Annual report of the director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College

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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE DIRECTOR
OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE
ZOOLOGY

AT HARVARD COLLEGE

1958 -1959

PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
1960

PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
AT HARVARD COLLEGE

BULLETIN (octavo) 1863 — The current volume is Vol. 124.

BREVIORA (octavo) 1952 — No. 129 is current.

Memorrs (quarto) 1864-1938 — Publication was terminated with
Vol. 55.

JOHNSONIA (quarto) 1941—A publication of the Department of
Mollusks. Vol. 3, no.39 is current.

OcCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MOLLUSKS (octavo)
1945 — Vol. 2, no. 25 is current.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB (octavo)
1899-1948 — Published in connection with the Museum. Publication
terminated with Vol. 24.

The continuing publications are issued at irregular intervals in num-
bers which may be purchased separately. Prices and lists may be
obtained on application to the Director of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge 38, Massachusetts.

Of the Peters ‘‘Cheek List of Birds of the World,’’ volumes 1-3 are
out of print; volumes 4 and 6 may be obtained from the Harvard Uni-

versity Press; volumes 5,7 and 9 are sold by the Museum, and future
volumes will be published under Museum auspices.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE
ZOOLOGY

I submit herewith the one-hundredth annual report of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, for 1958-59. On such a cen-
tennial occasion one may be permitted to look back, with
considerable satisfaction, on the achievements of the “Agassiz
Museum” during the past century under such notable leader-
ship as that given by Louis Agassiz, Alexander Agassiz and
Thomas Barbour. A past is not enough. But a look about me
at the steadily increasing tempo of the institution’s research
activities gives me quiet confidence that our role in the advance-
ment of scientific knowledge will be as distinguished — or even
more distinguished —in the coming century as in that just
completed.

Si AE F

The death of Ludlow Griscom on May 28, 1959, after a long
period of ill-health, marked the passing of one of the most out-
standing field ornithologists of our time. He came to Harvard
in 1927 and for some time actively aided Dr. Barbour in the
reorganization of the Museum; in later years, although keeping
the editorship of the Museum’s publications, he was enabled,
as Research Ornithologist, to devote nearly his full time to valu-
able research. Even before coming to Harvard he had achieved
a solid reputation as a systematist and as a specialist in the avi-
fauna of Central America. At Harvard he expanded his interest
to include research on New England faunal areas and, most
especially, was the chief exponent of a new technique of field
ornithology that has received enormous expansion in recent
years and has had profound influence in furthering the move-
ment for wildlife conservation. Among the honors received by
him in recognition of his work in ornithology were the award

I

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

of the Aububon medal of the National Aububon Society, the
chairmanship of that society and the presidency of the Ameri-
can Ornithologists’ Union.

As usual, members of the staff engaged in various teaching
activities, symposia and lectureships. Some staff instructional
interests have strayed well off the normal staid patterns. For
example, Dr. Kummel, as a member of the Department of
Geology and Geography, is enthusiastically engaged in the de-
velopment of an introductory course in geology which bids
fair to be satisfactory from the point of view of the general edu-
cation program and that of an introduction to more advanced
department work as well; Dr. Levi is heavily engaged in the
science program for high school teachers; I find myself serving
on a national committee, under the auspices of the American
Institute of Biological Sciences, directing a broad-scale survey
of biology teaching at every level.

At the end of this year Dr. Carpenter will relinquish the
chairmanship of the Department of Biology and return, hap-
pily, to his research in entomology, necessarily neglected in
great measure because of his highly appreciated but onerous de-
partmental services during the past seven years. Dr. Lyman
organized and served as chairman last spring of the First Inter-
national Conference on Mammalian Hibernation, supported by
the Office of Naval Research and sponsored by the American
Institute of Biological Sciences; the proceedings of the confer-
ence will be published as a special volume of the Museum Bul-
letin. The writer organized a two-day meeting on vertebrate
anatomy sponsored by the American Society of Zoologists and
held at the Christmas meetings of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science in Washington; the success of this
meeting has led to the organization of a new special section of
the Society dealing with this area. Dr. Mayr was honored by
the award of the Doctor of Science degree by Yale University,
and I had the pleasure of receiving the same degree from Dart-
mouth College. Dr. Carpenter has been elected National Presi-

2

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

dent of Sigma Xi, the honorary scientific fraternity. Dr. Levi
was re-elected to the Board of Governors of the Nature Conser-
vancy and became secretary of the Rocky Mountain Biological
Laboratory. Dr. Mayr was awarded a Darwin-Wallace medal
issued to notable workers in the field of evolutionary theory by
the Linnean Society of London in commemoration of the cen-
tennial of the publication of the “Origin of Species.” Professors
Mayr, Patterson and J are serving on panels of the National Sci-
ence Foundation which review proposals for research and facili-
ties grants.

It is a pleasure to report that Dr. George Gaylord Simpson,
distinguished vertebrate paleontologist and student of evolu-
tion, has accepted appointment as an Alexander Agassiz Pro-
fessor and will join us September tr.

Miss Jessie Bell MacKenzie has been appointed a Librarian
without limit of time, and Dr. Paynter has been voted a similar
tenure position as Associate Curator of Birds. Mr. Andrew A.
Konnerth has joined the preparation staff in vertebrate pale-
ontology.

RESEARCH

In the field of mammalogy, Miss Lawrence has completed
work on a study of bats collected by Dr. Novick from the Phil-
ippines and Africa and has made progress in the study of the
throat musculature of delphinid cetaceans. Dr. Lyman con-
tinues to expand his studies on the effect of low temperatures
on mammalian tissues and on various other problems connected
with hibernation. He has developed a technique in which
drugs and hormones of known pharmacological effect can be
introduced into the hibernating animal without disturbing it,
and measurement of heart and respiratory rate and of blood
pressure can be recorded.

