Z ay
oy,
HARVARD. UNIVERSITY.
LIBRARY
OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
[326
mT
a
a lie
ee ee
SALE,,OF GOVERNMENT , PUBLIGATIONS.” |
rt
The under-mentioned Firms have been appointed sole Agents for the sale of Aas
Publications, including Parliamentary Reports and Papers, Acts of Parliament, Record Office
Publications, &c., &c., and all such works can be purchased from them either direct]:
through retail booksellers, who, under the provisions of the sale agency contracts, are ‘eatiled
to a discount of 25 per cent. from the selling prices :—
IN ENGLAND :— _
or all publications excepting Ordnance and Geological Maps, the H hi
Works Pe the Prema ise | Patent Office Publications! ; i yarograp a
Messrs Eyre & Sportiswoopn, East Harding ap E.C.
For Ordnance and Geological Maps :
Mr E.'Stanrorp, Cockspur Street, $.W.
For Hydrographical Works of the Admiralty :
Mr J. D. Porrmr, 31 Poultry, E.C.
Patent Office Publications are sold at. the Patent Office.
For all Publications excepting the Hydrographical Works of the Waplinaley and ieee
Office Publications :
IN SCOTLAND :—Messrs A. & C. Buack, 6 North Bridge, Edinburgh. .
IN IRELAND :—Messrs Hopass, Ficais, & Co., 104 Grafton Street, Dublin.
The following is a list of some of the more important Parliamentary and other opamu |
recently issued :—
Parliamentary :— ‘ |
Statutes. Public and General, Session 1889. Roy. 8vo. Cloth. Price 3s.
Second Revised Edition. By authority :— a
Vol. I. From the twentieth year of the reign of Henry III. to end of the
reign of Anne. A.D, 1235-1713. Roy. 8vo. 908 pp. :
Price 7s. 6d.
Vol. Il. From the first year of the reign of King George 1. to end of the
reign of the last Parliament of Great Britain in the forty-first oh a5 a of the
reign of King George III. A.D. 1714-1800. Roy. 8yo. ign Boards.
ce 7s. 6d.
Vol. III. From the forty-first year of the reign of Kin oes, III. (U.K.)
to the fifty-fourth year of the reign of King George I enisiei
Roy. 8vo. 966 pp. Boards. Price 7s. 6d.
Revised Editions, Repeals :—
Tables showing subsequent Repeals, effected by Acts of Session, 52 & 53 Viet.
1889. Roy. 8vo. 16 pp. Stitched. Price 6d,
Chronological Table and Index of. Eleventh Edition. To the end of the Session
52 & 53 Vict. (1889). Roy. 8yo. 1690 pp. Cloth. Price 10s, ;
[C. 5952.] Insrors InJuRIOUS TO THE Crops OF FARMS, THE ORCHARDS, and the GARDENE.
Third Annual Report by C. Whitehead, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S., to Board. of
Agriculture, 1889, (Illustrated.) 74 pp. Price 33d.
[C. 5994.) Sunpay Cuiosine or Pusiic-Hovuses In Wauzs. Report of se the Commis-
sioners. 42 pp. Price 4hd,
[C. 59941.] Drrro. Evidence taken before. 692 pp. Price 5s, 6d.
[C. 6034.] HorsE-BREEDING Commission. ‘Third Report of. 8 pp. oe SPrice. id,
[C. 60341] Drrro. Evidence taken, 138 pp. » Price 1s. id.
[C. 6042.] InrERNATIONAL LaBouR ConrERENog held at Berlin. “Further Co
with Reports and Protocols. 196 pp. Price 1s. a
{C. 6059.] Mixerat Om Lamps. Report on, 12 pp. Price 14d.
[C. 6060.] Facrortes anp WorxsHors. | Report’ of the Chief. Inspector, lat
218 pp. Price 11d,
C. 6066.] Vaccination Commission. Second Report ofj the Commissioners, with L
Evidence, Appendices, and Index. 322 pp. Price 7s. 4d.
[C. 6067.] Crorrers CononrzaTION. Re of the Sapo es the
Canadian Scheme, with Appendix. (With Map.) 34 EAC AD Od,
H.C, 302. Hor Inpusrry. Report from the Select Committee on. os 1) 2d,
1 6122213, 10/7/90, Wt, 17990. N. <8
fee HIGHTH eS
ANNUAL: REPORT >
: oy | OF THE :
_ FISHERY BOARD FOR 800 TLAND,
Being for the Year 1889. ne é or
| IN THREE PARTS. oe tS
Parr L—GENERAL REPORT. | ae
Part IL.—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES. — aie
Parr II.—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS. Sen .
"Ne
é ett he
PART IL—GENERAL REPORT. |
: ie C1 eal
- Bresented to both Bonuses of Parliament iv pursuance of "i ce a
Act 45 and 46 Bict., cap. 78. ' Bete Pa
te DI N BUR GH:
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,
A ain at => 4 NEILL & Co., OLD FISHMARKET CLOSE.
And to be ele OAD either directly or through any techies: Seeie
. - ADAM anp CHARLES: BLACK, 6 Norta Brwwae, EDINBURGH ; or
_ EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, East Harvie Srreer, Fueer Srreer, EC. ; or
ave _ HODGES, FIGGIS, Sten 104 GrarTon STRERT, banat -
“nt
eS the pea
A ic —s100) Prive Tad.
par ee
WO A ry
| rae ae 4%,
.
Ee Aad ee PS
ah rit Ta:
k k
<
t Pri
" a i i
s
Lad,
aa p
i y
+
iy eng
= a FAY
rw
oh
RMN est
| site tat!
[OPPA DITA AVY praETY hh pita <
ear
a
THOTT TARR I as st
- > ms
' ‘ F me + ‘ 7 ,
haunted sdeeatieieaniatihatedtadliat detent inthe eine tale edatheants at a Tota TE ee nee ea
we ee ym Pe De Cees AT DEEL CRS SM to er ee te et ny pee ne eee lp hs ere goa age CN aN
lo vinettartie uf Jemma aves} a ed ub Gosia, wa sf
HS: iH OSE Maa aie Sy
aOHTO, “YHA OVva'ee, CP VAR CA HEE aga dir
, B0Z0) eaAMBaLt Gi OE: BLE, ;
‘ r ot este STA
‘mon pelisadoot yas ifs ayoiit to ¥Moouiby 4
10 | ali awa woOGLdel' pasion oe sai
(20 5 ID rae Ta pase pI vn
MOC), anata MOTIAAD: boas ore ee z
CONTENTS.
THE SEA FISHERIES OF SCOTLAND.
Commencement of herring fishing
Closed first week in September
Number of boats engaged greater than in 1888
Prices of Herrings . -
Five hundred and seventy-one boats left on beach
Produce of inshore grounds :
General fishing ground
East Coast catch much greater than in 1888 -
Continued falling off in the fishing in Shetland
Rise and fall there during past ten years
Decrease on West Coast compared with 1888, but increase
for both coasts . -
Quality of herrings = -
Herrings landed on West Coast
Takes generally used fresh --
Rich flavour -
~ é +=
Decrease in winter fishing, as compared with 1888
Quantity of herrings branded -
Amount of brand fees - -
Cured herrings exported -
Quantity of herrings landed on both coasts
Quantity and value of same consumed in United Kingdom
Quantity of cured herrings exported -
Different kinds of herrings consumed -
Small herrings sent to Continent
New crown brands under consideration
_ Number of fish-c curing Stal Lani cny on Kast ‘Coast
Increase in quantity kippered and preserved in tins
~
-
in totals
Returns of cod, ling, and hake fisheries in 1889, as compared with
1888 - _
Total quantity of white fish ed ina fresh sate’
Agoregate value thereof, and of shell fish
White fishing successful — -
State of weather : Ae.
Seventy-two lives lost “
Boats and capital invested = -
HERRING FISHERY : CURED FISH.
reais cured in each of the last seven years
e ~ Increase i in 1889 over 1888 -
ee Results of 1888, and 1889 one
Boats wrecked and damaged, and loss of fishing gear
Persons employed
LS
CONTENTS.
Comparison of the reanits of 1889, ae the average of the preceding
tenyears - - - - Jn aes wha,
SUMMARY OF HERRING FISHING ; CURED FISH: L) BAST. why
COAST.
Twelve districts show an increase and five a decrease
Net increase in 1889 over 1888 - - -
East Coast fishing of preceding fifty years - -
Yearly average of barrels cured in periods of ten years
Increase in 1889 over 1888, and over preceding fifty years
SUMMARY OF HERRING FISHING; CURED FISH:
Total decrease in herrings cured - -
Three districts show an increase and five a decrease _
General view of fishing — - - -—
West Coast fishing of preceding fifty y years - - =
Yearly average of | herrings cured in periods of ten years — -
Decrease in 1889 under 1888, but increase over preceding fifty years -
SUMMARY OF HERRING FISHING; CURED FISH: UL. BOTH
COASTS.
Herrings cured in each Fishery District in 1888 and 1889, and re-
spective increases or decreases eine - - - -
Totals of increases or decreases —s - - - ah ibs et
Net increase in 1889 over 1888, and increase during Baltes fifty
years - - - - ae - - very
Yearly average increase in periods of ten years ES het cn a RS
Value of herring fishery to people of Scotland - Oe es.
- Increase per cent. of 1889 over dy of preceding ten, twenty-five,
and fifty years - - - - -
Great development of fishery since 1809 - ae tae
Details regarding herring fishery - - - -—
*
HERRINGS CURED ON BOARD OF VESSELS AND oN SHORE. a a
Herrings cured on board of vessels - Lai RR
This branch of industry declining ~—- Sg Nese (iy
Total quantity of herrings cured in vessels and on shore ~
Herrings cured as kippers, bloaters, or red pagan or preserved AM
tins - - - - - eked A FETs - >is xviii
Further particulars thereof - COS he gah OSE ihe A ON ae a ct Br fis sy
Rode rk “ies
BRANDING OF HERRINGS.
Quantity of herrings branded - at ete tae
Quality of herrings ee - - -
Branding of herrings important. branch of service Hae a tas
Reports thereon by H.M. Diplomatic and Consular officers abroad
Deputation from Board appointed to visit t Continent ia ripe?
Particulars of herrings branded - © -
_ Comparison of brandings with 1888 - |
j
a ~ ae ‘ : ; . : | ; . :
Se, een aoe - CONTENTS. iii
; a * bs P)
Ai 2 PAGE
hea : HERRINGS EXPORTED. gore
\? a Quantity of cured herrings exported “ : ‘ : oe RG *
A Places to which exported - - - - - - XX +
os _ Exports in 1888 and 1889 compared - - - - - XX
eae Particulars of barrels exported - - - - XX c
= Herrings eames, branded, and sg ty 1875 é 1889 : - XX1
aes | gs
Aaa WINTER HERRING FISHERY.
oi Winter herring fishing not so successful as in preceding three years - xxi .
Districts where prosecuted — - - - - - - Xxi é
. Fluctuations in the fishing —- - - - - - XX1 i
-'t Quality and prices of herrings = - - : . - y 6.4 ek,
By How disposed of - : - - - - - xxi ie
; ie ot 5 Sanne AND SUNDAY FISHING PROHIBITED ON WEST Nace
ern” COAST. hae
ae = : yl
E.. _ Regulations as to close time for herrings on West Coast : : Xxb.s een
a i | ILLEGAL-SIZED HERRING BARRELS. . yn ey
Large number of undersized herring barrels made _ - - . xxii ea ;
Bok - Seizure of barrels under legal size - ~~ - - - amahay pat) ae
__ _Their condemnation and sale for behoof of Crown — - : | XXxli nx
POS Good results - ~~ - - - - : - Siew >. 4) Si
Bet) Expression of opinion elicited from fishcurers as to existing law regard- :
Chie ing barrels - . xxii Seca
d if M Board concluded that barrels and halt este should be pase by hs ae
them before being i okies aaa : : : xxii Lee
- tet ;
Bie os XO. . :
aa HOOPING OF HERRING BARRELS. aici
‘ New regulations made as to hooping of herring barrels © - - XXli
Reasons for change —- = heal ag Fa “A SREP ee
vi Results satisfactory - - > ¢ * ‘ ; eT aR
}
\
hii STANDARD MEASURES FOR FRESH HERRINGS. oak
Fishermen desire that a quarter-cran measure be Pepalised, - phir. 2.0 Me
Reasons therefor - - - : - - -) xxiii os
Board authorised to make regulations for constructing and branding == n
Bye quarter-cran measure so A ee - ° eed =) 98. a MRL
Sa _ Regulations made - oa - - Big es Ec) AT
Quarter-cran basket measure - } 4 : : FS ah REL AE
— Quarter-cran box measure - - - - ARON vo XXlil
| pea letions printed and circulated — - TAA ir Teeth te tatu a:
Rye Cran and quarter-cran only legal measures for sale or delivery of fresh Ph a ae
Me MOREMSE, “yk a 5 TS - : - EL MOM reh rE? 2 44 cote Sy
ie eeee measures now in general use and giving satisfaction: Sits = 0 CN ni «
cop, LING, AND HAKE FISHERY : CURED FISH.
hae Ting, and hake fishery successfully prosecuted at fe ihe nada
. Quantity of fish pie ap each of the last « six years. uiehin ctit
4S.) .
- CONTENTS.
~ Cod, ling, and hake cured and exported in 1888 and 1889 Spiny
Tnerease in’1880 over 1888" - - ela
Details regarding cod, ling, and hake fishery - es
Cod, ling, and hake chited on board of vessels Te dar tae
Cod, ling, and hake curedon shore - + = i
Total of cod, ling, and hake cured in vessels and on bing ci a
Cod, ling, and hake exported - - Lege eS
Cd, ling , and hake cured and exported, 1875 t to este Set
ey
;
TOTAL QUANTITY OF FISH LANDED. Sick
Quantity and value of white and shell fish landed
White and shell fish landed in the last two years
Quantity and value of fish landed by beam trawlers
Returns collected by Board’s officers - -
Published monthly — - - LIA AG
?
FISH SOLD FOR USE IN A FRESH STATE.
Fish sold for use in a fresh state _—-- 78
Details thereof for last six years -— -
Comparison of 1889 with preceding five years _
Prices - - atari - -
Causes of reduction in same - 2 iooiat 13)
Details regarding fish used fresh - -
OYSTERS.
Supply falling off rapidly -
Protection and cultivation necessary
Experience of other countries - -
France - - . -
Supply increased i in France and Holland
America - i. i
Natural beds fished out - -
State interference Sash ae :
. Oyster farms held as private property — ial
Sixty per cent. of supplies is from planted beds iy
Artificial propagation of the oyster - = -
Enemies of the oyster - - - - "hs
_ Chief causes of depletion are over- fishing, river eas and deposits % ate:
of mud - - ‘ ! Mines §
The system of collecting the at
In France - 2 A i
In America” - - - Pi
Security of tenure necessary -
A perpetual franchise to the Baus ade which ist th fhe only. eS oy
practical solution of the oyster Hes oh i aa ROR amid Yat Ppairigd ee
_ The results in New York State i a eee wt a aoe ate s i 6 4
~ The method proposed by Professor Ryder _ th aa = oth
a ‘ _ The importance of clean cultch © . Apek a ;
2 _ Colonel M‘Donald’s opinion - 3 3- - ‘Sita eyolles sip eid : -ainteaaab
| Present condition of Scottish oyster biclthek oyha bo thane iti rated Met a: a oe
‘ ‘ ‘ ~
ee Fe § + F fA
; 4m yeas 5 :
CAN AMD EGR Rat) alan ys 4 3 16 “asi rly
’ XX)
h angio “aT!
; hols ‘ ony if % is eat J yi {1G —
-~
ls aaa
et is
SO ti ve
= i
ee
< -
— te
pa
* ,>
~~ > in p
sn ae
—
aod
+
So ese ee ee, ae
Fae) > aa
>
<4
ot,
Ne
Cae
aaa
=
=
> te
= ‘oie
he ES
bth ey
Sao
x
wags? 52
CONTENTS,
1
PAGE
ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF COD AND OTHER FOOD
, FISHES.
Now carried on in United States, Newfoundland, and elsewhere *
Fish return to the place at which they were spawned - -
Results of cod-hatching - - - - 2
Millions of young fish on the fishing grounds - - - r
Newfoundland has established a hatchery for cod and lobsters .
Description of the apparatus used —- ~ - o a
Method in Norway - - - - 4 :
Decrease in the cod-fishing in Newfoundland - . -
Fish can be exterminated by over-fishing — - 4 a “
LOBSTER-CULTURE.
It is proposed to establish several lobster hatcheries in Newfound-
land - - . 3
The importance of ave fishery in Nowinusaidid - - :
Decline of lobsters in Newfoundland i : e f
Decline in Scotland - - - = ; ;
Decline in Canada - - - - - 5 5
How depletion of a ground is steht - % . 4
Mode of hatching - - ‘ “ a 4
The work of the Fisher Bédard - - : A 4
Lobster hatching enclosure at Brodick, Arran = . ¢
Importance of the study of the life-history of the lobster —- -
‘The value of the application of scientific principles in fisheries f
The hatching of shad - - “A a i
The success of shad hatching - - : a x
WEATHER AND DISASTERS AT SEA.
State of weather during summer and winter herring fishing, and
generally throughout 1889. - - - : - 3
Seventy-two persons drowned | - - at - a
Loss in boats and fishing gear - - : vee ,
Lives lost, boats wrecked and damaged, and total loss in boats and
fishing material in last six years - - ; 5
Similar return by districts —- MENU atari ye pe :
AM MARINE POLICE AND FISHERY SUPERIN PENDENCE.
Number of boats detained ~— - = 3 F i
Registration of boats ~ - i e 2
Certificates issued, examined, and endorsed - :
Detailed peenatass thereof - - J : 3
Vessels employed in protecting the fisheries - : Z
‘Services of ‘Jackal’
Services of ¢ Vigilant’ - ; ‘ : :
Senvices of * Daisy.” 4) f« : : :
Services of ‘Firm’ — - ‘ _ Bie : ue
Services of ‘Hagle’ -.-. - - - - : te
Arrangements for superintending fisheries and protecting sfetet waters
against trawlers most unsatisfactory
XXXili
XXX1V
XXX1V
XXX1V
XXX1V
XXXIV
XXXV
XXXV
XXXV
XXXV
XXXVl
XXXV1
XxXvl
XXXV1
XXXVl
XXXvl
REVI
XXXVIi
XXXVli
XXXVil
XXXVli-
XXXVil
XXXVIli
XXXVili-
XXXVill
XXXVlil
XXXVHi
.
maxis
XXXIX
XXxiy)
XxXxix
XXxi1x
XXX1X
xl
xl
Dd
ein t a
CONTENTS.
INJURIES DONE BY TRAWLERS OR OTHER FISHING BO
TO THE BOATS OR GEAR OF FISHERMEN.
Return of complaints Pnivestigated and. reported on -
Damaging lines = - - Li Re ek
Damage to nets by fishing boats and trawlers - -
Collisions - - - - - -
Damage sustained inside and outside the ferHlional waters
Results satisfactory - - - - - 6
Fishermen sustaining damage should make complaint to officers
Great importance of this matter to fishermen - - -
TERRITORIAL WATERS CLOSED AGAINST BEAM TRAWLING.
Bye-laws of Board closing certain waters against trawling satisfactory
to fishermen : - ei til Fe . - Sem ED dv Nara
Act passed closing all territorial waters one the coasts of Scotland a iA xiii AS
Two bye-laws made - - - “ - a ta ak tae
Reasons for one of them being made - ——- - Mh Ch ee a ee
Other bye-law made - é : z e ay
Reasons for passing it - - - - -
» Complaints against trawlers for fishing j in proscribed waters
Return of prosecutions against Ale th offenders =
Fishermen urged to get evidence - = Ch 2
.
| TLARBOURS.
Harbour constructed at Portknockie :
Broadford harbour 4 i
Progress of works - -
Balintore harbour - -
Provisional Order obtained
Cost of works - -
Tender accepted -
Ness harbour :
Provisional Order obtained
Estimated cost E
Coldingham harbour
Progress of works
Auchmithie harbour
Provisional Order obtained
Estimated cost ae
Operations commenced
Portnacon pier -
Works completed -
Peepeipeion thereof -
TELEGRAPHIC EXTENSION TO REMOTE FISHERY DISTRICTS. ae ‘y
Extension of telegraph to remote places completed ed
List of places above referred to a at eee
Great benefit of telegraphic extension as an aid to Approve: wi at
fisheries - J ¥ 4 st aE:
‘Ilustrations thereof -. - :
Np Nl Mitt rk Sa ili
Meee | em
‘ mic? » e" ' ane
OK CONTENTS. vil
We | Re PAGE
otk Stornoway District = - : nae ae : - : xlvi
% Island of Barra ~~ - - : - - - - xlvii
: Shetland Islands : - : : - : ee:
eS Orkney Islands : : - : - : ~. 3) vid \
‘ .. 2s Wick district. - - : pile ts - - - xiviii |
ara. Fort William district - - - - - - - xiviii 3
om Extensions to Arran - : : : . - - -xlviii
: ) Expenditure for telegraphic extension (int hele - - xlix
FE
BOATS AND VESSELS, AND PERSONS, EMPLOYED IN
- ~~
CONNECTION WITH THE SEA FISHERIES.
b Fishing boats employed in herring fishery in a selected week - xlix ved
: | Boats and vessels, fishermen, and other persons employed in 1888 of
q and 1889s = - - - - - - xlix
Be Capital employed in 1888 and 1889 - - - - - xlix |
1 Details of boats, vessels, &c., and capital employed - - - ] Cae
es Details of beam trawl vessels - SE - - - - - 1 es
ee Tonnage of shipping, and number of seamen engaged - - iy Me ade
ei | Totfasne of boats and vessels, and number of persons employed - ] :
¥ _ Abstract returns of tonnage, and persons employed - - - ] Ans
oS Number of boats and beam trawl vessels and resident fishermen in ae:
omc «Scotland © - Fa ape : u 7 : t l oS
= Tipe F
Be, ‘LOANS TO FISHERMEN TO PURCHASE BOATS AND GEAR 3 ‘ete
a ; Treasury to advance money to Board for loans to iSiiarue to buy |
¥ boats and gear - - : - - - li
Bt Secretary for Scotland, with consent of Treasury, to settle terms on _ ed es
i which loans are to be made - - : : i “ |
_____ Rules made accordingly : : 2 aa : -
sie Parishes to which Act applies - - es - .
s Applications received, applicants, and amount asked - | -
Bae Number and amount of loans granted and completed We RLS
‘ ‘ ae Particulars of loans since Crofters Act was passed — - * -
Details regarding loans by districts - - - - -
Bie: Findhorn district —- : ¢ 3 fe Fie ae
~\; Cromarty district —- - . : 4 : ‘
SS Helmsdale district — - : ns : i : .
cares Lybster district | - a s = B s
Wieck district si are itl), Sel 2 a :
ae Orkney district pe ali Paka - SNe hate -
Shetland district : M = : : : “
Bag Stornoway district - : : - E 7 =
_--- Stornoway section = - : 3 : 4 f
: Barra section - —- a as Fate aaah z ,
Loch Broom district - - - - ue 3 »
Hat ludeh Carron, distriet <0 3.22088 yl 4 3
Fort William district - Bye imi d= - a u
Yoke Campbeltown district -° ’ ’- ; Seat eres E ¥
Number and amount of loans completed, total repayments, and number
and amount of arrears : - - vee : Re
_Tnstalments tne and. paid - -/ autthei ds -
Vili CONTENTS.
PAGE Me
Observations thereon - - - - : “ -. lv
Proceedings taken against defaulters - A - fag = lv
PRODUCE AND VALUE OF THE SEA FISHERIES OF SCOTLAND
EXCLUSIVE OF SALMON.
Total of quantity and value of fish landed — - - - - lv
White fish landed - - - - - - - lv
Shell fish landed : - - . - - - lvi
Total value of sea fisheries - - - - - =e Ie Ya
Quantity of fish cured - - - : - - lvi
Visit of Secretary for Scotland to North-West Coast. - - - lvi
Representatives of Board on that occasion ~—- - - - lvi
APPENDICES.
PAGE
CONTENTS OF APPENDICES - - - - - - 1-4
APPENDIX A.—Herring Fishery - - - - 5-33
APPENDIX B.--Cod and Ling Fishery - - - 34-38
APPENDIX C.—Total quantity of fish landed - - - 39-46
APPENDIX D.—fishery Statistics - - 47-65
APPENDIX E.—Return of Complaints of Lifes’ done to Fishing
Boats, and of prosecutions against Trawlers - 66-82
APPENDIX F.—Harbour Works and Telegraphic Extension - 83-87
APPENDIX G.—Loans to Fishermen - : - - 88
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT.
TO THE MOST HONOURABLE
THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN, K.T.,
Her Majesty’s Secretary for Scotland.
FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND,
EDINBURGH, lst May 1890.
My Lorp MArQuIs,
We, the Members of the Fishery Board for Scotland,
have the honour to submit the Board’s Eighth Annual PERO R Ys
being for the year 1889. :
The subject matter of the Report has been arranged, as was
done last year, in three parts, under the following titles :—
Part I.—General Report.
Part II—Report on Salmon Fisheries.
Part II1.—Scientific Investigations.
We have the honour to be,
My Lorp MARQUuIS,
Your Lordship’s most obedient Servants,
THOMAS J. BOYD, Chairman. |
JOHN GUTHRIE SMITH, Deputy-Chairman.
GEO. H. M. THOMS.
ALEXR. FORBES IRVINE.
J. R. G. MAITLAND.
J. COSSAR EWART. ‘
‘ JAMES JOHNSTON.
WILLIAM BOYD.
~W. ANDERSON SMITH.
id
> i 8 = a
_alugaAMe ayo YM.
sigdeus Vi | tad aW
sigdse od thonort ait evel
0381 TOY & ai} 108 pitied
cay y 10, ipa ide oajdaa od. | :
ifwollor “oil 19) Aer 2dr: 4 oad Aae teat sirob,
ae JS ae
‘
hog istoped-—
nomlse ao droqod— 11,
em)
ettoidegtieaval siidasine—. (OR! U8 !
vel | 5 We.
ad ui e101 10%
ieee: ROA ie onouT
Ae Ren we aS HUQ: YOR
Bechiatits McHEe
CATION:
a VoatTLtt :
3
nora
HUN
PART L.—GENERAL REPORT.
THE SEA FISHERIES OF SCOTLAND.
GENERAL STATEMENT.
The herring ashing of 1889 commenced at Stornoway and Barra Commence-
~ on the 15th of May, and practically ended at both places about the ment of.
middle of July. Although the catch was considerably below that
of 1888, about’ £10,000 more was realised, owing to the higher
prices obtained. On the East Coast it began about ten days earlier
than usual,—at Wick on the 2nd of May, Shetland 15th June, and
Orkney 20th June. The date vf commencement at the other
- stations varied from the 1st to the 16th of July. The fishing was Closed first —
‘regularly prosecuted till the first week of September, when it b Septen i
practically ceased, although a few boats continued to fish two o
three weeks longer. The fleet employed at the East Coast stalious Nunihee of
including Orkney and Shetland, numbered 3993 boats, being an boats engaged
“increase over the preceding year of 236 boats, Of this fleet, 1234 Steater than
‘boats were engaged to curers at fixed rates of from 10s. to 16s. a Prices of
‘eran. The remainder sold their catches daily at the current prices, heninee
which ranged from 2s. to’ 30s. a cran, the average for the season
‘being about 13s; 9d. Last year 571 good seaworthy boats’ were Five-hundred.
“lefton the beach,—188 on the East Coast, and 383 on the West a seventy- - 2
ne boats
‘Goast:°* £14,463, 16s, was’ sanctioned during the year for loans to left ontheaakt aa
crofter fishermen to buy boats and gear. Few boats have been
9 baile otherwise as compared with previous years. |
“The inshore waters on the East Coast were not quite so pro- Produce of
bauetiven ‘as during the preceding three or four: years, excepting that inshore —
portion lying between the Pentland Firth and the Cromarty Firth. * ris
- Within these limits,—from two to six miles offshore—there was a
very abundant’ fishing during the early part of the season, a
“number of large takes of from "90. to 150'crans being landed. The General
general fishing ground lay from 2 to 40 miles offshore, the best fshing ground.
individual takes being got from 6 to 12 miles distant, these ranging
a “from 80 to 150 crans.
“The aggregate eatch upon thie: East Coast showed a edastdurable Haut, Goaab 28
“increase as Gompared with 1888, amounting to 311,2433 barrels catch much |
greater than
Aaagted and. 9724: jefans inthe! quantity consumetl fees 4it The ih in 1888.
increases were chiefly i in the following districts, viz., Fraserburgh
J29 37,520 barrels) Peterhead, 100,362 barrels: Wick, 37,567 barrels ;
and see arog 31, 091 barrels. Shetland again showed a creat
herring fishing.
vtat
ae
i
¥
SET SOR Toh GS te ro RGR UE TE
J : % ° oy m Ppp es
>
Lighth Annual Report of the
i falling off, amounting to 52,2154 barrels cured, nae 6700 crans
the Rahing is” ‘consumed fresh, under the previous year. After the end of June
s hetland. the fishing in this district was almost a complete failure, which
- was attributed by the fishermen to the presence on the coast,
ig shortly after the fishing commenced, of large shoals of dog-fish.
_ Rise and fall The rise and fall in the fishing of Shetland district during the last
4 rete a ten years has been most striking. In 1878 the number of barrels
| of herrings cured was 8458; in 1880, it was 48,552; in 1882,
134,187; in 1884, 300,117; reaching a climax in 1885, with
ie 370,238 barrels cured. After that year it has as rapidly declined,
Beet the number of barrels cured in 1886 amounting to 198,051, in
ie 1887 to 125,989, in 1888 to 99,221, and last year to 47,006,
| Decreaseon There was a decrease on the West Coast of 32,609 barrels cured,
ies)
‘| - West Coast,
compared with and an increase in the quantity consumed fresh of 3436 crans, as
4
ie he compared with 1888. Stornoway showed the large decrease of
et. totals for 50,283 barrels cured, and 1042 crans in the quantity used fresh.
fe both coasts. The totals for both coasts gave an increase of 278,634? barrels
ets cured, and 13,160 crans consumed fresh, over those for the preced-
{ a, ing year.
ie. Bealty of A striking feature of the fishing of 1889 was the large propor-
. Res. sail tion of small immature hertings in BRE catch, The ‘Full’ fish were
; ru of average quality, but the ‘ Maties’ were, as a rule, very inferior.
ee Beopber of There were 653 fish-curing establishments engaged in the herriag
aang ats industry upon the East Coast last season, being 41 more than in
é on East Coast. 1888.
| eabhe With the exception of Stornoway district, the West Come herri ing
ss West Coast. ‘fishing is generally carried on in the sea lochs , and narrow waters.
month of the year, but owing to the deficiency in Stornoway, the
gross catch showed a decrease as compared with the preceding year.
The superior quality of the herrings usually taken in the districts
i ‘tn ae asnet well maintained during the past year. The takes in the two former
_ tillyused fresh. districts were nearly all sent to the home markets for use fresh;
1A Rich flavour. where they are much esteemed for their rich flavour. _
& 3 So eriparad. of 4,349 crans as compared with 1888. During the last two years
with 1888. the shoals seemed to be very much scattered, and were not found
i in such abundance upon the same grounds as formerly. .
© Quantity of The gross quantity of herrings “branded during the year was
Bee mount of — brand iiae of 4d. a barrel realised £7588, 1s. 10d.,—an increase of
) rand fees. £1188, 8s. 4d. over the previous year.
Ps: Cared hersings The total quantity of herrings exported was 970,1753 barrels,
Seal Of these, 931,923 barrels were sent to Germany and vther places
on the Golitinenh: 32,653 barrels to Ireland; and 5599 barrels to
places out of Europe—the largest portion of sells went to America,
mostly repacked in small casks or kegs, and ahipped from Greenock,
oe Leith, and Aberdeen. ec tec tite
| Oe nin of The total catch of herrings in 1889, on both the East. and West
; a 4 a both Coasts, was 1,062,430 crans, for which the fishermen received
s. £716,445. Of this quantity, it is estimated 350,531 crans, valued
In one orother of the districts herrings. were landed during every —
of Inveraray, Campbeltown, and Loch Carron and Skye has been ©
D Decrease in The winter herring fishing yielded 75,407 crans, being a decrease
| & he rind 455, 2854 barrels, being an increase of 71,305 barrels over 1888. The >
ati aa ne Ned oe pia bis = . Vs ¥ r) t t nh’ 4 see tl ‘ ‘ a+.¥ ] L See baie
- i ‘ re @ ; »
ne
Fishery Bourd for Scotland. X1it
at £280,424, 16s, were consumed in Great Britain and Ireland, Quantity and
32,653 barrels being cured and exported to Ireland, and about Hitt -aige
20,000 barrels cured and disposed of in Great Britain, valued at the United
£31, 225, 9s., which gives the total value of herrings consumed in Kingdom.
the United ‘Kingdom as £011,650, 3s..:° 937,623 barrels of cured Quantity of
herrings were exported to foreign countries, The 350,531 crans pene y.
consumed in the United Kingdom were of the following deszription, pifrerent
viz., fresh, 187,196 crans ; kippers, 74,600 crans ; - bloaters and lightly kinds of
smoked reds, 8948 crans; preserved in tins, 16,923 crans; slightly Bermnss
salted and in bulk, 104,421 crans (a large proportion of which were
made into kippers and bloaters in other parts of the Kingdom) ; and
red herrings for use at home and abroad, 8443 crans. A consider- Increase in
able increase is observed yearly in the quantity of herrings kippered Soe
and preserved intins. The best fish were generally used for miking preserved in
into fresh kippers, &c., and realised about 16s. per crau, while the #™*:
best cured, which were valued at 13s. per barrel, besides the cost a
of cure, were sent to Ireland, where they are in demand, Most of Small herrings —__
the small herrings are sent to the Coatinent, being largely consumed Sent t? Com
in Poland, Russia, and Austria.
The Board have had under consideration the question of intro- New crown —
ducing new crown brands during the season of 1890, iu the hope brands under ©
that the standard quality of Senttish branded herrings may b3 raised. a
Of the total quantity of cod, ling, and hake landed last year, Returns of 'e
. 145,661 cwts. were cured dried, and 6920 barrels pickled, show- hake fetid ae
ing an increase, as compared with the previous year, of 8440 in 1889,as “a
ote dried, but a decrease of 132 barrels in the quantity pickled. 5 compared with, am
The quantity of dried cod exported was 108,698 cwts., being an a
increase of 20,598 cwts. over 1888. No pickled cod was exported
last year.
The total quantity of hits fish landed and used in a fresh state Total cranny: 4 .
amounted to 1,977,357 cwts., against 1,901,439 cwts. in 1888, of whitefish
? used.in a fresh _
showing an increase of 75,918 ewts. The returns of white fish state. .
continue to increase, those of last year being higher than any of ie
the preceding five years during which returns have been collected. 89
The greatest increase was in cod, herrings, eels, and lemon soles. ae
The total value of white fish landed and sold for consumption Ageregate
fresh was £744,351, being an increase over the previous year of ond ob hall He
£27,294. The total Cahiav oh shel flv danded was £63,201l—afsh
decrease of £8527 under 1888. Thus the total value of both
white fish used fresh and shell-tish was £807,552,—an aggregate =
increase of £18,767 over 1888. ‘ae
- When the weather permitted, the white fishing was regularly White Penn hag
dacnanndid throughout the year, generally with satisfactory results. syccesshuly a
Haddocks were taken in large quantities, from 14 to 6 miles off the — =
‘shore, during a period of about seven weeks, after which they began ie
to spawn. No large shoals seem to have entered the Firth of Forth. | i Be
The improvement in the quality of haddocks (referred to in the a
Report for 1888) was still more marked last year, particularly in = 8 8 =
those taken along the Berwick and Aberdeen coasts, the fish being
large, and of superior quality. The demand for fresh fish was ee a
fairly good throughout the year, although vee, were slightly lower
_ than in recent years.
rf ng Pe
? 7
ij, ibe —e) "Lie
, ow Ne “a3
Lift ryt? ve fat ‘ : 3 : } Orie... vad?
, ae’ Shy ad 7 1 b f + ae € Al
ei 4 *) ‘ ; Ae Bivins sey 2 ‘ d : ; f \ 1 ey rs a
4 Hy Pat ‘sd - ' ; » ,
: ‘ ay a Dl p4
5 yt. tee ah ‘ abt a eh
¥
uth soit Mee Ou gre i beatae Ree ee ee ORR iy RANE ge Te e ae
a PER NT Ge OND
Pade "7?
XIV Eighth Annual Report of the anes ; eg
During the great summer and autumn herring” fishery Sale
weather was generally mild and suitable for fishing, there being. no
violent gales, and very few interruptions on account of storms.
Throughout the remainder of the year the weather was generally
favourable. Notwithstanding this, however, 72 lives were. un-
fortunately lost in connection with the fisheries, being 13 more
than in the preceding year. Thirty-six boats were totally wrecked,
= and 218 sustained damage—the aggregate loss being estimated at
| Boats wrecked £7798. In addition, there was a logs of nets and. other fishing
and damaged; material amounting to £38,662. During the last six years, 556
Seventy-two
lives lost.
: Sahise gon fishermen were drowned, or lost their lives in connection with
’ the Scottish fisheries, 275 boats were totally wrecked, and 940
ee damaged, the total loss in boats and fishing ‘material being
ee estimated at £288,399.
ae); The number of fishermen and boys employed i in connection with
ee the Scottish sea fisheries of last year was 47,943. In addition,
__Personsem- 63,915 persons were employed during a portion of the year, chiefly
a ployed. in connection with the summer herring fishery. The number of
Boatsang boats and vessels engaged was 14,714, being 190 less than in the
‘a capitalins © previous year; and the capital invested i in boats and vessels, nets
Ba renved. and lines, was estimated at £1,603,307, being £40,173 less than in
ce that year.
is HERRING FISHERY,
it Curep FIsu. |
| Herrings cured The following is a statement of the total petal of “herrings
‘fast seven Cured in each of the last seven years:-—
. we years. :
3 Years. ek sie orired)
| EOOa.: Mi, 3 prear 1,269,4125 ~
ee. EBS ghee. Oe oe ae ‘0774
; oe P8656 Oe AEE
a 1886, : beh ne 1,312; 9931 ;
i. 1OG7. ts ne Hi 303, 4941
1888, : Pp get oh pg Een ig
: 1889, ; : 1,397, BUT
a v 1889 over
~ 1888.
pare
Increase in
Results of 1888
and S89 com- compared with those of 1888, in the herrings cured, branded, and
These returns show that the quantity of herrings’ cured 9 in 1889
was 278,634} barrels more than in the previous year, being ‘an
increase of 24-9 per cent., and an increase over’ the average of the
preceding six years of 1 34 per cent. There was an increase on
the East Coast in 1889, as against 1888, of 311 2437 barrels ; but
on the West Coast, a debbeube of 82,609 barrels ; ‘the net increase,
therefore, being 278 654? barrels, as stated above. i not S1eqen
The particulars of the results of the fishing of Abst year, swvitbi
exported and in the amount of brand fees’ received show an in-
crease in all the items, viz. :— 189% Jaoout ai asdd
Fishery Board for Scotland. Xv
1 - ; i
iw bogged Barrels Barrels Barrels. Brand Fees
| rr 4. Cured. Branded, Exported, Received.
Te8eo he eee Lirtee7ak |: dex ogee 774,193 6,399 13. 6
1s Pa ce Bie BY 455,285} 970,175 | £7,588 1 10
| Increase in 1889, .. | 278,634 | 71,805 195,9823 | £1,188 8 4
A comparison ‘of the results of 1889, with the average of the Comasaeisti of
the results of
pres eding ten years, shows a large increase in the quantity of 1889, with the: 4
herrings “cured and exported, but.a decrease in he eo Naty average ofthe =
branded, and i in the amount of brand tees received, viz. soi beam
vee fy Barrels Barrels Barrels Brand Fees » “id a
(1518 rat < } Cured. Branded. Exported, Received, m
Average of ten years, Me .
187981888, {| 1,298,3485 | 519,512 | 891,071, | £8,658 10 8
“Year 1889; "P'S OS PoR8Or 507 455,2854 | 970,175% | 7,588 1.10)
lia
‘Increase in 1889, . | 99,1584 hf 79,1043 is |
‘Decrease in 1889, at 64,2264 >| £1,070, 8/10
“SUMMARY OF HERRING FISHING.
CurED FIsH.
A East Coast. : era. 3
The returns of the herrings cured on the East Coast of Scotland Twelvedis- — -
for 1889 show a collective increase in twelve districts, as compared inlets OS Bd
with the quantity cured in 1888, of 383,462 barrels, and a collective five a decrease ; a
decrease ia five districts of 72, 218} barrels, resulting in a net in- Net increase ;
crease of 311,2433 barrels in 1889, over 1888. The districts which *% 1880 01 Oe ad a .
mainly contributed to the increase were, Fraserburgh, Peterhead, ; ee ‘
Wick, Aberdeen, Buckie, Montrose, and Eyemouth. Those which | o..
exhibit the largest decreases were Shetland, Stonehaven, and Helms- As
ale. “li
# “The. returns of herrings cured on the whole of the East Ooast of East Coast
Scotland in the fifty years preceding last year, on the average of fshing of ie
preceding ay ied
each period of ten years, show a continuous large increase, with years: :
the exception of the period 1859-68. .
The particulars are as follow :— 1899 % Da TK . bie’
. : Yearly Average of Yearly av mo
Fenioge of ten. yee Gives ergs ee barrels “ha |
4... 1839 to 1848 inclusive, 460,4963 sure Sn |
fe. $1849, 1858 yy 521,2062 Mears of ten
as 1859 io IER ps OS Rt. 497,000% | ° °
en} basi 1869: "2, 1878 wy. 691, 618
| me te 1879: yp ROOO oy 1,063,796 |
Barrels aed: in 1889, 1 183,857,
OS eae A et OAC! TAISEN VN ge Coe a
# J )
ory
\
4 ae «3 4 ih ; - ¥
4 -
:
age fs 4 2 pee ye 40h a | Bighth Annual Report of the — Sie
if “ Shs .
ft ~ Increase in The quantity of herrings cured in 1889, when eomiparell with
at . lide? 1888, shows an increase of 35°66 per cent.; when compared with
1888, and over
© © preceding fifty the average of the preceding ten years, aun increase of 11:28 per
eeatag cent. ; of twenty-five years, 48°41 per cent.; and of fifty years, 83:02
per cent.
ern
ae
II. Wust CoAST.
Total decrease The returns of the herring fishing on the West Coast of Scotland
Sheree show that the total quantity of herrings cured in 1889 was 213,650
| barrels, as compared with 246,259 barrels in the previous year,
Three districts being a decrease of 32,609 barrels, The three districts of Inveraray,
peda yas Loch Carron and Skye, and Loch Broom show a collective increase
adecrease. of 23,592 barrels over the preceding year, of which Inveraray
i contributed nearly one half. On the other hand, the districts of
mee ‘Stornoway, Campbeltown, Ballantrae, Rothesay, and Fort-William
i exhibit a collective decrease of 56,201 barrels, the largest falling
|
i off, amounting to 50,283 barrels, being in Stornoway. Herrings
ee have not been cured in Greenock district during the last four years,
| General view the whole of those landed having been used in a fresh state. Last
aga Bene. year shoals were found in oreatest abundance on the West Coast,
Re; in the districts of Loch Carron and Skye, Inveraray, and Campbel-
aS town. Loch Fyne and Kilbrannan Sound, as in-the previous year,
be. yielded large catches of excellent- herrings. An abundant fishing
an
was also got in Lochindail, Lochghriunard in Islay, Loch Hourn,
a and the Sound of Sleat.
ft | ected The returns of herrings cured on the whole of the West Coast of
\ Bae Setecoding fifty Scotland in the fifty years preceding last’ year,/on the average of
ee. eete, each period of ten years, exhibit, with the exception of the period
Bit from 1869 to 1878, a continuous large increase. The catch for
es 1889, however, is 8°9 per cent. below. the average for the last de-
ae cade:
ae The following statement shows the particulars : on sand i
si;
| Yearly average Periods of Ten Years. Yearly Average of
SREREY ecived in 1839 to 1848 inclusive, 72,0142
__ periods of ten 1849 ,, 1858 » 92,6155
> years. ; 1859 ,, 1868 Shia: 147,949
ae 1869 1878, 142,591
1879. ,, 1888 lou) 934,5513-
Barrels cured in 1889, 213,650.
