere Aug. 13) Aug. 15 8 2 ajaeedon 2.4 2 2
o=-00-- = 4| AU ol 9 8 Sept. 3 10 19
Bre etoe tes do..-.}| Aug. 18 9 5 .| Aug. 19 7 5
.--do..-.| Aug. 13 2 1 -| Aug. 17 1 2
a dose Aug. 17 9 4 .| Aug. 16 2 3
25-00. Aug. 14 2 1 jesed Our 2 2
---do..-.| Aug. 19 8 3 Aug. 19 2 5
---do....| Aug. 14 2 1 Aug. 15 2 1
Reidos-. {| PAng 16 4 3 Aug. 20 8 6
= COe..- eee OOn ati 8 3 Aug. 15 2 1
a2-C05 cc) OUgs 1S 8 5 Aug. 25 10 ll
Joeee dl eae do....| Aug. 16 8 3 --| Aug. 16 2 2
1856- < <-.-|--do.- .3) Aug. 14 1 1
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION D, LUMMI ISLAND, WASH.
1918. 1918.
2002...-.-| July 19} July 30 9 11 8 3
2003 - - nedO:ese4 July 22 8 3 8 1
213 a..a| ido... dl oatageess 8 3 : =
2015 - Sede: «2: 1| ee do..... 8 3 10 Lf
2020 re 22 | Sedona | ee dore:: 10 3 8 1
Wola s..s4\ Lido: =. demon! 8 3 9 l
23S io eer pedo yesce July 23 9 4 10 21
DOD Ei aieroente| eae do:z-t2 Aug. 6 8 18 10 3
2038 imine! ole||aaeOOrae July 21 8 2 9 2
2039) sy- <selaeeGOssenc July 22 8 Drllealildics oes] see Olace July 24 8 1
2040 Sacioca| eee GOlenee July 25 9 Cia | ip Se bem Co SP Heer do: -.% 8 1
PAN EO bers (eee July 24 9 ai |) Pe Boas = do.....| July 31 8 8
2049 5 3.52 |es00s5-3 4] aecdOsee ne 8 BS itelaiiaccess| eeeGOece- el etily, et 8 1
Dales a Rido-ss A Aug. 9 8 A |e S lets cet July 24] Aug. 2 10 9
ZOD 2 i> oo er |aee do.....] July 22 8 Bil) Pasi ASS Se AoC aS July 25 9 1
W050 a'sren sel met Oseccalaw G0--25 7 Ba) | Hab ee ees Koen July 29 9 5
QOS T ccteosal ase Olea July 23 9 A W286 cc. ce e|eeeO--oee July 25 8 1
ZUG Weel ee Olenes July 22 8 3 || 2189......]... do-222 July 28 9 4
2063 <he254| ae dOrc=se July 24 8 De 52190. 2 sz eteedo.- 253 July 26 9 2
ZNO eraisiss asad Ozeeer July 22 8 S)||| PANTS RES SH lke eS Aug. 6 9 13
2009 wrainisera| soe Ose ae al On sne e 8 67770 es f= (eee Aug. 12 10 19
QOT2 tesa ee| see Osesae July 21 9 b Ail | 9 5 ae (es oe July 26 9 2
QUT Sisiaa val eeeOnsone July 24 8 99 || 7a ey ees (oe July 25 9 1
Wid asus goed Ose soa ene Gdranss 7 5 || 2221 ......]..-d0.... 2] July, 29 10 5
POLS Jara aol aes GO:2254 July 22 8 Bp ||baeeO\= =e al eeeOOsee ce July 26 9 2
ZOT9 sts 2 8) (22d O- seas eerdOeee ca 9 S|) 275i a | Pe -Cloeeee July 29 9 5
DOS D arcjar= se| gee dovesi2 July 23 9 Al 22382 . ...02}oeeQ0.-. 2 July 27 9 3
2084......|--.do.... | Aug. 16 (a) 2A) by? ete IP ars Co ee July 28 9 4
2088-..... July 23] July 26 8 Bd) PP Ay RE R= fa Coe July 29 10 5
ZOO aro. 5 | pee dOseeee July 24 8 1 || 2238....../...do.....] July 26 9 2
DOD ciarsa.s i] ace d0:s224\a5-d0--e. 8 Oe i2240). 5 ocn| ees O0-nnce July 29 9 5
2094......|... doz case G0-sees 8 TS 271 eee cet ke eee July 26 9 2
OUD os 28 | int OO2= 504) eet OO-aeee 8 1 |] 2242......|..- do-.-24 July 30 9 6
Q00G eaten es] essen os July 26 8 | 222 a Ps Fo ee July 25 8 1
ZOOS ee imee «| ee: dols.24 July 24 8 DD Hee aie woe | crea me July 28 8 4
Z100 -1towce| ee-GO. 205 ug. 2 (b) SUA] 225) Seemed Eee (oye Aug. 5 10 12
210g eee eeedonsoas July 26 8 3 || 2252......| July 28 | Aug. 30 10 33
Z108 i=: -lateae|'ee-CO0seci05 July 25 9 2 | peed eww wie al (aia dowlce Aug. 7 9 10
ZLID saiac selec Oveta's uly 24 9 Ll eeDUs esows|seshOrenee July 29 9 1
PAD) RSE ECs bo AS) Eee Posen 8 Li N2250 seces| cen cowie. July 30 8 2
a Soda Creek Canyon, 280 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
b Yale, 60 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
ine MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 15
TasLe 2.—List or Tags Rerurnep—Continued.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION D, LUMMI ISLAND, WASH.—Continued.
Date Date Region Days Date Date Region Days
Tag No. fish fish re- where en Tag No. fish fish re- where en
marked. | caught. | taken. route. marked.; caught. | taken. | route.
1918. 1918. 1918. 1918.
2259...-.. July 28} Aug. 1 9 OW I2ASS coe Aug. 4] Aug. 5 8 1
2261 Seiseae | gee Ose July 30 8 2 || 2439...... pedOe esas Aug. 4 a 1
2260/20 > ec4|ae-OOs-sae July 29 8 1 || 2440...... sxoleweage Aug. 5 9 3
2268.2 2552|/S6:008 2 2 Aug. 26 (a) CAL 2: a Bos Os- 224). Gore ac: 8 i}
2269 =o steee| eee dOse- we July 31 8 Shalt 2. 2D Reed O.sene Aug. 16 8 2
210s sed ee doeed July 30 9 7 d| LOSE Sedo Aug. 6 9 2
22a asse| Ss. 00l. ae Aug. 1 10 4 || 2444. ..... We {dOhscee Aug. 5 9 1
PPR Vos eene aOlesoe July 30 8 2: |i24452 5.22. Bets (0 eee ee Goseces 8 1
BLBR are asc eeedOrccce| SusdOseso5 9 2 || 2449.2... WEZdOr 2223452005. =5- 8 1
BLOO ease | Sec Oseeoe Aug. 11 10 Lou p24o32 so 232 eedOzeso e/a Oe e 8 1
2286 salecd0.2- 2 July 29 1 1h Gee nse! (Renee be dost .= 8 1
DAB esse eee AOran ce July 30 9 ari p2a56 ess 233 Soidorss8 Aug. 6 8 2
PE mae ocr aaa ey act Ohare 9 ol | P26 Sees He od0tcs2+ | dO: 8 2
2289 os soe) teeaOnt ee Aug. 8 10 Ad || 2459... Sidore:es Aug. 7 9 3
22 Si cmee| Gee aosss=8 July 30 8 2 || 2464_....- des. 38 Aug. 5 9 1
2200S % 224) 22dO.2i.4 Aug. 1 9 By P2465= oo fe Be d0ssee8 Sept. 3 10 30
2205s ascend Ozeace July 30 9 ee R24 OG nee ae (eed Osecne Aug. 6 9 2
Za00 Sascee| ee cd Ou. ae July 29 8 1 || 2469...... Bidoscses ug. 5 8 1
2802s cowl a3-GOle seu July 30 9 2 || 2471...... ed Ozeses Aug. 6 8 2
Ba Lae arses |e Ole oe July 29 8 I | 22. pee pedO=ssee Aug. 5 9 1
2310 ee xsca| ee-dOse- oa aan Om as 1 S| ee ee ARCs lo eee ug. 6 9 2
Dal2 Ssicmee|eecOOneace July 30 9 Tl | he sy eee H32d0:.-=2 B.dos2—' 8 2
Dare ioca eee Osacres July 29 8 2 |t247G2=. 228 Bed Ossens ee. COee-e 8 2
23145 .32|2.-d0l5. . 2 July 30 9 al FZALSatcis oe Aug. (5) |25-d0s15=2 8 1
2315......| July 30 | Aug. 30 (*) Bln poeds2ee ss! |Bdosec.s Aug. 7 8 2
PAIS SS oar lie SK ee Aug. 1 9 Dilpzasoncecoe idols -s3 = dos 2 9 2
Died areca ees dOseese Aug. 2 8 3 || 2487...... BS G0st<3 5.2024. 8 7)
PAPAS O Bene (Sockt (i emese Aug. 1 9 2 || 2488.2... HS -00>-cos Bao: See 9 2
PAYA eee eee dom: s|Sdons-: 9 2 || 2492.2... Pg2dO:2555 ae Osesee 9 2
PARE mee le eco Co yg eee July 31 10 1 || 2493... ... © 2dostsae Aug. 6 8 1
Bate casa)ae dress ug. 2 10 Sy 2405s... 2 15s dolses4 J5 0034-2 8 1
ood aecieee| se Ole hal aoe Osea 8 | Peay eee | Onss3 22 -d02--3 8 1
Zavsee cece sedOseace July 31 10 Uy ie ee dozs-2|24-0re-2 9 1
DIAS einicca| Seed Ovesce July 30 8 Pe ReD0SE <4 | dors.23 Aug. 23d 10 18
23465. 3-0 4|dolr..2 Aug. 2 2 On| [e200 se eeeen eee donee Sept. 20 (e€) 46
PAL USR Bee Ree Osaeee Aug. 1 8 2 else oon eee dows Aug. 7 8 2
pe ee ee 0 Co eee July 31 9 IM PAO Bead see ame Aug. 6 8 1
WBS vreraiain 8] Sas OLeae.s Aug. 1 8 Pal iZoloe oc. 5) | See doseces Aug. 9 9 4
PS ee oe.) 0 saan Aug. 2 10 oi | $5 Ci ee 25 dOssss2 Aug. 6 9 i)
WES Go aas8 Aug. 2] Aug. 4 8 ZAlp2o lines ese| pe Gomes Aug. 7 9 2
2367 once loe dOstee s Aug. 5 7 Sul eolseeenes see Onesas Aug. 6 8 1
OB pe Seer fers (opal ae doe. 10 Sol] 2a228 seece ee dOscese Aug. 7 8 2
DIOS cce |e dOeee Aug. 4 . 8 2 peo zaeeersoe|aaedOreeas Aug. 6 8 1
Pay Bin se ene are ee ee eee dos. 8 Qu 2529s eercen| ee dOresce Aug. 7 8 2
PRY S53 od EG (ree ae does: 8 2 |Pp2500= creek leeedOucese Aug. 6 8 1
Dot Ommnane| ae Onee ae Aug. 5 9 3 |[K2530 7 oce fe Osseo Aug. 7 8 2
p23 tc) LE seen |e ar Ve eed be does... 9 3 || 2535... 2<..|-..d0.---. Aug. 6 9 1
DIOL creic ow a|ts-AOl=. 52 | send Ose o 8 Ol 2000 eercen|UecGOres = Aug. 7 8 2
DBO m win. cna] see Osee ae Aug. 2 9 Be P2oa eect set Ores Aug. 6 8 1
PSY eee ees ns eae Aug. 6 8 BN 2542s ouch (Seed Ole. 8 Aug. 8 8 3
Pa oe es dos. 2 Aug. 25 10 Bsi | Zod. Dt | ae edoee 3s Aug. 7 8 2
PA ae Ee d0.-.22 Aug. 4 9 2 || 2546...... ei idols. leh doxs_) 8 2
2403. oaleeeG Oneees Aug. 5 9 3 || 2547...... PS .dowek Aug. 6 8 1
PANE icc 4) Nae doe: Aug. 13 10 AL |}; 2548. 2.22 Beil ears Aug. 8 10 3
Peed ee doi.-2 Aug. 5 9 3 2049S e558 o£ dots. ace doi<.-. 8 3
AMOS. -52|9a-d0l.. <4 Aug. 2 9 P| 200L Se sees -O0Las—- Aug. 6 8 1
2413... ..- mel Oseems Aug. 9 9 7 || 2552. ..... Be Oseose Aug. 8 10 3
TATA aE doz Aug. 5 9 oD lipenode ences [bee Orcas s Aug. 7 8 2
yA ees FE (eee Aug. 8 9 6 || 2556...... Auge 6) |b. -doss-. 9 1
2420......| Aug. 4] Aug. 7 8 3 |] 2557..--.. F.dol=: Aug. 8 8 2
7) ee ee domes. Aug. 5 8 1 |} 25582..... #:d0:-2 =: Aug. 9 10 3
PAPE oo 3|5<d0sac03 Aug. 6 8 2 || 2559. ....- fidor-s= Aug. 6 9 1
PAD See a |e d0::-s2 Aug. 4 7 fo |} 2560... 22 300-252 Aug. 7 9 1
7 ve ae | Sat Cafes Aug. 5 7 1 1} 2566... ..- =:d0:-.= Aug. 9 10 3
7: Pa an RR 3 9 See Aug. 19¢ 10 15 |} 2569. ..... 2 400:.2.2]250d0se2.- 9 3
PLS EE eel eek oer Aug. 7 Of 25705 2 oct Esdose Aug. 6 9 1
PARQ ew 355 | eocdOsecoalsaedOceee! 7 MPU 2574. cone |e cd Os sos Aug. 9 9 3
PY Gate he ees Cea Aug. 7 8 3 || 2575......|-.- dose 2= | 53 200:<-- + 10 3
PAsb eens | ok dOnescs Aug. 6 8 2 | 20102. ocec| oe -O0sccee Aug. 16 (1) 10
PS Denar | Bact tee peel Beets (pea 9 PS Pay bh el Lee doy: = Aug. 11 7 5
PIE feel Ene do:2 22: Aug. 5 8 1 || 2579... ...]...do..... Aug. 9 8 3
@ Hell’s Gate, 80 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
> Lytton, 110 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
¢ Therecord is Sept. 19, but thisis possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 19, as tabulated.
@ Therecord is Sept. 23, but thisis possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug.23, as tabulated,
e Birkenhead River, 25 miles above Lillooet Lake, 130 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
f Strawberry Island, 50 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
16
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION D, LUMMI ISLAND, WASH.—Continued.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TABLE 2.—List or Tacs RetuRNED—Continued.
Date Date Region Days Date Date Region | Days
Tag No. fish fish re- | where en Tag No. fish fishre- | where en
marked. |} caught taken. route marked.| caught. | taken. | route.
1918. 1918. 1918. 1918.
DERG aes Aug. 6| Aug. 9 2 BN |e es ER mae Aug. 7 | Aug. 12 8 5
258320 s502 bee ee Aug. 7 8 1 || 2655. Jdo..5- 4 (Augirg, 8 2
a5 eee pdOrwse2 Aug. 10 8 4 || 2657. Pde Aug. 8 8 1
2D85-.2 5. 53| 222002752 seas cene 8 A 2659.5 222 do PEdove: 3 9 1
7 sty Meters | eae 3 (0 ean Aug. Li 8 Du 2O0L se sea atee do..-- JS doe2 8 if
DSS ers S Rae dors: Aug. 8 8 Di 2eG2o 0 SS 02.22 Aug. 9 9 2
pts ee aes do-t2! Aug. 7 9 lS he eee Wee do:-2=4 Aug. 10 8 3
259 = 22S dozs)-4|-2. 005.2: 9 TO 26690 2 HA 0s... 4) doses 9 3
25922 Hassles: do:.: 3s. dob.2e! 9 aU 2670... 22 Ie 02.224 Aug. 9 9 2
25985252 53|ee2 do:-.-2 Aug. 6 9 aoii2oi20. 5. tee dor.52 4} 2. dors. 9 2
pit eee | Be gore: Aug. 9 8 SOA: Saeed eee do: .2 25/22 dos. 8 2
OnGRes 2 Al Mee dona Aug. 12 8 Gu 287622~..4|e2do:.-.- Sept. 16 (d) 40
202 2 3253) Bee G0-.2s5 Aug. 9 9 Su eorS. . 5. 4 does Aug. 10 8 3
D308 Ee epee | tr dor. 24). doe? 10 SU P2O822 Soe dons Aug. 12 10 5
260482 2223) ee does Aug. 8 8 22) | ip fe Pea |S Gone Aug. 9 8 2
71 ee Go:-ee4 Aug. 9 9 Onikizoss. 2 cn alees 0.22 4| 2 ders. 4 9 2
73 0 eg IE dor. 3|2 dose: 9 BeOS « cosines doz: .2|38.do0-22:: 9 2
7 Ue ey ae Goses=s Aug. 7 8 PR NZ686=—..< 2 Fe dom? Aug. 12 9 5
2612 522 M2 d0=--a2 Aug. 12 8 Gr 2687.0.. .. Hee: does s Aug. 8 8 1
D614 > Ss Re dO22-- Aug. 8 9 2 || 2688. . UdO.2.. 2) Se. 00se 8 1
7.) Kee be dors? Aug. 7 9 PS 2Eso- oe. dle (ake Sep eee (eee 9 1
2618. - bedo2224 Aug. 8 10 DVi26925 2 2.53 Aug. 9 ug. 11 8 2
QED 1 ake aes dOs<23 ug. 9 8 3 || 2699... ..2]--- do-3 3) dor lee 8 2
26223 5 2559| 852 do:--24 Aug. 10 9 45) 270752522 |S 5 ahaa Aug. 13 9 4
Dds => aes G0:-<22 Aug. 11 9 SZ aes ce|oee does Sept. 4 (c) 26
225s 2225 02.223 Aug. 8 9 P42 7 a ee | es d0s.5 Aug. 16 8 Wr
7: 19 IO bee Go2-2) Aug i7 8 E07 eee | Se dos: Aug. 1 9 3
2628. bed0s-sia|ace dos.222 9 AAAS a edo 3 Aug. 14 10 5
7 in a alee | Se dosa4 Aug. 11 10 Ba 2719) 28 ee dos ug. 12 10 3
2630) seca eee dozs-=- Aug. 8 9 PaW2020. 22... 5 Goss4 Aug. 15 8 6
Ores eta | a dove Aug. 11 7 Bal 2722). 5 don Aug. 13 9 4
PLR Speer | es doles Aug. 9 9 Sel 2t26. =o sa alaee do.....| Aug. 14 9 5
263455 5255|952 docs Aug. 15 9 9 || 2728... ..do.....| Aug. 12 10 3
268525-255| 85 Go=-2-5 Aug. 7 9 Ml | P76 s eae ae HOo--2e Aug. 11 8 2
2620 Ss ne2 toes Gos-ca: Aug. 8 8 Deane. = scoalaoe dors: Aug. 11- 9 3
72 ie Va eh Fe do.. S2d0-28-. 9 2 13
2645 5 25223 Ese doz252: Aug. 7 8 4 P76 ee | ee do:.:.- Aug. 14 9 5
COAG SE oP Ss sltee d Aug. 8 8 QW Zits cccalee a do: Aug. 19 7 10
7 2 ies fei dois: Sept. 19 (a) A4
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION E, POINT ROBERTS, WASH
1918. 1918. 1918. 1918.
362. .-<-2-2|pAUg. 15)|eAug. 1S 10 3 || 4001......] July 25 | July 29 10 4
= ae oe (eae do. ug. 16 10 ||! 4007. 2 2224|55-00---22 Aug. 4 7 il
(pea tas do. ...| Sept. 20 eS 86: ||) 40082 4...2}e 20.223 July 26 10 1
(Re [ee do....| Sept. 24 (d 40") 4012:. 22/4. .do0:...5 Aug. 5 (9) il
WDscosccee|Ben do....| Sept. 21 (d) Od. |}, 4025. . ..-t/e2- do:---5 July 30 10 5
eonper ere do....| Sept. 15 (@) Oks || 40472... stlasdoz..22 July 29 (h) 4
842 =: ...do....| Sept. 10 10 26"||4065-.-.=.s|e2-d0.--- 4 July 28 10 3
eee fete Aug. 16 | Sept. 2 (€) Mie 4071. 22232 eedo--4-2 July 29 10 4
TOO es eee Aug. 19 | Aug. 19 10 1 |} 4103......] July 26 | Aug. 3 10 8
113. ..-d0....] Aug. 22 10 3) |} 4104:;-2223|e5¢do-..-4 July 29 10 3
1262 2 5228 Aug. 20 | Aug. 21 10 1) 1/4907: +. 2=4|225d0-.--2 July 30 10 4
1 (re ie bc do....| Aug. 22 10 2) 1|:4100. =. --2]8=-do--. 32 July 29 10 3
SB as erincey COR loess btsts) Sirs t) 10 1G || 40175: 2224] Seedo-..<8 July 31 10 5
JSTs = o2e2e|sscdo. -2t/eAug. 28 10 8p4121.....-=5|a¢do---.! July 30 10 4
MAO! 258 |CEN do....| Aug. 22 10 2) \\4122 = ...22|522d02--2! July 28 10 2
ee =.dOss=t|9- 000245 10 2n|\T4109 2 cis edor.8 July 29 10 3
Miler 2st | Sere doxs;. t|f2.Go0rke? 10 SWAT SS 205-3] Seed Oz--cs| se 2 doz5-2 10 3
LF) eeeorapa Aug. 21 | Aug. 21 10 Peale? 2 2 snk | Seedor.-28 July 28 _ 10 2
164. - Hesidos ce Octal (d) Aq, || 4150. =. <- 2/522d0--.-5 Aug. 5 (4) 10
1652... .-22/9-<do0..-2|tAugs 21 10 1 || 4166......| July 29] Aug. 9 10 ll
M6722 2 :22]esdo-: - WAugse277, 10 Ov 4U74. 225.41 8:d0:2.-4 Aug. 16 (4) 18
a Four miles above Pitt Lake, 30 miles from Fraser River, 50 miles from ocean.
b Near Spuzzum, 65 miles above Mission, Fraser
¢ Mountain Slough, above Pitt Lak
River.
30 miles from Fraser River, 50 miles from ocean.
@
d Birkenhead River, 25 miles above Lillooet Lake, 130 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
e Samaquam, Lillooet River, 25 miles above Harrison Lake, 90 miles above Mission. f
f The record is Sept. 27, but this is possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 27. as
tabulated.
g Five miles above Yale, 65 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
h Mouth of Chillwack River, 12 miles above Mission
a Yale, 60 miles above Mission, Fraser River. %
3 Strawberry Island, 50 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
, Fraser River.
“"
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TaBLE 2.—List or Tacs ReturNeEp—Continued.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION E, POINT ROBERTS, WASH.—Continued.
17
Region
where
taken.
Days
en
route.
Date Date
Tag No. fish fish re-
marked. | caught.
1918. 1918.
4183......| July 29] Aug. 2
4187 - Sb [5 ocG0:--50 Aug. 4
4196 -.2. bs] fdor:. 52 Aug. 12
BIGR oe cease <d0reen. Sept. 12
F208. sono les edu. = Aug. 2
A207 eee iss Ons ee July 30
Utes Si eC Ca a Aug. 5
cab [22 ae Be eo Co oe July 30
22) (ae BS De ee Ca Aug. 2
S219 aerelee (OL. July 31
4220:.: +. 1). ...d0: Gor: -..
BEB a ca ced| eis 2 Okeoe se July 30
AZAG W282]. G0. ce = Aug. 1
4249) 2 ele -00l7 Aug. 5
4252. . .
4258 .
4264. .
4267. .
4268 .
4270.
ADT
jf Veer Bi
AQT Saas
4279. .
4283 .
4284.
4286.
4288.
C7)! eee Sed Pe
4291. :
A206 Ps NL»
4300-2... 2
4305 . E
4315. ae
4317.
4327. =
4331. a
4340. 2
4348. ot
4349. . .do.
4352. . -do..
4353 . - Bie
4356. .....|...d0
ASO a oatehce <0
zy | anaes Ui (0)
438055224212 _do
S367 252155500
4368-=5..5|5.-d0
4370232222). -2do
4375......| July
4376 fo cache =.00
cS a5 ae TT Co.
4383. .....|..-do
A384 0y_ 8.) .-d0:
4389. .....|...do
4392......|...do
4393. . 22 2}.5 ido
4402. .....|...do
44038. .....]...do
4404. .....'...do
al
ON AOWE POOWWO OWE NN hese hoe Oe
me eh to la
RwaTannawwrms
w
-_
ST 00 O10 et et Ot et Crt
to
co
Date
Tag No. fish
marked.
a Portage Creek, foot of Anderson Lake, 170 miles above Mission.
b Twenty-seven miles above Mission, Fraser River.
¢ Devils Run, 10 miles above Mission, Fraser River. :
4 Tenmile House, above Harrison Lake, 75 miles above Mission.
e The record is Sept. 26, but this is possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 26, as tabulated
f Chileoten River, 235 miles above
Mission.
9 Lillooet Bridge, 150 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
h Hell’s Gate, 80 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
7 Skookum Chuck, on Lillooet River
Date
fish re-
caught.
Region
where
taken.
(4)
12 miles above Harrison Lake, 75 miles above Mission.
j Birkenhead River, 25 miles above Lillooet River, 130 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
k The record is Sept. 8, but thisis possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 8, as tabulated.
t Three miles above Mission,
Fraser River.
m Trafalgar Flat, 50 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
Days
en
route,
moO
to
_
Banos aaws)Esyp ese HeHoer
bo
STOO Orb Orb
ol = —
KON MNWNOONWNWONOWW ROHS OR Ww
i
18 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TaBLeE 2.—List or Tacs REtTuRNED—Continued.
TAGS ATTACHED AT STATION E, POINT ROBERTS, WASH.—Continued.
Date Date Region Days Date Date Region | Days °
Tag No. fish fish re- where en Tag No. fish fish re- where en
marked. | caught. | taken. route. marked.| caught. | taken. route.
1918. 1918. 1918,
Aug. 4 10 2 || 4759......| Aug. 6 | Aug. 30 10
Aug. 7 9 5 || 4760. ....- --do....| Aug. 16 10 10
Aug. 5 10 3 || 47655-0605. do...-| Aug. 8 10 2
Aug. 6 9 AW Ali doaseme do....| Aug. 12 10
Sept. 11 (a) 40 || 4776..... do....| Aug. 20¢ 10 14
Aug. 5 9 S51 Eee ane do... s4|gANIPay 7 10 1
Aug. 11 9 9 || 4780. ..... ~ edo. .5.| Aug.) 11 9 5
corse 2 G0 5-1. 10 Oi)| A784... <-£2|-.0do. te sAtIp ee 9 9 3
Aug. 20 9 15 || 4790.....-|...do....| Aug. 18 10 12
Aug. 9 6 All 479L. =. cscts=.d0. ot -|eAug. 10 1
Aug. 20 10 15 || 4796. ..... =2d0..20-| Aug. 19 10 13
Aug. 9 10 AN A700 SS co bolsae do...-| Aug. 10 20
Noy. 16 (b) 103 |} 4800. ... do....| Aug. 13 10 7
Aug. 11 10 6 || 4801. ... do....| Aug. 6 10 10
Aug. 13 10 8 || 4803. ... do....| Aug. 7 10 1
Aug. 7 10 2 || 4808. ... do....| Aug. 8 10 2
Aug. 9 10 4 || 4809. ... do....| Aug. 30 10 24
Aug. 11 9 6 || 4812. . 2. do....| Aug. 12 10 6
Aug. 6 10 1 || 4813. .... do....| Aug. 8 10 2
Aug. 15 10 10 || 4814.... GOs wees dOa-e- 10 2
Aug. 7 10 2 |} 4818.... do....! Aug. 22d 10 16
Aug. 18 10 13 || 4823.....- Aug. 7 | Aug. 13 10 6
Aug. 8 10 3Bi|| 4825. .cce|2s<do>.8 | sAne tS 9 9 2
Aug. 11 7 6) (48280 52-2225 ido.. bd Aug. 7 10 1
Aug. 16 9 a A eS ee Bl be do....| Aug. 16 (e) 9
Sept. 6 10 32 || 4831. ... .do....| Aug. 7 10 1
Aug. 12 9 7 |} 4833... do....}| Aug. 10 10 3
fdos2h: 10 7 |] 4836......] Aug. 8 | Aug. 18 10 10
Sept. 5 10 31 |} 4847. rae | 7s koe 10 4
Aug. 12 10 7 || 4861... do....| Aug. 8 10 1
Aug. 20 10 15 |} 4869... do....| Aug. 10 10 2
Aug. 6 10 1 |} 4870. .-...|...do....} Aug. 19 (f) ll
Aug. 9 9 4) |] 4879-2 <-| Sedo. .2 4) Ang, 18 10
Aug. 26 10 21 |} 4883......|...do....] Aug. 12 9 4
Aug. 9 10 AN PASRGE ea alee enGG. ce a ATIC. LO 10 2
= 300. -t = 10 3 |} 4896. .....]... o....| Aug. 12 10 4
---| Aug. 12 9 6) 4913. So eecdo. Fe 2i edo. 10 4
-| Aug. 6 10 A] e4914 eee cls ae do....| Aug. 9 10 1
-| Aug. 18 10 12 }|.4921......|...do....| Aug. li 10 3
a Samaquam, Lillooet River, 25 miles above Harrison Lake, 90 miles above Mission.
6 Mouth of Seymour Creek, Burrard Inlet, at North Vancouver.
c Therecord is Sept. 20, but this is possibly a mistake, and the more propable dateis Aug.20, as tabulated.
@ Therecord is Sept. 22, but thisis possibly a mistake, and the more probable date is Aug. 22, as tabulated.
e American Bar, 50 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
f Trafalgar Flat, 50 miles above Mission, Fraser River.
PERCENTAGE OF RETURNS.
Table 3 shows the percentage of returns from each day’s markin
at each station. The data from which the percentages were obtaine
are also given. In general the returns indicate that the marking
was quite uniformly successful. This is especially true with that
done at stations B and D. The marking done at station A suffered
somewhat in efficiency for a few days at the time the change was
made in the personnel but otherwise is satisfactory. The records
from station E show a sudden diminution in the percentage of re-
turns on August 8 and for the following three days on which fish
were reat: No explanation can be given for this. As stated
(note to Table 1, station C), the accuracy of the August records for
station C is subject to considerable question, and the operator at
this point has admitted reporting incorrectly the number of fish
marked on August 6. But 2 out of 164 reported marked on this date
were recovered, a much lower percentage than was obtained from
any other day’s marking. These facts have thrown the record of
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 19
marking done at this station during August so much under suspicion
that it was considered necessary, in.certain phases of the study, to
disregard entirely the returns.
It is important to call attention to the fact that the figures given
in Table 3 can not be accepted as giving any adequate idea of the
percentage of fish entering from the ocean which are caught while
passing through the waters where commercial fishing is permitted.
Several indeterminate factors must modify the percentage of returns
to such an extent that, while they are reasonably comparable inter se,
the actual figures give a much-distorted idea of the toll taken from
the run as it is passing through the Sound and river. Two of these
factors are especially obvious, i. e.: (1) The figures as given here do
not include all of the actual returns, since some were omitted on
account of faulty or incomplete data; the error from this factor,
however, is not great, apprommately 5 per cent; (2) a much more
important source of error is due to lost tags. There are no means
of knowing just how many were taken and not turned in. Nor can
anything more be learned as to the number of tags lost from the
fish between the time they were attached and the time the fish were
captured. Numerous reliable reports came to us of fish that showed
splits in the tail fins terminating in holes similar to the one made
with the leather punch. Apparently the tags had in some manner
become caught and pulled out. Another possibility is that some
of the fish were unable to stand the operation necessary to the
attachment of the tag, more particularly the attendant handling and
removal from the water.
All of these factors would tend to increase the percentage of fish
captured, but obviously there are no means for determining to what
extent.
TABLE 3.—NUMBER OF FisH MARKED FacuH Day, Toran NUMBER OF RETURNS FROM
Each Day’s MARKING, AND PERCENTAGES OF RETURNS FOR Eacu Station, 1918.
Station A. Station B. Station C.
eked R Percent- Re. __ | Percent- Re. | Percent-
Marked. faced: pee si Marked. Garricst. pee a Marked. fanaa fetes 7
Gully; 14 sags2s2edse22 a 1 Obit fil Sods tocks| Sect scene secretes ceseee-Ss|aecen Mclean en cen.
eee ae ool aaa cial voces aewe| cia stenitnec] accimneicis «lecis's cis catalce ced occ 43 14 32
LD eae eee nates ceen eoacelds «| secdacee| sateeinealdas casita tebiciae ae 50 19 38
p) a eee ee 46 16 35 25 5 7A | [Steere Been mn emaee eee
7 pa ih ss pt aba 10 4 40 40 10 25 61 16 26
aos SRLS. -SS see 20 2 10 95 27 28ie¢ epee dee ag Sos else ceeds
PA Sewenamasecd 8 1 12 56 18 32 76 25 33
Cie a eee 56 4 7 50 13 26% “Pao 2232S Ss ste es eso.
QO Secs scene we dl scone ct ocloesetanac decomacae ill 45 40 152 48 382
Bhattedeavencooe 98 16 1 lasceatecs| cacesouee Sse ee ase ieeme saa cescats os |odcac es s.0
QS. Fact ek Secs 72 15 21 54 27 BO peshs ooh toes en ot cerca | te Sen ct te
BO Gao econ bets 99 20 20 17 3 Lem horace ssl asice acces |socadencs
Dl Stee ea teases 105 24 23 48 20 CD Wea | ie tae) Ae eed eee ee
7a ee 77 12 16 104 46 nel SAE ed Beane ae Geen
L Sens eas 138 21 15 64 24 38 (ee Rag eae Se a eee ee
ies ae ere 64 8} 12 94 44 iat wiht. cb sabe. bates astsesees
Dod se aeactewes|sccscessclocdvawent|Seeeeedes 42 18 (Sho ol |Se4s83ee8 Baessep ad eee
(ae ee 34 3 Oo foceccensa|coccectealnasareees 164 2 1
(ee So ee ee ee ee 36 1l 31 118 14 12
te apt Es Sar a rence cee co cmnee cel daneneccoldcccccoselseeoeatonlovsaasece 105 25 24
13:1 . §suhee Hl eeeeeaee [SNe cee SEs eee A Canale San ee | es es 155 24 15
14 cus eee eee ee ST tc eee eee 76 16 21
20 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TaBLe 3.—NUMBER OF FisH MARKED Eacu Day, Toran NuMBER or RETURNS FROM
Eacu Day’s MARKING, AND PERCENTAGES OF RETURNS For Eacu Srarion, 1918—
Continued. :
Station D. Station E.
Date marked. eet R Percent- sees R Percent-
arked. age re- arked. age re-
turned. | turned. turned. | ¢imed.
ee ee ee ee
95 8 8
70 il 16
ree 93]. This) ely
114 33 29
122 41 34
39 14 36
97 24 25
oe 115. | a7 ja tee
75 25 33
16 6 37
118 12 10
Sri, oh re ees 2)
12 1 8
23 2 9
31 7 23
16 + 25
1,090 240 | 22
Motalmumiber Markede vase. . as jase ate ose aise eee eee ste alte eee eke a ee 4,494
‘Total number retummed= w=. 52 wz sci ca Secs ora Se eee eee ae cae eee eee e reeset ced sce ee one tae 1,199
26.6
Percentageroetumed sss os) 5. Ss ass ees. dacow sa cets vase dseseeeomeb ens tnicde eecada ds aseciatde
Among the specimens listed in Table 2 the following were recorded
as having been taken outside the limits of the regions indicated on the
map and from waters other than the Fraser River above Mission
Bridge:
Days out.
1 specimen, Burrard Islet, marked Aug. 5, station E................--------- 71039
2 specimens, Ebey’s Landing, marked July 24, station C...............-------- 17
1 specimen, near Sooke, British Columbia, marked July 26, station C......- ee oeaeeelee
2 specimens, near Sooke, British Columbia, marked July 27, station A.......... 1-5
1 specimen, near Sooke, British Columbia, marked July 28, station A... ....-..-- 4
4 specimens, near Sooke, British Columbia, marked July 30, station A.........- 2
1 specimen, near Sooke, British Columbia, marked Aug. 2, station A........... 2
These specimens from without the limits were so few that they have
been omitted from further consideration. It seems probable that,
with the exception of the specimens marked at station A and taken
near Sooke, these represent runs of sockeyes which were bound to
some stream other than the Fraser River.
In the following tables separate consideration has been given to
those fish which came from the tributaries of the Fraser and from
the main river above Mission Bridge. The problems connected with
the fish from these upper waters are sufficiently distinct from those
connected with the fish taken by commercial fishermen to demand
such separate treatment.
Table 4 gives the number of specimens returned (1) from the
main commercial fishing grounds, (2) from the upper Fraser River,
and (3) from outside these limits.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. ! 21
TABLE 4.—NUMBER oF MARKED FisH TAKEN IN NuMBERED Districts or Puaer
SounD AND FRAsER River, UppeR FRASER River, AND OvuTSIDE THESE
BouNDARIES.
Number from—
4 i Total
Marking station. returned. Main Upper Geren
districts. hice limits.
INR 5 ae SNe, 1h) A Ss I REE ES ee ET ES. 147 136 3 8
ee CRUT COC EMM 2 ARMA PART Oil cece eee erernirn al 311 301 10: -steeeee
eS Bes No eR bans Cale aa seein la seein ba Mm A RA: 203 199 1 3
eee ee Seo Sh 8 Ta nae wt SUERTE bod (Se | 298 289 Oile= Be Soean
LORS Asacs 15 5 See ete Be. amma any Beg 2 Sik ea ay 08s Pe oT ed 240 212 27 1
Motalee: 222. 2b OM oe ae Rea eigenen ss A 1,199 1,137 50 12
DETAILED STUDY OF RETURNS FROM THE COMMERCIAL FISHING
DISTRICTS.
Two tables have been prepared for each of the marking stations,
presenting in detail the data obtained from the marking: First, a
table showing for each day’s marking the number and percentage
of specimens recovered from each region and the average number of
days required for the journey; second, a table showing the distribu-
tion of returns according to the region from which the return was
reported and the number of days en route. This last is given as a
matter of record and in order to show something of the range of
variation underlying the average rates of progress as given in various
other tables. It is upon the data given in these tables that the
general discussions of the routes and rates of travel which immedi-
ately follow are based.
TABLE 5.—NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF SPECIMENS FROM FAcH Day’s MARKING
AT Station A TAKEN IN EacH REGION AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS EN
Route, 1918.4
1 2 4 6 7
Date marked. _————_—_—_——_ —-
Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days.
|
ea ables ae 1| 10.0 1 fe 3.0
REAR H Dee es Cease 4 ae 0 8 (eee Real Seas
EIS RR a Ghis. i] eae awe 8.5
Can apieeeleeeueoet 5 6.4 3 5.3
1 2.0 2 9.0 3 8.3
Bieeatice sl sae seoee 3 5.3 8 | 7.5
pap oaierca ae seamen 2 4.5 4) 4.2
Eocene coskiatee 3 4.0 6 3.5
Bee Atos Caaaed herene | Sea 1 3.0
2 Sanaa poet Reticle soaaees 2: 4.0
Pie 7 Beles B2i eeccaes
Speen ee eaUulsecacsc a eee 6.8
aNospecimens marked at station A were recovered in regions 3 and 5.
> Weighted mean.
22 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON,
TABLE 5.—NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF SPECIMENS FROM Eacu Day's MARKING
at Station A TAKEN IN EacH REGION AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS EN
Route, 1918—Continued.
8 9 10
Total Total | Percent-
Date marked. marked. |returned.| age re-
Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. ; turned.
Pay ae eS aso cael Saocssod toenSonc)|sosconsa tcocsdedlssogccod| SacoSans 4 1 25
A beget Speen eres 1 11.0 3 Ayo lscecestalunsaneee 46 14 30
Oy ae See eee ale cane) Soeeersbs| peacerad 2 6.0 10 4 40
D3 Bey gots a aR e Se ae alee comeloseeoenc 2 7.5 20 2 10
Pie Se E sscdes. a landucne a cieceeeee| |Sebebdes| boossbe6 bs-beand be as6656 8 1 12
PAP Seat aa 1 5.0 it CL UD el a aR me ee 56 4 7
DU =e ee AEE 2s ccs wells os se a 4.0 1 5.0 98 13 13
Yah EES Om EAR 2 7.0 1} 26.0 2 6.5 72 14 19
3015. bate a 2 10.0 4 Gx00/F. 552856 seeeneee 16 16
SUSE Ree Pee 9 ONO Emecearts| amimetsteisre 3 15.0 105 24 23
ALB Lecs Heetenegact 2 SAO Saeeeees he ewzete 1 8.0 77 12 16
pA eee Sera 4 bye 2 8.0 2 8.0 138 20 14
BoD wat aes Ae 3 4.3 1 7.0 1 33.0 64 8 12
CEA ORI TP SBs0t... OE. Onhee sd Reta es 34 3 9
Totals cece PT eB eeSeeic pS eee ea aa aae 831 136 16.3
AVETage 4.22... |.22es006 (Bey Res sc finilasscoees 10:54) ereenes. Aaa te: eee we
a Weighted mean,
TABLE 6.—DISTRIBUTION OF RETURNS FROM MARKING AT STATION A AccORDING
To REGION IN WHICH CAPTURED AND NUMBER OF DAys EN ROUTE.@
Days en route. 1 2 4 6 if 8 9 10
a Nospecimens marked at station A were recovered in regions 3 and 5.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 23
TABLE 7.—NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF SPECIMENS FROM EAcH Day’s MarxkIna
av Sratrion B TAKEN IN EacoH REGION AND AVERAGE NUMBER oF Days
EN Routes, 1918.¢
1 2 4 6 a
Date marked. a | nr
Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. } Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days.
July 20 eco cc eee sass 2 SOE Se aec|beee tan cleeecaeed| easiest scssee|acccaces|evecteeteseeeee
RA a ee 1 2.0 5 ZIOWM DE Se ac |eaeseNsteeene lonccccse 1 15.0
Dae ee neectidescion 6 1.8 4 6.5 1 2.0 2 4.5 [i ssctculleas sees
PY a ile Spied ioe ie Bias 3 1.0 2 6.5 1 1.0 3 3.0 1 8.0
QO ecu cectc cecal hace cleceotene 1 TA Osea cee osscsece 2 DAO fn eeeeloseeee
pi pee ee ee 12 CBOE (EGA Aer EPCS ee SRR nee! | Qremeree 2 4.0 3 5.
DA se eeepc, Bes eet 7 2.0 3 RoW Gal GS eerie oeootooe 1 3.0 2 3.0
BOE geen. Loa cacc was eocitecer tacereasleecatedeisencccccesacesaadeases 1 1.0 2 5.5
Fo a, ga pe ot 4 2.5 3 PA tid SNe eect 1 2.0 5 a2
LAT ae ee Sak ea 5 1.6 2 3.5 2 3.0 9 1.4 5 5.0
7) pe hk St pe Be a 5 2.2 1 L220 sssseeeseeosssealen eetetets Saainsass 3 3.0
| SR Re eee 4 1.2 6 BBS] Gears Hoeeeaoe 3 2.0 8 2.5
)y Sea ete oe aaah al | Peratal ipe| Sbee Eh 2 Qi Psscaccelszeees s= 1 2.0 4 3.7
| Spare epee nhl ee eye | epee eet al (bt aceeede| eae rs ERI Ee ara (5 Soin Ee 1 2.0
Totalecece sc. sc BO" acces 73d earesee 44224555: 25°42 2255522 5 ot Bee oe
PASVOLAage Bin. ecclan: osc Ae. Ns ae CAN eee yey | eee ee Pe ae 4.4
8 9 10
Percent-
Total | Total re-
Date marked. marked. | turned. | je0 0G
Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. -
Supliy Ql se ee sees eee ewe ee 1 3.0 2 4.5 25 5 20
PAS Se eee 2 5.0 1 20) Eseinecaleereees 40 10 25
73 5 AAO - Ronee 1 3.0 5 3.6 8 4.4 95 27 28
2} ae 6s eee Bee | eee be ane 8D 3 2.7 4 5.7 56 17 30
DON cae aie cts caiae 2 2 RD PSS SSH Se ome 7 11.7 50 12 24
DEUS.) raSS<Bo28 5 8.0 10 (Ae) 11 3.5 lil 43 39
28s scteces woeaeea” 3 5.7 7 5.7 4 4.0 54 27 50
SORES ees | ee er ees 5. ee ee es ese close ccd 17 3 18
RGisee senna wees 6 SA OG va setae a eects ae | aoa emeee im woe 48 19 40
YNCa Tt I fale iad oa 14 4.4 3 3.0 5 7.0 104 45 43
eee 5 ee hae ai §.1 5 3.4 3 8.0 64 24 38
cS Pe a ieee eee 4 9 3.4 6 8.0 6 8.7 94 42 45
leaped Bee eT 4 3.5 5 6.2 1 7.0 42 17 41
1 Ee & <a, AB 3 3.3 3 5.0 3 W3 36 10 28
Total s-ce ase 2 BOule. oo: sae eee 54) Vek 836 301 36
Asyerage bees \S anne 2 A. Oehrnrowes2 EBL ees ae a O53) Ba. ack Sueenen eek tate scat
2 No specimens marked at station B were recovered in regions 3 and 5.
6 Weighted mean.
94 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TABLE 8.—DISTRIBUTION OF RETURNS FROM MARKING AT StTaTIoNn B AccorRDING TO
REGION IN WHICH CAPTURED AND NUMBER oF Days EN Rourte.@
Days en route. 1 2 4 6 if 8 9 10
Lea eita cd tieecn es oo coune 20 2 2 13 4 1 1 2
ta Ls ee ee ee 15 13 1 4 9 6 10 2
Bees a ee sa eo ee een ater y eee 4 7 21 13 8
te aay eer nes Aa enn Oh ee ah Cae 1 7 ye AR | Simeon 6 8 9 14
Bea eee ee re ae ee wr ae Meno hse 3 1 1 Z 1 8 4 14
(158 eae aT RS es YS oN eae 1A | paces is Fea 2 2 5 4 5
Re eats Ee Relcinn] Weta WG | eae ja | a ey 8 | ene 1 2 2 1
L SERS MEE gre wae BAe ae nee 3 | Sees | see ae 2 tt |t:ecccee eee
a No specimens marked at station B were recovered in regions 3 and 5.
TABLE 9.—NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF SPECIMENS FROM EacH Day’s MARKING
AT Station C TAKEN IN EacH REGION AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS EN
Route, 1918.4
1 2 3 4 6 7
Date marked. ———————_ br—__—__ ———_!-——_!\——_q
Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. | Fish.| Days. | Fish.| Days. | Fish. |Days.| Fish. |Days.
"fis hae ly Gee Re eee eee ee 4 Ore esocecleccee se seal Og Genpuined SP 3 0 fe (eae al (oat 2 4.5
Wee EN SERS scene ee ake 5 2.8 1 3.0 Wake Sedcacoe ce 5| 6.2 3 3.3
p27 ap St eS Pe 4 3.0 2 2 Oilsoee oS ale seed eewowos 1 2.0 1 1.0
Se eee Be 3 4.3 4| 10.0 1 WeOalaeceslceocecs 316.3) ic cceslocobes
DOr sathte catia ce ses 5 3.2 6 8:3) | eodsae|sccadeal aces dtawaces 3] 7.6 6 9.0
JT 2788 BSR eee Pape dl Bee Pea a 1 DO colwacaenlenacanlendsotelesccoeleor cee 1 5.0
y fa fa a ae 1 2.0 2 SB se el Bee oe 6.0 1 9.0 1 2.0
el el Se oy aes Gee 1 2.0 2 > iW hase terial (RT SN Sal aieticmee ete ta AN Gat 2 3.5
1 Oo are eee 4 2.0 5 1 NYG me Sere | ode 1 ra eee eee 2 6.0
5 YS eh a Oat LE 1 3.0 7 BEL eee lS detsidecleceneslleanceen 1 2.0 3 5.0
Total..:.ccheees DBwie atites Bes || cicteres ote Md ee Selcoscun if! Se pA tel (ee
Average b......|...... SO) | Pecerne Si Salscoete| UNO. Onlseeees|(MataAlmeames 6.2] -- eas 5.5
8 9 10
Total Total Percent-
Date marked. marked. |returned. oneal
Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days.
Uh ga hy fees nee Se ec AP Ee ee 1 3.0 2 6.0 1 4.0 43 13 30.0
o clones caweaciteee 4 6.0 1 DAO aasccisn | eeetemes 50 19 38.0
Y 7 eee eae 3 5.0 3 6.3 2 13.5 61 16 26.0
pe Dee ean yaa 3 6.3 4 6.5 5 8.6 76 23 30.0
Wil wanes oa ootemes 13 6.6 ff 8.0 7 11.4 152 47 33.0
2.50 CDSS; RR SoU ae | (Pd ae Sar Eas S| ee Plt Be aos ces wel bw sasmae 164 2 1.0
dsctetuaceaecaes 6 5.0 1 5.0 1 7.0 118 14 12.0
LESS ees eee 10 6.5 5 6.2 1 9.0 105 25 24.0
1 Ee RNAS mee 7 3.0 5 OES lecewseecloseanene 155 24 15.5
DA emecacecueteee 1 G.0 oc ee cleoeeeene 3 13.0 76 16 21.0
Rotalicese. cs 480) eet oo 2B eskectee yp. Uae ar 1,000 199 19.9
Averaged ec cloc..cee yee bl bee ead Cy Ee ee MOSS Te cc cencecleeecewaecaleeae ecw
a No specimens marked at station C were taken in region 5.
b Weighted mean,
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 25
TABLE 10.—DISTRIBUTION OF RETURNS FROM MARKING AT STATION C AccORDING TO
REGION IN WHICH CAPTURED AND NUMBER OF Days EN Rovute.4
Days en route.
a No specimens marked at station C were recovered in region 5.
TABLE 11.—NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF SPECIMENS FROM EAcH DAy’s MARKING
Av Sration D TAKEN IN EAcH REGION AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF Days
EN Route, 1918.4
:
ee ‘
1 2 7 8 9 10 ain bt
aD/s Slag
ees SAT | Cd Gp alaisen Sour Tite Tale cipalse
Date marked. asia 5 5 E
4 s 3 =4 : a : i , £ Fi a |nSl45\o
a\élalelalél4léi4|8lal| 8 gage?
cae | eer a: ee [OBR ses te) lt bbe hee th Goclee len tes
5.1 8] 4.6 1} 3.0] 85]27| 32
Uh ee oie 3| 10.3| 92] 24| 26
2.0| 15] 3.8| 5| 10.2| 74] 23| 31
1.4] 12] 2.8 4] 15.7| 63] 27| 43
o9) > 41647 4} 2.0| 46] 14] 30
2:5! 10] 2.8| 3] 12.3|56| 20] 36
£6 | --°9 |) 46 2| 22.5} 61|35| 57
1.6) 8| 1.9| 3] 8.0| 78] 34| 44
28] 24] 2.3 6| 3.2} 94] 50| 53
1.8] 9| 22 1} 5.0| 41] 20] 49
3.8| 6| 40| 3| 37/47) 15] 32
Raa | 109 |......| 35 |....-.|737 |289| 39
2.5 | be Fs | ry a ee | B.5 |-sselaees| sone
a No specimens marked at station D were recovered in regions 3, 4,5, and 6. b Weighted mean.
TABLE 12.—DisrrRIBuTION oF RETURNS FROM MARKING AT STATION D AccoRDING TO
REGION IN WuicH CAPTURED AND NUMBER OF Days EN Route. 4
Days en route. 1 2 7 8 9 10 Days en route. 1 2 7 8 9 10
Me seep teaes aes Fy oot, 5| 47] 28 > Al | Vg) army eee BT as i |e | pane ta l(a patel oe 1
y urd gs 8 See ae ae ie ea eee) Perea 39 | 38 PISS Ss ES eet el: ees La pee ae
i SS ie ST ie 1 2) Pes 19 ) Aa | 1s I |S So (A: Bl (a es Pee 2
fn OO E> Bel Pannen (et Sa 6 10 DN), BB a8 ema en oa eet bee sta se 1 Ol ee 1
Be ae eee lone lee cee 3 4 oe Dll ap aiato os open nee arent eee lias ac lee eee | exopeces 1
ee See ee kr TSE RE ea | 3 eet § yt? bee Bee ee es eee eee 1} be 1
(Serer See [oaeer sake 1 1 WN 28 nod See eee ebse cs | SE bee cel 1
| A re es nintd (eer te (SOR DE Ee te fo ae be Se eer ers ae Ps 1
EEE ers eat See) seed BT ele sess SS. al vcececcroveedle cone =e ee 1
10 2.0 Soe Se ee S| Sees 1 1 _—_— | | ——$—— |} | | ———
Ll. 253.0555. 3335 bs aa eee lee. = 1 2 Total....... 2 1 11 | 131 | 109 35
a No specimens marked at station D were recovered in regions 3, 4, 5, and 6,
26 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TABLE 13.—NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF SPECIMENS FROM Eacu Day’s MARKING
ar Sration BE TAKEN IN EacH REGION AND AVERAGE NUMBER oF Days
EN Route, 1918.4
6 8 9 10
: Total | Total res
Date marked. |-——————_] —__ | mart re- | centage
BN aes oe Shee Sse S5e| Boose aL NMS Rel ES Se eee eee 5 |] 3.4 95 6 6
GRE ee 2 oh Bo Sonsl Sa ces | Saeiees |Paswerisceone 10| 3.7 70 10 14
Ds ie ae aii Sos aes eae ee cp Sul wake 2) 3.5 9| 5.0 93 14 15
31s Pe SR PS Se Be ceea eee 3 4.0 5 7.4 19 5.5 114 27 23
By hie ee Se ee AeHes5 6.5 PA es (a) Deedes 5} 3.4 POA lar at) 122 39 32
TTT Os Ee es See BSBA bso ceed! bossa Poon 1} 11.0 13] 9.3 39 14 36
es Sm AN he, ee PS Se 2/| 8.5 4] 5.2 14] 4.9 97 20 21
fase Seloe! Am), 4,0, Ll, GSOR Rees anes ae 5] 8.6 19} 9.8 113 26 23
i RE eS SS eel ees SN Re 9 |. oe ee ee 3] 4.7 PPA tr | 75 25 33
y (Se) Ree a Re OE ee eee Lae 5s Sciio ful v2.0 EN ae Bies 16 5 31
bo Pe een) (Se pee || Seen eS eee ee 1} 10.0 1 Pe) 9] 3.4 118 11 10
bie SRA ie Se [es 32 A eee aoe so|s=sisccllooc Sua eevee 3 | 10.0 56 3 5
JO be eee Speen |e Se oe fe See iese Se a A ease eee 12 | com ceeiel See ee
1 Cte Oe ee | Se |e AS AG eee eeeale cee ar Ae eae 2iles0 23 2 8
1 EN i se ee i ea | (ear eee a 31 7 23
) ee Peer Jpnesas |goson|seceoe|> aaped|aseger| coco s00nc Sy 2.7 16 3) 19
Tatalo--- Pisceeec cee AV A ee 2 D7 el EB ase 166) |. eee 1,090 212 19.5
Averaged|...... Oe se Is SA0!|S eee] 1674 ere28 SBN Ree (378 banat Seeger
a No specimens marked at station E were recovered in regions 1, 2,3,4,and5. > Weighted mean.
TABLE 14.—DiIsTRIBUTION OF RETURNS FROM MARKING AT STATION E ACCORDING TO
REGION IN WHICH CAPTURED AND NuMBER OF Days EN Route.
Days en route. 6 7 8 9 10 Days en route, 6 7 8 9 10
|
|
to
~
’
.
’
’
‘
’
’
‘
*
'
*
’
’
’
'
eeuedibe lori
14 27
166
a No specimens marked at station E were recovered in regions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
It was hoped that much more detailed information as to the mi-
gration up the Fraser River might be presented, and to that end the
river and the waters of the Strait of Georgia around the mouth of
the river had been divided into 20 regions, each comprising about 5
miles of the river or offshore about the mouths. The returns from
Canada were at first studied on this basis, but it finally became clear
that the subdivisions were much too small to give results of any
significance. These 20 regions were then combined into 7, as follows:
Region 10. Banks off the mouth of the south arm and Canoe Pass.
Region 11. South arm and Canoe Pass up as far as Deas Island.
Region 12. South arm from Deas Island to New Westminster.
Region 13. Banks off the mouth of the north arm.
Region 14. North arm.
Region 15. Fraser River from New Westminster to the mouth of Pitt River.
Region 16. Fraser River from the mouth of Pitt River to Mission Bridge.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 27
Table 15 gives the number of specimens, which were marked at
each of the marking stations, recovered from each of these regions,
and the average number of days en route. It is apparent from this
that even with this increase in the size of the regions no significant
and consistent difference in the length of time required to reach the
different regions appears, and for the purposes of statistical analysis
it was necessary to consider all of the returns from the main Cana-
dian waters as constituting a single group, and to combine regions
10 to 16 into one region, 10. It is much to be regretted that the
data are not such as to make possible a reliable estimate of the rate
of travel in the river itself. Whether this is due to the manner of
collecting and recording the data can not be stated. Although
these records from Canadian waters do not admit of detailed analysis,
when combined as a single group they agree well with the results
obtained from American waters.
TaBLeE 15.—NuMBER Or SPECIMENS MARKED AT EAcuH Station RECOVERED IN EAcH
REGION IN CANADIAN WATERS, INCLUDING THE FRASER RIVER TO Mission BRIGDE
OnLy, AND AVERAGE NuMBER or Days EN Route.
Station. Average
Total | number
fish. days en
A. B. C. Dz. E. Toute.a
Region 10
WISHR OLE 5 ee oe. Sse 3 15 7 11 35 ri Reatepeaec
AVS sos oeemwen. sas ace Becca 7.0 6.3 10.3 8 (Oh |e ae TaD,
Region 11
1 3 aes See eee 8 27 8 15 77 iG) Eee see
Daysesee hehe te 13.5 6.0 6.9 9.1 Ont Soscceece 6.9
Region 12
WiShbereec pens ecce rere nee 2 5 2 3 11 28 epee oe
Daysesst. Ses PRS ese 6.5 5.6 13.5 12.3 S971 (eae Stes 7.0
Region 13
RSH ee sok eae eR ee Eee Bete nae A LE ASE Se 3 il TARSscecteee
DBS) co gut et sete pect - elas -bousslet.- estes |G. . Seas. 2.7 Ce Bees ee ae 8.4
Region 14
Wiseeeers cet ep S28 fey, a ce METALL RE 1 18 205 32
DP Ch Baa c: Ae See Eee ee iSO) sees 5.95 1.0 OR eee fe 6.4
Region 15:
Rish ost tes. ise asseeutsac]stcoc tere 2 2 2 4 10) |) bs2e tee
LDCS ahead eae Spt erga et Saeed 5.5 14.5 3.0 Ona <cece ee 8.5
Region 16
1h eee ae eee ae eee Seen (| PARR rE 1) Lee net 10 Lh aes
Daye nes fle sae rt 8 5.0 7.8 LONO RSE ee G70) Eee eaes ee 6.6
Total aishss) eet eee 14 | 54 20 35 166 Cos ee.
Average Number days en
TOUCO Gis sree ces tain ae 10.5 6.3 10. 4 8.5 Olin laseseecene dod
a Weighted mean.
In Table 16 is shown the total number of individuals marked at
each station which were taken in each region, together with the
average time en route. This combines the totals and averages
developed in Tables 5 to 14.
28 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON,
TsBLE 16.—NUMBER OF SPECIMENS MARKED AT EAcH Station TAKEN IN EACH
REGION AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF Days EN RouteE.4@
| | |
Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. ] Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. | Fish. ] Days.
eat ae ETOYS 12 2.8 16 Pe A (Pea 1 2 23 5.7
Beas k Een 49 2.4 29 ipar ate o% | aghiee 3 4 2.2 25 23
Getta a it Baw 23 3.0 34 3.8 2 5.0 5 44 18 6.1
Eee oe ee 2 1.0 1 EC are MR AE Na A aE ees
LEE OA ID. RAR BIR ST. AIC RO Sai € (beans Buse i 4.0
Total........- agin = A | IEEE | 9 pager 16 7. ee 67 [oe
|
7 8 9 10
Total.
Fish. | Days. Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days. | Fish. | Days.
32 5.8 25 7.5 13 7.2 14 10.5 136
35 4.4 56 4.6 49 5.4 54 6.3 301
21 5.5 48 5.4 28 6.5 20 10.4 199
il 3.3 131 2.5 109 2.7 35 8.5 289
4 8.0 14 6.4 27 5.8 166 6.7 212
103° |s02cseee P| Se eae 220M Secentiass Po2ht) | Ree eaa ee 1, 137
a No specimens were taken in region 5.
Routes Taken By Fraser River Sockerges Turoucn Pucer
Sounp.—Tables 17 and 18 show in complementary ways the dis-
tribution of returned fish according to the station at which they
were marked and the region in which they were taken. Table 17
gives the percentages of the total returns from each station which
were taken in each region; and Table 18, the percentages of the total
returns from each region which were marked at each station. The
returns from regions 3, 4, and 5 are practically negligible. It is
quite obvious that the great majority of the fish, on entering the
Sound through the Strait of Juan de Fuca, pass across to Washington
Sound, and especially the southern shores of the southern islands of
the San Juan Archipelago (region 1) and the western shore of Whidbey
Island (region 2); 8.8 per cent of the returned fish which were marked
at Sooke were taken in region 1 and 11.8 per cent in region 2.
TABLE 17.—PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL FisH RECOVERED FROM EACH MARKING STATION
WuicH WERE TAKEN IN Facu ReEGIon.@
a No specimens were recovered in region 5.
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 29
Tanne 18.~-PeRCENTAGES oF ToTaAL Fish ReEcovERED rrom Each Reaction WuicH
WERE MarkKeEpD AT EAcu STation.@
1 2 3 4 6 | 7 8 9 10
a See ER al Re Ay | eae 10 34.3 31.0 9.1 5.8 4.8
sei] 8 aaa eet 57.0 S600 ees 40 37.3 33.9 20.4 21.6 18.6
Crm rest. by esis te 26.7 42.5 100 50 26.8 20.4 17.5 12.4 6.9
1D) ore ehsa eee fee Sal Nea ag FET lee SPSS ic Mae A) | a 10.7 47.8 48.3 i be |
LOPES ME ROR AEST! lac Sie) Pes (sabes os aeons | eee ear | 1.5 3.8 5.1 11.9 57.4
a No specimens were recovered in region 5.
There is apparently considerable interchange of fish between re-
gions 1 and 2, as is evidenced by the fact that 9.6 per cent of the
returned fish marked at station B, located in region 1, were taken in
region 2, and that 11.5 per cent of the fish marked at station C, in
region 2, were taken in region 1. From the region of Washington
Sound a very few fish pass northward through Haro Strait (region 4),
but the proportion must be small compared with those passing
through Rosario Strait and on up through the Strait of Georgia.
The apparent proportions may, however, be modified by the fact
that there are many more traps in Rosario Strait than in Haro
Strait. The few fish taken in Haro Strait came from stations A, B,
and C, as would be expected. Only two specimens were taken in
Deception Pass, both marked at station C. No fish are recorded as
deme been taken in the central channels of the San Juan Archi-
elago.
< From the southern part of the Strait of Georgia (locally desig-
nated the Gulf of Georgia) the fish pass Point Roberts and enter
Canadian territorial waters. Very soon thereafter they must enter
the river, especially through Canoe Pass and the main mouth of the
a eae and begin their journey up the river to the spawning
rounds.
5 In summarizing, the route followed by the very great majority of
the salmon entering the Strait of Juan de Fuca and bound for the
Fraser River may be stated as follows: Across Washington Sound to
the “Banks” south of the San Juan Islands and to the western
shore of Whidbey Island; from there northward through Rosario
Strait and the southern part of the Strait of Georgia, past Point
Roberts to the mouths of the Fraser River. There is no evidence
to indicate that this route is varied in different parts of the season.
As might be expected, this route is well indicated by the location
of the various trap sites. The approximate number of traps in the
various regions of Puget Sound for which licenses were issued in 1918
is as follows: 4
Remonyl side. jel. gered 6. cies 1 | Resions7 145. oy. oer fet i]
Lite Lh iy. 2 eae Spee Ce ne Sa eg ees 20>): FVCG100 8) on sp Sh eibeek ae Mt ae 40
cea Ne tg ial el am 13 Reson D920 te eee ee a 39
emer sane etek 2) SAA. Se 11
Remonisaes gait. ero 1cioeets ee 4 Potala Bes Fs 28. 212 178
Repion Gs ssasaer a: a: Jute. aegise 26
In addition to the above there are 6 traps located on the Canadian
side of the Straits of Juan de Fuca, on Vancouver Island, 11 scatter-
ing traps along the southern shore of these straits, and 29 in Ad-
a Based upon licenses issued by the Fish and Game Commission of the State of Washington,
160695°—20 20
30 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
miralty Straits, chiefly between Admiralty Bay and Double Bluff.
There are also a few in Hood Canal and that part of the Sound ex-
tending south past Seattle, Saratoga Passage, and Padilla Bay. The
ones listed above are those of chief concern here.
Little if any correlatton between the number of traps and the
number of marked fish taken in any particular region can be shown.
In Table 19 the six regions from which most of the returns came
have been arranged in the order of the number of traps located in
each. Then is given, for each region, the percentages of fish marked
at stations A and B which were recaptured in the respective regions.
The other stations were not similarly treated, since only from these
two did the fish pass through nearly allregions. Although no corre-
lation is apparent here we would expect such a correlation to appear
if sufficient data were available.
TABLE 19.—NUMBER OF TRAPS IN VARIOUS REGIONS AND NUMBER OF MARKED FISH
TAKEN IN THOSE REGIONS.
Percentage of
returns from
Region. Number stations—
of traps.