_ Dr. Paynter has resumed research in population dynamics of
herring gulls. Work continues on the Check List of Birds of

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

the World. Curator Greenway reviewed and prepared manu-
script of the Family Oriolidae and is engaged in reviewing the
Family Sittidae. He and Dr. Paynter have been working on
final preparation of volume g. Dr. Mayr’s scientific activities
during the year were dominated by the Darwin Centenary; de-
spite this, a number of research projects were published or com-
pleted during the year.

Dr. Williams completed and published this past year an im-
portant paper on the development of tetrapod vertebrae; this
will, I believe, re-orient future studies on the controversial sub-
ject of the evolution of the vertebral column. The lizards of
the genus Anolis are to the fore in his research interests; he con-
tinued work on members of that genus from the Lesser Antil-
les, with A. S. Rand on those from Hispaniola, and with R.
Ruibal on Cuban anoles. Mr. Shreve continued work on the
Sphaerodactylus difficilis group and prepared a description of a
new Eleutherodactylus from Haiti.

Dr. Bigelow and Mr. Schroeder are continuing their work on
a collection of skates and rays trawled in 100-500 fathoms by
the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service vessel “Oregon” with an
area extending from the Caribbean Sea to the offing of the
Amazon River. Dr. Bigelow has continued actively his edito-
rial work on volume 3 of Fishes of the Western North Atlantic.

In the Department of Insects, Dr. Darlington has continued
his work on carabid beetles of the Indo-Australian area (espe-
cially New Guinea) and on special zoogeographical problems.
Dr. Brown has completed a review of the ants of New Zealand
and has also completed part III of his reclassification of ants,
six more parts of his revision of the ant tribe Dacetini, and a
general paper on animal adaptation and evolution. Dr. Wilson
has continued study of the systematics and distribution of Mel-
anesian ants and has nearly completed his studies of Polynesian
ants. Dr. Chapin has continued work on coccinellid beetles,
and Dr. Fairchild continues his studies of neotropical biting
flies. It is a pleasure to have with us Prof. William T. M.

4

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Forbes, distinguished student of the Lepidoptera, who is doing
research on our collections in this field. Dr. Carpenter during
the year has studied Hemerobiidae from Micronesia and Neu-
roptera from Mexico and South America; in the area of fossil
insects he has worked on Permian and Triassic forms from the
United States and Brasil as well as continuing with the prepara-
tion of an account of fossil insects as a whole for the Treatise
on Invertebrate Paleontology. Dr. Levi is at work on revisions
of the spider family Theridiidae; he has completed manuscripts
on the evolution of palpi and on a synopsis of the family. Dr.
Chickering’s continuing studies on neotropical spiders have in-
cluded, especially, work on Micrathena (Argiopidae). During
the year the department has been visited by well over a score
of entomologists who wished to make special studies or type
comparisons; the visitors included Father Francisco S. Pereira
of Brasil, who spent several weeks identifying and arranging
our Coprinae (Scarabaeidae) of the world.

Workers in the Mollusk Department have completed volume
3 of Johnsonia, and the first number for volume 4 (on Calli-
ostoma) is in progress; an issue of the Occasional Papers on
the genus Taheitia has appeared, and two additional numbers
are in press. Dr. Clench’s.work on the land and freshwater
mollusks of the Bahamas continues, with manuscripts com-
pleted for the Turks and Caicos Islands and the Crooked Island
group. Dr. Turner has received a grant from the Office of Naval
Research for research on the boring mollusks, the Teredinidae,
and is making progress in her work on a world-wide mono-
graph of this family. She has further studied the land mollusks
of Navassa Island, a raised coral reef off the west coast of His-
paniola. Joint studies by Drs. Clench and Turner on the Pap-
uininae of Melanesia continue, despite the handicap of not be-
ing able to obtain material for anatomical studies. Dr. Deich-
mann has done further work on Antarctic holothurians. She
has completed studies on the Clipperton holothurians and on
echinederms, gorgonians and stony corals from Puerto Rico
shallow waters.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

In the area of fossil vertebrates, Dr. Edinger has steadily pur-
sued her studies in the area of paleoneurology. Prof. Patterson’s
interests have been mainly concentrated on the early evolution
of mammals; the structure of the Triassic cynodonts which
were collected in Argentina last year offer interesting sugges-
tions regarding the evolution of the mammalian auditory ap-
paratus. I have prepared an account of the Triassic deposits of
the Mendoza region of Argentina which I hope will prove use-
ful to those who concern themselves with the vertebrates of
this complex area, considered the nature of rhynchosaur his-
tory, and made some modest progress in the study of North
American Carboniferous amphibians.

Dr. Whittington has finished further studies on silicified Mid-
dle Ordovician trilobites from Virginia and a manuscript on
Devonian trilobites of North America; further systematic stu-
dies of Ordovician and Devonian trilobites continue. Dr. Kum-
mel has completed various cephalopod studies, including three
papers on New Zealand faunas and others on Triassic faunas
from Malaya, Thailand and the Middle East. Further research
well in hand includes work on a fine Triassic fauna from Ne-
vada, and problems in speciation of Spitzbergen ammonoids
and New Zealand Triassic nautiloids. In the hands of the pub-
lisher is a text on earth history on a world-wide basis.