Decrease in The quantity of herrings cured in 1889, when Sere with
_-:1889 under _—_—- 1888, shows a decrease of 13°24 per cent.; “when compared witli the
1888, but P 3
inerease over average of the preceding ten years, it shows a decrease of 8°91 per
i Hi yar cent.; but on twenty-five years, an increase li 14:06 per cent: ; and
pia of fifty years, 54°88 Der cent. ey
Ill. Boru Coasts.
| Berri a jit | oh:
ie Gnieadh Fishery The following tabular statement gives the total quantities of all
eee, the herrings cured in 1888 and 1889, in each of the twenty-six
"1889, and districts embracing the whole coasts of Scotland, one shows the
__ respective respective increases or decreases 1 in oor —
ee increases or
i. panoreases.
i . ¢ 4 - z I : Waa Ale «
AL ly N Lee a hy af 7 ve5
i} ’ cw ‘ a me - we peat pr 4 Wh a ee
; - Bee 2 ‘ 4 gi'g ip ’ a A y , Nae Ly
é a » \ ; \ 1
2S igag Yap arr * x 7 ; x ach me
rN ¥ / my
a
iu my"
Be
a :
Ra os | Fishery Board for Scotland, xvii i
pei, | | Year 1888,) Year 1889,) ty crease | Decrease
The Twenty-Six Fishery Districts. | Barrels Barrels |- + 1889 “1889
Cured. Cured. a Shee 1 }
|
‘Eyemouth, . : ; : 44,573 56,305 11,782 bi ae Se
CH enn Seep ae 5, 316 HOG 2,818 Riya
Anstruther, . : . : 9,942 9,261 wag 681 ae a
Montrose, R ‘ ’ ; 34,670 50,580 15,910 Ane . ie es
Stonehaven, . , ‘ : 22,624 13,410 Se 9,214 a
Aberdeen, * ‘ : ; 101,877 132,968 31,091 bie 1
Peterhead, . . °. .. | 128,571. | 228,933 | 100,362 iE ae
Fraserburgh, . . f emnee 170,600 308,121 187,521 Sty | oi
Banff, 3 4 . ‘ ; 24,426 33,612 9,186 a ;
Buckie, . . : ; . 31,040 47,922 16,882 wet ow
1 Er ne or et eo 22,592 | 30,205 7,613 ;
Cromarty, ‘ : ; . 3,187 4,949 1,762 sis
Piohnanle es eh 30,248". |: 92 058 Rs 7,290
Lvibtehite- Hand 7,428 | 13,939 6,511 ‘i
Wick, . : : : . 113,706 | 151,278 37,567
_ Orkney Isles, . p 4 ; 22,592 29,917 7,325 baa
Shetland Isles, , : ; 99,2214 | 47,006 ey" 52,2154 ‘ee
Stornoway, y , ; : 131,803 81,520 RS 50,2838 Fe
Loch Broom, . ; : 1,413 5,321 3,908 ie Oy
Loch Carron and Skye, i ; 30,757 40,427 9,670 ‘ce to
Fort-William, . 5 ; , 986 969 re 17 ya
Campbeltown,. . «. - | 49,232 | 45,883 3,349 re
Inveraray, : ¥ - : 21,134 31,148 10,014 et 71 Gea
Rothesay, 2 : r . | 1,288 594 at 644 4
Greenock, S are 3 ; del ie ay si Hi
Ballantrae, ; é : 9,696 7,788 a) 1,908 Pon.
: i, Buh!
Totals, . . . . {1,118,8724 [1,897,507 | 407,054 | 128,419} | Totalsof
4 increases or et
decreases. B,
These statistics show that the total quantity of herrings cured in Netincrease
1889, on both the East and West Coasts, was ereater than in 1888 88, RISE ea
by 278, 6342 barrels; and the returns for’ the fifty years preceding sroute ata Ui f i
last year, on the average of each period of ten years, show a con- preceding cei: “a
. tinuous large increase. The following statement gives the parti-"°™ a
- culars of this increase :— ea
sf a fs
. ; t : ae R
Avetbee Number | 4; rage Number | in Avorage | goo ae
Pa ays j 8 ® ’
~ Period of Ten Years. an of Barrels Cured | Number of Barrels vets rerage a RS
Period. Yearly in each | Cured Yearly in | periods of ten’ es
- Period...» +; each Period. years. DERE!
“s 1889 to 1848 inclusive, 532,512} ern sd Peco (es a
NM 1849;,, 1858>.2 4, 612,9224 80,4104 15:06 . : i
% WABB9 45 1868 4.55,.-: 644,9493 32,0274 529 pal a a
nt 1869 ” 1878 ih 834, 2092 189,260 | 29°34 “a yd og ‘
1879 ,, 1888 ek “1,298,3484 464,1382 55°63 his: ue
Pe rae ay)
aay pe Barrels Cured in 1889, ‘ 1,397,507 : a
A general view may be formed of the immense importance and Valueof = 7
rd Gauitia of the herring fishery to not only those engaged in this ering fiery
MS os o people of
Bees! industry but to the people generally, from an examination of the ‘Bootlands . ae
Bis) above statement. The total quantity of herrings cured in 1889, =
ie eares when compared with the average of the * preceding ten Mee shows | a a
xviii Eighth Annual Report of the
aq Yj Se
he Increase per an increase of 7°63 per cent. ; when compared with the average of —
ae Bas oie the preceding twenty-five years, an increase of 41°88 per cent.; and
average of pre- Of the preceding fifty years, 78°11 per cent. The great yield of
Be ceding an this fishery appears even more remarkable than is shown by these:
and fifty years. Teturns, when the fact is borne in mind that, in the year 1809,
Great develop- when the returns were first compiled by the former Fishery Board,
ee (ae the whole number of barrels cured was only 90,1853; while the
Big 1809. number cured last year, as shown above, was 1 397, 507.
Details regard- No. 1. Appendix A, gives some details taken from the reports of
oh aig the inspectors and district officers regarding the herring fishery of
1889 in each of the twenty-six districts into which the coasts of
Scotland are divided for fishery purposes. |
HERRINGS CURED ON BOARD OF VESSELS AND ON
SHORE, |
Herringscured No, II. Appendix A, shows the number of vessels fitted ade in.
a of Scotland last year for the herring fishery; the districts from which
| they were fitted out; their tonnage, and the number of men; the
quantity of netting, salt, and empty barrels shipped ; and the total
number of barrels of white herrings cured on board ; distinguishing
those cured gutted from those cured ungutted. !
This branch This branch of the herring fishing industry has been carried on
aotieke chiefly among the sea lochs on the West Coast of Scotland, but for
a number of years past it has been gradually declining. During
recent years, however, strenuous efforts have been made to revive
it on the East Coast, but, so far, it has ‘proved unremunerative, —
partly owing to the herring shoals being found in greatest abund-
ance upon the inshore grounds. Only one vessel was fitted out
ie on the East Coast for this industry in 1889, and 58 on the West
— * + Coast. They made 66 voyages in all, and cured on board 29,558
eee | barrels of herrings. Fifty-four vessels cured 16,568 barrels in
1888. The number of vessels some years ago varied from 90 to
rk. upwards of 300.
- _- Total quantity No, III. Appendix A, shows the total number of hassle of
5 ot herrings 1, White herrings cured or salted in Scotland last year, both on board
andonshore. of vessels and on shore, and the districts in which they were
oe taken and cured, distinguishing the herrings cured gutted from
those cured ungutted ; and also the quantities of herrings cared!
| as kippers, bloaters, or red herrings, or preserved in tins. —
4 ee eanca The curing of herrings as kippers, bloaters, or red herrings, or
he Bi See neq Preserved in tins, having now become an important and increasing
© © herrings, or branch. of business 3 in connection with the herring fishery of Scot-
a Be preservedin Jand, the herrings treated in this way are ‘distinguished in the
oes" appendix: above referred to from those cured in the ordinary manner.
he ey Last year, 74,600 crans were kippered, 8948 crans were cured as
e a bloaters or red herrings, and 16,923 crans were preserved in tins. |
| Further par- The kippering of herrings was most extensively carried on inthe —
-— tioulars there- districts of Stornoway, Eyemouth, Aberdeen, Peterhead, Wick, and
Fraserburgh. Of bloaters the largest quantity was prepared i in the
districts of Aberdeen and Anstruther, and the business of preserving
herrings in tins was prosecuted chiefly i in the districts of Aberdeen,
_ Fraserburgh, and Peterhead. |
eal -— . eu. } 4h ‘el , 9 Fl get. . ¢
eee oh RDS er
” ASIP? 7 \ 7 og Tee ‘
» “vy / ‘oe
. i yi ‘
id . ;
: 4 iy
we...
¥. i? 3
-
Fishery Board for Scotland. xix
BRANDING OF HERRINGS.
~ During the season of 1889, 475,566 barrels of herrings were pre- Quantity of
sented to the Board’s officers for the various official brands, and, perrinss
after examination, 455,2853 barrels were branded, and 20,3504
barrels rejected as not being entitled to the brand. In 1888, out
of 390,2394 barrels presented, 383,9804 barrels were branded, and
only 6259 barrels rejected. These figures show an increase in the
branding of 1889, over the preceding year, of 71,305 barrels.
Of the number of barrels branded, 144,911 were branded ‘ Full,
221;'759 ‘Maties, 63,440 ‘Spent,’ and 25,1753 ‘P,. or ‘Mixed’
brand. The amount of fees received by the Board on account of
this service was £7588, 1s. 10d.
The herrings taken during 1889, were, on the whole, exceptionally Quality of
poor in quality, especially the ‘ Maties,’ the catch of which was un- 2™™"s*
usually large, The ‘Full’ herrings, although fewer than in the.
previous year, were fully up to the average in quality. A con-
siderable proportion of the ‘Maties’ were so immature that it was,
impossible to cure them up to the standard required for the brand.
Were it not. for this cireumstance a much larger number of barrels
would have received the brand.
_ It is almost unnecessary again to mention that the Board deem Heese of
the. branding of herrings one of the most important branches of the portant branch
service, and that the herrings presented for the Government brands of service. é:
should, in every respect, conform to the requirements of the Fishery
Acts and the regulations of the Board. It was stated in the Board’s ‘i
last Report that it appeared, much to their surprise, that from the Reportsthere =
recent reports of Her Majesty’s Diplomatic and Consular officers Dinara n
abroad, grave allegations had been made on the Continent as to the and Consular
trustworthiness of the Government brand; and that, in view of these “cers abroad.
reports, the Board bad been inquiring into the whole matter with
the object of, as far as possible, restoring the prestige of the Scottish
cured herrings in the Continental markets. During the course of
that. enquiry, several complaints were received from the Continent
LY Pee Be bd
sent,there, and a quantity of these herrings having been returned
to this country for the purpose of being examined, an examination
of them was earefully made by Mr James Johnston,a member of
the. Board, and their general and assistant inspectors. In the Dera
_ circumstances of the case, the Board appointed a deputation con- Naisteaie
sisting’ of Mr James Jobnston and Mr William Anderson Smith, visit Con-
_ two of their number, to be accompanied by one of the fishery "™°*
officers; to visit: certain places on the Continent to enquire into the
complaints against branded herrings, and also to make enquiry .
onthe subject;-generally, with a view of enabling the Board to |
deal, with certain proposals which had been made for altering the
classification of cured herrings for the government brand, and of
raising its character. The deputation presented to the Board a
full ‘report on the whole matter, with a number of recommenda- |
oat at otemane been receiving their most careful consideration
“wi F the inténtion of taking such steps as will attain the desired
ry eth th - oe a bows, 4 +
Obtect 2) Ohe
Ct.
J .
ayes ea a ie } ORR Vans Se ee ia" Gp aR DOs a iia TORY aegis aS Bregeh
XX Eighth Annual Report of the —
Particulars of | No. [V. Appendix A, shows the total number of barrels of white
dads herrings which were branded in Scotland last year, and of the
brandings i in each district. This Appendix also shows the respective
numbers of barrels which were branded ‘ Full,’ ‘ Maties, ‘ Spent,
and ‘ P,’ or ‘ Mixed,’ and the amount of brand fees collected.
Comparison of | It will be seen from that Table that in the year 1889, as com-
mae pared with 1888, there was a decrease of 42,235 barrels in the
quantity of herrings branded ‘Full,’ although the number of
barrels cured was much greater than in the latter year, which shows
that the herrings of last year were of an inferior quality. The —
quantity branded ‘Maties’ shows the very large increase of
133,733 barrels, the quantity branded ‘ Spent, a decrease of 22,850
barrels, and the quantity branded ‘P, or ‘ Mixed, an increase of
26574 barrels,
HERRINGS EXPORTED.
Quantity of + The total quantity of cured herrings exported from Scotland in
exported. 1889 amounted to 970,1752 barrels, against 774,193 barrels in
1888, being an increase of 195,9824 barrels.
Places to It will be seen from the Anoaiied Table that Germany and aehies
wyeea. Places on the Continent imported 196,693} barrels more than in
the previous year, and that the demand from Ireland was less by
13853 barrels. Places out of Europe took 675 barrels more than
in 1888, a great proportion of which went to America, chiefly in
barrels, half-barrels, quarter-barrels, eighth-barrels, and sixteenth-
barrels. A number of the barrels and half-barrels were branded
‘Orown Full. All the smaller sizes, however, consisted of repacked
herrings, and amounted to about one half of the total export to
America. The chief ports from which these herrings were shipped
were, Greenock, Leith, and Aberdeen. Besides these, which form
only a small portion of the: Scottish herrings that enter the
American market, a large quantity which had been exported to
Hamburg were repacked there into smail kegs, and.reshipped to
America. Stettin, being the principal herring market of Germany,
took the largest portion “of the quantity exported to that | sas ia
amounting to 319,170# barrels.
Exports in The following table ahiws the number of barrels of cured ee
1888 and 1889 exported from Scotland in the years 1888 and 1889 :— ;
compared.
To Places |Total Number}
: Years. To Ireland, C Oe Europe bess Atacinoe |
1898 ii. uinoecod Ioana beey 735,230, | 4,924 : 774,193»
1889,7),- ovlein td cate $89 058 931, 9233 5,599 970,1753.
Increase in 1889, . . . 196,698 | 675 ~-195,9823
Decrease in 1889, . ‘ 1,3854
Particulars of | No, V. Appendix A, shows the total number of barrels of white
Scie herrings exported from Jonson last year; and the districts frome
- exported,
the West Coast. The districts which show the largest returns Districts
sate. lightly salted, or made into kippers or bloaters.
pounds, and for the, second or any subsequent offence twenty
Me Urey
Fishery Board for Scotland. 0
which they were exported ; distinguishing the export to Ireland,
to the Continent, and to places out of urope; and distinguishing
also herrings crown branded from herrings unbranded, and giving
the quantity of herrings repacked. To this Table is appended a
supplementary note, showing the ports or places to which the
herrings exported to the Continent were shipped, and the total
uantity exported to the Continent.
No. VI. Appeadix A, gives an abstract of the total quantity of Herrings
Wage . cured,
white herrings cured, branded: and exported, year by year, 2 so branded a
far as br ought under the cognizance of the fishery officers from 1s b exported, 1875 |
January 1875 to 3lst December 1889; distinguishing the export * 155
to Ireland, to the Continent, and to places out of Europe.
WINTER HERRING FISHERY.
‘The Scottish winter herring fishing of 1889 was not so successful as Winter
i the preceding three years. The total quantity landed amounted rege i
0. 75, 407 crans, against 19, 756 crans in 1888, and 162, 900 crans successful as
in 1887. Of last. year’s catch, 51,614 crans were landed at eleven @ preceding
districts on the East Coast, and 23,793 crans at six districts on HOS ee
are, Anstruther, Wick, Leith, and Peterhead on the ‘East Coast ; Motel
and Ballantrae, Campbeltown, and Stornoway on the West Coast. :
Fluctuations are usually of more frequent occurrence in the winter Fluctuations
than in the summer herring fishing. This, in a great measure, can i the fishing. —
be, attributed during the winter of 1889 to the stormy state of the
weather, which has an important bearing upon all the sea fisheries,
and ‘especially upon the herring fishery. The winter herrings of Quality gl
1889. were generally larger than those of former years—from 700 prices of
to '780, on an average, filling the cran. They had a remarkably ~~
bright colour, but, as usual, they were not so rich in flavour as
the summer herrings. Prices ranged from 3s. to 30s. per cran,
be
the average being about 12s. Comparatively few of the herrings How disposed < he
landed. in ” the winter of 1889 were cured for exportation, nearly °"
the whole of them being used in this country either in a fresh
| Daviau AND SUNDAY FISHING PROHIBITED on West Coast.
r _ By the fifth section of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act, 1889, Regulations ¢ as i
it is enacted that it shall not be lawful to set or shoot any herring 10 ee ane
net on any day between sunrise and one hour before sunset on any on West Oot
day between the first day of June and the first day of October,
nor between sunrise on Saturday morning and one hour before
sunset. on Monday evening, on the West Coasts of Scotland between
the Points of Ardnamurchan on the north and the Mull of Galloway
on the south.
It is further enacted that any person contravening the above sec- paar:
tion shall be liable, on conviction under the Summary Jurisdiction
(Scotland) Acts, to a fine not exceeding for the first offence five
pounds; and that every. net set, or attempted to be set, in contraven-
tion ie this section shall be forfeited, and may be seized and destroyed |
CRN i Se eee, ne iN ald
XXli Eighth Annual Report of the
or otherwise disposed of by any superintendent of the herring
fishery or other officer employed in the execution “of. the He erring
Fishery (Scotland) Acts.
190 0818
ILLEGAL-SizeD Hurrinc BarRRELs. ..,.\,.,,
Largenumber The Board regret to state that, notwithstanding the Aevaval
Fue imaris warnings issued against the use of barrels, ‘with a less capacity than
made. the legal standard of 262 imperial gallons, for packing cured white
herrings, they had reason to believe that a large number of such
barrels had been made and were intended to be used during last
year’s summer herring fishery.
Seizure of In these circumstances the Board were under the necessity” of
ps epg issuing instructions to their officers to seize all undersized barrels
which might be found filled with cured white herrings, and seizures
were accordingly made at Leith, Stornoway, Castle Bay, and Shet-
Theircon- land. ‘These seizures were prosecuted i in terms of the Statute, and
demnation an¢ in every case the barrels and herrings were condemned and forfeited,
of Crown. and thereafter sold for behoof of the Crown, In one of the cases an
appeal was made to a higher Court from the decision of the sheriff’;
but his judgment was confirmed.
_ Good Results. | The proceedings of the Board have had a very salutory effect in
checking the use of undersized barrels. The fishery officers re-
port that all barrels now being made are of the legal size, and that
in numerous instances where small barrels were in store” they have
been enlarged to the capacity required by the Act. - ,
Expression of | The Board were desirous of getting an expression of opinion ‘from
Stor grom the Scottish fish-curing trade on the question of barrels and half-
- fisheurers _—s barrels for the packing, shipping, or exporting of cured white
Sag ncandie, herrings, with the view of ascertaining what changes, if any, should
barrels. be made in the existing law. With that object: they prepared a
list of queries (see Appendix A. No. VII.) which were sent to the
trade geuerally, asking that they would be govd enongh to make
replies thereto, and thereafter return the list to the Board. These
queries were forwarded to 859 persons and firms, of whom 592 ‘sent
replies.
Board con- The Board gave very full consideration — to the expression’ “of
_ cluded that opinion thus elicited, and they came to the conclusion that, in
half-barrels order to secure to the public a guarantee that the barrels and hallt-
Pack be barrels were of the statutory size, it should be enacted that cured
them before white herrings should only be packed in barrels or halt. -barrels |
being used. which bore an official stamp of the Board, certifying that: they
were of the legal capacity; and that the Board should’ charge
a fee of one halfpenny each for every barrel or half-barrél for this
service—such payment to be afterwards deducted from the brand fee.
This conclusion was communicated to your Lordship, and the
Board trust that it will receive such consideration as 5 the impor-
tance of the subject merits.
. ooo
FA OF wh
Hs ru
any ne
ig HO
HoopinG OF HERRING BARRELS.
3090)
New regula- Four years have now elapsed since an aftbedtibe? Wass apatedin
—_ flons made a8 ‘the regulations for hooping white herring barrels, ‘at the request of
- to hooping of
herring barrels,
é aha ey
a
¢ Sa ’ f ‘ 7 { Ry A at? oY Age
gee ar oe J J oo “ ‘ - Mora '
My Bo Tae > Oe 4 ‘ 4 a) j . ¥' ~ vane ; 2
aT ok et ara ee ‘ eo A <2 > ah £72 peel Ps BA Bi a te) Sa AO ee .
hoops, as it is being adopted to a greater extent each year.
_ eseeured by: nails, all. of suitable size and strength, which shall, for
eonyenience. in use, have two rope manileR, and abou also be crown
* weiss ee Pines yh a ee ae Te Whine
Ae ml ve i? ’ - ts c
Fishery Board for Scotland. | XxXiil
a number of fishcurers at some of the principal stations in Scotland,
under statutory , powers subsequently acquired by the Board. |
Previously, it was only lawful to hoop such barrels with wooden _ |
hoops; but under the new regulations either wooden or iron hoops 7
may be used. The reasons for the change were fully given in a Reasons for
previous Report; but it may be here repeated that there was often eHenge
a difficulty in procuring, at a, moderate price, a sufficient quantity
of wooden hoops to meet the requirements of the trade; while an Mi
unlimited supply of iron hoops could be obtained at any time; ge
and also that iron hooped barrels could be made stronger and
more easily tightened than those hooped with wood. i:
_ The new. regulations have given general satisfaction. During Reaclta winters ‘oa
the past year, 848,984 white herring barrels were made in Scotland, igbtory. pa
and of these 543 037 barrels, or 63:9 per cent., were hooped more or — ‘ q
less with iron. hoops ; 305,947 barrels with wooden hoops; and eet.
1000. with iron hoops entirely. The method most approved of | c
seems to be hooping partly with iron and partly with wooden on
STANDARD MEASURES FOR FRESH HERRINGS. i)
As stated in a former report, representations have been frequently Fishermen =
‘made to the Board, by large numbers of fishermen at different parts desire thata
rage the. coasts, that the wate: adopted for the measurement of fresh Meawitie het ee
herrings, as between buyer and seller, was of a very unsatisfactory legalised. >
character, and they asked that the Board would take steps to put oa
matters on a better footing, and especially that they would frame a 3 |
regulation for making quarter-cran measures of basket work, and a
- Jegalise their use. F echarmen and also numerous fishcurers com- Reasons there- ee
plained that, in the delivery of herrings, baskets were frequently *™ oe
used for measuring them, which, while ‘being represented as of the ae}
capacity of a quarter cran, were of larger size; and that there was, . “ae
therefore, a great lack of uniformity i in this respect. a
Powers have been conferred upon the Board by the Herring Board autho
Fishery (Scotland) Act, 1889, and under that Act they are authorized “sed to make
gulations for
to make regulations for the construction and branding of a quarter- constructing
“cran measure which may be used for buying, selling, delivering, or "4 brandste (aaa
receiving ‘fresh herring in the Scottish Herring Fishery, being a thdabakes 7) ee
measure of such capacity that four times its content, when filled oS
with herrings, shall be equal to one eran. ye aa
Acting under these powers, the Board have made and established Regulations eae
regulations for the construction and branding of such a measure ™@* ~ |
which shall take one of the two following forms :— | a
TI. Basker Measure.—aA basket of a circular form, well bound, Quarter-cran re
and composed of willows, pieces of hoopwood, hardwood, and cane, measure, en
all of fresh. quality, and of suitable size and strength, which shall, Ee
for convenience in use, have two cane handles, and shall have a
crown brand on each side. i
tf. Box. MEASURE.— An oblong wage constructed of properly Quarter-cran
seasoned fir or other suitable. wood, well bound with iron hoops box measure. —
—
mL
BOL vas
branded)... nwo}
7
_ Regulations
"printed and
Da
circulated.
Cran and
quarter-cran
only legal
measures for
herrings.
These
measures Low
. sale or delivery
_ of fresh
in general use,
and giving
satisfaction.
Cod, ling, and
“hake fishery
te Saacesafully
prosecuted.
Quantity of
fish cured in
- each of the
last six years
XXiV Eighth Annual Report of the
The regulations have been printed and circulated for the. eee
mation of the fishing trade. A copy of them forms Appendix A,
No. VIII. to this Report and they may be had on application to any
of the Board’s fishery officers.. A basket and a box measure made
and crown branded according thereto may be seen at the assistant
inspector’s office in Leith, or at any of the district fishery offices of
the Board, and measures may be presented for the purpose of being
crown branded at such time and place as may be arranged by the
fishery officer of the district.
The measure known as the cran may also be used for buying
selling, delivering, or receiving fresh herrings; but any person using
any measure other than this, or the basket or box measure aforesaid,
shall be liable, on conviction under the Summary Jurisdiction
(Scotland) Acts, to a fine not exceeding five pounds for the first
offence, and not exceeding twenty pounds for the second or any
subsequent offence ; and also to the forfeiture of the measure or
measures, which may be seized and destroyed or otherwise disposed
of by any superintendent of the herring fishery or other officer
employed in the execution of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Acts ;
provided always that nothing shall prevent the sale of herrings by
weight or number or in bulk.
The basket and box quarter cran measures, made and branded
under the regulations, are now in general use along the coasts of
Scotland; and the Board are much gratified to learn that they have
given creat satisfaction to the fishermen and to a majority of fish-
curers, and remedied a very great grievance.
COD, LING, AND HAKE FISHERY.
CURED FISH.
The cod, ling, and hake fishery of Scotland was prosecuted during —
the past year with better success than in the preceding eight years.
Of the gross catch, the districts of Shetland, Orkney, Stornoway,
and Anstruther show the largest quantities cured. .
The following is a statement of the total quantity of cod, ling, if
and hake cured in each of the last six years :— “i
P aske Cured Dried. Cured in Pickle. —
‘ Cwts, Cwts.
1884.9 ie haces BAC BOS i eee ee
IBSS. tye cae A Ob bd PR ORR C5 4.)
fy LOROy 8) tae eer ee OTS SOMBER IESG
TSB7S LP ME ele’ See BBE ot a ehie dogs, Sey pany
1SB8S,! 0. LiGso Hala BAV16 do hil cra OR
1889, . ‘ ¢ 145,661 : . rts 6,920
The particulars of the results of the fishing of last year, when’
compared with those of 1888, in the cod, ling, and hake cured ;
dried. and in pickle, and exported, are as follows :— ‘tam
¥ a, f it icity ekg ea aan
F d : y " sen ne reek ee 2AM et
Md re he ee ~ ke aul phat - mM ia x = 54 ey) ena aire Lope ee i ay A he 7, aN AA At Olas a ecg haa
Ava " ; Oe Te Pees Oe eS , i ‘ 5 P 7 OTe
b ‘.. ¥ a : «
’ « 7 ‘ } ie
; 7 . : wr ae 4
Fishery Board for Scotland. XXV
° ne). | Cod, ling, and
Total Quantity Total Quantity Cured Dried, and hake cured
Cured. in Pickle, Exported, and exported
pepe EN SAT as f ReE £21 in 1888 and
Lars 1889.
Years, To Ireland. Noid aac To Places} Total
Dried In out of Quantity
ee. | Pickle, |__| | Europe.
Ex-
Dried. ported.
Dried, | Pickled.| Dried. | Pickled.
SS | +
Cwts. | Barrels.| Cwts. | Barrels.| Cwts. | Barrels.| Cwts, Cwts. ,
1888, . : . | 187,216 | 7,052 51,082 224 29,156 vr 7,862 88,660
1889, . . . | 145,661 | 6,920 | 65,023 “ 32,685 ste 10,990 108,698
Increase in 1889, f 8,445 13,941 3,529 ane 8,128 20,038
Decrease in 1889, ied 132 atl 224 Fh "F ap my
The above returns show a considerable increase against 1888 in Increase in
the quantity of these fish cured dried, as well as in the quantity 1889 over 1888,
exported to Ireland, the Continent, and places out of Europe. ,
There is, however, a small decrease in the quantity pickled. The
demand from the Spanish markets exhibited some improvement as nC
compared with 1888. The exports to that country in dried fish (We
have recently been greatly restricted owing to the differential
duties charged there. ‘
No. I. Appendix B, gives some details taken from the reports of Details repaid
the inspectors and district officers, regarding the cod, ling, and win tna om
hake fishery of 1889. fishery, 9.
No. II. Appendix B, shows the number of vessels fitted out in Cod, ling, and
Scotland last year for the cod and ling fishery ; the districts from hake cured ae
which they were fitted out; the tonnage of the vessels; and the vessels, 9
number of men; also the quantity of cod, ling, and hake cured on ee
board ; distinguishing whether cured dried or cured in pickle. Ay
No. ILL. Appendix B, shows the total quantity of cod, ling, and Cod, ling, and
hake taken at the cod and ling fishery in Scotland last year by Pps
boats and vessels, and cured on ‘shore, distinguishing the fish cured im
dried and the fish cured in pickle; and distinguishing also the
districts in which they were cured. a
No. 1V. Appendix B, shows the total quantity of cod, ling, Total of cod, . is
and hake taken, both by vessels and boats, at the cod and ling ling, And eis ae ie
aN
fishery in Scotland, and cured last year ; and the districts in which and on shore.
they were cured ; distinguishing the fish cured dried and the fish
a
yy Ag
cured i in pickle. OR a
No. V. Appendix B, shows the total quantity of cod, ling, Cod, ling =
and hake exported from Scotland last year; and the districts from ca ~
which they were exported ; distinguishing the export to Ireland, to
the Continent, and to places out of Europe; and also whether cured : |
dried or cured in pickle. am
‘7
No. VI. Appendix B, gives an abstract of ‘the total quantity of Cod, ling, an
cod, ling, and hake cured and exported, in so far as brought under 2 a Be:
the cognizance of the fishery officers, from 1st January 1875 to 31st 1875 to 1889, a
December 1889.
TOTAL QUANTITY OF FISH LANDED.
ee Appendix OC, No. I., will be found a statement of the total Quantity and
quantity and value of the different kinds of white and shell-fish oy ‘Al
Cc ended)
White and
shell-fish
landed in the
last two years.
Quantity and
’ value of fish
_ landed by
beam trawlers.
Returns col-
lected by
Board’s
officers.
_ Published
~ monthly.
, Fish sold for
use in a fresh
o ‘state.
Details thereof
for last six
_ years.
XXVi Eighth Annual Report of the
landed in Scotland, in the year 1889, as compared with 1888, dis--
tinguishing the respective quantities and values landed in each of /
the twenty-six districts into which the coasts of Scotland are divided ©
. for fishery purposes.
The total quantity and value of white fish. Handed last year was |
5,589,239 ewts. and £1,454,175 respectively, and the value of—
shell fish landed was £63,201, -—making the value of both white
and shell fish £1,517,376.
landed was 4,633,5564 cwts., valued at £1,3
In 1888 the aren tty of white fish |
32,760, and the value
of shell fish was £71,728,—making the ealno*ee both £1,404,488. |
This shows an increase of white fish in 1889 over 1888 of 955,682
ewts., and of £121,415, but a decrease in the value of shell-fish of |
£8, 527, —the net increase in value being £112,888.
Appendix Cy Nostra statement of the total quantity ant
value of the different kinds of white fish taken by beam trawl
vessels, and landed in Scotland in 1889, and showing the sap. i
landed in different districts.
It will be seen by this statement that the total quantity and det
of all kinds of white fish landed last year by beam trawl vessels:
was 252,5244 ewts., valued at £158,306,—being 4°51 per cent. of the
total quantity landed, and 10°88 per cent. of its value;
but, ex=.
cluding herrings and sprats, the quantity landed by these vessels
was 13°53 per cent. in weight, and 21°46 per cent. in value. .
These statistics have been compiled from returns collected by the:
Board’s officers in the twenty-six districts, assisted by a number of.
correspondents resident at different harbours and creeks.
As early in each month as possible, a statement was. pubilidhedts
of the total quantity and value of the different kinds of white and.
shell-fish landed during the preceding month, distinguishing the:
respective quantities landed in each district, and the values thereof;
and a copy of this statement was regularly sent to the eed of
Trade and published in their Mohilby Journal.
)
FIsH Sop FOR USE IN A FRESH Snare,
The following statement shows the total quantity and value of
white fish landed in Scotland and sold for use in. a fresh state,
during the last six years. It also shows the value of shell-fish
landed for the same period.
Total Total —
Quantity of | Value of
White Fish | White Fish
Total ae Gross _ vi
- Value of 10 | > Total’
Years. te
“shell Fish. }) « Valuei... te
used Fresh. used Pyesn
Cwts. ee GERO LE TNO a BO Pom
1884, . . | 1,494,042 716,295) |. 80,989 |). .797, 2384)
1885, . 1,725,459 737,824 |... 89,193}. 8 827 017), he
1886, . 1.714.453, | 685,973 | . 73,287 | 759, 260 +
1887,. 1,877,998 694, 091). 67,815} 761,406 -}
1888, . ; 1,901,439 717,057 71798 | 4 "788,785. if
1889, . ‘ 1,977,357 744,351 63,201 807,552 .
Totals, . | 10,690,748 4,295,591 | 445,663 | 4,741,254 |
Ty 1 he
ry
ns AP hy eo
Gh YHIdaD
Fishery Board for Scotland. XXVil
It will be seen from the above statement that although the total Comparison of
quantity of white fish consumed fresh has considerably increased iste ie ais
since these returns were first collected six years ago, there has not years.
been a corresponding increase in the total value. The total weight
of last year’s catch, when compared with the average of the pre-
ceding five years, shows an increase of 15:46 per cent., while the
increase in value is only 4°23 per cent. The value of shell-fish
landed last year, when compared with the average of the preceding
five years, shows a decrease of 17°37 per cent., while the value of
~ both white and shell fish shows the small increase of 2°64 per cent.
The prices of white fish sold for consumption fresh were fairly Prices.
well maintained throughout the past year. The average was 7s. 64d.
per cwt.—about the same rate as in 1888,-——being the amount
received by the fishermen for their catches.
_ Since 1884, when returns of the above nature were first com- Causes of |
piled, there has been a decline in prices of about 2s. per cwt. This ae ay
is partly due to the large quantity of fish landed, and partly to the
competition of foreign fish in some of the priacipal markets.
_Appendix C, No, LIL, gives some details, taken from the reports Details
of the inspectors and fishery officers, of the total quantity and value *esarding fish
of the different kinds of white and shell fish landed in Scotland )
last year.
OYSTERS.
The statistics for the past year show an improvement in the Supply falling
supply of oysters compared with the previous year, but the quantity o! ™pidly.
is not one-half of what it was only a few years ago,-—and
altogether insignificant, when contrasted with the abundance of ‘
fine oysters for which the Firth of Forth and other Scottish waters
were at one time famous. The following are returns for the last
seven years, during which the present Board has been in existence :— _
Year a '\ Hundreds - Value
el MBEEIOS 16d woud: dant S466 oodkivac se call SvshB406
Hy LBB405 Havali hie : 5176 : F ; : 2174
LS WA OU SAN ORG TR 8 GE '8 we AN it A GO 809
1886, ey eae) Vi St dos Ue,» 2! : : ; 1295
1887 Aah: Seek itt Maer . 2130 : i Fe GOAN IRS SL OGB
BBBRE) BOY ‘ , : 1527 ; : “3 ; 742
qb8895. ja 809 hs haa x 3119 SA ‘ ; 1453:
_OFf the above quantity nearly nine-tenths belong to the West
Coast, where the chief seats of the industry now appear to be
Inveraray and Ballantrae. On the East Coast, Leith is the only
port where oysters are landed, and there the trade has dwindled
down to 315 hundreds,—returned as of the value of £175, and
which therefore must have cost the consumer over 11s. a hundred.
It is melancholy to think that a once considerable industry has
fallen so low. About the beginning of the century the scalps of
the Firth of Forth were so productive that 6000 oysters were.
frequently dragged by one boat ina single day, and after supplying
the local demand at 1s. 3d. a hundred, were shipped in great
quantities to Newcastle, or carted to Glasgow. Sir John Sinclair, Bod
in his Statistical Account of Scotland, published about the year 1800, ce: ae
~
, Li: ty ars ie at ie a 5 MMe J . Z > “
{ ‘ f >! OPE : vy im . , " j 5s
ee ae Pe? RATES ARO ae Bee oh Lae a Bee ON ee yee Re, + ah dias ok Hg i a Tle A Thm
XXVLiT Eighth Annual Report of the
mentions the case of a merchant at Leith who for ten years i
£2500 sterling per aynum for oysters (vol. xvil. page 69). _
already the destructive effects of over fishing were beginning to be
felt. At Cramond the fishermen sold their oysters te the Dutch
for 4s. the herring barrel, with the result that instead of making.
30s. a day as they used to do, less than half the usual number of
boats were able to find profitable employment, and that only occa-
sionally. Burntisland also had its oyster beds—belonging partly
to the burgh and partly to the Earl of Morton. In the parish of
Tranent, ‘4000 to 7000 a day was some years previously a good
fishing for a single boat, although a boat would sometimes drag
9000 in a day, which at 5d., 6d., 7d. a hundred, afforded a good
income to a crew of five. But “latterly (says Sir John), oysters.
‘ have become scarce, and at present 700 or 800 are reckoned a good |
‘day’s work. The parish of Prestonpans appears to have lived off
its oysters, the oyster boats belonging to the parish being 10 in
number. each requiring a crew of five men; and three or four times.
in a season a boat sailed to Neweastle, with a carge of oysters.
to the number of 30,000, sometimes 40,000. Among the enemies
of the oyster found among the oyster beds, Sir John Sinclair
mentions ‘buckies, clams, sea-urchins, star-fish, and corse-fish ’—_
and to these, along with over-fishing and the throwing of refuse
into the river, we may attribute the decay of the once famous
oyster beds of the Firth of Forth.
Having regard to the above facts in the history of this industry,
and the progressive aad almost continuous decline in the supply of
oysters, both in quantity and value during the last few years, we
do not see how its complete extinction can be averted unless some
decided steps for its revival are immediately taken. Without this,
oysters are likely to become scarcer and dearer; and this is not to
be wonilered at. It is only another proof that the country which
Protection and trusts exclusively to its natural oyster beds, without making proper
~ eultivation
necessary.
_ Experience
of other
Countries.
France.
| Supply in-
creased in
France and
Rec", Holland.
a ‘ sa
7 America.
Natural Beds
oe _ fished ont,
provision for their protection and systematic culture, is doing itself
a grave injury. The experience of almost every other country has
been the same. The districts around the Isle d’Oleron, on the west —
coast of France, which yielded 10,000,000 oysters in 1853-54, and
15,000,000 in 1854-55, yielded less than half a million in 1863-64;
aud the produce of the rich beds of the Bay of Cancale, on the
coast of Normandy, gradually fell from 71,000,000 of oysters in
1847 to 1,000,000 in 1865-66.
In 1851, under the direction of Professor Coste, the distinguished
embryologist of the College de France, the French Government
introduce the system of strewing oyster shells on the sea-bottom,
as cultch, to which the fry diffused throughout the water could
attach themselves. In later years artificial oyster culture was
further developed both in France aud Holland on a very extensive
scale with astonishing success. In particular, the supply was |
increased manyfold at Arcachon, the number of oysters exported
from that basin alone having risen from 4,897,500 in 1871 to
195,477,357 in 1880. t
In America, although in earlier times oysters were found i in large
quantities on the coast of New England, the natural growth beds
north of the Chesapeake are now said to be practically worthless
Fishery Board for Scotland. XX1X
(save as nurseries for seed), ‘Those on Rhode Island and Connecti-
~~~ eu are reported extinct; and even the great beds of Maryland and
ae Virginia are, it appears, becoming rapidly exhausted.
, _ About ten years ago the marked decrease in the supply of oysters State inter-
| in the United States attracted the attention of the State Legis- ference:
- latures to the subject; and there is now in operation in Long Oyster Farms
| Island Sound a system of artificial beds, which are held as private helt! as private
os “property by individual fishermen for a small annual payment to???"
the State, and are cultivated by them like an oyster farm. The
first experiments in this direction were made, it is said, near the
g city of New York about the beginning of the century, but it had
s apparently fallen into disrepute, until it was again taken up by Mr
a H. C. Rowe of Newhaven, in Connecticut, who about the year 1874
"l began sowing shells in deep water. The success of the system in
- ‘Long Island Sound has been so great that Mr Rowe now sows as
a. many as 100,000 bushels of shells annually upon what is now the
a most colossal oyster farm in the world, embracing an area of 15,000
acres of the bottom of the sea. The example of Mr Rowe has been
followed by others engaged in the oyster industry in the State of
= New. York, and under the fostering care and judicious guidance of
_ the Commission appointed by the State, and presided over by Mr
_ Eugene Ge Blackford, Commissioner of Fisheries, it has become a
R. very Important industry. The success of the system is sufficiently
indicated by the fact, that while in 1860 the vast majority of the
oysters sold in the New York market came from natural beds of
oysters of natural growth, to-day 60 per cent. of the annual supply Sixty per cent.
is from planted beds, and the oyster industry is rapidly passing pana bs |
from the hands of the fishermen to those of the planter and ote beds.
7 eulturist.