AX. | B.
| |
Va% «Bobeiae Pons ae ecu. be Mae see Sa een Ae ee te ces ie | 11 3-85 4.18
T. MEEL DD bE. PE ROReN Ot TED, SIP ROR RS Fae 80 ES) aie | 14 1.44 5.86
Dae IN AEE ito Se ae PES ws aoe ce ee ee ee os. ee eee 20 1.92 3.46
Ge wssepiac ae dics wap Se wanes sheen ee eRe Sr iae ee eee eee See eae Seema 26 2.76 2.99
De Fc Lar EES sas SE Ee ee SS eee 39 1.56 5. 86
Bee og ate Sl cdos ese Sue Sen Seek ee tie eee tee a ese oa eee Reet emt 40 3.00 6.69
In a few instances a retrograde migration has apparently taken
place, and the fish have traveled away from rather than toward
the mouth of the Fraser River. It is possible that faulty data may
- account for this, especially in such extreme cases as those fish marked
at station D and reported taken in regions 1 and 2; or it may be that
these are not Fraser River fish, but are sockeyes bound for some
other stream.
Rate or Mieration.—A number of the preceding tables give,
variously grouped, the average number of days required to pass
from each marking station to each region. Tables 5,7, 9,11, and 13
show the total range of variation in this regard for each station, and
the general averages for each station are shown in Table 16. From
the last-mentioned table it is apparent that, as would be expected,
the time en route usually increases as the distance between the
station and the regions where the fish were recovered increases.
Those fish which were captured in the same region in which they
were marked—such, for instance, as were marked at station B and
recovered from region 1—have evidently been slow to resume the
migration after the marking. Forty-nine specimens marked at
station B were taken in region 1 after being out an average of 2.4
days. From station C, 34 specimens were taken in region 2 after an
interval of 3.8 days. Eleven specimens from station D were taken
in region 7 after an average of 3.3 days, and 27 specimens from
station E were taken in region 9 after 5.8 days. It seems quite clear
~
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 31
that, in the case of fish which have been recaptured comparatively
close to the point at which they were liberated, the rate of progress
is slower than that of fish taken a greater distance from the marking
station. Also, as may be seen from Table 16, in cases where a retro-
grade migration has taken place the rate of progress has usually been
slow. These occurrences may possibly be due to some slight injury,
or other unfavorable result, due to the handling attendant upon
tagging. It may also be due to inaccurate data. In either case it
would seem justifiable, when estimating the normal rate of progress
through the Sound, to consider only those cases of forward migration
in which the fish have traveled a reasonably long distance from the
station at which they were marked, say not less than 20 miles.
In the case of the Canadian records it will be noted that the corre-
lation between the distance traveled and the time en route is very
low. The average time required to pass from station E, at Point
Roberts, into the Fraser River is 6.7 days. This would indicate a
much slower rate of migration here than in other parts of the Sound.
In order to throw additional ight upon this point, the difference
between the time required for fish marked at stations A, B, C, and D
to reach the vicinity of Point Roberts (region 9) and that which
elapsed before the fish from these same stations were taken in Cana-
dian waters has been calculated as follows:
Days.
Vicia ater eg Sas ie a ee Sad ee Ta ol a ae. Nl el aa Med a ae ae 3.3
SUCH vaya) Byki es | es Se ee a A eS ee ag
Stalout G2) eee 55 bers Seen eet a eras Heme) Senet ros 3.9
S Gert OR Sos ie 5 on eee ee ce Ee eg oe 2m bee te
‘Averaze (simple Mesmmbistt 3-2 ---22)- eso sees ce - 3.47
This indicates a rate of progress between Point Roberts and the
Fraser River almost twice as rapid as that indicated solely by the
results of the marking at Point Roberts, and one agreeing much
better with the results obtained from the American records.
The previous tables have shown the rate of travel as the number
of days required to pass from the marking station to the various
regions of the Sound. In order to make these figures comparable,
the rate in miles per day has been calculated for each instance.
This has been done by simply dividing the distance traveled by the
time required to make the journey. Table 20 gives the distances
from each marking station to each of the established regions of the
Sound. These distances were measured, by means of an ordinary
map measure, from the marking station to approximately the center
of the region in question. The most direct route possible was chosen.
32 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
TABLE 20.—DisTANcES IN Pucet SounpD FRoM MARKING STATIONS TO REGIONS
WuHere FisH WERE TAKEN.@
Station. Region.| Miles. Station. reeioe’ Miles. Station. Region.| Miles.
1 35 1 15.5 1 62
2 47.5 Dg Rei 2 59.5
3 BT 3 15.5 3 62.5
4 45 4 35 4 35
Avi Seay 5 52.5 5 a fal Dace a ie LP 5 35
6 BO} Creeks. weeds 6 20 6 45
7 71 7 33 7 35
8 83 8 45 8 20.5
9 92.5 9 59.5 9 NS cee
10 122.5 10 89.5 10 30
iy eee 1 33.5
2 15 2 28
3 21.5 3 29.5
: 4 17.5 4 51.5
Bittle 5 Gee) Tye” FEN 5 41.5
6 21.5 6 13
7 33.5 ieee eae
8 47.5 8 11.5
9 62 9 27.5
10 92 10 57.5
a As it is obvious that the majority of the fish pass through Rosario Straits, the distances, wherever
applicable, have been measured over this route.
TABLE 21.—NUMBER OF SPECIMENS MARKED AT EACH STATION TAKEN IN EAcH
REGION AND RATE OF PROGRESS IN MILES PER Day. @
A B C D Be} A B C D E
|
Region 1: Region 7:
MIST Sey Se ote ete 12 49 23 7a eee WISN ceceee ree 32 35} 21 11 4
Raterec aacecs LP AG (See SP 4 SHON beaseac Ratessniseose- Te eh don! lO. On eee 4.4
Region 2: Region 8: 2
PASH Siete eles 16 29 34 Dieccace Hishyecce exe | 25 58 48} 131 14
Ratezecacesess py Sis) pene SSC eee Rate eeeee cuss } 11.1] 10.3] 8&3] 4.6 3.2
Region 3: Region 9:
Mish fe poe esd cele tae Bel as aelee oe Rishis £3595. 13 49 28 | 109 27
Watet s+. 52. ss|-2as. al asosee BF Ae eee |e et Ratess 283300 1258), 11.. 55). S951) 10; 23s
Region 4: Region 10:
Wish ms sees of 1 4 Sule cote alaacece ish se 14 54 20 35 166
Ratesss=-: sess 2255)'). SsOlMnvessO eT. Cee. a Raton -2eick 11.7] 14.6) 86] 6.8 4.5
Region 6:
2 tel oe ee 23 25 ASG ee 1
Rates: s2< 2 10C8 | Oso aioe lease 11.2
a No specimens were taken in region 5.
Table 21 gives the results of these calculations of the rate in miles
er day, together with the number of individuals on which the calcu-
nae are based. From this has been calculated the mean rate of
travel. In doing this all cases have been omitted which were based
on (1) less than 10 individuals, (2) a distance traveled of less than
20 miles, and (3) a retrograde migration relative to the mouth of the
Fraser River. This has been done to exclude, as nearly as possible,
all abnormal figures. With these exclusions there remain 19 cate-
gories on which to base the final conclusions as to the rate of migra-
tion. The data for these 19 categories are given separately in the
following table:
a For this and other similar means the “harmonic mean”’ recommended by Yule (An Introduction to
the Theory of Statistics), Rugg (Statistical Methods Applied to Education), and others, for the caleu-
lation of mean rates based on units of work, has been used. ‘The harmonic mean is defined by Rugg as
‘the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the individual measures of the series.”
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 5
TABLE 22.—RatTE oF PROGRESS IN THE 19 CATEGORIES CONTAINING THE Most
RELIABLE Data.
Region
en . 7 Distance| Speci- | Rate per
Station marked. , eetnare q, traveled. | mens. day.
| Miles Number.; Miles.
1 | 35 * 12 12.5
2 47.5 16 11.5
6 60 23 10.5
7 ORIN 8 OCC BOBO Oe SL OS SEEGERS Se TE 2 See Ri ete ete 7 71 32 WA.
8 83 25 11.1
9 92.5 13 12. 8
10 122.5 14 ne eg
6 | 21.5 25 9.3
7 33. 5 35 7.6
ee SU ae eee oe cae eo ee A Ae Sad ated on BAA RR Te 8 47.5 56 10.3
9 62 49 11.5
10 92 54 14.6
7 33 20 6.0
C 8 45 48 8.3
LRN et na Se Ot ae ad any hn ey ee gS iy eo a RGA pea a 9 59. 5 28 9.1
10 89.5 20 8.6
D 27.5 109 10.2
RrSEe 7 EN bie DUAGL tas Tisch eek Bhd ON CORA EE tO RED TOL to 10 bev gati) 35 6.8
LO ce Re ene Sag See ARIE (y= SRE See OEE tee Bene ae 10 30 166 4.5
Calculated from these figures the mean rate of migration is 7.8 miles
per day. If the Canadian records are omitted, the rate is 9.7 miles
per day.
Greene,’ in his study of the migration of salmon (chinook, silver
salmon, and steelhead) in the Columbia River, obtained results quite
different from these. He estimates that from 30 to 40 days are
usually required for the process of acclimatization to fresh water,
during which time the fish work back and forth with the tides. After
entering water which is wholly fresh he estimates the rate of travel
of silver salmon and steelhead at 6.36 to 7.50 miles per day, although
he concedes that this is only about one-third of the rate of travel as
estimated by men engaged in the fishing industry and seems to imply
that their figures are probably more reliable than his own. Greene’s
figures should be accepted with considerable caution on account of
the comparatively few individuals marked and the fact that three
species were represented and all combined to give his final results.
The sockeye tagging experiment has produced no evidence indicating
that the migration is especially retarded during the passage from salt
to fresh water. As may be seen from Table 15, there is no great
difference in the time required to pass from American waters to the
Fraser River, just within the mouths, and that required to pass above
New Westminister, where the water is entirely fresh. Furthermore,
as will be seen later, in the case of fish taken on or near the spawning
grounds in the tributaries, the time elapsed since marking averages
between 30 and 40 days, the time given by Greene as required for the
process of acclimatization. It may be concluded either that Greene’s
results are wholly unreliable or that the migration of sockeye is quite
different from that of the species studied by him, which is, of course,
entirely possible. The rate of migration of the quinnat (chinook)
salmon of the Sacramento River as given by Rutter ® is much more
nearly in accord with the results of this sockeye study. He estimates
a Greene, Charles W.: The migration of salmonin the Columbia River. Bulletin U. S. Bureau of Fish-
eries for 1909, Vol. X XIX, pp. 129-148. Washington, 1911.
+ Rutter, Cloudsley: Natural history of the quinnat salmon. Bulletin U.S. Fish Commission for
1902, Vol, XXII, pp. 65-142. Washington, 1903. .
34 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
the rate of progress through brackish water to average 7 or 8 miles
per day and that through fresh water to be between 15 and 20 miles
per day. These figures apply only to the spring run on the Sacra-
mento River. The migration of the fall run is considerably slower,
averaging but 4 to 5 miles per day through the fresh water. Greene’s
observations were, of course, made upon fall run fish.
A further analysis of data has shown some interesting variations in
the rate of migration. A calculation of the mean rate of migration
from each marking station indicates that the rate of travel decreases
as the fish approach nearer the mouth of the Fraser River as follows:
Station B, 10.5; station C, 7.9; station D, 9.1; station K, 4.5.
Finally the rates of migration for different parts of the season have
been calculated. Data given in Tables 1 and 2 were first con-
densed into quartiles and then into halves, and the rate of travel in
miles per day was calculated for each of these. The positions of the
quarter points determining the quartiles were based on the number
of fish marked, not on the number returned. In adopting a central
point on which to separate the halves it was rather arbitrarily deter-
mined to consider all fish marked during July as belonging to the first
half and all those marked during August as belonging to the second
half. It is more convenient to think of the halves as separated in this
manner, and the central point separating the fish marked into halves
comes sufficiently close to the 1st of August to warrant the division
on this basis. These calculations have not been made for stations
C and E nor for any cases based on less than 10 individuals or show-
ing a retrograde migration relative to the mouth of the Fraser
River. The inaccuracies in the marking record at station C would
have made such treatment valueless. In the case of station E, over
78 per cent of the fish recovered were taken in Canadian waters.
Inasmuch as the authors were unable to make a detailed analysis of
the Canadian records, it has seemed best not to attempt too detailed
an analysis of the records obtained from the marking at station E.
TABLE 23.—RarTE in Mites PER Day IN DIFFERENT QUARTILES—RETURNS FROM
Sration A, By Reatons.
Oo
i 2 6 i 8 9 10 ; wv)
wes bre or fetiiiera dad Tiamiitsers) patent evens Gea
Quartiles. 3 ; Sree S
&| So || eo (a | we le] oe le] ele] oe te] le] eB lS
WiTstiewsecees od 6.1 932.1. 8.) 12.2}, 6113.91] 8-],11.3 |, 2) 1004) 5) 22.0) 5) 19.0 35]. 13.0
Second. 25.3. 350 2 GSI, 81 SOU Sil Os Cele eae See ON} eOoaaee Haeos: 33 | 10.0
MPhirdees ett 1 | 10.6°)24 11258 6] 12.5] 13] 11.41/13 |10.0] 2] 11.6 5 | 10.4 44 11.1
IWOurLN. 6285... 14.0) | 25S eb sO nS. Ose 6a ees, | oa econ, 23 | 14
a Harmonic mean.
Tape 24.—Rarre 1x Mites PER Day IN DirreRENT HAtvyES—RETURNS FROM
Sration A, By Reaions.
©
1 2 6 7 8 9 10 . iv)
a | 3%
Balvesserr ing. | : et pease
i] oO
S| me |e] eo le] me le Oe lO Le] OR] OB a i<4
Mirst_ Peeve. 9] 12.1) 11110.3]18] 9.8/19]} 9.7]15] 8.9] 10] 13.0] 10] 13.6 92] 10.5
SeCONG. = 22 cea 3] 13.0) 5|14.8] 5]14.8|13]18.7]10117.3| 3/120] 4] 86 43} 14.8
a Harmonic mean,
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON. 35
TaBLE 25.—Rare IN Mines PER Day IN DirFERENT QUARTILES—RETURNS FROM
Sration B, spy ReEarons.
6 7 8 9 10
Tas Moot SEP ELSES | SE EEE ES ieee Es te PO Potala Awerage
Quartiles. fish. rate.a
Fish. | Rate.| Fish. | Rate.| Fish. | Rate.| Fish. | Rate.) Fish. | Rate
inst -o4.. Awe 4 5.1 2 2.9 3} 11.0 10 | 20.0 14 | 18.4 33 1.0
Hecond as. oo oeeene 6] 9.3 9{ 9.1 9] 6.2 14 | 10.3 21 | 14.4 59 10.0
Ucthns hae aoe ss Smee 11 | 14.3 Oo tard 25 | 11.3 7 | 12.6 6 | 14.6 58 11.3
AY eee eee 4] 10.8 4 Raye) ns LE 19 | 13.2 18 | 10.3 13 | 13.3 69 11.9
a Harmonic mean,
TABLE 26.—RaTE IN Mines PER Day IN DiFrFERENT HALVES—RETURNS FROM
Station B, By Rearons.
6 7 8 9 10
poe | ok fee Be Bl We) oe ee - |) Total: | Agvéraga
Halves. fish. rate.a
Fish. | Rate.| Fish. | Rate.| Fish. |] Rate.| Fish. | Rate.| Fish. | Rate
MUESH. . ees FFE 2 Zl iadend 14] 6.6 19 | 8.8 27 | 12.1 36 | 16.1 108 10.5
NOCOnd SS pan ose ns 13 | 12.6 21 | 8.6 37 | 11.6 22 | 11.3 18 | 13.4 lil 10.9
a Harmonic mean.
TABLE 27.—RaTeE IN Mites PER Day IN DIFFERENT QUARTILES—RETURNS FROM
Sratron D, By Regions.
8 9 10 Average
: rate (for
Quartiles. | volt phe gezions,
ae - ee : : and 1
Fish. | Rate. | Fish. | Rate. | Fish. | Rate. only).
Witsteo-t4-=..2 65-0. 33 oad 13 8.1 5 6.7 51 4.6 7.6
Second se. SiS estes. 18 6.4 30 8.6 13 6.5 61 7.3 7.8
PNbITG. .sosee sds 3 sree 46 6.8 27 13.1 7 3.9 80 7.5 8.8
WOU soo osk a cece coe. 34 4.4 39 11.0 10 16.4 83 7.0 11.8
a Harmonic mean.
TaBLE 28.—Rare In Mines PER Day IN DirFERENT HAtvES—RETURNS FROM
Sration D, py Rearons.
8 9 10
u pee a el es le otal, |) Avermre
Halves. fish rate.a
Fish. | Rate. | Fish. | Rate. | Fish..| Rate.
tp Diy pa fareas aet e, be eagl at ehA Me eath Sed 50 4.3 43 8.3 17 6.2 110 5.6
Second..csccscsks oc ssekssssk: 81 5.5 66 11.5 18 7.4 165 pp?
ao Harmonic mean.
In the case of the quartiles, the indications are that the rate is
more od in the first than in the second quartile, and that the rates
in the third and fourth quartiles are successively more rapid than in
the second. ‘This does not appear clearly in the results from station
D, especially when the returns from region 8 are included. Omitting
the returns from region 8 (which is deemed legitimate, considering
the comparatively short distance traveled, just 20 miles from
station to the center of region 8) brings the results more
nearly in accord with those obtained from stations A and B, the only
disagreement being in the rate during the first quartile. This is, in
the case of station D, slightly less, rather than greater, than the rate
in the second quartile.
36 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
It seems not unlikely that the difference in rates of travel shown in
the different quartiles may be explained as indicating racial differences
existing in the fish composing different parts of the run. Gilbert @
has demonstrated that the Fraser River run is composed of a number
of distinguishable races, each bound to a different spawning region.
The assumption that these races may have different rates of migration
while passing through the waters of the Sound does not seem to be a
difficult one to accept. .
In the case of the halves, the results from all three stations are in
complete agreement, indicating that the rate during the second half
is distinctly more rapid than during the first half.
In connection with the above determination of the rate of progress
through Puget Sound, it must be borne in mind that the rates are
undoubtedly lower than they should be. ‘This necessarily follows
when it is considered that seldom Jess than one day, and frequently
three or four days, elapses between the times when the traps are
lifted and the fish reported. Again, the fish may spend some time
in the hearts and pot of the trap before entering the spiller, from
which they may be taken at the next lift. A fish entering the trap
immediately after it has been lifted would not be reported ‘before the
next day at the earliest, thus adding at least one day to the actual
time required to make the journey from the marking station. If
traps were uniformly lifted at 24-hour intervals, 12 hours could with
safety be subtracted from the average number of days en route and
the rate calculated accordingly. The authors’ knowledge on this
point, however, is not sufficient to warrant such treatment. It
would undoubtedly be a step in the right direction, but would tend
to give an opinion that the rates have been fully corrected, which
would be quite unwarranted by the facts. It is possible that the
ae involved is within the limits of error dependent upon other
actors.
RETURNS FROM TRIBUTARY STREAMS AND THE FRASER RIVER ABOVE
MISSION BRIDGE.
Returns were obtained from various sections of the Fraser River
watershed which have not been included in the regions indicated on
the map. ‘These sections may be indicated as follows:
: Specimens,
Main river, 3 to 27 miles above Mission............---.0--------+ 2-0-2222 2- ses 7
Main river, near Hope, Yale, Hell’s Gate, and Spuzzum.........-------------- 16
Main river at Lytton and Lillooet........0522.. 2000-2 20-2---- 0-22 e ese eee ee eee 2
Main fiver at.Soda Creela.:.3¢ 5. teen toes en ee sored > ee ee eee 2
Pate Biverr 2. -c.occcs ds oc bat acs agiReReRROeate Bee eeetes a been eee ee eee 6
Harrison Lake system, between Harrison and Lillooet Lakes. ...-..-.---------- 5
Harrison Lake system, Birkenhead River.........-.----------------+-------+-- 9
Seton Lake system, Portage Creek...-.......-0--s222-- ese eee cece eee eee eee 2
Chilcotin, Biwer .c¢ wend dos econ see ER RO ern as Bee ee Se 1
The complete data concerning these returns are given in Table 29.
The mean dates on which the fish captured in each of the above dis-
tricts were marked have been calculated and appear in the summary.
This was done in order to see, if possible, when the fish bound to the
different tributaries were to be found in Puget Sound. The possi-
bility of a segregation in time of the races demonstrated by Dr. Gil-
bert has been suggested above.
a Gilbert, Charles H.: Contributions to the life history of the sockeye salmon, Report, commissioner
of fisheries for the Province of British Columbia for 1917, paper No. 4, pp. Q33-80. Victoria, 1918,
MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
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38 MIGRATION OF ADULT SOCKEYE SALMON.
The data here presented are quite too fragmentary to afford a basis
for more than the most tentative conclusions; but the following points
are suggested:
1. The fish which go farthest up the main river before turning into
the tributary in which they are to spawn run earlier in the season.
2. The main bulk of the fish which pass up the main river past
Hope are to be found in Puget Sound at the height of the season, the
latter part of July and early in August.
3. The fish entering the lower tributaries, Pitt River and the Harri-
son Lake system, come largely from those fish constituting the last
half of the run.
In the event that it were deemed desirable to stop commercial
fishing for part of the season, it would seem that the first part should
be selected, as the indications are that there is a larger proportion of
the upriver fish in the first half of the run, and these are the fish
which have suffered more severely as a result of the disaster of 1913.
SUMMARY.
1. The experiment of tagging adult sockeye salmon in Puget
Sound was initiated in an effort to determine the routes and rates
of migration of Fraser River sockeyes in passing through the waters
where commercial fishing is permitted.
2. During July and August, 1918, numbered silver or aluminum
buttons were attached to 4,494 adult sockeyes. Of these 1,199 were
later recovered and data as to time and place of capture secured.
3. The route most commonly followed passes from the Strait of
Juan de Fuca across Washington Sound to the Salmon Banks and
Whidbey Island, then through Rosario Strait and the southern part
of the Strait of Georgia, past Point Roberts to the mouths of the
Fraser River.
4. The rate of migration as determined by the data for American
waters is approximately 10 miles per day.
5. The migration is more rapid during the last half than durimg
the first half of the season.
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL
IN PONDS
By SAMUEL F. HILDEBRAND
Superintendent, U. S. Fisheries Biological Station
Key West, Fla.
Appendix IX to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
CONTENTS.
Introduction so. 244s A2sid= 26 52 Bee eae eee eee eee ee ee
General topography of Augusta and surrounding territory ...........---.----
Gambusia affinis and the general plan pursued in testing its value in anti-
mosquito ‘work. 2.2... ete eee see Ce Pag ee: eS Oe a ee
The abundance of Gambusia, its enemies, and how it was protected........--
Means and methods employed in stocking ponds with Gambusia ..........--
Obseryations'iand experiments. .o\7)).,40e gas sa ee = eee ol eee
The number of top minnows necessary in order to secure mosquito control . - -
Other species of fishes in relation to antimosquito work...............--..--
Conelastons: 5 38s6:.52 «si 2 s\eeeasae ees esece eran on euises mee core asimae seine eee
2
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL
IN PONDS.’
By Samvuev F. HItpEBRAND,
Superintendent, U. S. Fisheries Biological Station, Key West, Fla.
INTRODUCTION.
The’ United States Commissioner of Fisheries, in response to a
request from the United States Public Health Service for an ichthy-
ologist, detailed the writer to cooperate with the public health
authorities of the extra-cantonment zone of Camp Hancock, Augusta,
Ga., in an antimalarial campaign. The duty assigned to the author
was an investigation of the effectiveness of fishes as eradicators of
the aquatic stages of the mosquito, and the conduct of such opera-
tions as would promise secure “‘ fish control” in the extra-cantonment
zone, Where there were many swamps, ponds, and small lakes in
which control by oiling was impracticable. This area covers a, terri-
tory approximately a mile wide surrounding the camp, the city of
Augusta, and a belt about a mile wide surrounding the city limits.
The swamps, fortunately, were nearly all drainable, but the ponds
were mostly so situated and of such a nature that draining was either
impracticable or impossible. The ponds, however, presented a situ-
ation which offered excellent opportunities for testing the practical
value of fishes as eradicators of mosquito larve and pupe. Experi-
ments were at once started and observations were continued from
March, 1918, to November 8, 1918. Much credit for the success of
the work is due the local authorities of the United States Public
Health Service for their excellent cooperation in furnishing labor,
transportation, and other facilities for conducting the investigation.
Quite a number of species of fishes have been mentioned by writers
in connection with the mosquito problem. The usefulness of some of
these in aquaria and small pools, at least, is well known, but accurate
information as to their effectiveness in larger bodies of water, and
especially in places where the immature mosquito finds protection
among plants or débris, is largely wanting. The summer’s investi-
gation was almost wholly devoted to the determination of the practi-
cal value in antimalarial work of the top minnow, Gambusia affinis
(Baird and Girard).
The experiments were conducted in a large series of ponds which
afforded many different conditions. It is the writer’s intention to
relate how the investigation was conducted and to mention results
and conclusions. It is hoped that the value of the top minnow may
@ This report embodies the results of investigations conducted by the Bureau of Fisheries in cooperation
with the Public Health Service and was published originally by the United States Public Health Service
in Public Health Reports, Vol. 34, No. 21, May 23, 1919.
3
4 FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL.
become better understood thereby and that the observations reported
will be of help to those who in the future may wish to employ this
useful little fish in antimalarial work.
GENERAL TOPOGRAFHY OF AUGUSTA AND SURROUNDING TERRITORY.
The city of Augusta is situated on the Savannah River, in a low
and rather flat valley, and because of the recurrence of floods and
the consequent danger to life and property, a levee was constructed
between the river and the adjacent territory. However, there is a
considerable elevation westward or toward the “Hill” section of the
city, beyond which lies Camp Hancock. The one-mile belt surround-
ing the city extends across the Savannah River and includes a sec-
tion of South Carolina. There were many swamps in this rather flat
territory, but fortunately most of these were drainable and have
been eliminated by the United States Public Health Service in coop-
Gambusia affinis (male).
eration with the authorities of Richmond County and the city of
Augusta. In addition to the swamps there are many ponds. Nearly
all of these are artificial and they vary in size and depth. Drainage,
in most instances, is impracticable, if indeed not impossible. The
majority of these ponds were made in the manufacture of brick, an
industry which was started in Augusta in about 1808. The clay pits
made by these manufacturing concerns, because of the flat nature of
the country, soon become filled with water. Sometimes after hard
rains the water is pumped out and digging is resumed in the old pits,
but frequently the digging machines are moved. Thus new ponds
are being formed constantly. There are more than one hundred of
these clay pits in the territory under protection, and in addition there
are a number of ponds or lakes which were made for the purpose of
furnishing a water supply, or for water power.
These ponds present a variety of conditions. Some of them are
very old and have become partly filled with sediment; the shores
are often gently sloping oe much aquatic vegetation is present.
Such ponds usually furnish an ideal environment for the support of
mosquito larve. The newer ponds generally have steep shores;
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL. 5
there is not much vegetation, but considerable wave action, and as a
rule these ponds are not well suited to prolific mosquito breeding.
GAMBUSIA AFFINIS AND THE GENERAL PLAN PURSUED IN TESTING
ITS VALUE IN ANTIMOSQUITO WORK.
Gambusia was selected for the present tests because, first, it seeks
its food at the surface, which appears to make it especially suitable
for antimosquito work; second, it lives and thrives under a large
variety of conditions and especially in water suitable for the support
of mosquito larvx; third, it proved to be quite common in the extra-
cantonment zone and adjacent territory; fourth, it is very prolific;
and fifth, its usefulness in destroying mosquito larve in aquaria
and fountains was already well known. .
This fish does not lay eggs, but gives birth to well developed and
very active young. It, therefore, requires no special environment,
as most other fishes do, for depositing and hatching the eggs. Young
bar
oN >
. SNe
Gambusia affinis (female).
of the season were noticed for the first time on April 24, and during
the latter half of October a gravid female still occasionally appeared
among collections. The author,* working with Gambusia at Beau-
fort, N. C., found that it breeds throughout the summer and that a
new brood is produced at intervals of about one month or six weeks.
It was observed that a single female gave birth to six broods of
young during a single season. The number of young produced at
one time appears to bear a direct relation to the size of the female, a
large female producing many more young than a small one. The
largest brood observed by the writer numbered 63, but Smith,?
working with fish from the Potomac River, found 100 in a single brood.
The young are approximately one-half inch in total length when
born; they are very active and are apparently much better adapted
to begin the struggle for an existence than most fish hatched from
eggs. They, in fact, are ready to begin the work of destroying
mosquito larve at once, for the writer has seen them attacking and
eating small and even medium-sized mosquito larve in aquaria
before they were a day old. Gambusia gains growth rapidly and
the earliest broods of the season, born in diet and May, become
a Hildebrand, Samuel F., Report, U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries, Appendix VI, 1917, p. 6.
> Smith, H. M., Science, n.s., Vol. XXXVI, 1912, p. 224,
6 FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL.
sexually mature and produce young when four to five months old.
The later broods of course do not produce young until the following
season.
The general plan pursued in testing the practical value of the top
minnow in antimalarial work may be divided into three principal
lines of activity, viz: First, that of protecting Gambusia in the area
in which the tests were to be made; second, that of increasing the
number of top minnows in the ponds in which the mosquito nuisance
was to be abated by means other than protection; and, third, that
of making careful field observations.
THE ABUNDANCE OF GAMBUSIA, ITS ENEMIES, AND HOW IT WAS
PROTECTED.
The top minnow was present in nearly all of the older ponds, doubt-
lessly having reached these during times of flood. It, however, was
not found abundant, except in a very few ponds and swamps. The
common local practice of usmg Gambusia for bait for larger fish
without doubt resulted in keeping the top minnow from becoming
more abundant. Then there were certain ponds with insufficient
shallow water to provide protection for the minnows from larger
fish, and in at least one instance a lake had become greatly over-
stocked with predacious fishes, so that there was a great dearth of
food. This lake is situated in Allen Park, within the city of Augusta.
It had been artificially stocked with large-mouthed black bass,
locally known as ‘trout,’ in addition to several species which
probably reached it during floods. Bass of 3 inches and upward in
length were almost constantly present in very shallow water, preying
on the top minnows. Sunfishes were also present in the shallow’
water, but it was not observed that they actually fed on the minnows.
In August it was quite evident that fewer Gambusia were present
in this lake than there were in April, notwithstanding the fact that
approximately 18,000 minnows had been introduced from other
sources during the intervening months. Other ponds apparently
well stocked with sunfishes and bass, and which certainly did not
offer better protection for the minnow than the lake in Allen Park,
were stocked with Gambusia, but in none of these did such disastrous
results ensue. In Allen Park all fishing was prohibited, while in tho
other ponds there was a limited amount of hook and line fishing.
The entire prohibition of fishing in Allen Park doubtlessly accounts for
the great abundance of predacious fishes, and the shortage of food
made it necessary for the fish to venture into shallower water than
they ordinarily do in search of food. Later when an effort was
made to give Gambusia a chance of survival in Allen Park, it was
learned that the shortage of food was so great that cannibalism had
undoubtedly prevailed.
The following experiment shows that the common local species of
sunfishes are not serious enemies of Gambusia. It, therefore, is
quite certain that the bass was the chief enemy of the minnow in
Allen Park. An old pond, measuring about 75 by 50 feet, with an
average depth of approximately 5 feet, was stocked during the first
week of April with about 3,000 sunfishes. Probably about 90 per
cent of the fish were bream, Lepomis incisor (Cuvier and Valen-
ciennes), and the others were warmouth and a few of other species.
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL. 7
The pond was already well stocked with Gambusia, and it doubt-
lessly possessed conditions suitable for the propagation of the top
minnow, but probably not for that of sunfishes. However, there
were present before stocking a few sunfishes. The bottom of the
pond was very muddy, the shore edges were almost free of vegeta-
tion, there was little alge, and the water was quite foul. Nearly all
of the sunfishes lived, so far as known, and the top minnow made a
notable increase during the summer. It undoubtedly is true that
Gambusia is not as abundant in this pond with the large number of
sunfishes present as it otherwise would have been, but the experi-
ment certainly shows that the bream is not very destructive to the
top minnow.
Gambusia in a few instances needed protection from natural en-
emies, but much more generally from man. The top minnow had
become quite a favorite bait for larger fish, and wherever this fish
was fairly common, fishermen and bait collectors were frequently
seen catching it with small seines and dip nets. This practice quite
certainly did more than any other one thing toward preventing Gam-
busia from becoming more abundant. Consequently, it was thought
advisable to publish a notice in the local newspapers, explaining that
this fish was useful in destroying the wiggle-tail and asking fisher-
men to kindly discontinue using it for bait. In addition, a placard
was posted at each pond, stating that the small fish were protected
as a health measure and that they were not to be used for bait. The
response to these requests was most cordial, as not an offender was seen.
Several ponds with steep shores provided very little shallow water
and the top minnow did not thrive. These ponds supported larger
fish, including the large-mouthed black bass, and it is believed that
they destroyed the minnows. The chief protection which Gambusia
finds from the larger predacious fishes, appears to be shallow water.
An effort, therefore, was made to provide this protection in the
above-mentioned ponds by grading the shore at several points in
each pond. The difficulty encountered in the pond in Allen Park
has already been mentioned. This greatly overstocked lake was
seied, and a large number of predacious fishes were removed. It
was then restocked with Gambusia, and after that, bass were not
observed feeding on the top minnow. The provisions against nat-
ural enemies were made too late in the season to bear very evident
results during the present investigation.
MEANS AND METHODS EMPLOYED IN STOCKING PONDS WITH
GAMBUSIA.
Minnows for stocking ponds were secured mainly from two sources;
first, from swamps within the protected area which were being
drained; and second, from waters outside of the extra-cantonment
zone, from places where minnows did not appear to be needed.
Large numbers of minnows were secured from these sources and
placed in ponds where few or none were present.
One pond, about 100 by 30 feet, with an average depth of about
3 feet, was used as a “‘hatchery.” This pond has a very muddy
bottom and it supports much alge and several attached plants.
All fish were removed from this pond. Then a partition, composed
160695°—20-——28
8 FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL.
partly of a dam and partly of wire netting, was built across the
pond. About 3,000 adult female Gambusia were placed in the larger
compartment. No record was kept of the number of males which
were introduced, as this is relatively unimportant,? but there were
probably not more than 10 to each 100 females. The purpose of
dividing the pond into two compartments, using a one-fourth inch
wire screen for a portion of the pee was to give the young fish
an opportunity to migrate to that section of the pond where they
could not be followed by the adults. This was thought advantageous
because of the cannibalistic habit of Gambusia, which the mother,
in confinement at least, so impressively displays ae eating her own
young oftentimes nearly as rapidly as they are born. The one-
fourth inch mesh, however, proved to be a little too large, and some
of the adults succeeded in getting through it. The reproduction in
this hatchery, nevertheless, exceeded all expectations. This pond,
being conveniently situated, furnished a ready supply of top minnows
for aquaria, fountains, pools, and wells wherever they were found to
be needed or as requests for them were received.
A very useful net for collecting top minnows is a small bobbinet
seine. ‘The one used by the writer was about 12 feet long and 3 feet
deep. Such a net, if made of a good grade of netting, is light and
durable, and it can be quickly and easily handled. A dipnet, also
made of bobbinet, was used to some advantage in places where there
was so much vegetation that a seine could not be operated.
OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS.
Field observations were made at all ponds in the protected zone
at more or less definite intervals of one week each throughout the
investigation. These were often extended beyond the protected
area for the purpose of obtaining checks on the effectiveness of the
work within the zone.
As early as March 29 a certain pond was found to be fairly alive
with mosquito larve and pupe. Further investigation proved that
no fish were present. Top minnows were then placed in the pond
for the purpose of observing whether or not the fish would destroy
the large numbers of immature mosquitoes. The fish, however,
all died in less than 45 minutes. Since the pond was near that por-
tion of the Georgia Chemical Works where sulphuric acid is manu-
factured, the presence of a chemical fatal to fish life was at once
suspected. A litmus-paper test gave a strongly acid reaction.
While the first purpose of the experiment failed, it, nevertheless,
was learned that mosquitoes can breed in water so strongly acid
that Gambusia is killed almost instantly thereby. There, however,
was another pond very near the acid pond and in appearance ver
similar to it. This one was well supplied with top minnows in ad-
dition to a few food fishes, and it was entirely free of mosquito
larve. As it did not seem reasonable that mosquitoes would select the
acid pond in preference to the unpolluted one for breeding purposes,
the only sare logical conclusion was that the absence of mosquito
larve in the latter was due to the presence of natural enemies or fish.
Another situation very similar to the one discussed in the preced-
ing paragraph was not far away, for there were nearly end to end an
@ Hildebrand, Samuel F., Report, U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries, Appendix VI, 1917, p. 7.
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL. 9
acid swamp and the pond previously referred to as the hatchery.
Anopheles Bidd in the acid swamp throughout the season, except as
interrupted from time to time by the application of oil. The hatch-
ery pond, which was evidently well suited for the support of Anoph-
eles larve, was, nevertheless, free from them, except when the
vegetation became dense and provided protection.
n April 1, mosquito larve of the Culex type were found in a ditch,
in several pools, and in a large pond. ‘These waters were all free of
débris and vegetation. The pond had steep shores, and it was very
clean. It was one of the newer brickyard ponds, and no fish were
present. All of these places, being close together, were stocked with
Gambusia at the same time. Only 6 fish were placed in each of the
pools, which were about 10 to 12 feet long, about 2 feet wide, and very
shallow. Each pool supported thousands of mosquito larve, but
in about two weeks they were made entirely free of wrigglers by the
fish and remained so until they became dry laterin the season. The
resence of comparatively few skins showed that not many of the
arve reached the adult stage. The ditch referred to was approxi-
mately 30 feet long and 1 foot wide. Mosquito larve were especially
abundant in it. aout 200 top minnows were placed there, and in
two weeks it was completely free of wrigglers. Mosquito larvee
were seen only along the shore of the big pond. It was at first stocked
with about 1,500 Gambusia, but later several thousand more were
added. The larve in this pond, too, disappeared in about two weeks
from the time the first fish were introduced and none were again
seen until September. By that time the shores had become over-
erown with vegetation which furnished protection for Anopheles
larve against fish. This vegetation was cut and the shores were
raked. A large school of top minnows followed the workmen, de-
stroying the immature mosquito and other insect larvee as quickly as
their hiding places were destroyed.
It was possible in several instances to connect ditches and swamps
which were thickly infested with mosquito larve with ponds that were
well supplied with top minnows. erever this was done, large
numbers of fish entered these waters and destroyed the mosquito
larvee in a surprisingly short time.
Yor the purpose of comparison and as further evidence of the value
of Gambusia in controlling mosquito breeding two other small ponds
are worthy of mention. ‘These ponds are situated at the intersection
of the tracks of the Georgia Central and the Belt Line railroads, and
they are of about equal size. The top minnow had reached one of
the ponds from an unknown source, and it was entirely free of
mosquito larve. The other was without fish, and mosquitoes were
breeding in it in abundance. ‘The inference, in the absence of any -
evidence to the contrary, of course, is that the top minnows destroyed
the mosquito larvee in the first pond.
During the latter part of October two new brickyard ponds were
found to be breeding large numbers of mosquito larve. The ponds
had become supplied with some vegetation; the mosquito larve,
however, were not confined to these hiding places, but were quite
generally distributed over the ponds, and sauld be seen in perfectly
clear water. Anopheles larvee previously had been noticed only once
away from all protection, and chan as now, in a pond not stocked with
fish. On October 23 about 1,000 Gambusia were placed in one pond
10 FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL.
and the other was left as a control. On October 26 no pronounced
reduction in the number of larve in the pond which had been stocked
was noticeable. On October 29, however, a remarkable decrease
was evident, only a few larve being left, and these were found in
vegetation. At the end of this time the immature mosquitoes in
the other pond (control) were as abundant as ever.
Many similar experiments and observations could be mentioned,
but as the results for all were nearly identical it is not advantageous
to do so, It then may be stated that wherever mosquitoes were
breeding prolifically Gambusia was not present, but, if introduced,
mosquito breeding was eliminated or at least greatly reduced. Wher-
ever the complete elimination of mosquito larve did not result, if
sufficient top minnows were present the immature mosquitoes were
so protected by vegetation or débris that they could not be detected
or reached by the fish.
All aquatic plants, however, do not furnish protection for mosquito
larvee and pup against fish, and some even may be repellent. The
following-named Pea appeared to provide good protection and
caused considerable trouble during the investigation: (a) The aquatic
grass, Hydrochloa carolinensis; (6) ‘‘Coon-tail moss,” a species of
Myriophyllum; and (c) Alge. The aquatic grass grows in shallow
water and along the shores. It has many slightly submerged leaves
over which the horizontally floating or swimming Anopheles larvee
hover, out of sight and out of reach of fish. erever this plant
occurs some Anopheles larve are almost sure to be present regardless
of the abundance of Gambusia. It, therefore, is obvious that if this
lant occurs in ponds in which mosquito control is desired, it must
eremoved. ‘This may be done by cutting and raking, or if growing
in soft mud it ney be pulled up by the roots.
The plant locally known as ‘‘coon-tail moss”’ causes trouble only
when it becomes detached and rises to the surface. This plant was
present in only a few ponds in which an endeavor was made to
secure mosquito control, and it caused considerable trouble in only
one. It is ordinarily attached to the bottom, but in this instance
some of the plants became detached from time to time and came to
the surface. There each plant collected more or less débris, alge
grew among its branches and thus formed a mass in which both
types of mosquito larve found protection. This floating mass must
be removed from time to time; this can be done best on a windy
day when it drifts inshore.
Algee often form mats which float at or near the surface. Mosquito
larve, particularly Anopheles, find protection from fish over and in
these mats. Copper sulphate was used in the proportion of 8 pounds
to 1,000,000 gallons of water for killing the alge, but this treatment
must usually be repeated frequently. ‘Toward the close of the season
a light gas oil, used by fie toad! office of the United States Publie
Health Service in antimalarial work, was sprayed on the algal pads
wherever the use of the water did not preclude this practice. This
oil, if used in moderate quantities, is not injurious to fish; 1t can be
quickly and conveniently applied, and it is very effective, for the
algal pads act like sponges, retaining the oil and making them unin-
habitable for the mosquito.
Water lilies do not, as a rule, appear to furnish much protection
while growing, but some of the plants die from time to time. The
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL. 11
leaf then often partly sinks, forming a depression over the center
while the edges remain at the surface. The cup thus formed holds
enough water to support mosquito larve, and with respect to fish
the larve contained therein are perfectly safe. When the dead leaves
get inshore, they of course frequently make places inaccessible to
sh.
Grasses and rushes and other plants, having straight stocks and
no slightly submerged leaves, furnish no protection. Areas over-
crown with such plants have been carefully examined for mosquito
larve, but wherever Gambusia was present no immature mosquitoes
were found.
The aquatic plant, Naias flexilis, which was common in several
ponds, forming a dense growth over the bottom, normally does not
rovide protection, as it does not reach the surface of the water.
uring the severe fall drought the water, however, became so low
that it was near the surface or partly exposed in many places, making
such a dense mass that fish could not penetrate it. erever this
occurred it furnished excellent protection and Anopheles larve and
Bape were common.
he duck weed, Spirodela polyrrhiza, was present in only one
ond, over which it formed an almost continuous cover. No mosquito
arvee were seen in this pond, indicating that this plant does not
furnish protection for the mosquito from fish. It, in fact, is likely
that mosquitoes can not breed under such conditions, but as this
pend was Well supplied with Gambusia no data supporting this proba-
ility were obtainable therefrom.
The smart weed (Polygonum) is another plant that not only does
not appear to provide protection but which may actually be repellent.
Many places overgrown with this weed were repeatedly examined,
but mosquito larve were not found even in apparently favorable
hiding places.
Nearly all marginal plants, by projecting partly into the water, by
falling into it after maturing, or by becoming partly submerged after
freshets, furnish protection for mosquito larve. These plants should
be removed when possible.
It is evident from the study of plants in relation to mosquito control
by means of fish that it is highly desirable to remove from the ponds
those plants having leaves just below the surface of the water and to
treat alge in such a way as to make them useless as protectors of
mosquitoes. The presence of these plants was by far the most impor-
tant obstacle to be overcome in securing mosquito control in the
many ponds in the extra-cantonment zone of Camp Hancock. A
rather constant vigilance was necessary in order to keep a large series
of ponds free of such plants, but it is not very difficult work or
usually very expensive, for two laborers provided with hoes, rakes,
a knapsack spray can, and some oil could take care of quite a number
of ponds during the course of a season. In badly infested ponds it
is occasionally advantageous to cut the vegetation with a patented
device known on the market as a submarine saw.
It is very interesting to observe how quickly the top minnows learn
to follow the workmen engaged in cutting and raking vegetation from
ponds. They soon become quite tame and schools of them work
almost under the tools of the laborers, catching mosquito larvee and
other insects as quickly as their hiding places are destroyed.
12 FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL.
This work around the ponds caused the top minnows to become
tame, and that made it possible to perform certain feeding ex-
periments which otherwise could not have been made. One of
these feeding observations is described in the writer’s field notes as
follows: ‘I took several large Anopheles larvee from dense vegetation
and placed them in open water among top minnows. With one
larva was a small piece of bark. The larva hovered over this piece
of bark and the fish did not detect it. When it was placed in open
water, without the least protection, the fish swam around it, even
‘nosed’ it, while the larva lay perfectly motionless. At last a rather
small minnow seized and swallowed it. Placed another larva in
open water among fish. This one too lay perfectly still, drifting like -
a small stick, while fish swam all about, nosing it a time or two, but
apparently not detecting that it was alive and something to eat.
Finally it drifted near a tuft of grass and with a surprisingly quick
movement it swam into the vegetation. It was removed and placed
in open water. There it lay motionless for about five minutes, when
at last it was snapped up by an undersized minnow. A third was
placed in open water; it too drifted along perfectly motionless for
about five minutes before it was finally detected by an undersized
minnow. Once this larva drifted very close to the grass from which
it was originally removed, but it made no effort to get back into it.
This may have been due to the presence of fish between it and the
grass.”” In some of the feeding experiments the larvee were much
more quickly detected by the fish than in the one just described.
The rapidity with which they are found and eaten probably depends
to a certain extent, at least, upon the eagerness with which food is
being sought by the fish.
These feeding experiments, which were repeated many times,
demonstrated that the protective instinct in mosquito larvee is highly
developed. It was shown many times that the only protection an
Anopheles larva has from fish in open water is inactivity. When the
larva thus drifts along fish evidently mistake it for an inanimate
object, for, as already shown, they may swim all around it for several
minutes, even touch the larva with the snout and yet not discover
that it is food. The slightest movement, however, on the part of
the wriggler apparently never goes unseen and it is instantly seized
and devoured by the fish. It often happens that a mosquito larva
placed in open water drifts toward places of protection before it is
discovered by the minnows and, if no fish are very near, or are present
between the larva and the place of protection, it moves toward it
with a remarkable rate of speed and quickly places itself over the
object near the surface of the water where it can not be seen by
fish. It, however, remains motionless if fish are near.
It is not to be assumed from what has been said in the foregoin
paragraphs that mosquito larve are as abundant in vegetation an
débris when Gambusia is present as when absent. An Anopheles
larva may find temporary protection over a blade of grass, but if is
scarcely probable that this larva will spend its entire existence over
a single blade of grass, and, if it moves, it is in great danger of losing
its life. Then when it reaches the pupal stage the blade of grass is
obviously not as well suited as previously to furnish protection. In
this stage of life the mosquito appears to be much more active than
in the larval stage. This vould endanger its life still further, for it
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL. 13
has been shown that in the presence of fish, action is certain destruc-
tion., The presence of larve in a pond, therefore, must not be taken
as a certain criterion that fish are failing to provide mosquito control.
On the other hand the many dipping experiments have shown that
comparatively few mosquito larve are present in the best hiding
places, if Gambusia is at hand, for rarely more than three or four
larvee were taken at one time. When Gambusia was absent, it, how-
ever, was not unusual to take so many larve at one dip that they
could not be accurately counted in the dipper.
It, then, is evident that mosquito breeding, if not entirely elim-
inated, is at least greatly reduced by the top minnow.
THE NUMBER OF TOP MINNOWS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO SECURE
MOSQUITO CONTROL.
The writer has already been asked several times the general ques-
tion, ‘‘How many top minnows are necessary in a pond in order to
prevent mosquito breeding?”? Data upon which a definite answer
could be based are extremely difficult to obtain, for there are scarcely
two ponds which offer identical conditions. The size of the pond
of course must be considered; whether or not it is subject to wave
action is of importance; the presence or absence of vegetation is very
important; and the presence or absence of enemies of Gambusia must
not be overlooked. Even then, we can only make a guess, for
anopheline mosquito larve, at least, breed much more prolifically in
some ponds than they do in others for reasons not understood.
A pond on the Milledgeville Road belonging to the Sanitary Dairy
Co. furnishes a notable example of a place nicl is apparently well
adapted to mosquito breeding, yet during many inspections com-
paratively few larve were fond. Among them were present not
more than a half dozen Anopheles. There is much vegetation pres-
ent along the shores, consisting principally of aquatic grass, and there
is considerable débris. Gambusia is wanting, and the species of fishes
which are present failed to provide mosquito control elsewhere.
Furthermore, wherever apparently similar conditions prevail in other
ponds, particularly with respect to the presence of aquatic grass,
some Anopheles larve were present regardless of the abundance of
Gambusia.
That Anopheles do not breed in some places which apparently offer
excellent conditions for the support of the larve has been noted by
Le Prince and Orenstein:% ‘‘In many places apparently well fitted
for the support of Anopheles larve thay were absent yet lived and
developed when placed therein as an experiment. The reason why
Anopheles eggs are not laid in certain areas apparently in every way
similar to those in which larve are found is yet inesalieis”
It has been demonstrated through laboratory tests that one top
minnow may destroy a large number of mosquito larvee in a short
time. The writer® observed that one adult female ate 165 large
larvee in less than 12 hours, and Seale,* working with this fish in the
Philippine Islands, reports that one pair of half-grown Gambusia ate
5,041 mosquito larve, by actual count, from December 9, 1915, to
a Le Prince, Joseph A., and Orenstein, A. J., Mosquito Controlin Panama, p.12. Putnam, New York
and London, 1916. .
6 Hildebrand, Samuel F., Report U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries, Appendix VT, 1917, p. 5.
ce Seale, Alvin, The Philippine Journal of Science, Vol. XII, sec. D, No. 3, Manila, 1917, p. 180.
14 FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL.
February 25, 1916. It has been shown in this paper that a small
number of minnows freed badly infested pools of mosquito larve in
a short time; also that they destroyed the mosquito larve in ponds
and kept the ponds free of the aquatic stages of the mosquito, unless
protection was provided by plants or débris. From the knowledge
which has thus been gained we may conclude that, if a pond furnishes
little or no protection for mosquito larve, a small number of top
minnows is sufficient, but if it does furnish protection a much larger
number is desirable. Antimosquito work, however, may be started
with a very small number of Gambusia, for this fish multiplies rapidly.
There appears to be no danger of overstocking, as observations indi-
cate that the more fish a pond supports the more certain are the
practical results.
OTHER SPECIES OF FISHES IN RELATION TO ANTIMOSQUITO WORK,
No special experiments were conducted with other species of
fishes in relation to mosquito control, but some information was
gained from incidental observations.
Fundulus nottii.
The “star-headed minnow,” Fundulus nottit (Agassiz), is prob-
ably of considerable value in antimalarial work. Its habits are very
similar to those of Gambusia, for it feeds at the surface and frequents
localities suitable for the support of mosquito larve. Its habits
certainly are such that it is worthy of a trial. This fish occurred
in a few ponds in the protected area, but as Gambusia was also
present, nothing definite in regard to their value could be learned
from these sources. This species, however, was very abundant and
Gambusia scarce in a lake located just off the Old Savannah Road,
about 8 miles distant from Augusta, belonging to the Carmichael
Hunting Club. This lake apparently offered excellent conditions
for the support of Anopheles larve, but during two visits when sev-
eral hundred yards of shore edge margined with considerable vege-
tation were examined only a very few larvee were seen. The scarcity
of mosquito larvee was very probably due to the presence of F.
nottii, unless this pond should happen to be one of those in which
mosquitoes do not oviposit for reasons unknown.
Several species of sunfishes have been mentioned by authors in
connection with antimosquito work, but the writer’s observations
indicate that they are of doubtful value. For example, one large
pond supplied with bream, warmouth, and the blue-spotted sunfish
supported large numbers of mosquito larve of both types, and top
U.S. B. F.—Doc., 874. PEATE I.
FIG. 1—POND ABUNDANTLY STOCKED WITH SUNFISHES AND TOP
MINNOWS.
FIG. 2—SECTION OF HATCHERY.
Notice reads: ‘‘Small fish in this pond are protected by the United States Public
Health Service as a health measure, and must not be used for bait.’
FIG. 3—SECTION OF HATCHERY SHOWING PARTITION BETWEEN PONDS
(A PORTION OF THE GEORGIA CHEMICAL WORKS IN BACKGROUND).
U.S. B. F.—Doce. 874. PEATESIIE
FIG. 4—SPRAYING OIL ON AN ACID SWAMP IN WHICH FISH CAN NOT
LIVE BUT WHICH SUPPORTS ANOPHELES LARVA:
FIG. 5.—SECTION OF CLEAN SHORE OF A POND WHERE MOSQUITO
LARVA WERE ABUNDANT BEFORE INTRODUCING TOP MINNOWS.
FIG. 6—SHOWING GROWTH OF AQUATIC GRASS IN CORNER OF POND.
SUCH GRASS FURNISHES EXCELLENT PROTECTION FOR MOSQUITO
LARVA.
‘
U.S. B. F.—Doc. 874. PLATE III.
rr ihe ip
‘aoein re &
meotty + ner
FIG. 7.—AQUATIC GRASS GROWING ALONG THE SHALLOW EDGE OF A
POND WHERE IT FORMS PROTECTION FOR MOSQUITO LARVA.
FIG. 8—FLOATING PLANTS OF MYRIOPHYLLUM AND DEBRIS WHICH
PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR MOSQUITO LARVA.
FIG. 9—TREATING POND WITH COPPER SULPHATE FOR KILLING ALGA.
LABORER IS DRAGGING A SMALL BAG OF THE CHEMICAL THROUGH
THE WATER BY MEANS OF A POLE.
U. S. B. F.—Doc. 874. PLATE IV.
FIG. 10.—SPRAYING OIL ON ALGAL PADS TO DESTROY THEIR USEFUL-
NESS AS HIDING PLACES FOR THE IMMATURE MOSQUITO.
FIG. 12.—RUSHES GROWING IN END OF POND. THESE PLANTS RARELY
PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR MOSQUITO LARVA,
U.S. B. F.—Doce. 874. PLATE V.
FIG. 13.—TALL RUSHES AND GRASSES WHICH DO NOT PROVIDE PRO-
TECTION FOR MOSQUITO LARVA.
FIG. 14—POND SUPPORTING DENSE VEGETATION CONSISTING PRIN-
CIPALLY OF SMART WEEDS WHICH DO NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION
FOR MOSQUITO LARVA.
FIG. 15.—SECTION OF POND SHOWING ABUNDANT GROWTH OF TALL
VEGETATION WHICH DOES NOT PROVIDE MUCH PROTECTION FOR
MOSQUITO LARVA.
U. S. B. F.—Dos. 874. PLATE Vi.
FIG. 16.—DISTANT VIEW OF POND. MUCH MARGINAL VEGETATION WHICH
USUALLY FURNISHES SOME PROTECTION FOR MOSQUITO LARVA.
FIG. 17.—SHOWING MARGINAL VEGETATION REMOVED.
FIG. 18.—SPRAYING OIL ON ALGAL PADS,
In foreground is seen some of the aquatic grass, Hydrochloa carolinensis, which
provides excellent protection for mosquito larvae.
FISHES IN RELATION TO MOSQUITO CONTROL. 15
minnows had to be introduced in order to secure mosquito control.
A similar condition in the presence of sunfishes, the pumpkin seed
being the most abundant one, was observed by the writer on the
Potomac River at Bryans Point, Md., in 1912.
The size and habitat of the pigmy sunfish suggest that it might be
of value in the control of the mosquito, but the information obtained
points to the contrary, for Culex larve were plentiful in unprotected
places in a certain swamp where this fish was quite common.
The roach minnow, in confinement, at least, appears to destroy
mosquito larve, as indicated in the following observation. Two
minnows were left in a “bait well’? when it was abandoned by bait
collectors. This well was about 10 feet long and 5 feet wide with a
depth of about 2 feet. The two minnows kept this well wholly free
of mosquito larvee for several months. Then an oil distributor came
by, seeing that it was a favorable place for breeding mosquitoes, and
not knowing of the presence of the fish, sprayed the well with oil.
The oil killed the roach minnows, and after it evaporated mosquito
larvee appeared in countless numbers.
Goldfish, while probably of very little value in large bodies of
water where other food is obtainable, are useful in confinement. A
considerable number of fountains stocked with goldfish were exam-
ined, and if they were properly built so that all parts were accessible to
fish, and if fairly free of vegetation and débris, no mosquito larvee
were present.
CONCLUSIONS.
1. Gambusia affinis is especially suitable for antimosquito work
because: (a) It seeks its food at the surface; (b) it is very prolific; (c)
it gives birth to well-developed young, therefore requiring no special
environment for depositing and hatching the eggs; (d) it lives and
thrives under a large variety of conditions and frequents areas espe-
cially suitable for the support of mosquito larve; (e) it usually lives
and multiplies in ponds stocked with predacious fishes, providing it
has very shallow water for refuge.
2. Plants which have slightly submerged leaves and stems or which
form floating masses are the chief sources of protection for mosquito
larve against the top minnow. Such plants should be removed
from the water or treated in such a way as to make them uninhabit-
able for the immature mosquito.
3. Mosquitoes may breed in water so badly polluted that Gambusia
is almost instantly killed thereby.
4, Gambusia affinis is of great value in antimosquito work. It
eliminates the wriggler completely from ponds which are fairly free
of protective vegetation and débris. If much protection is furnished
by vegetation and débris, the immature mosquito is not entirel
eliminated, but the number reaching the adult stage is greatly renee.
5. The number of top minnows necessary in a body of water in
order to secure mosquito control depends largely upon the conditions
which prevail with respect to places of protection, i.e., a much smaller
number of Gambusia is necessary, if the water is fairly free of hiding
places for mosquito larvee against fish, than if the reverse is true.
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FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES
REPORT OF THE
DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND METHODS
OF THE FISHERIES FOR 1918
By LEWIs RADCLIFFE
Assistant in Charge
Appendix X to the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918
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DM FELE GEOINT EHE WOES co tie eres: on Seer See tse carte ema NS ee ein pie eee
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Need of laboratories for the solution of the practical problems of the industry - -
PRR EP YE OUUe (STA DOLACOPY co 05 a= Rawr a talioe ee hauds bie wa Sao Seale See See
Study of the principles of preserving fish with salt..............---.-----
Experiments in the preparation of fishery products for the table. . >... .--
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FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND METHODS OF THE
FISHERIES FOR 1918.
By Lewis Rapcurrre, Assistant in Charge.
INTRODUCTION.
In recent years the only report of the work of this division, in-
cluding the mass of detailed statistics of the fisheries collected durin
the preceding calendar year, has been incorporated in the annua
report of the Commissioner prepared at the close of the fiscal year.
That these statistics and discussions may be made available to the
public at an earlier date, and for other urgent reasons, it has been
deemed advisable to issue a detailed report of the work of the division
at the close of each calendar year. The work of the division for the
first half of the calendar year 1918, including the results of several
statistical canvasses, has been dealt with in some detail in the Com-
missioner’s report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918, and has
been omitted from the present report. The results of a canvass of
the fisheries of the Pacific Coast States for 1915 were presented in
condensed form in the Commissioner’s report for the fiscal year 1917.
The statistics and other information obtained in this canvass are
given in detail in this report.
SUMMARY OF THE WORK.
In its relations with the fishing industries in 1918 the Bureau has
striven to render the largest possible measure of service in increasing
the consumption of fish and in the development of markets for fishery
products, particularly the little-used or neglected forms. Special
attention has also been given to increasing the use of the waste
products of the fisheries, such as roe and buckroe, the meat of whales
and porpoises, etc., for food; the use of fish waste and waste fish for
conversion into oil and fertilizer or fish meal as an animal feed; and
the use of the skins of sharks and other unused aquatic forms for
tanning into leather and the like. The adoption of improved meth-
GHe and the discontinuance of wasteful practices have been encour-
aged,
The industries, particularly those engaged in canning and preserv-
ing fish by other methods, Aes under a serious handicap through
ignorance of the scientific principles underlying these operations,
the methods being largely empirical. The Bureau has started investi-
gations in the canning and salting of fish for the purpose of establish-
ing the basic principles governing these operations and determining
5
6 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
their application to effect improvement in methods in practice, in the
quality of the product, and in economy of operation. Although but
recently inaugurated, these investigations give promise of yielding
valuable results to the industry and clarifying our understanding of
the processes, thereby enabling us to proceed more intelligently.
One of the major Ponbtions of the Uivision is the taking of inven-
tories of the fisheries. The importance of such work as a guide to
the States in the enactment of proper legislation governing the
protection of the fisheries, to mention only one of the needs for such
work, should be self-evident. During the year the following sta-
tistical canvasses were made: Coastal fisheries of New York and
New Jersey, exclusive of shellfish for 1917; the fisheries on Five-
Fathom Bank, N. J., for 1916 and 1917; the shad fishery of the
Hudson River for the years 1917 and 1918; the fisheries of Lake
Pepin and Lake Keokuk for 1917; and the fisheries of the Great
Lakes, Lake of the Woods, and Rainy Lake for 1917. In addition,
the detailed statistics of the vessel fisheries centering at Boston and
Gloucester, Mass., Portland, Me., and Seattle, Wash., have been col-
lected and the information published in the form of monthly and
annual bulletins for the use of the trade. These data, together with
the results of the canvass of the Great Lakes fisheries, appear in the
present report. The Bureau is striving to make its statistical can-
vasses with sufficient frequency to cover the major geographical
divisions of the fisheries once in a five-year period. To do this
properly will require a somewhat larger force of statistical agents.
INCREASING CONSUMPTION OF FISHERY PRODUCTS.
The unusual demands on our food resources in 1918 afforded
exceptional opportunities for educating the public to the value of
fish and fishery products with which it was little acquainted. The
Bureau endeavored to meet this situation and employed assistants
experienced in the fisheries to assist in the development of markets
and the education of the public to the merits of fish as food. It was
instrumental in introducing approximately a half million pounds of
Gulf fish to the markets of Nashville, Tenn., Louisville, Ky., and
Indianapolis, Ind. These shipments, packed under the supervision
of Government agents by the most approved methods to insure
arrival in the best of condition, were made in car lots by the Gulf
producers. This has resulted in enlarging the markets for fish from
this region and acquainting many people with the merits of species
common to the region. To effect relief for unsatisfactory shipping
conditions, similar service was inaugurated between Chincoteague,
Va., and the markets of Philadelphia and New York, and a number
of shipments were made under supervision of Government agents.
Assistance was rendered in introducing canned river-herring prod-
ucts (fish, roe, and buckroe), sea herring, and gadoid buckroe to the
markets of Atlanta, Ga., Birmingham and Montgomery, Ala., and
Knoxville, Nashville, and Chattanooga, Tenn.; this resulted in bring-
ing nearly 14,000 cases of these products, valued at over $54,000, to
these markets.
Whaling companies were encouraged to save and market whale
meat, and a placard and an economic circular were issued to aid in
creating a demand for the product and in educating the housewife
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 7
how to prepare it. West-coast whaling companies have provided a
cold-storage and distributing plant with a capacity of about 3,000
tons, a 500-ton freezing plant, a refrigeration steamer, and a cannery
with a capacity of 50,000 cases. In 1918, 30,000 cases of the meat
were canned and 195 tons of frozen meat marketed. With available
equipment, an output of 50,000 cases of canned meat and 1,000 tons
of frozen meat is expected during the coming season.
The following description of the methods employed in the canning
of whale meat is taken from the January, 1919, Yearbook of the
Pacific Fisherman: f
The equipment and method of canning are quite similar to those used in Pacific
coast salmon canneries, with obvious differences in the preliminary handling. The
whales for canning are hauled out on a special concrete slip, constantly flooded with
fresh running water, and here the meat is removed in the same way as for freezing.
After being cooled it is placed in a mild brine for about 36 hours, which remoyes all
blood, at the same time practically eliminating the gamy taste. The strips of meat
are then passed through a salmon cutter of familiar type, which cuts them into pieces
the right size for 1-pound flat cans. The cans are then put through the exhaust box
for 30 minutes, sealed and cooked in the retort for an hour and twenty minutes, after
which they are ready for labeling and shipping.
The lack of understanding of the best ways to prepare fish for the
table, of the relative merits of the different varieties of fish and
fishery products, and their value as food, is to a considerable extent
responsible for the lack of demand for fish. Such obstacles can best
be met by education and practical demonstration. To do this, rep-
resentatives of the Bureau were detailed to give lectures and demon-
strations in fish cookery, beginning in May and continuing throughout
the year. More than 70 demonstrations were given, the following
places being visited: Seattle, Everett, Bellingham, Spokane, Yakima,
and Aberdeen, Wash.; Portland and Gladstone Park, Oreg.; and San
Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda, Stockton, and Sacramento,
Calif. 'These demonstrations were very popular with the housewives,
the average attendance being about 100 persons.
The following fish and fishery products were used for demonstra-
tion purposes: Albacore, barracuda, bocaccio, bonito, carp, catfish,
flounders, hake, halibut, kingfish, lingcod, chub mackerel, horse mack-
erel, grayfish, perch, rockfishes, sablefish, sand dab, sardine, shad,
skates, skipjack, smelt, soupfin shark, sole, sturgeon, yellowtail, and
heads, milts, and livers of salmon; also squid, octopus, and whale.
Among the forms especially popular wére shark, squid, skate, yellow-
tail, sablefish, flounders, sole, kingfish, mackerel, and salmon milts.
Buying of fish in the round, the viscera alone being removed, was
advocated. This is cheaper and much waste is eliminated, as the
head, trimmings, and bones, which are richest in flavor and are usu-
ally discarded by the dealer, are thus saved. ‘These parts are used
to make delicious soups and gravies, or, if in smaller quantity, as the
foundation for a cream sauce. In thus utilizing Padtivall every
part of the fish for food, one day’s supply will usually serve for two.