EXPEDITIONS AND TRAVEL

Dr. Paynter last winter rejoined us on completion of a year
and a half spent in conducting a highly successful ornithological
expedition to countries in the Indian region, sponsored jointly
with the Peabedy Museum of Yale University. Despite the dif-
ficulties normally encountered in foreign work, particularly in
wilder areas, specimens collected represent 550 species of birds,
as well as a variety of other vertebrates, spiders and mollusks.
The earlier part of the trip was spent in Nepal. Last summer
collecting was done in the mountains near Darjeeling, India,

6

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

following which work was shifted to West Pakistan, where
collections were made in Swat, the tribal districts on the Af-
ghanistan border, and the Hazara region. Other expeditionary
work during the year included an invertebrate fossil collecting
trip to Newfoundland by Dr. Whittington in the summer of
1958, studies by Dr. Brown during the same season of the ant
population of the Mississippi Valley region, some two months
work by Dr. Deichmann in Puerto Rico, a three-weeks trip by
Dr. Clench and Mr. Joseph Rosewater, graduate student, to the
Salt and Kentucky Rivers, a month’s work last spring by mem-
bers of the vertebrate paleontology department in my old
stamping-grounds, the Texas Permian Redbeds. A considerable
number of staff members attended the International Zoological
Congress in London, mentioned in the last report, and remained
in Europe for museum field studies. In addition to staff expedi-
tions and travel, various students engaged in field work, such
as (for example) Mr. Clayton Ray and Mr. A. Stanley Rand’s
productive trip last summer to the West Indies for recent and
sub-fossil material and Mr. Arthur Clarke’s participation in the
cruise of the R. M. Vema to the eastern Pacific.

CouLneTIONs

Noted last year was the award of a substantial five-year facili-
ties grant by the National Science Foundation, mainly for the
improvement of those collections which are the Museum’s most
important research tools. A fraction of the grant is being ex-
pended for their better housing, and most departments have
added new storage cases or — equally, if not more important
—have revamped existing accommodations for specimens to
make the collections more easily available and to make more
efficient use of storage areas. A considerably larger amount,
however, has been spent in hiring both “dieners” and scientifi-
cally trained helpers in sorting, identifying and placing in
proper place in the main collections accumulations of valuable

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

materials which had been received in past years but which for
lack of man-power had long lain unworked and hence sterile.
In the Department of Insects this past spring Dr. W. R. M. Ma-
son came to us as a specialist for a short time to arrange the Bra-
conidae and Mr. Gerd H. Heinrich, the Ichneumonidae.

As a praiseworthy counteraction to the almost irresistible
tendency for collection storage to expand may be mentioned
that in invertebrate paleontology a large percentage of storage
drawers have been cut down to a shallower depth and the
drawer slides in the cases altered proportionately; as a result
the storage capacity of the existing cases has been increased by
about 30 percent. The same procedure has been successfully
followed in the case of fossil fishes, most specimens of which
occur as flat slabs.

Under the heading of “Acknowledgements” are noted nu-
merous valuable gifts of material.

LIBRARY

Miss Mackenzie, as librarian, notes a modest net increase in
volumes of 2,790. Currently some 2,538 serials are received by
purchase or exchange (1671 on the latter basis). Because of the
richness of our collections in most appropriate fields, reference
demands on us and the amount of inter-library loans continue
to increase. A considerable backlog of cataloguing persists.
Happily, however, the greater backlog of binding is being con-
siderably reduced. Work on this front is being pushed forward
under the fraction of the NSF facilities grant alloted for this
purpose, and we are making much progress in binding geologi-
cal publications by use of funds in the anonymous gift, noted
last year, for this section of the library. Also with the aid of
this fund further gaps were filled in our geological holdings.

Like various other members of the staff, Miss Mackenzie at-
tended the International Zoological Congress in London and
spent considerable time, profitably, in the library of the British
Museum (Natural History).

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

PUBLICATIONS

During the year there were published, under Miss Wright’s
editorship, a total of 1276 pages in the Bulletin and in Breviora.
These papers included numbers 89 to 111 of Breviora, and
complete volumes 119 and 120, and numbers 1 and 2 of volume
121 in the Bulletin. In addition, as noted above, the Mollusk
Department published several papers in Johnsonza and one in
Occasional Papers. As customary, the museum sponsored pub-
lication of a series of papers in Psyche.

E XHIBETS

As over the past few years, work on a gradual renovation and
re-arrangement of exhibits has continued — at a necessarily slow
pace, because of the fact that there are no funds in the normal
budget available for this purpose, and reliance must be had on
gifts to promote the work. The fossil mammals formerly ex-
hibited at the east end of the first floor, have been moved to the
third floor and work has begun on an exhibition room in which
many of the mammals will be shown. It is hoped that in the
course of the next few years all the fossil exhibits will have
been transferred to the third floor, making the first floor area
available for badly needed offices and laboratories. A commit-
tee consisting of Mr. Johnson, Dr. Lyman and Dr. Paynter, is
taking an active interest in planning the exhibition work.

In our revision we are not attempting to create elaborate
dioramas or push-button, “animated” exhibits to catch the atten-
tion of the uninterested and casual visitor. Our interests are
on a higher level and simpler pattern. The Museum has an
array of interesting animals many of which are to be found in
but few other institutions in this — or any other — country. Our
objective is merely to put specimens of this type on view for
the serious student or interested adults, mainly in systematic
arrangement, in simple fashion but well cased, well lighted
and well labelled. Our objectives are well typified by the

9

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Thayer collection of North American birds, renovation of which
was completed last year; “before” and “after” figures of part
of this exhibit are given in this report. In its former condition
the hall containing it was a most depressing one; every bird
normally present in the continent (north of Mexico) was there,
but the arrangement was most unattractive, the labels not in-
formative, and the lighting so dim that knowing visitors who
wished to identify a bird would bring a flashlight with them as
a necessity. In its present state the exhibit is informative and
truly attractive.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