It is well known that the artificial propagation of the oyster is Artificial ce
as easy as any other kiad of fish hatching. The sexes are distinct ot hoe :, a
in the American oyster, and the removal and artificial fertilisation of |
a _ the eggs is not difficult; but, as the matter was explained to one of
& our number * during a ‘recent: visit to the City of Washington by
e. ~ Colonel Marshall Mé Donald, of the United States Fish Commission,
_ -althongh it. is possible to produce a set of spat in this way, it has
. not yet been accomplished to an extent sufficient to be of much
b a value. - ‘The failure, said Colonel Marshall M‘Donald, ‘is due to
«6 f imperfect. trials, but we have full confidence in being able to-
es ‘obtain some methods of artificial. culture of the oyster which can
Bs ‘ be carried on by private individuals.’ In the United States the
‘point appears to have been of less importance, from the abundant _
_ supply of seed oysters which is obtainable from certain parts of the
e coast, at a cost of 40 cents to a dollar per bushel, according to
ae. quality and size. It has accordingly been unnecessary to do more
than make arrangements for their being planted under proper con-
| ditions, and carefully preserved against their natural enemies until
anit vai: come to maturity.
An oyster bed is a kind of community, hase many wants in
- common, and finding their food in the minute forms of animal and >
Beare plant life floating in the adjoining waters. It is a community, re
ae, siaieeealnay oe few friends and many enemies, such as the starfish, . BY
* The Deputy-Chairman.
> + ME Eighth Annual Report of the
- -Fnemies of the whelk, and a small univalve mollusc called the “ drill ae Uro- .
the Oyster. salpina cinerea) ; but it is found that the damage done by the preda-
er dowickion tory attacks of these animals is small compared with excessive
BRAY jobs fishing, river pollution, and the deposition of mud killing the infant
fishing, river brood. These facts indicate clearly enough the direction in which
ite our efforts for the multiplication of the oyster and the revival of our
mud, oyster beds ought to procee:l.
The system Both in France and America the plan which has been followed
aa an is, not to produce oysters artificially, but to try to collect the spat
is 3 as it comes by natural means upon ‘collectors.. The method used
In France. | at Arcachon is during the spawning season to suspend tiles in the
water coated with plaster, to which the young oysters readily adhere.
When they have set upon the tiles the latter are taken up, the
plaster is sheared off with the adhering oysters, and the tile is
planted again. The plaster holding the spat is then planted out
like a plant taken from a seed bed, and allowed to grow up to
maturity under conditions adapted to its proper preservation.
In America. In America the method followed is in principle the same, but
carried out in a very different manner. It is found unnecessary to
have recourse to the troublesome and expensive method which is
followed in France of collecting the spat. Refuse oyster shells,
tiles, slates, a lot of dead bushes weighted with stones and heaved
overboard—anything, i in fact, to which the young oyster can cling
is laid down in some inland basin over which the tide ebbs and
~
% 4 — < — — — = —
ee a ee
» ho. “4 , == ba aw >. a ~ + on _
a >-0 2* ' . .
i
_-—
-
“aan flows. In this manner there is formed an artificial bottom, which
a is planted and replanted, so that the spat is carried over them. It
| | rr ar takes from three to four years for the spat to grow to maturity. in
ee some places, although in others they are ready for market in the
mo second or third year. It thus becomes necessary for the oyster
ae: ; planter to have three or four separate plots of ground, to be yearly
i A | seeded in succession, so as to give him a crop for each years
) _—- Security of Where so much depends upon the planter himself, it is obviously
ee Becky. proper that he should have a direct personal interest in the work
ee in which he is engaged. No one could be expected to cultivate
the oyster land scientifically, and at considerable expense, unless
he is made reasonably certain that he will be allowed to reap ‘the
fruit, and it is only by guaranteeing security of tenure that the
State can prevent the reckless and excessive dredging which has
been the ruin of natural beds, and stimulate the fisherman to take
the measures necessary for the protection of his oysters from their
: natural enemies.
A perpetual With this view, an Act was passed by the State of Connecticut
Franchise to (since made the model of similar legislation in several of the
he ground
granted, neighbouring States), under which, in consideration of a certain
| payment, and a small annual tax, the fisherman obtains from the
State a perpetual franchise of the ground under the sea, which he
occupies and holds. Under the operation of this Act, many
thousand acres in Long Island Sound have been taken up by the
planters, and are now being cultivated with remarkable success.
N
a Py
ain i eo =
~—< F a
7 4s
_-**
~2
.
a at
va!
a
~~
#
-
f
ee ai
=*
a
th .
« . PETE, ma eae . * o ss
Si NS Ns EE th Ee BCS ace RE APE SS EE AE OS et DE PN
reves . : a stan ws Pe = ain :
i ty -
t-* ”
ey “which isthe he system has been cordially accepted by the fishermen. | It is
~~. caly practical approved by all the leading oyster experts in America ; ‘and there
ie aan ‘can be no doubt, says Mr Blackford, ‘that this is the only prac-
* qrestion, ; ‘ticable solution of the oyster question.’ la 1889 the Commis-
~*~
L 5 c
a
wt)
paige
G8 Se 2 PT es
Fishery Board for Scotland. ‘Xxxi
‘sionors ‘of Fisheries of the State of New York reported to the The results
Legislature. that ‘the security of tenure afforded by the Act of i” New York
“1887, known as the Oyster Franchise Law, bids fair to make this
dy State one of the greatest oyster- producing States on this continent.
; ‘ Already it is estimated that ten times the amount of land is being
* cultivated that was occupied ten years ago, and the rapidly in-
‘creasing demand warrants the belief that. the growth of the
business will be even greater during the next ten years. In fact,
‘there can be no doubt that the depletion and exhaustion of. the
great natural oyster beds of Chesapeake Bay will ultimately
“compel the artificial cultivation of every available acre of land
“under water in New York State’ In 1887 the Commissioners
fixed the price of the land already in cultivation at 50 cents the
acre, and decided that new land should be sold by auction at not
less ‘than a dollar per acre. ‘The annual tax is 6 cents an acre.
As regards the area which may be embraced in a single lease, the
limit allowed by law is 250 acres; but many applicants are con-
‘tent with an allotment of from one to three acres, from which it is
found that a single fisherman can make a very decent living, |
Professor Ryder, who was formerly connected with the Fish The Method
‘Commission, and is now Professor of Embryology in the University Propose’ PY
of. Pennsylvania, and who has been working on the oyster Ryder.
question ‘for about ten years, recently published a pamphlet em-
bodying the results of his experiments. ‘The practical man,’ he
‘says, ‘has no time to waste upon the anatomy or development of Latastd
«the animal, What he wants to know is not how the egg of the pahieve
pit segments and develops, but what the habits of the minute
“creature are when it is first let loose in what must seem to it, if
“conscious, a truly vast universe of water. Moving about in its
“element with the help of. the fine cilia encircling its velum, it
“swims until it finaily meets with a nidus to which it can glue itself
“fast. with the margin of the left lobe of its tiny mantle. Once
© fixed, its wandering existence is for ever at an end. It is now teady,
" a slow. stages of growth, to become more and more like its
parent.’ What. is needed is a study of the habits of the animal,
‘and. then to create the necessary favourable conditions by artificial
“means. for its growth towards maturity. In his view the method
f adopted at Long Island Sound might be. greatly improved by a
‘more scientific method of providing the spatting surface than is
“obtained by scattering the cultch, such as tiles and slates, at the
: bottom of the sea, and allowing the graleyos, to become diffused |
| ‘through an enormous body of water. Se
-He proposes to. place, in a pond or other enclosed area, say 40
“feet square, 100 bushels of spawning oysters, which at the rate of
; 50. eal fy bushel, a very low estimate, ought to aie 100 to
Ph ae ee
rt piles or P etath shelts as cultch for the spat. During the rise ae
fall of the tide the water will have to pass through them four times
a day, and as the water is thoroughly charged with embryos the
ae? eae ‘ ‘| \ Oe
Settee a SUP ay tee Pee. ee, ’ ayy ae [lee tee Mey, =) ah Ae. x’ » "”
aie feet ot ae.
cultch.
ae | .
wt Colonel
Y _ opinion.
The import-
ance of clean
M‘Donald’s
Present condi-
tion of Scottish
oyster beds.
XXX1l Lighth Annual Report of the
- greatest possible opportunity is afforded for the young fry to fix
themselves. Careful provision is made against the accumulation
of sediment, for he says it must be considered a cardinal principle
in practical oyster culture that the cultch, in order to be available,
or to afford an eligible surface for the existence of the adhering fry,
must be clean. ‘If the cultch becomes thickly coated with
vegetable life, such as filamentous alge or diatoms, or with
incrusting animal life, such as boyozna, barnacles, and ascidians,
ooze or sediment, the chances for the survival of the adherent fry,
and its capability of growing into spat, is greatly diminished or
rendered quite impossible. Diatoms will very often increase on
such surfaces with prodigious rapidity, and form a thick coatiny
which will greatly interfere with the life of the very first adherent
stages of the oyster. In fact, the latter are asphyxiated in pro-
‘ digious numbers from such causes.’ The cultch may be allowed
to remain in the suspended receptacles in the canals until the first
or the middle of October, when it should be taken out and spread
upon the bottom in the planting beds, where the fry has tu grow
larger. One advantage of this method is, that it puts it in the
power of the culturist to obtain his own seed for planting, and
while his main source of supply will be the aatural yield thrown
off by the adult oysters, he will be able in addition to call in the aid
of artificial fertilisation to st pplemcut the supply of fry bmanpe
naturally.
The opinion expressed by Colonel Marshall M‘Donald, on the
occasion above mentioned, is that the Long Island system, subject
to the remarks and suggestions made by Professor Ryder, was well
worthy the consideration of this Board, as the most practical and
efficient method of increasing the supply of oysters which has yet
been discovered. This opinion was concurred in by Dr Richard
wn
r
n
wn
“
n
n
“
Rathbun, who is employed by the Fish Commission as the assistant —
in charge of the scientific inquiries, and the other assistant, Captain
J. W. Collins, both of whom were vf opinion that, by the adoption
of some such system in Scotland, the culture of oysters might be
made an industry of commercial importance, while the benefit
which would be gained by the public in having an abundant supply
of cheap oysters is beyond question. Considering that America is
so far before us on this subject, we believe that, instead of trying
experiments of our own, and seeking to solve questions of purely
scientific interest, we cannot do better, for at least some years to
come, than follow in the wake of American experience, and it
is satisfactory to know that this Board, having had transferred
to them, by the 11th section of the Sea Fisheries (Scotland) Amend-
ment Act, 1885, all the powers of the Board of Trade under the Sea
Fisheries Acts as to oyster and mussel fisheries, is in a position to
grant a lease of oyster ground, similar to the American franchise,
to any person or persons who may be desirous of embarking in the
business of planting and cultivating oysters.
As to the subject of oysters in Scotland, we must first of all
understand the present condition of those beds which, once famous
for their abundance of good oysters, are now ruined and desolate.
Almost every known oyster bed in Scotland might be put under
this category. Two localities which perhaps might be excepted are
Fishery Board for Scotland. XXXii1
Loch Ryan, where the banks yield a aninil return, and are let out in
lots to several oystermen, and West Loch Tarbert, Arey leshire,
where a system of oyster farming soinewhat on American lines
has been started and is apparently ‘doing well.
In all the other cases, where iadiscriminate fishing is carried on,
and where no system of supervision exists so as to protect the
oysters during spawning time, or from their enemies, the beds are
reduced to such a condition that, even if now protected, it is almost
certain they would be unable to recover themselves without the is
planting of new seed or some artificial assistance. On the West ot a
Cuast, however, there are still several localities where, either from ae
the oysters being considered private property, or from the position Wa 4"
being far distant from market, natural beds do still exist, and where “y
the native oysters are in sufficient numbers to form the nuclei "8
of exteasive oyster farms, from which the over-fished oyster beds
of other localities might be restocked. On the West Coast, the
configuration of the land varies sv much, that different methods
-of oyster culture would have to be resorted. to in different localities, a
or combinations in a great many different ways arranged. 3
It has been snegested that, by way of inducing others to take up
the cultivation of oysters commercially, a start should be made by
taking in hand some one of those beds in the Western Highlands
already referred to. That the ground should be dredged over
thoroughly, and cleaned of all enemies to the oyster; that some
methoi of spat collecting be fixed upon (to be determined upon by
the nature of the locality), provided that it is so inexpensive as to
be practicable if taken up by others for commercial purposes ;-and
that the cultch or collectors being in position before the spawaing
season, a fair trial of oyster culture may be made. At the same
time, if possible, the trial of another method of spat collecting
‘might be made in a different locality, for the purpose of comparison.
The mere planting of new oysters on old beds has been shown
by the failure of several individuals to be useless. As a rule, the
old beds, through want of supervision, have become the home of all
manner of animals which prey upon the oyster. The planting of a
new oysters is therefore nothing but a method of feeding those | oe
animals. Foreign impure matter in the water would, of vourse, Gory
also cause carseat
_ ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF COD AND OTHER “T
FOOD FISHES. ee
| The artificial propagation of cod and other marine fishes is now Now sation a |
carried on in the United States, Norway, and in other countries reap Se
with remarkable success. It appears to be a law ruling all fish foundlandand
life, and to which it is impossible to believe the cod forms any °sewhere. 4
exception, that when the young fish have come to maturity they
return to their birthplace in order to spawn, and never fail to do
so during the whole term of their existence. The late Professor
Baird, whose knowledge of the subject was unequalled, states the
‘lew: as follows:—‘In regard to the sea fisheries, one importent
BP 8) | ’
ras Bia) ‘ Niet P of : a a ‘ mt Py by aro
} 7 : ¢ . a) cae ‘ ii ore Yaa i, " ht RUA Pept
ity oy (beh 8 Se eae ay, rhe ke," 71 ee) Se ort it. e VAD Om pet ye spe en iw Maes
ae cats | XXX1V Bighth Annual Report of Phe
ee ae return to ‘principle should be carefully Bare: in mind, and AE is that, ‘overy
“oe ‘the place at‘ tish that spawns on or near the shore has a definite relationship ,
B Were spawned, ‘ to the particular area of sea-bottom ; or, in other words, that, as far
laa ‘as we can judge from experiment and observation, every. fish |
oe ‘returns, as nearly as possible, to its own birthplace, tu exercise the
a ‘function of reproduction, and continues to do so, year after year,
F ‘duriug the whole period of its existence. A second law, equally
‘positive, with a great variety of fish, is, that they pass from their
‘ spawning grounds to the sea by the shortest route that will take
‘them out into the deeper waters, where they spend the winter, and
‘that coming and going to and from a given locality they follow. a
‘determinate and definite line of migration.
a These principles have been fully confirmed by the tat
results which have attended the artiticial hatching which was
resorted to as a means of restoring the cod fishery to its former © +
productiveness, both in Norway and the United States. In Norway
this system was initiated under Professor Sars; in New England it
Results of Cod- Was introduced as an experiment in 1878-79. "After an experience
hatching. of several years the cod fishery at Flédevig has been doubled ;
and at the station at Gloucester, Mass., a hatchery is. now in
operation capable of producing many “tmillions . of cod in a
season.
From the latest Annual Report of the U.S. Fish Cominission we
learn that 60,000,000 of cod fry have been placed in the water in
the vicinity of Gloucester : that 500,000 young cod had been for-
warded to Hampton Roads, in the hope of forming a cod colony i in
Chesapeake Bay; and that a similar shipment had been made to
the Gulf of Mexico, in order to determine whether cod can be
successfully transferred to southern waters. Colonel M‘Donald
stated that the results of these efforts were very encouraging.
. They were, he said, now catching small cod inshore, which is. un-
<r >
=~
- rs
st li I TIN lS AO EG
a e
’ = c
ee
fe te a A Nl
ah
_ ee
~~
é
wt oer.
fF
(2 usual in the history of the fishery, and indicates that the fish had
‘a been successfully planted there. The Boston Fish Buteau, in its
Bre Report for 1890, confirms this statement. During the past two
> itlions of ~—-Years, it says, many millions of cod, haddock, and pollack have
a _ young fish on been produced and planted in New Encland waters, with the result
ss SER a that ‘millions of these species of one and two years growth
ae YS ‘are reported as being on the fishing grounds near the coast,
e+ ‘while young cod have. been taken in traps and otherwise
M4 ‘where the oldest fishermen have no recollection of seeing them
i, ‘ before. ’
--Newfoundland In 1888 a Fisheries Commission was appointed by the Colony
__ hasestablished 5¢ Newfoundland, and they appoiuted a Norwegian expert, Mr A.
|. +a Hatchery for
— Codand Nielsen, as its superintendent. One of the first steps taken was to
ee. PObpiers. establish an efficiently equipped hatchery for cod and other marine
"__ Deseription of fish and lobsters at Dildo Island, Trinity Bay. The apparatus, used
Pry SE peated is in the improved form, which is due to the inventive genius ‘of
e Colonel M‘Donald, and which is described in the Second Report of
ae the Commission, dated March 1890. The Macdonald: apparatus is
placed on one side of the hatching room. It consists of four boxes,
each 13 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 1 foot high. Tach box is divided
into twelve water-tight compartments, into which the incubator (a
box, the bottom of which is covered with cheese cloth, and furnished
Fishery Board for Scotland. ¥XXV
_ with gateways and aerators) is fitted. Each compartment is again
divided into three—the incubator, the inlet, and the outlet com-
partments. In the outlet compartment a siphon is placed which
draws the water, working automatically, and causing the water to
rise and fall. The advantage of this apparatus is that the ova can
_be transferred from one incubator to another through the gateways,
without taking the incubator up, so that they can be cleansed with
less trouble. In the middle of the hatching room are placed three
large tanks of wood, in which spawning fish can be kept alive.
‘From these boxes the fish are taken aad stripped for their ova,
uccordiog as they ripen. After the ripe quantity is taken from
them they are put back into the tanks, and the process is repeated
till all the ova are taken from the fish. At Flodevig, in Norway, Mcthod in
an improved method is now adopted of keeping the live ripe cod in Nowy.
a very large tank, allowing them to spawn naturally, and skimming
off the fertilised ova which collects on the surface of the water.
In the hatehing room at Dildo Island, a Chester apparatus, similar
in construction, is kept on the other side of the room, and the
hatchery is capable of producing 200,000,000 cod fry in one season.
In Newfoundland these active measures have been accelerated by Decrease in
the marked and continuous decline which for some years has been the Cod-fishing | |
in Newfound-
eee
PG et
“lp
5 aR ee
*%
. observed in the cod fishery, and the necessity of doing something land. 4M
a to restore the depleted grounds, As the Commissioners properly ae
Fi observe, ‘it is useless for mere theorists to tell us that fish are so Fish can be he
: - ‘prolific that they cannot be exterminated; that from some un- cpaelbi ye ang
a ‘known causes fish come in plentifully in certain years, then berate
2 ‘become scarce, and after years of abseace return in abundance; a
a “that we cannot calculate their erratic pelagic movements ; that ei
4 ‘man cannot exhaust the great ocean. These specious but utterly Re
. : baseless theories are coufuted by the undeniable fact, that in all ey
7 ‘our great bays the supply of cod has been steadily diminishing, ; ie
‘ “never increasing ; and that several of them are almost depleted, SO |
p: ‘that the fishermen are driven to other distant places in search of a
i: “fish. For such a decline there must be causes. It is our part to | wi
; “search out and remove these causes and use remedial measures.’ ae
q | . * at
] LOBSTER-CULTURE. “a
a
f ia ae Of ek interest to us in Scotland are the efforts which are being Itis proposed
a ‘made in Newfoundland to hatch lobsters artificially. Newfound- pra apa z
p) land is the home of the lobster, and it is proposed to establish ab Hatcheries in _ a
J least one lobster hatchery in each bay, whereby the stock of lobsters Newer?
4 may be not only maintained but greatly increased. This was also
4 the advice given by Colonel Marshall M‘Donald to the member of
B this Board whose privilege it was to confer with him on the subject
. in April last. ‘Select, he said, ‘certain areas where the ground is
4 ‘ suitable for beading lobsters, ‘prohibit all fishing on this ground,
s “and they will serve as central points of supply, and sv multiply
y “that the fishery alung the coast’ will be replevished. I do not
: if think any special measures for the preservation of the lobster
et eR: hatched are necessary. The lobster occupies rocky ground ;
; ey reat ge bp eds TR ON wet Bead yA Aree, bend Oe sae Ts te of dell Oe
ie a eee
a> ge
oo
yrs
+s 2
ce.
“ie,
“te
Pel ae pall SPs
——_ —— a
ro ewe - ee
).
ye
‘
_ ss
7 Sa 4
- ’ “2 - .
Aa SAPS
gs
‘an See ee 6
~ 7
.
oe
Mee? BEES
‘ow
F
7
Eke
ee sae ~
See :
vw
-. ~~.’ =. "= in te
“ Petincer— no
re
oes
. pee “4 = £58 “SS.
é ‘
= = . ma
Thi Powis se Cisie "cre te etek aS ae es
_ The import-
ance of this
Fishery in
Newfound-
land.
Decline of
Lobsters in
~ Newfound-
land.
Decline in
Scotland.
Decline in
Canada.
- How depletion
of a ground is
_ produced.
Mode of
* hatching.
The work of
the Fishery
_ Board.
=i
XXXVI Lighth Annual Report of the
‘he gets under the rocks, and when he is old enough a lobster i is
‘ not an easy thing to tackle,
Tke importance of this fishery in Newfoundland is gnfficidnily
indicated by the fact that in Placentia Bay alone there are forty
factories in operation, representing a capital of about 100,000
dollars, and giving employment to 1200 men and women.
catch of lobsters amounts to 5,000,000 annually, equal to 180,000
dollars when canned. ‘The total value of the lobsters exported in
1888 from Newfoundland was 385,077 dollars. The establishment
of lobster hatcheries has been suggested by the fact that at these
factories larye supplies of eggs, now subject to destruction, would
be easily obtained, whereas at present the industry is prosecuted
in such a reckless way as will probably end in its extermination.
There is no close season to protect lobsters when spawning and —
shelling; factories can be erected anywhere without restriction, and |
independent of all public regulation. No fishery ground, say the
Commissioners, can stand such destructive draughts for any lenyth
of time, if nothing is done for their replenishment, and the result
is seen in the steady diminution of the stock of fish. It appears
in fact that the decrease is far more possible with this species than
with the true fishes, from the habits of the lobster. Lobsters, says
Mr Nielsen, are of a voracious nature, and pass a great part‘of their
time in shallow water and within limited bounds. For these
reasons they are more easily captured than the other denizens of
the ocean, and in all countries vigorous efforts have had to be made
to preserve this fishery from ruin. These facts correspond with
what has occurred in Scotland, where lobsters have been gradually
declining both in numbers, and especially in size; in some places
the fishermen have been forced to abandon this fishery altogether.
A similar decline has been found in Canada, where protective
measures of a stringent character have failed to arrest it, or restore
it to its former condition. Although the price has” recently
advanced 25 per cent., the value of the Canadian lobster fishery
in 1888 was only 1,483,388 dollars, as compared with 2,638,394 in
1886, and 2,613,731 in 1885. Prince Edward’s Island has also to
lament a similar diminution, particularly in the size of the lobsters.
In 1880, three and a half to four lobsters filled a 1 lb. can; in 1888
fully seven lobsters were needed to make up this quantity. The
lobster being a local fish, in the strictest sense of the term, never
migrates far from its deep- water haunt, but comes in annually to
pretty nearly the same place on the shore.
Hence by over-fishing, or by taking immature fish that have
never spawned, any given locality may be speedily depleted and
ruined as a lobster ground. The keeping up of the stock by
ratificial breeding and stringent protective measures is, in the
opinion of the Commissioners, of paramount importance, if the
lubster fishery is to be saved from destruction. With this view Mr
Nielsen has constructed floating hatching boxes, which, he says, if
properly managed, will hatch out lobsters when the eggs have once
reached a due stage of ripeness.
The Fishery Board for Scotland have also had constructed a
similar apparatus, which has been used at Dunbar, where some
forty or fitty years ago the Jobster fishery was one of very great
The>
se eB. ae ALS.» ALO ~<_ ver Awe 77 * a” as Phas 0 > @ ’ ye. Ob : “ Wenin
(2 Note cp Aa father? as weet bette ne 4 ea ad ‘ A" , be i,
" v4 - . , ne Bin, : , ; ; PT" oe
Fishery Board. for Scotland. XXXVii
importance. In that district now, however, the supply of lobsters
has greatly fallen off, and the number of ‘ berried hens,’ or females
carrying ova, obtained is very small. The Board are therefore
making arrangements for the establishment of a lobster-hatching robster-
enclosure at Brodick, Arran, on the West Coast, which will enable jepeieaie En-
them to obtain an abundant supply of ova for the replenishment Brodick,
of the exhausted grounds on the Kast Coast, while at the same time Arran.
permitting of the restocking of grounds on the West Coast.
At the Dildo hatchery 4,039, 000 lobsters’ egos were hatched last
year, and the young set free ; and it is calculated that if 25 per
cent, of these survived and ‘reached maturity, the value of the
whole would be 27,768 dollars.
‘The importance of a thorough study of the life history of the mportance of
lobster is shown by the fact that Mr Nielsen has discovered that in the study of
Newfoundland waters the lobster has two distinct periods of spawn- eta of the
ing; this fact, as Mr Nielsen, points out, has a very important Lobster.
bearing on the legislative enactmeuts which may be found necessary |
for the protection of the lobster fishery. In Newfoundland lobsters
carrying ova are seldom found below the size of eight inches; more
frequently they are rather over than below ten inches, and »Mr
Nielsen therefore proposes that the Legislature should prohibit the
capture of lobsters under a certain size before they have had time
_ to exercise the function of reproduction, and also to establish a
close time from July to September. The standard size, he says,
should be fixed at nine inches in length in certain parts of the
island, and at ten inches in other parts, reckoning from the tip of
the rostrum to the end of the tail. Any lobsters caught by fisher-
men below this size should be pnt back into the water without
injuring them.
The value of the practical application of scientific principles to The value of
the development of our fisheries is very distinctly shown by certain *?eapplication
facts which were mentioned by Colonel Marshall M‘Donald, in con- Principles in
nection with the artificial hatching of the shad in the Delaware, Fisheries.
Susquehanna, and Potomac. The U.S. Fish Commission turns out
from 100,000,000 to 150,000,000 of shad per year. The work was The hatching
experimental up to 1880, but since then it has been continued on a °f Shad.
_ large scale and on a definite plan. The statistics which have been. | a
collected’ since 1885 show year after year a progressive increase i 3 i
-in the catch. In 1889 the number of fish taken was 84 per The success of |
cent, over the estimated quantity in 1880, equal to upwards of Shad hatching. —
700,000 dollars in money—nearly three times the entire appropria- 3
sion which the department receives from the Government for all
their work of every description and in every direction. Another
striking fact may be mentioned. Formerly the shad on the west ur
coast of America was practically unknown. In 1880 the Commis-
sion placed 500,000 of shad in a single river in California, These
have since multiplied in such numbers that the shad is now a
a common fish on the Pacific coast, being found in the rivers of
B ., California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and even as far
ae north as s the Sitka i in Alaska. |
7 ~ 7 . ” o % . .
: : bye he es ns I I f aes arti &
ator RORY SONS Pe Oe eg oh PN Pe a ee ORR TIS IS EI TLIO Aa, Wr sohes
boats wrecked
XXXViIl Eighth Annual Report of the
WEATHER AND DISASTERS AT SEA.
State of During the period that the great summer herring fishery was in
pensar ni operation, the weather was exceptionally good, there being only an
winter occasional strong gale. Boats were at sea, in greater or lesser
rarer numbers, every fishing night during the season. Unfortunately,
throughout the fishermen frequently “experienced violent storms during the
seer prosecution of the winter herring and line fishing,—serious loss of ©
life and property being sustained on several occasions. Loss of life
was greatest in Stornoway district, where sixteen persons were
drowned, twelve by the capsizing of two boats during a heavy —
gale on 19th March. One or more fishermen were drowned in
each of fourteen other districts, while in eleven districts no lives
were lost. The loss in damage to boats and fishing material
was greatest in Aberdeen district, the amount being £9255—
Fraserburgh, Wick, Leith, and Anstruther also suffering consider-
Seventy-two ably. The total number of lives lost was 72,—50 on the East Coast,
persons
ae and 22 on the West Coast, against 59 in 1888, an increase of 13 ;
but*‘a decrease of 24 as compared with the average of the preceding 3
five years. Thirty-six boats were totally wrecked, and 218 were
damaged. A great quantity of netting was also lost, but not to the
same extent as in the preceding two years, through the fouling
and weight of fish meshed when the shoals were dense, especially
Loss in boats at F raserburgh and Wick. The total loss sustained last year in
4 magia boats and fishing material amounted to £46,460. 7
The following Table shows the number of lives lost, and the
manner in which those casualties happened ; also the number of
boats totally wrecked, and the number damaged, with the amount
of luss sustained in boats and fishing material in each of the
past six years, during which period such statistics have been
collected :-—
: Lives Lost by Wrecks or other Casualties.
Lives lost,
.s Total Loss.
and damaged, ae 8 Ss Boats .0
Years. m let yi] od eg 3 i|2as tall Boats. | in Boats
and total loss 0 i = Bews| 8 3 Silas ee i fe (eae damaged. jand Fishing
in boats and BE feso| 3 |S 139 lose $ Material.
_ fishing material os (ssn| 2 |) Sh) ae le cals ots
: : a jes 2 |Bo o /opn
in last six Bs /— wl oO 5 \Sae
iS) Foe
years. io 4S
1884, 42 We 8 18 , 5 73. 39 112 “£29, 506)
1885, - 84; 12 Sg 5 20 5 126 51 112 59, 825
1886, 38 | 6 2 s | 10 6 70 40 132. 51,201. |
1887, 85 | 13 8 19 17 14 156 51 187 51,581
1888, 16 7 2 8 17 9 59 58 179.) J... 49,826"):
1889, 7k ae a A We see BAN Te 36 218 |, 46,460.
Totals, .| 302] 40 | 12 ] 56,|,94 | 52.) 556 275 940 288,399
b
Similar retum = Table VI. , Appendix D., is a return ig districts, of the Were of
by districts. Jives lost in connection with the sea fisheries of Scotland, and the
manner in which the casualties happened; the number of boats.
totally wrecked, and the value thereof ; the number of boats and
the amount of damage; and the loss on nets and other fishing
material lost or damaged last year.
~
.
7
, a a,
" a, - ~~? ‘ oe LA
(Tu
“|% G bad Do wld nee eer de |
Fishery Board for Scotland. XXXIxX
MARINE POLICE AND FISHERY SUPERINTENDENCE.
“This superintendence was conducted in the same manner as in
former years, and the regulations in regard to the lettering and
numbering of fishing boats have been generally well observed by
the fishermen. The returns show that the number of boats and Number of
vessels detained during the year for non-observance of these regula- P*s detained
tions was 598, being an increase of 284 over the former year.
~The proceedings in connection with the registration of fishing Registration of
boats during last year were as follow :—The number of applications >°*s-
made to the fishery officers for certificates of registry was 526, the Certificates
number of registers issued was 536, and the number of registers #2 9°"
examined ‘and indorsed was 5400. , endorsed.
~In Appendix D, Table VII., will be found particulars, classified Detailed par-—
by districts, of these applications to register; of the registers issued, UUs thereoF-
examined, and indorsed; and of the boats detained for non-compli-
ance with the Fishery Acts, by the fishery officers and cruisers
under the Board.
~The vessels employed in carrying on the superintendence of the Vessels
fisheries during last year were H.M.S. ‘Jackal, commanded by employedin
Lieut. A’ M. Farquhar, who was succeeded in the command by fisheries.
Lieut. Augustus L. K. Knapton; the Board’s cruiser ‘ Vigilant,’
commanded by Mr Alexander M‘Donald; and H.M. cutter ‘ Daisy,’
commanded by Mr George Hoge, who was succeeded by Mr
Clement Roach. These vessels were supplemented, during the
great summer herring fishery on the East Coast, by H.M. gun-boat
‘Firm, Lieut. W. H. Somerset in command, and by H.M. cutter
‘Fagle, Mr J. F. Tremayne in commaad, which were placed at the
disposal of the Board by the Admiral Superintendent of Naval
Reserves. The services of these vessels during the vear were as
f6HO6w 2b foeto” . | fs
H.M.S. Jackal” was engaged in the early part of the year upon Services of
the East Coast—her head-quarters being at Granton—in the ‘72¢kl.
general superintendence of the fisheries, and in protecting the closed
territorial’ waters against the encroachments of beam trawlers.
She then proceeded, after her annual refit at Devonport, to Barra
in the Hebrides, for fishery superintendence there, She afterwards
proceeded to Oban, where the Chairman of the Board, Professor
Ewart‘and Mr Anderson Smith, two other of its members, joined
her and accompanied your Lordship and party in the ‘Enchantress,
to the North West Coast of Scotland, with the view of your Lord-
ship’ personally inspecting the harbour works in operation, the
sites suggested for new harbours, and of considering the whole
A
question of communications,—railway, telegraphic, and otherwise
in the interest of the fisheries. The ‘Jackal’ thereafter returned to
the East Coast for the great summer herring fishery, taking up
station at Wick, and carrying on the superintendence from Rattray
Head on thesouth, including the whole of the Moray Firth, to and
including the southern part of the Orkney Islands. At the close
of the fishing she returned to Granson for general superintendence
on the East Coast. Her principal duty there consisted in protect-
in 3 the territorial waters from the encroachments of beara trawlers.
CURACY dir, e Pal wt 2 %)
3 - :
ta * ~ e * Oy ee a 4 A “~ Neo Fee NP eee es i over ae rae eee en nee “8 eas)
Pa os Se Prey ee ey, TOMY Ra ies Wem eater MM fa Sai
“ i . $ > 3F , ad J A \ “at . wee — hee he Lae
: - . Mbyte J "
‘,
xl Eighth Annual Report of the
| i Services of The ‘Vigilant’ cruiser was employed from January to May in 4
|. ‘Vigilant. the superintendence of tbe fisheries in the Clyde estuary, and at
y Ballantrae, on the Ayrshire coast, where, besides the usual fleet of
o herring boats, there were 18 Scottish steam beam trawlers, 13
a Scottish and from 8 to 20 English sailing trawlers engaged in
fishing. She then proceeded to the Hebrides, and, until the arrival
of the ‘Jackal, had charge of the Coast and Islands between the
Butt of Lewis and’ Barra Head. While there the commander was
successful in assisting several boats in distress, and in settling
many cases of collision and damage to nets. The ‘ Vigilant’ then
proceeded to the Hast Coast for the great summer herring ‘fishery,
making her head-quarters Aberdeen, and extending her superin-
tendence over the coast to Berwick- -upon-Tweed on the south.
At the close of this fishing she returned to the West Coast, and
resumed her superintendence there. Besides her duty in fishery
superintendence, the ‘Vigilant’ was also engaged, as in previous
Bere; * years, in taking a series of continuous physical observations in
ae connection with the scientific work of the Board. During the
p,. year 1210 boat registers were examined by the commander; 189
3 boats were detained for non-observance of the Fishery reculations ;
K” and 134 boats were communicated with, and the law regarding
carrying proper lights explained and its observance enforced. It
is gratifying to report that the active and energetic, and at the
H same time judicious, manner in which Mr M‘Donald, her com-
a mander, carried out the whole of these duties was highly pines
. factory.
: Services of H.M. cutter ‘Daisy’ was employed during the year in the
ee teat superintendence of the fisheries in Loch Fyne and on the West
. Services of | Coast. H.M. gun-boat ‘Firm’ was employed in the protection
ei ik of the fisheries around the Shetland Islands and the northern
| Servicesof += portion of the Orkney Islands; and H.M. cutter‘ Eagle’ was
a) Paele.’ employed around the Orkney Islands on similar duty.
| Arrangements The Board have again to express their regret that the arrange-
3 for super- = ments for the general superintendence of the fisheries, and more
ie intending |
. fisheries and especially for protecting the territorial waters closed against beam
ie protecting — trawling, are so unsatisfactory and inadequate. By the Herring
f te a aig Fishery. (Scotland) Act, 1889, nearly the whole of the territorial
R? trawlers most waters round the Scottish coasts are closed avainst this mode of fish-
| unsatisfactory: iy and the cruisers under the Board are wholly inadequate to see
ee that the law is enforced. Complaints are constantly being received
2 that trawlers are fishing within the proscribed waters, and much
dissatisfaction prevails amongst the fishermen in consequence.
Except during the great summer herring fishing the Board have
3 ocly H.M. gun-boat ‘Jackal’ at their disposal for service on the
Pes East Coast, and she is wholly unable to protect such a sOue
ay stretch of coast against the evil complained of. }
: 9 INJURIES DONE BY TRAWLERS OR OTHER FISHING BOATS TO THE
a Boats OR GEAR OF FISHERMEN,
er... Return of In Appendix E, No. L, will be found a return, by districts, for
bP ntea ast year, of complaints made to officers of the Board, and investi-
| and eported gated and reported on by them, of injuries done by trawlers or
Bot! Oe
Fishery Board for Scotland. xli
Be, other fishing boats to the boats, nets, lines, or gear of fishermen, and
h showing the results in each case.
f From this return it will seen that, although the complaints in-
vestigated and reported on by the Board’s fishery officers and com-
ii manders of fishery cruisers, were nut so numerous as in the
re preceding year— numbering only 79 as against 128 in 1888—they
i“ were spread over as wide an area, and were of as varied a character.
i Twenty-five complaints against trawlers and 11 against fishing Damaging AaB
Be boats, for damaging lines of other fishing boats were investigated limes. : ‘
io and reported on, "20 being satisfactorily settled (based on the
ie officers’ reports), and 7 not proven, while in the remaining cases
tee the defenders declined to accept the decision of the officers. Of 18 Damage to ay
E. complaints against fishing boats for damage to nets, and 4 for the pes by fishing a
boats and
same offence ‘against trawlers, 9 were satistactorily settled, 2 are still trawlers.
a pending, 4 were allowed to drop, and the remainder not proven.
One complaint was made against the owners of crab creels for
a damage to nets, and 4 against steamers for the same offence, 3
a being settled, and 2 departed from. There were 12 cases of Collisions. ae
i collision and consequent damage to boats, 7 being satisfactorily re
1g settled, 3 allowed to drop, and 2 not proven. “a
| Fifty of the total number of complaints arose from damage sus- Damagesus-
_ “tained outside the territorial waters, while 29 oecurred inside these pepe iu he
} , waters. Of these, the Board’s fishery officers investigated 70, the the territorial =
commander of the ‘Vigilant’ cruiser 5, and the commander of waters. ‘oa
H.M.S. ‘Jackal’ 4. ai
It is satisfactory to note that in only two cases was it necessary Results satis: =
4 to have recourse to legal proceedings, and that in both cases the OY
finding of the Sheriff virtually confirmed the decision given by the » ; ii!
_ officer. A great deal of expense was thus saved to the fishermen | i
| through the instrumentality of the Board’s officers. Damages,
a - amounting to upwards of £350, were awarded by them-—£257 being
4 given against trawlers. ! 7
a The Board would here repeat the recommendation which they Fishermen ie
“| made in the last Report, that any fisherman whose boats, nets, eagle es € vt 4
| lines, or fishing gear are damaged by any trawler or other fishing Laphatg it 74 Ml
_ boat, should immediately ‘make his complaint known to the fishery ia tO q
a officer of the district, or to any of the commanders of the stiperm- ke Me
i _ tending cruisers, who will, in terms of the Act of Parliament,
“inquire into the circumstances of the complaint, and furnish a
‘, report setting forth the particulars thereof, stating the amount of
& — damage done, and who is in fault. In the event of both parties sa
a being satisfied with the report, the matter may be settled in terms a
»... thereof ; but if an. arrangement is not made, then the party who |
i has sustained damage may take the case into court, and have the ae
ts question tried and decided by the Sheriff, the officer's report being St a
a part of the evidence. eal
‘a This recommendation is all the more pressed upon fishermen, as Great import.
_ by such inquiries and reports which are mentioned above they are ance of this
usually enabled to get a settlement of the damage they sustain fishermen. i
__._ without having recourse to legal preceedings, or incurring any
_-—~—s«expense; and, indeed, it would appear that the cases already de- i
4 cided have had the effect of making trawlers and other fishing boats
more careful than hitherto i in avoiding doing injury to each other.
| d
-_ 7. . a. >|” ¢G hed ) "re —y Fae 2 eer ae ae e,** . eae r ee ow 7 Lees e a
Pe) y : , \ 2 RY SAY ane fy Bias ypu bya Titer | te thai) ° Ce ap, La hein | is
‘ by , 4 tev Re bh ye Vikan Po Nat oh +
xlii Bighth Annual Report of the
TERRITORIAL WATERS CLOSED AGAINST BEAM |
TRAWLING. —
A 4.
Bye-laws of As formerly reported, the Board, under the powers conferred
Board closing pon them by the Sea Fisheries (Svotland) Amendment Act, 1885,
against = made bye-laws, from time to time, which were confirmed by the
onaritat Secretary for Scotland, closing different parts of the territorial
fishermen. waters on the East Coas t of Seotlarid against beam trawling, This
action of the Board gave great satisfaction to the line and drift-
net fishermen specially interested in the areas so closed, but those
fishermen who prosecuted their calling in other territorial waters
were greatly dissatisfied that those waters had not been dealt with
in like manner, and they expressed a very strong desire that beam
trawling should be prohibited in them also, and indeed i in the whole
of the territorial waters round the Scottish coasts.
~ Act passed The Board deemed it desirable, in the interest of the fisheries,
pie all that, with certain exceptions, this should be done, but they had’no
erritorial ts ; , ;
waters round power to make a bye-law giving effect to it. Thereafter, however,
eae of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act, 1889, was passed. Besides other
eis. provisions, it enacts-—sec.6 (1)—that it shall not be lawful to use the
method of fishing known as beam trawling or otter trawling within
three miles of low-water mark of any part of the coast of Scotland,
nor within the waters specified in the schedule thereto annexed
(which schedule includes the bye laws of this Board) save only
between such points on the coast or within such other defined areas
as may from time to time be permitted by the Board’s bye-laws, if
confirmed by the Secretary for Scotland, and subject to any
conditions or regulations made by those bye- laws: Provided that
this section shall not apply to the Solway Firth or to the Pentland
Firth. This statute further enacts—-sec. 6 (3)—that any person
who uses any method of fishing in contravention of this enactment
or of any bye-law of this Board, shall be liable, on conviction under
the Summary Jurisdiction (S cotland) Act, to a fine not exceeding
five pounds for the first offence, and not exceeding twenty pounds
for the second or any subsequent offence; and every net set, or
attempted to be set, in contravention of this section shall be
forfeited, and may be seized and destroyed or otherwise_ disposed
of by any superintendent of the herring fishery or other officers
employed in the execution of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Acts.
Two bye-laws Last year, after this Act was passed, the Board, under the powers
a
eee: it conferred upon them, made two bye-laws, both of which were
duly confirmed by your Lordship. One of these is in the amt
ing terms :—
_Bye-law (No. 6) made by the Fishery Board for Scotland, under the powers
conferred on the Board by the Sea Fisheries (Scotland Amendment —
Act, 1885, and the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act, 1889.
I. This bye-law shall extend and apply to the waters inside of a line drawn
from Garroch Head,‘Island of Bute, to Gull Point, Little Cumbrae, and —
thence to Portincross Castle on the Ayrshire coast, and a line drawn
rom Colintraive Hotel, Argyleshire, to a point due south (magnetic)
on the Island of Bute.