In place of frying, the hot-oven method of cooking was recom-
mended. By this means practically all the unpleasant odors of cook-
ing fish are eliminated, economy in the use of fats is effected, and
time is saved in both cooking and serving. Creamed dishes, souffles,
and imitation chops are made from left-over fish. Salads also are
made from these, as well as from freshly steamed fish.
160695°—20——29
8 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Through these demonstrations large numbers of women have
learned that fish, when properly cooked, are most delicious, and that
many of the cheaper varieties are fully the equal of some of the better-
known, high-priced species. In addition, the fish dealers everywhere
have been enthusiastic in the reports of increased sales of fish demon-
strated. The need of more educational work of this character is
evidenced at all points visited.
NEED OF LABORATORIES FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE PRACTICAL
PROBLEMS OF THE INDUSTRY.
Agriculture has benefited greatly by the work of the agricultural
experiment stations, both Federal and State, through colleges devoted
to the training of men and women for the industry, and through the
study of the problems by highly skilled experts. The fisheries, the
other great food-producing industry, with their mnumerable problems,
have lacked and suffered for lack of these advantages, with the
result that the methods in practice have been developed empirically,
without definite knowledge of the basic principles governing the oper-
ations or without their application to the best and most economical
advantage. The fact that a method has worked, has sufficed. Fuel,
time, labor, and food are wasted, and fisheries remain undeveloped
for want of satisfactory methods of preservation and markets for the
products.
The preservation of fish by salting will serve to illustrate. Al-
though this has been practiced for centuries, there has been little
improvement in the methods; large quantities of cured fish are lost
annually by spoilage, and still larger quantities of fresh fish, for
which no ready or accessible markets exist, are thrown away because
of the possibility of loss if cured. The man in the industry is con-
fronted with innumerable problems of spoilage, quality, color, or
practical methods, and the like, problems which should be solved if
the industry is to progress, but which remain unsolved because the
individual lacks the facilities and frequently the training necessary
to their solution.
There is also an underconsumption of fish, due, in part, to the
inferior quality of much that is placed on the market, and, in part,
to the consumer’s ignorance of the dietetic qualities and peculiarities
of the various species and their consequent improper preparation for
the table. As described above, the increasing consumption of fish
in districts where the Bureau educated the public to the merits of
fish as food by means of lectures, demonstrations, placards, and cir-
culars but serves to emphasize the need of further public educational
work along such lines.
For years the Bureau has been handicapped in this field for lack
of facilities for practical demonstration and experimentation in the
methods of preparing and preserving fishery products. It has held
that it should be provided with adequate equipment and personnel
to render effective aid to the industry, to do in its particular field
what the agricultural experiment station does for agriculture, and
that it could accomplish some important results in some fields within
a short period of time.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 9
FISHERY PRODUCTS LABORATORY.
A step has been taken in this direction, however. On July 2, 1918,
the President approved and authorized an allotment of $125,000
from the fund for the national security and defense to enable the
Bureau to build and equip in Washington, D. C., a laboratory in
which to conduct work of this character. Work was begun immedi-
ately on the plans for the building and its equipment. Before the
end of the year construction of a building of hollow tile and concrete,
45 by 80 feet, with two floors and an attic, had been begunand orders
for equipment were being placed. It is expected that it will be
completed and fully equipped by July 1, 1919.
On the first floor there is a large work laboratory, a chemical
laboratory, low-temperature rooms for storage and refrigeration, a
built-in smokehouse, incubation room, and storeroom. On thesecond
floor are a large laboratory, a fishery-products exhibit and demon-
stration room, an experimental kitchen, and offices. Convenient
arrangements for supplies of water, gas, and electric power have
been made, and a steam boiler for supplying steam to the various
units is provided for. Vacuum and compressed air pipes will be
placed in convenient places.
For canning purposes there are to be a complete plant for sealing tin
cans by a double seamer, an exhaust box, a retort with steam supply,
a complete equipment for sealing and processing glass containers by
a vacuum process, and another for tin containers in vacuo. An
experimental plant for freezing fish in brine by the Ottensen method
has been imported from Denmark and has been employed to demon-
strate the method to interested members of the industry. For drying
fish and fishery products an apparatus is being provided in which
the heat will be controlled, the feruiekiee of the air brought to any
degree desired and held at that point by an air conditioner, and the
volume of air driven over the product by motors controlled with
dampers. ‘This is, of course, not intended for commercial purposes,
but for experiments of wide latitude. There is also a built-in smoke-
house of hollow tile and cement, with a flue, iron air-tight doors,
ventilators, shavings pans heated with gas, a long-distance recording
thermometer, and dampers for control of heat and ventilation.
Cooking vats, a hydraulic press, a filter press, and a grinder will be
provided for use in problems connected with the utilization of fish
waste.
The incubation room will be provided with a recording thermometer
and hygrometer and electric heat. Automatic control will afford
means of holding any constant temperature above ordinary temper-
atures up to 112° F. For refrigeration purposes a carbon-dioxide
machine is to be employed, and three rooms of different temperatures,
automatically controlled, the lowest ranging to —20 or —25° F.,.
are to be provided. The experimental kitchen is fully equipped for
the purposes it is to serve, as is the chemical laboratory.
In the conduct of experimental work it is regarded as of great
importance that all factors which influence the character of the
products be known, measured, and controlled, for it is usually by
altering factors that improvements are effected. In the industry
these factors—time, temperatures, strengths of brine, fuel for smoke-
house, and purity of materials—are seldom measured and never
10 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
controlled. Careful consideration has, therefore, been given to
means of measuring such factors in the laboratory and varying and
controlling them as investigation necessitates. Wherever required,
recording thermometers and hygrometers, thermostats, pitot tubes,
pressure and vacuum gauges, and other measuring and controlling
devices have been installed, and measuring apparatus, such as a
viscosimeter, refractometer, polarimeter, colorimeter, specific-gravity
balances, etc,, have been provided for the chemical study of processes.
STUDY OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PRESERVING FISH WITH SALT.
Without waiting for the completion of the fishery products
laboratory, the Bureau immediately made arrangements for the
initiation of various investigations, one of which concerns the preserva-
tion of fish with salt. The primary object of this investigation was to
determine whether this useful method of preserving is necessarily
limited to the cooler regions of the country and to a few species or
whether it could by improvement be extended to other regions and
other fishes. A number of fundamental questions are involved in the
solution of this problem, namely, the factors influencing the rate of
penetration of brine, the maximum temperature at which salting is
successful, the mode of application of the salt, the effect of impurities
in the salt, the rate and nature of the decomposition which takes
ee in tissues before the salt reaches them, the influence of the skin,
at, dressing, and cleaning, the amount of nutrients and water
removed, etc. Various brands of commercial salt were compared
with chemically pure salt as a standard. In the absence of proper
laboratory facilities in the Washington office, the work was initiated
in cooperation with the National Research Council at Johns Hopkins
University Medical School, Baltimore, Md., and Dr. E. V. McCollum
very kindly volunteered to supervise the experimental work done at
that institution.
Significant results were attained within a few months, it being
shown that the impurities in salt, even in small quantities, have a
marked effect on iis process of salting and on the quality of the
salted product. In these experiments, squeteague were used. Pure
sodium chloride penetrates the fish very rapidly and completely and
produces a soft, yellow-meated, flexible fish. Small amounts of
calcium chloride and magnesium chloride retard the penetration of
the sodium chloride, but produce a firmer, whiter fish than pure sodium
chloride. As these are common, almost constant, impurities in salt,
it would appear that they may interfere with the preservation of
fish in warm climates, such as obtain in our Southern States. As
indicated, these products also affect the quality and eter of
the product. Thusit may be rea not only to bring about a more
rapid and complete brining of fish in a much shorter time but also
to produce salt fish possessing almost any desired degree of hardness
and whiteness. Data were also sought as to the relative merits of the
two methods of salting fish in brine or in dry salt, the amount and
rate of decomposition of protein into the end product, amino-acid
nitrogen, being determined. These experiments indicated that the
dry-salting method is the more efficient at the higher temperatures.
aa guraabtte in progress include the study of penetration of salt
through the skin of the fish, as infiuenced by the impurities in the
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. ti
salt, relation of freshness of fish to temperature at which it can be
salted, determination of highest temperature at which it is practicable
to salt fish, possible ways of improving methods in common practice,
and trials of relative values of the different kinds of salt on the
market.
EXPERIMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FISHERY PRODUCTS FOR THE
TABLE. ’
Supplementing the work of the field agents engaged in giving
lectures and practical demonstrations of the best methods for cooking
fish, the Bureau equipped an experimental kitchen and employed
experts to determine the best methods of preparation of new or
little-known fish and fishery products for the table.
Here a considerable number of fishery products were tried out by
various individual methods of preparation, and those best suited to
| the particular product selected. In some cases this information was
furnished direct to the trade, in others it was assembled and published
in economic circulars to aid in educating the public as to the merits
of, and establishing larger markets for, such heretofore little-used
products. In this manner assistance has been given in increasing the
production and consumption of grouper, menhaden, mussels, sharks,
tullibees, and the roe and buckroe of fishes.
In addition, the assemblage of materials for a cookbook on fish was
begun. This is now nearing completion, many of the recipes being
tested in the experimental kitchen.
NEW ENGLAND VESSEL FISHERIES.
The vessel fisheries centering at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., and
Portland, Me., have been in a more than usually prosperous condition
during the past year, notwithstanding the presence of enemy sub-
marines along the coast and on the fishing grounds in the summer
and the consequent loss of a number of fishing vessels. There was a
decline in the total number of trips, but a considerable increase in the
quantity and value of the products landed. The decline in the
number of trips occurred at Boston and Portland, while there was an
increase over the previous year at Gloucester. Statistics of these
fisheries have been collected during the year by the local agents and
published in monthly bulletins, showing, by species and fishing
grounds, the quantities and values of fishery products landed by
American and Canadian fishing vessels during the year at these ports.
Two annual bulletins also have been issued, one showing the catch by
months and the other by fishing grounds.
The fishing fleet which landed fishery products at these ports
during the calendar year 1918 included 521 sail, steam, and gasoline
screw vessels. These vessels landed at Boston 2,830 trips, aggre-
gating 109,476,041 pounds of fish, valued at $6,587,754; at Gloucester,
3,414 trips, aggregating 74,175,499 pounds, valued at $3,062,605; and
at Portland, 2,506 trips, aggregating 21,849,613 pounds, valued at
$881,189. The total for the ate orts amounted to 8,750 trips,
aggregating 205,501,153 pounds of fresh and salted fish, having a
value to the fishermen of $10,531,548. This total includes 60 trips
landed at these ports by 21 Canadian fishing vessels, amounting to
12 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
5,602,749 pounds of fresh fish, valued at $218,625. These fish were
landed in accordance with an arrangement with the Canadian Govern-
ment, as an emergency war measure granting reciprocal privileges to
fishing vessels, by which Canadian fishing vessels were permitted to
land their fares at American ports direct from the fishing grounds.
Canadian fishing vessels began to utilize this privilege in April and
continued during the remainder of the year. The greater part of
these fish, or 4,668,620 pounds, valued at $164,946, were landed at
Portland.
FISHING GROUNDS MILLIONS # LBS.
FISHING GROUNDS AAILLIONS # DOLLARS
POUNDS O [0 20 30 40
SHORE GENERAL 47,065,122
GEORGES BANK. 40,439,267
SOUTH CHANNEL 29,437,840
WESTERN BANK. 728,284,586
QUEREAU BANK 20,163,303
OFF CHATHAM _— 7,388,798
BROWNS BANK. 7,314,544
OFF NEWFOUNDLAND 6,480,887
VALUE Of I th2
GEORGES BANK $2,362,878
SHORE GENERAL 2,174,857
SOUTH CHANNEL 1,496,286
WESTERN BANK 1,271,009
QUEREAU BANK 718,125
OFF CHATHAM 452,908
CAPE SHORE 410,465
BROWNS BANK 367,808
CAPE SHORE 4,883,809 OFF NEWFOUNDLAND 335,688
NANTUCKET SHOALS 2,934 ,853 NANTUCKET SHOALS 222,111
LA HAVE BANK 72,449,006 JEFFREYS LEDGE 150,106
JEFFREYS LEOGE 1,877,789 LA HAVE BANK 142,399
MIDDLE BANK 1,583,361 MIDDLE BANK 115,048
GRAND BANK 1,492,119 GRAND BANK 109,830
ALL OTHERS 3,110,809 ALL OTHERS 202,030
Fic. 1.—Quantities and values of fish landed by fishing vessels at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., and
Portland, Me., in 1918, shown by fishing grounds.
MILLIONS # LBS. MILLIONS # DOLLARS
POUNDS 0 720 40 60 VALUED “0 cleo
COD - 40344282 LALLA, | | COP ap rerEy HA
HADDOCK $4:035'362 Beene) | TADDOCK 1143124 26 wu
POLLOCK § 33:374'454 MACKERELN 548° 974
MACKEREL 3'397,168 POLLOCK S cea ana
HAKE 13/383/673 HALIBUT = 342/524 &
rca 5,374,372 1B SMI D 270,27 | 118
HALIBUT = 360'283 BI SYRAVZa = CUSKH 102'535 | 5-YR AMZ
Fic. 2.—Quantities and values of the principal kinds of fish landed by fishing vessels at Boston and
Gloucester, Mass., in 1918, compared with the five-year average, 1912-1916.
Compared with the previous year there was a decrease of 534 trips
in the total number for the three ports, but an increase of 30,070,567
pounds, or 17.14 per cent, in the quantity, and of $2,170,216, or 25.95
per cent, in the value of the fish landed. The cod catch increased
15,357,899 pounds, or 27.19 per cent, in quantity, and $1,246,371, or
52.57 per cent, in value; haddock, 13,116,706 pounds, or 24.49 per
cent, in quantity, and $682,547, or 27.12 per cent, in value; pollock,
12,052,828 pounds, or 83.07 per cent, in quantity, and $382,817, or
66.08 per cent, in value; halibut, 14,940 pounds, or 0.84 per cent, in
quantity, and $83,048, or 37.88 per cent, in value; herring, 1,858,398
pounds, or 14,44 per cent, in quantity, and $162,068, or 54.27 per
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 13
cent, in value; and miscellaneous products, 309,709 pounds, or 7.88
per cent, in quantity, and $56,390, or 45.05 per cent, in value. There
was also a considerable decrease in the catches of a number of species.
The catch of hake decreased 2,633,817 pounds, or 33.27 per cent, in
quantity, and $68,300, or 20 per cent, in value; cusk, 891,043 pounds,
or 25.10 per cent, in quantity, and $16,083, or 13.50 per cent, in value;
mackerel, 7,283,596 pounds, or 41.75 per cent, In quantity, and
$265,195, or 18.23 per cent, in value; swordfish, 937,427 pounds, or
47.60 per cent, in quantity, and $68,977, or 23.60 per cent, in value.
The Newfoundland herring catch fell off 422,932 pounds, or 6.21 per
cent, in quantity, but increased $104,072, or 45.68 per cent, in value.
The quantity of tilefish landed at Boston during the year declined
from 1,211,450 pounds, valued at $44,743 in 1917, to 299,420 pounds,
valued at $20,246 in 1918.
The following tables present in detail, by fishing grounds and by
months, the products landed at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., and
Portland, Me., by American and Canadian fishing vessels, for the
calendar year 1918. The weights of fresh and salted fish given in
these statistics represent the fish as landed from the vessels, and the
values are those received by the fishermen. The grades, or sizes,
given for certain species are those recognized in the trade.
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36 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
The fishery products landed at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., and
Portland, Me., by fishing vessels each year are taken principally from
fishing grounds lying off the coast of the United States. In the
calendar year 1918, 68.10 per cent of the quantity and 70.86 per cent
of the value of the catch landed at these ports by American and
Canadian fishing vessels were taken from these grounds; 4.36 per cent
of the quantity and 4.70 per cent of the value, consisting chiefly of
herring, were taken from fishing banks off the coast of Newfound-
land; and 27.52 of the quantity and 24.43 per cent of the value from
fishing grounds off the Canadian Provinces. Newfoundland herring
constituted 3.10 per cent of the cna and 3.15 per cent of the
value of the fishery products landed at these ports during the year.
The herring were taken on the treaty coast of Newfoundland, and the
cod and other species from that region were obtained from fishing
banks on the high seas. All fish caught by American fishing vessels
off the Canadian Provinces were from offshore fishing grounds. The
ae from each of these regions is given in detail in the following
table:
QUANTITY AND VALUE OF FisH LANDED BY AMERICAN AND CANADIAN FISHING
VESSELS AT BostoN AND GLOUCESTER, MAss., AND PorTLAND, MeE., 1n 1918,
FROM GROUNDS Orr THE COAST OF THE UNITED States, NEWFOUNDLAND, AND
CANADIAN PROVINCES.
Species. United States. Newfoundland. |Canadian Provinces.| Total.
Cod: Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Valuc.| Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value.
Rroshigte ese ctenceeee 38, 747, 186/$2, 186, 911|1, 131, 625)$39, 770 28, 458, 768|$1, 153, 172| 68, 337, 579)$3, 379, 853
peated RS BEY GS 8 20, 525 1, 448] 627,863) 50,149] 2,838,460] 185,755| 3,486,848] 237,3
addock
Fresh. ....-.- eae Sa 47,975, 763| 2,492,810! 334,245] 10, 967/18, 293,041] 691,998) 66, 603, 049] 3, 195, 75
penlted aie A mee OA ee Rae ROA 11,614) 786) 56, 878 2,715 68, 492 3,501
ake:
Reh see ee Os 4,434,193] 242,142} 54,145] 2,012) 757,524] 27,488] 5,245,862] 271, 642
= ealted passes eddcdod 105 4 8,300 404 26, 562 1,035 34, 967 1,443
olloc
Mestre oto ho ee 25,262,430 914,511} 23,050] 636/ 1,221,882) 44, 846| 26,507,362! 959, 993
c pabed eek Ae ees ooo Wepeanss—be| bcScdsoscs 245 11 53, 013 2,081 53, 258 2,092
usk:
resheae ieee cee 1,796,353} 74,343] 3,095 96, 844,372} 27,999] 2,644,320] 102,438
Ss ae IR IED eR ea ee 435 20} 13, 505 573 13,940 593
Halibut:
Rreshios ca eoesceen ee 675,692| 124,194] 388,507] 57,949] 705,874] 118,897] 1,770,073] 301,040
Siler ly oe se eo tead Webeasaes = Coceesane 2,905 347 8, 026 893 10,931 1, 340
Mackerel
SR ee Ra a Mare 5,966,808] 708,595|.....----|------- 1,615,606} 145,044] 7,582,414] 853, 639
poulied WB ace ores ae f, 2017 200\". “ASS BOE] Ses ates ees aoe 1,374,763] 146,483] 2,576,053| 335, 285
erring:
resis 2. ogee ence 8,602,538] 128,645] 161,800] 10,508]..........].....----- 8,764,338] 139,153
paliedi = St eence ae 7,600 164/6, 225, 024/321, 365)...-.-----|---------- 6, 232,624) 321,529
Swordfish: Fresh.....--| 974,864] 209,095 180 47| 59,047] 14,050] 1,034,091) 223, 192
Tilefish resh.-2----=- 299, 420 20, 246). 000 ----|- cee -|eeces-25--|-00e-2-2-- 299, 420 20, 246
Miscellaneous: Fresh...| 4,002,011] _171,395)....-.---|------- 233,521| 10,147] 4,235,532] 181, 542
Totals ncn 2- 252/109 901, 278 ve 463, re 973, 033/495, 067/56, 560, 842) 2, 573, 176/205, 501, 153/10, 531, 548
Cod.—In 1918 the fishing fleet landing fish at Boston, Gloucester,
and Portland was considerably larger than in the previous year.
There were 5 vessels in the salt bank fishery and 123 in the market
fishery landing their fares of cod and other ground fish at these ports.
Large quantities of cod were also landed by vessels fishing on the
shore grounds. The total catch of cod landed at these ports durin
the year amounted to 71,824,427 pounds, valued at $3,617,205, o
which 68,337,579 pounds, valued at $3,379,853, were fresh, and
3,486,848 pounds, valued at $237,352, were salted. Cod ranked first
He importance both in quantity and value among the various species
anded,
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 37
Haddock.—The catch of haddock for the year ranked second to
that of cod, the total catch amounting to 66,671,541 pounds, valued
at $3,199,276, all of which was landed fresh except 68,492 pounds,
valued at $3,501. The greater part of the catch was taken on
Georges Bank and in South Channel.
Hake.—tThe yield of hake has fallen off very much in the past few
years. In 1918 the catch amounted to 5,280,829 pounds, valued at
$273,085, all landed fresh except 34,967 pounds, salted, valued at
$1,443. There was a decline of 2,633,817 pounds, or over 33 per
cent, in quantity, and $68,300, or 20 per cent, in value as compared
with the previous year. In 1916 over 13,000,000 pounds of hake
were landed at these ports, and in 1910 the receipts at Boston and
Gloucester were nearly 20,000,000 pounds.
Pollock.—The pollock catch was much larger than usual, the
uantity landed amounting to 26,560,620 pounds, valued at $962,085,
atl landed fresh except 53,258 pounds, salted, valued at $2,092.
OCusk.—The quantity of cusk landed was small-as compared with
recent previous years, amounting to only 2,658,260 pounds, valued
at $103,031, of which 13,940 pounds, valued at $593, were salted.
The catch of this species is usually from upwards of three million to
upwards of six million pounds,
Halibut.—The yield of halibut was 1,781,004 pounds, valued at
$302,280, which was all landed fresh except 10,931 pounds, salted,
valued at $1,240. There was an increase in quantity over the
previous year of less than 1 per cent, but an increase in value of 37.88
- per cent.
Mackerel.—The total catch of fresh mackerel taken by the American
fishing fleet in 1918 was 69,314 barrels, compared with 111,932
barrels the previous year, a decrease of 42,618 barrels. The output
of salted mackerel was 13,030 barrels, as compared with 32,162
barrels the previous year, a decrease of 19,132 barrels. The quantity
of mackerel landed at Boston, Gloucester, and Portland by the fishing
fleet during the year was 10,158,467 pounds, valued at $1,188,924, of
which 7,582,414 pounds, valued at $853,639, were fresh, and 2,576,053
pounds, valued at $335,285, were salted. This quantity includes
29,152 pounds of fresh mackerel, valued at $2,423, from the Cape
Shore, Sadel by Canadian vessels.
The southern mackerel fleet numbered about 35 sail of seiners and
125 sail of netters. The seiners had a light catch, and reported
considerable quantities of mackerel, but that they were wild, chasing
live feed, and therefore hard to catch. They did not school much at
night, but mostly during the day. The first seiner arrived at New
York on May 6 with 13,000 large and medium mackerel, which were
sold at 18 to 20 cents per pound. These fish were taken in 34 fathoms
of water. The netters did not land as many mackerel as the previous
ear, but, one to the higher prices received, they did well financially.
he mackerel landed by the southern fleet this year were all large
and medium fish and sold at 13 to 20 cents per pound, according to
market conditions.
The Cape Shore fleet numbered 38 vessels, being a little larger
than the previous year. No vessel made more than one trip. A
large body of fish was reported and all the vessels returned with good
catches. The catch taken on the Cape Shore amounted to 1,689,000
pounds of fresh mackerel and 7,558 barrels salted, compared with
2,229,900 pounds fresh and 7,131 barrels salted the previous year.
388 FISHERY JNDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
The first arrival from the Cape Shore was on June 8, and consisted
of 50,000 large and medium fresh mackerel, which sold at 104 cents
per pound. Oneschooner, on her Cape Shore mackerel trip, obtained
95,000 pounds fresh and 375 barrels of salted mackerel, and stocked
$15,665, the crew sharing $343 each. This is said to be the largest
stock ever made on a single mackerel trip.
Swordfish.—The quantity of sdaiianiledet during the year was
1,034,091 pounds, valued at $223,192. The number of vessels
engaged in this fishery was 37, or 5 less than in the previous year.
Flounders.—The catch of flounders in the vessel fisheries amounted
to 2,269,807 pounds, valued at $93,800. There was an increase in
the catch of flounders over the previous year of 990,086 pounds, or
77.36 per cent, in quantity, and $48,864, or 108.74 per cent, in value.
The catch taken by boats under 5 tons net tonnage is not included
in these statistics.
VESSEL FISHERIES AT SEATTLE, WASH.
In the vessel fisheries at Seattle, Wash., there has been an increase
in both the quantity and value of products landed by the fishing
fleet, but a decrease in the products landed by collecting vessels as
compared with the previous year. Statistics of the vessel fisheries
at Seattle have been collected by the local agent and published as
monthly and annual statistical bulletins, giving the quantity and
value of fishery products landed by American fishing and collecting
vessels at that port.
In 1918 the fishing fleet at Seattle landed 834 trips, aggregating
17,091,695 pounds of fish, having a value to the fishermen of
$1,887,653. This catch was taken from the fishing grounds along
the coast from the Oregon and Washington coasts to Portlock Bank,
Alaska. The largest quantities were taken from Grays Harbor
Grounds, Flattery Bade west coast of Vancouver Island, Hecate
Strait, and Portlock Bank. The products included halibut,
10,244,200 pounds, valued at $1,528,846; cod, 85,300 pounds,
valued at $2,202; sablefish, 4,354,950 pounds, valued at $271,167;
“lingcod,’’ 1,784,600 pounds, valued at $62,292; rockfishes, 620,770
pounds, valued at $22,899; and sturgeon, 1,875 pounds, valued at
$247. Compared with the previous year, there was an increase of
214 trips by fishing vessels, and of 487,751 pounds, or 2.64 per cent,
in the quantity, and $148,851, or 8.56 per cent, in the value of the
roducts landed. The catch of salmon by these vessels was not so
arge as in the previous year, but there was a large increase in the
catch of sablefish, ‘‘lingcod’’, and rockfishes.
The fishery products taken in Puget Sound and landed at Seattle
by collecting vessels during the year amounted to 10,605,323 pounds,
valued at $912,598. These products included salmon, 8,929,745
pounds, valued at $811,028; steelhead trout, 433,756 pounds, valued
at $57,724; herring, 580,200 pounds, valued at $11,853; smelt, 121,850
pounds, valued at $7,019; sole, 138,935 pounds, valued at $5,307;
crabs, 139,821 pounds, valued at $10,368; and other species amount-
ing to 261,016 pounds, valued at $9,299. In the products landed by
collecting vessels there was a decrease from the previous year of
2,216,030 pounds, or 17.28 per cent, in quantity, and $75,961, or 7.68
er cent, in value. The quantity and value of fishing products
anded at Seattle by fishing and collecting vessels in 1918 are given
in detail in the following table:
39
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
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AD . FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
FISHERIES OF THE GREAT LAKES, LAKE OF THE WOODS, AND RAINY
LAKE IN 1917.
A statistical canvass of the fisheries of the Great Lakes, including
Lake of the Woods, Rainy Lake, and Lakes Kabetogama and La Croix,
was made during the year for the calendar year 1917.
The number of persons engaged in the fisheries of these waters in
1917 was 9,416; te investment was $10,732,879; and the products
amounted to 105,926,392 pounds, valued at $6,416,477.
In the fisheries of the Grebe Lakes the number of persons engaged
was 9,221; the investment in vessels, boats, fishing apparatus, shore
and accessory property, and cash capital was $10,555,669; and the
roducts amounted to 103,759,223 pounds; valued at $6,297,969.
he principal species taken, including fresh, salted, and smoked fish,
were Carp, 7,163,347 pounds, valued at $334,888; ciscoes, 53,429,325
pounds, valued at $2,609,917; blue pike, 2,102,803 pounds, valued at
$140,025; wall-eyed pike, 2,496,691 pounds, valued at $298,271; sau-
ger, 3,929,172 pounds, valued at $240,035; sheepshead or drum,
2,901,994 pounds, valued at $70,936; suckers, 5,361,138 pounds,
valued at $204,825; lake trout, 13,344,139 pounds, valued at $1,286,-
704; whitefish, 6,190,748 pounds, valued at $723,167; and yellow
erch, 4,206,011 pounds, valued at $245,223. The ciscoes include
ake herring, chub, longjaw, bluefin or blackfin, and tullibee.
Compared with the returns for 1908, published by the Bureau of the
Census, there was an increase of 8.06 per cent in the number of
persons engaged, and of 119.27 per cent in the amount of capital
invested, but there was a decrease of 2.69 per cent in the quantity,
with an increase of 67.14 per cent in the value.of the products. There
was a large increase in the catch of burbot, cisco or lake herring,
sheepshead or drum, and lake trout, but a decrease in carp, pike,
pike perch, whitefish, and a number of other species. Compared
with the statistics for 1903, published by the Bureau, there was a
decrease of 1.20 per cent in the number of persons engaged, but an
increase of 41.22 per cent in the amount of capital invested, and of
20.37 per cent in the quantity, and 129.39 per cent in the value of
the products. There was considerable increase in nearly all of the
more important species except pike perch, lake trout, and yellow
perch. The increase in bursot: and possibly some of the, other
eS is, no doubt, due to the work of the Bureau in encouraging
the more extensive use as food of species heretofore little used for
that purpose.
In the fisheries of Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake the number
of persons engaged was 195; the investment was $177,210; and the
products amounted to 2,167,169 pounds, valued at $118,508. The
principal species taken were ciscoes, pike, wall-eyed pike, suckers,
and whitefish.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 43
LAKES MILLIONS OF POUNDS
oO 1 Soma? Mme damages, Ore iO. 80... 90.8. aioe
TOTAL,
EPUE,
MICHIGAN
SUPERIOR.
HURON TOTAL 103,759,223 | 86,194,817
ENE 38,300,238 | 23,188,556
Lee MICHIGAN 35,460,628 | 33,579,498
1917 mmm «=| SUPERIORL 15,447,432 | 13,205,013
1903 Zz. | HURON 13,496,537 | 14,977,150
ONTARIO 1,054,388 1,244,600
Fia. 3.—Quantities cf fish taken in the commercial fisheries of the Great Lakes in 1917 and 1903.
LAKES MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
: O { 72. 3 4 5 6
OT AL, zy TET ers
ERIE,
MICHIGAN
HURON
SUPERIOPVT TOTAL $6,297,969 $2,745,501
ERLE 2,330,249 780,015
ON ,330, ;
TARIO MICHIGAN 2,270,859 1,090,550
1903 SUPERIORL 726,674 343,671
ON TARIO 100,857 59359
Fic. 4.—Values of fish taken in the commercial fisheries of the Great Lakes in 1917 and 1903.
LAKES PER CENT
O 5 fe) (5 20 25 30 35
ERIE, 3)
MICHIGAN = 32:3
SUPERIOR, 1172
a 13.8 QUANTITY [ame
ONTARIO ne VALUE.
Fia. 5.—Percentages of total quantity and pave of fishery products reported for each of the Great
akes, 1917.
44 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
SPECIES MILLIONS OF POUNDS
6) 10 10 30 4O 50
CISCOES LLL LEE
LAKE TROUT
CARP ASIATIC 17 =a
1903
WHITEFISH, common
SUCKERS
YELLOW PERCH FB ClSCOLS 53,429,325 | 35,438,777
SAUGEPL LAKE TROUT 13,344,139 | 10,131,938
CARP ASIATIC 7,163,347 4,237,643
se Oe WHITEFISH, common 6,190,748 3,812,859
PLICE, PERCH : SUCKERS 5,361,138 6,694,040
(WALL-EYED PIKE) (24
PIKE. PERCH YELLOW PERCH | 4,206,011 6,201,723
(BLUE PIKE) UZ SAUGER, 3,929,172 1,940,355
SHEERS HEAD
on DRUM 2,901,994 746,021
PIKE PEKCH
ou EYED PIKE)} 12,496,691 3,076,147
KE PERCH
PIBLUE PIKE) 1,102,803 4,981,422
Fic. 6.—Quantities of the more important species of fish taken in the commercial fisheries of the Great
Lakes in 1917 and 1903.
SPECI E,S HUNOREDS OF THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS
0 2 4 6 & Omit: 14. 11Geats O27). 7 ee
CISCOE,S ULLAL LEE ’ j
eee eee ee
LAKE TROUT yy :
WHITEFISH common
CARP, te
PIECE OPE RE,
(WALL- EYED PIKE)
YELLOW PERCH ” CISCOE,S $2,609,917 | $914,468
SAUGER. LAILL TROUT 1,286,704 722,525
WHITEFISH, common 723,167 223,426
SUCKERS CARP, ASIATIC. 334,888 71,285
PIKE PERCH PIKE PERCH
(BLUE PIKE) (WALL-EYED PIKE) 298,271 168,284
meat a YELLOW PERCH 245,223 139,670
if SAUGER. 240, 035. 47,697
SUCKERS 204,825 121,576
PIFLE PERCH
(BLUE PIKE) 140,025 191,386
SHEEPSHEAD
on ORUM 70,936 5,700
Fic. 7.—Values of the more important species of fish taken in the commercial fisheries of the Great
Lakes in 1917 and 1903,
45
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
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¥98 “ES | L90‘6L9 | 266 ‘OOT | ZEE ‘90% Z) G68 ‘OST ‘T] 498 ‘E68 ‘85] 820 ‘80E | LOE ‘STH ‘ZI| FL°9L8 | 966 “66F FE] ZO8 “OST | HOO "6ar~G | --- 7-7 7t TTT “6681
0£0‘9% | TIE‘FI8‘T] OTS‘TE | STO’8c6, | 626 ‘S08 | Sae ‘896 “GF] TSE ‘90E | SEE‘790‘ZT| T19 ‘S28 | SSL ‘LFz “O8] LOT ‘2o% | 226 (96068 |-----7 777 ot ott “8681
LLG'EL | TLS $66 ‘Z| O8L ‘FCI | SPF ‘OFP‘E) £06 ‘000 ‘T| £28 ‘OSS “F9] 290 ‘12% | T8E ‘90 ‘OT| SOF “OE8 | 996 ‘rer 9G] 896 {02 | G66 ‘CTT IO Joon TTT Tt 06ST
£61 “OFS | S62 ‘CST ‘Z) 698 ‘C6S | 99% ‘86 ‘Z| 960°60T'TS] LTS “Oct TS] 268 “OLZS] OLT “L¢¥ “TT] 882 ‘8288 | SPT ‘BTS “Es ETS “T6ZS] O86 "GZR “8 [~~ = "nt TTT TTT C881
‘anova | *spunog
qSIOATY OI}
-o PUR IRI “4g
pUe IILIQ “Ig Oxe'T
‘anvA |*spunog | ‘anjog | ‘spunog | ‘anjog | ‘spunog | ‘anna | *spunog | ‘anjog | “spunog
“OL1V4UGQ 9AB'T ‘Olly OYB'T *MOIN|, OY] “UBSITOI OFT ‘loriedng oxe'T *SIBO A
DLI6L OL Eygl WOU SUVA SNOIUVA AOL SUAVT LYAUY) AHL JO SAIMAHSIY AHL JO ATHIX
48 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
FISHERY PRODUCTS RECEIVED AT THE MUNICIPAL FISH WHARF AND
MARKET, WASHINGTON. D. C.
Large quantities of fishery products are received at the Municipal
Fish Wharf and Market, Washington, D. C., from the Chesapeake
region and other sections of the Atlantic coast. The salmon and
part of the halibut handled are from the Pacific coast. The products
are disposed of to the retail markets of the city, and are also to some
extent sold at retail at the municipal market. Through the courtesy
of the health department of the District of Columbia the Bureau has
been furnished with daily reports of the quantity of fishery products
received at this market since the latter part of March last year.
These statistics have been compiled for the period from April to
rai 1918, and are given in detail, by months, in the following
table: .
FisHERY Propucts RECEIVED AT THE MunicipaL Fish WHARF AND MARKET, WASH-
IneToN, D. C., FRom ApRIL TO DECEMBER, 1918.
Species. April. May. June.
Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds.
Bass; black and sea.2+ . 5 2..e0 2-58. ese be ee| aoc ee eens 11, 800 25, 040
IB eS Ree ie os ene be ee ten er ees eee ee nee ae eee , De eee Breese S- =
IBUtCerash 3-6 eee eee eee aeons cee 523 32, 360 69, 525
Fe 1 ee RN Sig <i tla 52 Sh ER O e 15, 957 11, 956 5, 192
CAENSHS 558 he eRe en ot ty oh ee 20, 877 16,545 | 16,158
Od Oe ee ae ee 5 oe Ue 2, 025 750
Progkean 8s. cing sco Sete oe ee 386,660 | 248,340] 197,746
Drom; Tedoo 2252 oo she ee ee ee 100) Eee ss cones
CLs ee ei Eat Re ERO Re eeient: Bi ee oka ae 2,427 2,102 694
WlOuNd ers oso Bask see cere ee ee tee amee 5,177 8, 109 5, 442
Gizzardishad! > 12%. 25 325300. Eerie Pee a ae G70} fie A0OW ee eee | 2 eee come
Haddock. 2232 2ss0s see. eee eer ee 400
TARO. or tos Sree oe ae ee ee ee a i i Sn ee cee
ati bubse a 3-15. ee ae een aes eee 2,725 1, 500 2,155
Herring:
River, fresh. .....- 418, 596 93, 867 S21ee onan eee
_ River, salted... ...- , 000 169, 000 27, 250
Hickory shad or jacks. a 1” 0 ee ess mee eee Pasa saeeee| Aaa nsc). oo
PT OpASH tk oon es ee ae Se Ree oo ae ee oe ae 2, 100 200) 258s
Waris fish Sos fase ee sen re eclas yap eet es 100 D4 Ermer ge
Misekere lee. $1, den, de ut eae ese ree Chee tone [ete a 2, 625 9, 760
MeTInAd eM: Ar ses seh ede docece ee teee eaten nateceeee PO 130)\Soes ces seee | sane oaee
MS b aes 5 See ee oe ee of 1 7. A ee ae
eral VR 2s) SA Sl ke Ba eae 32, 459 12, 089 7, 349
PAK OVOL PICKELG lee 42 eae e ee ee ee Rn BORN 55 1) Bess Sen eae ene 3
oOllock et S58. Se een ee ee S00 Nears sates 400
(POLE MOP SCL saa bane ere te eee nc Ce eee cee Cheese ees » 400 6, 000
Salmon: -<4isp i= hehe Seceie Soh to Oe cae eee ae a ee 210
FEAVTs lepers ehh a path a, Leal hac a eis SRR AS a 307,538 | 153, 090 708 "| Oo. once: eee
C2] 9,0] 7 See aR LORS i AR MORE Sih RS IO ae. RRR BEF ROR 1, 126
DUT pPed PASS 8s fhe BOEe. Se PFS aed inp een ee 38, 822 14,717 5, 360
DUUTP OOM ae oe ie Bs ead see ene eee ae 586 1,376 455
oA MU eh TSS ME a a RE ee Bee rE 2,525 . 2,500 TBS" | ssicks 20 25> [nae Soom
SPTOUTS SOS eh it ncetictosite an nc oes alone nese oeeeeee 434, 268
Bini oe Se ONE 2 eS Se oo ere eee
Clamisthard S22 Ua aes ee es Be ee ee
Oysters:
In the shell.........
Opened. 35222
Sorts aeons aoe
MOTB ek Bascal oe oe ee a ae ee
Grabinéat?; 2 8o.25t aoe ee eee ee eee eee
SDUITGLOS 208 52 Bs oes toes ee penae ee ae cad eee
Totals cas. 7). eee ee eee 1,338, 790 | 1,268,975 | 677,713
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 49
FisHERY Propucts RECEIVED aT THE MunicipaL FisH WHARF AND MARKET, WASH-
INGTON, D. C., From AprRit TO DECEMBER, 1918—Continued.
Species. Septem- Novem- | Decem-
, per, | October.) “her. ber. Total.
Bass, black and sea
Re
Bluenshec sees ee f 18, 182 1050) |42 eee ee 29, 670
Butterhish fois casas eas - 17, 709 22, 200 800 294, 635
Carpe saae Bune eis =e # i 10, 264 6,078 | 10, 100 71, 564
Catfish stesso eee 22, 209 20,582 | 12,745 130, 878
MISCO Fe obadte cee tate she oes slr asteecee see 255533 225 600 825
CER ES INT Nae! VIA De yt, a3) 16, 225 16, 075 5, 640 94, 480
CHEAT Sec ne pean hae Sy i RAT SEL TA 19, 010 17, 460 679 | 1,017,481
DMG OO sien nese ath ee eis 4 cee ees ee eeNeE= Z DAO Lewes ja |iae€ woes ss se7d- dee 799
[DIST 12 sere Cail eaie ie Dera deen A 2 SV iee 1, 633 1, 947 1, 116 11, 304
TDI oiiv{o loing rs, Le Se AE Dn fe NOS PM PLE) oe 16, 446 9,310 | 10,372 92, 562
GIP PAT OUD Sea Cee eh es Naan Senate cece ‘ 5, 423 9,576 9,119 26, 231
ELC COCK 2 £007 Sete eR ba EER hae TORENT 72, 950 41,750 | 21, 205 263, 100
1B Ae pre ae Se Sete ee Se ae eS gg 8, 600 27, 900 4, 200 46,175
1 CEE 717 etal ly. afb Baer ee ar rea nee aa 11, 813 48, 935 850 79, 158
Herring:
On COS Dees eee eee Oe sacri eal); gor OOUs Ts. nec ecmas le ctes emel 300 519, 484
IREVOLASAILCCSe eee Corea ed ee ae OE LOK S TK Meeting dial At a baer il eee eka S 203, 750
Ri Sie RR i aes Eee er ea Capen | 26,850 | 206, 800 2, 600 236, 250
1B REL QT TAy (SL SEENG CDE OT FEY GA fas DR a eR Se ee 8 2 eee eee re ae ae 1,340
(BIR SIS SS OW 2 3 Sih 2s eg ine aes 8 RO 200 600 920) |ke eee ee 4, 220
[ECGS SEES SN ae DS ee eee ee Ee he 1 Dy eae sees 110 375 985
LVNGUGITT han by ott Ae Spee ole aera Ceol’ get gt ate 14,090 | 13,600 25, 850 60, 550 140, 025
Meriden ey bees ee 8 Epp bed eae es heey lobe 300) |E2 ae he Salbe eared 1, 630
LAG TLE Re ae 2 a NR ore RS 2S a A eee 502 5, 676 5, 718 2, 360 14, 404
PArehee Wee een Pee pre PSII ATS 5, 544 9, 607 12,398 | 11,820 106, 119
Dileripickersl tees ete ea at yee PY 720 1, 552 1,911 1, 197 5, 480
HOC pent Cte tie CC te Fired TS 20,375 | 20,900 25,440 | 19,700 105, 965
ORE VGH SOUP so. Gate cb cen Fee soe essa deeaes 2s 1, 400 400. oe. 2. Sales ee eee 11, 575
Een tUT Fade, SR Ce eatin 3 al Aine leven? aie 225 4,450 TOS75T eee eee 17, 935
SHE a Uae Oe ou elle al aoc e coed | 5 Ons be MD a eS ila 8 ee Oh ten ad A See 2, 972 464, 308
HOO DSHOAU Ce Sree ieee ee es Sey Bh ahee 100 Vay HE eae AAA PAC Oe eee 352
STE Es 58, re Gee eS oe Dee REE ORO Eee ESE ESE (eres ain ee armen 75 590 665
SUD seas Meo meleneeea ass. Tory. Befgeee oe ek ob Lt 15, 276 24, 230 65200) 25.2% bee 70, 737
Srmnndanacserte aie es CMe eR ee 12,883 | 38, 731 PGT REEL hae 159, 690
‘Shieugee (ota) Skea ely pie Ss Be eee 8 Eee sae 130} = 685 45 30 3,477
“TEWTETiTStai 5 See Seeageyisar @ Ba epee a moe gpa Speirs [AS Ta ide 1, 275 2, 550 2, 747 12, 332
Hingiitsesalecere ats abe Sie VERA ONE ye 302,120 | 267,975 49,395 | 34,230 | 1,737,627
Wate rishee Uys sobs eae Ee ee cese aece Va See a syt see 225) | 22s 3. soem 225
aN ASV GT A Pe 4, 800 19, 000 104, 870 71, 488 216, 208
ee Tiisyat iy af Ub Weg 22 Jira Dede ag San Tiras Lees pee 11,584 6, 464 6, 528 6,304} 4 95,328
ysters:
fErivttiesfelle st sae see ete Poet 39,347 | 140,497| 218,386 | 220,129] » 684,418
Opened tester Se ee ene Toe tie ae E 35,788 | 92,400} 134,821 | 125,895 | c 420,816
SEDO rae = Bs AR IR I Ee eee a a tel afer aaa |g ea et 200 200
(fb Le oe ere MPN. Sees 60g Ss Soe joe a Ee ees aL dae pe Dees eee tt eee OE EO ST So See 1, 200
ENS! Soke 3 ee inet eG hae Se SEEM LAS ROS 28, 020 5, 250 (in ae ae 201, 120
Cripmnissisic vee eho ns Piece, SUF ese Ma 2 5, 415 7, 445 4,925 3, 725 51, 030
brainer sikee sees oo eden ol A SEE oe, 1,050 1,500 1, 050 950 4,550
PROT TAPED Eee tes eres ete Nl ho orn te Teel aig vase ceiere s eaeie ni Suamamn ie eee eas DAU eeis.os aces 240
Rontlectpeet pets pose Or ee Aye Pees ee 205) jaemerernitsd 315 155 2, 845
Potalse se Shee aie sess, a Een T.. FER. Se 686,958 | 923,885 | 1,098,772 | 671,340 | 7,766, 994
a 11,916 bushels, b 97,774 bushels. ¢e 51,008 gallons.
FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST STATES IN 1915.
The data contained in this report apply to the year 1915, and were
collected in 1916 and 1917 and prepared by Winthrop A. Roberts
and Rob Leon Greer, agents of this Bureau. A statistical bulletin
es oe the information in condensed form was issued in Octo-
er, L917.
The number of persons employed in the fisheries of the Pacific
Coast States in 1915 was 28,997, of whom 4,229 were on vessels
fishing, 475 on vessels transporting fishery products, 14,235 in shore
fisheries, and 10,058 in canneries and other fishery industries. Wash-
50 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
ington had 14,649 persons employed in its fisheries; Oregon, 5,900;
and California 8,452.
The amount of capital invested in the fisheries of these States
was $24,017,967. In Washington the investment was $14,129,553;
in Oregon, $4,064,151; and in California, $5,824,263. The invest-
ment included 1,039 fishing and transporting vessels and scows of 5
net tons and upward, valued at $3,559,777 and having a net tonnage
of 24,703 tons, and outfits valued at $721,156; 9,402 boats, valued at
$2,850,211; fishing apparatus used by vessels and boats to the value
of $3,147,785; shore and accessory property valued at $12,201,902;
and cash capital amounting to $1,537,136. The forms of fishing
apparatus having the greatest value were gill nets, 9,863, valued at
$1,309,805, and pound nets, 483, valued at $1,122,803. These were
all used in the shore or boat fisheries except 158 gill nets, valued at
$4,705, employed in the vessel fisheries. The pound nets were all
in Washington except 39, valued at $22,700, in Oregon.
The products of the fisheries amounted to 287,085,344 pounds,
having a value to the fishermen of $9,306,448. The output inWash-
ington was 159,053,778 pounds, valued at $5,320,725; in Oregon,
34,692,863 pounds, valued at $1,479,021; and in California, 93,338,703
pounds, valued at $2,506,702. The catch of salmon, including steel-
head trout, amounted to 131,932,020 pounds, valued at $4,091,681;
albacore, 21,049,190 pounds, valued at $316,103; cod, 10,487,401
pounds, valued at $343,338; and halibut, 40,825,874 pounds, valued
at $2,050,709. A considerable number of other species were also
taken in large quantities.
Compared with the returns for 1904, there was an increase of 47.50
per cent in the number of persons employed, 87.05 per cent in the
amount of capital invested, and 70.27_per cent in the quantity and
39.30 per cent in the value of the products. Compared with the
returns for 1908, published by the Bureau of the Census, there was an
increase of 81.70 per cent in the number of persons employed, 58.21
per cent in the amount of capital invested, and 62.97 per cent in the
quantity and 36.07 per cent in the value of the products.
The pollowite tables contain statistics of the number of persons
employed, the amount of capital invested, the quantity and value of
the products of the fisheries of the Pacific Coast States in 1915, and
comparative statistics of those items for various years; also, statistics
of various fishery products prepared and the pack of canned salmon
in Washington, Oregon, and California in 1915, comparative statistics
of the number of cases of salmon canned in certain years, the yield
of the fisheries of the principal rivers in 1915, and comparative sta-
tistics of the catch of introduced fishes:
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF
THE UNITED STATES.
51
Persons ENGAGED, INVESTMENT, AND Propucts OF THE FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC
Coast STATES IN 1915.
28, 997
Number. | Value.
4,229
475
14, 235
10,058
86, 255
7, 258
4 3782, 579, 075
5,024) 271,136
a381| 265,425
b158| 4,705
16, 1,440
©125) 3,075
1 400
8| 2,900
85 270
340 605
2,050
SEL SASS LS UF 49, 367
10 275
8 422} 77,755
€ 9,705 1,305, 190
” 483 L 122, £03
61] ’ 29’ 100
2,195) 56,325
36] 6, 100
16 805
2,485} 21,640
7 2; 000
7,942| 21,807
78 198
8 425
14,680] 22, 137
29} 108,800
eapghiebs 64, 33) 483
bu nelewrenrome 6, 245
= athe Wee 2) 460
byl apart ac 12,201,902
beg DS AIA 1, 537, 136
Si FOU Tan 24,017,967
Pounds. | Value.
21,024,190) $315, 622
25, 000 481
81,385] 1,730
16,000} 1, 600
3, 262, 646) 111, 690
330,000] 13, 180
448, 256) 12, 622
600,815] 11, 116
517,054] 24, 299
36, 425 709
10, 450,976) 342,629
3, 150 65
Washington. Oregon. California.
PERSONS ENGAGED.
Number. | Value. | Number.| Value. Tnhier: Value.
On vessels fishing. ....- S(O] eae ener 23 aise ase BDL Seabees
On vessels framers g. SAU pcnce ee GOlee eee Boleeoeaene
Inshore fisheries....... ip ct3ll le eee AS AWD Soc arene AC 282 cate ee ae
On shore, in canneries,
FO hintaan ace Oped weceecee 1eedo|fateecc. ByOb4|- secce ox
Motaleees cee: TAG RS See 5s900|*2 228022 3325) Geese lees
INVESTMENT. PA
Vessels fishing......... 472)$2,194,660 5] $22,650 73) $354,375
MonWarGs o.ss----— DBS os) RR Sear WANS wrajat arse = M108) eacsses
(Orin ih ies eee a oee Bee eee 578,825): 5525 -2.-- 3, 200) occas ececls 52, 791
Vessels transporting. . 140} 689, 248 30 84) 184 20| 72,000
Tonnage.......-... PPAR) ess 5oa6 Doll weses ae 330 |paaesene
OUR |S) ee GRASOH IE shee. A1T8S50|Sasseestee 5, 510
Scows (5 tons and over) 290 | AD OOU RSet ste | Seccnsoeu| saces cost loseceness
ONNALCS Jo. = == Wp QOS ees cele =| see's seems |= occccisws|osaeuees aelgooane sale
Boats, gasoline......... 1,567) 645, 480 1,382] 582,485 1, 429/1, 351, 110
Boats, sail, row, ete... -- 2,591; 96,515 1,264) 69,805 1,169} 104, 816
Apparatus, vessel fish-
eries:
DEINCS sec sec cates Bie 206) S10|= ashe eee gee cane Se 7 8, 550
Gillnets'. <<<... 5 ADO) F Neeeennclecassaane 153 4, 255
Beam trawls.....-- 16 1 AUO |e So ke ce eele mre anee [scat societies cle eit
PERMITITEN THOUS eee Helter es rel ease eee pono ec con lease cae 125 3,075
HAM pALAMetS os ten | Pac. cafes cl secre eee lace cae cee cldesedeaes 1 400
Baranzoellarm Oiseesrn | osc s ec anise secrete alloc tersteine |sewiersierete 8 2,900
HOOT Mets. <= cnc eee 85 P27 [ia ha eae A So eRe soll Fr ee peer acre po
ROUSE Osean ccesoe as 220 D20|Seece snack lsereagecee 120 280
whaling aApparaiis)|=.c2 25-0 c6 7D) See SSS ae ae Sal seis ence | sqaeceees pocopancoee
2 zo Scbepecos:| beeneet=aets 46, 800 tVO05| Sse cescens 1, 562
Taredee b Cap Se eee 10 Pa) see 364) IESE Bet Cacia Mecoy SaDeecace
Apparatus, shore fish-
eries:
SINGS 24-0 552 = 200) 23,145 lp eon, leD 147} 19,485
Gilets. ste 2,878| 308, 859 3,877| 582,740 3,950] 413,591
Pound nets.......- 444/1, 100, 103 Biel lad rar ers! eek el [aon ed Bee
HEATH PALA MOLGE ieee loses See e eel ce ee noel co cametes eer cccse 64] 29,100
SALT IMNOUTCUS | eect | Sane toes |S ume ccwaloeccaeosdclesheamans 2,195) 56,325
L EPPS NEVAT IGE oTe) IS eee pete (eat eal PE Fe ei [pearl 36 6, 100
Beam trawls
Kyke nets. ..<--< <<.
Bag nets.....--
Hoopmets: 22-252.
Dip netses.a-s5 <8
iNeefmets. 0. ose os
Pots and traps-....- 4,725 8, 152 5, 768 4, 828 4, 187 9, 157
Wihtcelgsnes = ae. 2| 1,000 Tle Tr S00l-ssassecclsoaesease
HiT GS as wee eae 210) os eee 1a GS ee Sian 10, 845
Dredges, tongs,
hoes, rakes, (CLR pall pag oe Ba AT DaG|See seece oe bB0l5- Sesssaae 1,170
PEE ETF ae Ge RS lo aa Nas da eh be 2, 460
Shore and accessory
DEODELEY) es pees a | eects acorns iy S80, 099| 5.64505. 2, 083, 913].........- 2,731,390
Cashicapital sooth. cece ota e ee 683; 000|2 22 335-" =: 448, 809|...-.-.-.- 545, 327
otalvetty-n. ates eee sek 149190553 |e 2oseee 4,0 064,151|..........|E 5, 824, 263
PRODUCTS.
Albacore (or tuna): Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value.
TOS oe ee | PN NRA TN NMR TE SM | Os Pe EAN eee SES 21,024,190] $315, 622
OES Caos. Dene iy 6] (DRI EE RAR CE 1 (GRE faa UEtei fe 25, 000 481
Anchovies
Rreshien teecs sees ares raeees ikem acsaa| cece senees|aeestos ss 81, 385 1,730
Paliedoerss sos eacesiee acca ts hk SES |e eee Mieseeati rape 16, 000 1, 600
Barracuda:
LOTS) pai ct Sa ee ee Ati ol 5) ol I Ae) ree eR a 3, 262,646) 111, 690
SIGs be co Spee oe A RRS Ae eed Eee is eee 330,000] 13, 180
SOLO memes eae ges] emcee cee eeett loc ccscnsclloweceeces 448,256) 12,622
Catpeeessasceee 200,000} $4,000 50, 000) 750) 350,815 6, 366
(CHER Cee ea rose ea Sere eae [ea Ste Soo 4 ee eee) ae eaten 517,054] 24, 299
Cod:
ROSH S 20 ee ox oom 22,025 421 14, 400 ORS Peete escss-o5
Salted:vse.sicccpe 5, 498,284] 180, 934) ..--------)--eeeeees 4, 952, 692} 161, 695
(COOREOT 242 nan = oer ee ie te 2s oa fs sy see ,15 65)
a 201,640 yards. 511,840 yards. ¢ 10,000 yards. 477,635 yards. ¢ 2,465,920 yards.
f 126,600 yards.
52
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Persons ENGAGED, INVESTMENT, AND PRopucts OF THE FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC
Coast Sratres In 1915—Continued.
Washington. Oregon. California. Total.
PRoDUCTS—continued.
Flounders: Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
MiresHs. oe eee 25, 855 $736) 1, 965 $40) 6, 914, 063] $209, 291] 6,941, 883] $210, 067
Salted eee wale saree) Saree 2 ees | barons oe ecaee eee nomen eae 9, 500 475 9, 500 475
Grayfish gee ges Shei 73098 «906 ||,-i1'5: G5QliSos stance (ss. ete isa eee cepaeel near 7,093,996] 15,959
ake:
Mreshics 2.5 eee ae cel kee Canes |e obeaas| mae Oee tee Eaee ects 221, 252 1, 937 221, 252 1, 937
Salted Vrccrst tate essa Ne oe | oy coed ie aay ee | Cea 24, 000 960 24,000] 960
Halibut see toe eee 40, 590, 705/2, 041,279} 235,169 9 480) cs came ce|ewe ore ee 40, 825, 874]2, 050, 709
HardhGadceeies. access s|boe ce cases |cers SC Aa\lacsoe Rap leccsoouoc 73, 423 3, 622 , 423 » 622
Herring:
Mresh ee ossan st aac 2,129, 149 9, 655 12, 500 383] 764,384 7,116} 2,906,033] 17,154
oP NG ae SE eee ASAE SEE Sel Oe eo reese ed eee 50, 000 1,000 , 000; 1,000
Jewfish:
desc} «bay 5 RR | ee, Le | es eee bee aes 116, 461 1,859 116, 461 1, 859
Balbed esos. oe abel Sade e pemee bae oe eee lone ames Sere acct 138, 000) 5, 020 138, 000 5, 020
ene fishin ors Ss S| os Be oe I Se BE Ste Oe ek 656,003} 17,362} 656,003] 17,362
“TLingceod”’:
reshise jonas seen ee 837, 110 2, 812 12,870 354) 570,860) 14,687] 1,420,840) 17,853
albedo. oes 5 tee nee eee [teen aeeeleebiscee sre eee sats n5e 3, 500 175 3, 500) 175
Mackerel:
Presh oe sdk. Sack u seek ccwpatdl soc eee s coleseete aes Seer eee 253, 899 6, 668 253, 899 6, 668
Salted sce monet ae| Se eee ce ast a cee aad Sees 6, 450) 259 6, 450 259
Millet cts ote th Bee te Ose bk eee a tall eee ae 3, 000 300 3, 000 300
Porch soe so aclt ogo 14,750 493] 11, 930 360] 216,785} 6,327| 243,465] 7,180
Pike; Sacramento |. <2s-|s-=ecsanere oceans sseesrte ee lesan cose 15, 884 449 15, 884 449
JE of Vale) a Bae eee) joc acerca oder see Rosas Ade Saat ssc 19, 350 2, 032) 19,350 2,032
Rock bass:
RR EOSHIS Soe st ee Ee: ae | OE eee | eee ee | ee AN re 895,284] 24,110) 895,284] 24,110
Salted) . sot: sc Sect eee ll Vite nein) lng nd sell 2,750 97 2,750
Rockfishes
Mceshe kere weet ts 101,351} 2,995] 12, 000 445] 4,336,254] 145,816] 4,449,605] 149,256
(Sri ya Meek GRRE Tall i OC OE RS tae |S tonal cee yale 8, 000 400 8, 400
oo ae Rae as Aer 575,810| 13,782] 15,520 388] 64,503) 1,359] 655,833] 15,529
almon:
pads Ceci GEE 5; 043,574|) 345;710))) 330,020) 167848) ice oeeeea|e canes ane 5,380,401} 362,558
nook—
Hresh® fo .c-cc5- 18,188,160] 699, 771|23, 482, 292]1, 209, 024] 7,283,933] 338, 549] 48, 954, 385|2, 247, 344
Salted. 3 Ss | Gas Sea OSES a Se eee ae ales eee 20, 000 2, 400 20, 000 2, 400
Chume22 aap 17,156,224] 282,842] 1,981,879] 11,081| 38,093 190] 19,176,196] 294,113
Humpback.......-- 299084901 = S67boll Le ce aeeee | Seem | eens ene eee 29,998,291) 367, 521
& Silver Se eed TY 18, 630,302} 543,241) 4,844,844] 94,137] 415,197] 12, 459] 23,890,343] 649, 837
ardines:
SUSE eee sees eee ea is ALS ie Se slated Sh ell | 4,387,706] 27,651] 4,387,706] 27, 651
Saal tech Shere age DAN Bc yA Pes al Clee a eee 1, 400 80 1, 400 80
Scalp ee cee eee ee Sieh Tee ee | oes ee eee ae amen 8, 813 345 8, 813 345
Sealbasg: so": Savas geen: 22.0 Reel) 2 Saenate od 2,000 60] 1,221,262) 49,381] 1,223,262) 49, 441
Be meut HN Serene Red Sec San Se ban Phere Peie (reese yee se 6, 083 213 6, 083 213
ad:
Mreshe ween. iene 96, 298 1,164) 488,625 4,945) 6,846,008} 66,982} 7,430,931) 73,091
Belted Pee ee MeO VA |e Seles Alea Mpslice naan es hale aed 0, 000 125 10, 000 125
sir ener ieee aegeal Deeds Been IE Ar Ay Gee Saeed Shem op Soe 27,033} 2,491 27,033} 2,491
Sharks <clst-nneteaee ui 399, 000 (19) Re ee ac 67, 972 236] 466,972) 1,125
Skatess eee 229, 000 At ere bree 177, 650 868] 406,650] 1,383
Srieee, Aaa Me lee 2,158,371] 25,333 3, 500 175] 1,137,072] 52,978] 3,298,943] 78, 486
Solesene sei at Ne US 6S:062| eel Soll Rone eos male S 5,761, 929| 108,254] 5,829,991) 110,205
Spanish mackerele soi. Pesach oe | eae aoe poe cee 396,905} 11, 555 396,905) 11, 555
Sy UFt tl (eee tla Paap ae! | ay eee | ea! ai el La Na 17,016 384 17, 016 384
Steelhead trout.........| 2,114,141] 91,389] 2,365,858] 75,231) 32,405] 1,288] 4,512,404) 167, 908
SGU Or ay ee era ciee oleae commen ce Aboe caine allacicwme ee lacke canes 605, 000 US| 5, 1,512
DtTIPGd PASS rena cee cota seuere dee eae |e orerecteestee mie e aretemratnall ele ete ater 1,784,448} 146,928} 1,784,448) 146,928
Sturgeons 22: Sesan-teue 43, 656 2,151 97,785 5, 014 16, 924 987 158, 365 8,152
Sturgeon caviar........ 800 TB ana caavor cleceeceete sina ates es laecine pecs 300 75
spauby oly) yor eS apa as [ae Ora ete tame ene seems corse Re aeoreae 1, 275 708 1, 275) 708
Surf fish 127,500) 7,255) 127,500} 7, 255
Tomcod 41, 912 939 64,412] 1, 839
Whitebait 56, 250 2, 250 56, 250) 2, 250
Yellowtail:
BOSH 2 cpscs'n, 2 Aee| Caicos Maen Gone t- ere | Nepean | eee 1,094,416] 26,123] 1,094,416] 26,128
SE (i a pen PSEA <oahin) LOD Pinta Pee OE FET eae Rea 124,500} 4,743} 124,500) 4,743
Miscellansous fishes’. 5 <5 8.s See a ae cae Se ee eens 17, 232 539 17, 232 539
Abalone:
1:1 yg} ES a a a (ea IEE |b oe ea 24, 026 517 24, 026 517
A EG ak a i cD ae pe | Chae ns ee OD i eas 730,974] 16,830 730,974] 16,830
STIL as oe oe ee eae cen Soa bes BES Se || Se 74,000} 1, 890: 74,000} 1,890
: Pearland plisters:-| 222-2... leeee eee ae lace aeesee eeeteeee les ee ae 15240) eee 1, 240
ams:
Hard sesnteaoccs 5. 175,744 IPS EA ease se 65,856] 17,583 241,600) 29,774
Soft... accteras. sa 1, 200 150 22, 460, 3,041 67,160) 18,107 90,820} 21,298
Razors vp an cadens 372,750) 56,446 77, 10, 900!......- wasnt Genesis 449,950) 67,346
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. oe
PERSONS ENGAGED, INVESTMENT, AND PRODUCTS OF THE FISHERIES OF THE PACIFIC
Coast States In 1915—Continued.
Washington. Oregon California. Total
PRODUCTS—continued.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Mrissels 2 S25 552285. 700 Cee ede nooead eee enc dor 19,240} $2,326 19,940) $2,409
Oysters:
Eastern market. - -. 2OG 00131), 1405028) ee sc dace «in| |eiscciain ain 375,774] 165,573 640,787) 305, 601
450,394] 250, 298 1, 547 $725 8, 435 6,513 460,376] 257,536
= DEO | ORGS ese Sel PES eS S| ee 24,808] 8, 619
QO PUSE sete coe ane ent cis ne | sisieisnate cal fowiciste Salem | ea eeieese 32, 309 2,717 32, 309 Billed
Squi i 15, 000 B25 | om coisa cal Saree ote 6, 211,325) 32,626] 6,226,325) 32,951
Crabs -| 1,734,410] 54,526) 415,272) 13,755] 1,414,155] 128,434] 3,563,837| 196,715
SE Gh 55 Ss as ee Bl ee 183,720) 20,747 550) 265 184,270) 21,012
Shrim 386;,420|! 18; 719] ess Secs llace estas 298, 000 5, 550 684,420) 24, 269
IDET VAIO DSTOES 25 3 555: [ee stoniyelons ae latocine hoo] Scam e cieel bocird aoe 892,392} 130,119 892,392} 130,119
PERTTI OS Se Meets osha x ciara yn | a eine Sea lines ties lamiatel nice ctelbiastieeeee 206 13 206 13
Cod tongues? ---. 5s. 30, 000) DE OOO | eiteaieaielelete| salleure oe 7,400 370 37, 400 2, 460
Wihaicioilbeteccr S03. 2NOSOgl ao) MILA Boll| |e cca cc cicc]isiwance close | aiorerciwssteiae|ieice maccee 2,635,125) 112,851
Whalebone...........-.. 6, 000 ZOE. cassia tats | interests on] ee oa ae tee inate cee 6, 000) 4, 200
Otheriwaaleproducts =|) 152025000} 24; 390|os 020.0012. eo owen. wc |ieccese cee 1,292,000} 24,390
SLES SNS NE ES i Re | a ree RS | LA ee 8 i a 9, 375) 4,120 9,375) 4,120
Ce Saas eee ed 450, 000 TH SEAGER boed aoeeem aes 5, 000, 000 2,500) 5,450,000 2,691
Oiheriscaweelsee so- 3 3|(sascese eee ol maceu dees be cc ceseekloosaaesee 6,799) 325 6,799) 325
Total...........--|159, 053, 778|5, 320, 725/34, 692, 863/1, 479, 021/93, 338, 703/2, 506, 702/287, 085, 344/9, 306, 448
Summary or Persons ENGAGED, CAPITAL INVESTED, AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF
THE FISHERIES OF THE Paciric Coast STATES IN CERTAIN YEARS.