As always, the Museum is indebted to many friends for speci-
mens and for aid in various ways. The Mammal Department
owes thanks for gifts to Garth Underwood, Robert W. Dicker-
man, Clayton E. Ray, W. F. H. Ansell and Kenneth Norris;
the Bird Department to Clinton R. Smith, Joseph Seronde, John
Molholm and Charles H. Blake; Mr. and Mrs. G. William Cot-
trell, Jr. gave African specimens to both mammal and bird
departments and to the Insect Department as well. In fishes,
R. Ishiyama gave a collection including nearly all species of
Rajidae known from Japanese waters, H. R. Bullis, Jr. and
Giles W. Mead donated batoids from the east coast of Cen-
tral and South America, and O. Barton a collection from the
Galapagos Islands; other donors include W. W. Anderson, R.
Gibbs, C. L. Hubbs, H. Lyman, A. Pflueger and C. R. Robins.
The Department of Insects is indebted to Dr. E. A. Chapin
and Prof. W. T. M. Forbes for assistance, as well as to
Alan L. Kostinsky and Charles C. Porter. Outstanding among
donations to this department are fine lots of ants, includ-
ing types, from Father Thomas Borgmeier and Dr. W. W.
Kempf, and a fine collection of Okinawa insects from Floyd
Werner. Other donors of insects include C. M. de Biezanko,
T. Cekalovic, Richard Guppy, H. B. Hungerford, J. N. Knull,
C. H. Lindroth, C. J. Louwerens, Arthur Loveridge, P. S.

Io

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Nathan and L. E. Pefia; donors of arachnids include George
Argus, R. R. Dreisbach, Mrs. O. Hite, H. Jungster, B. Kessel,
M. Killpack, D. Lamore, J. Larsen, C. Lindroth, N. Meinkoth,
A. Mossman, V. Roth and J. Ward. The members of the
Mollusk Department wish to acknowledge their hearty thanks
to those who have generously contributed to the Friends of
the Mollusk Department Fund. Through the good office of
Prof. Hope Hibbard of Oberlin College there has been re-
ceived a collection of about 500 lots of mollusks, mainly
Hawaiian, collected last century by John Gulick. This ma-
terial is very valuable since most of the forms represented are
now extinct. The authorities of the New York State Museum
have kindly sent on permanent loan a duplicate set of Gould
collection shells, many of which were collected on the United
States Exploring Expedition of over a century ago. Various
other materials of value were received from the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, R. W. Foster, Dr. J. S.
Schwengel and Dr. J. C. Bequaert. The department is, as in
former years, deeply indebted to Dr. Champion for editorial
work and curatorial assistance. Dr. Harald Rehder of the
United States National Museum rendered invaluable aid to
Bahaman mollusk studies by the loan of a large amount of
land and freshwater material from those islands, collected by
Dr. Paul Bartsch in 1930. Also the authorities of the British
Museum (Natural History), particularly Mr. Peter Dance,
were of great aid in the loan of their large collection of
Papuininae and a large series of photographs of types of this
subfamily. The Department of Marine Invertebrates is in-
debted for collections of holothurians to Patricio Sanchez,
Edwin G. Allison and Robert Robertson, and for coelenterates
to Reinaldo Pfaff and Juan L. Rivero and for brittlestars from
Iran to Dr. C. E. Dawson. Cretaceous invertebrate fossils from
Les Eyzies, France, were donated by Robert J. Rodden and
Cambrian fossils from the eastern United States were given by
the Geology Department of Massachusetts Institute of Tech-

|) |

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

nology. Plaster casts of nearly 1,000 types of Triassic inverte-
brates monographed by Hyatt, Smith and Johnston were
received from the United States Geological Survey; Dr. S.
Sakagami has presented the museum with casts of ammonoid
types from the Iwai formation of Japan, and about too casts of
Triassic ammonoid types were received from the Geological
Survey of Canada. Dr. R. G. S. Hudson gave a collection of
nautiloids from Egypt and Israel.

ALFRED S. Romer, Director

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

FacuLTy 1959-1960

NATHAN MARSH PUSEY, PH.D., LL.D., L.H.D., President
HENRY BRYANT BIGELOW, PH.D., s.D. (hon.), PH.p. (hon.).
WILLIAM APPLETON COOLIDGE, A.B., M.A., LL.B.

ALFRED SHERWOOD ROMER, PH.D., s.D. (hon.).

GEORGE CHEEVER SHATTUCK, M.D., A.M. (hon.).

STAFF

ALFRED SHERWOOD ROMER, PH.D., s.D. (hon.), Director, Alexander Agassiz
Professor of Zoology, and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology.

HENRY BRYANT BIGELOW, PH.D., s.D. (hon.), PH.D. (hon.), Research
Oceanographer, Retired.

LOUIS CARYL GRATON, PH.D., Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology, Emer-
itus.

FRANCIS BIRCH, PH.D., Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology.

FRANK MORTON CARPENTER, S.D., 4lexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology
and Curator of Fossil Insects.

ERNST MAYR, PH.D., DR.PHIL.,s.D. (hon.), 4lexander Agassiz Professor of
Zoology and Professor of Zoology.

BRYAN PATTERSON, A.M. (hon.), Alexander Agassiz Professor of Vertebrate
Paleontology and Professor of Vertebrate Paleontology.

GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON, PH.D., s.D. (hon.), p.s.c. (hon.), LL.p. (hon.),
Alexander Agassiz Professor of Vertebrate Paleontology and Pro-
fessor of Vertebrate Paleontology.

JOSEPH CHARLES BEQUAERT, DR.PHIL., Honorary Associate in Entomology
and Malacology.

MARLAND PRATT BILLINGS, PH.D., Curator of the Geological Museum.

WILLIAM JAMES CLENCH, PH.D., s.D. (hon.), Curator of Mollusks.

PHILIP JACKSON DARLINGTON, JR., PH.D., Fall Curator of Coleoptera and
Curator of Recent Insects.

ELISABETH DEICHMANN, PH.D., Curator of Marine Invertebrates.