II. From and after the date when this bye- law shall come into force until
the 30th April 1890 inclusive, and thereafter from the 1st of August to
) > SP Se as as ee ve 4 ye than aA y ) ‘er f =
; ; ‘ .y * x « "
Fishery Board for Scotland. ) xliii
the 30th of April, both inclusive, annually, it shall be lawful, within
the said limits, to fish by means of a beam trawl, provided the boat
from which the same is used is a sailing vessel of not more than eight
tons burthen.
III. This bye-law shall come into force from the date of its confirmation by
the Secretary for Scotland.
This bye-law was passed by the Board in consequence of fisher- Reasons for
men at Greenock and Rothesay having requested that they might pended sc
be allowed to continue as heretofore fishing from small sailing vessels
by means of a beam trawl in certain waters in the Clyde, by which
mode of fishing they aad their families mainly got their livelihood.
Some opposition was offered to the re-introduction of beam trawling
in the Clyde as being injurious to the fishing industry; but the
Board were satisfied that in this case little if any such injury could
arise, as the permission asked for was to be restricted to sailing
vessels not exceeding eight tons burthen, and the area to which it
applied was of limited extent, while the operations of these trawlers
were usually carried on in daylight, and in waters where net or line
fishing was not prosecuted.
The other bye-law passed by the Board was in the following Other bye-
, terms :-— law made.
Bye-law (No. 7) made by the Fishery Board for Scotland, under the powers | bat
conferred on the Board by the Sea Fisheries (Scotland) Amendment Ree
_ Act, 1885, and the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act, 1889. | ea ng
I. Whereas by the Act. 52 and 53, Vict. cap. 23, sec. 6, beam and otter trawl-
ing have been prohibited within certain limits therein specified, save
only between such points on the coast or within such other defined
areas as may from time to time be permitted by bye-laws of the Fishery
Board for Scotland, and subject to any conditions or regulations made
‘by those bye-laws, but it is provided that the said section (6) shall not
apply to the Solway Firth nor to the Pentland Firth ; and whereas
it is expedient that the experiments and observations heretofore con-
ducted by the Fishery Board for Scotland should be continued, there-
fore it is hereby declared that any person in the service or possessing
the written authority of the said Fishery Board, under the hand of
the Secretary thereof, may lawfully use, and is hereby permitted to
use, when employed in connection with the experiments and observa-
tions aforesaid, or other scientific purposes, the method of fishing
known as beam trawling or otter trawling within three miles of low-
water mark of any part of the coast of Scotland to which the said
section (6) of the said Act applies, and within the waters specified in
the schedule annexed to the said Act.
II. This bye-law shall come into force from and after the date of its con-
firmation by the Secretary for Scotland.
- The Herring Fishery Scotland Act, 1889, closed certain waters Reasonsfor = — jj
specified therein against beam and otter trawling, in which ex- P®ss** a
periments and observations had previously been carried on by the ;
_ Board, in order to ascertain the influence of beam trawling on the ae:
fish supply of the territorial waters; and as it was expedient that a
these should be continued, this bye-law was passed. Detailed |
particulars of this work will be found under Scientific Investiga-
tions, forming Part III. of this Report. 2
‘ ior \ rn
_ During last year a number of complaints were made to the Complaints Bee.
Pere ran Sea , yer ey . : against traw-
Board of contravention of the bye-laws passed in former years 80'%St fishing
closing territorial waters against beam trawling, by trawlers fishing in proscribed
within the proscribed areas, and also of infringements by trawlers W™* = =
of that part of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act, 1889, closing a
Bek yay oe o ) be
; Meh?
, ’ a ~%
" { ; i : Me
Mis j 1 wer : Ay a> Seren, *
-
a”
Te we a ¢ » ry 3 i r no ies f , a. Tag ay * 7 Py vi y P he | pass A ye
Hie a SON Nie FO Ve AT a eat Tt i Sates PR a ae eh Lae he LO oP Oe ig i Np a.
/
i Ove |
Return of
prosecutions
against alleged
offenders.
Fishermen
urged to get
: evidence.
OR ae 0 BA SARE Ray Ae EE a een TREMOR ge
va
xliv Eighth Annual Report of the
other waters against beam and otter trawling. Hach of these com-
plaints was fully considered by the Board, and whenever it appeared
to them that the evidence in support of a complaint was well
founded, the case was reported to the Procurator Fiscal of the county
where the offence was committed, informing him at the same time
that the Board were of opinion that, in the interest of the fisheries,
the alleged offenders should be prosecuted. | |
From Appendix E, No.-II., which is a return of prosecutions
against beam trawl vessels last year for alleged infringement of the
bye-laws of the Board, or the provisions of the Herring Fishery
(Scotland) Act, 1889, prohibiting beam trawling within certain
waters round the coasts of Scotland, it will be seen that twenty-four
trawlers were tried for contravention of the bye-laws and Act re-
ferred to. Sixteen of these were found guilty, and were fined sums
varying from £2 to £10. In one case the coaviction was quashed
on appeal to the Justiciary Appeal Court, and in the remaining
eight cases the charge was found not proven. Two trawlers were
twice charged with violating the law in regard to trawling, but io
each case the master was “only once found guilty. The total
amount of the fines was £106.
The Board would strongly recommend fishermen, when they see
a trawler fishing within the proscribed waters, to endeavour to get
such evidence of the fact as would lead to the conviction of the
offender, and communicate the particulars of the case to one of the
Board’s officers or commanders of superintending cruisers, who will
at once report the case to the Board.
- HARBOURS.
The state of the Harbour Works in progress with which the
- Board are connected, during the year 1889, is as follows :—
_ Harbour
constructed at
Portknockie.
Broadford
harbour.
Progress’ of
works.
Balintore
harbour.
Provisional
rder
obtained.
PORTKNOCKIE HARBOUR, BANFFSHIRE.— The works at this harbour
have been prosecuted by the contractors, Messrs Morrison & Son,
who have now practically finished their contract; but it has been
decided to expend the balance of the sum voted for the harbour in
reducing the heights of some rocks near the entrance, and in the
erection of a quay on the south side of the harbour, and these
works are now in progress.
BroaprorpD Harzour, IstE or SKyu.—The works at Broadford
were let to Mr John best, Leith, who began operations in February
last year. The concrete portion of the pier has been extended from
the outer end of the old pier for a distance of 144 feet. The founding
of the pier is necessarily a slow operation; bat the contractor has
now plant on the ground which will enable the works to proceed
with greater dispatch during the season of this year. The works
of excavation have also been proceeded with and 1800 cubic yards
have been removed. ,
Batintore Harpour, Ross-suire.—The Provisional Order re-
ferred to in the Board’s last Report for this harbour was obtained
in July 1889, authorising the construction of a harbour at Balintore,
which lies midway between the fishing villages of Shandwick and
Hilton, and the appointment of a body of trustees, with power to
Fishery Board for Scotland, xlv
levy rates for the management and maintenance of the harbour.
The works, which are to consist of a pier 760 feet in length, and a
breakwater to the west of it, will enclose an area of 44 acres.
They are estimated to cost £7600, of which the trustees are to con- Cost of works.
tribute £1900, aod the Board an amount not exceeding £5700.
Working plans and specifications were prepared, and tenders invited Tender
for the execution of the works, and the tender made by Mr G. Pirie, *°°°?**¢
contractor, Aberdeen, has been accepted.
NkEss Hargour, IstaNp or Luwis—The Provisional Order re- Ness harbour
ferred to in last Report was obtained in June 1889 for enlarging this (ras
harbour, and the formation of a new entrauce, the estimated cost of obtained.
the works being £6000, of which the locality ts to contribute £1500, ete
and the Board an amount not exceeding £4500. By the Provisivnal
Order, a body of trustees is appointed, with power to levy rates for
the management and maintenance of the harbour. The working
drawings and specifications have been prepared, and it is expected
the works will shortly be begun. |
CoLDINGHAM HARBOUR, BERWICKSHIRE.—The works at Colding- Coldingham —
ham were prosecuted continuously by the contractors during last harbour,
year. The sum of £10,000, which was generously placed at the
disposal of the fi shermen by Mr Usher, has now been expended,
and the £3000, voted by the Board as their contribution to this
important harbour, is being drawn upon. The concrete work is Progress of
well advanced towards completion, and the deepening operations hy
are also in progress. It is expected that the harbour will be com-
pleted in the summer of this year.
AUCHMITHIE Harsour, ForFARSHIRE.—The Provisional Order Auchmithe
referred to in the Board’s last Report for the construction of this h@7>eu"
harbour was obtained in the course of 1889, and it constituted 4 Provisional
body of trustees, with power to levy dues for the management and obtain te:
maintenance of the harbour. These trustees thereafter unanimously
adopted a plan for the work prepared by Mr James Barron, C.E.,
Wick, the estimated cost of carrying out which, was £4428, and Bstimatedcost. ae
: appointed him engineer, subject to the approval of the Board. Mr
Barron was at the same time directed by the trustees to prepare
_ working plans and specifications, and to invite tenders for the
works. The Board approved of the said plan, appointed Mr
Barron engiveer, and, on condition that the trustees should first
expend £1050 towards the construction of the harbour, agreed
to pay towards its completion a sum not exceediny £3150. The Operations
works are now being proceeded with under a contract with Mr arpa ee
John Malcolm, Dunnet, Caithness, and are expected to be completed
in October of this year.
Portnacon Prise, Loch Erieoit, SUTHERLANDSHIRE.—The works Portnacon
referred to in the Board’s last Report in connection with this pier Pie
were completed during the course of 1889, under the direction of works
Mr Barron, C.E., the engineer, in accordance with the plan and completed.
specifications, and at a cost of £1200, the sum voted for the work,
- £900 of which was couatributed by the Board, and the remainiug
- £300 by His Grace the Duke of Sutherland. The pier has athe Description
_ substantially built, and, with attention in the way of keeping the thereof.
timber work coated with tar and pitch oil, will be a durable
structure. There is a depth of from 9 to 11 feet of water along-
oy : \
p ey .~ ee i, i d 1 . ° $ ee)
D4 ee ae i +) i Ne i ‘ce x ; Sa ie” mre Yam
‘ rhe ay ee } : ee ¥ ‘ ‘ :
a MANO 4 AND ERG Ne CRON De Re AR RTL CE, So .\ Mon ae ee “i 9538 ed
lah he Sf ite te! aM kt Oe ee a Re Oe ee ee RR Ce (ED Oe AM
Extension of
telegraph to
remote places
completed.
List of places
ahove referred
to.
_ Great benefit
of telegraphic
extension as
an aid to im-
_ provement of
_ fisheries.
Illustrations
_ thereof.
Stornoway
District.
‘\
2 ae Lf ighth Annual ‘Reon of the
side the pier at time of low water ordinary spring tides, which
will admit of steamers trading in the district approaching at all
times of tide, and it is anticipated that this will be of great
benefit to the fishermen by enabling them to get their fish quickly
dispatched to market. It may be added, that the bottom or ground
alongside the pier is perfectly clean, free from stones, and soft.
TELEGRAPHIC EXTEN SLON TO REMOTE FISHERY
_ DISTRICTS.
The following are the names of the places to which telegraphic
commupication has been extended under agreements entered into
between the Postmaster-General and the Board, by which the
Board guarantee to make good any luss which may arise from the
extensions, from funds placed at their disposal for the purpose,
Viz. :—
Loch Ranza and Pirnmill, Arran. Achiltiebuie, Sutherlandshire.
Loch Buie, Mull. Durness, Sutherlandshire.
Islands of Tiree and Coll. Hillswick, Shetland.
Arisaig, Inverness-shire. Burravoe, Shetland.
Portnaguran and Gress, Lewis. _ Brae, Shetland.
Barvas and Garrabost, Lewis. Ollaberry, Shetland.
Ness, Lewis. 7 North Roe, Shetland.
Of these extensions, the most recent are to Barvas and Garra-
bost, in the island of Lewis, which will be of great benefit to
the community generally. The distance from Stornoway to Ness,
between which Barvas and Garrabost are situated, is very cousider-
able, and there is a large population in their respective districts. -
The Board continue to receive reports from their officers of the
benefits arising froin the different extensions which have been
carried out, some of which may be narrated, :
Regarding the Stornoway district, the officer reports that the
telegraph extensions to Ness, Gress, and Portnaguran, which have
now been fuliy a year in operation, are of incalculable value in
promoting the welfare of the people generally. As regards the
advantages accruing to the fishing industry, he mentions that
the crofter fishermen view the telecraphic facilities now pro-
vided with much ‘satisfaction, more especially in the locality
ot Ness. The fish-buyers are in daily communication with the
southern markets, and realise higher prices for the large quantities
of halibut and turbot landed there in the spring than they could
otherwise have done. As is well known, large nambers of the
Lewis fishermen annually go to the Hast Coast of Scotland, and
take part in the herring fishery there as hired men, and the extension
of the telegraph has materially aided them in effecting engagements
and facilitating arrangements in connection therewith, During
the absence of the fishermen, in time of storm, the telegraph has
been the means of bringing news of safety to their families and
friends. This was especially illustrated by the fact that, during a
severe gale on the eist coast on August last, no fewer than 60
telegrams passed through the Ness offive in one day, making inquiry
Fishery Bowrd for Scotland. xl vii
regarding absent fishermen, or bringing intelligence of their safety.
Upon another occasion, information was telegr ‘aphed to Stornoway
that three small fishing : boats belonging to Ness had been caught in a
gale and were missing. With commendable promptitude, a steamer
was immediately dispatched from Stornoway in search of these boats,
and in a short time they were found at sea, and safely towed into
Ness harbour,—thus, in all probability, averting loss of life and
property. Through the medium of the telegraphic wire, meteor-
ological storm warnings are regularly transmitted to the Butt of
Lewis, and from thence, by means of the signal system, fishermen
and mariners are forewarned when danger | is approaching—an in- Yr
estimable benefit on that exposed and stormy coast, By means of Hw
the wire between Portnaguran and Stornoway, arrangements have
been in operation whereby curers and others get early information as Pa
to the position of the fishing boats; and during the calms which pre- é
vailed while the herring fishing of last season was going on, despatch |
steamers were sent to becalmed buats, and towed them into harbour.
Thus fishing operations were facilitated, and many valuable cargoes
of herrings were landed in a fresh state, which otherwise would
have been worthless. a
In the Island of Barra the telegraph has been in operation Island of “A
several years. It has afforded valuable aid in the promotion of all ®8"* pe.
departments of the fishing industry, and is now looked upon as au Ba
indispensable adjurct towards promoting the success and well- :
being of that island.
In the Shetland Islands, the officer reports that the telegraph Shetland, ‘
extension is of great and increasing benefit to the fishing trade; ®#™* =
and he gives many instances where heavy takes of herrings having
been landed in some islands, and the news communicated by tele- ‘pe
gram to the fishermen in other islands where fish were not being bs
found, they at once proceeded to the former plaves, and met te
with gratifying success. On the 18th, 19th, and 20th of June, a eee
very heavy fishing of herrings was landed at Walls, the curing of Ck ON aa
which exhausted the whole stock of salt and barrels, and, but for a
the telegraph enabling curers to get a new supply at once from |
- other stations, a great ‘loss would have been sustained. It appears
also that at Hillswick, North Roe and Ollaberry, the haddock fishing
has been more extensively prosecuted than formerly, and that the
- number of decked boats eagaged therein has increased, and is likely
still further to do so.
In the Orkney Islands, the officer reports that whenever a shoal Orkney
of herrings is discovered at any point in the district, the fact is "4
immediately communicated to the different. stations; and that
fishermen there frequently proceed to the place where the herrings
have been found. One day last year, when large takes of herrings
ere landed at Stronsay, for the curing of which there were not
enough of barrels nor a sufficient number of coopers, gutters, and
packers, what was wanted was got from Wick on. the following
morning, whereas, had there been no teleyraph, this could not have
been. done, Curers and their agents coasider the telegraph of the
greatest importance, being enabled thereby to transmit urgent com-
anunications to their correspondents guia the herring fishing
season, )
- > ot ee
———
ae
eae
>
-
~ 7
ee
a ee a a = i bE a -
7 ; - P
| Ne SER.
~ 7.
a F
ay ¢
i bm
~~
.~
Yet Sek see Se SieGrg 8 a
Bs
x 4 rat » =f
=a, is et ee pe
+ Yes
i BPR Re LE Tet ni Sot
$ :
i
oie tT pS
Ss
“>
Yh
2
4
Reet Bes
i
-.
*
a ~ Wick district.
Fort William
district.
Extensions to
Arran.
on” sp ae he (bee Le uaa Shy im a PRA Te haa ye ee ee ee fee} a
UP Ai aS il PPR COI ET, | etre ee hs OE
r UJ c ~ 442 \).= tem s rae ¢ > |
ES Ng
xl vill Highth Annual Report of the
The officer at Wick reports, that since the telegraph was extended _
from Tongue to Durness, the business has been gradually growing
larger. Not ouly fishermen and others connected with the fisheries,
but the people generally, avail thems:2lves of it; and there is every
_ indication that it will be increasingly used as time goes on. At
Wick, Scrabster, and Portskerry also curers and fishermen use it
largely. Consignments of fresh fish to the southern markets, as
well as shipments of cured herrings by steamers to Continental ports,
are advised to consignees by telegraph. Fishermen very often use.
the wire to ascertain where fishings are being carried on. During
last year, by its means Wick fishermen, hearing of a successful
fishing at Scrabster, pruceeded there at once, and obtained good
success; and in the same way on another occasion, those fishing at
Scrabster went to Wick. and shared in the success of the early —
herring fishing which was being prosecuted there. During stormy
weather at sea, when fishermen ofteu cannot reach their own ports,
causing much anxiety to their friends and others at home, tele-
graphic communication is constantly resorted to, and often, in the
course of an hour or two, intelligence is received from ports at a
distance of the safe arrival of boats inquired after.
The officer at Oban reports, that the telegraphic stations opened
at Tiree, Coll, Dervaig and Arisaig have, taken as a whole, proved
beneficial to the districts in general. At Tiree and Coll, the
fishermen have found the wire of great advantage in ascertaining
the daily price in the south and the markets to which they should
send their fish, either cured or fresh. Last season was the first in
which fresh fish were sent to the southern market from Tiree, and |
without doubt the telegraph wire was to a considerable extent the
cause of this change. It has also induced more fishermen from the
east coast to prosecute the cod and ling fishing at Coll. The
extension of the telegraph to Arisaig has proved of great service to
fishermen and buyers, but it is believed to be too far from the
fishing grounds.
The Rothesay officer reports, that telegraphic extension to the
fishing townships of Loch Ranza and Pirnmill contributes in a
considerable degree to the prosperity of the iuhabitants and benefits
those employed in the fishing industry on the north coast of the
Island of Arran. The telegraph was again this season greatly taken
advantage of, particularly as the fish landed are all despatched to
market for use in a fresh state. Almost in every case, those for-
warded were advised by telegraph to the fish factors or agents in
Glasgow; and several instances occurred of hundreds of boxes of
herrings being sold when in course of transit. The success or non-
success of the daily catches of the fleet is reported by telegraph,
and buyers at telegraph stations are re-advised as to the state of
the markets, and the prices are fixed accordingly on the coast. The
telegraph has also proved of advantage during the season when an
additional supply of empty boxes were urgently required for carrying
the fish to market; and masters of vessels in passing the station of
Pirnmill with cargoes of herrings from Mackrie Bay, generally wire
the number of packages on board to the agents at the port of
destination, thus facilitating arrangements for a quick delivery of
fish, and the return of the vessel to the fishing grounds.
®
service to the general community.
Boats AND inane: AND PERSONS, EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION )
: WITH THE SEA FISHERIES. , Cha
vessels, and nets, fell short of that of 1888, and of the preceding 3 ee:
| Increase in 1889, . ata ney \ £228 pr
{ Decrease in 1889, . 99! £31,411 eee £40,173
«bola elt Redon, Pople Mh uae i ses SABO ha MR ag Na le Ta ua
‘ ‘ é - - \ 7
* “Ts : ‘
Fishery Board Jor Scotland. xlix
These cases above mentioned are sufficient evidence of the great
value of telegraphic extension to remote fishery districts, in pro-
moting the development of the fishing industry, as well as being of
In Appendix F, No. IL, will be found a statement of the ex- Expenditure
for telegraphic ot
penditure for telegraphic extension during last year. passe
Table I. Appendix D, gives an account of the number of boats, Fishing boats =)
decked and undecked, irrespective of the places to which they ee aa ag
_belong, employed in the herring fishery in Scotland, in the seasoa inaselected
of last year, in a selected week for each district; with the week- a
number of fishermen and boys by whom tbey were manned: of oe,
200pers, gutters, packers, and labourers employed at the said Rey
fishery in the week so selected; and the total number of such at
fishermen and other persons so employed. oe
The following table shows the number of boats, decked ang Boats and a
vessels, fisher-
undecked, and Tecak trawl vessels employed in thie sea fisheries wiekn, Hed deli
of Scotland : the number of fishermen and boys by whom they persons ie i
were manned ; the number of fish-curers, coopers, and other persons See tage edn oy |
employed, in the years 1888 and 1889 :— | ey
att | Fishing Boats ; Other | oe
Years. and Beam Fishermen hace | Coopers.| Persons a
Trawl Vessels. y i (estimated). a
1888, . : i 14,904 48,618 1,047 2,410 45,806 Sot
Bea Sindh Bam 14,714 47,943 | 1,071 | 2,665 | 48,178 | .
, A hiss
Increase in 1889, . hs Nec 24 255 2,372 yo Oa
Decrease in 1889, . 190 9 O45 ane SN id a
Reel PLY ein wads CHE ia ym ee A OR Me SARs Sat ah Ie . 4 | |
The amount of capital embarked last year in boats, beam trawl ¥ fey
oanele : : oe
_ three years. The amount expended on lines, however, has been om
gradually increasing since 1884, which shows that fishermen are aaa |
paving greater attention to line fishing than formerly. | Sa
The particulars of this increase and. of the decreases are given in Copital A a
ee employed in ee
the following table: . 1888 and 1889. “7
Value (estimated). ae
A
ce |
| oy.
Boats and . oa
Beam Trawl Nets. Lines. Total. me” 2
Vessels. < ae
TS a £837,718 | £679,290 | £126,472 | £1,643,480 oi
1889, 828,728 647,879 126,700 1,603,307 | ee
ee | ef
" _—_——_—_ -- .
sg
Sohn ‘ bias ENS | 46 ;
- 4 " a! « 7 . e * ¢
dat ia Ge he |e BO A ok 8 ol ~> » Sie ae See PALS 8+? Ss a7),
=
a
Details of
; ‘boats, vessels,
» &ce., and
i capital
; employed.
Details of
beam trawl
vessels.
_ Tonnage of
shipping and
number of
seamen
Hy engaged.
_ Tonnage of
boats and
_ vessels, and
- number of
_ persons
Bee ored.
Abstract
returns of
tonnage and
persons
employed.
Number of
boats and
~~ beam trawl
~ vessels and
resident
- fishermen in
ne Bs Scotland.
ad
Fs
‘Qe te» a -" a »'
‘ 4 A on ke 4 Py hive’
\ ‘ 1
\ Y : A XN
1 Eighth Annual Report of the
The falliug off during the last few years in the amount of capital
invested in boats, vessels, and nets, is mainly accounted for by
depreciation, loss of boats, and material, and by very few boats
having been built, or nets manutactured, since 1884,
Table II. Appendix D, shows the number and tonnage of boats,
decked and undecked, and beam trawl vessels, employed in the
herring and other sea fisheries of Scotland last year, with the
districts to which they belong; the number of fishermen and boys
by whom they were manned; the number cf fish-curers, coopers,
and other persons employed ; with the estimated value of boats,
beam trawl vessels, nets, and lines.
Table ILI., Appendix D, shows the number and tonnage of beam
trawl vessels and boats employed in the sea fisheries of Scotland
last year; with the districts to which they belong; the number of
fishermen and boys by whom manned; distinguishing steam
trawlers from sailing trawlers; with the estimated value of the
vessels, nets, and fishing material.
Table LV. Appendix. D, shows the tonnage of shipping, and of
the number of seamen engaged in the trade of the herring and cod
and ling fisheries of Scotland, last year—distinguishing those
employed in importing stave wood, hoops, and salt; in carrying
herrings or cod-fish coastwise, or exporting them abroad ; and dis-
tinguishing British from foreign tonnage and men.
The following table shows the total tonnage of boats and vessels,
and the number of persons employed in the herring, cod, and ling,
and other sea fisheries of Scotland in 1889, as compared with
1888 :—
Total Tonnage of Boats and Vessels, and Number of
_ Persons employed.
ABSTRACT.
British. Foreign.
Years. Tous. Persons. Tons. ‘Persons,
1888, 276,3224 107,639 29,845 1,498
1889, 279 3694 109,757 , 43,118 2,101 —
Increase in 1889, 3,047 2,118 18,768 603
Table V. Appendix D, gives abstract return of the tonnage of
vessels and number of men; the tonnage of boats and number of
fishermen and boys ; and the number of other persons employed in the
herring, cod, and ling , and other sea fisheries of Scotland last year.
Table VIL. Appendix D, is a return, by fishing villages or creeks,
for the coasts.of Scotland, of the number of first, second, and third
class fishin boats, beam trawl vessels, and resident fishermen anid
boys, in the year 1889. It will be seen that in Table II. of
Appendix D, the fishermen and boys returned are 7558 more than
the above-mentioned number. This is, however, in consequence of
that additional number, who were noa- resident, having been em-
Fishery Board for Scotland. li
ployed in the herring fishery at the various stations, when the return
ee was made up.
f LOANS TO TISHER ‘MEN TO PURCHASE BOATS AND
Py GEAR.
| By the 32nd section of the Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act, Treasury to
. _ 1886, the Lords of the Treasury are empowered to advance to this prance Mone ae
- Board such sums as may from time to time be placed at their foans to | a
. disposal by Parliament, for the purpose of enabling them to make phe to :
advances, by way of loan, to persons engaged in the prosecution ofgir
the fishing industry in crofting parishes abutting upon the sea in | a
q certain counties to which the Act applies. The purposes to : re
q which such loans may be applied include the building, purchase, bey
or repair of vessels, boats, and gear for tishing purposes, and any ‘a
other purpose of the like nature, for the benefit or encouragement a
of the fishing industry, withia the localities referred to, which may vad 4
! ~ be sanctioned by the Board, with consent of the Secretary ior | ae
= Scotland. The loans are to be made upon such terms as to repay- Secretary for |
a ment, security, rate, and payment of interest and otherwise, as the Scotland, with
Secretary for Srotland, with the consent of the Treasury, shall Treasury, to
determine. Under the Sea Fishing Boats (Scotland) Act, 1886, settle terms on
? which loans
further. provision is made for An registration and mortyage of aretobe made.
a fishing boats, so that they may become a valid security for loans ; lot
4 and under the authority of that Act, an Order in Council was he
4 issued for carrying out these provisions. Rules were made by the Rules made ae |
a Secretary for Scotland, with the consent of the Treasury, as to the 2¢cordingly. ke
oe terms on which the Board might make loans; and forms of pro- y
sy posals, with instructions for filling them up, are sent to those a
‘a ‘ fishermen who apply for money. a On
g The parishes which have been defined by the Commissioners Parishesto J
a under the Crofters Act to be crofting parishes are situated in the en ie
~ following counties, viz., Argyle, Inverness, Ross and Cromarty, a
Sutherland, Caithness, Orkney, and Shetland. me
During the past year 134 applications for loaus were received Applications om
1a from crofting parishes, the applicants numbering 504, and th 1 Spplicants, pee a. ft i
amount asked £21,069, 15s. By far the largest number of appli- amount aakedatis
7 cations were received from the districts of Stornoway and Wick. . i
Full inquiry was made into each case, and of the applications Numberand =
ss received, the Board, alter the fullest consideration, decided to grant es rind “¥
oe 106, the sum sanctioned amounting to £14,463, 1a. Highty-two and. coluplebastigg
Be loans were completed, the amount paid over being £9114, 8s.,
i while the remainder are either in course of being carried out, or |
‘a are awaiting the completion of the building of new boats. . i es
h be _ Since the Crofters Act was passed.in 1886, 795 applications Particulars of ©
i have been received from 2888 persons; the amount asked being lous since Re
«£98,847, 15s.. Of these, 321 have. been sanctioned, amounting to a reat vine
i, £36,750, 16s., and 197 carried out, the sum paid over neoe |
Se 420, 926, 6s, Td.
es: «+. The details in regard to. the erating of loans to fishermen, in Details
‘the districts situated within the counties deiined by the Crofters 7earding
; bbe ms ‘ loans, b
Commission, as containing erofting parishes, are as fullow:— distrinber
\ ‘
ial ' -
SED Beads “hatey Ma, FESS Men et eae jy wD ryt Sat de Sate 3 eee
Er Ee ot het oe cea FAAS Rice 2 SPCR ys Cahir EA Oe N heme a IME Mee ie PMV 4 (ang ee {gh Se
Findhorn
district.
Cromarty
district.
A
; abe
| -—Helmsdale
. district.
ms, |
Vig
as ,
Shi,
ver!
78
hy te
3 Ws
a
ar
i).
i ae
ht
we.
iin
O Mae
ae
Ea
om i
4 “has
: Lybster
| district.
«i 5 be
| ARS ,
A ae
Be
oe
04 |
A’
yA So
mr.)
ay’
BES
Wick district.
>.
Hh dt RN Ace RI A PUG gs mini talc tn) eS ha
¥ any 3 +
4 * /
lii Eighth Annual Report of the
FINDHORN DIstTrRIcT.*
No applications were received in this district for loans during
last year, nor were there any received in previous years
CROMARTY DISTRICT.
Three applications were received last year from 14 persons for
loans amounting to £465, and one for £284 was sanctioned. ‘T'wo
loans, sanctioned in previous years for the purchase of boats were
completed, £303, 10s. being the amount lent, made up of £65 and
£238, 10s. These are the only loans completed since the Crofters -
Act was passed.
Instalments—principal and interest—amounting to £25, 1s. 2d.
have fallen due, of which £17, 8s. 5d. has been paid, ‘and a 128. 9d.
is in arrear.
HELMSDALE JDISTRICT,
Eight applications were received last year from.25 persons for
loans amounting to £1692. Three loans were sanctioned, to the
amount of £653, and three completed, the sum paid over—£653—
being made up of £66, £275, and £312.
Since the Crofters Act was passed in 1886, nine loans have
been made, all of which were for the purchase of boats, the amount
issued being £1269.
Instalments—principal and interest— amounting to £167, 4s. 4d.
have fallen due, £101, 12s. 6d. of which has been paid, and
£65, 11s. 10d. is ‘in arrear. £21, 1s. 2d. was received, which was
not due till 1890. Lee
I
LYBSTER DISTRICT.
Four applications were received last year from 7 persons for
loans amounting tc £281, all of which were sanctioned as well as
one for £112 applied for previously. Five loans granted in this
and previous years were carried out, the sum paid over being £595.
The loans ranged from £56 to £312.
Since the Crofters Act was passed in 1886, six loans have been ay
completed, four for the purchase of boats, and two for gear, the
amount advanced being £907.
Instalments—consisting of principal di interest—amounting to
£115, 14s. 8d. have fallen due, £95, 3s. 2d. of which has been paid,
and £20, 11s. 6d. is in arrear.
Wick DIstTRICcT.
Thirty-three applications were received last year from 114
persons for loans amounting to £6304, and 25 loans were sanctioned
* The boundaries of each fishery district will be found on pp. 5-23 of
Appendix.
‘Se >
~
a.
oe epic 7 Ds he ay de ee ry OP pe ee
“ ,
7 , - ¥
Fishery Board for Scotland. lilt
to the amount of £4168, 10s. Sixteen loans were completed, the
sum lent being £1953, 10s. Od., the loans ranging from £43 to
£274.
Since the Crofters Act was passed in 1886, 59 loans have been
carried out, 55 for the purchase of boats and 4 for fishing gear, the
amount issued being £7096, 1s. 6d.
Instalments-—principal and interest—amounting to £1276,
ls. 11d. have tallen due, £1003, 7s. Od. of which has been paid,
and £272, 14s. 1ld. isin arrear. The sum of £104, 6s. 4d., which
was received from the Insurance Company for two boats being
totally wrecked during the year, is included in the above amount.
£19, 16s. 10d. was received which was not due till 1890.
!
ORKNEY DISTRICT.
Seven applications were received last year from 11 persons for Orkney
loans amounting to £861. Four loans were sanctioned to the ° apatrach
amount of £435, and three completed, the sum paid over, £415,
being made up of £90, £136, and £189.
Since the Crofters Act was passed in 1886, six loans have been
advanced, all for the purchase of boats, the amount issued being
£635.
Instalments—principal and interest—amounting to £94, 6s. 8d.
have fallen due, the whole of which has been paid, and £7, 17s. 104.
was received which was not due till 1890. |
SHETLAND DISTRICT.
Eleven applications. for loans were received last year from 23 Shetland
_ persons, the amount asked being £1632. Ten loans were sanctioned “s*'**
amounting to £844, and 11, which had been sanctioned in that and -
previous years, were advanced, the sum lent being £943, 18s. The
loans ranged from £40 to £252.
Since the Crofters Act, 1886, was passed, eighteen loans ieee
‘been completed, 16 for purchase of boats, and 3 for gear, the amount
advanced being £1816, 18s.
Instalments—principal and interest—amounting ‘to. £8 ih.
17s. 6d. have fallen due, of which £181, 2s. 3d. bas been paid, and
£132, 15s. 3d. is in arrear,
; . STORNOWAY DISTRICT.
a 8 osuibwaa Section.—During last. year 45 applications v were Stornoway ©
received from 237 persons, the amount asked being £7368. Forty- ‘strict.
five applications were sanctioned to the extent of £6625, and 34 Stornoway —
carried out, the amount issued being £3488, 1s. Od. The loans Section.
ranged from. £18 to £284.
Since the Crofters Act was passed in 1886, 73 loans have been
completed, 66 for the purchase of boats, and 7 for gear, the sum
agar asm being £6526, 11s, ites
- x
: 4 bX
a
i fs Ae LAF as " 4 ‘ CA. ee fate Kis f wus eae ‘hh Vr Be
BAU Bc, “on ao SS ibs Rp te URE OTE he nee eT tM TOE Me eR cep cot EM eal ;
"ba ee bot = ay oY gF +P A aa” + ‘ ue ar J “4 ¥ * Pi By rs 1 WP le pean | anal ei ate hae oR RR Pa ee Pi
eat} N REP a . A Yor Mig aM BT ae eat 7 Oe Ne ae eM
‘ ) - ‘ % ~ " 7 _ a “ Aree rd
wee _ ) * : > , Ca “ al
ng . . ‘ : ) \ i er wom wy
liv Enghth Annual Report of the
Instalments—principal and interest—amounting to £983, 1s. 9d. 4
have fallen due, of which £730, 18s. 4d. has been paid, and £252, me,
3s. 5d. is in arrear. £28, 10s. 51. of the amount received was |
insurance money for a boat wrecked in March last. In addition,
ie £7, 14s. 8d. was received which was aot due till 1890. |
+ Barra section. IL. Barra SecTION.—During last year 8 applicatioaus for luaas
g were received from 29 persons, “the amonat asked betas £539, 10s.
py Nine loans were sanctioned, amounting to £722, bs., and six
were advanced, the sum lent being £642, The loans ranged
from £41 to £225.
Since 1886, when the Crofters Act was passed, 16 loans have .
1 been “completed, all for the purchase of boats, the sum advanced eso
/ being £1604, 16s. 4d.
Instalments—principal and interest-—amounting to £987, 14s. 2d.
have fallen due, of which £172, 15s. 1d. has been paid. and £114,
19s. 1d. is in arrear.
Mo - ee
—— *
~~
eee ee de ae
Seah =
ary
— ~
LocuH Broom DISTRICT.
<—
«0m
ve a5 = mo
Loch Broora Eleven applications were received last year from 38 persons
east for loans amounting to £1801, 15s. Three loans were sanctioned,
: to the amount of £305, and 2 completed, the sums paid over
oe, being £57, 9s. and £63 respectively, making together £120, 9s.
cee | Since the Crofters Act was passed in 1886, 8 loans have been
‘a carried out, 6 for the purchase of boats, and 2 yt) gear, the amount
issued being £767, 9s.
Instalments-—principal and Satetentenmndiieaine to £157, Os. 8d.
« have fallen due, £85 12s. 9d. of which has been paid, and £71,
eres 7s. 11d. is in arrear.
2
be pil
PS Rew
:
Le
oe
LocH CARRON DIsTRICT.
<p
43 oS. Loch Carron During last year 1 application from 3 persons was received, the
See usirict. amount asked heing £15, but it was not granted. No loans have
been carried out in the district since the Crofters Act was passed.
FortT- WILLIAM DISTRICT.
“Fort William [wo SS alcatuntie for. loans prom: 2 persons, were received last
| district. year, the amount asked being £79. One of-these loans, amounting
| to £34, was sanctioned, but no loans were carried out. |
bets. | No loans have been advanced in this district since the Crofters
sa Act was passed in 1886, although 28 applications have been re-
ceived, the majority of these being for open boats, over which
policies of insurance eeute no be effected. mein an insurance
company. 3 ;
CAMPBELTOWN DISTRICT.
Se Corapbeltown During last year one application from one person was ‘teceived
| district, for a loan of £31, 10s. which was declined. _
‘Since 1886, when the Crofters Act was. passed, no loans have
been granted in this district.
/
1886, was passed, fo 31st December 1889, together with the Tepayments, —
- the Board deemed it their duty, after fully inquiring into the cir- Proceedings
. ke) sy TT? ae eee ~ 20.0 . OP a aS
2k en aN eee Ay ua
‘ . nat sedi r
| Fishery Board for Scotland. lv
Appendix G, is a return showing the number of loans carried Number and
out in each Crofting Fishery District, the amount paid over, and Smount of
the total repayments since the Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act, pleted: 4atal
; and number
number and amount of loans in arrear.: | ‘nd ‘athount
From this return it will be seen that of instalments amounting of arrears. —
to £3420, 2s. 10d. which have fallen due, £2482, 6s. 2d. has been ee nae
paid and £937, 16s. 8d. is in arrear. In addition £56, 10s. 8d. |
was received, which was not due till 1890. 3
The Board greatly regret that there is such a large amount of Observations
arrears to be reported. While part of them are no doubt due to the een
poor fishing in certain districts last year, in some cases the Board
had reason to believe that the borrowers were in a position to pay
the instalments as they fell due, but did not do so. Consequently
cumstances of the defaulters, to take proceedings, although with Seen asainst
much regret, ayainst some of the persons in arrear for recovery of
the amounts due.
- PRODUCE AND VALUE OF THE SEA FISHERIES OF
_ SCOTLAND, EXCLUSIVE OF SALMON.
The following is a statement of the total quantity and value of Total
the different kinds of white and shell-fish landed in Scotland in @anuty
the year 1889, compared with 1888. fish landed.
Total quantities and values of White Fish White fish Be i
3 landed— , .
| landed.
Herrings, . 3,718,505 cwts., £716,445 0
~ Sprats, Ly teint Miah ete: Ta. 263 0
Mackerel, . 664. .,, 380 0
“Cod, 4G > BDO Oba >) .5 172,100 0
| Tea eee OY Se ol aula mae SP: 6
‘Torsk (Tusk), L402 3) 1,725" 0
Saithe (Coal Fish), 84,472 ,, =-11,987 0
~ Haddocks, . Toaprom a Gab, Ae
_ Whitings, . 69,6942, 23,786 0
Bera | Ss BO BaBS 20,472 0
‘Halibut, . 21,0944 5, ~ 18,496 0
Soles(Lemon |
0 Bolas), 300.1. (14,3914), 21,925 0
_ Flounders, Plaice, ”
and Brill, W427 0b. 5g) ois) 63,072»,
MOM PN sy ake ey ibid Oyo’ c; -95 8,552). 0
Skate, =. ~~ 450,087 __,, 10,875 0
White Fish, 87,3634 ,, ---16,389 0
oO COCO o eoooooeroeeceeo
--5589,238% cwts,
~ Gross total value of White Fish landed carried = Sea
forward, % : . . £1,454,175 » 0 0
iat Kory £6:
¥ 4 1 ) %
- 3
yt ok Pee! Oy NS i ‘i * ’ yy 3 ’
+o , ee % Lie as ie “yl T I sip L ‘ay ¥ el VA Bole et oR" y \ AG ‘. \ 3 ft a rd i: ie
iy GEE IEE ML EIR Meee FLL, SRA OEY, Ie OR Ek ee OE a 2 tray LADD a ne
Fe
Es
a
«
= ~
BA A ate ee
Shell fish
landed.
Total value of
Sea fisheries.
~ Quantity of
fish cured.
Se anit of
Secretary
for Scotland
lvi Highth Annual Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
Gross total value of White Fish landed brought
forward, £1,454,175 0 0
Total values of Shell Fish landed—
Oysters, £1,453 0 0
Mussels, LLOtieOu 0
Clams, 2,564 0 0
Lobsters, 24,449 0 O
Crabs, : 13,394.00 0
Other ade of Shell Fish, 96601: 0" “0
Gross total value of Shell Fish landed, 63,201 0 0
Gross Tora Value of the Sea Fisheries of
Scotland, exclusive of Salmon, for the
year 1889, ee i wi
£1,517,376 0 0
1,404,488 0 0
£112,888 0 0
Ditto for the year 1888,
Increase in year 1889 over 1888,
Note.—An estimate of the value of the Salmon taken last year will be found
in Part II. of this Report. It amounts to £221,560, making the grand
total value of the Sea and Salmon Fisheries of Scotland for the year 1889,
£1,738,936, Os. Od. It should also be explained that there is spent in Scotland
£400, 000 in connection with the gross total value of the sea fisheries in curing
fish, —that j is, on wood, hoops, coopers’ and women’s wages, salt, &e. Hitherto
this sum has been included in the total estimate of the fish landed.
Of the total quantity of herrings landed, as shown in the above
statement, 1,397,507 barrels were cured. Of the total catch of cod,
229,622 cwts. were cured dried, and in pickle; of ling, 93,474 cwts.
were cured dried ; of torsk, 9131 cwts.; and of saithe, 41 3354 ewts.
In concluding this Report, the Board desire to put on ronpel that
your Lordship having resolved to visit the North-West Coast of
to North West Scotland in the course of last summer, with the view of personally
i" * Coast.
Represen-
tatives of
Board on that
occasion.
them to do.
inspecting the harbour works in operation, the sites for new
harbours, and of considering the whole question of communications,
railway, telegraphic, and otherwise, in the interest of the fisheries,
directed that the Chairman of the Board and some of the other
members should accompany you.