Items and States. 1888 1892 1895 1899 1904 1908 1915
PERSONS ENGAGED,
Washington. ............ 3,363 4,310 6, 212 9,911 8, 829 4,954 14,645
OT eae aa 3,619 4,332 6, 323 5,643 5,299 4,772 5,900
California................ 4,684 5, 403 4,770 3,974 5, 530 4,129 8,452
11,666| 14,045] 17,305| 19,528| 19,658] 13,855 28,997
.- $1, 261,078 |$1, 593, 567 |$2,024, 469 |$6, 601, 243 |$5,319, 201 |$3, 442,000 |$14, 129, 553
-| 1,859,299 | 2,272, 351-| 2,637,412 | 3,497,643 | 3,756,692 | 1,367,000 | 470647 151
2,081,950 | 2,526,746 | 2,612,298 | 2,774,493 | 3) 7647056 | 1,659,000 | 5, 824/263
5, 202,327 | 6,392,664 | 7,274,179 |12,873,379 |12, 839,949 | 6,468,000 | 24,017,967
810,326 | 931,568 | 1,402, 433 | 2,871,438 | 2,972,633 | 3,513,000 | 5,320,725
Ornerniheia ear. es. 733,867 | 872,405 | 1,284,136 | ’855,750 | 1,185,092 | 1,356,000 | 1,479,021
California.......-......-- 2,465,317 | 3,022,991 | 1,786,479 | 2,551,451 | 2)5237141 | 19707000 | 27506, 702
Total...... een tiee 4,009, 510 | 4,826,964 | 4,473,048 | 6,278,639 | 6,680,866 | 6,839,000 | 9,306,448
54 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Quantity AND VALUE or Various FisHERY Propucts PREPARED, EXCLUSIVE OF
CANNING, IN THE Pacrric Coast States IN 1915.
Washington. Oregon. California. Total.
Method and products.
DRIED.
Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Squids eg Be oo. Se ee ee er ee eee SS ees 1,200,000 } $51,000 | 1,200,000 | $51,000
FROZEN.
Barracuda ts +5 32545: 150 12
Dolly Varden trout... 6,577 345
Finnan Haddie. .-.-..-. 390 50
BPlounder-222 3-25.8= 22 280 15
Ingliput: Se eee eee 2,551, 537 122, 502
Herning | 5oee eee i 887, 645 28, 705
Horse mackerel. ---.... "250 15
[Ting codei See 23-2 20, 235 809
Mackerel... -- ees 870 45
Rerch. > ss.202- = es 315 60
Rocktishes?» eee 4-2 31, 218 1,440
Sablefishsso7 -<--- 2s 281, 450 8, 503
Salmon:
Chinook: +... 2.226 650, 805 . : 5 47,774
Chums’ es 2-22 Je680 4718) | HIGO SEB, | Sc ceee eae: os eee IE Wee 1,680,718 | 69,568
Silvenetcs. cs 6 2 17237158) 645822 | 759023) SAS Akl eee eee louse debe 1,312;181 | 68, 206
Dandines.s sees casos 975 12. | eeswesecee|oeeestcelemesee see es ower it 22 "975 12
Shadier stipe pant Serer: sees eee ee tee eee SEALEOL SMES DS Sec teed |e eee eee 36, 160 1,825
Shad Toe) 22.25522255=- 150 25 5, 123 696) | socneeee |p cero 5, 273 721
Sinblipereees ceesaerets 105, 446 AIGTBE RSet cee Socom ase ees | oe eee 105, 446 4,673
Soles sant: tease cence 1100s |!" ~~ 4d ee = cee | ee aa eee 1, 100
Spanish mackerel. . ..- 3,015 200s se See SSE as ee Peat eee | ose omen 3,015 200
Steelhead trout... ..--- 2890 251i neil 00D yan B74 824 | 620 N75) pene ae eee eee eee 659,507 | 40,685
SUUDSCOM Rs ae =a eae eee aes aoe | a wccmmnen = AQ5600| O42 0M = pea ees acer pee eee 49, 560 6, 426
Momcodsss2ssr sss 5537 |Sastssae Tel eses es cles 500 AD) ae eect ee beac sees 500 40
Strum peasttes Sacer 24,274 PE Dod Pempe eta be pie eed banka ans oa 24,274 2,425
Suis Ps 2 CS Git me cy CRE eee ol ea [ewe Sea cee ee 1,035 55
Wopstens 2 bie oer 617 1D) Reese A|s Rene et oe ee ee eee eee 617 125
Miscellaneous. ...-.--- 43, 892 3:000)|{2ececcs jehogsonciiagsesoonad Jeencmons 43, 892 3,000
Motaligt a ocevce Su812 5157) |S7l 8h4y (G45 848.36 eto an |e neem ene ames 9,457,475 | 408, 280
MILD-CURED
Salmon:
Chiniook= ose ce 1,208,800 | 130,052 |2,821,027 384,090 | 1,761,300 | 187,220 | 5,791,127 | 677,162
huni: sors. is. 83,000 2,060 CT en PERRO Cees 87, 000
Dilverwse oss tsc ssa |tesanckee | acetone 405800) | 145095) |J20-a2oe-—-|scise see
5) 66216 hares eae ym ae a ees SOD a OER Da Se 8,000 ”440 105, 000 5, 250
Steelhead trout.......|...-.------ Ipastesece: 800 GU) | eacen. SS toss ede son
Dotalae seen. 1,291,800 | 132, 112 |2,874,627 |388,945 | 1,866,300 | 192, 470
PICKLED.
Salnrons Chinoglker oo s\a-o retin sae eee a ee eee ere leaeeeeee 245,000 | 26,950
SALTED. |
Albacore (or tuna). -..}.---=-.---- AateReimba Bets s54cel tse cert: 71,020 3,092
Parracnd as owen s eee cee
BGO Ss sane cece cel sisee eee tore
aMule esse eres ee
fa iia ys) eae eee ee
Jewfish . nc
i Lingcod”’. ae
Mackerel... ..
ROCK basses soo see lek oes =e amaninte |oee eee oe ine eee ‘
TROCKASHES = coe se Sscess| cs cee eee cn sec os eee eee ee 3, 500 122
Sublefishess5.--2 25-2 212, 300 9; 728A stator eee te | eee meee
Salmon:
Chinooke tse fo sSs25| ee ce oe ot Oe cine ae cone eee eae ete 160, 000 6, 500
Chums as 1, 600 800 5,000 995) |. ete Lee
Humpback. ....-. 10, 000 CR peak sce Boe ere Bremer cries SS oe
Rilyer ee. eee 1, 444, 800 91, 489 4, 200 Tih || oano sees =| aeeetnee tere
PATON eRe Ok 21 Sache 5 [eee iets sae ae eee | ee eee eee 20, 000 2,000
DCA ASS sale wow os =s)nic Sis ni 'Somelmistetete ae mene retaralar hal [eects eee te 3, 000 120
Race cee is se acs kOe es he kc ee 4,558,750 | 68,212
Sranishamackerel - 6 aloe 5s | eee | ee eee 6, 450 258
PRO Witnel eee os So lok Sak. SEA S| ee eter 37, 158 1,301
Morale eek ec 1,773, 800 | 106, 493 9, 200 602 | 5,023,982 | 83, 138
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 55
QUANTITY AND VALUE oF VARIOUS FisHERY PRODUCTS PREPARED, EXCLUSIVE OF
CANNING, IN THE Pactric Coast States rn 1915—Continued.
——— ee a eee
Method and products. Washington. Oregon. California. Total.
SMOKED,
Pounds. Value. | Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value.
Fe be a 7, 600 $858 7, 600 $858
SAE|6 565054 Socee sseeco| AAAS EeSe 50, 000 5,000
ae BOM Gee OE BON n'a stars caae| te cares 10, 000 1, 500 107, 050 10, 835
Herring... me 7,8 RUG) Basecoaesel AE Sasshe 5, 000 300 42, 800 1,775
as map iuias ante aici 279, 850 20k OD | elaine isisiees | eieetteie a 2,000 45 281, 850 26, 208
Salmon:
Chinookws co.cc. 1,525,520 | 147,793 1,075 $134 10,000 1,500 | 1,536,595 | 149, 427
Cham oe sass oes 65, 5€0 Sie BS eoocoe ne Eincscce Bases caer | Aaa aanrns 65, 560 3, 288
Bulvers: Saccecoese6 2, 200 218; ~ 500 int) eS See eel tee ee 2,700 268
HUT POON ase neces se oe 230 2 Bsead aac =| Sac anes Meet GaHeoe DEBat Ones 230 29
otal see. so - 2,058,210 | 193,301 1,575 184 34, 600 4,203 | 2,094,385 | 197,688
MISCELLANEOUS.4@
Shrimp meat.......... 133, 689 S136) EHS hese Semel is oer a [eat Cee Lees he 133, 689 38, 303
Mertib2er. 2G sare aces + 3, 854, 000 77,560 | 400,000 | 7,600 850,000 | 15,305 | 5,104,000 | 100, 465
Poultry food.......... 421, 000 LON S10) | atte | sck anes 1,140,000 | 28, 200 | 1,564,000 38, 570
(CICS 5eie eee LOO ST 2UTES SO" 2008 ER cee eee. | seemed wees a Sen Me ge a 6400; 121 | 36, 200
(0) Beane aS ens ae 1, 284, 338 50,555 | 225,000} 9,000 491,752 | 19,548 |¢2,001,090 79, 103
Ground clamshells..... 300, 000 TP SOO0) Wor narssemree| sceresceed| es A eee ae 300, 000 1, 500
Totales ae os. 6,396, 148 | 214,488 | 625,000 | 16,€00 | 2,481,752 | 63,053 | 9,502,900 | 294, 141
420, 814 |35, 339, 469 |1, 881, 819
Spouse poe, poultry food, glue, and oil shown in the above table were prepared from fish and
fish offal.
b 41,038 gallons.
¢ 266,812 gallons.
SALMON Pack oF THE Pactric Coast States In 1915.
Items. Washington. Oregon. California. Total.
Number. Value. | Number. Value. |Number.| Value. | Number.| Value.
Canneries@............ 59 |$5, 187, 297 28 |$1, 088, 358 5 |$289, 361 @ 92 136,565, 016
Gusteapitalncost.ocach eee. 3868300) | sees eee BIORSNOT Le aeceee 5S 000)! | see eee 781, 109
Persons engaged....... Cat (od (= Seen UES Ee eeene aes SOOM) ec eae OX630) Teena eee
Nie eci pal Gs speay cst is) [maces eae LOO SSETA somes BOON7994| ae O13) Paani 1, 660, 901
PRODUCTS.)
Blueback or sock-eye
Sorento ean cases ..| 91,720 932,394 4,510 7 BO ee | eee eee 96, 230 957, 309
Chinook.......- do....| 178, 464 | 1,400, 220 | 292, 765 | 2,246,565 | 19,508 | 109,391 | 490; 737 | 3,756, 176
Chums ese do....| 450,409 | 1,219,061} 40,728| 104,698 ].........]......... 491,137 | 1,323,759
Pain padi. OGe5-) boy,a78) | lT12, 500 be. ocd cece | ete eto 590,378 | 1,772,565
Silvers do...) 206,508 | 1,036,859 | 53,405] 258,038 | 3,578 | 16,391 | 263,491 | 1311288
Steelhead trout
oo eceececes Cases ..| 10,270 64,860 | 18,783 IZ 600 We sasos slosh oer 29, 053 177, 460
Dota ooe- eos oe sis 1,527,749 | 6,425,959 | 410,191 | 2,746,816 | 23,086 | 125,782 |1, 961,026 | 9,298, 557
NSS EEE EEE EEE EE ——E—E—E—E—E——E—EEEE
a 26 of these firms were also engaged in other branches of the canning or packing trade, with 6 of whom
salmon canning was merely incidental.
> All products represent 48 pounds to the case.
160695 °—20 32
56 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
CoMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY STATES, OF THE NUMBER OF CASES OF SALMON CANNED
IN THE Pacrric Coast STATES IN CERTAIN YEARS.
States. Blueback.| Chinook. | Chum. | HUmP- | sitver. | Steelhead) pot),
1892—Washington......- 19,441 | 134,253 | 29,411 |....--.-.-- 28,708 | 26,945| 238,758
Oregon.-.....-.... BL Ont eee. ees, 60,293 | 45,403] 394,486
Calitfammia:-..2ci51-...d.0 jhe I gape kee ee 1 Bay We eee 15,884
Metals sos. es TSE SaRITL Tl 29ain ee eee 90,551| 72,348] 649,128
1893—Washington....... | 55,237 | 129,078] 23,480] 17,530| 31,707| 25,663] 282,695
Oregon.....-.-.... 23,074 | 176,024 9p | ees 62,913 | 39,563] 310,804
California ® =) fee yee. 3 26 SG Pe ee ee DOU |e neere ene 26,936
Ui eee ae 78,311 | 331,538 | 32,710] 17,530] 95,120| 65,226] 620,435
1894—Washington....... 53,717 | 156,549| 33,952} 9,049| 32,118| 23,209] 308,594
Oregon............ 25,523 | 216,507 2 | Lee: 100,087 | 38,829| 384,108
CanifGmnin. <0. 2'cr tena is lah nse aaa Kuk porate IO i zeteee 32) 163
Totals. ..c.: as 79,240| 404,719] 37,114 9,049 | 132,705| 62,038| 724,865
1895—Washington....... 70,304 | 157,187| 48,686 23,633] 81,957{ 18,985| 400,752
Oregon.......-.... 12,854] 316,284] 27,027 |..-......-. 138,981 | 30,693 | 525,839
@alifornia: 2.0) ees te OR Ge Irn. ee lees 00 | 2 ae 29; 035
otal ee 83,158 | 502,106] 75,713| 23,633 | 221,338| 49,678| 955,626
1899—Washington....... / 503,950 | 95,147] 42,656 | 252,733| 145,139 2,258 | 1,041,883
Oresone 19,665 | 214,821} 18,345 |.........-. 78,730 9,736 | 341,297
Califomia: -f22 2.0 ees BE TMG cee La ek as eee Cah 34; 180
Pagal ey. ae 523,615 | 344,148| 61,001| 252,733 | 223,869] 11,994] 1,417,360
1904—Washington....... 112,911 | 140,695] 94,265 |........... 168, 069 3,050| 518,990
Greritis se ca. 9,264] 223,646| 15,150 |........... 65,557 6,818 | 320,435
Galilomia< 2.0 Use ek ET SOT ete ae oo oan ee real oe 17, 807
Det l ione 122,175 | 382,148| 109,415 |........... 233, 626 9,868 | 857,232
1908—“Wiashington 22 -..| sconce lca eal eae ean | aa 460, 229
Oregon ene ese ee lnatc ces oe | secacne mane la eine sien ce] ican omtocne! ae ea relate aia Hel etecetmtetetetets 340, 396
Galifommia® 22 32.62 ocece sete bosons socaclteumene soos aowcctomens eee cee secee sees 3,938
0 1) earns Speen ae) REM en (ere me | ES wR ae Fea tret) CRE 804, 563
1915—Washington....... 91,720 | 178, 464 10,270 | 1,527,749
OREGON aes oe an bcee 4,510 292,765 18, 783 410, 191
Calitormin settee c|toeaste estes 19, 508 Eh nasbeccoces 23, 086
NS Oe ee ee eee ee eee
Wobalex cet. se 96,230 | 490,737 | 491,137] 590,378 | 263,491 29,053 | 1,961,026
YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS OF THE Paciric Coast STATES
IN 1915.
Species. Chetco River, Oreg. | Columbia one” Wash. and | Coquille River, Oreg.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
WanDEe scheswscceeasencs ca [oe coaaneeoce | eneoen ee 250, 000 $4,'750)|..-2... 02 eee| see
Salmon:
IBTHEDACK: «7.2 sc cccouce| sac wataceeets cid cceeomers 522, 274 20280. ||-tn2n- oases | ea See
Chincoke-. ees 30, 560 $1, 833 29, 620, 791 1, 454, 873 207, 138 $5, 467
(CTC eet DE) ie ae mt pee) TR 2, 274, 082 13,958. | Sessa ee
Hump backs< 2 -seecc: 2 |aceamec aces: seetecmmere 147, 924 1, O45 es eins eee eee
Silver....... : 12, 270 306 4, 372, 439 92, 170 330, 046 5, 049
Steelhead mS 300 10 3, 795, 452 122, 135 12,620 398
Bhadiiirestie 2-20 Saas bere aos eee tee 580, 985 5, 947
rleltar eee onscreen 1, 625, 605
SU] y 3) 01 « A an nee es (ae ee Sas Ieee peor 133, 273
PUAIRPEOM CAVIGY <'5 ce enim coc maal 4. ceaebes | ene eae 300
MIOWIC OD Sapa satan airs 2 = t caere|haeeelaueene|Ssete seca 22, 500
CrAWAISH eS soc os ae caia= Gene econ nee cece Emme se eeeies 183, 720
Misha estar anak 43, 130 2,149 | 43,529,345 1, 756, 228 549, 804 10, 914
«This does not include 66,000 pounds of chinook salmon, valued at $3,330; 38,093 pounds of chum sal-
mon, valued at $190; and 12,330 pounds ofsilver salmon, valued at $370, taken in the Columbia River by
California fishermen,
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
57
YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS OF THE Paciric Coast STATES
In 1915—Continued.
Species.
Kel River, Calif.
Klamath River,
Necanicum River,
Nehalem River,
Calif. Oreg. Oreg.
Salmon: Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Chinook! ees ee 447,306 | $17,886 | 643,000 | $14,467 |..........J......... 371,024 | $9,212
Cletb ros Re eee ie cat el ES 3 PAS | aeemeerce 6] ACeeaceAa 3, 220 $45 176,330 883
Silver). 21S Sat 71,972 | 2,846] 174,846] 3,497] 42,058 850 | 322,632 | 6,453
Steelhead: sei). 2202 UA GOS | ete ADO AD ete ee ae eran Weta irhA aA yee 2 23, 644 945
Sturgeon. <ssse a sess- oe 8, 010 ZOO) ects eee |e, ewes Uhr See e Sori: On
otal ee eno. 558, 893 | 22,246 | 817,846 | 17,964| 45,278 895 | 893,630 | 17,493
= Nestucca River, . Sacramento River, San Joaquin
Species. Oreg, Rogue River, Oreg. Calif River, Calif,
Pounds.| Value.}| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
voir it IRR 0 8 aaa TO 0 Se a De [eee 95,529 | $1,412] 63,286] $1,474
COFFS HIS 21S ee ie ees a (eae a Be eT Oe 188,267 | 7,961 | 328,787] 16,388
Bigra@hicnd ? eee sagen s|sacectn csp awcwie ces |saeleecicweas ss senate 68, 749 3,476 4,674 146
PAK OS ORCIAMON EO cee ae =)=(=|tacfecsemie|aiecnecce|-eicieute~siers|occcee c= 10, 924 320 4,960 129
Salmon:
Whinook<)-228)..- 22h 161,901 | $4,047 | 1,081,457 | $65,001 | 3,382,370 | 185,231 | 200,409] 10,390
Si es ae 174,268 | 3,485 BAe Balt syle ORs aca tocer ch alee ate elk 2 ne ee
Enea oe eae 16, 890 G75) jos aonasere | Stee mnrsen lp ciosetnen ts Somnecttoe lene come cas eeeeeeee
ad:
IRTOSH rs Setien ae ee so 4,681,710 | 50,756 | 561,820 7,172
Bitters 8 Sa ait 32: 10, 000 POR cat sacs ls eee
Ea te ee 9, 135 872| 17,898] 1,619
Spuieiaile oh oe 15, 550 329 1, 466 55
Striped bass..............- .| 1,271, 102 | 104,432 | 69,646] 5,898
SUMTOCONS s.. oe oe Season 8, 855 732 59 5
Sturgeon roe. 1, 253 697 22 il
Suckers . 689 16 1,375 70
NEN ge Ces A aug ee Ca Be 9 eV Re Pee [eS See ee [eee 22 4
otalee se fsck kee 353,059 | 8, 207 | 1,133,331 | 66,298 | 9,744,133 | 356,359 | 1,254,424] 43, 361
. Siletz River Siuslaw River Smith River, Snake River
Species. Oreg. ” Oreg. Calif. Wash.
Salmon: Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
[SUT GIVG eS See eRe n ome Dears ae eony Ma hie mene Pas ie, oat all Bees Soe ae je ere | eee 4, 600 $355
Chinogk"== S282 ee: 167,064 | $8,197] 33,180 $829 | 61,420] $1,535] 48,088] 3,757
Chimes cccees sp oes 36, 720 ASS omaeasooes|cae eck bc|base csaecalseesase es 984 79
Rilgae ue. see 108,670] 1,612] 83,306] 1,670] 15,552 233 5, 448 398
‘Si rarel ita 70 bs ES eS SR er eee sen Eg Sees ie 1, 040 SLi Se tec os salons sees. 85, 848 6,781
SUES HO es Se Se See eee | Sees ae erg ee) eee ee ep eae eee eee 1,300 98
Hotalieas sii. eee 310,454 | 9,994] 117,526] 2,530] 76,972| 1,768| 146,260| 11,468
58 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS OF THE Paciric Coast STATES
IN 1915—Continued.
Snohomish River,
Species. Wash Umpqua River, Oreg. Total.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. | Value. Pounds. Value.
CO 1 ORES Be See eee Se Gane area | ih he they, Reel Ma ia ea ice eee 408, 815 $7, 636
Catfish 9 oie og bee. 12 eee se capa || 08 So Ses ey ON ae ee | bee saas 517, 054 24, 349
ardhead ses soca nomic | poesseaeced | Aeabeteccn | ermemaa samen eS Aes 73, 423 3, 622
Ike SaCTamenvOneeeren.s|aec ces wrecen|aeneecie sents | tence a aeetaets | ate ate eee 15, 884 449
Salmon:
Blueback=~a.252e--=- 2, 250 SISO eae: 55. Hs5s| se cenea- sae 529, 124 25, 822
Chincok eee. 44, 690 1, 564 112, 923 $2, 265 36, 613, 321 1, 786, 554
Chumee eee aay =: 42, 800 803 5, 130 2,539, 266 15, 993
Humpback.... 13, 900 73 REE ge Chal MS ea. S8aue 161, 824 2, 053
Silverse eee aes, 304, 000 11, 695 548, 610 10, 000 6, 615, 991 141, 561
7 Steelhead IE SA Snes 15, 750 945 3, 000 120 3, 986, 149 133, 304
ad:
HITES We acme ca sich oeaael| S Pacer seek | priaeasee cae tes eet ec eae catenioe ee 5, 824, 515 63, 875
Salted ent | cabot otek ee |e eS Lee ls 9) ae ae 10, 000 125
ROG 2 as 3.2 2 cE | ote cee nall ae meee ce aleer maces c= ae meals emo 27, 033 2,491
Splits’ 6 se" aaa Fo ge'y.| Pome teen nee ee Ta ye ee ee eee 1, 625, 605 6, 748
Dplvt-tail S25. actee wea | see eee ina oll eee tee cia | Pee aes fae aren ape te ere 17, 016
Striped asses 5.0 Vege. :|:se glee new oe ona te Is ee | ee alate ieee ac Oe 1,340, 748 110, 330
Sturgeouh -.- 2. ssh sect n|2 ase costes o| Ses eemcases lps Seekosteee ee ee aeeeeess 150, 297 7, 788
Sturgeon caviare. 2. ties -a8|- 2 Seas eee |e aan | te eee es eee oe ae 300 75
Sturgeon roe. ...-..--- Cee (Oe anne pine a= ae Mee ae eae ee Fol Be SPR cane 1, 275 708
Buckerseet she se se ave eS cee ewes | tenon eee eee a ee See 2, 064 86
Attors {ors 0 AB Se eat ceos Bba|sprch saraneel|boosaacase da eecs seeOncos ESsnbiacsctse 22, 500 900
Crawfish 275.323. 78 2eGee ole he Bet Ae oc ao tealtee eeninctean| seeoceeeeeae 183, 720 20, 747
Turtles...............--.--|-----222--2-|--- 2-22-22 -]--- 222-2222] eee ene ee 22 4
Totalie: a. \ eee 423, 390 15, 395 669, 663 12, 425 60, 665, 946 2, 355, 604
CoMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE CATCH OF INTRODUCED FISHES IN THE PACIFIC
Coast STATES IN 1899, 1904, 1908, AND 1915.2
WASHINGTON.
Species. 1899 1904 1908 ; 1915
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Valuc. | Pounds. | Value.
Care ection bc See el a Ce Fae a ee lee 200,000 | $4,000
GASH ES 3, fcteoes 105,700 | $2, 114 6,000 | $800 |..c2.2.0-2|002.c-- =. cee
fies eae ania 85,000] 1,275 | 125,287 96,298 | 1,164
Motallets. cece 190,700 | 3,389 | 131,287] 2,053] 100,000] 1,900] 296,298| 5,164
OREGON.
*
Caepiene h bey aa ee er alee he 20,000 $200 30, 000 $300 50, 000 $750
Cnthehy soo 8 54,360 | $1,087 | 180,000] 6,000} 201,000] 9,000 ]...........]........
Bhad cot ctene ree oes 32, 000 320 36,846 | 1,433 | 431,000] 8,000] 488,625 | 4,945
Patalesscs-coe 86,360 | 1,407| 236,846] 7,633] 662,000] 17,300] 538,625] 5,695
CALIFORNIA.
Ort yeaa ee ia 293,514 | $2, 400 70,374 | $1,407] 427,000] $4,300] 350,815 | $6,366
(CC a eran 465,911 | 12,734 | 737,144 | 20,992 | 1,069,000 | 56,000 | 517,054 | 24,299
(S17 5 abe ene eae RE 1,137,801 | 147303 | 327)372 | 9,960 | 1,169,000 | 12,000 | 6,858,008 | 67,107
Striped bass........... 1, 234, 230 | 61,814 | 1,570,404 | 92,116 | 1,776,000 | 135,000 | 1,784, 448 | 146, 928
Motalsvesekaeeens 3, 121, 546 | 91,251 | 2,705,294 | 124,475 | 4,441,000 | 207,300 | 9,510,325 | 244,700
TOTAL.
Oi lee a re 283,514 | $2, 400 90,374 | $1,607] 457,000] $4,600) 600,815 | $11,116
Gafni ree css ois 625,971 | 15,935 | 923,144 | 27/292 | 1,270,000] 65,000] 517,054] 24,299
Shad: ees eiacte ec... 1,254,801 | 15,898 | 489/505] 13,146 | 1,700,000 | 21,900 | 7,442,931 | 73,216
Striped bass........... 1,234’ 320 | 61,814 | 1,570,404 | 92/116 | 1,776,000 | 135,000 | 1,784, 448 | 146, 928
Wotalisesceey ale 3,398, 606 | 96,047 | 3,073,427 | 134,161 | 5,203,000 | 226,500 |10, 345, 248 | 255, 559
@ The statistics for 1908 in this table are from data published by the Bureau of the Census.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 59
FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON.
The fisheries of Washington in 1915 were more extensive than
those of Oregon and California combined. The number of persons
employed was 14,645, of whom 3,655 were on vessels fishing, 380 on
vessels transporting fishery products, 5,481 in the shore or boat
fisheries, and 5,129 on shore in canneries and other fishery industries.
The investment amounted to $14,129,553, which includes 472
fishing vessels valued at $2,194,660, with a net tonnage of 11,363
tons, and outfits valued at $578,825; 140 transporting vessels,
valued at $689,248, with a net tonnage of 2,213 tons, and outfits
valued at $68,895; 299 scows, valued at $142,660, with a net ton-
nage of 7,258 tons; 1,567 gasoline boats, valued at $645,480; 2,581
sail and other boats, valued at $96,515; fishing apparatus employed
on vessels to the value of $308,485; fishing apparatus employed on
boats to the value of $1,475,186; shore ee accessory property
valued at $7,386,599; and cash capital amounting to $543,000.
The products amounted to 159,053,778 pounds, valued at
$5,320,725, credited to the different districts as follows: Puget
Sound, 84,204,558 pounds, valued at $2,095,547; Columbia River
and tributaries, 15,796,175 pounds, valued at $496,339; Grays
Harbor, 5,159,682 pounds, valued at $154,505; Willapa Harbor,
2,800,074 pounds, valued at $178,557; and the Pacific Ocean and
other waters, 51,209,557 pounds, valued at $2,405,155. The catch of
salmon, including steelhead, amounted to 91,130,492 pounds, valued
at $2,330,474; halibut, 40,590,705 pounds, valued at $2,041,279; cod,
5,520,309 pounds, valued at-$181,355; grayfish, 7,093,996 pounds,
valued at $15,959; smelts, 2,158,371 pounds, valued at $25,333;
crabs, 1,734,410 pounds, valued at $54,526; and oysters, eastern and
native, 740,215 pounds, or 105,745 bushels, valued at $398,945.
The whale products included whale oil, 2,635,125 pounds, valued at
$112,851; whalebone, 6,000 pounds, valued at $4,200; and other
products amounting to 1,292,000 pounds, valued at $24,390.
Compared with the returns for 1904, there was an increase of 65.87
per cent in the number of oe employed, 165.63 per cent in the
amount of capital invested, and of 78.80 per cent in the quantity
and 78.99 per cent in the value of the products. The products also
show an increase of 58.33 per cent in the quantity and 51.45 per cent
in the value over those in the returns for 1908, published by the
Bureau of the Census.
For statistics as to the number of persons employed, amount of
ae invested, and the quantity and value of the products of the
fisheries of Washington in 1915, see table, page 51. Statistics as
to the approximate catch of certain fishery products of Washington
by districts in 1915 are contained in the following table:
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
60
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FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 61
FISHERIES BY COUNTIES.
In 1915 commercial fishing was prosecuted in 25 counties in Wash-
ington. These include counties bordering on Puget Sound, the Pacific
Ocean, and the Columbia River and tributaries. This report shows
salmon, including steelhead trout, taken commercially as far from the
coast as in the Snake River opposite Lewiston, Idaho. No commer-
cial fishing, however, is followed from the latter State, as its laws
discourage all but hook-and-line fishing. Practically the entire catch
of the Snake River is made with seines and consists mainly of steel-
head trout and chinook salmon; a few blueback, chum, and silver
salmon, and sturgeon are also taken.
King County.—This county supports the most valuable fisheries of
the State, due mainly to the fact that Seattle is located within its
boundaries. Most of the State’s salmon and halibut fleets are owned
and operated from this city. Among other important fisheries
centered here are the gill-net and troll fisheries. In 1915 the products
of the fisheries of this county amounted to 54,993,930 pounds, with
a value to the fishermen of $2,204,124. The two most important
items of this total are 33,642,389 pounds of halibut, valued at
$1,691,211, and 16,934,501 pounds of the various species of salmon,
including steelhead trout, valued at $406,981. Salted cod amounting
to 2,220,000 pounds, with a value of $73,980, is also an important
item. These fish are taken and salted in Alaskan waters and brought
back to the State for ae and shipment.
Whatcom County.—The output of the fisheries of this county in
1915 amounted to 20,546,494 pounds, having a value to the fisher-
men of $493,887, consisting mainly of salmon. Most of these are
taken with pound nets and gill nets in the shore fisheries and with
purse seines in the vessel fisheries. This county, being very con-
venient to the fishing grounds, has many of the largest salmon can-
neries of the State. Bellingham and Blaine are the centers of the
canning, as well as of the fishing, industry of the county.
Skagit County.—The fisheries of this county ranked next in impor-
tance to those of Whatcom County, the output amounting to
14,693,537 pounds, valued at $427,988. This county is also con-
venient to the salmon-fishing grounds, and owes its extensive fish-
eries to that fact. With the exception of a few cases of salmon
packed at La Conner, all of the county’s salmon pack was put up at
Anacortes, where eight canneries were in operation in 1915. Exten-
sive pound-net and purse-seine fisheries are also operated from here.
La Conner supports valuable gill-net fisheries, the catch being taken
to Anacortes. Included in the total output of the county are
3,278,284 pounds of salted cod, valued at $106,954, taken in Alaskan
waters by schooners owned at Anacortes. Samish, in this county,
is the most northern point in the State at which oysters are taken.
In 1915, 2,400 bushels of eastern oysters, worth $9,000, and 480
bushels of native oysters, worth $1,890, were marketed from private
beds in Samish Bay.
Pierce County.—F¥ ishing is followed from many places in this county,
but the most important fishing center in the county is Tacoma,
where a large number of purse-seine vessels are owned and operated.
Several halibut vessels also fish from this port. No salmon canning
is done in this county, but large quantities of fish are handled at
62 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Tacoma, either in a fresh, frozen, salted, or smoked condition.
This county leads in the value of its shrimp fisheries, 201,332 pounds,
having a value to the fishermen of $9,171, being credited to it in 1915.
The meat of more than one-half of these shrimps is extracted by
Tacoma dealers before selling. The total output of fishery products
in the county was 15,861,531 pounds, valued at $408,964, as compared
with 7,255,164 pounds, valued at $196,824, in 1904.
Pacific County.—This county ranks fifth in the value of its fishery
products. The salmon fisheries are the most important, but there
are also several others deserving of mention. The total production
in 1915 amounted to 8,701,774 pounds, with a value to the fishermen
of $398,845, showing a decline since 1904 of 427,074 pounds and of
$169,350 in value. The transplanting and raising of oysters from
eastern seed is an important industry in this county. In 1915
31,821 bushels were taken up and sold by the owners for $115,109.
Native oysters to the amount of 1,412 bushels, valued at $4,830,
were also sold, showing a great decline in production since 1904,
when the last canvass by the Bureau was made. Among other
items of interest were $34,400 worth of crabs and $18,710 worth of
razor clams. The most valuable fisheries of the county are located
at Chinook, near the mouth of the Columbia River, where pound
nets are used almost exclusively. Bay Center is the center of the
crab, and Nahcotta and vicinity of the razor clam, industry.
Grays Harbor County.—The products of this county, formerly
named Chehalis, in 1915 amounted to 9,793,354 pounds, valued at
$317,158. The most important itemsof this total are whale products,
valued at $134,441. Three steamers are employed in this industry
from Bay City, Wash., where a plant is located, to which the
whales are brought for the manufacture of fertilizer and oil. This
county differs from the four preceding counties in that the salmon
fisheries hold second place instead of first. The most valuable
razor-clam industry in the State is located in thiscounty. Practically
all of these clams are utilized in canneries located within the county.
Aberdeen is the most important fishing and canning center.
Thurston County.—Olympia is the only fishing locality of any
importance in this county. In this town and vicinity is centered the
native oyster industry of the State. Out of a total for the county of
747,521 pounds of products, valued at $244,209, the oyster industry
contributed 294,296 pounds, or 56,328 bushels, of native oysters,
valued at $219,818, and 14,091 pounds, or 2,013 bushels, of eastern
oysters, valued at $9,394. Seed oysters to the amount of 3,794
pounds, or 542 bushels, with an estimated value of $813, are also
shown. Shrimp, smelt, and clams are important items in the total
output.
Kitsap County.—The fisheries of this county in 1915 amounted to
9,905,345 pounds, with a value to the fishermen of $235,980, as com-
pared with 1,052,928 pounds, valued at $38,019, in 1904. One-half
of the value in 1915 is credited to halibut taken by vessels owned at
various localities in the county. The next most important is the
salmon fishery, the output of which amounted to 4,905,529 pa
valued at $97,081. Several vessels were engaged in taking herring,
the total catch amounting to 1,335,049 pounds, valued at $6,035.
These were sold mainly for halibut bait. The smelt fishery is of
some importance, the catch amounting to 94,175 pounds, valued at
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 63
$3,381. Two clam canneries at Bangor utilize most of the clams
taken on the western side of the county bordering on Hood Canal.
Those taken on the eastern side are sold mostly in Seattle. There
are a great many fishing localities in this county, but none of great
importance. There were 65 fishing vessels in the county, which
constituted an important factor in its fisheries.
Wahkiakum County.—The total output of this county amounted to
3,808,288 pounds, valued at $142,308, showing a decline since 1904
of 5,561,387 pounds in quantity and of $234,203 in value. The catch
consisted almost entirely of salmon taken in the Columbia River.
The gill-net fisheries are the most important, but the pound-net
fisheries at Cathlamet and vicinity contribute about one-third of the
total production of the county. That town has very important gill-
net fisheries also and ranks as the most important fishing center on
the Columbia River. Canneries at Altoona, Brookfield, Cathlamet,
and Eaglecliff utilize large quantities of salmon. A considerable
evant: is also smoked at Altoona. A few shad are put up at the
toona and Eaglecliff canneries. A very small number of cases of
shad roe were also canned at Altoona.
Snohomish County.—The fishery production of this county in 1915
amounted to 3,253,395 pounds, valued at $78,860, showing an increase
since 1904 of 1,566,830 pounds in quantity and of $42,554 in value.
The catch consisted almost wholly of salmon. Everett is the import-
ant fishing center of the county, and has a large fleet of salmon purse-
seine vessels. The gill-net fishery of this city is prosecuted in the
Snohomish River as far up as Snohomish, but one man fishes his gill
nets in the Gulf of Georgia. Four canneries at Everett utilized large
quantities of salmon. A considerable number of chinook salmon
were also kippered here. Many herrig are frozen for use later as
halibut bait.
Clallam County.—This county has the Strait of Juan de Fuca as
its northern, and the Pacific Ocean as its western, boundary. Its
fisheries in 1915 amounted to 2,219,016 pounds, valued at $56,011, of
which 2,090,829 pounds, valued at $50,876, were salmon. Besides
the latter, some halibut, rockfishes, clams, and crabs were taken.
Neah Bay and Port Angeles are the leading fishing centers of the
county. ‘Trolling for salmon is extensively followed at both places,
mainly in the Pacific Ocean off Neah Bay. The catch is handled by a
cannery at Neah Bay and buyers representing wholesale firms at
Seattle and Tacoma. A cannery at Mora, on the Pacific coast,
utilized the salmon caught in that neighborhood. This firm went
out of business in 1916. One firm at Port Williams canned both
salmon and clams, most of the latter being taken in Hood Canal.
A few men at Dungeness follow crabbing for several months of the
year. The returns for all of the fisheries in 1915 show an increase of
221,661 pounds im quantity and $6,397 in value since 1904.
San Juan County.—This county is conveniently located near the
salmon-fishing grounds of Puget Sound, but the population seems to
favor farming more than fishing. A fleet of 13 vessels, however, is
an important factor in the fishing mdustry of the county. Friday
Harbor, with a population of 400, is the only important fishing town
in the county and is more important through its salmon canning than
through its fisheries. Besides the two canneries here, there are also
two at Richardson, one at Shaw Island, and one at Deer Harbor. In
64 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
1915 a small plant at Port Stanley was engaged in making potash and
fertilizer from kelp. The total fishery output of this county in 1915
amounted to 3,025,282 pounds, valued at $40,043, as compared with
3,180,326 pounds, valued at $103,899, in 1904. This shows a decrease
of 155,044 pounds, and a proportionately greater decrease of $63,856
in value, which occurred mainly in bluebacks and chinooks.
Mason County.—This county ranks third in the State in the value
of its oyster fisheries, being exceeded only by Pacific and Thurston
Counties. In 1915 the total catch of oysters amounted to 7,512
bushels, valued at $26,815. Of these, 5,522 bushels, valued at
$22,035, were native oysters; 750 bushels, valued at $2,250, were
eastern oysters; and 1,240 bushels, with an estimated value of $2,530,
were seed oysters. It is contrary to law to sell seed oysters, and they
are taken up and used solely by oyster planters on their private beds.
The clam industry is also of considerable importance, 8,000 bushels,
with a value of $4,111, being marketed in 1915. Shelton is the center
of the county’s fishery industries. The total output of Mason County
in 1915 amounted to 293,304 pounds, with a value to the fishermen of
$36,104, showing a decline since 1904 of 1,875,420 pounds and of
$34,017, accounted for mainly through the decline of the native
oyster industry, which was affected by a freeze occurring during the
1915 season. The catch of salmon was also smaller in 1915 than in
1904.
Island County.—The fisheries of this county are not important as
compared with those counties already mentioned, the total production
in 1915 amounting to 1,856,919 pounds, valued at $19,611, as com-
pared with 5,489,089 pounds, valued at $125,486, in 1904. The
decline is mostly in the salmon fisheries. As in San Juan County, the
Pope ae includes more farmers than fishermen. In 1915 there was
a fleet of only three fishing vessels, notwithstanding its proximity to
the prolific salmon-fishing grounds of Puget Sound. Besides salmon,
the important fisheries are the crab, smelt, and grayfish. The catch
of grayfish was more than one-half of the total catch of the county,
but the value was less than one-seventh. During that year they
were used entirely for fertilizer and oil. There are no canneries and
no fishing centers of importance in the county.
Jefferson County.—Out of a total output of 3,919,316 pounds, valued
at $74,197, 2,572,837 pounds, valued at $53,785, are credited to the
pound-net fishery operated from Port Townsend. Two large salmon
canneries are located at Port Townsend, and also a plant utilizing
large quantities of grayfish in the preparation of fertilizer, poultry
food, and oil. Hard clams and eastern oysters from private beds
are among the products of this county. The returns for 1915 show
an increased production over 1904 of 2,148,100 pounds and of
$43,425.
Cowlitz County.—This county depends for its fish supply upon the
Columbia River, which forms part of its western and southern
boundaries; but the Cowlitz River, one of its tributaries, passing
through the county from north to south, also furnishes considerable
quantities. In 1915, 1,609,500 pounds of eulachon, or candlefish
tabulated as smelt, valued at $6,500, were taken from one of the small
tributaries of the Cowlitz River. These fish are taken in the vicinity
of Kelso during January, February, and March. Such large quan-
tities are secured within so short a period of time that it is difficult
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 65
to dispose of them at a profitable price, the latter ranging from $5
at the beginning to as low as 10 cents per box, holding 50 pounds,
at the height of the season. Carrollton and Kalama are the most
important fishing localities in the county, both of them supporting
profitable pound-net fisheries. Gull netting and seining are also
followed to some extent. Aside from 300,000 pounds of salmon
frozen at Kalama, most of the catch was handled fresh by two firms
at Kalama and Kelso. The total output of the county in 1915
was 3,935,756 pounds, valued at $73,643, as compared with 1,514,562
pounds, valued at $35,864, in 1904.
Clarke County.—The total yield of the fisheries of this county in
1915 was 1,016,122 pounds, valued at $44,584. The salmon fisheries
are the most important in the county, though $4,000 worth of carp,
taken from sloughs formed by overflow water from the Columbia
River, forms an important item. These fish are shipped mainly
to Seattle and Portland, and some are sent as far east as Butte,
Mont. Vancouver is the most important fishing locality in the
county.
Lewis County.—The fisheries of this county are unimportant,
amounting in 1915 to 11,571 pounds, valued at $542, consisting of
salmon taken mostly in the Chehalis and Cowlitz Rivers. No fisheries
were shown for this county in 1904.
Skamania and Klickitat Counties:—These counties, situated on
the upper Columbia River, represent the upper limit of fishing on
that river. In fact, no commercial fishing of importance is done on
the Washington side above Grand Dalles, in Klickitat County.
Aside from a few sturgeon taken on set lines, the catch of Skamania
County consisted entirely of salmon. The catch of Klickitat County
consisted also of salmon which were taken both in gill nets and
pound nets, the catch in the latter predominating. The catch of
the two counties in 1915 combined was 325,055 pounds, valued at
$12,249, showing a loss since 1904 of 674,032 pounds and $16,591.
Franklin, Columbia, Garfield, Whitman, and Asotin Counties.—
These counties are all situated on the Snake River, and the catch
credited to them represents the total output of that river. Aside
from the use of a few set lines for sturgeon and gill nets for salmon,
the seine is the only form of apparatus used on the river. A few
bluebacks are taken, but the greater part of the catch consists of
chinook, silver, and steelhead. The uppermost point on the river,
where commercial fishing is followed, is just above Clarkston, Wash.,
or Lewiston, Idaho. The most important catches of the river are
made at this point. The fishing is followed in February and March,
and again in August, September, and October. Except for some
shipped to Spokane and near-by towns, the catch is sold locally.
The total output of the five counties in 1915 amounted to 146,268
pounds, valued at $11,468.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
66
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FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. {is
PRODUCTS BY APPARATUS.
The following are the different forms of apparatus used in the
fisheries of Washington, in the order of their importance, based on
the value of their catch. The kinds of apparatus, such as dredges,
tongs, etc., used in taking oysters, clams, and mussels are so varied
that they are not given any particular ranking on the basis of catch.
Lines.—Lines are used both in the vessel and shore fisheries, but
their importance is due mainly to their use in the halibut vessel
fisheries. The total catch of all species by lines in 1915 amounted
to 58,923,651 pounds, with a value to the fishermen of $2,446,323.
Of this amount, halibut contributed 40,590,705 pounds, valued at
$2,041,279. The total catch by lines in 1904 amounted to only
15,897,155 pounds, valued at $458,375.
Trolling.—Trolling has in recent years become one of the important
fisheries of Washington. It is followed in Neah Bay, Strait of Juan
de Fuca, and in the Pacific Ocean off the village of Neah Bay, and
more recently a very large number of boats have been trolling off
the mouth of the Columbia River. With the exception of fishermen
from a few towns in Pacific County, however, the latter fishery was
of no great importance in 1915. In 1916, while no statistics are avail-
able, it was reliably reported that as many as 1,500 boats from Wash-
ington and Oregon were engaged in trolling off the Columbia River;
some of these were sport fishermen, but the greater proportion were
engaged in commercial fishing. Some of the boats were from as far
up the river as Vancouver. Many of the gill-net fishermen laid aside
their nets to troll.
In 1915 nearly 500 boats were engaged at times in trolling in the
vicinity of Neah Bay. As in halibut fishing, it is followed on banks,
very little being done in deep water. The boats alternate between
fishing in Neah Bay and in the ocean, according to the run of fish.
If the weather is favorable and fishing good, a boat may remain out
in the ocean, but this condition is said to have been reversed in 1916.
The greatest distance resorted to by trollers is off Swiftsure Light-
ship, 15 miles WNW. from Tatoosh Island. More trolling was done
on this than on any other ocean bank in 1915.
The season for trolling is usually from June 15 to September 15,
and often continues until the last of October or later; but the fall
gales usually put an end to the fishing, as the boats are too small
to weather heavy seas.
The catch consists almost entirely of chinook and silver salmon.
The former species usually predominates, but in 1915 silver salmon
were much more plentiful. Im 1915 probably three-fifths of the catch
was sold to a nearby cannery and the remainder to buyers repre-
senting wholesale dealers in Seattle and a few in Tacoma. The fish
are delivered to the canneries by means of “tenders.’’ The tenders
are gasoline boats, each of which tows a large scow. The gasoline
boat loads first and makes the trip to the cannery while the scow
is being loaded. The scow is usually anchored in Neah Bay. The
fish are sold in the round by the fishermen. When sold to a nearby
cannery the fish are not dressed until landed at the cannery; when
sold to distant canneries they are dressed on the cannery scows as
they are brought in. In 1916 a canning firm at Anacortes had a
scow anchored in Neah Bay fitted up with an “‘iron chink,” or dress-
74 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
ing machine, which eviscerates and cuts off the head, fins, and tail
of the fish.
When fishing on the outside in the ocean fishermen leave the village
of Neah Bay or vicinity at about 1 a. m. and reach the fishing grounds
at4o’clock. The best trolling is supposed to be at daylight. Fishing
is usually continued until dark; if intending to remain the boat is
anchored on the bank overnight, and fishing is resumed the next
morning and continued until noon of the following day, when a return
is made to Neah Bay for the night. Another trip is made to the
fishing grounds on the following morning. These return trips to
Neah Bay are often necessitated by the failure of the tender to get
out to the fishing grounds.
The boats used for trolling are of gasoline power, and, with few
exceptions, are less than 5 net tons in size and very seldom have more
than one man aboard. A considerable number of rowboats, however,
are also used in the fishery. It is a common occurrence for a gasoline
boat to have two rowboats in tow while trolling, and occasionally as
many as four may be under tow. When the two rowboats are being
towed each will be off the quarter of the gas boat and about 200 feet
behind it. In the case of four rowboats the second two boats are at
a distance of about 600 feet behind the gasoline boat. The distance
between the boats is so arranged that the lines will not interfere with
each other. The common practice is for the owner of the rowboat to
give one-third of his catch to the owner of the gas boat for being
towed. It is said that rowboat fishing is often as successful as that
from the gas boat.
Gas boats usually have three lines fishing at a time—one from each
quarter of the boat and the other attached to a pole 6 feet long,
placed upright near the center of the boat and running off from the
stern. The side lines are worked from outriggers 10 feet long, pro-
jecting out from the side of the boat. No bait, but a spoon is always
used. Until recent years two and sometimes three hooks were used,
but now the common practice is to use only one hook.
Pound nets.—Based upon the value of the catch, pound nets ranked
second in importance among the forms of fishery apparatus used in
Washingtonin 1915. The catch for that year amounted to 37,560,330
pounds, valued at $991,115, an increase of 10,102,969 pounds and
$130,818 since 1904. There were 444 pound nets, costing $1,100,103,
operated in the State in 1915. Itis customary among the owners of
pound nets in Washington to include in the value of the pound net
the estimated value of the ‘‘stand,”’ or bottom, where the net is set,
but that practice has not been followed in this report. It is no doubt
true that in most cases considerable value does attach to the stand,
which is proved by the fact that even though a pound net is not to
be fished a license is nevertheless secured from the State simply to
hold the stand, for which large sums have often been offered. Pound
nets are quite generally used throughout the Puget Sound region and
also in the Columbia River as far up as commercial fishing is followed.
The nets used in the Puget Sound region are much larger and more
expensive than those used in the Columbia River and are commonly
owned by corporations, while those in the latter stream are owned
mostly by individuals. The name “trap” is always used for pound
nets in this region.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 75
Pound nets used in Washington waters are similar in principle to
those used on the Atlantic coast, consisting of a leader, one and very
often two hearts, a large followed by a small one, and a tunnel lead-
ing into the pot. In addition, however, what is known as a “‘spiller”’
is attached to the side of the pot. A tunnel leads from the pot into
the spiller, the fish being removed from the latter, the same as from
the pot, where there is no spiller. As a rule in Puget Sound wire is
commonly used for the leaders and hearts and cotton twine for the
pot and spiller. Occasionally wire is also used for the pot, but never
in the spiller, as it could not then be fished. Wire has come into use
within recent years. It is fastened to the top of the stakes by the
use of boards. In addition to the two hearts some pound nets have
what are termed “‘jiggers’’ attached to the inside of the first or large
heart. These are in reality equivalent to another and larger heart.
The netting of the pot very seldom extends to the bottom, as this
would mean an unnecessary expenditure, but instead an ‘‘apron”’ of
netting leading up from the heart to the bottom of the pot is used to
lead the fish into the pot. Some pound nets are set to fish only one
side, the location rendering the other side useless for fishing.
The pound nets in Willapa Harbor are quite small as compared
with those in Puget Sound. The leaders are usually 100 feet or less
in length, and only one heart is used. A wing is used from one side
of the heart to draw the fish into it. In order to use all available
space, the tunnel from the heart to the pot opens out from the side
instead of the end of the heart. The tunnel is about 3 feet wide at
the large end and narrows down to 18 inchesat the small end. The
tunnel from the pot to the spiller is still smaller; but even as small
as these entrances are, it is said that seals sometimes succeed in getting
into the pot and sometimes even into the spiller. All parts of these
nets are made of twine.
Pound nets, as previously stated, are fished in the Columbia River
on the Washington side as far up as commercial fishing is followed;
but more are set off Chmook than from all other points on the river
combined. The total number operated in 1915 in the vicinity of that
town was 118, having a value of $97,700. These nets, as the value
indicates, are much smaller than those used in Puget Sound and are
set in water from 15 to 25 feet deep. The leaders range in length
from 100 to 900 feet. One heart only is used; this has an average
length of from 30 to 35 feet and a width of 40 feet. The pots range
in size from 32 to 36 feet square and the spiller from 16 to 24
feet square. The entire net is made of twine, no wire, as in Puget
Sound, being used. In places where the current is very strong,
the entrance from the heart to the pot is similar to those of nets
in Willapa Harbor; that is, from the side of the heart. In this
case the pot and spiller are upstream from the heart.
The pound nets used farther up the Columbia River at Kalama
are like those below, except that they have no spiller, the catch
being taken direct from the pot. The leaders vary in length from
150 to 600 feet, and the pots are usually about 24 feet square.
The pound-net season on the Columbia River is from May 1 to
August 25, and from September 10 to March 1, but only a few con-
tinue fishing after the first of December. During the spring and sum-
mer season, fishing is prohibited from 6 p. m. on Saturdays to 6 p. m.
on Sundays. The pound-net stakes are allowed to remain down
76 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
during the entire year below Altoona, while above that town the
Government requires that the stakes be removed after fishing ceases,
except during the interval between the summer and fall fishing.
The nets are often set on sand bars, and the pots, in many cases,
are out of water at extreme low tide. _
Seines.—The total catch with semes in Washington in 1915
amounted to 39,332,569 pounds, having a value to the fishermen
of $734,154, as compared with 19,814,215 pounds, valued at $427,-
896, taken in 1904. The seine catch now ranks third in value among
the different forms of apparatus. In 1904 the entire catch was
made in the shore fisheries, while in 1915 nearly 90 per cent of the
catch was made by vessels of 5 tons and over. Haul seines are used
mostly in the shore fisheries, while with few exceptions purse seies
are used on vessels; this illustrates the advance made in this fishery.
Purse seines are used chiefly in the Puget Sound region, less than
a half dozen being operated in the Columbia River. Occasionally
purse-seine vessels work outside of the 3-mile limit, and even as
far as 15 miles off Cape Flattery; but one objection to this offshore
fishing is that the salmon taken there on their way to their
spawning ground are quite fat. Unless they are cleaned and pre-
pared for canning at once they are unfit for use when taken ashore.
This drawback has in a measure been overcome, as in trolling,
by one cannery anchoring a scow provided with an “iron chink”
on the fishing grounds near Cape Flattery for cleanmg the salmon
as soon as delivered. In most cases the catch of purse-seine vessels
is delivered to buy boats owned by the several salmon canneries,
which come direct to the fishing grounds for the fish.
The purse-seine season has until recently always begun about
July 1 with fishing for bluebacks or sockeyes. Within the past
few years, however, a few of the larger vessels have been fishing
for silver salmon some distance off Cape Flattery from about June 10
to the middle of July. In 1916 this work was prosecuted until
the latter part of August. Very little purse seinmg is done during
January, February, and March, or in fact, until June or July, when
the new season begins. Various sections of Puget Sound are closed
to purse seines during certain periods of the year, and the entire
sound and its tributaries are closed to all fishing, except with hook
and line, from March 1 to April 15, both dates inclusive.
Purse seines in Washington are restricted in length by law to
1,800 lineal feet, measured on cork lme when wet. Most of the
fishermen aim to have their seines up to the legal limit. The depth
averages about 400 meshes of 3} inches, 9 or 12 thread cotton
twine, with 50 meshes of 5 inch, 15 or 18 thread cotton twine on the
bottom. The bunt is from 60 to 75 feet long, and 200 meshes of
3-inch 18-thread cotton twine deep. The crew on a purse-seine vessel
ranges from five to eight men, a majority of the vessels having seven
men. The custom is for the owner of the vessel to furnish the boat,
seine, dishes, and everything except the food. The vessel is allotted
four shares, and the members of the crew one share each. In acrew
of seven men, including the owner, there would be 11 shares; that
is, the boat would draw four shares, and the remaining seven shares
would be divided among the owner and six men. Of course, when
the owner does not work he gets no share except the vessel’s four
shares. The cook does only light work, but helps m fishing and draws
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. ne
one share. Where the food is bought at the beginning of the season
each man pays his share, or is charged with it. ‘With a crew of seven
men, each member of the crew would pay one-eleventh of the cost of
food. The first purse seining in Washington is said to have been in
1894 or 1895.
Gill nets.—Gill nets are of two kinds, drift and set, and are more
generally used in the fisheries of Washington than any other form
of fishing apparatus. The total catch with gill nets in 1915 amounted
to 13,599,830 pounds, valued at $453,864, as compared with 21,-
013,582 pounds, valued at $632,810, m 1904, showing a decided
decline with this apparatus. In 1915, 19,760 pounds, valued at
$446, were taken in the vessel fisheries, and about the same quantity
in 1904. The products consisted mainly of the different species
of salmon. Gill nets are fished in most of the tide-water streams of
the State. The most prolific of these is, of course, the Columbia
River. Another very important stream is the Quinault River,
running through the Indian reservation of the same name.
In 1915 a catch of more than one and a quarter million pounds
of salmon was made in this stream by the Indians living on the
reservation. These Indians are very industrious and took advan-
tage of one of the best salmon runs recorded on the river. More
than 90 per cent of the catch consisted of bluebacks, or sockeyes, which
were used by the canneries at Aberdeen and Hoquiam. Drift gill
nets are used much more extensively than set gill nets.
A description of drift gill nets used in the vicinity of Seattle will
answer in most particulars for those used-at other localities in the
State.
These nets are almost invariably of No. 40 linen twine, which for
chinook salmon is 9-ply, for bluebacks 6-ply, and for silver and chum
salmon 7-ply. No special nets are used for humpbacks and steel-
heads. The following sizes of mesh are used: For chinook, 64 to
8-inch; for sockeye, 53-inch; for silver, 6 to 62-inch; for chum,
6 to 63-inch. Steelhead are usually caught in a 6? to 7-inch mesh.
About the only nets of cotton twine used are those fished for salmon
trout, another name for small salmon up to 2 pounds in weight; but
even for this purpose the linen twine is preferable. It is customary
for a fisherman to have a different gill net for each species of salmon
except steelhead and humpback. The length of the nets varies from
40 to 450 fathoms; the majority of the nets being from 150 to 200
fathoms long. The shorter nets are used from rowboats and are set
mostly in the Duwamish River. The longer nets are used from the
gasoline boats and are fished in Puget Sound and other waters as far
north as the Gulf of Georgia near Blaine and Point Roberts. The
fishermen usually go to the more distant waters for bluebacks; for
silver salmon they fish near Everett and San Juan Islands. The
chum salmon are taken near Seattle and Rollingbay, as are also the
chinooks. The depth of the nets ranges from 30 to50meshes. About
one-half of the boats used for drift gill netting at Seattle are gasoline
with an average value of $600. The other half are row skiffs worth
$25 each. From one to two men go in a gasoline boat, but.only one
man goes in a skiff. The nets were formerly set at an angle, but the
practice now is to set them in a straight line.
The fishermen at Everett use these drift gill nets in the Snohomish
River. Only rowboats are used on the stream. The nets average
78 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
about 90 yards in length and 25 meshes (64 inches) in depth. Silver
salmon predominate in the catch.
Drift gill netting is usually followed at night, as the water is too
clear, except after a freshet, to fish during the day.
An extensive drift gill-net fishery is prosecuted from La Conner,
Skagit County, in the north fork of the Skagit River. A few boats
from this vicinity also go as far north as the Gulf of Georgia. Most
of the fishing in these waters, as well as in the Strait of Juan de Fuca,
is done during the summer, and mostly for bluebacks, though hump-
backs are also taken at the same time. Silver salmon are taken more
in the tributary streams. In 1915 the spring and summer catch
from the Skagit River was utilized by the fresh-fish markets, but the
fall catch was delivered to the canneries. In 1916 practically the
entire catch, with the exception of steelhead, was utilized by the
canneries.
The drift gill-net fishermen at towns on Grays Harbor are divided
between those fishing on the Chehalis and those fishing on the Colum-
bia Rivers; the former using row, and the latter gasoline, boats. The
nets used on the Chehalis River average 100 yards in length and 35
meshes of 6? inches in depth. Chinook, silver, and chum salmon in
the order of their importance were taken. A few men use nets with
14-inch mesh for the larger chinook salmon.
The distance a net is allowed to drift before being lifted is termed
a “drift” or “reach.” On this river it is from 500 to 1,000 feet,
depending upon the condition of the bottom as to snags or other
obstructions. In 1915, the catch was sold mostly to near-by canneries,
but conditions were somewhat changed in 1916.
Drift gill nets used on the Columbia River in Washington vary in
length from 450 to 500 yards, used at Ilwaco at the mouth of the
river, to 250 yards at Stevenson, the most distant point up the river
at which they are used. At Vancouver and vicinity, however, the
nets average about 600 yards in length. The depth of the net varies
from 25 to 30 feet. This applies only to surface drift nets; diver or
bottom nets will be described later. No. 40 linen twine running
from 7 to 14 ply is almost invariably used. With few exceptions, two
men are required to fish a net. ee but gasoline boats are used.
The fishing is ordinarily followed at night, but when the water becomes
roily it can be done during the day. A “drift” or ‘‘reach” varies
according to the locality and conditions. A net is sometimes allowed
to drift a mile before lifting. During the spring the State law pro-
hibits fishing from 6 p. m. Saturday until 6 p.m. Sunday. Gill nets
are washed about every week in a solution of bluestone and water
to remove the slime. It is a common practice to tan the nets at
intervals to render them less discernible in the water. The drift
gill nets just described are all surface nets. Above Altoona a net
known as a “diver,” or submersible drift gill net, is used. The
diver is similar to the surface net except that the corks are smaller
and the cork and lead lines lighter, so that it will just touch the
bottom. The nets are also shorter and much more shallow than the
surface nets. The number in use increases going up the river from
Altoona, and above Kalama it is the only kind used. Those used at
Kalama and above are, however, different from those below. Instead
of one they have three webs, similar to a trammel net, except that the
salmon are gilled and not pocketed. The three webs are suspended
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 79
from a common cork line, but there are two lead lines. The back
webbing is usually from 3 to 5 feet deeper than the other two. The
two front nets hang together from the cork line to the front lead line.
The back, or main, net hangs from the cork line to the other lead
line. The first and third nets commonly have a mesh of 8 inches
and 7 inches, respectively, while the middle net has a mesh of 10 or
11 inches. The front net is called the ‘apron.’ Several reasons are
assigned for using diver gill nets. One is that they are sunk to avoid
driftwood or other refuse on the surface, especially during the spring
freshets. Another reason is that the fish, having encountered so
many surface gill nets and pound nets in the river below, become more
timid and swim lower. Diver nets float much more slowly than sur-
face nets. It is always necessary to clean the bottom of the river
before setting diver nets.
The most profitable drift netting is followed from the first of May
until the latter part of August. Some fishing is also followed in the
fall, but it is not so profitable then, as the run consists mainly of
“tuties’”’ or fall chinooks, which sell for a very low price and are
scarcely worth handling.
Set gill nets—Set gill nets are much shorter than drift gill nets and
are fished in small streams or inlets. The two extremes of length
would probably be 6 and 100 yards, but a fair average might be about
15 yards. Their depth ranges from 30 to 50 meshes, the number
varying the same as in the drift net. Linen twine of the same kind
wade size, as for drift nets is used. It is almost a universal custom
to set them in eddies, one end being tied to a stake, or some stationary
object, and the other anchored. Sometimes they are buoyed or
anchored at each end. They can not be set across a navigable stream,
as they would interfere with navigation. One man is sufficient to
handle one or more set nets, a rowboat being commonly used. The
extent of the set gill-net fishery is small as compared with drift gill
netting. Silver, chinook, steelhead, and chum salmon, in the order
of their importance, are the principal species taken.
Harpoons.—Harpoons are used only in the whale fishery, which is
centered mainly in Pacific County. One coast-trading steamer
owned in Seattle also followed whaling incidentally for a short time.
The harpoon-gun used in the whale fishery is, in reality, a small
cannon placed on a raised platform on the forward part of the boat.
The bomb, a sharp-pointed projectile about a foot long, is screwed
onto the tip of the harpoon. The stem or handle of the harpoon is
sometimes one solid piece, but more often two pieces united at the
end. Theadvantage of the latter kind is that it is hght and can be
sent a greater distance. The head of the harpoon consists of four
flukes or barbs which are lashed together by spun yarn. The har-
poon, with bomb attached, is about 5 feet long. When the harpoon
enters the whale, the spun yarn is shoved off the flukes, allowing the
latter to open in the body of the whale. At the same time, as soon
as the bomb enters the whale, it is exploded into many pieces. There
is usually an interval of two seconds after firing before the bomb
explodes, this interval depending upon how hard the powder is
acked in the bomb. The ignition of the powder in the bomb
ollows the shoving off of the spun yarn from the flukes of the har-
oon, the latter operation pulling a wire connecting with a fuse cap
in the bomb. In some instances, but not in this case, an igniter
80 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
fastened to the sight of the gun connects with the powder in the
bomb, the act of firmg exploding the bomb. One pound of ordinary
gunpowder is required for the gun and the same amount for loading
the bomb. The harpoon is loaded into the gun to the lower or
unattached ends of the flukes. The gun, of course, loads from the
muzzle. Each steamer carries one gun.
A harpoon can be fired with accuracy a distance of 50 yards. One
shot is sometimes sufficient; if a vital spot is reached, the whale is
killed instantly. Sometimes it is necessary to shoot twice with a
harpoon similar to the one above, and occasionally for the second or
third shot a harpoon without flukes, or a ‘‘shooting lance,” as it is
called, is used. <A line 4 inches in circumference and from 25 to 40
fathoms long, called the ‘‘foregoer,”’ is attached to the end of the
harpoon. and in turn is spliced to the main line, 6 inches in circumfer-
ence and 360 fathomslong. The latter line reels out over a winch on
the forward part of the boat as the whale tries to escape. It is some-
times necessary to play the whale five or six hours, and occasionally
it is necessary to fire three harpoons into it before it is captured.
The harpoons are usually extracted from the whale, straightened,
and used again. The whale is towed to land as soon as killed, but
should there be several in sight an effort is made to get the others
before taking any ashore. A proficient gunner on a whale steamer
commands good wages.