TILLY EDINGER, DR.PHIL.NAT., s.D. (hon.), DR.RER.NAT. (hon.), Research
Paleontologist.

JAMES COWAN GREENWAY, JR., A.B., Curator of Birds.

COLUMBUS O'DONNELL ISELIN, I, A.M., s.D. (hon.), Research Oceanog-
rapher.

ARTHUR LOVERIDGE, Honorary Associate in Herpetology.

BARBARA LAWRENCE SCHEVILL, A.B., Curator of Mammals.

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MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

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15

HARRY BLACKMORE WHITTINGTON, PH.D., D.sc., Curator of Invertebrate
Paleontology.

ERNEST EDWARD WILLIAMS, PH.D., Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians.

WILLIAM LOUIS BROWN, JR., PH.D., Associate Curator of Insects. |

WILLIAM GEORGE FOWLE HARRIS, Associate Curator of Oology.

BERNHARD KUMMEL, PH.D., Associate Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology.

HERBERT WALTER LEVI, PH.D., Associate Curator of Arachnology.

RAYMOND ANDREW PAYNTER, JR., PH.D., Associate Curator of Birds.

WILLIAM CHARLES SCHROEDER, Associate Curator of Fishes.

CHARLES PEIRSON LYMAN, PH.D., Research Associate in Mammalogy.

WILLIAM EDWARD SCHEVILL, A.M., Research Associate in Zoology.

RUTH DIXON TURNER, PH.D., Research Associate in Malacology and Alex-
ander Agassiz Fellow in Oceanography and Zoology.

BENJAMIN SHREVE, Research Assistant.

NELDA EMELYN WRIGHT, M.A., Research Assistant and Editor of Publica-
tions.

CHARLES HENRY BLAKE, PH.D., Associate in Ornithology.

ARTHUR JAMES BOUCOT, PH.D., Associate in Invertebrate Paleontology.

MERRILL EDWIN CHAMPION, M.D., M.P.H., Associate in Mollusks.

EDWARD ALBERT CHAPIN, PH.D., Associate in Entomology.

JAMES WITTENMEYER CHAPMAN, sc.D., Associate in Entomology.

ARTHUR MERTON CHICKERING, PH.D., Associate in Arachnology.

HAROLD JEFFERSON COOLIDGE, JR., $.B., 4ssociate in Mammalogy.

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL FAIRCHILD, PH.D., Associate in Entomology.

RICHARD WINSLOW FOSTER, A.B., Associate in Mollusks.

RICHARD IRVING JOHNSON, A.B., Associate in Mollusks.

EDWARD HARLAN MICHELSON, PH.D., Associate in Mollusks.

GEORGE MITCHELL MooRE, PH.D., Associate in Mollusks.

NATHAN WENDELL RISER, PH.D., Associate in Mollusks.

HENRY SETON, A.M., Associate in Vertebrate Paleontology.

ROBERT RAKES SHROCK, PH.D., Associate in Invertebrate Paleontology.

THEODORE ELMER WHITE, PH.D., Associate in Vertebrate Paleontology.

EDWARD OSBORNE WILSON, PH.D., Associate in Entomology.

ARNOLD DAVID LEWIS, Preparator.

RUTH WOOD NORTON, A.B., Secretary to the Director.

JESSIE BELL MACKENZIE, A.B., Librarian.

PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1958-1959

BREVIORA
No. 89. Remarks on some forms of Cinclus (Aves). By James
C. Greenway, Jr. and Charles Vaurie. 10 pp. July 15, 1958.

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY :
|

16

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

No. go. A fossil vampire bat from Cuba. By Karl F. Koopman.
4 pp. 1 pl. July 30, 1958.

No. gt. Contribution to a revision of the earthworm family
Lumbricidae. II. Indian species. By G. E. Gates. 16 pp.
August 13, 1958.

No. 92. A new genus of erethizontid rodents from the Colhue-
huapian of Patagonia. By Bryan Patterson. 4 pp. September
17, 1958.

No. 93. A new barylambdid pantodont from the late Paleocene.
By Bryan Patterson and Elwyn L. Simons. 8 pp. September
18, 1958.

No. 94. Affinities of the Patagonian fossil mammal Necrolestes.
By Bryan Patterson. 14 pp. September 18, 1958.

No. 95. A new Bolivian land snail of the genus Drymaeus. By
Juan Jose Parodiz. 3 pp. September 19, 1958.

No. 96. A new dichobunid artiodactyl from the Uinta Eocene.
By C. Lewis Gazin. 6 pp. September 19, 1958.

No. 97. Fusion of cervical vertebrae in the Erethizontidae and
Dinomyidae. By Clayton E. Ray. 11 pp., 2 pls. October 27,
1958.

No. 98. Two new species of Bathylagus from the Western North
Atlantic with notes on other species. By Daniel M. Cohen.
g pp. December 12, 1958.

No. 99. A new subspecies of Chamaeleo jacksoni Boulenger
and a key to the species of three-horned chamaeleons. By
A. Stanley Rand. 8 pp. December 19, 1958.

No. too. On the pineal organ of the tuna, Thynnus thynnus L.
By Uno Holmgren. 5 pp., 2 pls. December 23, 1958.

No. tor. Cervical ribs in turtles. By Ernest E. Williams. 12 pp.,
1 pl. March 2, 1959.

No. 102. A new Jamaican galliwasp (Sauria, Anguidae). By
Garth Underwood. 13 pp. April 9, 1959.

No. 103. Two new species of Eleutherodactylus from Puerto
Rico. By Juan A. Rivero. 6 pp., 1 pl. April 10, 1959.

My

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

No. 104. Studies on fishes of the family Ophidiidae. III. A
new species of Lepophidium from Barbados. By C. Richard
Robins. 7 pp. April 13, 1959.