The Board, at a special meeting held for the purpose, arranged
that Professor Ewart and Mr Anderson Smith, two of their number,
should go along with the Chairman to represent them on the occa-—
sion. Your Lordship having arranged to get H.M.S. ‘ Enchan-
tress, whose accommodation was limited, to take yourself and
party to the different places on the coast which you intended to
inspect, proposed that the members of the Board should take
the cruiser H.M.S. ‘Jackal’ for their accommodation. This pro-
posal was adopted, and they joined that vessel at Oban on 7th June,
and aecompanied the ‘ Enchantress’ with your Lordship and party
to the different places visited; and it was gratifying to them to
give you such information in the course of the inspection as their
knowledge of the fisheries and the wants of the fishermen enabled
oti? OF hed ew OP er a es
=
—_—- —_— —
- —
~ Shy ee :
=. —
=
APPENDICES.
sill a a eal
@
*
ee
™ —
APPENDIX A.
7
ee
= . | HERRING FISHERY.
a I.—Details, taken from the reports of the inspectors and district officers,
\ ae . regarding the herring fishefy of 1889, in each of the twenty-six
districts ‘into which the coasts of Scotland are divided for fishery
|i .. purposes, ‘. : > , ; 4
a c _ IL—Return of the number of vessels fitted out in Scotland for the
Be. herring fishery, in the year 1889; the districts from which
hy _. they were fitted out; the tonnage and the number of men ; the
aes quantity of netting, ‘salt, and empty barrels shipped, and. the
A : a number of barrels of white herrings cured on hoard ; distinguish-
he. ing those cured gutted from those cured ungutted, y
a. ua
i
he I11.—Return of the total number of barrels of white herrings cured or
salted in Scotland, on board of vessels and on shore, in the year
1889 ; and the districts in which they were taken and cured;
| 9 Ca distinguishing the herrings cured gutted from those cured un-
\ Tie gutted ; also the quantities of herrings cured as kippers, bloaters,
\ a anor red herrings ; ; or preserved i in tins, / ‘ ; :
ty Lv. —Return of the total number of patrols of white herrings branded
ites ‘in Scotland, in the year 1889, and of the brandings in each district,
A pad distinguishing the number of barrels branded Crown Full,
oe oki Maties, ee and P or mixed, and the amount of brand fees
He Ee ate or collected, ; ; x ‘ tees he a yy
ADs / wa ;
if jpeg cet, roe of the total number of barrels of white herrings exported
{ ee : from Scotland in the year 1889, and the districts from which ex-
ported ; distinguishing the export: to Ireland, to the Continent, and
1) Alp Oe AR Bia ite places out of Europe ; herrings crown branded from herrings
| ms this table is: appended a supplementary note, showing the ports
_ or places to which the herrings exported to the Continent were
pepped bey ‘che total quantity dod nae to the ee gag toons ,
ipa VI. << eealee eee: Hii total antity of white herrings cured,
AR Na branded, and exported, year ty year, in so far as brought under
amt the cognizance of the Fishery Officers, from lst January 1875 to 31st
| Be : ee December 1889 ; distinguishing the export to Ireland, to the
By typ Continent, and to places outof Europe, . ‘ ‘
ae ; A
i rl q : ; 7
‘ ; ; ‘ y
Ved oy ae t ‘ , : f
, ‘
ea was 8
ae
i G % ‘4 Praise fut af re aye 'o + Nae! rh 4 4 1 ay. 1 * t
a AMR a RL Ne Lis i Bio be we co kal ay Ran a?
-unbranded, and giving the quantity of herrings repacked. To
PAGE
24
25
26
29
i) ae eae te & ay a ae ew eer in Ee Ge ny Wine ay ep eee NL OL. a ee a SN Be a say gre r
he tae AE at ait SANs SSN GaN SOURED Cu ES Reg nr dR A, Cer Ye allie WR oe ke
ey : y 4 y d V: é Jf "sea | o y mn § Oe an Ye X aiie ; s
: , : . ‘ ‘ : : yet aE a whi f .
: j Le fn oe es oe w eke
dk. . t , 4, ' a Le me i
. ‘ : ohiy M. pee ay : 's 5 Ag a ay.
By 2 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
(i Prag.
VII.—List of Queries issued by the Board to the Scottish Fishcuring
Trade, in regard to standard barrels and half-barrels for packing,
shipping, or exporting cured white herrings, ‘ ‘ 30
a VIII.—Regulations made and established by the Board, under the pro-
BS | visions of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act, 1889, for the ©
be construction and branding of measures for buying, selling, de-
| livering or receiving fresh herrings in the Scottish herring fishery, 31
‘" APPENDIX B.
r COD AND LING FISHERY.
po I.—Details, taken from the reports of the inspectors and district fishery
officers, regarding the cod, ling, and hake fishery of 1889, 2 34
ee I1.—Return of the number of vessels fitted out in Scotland for the cod
ae and ling fishery, in the year 1889; the districts from which they
Bes is were fitted out; the tonnage of the vessels; and the number of
- men ; and the quantity of cod, ling, and hake cured on board ;
va . | distinguishing whether cured dried or cured in pickle, . : 36
ae I[I.—Return of the total quantity of cod, ling, and hake taken at the
a cod and ling fishery in Scotland by boats and vessels, and cured on |
a. shore, in the year 1889, and the districts in which they were
Ae cured; Saupe ogni the fish cured dried and the fish cured
ae in pickle, ; 5 ; : 36
a J[V.—Return of the total quantity of cod, ling, and fake taken, both
. by vessels and boats, at the cod and ling fishery in Scotland,
and cured, in the year 1889, and the districts in which they were
cured, distinguishing the fish cured dried and the fish cured in
pickle; i ; , i ‘ 37
_V.—Return of the total quantity of cod, ling, and hake exported tots
Scotland, in the year 1889 ; and "the districts from which they
were exported; distinguishing the export to Ireland, to the
Continent, and to places out of Europe ; and also whether cured
dried, or cured i in pickle, . ‘ . Avi oiee . 37
V1.—Abstract, showing the total quantity of cod, ling, and hake cured,
and exported, year by year, wm so far as brought under the
cognizance of the Fishery ficerts from lst J ANnaEy 1875 to
3lst December 1889, : 3 : : 38
APPENDIX C.
TOTAL QUANTITY OF FISH LANDED.
f A I.—Statement, by districts, of the total quantity and value of the different
ey kinds of white and shell fish landed in Scotland, in ihe soe"
1889, compared with 1888, : . 38A
II.—Statement, by districts, of the total quantity and value of the
different kinds of white fish taken by beam. trawl oe ee and gins
landed in Scotland, in the year 1889, .. 39
III.—Details, taken from the reports. of the inspectors and Aine fishery
| officers, of the total quantity and value of the different kinds of
Ue and shell fish landed in Scotland, in the year 1889. 40
» an el a eee ee eee eee rm vat wee
peer ee te oo ge i RE tits hae it a ’ ahh
‘ a ‘ ’ : F
} of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 3
PAGE
-» APPENDIX D.
FISHERY STATISTICS.
I.—Return of the number of boats, decked and undecked, drrespective
of the places to which they belong, employed in the herring
fishery in Scotland, in the season ‘of 1889, in a selected week
for each district ; with the number of fishermen and boys by
whom they were manned; of coopers, gutters, packers, and
labourers employed at the said fishery in the week so selected ;
and the total number of such fishermen and other persons so
employed, : ; ; ; . SOOT
II. —Return of the number and i of boats, decked and aiuigelehls
and beam trawl vessels, employed in the herring and ‘other
sea fisheries of Scotland, in the year 1889, with the districts to
which they belong ; the number of fishermen and boys by whom
they were manned; the number of fish-curers, coopers, and
other persons employed : with the estimated value of boats, beam
trawl vessels, nets, and lines, aa ; ; ; : 48
J11I.—Return of the number and tonnage of ae trawl vaaaake and boats,
_ employed in the sea fisheries of ‘Scotland, in the year 1889; with
the districts to which they belong ; the number of fishermen and
boys by whom manned; distinguishing steam trawlers from
sailing trawlers; with the estimated value of the vessels, nets,
and fishing material, , : A. : ; ‘ 49
-1V.—Return, by districts, of the tonnage of shipping, and of the number
of seamen engaged in the trade of the herring and cod and ling
fisheries of Scotland, in the year 1889; distinguishing those
employed in importing stave wood, hoops, "and salt ; ; In carrying
: herrings or codfish coastwise, or exporting them abroad; and
ae: distinguishing British from foreign tonnage and men, . > 50
V.—Abstract returns, showing the tonnage of vessels and number of
men; the tonnage of boats and number of fishermen and boys;
and the number of other persons employed in the herring, cod
and ling, and other sea fisheries of Scotland, in the year 1889, . 51
V1I.—Return, by districts, of the number of lives lost in connection with
the sea fisheries of Scotland, and the manner in which the
casualties happened ; the number of boats totally wrecked, and
7 value thereof ; the number of boats damaged, and amount of
damage; and the loss on nets and other ‘fishing cnr at
lost or damaged, in the year 1889, ; : ; 52
VIL.—AbstractReturn of proceedings i in Scotland with regard to the regis-
tration of fishing’ boats in the year 1889, under the Sea Fisheries
Acts of 1868 and 1883, and the Sea Fisheries (Scotland) Amend-
ment Act of 1885, and tapes ciel the districts in which these pro-
ceedings took place, : : 53
a oe ‘VIII. -—Retum, by fishing villages or creeks, for the coasts of aes of
oe _ the number of first, second, and third class fishing boats, beam-
trawl vessels, and resident fishermen and boys, in the year 1889, 54
- APPENDIX E. camp
g oh RETURN OF COMPLAINTS OF INJURIES DONE TO FISHING
on _ BOATS, AND OF PROSECUTIONS | AGAINST TRAWLERS,
2 /1—-Refarn, by districts, of complaints made to officers of the Fishery
Be Board, and investigated and reported on by them, of injuries
ee done by beam trawl vessels or other fishing boats to the boats,
ee ‘i phe lines, or gear of fishermen, i in the year 1889, and showing
ioe. the results in each case, . ? , ' ; . 66
. ae : “ee? e : a. » *
5 ee ‘ m aks! a te
i ih Biyiiae™ brs ep a Ts i ta
HA . bi " vee ph ry, A eS oe : AOR a te ee hk eu oe ho
- yy PREY ahs Gi i Pe ly Sy Oe Nee toe, Oe ee UR NTE Ae Oe ae OE Pf ae ee, gt
is a ‘ Nigh wad ON rN FF at i See Pater ae arte | A ie a i yi 5
. CGE OCG ae e i
4 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report : -
ee I1.—Return of prosecutions against beam trawl vessels in the year 1889,
BA for alleged infringement of the bye-laws of the Fishery Board, or
rr, the provisions of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act, 1889, pro-
ie hibiting beam trawling within certain waters round the coasts
a of Scotland ; and showing the results in each case, ‘ .
a ru
om , | APPENDIX F.
‘A
2 | HARBOUR WORKS AND TELEGRAPHIC EXTENSION.
I “es Account of receipt and expenditure by the Fishery Board for
“a Scotland, for building and repairing piers and harbours, and for
ea telegraphic extension to remote fishery districts in Scotland in-
‘fom the year 1889, F ; Wee : : E a
Ui: | :
Bs APPENDIX G.
LOANS TO FISHERMEN.
ae Statement showing the number of loans carried out in each crofting
ee fishery district, the amount paid over, and the total repayments,
eo . since the Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act, 1886, was passed,
Ri / to 31st December 1889 ; together with the number and amount
: ot loans in arrear, . ‘ : ; é d
»
&
“eae
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 5
APPENDIX A.—No. I.
HERRING FISHERY.—Details, taken from the reports of the
inspectors and district officers, regarding the herring fishery
of 1889, in each of the twenty-six districts into which the
coasts of Scotland are divided for fishery purposes, beginning
at the south with the seventeen on the East Coast. These
are—Kyemouth, Leith, Anstruther, Montrose, Stonehaven,
Aberdeen, Peterhead, Fraserburgh, Banff, Buckie, Findhorn,
_ Cromarty, Helmsdale, Lybster, Wick, Orkney Isles, and Shet-
land Isles.
I. EAST COAST HERRING FISHERY.
EYEMOUTH DISTRICT.
From Amble, in the county of Northumberland, to the east side of St Abb’s
Head, both inclusive, with Coquet Island, "Holy Island, and the Farne
Islands,
District Fishery Office—Berwick-on- Tweed.
Comparing the total catch of herrings in the district for 1889 with
that of the preceding year, there is exhibited an increase of 11,732 barrels
on the quantity cured, and 4500 crans on the quantity consumed fresh,
and contrasted with the average catch of the previous ten years the
quantities cured are almost identically the same, but a decrease of 8600
crans is presented on the quantity consumed fresh, which shows that the
year’s catch, though fair, is under the average of that the previous ten
years,
_. At Eyemouth and Berwick the early herring fishing nee in the middle |
of May. 28 boats were employed, and landed large quantities of herrings,
their average catch being 106 crans. The bulk of the fish, however,
were small and immature, and occasionally they sold as low as from 2s.
to 8s. per-cran, the average price being 14s. Several takes of very
inferior quality were sold for manure. The general herring fishing did
not begin until the last week in July, and it finally closed on 24th
‘September. The 312 boats employed averaged 173 crans, as against 141
-erans for 278 boats in the preceding year. Forty boats of the fleet came
from Cornwall, and a number from Firth of Forth ports. There were
‘Ae 234 herring boats. belonging to the district, 195 of which were engaged
in the. fishing, while 39 were not launched, as their owners preferred to
_ join with other crews, or follow the line or crab fisheries. A good general
“GabINS was obtained almost weekly until near the end of August, when
_the shoals of herrings left the coast, and only an insignificant quantity was
thereafter captured. The week ended 17th August produced the heaviest
-yield,—an average catch of 474} crans per boat being landed. The
highest gross catch for any boat. was 550 crans, and the lowest 30 crans.
There were a number of heavy takes, from 7 0 to 112 crans, brought
ashore, whilst an exceedingly large one of 145 crans was landed at Eye-
mS i - Mouth on 15th August, and another of 127 crans on the following day.
6 Appendices to Kighth Annual Report
The most productive stations were Berwick, Eyemouth, Craster, and North
. Sunderland, where the average catch per boat for the season was 250, 204,
or. 183, and 134 crans respectively. At the other five stations in the district
a; the average varied from 93 to 116 crans per boat. During the early |
: fishing, herrings were found everywhere on the inshore and distant fishing
= grounds on the coast between St Abb’s Head and Holy Island. There- (
after the most productive greunds were about 20 miles off Berwick, and §
from 5 to 12 miles off the Farne Islands, where also the best quality of
herrings was obtained. One half of the catch consisted of full herrings of
exceptionally large size. and superior quality, the . finest caught in the
district for many years past. The other half of the catch was, to a large 4
extent, matie herrings of inferior quality. About 500 crans of inferior
maties and torn bellies were scld in the district for manure. Prices varied
from 2s. to 25s. per cran; the average price for the district being 12s.
per cran, as compared with 10s, 6d. in 1888, and 9s. 6d. in 1887, Whilst
a number of crews had an unremunerative season, a large number did fairly
well. Although the boats were kept ashore on several nights by bad
weather, the season on the whole was favourable for prosecuting the
fishing, and it is gratifying to note’ that no lives were lost, and but little
damage was sustained by any of the boats. About 1000 nets, worth
fally £1900, were lost, or irreparably damaged, chiefly by weight of
herrings. Four steam tugs were employed part of the season towing
boats to and from the fishing ground, against 5 in 1888, and 8 in 1887...
ee ae a ee Se oe
- —— i oa
a re = .
= ot
> —
4-5
;
>
i
rf
a!
il)
¢
:
HP
we
i
|
{
iF
+
y
—
sb Bein
SS
iva =
~~
Leu District,
From the west side of St Abb’s Head, inclusive, westwards, and: including ‘all
the south side of the Firth. of Forth ; and its nemhitigs to Buckhayen
exclusive, : atisiRatn
Dastrict Fishery Office Newhaven. Bikey I
~ There is both a summer and a winter herring fishing in Leith dietidee.
The summer fishing began on 8th July, and was proseciited more or less
steadily till the 7th September. The fishermen, having no arrangement
with curers or buyers for delivery of their catches, readily removed from
port to port, as indications of herrings: were reported. The number of
boats employed, therefore, varied from’ ten up to fifty, while the average
number was forty. The total produce of this fishing was only 2955 crans,
compared with 8410 crans for the previous year. ‘The ‘average weekly
catches Per boat, Peptiinn® with the week ended 13th July, were, 7, 184,
LT, 194, 164, 201 +, 24, and 4 crans respectively; and the average “cageh
per boat for the season was 73% crans, compared with 120 crans in’ 1888,
An unusually heavy take of 1052 erans was landed at Dunbar on! 9th
August. The fishing grounds extended from to 2 to 40 miles off’ the coast,
herrings being scarce on all the grounds throughout the season: ‘The
bulk of the catch was disposed of for consumption in a fresh state, only ‘a
small quantity being cured. The principal fishing stations were Dunbar
and Newhaven. Besides the boats employed ‘in the district, a much
larger number belonging to it prosecuted the herring fishing off the Trish
coasts, on the west and east coasts of Scotland, and on the east sri of
England.
The winter and spring herring fishing was vidsoauted ditvins the ahaits
of January, February, and March, and November and December. It was
followed with fair success by about 100 boats, the total catch amounting
‘to 7023 crans. The most successful months were January, February, and
tg Ree , | Be ; vas
7 ’ a7 7
ih 4 ats & POAT PO RM fg MOL ey ets A
' -
! LS IBS vg! AS Ky
aes Danial Sava (Ga as EE RR RI Te) We la i en ee
of the Fishery Bowrd for Scotland, 7
-March—the’ herrings being caught chiefly between Queensferry and. west-
ward of Inchkeith, and between Dunbar and May Island. No fish
appeared in the vicinity of torpedo minefield, west ve Inchkeith, which
is coca sh off permanently by buoys.
The gross total catch of both the summer ded winter’ fishings alice’
to 9944 crans, as compared with 17,160 crans in 1888. The method
of fishing followed was almost wholly that of drift nets. During the year
two fishermen were eye by falling aro at sea.
_ ANSTRUTHER DISTRICT,
From Buckhaven to the south side of Tay, both inclusive.
District Fishery Office Anstruther.
) There is. both a summer and. winter herring fishing in ‘Ayattnther
district. The summer fishing opened early in July and closed in the first
_ week in September. | The average number of boats employed was 26, and
the total catch amounted to 3328 crans, being an average of 128. crans per
boat. The most productive week was that ended 27th July—the quality
of the fish being also best at that period. During the remainder of the
season, maties and spent fish were most abundant. Prices varied from
4s. to 28s. per cran, averaging Ils., being equal to the average cf. the
previous three years. ‘The principal fishing grounds lay. from 20..to
40 miles eastward of the May Island, but some fair takes were landed
towards the end of the season, at the entrance to the Firth of Forth, and
off Dunbar. There were 438 boats fitted out for the summer. herring
fishing in, the district, of which about 100 fished from Shields,, aay the
remainder from the district. and other east coast ports. .
‘The winter herring fishing is the most important in this Teel sits
prosecuted by 169 boats: From. 1st January till 31st) March the: catch
amounted to 19,758 erans, and in December to 311 crans, making a total
of 20,069 crans for the season, being 6208 crans less thanin 1888. Prices |
being low, many crews combined the great line fishing with the herring
fishing, but confined their attention chiefly to the former. The quality of
the herrings was equal to previous years. The general prices obtained ranged
from 6s. to 15s. per cran, the average being Ls. per cran, the same as for
the summer herrings. Part of the catch was cured ungutted and sent to
Ireland, 216 crans were. kippered, 2568 crans bloated, and the remainder
sent to market fresh or lightly salted. The fishing ground was principally
-» at the entrance to the Firth of Forth, the heaviest takes coming from the
spawning ground. lying between the: May Island and Fifeness. The
‘fishing was ‘frequently interrupted se cht pas epson th and. ithiedé: was a
hare deal: ‘of aire a8 to netting. Tx gi nidyc
au ith: 6, ag &: eat | eciae LO
rresyty rz} “+ on cyt : Aawes FAS
193 Mi « AY Ns) iv +e CMG ' 3 4a A
XX
sued BY ai aa Lip “Moxnnose Disracn,
a
eC UM) eee i ipa La ii : t
bh =e Die es - 4
eT a A
aligest aid eee. the north side of Tay as Bervie oth inclusive Ley
spt oe b teil): ah Distr act 1 Fishery Office Montross: (>.
phe: summet nati fishing ‘was eet Bye, few bode siaating the sia
“ended 6th and 13th J uly; but it did not become general until the week
7
art x
; ‘ "on ; ft ig bi
' d ‘ *s , : . ‘/ ; ‘ i Ss
iia t as eye h4 he dey 2 SR en a, Pe oe Sa. ae ek OPO, Si ee pe ge ee ee
ie a ee
i
“a 8 ! Appendices to Highth Annual Report
ended 20th July. It was brought to a ality on 7th September, after
which date only 33 crans were landed in the district, The fishing was
ey more successful than in 1888, but the quality of the herrings was
‘oi inferior, the proportion of maties or small fish- being greater, and the
Bess - proportion of large full fish less than in that year, “while the quantity
se of spent herrings was not so great. A fleet of 156 boats were
BS | employed during the season, as compared with 126 in 1888, of which
ae 150 belonged to the district, 4 to Anstruther, and 2 to Leith, and of these
, 39 fished from Gourdon, 13 from Johnshaven, 83 from Montrose, 19
i from Arbroath, and 2 from Broughty Ferry and Dundee. The whole
| ficet, excepting 6 boats, were engaged to curers, the average price
per cran for the season being about 13s. 6d., as against 12s. 8d. in 1888.
pss The herrings were caught chiefly on the fishing grounds between Arbroath
ee and Gourdon, and at distances of from 10 to 38 miles from land. During
7 nights of the season most of the boats were prevented from going to
sea by rough weather. The total catch of herrings was 37,452 crans, and
the average per boat 240 crans, as compared with 24,065 and 190# crans
respectively in 1888. The average gross takes per boat landed ‘at the
several stations were :—Gourdon, 155 crans ; Johnshaven, 149; Montrose,
248; Arbroath, 218%; and Broughty Ferry and Dundee, 1664 crans.
The average weekly catch, per boat, for the nine weeks the ee i in
operation, beginning 13th July, was 7, 314, 35, 394, 314, 484, 24,94,
B and 54 crans respectively. The heaviest fishing was landed +f the week
“¢ ended 17th August, when the average was 484 crans per boat. During
¥ that week there were many takes ranging from 70 to 90 crans,—the
é largest individual takes being landed on the 15th and 16th August, one
a of 116 crans at Montrose, and the other at Arbroath of 106 crans. The
oe most successful boat caught 360 crans for the season, and the least success-
‘ ful 47 crans.
The winter and spring herring fishing of the district was attended sdiah
little better success than in 1888 ; the total catch being only 713 crans,
or an increase of 171 crans, compared with 1888, The prices varied
greatly, ranging from 2s. to 30s. percran. The total catch of herrings for
1889 was 38,165 crans against 24,607 crans for 1888.
STONEHAVEN DISTRICT.
From Bervie, exclusive, to Skateraw, inclusive.
District Fishery Office—Stonehaven.
In Stonehaven district the summer herring fishing opened on Ist July
—a fortnight earlier than in the previous year—and closed on 6th
September. Until the 9th of July, it was prosecuted only to a limited
extent, as the herrings landed before that date were of a very inferior
quality, for which there was little demand. Thereafter, till 17th August,
it was carried on with fair success, the weekly eb per boat for the
six weeks embraced in that period being 20, 324, 15, 35, 224, and 24
crans respectively. During the remainder of the season the results
generally were unsatisfactory, only 1495 crans being landed, 807 crans
of which were captured on 3rd September. Nearly all that day’s catch,
however, consisted of spent fish. The most productive week was that
ended 3rd August.. The aggregate catch for the season amounted to
14,736 crans, against 16,050 crans in 1888. There were 68 boats
‘Eu yw ve > ale ell ars es me Th PS) Hye PA Cte A etic at) ’ - ,
ea og ata aaR OE aS COS a ik ch alk Mia a a t
Lay "aa , 7" \ , as : ; "
7 % - ,. L a 4
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 9
employed, being 2 less thanin the preceding year. The highest total take
of any boat was about 340 crans, and the lowest 50 crans. The largest
d single take was 70 crans, and the highest total daily take, amounting to
r 816 crans, was landed on 19th July. The fishing grounds extended from
a 3 miles to 41 miles offshore, but very few herrings were canght beyond
30. miles. The most productive grounds lay from 3 to 12 miles distant,
between Stonehaven and Bervie. From 24th July to 3rd August the
herrings were of good quality, but during the rest of the season the takes
consisted largely of maties. The full and spent fish were guvod, but a fis,
i - considerable proportion of the maties were small inferior fish. Nineteen AS
) boats were engaged to deliver their fish to curers at fixed prices, the big:
tT herrings caught by the remainder of the boats being sold by auction, at Ds.
= prices ranging from 3s. 3d, to 23s. 6d. per cran. The average price i
a realised over the whole fleet was abont 12s. per cran. The weather, on | i
ep . the whole, was favourable, and the boats were at sea 44 nights. Seven ae
a nights were stormy, or threatening, and all the boats remained in oe
harbour. » Seam
| | The winter and spring fishing was attended with average success. It ae
7 yielded a total of 1143 crans, as compared with 965 crans in 1888. a
a These herrings were nearly all sent to market for consumption fresh, Aa
, prices ranging from 6s. 6d. to 60s. per cran. One fisherman was unfortu- ae
a \ nately drowned on 27th April. Boats, nets, and lines of the value of i
q £429 were lost and damaged during the year. There were 64 herring
. boats belonging to the district, as compared with 62 in the previous year.
= | ABERDEEN DISTRICT.
From Skateraw, exclusive, to Aberdeen, inclusive.
| a Lavi Se - District Fishery Office—A berdeen.
_ The summer herring fishing of the Aberdeen district began in the first
fe week of July, being earlier than usual, and closed on 7th September.
- The fleet numbered 408 boats, comprising 400 Scottish and 8 English,
* against 389 Scottish, 33 English, and 8 Isle of Man, in 1888, show-
ing a decrease of 22 boats for the year. The chief fishing grounds
lay from 5 to 60 miles offshore, extending 8$.S.E. to E.N.E. from Aber-
deen, but the most productive lay inshore, distant 5 to 20 miles from
land, Herrings were abundant, and the fishing was general. The total
quantity landed was the highest on record, amounting to 105,745 crans,
against 71,205 crans in 1888. The average per boat was 259 crans,
against 1655 crans in 1888. July yielded 43,596 crans, August 43,576
rans, and September 5170 crans. The most productive week was that
; ended 27th July, with a catch of 16,557 crans, as against 18,724 crans
for the best week of 1888, which ended 28th July. The highest single
take was 146} crans, and the most successful boat of the season landed
fully 700 crans. It being mainly an inshore fishing, the herrings were
‘generally landed in good condition. The quality of the fulls was
excellent, of the spents good, and of the maties inferior. Sixteen crews
\
Ws Nar Ue ardy , “< \ Pais: P - ! tx
r] wd x 7 > a - n aa
Sanayi aaah the ae ee feat Anes os i Nagi Dobie ne it a | re Ag Eo ye . a ot 2" at.» Uris
CR a TL b Masih ae SS ani Pe tal et I Td PP Mor sauueh BSA ER Ata eto tS sae Ch Bali Bava a
= at
Fe Tee ee er ee
t,
.
10 Appendices to Lighth Annual Report
cured was 132,968 barrels, showing an increase of 31,091 barrels over
1888. The weather was favourable for thé regular prosecution of fishing.
One fisherman was unfortunately drowned in the harbour at night by
falling overboard. No boats were wrecked, and the damage sustained
was slight. By a severe gale which came on suddenly from the N.W. on
the night of 20th August, nets valued at about £1200 were lost and
dainaged, but, apart from this, the loss sustained amounted to about
£246.
The winter, spring, and early herring fishing only yielded 1666 crans,—
making the total catch of the year 107,411 crans.
PETERHEAD DISTRICT,
From Aberdeen to Rattray Head, both exclusive.
strict Fishery Office—Peterhead.
The summer fishing of 1889 was commenced at an earlier date than
usual. Towards the end of June from 60 to 70 boats were engaged in
the prosecution of this fishing, and on the last days of the month curing
for the Continental markets had begun. Fully one half of the season’s
catch was landed by the end of July. There were 506 boats employed,
of which 2 fished from Port Erroll, 54 from Boddam, and 450 from Peter-
head. Of these, 264 belonged to the district. For the number of boats
employed, the catch was the highest on record. At Port Erroll the
average catch for each boat during the season was 270, Boddam 158},
and Peterhead 285 craus, or an average of 2714 crans for each boat.
The most successful boat landed upwards of 700 crans, and a number
from 200 to 500, but there were some that did not reach 100. The
largest single take was 1464 crans, but takes of from 100 to 126 were
frequently landed during the season. The highest ascertainable earnings
of one boat amounted to £416, a number had from £200 to £300, but
there were some that barely earned as much as would pay expenses.
The weeks ended 13th July and 17th August were the most successful of
the season, the catch landed giving an average of fully 48 crans over the
whole fleet for each of these weeks. The highest daily average was
reached on 12th July, when 266 boats had an average of about 39 crans
each, but the largest catch was landed on the 23rd J uly, when 380 boats
had an average of 25 crans. Almost the whole of the season’s catch was
got on the inshore grounds at a distance of from 1 to 25 miles from land,
‘A large proportion of the fish consisted of small immature herrings, which
was largely owing to the early commencement of the fishing. The price
per cran ranged from 3s. 9d, to 23s., according to the quality and the
quantity landed. ‘The weather during the season was remarkably good, there
being only one night on which the whole fleet remained in harbour, On
the 25th of July a hired man belonging to Lochinver, Sutherlandshire, fell
overboard, and was drowned, being the only loss of life during the year.
A considerable quantity of netting was lost by sinking with weight of
fish, and fouling on the inshore grounds. Several boats sustained
damage. One vessel was employed in the deep-sea fishing, and succeeded
fairly well.
From 20 to 30 boats were engaged in the winter herring fishing, and
landed during the months of January and February close on 2000 crans,
the most of which were prepared as kippers. The total quantity of
herrings cured during the year amounted to 228,933 barrels, against
128,571 in 1888.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 11
: FRASERBURGH DISTRICT.
a | From Rattray Head, inclusive, to Troup Head, exclusive.
3 District Fishery Office—Fraserburgh.
:
y The herring fishing of 1889 commenced on 25th June, but did not
‘ become general before the 10th July. It was regularly prosecuted till
oy 7th September when it practically closed, although a few boats continued
i to fish for a week longer. The fleet numbered 750 boats, of which 258
4 belonged to this district—7 boats fishing from Rosehearty, 20 from
“a Pittulie, and 723 from Fraserburgh—showing an increase of 48 over the
| preceding year. Thirteen boats were engaged to curers at 12s. per cran
nm for 100 crans after 20th July, and 14s. after completion of that contract.
| : With this exception the herrings were disposed of privately or by auction.
fe Prices varied from 7s. to 24s. per cran, according to quality and time of
delivery. At Rosehearty the average catch for each boat during the
season was 190 ecrans, at Pittulie 195, and at Fraserburgh 240, rhiteh
gave a total catch of 203,421 crans, or an average of 271 erans per boat.
The most successful boat landed about 700 erans, 301 of which were
delivered in three consecutive takes. The lowest aggregate catch was 94,
but a large number of boats secured from 300 to 500 crans. The price
; per cran averaged about 14s. The largest single take was 1154 craus,
but takes of 80 to 110 crans were often brought ashore. The weeks
ended 13th and 20th July, 3rd and 17th August, and 7th September
f were the most productive,—the averages being 501, 28, 25, 46, and 55
t crans respectively. Early in the season the fishing was prosecuted from
a 20 to 40 miles N.E. of Fraserburgh, but the bulk of the catch was taken
_ within 18 miles of the land. The proportion of ‘fulls’ was under
5 that of last year, but the quality proved much superior, the fish being
| aa unusually large and well developed, varying in size from 610 to 749 to
oe the barrel. Spents were equal to former years, but in many cases maties
ay were inferior, particularly those of 27th August and 3rd September. The
i loss of netting sustained by fouling, weicht of fish meshed, and stress of
. weather was estimated at £4110. The total quantity of herrings cured
7 was 308,121 barrels, of which 294,558 were cured gutted, 1719 crans
oP were sent fresh or lightly salted to market, 11,452 crans were kippered or
a preserved in tins, and 255 made into reds ; 6750 crans were also disposed
ie of for consumption fresh in the district, ‘and 7252 crans sent to other
j
‘
oo a eel
A tee
a places. These figures exhibit a total increase of 137,521 barrels cured,
and 6238 crans consumed fresh over that. of 1888.
| The winter and spring fishing was unsuccessful, and yielded only 851
a rans, part of which was used for baiting long lines, the remainder being
Basis” made into kippers or sent fresh to market, Prices greatly varied, ranging
i ! from 12s. to 40s. per cran, showing an ayerage of about 22s. per eran.
| One fishing smack was totally wrecked, and 35 boats sustained damage
— amounting to £420. Fortunately there was no loss of life in connection
with the fishing this season, and only 7 fishing nights were lost by stormy
weather. ae
ee g hahlely ber dais BaNFF. DISTRICT.
From Troup Head, inclusive, to Cullen, exclusive.
District Fishery Office—- Macduff.
~The summer - herring fishing in Banff district for 1889, unlike the short
season of 1888, extended over a period of eight weeks, It began on 8th
12 Appendices to Kighth, Annual Report
July, and closed on 3rd September, with a total catch of 22,730 crans,
or an average of 181# crans to each of 125 boats employed. The total
catch in 1888 was 17,027 crans, showing an increase in favour of the
present year of 5703 crans, and of 454 crans in the average per boat.
The fishing was much more regular than in the previous year,—the takes
being more equally distributed over the fleet and a larger number of boats
having an aggregate catch of 200 crans and upwards. ‘The most success-
ful boat landed a total of 430 crans, and the least successful 90 crans.
The number of first class herring boats belonging to the district was 243,
being 7 less than in the previous year, and of these 4 were disposed of to
fishermen in other districts, and 3 not used, as unseaworthy. The most
successful week was that ended 3rd August, when an average catch of
38 crans per boat was landed. The fishing ground extended over an
area of from 2 to 20 miles from land along the coast of the district, but
the majority of the takes landed were got at a distance of from 7 to 12
miles offshore. Very little was done on the inshore grounds—so pro-
ductive in former years. The quality of the herrings was decidedly
inferior to that of any previous year since 1884. Besides an unusual
proportion of maties landed, there were also taken, towards the close of
the season, quantities of soft tender fish, which are so liable to burst
during the process of cure. One peculiarity of the season was the large
quantity of small immature herrings landed. Stormy weather prevented
the boats from getting to sea on 8 nights of the season. Three fishermen
_ were drowned, and 7 boats were partially damaged; but owing to the
absence of an inshore fishing, there was no crowding on the fishing
ground, and the damage to netting was extremely small. ‘The price of
herrings varied from 2s. to 20s. 6d. per cran, the average price being
10s. 6d. per cran, against 15s. per cran in 1888.
The winter herring fishing was a complete failure. The early fishing ©
yielded a total of 2827 crans, being an increase over that of last year of
897 crans, and with the exception of a few crans kippered daily, the
whole of these were sold for consumption in a fresh or lightly salted
condition. .
BuckIE DISTRICT. |
From Cullen to east side of Spey, both inclusive.
District Fishery Office—Buckie.
Buckie had 724 boats in 1889, being 35 fewer than in the previous
year. Of these, 143 first class boats prosecuted the summer herring fish-
ing in the district—25 from Cullen, 2 from Portknockie, 30 from Findochty,
80 from Buckie, and 6 from Portgordon,—being an increase of 43 boats
over 1888. The season opened on 10th July and closed on 7th September.
Very few herrings were caught on the inshore grounds, the chief fishing
ground being from 15 to 35 miles north east of Buckie, while the average
quality of the herrings was much below the previous season. The most
successful week was that ended on the 3rd of August, which yielded an
average of 44 crans per boat,—the weekly average thereafter ranging from
11 to 27 crans. The highest average catch per boat, 244 crans, was
obtained at Buckie, and the lowest, 110 crans, at Portgordon,—the
average for the whole fleet being 212 crans, against 214 in 1888. The
average price obtained per cran was about 8s., which was considerably
under that of the previous year. Of the herrings landed from January to
\
-
1 ' ; Sry ay Gaeta iis ee
to ; si 4 ? ‘ a ‘ ee ria, ee, wt is har Eby A OT oe tS ee
Dt i ‘ oe hah er : Piodebih ae Me GNEe ABYSS, Ae i al bed Sook 8
2 " METerE) av | J ee a SS aS SL ee ee Rae Pe re iN ven! ot tp dala Be i eh ey . Ais ¥
ee ere oe ee Ae a ee a Ea Teer ey at Pen re APY yh
; . ar . . ay.
’ ‘
i
5 of the Fishery Bourd for Scotland. 13
December, both inclusive, 40,130 barrels were cured for exportation, and
- 7792 barrels cured ungutted, or as kippers and bloaters,—the total
numbering 47,922 barrels,—or an increase of 16,882 barrels over 1888.
The weather was fairly good, with the exception of the week ended 24th
August, when the boats were only able to go to sea on one night.
The winter fishing commenced on 3rd January and closed at the end of
February, the total “catch being 3661 crans,—an increase of 1091 crans
over 1888. The chief fishing ground was off Troup Head, but several
takes were brought from Orkney. Prices ranged from 14s, to 42s. per
cran, the average obtained being about 18s. The herrings were cured as
kippers and bloaters, or roused, for the English markets. In the course
of the year 6 fishermen lost their lives at sea; 3 boats were totally
wrecked, and 6 damaged,—the loss together, with ‘that on nets and lines,
amounting to £2109
FINDHORN DISTRICT.
From west side of Spey to south side of Kessock Ferry, both inclusive.
Mstrict Fishery Office—Burghead.
The summer herring fishing which commenced on 9th July and closed
on 3lst August was prosecuted by 104 boats, 46 of which fished from
Lossiemouth, 20 from Hopeman, and 38 from Burghead. The average
catch per boat was 198 crans, against 140 crans in 1888. The most pro-
ductive week of the season was that ended 20th July which yielded 3985
crans. The largest single take was 78 crans, and the highest aggregate
b catch of any one boat 320 crans. The general fishing ground was from | of |
; 5 to 7 miles south-east of Tarbetness. The herrings were of very inferior i
: quality all through the season, only a small portion being full fish. None ls. ea
of the boats were engaged to curers, the fishermen selling their fish daily. ne f
Prices ranged from 5s. to 14s. per cran, the ‘average price being 8s. 6d. ay
The total quantity of herrings cured was 30,205 barrels, being 7613 oe ||
barrels more than in 1888. The weather was remarkably fine throughout | :
_ the season, the boats getting regularly to sea.
The winter herring fishing yielded 1411 crans, as compared with 1361
crans in 1888. Prices ranged from 5s. to 25s. per cran,—413 crans being
prepared as bloaters, and the remainder sent to market fresh. The “ell
| number of boats belonging to the district is 398, being a decrease of 15 di
: 7 as compared with the preceding year. No lives’ were lost in connection | bees ?
fe ‘with the fisheries, but 2 boats were totally wrecked, and 10 damaged. a
! | The total loss on boats, nets, and lines was £1601.
CROMARTY DISTRICT. | ‘ ee
oe north side’of Kessock Ferry to south side of Meikle Ferry, ‘hi
a both aie antey fin eh
ig Sees | District Fishery Office —Geamarty en
In Cromarty district there are 189 herring boats, but of these only 44 ie
were employed in the district, viz., 40 at Portmahomack, 2 at Cromarty, ae
and 2 at other stations, the remainder having removed to other places a
on the east, coast during the fishing season. At Portmahomack—the ie
AL "ty: i ; SS aan ia mS ! ] 4 Ra? f : <
oe ee, M hy eh Wk . were
Sey Cer CAE RTS) eR re ety lle hi We Cink aha! Pe Sa em oka a oe ca va’ 5's ears
aT ee
Sa" So
‘. —. as YS oe ee 2 CLS. ee
has Sai, a Sipe ee Bt Se
14 — Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
enly station in the district where herrings were cured last year—the
fishing commenced on 16th July and ended on 31st August. The most
productive weeks of the season were those ended 27th July, 3rd, 10th,
and 17th August. The principal fishing ground was in the vicinity and
a few miles south-east of Tarbatness, and the average catch for the 40
boats employed was 121 crans, against 83 crans in 1888,—the total catch
for the season being 4854 crans, as compared with 2984 ecrans in 1888.
The quality of the fish for curing purposes was very disappointing during
the whole season, not much over one-seventh of the total catch being
full fish, and the remainder chiefly maties. The Portmahomack boats
were almost all engaged at 12s. to 13s. per cran, and the total catch would
average about 12s. per eran. There were about 400 craus landed at
Cromarty during the season, but these were all used in a fresh state.
The weather was very favourable for fishing.
The winter herring fishing was prosecuted to a limited extent at Port-
mahomack and Cromarty during the months of January, February, and
March, and again in November ‘and December, principally for the purpose
of getting bait for long lines—the total catch only amounting to 372
crans, valued at £191.
HELMSDALE DISTRICT.
From north side of Meikle Ferry to Dunbeath, both inclusive.
District Fishery Office—Helmsdale.
The summer herring fishing of 1889 was prosecuted by 122 boats, of
which 113 fished from. Helmsdale and 9 from Dunbeath,—being an in-
crease of 24 boats over the previous year. Ninety-three of these belonged
to the district and 29 to adjacent districts, viz., Wick, Banff, and
Inverness. The season opened very favourably on the 10th of J uly, but
was not in full operation until the 22nd, the low prices offered keeping
the fishermen from the fishing until the 18th July, when the Helmsdale
boats were engaged to curers at prices ranging. from lls. 6d. to 14s. per
cran, for a complement of 200 crans, or for a period of seven weeks.
Having regard to the prices paid before the 18th of July, which ranged
from 2s. to 8s. per cran, and to those paid unengaged boats belonging to
other districts, which varied from 5s. to 17s. 6d. per cran, the average
price was 12s. per cran. The bulk of the season’s catch was taken from
2 to 5 miles offshore, the average for the first 3 days being, 18, 14,
and 20 crans respectively. The fishing throughout was very regular and
productive, there being no blanks until the 3rd of August, when the
average for the district was 111 crans. The most successful week was
that ended 3rd August. The largest single take was 934 crans, the
highest gross catch 320 crans, and the lowest 40 crans. From the 3rd till
- the 16th of August, when the season closed, the fishing was very irregular,
and the quality of the fish inferior. With the exception of one night,
the weather was fayourable for fishing. The total quantity of herrings
cured was 30,248 barrels, against 22,958 in the previous year. There
was no loss of life nor damage to boats, and the loss of nets, caused
chiefly by fouling, amounted to only about £150.
The winter and spring fishing, which was carried ‘on between Ist
January and the end of April, was prosecuted by 12 boats,—the same
number as in 1888. The season was more productive than the previous
oue, 630 crans being landed, against 282 crans in 1888. Forty-two crans
“4 of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 15
were made up as bloaters, and the remainder sent to market in a fresh
‘a state.
| LysstER DISTRICT.