Hoop nets and pots—Hoop nets, or “‘ring nets,’”’ as they are com-
monly called, and pots are used exclusively in catching crabs. The
output with hoop nets far exceeds that with pots. A hoop net con-
sists of two hoops, one 3 feet and the other or lower one 24 feet in
diameter, placed 14 inches apart and connected with netting, netting
also being around the bottom of the lower hoop to hold the crabs.
The net, of course, collapses when set on the bottom. Bait consisting
of clams is placed in a small knit bag tied to one of the hoops. The
most important points in the State where hoop nets are used are
Bay Center, Tokeland, and South Bend, in Pacific County, and
Westport, in Grays Harbor County.
Pots are more generally used at Utsaladdy and Dungeness, in
Island and Clallam Counties, respectively. While hoop nets are
sometimes set on the inside of Grays Harbor and Willapa Harbor,
it is the general practice to set them in the Pacific Ocean a few hun-
dred yards from shore. Occasionally a fisherman will set his nets
2 or 3 miles from shore, but the best catches are made just outside
the breakers.
It is usually necessary to cross a bar in going to and from the fishing
grounds in the ocean, and this fact makes it one of the most hazardous
of the State’s fisheries. This, together with unfavorable weather
conditions, reduces the number of trips possible for a boat. The
nets are generally set in strings of 20 to 30, placed 200 to 300 feet
apart and in from 5 to 8 fathoms of water. If the crabs are plentiful,
the nets are fished continuously; this would mean an interval of
about an hour in fishing the same net. Each net is located by means
of a buoy; sometimes two, but more often one man goes to a boat,
The pots used in catching crabs vary in style, but their general
appearance is somewhat similar to the eastern lobster pot, except
for having a flat top. They vary from 3 to 4 feet in length, 15 to
30 inches in width, and 14 to 20 inches in height, and have a funnel
9
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 81
at each end. Some have wooden and others an iron frame. Some
are inclosed with wire netting and others with slats made of laths.
Those with wooden frames are anchored with bricks, while those with
iron frames need nothing to sink them. The pots are baited with
ayfish, sharks, or other cheap fish and clams. The crab fishery is
ollowed in the fall, winter, and spring.
Beam trawls.—The total catch with beam trawls in 1915 amounted
to 434,313 pounds, valued at $20,191, of which 290,935 pounds,
valued at $14,154, were taken in the vessel and the remainder in the
shore fisheries. With the exception of 47,893 pounds of mixed fish,
mainly sole, valued at $1,472, the catch consisted entirely of shrimp.
The beam trawls used for fish are similar to those used in taking
shrimp, except that they are much smaller. The present style of
beam trawl for shrimp came into use in 1913. It consists of a wooden
beam of 6-inch scantling, 20 to 25 feet long, to each end of which is
fastened an iron runner. The beam sets about 3 feet, or the height
of the runners, above the ground. A bag 20 to 30 feet long, of 1-inch
mesh for shrimp, and 4-mch mesh for groundfish, is fastened to the
beam and sides of the runners. There is a slack in the lower part of
the mouth of the bag. <A bridle extends a few feet in front of the
runners, and to this bridle is attached a cable fastened at the other
end to the boat.
The shrimp trawl in use for many years before the introduction of
the present style consisted of a frame of 14-inch iron working over the
bottom on two shoes, one on each side. The mouth of the bag was
fastened to the upper and lower parts of the frame.
The vessels engaged in beam trawling ranged in size from 5 to 27
~ net tons; nearly one-half of them were steamers, and the remainder
were operated by gasoline. The crew usually consisted of two men.
The fishing is followed in from 18 to 35 fathoms of water. Shrimp
can be taken from April 1 to December 31, but the best catches are
made in November and December.
Dip nets —The use of dip nets is restricted exclusively to taking
eulachon or candlefish, which are tabulated as smelts. This fishery
is confined mostly to Kelso and vicinity, m Cowlitz County. The
total catch with dip nets in 1915 amounted to 1,619,500 pounds,
valued at $6,695, all taken in the shore fisheries.
Reef nets.—Reef nets were used only in the shore fisheries, the total
catch in 1915 amounting to 170,207 pounds, valued at $4,199. The
catch consisted of several species ofsalmon. Reef nets are fished only
in San Juan and Whatcom Counties, and mostly by Indians. As the
name indicates, they are always set on reefs. They are made entirely
of netting, have a leader, and are similar in appearance to a small
»ound net without a heart, but are less substantially constructed.
he reef acts as a leader in addition to the one of netting. At the
outer end of the latter is a pound or pot having four sides to which
the fish lead. The front or inshore side of this pot is dropped down
when the net is fishing to allow the fish to enter. When the Indians
see the fish moving in considerable quantities toward the pot, they
yell and make as much noise as possible to frighten them into entering
it, after which they pull up the front part to prevent their escape.
It usually requires six men in two canoes to fish a net. A canoe is
stationed on each side of the pot, the men in each holding a line con-
82 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
nected with the front of the pot. As soon as the fish have entered,
the men pull the front up with these lines. The bottom of the pound
is then lifted so that the fish can be removed with dip nets.
Wheels.—Wheels are of two kinds, movable and stationary. Two
of the latter kind were fished in the Columbia River off Pacific County.
The catch was unimportant, amounting in 1915 to only 5,234 pounds,
with a value of $211.
Dredges, tongs, rakes, hoes, etc.—The dredge is the only one of these
apparatus used both in the vessel and shore fisheries. Out of a
total catch of 1,740,609 pounds, valued at $468,006, 1,227,315 pounds,
valued at $433,985, were taken inshore, and the remainder in the ves-
sel fisheries. Compared with the catch by the same apparatus in
1904, there was a decrease of 525,920 pounds and an increase of
$2,132. The loss of weight was mainly in native oysters.
Dredges are used exclusively in taking oysters and are similar to
those used in the east for this purpose. ‘Tongs, rakes, and hoes are
also used for taking oysters. Both hoes and forks are used in catching
hard clams, but shovels only are used for razor clams. The few
mussels shown were taken with the oysters.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
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86 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
SraTISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON IN 1915, BY
CountTIEs, SPECIES, AND APPARATUS.
BY SEINES.
Asotin. Clallam. Clarke. Columbia. Cowlitz. Franklin.
Species. a5) aos | | ne
Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.) Lbs. | Value.
Carp os sceactacte ee aes: See tab eee cee PRS eS 200;\000) $4; 000) 2-5 -= 52 Sa (. 22 2.|e ce. lee
Salmon: *
Blueback or
sockeye..-} 1,100 BAe Se oclenscodd sececes| saenece| <5 dried |sasccn2 100 $5) - 2 5-[eaeseee
Chinook.....} 17,130} 1,370] 29,590] $740).......|....... 10,125} $759]172, 500} 4,140] 2,490] $199
Chum Bee ee eeeeclece cae 21, 386 OTL ose eoce |lowaecata| Seis |Seeeee 5, 400 27) =984 79
Silver......- 1, 080 86) 161,580), L368) las5 2.) oes ose) Scoeeee| eseeece eeeen ee leeeeeee 680 54
SR ade oe a ee sie lee macec|lcctce oliores tras 4] Crteilo xe] cro onic alleeeimetel nee eres 10, 600 208i; 25o-\aoeseee
“Steelhead itrow- | GL O88)" 4, 884) 5 2 2s5]=2- co -|eceecee|- 2 cece 9, 600 720 5, 817 174|: 32 Slee
Total.....-.| 80,398} 6,431/112, 506} 2, 279/200, 000 4,000] 19,725) 1,479)194,417| 4,554) 4,154 332
Garfield. Island. Jefferson. King. Kitsap. Mason.
Species. = Se eee eee
Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.
(O05 Re SE ad oa Rea | Pe ol ie ee hel eee Se ek Aryeoel (raaeeed |S = ace Loa] Fy 1, 800 S353. ose eee
Wlounders tao: see] Socose se aeats lesa ee | See 6,000} $120) 500 $12} 13, 000 375]. cee eee
Grafs. css po.l i238). teaele 280,000] -$629/220,000] 494).......]....... 450000) 11; 0177] 2. pss | eae
erring. sce se ao Sai doeteeate ee eae] eae 10, 700 80) 103, 750) 497) 32,098 499) =.--23. 5: || eeeeees
Cibrinerea ie Nese Sse oat. area sel Boost 5 Eotce sé lesodsral=sboede|iScoche | 1,000 PAN Bape eS one
Perch) 22 6a2sece eee neces ce 500 15 500 15} 2,100 OO eek |eecoone 1, 000) $40
IRiockfishes|o22 228 |scaaes|lascocchlesseeealeeeesee 4,000 240 ON 300 135) 2,800 160). .cn0e)oeeeeee
Salmon:
Blueback or
sockeye. cl 2,250) » SISOS oe.) Sala ele ese 152505) < 15345| 5-822 4| So cbeee eee eee eee
Chinook...
Chum senses
Humpback
Silvers. 22.4:
Sharks 2 2:52.55225
Skates=- 2s-25-22
Smelt: s6s-k-
Bole: . = 3<24-2=22-2
Steelhead trout -
Total... ..|27,026| 2,161/405,358] 3, 851/281,000} 1, 617/566, 451) 10, 3591639, 406} 6, 214/104, 402] 3, 155
Pacific. Pierce. San Juan. Skagit. Snohomish.
Species
Lbs. Value.| Lbs. Value.| Lbs. Value.| Lbs. Value.| Lbs. | Value.
Miounderss2- 5 alsa iseeer |oast oes 2,000 $20) cicisd owe Un sdoceonlesee adc dias becesd eee clear eeeeeees
Grayfish> 2 53-2|-:- Ssenesc|seer eee 250, 000 562} 60,000 "$135 Sacminicine'e(t eos sec aaa ee ee
Parchn. 2c seeech |e Pe eee 1, 200 36) neste tl Ses escee Peck oes] eee |e oe
Salmon:
Blueback or
sockeye.--| 29,850 S597) Fomioe see 8) ease Seal eiatereisciects asia se 9, 500 $850). <5 <<5| oem
ee a --| 153,675} 9, 220) 3,075 122 cece | Seeeteks 1, 870 70 225) $8
49,225) 1,723
Sturgeon........ 2; 600 156) Soe ose Sicha owe = nwte a | aie cya arctan eee Stee eee eee eee
Aviar. ..... 150 SB) ie ks Sol So Ss -crerall etemeeteere [las os x a.cie] ite mayors | crete eters al eee
Total......| 248,459] 11,864| 331,211 | 2,139] 93,076 603/ 295,011] 6,103] 6, 750 109
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 87
SravIstIcSs OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON IN 1915, BY
COUNTIES GPECIES, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY SEINES—Continued.
Thurston. Wahkiakum. Whatcom. Whitman. Total.
Species.
Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. Value.| Lbs. Value.| Lbs. | Value. Lbs. Value.
Garp ieeeesccccsc|ecosaee-
Codie ste ete se ses | Seek i.
Grayfsh Be Sees a] cress
PA VAS ise ays ain tsre| craters cs<i ==
Herrin
ieee". 20S
Perches see cee saea| eee
Rockfishes
Salmon:
Blueback or
sockeye...| 4,980] $440] 15,530] $776] 5,500] $495] «1, 250 $87| 85,565) 4,863
Chinook.....|---- Son eee 94,250| 5,655 960 30} 2,848 199] 522,913] 24) 419
(Chamneecscesince-ee [ens Wis: |Pesee tee casas 32, 000 520 | mete emelte ene 363,302] 6, 519
Humpback .| 26, 304 BOS [Peete | teres 68, 000 650 | Sereeete es | ae 489,176] 5,687
Silver......- 5 770 | arene SEE Se 10, 800 375] 3, 688 258] 168,130] 5,350
Sh aS eo Sed leccoeced Speccsae 26, 828 Pits Rect ono astaiaed core oed |boBeHore 50, 387 606
SIULSN de ceciiscc|soeess 4 Ses oosadioscecndedesooor Gd sada ccesl leesceosdlbseredae|loaesrene 000 122
Setup are ee ere lata creeks | Saeiecie re’ (bee meee cin | fale crore allele mn oo create Serene [tie oc moa lem cis bore 38, 000
‘Smicitg.©. eee CAR5OD) MOZGLONSE SORES IL Vee BS 7430) me SBT teens |e Loeeaee 435,101] 15,212
Sip) NE oe eee | ede eos OB o (kd cue k a [eaceicmahatcecehe 24, 900 719
Steelhead trout .|........|-.------ 8, 037 BiG Rei IES ee 3, 984 279 149,645] 8, 957
MiTLOCOMMee ee eles ee senna sre once boeecedelh. oseeecolsscme eens 100 8 2, 700 164
EVIL ahs ores ee lace ee ORES eR [PUmmccEe etic cheek [ER ceeee ec paceceeee pe ssecte. 150) 38
Total......| 107,662) 3,515] 144,645] 6,939) 155,690] 3,437] 11,870 831| 4,029,217] 81,972
BY GILL NETS.
Species. Asotin. Clallam. Clarke. Cowlitz. Grays Harbor.| Jefferson.
Lbs.| Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.) Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.
“Lingeod”’ Socks $7
Herchiesso. a Je se 125
Rockfishes 60
Salmon:
Blueback or
SOCK VO me eee ra ee een | eee en ee mener: 7,710| $384) 9,780) $452)1,242,530)$57, 353]......|.......
Chinook..... 30 $2) 78, 960} $1, 976|510, 200) 30,611} 852, 125) 19, 346) 498,170) 9, 938 20 1
(Olea) ae oe eee 13, 490 165) 7,900 39] 51, 200 256) 973,962} 4,480] 4,600 57
gmp packs |S2ce-| see a 38; 400): 25200). octet Sie. 240 3 18, 420 4 | (eee a Brera
MilVvabre ese oo selec sence 80, 148} 1,687] 6,100 142} 21,520 He 727, 430) 13,957) 6,720 193
Shade saa Sater (eo aoe ay seis oe oo 19, 550 TOT 2S GOO gO ns cy calls eo ac, 5 | Le Se
Bnei oer eee eee een tose alee «eae lh owen 50 6, 000: 30 See a = acted eee se eee
Steelhead trout. ./1, 040 od Reece Preaee sees 42,412) 1,277 119 712) 4,117] 82,850) 4,364) 3, 560 20
STEREO OLE Sos] Be gael BeeGns 4 beac mal Re nena 2, 500 130 6, 400) 320 240 fd ees arises
Total..... 1,070 86/210, 998| 5, 028/596, 422) 32, 781|1,075,577| 25, 128|3,543,602 90, 330)21, 200] 463
Species. King. Kitsap. Klickitat. Lewis. Mason. Pacific.
Lbs. |Value.| Lbs. | Value.| Lbs.| Value.| Lbs. | Value.) Lbs. | Value.| Lbs. | Value.
Cadena steer e PR els AG OO aS TOS Rete) |e cewec ne aac e eee eS Oo een ops ore
INGUIN OIS3s2o24[eca5- (Soe = 600 TSE Ae males co lk eevee racic at ecer| ae ho. oc[RE ee te
Gig Se Secneedc| Boesoce| boooeas 1, 900 Gaboesed|Peccodolie s8Sdlocotone| Spaced bease ddl |eabricacs)| Beoceice
Salmon:
Blueback or
sockeye. ..| 88,550) $7,080) 9,385 734 90 $5 75 Sel Ree ae 4,240) $332
Chinook..... 138) 420 5, 553 Ey 518 132] 2,375 163] 7,930 418) 3,648} $220/1, 231) 220} 57, 806
Chum... == 3. 252, 080 ss 780 10; 178 717) ee a Breese 385 5} 3, 120 28 226, 889} 1,110
Humpback .| 62, 480 "469 ca 376 GS] Beh ood Pocpees pce bocce Laas ela 5258 ” 400 5
~ ee Saeraioes 258, 424| 9,927 20° 073 SL7 |e sese] Shas 2, 710) 77| 4, 800 175) 149, ts 2,997
OO ecocecescer| Pearce Pass 74] Bat iss See SS eee Pee eieae een sistant |-imet—e nol [inna Setar 1
PIMGRG See see soon we occene 686 Toe cle dooce | uek ce | eerie eal eae ee cee aeaiek.c ce sl siacaces
SOIbS eee Ro Ee 200 (Ped Peel Pee al pene ee ce Gee ee) Been ese eee mee See
Steelhead trout..| 70,325) 5,605) 1,545 117| 2,337 165} 471 35| 1, 875 125) 33,642) 1,288
SE AoC Sc beret ene bso oo eoouSs HESEOS Raeeen HEEBrae Maree] Dcoccee sciseeia peannien 11, 800 518
COO GE Pee oe | pee 2 ae es ee Sal es Pes eg, See 2) a ee S| ee eee 150 37
Motaleoces 870, 279) 32,414/ 56,161) 2,314) 4 300 333) 11, 571 Calorie a ot 167| 64, 094
160695°—20——34
88
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
SraTISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON IN 1915, BY
CountTIEs, SPEcIES, AND ApPpARATUS—Continued.
BY GILL NETS—Continued.
.
Species Pierce San Juan. Skagit Skamania. Snohomish.
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pownds.| Value. |Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.
Perches p= Janion 2, 500 CYA) Bsr so eos enee| Seem ae| Poe b ese Pome emon yeas mo lo
Salmon:
Blueback or
sockeye 7, 750 622} 10,565) $950] 12,435] $560| 7,755] $386] 9,250] $740
Chinook..... 14, 640 923 549 14) 444,398) 20,398) 95,375 4, 384 75,790) 2,654
Cham S222. 48,170 301 7, 840 127| 824,800) 15,044) 8,750 43) 101,414) 1,912
Humpback 38, 488 962| 120,288} 1,503) 82, 820 C71] PS aaa Ppp «| 27,810 416
Silver....... 50, 148 1, 505 17, 388 724) 444,578) 17,597} 5,000 112) 477,989) 18,602
Shad eee sen cee cal ie ceeds Hest se caleceeccceleesmesete| seoeaees 100 Ao u5231 oa
Smiclés2 Fs sees ex) 5, 100: 195) cutcecmsls sosstsc)ac sensed Sec eeeee | Se eesee eee cee a1 soe
Steelhead trout..}| 5, 812 AGO ieee a oes 30,302] 2,195] 10, 662 319} 31,790] 1, 906
BOUIPCOR= se coe s|E hoe a Soe een | tem Sea eee eras mei kes cna on eee 2, 000 100)... 2S eee
Tobaloee 172,608] 5,043} 156,630] 3, 318/1, 839,333] 56, 744| 129,642) 5,345| 724,043| 26, 230
Species. Thurston. Wahkiakum. Whatcom. Whitman. Total.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. |Pounds.| Value. |Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value.
COG > RVI SEE lho osc Be selena ee eek coe ao lasmeeraealasencees 4,700 $105
Flounders.,.....|- I ee Sea Ue ee eee Pa pe 600 18
HO) Ciro oVegevorc bey aes aie! Us Cio [Ae = 2 peer (ee eee Cree es eT Iles 300 7
IES Onin ees Be BOseE ae Pe unicos Mec pseeres| Hesag Se <\aeceee 9, 400 294
Hockfishes ~2- p cle) 2 sects a] rocco stot eae eens | setemeeee eeaee elle 1,000 60
Salmon:
Blueback or
sockeye...| 2,800) $250). 3,500] $175] 44,740] $3,361|........|........ 1,461,155) 73,391
Chinook..... 330 20) 1,346,900) 67,331} 29,520) 1,541 825 $58| 5,334, 943] 223, 489.
Chum: 840 5| 164, 675 849) 114-500) 7, 4162 se pecneeee 2,814, 793} 29, 832
Humpback .| 3,340 85 7 9| 23,372 206 |Pscacee: | aaa 420,134) 6, 182
Silver... -2.. 2, 190 65 68,140) 1,376) 417,617} 16, 843)........]......-. 2,760,754) 87, 295
Shine ese ses sbek |x cece ey enee hae 3, 912 Bolen ea wee tees ee aol Ne aree 32, 20 320
Smelt seseer se aoe as Saale cues Wseeetosicon | Mesos 5, 500 5 kt) ee eee Pecos 17, 336 464
S(O) Feige a pen (Ree OS] Pee een HS So eee (ot Per tl etalon = cee a Sa Sa eon eae See 6
Steelhead trout..|........|.....--- 243,711| 7,547] 12,150 931 | Set SAEOS oe 694,196] 30,555
Sturpeonts.2- pse|sssscoeeisanace=n GPA) s Cay Pie) ARR SS \Poe as sas! eeocoes| pas so te 28,200} 1,363
Caviar e...cewcSocdol ad eee ous oe Ck Pek EO ee eee eee Cee seeks 150 37
Totaleee es 9, 500 425) 1, 836,798| 77,611] 647,399] 24,583 825 58)13, 580,070) 453, 418
BY BEAM TRAWLS.
Species. Kitsap. | Pierce. Thurston. Total.
Pounds. | Value. | Pownds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pownds.| Value.
Ploutiders...--.-.--=- 2,600 CSL 1) esi see as RS | eee eS a ees ooo. 2,600 $150
Rockfishes.......-.-- 1,700 804 So. Se eee erence see seeac | secceeesce 1,700 80
Solent S = eas ee 36, 000 NOOO S ECS SERS tet coe se oncacee heel este eee 36, 000 1,000
Shrimip-.cesssceae ee 10, 648 745 | 61,900| $2,785] 30,530] $1,277] 103,078 4, 807
Totalseeses eae. 50, 948 1,975 | 61, 900 | 2,785 | 30,530 1,277 | 143,378 6,037
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 89
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON IN 1915, BY
Counties, SPECIES, AND Apparatus—Continued.
BY POUND NETS.
Species. Clarke. Cowlitz. Grays Harbor. Jefferson. King.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
Grayfish’ -.--...-|cn4-=se= Peepers | ees actete ara)| roleteiareis\= |i Sisteieatell hoes ale 400, 000 $900 | 100,000 $225
CIE TRaI One Rome ol hagectone || seecc del ose ie ers eae |e ae | sea Fa Ae ope (Pe 20,000 250
Salmon:
Blueback or
BOCKEV On re NEC KOUUN PBS LOO (esac. eeepc sateen [asia aise 23,540 | 1,883] 200,745 | 11,000
Chinook. . - ./145,125 | 6,100 | 758, 250 |$32,100 | 377,200 |#7,544 | 585,460 |$20,491 |1,010, 240 | 55,563
Chum 46 | 108,750 543 | 366,300 | 1,665 | 228,976 | 2,862] 442,040 | 11,051
Humpback . 10,210 |1, 576,004 | 15,760
Silver 5 5 16,036 | 793,716 | 29,103
Shad..... 4 saccoce lazooudd| Soc toma acid kod 4|lcaccabpeslacagsoo acsEededss Seaoaans 3, 878 160
Sharks 22) deoas cSoploeteee
Skates 13 sb. 32) Socoe| soeeeete
SHGltis.- 355 Stet abe oe Bassons hes se eas Cees asec leas sabes secscod Moree caueo Roncr mee 10,599 375
Steelhead trout - 1,300 93,288 | 6,997
Sturgeon.......- 50 3 325 68 2, 280 160
Total. . ..- 203,500 | 7,603 1,062,262 | 37,431 53,785 |4, 252,790 |130, 644
]
Species. | Kitsap. Klickitat. Pacific. Pierce. San Juan.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pownds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Grayfish==-2=-=- Pe220SOOOR IP GAG a nearest ses etes ce meee ons| ocieecee es neciscencalseccees 380, 000 $855
Salmon: :
Blueback or :
sockeye...| 6,505 520 | 20,850 /$1,042 76,667 | $3,828 30 $3 18,325 | 1,649
Chinook.-...| 21,136 | > 870} 63,870 | 2,850 |2,890,690 | 83, 262 9,900 645 | 105,006 | 2,625
Gham®: <*> D2 RA4s We tey Ne eee Satae 279, 693 1,401 | 47,600 300 472 7
Humpback .| 11,492 205 1,104 13 1,760 22 3, 200 80 | 321,272] 4,016
Silvers-23--- 30,373 | 1,471 | 66,600 | 1,500 | 718,607 | 14,371 9,900 300 | 165,114 | 6,879
ae eee et tncce eee s sotee nc laoseecrc-|seecane 8, 223 Oa ee coiae ameleots cerca Me ee wince Soe
Sharkseeo22. 232 De cpr eta | eS Sea Vue Se Sac che lee ssa acltece neue ec 12,000 26
REATOS 1-2-2 =<-. feet tse sep lacete ct Seidosoncs | Seems esate cscs cee lsecoceuseos canseus [as aseet 8,000 18
HEE ha pSeSCeneéd EOenenionds) CE CTEGG PE CSenee MERE re 55 Pt eR SSRSEA| BAC Soa MaBOoE Reno) accece
(Sto ri ts ae Se ee Obese eCoecee taetone 55 Ce esses Boece sas Sa aeeresce 15, 000 S201 |Scceswasee|teseeee
Steelhead trout.) 2,525 175 | 37,687 | 1,186 | 697,039 | 23,556 2,185 150 13 1
Sturgeon.......- 78 Onl eames eee a 2,600 Yh Pees Se ara NI eae sl I
Total. .-..| 314,953 | 4,928 | 190,111 | 6,541 |4,675,334 | 126,598 | 87,815 | 1,803 |1,010, 202 | 16,076
Species. Skagit. Wahkiakum. Whatcom. Total.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Grayisneeeen a acanssc- 22 -|sdaeccaee eassc en s.5|Meoeecess 800, 000 $1,800 | 1,900,000 $4, 275
Herring oo 33.6: 2,200 Bee ee ere ee ese Le|aakae soe oe ok [oe aaaeaone ‘2,200 22
“Lingcod’”’...... 790, 000 MTT ilocos ges ane do] Ga ncadaadooucs Cosescs | Asdecacses 810, 000 2,027
Salmon:
Blueback or
sockeye... 480,250 | 42,074 4,615 $230 | 1,431,340 98,274 | 2,264,867 | 160,603
Chinook....| 1,397,000 | 56,375] 1,096,921 | 40,747 | 2,070,222] 87,550 | 10,531,020 | 396,722
Chumessss: 383,500 | 7,460 44, 336 224 388, 456 8,001 | 2,322,167 | 34,747
Humpback .} 2,892,000 | 43,060 4, 200 52 | 6,033,348 75,416 | 11,661,200 | 148,834
Silver......- 794,800 | 31,792 380,748 8,665 | 2,580, 282 66,878 | 6,730,726 | 191,875
Shadi ee =: 58555 60 2 721 Ty eect RoR ae eae 42, 882 221
DHALES er ote scasa [Ses senseoee saecewiecc|cooscedsccesecesscc 5, 000 11 27,000 59
SEBO HS Soa acs seed ete wows |Coeteceni | sectese aces eseceweds 3,000 7 17, 000 38
Sinelgeets ane 600 UC EE ASCE peo Ceececne Coleen cies Hee cee eeee 11, 254 395
Shopng | Sea ee eS oes Sei 8 2) 2 Re Bel ee en ae [ere ep Oe Se 15,000 325
Steelhead trout... 92, 600 5,910 182, 301 5,604 35, 983 2,521 | 1,244,258 50, 486
Sturgeon........ 840 50 503 PATA TS See Bs atom lami. pikes 10,756 486
Total.....| 6,833,850 | 188,540 | 1,714,345 | 55,558 | 13,347,631 | 340,458 | 37,560,330 | 991,115
BY HOOP NETS.
Species. Grays Harbor. Pacific. Total.
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Norah ose ae eee 169, 885 $5,425 | 1,097,778 $34, 200 1, 267, 663 $39, 625
90 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON IN 1915, BY
CounTIES, SPECIES, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY DIP NETS.
Species. Clarke. Cowlitz. Wahkiakum. Total.
gimaie| Raum {PONE 0 *72,500 | "$128 | 1,608,560 | $6,530 | ~'37500 | $40 [1,619,500 | "30°60
BY REEF NETS.
Species. San Juan. Whatcom. Total.
Salmon: Value. Pounds. Value.
Blueback or sockeye. ...-. $935 19, 290 $1, 546
Chinook2" 7 .-23-- Shot ekm es PO O1Gala* rere 2oit| 2 eked 2 tek ee Smee eee 5,016 125
Chum=ss22" She Mens -2OSO44EIE edb: ok Se |e eee 8,944 145
Humpback. 265 114, 148 1,427
DIVeT oe encore cee ee AOCOlly a ee SeenOOta tae Odin eete ee teaseel ese ete see 22,584 941
Steelhead trowut--s.es. lh MP2 zane oa Ee eer eee ee 225 15
Wofete ee 1, 200 | 170, 207 4,199
BY POTS.
Species. Clallam. Grays Harbor. Island. Jefferson. King.
t
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.
(Srabseeeeee see 26,667 | $1,600 | 85,962 | $2,675 | 112,625 | $3,172 | 2,000 $90] 1,793 $67
Species. Pierce. Skagit. Snohomish. Whatcom. Total.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.) Value.| Pounds.| Value.
Crabsyesee se se- 2,500} $100} 46,617 | $1,318] 10,000} $250] 86,352 | $2,525 | 374,516 | $11, 797
BY WHEELS.
. Species. Pacific. Species. Pacific.
Salmon: , Pounds. | Value. Pounds. | Value.
Blueback or sockeye........ 1,600 $80)'|| Sturgeon... 2 joka oe a2 seat eee 100 $6
CRIMOOKE Seeee soir. o oot nee 500 30 ——_
POAC Eo loc seen eee eee oe 397 4 Totalaest. 2. Sees 5, 234 211
Steelhead trout...........-.---- 2,637 91
BY LINES.
Species. Clallam. Clarke. Franklin. Grays Harbor. Island.
Pounds. | Value. | Pownds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Gravfish:. oso. 232e ls sek. Sn |. 5 Sue [Seo ac s'ek a] abe ees emeneees |- 4-226 | Jo. a ee eee eos 800, 000 | $1,800
al butes sae. eal - AZ, 000)| $15 920)... onccc| secu ncal stenoses =| 4» soda |oaire gates ees ses eae eee ee
SEPATIP COOL A ie.5 22 acne sans Sabine ell eactoeetere el eneeaiomeemorac| sass sis 150 $2. sce cee |boeeene
Rockfishes.....-. 5770005 15.425, |ces cs mslecewece| ae Emcbeealacscenn 3, 000 75 1,000 35
Salmon:
Chinook...... 275; 876\) "6; 898s eee S| ese sees eee bee | costes 21,635 523 51,156 | 1,278
Chumeotes: 15, 500 155, | 20s casnk |S aee Mate aee ae lon os cu| cee eel See ee | ee eee
Humpback. . 22,650 DS? We conte wall ne oomenalemervictecte| Recease 750 9 4, 200 52
Silvers sece.. 1,453, 299 | 36, 234 3, 700 ty fit is rca) eee 55,240 | 1,332 | 268,744] 6,719
PB PES Eee etclolajeia 2 aincie As osha un |5.d:ctararaeiall apeta cha ec oll erate cate] ee ete | cooes (oo a freee are Jeers 46, 000 100
BEStOs se ese cot nw titen neon fase l SO /OPER NC So) code Sees Seer Co ete cl crests metas | aeons 32, 000 72
PS) ]UL 2) 1 a ae | Sees See Pema bine ers | peas 1, 200 $90 |) win nc Shan ciactee | oes tacos See
Total. Ste: 1, 866,325 | 46,914 3, 700 75 1, 200 90 | 80,775 | 1,941 |1, 203,100 | 10,056
‘
=
a
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 91
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON IN 1915, BY
CounTIES, SPECIES, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY LINES—Continued.
Species. Jefferson. King. Kitsap. Mason.
;
Pounds. Value. | Pownds. Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value.
Ode re Saas Sa toe eee ee kone 300 tt) a een) > See eee | MRE po
Hlovinders] se sas) seaiee cence mello eee x 200 2 400 $32. |sjcc ccs ote pees
Gragisneeseseec- 560, 000 $1, 255 604, 662 1,362 310, 000 697 |..2<. Seca S se aeeeeee
FRA Ditsaasecoens 12,000 960 15, 000 G4 OMe e aa ote tees sc2 sae oas's Soule seem
‘Tingeod” 2. s.- + 3, 000 90 600 13% | een aes | ane el a oe |e
IRGCKNSHES A=. esse chee [cons woke se 800 24 650 38 1,000 $35
Salmon:
Blueback or
BOCKSYV On os) onsen ca8e| swine cies 117 UBS See SA SES Camere ae
Chinook...... 43, 406 1,086} 193,662 4, 842 80, 388
Humpback. . 3, 450 43 18, 400 220 6, 600
Silver==--.s0- 265,178 6,629 | 1,017,388 25, 435 422,312
Sharkss sere 5). 18, 000 39 180, 000 404 6, 000
PKates! eee cce. 12,000 29 78, 000 173 4,000
BOlCSemme tee eeas eae ena teers eel eeeceee ens lssccceee ee 400
Motaleecss|| . 917,084 10,131 | 2,109, 129 33, 143 830, 750 13, 452 58, 875 1,475
ot
Species. Pacific. Pierce. San Juan. Skagit.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value.
Grayiishe soste. se |oecce scones [aom neers 1, 279, 334 $2, 879 380, 000 $8040 | Tosa soelecceecetes
IAL puboreee omc s hoes case seme Soeioe cl ne eeninee al teciss a cerae 100 ag ae See eee ee
CULATED OG oss ee Oc etl pel le pe = ea | bee Ee a Le a creat a a Saree SA LA el a 500 $12
BOC eri shps 28340 Sse ae eee reel iae es Ses Eeaeecuke 2,000 70 1,000 40
Salmon:
Chinook...... 95, 050 $4, 808 159, 620 7, 240 20, 270 510 127, 413 3, 186
PMP pAcks .|F ack = 8 ete Teed 9, 000 113 1,500 20 10,350 129
Silvers s--- 590, 300 12,617 575, 880 14,397 101, 980 2,650 662, 762 16, 569
Rharkg ss ee eae af oe ess lie oece doe 60, 000 135 8, 000 1 Al Ree ised ers aee c=
SUCTICCES SB eae Ss | eee ee eee 40, 000 90 8, 000 19). sae Seta ale Oe eae
Steelhead trout. . 3, 500 LP GSH ae Ae aes Aes ee ee See RR paces aml [eee See ee eet eee
Total..-...| 688,850 17,600 | 2, 123, 834 24, 854 521, 850 4,150 802, 025 19, 936
Species. Skamania. Snohomish. Whatcom. Total.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value.
Cree eae ee a ee ae ns et eee See ee oe Pale nes al Fees Eh. ants 300 $
loungers css to eee ee Roe mene Ne ee yer a aie tune aie as ce ten |e oe amas 600 34
Graynshtecoes asl saa c soya cot aan Se bebe eee Kee eae ga) |e te ae Ie ee Oe 3, 933, 996 8, 847
TERED ELL See ne lee 32 o-oo fa aes ae cee deaa be ets ee Sociale ead ae 69, 100 3, 535
SePPR EIA end enna seer eee eens eee ae eenae ent nee te aslo araeemic wats scores 4, 250 122
TEER SEOS SOE | Se es | SDP eae eR Bay eee ee Wa a. Pets ee 66, 450 1, 742
Salmon: |
Blueback or
sockeye. ... 117 9
Chinook. .....|.. 1, 228,117 36, 448
Chuniss2 33:7 15, 500 155
Humpback 89, 350 1,107
Silver 42225!2 6,221,817 | 153,456
Sharks) onc seceeseclhs cece 318, 000 708
BRAGS soca oe ce al eeree cece 174, 000 392
Solostpers. eee. 25 400 12
Steelhead trout. .|.......... 3,500 175
Sturgeon. ......-.. 1,700 120
Total--.~ 500 30 398, 375 10, 087 520, 875 12,937 | 12,127,197 206, 871
92 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF WASHINGTON IN 1915, BY
CountTIES, SPECIES, AND ApPpARATUS—Continued.
BY TONGS, RAKES, ETC.
Species. Clallam. Grays Harbor. Tsland. Jefferson. King.
Clams: Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. |Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value.
Hands oe 25520" |) S190. -|>. oe eel eect kae 552 $45 | 17,944 |$1, 269 864 $110
IPE 7 gS ae! ek 3 Fel Ce 9207: 450) |$37, 736) | Yoii-cc ac [todas 25) ancac cos|aceeeee |e rr
Oysters: Eastern,
TAPES. Sale| aoe eae| see eeses 875 525) | asses ewe ates = 5,250; || 3; 7505... cea eee
Total=-- 2, 520 190 | 298,305 | 38, 261 552 45 | 23,194 | 5,019 864 110
Species. Kitsap. Mason. Pacific. Pierce. San Juan.
Clams: Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value.
Hard-.s.2:..-| '88,77004|92, 270 al, 4, 0001 194, 114 PM oac. oe | dace 5,680 | $425] 4,480] $490
BOGE Seen, 2 sel moatenaiate otal le mere eat Soe eee ae ate ere reye Li 2 S150: ioe ccee ln oe oc os | ae ee ee
TLZOT ce dd oe es | ees ee ae 75: 320i | p18: 1 Onl se saccec|s asec | eee eee
Oysters:
Eastern, mar-
Robe vpierearsea | eewseeste seeenee 5250) fe 2250 |:79 228 OL 0549) vo see Sacc|eacee aa leeercceen | =a
Nati ver osee: t[eeebs sca| eee at 38.654) | 29.035: || 9.9:'700)|| -45'°755: | 642200015 175/52 oe ean eee
Seed Regie 2: |"! hast ees 8,680 | 2,530] 12,201] 5,229 133 47 ||: 22. ee
Total...| 35,760 | 2,371 | 116,584 | 30,926 | 277,658 [120,798 | 10,013 | 2,197] 4,480] 490
Species. Skagit. Snohomish. Thurston. Whatcom. Total.
Clams: Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value. | Pownds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Hard.........} 176 | $25] 1,760 | $242 | 40,000] $2,743] 2,008] $170 | 175,444 | $12,191
SOllb ns face saee eee baicse foe ciate Steph Pama cf see naa ere Nee ea Re a 1, 200 150
IRAZOL Soe soee |smcceecll seneoeleemceecee eto. c| epee eee Seskep ess ees creel oeeewe 372,750 | 56, 446
Oyster:
Eastern, mar-
{Ea ap SRS d a BR Aa enka Ge at aa gy PANOOT| 9804. | Seeeeet es asa 204, 694 | 107,873
Native....... SEO | L AGO) wet yeeseats| eee 304 (296i 1219"8 184 |e poner ee Seams 447,419 | 248, 623
Sood.) te eel... Sooo lone Soke se eee tes | hee ee 3, 794 SI3i| co. teal ees ,808} 8,619 ~
Mussels ccc xcsnces|sstests ake astos Pestee ed ees TOO0ulso% HEBSH| asec ees ees 700
Potalee. =. 736 | 315] 1,760 | 242 | 452,881 | 232,851 | 2,008] 170 |1,227,315 | 433,985
NOTES ON SPECIES.
Halibut.—Halibut is the most valuable species taken in the fish-
eries of Washington. The value of the catch in 1915 was nearly
three times as great as that of chinook salmon, the next species in
importance. The total production was 40,590,705 pounds, with a
value to the fishermen of $2,041,279, as compared with 15,897,155
pounds, valued at $458,375, in 1904. The halibut were all taken
with lines, and all but 69,100 pounds were taken in the vessel fish-
eries. Halibut on the Pacific coast average smaller in size than on
the Atlantic coast.
The halibut vessel fishery on the Pacific coast really began when
the schooners Oscar and Hattie and Mollie Adams, from Massachu-
setts, rounded Cape Horn and reached Puget Sound in 1888. The
first fishing by these vessels was done during the summer and fall of
that year, and the trips would have been very successful had it not
been for the high price of ice. The total catch of the two vessels for
the season amounted to 570,000 pounds of fresh and salted halibut,
valued at $18,400. Some difficulty was at first experienced in freezing
and getting the fish to the Atlantic coast markets in good condition,
but with the introduction of refrigerator cars no further difficulty has
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 93
been encountered, and the shipments have steadily increased. The
halibut fleet has increased from the 2 sail vessels just mentioned, in
1888, to a fleet of 97 vessels in 1915, most of them hailing from Seattle.
While sail vessels were at first employed in the fishery, in 1915, with the
exception of 5 steamers the halibut fleet consisted entirely of gasoline
vessels, ranging in size from a few boats under 5 net tons to one of
115 net tons, and were usually owned by corporations. Thecrews vary
from 5 to 19 men on the gasoline boats and from 37 to 44 men on the
steamers. Some of the smaller boats do not carry any dories, the
fishing being done from the deck. A large majority of the vessels are
engaged exclusively in the halibut fishery, but a few discontinue purse
seining at times to catch halibut. The number of dories carried varies
from 2 on the small gasoline vessels to 12 on the larger steamers. The
eee cook, and deck hands of a halibut vessel very seldom do any
shing.
Halibut are caught exclusively on trawl lines. The amount of gear
used to a vessel ranges from 2 to 8 skates, a skate having a uniform
length of 220 hooks placed 9 feet apart. There are ordinarily 7 lines,
each 50 fathoms in length, to askate. The lines are always set with
the tide and wind. The men usually start out at about daybreak, and
sometimes lines areset aslateas5p.m. The gearis allowed to remain
out about an hour before fishing is begun. From three to four hours
are required to lift and fish a gear, the time varying according to
amount set. The baiting is done on the fishing grounds just before
setting out the lines. From the latter part of November to the last
of January torches are used early in the morning and in the evening
while fishing. The hooks commonly used are the Arthur James and
Mustad hooks, Nos. 6283 and 6284, and are seized on the line with
No. 12 linen twine.
Herring is the principal bait used; salmon are also used, but only
in small quantities. Large numbers of herring from Puget Sound are
utilized, but the main supply comes from Alaska, where many fisher-
men are occupied exclusively in catching bait for halibut vessels. In
starting on ahalibut trip itis customary to take 10 barrels of bait to
each dory. A steamer will sometimes take as much as 200 barrels of
herring on a trip. Bait is taken from Seattle only when going on a
short trip. The herring bait is always used fresh, and in 1915 the
cost was about $2 per barrel of 200 pounds. The price was about the
same in Alaska.
In the early days of the fishery halibut were taken almost exclu-
sively in the vicinity of Cape Flattery, but now the vessels go from
150 to 1,500 miles from Seattle, the nearest fishing bank being the
one off Cape Flattery and the most distant one the Portlock Bank.
The average length of a trip is 15 days, but some trips to near-
by banks are made in 7 or 8 days. Besides the halibut banks
already named, Hecate Straits and Yakitat Bank may be mentioned.
The most prolific of these is Hecate Straits, 350 to 500 miles from
Seattle. Very few vessels from Seattle go farther north than these
grounds. While in that region the most convenient place for rebaiting
is at Prince Rupert, Canada. In recent years, under an order in
council passed at Ottawa, United States vessels can buy bait only
upon condition that the catch is landed at Prince Rupert. This has
had a depressing effect upon the halibut trade of Seattle, resulting in
some of the larger wholesale firms moving to Prince Rupert.
94 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Halibut are prepared for market by eviscerating and filling the
cavity with ice. They are then covered with ice and kept in pens in
the hold of the vessel to prevent them from sliding around. The
heads of the fish are cut off upon the arrival of the vessel at the home
dock.
The fishery is followed throughout the entire year except when the
vessel is laid up for repairs. Owing to the long distance traveled and
the rough weather often encountered, halibut fishing constitutes a
dangerous occupation, some men being lost every year. In 1915, 60
men were lost.
In the early days of the halibut fishery the local demand was light,
a vessel load of 20,000 pounds being sufficient to supply it. In
addition to halibut, the vessels also bring in small quantities of
sablefish, the total quantity in 1915 amounting to 575,810 pounds,
valued at $13,782. is species is one of the most palatable fishes
found on the Pacific coast, or elsewhere. For some unaccountable
reason it has not been utilized to any great extent, but the indica-
tions now are that increasing quantities will be brought in annually.
Salmon.—The total catch of all species of salmon, including steel-
head trout, in 1915 amounted to 91,130,492 pounds, valued at
$2,330,474. The catch of the different species in the order of their
importance was as follows: Chinook, 18,188,160 pounds, valued at
$699,771; silver, 18,630,302 pounds, valued at $543,241; humpback,
29,998,291 pounds, valued at $367,521; blueback or sockeye, 5,043,374
pounds, valued at $345,810; chum, 17,156,244 pounds, valued at
$282,842; and steelhead, 2,114,141 pounds, valued at $91,389. The
greater part of the catch was utilized in canning. Large quanti-
ties were also used for freezing, smoking, salting, and mild curing.
From the above, it will be seen that the fishermen received the
following average prices per pound for the different species: Blue-
backs, 64 cents; steelhead trout, 4%; cents; chinook, 34 cents; silver,
27% cents; chum, 13 cents; and humpbacks, 14 cents.
Chinook.—Chinook salmon are taken in every county of the State
having fisheries, but Pacific County, with a catch of 4,371,135 pounds,
is far in the lead. The greater part of the catch is taken in the
Columbia River. The pound-net fisheries at Chinook and gill-net
fisheries at Ilwaco contribute a large part of the catch. Wahkiakum
County, situated entirely on the Culanitad River, ranks next to
Pacific County, with a catch of 2,600,571 pounds. There are several
very important fishing points in this county, but Cathlamet, with its
valuable pound-net and gill-net fisheries, is the leading one. What-
com and Skagit Counties, both on Puget Sound, also furnish large
catches of chinook, pound nets being the principal apparatus of
capture. Cowlitz County, on the Columbia River, and King County,
on Puget Sound, are also deserving of mention for their output of
abel This species is taken commercially as far from the coast
as in the Snake River at Clarkston, Wash., opposite Lewiston, Idaho.
It is an important item in the seine catch of that vicinity.
Chinook are found during the entire year in Washington, but the
best catches are made between May 1 and September 15. Chinook
average in size from 20 to 25 pounds, but some weighing 100 pounds
have been taken. The size varies with the apparatus used. The
average size of those taken in gill nets is probably less than those
taken with some of the other apparatus, as a gill net with an extra
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 95
mesh, say from 84 to 104 inches, is necessary for the larger chinook,
and comparatively few fishermen have these extra nets. Fishermen
sometimes call the chinook “‘springs”’ until they are ready to spawn;
after that they turn dark in color and are called “jacks.” arge
numbers of chinook are caught by trolling, but in 1915 the silver
salmon replaced that species in importance. While large quantities
of chinook are smoked, mild cured, and frozen, more than one-half
of the entire catch is utilized for canning. There has been an increase
in the output of this species since 1904 of 2,976,377 pounds, but a
decrease in value of $1,784.
Silver salmon.—Silver salmon are taken quite generally throughout
the waters of the entire State, Columbia and Garfield Counties on
the Snake River alone failing to report any catch. The total output
of Puget Sound was 14,753,946 pounds, as compared with 1,871,673
pounds credited to the Columbia River. A small quantity was taken
commercially in the Snake River as far up as Clarkston, Wash. More
than two-thirds of the total output of the State was utilized for can-
ning. Large quantities were also salted and frozen. Pound nets and
lines are the most important forms of apparatus used in taking silver
salmon, two-thirds of the catch being taken by this means. The
eater part of the remainder were taken in gillnets. Silver salmon
ollow bluebacks and run mainly from September 1 to the end of
the year, but are scarce in December. They are of a more uniform
weight than chinook, an average for the entire State being from 6 to 8
pounds, though some weighing 30 pounds have been taken. The
output for 1915 as compared with that for 1904 shows a decline
of 7,390,885 pounds and an increase of $40,220 in value.
Humpback.—Humpback salmon are important only on account of
the large catches made, as the average price in 1915, as already
shown, was only 1+ cents per pound. The total output was nearly
one-third of that of all species of salmon combined. In 1915 this
species constituted about one-half of the purse-seine catch, which is
the most important apparatus used in their capture. Practically the
entire catch is taken in the Puget Sound region and is utilized almost
exclusively for canning. The average weight of the humpback is
about 4 pounds. They are taken mainly in the summer and fall and
apport in increased numbers every two years.
lueback or sockeye.—This is the most valuable of all the salmon,
as the average price, 64 cents per pound, paid in 1915, indicates. By
reason of the bright-red color of the meat and its rich flavor it is
the most highly prized of the salmon for canning. More than one-
half the catch was taken in the Puget Sound region, but the Quinault
River in Grays Harbor County contributed most of the remainder.
The blueback run extends from July 15 to the latter part of August.
During this time they are being followed by purse-seiners through
the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the south side of San Juan County and
thence up the Rosario Strait northward to the Canadian line. The
blueback is termed a Canadian fish by reason of being taken by
American fishermen on its way to its spawning grounds in the Fraser
River, Canada. Bluebacks sometimes reach a weight of 12 pounds,
but the average weight is about 5 pounds. Heavy runs of this species
occur periodically every four years, the last one being in 1913. It
will thus be seen that 1915 would naturally be a slack year. The
years of these large runs are called ‘“‘big years.’”” As compared with
96 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
1904, the canvass for 1915 shows a decline in the output of this species
of 6,464,036 pounds in quantity and $181,678 in value.
Ghum.—Next to the humpback, this species commands the lowest
price of any of the salmon. The average price per pound in 1915
wasl2cents. They are taken mostlyin the Puget Sound region, purse
seines being the chief means of capture, though large quantities are
also taken with gill nets and pound nets. The run begins about Sep-
tember 20 and continues until the end of the year. Most of the catch
is utilized for canning, but considerable quantities are sold frozen.
The average weight of the chum salmon is about 8 pounds, though
some weighing as much as 12 pounds have been taken. There has
been an increase in this species since 1904 of 3,504,056 pounds, valued
at $151,402.
Steelhead trout.—This species is taken very generally in the waters
of Washington but is much more plentiful in the Columbia River,
more than one-half of the State’s entire catch being credited to that
river. More than one-half of the catch was taken in pound nets and
most of the remainder in gill nets. This fish is found in the Snake
River as far up as Clarkston, Wash., and constitutes the most im-
portant part of the catch at that locality. It is more plentiful during
the winter and until March 15, which accounts in a measure for the
good price received. It is said to be not so attractive for eating dur-
ing part of the spring and summer seasons. The skin then is dark
in color, though the flesh is white. It is also quite thin at this time,
following the spawning season. In 1915 the fishermen received on
an average about 43, cents per pound. Only a small proportion of
the catch is used for canning, as the steelheads are taken in largest
uantities when the canneries are closed. Some are frozen, but
the demand for the fresh fish usually equals the supply. Steel-
head, like chinook salmon, vary much in weight, but an average
would be about 12 pounds, though some reach a weight of as much
as 45 pounds. There has been a fair increase, both in pounds and
value, of this species since the last canvass for 1904.
Cod.—Eight schooners owned in Washington, with a combined
crew of 268 men and 156 dories, made their annual trip to Alaskan
waters in 1915 to prosecute the cod fishery. These vessels ranged
from 138 to 413 tons net tonnage. The result of the trip was 5,498,284
pounds of salt cod, valued at $180,934, and 30,000 pounds of cod
tongues, valued at $2,090. The round weight of the fish was 13,-
745,710 pounds. Four of these schooners were from King and four
from Skagit Counties. The catch, which was taken entirely with
hand lines, was dry-salted in Alaska and taken to Seattle and
Anacortes, the hailing places of the vessels, where the fish were re-
salted and otherwise prepared for market.
The vessels usually leave their home ports about the middle of
March, and after three weeks sailing arrive in the neighborhood of
Shumagin Islands, in the North Pacific. They are then approxi-
mately 1,553 nautical miles from Seattle. As the fishing is followed
mostly during the summer season, they have the advantage of long
hours of daylight. The period of darkness during the fishing season
rarely exceeds four hours, and is even less during June and July.
Fishing with trawl lines for cod has been followed to some extent m
the past, but very seldom now. The fishermen seem to prefer the
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 97
use of hand lines. The catch of cod has more than doubled, and the
value nearly trebled since 1904.
Smelt.—Smelt are taken in most of the counties bordering on Puget
Sound, but the fishing is usually incidental to the salmon fisheries of
this region. The fishing season is from August 1 to April 30; during
May, June, and July the season is closed. Until recent years the fish-
ing season extended throughout the entire year. Short seines are
used, the length ranging from 80 to 100 yards on an average and the
depth from 200 to 400 meshes. The bunt is 25 yards long and is of
6 or 9 thread cotton twine with 1-inch mesh, while the wings are of
6-thread twine with 11-inch mesh. A seine is usually fished by
two men.
Under smelt in this report are included eulachon, or candlefish,
which are usually taken in the Cowlitz River near Kelso. In 1915,
however, that river was so muddy that they continued up the
Columbia to the Lewis River, where practically the entire catch was
made. The fishing season is from January 1 to April 1, and they
are taken in edie quantities that they soon glut the market.
The price usually varies from $5 a box of 50 pounds, early in the
season, to 10 cents a box after the season is well advanced. The
output goes largely to Portland. Dip nets are the only form of
apparatus used in the fishery. Since 1904 there has been an increase
in the catch of 788,049 pounds, but there has been a decrease of
$1,570 in value.
Grayfish.—This species in 1915 was used exclusively in the manu-
facture of fertilizer and oil. The total output used for this purpose
amounted to 7,093,996 pounds, valued at $15,959. This is a new
industry, as no grayfish were reported in the last canvass of this
region by the Bureau covering the year 1904. They were taken
mainly with seines and set lines, and often by men not regularly
engaged in fishing.
erring.—Herring are used almost exclusively for halibut bait.
Practically the entire catch is taken in haul seines, principally in the
vessel fisheries. Many purse-seine fishermen also have short-haul
seines, which they use whenever the opportunity offers for making
a good haul of herring. Some are sold to the halibut vessels direct
and the remainder to dealers, mainly in Seattle, who freeze them for
use later in the season. The increase in the herring output from
531,750 pounds, valued at $3,155 in 1904, to 2,129,149 pounds, valued
at $9,655 in 1915, is due to the growth of the halibut fishery.
Sturgeon.—Sturgeon are imal in small quantities in most of the
waters of the State but are more frequent in the Columbia River.
Pacific County, on the latter stream, with a catch of 17,100 pounds,
valued at $784, and 300 pons of caviar, valued at $75, leads all
other counties in this fishery. This species, as in eastern waters,
shows quite a marked decline. The total catch for Washington in
1915 amounted to 43,656 pounds, valued at $2,151, as compared
with 125,127 pounds, valued at $4,050, in 1904.
Rockfishes.—Puget Sound is the northern limit for the black rockfish,
the most important catches being made by Indians fishing with hand
lines in the vicinity of Neah Bay. Considerable quantities are also
taken in that region by troll fishermen, and small quantities with
set lines in various localities. Red rockfish are not taken com-
o
98 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
mercially as far north as Washington. The total catch of rockfishes
for the State in 1915 was 101,351 pounds, valued at $2,995, as com-
pared with 82,700 pounds, valued at $3,498, in 1904.
Sole.—Sole are found in only small quantities as far north as
Washington. Practically the entire catch was made with beam
trawls, a few men in Kitsap County making a special fishery of it.
This species is taken commercially in only four counties of the State,
all on Puget Sound. The catch increased from 9,000 pounds, valued
at $180, in 1904, to 68,062 pounds, valued at $1,951, in 1915.
Carp.—No commercial fishing for carp is followed in any of the
streams of Washington, except the Columbia River, and in only one
locality on that river. The total output in 1915 amounted to 200,000
pounds, valued at $4,000, which were shipped mainly to Seattle and
Portland. Some were sent as far east as Butte, Mont. It is likely
that the output could be increased were the markets to justify it.
Clams.—There has been quite a decline in the output of hard clams
in Washington since 1904. The catch in 1915 was 21,968 bushels,
valued at $12,191, as compared with 96,821 bushels, valued at
$54,512 in 1904. The counties leading in the production of hard
clams are, in the order of their importance, Mason, Thurston, Kitsap,
and Jefferson. Several other counties produced small quantities.
Olympia is the center of the hard-clam industry of the State. The
hard clams are packed there in hermetically sealed cans of many sizes
from 1 pint to 5 gallons and shipped as far east as Chicago. They
are always shipped raw. The output of soft clams in the State in
1915 was insignificant. In the report for 1904 razor clams were
tabulated with the soft clams, but in this report they are separated.
The output of razor clams in 1915 was 37,275 bushels, valued at
$56,446. While the returns for 1915 show a substantial increase as
compared with 1904, it is likely that the industry has been over-
worked, as some firms have dismantled their canneries and moved
the machinery to Alaska for operation there.
Razor clams are found caper: along the ocean beach of Grays
Harbor and Pacific Counties. In Oregon they are found for only a
short distance along the ocean beach from the mouth of the Columbia
River south. They are taken between tides at extreme low water,
the width of the beach on which they are taken being about 50 yards.
The fishing can be done only on ‘‘minus”’ tides; that is, tides runnin
below mean low water. Considerable skill and dexterity are require
in capturing them, as they are very quick in their movements. If
the first effort with the shovel to catch one is not successful, all
chances of getting it at that time are gone. The method followed is
to insert the shovel quickly in the sand below the clam and make a
uick upward movement, the fisherman placing his hand under the
shovel to catch the clam in its efforts to retreat. The legal season
for taking razor clams is from September 1 to May 31, the remainder
of the year consti a closed season except for family use. But
it is not always possible during the open season to catch them, as
the particular stages of the tide when they can be taken occur at
only certain intervals.
A brief description of canning razor clams follows: The clams are
first put in a hot bath to loosen the shells. After Sonee noes the
bath, the shells are removed either by hand or by a shelling machine,
consisting of an endless chain or pulley. Both methods are fol-
-
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. - 99
lowed. The shells being removed, the clams then go to women who
remove the intestines, after which they are sent to the chopper.
From the chopper they are fed into the cans, and the latter are sent
to the sealing machines and thence to the retort, which completes
the operation, except labeling. The approximate time the cans are
left in the retort varies from 45 minutes to 2 hours and 20 minutes,
according to the temperature. The first clam cannery in Washington
was established in Seattle in 1875, and had a capacity of two hundred
2-pound cans a day.
Oysters, native and eastern.—The total production of oysters in
Washington in 1915 amounted to 64,342 bushels of native oysters,
valued at $250,298, and 37,859 bushels of eastern oysters, valued at
$140,028. This indicates an average price per bushel of $3.89 for
native and $3.69 for eastern oysters. Comparing the production of
native oysters in 1915 with that of 1904, we find a loss of 58 per cent
in quantity but only 10 per cent in value. The eastern oysters
during the same period show a decrease of less than 2 per cent in
quantity and an increase of 14 per cent in value. An illustration
of the decrease in the output of native oysters is shown in Pacific
County. In 1904 the production in that county amounted to 60,000
bushels, while in 1915 it had dwindled to 1,412 bushels. This has
contributed to increasing the price of native oysters along the entire
Pacific coast.
Olympia is the center of the native oyster industry of the State,
and Shelton, in Mason County, also has a thriving oyster industry.
Many of the inlets near these two towns are utilized for oyster-planting
purposes. More native oysters are produced in the vicinity of these
two towns than in all the remaining towns of the Pacific coast
combined. Conditions seem well adapted here to their cultivation.
Very few eastern oysters are handled at these places. The oyster
season of this region in 1915 suffered a handicap by reason of a freeze
occurring toward the end of the season, which killed large numbers
of oysters. In the earlier days of the industry the grounds were
always bare at low water, and many oysters died during the cold
weather. To prevent this, dykes were built to hold the water and
lessen the exposure of the oysters to the weather. Another and
probably the main reason for building the dykes, however, was to
establish a seed-producing area, as the public reserves had then
become very much depleted, and it was difficult to secure seed with
which to stock the grounds.
It is said that the first attempt at native-oyster cultivation in the
vicinity of Olympia was about 1880, and the business has been
continued ever since. The supply does not meet the demand, and
for this reason the oysters are often sold before reaching maturity.
Another probable reason, however, for early marketing is to avoid
the danger of freezing when the tide is out. 'The dykes have to a
considerable extent lessened this danger. Shells have been planted
within the dykes for the collection of spat and also to prevent the
oysters settling in the mud.
The average oyster season is from early in September to early in
May. Some of the oysters are shipped in the shell, but a majority
are shucked and shipped in cans of various sizes, holding from 1 pint
to 5 gallons. The cans are hermetically sealed, but the oysters are not
cooked. Shipments are made as far east as Chicago. It is likely
100 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
that about one-half the output goes out of the State, mostly to
California, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Montana, and some to British
Columbia. As is well known, this native oyster is very much smaller
than the eastern one.
The eastern oyster is produced in several counties of the State
from Samish Bay, in Skagit County, to Willapa Harbor, in Pacific
County, but 84 per cent of the output is from the latter water.
Shoalwater Bay, an arm of Willapa Harbor, is especially suitable for
the culture of the eastern oyster, and it is said that so far as known
the southern part of this bay is the only place on the Pacific coast
where the eastern oyster will propagate and successfully develop.
The most important oyster centers in this region are Nahcotta,
Tokeland, South Bend, and Bay Center. Little attention is paid now
to the native oyster at these localities as compared with times past.
It is authoritatively stated that the first eastern oyster was brought
to Willapa Harbor for planting in 1894. The shipment was made
by J. GJ. W. Ellsworth Co., of New York, under the direction of the
U.S. Fish Commission. Although conditions seemed favorable for
the continued planting of eastern oysters in this region, practically
nothing more was done for several years, due largely to the freight
rates, which were almost prohibitory. About the year 1900 the -
business took on new life and continued to grow until 1907, when it
slacked up from lack of demand. Little planting was done during
the following years until the spring of 1912, when six carloads of
seed oysters were brought from the east and planted. ‘Allowing the
usual time for maturing, these oysters were probably marketed in
1914 and 1915. The planters seem to [ora “‘set” for planting, as
they can get more out of a bushel and they develop into a better
oyster than older stock. The demand for eastern oysters is now so
ereat that they are rarely left on the beds after reaching 3 years of
age. The high freight rates and heavy mortality contribute largely
to the high price of these oysters. Some Japanese oysters have been
planted in Willapa Harbor, but they did not meet with sufficient
favor to justify further planting.
The oyster eee ie occupied by planters in Washington have been
purchased and deeded by the State to the owners. This deed holds
good only so long as the land is devoted to oyster culture.
Seed oysters.—During the year 1915, 3,544 bushels of seed oys-
ters, with an estimated value of $8,619, were taken by planters
from State reserves. Thereserves are tidewater grounds owned
by the State, certain portions of which are opened up to planters
each year between April 1 and June 15 for taking seed stock. Each
planter is allowed 500 sacks of 120 pounds each for every acre pre-
pared by him for seeding, and no seed stock can be sold.
Crabs.—Crabs are taken entirely with hoop nets and pots, the
total catch with both forms of apparatus in 1915 amounting to
1,734,401 pounds, having a value to the fishermen of $54,526, show-
ing an increase since 1904 of 174 per cent in quantity, and 102 per
cent in value. All but 92,231 pounds, valued at $3,104, were taken
in the shore fisheries. Crabs are taken commercially in almost all
of the counties bordering on Puget Sound and in Grays Harbor and
Pacific Counties bordermg on the ocean. In the two last-named
counties the fishing is followed almost entirely in the ocean. The
most important coast centers in the State are Bay Center, Tok-
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 101
land, and South Bend, in Pacific County; Westport, in Grays Har-
bor County; Utsaladdy, in Island County, and Dungeness, in Clallam
County.
Shrimp.—The total catch of shrimp in 1915 amounted to 386,-
420 pounds, valued at $18,719, taken entirely with beam trawls.
Nearly three-fourths were taken in the vessels fisheries and the re-
mainder in the shore fisheries. They were taken in all parts of
Puget Sound, but the greater part of the shrimp fleet was owned
and operated from Olympia and Tacoma and vicinities. An im-
portant industry in Olympia is the picking out and shipment of
shrimp meat.
Whales.—The whaling industry of Washington, aside from some
work done in Bering Sea by a coasting steamer owned in Seattle,
was confined entirely to one locality in Pacific County. Three
steamers are employed from the latter place and a plant is located
there for the manufacture of fertilizer and oil from the whales.
These steamers go from 20 to 150 miles from port in search of
whales. Four species of whales are taken; finbacks, sperm, hump-
backs, and sulphur-bottom. In 1915, 252 humpbacks, 66 finbacks,
15 sperm, and 1 sulphur-bottom were taken. Some whalebone
was taken by the whaling steamer out of Seattle, working in Bering
Sea, but that taken from the whales captured by the steamers from
Pacific County was not of sufficient length to give it any commer- |
cial value.
Practically every part of the whales taken by the Pacific County
steamers was utilized, except the water extracted from them. The
flesh, blood, and bones contributed to the manufacture of fertilizer.
As soon as the whale is brought in, unless it be at night, the blubber
is stripped off and the meat cut into chunks of about 10 pounds
each. ‘The bone is then chopped up and put into tanks, after which
the cooking process begins. The meat is put into vats holding 6
tons each, of his it is boiled until thoroughly cooked, the oil being
extracted while cooking by dipping it off by hand with long-handled
dippers. This applies to oils Nos. 2 and 3, known as whale oil.
The meat is then put into a press and the residue of oil extracted,
after which it passes through a drier and comes out as dry scrap,
in which shape it is sold; as it contains 15 per cent of ammonia it is
considered a high-grade material for fertilizer.
After stripping off the blubber it is passed through a slicer into
boiling tanks, having a capacity of 20 tons each, where it is cooked
in the same manner as the meat. After cooking, it is allowed to
stand until the following day, when the oil is run off into oil coolers
or collectors, when it is ready for market. Practically all of
the oil from the blubber is No. 1. The different kinds, or grades
of oil are all manufactured in exactly the same manner, the differ-
ence in grades being determined by the colors. No. 1 is white,
No. 2 is dark straw color, No. 3 is still darker, and No. 4 is almost
black. The fresher the whale, or the more quickly it is utilized
after killing, the better the oil secured. The latter gets dark by
holding the whale.
Most of the oil is sold to soap manufacturers, one large firm in
the Middle West getting the greater part of it. It is all shipped in
tank cars. The best grade is an excellent machine oil.
102 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
In the case of the sperm whale the oil is extracted by tapping
the head of the whale and letting the oil run out into a vat.
The bone of the whale is boiled in the same manner as the meat.
After the oil is extracted, the bone is taken out into an open yard
and allowed to remain there for several months, or until the end of
the season, in October, when it is ground and put through a drier
and then through a mill, when it is ready for market as bone meal.
This is considered a good fertilizer without other ingredients and is
so sold. An analysis has shown that it contains 23.79 per cent of
phosphorie acid, which places it among the high-grade fertilizers.