No. 105. Bufo gundlachi, a new Species of Cuban toad. By
Rodolfo Ruibal. 14 pp. April 14, 1959.

No. 106. The occipito-vertebral joint in the burrowing snakes of
the family Uropeltidae. By Ernest E. Williams. 10 pp. April
28, 1959.

No. 107. A revision of the dacetine ant genus Neostruma. By
William L. Brown, Jr. 13 pp. May 6, 1959.

No. 108. Some new species of dacetine ants. By William L.
Brown, Jr. 11 pp. May 7, 1959.

No. 1og. On the pineal area and adjacent structures of the brain
of the dipnoan fish, Protopterus annectens (Owen). By Uno
Holmgren, 7 pp., 2 pls. May 8, 1959.

No. 110. The spider genus Coleosoma (Araneae, Theridiidae).
By Herbert W. Levi. 8 pp., 1 pl. June 16, 1959.

No. 111. On the caudal neurosecretory system of the teleost fish,
Fundulus heteroclitus L. By Uno Holmgren. 13 pp., 2 pls.
June 17, 1959.

BULLETIN

Vol. 119

No. 1. Revision of five African snake genera. By Arthur
Loveridge. 198 pp. July, 1958.

No. 2. Four new rajids from the Gulf of Mexico. By Henry B.
Bigelow and William C. Schroeder, 36 pp. July, 1958.

No. 3. The general histology and topographic microanatomy of
Australorbis glabratus. By Chia-Tung Pan. 66 pp., 18 pls.
July, 1958.

No. 4. Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia III. Rhytidoponera
in Western Melanesia and the Moluccas. IV. The tribe
Ponerini. By E. O. Wilson. 72 pp. August, 1958.

No. 5. A new species of chelid turtle, Phrynops (Batrachemys)
dahli, from Colombia. By Rainer Zangerl and Fred Medem.
18 pp., 2 pls. August, 1958.

18

Ee eee

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

No. 6. Taractes asper and the systematic relationships of the
Steinegeriidae and Trachyberycidae. By Giles W. Mead and
G. E. Maul. 28 pp., 1 pl. October, 1958.

No. 7. Additions to the Pleistocene mammalian fauna from
Melbourne, Florida. By Clayton E. Ray. 32 pp. November,
1958.

No. 8. Studies on the morphology and function of the skull in
the Boidae (Serpentes). Part 1. Cranial differences between
Python sebae and Epicrates cenchris. By T. H. Frazzetta.
22 pp. January, 1959.

No. 9. The genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Argiopidae) in Michi-
gan. By Arthur M. Chickering. 26 pp. February, 1959.

Vol. 120

No. 1. The herpetology of Southern Rhodesia. Part 1. Snakes.
By Donald G. Broadley. 100 pp., 6 pls. March, 1959.

No. 2. Studies on the comparative embryology of the reptilian
nose. By Thomas S. Parsons. 78 pp., 7 pls. March, 1959.
No. 3. The rodents of the Deseadan Oligocene of Patagonia
and the beginnings of South American rodent evolution. By

Albert E. Wood and Bryan Patterson. 150 pp. May, 1959.

No. 4. The types of Corbiculidae and Sphaeriidae (Mollusca:
Pelecypoda) in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and a
bio-bibliographic sketch of Temple Prime, an early specialist
of the group. By Richard I. Johnson. 52 pp., 8 pls. May, 1959.

No. 5. Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia. V. The tribe
Odontomachini. By Edward O. Wilson. 29 pp., 2 pls. May,
Be

Vol. 121

No. 1. Description of the skull of Pomatodelphis inaequalis
Allen. By Remington Kellogg. 26 pp., 6 pls. May, 19509.

No. 2. Land and freshwater mollusks of Great and Little Inagua,
Bahama Islands. By William J. Clench. 26 pp., 1 pl. May.

Sed

19

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

JOHNSONIA

Vol. 3

Introduction (including dedication of Vol. 3 to Dr. H. A.
Pilsbry, by R. D. Turner). Pp. I-VIII.

No. 39. The genera Conus, Sconsia, Columbarium and Murex
in the Western Atlantic. By William J. Clench. Pp. 329-334,
4 pls. 1959.

No. 39. The genera Hemitoma and Diodora in the Western
Atlantic. By Ruth D. Turner. Pp. 334-344, 4 pls. 1959.

No. 39. The genera Amaea and Epitonium in the Western
Atlantic. By Ruth D. Turner. P. 344. 1959.

No. 39. The family Phasianellidae in the Western Atlantic.
By Robert Robertson. Pp. 344-346. 1959.

No. 39. Index. By Merrill E. Champion. Pp. 347-352. 1959.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS ON MOLLUSKS

Vol. 2
No. 23. Notes on the genus Taheitia (Truncatellidae) in New
Guinea with the description of a new species. By Ruth D.
Turner. Pp. 181-188, 2 pls. 1959.

PSYCHE

Vol. 64
No. 3. The Indo-Australian species of the ant genus Strumigenys
Fr. Smith: S. decollata Mann and S. ecliptacoca new species.
By W. L. Brown, Jr. Pp. rog—114, 1958.
Predation of arthropod eggs by the ant genera Proceratium and
Discothyrea. By W. L. Brown, Jr. P. 115, 1958.
The presence of a peritrophic membrane in some aquatic Hem-

iptera. By M. C. Parsons. Pp. 117-122, 1959.

Vol. 65
No. 1. Elizabeth Bangs Bryant. By Elizabeth Diechmann. Pp.
I-I0, 1959.

20

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Patchy distributions of ant species in New Guinea rain forests.
By E. O. Wilson. Pp. 26-38, 1959.
A Formica slave-maker raiding the nest of a myrmicine ant.

By W. L. Brown, Jr. Pp. 39-40, 1959.