From Dunbeath, exclusive, to East Clyth, inclusive.
strict Fishery Office-—Lypbster.
The summer herring fishing of 1889 commenced on the 2nd of July,
but did not become general until the 16th of that month, and was con-
tinued until the end of August. Seventy boats were employed in the
district, 43 of which were engaged to curers at fixed rates per cran, and
the others sold their fish daily at current prices. The average price for
the season was about 1ls.'6d. per cran for all the fish landed. The total
catch for the season was 11,625 crans, of which 7270 crans were landed
in July, and 4355 crans in August. The average catch per boat was 166
crans, being the highest average catch on record in this district. The
most successful period of the season was the week ending the 20th of
July when 4253 crans were landed by 46 boats employed. On the
17th and 18th July several single takes of 80 to L100 crans were landed,
and one boat had 150 crans of fine large herrings at one take. The
highest total catch by any boat was 360 crans for the season. Others
had from 250 to 350 crans, while one boat landed only 35 crans during the
season. The quality of the fish in July was fairly good, but in August a
very large proportion of the catch were the smallest in size, and the
poorest in quality ever landed here. About one-fourth of the catch were
fine large full fish, and rich in flavour. Spent fish were observed as early
as the 17th of July, and more or less of them were landed up to the close
of the season. The quantity of herrings cured gutted was 13,939 barrels,
the quantity exported 13,1524 barrels, and branded 3929 barrels,—being
an increase over last year of 6511 barrels cured, and of 5968 barrels
exported, but a decrease of 5214 barrels branded.
The winter herring season had a fair degree of success in January when
349 craus of herrings were landed. Prices opened at 40s. a cran, but
~ rapidly fell to 12s., and afterwards to 5s. 6d. The weather was stormy
in. February and March. Few herrings were then to be found on the
coast, and the season closed with March having yielded a catch of 500
erans of herrings valued at £425. Of the 500 crans caught, 120 barrels
were cured gutted and shipped to the Continent wid Wick.
There was no loss of life in this district during the year, but 2 boats
at Latheronwheel were damaged to the extent of £10, and the loss and
damage to nets and lines during the year was £790.
MeN eT OS
-
eee ee ee:
J
.S - *
WICK DISTRICT.
From Fast SER aabnnives to ms Wrath, inclusive, including the Island
hie _.. of Stroma, in the Pentland Firth.
eT Se ee ee
X
District Fishery Office-—W ick.
mitt a2
: ~The summer herring fishing of 1889 was prosecuted by 442 boats, of
which 402 fished at Wick, 17 at Ramsgoe, Boathaven, Elzie, and Staxigoe,
‘11 at Keiss, and 12 at Scrabster, being an increase of 12 boats as com-
pared with the number fishing in 1888. Of these boats, 345 belonged to
the district, as Se aay with 348 in 1888. The fishing commenced at
~
‘ > -
16 Appendices to Bighth Annual Report
Scrabster on 2nd May, where it was continued till 26th July, the large |
catch of 16,000 crans having been landed there during that time by a
fleet varying from 40 to 100 boats. Two-thirds of the catch was cured
and shipped to the Continent, and the average price to fishermen was 14s.
per cran. The fishing commenced at Wick on 25th June, and was con-
tinued till 5th September, the total catch of herrings in that time being
76,412 crans, giving a gross catch for the district of 92,412 crans, being
an average of 172# crans for the 442 boats employed, against 1974 crans
for 432 boats in the previous year. The boats were 53 nights at sea, and
only on one night were they obliged to remain ashore by reason of stormy
weather. During the middle of August a limited number of the boats went
to the offshore fishing ground, from 25 to 30 miles distant, and from which
they landed fair takes of herrings, but the great bulk of the season’s catch
was got-on the inshore ground at from 2 to 8 miles off the shore. In July
the herrings were of good quality, from one-third to one-half of the
catch -being full fish, but during the remainder of the season they were
very inferior,—nine-tenths of. the catch being small and spent fish. The
proportion of full herrings for the season was not more than a sixth of —
the gross catch. The highest single take was 130 crans, but takes vary-
ing from 100 to 129 crans were frequently landed. The largest gross
catch for the season by any one boat was 600 crans; a number of other
boats landed from 400 to 500 crans each, and a large proportion from 200
to 300 crans, but a number did not take 100 crans, and a few were as
low as from 30 to 40 crans. The total quantity of herrings cured was
151,273 barrels, being an increase of 37,567’ barrels over the total for
1888. About 160 boats were engaged to curers at from 10s. to 15s. per
cran. The herrings caught by the remainder of the boats were sold by
auction at prices varying from 6s. to 18s. per cran. The average price
realised over the whole fleet was about 12s. per cran. Nine lives were
lost,—eight through a boat being swamped, and 1 by being knocked
overboard by a sail. Five boats were totally lost, and 12 were damaged,
causing a total loss of £694. The loss sustained through the sinking of
nets by the weight of herrings meshed, and by accidental fouling, was
large, amounting to £2880.
The winter herring fishing of 1889 was attended with average success,
the total catch being 6667 crans,—an increase of 2071 crans over the
winter catch of 1888. The average price paid to the fishermen was 12s.
per cran,—making the total value £4000. The bulk of the catch was
kippered, a small quantity cured gutted, and the remainder sent to market
in a lightly salted state.
ORKNEY DISTRICT.
The Orkney Islands ; and Swona in the Pentland Firth, —
District Fishery Office—Kirkwall.
The early herring fishing began at Stromness on 20th June, and closed
on 20th July,—74 boats being employed, of which 72 were engaged to |
curers at 12s. per cran. The average catch was 80 crans, largest gross
take 1903 crans, and lowest 25. The quality of the fish was good,—47
marks per barrel being obtained for the first consignments of the best
selection and cure. Towards the middle of July prices lowered consider-
ably, owing to large quantities being sent at that time to the Continent
from other districts.
The general herring fishing began on the 23rd i uly, and terminated on
'
x a
4
< * r
S tice k 4) 2. ae ee Ee es ‘ee? SP ee Oe ue te Aree 3 yal’ ane ng wine Gr as Daa pial
wes
ae oe Oe, Te ee
eo doa
Xf Ee,
Cl ace as
oat
>
ae
ee Se nee ee ne ee eS
‘
ee ae
dete £44 fee ar | em ¥ igh! 4 i}
hase e vy J »5 x
1 :
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 17
the 31st August, 131 boats being employed, of which 5 fished from St
Margaret’s Hope, 10 from Cara, 20 from Burray, 33 from Holm, and 63
from Stronsay, being an increase of 5 over the fleet of 1888. With the
exception of 6, they were all engaged to curers at 14s. per cran for a com-
plement of 150 crans, and in some cases 14s. per cran for 100, and 12s.
for 50 crans. The average catch was 124 crans per boat,—Stronsay
being the most productive station with a general average of 132 crans. The
highest individual catch was 1004 crans landed by the steam fishing boat
‘ Alice’ of Leith. The largest gross catch was 260 crans, and the smallest
40 crans. The quality ot the herrings was poor throughout, a large pro-
portion being maties and spents. Nets, valued at £947, had to be ~
abandoned on 28th August, through weight of fish meshed, which was
the heaviest loss ever sustained in Orkney i in one season. Two first class
boats were totally wrecked during the year, and 3 lives were lost in
connection with the fisheries. The number of boats belonging to the
district was 631, of: which 168 were first class, 32 second class, and 431
third class, and the estimated value of which was £16,541.
SHETLAND DISTRICT.
Comprising the Shetland Isles, Fair Isle, and Foula Island.
District Fishery Office—Lerwick.
The herring fishing of Shetland district, which developed so rapidly
during the years 1880 to 1885, has recently greatly fallen off, and during
the past year, considering the number of boats employed, it was little
better than a complete failure. Extensive preparations were made for the
early fishing, which began about the 20th June, all the available stations
being occupied, and a few new ones erected. 771 boats, an increase of
371 over 1888, were engaged by 72 curers, and of these, 568 boats fished
in the Unst section, and 203 on the west side of the district. In the first
few days of the fishing a fair average catch was landed, but towards the
end of June, dog-fish appeared on the fishing grounds and frightened the
herrings away, all fishing operations being suspended. The early fishing
closed in the second week of July, with an estimated catch -of 27,822
- crans, which realised an average of 15s. per cran.
The late fishing began at Lerwick and other stations on the east side
of the district towards the end of July, 400 boats being engaged. It
proved a complete failure, the total catch only amounting to about 800
crans, nearly a half of which quantity was landed at the station of
Symbister. A large proportion of the boats did not take a single herring
during the season. One take of 37 crans was landed at Lerwick, and
another of 50 crans at Symbister. Of the 400 boats employed, 320
belonged to the district, and the remainder chiefly to the Isle of Man.
The total quantity of herrings cured was 47,006 barrels, being a decrease
of 52,2154 barrels under the quantity cured in 1888, and a decrease of no
less than 171,717 barrels under the average for the previous five years.
The average price obtained was 16s. per cran. The fishing was con-
tinued by a few crews up to the middle of September, but with no
better success, dog-fish being as numerous at that time as in the month of
July. There were no lives lost in connection with the fishing. The
estimated damage to nets amounted to £530, and ae damage to boats
‘to £155.
Il. WEST COAST HERRING FISHERY.
| The nine fishery districts on the West Coast of Scotland are :—
Stornoway, Loch Broom, Loch Carron and Skye, Fort William,
Campbeltown, Inveraray, HOnueeey, Greenock, and Ballantrae.
;
r 5 :
hi 18 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report i
i 9
»
’ STORNOWAY DIsTRICcT.
: The Islands of Lewis, Harris, North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist, Barra, and
‘ the smaller Islands within this range ; also St Kilda.
' District Fishery Office—Stornoway.
: Herring fishing began at Stornoway early in January, and continued
; thereafter with fair success until 14th April, when the fishermen agreed
id to observe a close time, and fishing was accordingly suspended. On expiry
; of the close time on 15th May, what is termed the summer fishing —
began, at which a fleet of 1,121 boats were employed, 188 of these being
boats belonging to the district, 550 fishing in the Stornoway section, and
571 in Barra section, the industry being prosecuted from 9 stations. The
ye average take per boat in Stornoway section was 106 crans, and in Barra
Re section 18 crans. The total quantity of herrings cured in both sections
a was 81,520 barrels, being 50,283 barrels less than the preceding year.
4 Of the total quantity cured, Stornoway section contributed 68,901 barrels,
} and Barra section 12,619 barrels; the former section thus showing a
4 decrease of 41,491 barrels under the preceding year, and the latter a
e decrease of 87 92 barrels. 19,797 crans were kippered, and 4940 crans
were sold for consumption fresh or lightly salted, these being all disposed
of in the home markets, and amounting to only about half “the quantity _
so used in the preceding year.
_ The decrease in the catch of this year was no doubt due to the unfavour-
able weather which prevailed during the summer. Calms were almost
incessant, and the boats could therefore neither reach the best fishing
ground nor return therefrom when herrings had been got. To meet this
difficulty 3 or 4 large steamers were employed almost daily picking up
successful boats at sea and bringing them to Stornoway.
During the summer the most productive fishing ground was, as formerly,
in the vicinity of the Butt of Lewis, but during winter and spring most of
the herrings were found quite close to shore. The herrings taken
were of a fair quality. During the week ended 25th May, 12,833 crans
were landed at Stornoway, that being the best week’s catch of the season.
The largest single take, the result of a night’s fishing, was 104 crans.
At Barra the fishing was irregular, and while some boats landed 100
crans for the season, others did not land as many herrings. The best
fishing was obtained at Barra during the week ended 15th June, when
3039 crans were landed. It was estimated that the fishermen at Storno-
way realised, on an average, 22s. per cran for their season’s catch, but in
consequence of the engagements which were generally made at Barra the
herrings landed there cost the curers 50s. percran. Based on these calcula-
tions the produce of the herring fishing of the district was valued at
£87,354, and though the catch was a third less than the previous year, the
value was greater by £10,200. |
39,8024 barrels of herrings were sent direct from the district to Con-
tinental ports ; andof that number 33,117 were shipped for St Peters
burg. The number exported was, therefore, 15,0874 barrels less than in
the preceding year. In proportion to the catch landed, a larger quantity
of herrings were sent to Continental markets than in the previous year.
The fine flavour of the herrings of this district is much esteemed in foreign
markets. Barra herrings being scarce, and of excellent quality, occa-
sionally realised in Hamburg and St Petersburg prices equal to £8 per
barrel. The trade in Stornoway kippers is still important, and it is
ns ie ie Be
wai abe : Ss ‘ Fan A s ) : : , 4
bl ; ara! tes oe ee eUed, " 1) Sees (ts dis z pe. Pp he , seat ad eet
*; —“ousrke “hs ras! a hee | ~ Sed vy Eee CY MY PY img! § Aitiyl Se hr aL a isnt Ah hq ta, ea Ny yee ti ee
and Sounds of Croulin, Rona, Raasay, and Scalpa.
catch and the quality generally of the herrings, which, with the exception
of the Fisher) y Board for Sebitevd: 19
beligved that the finsoes ante there are the finest in the country, and
usually command high prices in the home markets. Seven large steamers
were specially employed while the fishing was going on in carrying
herrings to Scottish and English ports for ‘distribution throughout the
United Kingdom.
During the year, 16 fishermen were drowned, and the loss in boats and
fishing material was estimated at £1654.
Locu Broom DIstrrict.
From Cape Wrath to Diebeg, both exclusive ; including the lochs and islands
within this range of coast.
District Fishery Office—UUapool.
The principal herring fishing was carried on in this district. from June
till November, herrings appearing in all the large lochs during the season.
Towards the middle of July a superior quality of fish was landed. When
herrings were most plentiful, however, the first class boats belonging to
the district were either fishing at Stornoway or on the Kast Coast. Con-
sequently the fishing was followed only by small undecked boats, possessed
of indifferent netting. Owing to the want of railway communication, the
demand for fresh herring was limited, prices being consequently low,
ranging only from 5s. to 16s. per cran. A large portion of the catch was
cured by crofters for their own use. The total quantity of herrings cured
on shore was 4511 barrels, while 810 barrels were cured on board of 9
vessels, fitted out in the district for the fishing, making a total cure of
5321 barrels. In addition, 1121 crans were used in a fresh state. There
were 638 boats belonging to the district, about 400 of which used herring
nets. The remaining 238 were seldom used for fishing, being employed
chiefly in carrying peats for fuel, and sea-weed for manure.
Locu CAaRRON AND SKYE DisTRICT.
From Diebeg, eal to Loch None: exclusive ; selva the lochs and
smaller islands within this range of coast; also the islands of Skye,
Scalpa, Raasay, Rona, and Croulin.
District Fishery Office—Broadford.
‘In Loch Carron and Skye district the early herring fishing was again a
_ failure, the whole catch for the first six months of the year being only 803
crans..
recorded in the district since 1881, and may be estimated at fully 36,882.
Of the |
total catch, 40,427 barrels were cured, and 15,617 crans sent away fresh
against 30, 7 57 barrels cured, and 7173 crans used fresh in 1888, The best
Notwithstanding this, the total catch for the year was the largest
crans, being about 4882 crans in excess of the previous year.
fishing grounds were Loch Hourn and Sound of Sleat, Loch Sligichan,
Owing to the large
of those got in Sound of Sleat, were largely mixed with small fish, prices
throughout the year ruled low, and may be quoted at from 3s. and 6s.,
up to 15s. and 23s. per cran. There were 973 boats belonging to the
district, and the average number of boats fishing Bong the year was 265,
———————eeSSS
20 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
while the greatest number employed at any one time was 634. Thirty-five
curing vessels were fitted out in the district for the herring fishing, and
9 steamers were engaged carrying fresh herrings to Glasgow, Oban,
Stromeferry, and Liverpool. Four fishermen, were drowned during the
year,—2 at Loch Hourn, and 2 at Loch Snizort.
Fort WILLIAM DISTRICT.
BeOS idee Cat ae tg Lhe nd ee ie ok
From Loch Nevis to Oban, both inclusive; including the lochs within this
range of coast; also the islands of Canna, Rum, Eig, Muck, Coll, Tyree,
Iona, Mull, Lismore, Kerrera, and the smaller islands.
District Fishery Office—Oban.
< The herring fishing in the Fort-William district was as unsuccessful
last year as it had been in the two previous seasons. The principal
5 fishing grounds were the Sound of Sleat and Lochs Linnhe and Seriddan.
In Loch Linnhe the fishing was carried on during July and August; in
the Sound of Sleat from July to the middle of November; and in Loch
Scriddan during August and part of September. A number of boats
from the locality of Loch Nevis went to Loch Hourn during August,
September, and October to prosecute the industry there. On one occasion
60 boats were employed in the fishing, but the average number was only
24. The total quantity of herrings cured amounted to 969 barrels, as
compared with 986 in 1888. The quality of herrings was fair. Prices
ranged from 2s. to 90s. per cran, the average price being 22s. 6d. Four
curing vessels were fitted out during the season.
CAMPBELTOWN DISTRICT.
From Tayinloan, inclusive, round the Mull of Cantyre to Skipness Point, in-
clusive ; including the islands of Colonsay, Jura, Islay, Gigha, and Sanda.
District Fishery Office—Campbeltown.
The herring fishing in this district was prosecuted throughout the
whole year, with the exception of the period from 15th March to Ist June,
now recognised as a close time by the Fisherman’s Association. There
were 378 boats employed, 98 of whom used the drift-nets, and 280 the
seine or circle-nets. The result of the year’s fishing showed a decrease, as |
compared with 1888, but was above the average of the past 10 years, ©
The total quantity of herrings cured in 1889 amounted to 45,883 barrels
against 49,232 barrels in 1888. ‘The fishing was successfully prosecuted
in January and February, many of the crews securing large takes and fair
remuneration, as the quality of the fish was excellent. The greater number
of the boats went to the Ballantrae fishing at the end of February, and
remained till the fishing closed there. On Ist June the regular summer
season opened, and the industry was carried on with fair success by drift-
net boats till the end of September. The seine or circle-net boats were
not very successful during the summer, but in the closing months
of the year they landed large quantities of herrings. As many as
5000 crans were caught in the week ended 23rd November. In
Kilbrannan Sound the herring shoals were often dense, and hundreds of
crans were frequently encircled by a seine-net, which, unfortunately,
<<
.
—-
s ¢
Se ee ee eo ee ee
>
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 21
invariably burst, the greater portion of the fish being lost. The largest
single take, amounting to 150 crans, was landed by a Carradale crew,
and was sold at 15s. per cran. A double crew belonging Campbeltown,
who carried on the same mode of fishing, earned £750 during the season,
while others earned from £300 to £400, ‘be fishermen using the drift-
nets realised considerably less than the seine-net fishermen—the season
being the most unremunerative they have had for many years. The quality
of the herrings was superior, particularly so in summer and the closing
months of the year. The principal fishing ground was in the Sound of
Kilbrannan. The fishing was also very prosperous in Islay, and turned
out remunerative. The herrings were got in Lochindaal on the east, and
in Lochgrunard on the west side of the island, where they were found i in
large numbers for several months. In the early part of the year the prices
ranged from 5s. to 15s. per cran, and afterwards from 2s. to 20s. The
total value of the season’s catch was estimated at £37,669. The herrings
were forwarded to Glasgow by trading aud chartered steamers. Besides
the district boats engaged in the fishing, there were others from Loch Fyne,
Arran, Bute, Ayr, Mull, Skye, and the Firth of Forth. A small quantity
of herrings were kippered and cured gutted at Campbeltown, Carradale,
and Islay.
INVERARAY DISTRICT,
From Oban to Tayinloan, both exclusive; including the lochs and islands
within this range of coast, and from Skipness Point and Ardlamont Point,
both exclusive, for both sides of Loch Fyne, to the head of the loch.
District Fishery Office—Ardrishang.
The herring fishing in Inveraray district commenced early in June and
closed on 30th November. There were 331 herring boats in the district,
258 of which were constantly employed during the season—about a third
using drift-nets, and two-thirds using seine-nets, The total catch for the
year amounted to 26,249 crans, which is the largest recorded for the last
5 years, and is an increase of 5455 crans as compared with 1888.
The most successful months were July and October. In the early part of
the season the industry was prosecuted all over Loch Fyne, and some good
takes were landed in its upper reaches, near Inveraray, but the most
successful fishing was procured in the lower parts of the loch. From
June till the close of September the fishing was light. Several dense
shoals of herrings were discovered in different parts of Lower Loch Fyne
during the months of October and November. Takes ranging from 150
to 200 crans were frequently landed, and one crew had a single catch of
232 crans, and another landed over 400 crans in one week. Much larger
quantities were often encircled, but the nets burst and the herrings escaped.
‘The sums realized for the largest single takes ranged from £100 to £187.
Crews of 2 boats using seine-nets and working together earned from
£300 to £700 during the season, while a few of the most successful crews
got from £900 to £1100. Others, however, only received from £100 to
£200 for their aggregate catches. Drift-net crews of 2 and 3 men
made sums varying from £130 to £200. The quality of the herrings was
~ most superior, and the size generally very large. Prices varied from 10s.
tv 70s. a cran—the average price being 22s., as compared with 27s. a
eran, for the last 5 years. The bulk of the season’s catch was forwarded
direct to Glasgow in steamers chartered by the Argyle and Bute Fisher-
men’ S Association.
——
—
22 Appeniices to Eighth Annual Report
RoTHESAY. DISTRICT.
From Ardlamont Point, inclusive, to Roseneath Point, exclusive ; including
the lochs within this range of coast ; also Bute and Arran.
District Fishery Ofice——Rothesay.
| The summer herring fishing opened in Rothesay district on 24th June
‘ and practically closed on 31st October. There were 259 boats belonging
‘ to the district, and a falling off in the number employed—the old boats not
being replaced by new ones. The total amount of herrings landed was
8289 crans, being a slight decrease against the two previous years. In
the early part of the season the herrings made their appearance in Lochs
Strivan and Long, and fair catches were secured, but the shoals did not
remain for any length of time. During August the fleet began to pro-
secute the fishing on the more extensive grounds off Ardlamont, Skipness,
Cock of Arran, and Machree Bay, Arran. In one week of the season as
many as 294 boats were employed—catches with the seine or circle-net
| being extremely irregular, but the drift-net fishing wasmore successful. The
oross earnings of the most prosperous pair of skiffs, with a crew of 8 men
using the seine-net, amounted to £200, and the most successful drift-net
crew of 3 men earned £135. The average earnings of the drifters, which
were the most numerous, amounted to £75. In size and quality the
herrings caught in the lochs were excellent, and commanded a ready sale.
In June and July there was a good demand, and prices were as high as
We 45s. per cran. The average price for the season, however, was about 26s.
Ms per cran, as compared with 21s. in the previous year. Nearly the whole
of the catch was despatched to market for use fresh. Five curing vessels”
were fitted out in the North West Highlands, and all returned with full
cargoes. The weather up to the end of October was exceptionally good.
One fatal accident occurred during the season.
GREENOCK DISTRICT.
From Glasgow, westwards, on the north side of the River Clyde, to Ros-
neath Point, both inclusive, including Gareloch; on the south and east side
of the River and Firth of Clyde to Ayr, exclusive, including the Cumbraes.
District Fishery Office— Greenock.
The herring fishing in this district was commenced in the latter part of
May and was prosecuted until the middle of September, when it was dis-
continued for the year. The weather was very favourable for fishing all
through the season. ‘There were 230 boats belonging to the district—110
herring boats, and 120 engaged in other branches of the fishing. Eighty-
seven boats were at one time employed at the herring fishing—being 4
more than in the preceding year. The principal fishing grounds were on
the Ayrshire coast and in Gareloch. Herrings were found in Gareloch in
good quantities during June and July, and were of fair size and quality,
but no large shoals appeared at any time on the Ayrshire coast. The takes
were small but general. The total catch of herrings amounted to 1840
erans, valued at £4439, against 3185 crans, valued at £5008, in 1888,
and 1827 crans, valued at £2306, in 1887. All the catch was taken by
drift-nets. It was disposed of, chiefly to local merchants, for consumption
4 ® mn %
a.
Y : < { . a
ee : -
: Waris ees
ra Ph 2 Lina ni hi * wy
™ ¥
iv J i , Cee
pad AN Bit i hs Dh oe Or APOE WS APTA Mog aed TEN WE Ty, eS REN ee
SP ere on Ord LS aa ne } ~ ON he 4 © DF tar eblt iN ¢ y vit ie 7) i Ries ORS bY
ge eT cet ee Fe Ee eT ae BAW WATS ae ITN TW age” AHO Ene Lee ae we A Bik eu ata MAE CL Ca ch As
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 23
fresh. The highest individual take was 10? crans, The bulk of the |
herrings were of rather a poor quality all through the season, but high
prices were generally obtained—the average price per cran being 41s. 4d. a
as compared with 3ls. in the previous year. Tour curing vessels were ‘ mi
fitted out, and 13,267 barrels of cured herrings were landed in the district i
from them and from other vessels curing in the North West Highlands.
This was an increase of 3763 barrels over 1888, and was the largest
quantity landed in this district for many years past.
BALLANTRAE DISTRICT. | ns
From Ayr to Sark River, Solway Firth, both inclusive.
Instrict Fishery Office—Girvan.
The fishing of 1889 in this district presented few features of interest . a
apart from recent years, aud was, upon the whole, fairly successful. The | ae
weather is always an important element in the prosecution of the winter
herring fishing—especially upon an exposed coast like that of the Firth of
Clyde, and last winter, though herrings were abundant on the coast, they ape
could not be reached owing to continuous gales of wind, and for days in f
each week the boats remained on shore in enforced idleness. The herring
shoal appeared first upon the Ayrshire Coast between Turnberry and
Dunure early in January, and gradually went southwards to the Ballantrae
banks—keeping unusually near the shore in its migration, so that it
could scarcely be reached by the drift-net. |
_ There was a great variety in the catches both with the drift and seine-
net, some boats having large herrings, others small or mixed, on the same
nights. The first good catch was made in the week ended 23rd
February. A favourable change in the weather had set in, the herrings Ae
had settled on the Ballantrae banks, and for the first time since the com- aa
mencement of the season the whole fleet were at sea, and 2260 crans of ‘Sf
herrings were landed from 121 boats, The fine weather continuing, there
was a regular and good fishing in the following week, with both seine iy
and trammel-nets—6426 crans being landed by 155 boats, During both Ci an
weeks the herrings landed were of large size and good quality. Five | |
hundred waggons with herrings were despatched from Girvan Railway
Station during the week ended lst March. In the following week the
fishing terminated for the season with a catch of 8883 crans. ae
The summer herring fishing was only a moderate success. Commencing ee
in May the fishing was continued until the end of August, and yielded a bg oa
catch of 1483 craus—the highest number of boats fishing being 92. There %
_ was no loss of life in connection with the fisheries, and the damage sus- a
tained by penis and fishing material was only trifling. : a
a cat ~ - ‘sosesOA 99 Opell STOSso A. 6G QAOG® OU,T—'I7OAT : S eet ak eS :
ee gea'ez | 126 L18‘T ok 094'9% |, 609'st | osz‘se | ooo'tee | Feo | ¥e99‘T 69 nt eon se
ee 2 tae ape Bak 3 5) SSD eS RE bec GS CRS "a SR Sy Mea eee GIS Brena sett aaa pn ae oo Re gi WN yc a See sg pe mse tes
= ee ~ 198‘81 = 088 es 488°C | est‘T 08k ie OFS) Ben 4 : : "_ fyoortee.1y) *
Raat g ac 009 fos. a ee 08g -G60'T ZL0° i GT 74 g : ' Avsoyyoy eS
Be ee, |. 660% POP'T Se 968% 0g | 008 = g 1g iP ‘umogjaqd ure a
ok | cS 682 = Ps 68 682 843‘T | 000° 9T a ae ‘ Ms ULI AA “3.10, =<
= $86 ‘6 SLL 6 <4 SL4‘8 966 FT O18‘6S | 000‘%0Z aa FL10'T | Gg aAYG puve uowiey yoy | ae
es 3 01s 0% ee Se 062.~4< "> 008 OLO‘T | 000‘02 Lg 861 6 : ; ‘WLOOIg ToT an
sa = 604 91 oa ae iran ee OFE - 08¢ 000‘F% Or = e¢ I * “‘peoytozeg &
x S ‘spatdmg | ‘“haqUnay | “daquena~y "SJOLMLOT ‘SJaLLng | “saquUnyy | ‘speysng | ‘spLox “by | “waquenay ‘sUuoT | “waquuaaT a
=a SS Se peat ae Ss ae cad Mama aa Bs Seem ied ee SN 25 oe en hopper ni. Wyeigg Sen ae eR SL ee ee See ee ne a eee 2
‘ ~~ Gti Nad Geta ee ; ; ae
Saar 7 smog | “Bue a
mes SS Slay aaeks saat qoye soy a
p s "STOSSO A. ae I d a nq oe =
= jo preog ‘powoeT. a : f . : ; ‘9Se p 9 E " aaa
: g wo. pany | as te pur peyyng| “STLteg eS 3ut}}0 N wo eseuuoy, | “s[ossoA SLOIWLSIG a
Ss TROL | <a
; S bre cart pee tee eo | aes ee a
S ‘payynsagQ “peyny A a
= ‘prvog Wo paing ssulaey <% =
. ‘pleog uo painy SSULIey oJY AA JO SpTodieg jo equinu 9yy pur ‘ peddiyg :
re, sjoeg pur “4[Vg ‘surqjoyy Jo Ayyquenb ey fue jo Jequinyy pue ‘sovuuoy, oy) *4NO pozzy YOUA WOIJ SJOIIISIG BY £ GQST~ . i
Iwo AY] Ul AYTHSTY ONIUNAF{ 049 OJ GNVILOOG UI yno poqyzy spessoA jo roqunN of} JO NYNLAY—AYAHSIA ONINUAH oa
a Be
z TI °N—V XIGNAddV a
NI .
LOS‘LES‘T | see"6z 6FG'L9ET | $36‘9T 8F6'8 009°F2 Terror | FILZI | GIP'rE BGG SELES Py. 5 cui the Ser tr ea * [8701
S8L‘L ae 88L'L a g& 620'T Gor'¢ te ee 196‘T © ee he Cog tn = Sal ae on ee ceva
F6S v6S ase Or : 066 ‘ eee eee 166 , . . . . . . ‘ ~~ . 6k esatod
SF‘Te _ oF ZOL‘0E Lt 81208 LEP : _ ‘Avrecoauy
€88 ‘SF €88Cp to id 46 698 ‘Gh LeT : 016'8 SSE BRO oS eerie ee 2 eer
3 696, GEC, 0&2 eee eee eco ‘ & ‘ . . ° . . . ° £ “NBII M110
Let = fs LG €18°ZI GPL P18 GLP'T ¢8¢ 01 ‘ekyg pus pastas oes
1ZE 11¢ 5 eee eee eee eee see 00zZ I TIg g . ° . , * . : . . ‘ol 01g qooT
a 0z¢‘T8 ane 0z¢°T8 OFT eee I6L‘6L OF6 F eee eee h99S° * o « . . * . . . ‘AvMOUI04g
“$x 900°LF & 900'LF <7 pe 028 121 =, 00. | os Cb cate VER 5: Fe ee ae a ee puenaus
; 5 perir <3 16°62 we ‘a nA ge os oes oe he teri ek 2 Shey 2 Syd OS eae Se eee ies
ass = ELG‘IST = GLE ToT SA aot bat ¥99°9 c0s‘s 916% ZEL'e sso‘ost | ¢ a at eg ce ager oa oie eae
3 3 ee os 686'ET = ~ 88 19% | : 196 G19 C1 fF tape ae Se TE ¢_t04sq 4]
< = 86°26 eae 826 °6- nag fe GP eo os ok 919 008'36 oe RE ES Te oes Bake See ie See ee
= > 676 F eee 6F6 F eee nee vee eee wee 628 029°F - . . ° : . . . Aq.tew0I9
. DB ©02‘08 es 20608 Pies: gIh ms SOL. Zol ESF iT 6FS‘1Z Seip ns Me ets ee Fe iS et u1oqpuly
: es G26 LF £5, G26 Lh = 9ST 00° 596 F $99 610° T9088 Bak sees | ps Sage oe ae
: : 219 Ee eer Z19'&E eee Gy €16 eee , eee eee $9E ZE ‘ e . ° e ° . . . . . -
Vie 4 TZL‘808 i TZI ‘808 F¥6'¢ Gc 806'9 6ILT LET 66'S 9G OGG 21 ar-B0S a ae ee ee ‘qBnquoseay
é as 86°8z% 60¢ FEP‘8zE LOL. 88F 0Z8°8 FES 1S, CFS, IEP‘LT6 UL OS SS eee
a s 896:2EI a: 896°CET 6L9‘O1 LOF‘E 9066 Ts‘T 8L6T 98c‘¢ SFO GOL | * tiinemintone
S OTF ET = OLF ET ss 406 88¢'T ¥66 IT 9G % SF 6 ee PRO ie ee ge ae a ee aa
& oss‘o¢ _ et 08¢‘0¢ 33 786. 1g SF 99. 966'ET Pr8'8 eae cere S anade FFs ele cosh i
Ee sre | | eer eke eae peewee Te Gre os Pe
3 > arate Bey ‘ ‘ vt ose ‘ ‘ ‘ q ' . esi . * . . ‘yynowas
2% S 205 ‘9¢ cog‘9¢ 00T et L60°F1 01'S 1Z8'1 T¥0'8S . uy |
r = “$j/aLADT “hOQUNAT “hOQuunny “LaQUuinn “hOQUunAT “MOQuUNAT ~ “MOQUunAT “haQuUuanyny “SJOAMDT "SJOAMD ET
* ~ aa a a ee Ss ee SSS SS eS SS eee — ——
oo r “SBUld é 3 ets :
a? 5 . “SuULL ; . : ae neo
a , ' a10Ug 10H poy 10| *pesoddiry ym Sutoq zaqye | <7
o- > ne at ihe Es uo pang ae pane S1OJBOTG SB suBiQ jo suvig “s[o1Ivg s a Sule 10738 hee
= Pe = ae seo s ro Pad ssunieyH | io sone PIIND SUBID| JO STotivg | 10 sjotivg ULYIIM Jou ah es ae eS Tae
— if acs uo peang | s8utsaxy | 7° S[a.lIBg LO sTolIeg ynq pexovg ie et ake a “SLOIULSIGA a, y
BO
raogpaee5| > TOL, <2 ‘poynsugQ pep sSurwoy ee eR | Be.
uvB. ; “ /
“ian -
a
aap se 7
“
‘a10YG UO paiMgO s#ulw13y Jo spoweg |
TR!
é ‘SUI, UI paaAdasolg 10 ‘sBUILIOH poy to ‘s19jvoTq ‘sroddry sv pono ssulloy{ Jo soryuenb oy} osye
Burwoys § pansug pang esoyy woary payyny peng sSuruoyy oy} Surysmsurjstp ‘peng pure uoyey, o1om AY} YOM UI SPOLI4SICE Oy) pu f ERT TEA oy} Ul
‘aioyg uo pue ss id A JO plvog Wo “ANVILOOG UT peyeg 10 peng SONIMATH FLINM jo sporteg Jo ann N TOL, ou Jo NUNLAA— AUAHSIA 9 NIWMOU
7
Oey,
rr
“" ; +
‘TI “ON—V XIGNdddV ss | ts be
a. OL T s3g°LF | Fasa‘eae FELL ‘Gs OFT ‘E9 691 ‘TSS 116 ‘FFT ai gd Se Sr arog it Cee
= on SS SS OS TG | ——— | —_ — ‘ = : + _ Ree
Bes 0 OL FI 018 og Ore iep F199 Ces ea a thos apeionte ea
= ee 9 «OL 8ST FL19°6 + $888 Ts 619‘T TL3‘¢ 669 ‘% igh aera mi ate ae see Fs
Ses . + L Gee 2291S 0z9‘E F168 ‘> Ge: ee o8L FT Saget Ne ee OT oe re Se OT arn
ae 8 6 99 606° TFL, eeP OFe 7 600°€ eS a ee te ee een
= = OL & LZ $1€8 ‘FI — 490'T 826 §708'L oEg‘G SS oi ee a. SRD oEE =
Bs ~ OL 61 IF _ Fors’ axa “ P50 % f09¢ Seti Sar ASPRER TENE ttn lg ara ae
zs RS Z 9 89% 86191 689 | Leg 006 ‘TI GOP are a ore ag oe ta * OTE See
~ 0 OL egg 01 ‘TZ _80L'T 268'T $966‘€L 860 ‘F SSIS eo, toe ag a ees SOE =
= S S 8 L 688 £9802 £228 '% £96 % $812 OL 600‘¢ Ue pea a oe ei fe “ee
: 8 9 sl 210% $218 ‘VEL fPOL's P7061 ~ ESTO F9 TSG L Gt eran ae a
S 9 91 601% $689 ‘961 $808‘8 $118 ‘1% 080‘E¢ $888 ‘eh TS bias eee eee Te ‘peoy1ejog Se TRA =
: 8 I 80'T 26099 $916 47689 $128 ‘Ob FSCr‘LT on, coe he ee ee ‘deapreq Vy > ae
ss 9 L 88 608° 49 868 10g °% ~ $606‘T PE See SS Corrs SN. ee aa ea
> se v F Zl 869°) 9F 4266S 086‘T FFZE'S 26 eee ere ‘asor} UOT E-
S OL 91 g 098, 1Z CLT Za $a¢ pS Eee recip os SEE se
ss, = 9 IL 66 £F16°9 Pee (186'T L18'T | 949°% Sree pin te ey Geet =
= ~~ rs | SS o_O 88.8. | TOS OS | ss
8 a . 3
‘3 ae aia 3 [R10], ‘d ydg ee IM Fe
S ; coe | a
S Snes : 3 | 3 ) - *SLOMMLLSICT x :
> $00, anes ‘papuBlg soulsop] Jo sporeg Jo 1oquinyy eS
poq09T]09 seo, pur s
: wig :
: jo yunowes ont pue ‘pexiyy do ‘gq pue uedg ‘sonvyy ‘[[ng UMoIQ papuvig speraeg jo IOqUINU 9} SUTYSInSuYystp £ JOLISIG: Jove ul sSutpuvrg am
oy} JO PUB - G88 IwoX of} WANVILOOG Ul pepuBIg SONIUMAF[ ALIH AA Jo spolueg Jo requmny [eyo], 943 Jo NY OLAU— AYUAHSIA DNIVUAH Be
z ‘AI ON—'V XIGNHddV pire Aa See ee ae
NI
E.
A
' be b
= N | = 7
EGLT‘'06 | 66S‘ | T2L0°E | FIF6'T G8¢ | ESZE"TEG | E66S'ESF | FCO'OFH | BE'9G| ZE9'C9 | 61'Z1%| Tes'IPL | ee9'se] Got'ze | FFE 8% Th | O@L | see | * ‘TOL
ge teal wae) Shep sk ee eee ts Meee (tie eee pet es) A fee ati es ae a ae ne
T6e9'0G | TEFhS | T290'E | 18E'T : : 6LU'9T| 6LT‘9T i 2 ans - “1+ Spp0us8Iy
; Le 1 eee . eee ete -000'T 000 T = wee eee eee ore eee LIG@ : LTG ~ ene see Bee ote eee - ‘m001g qYooT
: 1608°6E = Me ee "| $Z08'68 | TZ08‘6S pe. ee e = * Peden (oc iaee Se ages eat cigee © fasten vat s+ | + “KEMOUIIS
£LL0'88 as — = = FLLO'8E | shLP LE $09 cg | 926 #ee Sr ety eee ieee x aie Ler: ad eee tee 1 Spuepeys
TEFS SS « rae i “a T69T'GZ_| TIS6'Z1 8126 966'T | TLP9'T | 260'S | TE9F'S | F20'S | PLO'S es oe es e se fs S£ouHIO
3 mS 699601 |“ 33 < x GO6‘E0T | G09'89 | E6G'es | Tech | SEs'9 | T98Z'S | TLPS‘OT | LEL'g | Beh | SOE | “" -| 08 te IG be ee
oe 2 rect €L SEG Re = "| F8ET'ST | TG19'6 LLY'S LEI | Tle LLB Z08°G ca wes pons, cotire oa = eof e SreqsqAy
5 Re 1662'61 ss 2 = "| $86s'6L | F82¢'b 06L‘FT c90'L | 986 | fL9%', | FL9P'e “- vee es ae ete vel joe) * SopepsuayoH
: ~ re soe = eee oe ee £606'T 961'% THI eee TC6L'T 628, eee ee eae ooo eee eee eee . ‘AIBULO.LD
> 3 TELE <s ; oS "** | $3106 | TB8P‘S O6L‘FT | T1F9 ChL Z66‘0L | FLTF‘S = par ty oes tS gees see fe otes fs Saoypurd
*3 R 7820.08. | *" ae = “+ | $ec6'8¢ | $zc9'8 _ | 080s L9G‘T | 66h'T | T9PP'ET | F06L'E | SLOT | L0'T tie te os ve Ts Sppong
= F169°S3 “3 es ee fa F169'¢s | oPG‘e f9FL'0G =| T660'E | FIGH'S | 909'6 | F9GbH | ie pe it Se as A Sly Nees ciples acne
= & as es Soe c “+ | $46G'T8Z | GIO'GIT | F806‘STL | S29'S | FOGP‘6T | TeE6"Se | T6Z6'9e |“ ne ee wee oe ve | oss | fg B.mqueserg
FESE'L a te $e "| Seze's1T | 8e8'Te | Fe6P'SSL | L2G'8 | Tre0'ss| Ogs'z¢ | PEs | CO J we ra eee Pie vee foe 1 8 Ayparteqzed
~ £1996 | or | OT c TIL'96 | f1€6'SE | T6LT'S9 | £696 | FOPG'G | 9z9'GE | TebO‘OT | Leb 198° 06 = oe 02 02 | ° ‘moopreqy
~~ #180 F et T1807 | 18L¢ FIGs 8¢ ess 1g6‘T OFL SN ra gta RN et ver fee | * QABYOUOIG
S TS2Z0F | 609 hae DS 09g | 191968 Th96 TE Gc9'L 9 ¥ees's | Og6'T | Fesa‘e a3 ét =i = = ee “* [ * “asorju0W
ese‘s¢ | TLOS Ee eree = TLS0°S¢ | F698 0S 91'S rad 61s 196 | 8&6 ng aia ele Se os es a See
a $9661 = =* a Ge PSPPL | FIFLOL | F2Te'> L¥Z 629 69T'T | $296°% | OTe*e | Toe'e GFT 8% 1Z 0g o¢ | * ‘qynowed<g
= Te ae, eee | Bae eae ee :
) ‘
> "quoun |. 3 ‘pox | “yuedg | ‘sone | 1ma |. Sain nieve ; “pext | ‘Juads| ‘sone | *
2 [B10], ‘poyovd| ‘popuviq Ta -u09 seek aq ‘popuvig z Shia: hes *popunig : 3 se
RS | paytodxg oy | -Un |‘pepuerg} cup 09 “ TBIOL ee en eee TOR a
a T8}OL [8}OL ars . ‘pepunig 2k ae) Sl ‘papuvig
aS sso1y - : : ; : : ;
~ . : . “SLOIULSIC | ~
2 = ‘edomy JO no soov[g OL ‘ ‘qUOUTUOD 043 OF, *puvloly OF, ; ;
‘CULNOAXA SONTUNTH JO STAMAVE | Suet eM eo a eae Pee ;
ar a | ; ae z : bees Soe | - “poyordoy sSULMeT] jo a4yuenb Sura puc —
a ‘pepuriquy ssULop] Wor; popurIg UMOID sSutisep] { doing Jo yno soovjd 0} puv “yuouTyWOD oY} 0} “puRyory 03 q10d xq oy} Surystnsuystp ‘poyiodxq yor
Sas WOT SJIISIG oy} pue {Eg WeA oy} Ul GNVILOOG Woy poyodxY SONIMUAY ALIHAA Jo spouvg Jo Joquun [eo], oy} JO NUNLAY—‘AUAHSIA ONIGUAH |
ce | | ‘A ‘ON—"V XIGN@ddV | pr ao asc i ape one ge sie
+
Appendices to Highth Annual Report po
28
Hate |
000‘T
-606'80T
a9 meat
|
|
‘eae‘221
| I11‘96
'§280°F
tow'e
eee
Lg9
eee
| *Stauuog | *S70.Lunq
eee
‘quoUty
-u09
ayy 09
|‘ poytodxg|
[830.1
Ea Bi tt re at a ee ARE ea Se Re Sere eee ae a SAR oat IE iene Be Cae SSR an a Ee Be
‘poddiyg o19M JUOUIZUOD oY} 0} poPOdxm sHULIIOFT Of} POUYA 0} soov[_ 10 SHO OY} Suramoys “LON AUVINAWATdd as
“utp |
- 109907
“puslloH
98L 1s
i ate } 000'T #e at 4 age
bad we Hppagign =| egg |
= t¢e‘9 EoTe*2e «| 098 {ores mm
= 098‘T st1‘6 | f8019 666 F ony
eg ifere'z | oez‘ee |f896'2% | s98", 116
2 A 209 Ol 616° 16¢‘8 ee oF
se 006 TPIT'9T 98cT | 469 tree
ee > Igoe‘ fs5 vel ae
eT TOR fgpe‘9 | Zse‘e =| F8F0‘9 “a
So OOTP Ne 916°C \fZ80°L | F83°L er
“F is O6r'st | 26%'6 |Fo1e's ae
et fsto‘se \feee’so iT0g9'sT | ¢10‘Lb 189%
| “* |frox‘ee ifopg'se | Fteo‘ut |fare'sb 008
at SS6'IL /F100'TS |¥tze‘T% | TEeL‘9% <
wy me Lor‘ 069 ma $026
i me FL9‘6T [¥621‘sL | Is9F ee
; 10008 | ¥1z8"9T * 17009‘ a
nous | lng | Sebo | Haka | Wate | nosso
WOMd.Ag es ‘ujeig | ‘Stzueq eh BEIUCH
*AUBUOLIOX)
29 9°% | foer'og:
eee eee eee LIL‘Ee
eee eve eee OST
£06 GEg eee eee
Z0¢'T wee eee tee
008 S16 ase DS
$6E eee eee eee
696‘0¢ | F9T'S o1g‘s ars
£1$z ‘cp eee eee eee
ose'st- | GeF'T Sree Ape cece
Z96°S | 000°T ws >i
«"s & 26 ‘Egct‘s
"SJOLADY |"SJOLMD | “SJOLMDG | “SALMO
neqyr | ‘wary | ‘loaou |_. eae
*BISSNYY
“daLUOdXad SONIUUAH AO STAVUVA
0g
"S0MLDT
“"BssopO
i
fear'eet LoLr‘ste |Fsco'set fezo‘sor | Fech‘g | Fzg0'STt| o2e‘ot
-
i a
*‘SLOIULSIG
Ey
* ‘moog Yoo]
* 'Kemour0jg
* ‘puryeug
* ‘KouyAG
, * SPI.