Ratfish.—This fish is quite common along the Pacific coast, but
as yet no commercial use has been made of it. It is often found by
men fishing for grayfish. The liver of this fish is said to furnish an
oil better even that cod-liver oil for tuberculosis and kindred ail-
ments, and is quite extensively used in the Scandinavian countries
and in Germany.
WHOLESALE FRESH-FISH TRADE.
The most important wholesale firms of the State, aside from can-
neries, are located at Seattle, though a considerable fresh-fish trade
is done at Tacoma and Everett, especially the former city. In
1915 there were 14 firms in the State fiandbinrs fresh fishery products
only. The value of these establishments was $153,075, the cash
capital invested was $26,100, the number of persons engaged was
79, and the wages paid amounted to $50,350. Three of these firms,
which handled crabs, cooked a few of the crabs before shipment.
FISHERY PRODUCTS PREPARED, EXCLUSIVE OF CANNING.
The total amount of fish frozen in the State was 8,812,127
pounds, valued at $371,854. This includes fish frozen by refrigerator
plants for wholesale dealers. The most important species frozen,
based on their value, were halibut, chum, silver, and chinook sal-
mon, and herring, the latter being utilized mostly for halibut bait.
Sablefish and smelt were also frozen in considerable quantities.
The mild-cured trade in Washington was confined to chinook
and chum salmon, divided as follows: 1,208,800 pounds of chinook
salmon, valued at $130,052, and 83,000 pounds of chum salmon,
valued at $2,060. The mild curing was all done at Seattle, Tacoma,
and Altoona, Wash.
The wholesale salting trade in 1915 amounted to 1,788,200
pounds, valued at $106,493, most of it being silver salmon. Con-
siderable quantities of halibut and sablefish and small quantities
of several other species were also salted. Seattle and Tacoma were
the headquarters for the salting trade.
The smoking of fish was quite an important industry in the State.
The total quantity smoked in 1915 was 2,058,210 pounds, having a
value of $193,301. The principal smoking centers are Seattle,
Tacoma, Everett, and Bellingham. Chinook salmon and sablefish
were the most valuable smoked fish, though halibut, cod, chum
salmon, and herring also were smoked in considerable quantities.
The following is a brief description of a smokehouse and method of
smoking: A smokehouse is approximately 15 by 30 feet and 3 stories
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 103
high from the basement to the roof. A square or round building is
preferable, so as to insure a more even distribution of heat and smoke.
The fire is maintained in the center of the building, in the basement
or on the first floor. Each fish is hung on three sticks, or on metal-
lic hangers, eee upon the size to be smoked. Small fish are
placed on sticks and large ones on metallic hangers. They are sus-
pended from the second and third floor levels. A slow fire is main-
tained from four to seven days, depending upon the kind of fish to be
smoked. Alder wood and hardwood sawdust are used entirely. Saw-
dust is used to make a smoldering fire with a great deal of smoke
but little heat. The kippering process differs from the regular smok-
ing process only in that the fish are placed on trays similar to a broiler
in the oven at home, and the alder-wood fire is maintained up to the
neighborhood of 300° F. for two hours. By this time the fish is
thoroughly cooked from the heat and cured by the smoke. It is
then ready to eat.
Among the miscellaneous fishery products prepared were 1,927
tons of fertilizer from fish and fish offal, valued at $77,560; 171,245
gallons of oil, valued at $50,555; 41,038 gallons of glue, valued at
$36,200; 212 tons of poultry feed, valued at $10,370, from the same
source; 133,689 pounds of shrimp meat, valued at $38,303; 5,000
pounds of potash, valued at $1,125, from kelp; and 150 tons of ground
clam shells, valued at $1,500. The oil mentioned above is used
largely for tanning leather, while some made from grayfish livers is
used in the manufacture of fine grades of soap. It is also said to be
ee medicinal purposes, but no such trade has yet been estab-
ished.
Statistics for products prepared, exclusive of canning, in Washing-
ton in 1915 are shown in table, page 54.
CANNING INDUSTRY.
In 1915 there were in Washington 76 canneries, distributed by
districts as follows: Forty-nine, valued at $4,541,103, in the Puget
Sound region; 15, valued at $318,685, in the Grays Harbor district;
7, valued at $164,900, in the Willapa Harbor district; and 5, valued
at $293,329, on the Columbia River. A total of $424,000-working
cash capital was employed, 4,525 persons were engaged, and $1,-
279,787 were paid in wages. Of these canneries all but a few were
engaged in canning salmon. The remainder handled clams, clam
juice, oysters not cooked, oyster cocktails not cooked, and shrimp
cocktails. Some of the salmon canneries included in their output a
few cases of canned shad, shad roe, clams, and clam juice. The total
pack of salmon in the Statewas as follows: 590,378 cases of humpback,
valued at $1,772,565; 178,464 cases of chinook, valued at $1,400,220;
450,409 cases of chum, valued at $1,219,061; 206,508 cases of silver,
valued at $1,036,859 ; 91,720 cases of blueback, valued at $932,394; and
10,270 cases of steelhead trout, valued at $64,860. The other canned
products consisted of 49,337 cases of clams, valued at $211,008; 270
cases of clam juice, valued at $1,050; 7,505 gallons of clams not
cooked, valued at $4,066; 4,944 gallons of clam juice not cooked,
valued at $2,427; and 49,103 gallons of oysters not cooked, valued at
$120,513. A case of salmon represents 48 pounds, but there is no
uniform weight to a case of clams. The clams indicated as not cooked
160695 °—20——35
104 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
are put up in hermetically sealed cans, which, if stored on ice, will
keep from one to three weeks and are sometimes shipped as far east
as Chicago. This applies also to the clam juice and oysters.
As the heaviest runs of salmon in the Puget Sound region occur
during the warmer weather, it is difficult to keep the fish in good con-
dition very long, and for this reason it was soon recognized as neces-
sary that the canneries be located as near the salmon grounds as
possible. In the early stages of the industry some canning was done
at West Seattle, but it was discontinued after the buildings were
twice destroyed by fire. The most important salmon-canning centers
of Washington now are Anacortes, Blaine, Everett, and Bellingham,
all being favorably located to the fishing grounds. Many of the ean-
ning companies still maintain offices in Seattle.
In 1915 a company in Whatcom County smoked the salmon before
canning. The following is a brief description of the process through
which the salmon passed before being canned: The salmon are first
placed in a concrete tank, from which they are taken and passed
through a machine which cleans and eviscerates them and cuts off the
heads and tails. The fish, after being cut into sizes suitable to the
size of the can, are taken to the smokehouse, where they are put on
trays. Extending lengthwise down the middle of the smokehouse
from floor to ceiling are 12 inclosed compartments or chambers, 8 by
12 feet in size. Each of these chambers holds 56 wire trays, 2 by 34
feet in size, divided into groups of 14, placed one above the other.
The bottom tray is 27 feet above the fire and 20 feet below the top of
the building. That part of the chamber holding the trays is about 6
feetin height. There is a ventilator over each chamber extending out
through the roof of the building. A draft hole near the bottom of
each chamber or floor of the building enters the space where the fire
is located. The salmon remain in the chambers about 24 hours,
or a trifle less. The capacity of this smokehouse is 35,000 pounds.
Alder wood was at first used, but it has since been replaced by oak.
This building was built only recently, and it is therefore believed to
possess the most modern ideas.
An advantage to the dealer in smoking the salmon before canning
is that it gives the inferior grades of fish the same color as those of a
higher grade, such as the blueback. The dealers claim that there is
not nearly so much difference in the quality of salmon meat as the
color would seem to imply. In proof of this statement it is said that
fish brokers have been unable to distinguish between smoked chum
and smoked blueback.
105
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
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FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
106
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FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 107
FISHERIES OF OREGON.
While not the least of the three States on the Pacific coast in point
of area, Oregon presents the shortest water front and ranks third in
the extent of its fisheries.
The number of persons employed in the fisheries and fishery
industries of Oregon during the year 1915 was 5,900; of these 23 were
engaged on fishing vessels of 5 tons net or more; 60 on vessels engaged
in transporting fish and fishery products; 4,472 in the shore, or boat,
fisheries; and 1,345 on shore, in canneries, fish houses, etc.
The investment in the fishery industries during the year was
$4,064,151, of which $25,935 was credited to 5 fishing vessels ; $96,034,
to 30 transporting vessels; $582,485 to 1,382 gasoline boats; $69,805
to 1,264 other small boats of various descriptions; $757,170, to all
apparatus used in the fisheries of the State; $2,083,913, to shore and
accessory property; and $448,809, to working cash capital.
The products of the fisheries of the State in 1915 amounted to
34,692,863 pounds, valued at $1,479,021. The various regions con-
tributing to this total are, in the order of their importance, as follows:
Columbia River district, 27,879,438 pounds, valued at $1,271,357;
Rogue River, 1,133,331 pounds, valued at $66,298; Pacific Ocean,
596,059 pounds, valued at $30,415; Tillamook Bay, 1,191,488 pounds,
valued at $24,516; Nehalem River, 893,630 pounds, valued at
$17,493; Umpqua River, 669,663 pounds, valued at $12,425; Coquille
River, 549,804 pounds, valued at $10,914; Siletz River, 310,454
pounds, valued at $9,994; Coos Bay, 348,881 pounds, valued at
$8,411; Nestucca River, 353,059 pounds, valued at $8,207; Alsea Bay,
391,562 pounds, valued at $7,346; Yaquina Bay, 169,560 pounds,
valued at $6,071; Siuslaw River, 117,526 pounds, valued at $2,530;
Chetco River, 43,130, pounds, valued at $2,149; and Necanicum River,
45,278 pounds, valued at $895.
The Columbia River catch is so far in excess of all the other regions
combined as to render it worthy of special mention. The catch in
that river in 1915 amounted to 27,879,438 pounds, valued at
$1,271,357. Of this quantity 27,036,808 pounds, valued at $1,239,001,
over 96 per cent of the total, were salmon, and the greater part of
these, or 20,454,002 pounds, valued at $1,091,156, were chinook
salmon. Theremainder of thesalmon catch was blueback, chum, sil-
ver, and steelhead. Humpback salmon are rarely seen this far south.
Columbia River has what is known as a “spring” run and a “fall”
run of salmon, though the interval between the two seasons is very
limited, the closed period extending only from August 25 to Septem-
ber10. Thespring run of chinook was better in 1915 than for several
years, and the fall run was very good for the first week or two after
the opening of the season, but after that it seemed to diminish. The
bluebacks, which accompany the spring run of chinooks, were so few
in 1915 as to be almost a failure; they seem to have been veryscarce
for two years. The chum salmon, which run from about the middle
of August until late in November, show a fairly good catch for the
year under consideration. The silver salmon usually appear about
midsummer and continue until some time in November; the catch
of silvers was not so good as in past years. The run of steelhead was
about normal.
108 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Commercial fishing in this river covers a distance of 200 miles or
more from the mouth of the river to Celilo Falls, in Wasco County,
but the major portion of the work is done within 40 or 50 miles ofe
the mouth and chiefly with gill nets. Important seine fisheries
are located on the sand bars near Astoria, these grounds being leased
from the Government. Comparativly little pound-net fishing is done
on the Oregon side of the river, this method being used principally
on the Washington side in a widened portion of the river known as
Bakers Bay, located just within the mouth of the river. Fish wheels
are of both the scow and stationary type and are located at various
points on the upper river above the mouth of the Willamette River.
Considered as a whole, the 1915 pack was slightly above the normal,
but the fall pack was light, due to the fact, above stated, that the fall
run of chinook salmon dropped off early.
Considerable quantities of salmon have been mild cured on this
as well as other rivers of Oregon in the past years, mostly for export
to the German trade, but this demand has decreased to such an
extent since the beginning of the European war that the output of
this product has suffered a marked decline. The loss of the foreign
trade, however, has been partly offset by an increased domestic
demand, and it is believed that with proper effort this business can
be made independent of the export trade. ,
During the last year or two a very important troll-line fishery has
been established by the fishermen of Columbia River. This work
is carried on chiefly during the interval between the spring and fall
seasons, when gill-net fishing is prohibited, though some follow it
prior and subsequent to that period. The boats are of an especially
good type, propelled by gasoline engines of suflicient power to enable
them to go out in very rough seas; the fishing is done in the ocean
about 5 or 6 miles from the mouth of Columbia River and sometimes
down as far as Tillamook Head. One boat will sometimes fish as
many as five to seven lines, fixed on outriggers. The troll-line catch
is practically all chinook salmon.
The statistics as to number of persons employed, investment, and
products of the fisheries of Oregon in 1915 are given in the table,
page 51. The yield of the fisheries of the coastal waters of the
State is given in the following table:
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
109
YIELD OF THE FISHERIES OF THE COASTAL WATERS OF OREGON IN 1915.
Gnoci Columbia Necanicum Nehalem Tillamook Nestucca
1SGESy River. River. River. Bay. River.
Pounds. | Value. |Pounds.| Value.|Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.) Value.|Pounds.| Value.
CAND ase. .cuceeaeaaes 50, 000 HY PASS ORE| PSeoees 354 se cal ees oa ae eee eee ames eee See soc
Salmon:
Blueback....-.- Sete OSL LON SES) Bea tem ate|eiioemie lemma lemin ahha ime stn aac) a's sea |'actee mctale | eee nie
Chinook....... . .|20, 454, 002)1, 091, 156).......-|....-.- 371,024) $9,212) 479, 923/$11, 988} 161,901) $4,047
Chums. 2t os: 1, 454, 024 8,391} 3,220 $45) 176,330 883} 290,230) 1,454)......../-..-...
DLIVOE =) ooncticte 2,500,766) 50,248) 42,058 850} 322,632) 6,453) 347,514] 6,953) 174,268) 3,485
Shad. ees seaeete 488, 625 AOE Oe SE een teats ac cote eetae cal celiac ciee|'tocccc2|Scne tocol siemens
Steelhead trout......} 2,290,989] 72,358|........|....... 23,644 945/ 5,261} 211) 16,890) 675
Sturgeon: <.5-2...--- 97,7 OLE eee leretete tae leis siya eerie aerate ata, ais ca 'ollo minis mroinie botee mtemaa
Tomcodssovese- as PPT oF MEU Mae eel oe BSS Se oer halen Sec sae Deer SeeHEE ee eee soc
TETAS SOL posers ose | yn wie eee rein se aes marae is | ieee al eiaemaliaomate= 165,560)\° 2, 2850-30 2 bos eee
WOE GIS 5s ot a AS a) Oe ing eas (ae rere La Rl PO ea sl Sopa mete Rt |i Ab ae SA O00| 16258295 2b) 2c ee
Crawfish............ 133 2'7,20 [MO yz ee snl Be etl gare Sel are Sra eS ae eI
Motel a.22-nen oa anes 895) 893, 630) 17, 4931, 191, 488 24,516 Ber) 8, 207
Species. Siletz River. | Yaquina Bay.| Alsea Bay. Siuslaw River. | Umpqua River.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value}.Pounds.| Value|.Pounds.| Value}. Pownds.| Value
IN GREG RNG ee eee eee 1, 965 $40 | asec Caste coeeeceen =< |acergee [Seecbp sacl inaa= se.
15 (One viae at Ee ed oe ol Ee ey Pee 10, 500) Ph ee Lene Ben eee es SSCL ee ose aaa Soe es Samoa Mee oe ee
IBCs es ee ies Si cell ATU Ji1)*030)| Met OBO | acer peice ces eS eestees, 22] eam yy ae 2 2a oe ee
Salmon:
Chinook......... 167,064] $8,197/ 44,328] 1,601] 206,615] $4,124] 33,180] $829] 112,923] $2, 265
Chum! 252) 2.2 36, 720 1G) ern Sante 16, 225 Sahara ke eee chee 5, 130 40
Silver: Leone. 106,670) 1,612} 43,420} 1,085] 99,960] 1,500| 83,306] 1,670] 548,610] 10,000
SMBUS ee OSes ores eekeemeca teers 3, 500) ADL Mae eal enone n| seosaaess|pestem an lemmas ce sere ce te
NppeerG ChOUbecee ee eee ele ae cto nic apierctewtel| em arate oa 1, 200 48 1,040 31 3,000 120
Clams softens Se |b Biss Ses Eeeas 330) 49 430 CE a seneebor pabeces | aaeme saa Aamo nex
Oysters, native,mar-
(EUs Af ars CRS Rae (ee eee ea |S a 1,547 PDD Saar Caen ebeeeas Lae gue a Stlincs acc loceess «eas eee
COTp 2) CE Cn eas Se ea rE |e ree 525040)! 20 ACS 4 eG7, Lace oh O20) same nee opera eine non atieaheee eee
Total..........| 310,454) 9,994! 169,560] 6,071| 391,562) 7,346] 117,526] 2,530] 669,663] 12,425
Species. Coos Bay. | Coquille River.; Rogue River. | Chetco River. Total.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.) Value.| Pounds.| Value.|Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value.
[ CHV Sere an eeeetaeg ne Sean Ae nek SES Seen [Gates | Se Seal | <ieera Cee (eae 50, 000 $750
TM eet Fgh ae ee ebay Reese (eet ae! | areas lee [Sse San Fac ee Fever 1, 965) 40
Bipip ini gs sete ere er Noe ech | ees ea ol on adap honetats-d\logscc2|seeeeee|-seces 10, 500) 263
PEC EME eene sep een ae nse alocenets (ecinceccleconewelle cae aagotal cee aucclacer sacs bccleaten 11, 930 360
Salmon:
[EEE AC Kee 7 it oP cee IS ee eS eee Sl EL a eee ea Sine | eae aoe a ree a 337,027! 16,848
Chinook......... 132, 177| $3,304) 207, 138] $5, 467|1, 081, 457|$65,001| 30,560) $1, 833)23, 482, 292/1, 209, 024
CUNT ce Da ee || Soames ei mE On sie ey NS ord (neg Sone (ga 1,981,879] 11,081
Silverman tu: 181,450) 3,629] 330,046] 5,049) 51,874) 1,297] 12,270| 306] 4,844,844] 94, 137
acta cee enor aed Pees 2) |SS oe SO peas Ol emer! b aehe Rees ee Ok ell Ae cmon ler Ame 488, 625 4,945
ESTE aYe) SE RR Rg (eg EY a ae fe Sr ee ee ee ee on aes ee oe 3,500 175
Steelhead trout..... 10,914 435) 12,620) Ce Aen ae) ei aa 300 10} 2,365,858) 75,231
SU EAN CSTD aes eet aoe | Serpe eae les RN maT N A a at aed ede A lh nee Seale. pee J lad Jee 97, 785 5,014
LUCIE TS 1S 2 te OR ater | EA ttl art a) (bs beer Bl [nin nal eed eneae | Inge aha 5 sae bee oN ile 22,500 900
Clams, soft.......... 5, 140 GAB eee eae Seal iSae ce cele Sotiaee | ea csc ene cee 22, 460 3, 041
Oysters, native, mar-
LG) esos bacco! ne Se Pers Pee el seen | Ae aay PS sees | (Re ee | Dea mca (aa 1,547 725
1) ae Sie erie EET RAE) Rees Cie Roan MSGi en Su Sam bie eg 190,372} _5,325
(QoS ANS aod a asc poe Pa dU a tL a a fi a le Pt et Yi i (tal 183,720] 20, 747
otalsses 3 a 348, 881] 8,411) 549, 804] 10, 914/1, 133, 331] 66,298] 43,130] 2, 149]34, 096, 804/1, 448, 606
FISHERIES BY COUNTIES.
The commercial fisheries of Oregon were prosecuted in 15 counties
during the year 1915. This number includes every county on Colum-
bia River from the mouth up to and including Wasco County at
Celilo Falls, several counties on Willamette River, a tributary of
Columbia River, every county on the coast, and also Josephine County,
which, though located inland, has a run of salmon in Rogue River
110 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
which passes through the county en route to the ocean. In consider-
ing the fisheries of the various counties they will be taken up accord-
ing to their rank as regards the value of the catch.
Clatsop County.—This county, with its extensive salmon-canning
industry, located at Astoria, ranks far above any other in the State.
The catch for the year was 22,676,724 pounds, valued at $1,039,955.
The great bulk of this catch was salmon, with chinook far in excess
of the others; the catch of chinook was 16,167,867 pounds, valued at
$886,585. Next to the salmon, the most important catch was razor
clams, of which 77,200 pounds, valued at $10,900, were taken on the
coast. The fisheries here support five canneries, all located at Asto-
ria, on Columbia River; four of them also canned small quantities
of shad and shad roe in 1915.
Several of the firms also froze small quantities of salmon, shad,
shad roe, and sturgeon. Six clam canneries were operated on the
ocean side of this county in 1915, but the pack was not up to normal
because the clams seem to have been on the decrease for several
years. One of the canneries also packed a very small lot of salmon.
Considerable crab fishing has been done from Astoria during the last
few years. The greater part of this work is done from January to
June, and during the early part of this period it is frequently too
rough for the boats to reach the crab-fishing grounds, which are loca-
ted principally beyond the Columbia River bar at the mouth of the
river; they often go as far as 15 to 20 miles when crab fishing. But
for this obstacle greater effort would undoubtedly have been made
in this line. The crabs are taken with a sort of dip net or hoop net,
made of cotton twine, hung on iron hoops, two hoops to each net,
placed one above the other, about a foot apart; the nets are sunk
and buoyed so that they may be located easily.
The most important form of apparatus in Clatsop County is the
gill net, the catch of which was 14,607,184 pounds, valued at $641,041;
the great bulk of this was salmon, with small quantities of shad and
sturgeon. Seines occupy the next place in point of importance, the
catch with these being 6,024,288 pounds, valued at $302,764. The
line and pound-net fisheries also add considerable quantities to the
salmon catch of this county.
The investment of Clatsop County was $2,076,577, an amount
greater than that of all the other counties combined.
Columbia Oounty.—This county ranked second in the value of the
catch, but the amount invested was less than in some other counties.
This is probably due to the fact that some of the other counties have
canneries, and these buildings add considerably to the investment,
while Columbia County has no canneries or fish houses of any kind,
except a small wholesale fresh-fish house at Rainier. Practically all
the fish caught by the fishermen of this county are sold to the canner-
ies at Astoria. The catch amounted to 2,711,569 pounds, valued
at $114,911. The investment for the year was $176,162, this amount
consisting chiefly of the value of gasoline boats and gill nets.
This county adjoins Clatsop County and borders on that part of the
Columbia River where the fishing grounds are especially prolific, and,
as in the latter county, owes its importance principally to the gill-net
fisheries, the catch by these nets being 2,317,982 pounds, valued at
$83,179. Of this amount 1,835,441 pounds, valued at $76,154,
represent chinook salmon alone, the remainder being made up of
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 111
other salmon and small quantities of shad and sturgeon. The pound-
net catch of this county consisted entirely of salmon. The seine
catch ranked next to that of the pound nets and was made up of sal-
mon and carp. The only carp fishery in the State during 1915 was
located in this county on Willamette River Slough. The catch of
carp amounted to 50,000 pounds, valued at $750, and a part of it
was sent to New York. hice fishes are said to be very plentiful in
this section, but there is very little demand for them. Some crawfish
are also taken from this slough, though this fishery has suffered a
decrease during the last year or two.
Curry County.—The total catch of the fisheries of this county during
1915 was 1,086,283 pounds, valued at $63,035, this being the third
county in point of importance. This position is due to the fact that
Rogue River, which produces the great bulk of the catch, has both
a spring and fall run of salmon. Small catches are also taken from
Chetco River, but this stream is comparatively unimportant. Rogue
River flows from Crater Lake in the western part of Klamath County,
entirely through Jackson and Josephine Counties, and enters Curry
County at the northeastern corner, flowing in a southwesterly direc-
tion through the center of the county to the ocean, and, with the ex-
ception of Columbia River, is the longest stream which we have to
consider. Commercial fishing extends from the mouth up to Grants
Pass, located in Josephine County. The fishermen on the lower
river are handicapped because of the lack of shipping facilities and
are compelled to depend entirely on vessels; the two canneries located
just within the mouth of the river get practically the entire catch of
the lower-river fishermen, but those fishing the upper reaches in
Josephine County have access to the railroad at Grants Pass and
considerable quantities go from that point in the fresh state. The
catch of the county consisted entirely of salmon, all of which were taken
with gill nets and seines, the gill-net catch being 660,523 pounds,
eilinéd at $38,992, and the seine catch, 425,760 pounds, valued at
$24,043. The Chetco River catch usually goes to a small cannery
located in northern California, as this is more accessible than the plants
in Oregon. The investment in the fisheries of Curry County during
the year was $111,891. In addition to canned salmon this county
produced a small quantity of mild-cured chinook.
Multnomah County.—This county, with a catch of 1,165,488
pounds, valued at $62,232, ranked fourth in the value of its fisheries
and presents a variety of fish exceeded only by Clatsop and Lincoln
Counties, although it 1s located a considerable distance up Columbia
River. Several fishing vessels operated by a firm located in Port-
land added a number of species to the list, as cod, halibut, sablefish, and
rockfish, all of which were taken by lines. The chief form of ap-
paratus used by the fishermen of this county was the gill net, witha
catch of 746,724 pounds, valued at $36,577, consisting mostly of
chinook salmon. The catch of crawfish, amounting to 95,000
pounds, valued at $10,735, was the nextinimportance. These fishes
were taken in small traps similar in construction to an eelpot. The
wheel fisheries of this county have been quite important in past
years, though the catch was rather light in 1915; the 18 wheels
owned in the county, valued at $64,800, show a catch of only 161,411
pounds, valued at $7,543.
Las FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
The investment during the year was $870,944; this is exceeded
only by Clatsop County, and the large amount is invested chiefly
in the buildings used mm the wholesale fishery trade, the cannery
located on the Willamette River in Portland, and three canneries
on the Columbia River side of the county. The amount invested
in fishing apparatus is comparatively small. This county has quite
important seine fisheries on Columbia River, but the catch in the
year under consideration was negligible. One of the canneries on
the Columbia packed some shad and shad roe, and some salmon
was mild pe salted, and smoked in Portland.
Tillamook County.—Although this county has three bodies of water
in which commercial fisheries are prosecuted, the catch during 1915
was sufficient to give it only fifth place in the value of its fishery
products as compared with other counties. The catch amounted
to 2,438,177 pounds, valued at $50,216, and was made up chiefly of
chinook salmon, the bulk of which were taken in gill nets. The run
of chum and silver salmon was also very eucll in this county.
Tillamook Bay is the most productive body of water in the county,
having a catch of 1,191,488 pounds, valued at $24,516; this catch
consisted of salmon, soft clams, and crabs, the bulk of it being sal-
mon. ‘Two salmon canneries are located at Bay City and one at
Tillamook; a small clam cannery has recently been established at
the latter place and handles practically all the clams taken at this
point. There is also a mild-curing establishment at Bay City.
Nehalem River is the second in importance in the county; the
catch was entirely salmon and amounted to 893,630 pounds, valued
at $17,492. It is practically all handled at the two canneries on
the river at aetinclae and Nehalem. One plant put up a small
uantity of mild-cured chinook salmon. The remaining cannery of
his county is located on Nestueca River, where the catch is wholly
salmon and amounted to 353,059 pounds, valued at $8,207, in 1915.
The fishing on this, as well as Nehalem River, is all done with gill
nets. One of the plants on the Nestucca put up a very small lot of
mild-cured chinook salmon.
Although Tillamook County has six salmon canneries and one
clam cannery, the investment is comparatively small, because the
buildings are inexpensive, the total investment for the year being
$269,938.
Wasco County.—This county, though located a _ considerable
distance up the Columbia River, occupies a prominent position
among the fishing counties of the State. Jt ranked sixth in the value
of its fisheries and supports quite an important salmon cannery.
The catch amounted to 973,475 pounds, valued at $44,757, mostly
salmon, with chinooks predominating. Of this catch 838,888
pounds, valued at $40,871, which is 86 per cent of the total quantity,
were taken in fish wheels, 9 of which, valued at $43,000, were oper-
ated by the fishermen of this county., In addition to salmon, the
wheels took a small quantity of sturgeon. The seine fishing of
this county is comparatively light and the gill-net fishing is negligible.
As previously stated, commercial fishing on the Oregon side of
Columbia River does not extend above Celilo Falls, which is located
in this county. Some of the fish wheels are located here, and the
catch is usually very good. A considerable number of salmon are
caught by the Indians, who stand on the rocks at the falls and spear
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. Lis
the fish en route up the river for spawning. The Indians become
very expert at this work, and many of them secure a sufficient
supply of fish to last them through the winter. The fish are hung
in the open and cured by the simple process of drying. The preser-
vation of fish thus cured by the Indians is generally assured, and is
said to be superior to any dried fish produced by the white man.
The greater part of the salmon taken by. the fishermen of this county
were canned, and a small lot was mild-cured. The investment of
the county for the year was $139,125, the value of the cannery and
the value of the wheels making up the major portion of the amount.
Clackamas County.—This county, located on Willamette River,
had a catch of 397,398 pounds, valued at $26,744, aes the year
1915. Although it is located quite a distance inland and supports
no canneries or wholesale fish houses, it ranked seventh among the
fishery counties of the State, which is due to the very extensive run
of salmon in Willamette River. The greater part of the salmon are
taken with gill nets, but a considerable number are taken by trolling
below the falls at Oregon City. This is a comparatively recent in-
dustry, having been established only about six years ago. It is
said that hundreds of small rowboats may be seen some days during
the season, a considerable number of them being sportsmen coming
from Portland and other points along the river for a day’s outing.
The law permits them to take only three fish to a man during one
day, and the fish are so numerous that it is very easy to secure this
number. The trolling season is in the spring, beginning early in
March and continuing until early May, when the gill-net season is
on. The catch, however, is negligible prior to April, and the fish
do not seem to “strike” well after the first week m May. Practi-
cally no fishing is done above the falls, although some fish go over
the fishway located there. The line catch is all chinook salmon.
Some few silver and steelhead are found in this river in the fall, but
only a very small catch of the latter is reported for the year, these
being taken in gill nets. The sportsmen sometimes catch a few
steelhead by line fishing in the fall. The only other species taken in
this county is the crawfish; some of these are taken in Tualatin
River, a small stream tributary to the Willamette River. The invest-
ment of the county for the year was $10,456. About 50 per cent
of the gill-net catch is taken to Columbia River canneries by run
boats, and the remainder goes to the wholesale fish trade in Port-
land. A considerable part of the line catch also goes to Portland.
Lincoln County —The commercial fisheries of this county are sup-
pores by three waters, Alsea Bay, Siletz River, and Yaquina Bay.
he total catch amounted to 931,931 pounds, valued at $25,496, this
value giving it eighth place among the fishing counties of the State.
The Alsea Diy catch was 391,562 pounds, valued at $7,346. The
any bulk of this was salmon, taken in gill nets, and practically all
andled at the two canneries at Lutgens and Waldport, one of which
also packed some of the crabs caught here. The Siletz River catch
amounted to 310,454 pounds, valued at $9,994, and consisted wholly
of salmon, the greater part of which was taken with gill nets and a
small portion with seines. Practically all of this salmon is handled
at the cannery located at Taft, near the mouth of the river. The
fisheries of Yaquina Bay region present a greater variety than the
114 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
other sections of the county. The total for this region amounted
to 169,560 pounds, valued at $6,071, and, in addition to salmon,
included soft clams and crabs and small quantities of flounders,
herring, perch, smelt, and oysters, this being the only place in the
State where the last-named five species are taken commercially. The
output of oysters, which were all native, market stock, was only
221 bushels, with a value of $725. Attempts have been made to
cultivate the eastern oyster in this bay, but the results were rather
discouraging. The fishermen of this region are fortunate in having
good shipping facilities to Portland and other inland cities, and
practically the entire catch is sent out by rail.
This is one of the three counties of the State maintaining fishing
vessels, although only two of these were operated in 1915, their
catch consisting of halibut and ‘‘lingcod.” The investment of this
county amounted to $141,553.
Coos County.—The fishery products of this county during 1915
amounted to 936,445 pounds, valued at $21,408; thus it ranked ninth
in the value of the catch. The bulk of this was salmon taken by gill
nets, the guentity being 684,439 pounds, valued at $14,519; 189,906
pounds of salmon, valued at $3,763, were taken by seines._ The
fisheries of the county are located on Coos Bay and Coquille River.
One salmon cannery is located on the bay at Marshfield, and, in
addition to the canning, it also prepared a small quantity of mild-
cured salmon. Some soft clams and crabs are also taken in this
region. Several small boats from Coos Bay were engaged in ocean
fishing with trawl lines for halibut, rockfishes, ‘‘lingcod,” and sea
bass, but this fishery was not extensive. Only gill nets and seines
are used on Coquille River, and the catch was wholly salmon, which
were packed at the canneries located at Prosper and Bandon, one at
each place. This region is without railroad service and is therefore
handicapped in regard to shipping facilities, depending entirely on
vessels. The investment of Coos, County durig the year was
$116,227.
Hood River County.—This county is located quite a distance up
Columbia River, between Multnomah and Wasco Counties, and owes
its importance as a fishing center to the seine fishery located at
Cascade Locks. It ranked tenth among the counties in the value of
the fisheries for the year; the total catch amounted to 459,046 pounds,
valued at $20,311, all salmon with the exception of 1,500 pounds of
sturgeon, valued at $50. The seine catch amounted to 422,046
pounds, valued at $18,501, which was nearly 92 per cent of the total
catch for the county. Some gill nets are fished in this county, but
this apparatus is of minor importance. This county has no canneries
or fish houses, and the salmon are sold to canneries located in other
counties on the river. The investment of this county for the year
was $5,070.
Douglas County.—This county, although the sixth largest in the
State, has less than 20 miles of coast line, but the largest river in
the State, with the exception of Columbia River, is located entirely
within its confines. This river, the Umpqua, is formed by the junc-
tion of the north and south forks near Roseburg and is the only water
in the county furnishing commercial fishing. The entire catch was
salmon, taken in gill nets, and amounted to 669,663 pounds, valued
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES TLS
at $12,425. Two salmon canneries were operated on the Umpqua
River in 1915, one at Gardiner and the other at Reedsport, and these
handled practically all the salmon taken from the river; only a few
tierces being mild cured. The investment during the year was
$93,444,
Washington County.—This county ranked twelfth in the value of
its fisheries in 1915. The total catch was 48,420 pounds, valued at
$5,474, and consisted entirely of crawfish, all of which were taken in
traps fished in Tualatin River, which is a branch of the Willamette
River. The traps are very similar to an eelpot; they are made of
cotton twine, about 14-inch mesh, covering a small, round iron frame.
The demand for crawfish is said to have decreased considerably since
the prohibition law went into effect, as most of them were handled
by the saloon trade. The season is from March 1 to November 1,
and the best catches are made during June and again in September
and October. The crawfish buries itself in the mud during the winter.
The investment in this county was only $640, the least, with one
exception, in the State.
Josephine County.—This is the only county in the State: not border-
ing on the productive waters of Columbia River or on the coast that
supports commercial fisheries. It owes its place among the fishing
counties to the fact that Rogue River passes entirely through it
before entering CurryCounty. The fishing extends up as far asGrants
Pass, near the eastern border of Josephine County, and a considerable
part of the catch of the county is shipped by rail from that point in
the fresh state. The catch was all salmon, amounted to 90,178
pounds, valued at $5,412, and was all taken in gill nets. The invest-
ment was all in gill nets and boats and amounted to $3,278.
Lane County.—This county has considerable area, but, like Douglas
County, has a very short coast line, and the catch of fish is compara-
tively small. It was all taken from Siuslaw River and amounted to
117,526 pounds, valued at $2,530. The only form of apparatus used
was gill nets. One cannery, located at Florence on the Siuslaw,
handles practically all the salmon. The investment of $48,590 was
mostly in the cannery building.
Yamhill County.—The output of this county was the least of all
the fishing counties of the State. The product consisted entirely of
crawfish, amounting to 5,300 pounds, valued at $588. All were taken
from Yamhill River, tributary to the Willamette, in traps similar to
those noted under Washington County. The investment for the
county was only $256.
116
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Persons ENGAGED, INVESTMENT, AND PRODUCTS OF THE FISHERIES OF OREGON
IN 1915, BY COUNTIES.
Clackamas. Clatsop. Columbia. Coos.
|
PERSONS ENGAGED.
Number.| Value.| Number. | Value. | Number.| Value. |Number.| Value.
On vessels fishing. Jo. 253) So st sie lo ose = Boece bee ret ascleee dee eoeloen areeee eee
On vessels transporting... .|........-|-..---.- BE BERR 2 Rae 4) 5 diene
In shore fisheries.......-..-- AZO eee ee ce 200! ne ee ce eM ees ete 288..| ace
On shore, in canneries, etc..|.....----|.------- 080) 2 se 20! Roser 86. |S ssa
Totals: sities essc- 1203) eee= = SELON ee ae see = PAR fu ete See 378! |Lascocse
INVESTMENT.
Vessels fishing. saeesntaclon cnc Sain'se | emir asc 1 $5; 0003) cccees solos. oudl | See ec eee A
GUMALO alate aan cee ea|ee oie ole ete aiaat 18) SSSA os] sceesescesh cre ccess heme eee eee
OU team aresae | Se soccees ene qacee peaqeCosse> S00 nine nts cl Se fs See See eee
VeSSEIS transpOrding=<s oe ces|cmsceea |= === 17 51, 300 1] $4,000 2) $6,500
(a De = eee a ee Aaa Se assnb LOZ Sete ee LON SB s28 3 I REE
Outhiteere nn. 23- eee peso anes aeoeee oleae cess 1, G00 Ne srs-22 5 300) sae oes 400
Boats:
Gasoline ca. ses-e eno a-e | =e eee eee 843 | 396,900 221 | 77,7 11, 100
Sail, row, etc.....-.-.-- 104 | $3,600 220 22, 695 74
Apparatus, vessel fisheries:
HE INOS sve cae een sg oe iota eterno’ = | teeisiam alee et mem amats 90
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
SienrGS) cabs somos ddeesnod Searaaso | Ssoeas- 43 23, 500
WEN SENG VAEGS see.) ema erl| eee eens 21 430) ces qocace
Gillinets; 252-7: Seep ae 210 | 5,950 1,605 | 389,325
Length in yards.-..-| 13,900 |.......- 750; 490 || a8
IRound me tse sees aosees| oe eee Pecos 28 19, 600
(Hoop Meise strane aes Sac eae ee 620 905
Pots and traps---..--.- 240 156 8 160
Ines eee eee eee Eee eale eee 250) aeeaee eee 1,000
Tongs, Noes; CtC_ <2 = 35) nia = om eel = = ciate min| inom niece 320
Shore and accessory
EODCEL yeeeee eee ee seeee ree O00) Seeeinaenis 1, 020, 082
Cashvean ital zeceseem=ns| saree eee seeere ee easements 137, 800
MNO ccse ce seemones| aces 10456). 22-2 eae: = 2,076, 577
Carpeesccu--
Halibut
Herring... ---
“‘ Lingcod’’...
ROCKHSHOS Re aces seek cates |eene. ace =
Salmon:
Bluebae
wee e ee ee ee eee eens
6, 832 : O08 Ih ee oe ee
47,811 | 67,485| 13355 | 511,496 8, 681
"446,093 | 4512 |} 32/385 |... S3klocd8e ee
59,507 | 136,007 | 3,979 | 23,534 934
3,696 | 7,91 307 1.2: .: Beles
Teenie Eames aris een heey ¢ 5,140 643
10/900) 2.1 Estee ans ee ee
82480 ve home tee pee 19, 200 400
Chat sap ba AN 30,000.) 3, 8001. 2 o.22|- cones
22,676,724 |1, 039, 955 |2,711,569 | 114,911 | 936,445 | 21,408
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
nh,
Persons ENGAGED, INVESTMENT, AND PRopucts oF THE FISHERIES OF OREGON
IN 1915, py CountTrEsS—Continued.
Curry. Douglas. Hood River. Josephine.
PERSONS ENGAGED.
Number.| Value. | Number. | Value. | Number.| Value. | Number.| Value.
On’ yesselsitransporting-<=.-|-22-.----.|2-.s.sec2 Pa pce Ces] BDAC CREE MEEHeEnre bene codecs ono -
In shore fisheries-...-..-..-- TGS # | Soixce mee ae teeiencne ne OU | Sseteonte 2 Nesey ete
On shore, in canneries, etc... O2 eee ems Ge EREeSee ae oie om «jal tescra ee | aes
Totalenanser ses ce 20450) alee Se PAL 1) Ree Gee cba ars iera 2 - 22))| eee
INVESTMENT. 5
WVessealsitransporting 2.5.51). nice acanc|asecoceee Urea ROU a Beart con cents screse'll< Sals.< s ciciac| Serene
PROMMALZO Sasa a) joe mame ca laeacicteice =| aeaiaeeees rl sete |e ceicietutens <5 Cre icieiecsie'siail a = 2 calcite Gerona
OUbhte cee ase cmcsccens| se osccscies|Gacec onlee|emesic cn ces COD Pease aseae Saboseoes beesee seed Se. cosc-
Boats:
Gasolinetc...-.0-2cs-4e- 5 | $1,700 36! 9,300 AAS 1e DOO | x cette eae sere
Sail) row, 6UGl2e 55-624 - 82 22557 TD, 1875 14 1,420 22 $638
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
INES ter -eecet a eel 6 POU DHSS aS Shel Meseaene 2 (Wh Rees seocaa Basses 2
Length in yards.... 21 OO) | oem tie eee conte acl seeee eae 15 O00! s|2.< wi. eis te | Cee cine Beers ce
Gillmetsiss-osseeeee este 159 8, 680 276 | 13,070 23 1, 550 22 2,640
Length in yards....!| 15,310 |........- 28; 140)\|- oes. PETPADN ae Sec 5; DODI|-neseae
Shore and accessory
RS het. SeeSRase| MaSoseaaae G81054 [Cote ccs BLO te eee ee ee ceumees cane ane | sere etc
Cashicapital ica: cmon (nec corice =| 28,000 ise ce cee os 15000) | SA oes eh soe © 3c] ce cee ee eee
Motel eee ae tae eeanae (see cee TOE SOs Pee O35 AAAs Pele see BOTON prea 8,27:
PRODUCTS,
Salmon: Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pownds.| Value. | Pownds. | Value.
Bie baCkKcescsses nc aces |S ce nese ciseeeees alse seo stel ss wee esc 6, 760 S558) | Ayes en Pee
Chingoks re ssneacsece 1,021,839 | $61,422 | 112,923 | $2,265 | 324,780 | $16,279 90,178 | $5,412
CURT Ves pains erat Ae ea pat a aoe lb 5, 180 A ae cota eres osresesal inns cee ee
DUVOR ca oes es eee ee 64, 144 1,603 | 548,610 | 10,000 13,614 PR ig eae oN Oe [eps Se eee
Steelhead trout.-..-........- 300 10 3,000 120 |} 112,392 Baya ll ara ae se beeeae ae
REUNCCOL cece arse a eee ee cel ie ies eines aie se mente stale eerccktetoel acca tte 1,500 OH | 2 Bees | Se eres
Motaleesaseee sasce eos 1,086,283 | 63,035 | 669, 663 | 12,425 | 459, 046 | 20, 311 90,178 5, 412
118 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Persons ENGAGED, INVESTMENT, AND PropucTs OF THE FISHERIES OF OREGON
IN 1915, By CountTrES—Continued.
Lane. Lincoln. Multnomah. Tillamook.
PERSONS ENGAGED.
Number.| Value.| Number.| Value.| Number. | Value.| Number. | Value.
On'-vesselsifishine--.- 2-225 -|oo uu eeeeleeees oes Sila=aessee 16 |.2--2-2 2] -0 56 ceo. ee See
On vessels transporting...-- 044 meen (Steamer el eoae ame 16 | 2. 252. e ee ccle cess =| eee eeeeee
In shore fisheries. --......-- 107 este S B42) ta dese eee 154) | 2am 339 |. 22 oeeee
On shore, in canneries, etc.. De acne 1 Gel ees sace TGSN Ee sect 128) |< ooo -
Motaleerscceterccoesee I BS 3e | pees S 42D |Sasaeees 5), eee 467 |ooseecee
INVESTMENT.
Wesselswishingss spe seer cs! |e caescecce|zesasece 2 | $3,200 2) 1$14,450 | 52. sae eee
MONACO ase en ee ens nese eeeecelnees cae. PPD | ese rye BFW Spoeee lpocicocences jose coc -
Out oes Fa sees tele wesez as feemcseeens S85) te see c noose 2,900 |. ssc. eeenecleeeeees 5
Vessels transporting........ Dt} F$25000 | 202. = Seeee|eesee ane 8:] 18;384 |. cos eee
ROWE Cs oe= ae semcinixiels 1D Fl SoeSecad longeeee | |ss scons) lew ski ISGeGS5e4 SuocGesced-)20casc2-
Outhitre ee enet etc ceet|eesecewcee PAL ES Beso coe! |acooceor SCucoonnaose 2; 900'|Decccece ease eee
Boats:
Gasolinertis:s<c--ot see 16 | 2,400 10} 4,935 110 | 42,750 81 | $31,900
Sail} row, (ete: oe secee ee 33 990 242; 6,630 43; 1,235 204 5,395
Apparatus, vessel fisheries:
pines tes a eee ctw 4c | heteter eels epee eae Bea omoeece ZOO Ae See wae a8 6605-25027] oeeeeeee
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
WINES: {0 ct soee ee. cseee| eee aceeceleaseen= 4 550 2] 1,500 2 1,000
ihenethin yards:.=.|-ocss-02--| ese eee G40 sc ccee O00) Esmee ee 360) | ieee = =.2e
Gillictse ee eee 142 | 5,500 318 | 23, 240 138 | 32,600 542| 31,090
Lengthin yards....}| 11,000 |......-.- v1 {Uh ae eet 485320) |e so smese 59,640 |........
Pound Mets-24 52 le sas aoe | oon econ ee eeelneeeeree 1 200/15. 320205 coomeeee
Pots and irapSees cee -|eeeeee aces | ence a 1,800} 1,800 1,860 | 1,209 240 450
IWNGCIS sso Soe epee: ceaoe mee [oe oe ose aa omeeeellaemnccee 18 | 64,800 |. ...cceancelecomeeee
TINGS as wee. Sees eae ete | eee eee sceeasoeee 68). cc25clece] 2st. 25 ines ccee cease
SROHES HOGS, ClCke emer e aloes sees | sistema aes eee VSOR| 2s See see | oe aecmecleneeeeentas 27
Shore and accessory
DLOPERG Yo =e sence | eereceeeee 27-500) | wisscecese G2e(LOilll| aac eecioe 560397 ||| 220 cdeasee 149, 076
Cash'capitalss soe teense eee LOROOO! Pees sess BiSOOON Ee ee eae ce 118° 300!| ee eeeeoses 51,000
Moball e senes S Boas A) eas eee 4870900 crete iaieere TEU 5DS | Sceee Sees S 870944). 3. etre 269, 938
PRODUCTS.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value
COS ee as esas eee aes | Sesion = eee eeeen beers 14, 400 S288 il. mc cecs-c=|eoeeeeee
MOVING ers sa ee a eae 1,965 S40 isos ces 5-52 | ent <2 20 ole eee eee eee
PEG] DIlt See te ae oe enc eae aes aaron 58,485 | $2,056 68,684] 3, 4345). .5 20.52 s|eeeeee :
EVRA ee Se yen aa yee see a or 10, 500 263) live coscuwwaies | cites acon tect eee eee eee
ee EIT COU? Bie eye tye we UWA aes Ase Se aS oes 1, 870 294 soe Socccidlile soe see) siecle ee eens ee eee
ONCie eee anwioe aoe sate cecal inam cee ene| seen ea 11, 930 Bie 08 Peeesaeseen| | ssacsaea lsoosagonsac|ets---.-
IROCKMSIMOS Soe eos cleiee eset oa | econ noes al oumingsadleeceeeet oe] oceraeee 1,000 Pal) Bee eee Soon |oso 2c -
Dablenshs ssc scccosan ose cce|faacec coc | Saeeae oe leeececenee|tpemeaee 15, 520 388 |. ss<inateenlSeateeee
Salmon:
ISG) 0:0 oe ee! Panel ee oer | ae ee ee eae 105,,443' | 5,270) |. -2-.-2-55|eeeeee
Chincok 22s seats 33,180 | $829] 418,007 | 13,922] 764,834 | 38,826 | 1,012,848 | $25, 247
Chm ee eee = a Mae See 52,945 D268 Woo dates 2B ae nase cee 466, 560 2,337
Silver sic eee. A 83,306 | 1,670} 250,050] 4,197 3,792 78| 844,414| 16,891
MAG ee tesa cece codecs cece dl cede. so eel Sowcac| secrete ceeen ees 10, 147 102} |\scci= = <ce=3| eee
cits) lee aan RSA RO ROR pEr eSeeaE ned SArsosee 3, 500 T75T ocicsetee sl oe smaeies | neater eecisiee| aaa
Steelhead trout...........-. 1,040 31 1, 200 48 77,442 | 2,558 45,795 1, 831
DUUTPCON saeco sas cates eos or ad mee ese eae ceceecns| tice ae heresies 9, 226 S33 Pogeesensae ececoc 3°
(OI Tash Di S{0) i nep-ea ee op epee eS ROMER A, [eee ee 760 TASH eS Sastelise sees 16, 560 2,285
Oysters, native, market .-..|-.-.---.<:|ss------ 1,547 (PAs eee ee Snameese | eoscosse Aon nic
CTADSer ae foe oe come ro eee cuca Metenclces de ose 1195172), 185300) ces- seers es |s eee 52,000 1,625
TA WHSO: ccecccecceee ances | noeeescee spomter eet oaeeee ree teens 95, 000'|| 10, 785 )\}..2. 22. -5--s|beeeeeee
opel es MS oes 117,526 | 2,530] 931,931 | 25,496 | 1,165,488 | 62,232 | 2,438,177 | 50,216
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
9
Persons ENGAGED, INVESTMENT, AND Propucts or THE FISHERIES OF OREGON
IN 1915, By CounTIEs—Continued.
Wasco. Washington | Yamhill Total.
PERSONS ENGAGED.
Number.| Value. | Nwmber.| Value. | Number. Number Value
_ On vessels fishing........
On vessels transporting. -
In shore fisheries .....-.-.--
On shore, in canneries, etc..
Totalsest Ae. s en. see ss
INVESTMENT
WESSEIO TiS eb beVee oe oe Oe lS ee eee ee noc seco cote el paceeccd [soecses 54 [em Sater $22,650
STITT ee ee tee ee | eens Meee eee em ertane|meeisneats|'Scecetmiell 1” CS: iene ene sme
OED eee ae ae | See et ak] erste eo ere teteinete | ran abit teleiciclatinn<| Secissnebleceemenwcsec 3, 285
IMOSSOIS CLATISDORMIN Penne easel seem aren en | pectsinisee lee a eisee | Seite aaa] seraimeie/ai>||femieinimin 84, 184
VINTEC, cond cedee@as aed loaShoceend pcontaos Beqsoo tes neseeade Honerbuos [soc ocrs (a taal lm 4 alemeomm ecco.
QUIT = Sasemeeos odoanac |Eesent cag Wea00edd Ses S8s5os (Sea eeeeq SeecesoRn lets. 008 lScorooormrct 11, 850
Boats:
GaSdH nase eee ee Supa SOOM elo cs eae Gece ce celeccacicesc| wean 582, 485
Dail row, OtCs S255. 5 =, 69, 805
Apparatus, vessel fisheries:
Apparatus, shore fisheries:
Ines ee ees Aree Oall | POON toi woke oto eecs llvcatea ice Ss) steele soso 35, 125
Length in yards.... (GU seme HecQS aaa acaaened maceboces Mecrocee 315090) |* soaseee se
Gillmigtse: ss-2< hones 9 3 fy | Se Ne |e ee | ee eae 3, 877 582, 740
Length in yards. an YP BAe eo) RNa | Soret eo Se ee a eee 10945290" som es -
Pouridmnetsse- 2 soscn. 2 G00} ere at re 39 22,700
PELOO atric (ae ee | ee eee eel Coetomen mans edlee SS sb acl cee os 680 995
ROtsiand Grapsaeseeeess | Csceme soa laae Be 600 5, 768 4, 828
OBIS eet igo nee ala EWR SCO DN eae eel eee atl ar ae el Ea Seccte 27 107, 800
TET TIS Sonera ae eins enn ny ete oes riety Some ac et PSI Se Ae Se Se laste ties fece coe 1, 438
AGIESP INOAGH GICs cosbued| eo bocosoes| leobanee Baaceesce Sesosesd Seeceeees cise cece jocceccoconn. 539
Shore’ and’ accessory
DIODOMty sae25 «Sec cs s| ssc t Sess TOVAOO | 2k ee Sees cee eecalosenSestaicee 2,083, 913
Gashicspitalls <2 Ss-scece<|ssoecec<-- CoO EAU UR| Ieee Ss aes | Bacar ea Se Ke a i ts 448, 809
Otel ee eae nce ce os eoeee ese s ISOIO5) Peeper BnOLO! eoeass edi) eu aDOd latoceoceoaa 4,064, 151
PRODUCTS.
Value. | Pounds. Pounds. Value.
50, 000 $750
14, 400 288
1,965 40
235, 169 9, 430
12,500 383
12, 870 354
11, 930 360
12,000 445
15,520 388
Sash oN eho ; ere Nee en |e ten nek Bae e ee 337, 027 16, 848
Chinook: a Rete SRD TS2S1S0N | BO! OLS | ok soe eee |L Smece sel SE aoe ee cli ee. 23, 497,052 | 1,225,393
ROETELT TEE ee ere Me Se emer So) aS TS RE i ee Eee See lle aoe eee 1, 981, 879 11,081
Rilverceees tee tase AEST) VE eit t3y Ue ae | es Srl bag oa (RA ae 4, 844, 844 94,140
(SHS [OOS adhe keh cee ey eS (eae mak Penpanet meee) Nr cate | ane leereae ner Se] | amo nse 2,000
SODGl 4. os 2 a epee Staessen at ek Be eel eee fl |e ee 488, 625 4,945
TTI iccio te ee aa Sz aan BAe BG an enn a Bete eBid Semester -aSemaee 3, 500 175
Steelhead trout...........-. TESCO) lo PAIN bee ae el Fr Fe el her ga ae boeelaaeS 2,365, 858 75, 332
PUMEECOM en sd. cecce eset cee 8, 855 aT) betel a spate | ten eet | [eS RS ent satel he Sad 4 97,785 5,014
Qo h .- SSeS See Casall ee one |e al re ee, tel Dee el foe on Meroe 22,500 900
Clams:
fel there: Ae OMSBy: 25 be SE engcdd SHEGACHA Geers Iara ths Miah ame eens fears 22, 460 3, 041
TCE OTee te en eee Soe |e eek a] Cees co Foe |e ites seaciciew.c| Soerctwone 77, 200 10, 900
peas MALLU CRE Obese pee ome eee esd een cose) -re cae naleasec sce elaneassoe 1,547 725
jer] eae a aM Os de EE 8 Rs TL a ae ee On fe ee ol ee ee) 415, 272 13, 755
Grawfish oS EE OT His Se ee 48, 420 | $5,474 183, 720 20, 747
LNG) 7 MS ee seers 973,475 | 44,757 | 48, 420 | 5, 474 | 5,300 34, 707,623 | 1,495,494
160695 °—20——36
120 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
PRODUCTS BY APPARATUS.
In the vessel fisheries of Oregon the catch was all taken with lines,
and amounted to 262,959 pounds, valued at $9,055. In the shore or
boat fisheries gill nets were the most productive forms of apparatus,
the catch amounting to 23,256,052 pounds, valued at $918,946. The
catch with seines was 7,500,793 pounds, valued at $363,280. Pounds
nets took 1,263,561 pounds, valued at $45,198; lines, 686,500 pounds,
valued at $44,060; wheels, 1,000,299 pounds, valued at $48,414;
tongs, hoes, etc., 101,207 pounds, valued at $14,666; pots and traps,
377,392 pounds, valued at $26,572; and hoop nets, 244,100 pounds,
valued at $8,830.
The following tables give statistics by apparatus of the quantity
and value of fishery products taken in the fisheries of Oregon in 1915:
YIELD OF THE VESSEL FISHERIES OF OREGON IN 1915, By .CoUNTIES, SPECIES, AND
APPARATUS.
eae Bud SINE Clatsop. | Lincoln. Multnomah. Total.
Lines: Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.
COME eee eel eee ce tee | Momsen ae meee | eee pees , 400 $2 , 400 $288
Halibut.......... 98,000 | $2,940] 52,485] $1,756| 68,684 3,434 | 219, 169 8,130
‘inecod?? 22225; 6,000 75 1,870 72 Sees aRScer esac 7, 870 104
Rockfishes....... 5, 0! fA | Se a eben ar 1,000 2 , 000 145
Sablelish sos seca te sete Meee eee as eee eee ee eee 15, 520 388 15, 520 388
Motala- tee eete 109, 000 3,140] 54,355 1,785 | 99,604 4,130 | 262,959 9, 055
Sratistics Or YIELD IN THE SHORE FISHERIES OF OREGON IN 1915, BY COUNTIES,
SPECIES, AND APPARATUS.
= BY SEINES.
Species. Clatsop. Columbia. Coos. Curry. Hood River.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. values Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value. |Pounds.| Value.
$750
MORES h ae tS eener| He saesclecbessse qepesscd Ssagbeqse |eseon: 5: 2,760 $138
a PPA eee HCl eceeeeese acaees Bebeesere sestead oaseasecleccecsadleseacae -'--2- 0
SifealbaGestelgnt neg | eres lll) PRLGG) |e ooe Sunaelsoceed lec ceased eueeeee 300 10 |108,392 | 3,251
Sturgeon.......... 2,245 IIB) neeranallacosder||boosorbed iatetee lestotosadisotecac 1, 500 50
Motaleaences 6, 024, 288 |302,764 | 159,896 | 5,903 | 189,906 | 3,763 | 425,760 | 24,043 |422, 046 | 18, 501
Species. Lincoln. Multnomah. Tillamook. Wasco. Total.
i! i ee) eee
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.) Pounds.) Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.
$750
120
338 360
Salmon:
IBIUGDACIS occa eeestcneae|eeaacee 4,828 | $240 joes cas. wanaeee|seaeecbeslateiaeat 117,233 | 5,862
Chinook...... ..| 5,200] 104] 33,461] 2,195] 79,340 |$1, 973 |..... ee Ete Ba 5, 564, 834 |312, 899
MD oe cosas cdllece ck se acl encore alee econ aaa mee 5,5 SO) pctecsendlieecn eas 139, 153 702
Silveriein. ses 1, 100 Po Weems asm ol eeeeee 26, 829 640 | 50,000 |$1,250 | 339,977] 6,610
ACE eases ccne | mac sie nine o'elee eee 5, 584 fil (eee a REE IA fos, ea ire =| Lee = SE 232,653 | 2,333
iBoINGad LTOUbs> cel sace nec) eee ee 778 Dae et sclionite oe 50,000 | 17250 |1,035, 001 | 33, 229
MOUUL COME eerie asies eal oo eee) eee cee 3, 442 ty | Pie ees | ae eet 825 90 8,012 415
Totaleeeaseee 18,230} 486] 48,093 | 2,687 | 111,749 | 2,543 | 100,825 | 2, 590 |7, 500, 793 |363, 280
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. LO
STATISTICS OF YIELD IN THE SHORE Biesesie or OREGON IN 1915, BY CouNTIES,
SrEecIEs, AND ApPpARATUS—Continued.
BY GILL NETS.
_——————————————————_——— ——————— — — — — — —— EEE 0060608680865
Species. Clackamas. Clatsop. Columbia. Coos. Curry.
Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value.|Pounds. | Value| Pounds.| Value.
Salmon:
Blweback:een- scl emcee ema 39,117) $1,954 ULI ett BV Ae a eam PE ese oy |
Chinook.........| 322, 920)$19, 375 10, 387, 488) 558, 001}1 1835, 441| 76,154] 278, 957|$6, 974] 639, 019]$38, 454
Ghymls ites nebo see shee|lsesee: 865, 922) 5,028) "265, COT TASoO ee cen eel). 2... gece ee
RULVOLE Sees scl etresiemal ise eee 2, 237, 709 44° 731 40, 061 805) 381,948] 6,712) 21, 504 538
DHA Serer ee ese en olbrseiemcacllctsesicns 158, 805 L 627] 32,385) ol ee acnee CBee Sees in betoon.
Steelhead trout. .... 1,978 59] 845,274| 26,119] 129,299 3,778] 23,534) 833... .... |...
DtUTZOOU ae miccc ess S-|aascocelosseaue 72,869) 3,581 7,915 OO dltaceseaee leek | hee see eee
POLAl=ceesaceue 324, 898] 19. BS 14,607,184 |641, 041/2, 317, 982) 83,179} 684,439)14,519| 660, 523 38, 992
Species. Douglas. Hood River. Josephine. Lane. Lincoln.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value. |Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
HIDING Ons ersee beens seein |i aeetan (Caregen an Gee eeleaeaemomM oer uce|Oneeee ocline ead 1,965 $40
EVORE MU Cee eeieat seers | heacietaiae'e'e|nise anlar lowianicieeeta|c sete |e cinisaciet ancien | eerie a|eace coe 10, 500 263
Salmon:
IBlnehsek ss s's5 | eesccacdlsaceeas AS OOD N S200) Rie oe eet| acts a aa teat Soccer| ce ae ae eo
Chinook: -..... rs 923 |$2, 265 29) 000 | 1,490 | 90,178 |$5,412 | 33,180] $829 = 807 | 13,818
Chum feu. 5, 130 AON Ra circle ortince i tecetes (te me ces aes cct wel eee oe 945 268
Sitvers se 548, GLOOM TOS OOOH eee cers | Bees ee ee oS ok 83, 306 | 1,670 ois’ 950] 4,175
SHEG) gs ie tock Lon eee earl eee race) CRI es eest-Pel Steere iets PAA ll Pear (AC aa ae) | DOC Se a 500 175
Steelhead trout... .- 3,000 120 4,000 V20 [Ps CAE Sd 1,040 31 i 200 48
Motalsea ee --| 669, 663 |12,425 | 37,000 | 1,810] 90,178} 5,412 | 117,526 | 2,530 | 731, 867 | 18, 787
Species. Multnomah. Tillamook. Wasco. Total.
Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Delete Saeticilse eee cee wees Sece ciel sbacecenealceeenacswe 1, 965 $40
Soueniscidad Icon esodse ScoocoSdey jscococeeds lamcoctneec 10, 500 263
ae 36, 784 SI S30: [Eek e rece llenseenee ce 800 $40 88, 278 4,409
Chinook: ....... 665,800 | 33,250] 933,508] $23,274 4,600 235 | 15,745,821 | 779, 531
GTHNE Ssee soph a os cee eac lis dens sae ee 460, 980 DaUds oaccbese allauieccacenc 1,650, 281 8,979
CHIR Uains Dee aaiel ns FESS Spel eerie a! 2 817,585| 16,351 1,600 43 | 4,381,273 | 85,025
EE Det ae eet 3, 500 Shi pauses soci ees eeeeR pacer ee teen cee. 2 0dP (a1 O4B00 1, 993
SHIGM eee cette ase ccc cel tae ok sinecn ceaoe crten beeen eter losccccee: los Secooese 3,500 175
Steelhead trout. - 37, 340 1,280 45,795 1, 831 1, 500 40 1,093, 960 34, 259
Bparsoon ee tae = 3300; | same labileee acetal sec sce es 1, 700 119 85, 784 4,272
Totalserctes. 746,724 | 36,577 |2,257,868| 43,763| 10,200 477 | 23,256,052] 918, 946
BY POUND NETS.
Species. Clatsop. Columbia. Multnomah. Wasco. Total.
Salmon: Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pouwnds.| Value.) Pounds.| Value.|Pounds.| Value.
Blueback....... TSCA] CAE STG Ee Sete | Da |S earl (OS | RN 1, 685 $85
Chinook.........] 580, 964 |29,034 | 140,020 |$5, 650 7,300 | $365 8,320} $416 | 736, 604 | 35, 465
Chum... 151,470 | 1,132 | 40,975] 7268 |....2.... ke See ex 5 setae 192,445 | 1,400
Silver-co oe ee 89, 434 | 1,816 15, 988 320 2, 892 60 7, 132 143 | 115,446 | 2,339
Shadi: s/he ee GO STIOT | PACOSS |e Saunt te Baten A 280 |) eo Mae 60, 219 608
Steelhead trout......| 137,705 | 4,693 | 6,708| 201| 4,464] 135] 7,680] 230| 156,557| 5,259
PS] 2 0522) ee ee 175 1121 || Hee Sette eee A Ss be! | i Res Se) IS Ee, 430 30 605 42
Total..........{1,021,652 |37, 380 | 203,691 | 6,439] 14,656 | 560] 23,562| 819 |1,263,561| 45, 198
BY HOOP NETS.
Species. Clatsop.
Value.
$8, 830
s. | Value. | Pounds.
Orabst@. cusee eee ene a aaah 224, 900 $8, 430 19, 200
i Bee FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATZS.
SraTistics OF YIELD IN THE SHORE FISHERIES OF OREGON IN 1915, By CouUNTIES,
SPECIES, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY POTS AND TRAPS.
Species. Clackamas. Clatsop. Columbia. Lincoln.
Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value.
CO si) ope ee ie | (ee oases Skee ite aa Sseseaeoce| Fase ase) hee ae 119, 172 $3, 300
Crawfish. ...-.-.--- 5, 000 $5604|55 22 Pe ie 30/000'|/)-'$3,390)|55 5825-2555) eee
PomCod a. sesea nas sees ae | seen eee 22, 5) $900 eee Se ee tices | seco eee eee
Totalic.:sssee|/s mos000 560 | 22,500 900 30, 000 3,390} 119,172 3, 300
Species. Multnomah. Tillamook. Washington. Yamhill. Total.
—— EE ES
Pounds.) Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pownds. | Value.| Pounds.| Value.
CrabSachenucm. sheccl ss as eee | ee ae B25 000; ($1625 jl -eersees lee os |e see | eee 171, 172 | $4, 925
Crawilisheeesee sees: 959000) $109735)|eeeeeees | neane ae 48,420 |$5,474 | 5,300] $588 | 183,720 | 20, 747
MPOMCOd seen c eames |e see cls | ese iee lola ete as | ee al err eee | eee | ne eee ie 22,500 900
Motallscs ne 95,000 | 10,735 | 52,000 | 1,625 | 48,420 | 5,474 | 5,300] 588 | 377,392 | 26,572
BY WHEELS.