PUBLICATIONS BY THE MUSEUM STAFF

BiceLow H. B.
Four new rajids from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 119: 199-233, 11 figs. 1958. (With W. C. Schroeder.)
Brown, W. L., Jr.
_ A review of the ants of New Zealand. Acta Hymenopt., Fukuoka,
I: I-50, 1958.

The Indo-Australian species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr.
Smith: S. decollata Mann and S. ecliptacoca new species. Psyche,
64: 109-114, 1958.

Predation of arthropod eggs by the ant genera Proceratium and
Discothyrea. Psyche, 64: 115, 1958.

Recent changes in the introduced population of the fire ant
Solenopsis saevissima (Fr. Smith). Evolution, 12: 211-218,
1958. (With E. O. Wilson.)

Review. Population Studies: Animal ecology and demography;
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Vol. 22.
Amer. Scientist, 46: 252A-254A, 1958.

Speciation: the center and the periphery. Proc. Tenth Internat.
Congr. Ent., Montreal, 1956, 1: 89-99, 1958.

The evolution and social significance of the ant proventriculus.
Proc. Tenth Internat. Cong. Ent., Montreal, 1956, 2: 503-508,
1958. (With T. Eisner.)

The neotropical species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith:
group of emery: Mann (Hymenoptera). Ent. News, 70: 97—104,

1

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

A revision of the dacetine ant genus Neostruma. Breviora, no. 107:
Rig es 2

Some new species of dacetine ants. Breviora, no. 108: I-11, 1959.

Appendix G, Insecta collected by the expedition. Jn: Field H.,
An anthropological reconnaissance in West Pakistan, 1955. Pap.
Peabody Mus. Harvard Univ., 52: 229-230, 1959.

A Formica slave-maker raiding the nest of a myrmicine ant.
Psyche, 65: 39-40, 1959.

Variation in the ant Polyrhachis thrinax (Hymenoptera). Ent.
News, 70: 164, 1959.

Synonymy in the ant genus Macromischa Roger. Florida Ent., 42:
7374 1959-

CarPENTER, F. M.
Mexican snake-flies. Psyche, 65 Pasi 2 pls., 1959.
CHICKERING, A. M.

The genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Arezonidhave in Michigan. Bull.

Mus. Comp. Zool., 119: 473-499, 1959.
CLENCcH, W. J.

New records of West Indian Streptaxidae. Nautilus, 72: 19-20,
1958.

Quickella vagans (Pilsbry). Nautilus, 72: 68, 1958.

Physa compacta Pease. Nautilus, 72: 68, 1958.

Fulgoraria kaneko Hirase. Nautilus, 72: 69—70, 1958.

The land and freshwater Mollusca of Rennell Island, Solomon
Islands. /7: Natural History of Rennell Island, British Solomon
Islands. Copenhagen, Denmark, vol. 2: 155-202, pls. 16-109,
1958.

John T. Gulick’s Hawaiian land shells. Nautilus, 72: 95-98, 1959.

Method used by C. B. Adams in describing and measuring shells.
Nautilus, 72: 105-106, 1959.

Land and freshwater mollusks of Great and Little Inagua, Bahama
Islands. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 121: 27-54, 1 pl., 1959.

Review notes on the genera Conus, Sconsia, Columbarium and
Murex in the Western Atlantic. Johnsonia, 3: 329-334, 4 pls..

1959-

22

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

DaruincTon, P. J., JR.

Darwin and zoogeography. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 103: 307—
5195 1959-

Review. Zoogeography, ed. by Carl L. Hubbs., Science, 129: 1018—
I0IQ, 1959.

DEICHMANN, E.

Two new plexaurid gorgonians from the Bahama Islands. Bull.
Mar. Sci. Gulf and Caribbean, 8: 224-235, 5 figs., 1958. (With
Frederick M. Bayer.)

Elizabeth Bangs Bryant (Memorial). Psyche, 65: 1-10, 1959.

The holothurian fauna of Antarctica. XVth Internat. Cong. Zool.,

ho Sect.. TV>( 16): 1=3, 1959

Ekman’s barrier and the holothurians of the Panama Region.

XVth Internat. Cong. Zool., Sect. III (47): 1-2, 1959.
Epincer, T.

Non-correlated progress. (Abstract.) Anat. Rec., 132(3): 431,

1958.
Farrcuip, G. B.

Notes on neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera) II. Descriptions of new
species and new records for Panama. Ann. Ent. Soc. America,
51: 517-530, 1958.

Notes on the Phlebotomus of Panama, XV. Four apparently new
synonymies. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 60: 203-205, 1958.
(With M. Hertig.)

Notes on the PAlebotomus of Panama, XIV (Diptera, Psychodi-
dae) P. vespertilionis and related species. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer-
ica, 51: 509-516, 1958. (With M. Hertig.)

Notes on the Phlebotomus of Panama, XIV (Diptera, Psychodidae)
P. vespertilionis and related species. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 51:
509-516, 1958. (With N. Hertig.)

Geographic distribution of the Phlebotomus sandflies of Central
America (Diptera: Psychodidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 52:

121-124, 1959. (With M. Hertig,)
Jounson, R. I.

The types of Corbiculidae and Sphaeriidae (Mollusca: Pelecypoda)

in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and a bio-bibliographic

32
=

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

sketch of Temple Prime, an early specialist of the group. Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 120(4): 429-479, 8 pls., 1959.
KuMMEL, B.

Discussion of paper by E. Koch, Geology of the Maquia oilfield in
eastern Peru and its regional setting. Proc. Vth World Petrol-
eum Congress, Sec. 1: 600-601, 1959.

Levi, H. W.

Harvestmen and spiders of Wisconsin; additional species and
notes. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 47: 43-52, 1959. (With
Lorna R. Levi and J. Kaspar.)

The spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Trans.
Amer. Micros. Soc., 78: 7-43, 1959.

The spider genus Coleosoma (Araneae, Theridiidae). Breviora,
no. 110: 2-10, 1959.

LoveripcE, A.

Revision of five African snake genera. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,

119(1) : 1-198, 1958.
Lyman, C. P.

Metabolic adaptations of hibernators. Fed. Proc., 17: 1057-1060,

BOTS» ¥959-
Mayr, E.

Behavior and systematics. Jn: Behavior and Evolution (ed. A.
Roe and G. G. Simpson, New Haven, Yale Univ. Press), Part
IV, no. 16: 341-362, 1958.

Darwin and the evolutionary theory in biology. Jn: Evolution
and Anthropology: A Centennial Appraisal. Washington (An-
thropological Society), pp. 1-12, 1959.

[ABO bloodgroups and anemia.| Jour. Medical Education, 34:
Se eae es

Isolation as an evolutionary factor. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.,
103(2) : 221-230, 1959.

Agassiz, Darwin and evolution. Harvard Library Bulletin, 13(2) :
165-194, 1959.

Patrerson, B.

The rodents of the Deseadan Oligocene of Patagonia and the

beginnings of South American rodent evolution. Bull. Mus.

24

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Comp. Zool., 120(3); 282-428, 1959. (With A. E. Wood.)

A new genus of erethizontid rodents from the Colhuehuapian of
Patagonia. Breviora, no. 92: 1—4, 1958.

A new barylambdid pantodont from the late Paleocene. Breviora,
No. 93: 1-8, 1958. (With E. L. Simons.)

Affinities of the Patagonian fossil mammal Necrolestes. Breviora,
no. 94: I-14, 1958.

Paynter, R. A.

Blue and White Swallow in Mexico. Condor, 59: 268, 1957. (With
M. Alvarez del Toro.)

Review. A population study of penguins. Ecology, 39: 176, 1958.

Romer, A. S.

~ Phylogeny and behavior with special reference to vertebrate evo-
lution. Im: Behavior and Evolution (ed. A. Roe and G. G.
Simpson, New Haven, Yale Univ. Press), Part I, no. 3: 48-75,
1958.

Tetrapod limbs and early tetrapod life. Evolution, 12(3): 365-
369, 1958.

The vertebrate as a dual animal— visceral and somatic. (Ab-
stract.) Anat. Rec., 132(3): 496, 1958.

The Vertebrate Story. Univ. Chicago Press, 437 pp., illus., 1959.

Vergleichende Anatomie der Wirbeltiere. (Translated by Hans
Frick, with a foreword by Dietrich Starck.) Hamburg and
Berlin, 499 pp., illus., 1959.

SCHROEDER, W. C.

Four new rajids from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
119: 199-233, 11 figs., 1958. (With H. B. Bigelow.)

The lobster, Homarus americanus, and the red crab, Geryon
quinquedens, in the offshore waters of the Western North
Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research, 5: 266-282, 1 fig., 1959.

Turner, R. D. |

Notes on the genus Taheitia (Truncatellidae) in New Guinea
with the description of a new species. Occas. Pap. Mollusks, 2:
181-188, 2 pls., 1959.

Henry A. Pilsbry. Johnsonia, 3: 2—4, 2 pls., 1959.

25

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

The genera Hemitoma and Diodora in the Western Atlantic.

Johnsonia, 3: 334-344, 4 pls., 1959.
Wuirttincton, H. B.

Ontogeny of the trilobite Peltura scarabaeoides from Upper
Cambrian, Denmark. Paleontology, 1(3): 200-205, 1 pl., 1958.

New Lower Ordovician Odontopleuridae (Trilobita) from Oland.
Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Uppsala, 38: 37-45, 3 pls., 1958.

Contributions. In: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part O,
Arthropoda 1, (Ed. Raymond C. Moore), Geol. Soc. America
and Univ. Kansas Press (560 pp., 415 figs), 50 pp., 1959.

Wituiams, E. E.

Cervical ribs in turtles. Breviora, no. 101: I-12, 1959.

The occipito-vertebral joint in the burrowing snakes of the fam-
ily Uropeltidae. Breviora, no. 106: 1-10, 1959.

Gadow’s arcualia and the development of tetrapod vertebrae.
Quart. Rev. Biol., 34: 1-32, 1959.

Witson, E. O.

Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia III. Rhytidoponera in West-
ern Melanesia and the Moluccas. [V. The tribe Ponerini. Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 119(4) : 303-371, 1958.

Recent changes in the introduced population of the fire ant
Solenopsis saevissima (Fr. Smith). Evolution, 12: 211-218,
1958. (With W. L. Brown, Jr.)

Character displacement and species criteria. Proc. Xth Int. Congr.
Ent., 1: 125-128, 1958. -

Radioactive tracer studies of food transmission in ants. Proc. Xth
Int. Congr. Ent., 2: 509-513, 1958.

Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia V. The tribe Odontoma-
chini. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 120(5): 483-510, 1959.

Source and possible nature of the odor trail of fire ants. Science,
129: 643-644, 1959.

Adaptive shift and dispersal in a tropical ant fauna. Evolution,
13(1) : 122-144, 1959.

Patchy distributions of ant species in New Guinea rain forests.
Psyche, 65(1) : 26-38, 1959.

Invader of the South. Natural History, 68(5) : 276-281, 1959.

26

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yea te avene meh Re Y Oe Ca oY at . . ; ; 4 7 “ y 4 ; Ft $e peut 6
re at P : é . ™ os
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Pw ai we spe Ny il

eR TTA Cede bamre ‘ : /
Wy A enter ; ntbshe \ . ; hats.
On ee NIN MIM ON REM NAL UIE ay te ot fue ope : : y : ; > nyt