; ‘1oqsqary
* ‘orepsurloyy
* KIBO
* ‘ouput
; around
‘ cqueg
‘yS.MqIOSBl
* — pvoqiojodg
“ — ‘qeep1aqgy
* SraaRyoUuosg
* gor} UOTE
: UNO]
* “qqnoweAT
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
ECLL‘OLG
S61 FLL
FI16‘¢98
$696 '8E6
¥68¢‘8zL‘T
¥0c%esi‘T
$092'068
£286 ‘G28
£618 GhL
$118 ‘600‘T
£666 ‘er
F£6 829
£686 ‘19¢
FEcr‘00F
$016 099
"SALMO
*poqy.lodxy
[ejoL puely |
Iaquiadeq JsTg pepua Ivax
Iaquiadeq 4sTg popus «wax
requiaceq qSTg popus 1v9X
Jaquie.ag 4sTg pepue 19x
Jequle.aq IS[E poepue RCrD,@
Joqulod9g ISLE popue Iw9ax
Jaquiaded 4sTg pepus wax
loquiedag Js[g paepue wwax
loqmeogg 38g popue IwoX
Jaquiadog ISTE popus 1w3ox
sraitiodg ISTE pepue 1B9 x
IoquIa.aT ISLE pepua voz
Ioquiesaq] IS[g pepus waz
Ioquiessg 4S[¢ pepus woz
‘A[UO puvpyoog Aoj ‘eygT Isquiodeg y3lE pepus IvaX
‘saolddd
669‘¢ £86 ‘1&6 699 ‘Ze Foge ‘ech 10¢‘L68'T 909°L1% 106‘6L1T : ‘op oy “6881
$26‘F 708% SEL $980‘FS ¥0s6‘ese¢ FOL8°S1L‘T EGL8‘T1Z 000.206 =| * ‘op 10} ‘8881
#800‘e £026 ‘968 $86 ‘GE $866 68h trop‘eoe'T #01868 £8¢0‘F90‘T ‘op 10J “1881
FF86'T #968806 $8e‘1% $766 ‘S1¢ $€26 ‘1E'‘T £09881 €98‘€60‘T ‘ ‘op 10} “9881
SLIT $S0LF01'T I1L°Z ceg‘6s9 $696 GLET F809 06Z 6PP ‘SSE ‘L : ‘op «4105 ‘ggr
$496 $996 ‘SFL'‘T $666 ¢& cap'eeg. $LL0°L69'T E498 FES e136 ‘SFT - ‘op toy “RST
9F6'T {P49 E98 01892 $066 ‘OLP FELP 69ST $968 98% go‘eeo'T | * “op “oy “eget
7620°E F9LS‘Z8L 118 0b Fo19 TOF $816 ‘Z8S'T 816 ‘OE Fo¢2 ‘086 “op LOY “BEST
{6L6 SPP TTL F6Sh Se $281 ‘F6F Fest TIT FL¢0‘96T 860°S16 ‘0p doy “T88T
$8201 $008‘9L6 E68 ‘CE 98689 $009'8LF'T E10r‘6re $861 F2S'T ; ‘op Loy “QS8T
fe¢y F08¢‘98¢ #1988 868 ‘“ZhE 96L'TFS 08 ‘E81 166 ‘G29 , ‘op oy “6181
619% $696 ‘809 EGER LT 802 ‘9S 892°C06 13 ‘FEI - 9¢s TLL z ‘op 10y. ‘8181
66'T $806 ‘EFS. $980‘9T C6L‘L6E Est‘L48 $L68‘08T FIL8‘9IL, ‘ ‘op IOy “L181
foceT OFL‘SLE SEE ‘02 $616 6S EL6L‘86¢ — 696‘TIT "86o'98F = | © “op IO} “9187
668‘E FLEL ‘$29 PEP ‘ee F68L E29 086 ‘GF6 ELST'801 TB68 FES
SS ERALUS fl *S70LAOT *SUNLD 10 "SIT “SIOMMOT "S/0LMD SUDA) 40 “SIT "SJOAMO
mossonton | omen | PUMTOL | “pepuma | vamotmog | Ty peyntun | PHB
jo 4nu01h © | ———_————————— — .
[230],
‘poytodx gy sdupiiey yo Aqryuend [eq],
*poing SsSsulLIey jo Aqyuend [230.L
AEE jo
quo seo. 0} pue uur} 109 ayy 04 4 sae eo 04 jlodxq oud SuyySTLaUTSTp | 68ST loquieo9q 4STE 03 G/gT Arenuee 4st ody ‘sLa0ulO hates fo arunzuboo wapun
qybn01g sv Mol os Ww ‘read Aq «eek peotiag pue ‘popuerg ‘pong SONIYYAH DLA AA Jo Aqyuenty [eyo om Sumoys LOVULSAV— AUAHSIA 9 NIQUaH
TA “ON—'V XIGNUddV = a5 :
\ 30 Appendices to Highth Annual Report
.
& APPENDIX A.—No. VII.
i STANDARD BARRELS FOR CURED WHITE HERRINGS.
2 —List of Queries issued by the Fishery Board for Scotland, to
¥ the Scottish Fishcuring Trade, in regard to Standard Barrels
and Half-Barrels for Packing, Shipping, or Exporting Cured
White Herrings.
QS
*
LIST OF QUERIES.
1. Do you approve of a standard size of barrel or half-barrel ?
2) 4
2. Are the standard sizes of 262 gallons Imperial measure fora barrel,
and 134 gallons Imperial measure for a half-barrel, suitable ?
3. If not, what capacity in gallons, Imperial measure, would be more
suitable for barrels or half-barrels? |
4. Should a fourth, or any other fractional, part of a barrel, be required
to fulfil a certain standard size?
5. If so, what capacity in gallons, Imperial measure, should it be?
6. Are any special sizes for barrels, half-barrels, or other fractional parts
of barrels, desirable for export to the United States, or elsewhere ?
EE ey TR EEE Re he Ma a es
7. If so, what should their respective capacities in gallons, Imperial
measure, be?
8. Do you consider it desirable to amend the present rules regarding
any of the three permissible forms of hooping ?
9. If so, state in what way you think the amendation should be made ?
(a) Hooping entirely with wooden hoops.
* (6) Hooping entirely with iron hoops.
ba. (c) Hooping partly with wooden hoops and partly with iron hippae
10. Would you approve of-the officers being empowered to measure and |
stamp barrels before being used, on payment of 4d. to ld. per barrel, to.
be deducted from the branding fee?
11. Please express your opinion on any point relating to barrels or
half-barrels or other measure for cured white herrings which is not dealt
with in any of the foregoing queries.
: j Lar Me Ps tp
P Anh in y ‘ : y ay P re yy hy, th eae
a7 y . 7 id . =§ We 1. ‘és ba rah
y snd JB ‘oe , a Le a Vd Aa a ot : a 2
Be. “4 rea 4aie oe abane ate rane RAW a SN, ‘ h OR et
Vag Brett Wiese Je ad wy Th a te Vex HIN, TC PE ee LP Bee ee
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 31
APPENDIX A.—No.. VIIL.
Sf ANDARD MEASURES FOR FRESH HERRINGS.—Regula-
tions made and established by the Fishery Board for Scotland,
under the Provisions of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act,
1889, for the Construction and Branding of Measures for
Buying, Selling, Delivering, or Receiving Fresh Herrings in
the Scotch Herring Fishery.
In virtue of the powers conferred on them by the Herring Fishery (Scot-
land) Act, 1889 (52 and 53, Vict., cap. 23), sec. 4, the Fishery Board for
Scotland hereby give notice, that from and after the Ist day of January,
1890, a quarter-cran measure which may be used for buying, selling,
delivering, or receiving fresh herrings in the Scotch Herring Fishery,
being a measure of such capacity that four times its contents, when filled
with herrings, shall be equal to one cran, shall take one of the two follow- |
ing forms :—
I. Basket MEASURE.
A basket of a circular form, well bound, and composed of willows,
pieces of hoopwood, hardwood, and cane, all of fresh quality, and of suit-
able size and strength, which shall, for convenience in use, have two cane
handles. A sample basket may be seen at every Fishery Office.
Sucu BASKET SHALL BE OF THE FOLLOWING DIMENSIONS :-—
Interior diameter at bottom, 144 inches;
Interior diameter at mouth, 17h inches ;
Diagonal measurement from inside the bottom to the inner side of
the mouth, 214 inches ;
. Height inside, 144 inches;
ea in the bottom, If inches.
Tue MATERIALS OF WHICH THE BASKET SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED
SHALL BE CONFORM TO THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION :-—
Willows.
6 long lays in the bottom and side;
6 short sticks in the bottom;
20 stakes in the bottom and side;
18 bye sticks in the side.
Hoopwood and Hardwood Uprights.
6 pieces of hoopwood, each 1 inch broad, to be placed in the side
) at equal distances from each other and with their bark sides
outermost ; and 2 uprights of suitable hardwood, one of which
shall be placed i in the side in the centre of each of the spaces
between the two ends of the handles, to be flat and smooth on
Re outside to receive the official brand, notched at top and middle,
- . and bevelled to inside of basket, each to be 1} inches broad
_ from the top to the middle notch, and thence tapering to bottom,
an said pieces of hoopwood and uprights shall be straight.
4 » 7 # +% 5 ” 4 r ae | 7 \ . 2. A ee ek RN M i a a | ae Re ? a ane, ‘ay
= ; bbe, TIES MAY ere Sige OME gL UE ap! See NTC
4 ’ pee x diag 6 we ch "i Stee et: te Oper net
Be
. ; Leta
.: ! 32 Appendices to Kighth Annual Report
; ise? 3
if ending. ,
The basket shall be well bound, and shall have strong and suitable
F binding and waling at the mouth and bottom, and a fitching of
i cane at each of the following places, viz. :—
ae The lower edge of the bottom binding; the centre; and the
lower edge of the mouth binding.
II. Box MEaAsurRgE.
An oblong box, constructed of properly seasoned fir or other suitable
wood, well bound with iron hoops secured by nails, all of suitable size and
- strength, which shall, for convenience in use, have two rope handles. A
sample box may be seen at every Fishery Office.
: Sucu Box SHALL BE OF THE FOLLOWING DIMENSIONS :—
ae Length inside, 31 inches;
if Depth inside, 7 inches;
r Breadth inside, 147 inches;
z Sides and top, 2 inch thick;
By | Ends, ? inch thick;
Bottom, 4 inch thick; Mes
Cross bottom openings not to exceed } inch in width.
Ture MATERIALS OF WHICH THE Box SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED SHALL
BE CONFORM TO THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION :—
Blocks.
Corner blocks inside, 7 inches long by 24 inches square, with 1 inch
bevelled off inside corners, and similarly bevelled on both the
clear sides of the top, of those in front.
Wooden Straps.
Two popes straps, 2 inch thick, and 24 inches broad ; one middle
strap, 4 inch thick and 4 inches bioad. \ ek
Lid.
To be in two pieces: one a fixture 5 inches broad; the other
movable, fastened with two strong hinges, screw ‘fastenings at
neck, and nailed; with suitable clamps.
Binding.
The box shall be strongly nailed, and bound with 14 straps of iron
hooping 1 inch wide, each fastened with four nails—4 straps
being on the sides, 4 on front corners, 2 on back corners, and
4 on fixed portion of the top. ‘
Handles. fs
Handles to be of inch rope, with a double crown knot inside; the —
fag strands not to exceed 2 inches im length.
It shall be lawful for the General or Assistant Inspector, or any of the
Fishery Officers of the Fishery Board of Scotland, to authorise any basket
or box measure fultilling the before-mentioned conditions, intended for the ~
purchase, sale, delivery, or receipt of fresh herrings in the Scotch herring
fishery, to be branded in: his presence with a hot iron having the figure of
— Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts, to a fine not exceeding five pounds for
thou: ily leche om mig sage sate of hie enh
FOI i IBS Se WA gs §
7 10 pe mts SA C ioe fi so. yh x rj
“Ao monnoseorg ond $04: dideoo. Aofdlo oe wlio
.. of the Hishery Board for Scotland, 33
a crown, with the initial letters of his name, and the year of branding
thereon ; the brand on the basket to be stamped once on each of the
two uprights of hardwood placed in the side of the measure, and that on t
the box to be stamped once on the centre of the right end of the measure. eo
In the event of a basket or box which has been branded as aforesaid,
being found on subsequent inspection by the General or Assistant
Inspector or any of the Fishery Officers of the Fishery Board for Scotland,
to: be disconform in any respect to the foregoing specification, such ay
Inspector or Fishery Officer shall cause the brand thereon to be defaced. i
The Regulations made on the 25th November last are hereby revoked. Bae)
fi fir Peecenk Jrom the Alerring Fishery (Scotland) i, 1889. |
|
‘4, ais person buying, selling, delivering, or receiving fresh herrings in ean
‘the Scotch herring fishery shall be entitled to use for the purpose thereot ee
the measure known as the cran, or a quarter-cran measure, being a ae
measure of such capacity that four times its content, when filled with oe
herrings, shall be equal to one cran ; and such measure shall be made of i
wood, or of such other material as the Fishery Board for Scotland shall ae
direct, and shall be made and branded or otherwise marked in accordance i.
with any regulations for the time being in force of, the Fishery Board. for
Scotland, which regulations that Board are hereby authorised to make, and
from time to time to alter. and revoke as they see fit.
_ These measures made, branded, or otherwise marked in all Penn in
conformity with - the regulations for the time being in force of the said
Board, shall be the only legal measures for use in buying, selling, de- oe |
livering, or receiving fresh herrings in the Scotch herring fishery ; and aa
any person using any box, basket, or other measure not so made, branded Se
‘or otherwise marked, shall be liable, on conviction under the Summary ‘<a
~
a 4 a
ss “> ae
£
a
¥
iit 3 no
we
a e ’ = : -
Paths ere eae
"es
any subsequent offence; and also to the forfeiture of the measure or
‘measures, which may. be ‘seized 'and destroyed or otherwise disposed of
by any superintendent of the herring fishery or other officer employed in )
the execution of the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Acts: provided always, 10
that, nothing in this Act contained shall proved the, sale of ners by as
weight, or number or in buble | ha | yo
) ; ee
ha
the first offence, and not exceeding twenty pounds for the second or gers:
(ee P|
|
*s Sak A Basket and a ue measure made and branded according to the fore- aes |
oom ‘going regulations may be seen at the Assistant Inspector's Office Le
wifier “in Leith, or at'any of the District Fishery Offices of the Fishery we
abu. Board for Scotland ; and measures may be presented for the a |
Of) 9 .purpose of being bramded at such time and place as may be ar- ae |
big acl DUGALD ah ets iSeeretanus ee
» Bishery, Ped for ootienitt; a Priced | | . ay |
Habe Ast Mey, 1890. Fa EL Rr am RR |
rae 13 feud
oy - 7 >
gta i ie 2 BS GO DAG" Vit AL Wis MID IOTO SOG FC ‘ee
i “s OO
BRW TBIY dant’ ou hie, har { . bord Hai 10 a: AMO os!
berrb sts vii somp-dloww off to dado sod Bt
-
¥ ’ Re Oe re? To ee Py Re AA en ee) a,
arg t ys & Na ha ih hae) Nor MAA ete
» j : : Na ae eS my ie we ee \ "eK
. hie a we
yO eis g”
34 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
APPENDIX B.—No. I.
COD AND LING FISHERY.—Details, taken from the reports of
the inspectors and district. fishery officers, regarding the cod
ling, and hake fishery of 1889.
This fishery was unusually successful during the past year,—the
gross catch being considerably higher than that of 1888, or any of the
preceding seven years. Of the total quantity of fish landed,
145,661 cwts. were cured dried, and 6920 barrels cured in pickle,
against 137,216 cwts. dried, and 7052 barrels pickled in 1888—
being an increase of 8445 ewts. dried, and a decrease of 132 barrels
pickled. ‘There was also an increase over 1888, in the quantity
sold for use in a fresh state, of no less than 37,731 cwts.
Of the quantity cured dried, 16,834 cwts. were cured on board
of 53 vessels and boats fitted out for this fishery. The total
number of fish landed and cured last year amounted to 4,131,105,
as compared with 3,910,283 in the preceding year, being an
increase of 220,822 fish. Twenty-seven vessels fished ‘from
Shetland, 16 from Orkney, 9 from Fraserburgh, and one from
_ Campbeltown, while 10 or 12 Swedish vessels fished during the
summer months off the Shetland coast—usually 40 to 100 miles
N.W. of Unst, and in from 100 to 200 fathoms of water. Swedish
vessels have, for several years, prosecuted this fishing in the same
vicinity, and have usually been remarkably successful. Last season,
however, very few of their catches were landed at Balta Sound as
formerly, owing to the low prices offered by local curers, Conse-
quently they took the greatest proportion of their catches home for —
sale in the Swedish markets. ‘Twenty-one of the Shetland vessels
fished at Farce and Rockall during the early spring, but finding
the fishing unsuccessful they returned home. On proceeding to the
same vicinity a second time, they found no improvement, and went
to Iceland, where they met with better success, most of them
securing full cargoes. The smaller vessels and boats prosecuted
the fishing off the Shetland coast, and found the fish unusually
abundant; and were generally very successful—a number of boats
landing from 50 to 54 tons each of fish in eight weeks—perhaps the
largest catches ever taken in Shetland by individual boats. Although —
prices were low, many of the boats’ crews realised £300 each for
their catches. Some of these boats, belonging to other districts and
to English stations, took part in the fishing for only a short period.
It was most unfortunate that so many of the native boats should
have been absent during such a remunerative season. Swarms of
dogfish appeared on the grounds early in July, and put a complete
stop to the fishing for the season.
Shetland continues to be the chief centre for the prosecution of
this industry. The quantity of fish cured dried there last year was
61,065 cwts., or 72°18 per cent. of the whole quantity cured dried
in Scotland. Orkney and Stornoway come next, but last year fish
> y » y
1 : ‘ j 4 Batic . ” : : aa i
> ae, pi 7 4 ix, y nh) Pe > eK ay a)" ‘Rees ete
beginning of summer, and landed 164, 130 fish at Orkney. Although tof I
the fishing grounds around the Orkney Isles are productive, the . “a
native fishermen have never adopted. the use of great-lines at the ! et |
Be tod: and ling fishery, but adhere to the antiquated and less successful ae
- hand- lines. Were. the former method used, this important industry
os might undoubtedly be considerably developed. The water surround- mie
- ing the islands of Orkney, Shetland, and the Outer Hebrides, and — |:
also the Pentland Firth, round by Cape Wrath to the Island of ‘0 as aaa
| Tiree, abound with excellent cod and ling, but are only partially a
ep fished. ¢ ‘ ee 1
me ah : TR TERR : both me lay 2 ae
An: ; | ie
; ‘ ~ } ~ : ae ee
cigar : : Rei:
4 ae
f Tesh x. Sn \
oe Ltas'W iiicaet abel vale : .
heme ronal
ee . nb " xt gy ‘ rae :
UR STON ab, |) Sonera hie 0) pace SUNG an ae Rae . :
A 4 ; 4 ' daft a i : é
t q ; nil hy vy ek 3 te 4 : . |
by { i tee : | ay T bs | i *
a ‘ i ; \ 4 j
a : este once lenscageet oa eo dace 4 >= - ati + = } ‘
pees ts ty sat
Ag Wan \ } ie One Bi
Ae nA Se Diet a era,
Ue Si Peay ERAN YL gts’ } i
RK T, ) ees wi ; ss ! {
igen id eh of the Fishery Board Sor Scotland.
an ry , AG id AME Oe tel hie Wi Wee eel
it ' A , plas i) iN. * A Hc ml en Py fF a we 4
)) ‘ 4 Aad ah fi
wy 4 yy, A ay wy
, " , ’
35
were 5 not quite so plentiful in these districts as in 1 1888. Sixteen
English smacks prosecuted the fishing at the Farce Isles at the | ae
36 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report ‘
APPENDIX B,—No, re Ning dor on ue
COD AND| LING) FISHERY.—RETURN of the Number of Veésele fitted out) th
Soorpann for the Cop and Line Fishery, in, the Year, 1889; the Districts | from
which fitted out ; the Tonnage of the ‘Vessels, and the Number of Men ; ‘and t
Quantity of Cov) Line, and HAKE Cured on price ‘distinguishing aphethior
- Cured Dried, or Cured i in Pickle. .o° ¢o08 Vor ovEad peroodent ovideg
TTI4 SAELGS
” Total Quilitityes Coil, Ling;
: _and Hake Cured on, b rd
DISTRICTS. | Vessels, |Tontage.| “Mei. 9 fo es
go) oufeo Nomber)|) oi; ocQnred y(')'
of Fish. Dried.) >|
‘a Number. Tons. | Number.| Number. Cwts
———_ Fraserburgh, . : 9 188 54 42,174 1,687
a? Orkney, . : ‘ 16 1,021 166 164,130 3,871
iy Shetland, . ; . 27 1,301 302 437,871 11,272
eS, Campbelton, . ‘ 1 22 9 130 4
= Totals" ic ete 53 «| 2,582 | 581 | - 644,305 16,834
: ye . 4 A
; Br:
am APPENDIX B.—No. IIL
a COD AND LING FISHERY.—RETURN of the Total Quantity of Cop, Lino, and
id HAKE taken at the Cod and Ling Fishery in ScorLanp, by Boats and Vessels,
a and Cured on Shore, in the Year 1889; and the Districts in which Gared;
Be distinguishing the F ish Cured Dried, and the Fish Cured in Pickle.
e,
SY Total Quantity of Cod, Ling, and
Hake Cured on Shore.
DISTRICTS.
' Number of Cured Cured in
Fish. — Dried. Pickle. —
Number. Cwts. Barrels.
Techies 3 2) CRE ? Rayer ee 19,040 680 es
Anstruther, . : ; : ' 199,360 9,346 | 41
Montrose, : ; , : : 46,175 1, 500
Stonehaven, . : ‘ ; , 22,340 817. *
Aberdeen, i ; ‘ t : 90,426 3,726 16
Peterhead, . . : 4 . 63,783 2,740 244
Fraserburgh, . : ; , ; 88,240 3,332 £4" \
Banti,?-': , : : F : 75,725 2,994 bag
Buckie, . . ; : 5 ; 88,043 | 972 1,340
Findhorn, ; : : ; A 14,572 138 ec Oat
Helmsdale, . , i , ‘ 2,560 72 16
Lybster, . ' ; : y ; 16,990 ere ett 678
Wick, 1 : F : 186,208 3,843 3,564.
Orkney, 604,534 21,445 136
Shetland, 1,304,437 49,793 ee
Stornoway, 494,748 18,893 244
Loch Broom, . 63,000 2,170 85
Loch Carron and Skye, 69,348 2,694 oe
Fort- William, 44,655 1,880
Campbeliown, 42,616 1,792,
Total, 3,486,800 128,827 6,920
sh &: ° , . ( ; : ‘ : ey 7s Py ag Kh A -
5 2 y palit est ha eee i . fem m eer. ate te Ua enaoe Raa i i uaa :
de hn) ee Bi
TN ey -
s sain Fishery Board for Seotland. 37
x | : ~ APPENDIX B.—No. IV. |
COD AN D LING FISHERY.—RETURN of the Total Quantity of Cop, Lrye, and
_ Haxe taken, both Vessels and Boats, at the Cod and Ling Fishery in
-ScoTrLAND, ‘and ° Care in the Year 1889 ; and. the Distficts in which Oured ;
‘= distinguishing the Fish Cured Dried and the Fish Cured i in Pickle.
fe | A. Total Quantity of Cod, Ling, and
ie | Hake Cured. |
cy ase oa Number of |. Cured Cured in
ie - Fish. Dried. Pickle.
bee i -
aan a oor a Vn) Wa bales
4
. “Number, Owis. Barrels.
Leith, pee RS 1 SRP OCS 19,040. 680
‘Anstrutheryy we a RE (199,360 |) 9,846.
© MOntROBiy 2, moi te Suet. ee, ase 46, 175 |. 1,500
. Stonehaveny Oct: oie sh or go 2 Sn eo rg “92 340 | 817 |
Aberdeen, ; ‘ . i 90,426 | 8,726 |
Peterhead; .....- _. ‘ otis 63, 783. |. 2,740.
Fraserburgh, ‘ ‘ ees : 130, 414 ||. 5,019, |
Banff, . : } t a ae 75, 72% |} 2,994. |
Buckie, ts ; oe ae wen: 88, 043. |. 972
Se pin ROrTS, «0S crore | eatadey oo! 9 14,572) | 138 —
Helmsdalegs 5 5 a Bs 5 Be 2,560. kt ada
DPUSH ee oe on Oe yy eS, 16, 990 || a)
NCR cena toeey >, ye PAR el 186, 208 8,843 |
af CPG MAC aa ha ig 768,664 | 26,316
SHatlamdy ers chine aes oak te Lae, 30RD. 48,885. |
Stornoway, ; “FORTIS i "494, 748 |» 18,893
Loch Broom, . Seay 63,000 |, 2,170. © 8b
Loch Carron’and skye, : ; 2 69, 348 | (2,694 Rad
Fort-William, . ft f 4A, 655. | 4,880
Campbeltown, | Gey teen BA Du os «4B, is who (1,06 |
Bobi 2) GS oo 13 Raetvh 145,661
| {| j H r
io 3 | i i ° tieemen!
~ APPENDIX B. —No. V.
cop AND LING FISHERY.—RETURN of the Total Quantity of Gap." ec
and Faxe Exported from Scoranp, in the Year 1889; with the Districts from
which Exported ; distinguishing the Export _to Ireland, to’ the Continent; and
to places out of Europe ; also whether pared Dried, or Cured in | Pickl¢: wal
Po
t
Cod, Ling, oad Hake spread |
hi
\
ane To. heh. ee
~ Po the Places | , fale.
Continent, out of Total Exported.
: per Europe. | Mh ir
| DISTRIONE 4s bk ees 4:
AE Moen ste Ee Sa A See ig eras
é : = F ; t
Cured “Cured i in| “Cured |Cured in ead - Cured «'Cured in
| .} Pickle. | - Dried. ‘ickle. | Dried. | Dried. | Pickle.
‘arte
Se
Barrels.
p | Bareele.d Cots. Barrels, Cwts. | Cwts. -
Via Gf 15 TAL 7,065. | 38,9138 1. ;
oe: ae wef 1,488.) 1j488° Pee
206 } 2. f 2,000: I. 200 | 8,406 t: i»
BE GAO oe io tes ve 14,974 I: 36,484 re
BBOR Sas the cada |p. 2,989 Ps
| 896 3 SG BoB | 596 Me
1,653 td cath Recs Ce 1,553 :.
16,032. ROB OMS Le 2,287 |18,319 1 co
napa ny wines . <>,
65,023 32,685 | ... {10,990 | 108,698 ty
(
PRY Ole We We Pay oe ee i ay ee Fae &
ye 4 oA
: At f 7 » ly
Y Ae
a
re
‘bw
bh ne oe at: Alea }
Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
38
869‘80T
£2G “ ~ 001'ss
$916 is 6F9'L8
: “ten
3 I 9IL9¢
+ 6 96999
g ptr 8
ose [44 9F6‘6L
a 2 g99°eL
ee Z 696'F6
= S 89€'eL
om 9886S
ae 6 Ogs‘ts
"SOLO *9.0b ‘MQ
“OPP ur pearny) *pelid$ perny)
"poyrodxgy ayey :
pue ‘Surry ‘poo jo AyWUeNh Teo],
0z6'9
ZGO‘L
gec‘s,
0029
OOT‘L
£106'C
ote‘,
LEL‘L
qSL0F
FP6L‘L
LEL'S
6126
§619'8
8019
T€0¢ 8
"$70LL0
"OT AOl EE pom
gee 3
199‘GFL
91S‘ LET
ZE8'SE1
840° Zi
SIS'GSI
EGEE‘OGT
{Lestat
elect
TSPLGaT
ose
£006'L81
Lor‘III
a ¢
T88L L8T
sq)
‘poliq poring
‘pany eH
pur ‘Sury ‘pop jo Aqyuen?y [eq0],
; Op
ee ‘op
5 ‘op
. "op
* ‘op
. ‘op
. Gpis is
ile Ts 2
- op
, ‘op
. ‘op
: ep
: ‘op
. ‘Op
“06ST Av 187 ‘qScuqurpy
Paviors OF pavoed touts
IOJ ‘6881 qoqyura0acy ISTE popue IVdX
IO} ‘8881 Jaq uLsveq] ISTE pepue rvaz
IOJ L881 TaquLa0a(T ISTE pepua Iva x
_ Loy ‘9881 TequULseq ISTE pepue ree _
IO} ‘asst JaquMleoa(y ISTE pepus avs _
IOF “P88T Teguise ISTE pepuse avez
IO} ‘ess Lequiedaqy ISTE popus Ivaz
IO} ‘E881 JeqmMs0e([ ISTE pepue 1v8_
Io] ‘ ‘TSST JoquIs.a([ IS[g papuds Ivo x
IOF ‘08st ToquIsIE] ISTE pepus Iva _
IO} ‘6181 Joqulese(] 4STg pepua ree x
IO}. ‘8481 JaquIeda(y IS[g pepue vez
IO} yi LET Joqureveg] ISTE pepua avez
IOJ ‘9181 TaqwWe0 ISTE popue ree x
* — ‘KTUo puvy}0og toy ‘¢/ QT Iequreveq 4sTg pepud ava x
SdOlddd
‘68ST
IOqUI9.E(T ISTE 01 G/OT Vecondis f£ AST wo ‘sual huoysrg fo sounzvuboo wapun yybnoug sv wf os ur ‘xeok Kq reok
poytodxg pue pong aUVZ pure ‘ONI'T ‘Gop jo AyWUeNg jexoy, oy} Suimoys ‘ LOVaLsadV— AYHHSIA ONIT GNV Goo
TA °N—d XIQNdddV
4
~ APPENDIX C.—No. I.
TOTAL QUANTITY OF FISH LANDED.—STATEMENT, by Districts, of the Total Quantity and Value of the different kinds of White and Shell Fish landed in Scomuann, in the Year 1889, compared with 1888,
. 4 Saith Bs F Sole Flounder, Other kinds of |Potal Value : n
DISTRICTS. Herring. Sprat. Mackerel. Cod. Libs. Tord (Tusk).| (Gout Fish). Haddock. Whiting. Turbot. Halibut. (Lemon Sole), | Plaice, Brill Eel. Skate. White Fish. ee a Oysters. Mussels. Clams. Lobsters. Crabs. gene of pains Sake
; ahs ell Fish. | Shell Fish. | Value,
| Te ee eae a T as | eae 1 ie 2
erece Value. | Crans. | Value. | Cwts. | Value. | Cwts. | Value. . | Cwts. | Value. | Cwts. | Value.}| Cwts. | Value. | Cwts. | Value. | Cwts. | Value, | Cwts, | Value. | Cwts. Value, | Cwts. | Value, | Cwts. | Value. } Cwts. | Value.| Cwts. | Value. Value. | | Hundreds.| Value. Cwts. | Value.| Cwts. | Value. Hundreds.| Value. Hundreds,| Value.| Cwts. | Value.