Species. Multnomah. Wasco. Total.
Salmon: Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.
BlUCHACKes S-Oet ashe REED Saas 63,831] $3,192] 66,000] $3,300] 129,831 $6, 492
ChinGgok tesa n- steer eee 58, 273 3,016 | 719, 260 35,963 | 777,533 38, 979
Siliversssecees cee ageeee eee tee eee ee 900 18 7, 248 145 8, 148 163
Shade ee coe cee cee eee ease emaece 1, 063 1 saGocnseee|SeoeccS as 1, 063 ll
Steslheaditroutsiees eeice cee ee eetene 34, 860 1,120} 45,480 1,364 | 80,340 2, 484
SUTSC Ones ene eaeeeneeeer een ee see eee 2, 484 186 900 99 3, 384 285
Total sea ok. a > Peete ge 161,411 7,543 | 838,888] 40,871 |1, 000, 299 48, 414
a a tt
BY LINES.
Species. Clackamas. Clatsop. Coos. Lincoln. Total.
| [nS eT el
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.) Value. | Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.) Value.| Pounds. | Value.
ISN Oe mecoenaees Eseacaeed becouse be ceeced Eoeasace 10,000 |$1,000 | 6,000] $300] 16,000 | $1,300
SEMINACOU eases eece lt meebee weletase se aeeanee oleae seers 5, 000 PIR a Nae ers aS 2 5, 000 250
FROGKASNOSE ae eee ce | nee oe ae <l ceeaees ee aes ears ier ee 6, 000 SOO eS escacele=cccos 6, 000 300
Salmon: Chinook...| 67,500 |$6, 750 | 590, 000 |$35, 400 |.........].......]---------[------- 657, 500 | 42, 150
SAV Ores 25 oes ea bie eo eal coho Sea ceecse|Posadeas 2, 000 600 secseeee al aneeee 2, 000 60
Total.........| 67,500 | 6,750 | 590,000 | 35,400 | 23,000] 1,610] 6,000] 300 | 686,500 | 44, 060
BY TONGS, HOES, ETC.
Species. Clatsop. Coos. Lincoln. Tillamook. Total.
Clams: Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pownds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.
Bazor: .f22.:) + 77, 200. 1$10; DOT 1c Cac tos gee eeeeednc Sahel ae eee ee 77, 200 |$10, 900
11 Oa S| bes seed ets Baa 5,140 | $643 760 | $113 | 16,560 |$2,285 | 22,460] 3,041
Oysters, native,
INATKO Goris csi ce skll ao an SSE eee Se ee ee eee oe 1,547 PT Meee te poerisac 1, 547 725
Total.........] 77,200| 10,900} 5,140| 643] 2,307] 838] 16,560 | 2,285 | 101, 207 | 14, 666
a
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 1238
FISHERY INDUSTRIES.
For statistics of the quantity and value of fishery products prepared
in Oregon in 1915, exclusive of canning, see table, page 54. The
following table contains statistics of the extent of the canning industry
of the State, by districts, in 1915:
EXTENT OF THE CANNING INDUSTRY. OF OREGON IN 1915, By Disrricts.
Columbia River. Pacific coast. Total.
Items j ;
Number.| Value. | Number.| Value. |Number.| Value.
Histablishments:. 2 <--0 \2- fone eae seen 10 | $772, 235 24 | $336,131 34 | $1,108, 366
Cashicapitalee tes. tes- ace sate scsoce sseelaeesmenicing SOWSOON | emiialstetateter TB OUOU|E ewctetotee cic 355, 609
Persons enpaged sos. ssn semee oes on ean5 DOUG eases ei Eafe cease 15,028" |= peters
Wages paldises.c-ieieeeedes sec sc eden s|Selee ene 283, 609 |---------- DSB eet 375, 439
PRODUCTS,@
Salmon:
Blueback—
pound \flatisc ssacsces os se cases. . 11 Gh) Amen Aaa Wonsecebes 11 88
*pound flats eee == sec eae do.... 4, 499 PERSP Sch socsiceo ESOS area 4, 499 24, 827
Chinook— ,
pound: tall’ i257. ese see do....| 23,828] 155,185 9, 908 47, 654 33, 736 202, 839
AinourdAilate es eos see ee do....| 103,108} 801,122] 18,749| 139,289] 121,857 940, 411
pound ovale --- os... ee dover 2, 388 21,496 |-.--------|---------. 2, 388 21, 496
Panne late ee eee se ee do....} 125,296 |1,024, 727 7,959 | 52,514 | 133,255] 1,077,241
1, 529 A SIGN = sceneasee|aons so Son. 1, 529 4,578
25, 158 66, 122 8,991 23,170 34,149 89, 292
2,291 63558) |Siecea sees | ac aues see 2,291 6, 558
4, 288 SUSISh| Me oacssescleastese eck 4, 288 8, 848
11, 332 78, 530 23,170 | 101,229 34, 502 179, 759
2,093} 14,160 3,949 | 18, 059 6, 042 32,219
8,652 | 27,490 4,209} 18,570] 12,861 46, 060
it pound tallies. csssccce ee no6e 3, 955 20, 791
TP poundisflats.2=scccosaeene moc 8,710 56, 682
A pounds tint ese Sa eeee ns 6, 118 35, 127
Shad:
Mipound tallss.5 225-82 tose wea 8 1, 281 3,184
MIDONBON UAlossece ese nena stoma Bone 1,145 3, 435
Shad roe:
+ PONG, Wat. feo. 22 a5 22 see inec ope 171 1, 702
-POUNG, OValoo= 5 sts -a.esct ees Rae 1 93 1,153
Clams;
No. 1, whole... 400 1,760
No. 1, minced. 4, 574 20,145
No. 2, minced. 1, 320 5, 134
Halves, minced .. 3,248 | 12,660 3,248 12, 660
Clamjuiees Nom: =2 2221522222022 GOs S25 | Pees ase |p weaceetec 225 810 225 810
Crabs: 4 pound, flat............... GOs wee |zcortsemacia| see cesoe cr 252 3, 169 252 3, 169
bs All products except clams and clam juice, which have no uniform weight, represent 48 pounds to
@ case.
FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA.
California in 1915 ranked second among the Pacific Coast States in
the number of persons engaged, in the value of its investment, and
in the amount and value of its fishery products. There were 4,282
persons engaged in the shore fisheries, 551 in the vessel fisheries, 35 in
vessels transporting, and 3,584 persons engaged on shore in canneries,
etc., making a total of 8,452 persons connected with the fisheries, as
compared with 5,530 in 1904. The increase can be traced mainly
to the shore industries.
The total investment in the fisheries of the State amounted to
$5,824,263, showing an increase of nearly 55 per cent since 1904.
The items making up this total are 73 fishing vessels valued, with
124 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
their outfit, at $354,375; 20 transporting vessels with a value, includ-
ing their outfit, of $72,000; 1,429 gasoline boats valued at $1,351,110;
1,169 other boats valued at $104,816; apparatus, in the shore and
vessel fisheries, valued at $606,944 ;shore and accessory property with
a value of $2,731,390 and working cash capital amounting to $448,809.
The products of the fisheries of California in 1915 aggregated
93,338,703 pounds, with a value to the fishermen of $2,506,702.
This is an increase of about 44 per cent in quantity, but a decrease of
about three-fifths of 1 per cent in value as compared with 1904.
Among the items in the products of special importance may be men-
tioned 7,303,933 pounds of chinook salmon, valued at $340,949;
21,024,190 pounds of albacore, or tuna, valued at $316,103; 6,923,563
pounds of flounders, valued at $209,766; 875,774 pounds, or 53,682
bushels, of eastern oysters, valued at $165,573; 4,952,692 pounds of
salted cod, valued at $161,695; 1,784,488 pounds of striped bass,
valued at $146,928; 4,344,254 pounds of rockfishes, valued at
$146,216; 892,392 poe of spiny lobsters, valued at $130,119;
1,414,155 pounds of crabs, valued at $128,434; 3,592,646 pounds of
barracuda, valued at $124,870, and 5,761,929 pounds of sole, valued
at $108,254.
For statistics as to number of persons engaged, investment, and
products of the fisheries of California in 1915, see table, page 51.
FISHERIES BY COUNTIES.
San Francisco County.—The fisheries of San Francisco County in
1915 were more valuable than those of any other county in the State,
the output amounting to 17,602,489 pounds, valued at $649,864.
Among the leading species were codfish, eastern oysters, crabs,
sole, rockfishes, flounders, striped bass, and chinook salmon. The
codfish, amounting to 4,952,692 pounds, valued at $161, 695, were
taken by three vessels owned in San Francisco and fishing in Alaskan
waters. Practically all of the fishermen of this county live within
the corporate limits of San Francisco. In 1915, 552 men were engaged
in the shore fisheries and 116 on vessels of 5 net tons and over. A
majority of the fishermen, as well as wholesale dealers, are Italians.
- There were 290 gas boats, valued at $259,710; 35 rowboats, valued at
$705; 68 house boats and scows, valued at $7,600; and 2 sailboats,
valued at $500, employed in the fisheries of this county. Practically
all of these boats were docked at Fishermens Wharf, San Francisco,
the headquarters of the several fishery unions to which the owners
of the boats belonged.
The fishing from San Francisco is prosecuted both in the ocean and
in San Francisco Bay. The trawl-line fishing for rockfishes and
other species and the hoop-net fishing for crabs are followed entirely
in the ocean, while the gill nets are fished both in the ocean and San
Francisco Bay, and occasionally fishermen go as far as Suisun Bay.
The leading species taken with this apparatus are sea bass, smelt,
shad, chinook salmon, herring and carp. Seines are also fished in
San Francisco Bay for white bait, anchovies, and sardines. Among
other forms of apparatus used are lampara nets and bag nets, the catch
consisting mainly of squid and shrimp. Theshrimp are taken mainly
by Chinese fishermen.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 125
San Francisco is the headquarters of an important oyster fishery
prosecuted in San Francisco Bay. This industry, however, has
suffered a noticeable decline within recent years. In 1904, theoutput
amounted to 138,667 bushels of eastern oysters, valued at $514,399,
and 42,932 bushels of native oysters, valued at $91,770. In 1915
the output had dwindled to 51,556 bushels of eastern oysters, valued
at $156,745. Nonative oysters have been taken from San Francisco
Bay forseveral years, the result being that most of those now consumed
have to be brought from Washington, the price being very much
greater than formerly, when there was a local supply.
A small quantity of soft clams are taken from the flats of San
Francisco Bay near San Francisco by fishermen from that city. In
1915 the output was 2,300 bushels, with a value of $5,300, a decline
of 914 bushels since 1904, but an increase in value of $1,550. The
clams are handled mostly by Chinese dealers, and many of the
fishermen are also Chinese.
Mussels to the amount of 600 bushels, with a value of $1,200, were
scraped from the pilings of the city wharves and disposed of for food.
Contra Costa County.—The fishery products of this county in 1915
amounted to 7,395,328 pounds, valued at $229,550. The most im-
portant species were chinook salmon, striped bass, and shad. <A few
other species were taken in small quantities. Most of the fishing was
done in Suisun and San Pablo Bays and the Sacramento River. A
little fishing was also done in San Francisco Bay and San Joaquin
River. With the exception of a few seines used mainly for carp and
smelt, gill nets are the only apparatus used in this county. Pittsburg
is the most important fishing center, not only in this county, but on
the entire Sacramento River. In 1915 a total of 305 fishermen and
5 shoremen were engaged in this town, almost all of whom were
Italians. These men employed 100 sailboats, valued at $13,000;
51 gas boats, valued at $29,000; and 8 house boats, worth $1,600.
Gill nets were the only form of apparatus used. This town in 1915
was the center of an important canning trade in shad, shad roe, and
chinook salmon. In addition, immense quantities of shad were
salted and mild cured, and large supplies of chinook salmon were
mild cured and pickled. Most of the salted shad were sent to China.
During this year the first shipments east of shad in large quantities
were begun. They were sent by express in refrigerator cars. The
consignments were made in carload lots, and were sent mostly to
Chicago and New York. The first large shipments of shad to the
east were made in 1914.
One-half or more of the fishermen of this town yearly make a
practice of going to Alaska to fish under contract for one of the
salmon-canning firms of that territory. They usually leave Pitts-
burg between April 1 and 15 and remain away about five months.
The trip is made on one of the companies’ steamers from San
Francisco.
Martinez, also in Contra Costa County, has very important gill-
net fisheries, the catch in 1915 amounting to 672,000 pounds of
striped bass, valued at $57,120; 414,000 pounds of chinook salmon,
valued at $21,390; and 153,355 pounds of shad, valued at $2,300.
A total of 105 men were engaged in fishing and 7 in transport-
ing fish. These men employed 22 gas boats, valued at $10,200; 34
126 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
sailboats, valued at $5,000; and 7 house boats, worth $1,400. A
branch of a firm in Pittsburg salted large quantities of shad here.
Solano County.—There are several important fishing localities
in this county, the most important of which is Rio Vista. The greater
part of the fishing is done in the Sacramento River, but a consider-
able amount is also done in San Pablo and Suisun Bays and San
Joaquin River. The catch consists mainly of chinook salmon and
striped bass. Large quantities of shad are taken, but the price is
too low to afford much profit. Gillnets are the only form of apparatus
used in the county. One cannery at Benicia and a mild-curin
establishment at South Vallejo utilized large quantities of chinoo
salmon. Most of the catch, however, as in Contra Costa County,
was handled by local buy boats working on commission for San Fran-
cisco firms. |
Marin County.—Considering the extent of its fisheries as compared
with some of the more important counties, the variety of fishery
products in this county is rather noticeable. The greater part of the
fishing is done in Tomales Bay, but some of the fishermen along that
bay also fish in the ocean. Many kinds of apparatus are used, but
the most important forms are seines and gill nets. The leading
species taken with seines are surf fish, herring, and perch, and with gill
nets sea bass, smelt, and striped bass. Considerable quantities of
clams are taken in‘'Tomales Bay, but the industry is far less impor-
tant than that of the oyster, which has been developing to some extent
during the past few years through private planting. The cultivation
of clams on private beds has also been undertaken recently. As
Tomales Bay is comparatively free from impurities, it is thought that
both the oyster and clam maasinies should improve with attention.
A few men were engaged for a short time in 1915 in taking abalone,
the resultant products consisting of $450 worth of shells, $158 worth
of abalone meat, and $40 worth of pearls.
Sausalito is situated on Richardson Bay, but its leading fishery in-
dustry is that for crabs, conducted in the Pacific Ocean. The output
in 1915 amounted to 163,800 pounds, valued at $16,134.
San Joaquin County.—The total output of the fisheries of this >
county in 1915 amounted to 1,330,674 pounds, valued at $44,236, _
showing an increase since 1904 of 803,853 pounds in quantity and
$21,960 in value. Catfish was the leading species, two-thirds of the
State’s catch being credited to this county. They were taken in the
San Joaquin River in fyke nets and seines, but mainly in the former.
Next in importance to the catfish is the chinook salmon. Shad
exceed all other species in abundance, but its importance is much
lessened by the low price received by the fishermen. More than one
and a quarter million pounds of this species were salted at different
points in the county during the year, many of the fish coming from
points outside of the county. Of the firms engaged in salting, one
was American and the other two Chinese. Practically all of the salted
shad were shipped to China. Stockton is the center of the wholesale
trade of the-county.
Humboldt County.—The output of the fisheries of this county in
1915 amounted to 829,630 pounds, valued at $32,796, more than one-.
half of the value being credited to chinooksalmon. Among other spe-
cies worthy of mention are silver salmon, flounders, smelt, steelhead
trout, soft clams,and crabs. This county borders on the Pacific Ocean,
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 127
but its most important fisheries are those prosecuted in the Eel
River. The output of this river in 1915 amounted to 558,893 pounds,
valued at $22,246, which was less than one-fourth of the catch made in
1904. Chinook salmon constituted 80 per cent of the catch, the
remainder consisting of silver salmon, steelhead, and sturgeon. The
catch was handled by local buyers and shipped mainly to San
Francisco. Eureka is the center of the county’s wholesale trade,
two firms located there handling most of the fish taken in Humboldt
Bay and the Pacific Ocean. Besides those taken in Eel River some
salmon are also taken in Mad River and Redwood Creek. Several
men follow clamming in Humboldt Bay at times during the year,
the catch being disposed of locally in Eureka. Crab nets are set
both in Humboldt Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The catch would prob-
ably be greater than at present if it were not that the law prohibits
the shipping of crabs out of the county. Some trawl-line fishing is
followed from Eureka in the Pacific Ocean, the catch consisting
mainly of flounders and rockfishes.
Sacramento County.—This county is situated entirely on the Sacra-
mento River. The total catch in 1915 amounted to 447,167 pounds,
valued at $23,132, which was less than one-half of the catch shown for
1904. Nearly 45 per cent of the catch consisted of chinook salmon.
The catfish ranks as one of the important species of the county. Gill
nets and fyke nets are the only kinds of apparatus used. Sacramento
is the most important fishing center in the county. In 1915 three
wholesale firms, one of them Chinese, located in this city, together with
one in Yolo County across from Sacramento, handled large quantities
of fresh fish taken in the vicinity and from a long distance up the
river. While many of these fish were shipped to States to the east-
ward, the major portion probably reached San Francisco. The
fishery resources of the Sacramento River are much greater below
than above Sacramento. A Chinese firm opposite Antioch salted a
large quantity of shad during the year, the product being shipped to
China. The European war caused a discontinuation of this work.
Alameda County.—This county is situated on San Francisco Bay,
in which waters most of its fishmg is done. The total output in
1915 amounted to 1,092,180 pounds, valued at $22,598, as compared
with 116,958 pounds, valued at $29,804 in 1904. The noticeable
increase in quantity in 1915 was due to a large catch of stingray and
shark, disposed of to a nearby plant manufacturing poultry feed and
oil. Owing to the low price received, these two species did not add
materially to the total value of products. The decrease in value of
products since 1904 can be traced mainly to the decline of the oyster
industry. Both the clam and shrimp industries are of importance in
this county. There are several wholesale firms in Oakland, but
most of the fish handled by them were brought from San Francisco
and more distant points. One firm of Chinese handled clams only.
Del Norte County.—This is the most northern of the coastal counties
of California. Requa, though a mere village, is the leading fishing
center of the county, owing its importance in this particular to the
location there of a salmon cannery, which handles most of the fish
taken in the Klamath River, on which the village is located. A
salmon cannery at Smith River, on the river of that name, utilizes
practically all of the salmon from that stream. The total output
of Del Norte County in 1915 amounted to 924,135 pounds, valued
128 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
at $21,912, consisting mostly of chinook and silver salmon. At
Crescent City, situated on the Pacific Ocean, some fishing for erabs
was followed, most of the men belonging in San Francisco. The
output of salmon since 1904 shows a noticeable increase for the county.
The lack of railroads in the county, however, serves as a bar to any
great extension of the fishery industries.
Tehama County.—The fishing in this vicinity is done entirely in
the Sacramento River, the latter flowing through the central part
of the county. Aside from a couple of drift gill nets at Corning,
seines are the only form of apparatus used. The total output of the
county in 1915 was 186,839 pounds, valued at $13,221, as compared
with 176,079 pounds, valued at $7,003 in 1904. The fishing is
followed entirely for chinook salmon, a few other species, such as
striped bass, catfish, shad, and sturgeon, being taken incidentally.
Mendocino County.—The fishing in this county is centered mainl
at Fort Bragg, the only coast town of the county situated on a rail-
road. The output of the county in 1915 amounted to 185,535
pounds, valued at $10,512. No returns are shown for this county
in 1904, as the railroad to Fort Bragg had not then been constructed.
The leading species are chinook and silver salmon, rockfishes, and
flounders. Some abalone and mussels are also taken. ‘Trolling
is followed to a considerable extent in the ocean off Fort Bragg
from June to the middle of September, men from other counties also
engaging in thefishery. Some trawl-line fishing for rockfishes, flound-
ers, and “‘lingcod” is followed in the ocean during March, April, and
May whenever the weather permits the men to get out. During the
fall and winter of 1915 some silver salmon were taken with gill nets
in afew of the small rivers of the county, but net fishing was pro-
hibited in these streams after that year.
Yolo County.—The decline in the fisheries of this county between
1904 and 1915 was from 341,500 pounds, valued at $12,030, to 249,553
pounds, valued at $10,448, showing a greater proportionate decline
in quantity than in value. Considerably more on one-half the catch
was made with drift gill nets and the remainder with fyke nets and
seines. The most important species are chinook salmon, eatfish,
shad, hardhead, and striped bass. The first-named species made
up about 45 per cent of the value of the entire catch. Broderick,
across the Sacramento River from Sacramento, is the most important
fishing locality in the county. One wholesale firm located there
buys a considerable proportion of the catch, the remainder being
sold to dealers in Sacramento.
Sonoma County.—There is a greater variety of fishing at Bodeja
than at any locality in the county, several different forms of ap-
paratus being used. Among the important products taken in the
county are abalone, including pearls and blisters, surf fish, rock-
fishes, chinook salmon, soft clams, crabs, perch, hard clams, and
crawfish, the last named being taken in the Russian River several
miles above its mouth. The total output of the county in 1915
amounted to 243,150 pounds, valued at $9,325. No fishing was re-
ported in this county in 1904. Lack of railroad facilities to the
coast probably accounts for the slow growth of the fisheries of the
county.
Butte County.—The output of this county in 1915 amounted to
82,800 pounds, valued at $6,720, or less than one-half in quantity and
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 129
slightly over 75 per cent in value of the catch shown for 1904. Seines
were the only form of apparatus used. Aside from a few hundred
pounds of striped bass and sturgeon the catch was confined to chinook
salmon. Most of the catch was shipped from Chico.
Glenn County——The total fishery output of this county in 1915
amounted to 86,100 pounds, having a value of $6,705. No catch was
shown for this county in 1904. Willow is the most important fishing
center in the county. Aside from a few chinook taken with drift
gill nets the entire catch was taken with seines. Chinook salmon
constituted about 94 per cent of the catch, the remainder consisting
of sturgeon and striped bass.
Colusa County.—With the exception of a few fykes and hand lines,
seines were the only form of apparatus used in the county. The out-
put in 1915 amounted to 58,456 pounds, valued at $4,214. Several
species were taken, but chinook salmon constituted about three-
fourths of the catch. Colusa, the county seat, is the most important
fishing center. No fisheries were shown for this county for 1904.
Sutter County.—The fishery resources of this county show a decline
from 148,000 pounds, valued at $6,440, in 1904, to 73,645 pounds,
valued at $2,921, in 1915. In 1904 the catch consisted largely of
chinook salmon, but in 1915 nearly 70 per cent of the catch was cat-
fish. Most of the fishing is confined to the southern part of the coun-
ty, from Knights Landing down, and is sold to dealers in Sacramento
and Broderick.
San Mateo County.—The output of this county in 1915 amounted to
26,500 pounds, valued at $1,910, as compared with 216,140 pounds,
valued at $6,405,in 1904. This difference is due mainly to the decline
of the shrimp industry through restrictive legislation, The output
consisted of soft clams, crabs, rockfishes, and a few smelt. Aside
from a small local consumption, the entire catch was landed and sold
in San Francisco, whichis not far distant from the fishing grounds of
the county.
Shasta County.—This county is the uppermost one on the Sacra-
mento River in which commercial fishing is prosecuted. The out-
put in 1915 amounted to 20,997 pounds, valued at $1,289, which is
about one-half of the value of the output in 1904. Aside from a few
fish taken with spears, the catch is credited entirely to seines. Chi-
nook salmon and a few striped bass were the only species taken.
Cottonwood and Anderson were the principal fishing localities, As
in the case of most of the counties on the Sacramento River above
Sacramento, the fish are shipped mainly to Sacramento and San
Francisco, A few are shipped by the buyers north to Seattle and
Portland and to neighboring States eastward. Owing to the current,
seines are best adapted for the fisheries of the Sacramento River above
Yolo County, and in most instances a horse is necessary in hauling
theseine. A law passed by the California legislature in 1916 prohibits
all fishing in the Sacramento River above Vina, Tehama County.
Previously there was no limit to the fishing in the river.
Los Angeles County.—This is the most thickly settled county in
the State and far exceeded any other in the number of persons em-
ployed, the amount of capital invested in the fisheries, and the quan-
tity of fishery products taken during the year 1915, but the value of
the products was less than in San Francisco County. There were
2,428 persons engaged either as active fishermen or in the various
130 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
fishery industries on shore; the value of shore property, fishing appa-
ratus, boats, etc., was $2,041,401; and the products amounted to
27,420,247 pounds, valued at $515,863. Including some chinook,
chum, and silver salmon taken from Columbia River by a vessel from
San Pedro, there were 33 species.
The fisheries are centered in the southern part of the county, in
Los Angeles Harbor at San Pedro, East San Pedro, and Wilmington,
and at Long Beach.
Some fishing is also done from Redonda Beach, Santa Monica, and
Venice, and a little from Catalina Island, although the greater part of
that done at the last-named place is for-sport. The present impor-
tance of the county as a fishing center is due to the rapid growth of
the tuna industry during recent years, although it has occupied a
prominent place among the fishing counties of the State for a number
of years because of the quantity of barracuda, flounders, rockfishes,
and other species taken. The bulk of the tuna is sold to the canneries,
though at times some go to the wholesale dealers, who handle the
other species, shipping them to various inland points.
During the year 1915 there were 10 wholesale fresh-fish houses
and 1 tuna cannery at San Pedro, 3 tuna canneries at East San Pedro,
1 at Wilmington, and 5 at Long Beach. There were also a number
of wholesale fresh-fish dealers at Los Angeles. A large percentage of
the fishermen are Austrians, some Americans, and, in the tuna fishery
especially, many are Japanese.
Of the total catch 17,367,259 pounds, or nearly 63 per cent, were
albacore or tuna, valued at $260,667. Other important catches
were barracuda, 1,555,162 pounds, valued at $59,256; flounders,
1,349,103 pounds, valued at $51,731; rockfishes, 690,131 pounds,
valued at $21,882; yellowtail, 679,868 pounds, valued at $18,976;
sea bass, 446,064 pounds, valued at $16,953, and bonito, 370,844
pounds, valued at $10,840.
Owing to the fact that the large catch of albacore is practically all
taken by lines, these are by far the most important form of apparatus.
The total catch of all species by lines was 18,518,522 pounds, valued
at $300,417, of which 17,339,499 pounds, valued at $260,223, were
albacore. Other important species in the line fishery are the rock-
fishes, amounting to 690,131 pounds, valued at $21,882.
The gill-net catch ranked next to that of the lines, ier to
1,911,649 pounds, valued at $66,996, of which 893,960 pounds, valued
at $34,738, were barracuda. Considerable quantities of bonito, sea
bass, and yellowtail were also taken by the gill nets. The lampara
net also occupies a prominent place in the fisheries of the county,
the catch amounting to 1,745,777 pounds, valued at $52,935, consist-
ing chiefly of yellowtail and barracuda. The trammel net was next
in importance, with a catch of 1,069,496 pounds, valued at $40,454,
mostly flounders, known locally as ‘‘California halibut.’ There has
been quite an increase in the number of small fishing vessels hailing
from Los Angeles County. During the year there were 38 of these
of 5 tons net or more, with a total net tonnage of 343 and a value of
$85,700, the majority being engaged in line fishing for albacore.
The only seines fished from the county were purse seines, operated
from six of these vessels, the catch consisting chiefly of barracuda
and yellowtail, with some bonito, mackerel, sea bass, Spanish mack-
erel, and albacore. The gill-net catch of the vessel fisheries was chiefly
barracuda, and the trammel nets took only flounders.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 131
The kelp, which grows in abundance along the Pacific coast, has
not been utilized commercially in the past, though it has long been
known to contain a large percentage of potash. This country has
heretofore depended almost entirely on Germany for its supply of
potash, but since the beginning of the European war there has been
such a decrease in the importation of this product that the Depart-
ment of Agriculture deemed it expedient to make investigations to
determine the feasibility of harvesting the kelp for the purpose of ex-
tracting the potash and other ingredients of commercial value. It
was found to be entirely practicable and, though the actual work
was yet in its incipiency in 1915, extensive preparations were being
made in Los Angeles and San Diego Counties for future effort in this
important industry, and a number of plants were in operation in
1916. One company operated in Los Angeles County during 1915
and cut 1,500 tons of kelp.
San Diego County.—This county ranked fourth in the State in the
quantity of products taken during the year. The total catch was
12,652,996 pounds, valued at $343,919. In the amount of the
capital invested, which was $625,021, and the number of persons em-
ployed, which was 1,026, it occupied third place. The products in-
cluded 21 different species, and a number of these were sold both
fresh and salted. As in Los Angeles County, the leading species was
albacore, with a total catch of 3,630,931 pounds, valued at $54,505,
used fresh, and 25,000 pounds, valued at $481, salted. Other species
taken in large quantities were flounders, 2,182,658 pounds, valued at
$83,826; barracuda, fresh, 1,415,904 pounds, valued at $41,121, and
salted, 330,000 pounds, valued at $13,180; rockfishes, 734,464 pounds,
valued at $16,703; spiny lobsters, 500,313 pounds, valued at $84,726;
rock bass, fresh, 489,450 pounds, valued at $10,032, and salted, 2,750
pounds, valued at $97; yellowtail, fresh, 337,898 pounds, valued at
$4,954, and salted, 124,500 pounds, valued at $4,743.
The fisheries of this county are centered at San Diego, where four
tuna canneries, one of which also canned a small lot of abalone taken
from Mexican waters, and six wholesale fresh-fish houses are located.
The abalone canning was somewhat in the nature of an experiment
and was discontinued when found to be unprofitable because of the
excessive cost of getting abalone from foreign waters.
Many of the fishermen of southern California have been going to
Mexican waters during the last eight years or more because they
thought those waters more productive than those where they had
been fishing nearer their home ports. ‘To do this, they are required
to secure a permit from the representatives of the government of
Lower California and also to pay a tax of 2 cents per pound on all fish
taken from what are claimed as Mexican waters, and it has been
stated that this tax is levied even though the fish in question have been
taken beyond the 3-mile limit. The bulk of the halibut or flounders
and a considerable portion of the barracuda, lobsters, and other
species brought to the San Diego market are from fishing grounds
off Lower California. It is said that some of the San Diego boats
often go as far as100 miles ormore from home when fishing in southern
waters.
Line fishing is the most important, because the great bulk of the
albacore is taken by that apparatus. The total catch by lines was
5,580,946 pounds, valued at $101,381, of which 3,628,560 pounds,
132 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
valued at $54,429, were albacore, the greater part of the remainder
consisting of rockfishes, rock bass, and yellowtail.
The rockfish fishery is one of the most important in this county, as
well as in Los Angeles County, the catch being all by lines and es-
ecially good. A great deal of the fishing is done about San Clemente
[leet located 65 or 70 miles off San Diego. The rockfishes are often
taken in 100 fathoms or more of water. The season for fishing is
mostly in winter, though the fish may be found in these waters
practically the entire year. It is said to be almost impossible to work
the gear during summer because of the presence of the sharks which do
considerable damage to the lines. Either a ‘hand line” or ‘‘set
line” is used. The former has about 125 hooks, which are attached
to snoods hung from the main line at intervals of about 9 inches.
The line is laid out on the bottom with a stone made fast to
one end, and to the other end is attached a line which extends up to
the boat. The crew usually consists of three men, and one man is as-
signed to tend a single line. The main line is No. 156 hard-laid cot-
ton, and the snoods are No. 24 cotton twine. If the fish are not
biting readily, the lines are sometimes buoyed, and the men move
about in search of more productive grounds.
The set lines are much more extensive and are made of a number of
lengths of 200 hooks each, tied together to make one string. Some-
times as many as 15 to 20 of these pieces are fished as one line.
The line is weighted at each end with a stone or piece of iron, and a
buoy line attached. When fishing a bottom that is especially rocky,
or when the water is rough, additional buoys are attached between
the end ones to prevent the line becoming entangled. The main line
is No. 240 hard-laid cotton, and the snoods are No. 24 cotton twine.
The snoods are about 34 feet long and are attached to the main line at
intervals of from 5 to 54 feet. The buoy lines are manila. It is often
difficult to raise these set lines, especially if the water is rough,
and it sometimes requires the combined effort of two or three men
to accomplish this. The bait for the lines is sardines or fish cut-
tings. ‘These lines are practically the same as those used in the other
counties of southern California.
The lobster pots ranked next to the lines in importance. The
catch, which consisted entirely of spiny lobsters, amounted to
500,313 pounds, valued at $84,726. Spiny lobsters are not taken
north of Santa Barbara County, but are found in considerable
numbers from that county southward. The State law prohibits
fishing for them in California waters during the summer whi they
are spawning, but there seems to be no State prohibition against
the importation of the Mexican lobster during that period, and
as aresult of this lack of restriction many of the fishermen from San
Diego have been going to the coast of Lower California during recent
years, establishing camps for the summer season, and sending great
quantities of lobsters to the California market. Many are opposed
to this practice, because they are of the opinion that the ic ster
should bs protected when spawning in Mexican waters as well
as in California, and are anxious to have legislation to prohibit
importing them during the closed season. The best lobster-fish-
ing grounds in the early fall are on the kelp beds near the shore,
where the lobsters seem to gather for protection, but as cold weather
advances they go out to deeper water. It is often very difficult to
raise the pots a etaiae of the heavy swell, and at times the men
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 133
have to attach the buoy line to the moving boat in order to get
them up. The pots are made of laths and are mostly about 3 feet
long, 30 to 32 inches wide at the bottom, narrowing to about 12
inches at the top, and are 12 inches high. They are set singly with
a buoy line attached to each pot in water varying in depth from
3 to 20 fathoms. When fishing in deep water, it is often necessary
to use 40 to 60 pounds of ballast to a nal pot.
The trammel-net fishery is also quite important. The catch
consisted entirely of flounders and amounted to 2,182,408 pounds,
valued at $83,816. Trammel nets are made very much on the plan
of a gill net, though they have three webs instead of one. A web
of small-mesh netting is hung between two webs of larger mesh,
the middle one hanging deeper than the two outside ones, so that
the fish striking from either side and forcing the small mesh net
through the larger mesh forms a bag from which it is impossible to
escape. The two outside webs are 23-inch mesh, No. 12 cotton
twine, and about 12 feet deep, and the center one is 9-inch mesh,
No. 9 cotton twine, and about 16 feet deep. One net is 36 to 40
fathoms long, and a number are usually tied in a string and fished
as one net, sometimes as many as 20 being used to one string.
The gill net ranks next in importance. The catch amounted to
2,260,329 pounds, valued at $68,388. This net is used chiefly for
fishing barracuda, and over 69 per cent of the total catch consisted
of that species, the number of pounds being, fresh, 1,362,441, valued
at $39,957, and salted, 198,000 pounds, valued at $7,900. Sea bass
and yellowtail also figure quite prominently in the gill-net catch,
the former amounting to 261,703 pounds, valued at $8,351, and the
latter to 212,645 pounds, fresh, valued at $3,389, and 55,500 pounds,
salted, valued at $1,983.
The quantity of kelp harvested during 1915 was about 1,000 tons,
valued at $1,000. :
The fishing vessels of 5 tons net or more hailing from San Diego
County numbered 13, with a total net tonnage of 112 tons and a
total value of $34,550. Several of these are from La Playa, located
on San Diego Bay opposite San Diego, and are fished by Portuguese,
who fish mostly in Mexican waters and sometimes go several hundred
miles from their home port. The greater part of their catch is
salted in the hold of the vessel and consists chiefly of barracuda,
jewfish, Spanish mackerel, and rockfishes. Other vessels take con-
siderable quantities of albacore.
Monterey County—The products of the fisheries of this county in
1915 amounted to 14,085,399 pounds, valued at $183,806, and the
investment was $455,887. 1e number of persons employed in
the fisheries and various shore industries was 694. onterey,
located on Monterey Bay, is the center of the fisheries of the county.
There are located here 13 wholesale fresh-fish houses and two can-
neries, where the only sardines canned in the State were canned
during the year. In addition to these species, one of these houses
also prepared canned, mild-cured, and salted salmon. One firm
also was engaged in drying squid, which was mostly for export to
China. The only real abalone cannery operated in the State dur-
ing 1915 was located at Point Lobas, about 5 miles south of Mon-
terey. Monterey Bay is the southern limit of salmon, and the
major portion of those found there are chinook, a comparatively
small number of silver salmon also being taken.
134 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Salmon usually appear in this region in large numbers, and most
of the catch is taken in the spring and early summer. The salmon
are taken entirely with troll lines, and practically all in the bay.
The anchovies, kingfish, mussels, perch, sardines, and squid are
also practically all taken in the bay, and the rockfishes, ‘‘lingeod,”
jewfish, sablefish, and sole are all taken in the ocean. Sardines
come in June and from that time until early in August are rather
small in size. After this they run larger and continue so until
winter. During December and January they are especially large.
From March until late in May there are no sardines of any conse-
quence. ‘The catch for the year was rather poor.
In quantity the catch of squid was greater than any other, but
in value the catch of chinook salmon was more than double that
of any other species. The amount of squid taken was 6,140,000
pounds, valued at $30,700. The next in quantity were sardines,
with a catch of 4,006,200 pounds, valued at $20,031. The catch of
chinook salmon and rockfishes, all of which were taken by lines,
was 1,694,660 pounds, valued at $67,786, and 1,306,816 pounds,
valued at $41,818, respectively. Some silver salmon aa other
species were also taken with lines, but in minor quantities.
The lampara net fishery produced the greatest quantity; the total
catch of this apparatus was 8,923,200 pounds, valued at $46,151.
The low value of the lampara catch is explained by the fact that nearly
two-thirds of the amount taken were squid, which sold for about $10
pe ton, practically all of them beimg handled by one firm for drying
or the Chinese trade.
Squid are dried by the sun-and-air process. A suitable plat is
selected beyond the city limits, because the city authorities prohibit
the work within the limits on account of the disagreeable odor and
the burning off of the grass which is necessary, because the phos-
phoric acid and salt water in the squid would kill it and cause it to
rot, thus rendering the ground unsuitable for drying. The squid
are spread on the ground, turned and worked over every day until
thoroughly dried. Under favorable conditions 10 to 12 days are
sufficient time for drying. Under normal conditions the quantity
of fresh squid reported would have yielded a larger percentage of the
dried product, but certain conditions were unfavorable during the
season, and some were lost.
Other species taken by lampara nets were sardines, 2,906,200
pounds, valued at $14,531, and a small lot of anchovies and herring.
_ The seine catch was largely made up of sardines, which amounted to
1,100,000 pounds, valued at $5,500. Small quantities of barracuda
and squid were also taken with seines.
As stated above, this is the only county in the State in which aba-
lone canning was done in 1915, except a small lot brought from Mexico
and packed at a San Diego tuna plant. The catch, including those
taken for the cannery and some by independent fishermen from
Monterey, amounted to 547,424 pounds, valued at $10,939. The
abalone subsist on vegetable matter and are found only on rock
bottom where there is a sufficient growth of vegetation to maintain
them. Several varieties are found on the California coast, but the red
abalone is the one with which we have to deal chiefly, as that is
utilized for canning at Point Lobas. Other varieties are the green,
black, pink, and corrugated. The red abalone is found from northern
California to the Santa Barbara Island region. Only about 10 per
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 185
cent of the red shells are suitable for commercial purposes. They
are sold for manufacture into novelties and various kinds of ornaments.
As very few red abalones are exposed at low tide, and as they are
not found in water deeper than will permit of the penetration of
sufficient sunlight to support the vegetable growth on which the
abalone depends for subsistence, they are mostly taken by divers,
who use a regular diving outfit such as is employed by wreckers and
other workers under water. A diving outfit, including the helmet,
suit, air pumps, etc., costs about $800. The divers are all Japanese,
and they require that the pumps and life lines be operated by men
of their own selection, who are generally some of their own people.
The depth of the water in which they operate does not often exceed 125
feet, but they have worked at a depth of 150 feet. The greater the
depth the more difficult it is to furnish air to the men, and it is not
necessary to take risks, as there seems to be a sufficient supply of aba-
lone at less depth. The divers rarely get out of sight of fant work
only when the water is smooth, and frequently go out and return
without making a descent or with only a part of a day’s work done be-
cause ofroughseas. A diver usually remains under water 24 to3 hours
and uses a short pointed iron, similar to a crowbar, to pry the abalone
from the rocks. If one is expert enough to get the iron under the
shell before the abalone has been disturbed and has had an oppor-
tunity to take hold of the rock, it is comparatively easy to capture it;
otherwise it can take such a firm grip that it is very difficult to get
it up with the iron and impossible to break the hold with the hands
alone. The abalone are hauled up to the boat in carriers made with
manila rope of about one-fourth inch diameter, one of which is
attached to each end of a line suspended from the boat; as one carrier
is raised the other is lowered. From one to two dozen are placed in
a carrier, the weight averaging 45 pounds to a dozen.
For shoal-water fishing the fishermen use a small boat and hooked
pole. ‘To aid in locating the abalone they have a wooden box avera-
ging about 8 by 11 inches at the top, widening toward the bottom to
about 16 by 19 inches, and about 19 to 20 inches deep, the top being
open and the bottom fitted with a glass. This box is attached to the
side of the boat by strings, so that it may be easily removed when
returning to port, with the bottom immersed so that the fisherman
can get a good view of the ocean bottom as he peers through the
glass. The poles vary in length from 1 to about 4 fathoms, as that is
about the maximum depth of water fished in this way. The lower
end is fitted with an iron hook, and the fisherman holding the pole in
his hand can by a quick movement insert the hook under the edge
of the shell and jerk it loose from the rock.
The law permits abalone fishing in this county at any time except
during the month of February, when the abalone are protected because
of spawning. The spawning period, however, is said to extend from
about the middle of January until about the middle of March. It
is estimated that an adult female will produce upward of one million
eggs during the season. When liberated and fertilized, the eggs
are said to float about for a time and then settle on the bottom for
reproduction, and there is no doubt that many of them settle on
sandy or soft bottom and are lost.
One hundred pounds of abalone in the shell will yield about 60
pounds of meat. When preparing for canning only about 30 per
cent of the meat is used, the remainder being discarded as unfit for
160695°—20
on
ol
136 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
packing. The meat as it comes from the shell is ae tough, and it
is necessary to pound it well with sticks in order to break the fiber.
Abalone were not taken in the southern counties of California during
1915 for commercial purposes, the law prohibiting having more than
10 of them in one’s possession at one time, precluding any effort
toward commercializing the fishery. In past years considerable quan-
tities were taken in Los Angeles County.
Santa Cruz OCounty.—The aggregate product of the fisheries of
this county in 1915 was 3,952,257 pounds, valued at $125,077.
Nearly 50 per cent of this amount was sole, the catch of that species
amounting to 1,892,600 pounds, valued at $52,315. Flounders also
contributed largely to this total, the catch being 746,935 pounds, val-
ued at $21,596. The entire catch of sole and flounders was taken in
paranzellanets. ‘‘Lingcod,’” hake, kingfish, and other species are also
taken in these nets.
With the exception of crabs, the gill-net catch of this county
is of minor importance. The crab gill nets do not differ in general
construction from any other. They are made of No.6 cotton twine,
about 45 fathoms long, 15 feet deep, and 74-inch mesh. They
are put out in the evening, usually about six of the 45-fathom
lengths in a string, and sunk so that the lead line is near the bottom,
with a buoy line attached to each end. They are permitted to
drift during the night and are taken up in the morning. This
method of fishing crabs has been in vogue for about four years and is
usually quite remunerative. Crab lmes are not used here, but a
small number of crabs are taken in paranzella nets. The catch of
crabs in 1915 was 233,473 pounds, valued at $15,917.
Rockfishes and salmon constituted the bulk of the line catch.
The rockfishes taken amounted to 378,478 pounds, fresh, valued
at $11,355, and 8,000 pounds, salted, valued at $400. The catch
of chinook salmon amounted to 100,592 pounds, valued at $4,023,
and that of silver salmon to 28,697 pounds, valued at $1,147.
Some “‘lingcod,” sablefish, and kingfish were also taken by lines.
Octopi have been known to exist in this region for some time
and have been taken in paranzella nets, but no special effort has
been made to capture them until recently. A Santa Cruz fisherman
constructed some traps for the purpose of catching crabs, but on
lifting the traps found them filled with octopi instead of crabs and
decided they could be taken in sufficient quantities to justify fur-
ther efforts. These traps are made of galvanized wire of 1-inch
mesh and are about 3 feet long, 24 feet wide, and 14 feet high. They
have openings in the top about 8 inches square for the entrance of
the octopi, and doors in the end for the removal of the catch. The
traps are baited with skates or any fish offal that is available, and
are set singly with a buoy line attached to each. The season is
chiefly during the winter and spring. The catch is shipped to San
Francisco, where there is quite a demand from the Orientals, who
consider this fish a delicacy. Only 6,000 pounds, valued at $600,
were taken during 1915, but there is every reason to believe that
subsequent years will show a considerable increase in this business.
Practically all the catch of this county is shipped to San Francisco,
by several wholesale dealers in Santa Cruz, and practically all the
fishermen of the county hail from that point. The investment in
the fisheries of the: county for the year was $71,275, and the total
number of persons employed was 65.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 137
Santa Barbara County.—The fisheries of this county produced
638,600 pounds, valued at $41,130, in 1915 and are centered at Santa
Barbara, where the only wholesale market in the county is located.
Santa Barbara Channel, located off this county, is the northern
limit of spiny lobsters. They are taken in considerable numbers
by fishermen camping on the islands in the channel, chiefly Ana
Capa and Santa Cruz, and also by some fishing from Santa Bar-
bara. This fishery contributed about 50 per cent of the total value
of the products for the county, the catch amounting to 158,300
pounds, valued at $20,729. The gill-net fishery contributed about
49 per cent of the total catch of the county.
Orange County.—This county, located on the southern coast of
the State, between the two important fishing counties of Los An-
geles and San Diego, is much more thinly settled and is compara-
atively unimportant in its fisheries. The fisheries are conducted
from only two localities, Newpoit and Laguna Beach, and the
products amounted to 988,980 pounds, valued at $38,702. The
most important form of apparatus was seines, the catch of which
was over 25 per cent of the total quantity, and over 30 per
cent of the total value for the county. Smelt constituted the bulk
of the catch with this apparatus, the catch of this species amounting
to 226,000 pounds, valued at $11,300. The catch by lines, amount-
ing to 261,380 pounds, valued at $8,356, ranked next in both quan-
tity and value, and barracuda and rockfishes were the most im-
portant species. The gill-net fishery, which amounted to 132,950
pounds, valued at $4,795, was next in importance in value, with sea
bass and barracuda the leading species. The catch with lampara
nets was 198,000 pounds, valued at $4,920, and consisted chiefly
of rock bass and yellowtail. The trammel-net catch was all floun-
ders and amounted to 132,250 pounds, valued at $6,308. Spiny
lobsters, worth $2,093, and a small lot of hard clams were also taken
by the fishermen of this county.
San Luis Obispo.—Although this county has quite an extensive
coast line, it is very sparsely settled, and the commerical fisheries
are of little importance when compared with some of the other
coastal counties. Pismo and Morro are the only localities from
which commercial fisheries are prosecuted. Clam forks, gill nets,
and lines were the only forms of apparatus used. The total catch
amounted to 197,856 pounds, valued at $16,420. The catch taken
with lines was 85,000 pounds of rockfishes, valued at $3,400, which
was greater in quantity than that with any other apparatus, but the
value of the hard clams, taken with forks, amounted to more than
55 per cent of the total value of that species for the State. The
quantity of hard clams taken was 34,856 pounds, valued at $9,150.
Ventura County.—The product of the fisheries of this county
amounted to 106,765 pounds, valued at $5,443. Of the 27 counties
in which commercial fisheries are conducted in California, this coun-
ty is among the least important; there are only three counties in
which the value of the catch was less than in Ventura, two of them
being located on Sacramento River and one on the coast. The
fishing is all done from Ventura, a small town of only a few thousand
inhabitants, and the bulk of the catch consisted of smelt, taken
with seines; flounders, taken with trammel nets; rockfishes and
flounders, taken with lines; and spiny lobsters, which are always
caught in pots.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
138
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FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. - 149
PRODUCTS BY APPARATUS.
Many different forms of apparatus are used in the fisheries of
California. Some of these, introduced by Italians, are similar to
those used by them in their native country. Among these may be
mentioned the paranzella net and lampara net, with which large
catches are made. The different forms of apparatus will be described
briefly in the order of their importance, based on the value of the
catch. While pound nets rank as one of the important forms of
apparatus used in the fisheries of Washington and Oregon, none was
used in California in either 1915 or 1904.
Lines.—Lines rank first both in the quantity and value of the
catch which, in 1915, amounted to 34,872,139 pounds, with a value to
the fishermen of $681,825. Of this output 28,431,372 pounds were
taken in the shore, and the remainder in the vessel, fisheries. As
compared with the last canvass by this Bureau for 1904, there is
shown an increase of nearly 235 per cent in quantity and 149 per cent
in value. This extraordinary increase may be traced mainly to the
development of the albacore, or tuna, canning industry, which was
in its infancy in 1904. A noticeable increase is also shown in the
output of rockfishes and chinook salmon. The albacore fishery is
confined almost exclusively to Los Angeles and San Diego Counties,
the former furnishing more than 82 per cent of the State’s catch.
The line fisheries of Monterey County are of noticeable importance
and are divided between the hand-line or trolling fishery for chinook
salmon and the trawl-line fishery for rockfishes. Most of the other
species are taken incidentally along with the two just named. Troll-
ing for chinook salmon in Monterey Bay has developed into an impor-
tant industry within recent years. Power boats are commonly used
in this fishery. Two poles, one a little longer than the other, are
generally set in sockets on each side of the boat, while two lines are
set from the stern. As the boat moves slowly forward these lines
are put out and in the above positions are clear of each other. To
the other end of each pole is suspended a small tin can with a few
pebbles in it. When a fish is hooked its struggles cause the pebbles in
the can to rattle, and the fisherman then takes in the pole and pulls the
fish in hand over hand.
The trolling in Santa Cruz and Mendocino Counties also is worthy
of mention. ‘The trolling, as well as most of the other fishing from
these two counties, is followed from Santa Cruz and Fort Bragg,
respectively.
ul nets.—Gill nets rank next to lines in the value of their catch,
the latter in 1915 amounting to 21,317,668 pounds, valued at $676,062,
credited mostly to the shore fisheries. As compared with 1904, an
increase of 4,280,643 pounds in quantity and $54,974 in value is
shown, the increase in quantity being traced mainly to the shad
fishery of the Sacramento River. This species, however, did not
give a proportionately increased value to the fisheries. There was
a decided decline in the catch of chinook salmon with gill nets, but
this was made up by increased catches of other species. Notwith-
standing its decline, chinook salmon was still the most valuable
apecicns taken with gill nets in California, followed in importance by
the striped bass, barracuda, shad, sea bass, and smelt. About 32
species were taken with this apparatus, but those already mentioned
150 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
constituted the bulk of the catch. The Sacramento River, together
with San Pablo and Suisun Bays, furnished the bulk of the gill-net
catch of the State. While drift gill nets were used in asmall way as
far up the Sacramento River as Corning, Tehama County, they ceased
to be important as an apparatus above Verona in Sutter County. The
length of drift gill nets varies from those measuring 170 yards each,
used for chinook salmon along the upper portion of the river, to
those measuring 450 yards each, used for shad near the mouth of the
river. ‘The nets used for chinook salmon and striped bass near the
mouth of the river average about 385 and 420 yards, respectively.
In Suisun and San Pablo Bays, nets as long as 800 yards are used for
striped bass, shad, and chinook salmon. ‘Those for chinook salmon
are from 40 to 45 meshes deep; those for striped bass from 30 to 65
meshes, and those for shad from 60 to 65 meshes. ‘The size of mesh
varies in the salmon net from 74 inches to 93 inches; in the striped-
bass net it is commonly about 54 inches; and in the shad net from
54 to 64 inches, but more often of the latter size.
The bulk of the gill netting credited to Del Monte County was done
in the Klamath River, from its mouth to a point 6 miles above. A .
cannery at Requa utilizes most of the catch. The chinook salmon
run from March 1 to September 1, with a few in October, while the
silver salmon run from September 20 to the last week in October.
The nets on this river average 200 yards in length and 30 to 35 meshes
deep. ‘The mesh varies from 64 to 9 inches, but more of the smaller
size are used.
Gill nets constitute the most valuable apparatus used in Humboldt
County, a very large percentage of the catch being taken with them.
The Eel River is the only stream of any importance in the county.
Practically all of the fishing in this river is done between the mouth
and 34 miles above. The drift gill nets used on the river average
about 150 yards in length, and from 28 to 32 meshes deep. The
mesh for chinook is 94 to 93 inches, while that for silver salmon and
steelhead is 64 inches. The fishing is done from October 7 to Decem-
ber 7. The same fishermen in some instances fish in both the Kla-
math and Kel Rivers.
Paranzella nets—Paranzella or trawl nets are used both in the
vessel and shore fisheries of California, but the catch in the former
is much more important. The fishing is confined to the Pacific Ocean
from San Francisco, Santa Cruz, and Los Angeles Counties, that from
the first-named county being much the more important. In 1915
the total catch amounted to 9,707,373 pounds, valued at $193,368,
as compared with 5,637,561 pounds, valued at $104,602, in 1904.
Many species are taken, but sole and flounders constitute more than
96 per cent of the catch.
The paranzella, a somewhat primitive style of net, was intro-
duced in California by Italian fishermen in 1877. It consists of a
flat, triangular bag of webbing, doubtless developed from a beach
seine or bag net, with a wide but low mouth. The net rapidly nar-
rows from the wide mouth to the cod end of the bag, hbk is so
arranged that it can be unlaced to discharge the catch when it is
hoisted aboard the boat. The nets are constructed of heavy cotton
twine. The forward part of the bag is of about 4-inch mesh, the
middle part still smaller, and the cod end of much heavier twine,
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. Lor
has a 14-inch mesh. The mouth of the net when fishing has a spread
of about 50 feet.
When the nets were first introduced they were operated with
- small sailboats, were necessarily of small dimensions, and dragged
within San Francisco Bay and in the shallow water alongshore just
outside the harbor. Later, or about 1888, steam tugs, with larger
nets were employed, and the San Francisco paranzella fishery was
soon in the hands of a few companies, constituting the principal
wholesale fish dealers of the city.
In fishing a paranzella the steamers work in pairs and follow par-
allel courses about one-half mile apart, each towing one end of
the net. Occasionally two nets were towed by three steamers, the
center one towing an end of two nets. The drags are made either
with or against the current; otherwise the net would drift sidewise
and not fish properly. Two drags are usually made each day, fre-
quently only one, the duration of a drag being 14 to 2 hours. A crew
of 4 or 5 men is carried on one of the steamers, and from 10 to 14 on
the other, the latter being the one on which the net is lifted. When
a drag is completed the net is hauled in by steam winches and lifted
aboard by means of a derrick. Frequently the weight of the fish is
so great that some of them have to be removed with a long-handled
dip net before the net is lifted aboard, to prevent tearing it. Sev-
eral extra nets are always carried aboard the boat.
The fishing is practically all done outside the 3-mile limit and in
from 25 to 55 fathoms of water. Of the two grounds most resorted
to by San Francisco vessels one lies 4 to 8 miles southwest of Point
Rizes and the other about 8 miles south of the lightship off the en-
trance to San Francisco Harbor. The catches are not so large during
the winter, the supposition being that the fish have moved out into
deeper water during the period of rough weather.
While steamers are used almost entirely from San Francisco, in
Santa Cruz and Los Angeles Counties only gasoline boats are used.
Trammel nets.—The catch with trammel nets in 1915 amounted
to 3,510,154 pounds, valued at $134,766, showing a decline in quan-
tity since 1904 of 261,357 pounds, but an increase in value of $59,-
301. The catch was made up of flounders, barracuda, and perch, but
flounders comprised 88 per cent of the total. The use of these nets
is confined mainly to the counties in southern California, San Diego
County furnishing the largest quantity. The fishing is all done in
the Pacific Ocean, nearly nine-tenths of the catch being credited to
the shore fisheries.
The trammel nets used in this State are similar in construction
to those in general use elsewhere, consisting of three nets instead
of one, as in a gill net. The two outer nets have a 23-inch mesh
and hang about 12 feet deep. The inner web has a 9-inch mesh and
hangs about 16 feet deep. The two outer nets are of No. 12 cotton
twine and the middle one of No.9. The nets are from 72 to 80 yards
long, and about 20 are usually tied together and fished as one net.
They are set at right angles but not immediately adjoiming the shore.
An anchor weighing 25 pounds and a buoy, usually a 4-gallon keg,
are placed at each end of the net. Thelead line, weighted with about
25 pounds of lead, rests on the bottom. The nets are set either dur-
ing the day or night and ordinarily remain out about 24 hours before
lifting. They are commonly set a short distance from shore in from
160695 °—20——38
152 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
12 to 15 fathoms of water, but occasionally they are set as far out
as 4or 5 milesin 25 fathoms. The fishing is done at almost any time
during the year.
Pots and traps.—The catch with pots and traps in 1915 amounted
to 909,426 pounds, having a value to the fishermen of $131,111.
More than 98 per cent of the output was spiny lobsters, the remain-
der consisting of a few perch, rock bass, sea bass, and octopi. The
use of these forms of apparatus is confined to the more southern
counties of the State. The lobster pots are set on the kelp beds
near the shore, where the lobsters seem to gather for protection dur-
ing warm weather; but when it gets colder they move into deeper
water, and the fishermen follow them with their pots. The pots are
made of laths, usually about 3 feet long, 30 to 32 inches wide at the
bottom, narrowing to about 12 inches at the top, and about 12 inches
high. They are set singly, with a buoy line attached to each pot,
in water varying in depth from 3 to 20 fathoms. When fishing in
the deeper water it is often necessary to use from 40 to 60 pounds
of ballast to a single pot.
Hoop nets.—With the exception of a few crawfish taken in a small
stream in Sonoma County, the use of hoop nets was confined ex-
clusively to taking crabs, the catch of which in 1915 amounted to
1,157,567 pounds, valued at $111,930, all of which were taken in the
shore fisheries. Crabs are taken as far north as Del Monte County,
but practically none were taken commercially south of San Francisco,
from which place and vicinity most of the fishing was done. The
nets are similar to those used in Washington. They are set in the
Pacific Ocean, usually within a mile offshore, but a few are set as
far as 9 miles out. It is customary to have an interval of 150 yards
between the nets. Herring, perch, or shiners are used for bait and
are placed in a small, brass-wire cage fastened to the center of the
net. The hoops of the net are painted to prevent them from rusting
and rotting the twine.
Lampara nets.—The total catch with lampara nets in 1915
amounted to 10,989,512 pounds, valued at $106,906, of which squid
contributed about 55 per cent and sardines nearly 30 per cent of the
weight. The remainder of the catch was made up of 16 other species.
Lampara nets were used in San Francisco, Monterey, Los Angeles,
and Orange Counties only. This net is said to have originated in
Italy and was introduced into California by fishermen from that
country. It is constructed somewhat on the principle of a com-
mon haul, or beach, seine, except that the lead line is shorter than
the cork line, which creates a bag or bunt in the back of the net for
the collection of the fish. The average length of this net is about
120 yards and the depth 35 to 50 feet. The bag, which is about 100
feet long, is made of No. 20-6 cable-laid twine, and the remainder
of No. 6 cotton thread. The bunt has a 1-inch mesh, the next 50
feet of the net have a 4-inch mesh, the next 120 feet an 8-inch mesh,
and the remainder an 18-inch mesh. A line, 15 fathoms long, of
No. 15 manila rope, is attached to each end of the net. The twine
used, the size of mesh, and also the manner of construction differ
according to the individual ideas of the fishermen.
A lampara net is always hauled into a boat instead of on the beach.
The fishing is usually done in shallow water, as it is desired that the
lead line be on or close to the bottom. From three to five men,
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. bos
with one and sometimes two skiffs are necessary to operate the net.
When operated with one boat, the method is as follows: When a school
of fish is sighted one end of the net, with a buoy and sometimes an
anchor attached, is thrown out. The boat is then rowed in a circle
around the fish, the net in the meanwhile being let out as the boat
moves. When the buoy or starting point is reached an anchor is
thrown out from the side of the boat away from the net to prevent
the latter from being interfered with by the boat. Some of the men
then begin pulling in from the bow and others from the stern of the
boat until the bag is alongside, when the fish are dipped out. The
net is then overhauled and made ready for another layout. It is
sometimes fished from two boats by first dropping the bag of the net
overboard, then the boats, each with its share of the net, being rowed
in opposite directions, until the boats meet after: making a circle.
The men in the boats then exchange ends of the net and anchor the
boats, after which they begin png in, keeping the wings crossed as
they pull, until the bag reaches the space between the two boats.
It takes at least four men with two boats to haul the net in this
manner, which is followed mostly by the Japanese in the lower part
of California.
Seines.—The output with seines in 1915 amounted to 3,537,965
pounds, with a value to the fishermen of $98,394. Of this amount,
2,968,737 pounds were taken in the shore, and the remainder
in the vessel, fisheries. As compared with 1904, there was a de-
crease of 551,446 pounds in quantity, but an increase of $5,030
in value. Seines were operated in 19 of the 27 counties of the
State having fisheries, but sardines taken in the shore fisheries of
Monterey County constituted more than 31 per cent of the total
seine catch. Chinook salmon taken in the counties bordering on
the Sacramento River and smelt taken mainly in the ocean are
also worthy of mention. Besides those mentioned, 30 other species
were taken with seines. The seines used in the vessel fisheries were
mostly purse seines, and averaged about 528 yards each in length,
while those in the shore fisheries were mostly haul seines and averaged
only 132 yards each in length.
Fyke nets.—¥ yke nets are fished only in five counties of the State,
all located on the Sacramento River and its tributary, the San Joaquin
River. The latter river was much the more important of the two.
The total catch in 1915 amounted to 598,776 pounds, valued at $26,-
327, as compared with a catch in 1904 of 541,123 pounds, valued at
$15,285, showing an increase both in quantity and value, but espe-
cially the latter. In both years the catch consisted mainly of catfish,
though small quantities of five other species were taken. The fyke
net commonly used has five hoops, the largest being 5 feet and the
smallest 2 feet in diameter, the total length of the net being 10 feet.
The bait, which in fishing for catfish commonly consists of salt shad,
is placed in a small knit bag at the end of the fyke net.
Abalone outfit.—The output with abalone outfits in 1915 consisted
of 24,026 pounds of live abalone, valued at $517; 730,974 pounds of
abalone meat, valued at $16,830; 74,000 pounds of abalone shells
valued at $1,890; and $1,240 worth of pearls and blisters, the total
quantity amounting to 829,000 pounds, valued at $20,477, as com-
pared with 833,678 pounds, valued at $10,873, in 1904. The tables
show a very large decrease in abalone sold alive, but an increase in
154 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
abalone meat, as compared with 1904. There has been an increase in
abalone shells, but a decrease in pearls sold. Los Angeles supported
an abalone industry in 1904, but laws passed since then have prac-
tically prohibited a continuation of the industry.
Kelp harvesters.—Kelp harvesters were employed in only - three
counties—Los Angeles, San Diego, and Ventura. The total output of
kelp in 1915 amounted to 5,000,000 pounds, having a value of $2,500.
No comparison can be made with any previous report, as the industry
has developed since the outbreak of the European war, when the
importation of potash from Germany ceased.
Dredges, tongs, rakes, forks, etc.—These forms of apparatus were em-
ployed only in the shore fisheries, the catch consisting of clams, oys-
ters, mussels, turtles, and seaweed. The total value of these products
in 1915 amounted to $210,436. As compared with the output of
corresponding apparatus used in 1904, there was a decrease of
$453,655 in value, this being due mainly to the decline in both the
native and eastern oysters.
Miscellaneous apparatus.—Under this heading are included beam
trawls, spears, dip nets, and nets for catching sea lion. The total
catch in 1915 with all of these forms of apparatus combined amounted
to 365,125 pounds, with a value of $12,065. The output consisted
of chinook salmon, surf fish, shrimp, and sea lion.
The beam trawls are used only in Alameda County, the output con-
sisting entirely of shrimp, taken in San Francisco Bay. The total
catch in 1915 amounted to 263,000 pounds, valued at $4,850. The
beam trawls are ordinarily used from gasoline launches of about 6
horsepower and are sunilar in construction to those used in Washing-
ton, except that they are smaller. The beam is about 18 feet long,
and the iron shoes upon which it rests raise it 18 inches above the
bottom. The bag is made of flax twine knit by Chinese. The fishing
is commonly done in about 2 fathoms of water.
The use of spears is confined to Shasta County, the catch of chinook
salmon with this apparatus being unimportant.
Dip nets are used in Humboldt and Sonoma Counties, the catch
in both counties consisting entirely of surf fish. The total output
in 1915 amounted to 57,000 pounds, valued at $2,320. The fishing
is done entirely in the ocean. The fisherman stands at the edge of
the surf and holds his net under it as it is breaking, no boat being
used. The net used in Humboldt County, when made to order,
costs about $10. It is triangular in shape, two of the sides consisting
of wooden strips 8 feet long connected at their outer ends by a string.
The netting attached to this frame sags a little below it to hold the
fish. A short distance from the point of intersection, and connecting
the two strips of the frame, is nailed a short strip, which serves as a
handle for the net.
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 155
YIELD OF THE VESSEL FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, By Counties, SPECIES,
AND APPARATUS.
Apparatus and species. Los Angeles. San Diego. San Francisco.
Seines: Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
Albacore (or tuna).........--.---- 25, 000 SY lal ips ies Cal ERE ene RR te
Rariicudavecetotsaseatcedssesens SS 4O0T | RANEORUTON Basen sees ore ha SESS Oe ae. Sees
BOnitOns secon seccece costes ccece TRS MU PAU | ped 9 cot A ee Re a een ane ie base lS
MackKeralim neotenic conte ans cere PPSGLOR Sven niosuues sa seense [ees cman sect ss Soccc ee eee
Teri el Sect) els SS EE eR ee PGES Ul hee Sogn DR ade Sarnia | bo sete Pepe melee! ERE is! SS
Salmon: 4@
Ghinooksees ee hs creer anes? CORLL E Del eee 0 3H GEE ee SC SEIS (Set eee nee eee
tame ee iors ek Suet ok 8s 005: tes CL OUE hoe ceeeeana|ee Gus Sse | coece casccclls an eee
LIVE ac etee pees eee eee ae 1 O-E SEH ON hele st (ACI (SS = arses] Pee tan eae [a ap Rete PAE Benes BO
Nea Dassicrs cotee occas soe cea cces S5000 ra Ake eseaa eee elects. so tale ace es | 2 on nae
See mackerel sss Poles sss. ‘a Pa erOd) een MOSS meceseeaaeelseecee tes. seesce sec ae =| saci aaa
BNOWwtaileweetne: coe seat sso oe ot TORSO |e eae Sten h See ase euler Sees alee ot fee os fos Se ee
RoLalwe tee Cheek eee eee ee Fy pad Seal Fo tg ec CY. | LS Seg ted a eee re i ie eae (PNR I
Gill nets:
BaITSCUGR 2 cette aa Seat 328, 000
IBDN ecceateaeeiace steers s—meaol 825
IDOEGHE © Bi aaecate soak BS hoe 1,500
MS GEBTOl Soe ce ca teste nian s © 4, 400
OMNDASS ses ceeee sccecict socc ce ootoa ;
BING Geese Sones eee n seetee eee ss 4,650
Spanish mackerel... .....2......... 32,100
Totally. Sasa cteroseech Ce sedan ae 379, 375
(POTS sO PENVWODSLGES os. cceesc cesses 4,020 520 20, 000 $2;.630) | 22 so-so |e saat eae =
Lines:
Albacore (or tuna)...-.......-...-. 820, 845 12, 295 179, 000 DOO sesceueseces (et eae ne
ATSACIOS SAO caceet cna von coe Ae een Sod e| occ ce wate 130, 000 By 200n bam eee ES
Mirrg ASS R eit Lat ae eS Se eae oe |e ee 0 ES es BE Reece pease ee 4,952,692 | $161,695
Iiskosaedee cscs m atone & cheer omen cas| pecs ace c as 24, 000 G03 hose wens ene clos aeaneaae
NewS Satcadeeesee cop cts cee eek ceccte aed laeecceomen 88, 000 3, O20 eos tccteencleccacemaes
HVOCEKUISHOS So meeeccc esate cs wooo e ke 53, 100 1, 565 71, 000 a20 oes cecsee| peasant oo
PPAISISIIMACK ONG oan eee eee [indo a ea] tee sees 11, 000 AOD" | ee Se ee aie
PHlow tae salted esse ae ee Se lise aenie bs boneneeen ae 69, 000 ZEIGE ee oe See sealant cee
DUMIELOME UES nee ee Ret ae beter alow seas Mal tee Stone dolecactat ace 7, 400 370
IN UEN Pick Seal ons Se bh tee ae 873,945 | 13,860] 572,000 |> 16,935 | 4,960,092 | 162,065
Paranzella nets:
IN GG BS es Ret Be See 21,185 GOSaleneence lesbo ecnne 2,027,919 36, 617
Ha 704
4,
3,
ee SETH) 721g ORR ie ee et 7,000 PA AY) ae ap he ae) Waele en A | es cee ieee Rane
pllowtatl: cucascedcececacucesoe. 15, 000 Cp. Vig Li ara td) eee tl bat Sed ne |e aes:
LUNE) Be Bk NS yee ached a 44,700 UES (od |e eS ul aa rd ee ae aE |e eaae ts ae =
—————————| ——<—<———$——I —_—<—<—<$—
Trammel nets: Flounders............. 251, 500 8,485 81, 500 FAQ ee eo ere
Kelp harvesters: Kelp. ..............- 3, 000, 000 1,500 | 2,000, 000 DB OOU eometerccte -l=<5<cnmctor
Grand Lota saeeperns ce acu ce acne 5, 127, 253 58, 793 | 2,673, 500 22,968 | 11,378,339 260, 473
a The salmon were taken by a California vessel fishing in the Columbia River.
156 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
YIELD OF THE VESSEL FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, By CcunTIES, SPECIEs,
AND ApPpARATUS—Continued.
Apparatus and species. Santa Cruz. Ventura. Total.
Seines: Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
ATHACOrG (Orting) tan esccsseeesceslecces esccelesn ce Soa caleae ates telescceesiaas 25, 000 $375
IBAITACHGS Sask aoe ee conc eco c une loceos cee goa gabeck est -lesp atone macleeenassce 158, 700 6, 045
BOnitos sige sse eee aces re che ha aac oc eas ees nase de| See oeteerne| se ecesas == 18,020 515
ARGO TSS eet cn ttace ceiceoe lansec cn coe elnee wee sree 3, 200 $64 3, 200 64
Wotaltsec ke eek hese ale ce aces oceans sll neti en oes | Moeeeenies | eeetemae 379, 375 14,342
Pots: Spiny JOUSters: couch accesoees scloceececses= eee eee 7, 900 1,027 31, 920 4,177
Lines:
JATbacore\ (Or: tuna) a. sc acpeeeseese tee aeccsess|soaee cece 29, 000 300 | 1,019, 845 15, 270
IBATTACHOs Salted emcee seems eee as ea ceene sae eee eae eee eaten eee aes 130, 000 5,200
God aalted: “65.2 oo. ccc oe cn ciclo ee cad bg ee ie chen aoe 4,952}692 } 161; 695
Hakensaltad Peete en s8s Saas sence aaaees dedee| Cee eeetaas| sce bee eeeos | Saeeeeaere 24, 000 960
Wewiish® Salted see2ks2s2 Vase. l fotos ee as oo eee ere terse panes ere ree 88, 000 3,520
RapkAShies{.! 5-2-2525 Seni yl eee 14, 730 471 138, 830 3) 456
Spanish mackerel nsec se oaeteee (Cae eee nine [ae eae ee eae ae ae eens 11, 000 400
PllOwiAtl SAlLOG entece paces acce See seccieetas| emieasne oe | pineiaeee see |e sere 69, 000 2,760
CGforabaitoraV qb ehpbed sat er Dh ee epee bees Jo oec PaseeHsob.| rccchseSadRonsesacee 7, 400 370
Ota NS fo chun aca ot oe eelo eee ce ne oe eric we meme sarae 34, 730 771 | 6,440, 767 193, 631
Paranzella nets:
WMlounders! cet eee ceaewcocseceles 158, 800 $45 660) Sees eee 2, 207, 904 41, 882
1a eee ee een Se eed 7,600 {Ai Sel Cae e et Pace nce 167, 950 780
Minehish a jecccscacessorosetesonees 30, 200 OG Sap 8S 5 Sele oe ee 108, 585 2; 563
SAIN PCOG en eae co asec eee eee 8, 800 Fr ee oes ee hes acs ica 47, 848 1, 235
SPOMPANO wees eee re omen aceasta SC BRC Re EEE aeasaacns 559
Rockfishess ase. os cc eee eee ae 9, 800 D4 tl epee sa ss Albee Cee 36, 600 1,158
Sablefish< sees seo. cse eee ees 200 LOM ae eee, 40,120 140
Sardines 2 Bosse see nioe Teele oe ioe eles [sce eee bern eeeietea lesen eaters 125
pS [sta pl OY Gee ap ae a OR A ee Sie SR ACRE mnme Soece Sl (a Fame oe 11,325 671
SHANKS ss ee oe ah. pene ho Rela seep Rn. o'er PR KS eee lemmas he 978 ero tee Ree eres 4
Skates... 32 sit eee: 7, 000 TOs eosseeCe Se eee 171, 050 742
Sole: <5 -o 4s ees news eases os 339, 400 S485 elem k Saleen ene 4, 169, 450 63, 435
"DOWICOE faces fosee cc ae ec oe eee eee 8, 800 SSIS Ps Socios See ee eee 41,912 939
OGtOPIS-= 52 5c.. dadcccsteosecsseeas 2,400 a ae a ees ee 2, 627 162
Grabses. £ ses t See Tiss he ee aah 9, 614 Gaal DES eee PESTO 72 15, 519 1,113
Motal's isc cot sccewees acca ccnisete 582, 614 15 GLO lee sas nwt | ee aes 7, 022, 046 114, 929
Lampara nets:
BAlTacuda ns sseccteccee ASAE ROBE Ce aah: SAAS a Heese el ftetaec sete 15, 000 585
inprishest sss 2 Gath ae reteas|ete Re eiteta ate ceiseate Seca mame lee eone ne 4,500 90
MG arali ia tas $k hse wath cd veecn ne) jee ene teres eho Pee Ose em emaeenrostactel| became atte 3, 200 82
Spanish mackerel............ Tee dilccceoanek delim econ ce lbtcte anasto leecaxee men 7, 000 200
Yellowtail............ 3 bits eee ee eet es a ee eerie cate emeeeneeere 15, 000 420
MGtalsmieesessesess st ose coc ddl se cece cosa lees Gene oe nee certo wale Senos nee 44,700 1,377
Trammelnetss Hlounderss! 2. .se.codelcoceocet nel et cecnece voce acne | teanemcens 333, 000 10, 888
Kelp harvestetss Kelpi). 2. icc2-tescede[eccsensseste BASES Hoorote eA Prdciccincerac 5, 000, 000 2,500
Grand totale easssetemac ee aces 582, 614 15, 916 59, 330 2,577 | 19,821, 036 360, 727
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. £57
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, By
CouNTIES, SPECIES, AND APPARATUS.
BY SEINES.
Species. Butte. Colusa. | Contra Costa. Del Norte. Glenn.
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.| Pownds.| Value.| Pownds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value
CAT eee ees eee sae carcuellanccesee 2,300 $253|) OSs 000) | SU 0200 a coe salen etic alloca coaene
WIQUNO ers aha ns |(oa ses sec | saceaes afeyye se cmeele dees oe 9, 000 BB) I setsere te | Serer
Garmin ee TOS see |e se se ton. | cetasn cel caso essere lone sacc 4, 500 VA Oe ae eel | an 2
Perch
Salmon
Chinook......-. 5 49, 420 |$1, 235 | 80,000 | $6,000
Silver 15, 552 201i es an'='srcbel a ene
Shad roe Phereta eiecerare ate || pee DOUG | mmm doin ercererer tester [Per teycretn ollie terete sta xvas io creel ots ac a sree lio ee omer
SHUN CUS ee eee toes ee nme ss ol ae cane eeenoelwe LeaO0i | SOS ket. ONC RSA aso sae
Smelt TRUE TE DOS | 6S" (Res Be BC ease Seenooced Mesence
Striped bass......-. 500 40 700 (3) Se sacGond oes saad jpesepe aod seeecee 1, 500 120
TSN -{270) 0 ee 600 40 2,030 ISIS) So SebRebd eae tesa |Spbaee sed lebeoode 3,000 310
Sturgeon roe....... 200 120 326 1A Se See sees lage = yall oeiersin Seale esters ae 300 180
cpp talees eerie 82,800 | 6,720] 50,856 | 3,895 | 104,000 | 2,241 | 64,972] 1,468 | 84,800] 6,610
Species. Humboldt. Marin. Monterey. Orange. San Francisco.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.
PATICHOMIGS sem areas [eee sae eee ease tao eal eaten | ek Mee eck eke cre tle scénse 32,800 | $1,375
IGT CT ea 3] eee 6 aH ome ne eesoaomed Gosered Hecoaspese tlcmene 18,500 | $370 1,700 50
IRE C ASRS aaa spcccel Eeoer ene Ge cece (samemaee (Gere mcn Cee ome ae (ee ieee 3,000 SOO} Eee ee eee a eee
9,780 |1,274,000 | 6,880 | 247,500 [11,970 | 122,950 | 5,595
Species. San Joaquin. San Mateo. Shasta. Sonoma. Sutter.
Pounds.| Value. | Pownds.| Value.| Pownds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.
GCanpieecess sass cece Gates |r aye ascen Geel be cede el lSeenasp as ese we Sel 5 ete a ee 9, 802 $106
Catfishi2s5-------- 2. 17, 000 rh jes Sey ee a ce AU ae (as em 32,000 | 1,296
Se Wlotniaerss eee oe eas el rset oss |e eos. | ees aauck be ews ie a srets eee 1,500 S60) | sea see sree
Hardhead.......... 4,674 Ee ea arcSe cl Ee taal rerhesee tha Hk cop Ol Seo Rey bl eee 1, 500 110
SURE, ATE Gad leeodeanee RaSeneee] eae neice Spekeee ABeR REET mentee 20, 000 U0) SeeRSse Ged eckebase
TRE ASS asec oe eae reared ope ene e] Eels [Seaman fea Neiamen i HE Siete 105000) |e B00) | Sas taaeIRe coe
Pike, Sacramento..| 4,960 Ure) ee ented eben dl ahaescrcd|osccsud |sectSoaes Pai naes | spoeSossd seed ee
Salmon: Chinook..| 7,000 etl leSarme soa |Sooocee TOROOO SOT 2 IE aa tes |sinclane e|iteecaae.| canteen
Nea Passeastee soeet 1, 250 llkececar cea Scegee looksaccGd beaccee Soaceae 6 Ron Sdn seboeaeed jeeeer ac
Shad a) Foe eS 40, 000 Crt) Soho need Seco ke ed ee eae PEP RES (CREE R an RREe SLE er nek pease E
Dhaditoess.ceceeeee 4,000 Bethe eetacose| bees see |Pesecccad| Heedesd [Sesenence| bseese sSoogcec Bees aSe
LEG) ee ae RRRS nad ace Ses 4 secadeee 1, 500 eM needeec a becca Ase SIE bad 5947 EERE Ra Fai
Split-tails.......... 1, 466 [Fin | loc aaa ER el eee, a Eee sie oe | LDR al IS 75 1
Striped bass........ 5,301 AdON SD ccatrcoes| siecle 1, 247 Mod) coceesed occccc Conboesed| laces str.
DUCKEIS <- es cas csc 1,375 TAU | lenses ened esesae|lbeesoesed lL sceeed SS | Essen 54 1
Sin TiS coos ac ceed (See Ase ae eee! [SE ee al in een sn Dee 2000) | Mael4OUl ste sec oe] 35-06
Burtlesse. 2 oss 5055 22 (oa ce chs pececon eoror ont: | bee nce baasobed:| oc ocakd Seseemere| Seaeos=
Patal:c.2s2%s 150,334 | 4,502] 1,500 60 | 20,247] 1,214] 33,500] 650] 43,431] 1,514
158 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
CountiEs, SPECIES, AND ApPpARATUS—Continued.
BY SEINES—Continued.
|
Species. Tehama. Ventura. Yolo. Total.
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. Pounds. Value.
Anchovies......-.-.|-.--------]----------|----------]----------|----------|---------- 32, 800 $1,375
IBarrachiGaiss = ca ce) nee satan a ee ie eal alle ee ee on eee ee 34, 000 680
OES epee ec See sees apes Shs hopes eet lose Sed asl Raseorson- 8,300 $126 151, 688 2,771
Oatiishesi¢ce ete 275 (RL ae Same eee oa eesot 984 58 50, 259 2,170
10 foe Gis ean eat S ae nadie Shed ee Seb hec les Sosteene (SSSocsor od ESE SASO SS 19,315 380
Hardhead...65<oen lit vee cose[ceeuecbe ik Siege Bios Tet Perea eee 2, 865 314 9, 039 570
Herring
1diel een eel eer c6 Sed AGadsp seed (oem a eeeee| Seataeaose Ressotoo 8 eAccscrtice 229, 994 1,850
SEVUG a ataeas- —sbeeeescd esececser| tao sesbsen |saocaecond fesse eeiss||A-sSaohen4 50, 000 1,000
Kingfish... .. DE ee| Moe an eV NIEISEeL LY 57 2,300 $16 || Ser eaik ia |e le 22, 500 466
Min leteeets tence ns eee eee ete ee ae ame bicieee| aceon aa] ee aera cian le are eee 3,000 300
Eyl tere i hs) ye tes | a SY bh ee 850 AS Ween cece ees ce cee 136, 350 3,978
Pike OACTaATeniO n=] eee eas] -eeeeiese=+| aeee sere =| ee aaeeaad 39 1 4,999 130
Salmon:
Chinook........ 1415501" se Oe Ra eh ee eee oes 465, 682 31, 650
SHINee ee se Sa ESesas == Se Steosaed [Seasce a aed aS sSse5e| f= ene 4 ese Ses 8: 15, 552 233
Sardines
LSS eRe ase (Seeene ser easaeoses Bee coassec| Stans oad see esesadSeegsoa52¢ 1,115, 200 6, 225
SHEN 57a es nes el cet al LB poe WN Se=| [Sepa ere Geel begat Raat Sl be ee oe | aa 1, 400 80
SENT) OU ee sl eee oa A seeeanesc fs costes eoasecc ged) Sos oseeoos 555-5555: 1, 250 50
Shadeeeeeo ey a 200 ig eee Siena aE Se Rae AG |S oe PE 40, 200 603
Shad Towser |e ele ce cece | pee a ee cl ace eretom tens | aera ae eee iaer 5, 505
Sirah Se soko |pestese sees esse sasced|soqaAeate | saece se sor|loee coos ce) S= Sareea: 11, 400 248
Malte seas chee cee = Atl Sane see 20, 000 R09 Rae eSaese (SeSsc452 287, 624 14, 594
Split-tails...... Be ee aces Becker es o5|saeroe: cee SeeHeee sed HESHesee ss [Gases se 1, 541
Striped bass.......- 539 PIS dee ak Bac fe a a? 2 400 28 12, 687 1,080
PSL Tr e( 70) ce Nee) a a | Pr Seal | he Ste aes pe enbosde [sosanacacs 5, 630 485
SU iret Yaya lp oY es | |e ery oe ae eel ee od Bocsecaa5-||secoae tae poe as c= 826 447
S]HCHGa SE SEE i Bel (pas a ee Fee in (SE Sea ae ner cashes sae cage lsoede sé fae 1, 429 71
FSS aS Seager nee ao eee [See cesocee Sasnageese hosonoageg sechce+6e 67, 000 4, 690
eee RAR eee (S55 eaabod |S Ses cscs SASSSs 334 eae. Soo sed||nornSbote oh /Ssebsens5s 600 70
Seperate tae, bape a9 ee fae te a es del) het | Sede 2 51, 250 2,050
peat Beesee aes SeeEces ee Mesescseecd Pata Sec-|lscsoeda se. 140, 000 700
od ees eaees 8 |BSS ees Sa eae SS soa ceo ge ssh ag se SosGssee 22 4
13,136 | 23,150 1,124 | 12,588 527 | 2,968,737 79, 511
BY GILL NETS,
[
Species. | Alameda. Contra Costa. Del Norte. | Glenn. Humboldt.
Pounds.| Value.| Pounds, | Value. | Pouwnds.| Value.|Pounds.| Value.| Pownds.| Value.
Carpeta wore se ceiesc|esrensbe|- seamen 29, 000 SOLOW 2 sce cee lence Sal eww eee |+ see oe [poset nese Eee
Flounders.......--. 5,000 | $150 7,000 105°|. cose olees > S| see sess) bee 15, 458 $455
1a Ginn belie a anise |S seRs5e5 Gobeocs 2, 1D Eas Beeere o ape ones paeenad Massosose||s5>2---
Perch -oeeee ea 2,000} 180 1, 500 60! (Scere se reese |e oe | eee ee eee
Pike, Sacramento..|.........|...-.-. 4, UU eee cedeeleesoced tices oabd sscce-ooseescogelsa-~
almon:
Chinook....... 300 18 |1, 859, 825 | 95,956 | 655, 000 |/$14,767] 1,300 $95 | 498,786 | 19,491
Bilvertee ote ate eb letececel semcececee score cae 1:74, 846") S497 enone eee 86,072 | 3,304
Shad, fresh
Sharks
Smelt
Steelhead trot co. c|t2 = oa -cc len ceeeltee Sanosbe [besoin keteadecs| an ceectlekeseske Eee Seee 32,405 | 1,288
Stingray..........- G05, OOD | 1s BID | a3. cece dias oka -|- ose asinc tenes och eee aees tou Saeed aa: cece
Striped bass.....-- 99,000") 7, 565 11, 086) 263/184, .676) |i soe colo o ence seem [steele an slael el e
SUUTPOO eee oie co [bn cece [cae hase coals winters | em aalaitel sere Steins [acne oe eiatelene el eters 8, 010 250
Total.......- 788, 800 |10, 463 |7, 291, 328 |227, 309 | 829,846 |18,264 | 1,300| 95 | 665,096 | 25, 802
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 159
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
Counties, Species, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY GILL NETS—Continued.
Species. Los Angeles. Marin. Mendocino. Monterey. Orange.
| | eee
Pounds, | Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds, | Value.|Pounds. | Value.| Pownds.| Value.
Anchovies ..-..---- iss 5) | kak STE a Se ell ba ec I Ss cet Lee rie ene ial | DRE NOIE boss
Barracuda, freshi- |. 665, 960) 122,032) |. 2: -.22s:|o55... [02s a2. |e cecsclencs---2-|eene--- 38, 300 | $1, 732
Bonito s4-<e2ee- cee 270, 687 2, 000 $50 1, 600 48
Flying fish.......-- 245 G)|sa Fess e MAE Gan oo emee nc|e ste ane| cocked asl ec a .| ut 70
IGER RS asa Reena | eet eee Sscctoele OA OUON pr S2Le) [eke s as sas [acto k os [cg rca etree oc setters ee
Kn epshicas stee eet 120, 891 23, 000 b75 | 2.2 | ee
Mackerel, fresh. - - - - EAD MSE) eecsk ocd banetecl Hs satcehtl Kosetce Rene eeniy eeeeoe 51,500 | 1,030
Derehi ss 75sec 35, 278 R 6, 000 30 5, 500 165
Pompano: 2222-4 - 14 O02 400K Ss Soaesas| teins date nos| a sccee enti ee altace ck 850 85
Salmon:
CHINOOK at sce acest Soeceu| => OAG00) |e OSOl lame eee sen. Soe ol ek deo oe
UWeR = aot ae ce |e eee oases cee eee | ODONOOON ISL O40 ek on 3. Meee oes ee al ee
Seasbassessssactee: 146, 951 8,800] 365] 35,200] 1,735
Sea trouteess bee eee CAT |e 20) | one te Rec BCAA EnBoe Re COene trrcccter cre seoac Ecorse Seeiel
SMelisss.3 speek 81, 316 5,314 BQO Neca ees oh ee
Spanishimackerel 25-073; O30) 52970222 = eee | sekeed -|ocossesde|sesonce| acces sent sebic.c|eezeeee cn flu cues
Binipedibass eee cr: --souseathoacesscn Dy AOUG] MESO I aasaa soca ate cisicas| etnias) a eeeehe ees an etn es
DUEMES tines scceotN Sees ewes. fa 2-|' Oi OUUI | -2454|. Saacaaseluecinscclepe ee os suerntoncleckeen wee] son eee
Swordnshss. cecen. BOO! ree Silk .cecic os Seeedes|temse os onlUerinase|sbeeeucesle acon ibeneneaee ee
an b Olsen sceeoeees: |= o eecanenlsasseee 600} | > i Sadlercasceas|aonaeet des sauaee kets con [ee J
Yellowtail, fresh... 1625998) PAR SSO Esse ccss| seme |osee ee nec nota ccleecconeee|s ace eeclee
Crapssee see ee eke ee Reed Gee Gee eee 17, 210
Rotalees 1, 532, 274 /52, 654 | 210,000 | 9,545 | 26,000 | 1,040 | 62,324 | 1,574 | 132,950 | 4,795
|
Species. Sacramento. San Diego. San Francisco. | San Joaquin. ~ ouueee
Pounds.) Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds, | Value. Pounds.| Value. |Pounds.) Value.
PDACOLO OL GMa ="|-4 2022 salle acsece 2,371 S16) |e Saas ese lecsac ce losieseainste|scicecincts| Moo aseice| Mae
Barracuda:
POSH ves ee ee ta. Santen | so wacias PASO 2 ASTROS O5 Hal errs ac |Pcterataeis ecto waeie ac Porites 3, 000 $120
GS Oe Le ee ees LO DUG) bra GOU | cia rd a6 | Shcisaadlemonrdas asl eneocas|cuuccs | hear
BOWIEOS. 0-25 tees | foe wears cos oe 33, 062 DOES lecrats Sasa dl untels oda erslocreen ae [pee Mteuerec cl Seabees
Carpe cL ee 3, 000 be AU pe oe eee [Ae epee 1205000: |$2;:400) oes ccs[eucce ccs] de eee
WOM ETS: sak eee en este aca sose hoc seeca| saceas 200, 000 G00) [econo 2 fe eer es | oem oe
Celeb 1S RA Re ea ce | ne eS eee F OU | etalaretatalaiala!| etaloetataa tone eioteial = sete
Horse mackerel: =.|-....2ce|scc2ees 295 GiGi is sas] nace |p cents selesmuice aoe a ele [eens
PAPHSNE See e ne | Sobe ater ace cece 2,156 50 6, 500 200) | ace ceasc| oe eeeca|teeceeee tee Boace
Mackerel
CSUR REA. Se aes Se eee meee 400 Sulit sastecyd|Pewlecoaleteeexs WeeeGes s]acewaettfaoee 508
Bilted: hese) etre | ess A250 ees 259): ets asco le eens Salerey eon eae: Feo egeeaee| oa
LEC COME Sane! eee ed eee 217 5 1, 450 OO} caceme cslecce tne seweeceelssecess
IPONEPANO ee Soe See8 oe Lessee | eens aoe 229 Zi) eiarerasiav aod ees a5|beeecitasa| te cmaticaleemeeee| soe cane
Sa tment Chinook . ./214, 346 |12, 441 |..........)....... 136, 000 | 7,500 | 193,409 |$10, 030 }........|.......
SECO NITIES ON) ee ae aol el ae | eye es ae ee 3, 600 200) [oe e2a ctoss| aaciacan| Comes on tameome
Reabasse. =. ge rese eum nt sale ates 261, 703 | 8,351 240, O00) 12, OOONE <5: 3 S42 ee So oce | boas aa ce [pees
19 5
115, 707 75,000} 8,750
ee mackérelv|o2~- sbelusseace 9, 034 ABU onesies] kacoseeltnwckee eal cecencelbere caaaleematoe
Striped bass...- - 35 39 |. , 5 449! |. ce eeee | nade
Sturgeon...... 0 , 59 Dilepeeetes|ssedene
Sturgeon roe Dolecen cane araacee
Yellowtail:
LiCl eS ed Coa con) Eee AGA s800 Wow ite sas clen eases ectsiencale nce coil eesseee e | seen
SVs Pe Ae eo 2 Ree eee DD, OOO ML AIG} teeta tare deck oe ss|pbceeesulbsaccete[acecet ee em pike
otal eee! 282, 086 |16, 094 |2, 260,329 |68, 388 |3, 460, 550 |76, 100 | 868,553 | 24,201 | 78,000 | 3,870
160
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
CouNTIES, SPECIES, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY GILL NETS—Continued.
Species Santa Barbara. Santa Cruz. Solano. Sonoma.
Pounds,| Value. | Pounds.| Value. Pounds. Value. | Pounds.| Value.
Barracuda, fresh..-| 162,000 $6, 210 5, 780 $230 | 2c. c5c eS ae ec eee
BOMIEO 2 oetssesm a 30, 000 T(t BES Ben enc Me Sener Meme tee one Bre 2 Ser acct ee
IOI Pe tas on om sc] s stan semis sieeiot crciene 890 AQ ose cv ctiebells wa Ssekec eo ceneeee eee ee
Kinphshesc sose cee 1,500 80 )) oct. enc cle ee aaa. dee ee Ps Ne oes eee ae eee
Mackerel, fresh... -- 5, 000 ag ee art eer Demeter ie (Me hep os A ee ee || oa
Perch) 2. <5 eee es 1,000 20 6, 000 300). 252.2053 UIE 4. Sos eee ae
Pike NOacramento sc [erence seen | oma mcs +(e motes |e taser ses 25 cL Ee ee
OPA DANOA ee see 3] eens eae | celts eis 687 68!) 22225 sacs 453/t oes tcc cee eee bee
Salmons Chinook! eee cack wc| Sect nt~ac| aocbanlnsealeee toeeaee 1, 179, 244 60, 524 6, 000 $200
Sardines..........- 1, 000 20| 21,931 2201 gact goa See No cch cece d| yee ee
Seaibass=sec coe oto 50, 000 1,900 86, 860 BATE canaeces Se|ec05 oe ce ne oot Siete eee
Neawirout.cs-eeee-- 2,000 0 Ee Se ee Boaccodese Pp sescanbes 4) 2 ce heese lass occ cee lee oee eee
Shad ireshesece sacs loc ne cnckcalsaee cee 478 24 176, 827 23650 '\|;..8s05ee4| eee
SMelteesasene eee ac: 16, 325 865 30, 000 200: S53. Seo 5 Seed nett. oaeeeee eee eee
Spanish mackerel..} 41,300 826 Woe tec ciel a sprecacs sa tanacaneacele cs oe peice becca ee
Striped bass’ 22sec lessees macle sc cc eteen | tee aem nee | neers aan 208,544 | 17,787 2,000 160
SlOrECON ce. eee lace soee cal sewe eee eestor eee omnes 2,367 tl Bppeesaner Boece 7-5 -
SEU POOMTOO Sacer] occ is's.ceers| oe cee eae locas deaee nomeeeeoe 427 250). 552 noe] abeekieeee
Yellowtail, fresh. - - 3, 150 toll Boa ear eed saces bese | becqanearomd |Sosenar nado stesscaclecsse-o2
PAS rae.e cet cca se ee se soiaetceral paw steerer 223, 859 15; 262 | ose.-:0:6.4 tea|b. 3-4 ise oan eee ee
otal eeeeee 313,275 | 11,054 376,485 | 20,798] 1,567,434 | 81,393 8, 000 360
Species. Sutter. Tehama. Yolo. Total.
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. Pounds. Value.
AM Vo COD MUA Se ol gees Goel |S86San Sane Ss SoSessa Sas deseo |SsaesASed tos ese-54 2,371 $76
ANCHOVIES <\<Fe:s720/5%(s| Sao SNS oe S| Sse SESE ek Se oe ee ese [D eaieee. e S e 12, 585 130
Barracuda:
1s) Oe ae ae ee eee ene dl (CR A Oe ee Sar eaoS Gre Gaeeeee SoEeGrs snd |adesoaacs- 2, 137, 481 70, 282
Halted eee secbl ce cccteac| psoas cance] ec eecunnel pom n oneal ec ocemen ca leaemeceeee 198, 000 7,900
BONGO ess hoc seen ose | se aceosendloc es eeeeee |e eeamanan|se cee encee omer eee: |nenae cee 337, 349 9, 404
Carpe eee te el on eee en [ete Soe age ae are ee eee 1,000 $15 153, 000 2,965
WYOUNGErshs 2 oxo ctele pews uttoma|’waccte tee ees Cheol eens sees pais Seco e cee 227, 458 1,310
WT YATt TSM too s.0det| oases a ataes|sece se oe co Leer meme Sc seccueas| eastsomnalneasere see 245
Hlerniti gine ise cecoce | screecactoe s | sears ce Se (OR ee ae Le eee oe coe pees 533,390 5,246
Horse mackerel ace es sce tae nee cacti naetam ocean lee ceoh ces | Comte oteicten | ememnce ners 295
Keim Ph Shs hoon c ne ate Saesewetuaelaiass se eece loose Seeinde lacs ones wal been deetelnsscemaes 154, 047 3,472
Mackerel:
Mesh. Jee ost|s vce Seetee| ew cboatc net Bekele |e deh eiew s ateemee eer |Neassteeee 104, 470 2,555
(SEEN CH [AR Sem | eR aap hoes RR Ie Be aS Te eS Oo 6, 450 259
Percheeeeccc cece ect) cascweoelemenccntee | sb eeeee | sosbeee eos |pateemee ss |heemenesee 68, 945 1,825
PIKE SACraMeNntO: fl. cch.c<cee [seen ciisace aoe ea eee ete oa Meee seal eee 4,625 . ol
IPOMPAaNO, |. = 0<.2- o< 5 |Noeseeee de tatoos aba ames | Scenes cass] aecimemiceclh tae cetecs 15, 768 1,580
Salmon:
Chinook......- 3,071 $173 1,627 $81 88, 560 4,760 | 4,844,368 226, 366
DVED be sie icc el ace. weet hie omtsiobiaes | 'seistmeireciss| eo eee aos see ee ee eines 286, 918 7, 841
Hardiness ss. sac ioe | nacite soba ¢ aicmsicette =|ee ee wectee| aaebinccmenc le ceiom on sete teeease eee 26, 531 490
80a DASS = Soca ce st | See e oot oe [bate =e ee | ce See ae [eet eclaninse Natiecsiamer| peeeece mee 900, 014 36, 909
Sa ArOutis. jooc scales cee see eonc sc biee<| seetetceccapaeeee ancoamenionen cea|Penete oetste 2,519 105
Shad:
redhat se 1, 245 36 10 1 64, 962 1,108 | 6,805, 808 66, 379
BSTEOO Ec care wohl iste dicts Steals itstatete lace pene cecctete asa tcc ga |e ee eae te 10, 000 125
R06 tcc css ee 61 CF] ee es Ree See 4, 634 434 21, 533 1, 986
Sharks soe Soossacooe Bess scceaele cctenchaoalacct aaaneleoepeatetn ltrmiaaeasiec eaeee sae 65, 000 1
SIM ace, oF cei one veh | So Sareiacloae) = sae wiobinsiclleiss Sinemsicarel Seetemete mais enemeineitee | peeecaws 797, 527 35, 350
Spanishimackerel’.t| <2 <.cccwecl* ce acuh cae Mele rinecion alk ctetrecioiee| Mnemiceetean |Remteemncee 123, 365 3,977
Steelhead itroire «ae «| ooceis 5:0 casey oo were bicoel| avec Smasnictecc| Se epeean ake | aetnatele = l yar cicreteara 32, 405 1, 288
SUMET AY echeines ote wee | os aiwapc tyne Fetslacie biniac| sists bowel cess Ree PAE Ree teenies 605, 000 1,512
Striped bass.......| 5,744 AQT setae ee eee eee 12, 511 883 | 1,769,161 | 145,631
Sturgeon. cee. 5. l ee ke Le eee. ae 55 3 183 14 11, 294 502
Shurveon i peses seeks ses ashe eceteaclacebtecess|caceac sees | pence seaec pes eewedtes 449 261
Burilashiers sss tte |" soc neces |toscetconelecocese cs slseaenetcret temaccee eel temas cme 3, 500 245
Swords: sce Ss [snc cece Paces se once coh om ca be emteeece | emer cisjsete | memroare omens 360 8
MLL D Obsession civ cette |e carloncie | siewice been lonboelnaneelee ace User] sickle ee eclaeceeeeee 700 85
Yellowtail:
roel eter = nc| a2 Sec ces cen icin‘ci eel ecistew alae el ais amctowinehe Serine cam ck |ainammcictaat 378, 793 8, 016
Salted estes scone |Lesmentecealoucpenectsal Se secem tes eeemisotor| sameeren 55, 500 1, 983
Crabst saci Se eel ec, cl see'gsscceall Lowectscet | paid ean! eerie al |e Re aa 241, 069 15, 391
Total eeceeee 10, 121 622 1, 692 85 | 171,850 7,214 | 20,938,293] 661,720
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 161
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
CounTI&Ss, SPECIES, AND ApPARATUS—Continued.
BY HOOP NETS.
Species. Del Norte. Humboldt. Marin. San Francisco.
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pownds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.
Crabsteeet ee 26,667 | $2,000} 24,420] $1,022} 168,600] $16,494] 929,080] $91,514
Snecies. San Mateo. Sonoma, Total
Pounds. Value. Pounds.| Value. Pounds. ‘Value.
Crabsesertvasss sed 3 86 ed Mireed 4, 800 $600 4, 000 $300 1, 157, 567 $111, 930
Crasher rt ee an es Fae a ORS VS aml oe eee ee R eae 550 265 550 265
Motaleee tea ote ree eee ee 4, 800 600 4, 550 565 1,158,117 112,195
BY POTS AND TRAPS.
Species. Los Angeles. Orange. San Diego. Santa Barbara.
Pounds. Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. Value.
$34
FROCKIDASS-ceee ne ee nee 1,350 De he ee aeeael Peta sae bets BEE Ce HES OSCOCCR DeSaoReory HaeCetaee
Seaibassaeeee ot 8 7, 984 SAT | ee eee ee ek eee a Cerne ro Cees ce etalk epee os ate A Re
Spiny lobsters.......- 197,074 | 19,895] 16,100] $2,093] 480,313 | $82,096 | 158,300] $20,729
Merb s tee 208,108 | 20,287 | 16,100 2,093 | 480,313 | 82,096 | 158,300 20, 729
Species. Santa Cruz. Ventura. Total.
Pounds.| Value. | Pownds.| Value. Pounds. Value.
DEGIYG) Tan on aS SAS SE Re ER eae ada Netaietaleatet oea $l ido eine nl ie eee | eae Bee ot 1,700
PO CKEDASS See nen mea sone Sere A aS Se eT ea ee ees a ee eee 1,350 54
SRHRDaSSnemcet eee an a Neee. LINE, tnfs evn oN seein seins ss dilies 2 Seseess 7, 984 304
OCTORISE es teeet ee ane eee eae oars 6, 000 SEOON Aas Se Seinss ee seen ee 6, 600
MPLEVAOUSLOES eee cee eens. Feast rin, Wye ee sha ti 8,685 $1,129 860, 472 125, 942
Motels woes). ee 6, 000 600 8, 685 1,129 877, 506 126, 934
162 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
SraTISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
CountTIES, SPECIES, AND AppaRATUS—Continued.
BY LINES.
Species. Alameda. Colusa. Humboldt. Los Angeles. Marin.
Albacore (or tuna): |Pounds.| Value. |Pounds.| Value.|Pounds.| Value.| Pounds. | Value. | Pounds.) Value.
TOSI soc cbs ee cey sso see le eee oe ol see ae | eee na ciate terete | armietste ate 16,518, 654 |$247,928 |........]......-
Barracnda- bb reshees|s saeco | ees oe lessee nes Ceeees| onec ans | ae enee 36, 657 6
Ian eee see Boao age] Rome sel Sa ceesee| poas2os PReoere|Seccase 61,051
Garp inno oc coceseeces |secemece|Jecese|! pt O00 |) end! lon aweccn|Seceaem|uatran\em ents | oats ws elete|a= ate ieee | eee
ilownd ers: Gh reshees|-sicecee a) Se ios see a elect 56, 700
Chto ha ee ee el a a enc Meat er acl Peat a mepos sos dea 7,322
Jewfish: ‘Hresh?_222-|2--222--|2-2-2--|--- 890
“T.ingeod ”’: Fresh ate 9 2k GOST 104s et St ol. Seen aceae ee eee
Maekerel........<.0% : - 13,010
Pike, Sacramento... BE eed boos riggos| SASSR Pr Scs Focsisoos
Rock bass: Fresh ... 123, 367
Rockiishes: Presh eer Wee. secs Goemese| ose tecas| see a= 16,905 577 637, 031
Salmon: Chinook,
ATO Ge jecieictewin vivre ste etociew'a| eee ees |e eceincts eet et 381 Se Ea AoE potneeroa meio nad ooo nol.
SCuipinG. cos os socese Soe sees ooseee eae eee Heb eesalaeeeeeaalseeem es 6,613 263: ||oSsch 55. eeaeeee
SGanDASS oe eee eee tae seeks late cue bccmciee eee eet rel nese es ae [eects 337 12: \5cc8ece| eee
Sir 11800) )t eRpg Heese Maemtara Sener na Saeemere| osnocelsass sod posooe- 64 Re Poser eas
HALES seecicte dalelescets | sae ectatete | eietaiorniais | Sete steteos teteieteeered| aierat= tater eal ate ee2 oe 2,500 BO | oSontcccleseseee
KAbCS ee eee ch cen detrei Reka ncis| te ceiecnamioseee| aoa ere 6, 600 120.125. -Sgan eee
eneepeleed SBA B a eee en eee eisecone| Poca sac! Sap sonoal Bocce oe 1,367 23 \necc celseeeeee
SmcGlizeasceeeeeeece 19, 000°}$1; 300 |--------|-- 2-2 - |e een ele ene [nnn n-ne lo nw enn en la nnn nnnelowen--=
Sol6. 22 ke wcbe ni aon| Seen ee be eeee beleceresks [Set semalto essa Stace 10, 000 300 50 2
Spanishanackerelss-| secre cms|scmcees| sescmese [peas bet | aeeseer eee 16, 250 ASI) cece cn ae] eee
eiiad ol: [6 §lee Cha mobnse Sas sebed| Edesmor Sosaseeq| Hsesaea Ket osess benSsodsecassobcsc! SsiScscKe 1,000 100
bVallowharlomees coees teense nl ceeeeed | bomerene lessens semeeone eee ater "106, 764 2, 909 eee cen = een
Totals ease 19,000 | 1,300 900 55 | 54,670 | 2,056 |17, 634, 577 | 986, 557 4,050 227
Species. Mendocino. Monterey. Orange. San Diego.
Albacore (or tuna): | Pownds.| Value. | Pounds. Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds. | Value.
TOS ees oe ac sleral Se ecetee Ciel | emer elete 3 | mteteisletetarioimt al eieloteretatetei ass 6, 000 $150 | 3,449,560 | $51,754
Galea saco acc eee ae ee eten | oeeremectec | beta aceicete all eictapmtn eleler| in'miminte inlets | einleielteistantnse 25, 000 "481
Barracuda:
IGS een | etectae ee las (he ek onal sien Sasa | tarsteiterieies 43, 500 2,140 53, 463 1,164
Salbeds-cceceum eel sp ccesiocer ltocrece sot | ae eseee a estore sites al ence mm ialaln |e nininieim ince 2,000 80
BOWIE Oe sen Son aoe Seerace eS | Sempeateeee | aaaeroeie sree omtaeistesetes 1,350 40 9, 400 180
Flounders
Wresh enc Sess 13, 000 $590 51,000 $1, 275 2,900 83 250 10
Saliedesasacheacs|sacceronce|zosedeeree 9,500 ATS cece = esac lees soscecc| aac ceees een] >= eee
ake tire eceec teas a teeta od lracecee ta eeeecor cas teen ementers 3,300 107 || Senet. soo. | coe
Jewfish
NEOs eee cones | obemiacines [temecisceios 300 10 4, 200 84 87,071 1,271
Sal facies els ee toile ys seal nse oo el Pee aeeeal ec ema een | pemeteners 50, 000
einetighsy sees seen laee enc tenceatece 15,350 383. icone cuca|aecececon laces eeeeee Le eeeee
“‘Lingcod:” Fresh. . 1,000 40 103, 000 2,060 |. 2-2 -cccc|eecencenec|cndesenncc=|nea===nne
i EYEL ea) 1] eye ee on OS ee eed Rocnaccoodd Gonooccesd bc qaocdead ESccm eo aac 10, 405 208
Rock bass:
(pestis e ace scae sl sea eaaae = [Seema sels ceceeem ais ema mmerinicis 53, 500 1,337 489, 450 10, 032
Ral Podeeaee toe aal tor ee Ss | Soo meee ce loaer oeaes Caren eecaa siimcneaeate lommeeertas 2, 750 97
Rockfiskes: Fresh... 35,000 1,750 | 1,306,816 | 41,818 | 141, 280 4,935 | 663,464 | 15,283
Sa DIGHSH: sec emicise ee =| se seme laatcle| ster cists a=) 17,560 B78 Sccces cee cl asc ceeeese| aacemes eee anne
Salmon:
Chinook, fresh..] 80,500 4,190 |. 1, 604,660." 7, 788 |. .<2.t.5-|-e a oremesy | eeen ee nearer
Chinook, salted .| 20, 000 DOO Wee ween all etetetetster</=<l| “miei Pees cones Sato | sane aoe] 6 eee
Silvers:t-ss'es~ 500 20 | 70,000} 2, 800 |.......---|--+---- fo ee ee
Somlples. so ose cos csel Sacra sencs| science cies [ses eacedess | sinnetaneaae 1,850 1D | ceocee ees eee ese
BiG ass eee ae tee ce eae crea [eeeecieoaetn 4,560 01-7. BES ee eens paccmcoacad bane secoad Besos ao.
Bea trontire sc sacwcc eencenies|saceeeensc|apesoniene scl seiewecices 3,500 1057/2 occ ccene | seseeees
Sheepshead... ...----|---.----0-[-- eee ncene [eee ence econ lene eee wen leon een cen nloneceecnnn 201 2
Ole esse se cene bunt sean loecebec cee|seebecee Sea eieheccck |Gaceseaces|tesee sense 679 19
Spanish mackerel ¢ .2|< acces clocececcccs|owceswccccs|~ceecsesce|scemneeenc| enceense= 40,000
QMOWtAll Sacecs owns |oceeoewcae|eeeebecee s| sec bbe cmc] niente ee--|-eeseacces|-msee mse 125, 253 1,565
otal 2 mcceess 150, 000 8,990 | 3,272,746 | 117,667 | 261,380 8,356 | 5,008,946 | 84,446
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
163
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
CountTIES, SPECIES, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY LINES—Continued.
Species. San Francisco. San Luis Obispo. San Mateo. Santa Barbara.
Pounds Value. | Pounds.| Value. | Pouwnds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value.
JEVAE 28s 5 Cee eal PR RS Fo Sees loose | Cacasceee) eer emer Mae Nee aes Lo] laa nee 6,650 $219
UGGS RS TINS ae S| See Seas sol ee So ssoseo! Poashscsso Se casocee| boecodeoda Boopeoceee 4,000 80
(ANS SIN «cee posses Soansesessoc}badasec Jed cca seseeeels= <eaaeeed Bab asore se Foeecoecce 500 10
“Lingeod”: Fresh .. 301, 103 OTE | oe ke ea eel |e So norissd bescodte dal sec nae aser secicsonc
ROR KIM ASS eNOS Wace Soneee ancl comen aa dceilesss sects «|e ae ayes |stetta codes [ais come come 4,000 160
Rockfishes: Fresh. _- 825, 500 39, 655 85,000 $3, 400 US1000; |Becacaeene 24,000 768
Solez2e soesececsesee< 18, 858 SUI an eeonocog| Smo rec bod (noseCscord GOSSSEESeA PAS Sprenaes beersere rc
Oetopus 3% = 2.283... 18, 682 TRE eeeeciod ses adoec sore Soro ncEnae So00g ES coteaes lecoeeewee
Motel. ee 1,164,143 | 49,337] 85,000 3,400 | 18,000 550} 39, 150 1,237
Species. Santa Cruz. Sonoma. Ventura Total.
Albacore (or tuna): | Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. Value. | Pounds. Value.
IRIRSTIS e ise ea ee SIN ai ne Las et PR Se | Se et | ( seeaene 19,974,214 | $299, 832
Raliedsensse tases |s-pereteee|scccse nese ealemebiacia| eon nse 25,000 481
Barracuda:
TONG cae encsel beeene send Sassoon bande sess|beasacceec 133, 620 4,666
Dalbed ceases sess | eects Sets ees ooaltcinoen sen cei seen 2,000
BOW ses ae sence ee |= Seem seek“ ate omen [ee enwce cee |eccben oi 71, 801 1,991
Ord Oe SAS Se SS SEES E sper Soros tog Sabres docs pee scene 500
Flounders:
TOTNES 2 caSa6 BSSee coOsS CADCe Oe pen aco cere Pearse soee $96 161, 875 8,079
Seal Cencl amen eee | Meer re cca er OL oer eae eS MMAR ine ge TAT SEAS 9,500 475
iB Rg. oe nt a ee es PES ee Cee |e See nal ee eecne ert meena 27,272 897
Jewfish:
HOSES 2 Sarees] see ee eee saree ecites [abe ese ea|e desea Skea. MOSSE eS 116, 461 1, 859
Salfedtens t euee. | ania EO athe ds a sass|b oadse dex |ialsveceaslesucseeat 50,000 1,500
Kamefish: 132.22 22822. 32, 757 S982) Pecoeeosas|teeissacce dese es steele awetee cs 48, 607 1,375
“ Lingceod:’’
Rroshisi*. cess sue 98, 000 2,940 2,700 $120" esas eee) |saecocsee 508, 412 13,014
Salted........... 3,500 W(Gi[pee ee esaslec cessed asec (Sscceaee! 3,500 175
Mackerel.........-.- 113 ONe occ ceesoals-ccacases|baccccad ssl saaeccees 23,528 591
Pike; Sacramento. c2}2.2.t2tees|s2 cet ecoeos|- 252 seed tawoccaseulLccesecccs|coeuceess 400 20
Rock bass:
TGCS. ace cece seer eoasel Seeess sue AereSe spe Hae Secesel lad =sesesee leeaemaeee 670,317 16, 461
HAUbCd eres eae ss| Foe Seehn no| eee nap Sef nee = ceoalL anor estas [che tewaos | Se eaouces 2,750 97
Rockfishes
Wreshts-sccssss 6 378,478 12,355 22,000 1,110 4,350 259 | 4,160,824 141, 202
palted)c osc sss 8,000 400 8,000 400
Sapleftishw es. -scc.s. 2,223 19, 783 989
Salmon:
Chinook, fresh...} 119,592 4, 783 12,000 SOON eee sae crete scans 1, 907, 133 77,128
Chinook, salted -|...-......|..... BOR Cd) Saeebpaaod bon cetco. 4 Boscerrore) = —poncae 20, 2, 400
Silvarceese tcc. 29, 897 a Tae [ee See ERA ae rd (ae 3 ees a ee 100,397 4,015
Scemtpinre 350 (bal aeeSon Sees) GaP eeicogad Sesscocens ~acreoreoc &, 813 345
SGU GEOL ES a Cap Bao oe | HOS eE CGE Rane OOREF Ene C RAAS Kp See aee PaR eRe nc -pemee res 4,897 194
DEM M beawe wee csa ae | oecemcet al wacesoneeraccceesclescsoe see. |pridccecseciesaacees 3,564 108
SLT GLG Eas eel | tes Spain| | sain 8 Sil Epes eee ees Bierce lags SPN | Seen 2,500 50
RAD er eee. Seammeets|s ccmemee scene Sleadees|ocoeedocds|soaeseccd|steaccecsbeeccsaccs 6,000 120
PRONDNUGUM ae ere [nose e ete ocitc semen: leece ema ee Mem emle reccetetlocereceae 1,568 30
Pn Gh teens tee cole teen Seen aloes satel cera does |oatcaceets| Cason cea te cnmaaone 19,000 1,300
SOLED Sts SR eae | ie Bed he isl afer (oe a ae EGE GAR Geese RE ae eae Gee Be 29, 587 698
SPAMAMMACKOLO Ls nels ce en cee ce] seeem eae seee ee 3854 Sab eaagsbee batch saga) be toae eas 56. 250 1,281
Striped bass--......- 350 17 1, 250 JOON R Bee aeeclceeetcs ce 2,600 217
ACU TO ind | as eS ol ls Se SS he eee Boel Seria: Seisel ee meen te S| Soe Se casee| Meee Se 232, 017 4,534
WCIOMGS See ates cc cen [enc nets foal homes oaerse (SodceeGsec ao=sosessq||so-558e sce] Bee coke ee 18, 682 ibo5
ANG 21 EES Sees 673, 260 21,971 37,950 1,690 7,600 355 | 28, 431,372 588, 194
164 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
CountTIES, SPECIES, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY DREDGES, TONGS, RAKES, FORKS, ETC.
Species. Alameda. Del Norte. Humboldt. Los Angeles.
Clams: Pounds. | Value.) Pounds.| Value.) Pounds.| Value.) Pounds.| Value.
EL ar Se eo ond Petes Jose Soca e ala eeenecs | poeeeee 1,760 | $427 296 | $104
Sothern secs 21, 250 |$5, 950 }........-]......- 6: 280) | 250) lo asec eet
Oysters:
Masten: Market |eoeeeen= =| eeeeee owen eee een ee 42 Me RE seRseed lsesnctac
Native, market.|.-.----.--| 2-2 cece} oeenecewe| meres selec cee nnen| cece ce|oesceseo-|s-cees=
Musselsscecesceeses 130 35 25650) 'S180) |= ssc- c/s <-.-=ce 4,820 578
od ybigd Ge ee See ed Foe os Pee enn Ser |e kee eee or | eae
Total scissors 21,380 | 5, 985 | 2,650 180 8,082 | 1,691 5,300 691
Species. Mendocino. Monterey. Orange. San Francisco. |San Luis Obispo.
Clams: Pounds. | Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pouwnds.| Value.| Pounds.) Value.| Pounds.| Value.
18 Bigs bere eesoode|poooabode | aaarccks 96 $25 800))|'$ 260. 22k S -|e aee
Soft. eee reece od] SEN Re. SO Be Sal ene a 23,000 | $5,300
Oysters:
Eastern,market|......---|--.----|-++-+-s0-|-+e202-|e0- 22222 -|e sree 360, 892 |156, 745
Mussels’ x2.-5-1-53 3,500 } $200 1,810 110 |aceeccedlecaos 6,000 | 1,200
Bea WEGd oe cette se oa| borers mieten eee 3,799 190} | os asces sells cose] osc ceeewt Sooo s ee eee eee
Totalelescse3 3,500 200 5, 705 325 800 260 | 389,892 |163, 245
| !
Species. San Mateo. |Santa Barbara.| Santa Cruz. Sonoma.
Clams: Pounds.| Value.) Pounds.| Value.) Pownds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.| Pounds.| Value.
TSG SRG Seeger jeeciaosead| betesac baoseeccd lsaqcrbc 1,032 | $272 600 | $275] 65,856 | $17,583
Soft seas sees PIPED) | Pee FCN RE Soccb oe saecods|Saasescod | sconebe 2,550 485 | 67,160 | 18,107
Oysters:
BPE Rays ceeds} | A cose) lonococe| He aosocad |s60c00c) p sa000cH «| hecoend||anoacssoelleaaose+ 375,774 | 165,573
Native, mmarket!lacc.cacctlasacodlectwadeas| eck cas] cones mele noes Al Ieee eee epee : 6,513
210 te og acce| mmo be 19, 240 2,326
Fo ABO OOO OE BEeioe Cod ico Gene FGoaSnSed scp shaq Sonbonood ssseoucd Sasacscod sadasc- 184 9
Liareiseleec|T steel a cceiocete| tem one 6, 799 325
1, 242 287 3, 150 760 | 543,448 | 210, 436
BY LAMPARA NETS.
Species. Los Angeles. Monterey. Orange. San Francisco. Total.
Pounds, | Value.| Pounds, | Value. | Pounds. | Value. | Pounds, | Value. Value.
Albacore (ortuna)| 2,760 SO9 edocs lec ee dt calonetesines peo netl os camer aoc $69
Anchovies:
TGH im ye eSasd Secasecss) bscoced Heat aocene| aad Seue| hoaada des ssencat 36, 000 225
Saltedissatccuctoscsccoeolienecee TOR CT OSG Ue betaac ancl bessonc| Sacoescce] Hoses = 1,600
Barracuda.......- Poe OU OSC Gal bes gees sui eS sree) he sons son) hosesee 5, 000 9, 676
IBOMIGOE 2 <- creo. = == DO 26U Sh GSS ano tes Sales tre ce lot cee stoic: [peice eee oem an ne oes * 688
@roaker ssn ss.e == 3, 150 Go) Bee Reesenr| Sas Becd sssase scr] Pee edss! Seedasced cea ee 65
16 Gingh aap Ree acad Speers 5c] penosics 1,000 Uhl or ide noel emooec! Geaeeoncelhosssce 20
Kingfish? . 22.222. 200 B49) 6 107 tec s ek seat Does Wh eaacoes seine 5, 200 6, 347
Mackerel.........- Early | Chir bea SeBesoe bop dode 125000 S220 eee eee eee 2,972
Pompano.......-- 1, 688 Kh RE See Seel Ss ae POS ae SPE ESE 1,335 368
ROCK Wassvo.-. 2... abs 3380 Ya Bas 2 Be eee se) De Sess 90; 000025250) |e ensnneclecesee's 7,595
Sardinesincscew coc 305, 150 6, rn 2, 906, 200 {14,531 | 22,500 225 | 12,000 20, 934
Sealhasssssmesecce. 197, SOOM Gabe ese secce toe cee ene ees , 000 7, 720
Sineltz teenies tH ie OPS Rea se Sorc See oane eee es cos) pee 3, 000 775
Spanish mackerel. 143; 905. |\'4; TL Pano sec eco Geistewietal create etmsora| scram ae ete eres Reems 4,114
Wibitebaites... - = -|=Aememiann|accioee| > feito eewte'= | ae ctaieera! | einstein eee 5, 000
Yellowtail ........ 286; COINS CSO Se notes | mete sire OOO |) 25 200 | eee eet | Rear 360, 3 10, 235
SQUGeeeseecee oo 21, 325 ” 426 6,000, 000 {30,000 |.......--|.....-- 50,000 | 1,500 6, 071, 325 | 31,926
pean) [ik Ria chain ta gel Pras | ama | (Rw | See fe
Total........|1,701,077 |51, 558 |8, 923, 200 |46,151 } 198,000 | 4,920 | 122,535 | 2,900 [10,944,812 |105, 529
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 165
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
CountIEs, SPECIES, AND APPARATUS—Continued.
BY PARANZELLA NETS.
Species. Los Angeles. Santa Cruz. Total.
Pounds. Value. Pounds, Value. Pounds, Value.
MOUNCErS ees see ee eee <e 383, 970 $13, 063 588, 135 $16, 936 972, 105 $29, 999
TEI oP ee eye 8 Se Ne Che em | [ek eee | a eon 26, 030 260 26, 030 260
LATTE Ne 8a eee Soe ee Ss ceenb oa Be aecoepeess| ponc 2,985 99, 500 2,985
CUTIE 00 (eens Ao ee Aoeoo) AOS>nOUbopoR| Hecsas , 438 14, 600 438
CH SSERIN OE Bo TREE Re ee Sone SonoorQqood Poon 230 4,600 230
SLES nego ssegcesse 42 Se S565) bo seecacosnd boSsecssassoae 6 600 6
Soleeee Gabi lh SH Ls. Seb av es 9, 692 43,830 | 1,562, 892 44,121
(OYcO ye PG RE SE SAS SGecsote node eel Pope Roeec abe pontoon conus b 400 5,000 400
Totale es teins eee asses 393, 662 13,354 | 2,291,665 65,085 | 2,685,327 78, 439
BY TRAMMEL NETS,
Species. Los Angeles. Marin. Orange. San Diego.
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
Barracuda -| 182,248 $7; OOM Oe aee. 25a s Sess Na lata ea anc a) ices wcceees|onee ease
Flounders -| 635,748 24,919 132, 250 | $6,308 | 2,100,908 | $81, 413
Tee ooo oopecoe doer aad paeneecece| mecoceaees |PrsecBeeas)| RoSSenes ses eeececond Seccroae
Oban aes see 817, 996 31, 969 132,250 | 6,308] 2,100,908 | 81,413
Species. Santa Barbara. Ventura. Total.
Pounds. Value. Pounds, Value. Pounds. Value.
Bain i hee po conaacd so] Seppe pnecocnc] AOC OSS OSS ee SGoosESHened EOScHouercec 182, 248 $7, 050
Wiounderst: 2. 48502. j5 115, 500 $3, 855 8, 000 $258 2,992, 406 116, 753
LEVER» Codsall ystems aoe spocsoacaducd Gap sattinsoces |S aun beccLne Scobocnsceacr 2, 500 75
Notas scocs aes 115, 500 3, 855 8, 000 258 3, 177, 154 123, 878
BY FYKE NETS.
Species. Colusa. Sacramento. San Joaquin.
Pounds,| Value. | Pounds.| Value. Pounds, Value.
Species. Sutter. Yolo. Total.
Pounds.| Value. | Pounds.| Value. Pounds. Value.
Colt Oar et ate am ieee eae ee) Ries ee 2, 000 $25 3, 426 $56 45, 627 $595
Gopi Sa ek ES eRe ram Sy ets A. 17,346 725 | 39,316 1,719 466, 795 22,129
Pike, Sacramento
STENTS 121i [cence aaa x eo 1 Cae
Siti a ia Ae es SS ee eee
atc ee 20, 093 785| 65,115| 2,707] 598,776 | 26,327
166 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATISTICS OF THE YIELD OF THE SHORE FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915, BY
CountIES, SPECIES, AND ApPpARATUS—Continued.
BY ABALONE OUTFITS.
Species. Marin. Mendocino. Monterey. San Diego.
Abalone: Pounds. | Value. Pee. Kege. Pounds. | Value.| Pounds. | Value.
AWOS oe. Sas ot oc cee e Son os eee ne lean eee 3, 035 SM) es Been ee eae Ie
4,550| $158 3,000 185 | 547,424 |$10,939 | 57,000] $3,168
2, 000 AD cer Ne SLE Curie Bete oe Sal ees 72, 000 1, 440
6, 550 648 6, 035 282 | 547,424 | 10,939 | 129,000] 4,608
Species. Santa Cruz. Sonoma. Total.
Abalone: Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
INDI V Goseeee occ ce nec eaee 20, 991 pL OM [ar ca ae i La a es ed 24, 026 $517
Neat oie isaac che esl | eager ira eee a 119, 000 $2, 380 730, 974 16, 830
STC CSR me nee int te Vipeeb ave 35 Aare || SL hy Mal hen Sor ih (trol hal os : a
Pearisand: blisters sat oe cca eee nine leita eateneeee D200 oo sea esee 1, 240
Rotel sss: eee tee oe 20, 991 420 119, 000 3, 580 829, 000 20,477
BY MISCELLANEOUS APPARATUS.
Species. Alameda. Humboldt. San Francisco. Santa Barbara.
Un CG) ip eR ee Sepocctccd laa aasee 2 eae 000! |) S600). S35 esc len Sie Bel Se
Shiimipesecaseecccsseees seme 263) 0000 /$4, Sh0l-ecese=-ccleechonce 35, 000 E 7(U Ul eee ee
Seaslioni-e. 2. sce aewe be oe cconea eee neue «| Sbetebe as) peace ote a= bic Same teeta ears cate 9,375 | $4,120
Totales eve ences eee 263,000} 4,850} 20,000 600 | 35,000 700 9,375 | 4,120
Species Shasta. Sonoma. Total
Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value. Pounds. Value.
750 $7 tf
Salmons Chinook :--.2 = occ el 0 ed es BUD dee see ceemse | cetoe mee cae 50 $75
2 igo ieee eas aaeae ual Aimee pie gaan ol at aaipeuer Seo 37, 000 $1, 720 57, 000 2,320
Shrimp sd os3-- Jo. Seeks bem. oS bee ee ce hee ecealebacsseeet 298, 000 5, 550
Sea Ol sso s seen nce deen ene cnc nema se ooene | aeeer mcee ane -enemeemcees Pemsasee 9,375 4,120
WHOLESALE FRESH-FISH TRADE.
San Francisco is by far the most important wholesale fresh-fish
center in California. Large quantities of fresh fish are also handled
by firms located in Los hacelea Monterey, San Diego, and Sacra-
mento, but a considerable proportion of these fish eventually reach
San Francisco, from eh city many are shipped to adjoining
States to the east and north. In 1915 there were 64 wholesale fresh-
fish establishments in the State, valued at $687,156, with a cash
capital of $202,500, in which 394 persons were engaged and $310,897
paid in wages.
FISHERY PRODUCTS PREPARED, EXCLUSIVE OF CANNING.
The preparation of various fishery products has an important
bearing on the fisheries of California. Squid, amounting to 1,200,000.
pounds, were dried and sold for $51,000. The mild-cured products
FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 167
in 1915 consisted of 1,761,300 pounds of chinook salmon, valued at
$187,220, and 105,000 pounds of shad, valued at $5,250. Chinook
salmon, amounting to 245,000 pounds, were pickled and sold for
$26,950. The salt-fish products amounted to 5,023,982 pounds,
with a value of $83,138, the greater part of which was shad. The
smoking of fish was comparatively unimportant, the output bein
only 34,600 pounds, with a value of $4,203. These consisted o
halibut, chinook salmon, albacore, herring, and sablefish in the
order of their importance. Among other products prepared from
fish and fish offal were 599 tons of poultry feed, valued at $29,360;
65,567 gallons of oil, valued at $19,548; and 396 tons of fertilizer,
valued at $14,145.
For statistics of products prepared, exclusive of canning, in Cali-
fornia in 1915, see table, page 54.
CANNING INDUSTRY.
In 1915 there were 21 establishments, valued at $1,443,613,
engaged in the canning of various fishery products. The number
of persons engaged was 2,676, and the wages paid amounted to
$394,181. Among the more important species canned were albacore,
or tuna, sardines, chinook and silver salmon, shad, shad roe, bonito,
and yellowtail. The value of the tuna pack, however, far exceeds
that of all the other products combined. The canning of tuna,
bonito, and yellowtail is confined to Los Angeles and San Diego
Counties. Sardines, shad, and shad roe were canned in Contra
Costa County only by one firm. Salmon were packed in Contra
Costa, Solano, and Monterey Counties. Considerable quantities of
abalone were canned in San Diego and Monterey Counties. A few
_cases of rockfishes were canned in San Diego and Los Angeles Coun-
ties, and a small pack of mussels was put up in Del Norte County.
EXTENT OF THE CANNING INDUSTRY OF CALIFORNIA IN 1915.
|
Items. | Number. | Value. | Items. Number.) Value.
Establishments... -.--........- 21 |$1, 443,613 || Salmon—Continued. |
Cash capital-........ 253, 727 Silver—
Rersonsienpared = oe ~sescccs wl es OIG! lee eens 1 pound tall..... cases. - 290 $1, 044
WHPeS Paid les oe sc Janos ceseeeloecesiccetic 394, 181 1 pound flat.....- dos. 2,500 11, 250
4 pound flat...... dole. 788 4,097
PRODUCTS.@ Albacore (tuna):
. 1 pound flat........ do....| 131,764 647, 003
Bonito: pound Mates... - <5 do....| 110,602 751,741
1 pound flat ....... cases. . 145 725 pound flat........ Gosce= 6,045 45, 340
4 pound flat........ Gores. 2,403 15, 861 + pound flat........ do....| 10,016 73, 774
on: Yellowtail:
Chinook— 1 pound flat........ Go:=s 465 2,748
1 pound tall....do.... 1,048 4,192 4 pound flat........ domse: 1,177 8, 661
1 pound flat....do.... 15, 994 85, 201 || Oysters (not cooked) ...galls. . 29,429 75, 804
4 pound flat....do.... 2, 466 19,998 || Miscellaneous. ......-.. cases..| 60,718 357, 129
a All cases are on a basis of 48 pounds each.
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