EAST COAST. | ; i 5 :
: £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ fy £ £ £ £ £ ca £ £ £ 2 £
: 192} .-. 3 af ... | 8,565 | 1,028 “3 £ 266| 41} 42,341 | 18,044] 4,045 | 1,897 iy} 6 BRS ON an 175| 52]... Es, 9 2] 918] 48] 48397 # if ra e a : ;
Bypmonty lhe st th ee 3i7 ia| 6 | “9! 51495 | 28656 4 4| 2370} 372| 94,601 | 44654 | 6,930 | 2.643 | 1,067}, 2,441 | 929% 1,805 | 2.274] 3,159] 8,751 | 5,890 | 220] 190} 3,083 | 1,408 |13,432 | 2.913 | 105,350 315 175 | 24,765 | 1,342 | 21,545 | 2,980 30: 50 163 daast B78 18 of Bose: 113908
Anstruther, «| 20,089) 12/70D'|- 207) 28}... ... | 48,290 | 16,047 20 5 | 3,930) 445 | 31,004 | 14,504) 8,617 | 1487] 208| 302) o55| a92| ... .. | 3,805 | 1,487) 112| 126} 2997] ‘454| 5834) 495] — 50,126 = .. | 33,638 | 2,650 | 2,266] 283] 8910 | 379] s5isek| 2061) ‘sa4| 97 5470 | 55596
Montrose,’. . . | 88,165 | 22,051 70 6 7 9) 14,752 | 5,366 o 919 | 120 | 102,755 | 45,754 | 8,662 | 2.391 | 38424) 1,067 79 101. | 1,049 | 1,129} 8,830 | 4,952] 182 92} 1,019 | 234) 11,6637) 2589} 86,149 75,267 | 4,401] ... 2 57°61 935 | 4'9387 | 2456} 1858] 265 7367 | 93'506
Bifichaven, . cc. P1G7Be OVMGT Nee lee ges la. | “ic, |) LORS 4B OBR a 659 | 73 | 26106 | 10,806 | 4057} 818} | 19| 47 | 156 | ged) | | 75) 45] st] 74] 407) 70] 585 | ‘125 | _23:981 aS Ban at ee AR A | ORS ra 36| 46s | 780) 542] 82] 808 | 24179
Mupricen, eo. < \MOTSTT | BRABOIS eeel| oe. v. | 27,564 | 15,712 49 9| 4,711 | 877 |114,225 | 52.042 |12.990 | 4,080 | 3,827 |15,018 | 2,228 | 3,961 | 9,750 |15,431 | 28,855 |27,120| 78| 57| 4144] 852 116,581 | 1,577 | 191,915 S Me. cS ; 7 37 Grrl eae =) ae Poser gaat
Batarhoade ty a, (LOFTON BORDA vice Ween ti lieavarte cass) 27,052 24] 40] 4574] 388 | 47,709 | 19,080 | 4070] 887] 69] 174] 19914 2080] | 134) 39] 540] 288| 478| 998] 5837 | 1,158] Lo14| ‘212| 128002, 11,250; 288} J | +] ess 59 101 | 44| 2] 76 462 | 128-464
AO alee Ee Pee ae . oA w- | 18,450 190 | 26] 2860) 387 | 41,400} 19,024) 1,380] 315) 100) 269] ‘590% sep) 33| 560] 561) 366] 871) 578] 3,300] ‘560| 4304) 728| 155,266, 25 Pa teas a 51: 203 | 2148 | 891] 905) 100 1,196 | 156,462
pouerourety + Poren | aeaoe | oa 30} “io | 13°696 31 8 | 2013} 368 | 80,337 | 31,736 | 6,657 | 1,683 Bl <2kl)) aD Zar eee aes ‘s 936) 118) 238! 150] 822] 176| 175| 58| 54.769) ee ay 3 ras a of 58°30 | 251 ‘963 | 547 lie 798 | 55,667
Buckle, . . = | 28945 | 15,668 ... oar s we | 22,450 5 1| 867 83 | 60,988 } 25,204 | 1,549) 335 26 32} 366). 457]... big 82 85} 303] 131} 2577] 339) 4,423} 935 52,341 = ie Pm Be i: i 4:04 20 478 73| 132) 109 | 521450
Findhom, . . ~ | 19,714] 10,763) 550) 211) ... w. | 18,458 4 1} 395] 75] 50,763 | 19,087 | 4807 | 1,219] 439] 116) 543 75) ... .. | 2686) 1,163] 120} 51] 1,078| 277) 1,267| 329| 39,846 aa rei weOBB) |) OHBLn Nes. 8°45 39 170 67 | 904] 42 709 | 40,555
Cromarty, . . . | 5297] 2734| - Ss = 51. B87 * 90] 19] 10,298} 4,371] 622} 190 3 5 6 3 |e ak 585 | 315| 357|/ 105| 98] 29) 2021) 660 9,562 Fe 5. p 950}... se 19°75 84 9391 | 171 | 1,822] 210 1,415 | 10,977
Helmsdale,. . . | 14588) 9,958| ave ae -» | 5,805 215 29) 4148) 1,347] 338 94 b 1 Os (ca ee ag 761| 344]. a 165 59 | 1,530] 516| 14,293 af, sae Paya! |e DUG Po ies ~ 17-50 106 95 7 | 904} 118 507 | 14,800
Tybster, se eager | Wong | se "i Ez | 5049 rs oe $97 | 42] 2359] 635] 257] 59] .., ie 22 | x10 eas ¥ 14 4| 30 6} 30 6] 62] 13 9,439, fe Re bis ne 6°50 87 29 CH iengere ; 55 | 9494
tek, se epg 7p | 761078) |/o aes _ ak .. | 48,001 Wot] 44] 691s | 945] 30,367 | 4635] 729) 177) 86 | 141 | 985 | 1460] 8] 12] 2,632 | 1,103] 773) 504 | 6,333 | 1,756 | 7,925 | 2,038 105,041! BOL | Maral cl ae =. | 414-75 | 2,364 924 | 387 | 4,379, 718 3,506 | 108,547
East Const Totala ae 814,550 | 485,530 | 1,204] 259] 38] 28 | 309,478 711} 188 | 31,114 | 4,262 | 725,346 | 811,062 | 61,000 | 18,325 | 5,7644! 19,621 | 7,504$/11,480 | 13,1273) 19,820 | 58,338 | 43,382 | 3,846 | 2,222 |30,199 | 7,380 | 65,7834) 13,436 Fe 315 10,432 | 23,811 | 2,563 | 822-78 | 4,157] 26,090} 112,770 |14,013 | 2,141 | 82,288
peo ES ee a ee Se ee ee ee es | ee ee SS ee ae | Se eee ae
Orkney and Shetland. |
Orkney, . . . | 25,547 | 16,036 | -.. te ad vu. | 46,474 |12,820 | 7,473 | 2614 |1,044 | 190 | 9,104 | 1,174 | 10,885) 2709]. 87 | 20 5 3] 2,689 | 1,893]... Co lielilaer |) 4am .. | 4,497 | 1,079 | 5,589 | 224] 38,184)
Shetland, . . . | 28692] 24808] ... bt 180 | 30 | 86,582 | 17,611 | 4,641 |11,857 |8,658 | 1,164 |18,773 | 1,670 | 24,595 | 5,524) 44 ihe Pe een ener) wt 5 1 64] 19] 1,723) 163] 8105} 723] 66705
| lpaaccanial (ae, ———| lear at ar ‘ae tae | oT i <=. | _——— |
Orkney and natant 54169 | 39,844] .. | .. | 180] 30 |199,056 | 30,491 153,114 }14,471 | 9,702 | 1,854 | 27,877 | 2,844] 35,480) 8,283] 181] 29 5 3] 9,905] 5019] ... | ... | 1121) 423] 64] 19] 6,150} 1,242 |13,694| 947] 104,889. 111,628
Totals carried down, f | ~~ ” os ;
WEST COAST, s :
Stornoway,. . . | 69,480 45 4] 23 5 | 26,484 | 5,440 [40,089 |14,080] 974] 206 | 6,055] 68] 15,518 | 4,218] 181] 23] 102) 89| 3930| 1,693) ....| ... | 2,480] 696) 4,159] 1,948] 8,706 | 1,025 | 2585] 296] 97,998 | 180 20| Tr | 67 2}. | 2,237" 7,890 245 | li7| 6952| 930) f9,024 | 106,252
Loch Broom, 5,460 ‘S Be 19 4} 11,498 | 2881] 2394] 671| 85 | 21) 3956] 632] 5,853) 344] 832! 179] 117) 64) 182] tor} ... is 316) 76) 763) ‘984| 781) 133) 126) 93 8,851. aa cel LO8G| te TOG . | 38150 | 1.672 221 35 | 8471) 477 gogy | 11,140
Loch Carron and Skye, 36,882 * Se ait 1,682 | “425 191 |... | 28981 986) 482) 100) 107] 24} 43] 98] 54] 94 9 4| 128} 56| 799| 356] 133] 18] 867] 189] 16977 be - e a a3 va | 259° 1218 417 | 124 | 3,184] 469 1,806 | 18,783
Fort William, 13:70 eS Re 106 4| 5,564 | 2,490 865| 6 3| 2689} 597! 172] 140} 2393) 920 18| 28 2 Bisons .. | 1,787 | 554 | 38,7284] 2.134} 407] 10] 122] 62 8734 Joes |e 72 ilk See =. | 40875 | 1672] ... v=» | 4160} 789 2417 | 11,151
Campbeltown, . . | 33.975 ¥s 35 46! 56! 3,924 | 1,658 930)... .. | 4149] 943 | 1,607 | 1,258) 1,573, 1,412] 1023! 158] 114] 167] 900} 4481) 2'469| 2,217 | 1,052] ‘A44| 1,070] 285] 1,272| 340] 47,392 “84:35 | 20} 723} 68] 2. ~. | 83895 | 1,391 49g | 56 | 4682 | 1,152 2,687 | 50,079
Inveraray, . . —.._: |-26,249 7 as 46| 40| 468 | ‘267 32)| ts =. | 2464] 651} 210) 147] 239] “I58] ... He fe ms a Ss 72| 43 | 201| 157] 222] 44] 199] 99]. 43.4gn) | 1,402 701} 1174) 115 4 1] 98° 466 31 31 | 3,011) 601 1,915 | 45,395
Rothesay, . . =. | 8,280 * a) 20| 1,844 | 1,974 195}... = | 1270) 484] 1,879] 1,121) 1,727 | 1376] <.. a ie x 21 81| 299) 970] 249} 3195] 434] 131| 20 8| 17,597, e SAG atin ye oe FP 72° 303 6 31 1116} 243 870 | 18,467
Greenock, . . . | 1,840 iS x 99| 1,559] 1278 | BBihincg ae 627 | 295] 1,193) 985] 978| 764] 36] 99] ... a 40} 56 | 136341 1,004] 439/ 259] 455| 192) 480) 194 9,626 oh | 4785 | 192) oe ie iulaslgdsece |. SBEONIM vn a. | 252] 61 793 | 10,419
Ballantrae,; | | | 10,366 % a 64 | 8111 | 4488] 752) 508) 6 3 | 1,448| 425] 4/940! 2,607 | 2,737 | 1,272) 1503] 382 2-8 | 904 | 1,566 | 5,897] 4351) 939] 504) 1,530] 315) 2216] 935] 25,604 | 1,088 37] 1580] 91] ... | 182: 561} 613 | 287 | 1443] 997 2423 | 28,117
West Cot ‘Totals cr: \ 193,711 | 191,082 Bl 4 322 | 61,184 | 20,124 - 1,070 | 233 |25,481 | 4,881 | 31,304} 11,920] 8.6633) 5,432] 5691] 848] 3,6844) 1,997 | 1,264 | 2,105 | 14,8114! 9,267 |12,320 | 6,811 | 13,738 | 2,253 | 7,886 | 2,006 | 275,579 | 2,804% | 1,278] 16,519] 965 6 1] 4,113-20 }15,718 | 1,5828 | 603 }28,171 | 5,659 | 24,224 | 299,808
eet ne ee | : — Ne EL pe a | ee ee ee ee ea eee Le ee eee eee SS a ee
otals brought down. . ote . ]
| East Coast—Totals, . | 814,550 | 485,539 | 1,204} 259 28 | 309,473 | 121,546) 98,808 |15,208 | 711) 138 |31,114 | 4,262 |725,846 | 311,062 | 61,000 |18,325 | 5,764) 19,621 | 7,5043| 11,480 | 13,1274} 19,820 | 58,338 | 43,382 | 3,846 | 2,222 | 30,199 | 7,380 | 65,7833| 13,436 | 1,073,707 315 175 |168,905 | 10,432 |23,811 | 2,563 | 82278 | 4,157 | 26,090} 12,770 14,018 | 2,141) 32,238
ee 54,169 | 39,844 Pot 80 | 138,056 | 80,431 53.1 14 |14,471 |9,702 | 1,854 }27,877 | 2,844 | 85,480} 8233] 181| 29 6 3] 9,905! 5,019) ... .. | 1121] 428) 64| 19} 6150] 1,242 ]13,694| 947] 104,889 “a wy SIAL OI) DROS at .. | 82850 | 4574 70 24 | 11,447 | 1,861 6,739
West Coast—Totals, . {193,711 }191,082| 45 4) 451 | 922 | 61,134 } 20,124 — 16,814 |1,070 | 233 | 25,481 | 4,881 | 31,304) 11,920 | 8,534) 5,482 ay 848 | 8,084) 1,997 | 1,264 | 2,105 | 14,811}, 9,267 | 19,320 | 6,811 |13,738 | 2,258 | 7,886 | 2,006 | 275,679 | 28043 | 1,278 | 16,519 | 965 6 1 | 4113-20 |15,718 | | 1,582 | 603 }28,171 | 5,659] 24,224
Grand Totalsin Year1889,1,062,430| 716,445 | 1,249 263 664 380 | 503,683 |172,100) 18 45,493 111,483] 1,725 | 84,472) 17,987 | 792,180 | 331,215 | 69,6943 23,780 | 6,383) 20,472 | 21,0943) 18,496 | 14,9914 21,995 | 74.2704 53,072 | 16,230 | 8,52 |50,087 |10,875 [87,8634 16,889 | 1454175 | 3,9) | 1,453 199,834 |11,077 |23,817 | 2564 |5,76448 [24,449] 27,743 [13,407 158,631 | 9,061 | 63,201
Grand Totals in Year1888,] 783,249 | 551,026 | 4,310 | 807 598 | 397 | 469,453 | 205,794) 09,724 49,083 | 8,727| 3/478 |105,573 | 19,064 | 620,498 | 333,134 | 76,755 \25,037 | 5,424 /16,310 20,197 | 19.721 | 12,669 |16,512 87,184 | 55,918 | 6,797 | 3,689 | 59,089 | 12,014 104,414 | 20,176 1,332,760, 1,527 742 |249,627 | 15,366 | 20,674 | 2,918 |6,781°75 | 28.093 | 30,8179 |14,717 |55,578 | 9,892 | 71,728
| Tnoreases in Year 1889, |279,181 igB Ai t ve | 84,210| 2. 18 7m O66 aR a fs an a as {) 9144] 4162 | gave]... | 1,72ed) 5418). | Gas 4,868 |... Pies oe 121,418) ee 71) See EAT tare ee xe ropeln ys 2 al ae es
Decreases in Year 1889, |... en ls 3,061 cis| | 17| .. |33,604 nee 2,590 ee 1,763 |21,10i | 7,077 | 28868) 1,919] 7,0604 1,851] ... i ee ec.) ae , .. {12,918} 2846]... ... | 9,002 | 1,139 | 17,0503) 3,787 5 | : .. | 60,793 | 3689] |... | 854 |1,017-27 | 3,644] 30742 | 1,820] 1,947) 231 8,527
Note.—The total quantity of Herrings landed in Scotland in 1889, as ahove stated in crans, is equal to 8,718,505 ewts. Of this quantity, 1,397,507 barrels were cured, chiefly for exportation, ant 137,196 crans, or 480, 182 ewts., sold for consumption fresh. Of the total catch of Cod, 229,622 oil were cured dried, and in pickle ; of Ling, 93,474 cwts. were cured dried; of Torsk, 9131 ewts., and of Saithe, 41,3354 ewts. ;
; <sh the remainder o/ these Fish being disposed of for consumption fresh. \ |
ae’ ; f (p. 384.)
* > air
4 You!
ier»
q ae
: oh oe
14 (ye aed te
i i prea fi?
4 i; ;
phic hens
i :
etsy Bi Ay patel
he: oe
908 ‘set | zoe" gLt 82 0 0F9 ‘eat'e | 891 | esz ‘eu'ee 8& 6zE ‘oF #86' “12 490" FI] SSL [tbs |eso'st| 220'e! ess'r | ego'e | epttzelorecer! 6g8 ‘ares 619 oG0'T r¥e'sT| L19'ez * ‘(BIOL
eee Ps
esc‘, |F2b O8s‘T| 98 osm | LIT | 96L | F6z's |Fes'e |99c't Foe | “* | ** [oor | og [esp |o6s |o99 |oze't | cet |or9 | oat | oz | sog‘t|oro'e | * ‘ovqUU[vg Sten
: 3 -| 60FT [28 |ter | ST j9¢ ss 1" 1$8e, |€698 199 0F os 188 96 | Th eee |1et~ |ete | e¢ |2zec | ot | ze |eze [09 |* ‘yoousemp}
gi IgI ve foe [ome fone fom Looe Teor tery lez ler vee [ere fot fone fate Ponte foe [oe Poe one fone Poe foe fone |e Utusomog :
ee = gee - (6 te [et je¢ (93 | |r let [ce [op |oe |e lee 1ea |e Ie F p s jre |s [et lee ep | ‘umozzoadurp 2
~~ o 0¢z oo oe oes see aoe sos 06z 00¢ eee eee one oe tee one ee eee toe ase eee see | eee : ute soe | eee * ‘KouyIO - ~s
ns
=
3S
~~
~~
S
S
RQ |
S SIP eee eee see eee eee eee 08% e1g eee eee eee eee 19 $B eee vee Ww 10% S20 eee fee vou eee eee Le © “SOLM 4 2 ses
fa 199 (6 «|e |b [ot | | lez form jes jee | | s Jos {fe |e. foe feos |aea | | |o Jar for fee | ‘aamasosery a
S a¢9‘s6 \ege‘L |900'GT OOT [026 | IL LT | 010'LZ 929'8z Ter‘eT 0g2'6 | OF ez | exe's! ogz'e| tt | 224 6¢1'Ge. £92'69| FSF SII‘ | SLT | Lt oe'9 ore, | * ‘ueoproqy
S 62621 | FSS \09F'S | GL |Ste | T 2 | esz'g | oes'e |ezt't | got | OT It |926 |$00g | ¢6 cor | zos‘e |aez‘tT] 6t | 98 LP 96 |ec. |eno't | * ‘asoxjuory ee 2
=
a
wY
&
ie)
a
~
>
693'ce |TPL‘T | Ig9's | eFe |T9E'T | FT 1% | 10's | 6ce'¢ | 20's |6ez's | 99 |¥9s | ee0'c | 88g | 660‘r | gs6's | egz'zt\ cence] es |00z | ote | ecb lece'e |toe'orl* * ‘aneT ; =
F ba F F ie F F Sd F FS F | ¢ “2 as
tie a er wee. ss - —EE————————— - ‘ -
z “anqwA "81449 ‘anye A “SIMD ‘onTwA! "SIMO nm ‘S]MQ eaten "SIMD | OMIA “SAAD FONT! “SIMD /ONTEAY “SAAD Et ‘sq |onye A] “sya |onpe A! *s1MO [onze A| ‘83419 | é
= = ‘on[eA : ————— — See a Se : rs : aaa “4 z 73
a - [eyOL “ast Biancee : 4 S 3 ; ae ls “SLOTALSIA “ts eS
34 oT M JO "OyBAS 10 ‘goretg | CWS"OUOT) sangre “"yoqrny, ‘sum | ‘yooppey | C4STTP°O)| gay “pod .
4 J ‘ ‘ —
es
spury 1oy3O ‘lapunory 910$ . ce ayyreg | ! i ;
" pera “6881 189% oy} Ul “GNVTLOOS a pepury pue ‘s[OSSoA [MBIT, Ulvagq ka, waye} ust aqty M 2 =.
St AO SERPL FRONTED SAF FO CULE A DUB Aqyuend THIOL ey} Jo ‘s}o1ysiq Aq ‘INANE LYLS— STASSHA "TMVUL Nyda Aa CaN HSL
ol "OND XIGNadav
40 Appendices to Bighth Annual Report
APPENDIX (C.—No. III.
TOTAL QUANTITY OF FISH LANDED.—Details, takea from
the reports of the inspectors and district fishery offivers, of the
total quantity and value of the different kinds of white and
shell fish landed in Scotland, in the year 1889.
I. Dirrerent Kinps oF Wutre FIisu.
The white fisheries of Scotland are most productive on the East
Coast, owing, in a large measure, to the greater facilities there for
despatching fish to market for use fresh, and to the fact that.the
fishermen on that coast devote the whole of their time to the
prosecution of the fishing industry.
Beam-trawling continues to be prosecuted with much energy in
the Scottish fisheries. The number of vessels engaged in that
mode of fishing last year belonging to Scotland was 110, or an
increase of 8 over 1888. These were valued at £111, 174, and
the trawl-nets at £6204, giviny £117,378 as the total amount
invested in vessels and material. They fished principally frem the
districts of Leith, Montrose, and Aberdeen on the East Coast; and
Campbeltown, Rothesay, Greenock, and Ballantrae on the West
Coast. Besides the Scottish vessels, there was a large -fleet of
English trawlers fishing off both the East and West Coasts. Ex-
ceptionally large quantities of flounders and other flat-fish were
taken off the Orkney Islands, and in the Pentland Firth. The
gross quantity of all kinds of trawled fish landed in Scotland
during 1889 was 252,5244 ewts., valued at £158,306. They con-
sisted of cod, ling, saithe, haddock, whiting, turbot, halibut, sole,
flounder, plaice, brill, eel, skate, and other varieties of white fish.
A statement, by districts, of the total quantity and value of the
different kinds of white fish taken by beam-trawl vessels, and
landed in Scotland, will be found in Appendix ©, No. IT.
The total quantity of all the different kinds of white fish landed
in Scotland in 1889, amounted to 5,589,239 cwts., valued at
£1,454,175, and the value‘of shell fish, £65,201, giving £1,517,376
as the eross value of both white and. ‘shell fish. Of the catch of
white fish 4,200,687 cwts. were landed on the East . Coast,
480,0704 ewts. in Orkney and Shetland, and 908,4813 cwts. on
the West Coast. The total catch of white fish in 1888 was
4,633,5564 ewts., valued at £1,332,760, and the shell fish landed
was valued at £71 (28, giving a gross value of both fisheries as
£1,404,488, or an increase of 955,6824 cwts. in quantity, and
£121,415 in value of white fish, but a “decrease in the value of |
shell fish to the extent of £8527. There was thus a net increase
in value of fish landed in 1889, of £112,888,
Some particulars follow of the total quantity and value (to the
fishermen) of the principal kinds of white fish landed.
Herrinc.—The total quantity of herrings landed in Scotland last
year, was 1,062,430 crans, valued at £716,445, or an increase of
279,181 crans, and £165,419 over 1888." The average price obtained
was 13s. 6d. per cran, or 3s. 10d. per ewt., against 14s. 1d. and 4s, re-
spectively in 1888. The East Coast yielded 814,550 crans, Orkney
2 eee ey eee) 8 .
of the Fishery Board For Scotland. 41
and Shetland 54,169 craris, and the West Coast 193,711 crans. Of
the gross catch landed, 137, 196 crans were sold for use in a fresh
state, and 925,234 crans cured, chiefly for exportation to the
Continent. The most successful districts were Fraserburgh with
204,272 crans, Peterhead 167,705 crans, Aberdeen 107,411 crans,
Wick 99,079 crans, and Stornoway 69,480 crans.
_ Sprat,—The sprat fishing of 1889 was a failure, the quantity
taken amounting to only 1,249 crans, valued at £263, being 3061
crans and £544 respectively, less than the preceding year, and no
less than 31,751 crans and £5308 under 1887. The fluctuation in
this fishing is more striking than in any of the other fisheries.
Sprats are seldom taken except in the months of January, February,
November, and December, and, are usually got in the upper reaches
of the Firths of Forth and Tay, and the Moray Firth. Occasionally
a few are taken in the Stornoway and Fort William districts. This
variety of fish is of comparatively little value, and when abundant
a.large portion of the catch is disposed of, at a very low figure, for
manure. The average price obtained last year was 1s. 24d. per cwt.,
that of 1888 being Is, 3d.
MAckereL.—The quantity of mackerel landed last year was 664
ewts., valued at £380, or an increase of 66 cwts., but a decrease of
£17, in value as compared with 1888. The East Coast only yielded
33 cwts., Orkney and Shetland 180 ewts., and the West Coast 451
~ ewts. —Shetland, Greenock, and Fort William districts showing the
largest’ quantities. This fishing has never been a distinct one in
Scotland, as most of the fish landed were caught in nets set for
herrings. The average price obtained last year was 11s. 53d. per cwt.
while i in the previous year it was 13s. 3¢d. per cwt.
Cop.—Last year’s catch amounted i 503,663 cwts., valued at.
£172,100, being an increase over 1888 of 34,210 ewts., but a
decrease in value to the extent of £33,694. This large decrease
was, in a great measure, due to the low prices obtained at many of
the statioas during the season. The average price obtained by the
fishermen for det catches was 6s. 10d. perewt., or 1s. 8d. below that
of 1888. The most successfal districts were Shetland, Leith, An-
struther, Orkney, Wick, Peterhead, Aberdeen, and Stornoway. The
Hast Ovast yielded the largest quantity, amounting x to 309,473 ewts.,
Orkney and Shetland 133,056 ewts., and the West Coast 61,134
ewts. ‘
OF the total quantity fanided beam-trawl vessels accounted for
23,677 ewts., valued at £14,341, or an average of 12s. 1d. per cwt.
Most of their catches being landed in the districts of Leith, Aber-
deen, and Ballantrac—the best fresh fish markets in Scotland—they
cominanded a higher average price than the general rate.
Ling The total quantity of ling landed last year was, like the cod,
in excess of the previous year, ‘and the value less, the figures for 1889
- being 134, 481 ewts,, and £46,493, an increase in quantity of
34,759 cwts., but a decrease of £2590 in value. The average price
obtained was 6s, 103d. per cwt., against 9s. 7d. in 1888. The
districts which akbwee the largest returiis were Shetland, Storno-
way, Orkney, Fraserburgh, Peterhead, Aberdeen, and Wick. The
East Coast ‘esas nt cps cewts., Orley and Shetland 53, 114 ewts.,
- land—the districts which yielded most being Aberdeen, Montrose,
42 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
and the West Coast 48,059 cwts. Swedish luggers prosecuted
this fishery off Shetland with their usual success; but owing to the
very low prices offered by local curers, they went home with their
catches.
Of the above catch, beam-trawl vessels landed 1055 ewts., valued
at £679, the average price obtained being 12s. 10d. per ewt.
Torsk (Tusk).—The torsk, unlike the cod and ling, is only
found in a few localities. The total quantity landed last year was
11,483 cwts., valued at £1725, being an increase in quantity over
1888 of 2756 cwts., but a decrease of £1753 in value. The average
price obtained was only 3s. per cwt., or 1s. 7d. less than in 1888.
The bulk of the catch was landed at Orkney and Shetland, Storno-
way coming next. Some years ago this variety of fish realised
high prices but of late it has not been in such demand and has
consequently fallen in value. No torsk are reported as having
been landed by beam-trawlers.
SAITHE (CoaL FisH).—Saithe are more or less abundant at every
fishing station in Scotland, but are particularly so in Orkney, Shet-
land, Wick, Stornoway, Aberdeen, and Peterhead. The total quantity —
landed last year amounted to 84,472 cwts., valued at £11,987, being
a decrease under 1888 of 21,101 cwts. and £7077 respectively.
These fish are not much relished as an article of food, and usually
sell at low prices—the average price last year being 2s, 10d. per
ewt., against 3s, 2d. in the preceding year.
Of the total catch, 2312 cwts., valued at £839, were landed by
beam-trawlers, the average price ‘obtained being 7s. 3d. per ewt.
Happock.-—The total quantity of haddocks landed last year
amounted to 792,130 cwts., valued at £331,215 or a decrease under
1888 of 28,368 cwts., and £1919; but an increase of 146,412
cwts. over the average for the preceding five years. The average
price obtained was 8s. 4d. per ewt., or 3d. more than in 1888.
Next to the herring, the haddock continues to be the most abund-
ant and the most valuable of all the white fish taken in Scotland,
and every district contributed, more or less, to the aggregate catch.
The East Coast yielded last year 725,346 cwts.—more than nine-
tenths of the gross catch—Orkney and Shetland 35,480 ewts., and
the West Coast 31,304 cwts. The districts which produced the
largest quantities were Aberdeen 114,225 ewts., Montrose 102,755.
ewts., Leith 94,651 cwts., Banff 80,357 cwts. and Buckie 60,988
ewts. During the last few years, the Shetland haddock fishery
has been gradually developing, but in 1889, the catch was 3461
cwts. below that of 1888. A considerable proportion of the total
catch was smoked and cured as Findon haddocks.
Of the gross catch for 1889, beam-trawlers landed 123,249 cwts.,
valued £57,145—the average price obtained being 9s. 3d. per cwt.
Wuirine.—The total quantity landed last year was 69,694 cwts.,
valued at £23,786—a decrease under 1888 of 70604 cwts. and
£1851, respectively. The average price obtained was 6s, 9d. per
cwt. against 6s. 8d. in 1888. The East Coast contributed 61,000
cwts. Orkney and Shetland 131 cwts., and the West Coast 85634
ewts. Whitings were taken, more or less, in every district in Scot-
Leith, Banff, and Buckie,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, ; 43
Of the gross catch, 5035 ewts., valued at £1888 were landed by
beam-trawlers.
TurBot.—Last year’s catch of turbot Palena an increase over
1888 of 9144 ewts, and £4162 respectively, the total quantity
landed being 63384 ewts., valued at £20,472. The average price
was £3, 4s. 7d. per ewt., or 4s. 7d. more than in 1888. Turbot are
always in good demand and usually command high prices as com-
pared with other sea fish, but are never found in great abundance
on any part of the Svottish coasts. The districts which yielded the
largest: quantities were Aberdeen, Leith, Montrose, Anstruther, and
Ballantrae, while Lybster, Shetland, Inveraray, and Rothesay did not
— contribute any.
Of the gross quantity landed, 5077 cwts., or 80 per cent., were
taken by beam-trawlers, and sold at an average of £3, 11s. 3d. per
cwt. Aberdeen contributed 60 per cent. of the whole catch, and Leith
‘16 per cent., nearly all of which was landed by beam-trawl vessels.
Hauiput.—tThe total quantity of halibut landed last year was
21,0944 ewts., valued at £18,496—an increase of 8974 cwts. in
quantity, but a decrease of £1225 in value, as compared with 1888.
The average price was about 17s. 6d. per cwt., against 198. 6d. —
in the prewiaus year. The districts which yielded most were
Shetland, Stornoway, Orkney, and Aberdeen—the lowest prices
being obtained in the three first-mentioned districts.
Of the gross catch, beam-trawlers only landed 844 cwts., valued
at £158, or an average price of 37s. 6d. per cwt. Ib i is noteworthy
that although trawlers caught 80 per cent. of the turbot taken
last. year, they only landed -39 per cent. of the total catch of |
halibut, the latter fish being seldom taken by this mode of fishing. “
SoLE (Lemon SOLE). —There was an increase in the soles landed 4 iT
last year over 1888 of 17221 cwts. and £5413 respectively—the ae
quantity landed being 14,3914 cwts., valued at £21,925. The tse’ |
average price obtained s was 30s. 5d. per ewt. This variety of fish is apa ee
_ highly prized, and usually commands a ready sale and good prices. ri
_ Aberdeen has all along been the best district for these fish. ri PhaNe
quantity landed there last year was 9750 ecwts. or 67 p ,
cent. uf the total catch. Fair quantities were landed at Leith, Mon. tt
trose, and Ballantrae, but fifteen districts did not land any. Ss aa |
Nearly the whole catch was taken by beam trawlers—14,064 ‘ |
ewts, valued at £21,384, being landed by them. The average price a
was 30s. 4d. per ewt., against 26s. in 1888. Asa |
|
|
FLOUNDER, PLAICE, and Britu.—The total quantity of these fish 7 r
landed last year, was 74,2704 ewts. valued £53,072—a decrease ieee
under 1888o0f 12,9135 cwts., and £2846 respectiv ely. The average , |
price was 14s. 3d. per cwt. or 1s. 6d. more than in the preceding ae
year. The districts which contributed most to the catch were |
|
Aberdeen, Montrose, Leith, and Ballantrae. ae
‘The trawlers landed 46,329 cwts., or 62 per cent. of the gross aa
catch—A berdeen contributing 28 676 cwts., Montrose, 5856 ewts., ay .
and Leith 5359 cwts—the average price obtained being 16s. 8d. wa. Bip
th perWEe 3 i. PP
ConGER Exr..—This fish, a few years ago, was considered of very
Tittle value, but recently, it has commanded a ready sale at higher
, , :
te é: ” phos Se : i i tee i gente 8 ' + se? hy ne 2.
nikal BAY el es ans ee em ye Ae PSO ae meV Ae Ue wee? OR eA :
4 44 Appendices to Bighth Annual Report
hh prices than Buy of the other round fish. The quanity landed last
year was 16,230 ewts., valued at £8,552—an increase over 1888 of
9433 ewts, and £4863 respectively. In 1886, the catch only
a amounted to 1308 cwts. The average price obtained was 10s. 6d.
i per ewt., or 4d. less than in 1888, The East Coast yielded 3846.
; ewts., Shetland 64 cwts., and the West Coast 12,520 ewts. |
Of the sross catch, beam-trawlers only landed 293 cwts. |
SkATE.--The total quantity landed last year amounted to 50,087
cewts., valued at £10,875, or a decrease under 1888 of 9002 ewts.,
and £1139 respectively. The average prive was 4s. 4d. per ewt.,
or 4d. more than in the preceding year. Skate were more or less
plentiful in every district, but particularly so in het dei Peter-
head, Wick, Aberdeen, and Orkney, |
Of the gross catch, ‘beam-trawlers landed 3183 ewts., vite at
£640, the average price obtained being 4s. per cwt.
Orner Kinps or Wnuire Fisu—The fish included under this
heading embrace a great many varieties—the most important how-
pt. ever being hake, bream, gurnard, cat-fish, and sillock. The total
q quantity landed ‘amounted to 87,3634 cwts., valued at £16,389-—a’
falling off under 1888 of 17,0504 ewts, and £3,787 respectively.
A large proportion of the fish taken were of comparatively little
value, the average price being only 3s. 9d. per cwt., against 3s. 10d.
in 1888. The districts which gave the largest returns were Aber-
deen, Leith, Montrose, Shetland, Wick, Orkney, Buckie, ‘and
F raserburgh.
Of the gross catch, 28,176 ewts., valued at £4202 were inded
by beam-trawlers, and sold at an average as of 2s. 11d. per cwt.
y Il. Dirrerent Kinps or SHELL Fisu.
The total value of all the shell fish landed in Scotland last year.
was £63,201, against £71,728 in 1888—a falling of to the extent:
| of £8527. Every variety exhibits a decrease, with the exception
of oysters, whish show a smail increase over the preceding year...
3 Some particulars follow as to the total quantity and value of.
each of the different kinds of shell fish landed. :
OystER.—Last year’s returns of. this fishery show an improve-
ment as compared with 1888, the total number of oysters landed.
being 31194 hundreds, valued at £1453, or an increase over. the.
preceding year of 15922 hundreds, and £711. respectively. The
average price obtained. was 9s. 3d. a hundred, or 5d. less than in
1888. They were only landed in one district-—-that of Leith—on.
the East. Coast, and. in four districts. on the West Coast... Inver-.
aray yielded 1402 hundreds or 449 per cent. and Ballantrae.
1238 hundreds or 39°6 per cent. of the total quantity landed,
MusseL.—Tihe total quantity landed lash year was 188,834 cwts.,
valued at £11,677, against 249,627 cwts., valued at £15, 366. in.
1888. The a price obtained was the same as in the pre-.
ceding yea The most productive’ beds upon.
the East Coast are. “aitnated i in the upper, reaches of the Firths of
Forth and Tay, the mouth of the Eden, Moray Firth, and the:
district of Montrose. On the West Coast the largest mussel bed
decrease under 1888 of 1947 cwts., and £231 respectively.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, — 45
isin the Firth of Clyde, off Port Glasgow, but mussels are found,
in. more or less abundance, in a large “number of the West Coast
lochs, and afford the local fishermen a plentiful supply of bait.
The districts which showed, the largest returns were Montrose
75,267 owts., Anstruther 33,638 cwts., Leith 24,765 cwts., Cromarty
12,921 cwts., and Peterhead 11 250 ewts. Occasionally the East
Coast fishermen get large consignments of mussels from the north
of Ireland, '
) OLAM, a year 23,817 cwts, of these shell fish were landed,
valued at £2564, being an increase of 3143 cwts. in quantity, but
a decrease of £354 in value, as compared with 1888,
The average
price was 2s. 14d, per cwt, or Sd. less than in the previous year.
Clams are chiefly found in the Firth of, Forth, on extensive beds
lying off Prestonpans and Cockenzie. Leith district contributed
21,545 ewts., and Anstruther district 2266 cwts. A few were also
Janded i in Stornoway and Inveraray districts.
Lopster.—The number landed last, year amounted to 576,448,
valued at £24,449, being a decrease under 1888 of 101,727, and
| £3644 respectively. The average price obtained was 10d, each,
against 9#d. in the previous year. Stornoway district gave the
largest return, the number landed there being 223 700. or one-
third of the total cateh, while Orkney accounted for 82,850, Wick
41,475, Loch Broom 38, 150, and’ Campbeltown 33,895. With the
exception of Shetland, a few hundred lobsters were landed at each
of the other districts. It is very remarkable that, while lobsters
are very numerous in the Orkney Isles, none are found in the
neighbouring Shetland Isles.
CRAB. —Fewer crabs were taken last year than in 1888, the
number landed being 2,774,300, valued at £13,397, or a decrease of
307,470 and £1320 respectively. The average price was ls, 11d.
a score, against 2s. in 1888. The most productive districts were
Leith, Anstruther, Montrose, Eyemouth, and Fraserburgh. A few
were landed in Orkney, but none in Shetland, Fort William, or
Greenock. The quality of those found on the West Coast is not con-
sidered as good as of those found on the East Coast, and consequently
the former are not in such demand as the latter, and if forwarded to
the southern markets would scarcely realize sufficient to cover
carriage and other expenses.
OTHER KInps oF SHELL Fisu.—The varieties which come under
this head are chiefly, the cockle, whelk, limpet, and razor-fish.
The total quantity landed was 53,631 cwts., valued at £9661, a
The
average price obtained was 3s. 7d. per cwt., against 3s, 64d. in
1888. The districts which contributed the largest quantities were
Orkney,Stornoway, Wick, Campbeltown, Fort William, Loch Broom,
Shetland, Loch Carron and Skye, and Inveraray. Cockles have
always been found in great abundance on the West Coast, and have
been largely used by the natives as an article of food, and oecasion-
ally as bait. The richest beds are in the Outer Hebrides, particu-
larly at the north end of Barra, where large quantities have been
regularly ¢
markets,
gathered for many years and despatched to the southern
‘During the last five years the Barra cockle beds have
4 = ae eg ‘ , \ ‘ x ia
fs 0 f Pele iat he ay re hes ND Ne ty od A 7
SE Ne OES EES nok SA Py WhO ee gee
.
7 ‘7 , Uy. & ’ Te Pa a
PTA SN ele Te
wt eA alee thi eeeuale bine a ‘
46 Appendices to Highth Annual Report
yielded 29,233 cwts, valued at £3281. The dhe taken last
year amounted to 4880 cwts, against 2149 cwts. in 1888, and 3719
ewts. in 1887. :
Whelks are plentiful both on the East and West Coasts, and are
regularly forwarded to the southern markets—where both whelks
and cockles find a ready sale.
Limpets are found attached to the rocks all round the coast, and
are largely used as bait, and occasionally, in some districts, a3 food,
Razor-fish are not oenerally found in large quantities in Scotland,
except on some of the sands on the West Coast during low tides,
the most productive locality being Broad Bay, in the Island of
Lewis. Immense quantities are occasionally procured in this bay,
and, being much esteemed as an article of food, are despatched to
the southern markets. )
The aggregate value of all kinds of fish, including shell fish,
landed in Scotland during 1889 was, as previously stated,
£1,517,376—an increase over the preceding year of £112,888.
| DUGALD GRAHAM, Sceretary.
Fishery Board for Scotland, 3
Edinburgh, lst May 1890
Mom-9 I~ U8 Vib
4
VAAL 101 DS Tense abe lia IOT, -
r avi jeal ond eat. 2d: odie
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 4'7
APPENDIX D,—TABLE I.
FISHERY STATISTICS.—RETURN of the Number of Boats, Decked and
Un-decked, irrespective of the places to which they belong, employed in the
Herring Fishery i in SCOTLAND, in the Season of 1889, in a ‘selected Week for
each District, with the Number of Fishermen aud Boys by whom manned;
of Coopers, Gutters, Packers, and Labourers employed at the said Fishery
- in the Week so selected ; and the Total Number of such Fishermen and
other persons so employed.
te , Total
Districts where the Boats} | Fisher- Gutters
were employed at the | Boats, |menand| Coopers.| and vena rate
Herring Fishery. Boys. Packers. ployed
Eyemouth, . . | 312 | 1,799 | 158 | 1,146 | 319 | 3,422
ei aay antes Mel es bs aed Ya 4g | 295 | 915 | 958
Anstruther, . . | 169 | 1,183 | 47 | 155 54 | 1,439
Montrose, ne UR het 156 1,044 103 698 105 1,950
Stonchaven, . . | 68 | 476 |~ 28 | 210 26 | 740
Aberdeen, m 2 409 | 2,659 175 1,886 398 | 5,118 ;
Petiheain ce. 8 Os 506 | 3,012 321 | 2,283 | 240 | 5,856
Fraserburgh, . . 750 | 5,052 420 | 2,970 502 | 8,944
Banh eects eee eth Sat, COTk 64 | 410 44 | 1,492
Buekiego si ie cy 160 976 76 576 | . 49 | 1,677
‘Findhorn, . . | 104 | 636 57 | 496 42 | 1,231
Cromarty, pea 48 244 Les, {he 1 26 10 384
‘Helmsdale, . . | 192 | 736 67 | 462 | 34 | 1,299
Lybster, . . 70 | 422 get! 968) |" SO EL. Bz
Wick, . . >. | 442 | 2,920 | 807 | 2,047 | 197 | 5,471
2 eal eg RR gna SEI 1 Re a PURE gk Si ge Be 9
Shetland,. . . | 400 | 2,588 | 133 | 1,249 | 96 | 3,991
| Stornoway, . . | 1,121 | 6,721 | 377 | 3,007 | 385 |10,490
Loch Broom, Bin ea de. OD 400 4 100 4 508
cat Carron and pare 634 | 2,201 74 486 27 | 2,788
Fort- William, pg 60 132 Ee a 3 189
Pedarnpbaltown, 02? ho aye: A’ Paty 13 | 129 62 | 1,621 _
Inveraray, spe ‘ 258 936 4 eg heen 7, 997
Rothesay, . Reape 294 882 ge 30 11 927
| Greenock, 5 7 | 262] 40 | 390 | 107 | 799
ek ree = Bae be ABS 620. 34 90 91 | 835
|
‘
Appendices to Lighth Amvual Report
1 a - a. pi a cites aromas imran min) eine eee a rae Se aes St fee Si ee Se ps —— ict Ss a + tae.
08" £09'T =| 00L'96T | 618° LF9 | 8 86L'8Z8 cs | ass 12" 66 ‘66 | 82 SLL'SP SS ¢99°S | TL0°T. | gb GbG LE | ShSCST PIL'SL | 09! | OTL | £6 ‘ZT |19 T92°¢. | ge 13. | 683° | LOT'FS | y09's | St@20L > Ne
IES SEF eae = Ie eas as eis Fog eles ae ; att,
TgL'9 | 9FL'T 90¢°9 | 621'6 098 | #68 “| £8 OF . eco =| egc't | Tee GE |. Gh ~ | 86B £95 816) | 9F gi i ourpanrreg ey
Tos‘2E - | ¥E9 60F*F 8EF°L geo'L. | elt | Ib 6s Ler |, £26 W220 S| 08s =). SPL SOT 7 Pils } Sel ¥% a f° “yoomea.ty | Sia
2E0'TT 0zs | e¢e'o LLE'> $99 661 r-< é1 OSF ecO'T | 696 >| G9 |. ¢ | CI 96 OL. Ief>- Sot “S | 2 * - ‘fesaqoy {tq
cov'ss | PSE'T | GZL'IL | GSG'CT | GFT. | S08 P 8I L60'T [996% | OLb 2 | “> "1 816 6El- | BST | 90 =f 98 | Fb » *AvneIoauy a
SEL‘Ze 610'T b ShL'ST 816° LT 988°%.. | TSL t= «| OS )~—'|s«T9H'S _4-eES'S -| GZ9 0st OL -| OTF 802 . | PLE “| 69. $99 © | 88 ‘umogpoqdured ; .
ZST'6 £08, | €18'S 999°¢ Bc9'T | BFF g 61 SsI'T | -8srit | toe Ae fete 689, 688 91¢ OSE. |:€96 = | ST * SUUBHTEM “10g =
IST'F¢ 68FS = 9FO'ES 919° 2 660'F | 8F6 PL SL #H6G =| IST'S | €L16 Eh a SE OBB Tah FOO o9g't | 8I@2 | 9g ~-| Te °° Safa ae
: } ‘ . 2 z i 7 P * tie : 2 . : ms cate ots s UBUOIIED NOT
98'S | EBT | OBL SI | EE9'8 698" ‘, | 16 8 ina 968'T | Fr6S Seo: Rigs Corameey fad Ses 9FE 89 OIL'T | FL " “Mmooig YooT
98F'Z8 | ¥66'6 | 926 TE | 99S'OF - | H9F'6 | I89'E | EL G¢ cpo'¢ | S116 | 66F'T | °° "| 6F8'S | €8L Sele | o8b 189°g | 1&8 * ‘Avmou.toyg ;
26S'99 .-| OZT‘L | O89'G% C6L‘8E ec0'L- | OSE 4 O18. | #8, ~ | SZO's | T69'¢ | 868 «| “*: mAs Lor . | 08 OI #00'¢ . | Tze * . *pusyeyg
G2G1G | OFGT . | err'G | Tre'OT =| GSTs | 18 Gg 0g 161% | 069's | TE9 * “198 | Ish | SOL | 8 99'S | SOT " * “hewyig | :
GHV'E6 .| OFF |.006'0F | 609'8h— | LFB'L 1 929° | OLE —— | FIT —~} LORE | B08 8) EBL—— SEE E28 T0980 ee — eee
1ORGI =| (FSS. 0109 =| -L00°9 GOT | 996 | LE OL | 0z9 81's | €ST Se bgeetag 'S : LG O21 GG 609°6 | FOL * t Ntoasqa'T
OsS*cl | S18'T . | SL6'9 LLE'L 1L6'L, | OLE 89 PL | 619-0644 1,881 «4)° 5° ae rt 66 Fr. | Ga 8h, | 69F'L., | 86, , Seppe ot
} cesiss | Greg | ogg‘es | ace‘ =| oFF'a | OFE'T | ST g PLOT | G69S | FEE @ Ps" tl OTS $8 > | Leg CIB) |SeG B= | 68F <p? AyammorD
E8l36 | 96¢'9 L80°F |: OLS'6F | GOL'b | 209% | ZB 8Z €60'% | 6669. | 868 37: ee SEL & 889 ~f SOT Pesie > | 9B f+ “ULOYpUTT
CFOLGT | BECLT | OLE'88 | OZF'IG | G2T‘L | oFe's | €8 FB GOES | COP TT | FOL | et ASS GL | S06 o_ OPO IT | 299 | * .t. feppong
| 6S8'99 OOs's | She GS | HIE GE | GeL%.| FOOT | $9 L@ _,| 0091 | 8209 | Ege ¥ Pe GPO te | PLS 9L¢ 96 098'b | SZ are |
| OFL'FG | OSL . | T9E'hh 9&6 ‘GP 66'S | GLEE | OGF 68 GGL }.906°9 | 099 | * Si PES’. | BZ 629 ZIT | OOF | OL ~—s|: * “US.aMquosetg
Se FOL | FED'S §—=—«-—OBB'GE | -GAL'NG | FIB'S | OFH'S | BE | SIT LEG'T | €98°9 | 6FS eG OLE 98 989 | SFT L66°¢') | STE fF * < Spuoytojog
L1g'96 | OZI'F 93 eat 91g‘9¢ Geo'S> | TPLF <4 SLI IF 828 ELL% | Bz 6ZL‘T €l | 00t 0¢ 969 9LE 8F9'E- | Ot * -sueapredy
LOBEL | S10% ~~ $868 | SLE'ET | TL'1 | 889 66 & 1¢¢ 0g6'T | 60% Ss eee Bee t91 IF oot - | IIT * “UdAvtfouoys
| 96122 | G18'8 | B8T‘0% BECP 906°¢ | $ct's | OT St 1ze'T |-€9T'@ 7 19 ose € LE ~66T ~~ | 620'T | 88 | -L8ee— | TIS * ~~ *esesUOTT
90L'S9T | 906ZI | F96's8 | 9es's9 =| QsL'¢ | SLO‘% | T9 6h Gog’ | G6S'IL | 118 981 G O1Z Sol 696 | GB *| LOZ OT | SEE "Toy Mysuy 2
6ESFEL | Ber'9 Score | GFS'86 =| Goo «| 9I9'S | BF a 916'T |,99F'9 | 9F¢ 909 | 8ST | 83L) | It 6¢s'T | 108 8L1'% | 98L een | ys
€10'09 | 929°9 | SEL‘9Z 68¢'9G 816° | 88% “| 6ST ag - | oge't “fese"g. [gee =) ere 23) 86% 66 GI'T | LST 690° F | 98% * ‘qynomoesq
c | F | F Ft “MOQUNAT “LIQUNAT |“ saquing |\"4aquin AT “WaQUiNnAT| “SUOT, |“laQuinyy| *sUuoy \laqunyy| “suoyz |*daguinay “SUOT, “MOaQUNAT| “SUOT | 4equinn,
“*S[OSsaA :
“TROL ‘SOur'T ‘SJON = [ANB], “gy : | ‘[9O3 499F SL [9a Joos ‘spivadn pus
| puv sqvog | ‘pofojd | *(pagn *sfog- | ; iopun O€ 0} ST Woty [204 4097 OF ;
Te see) Sg Uys 7). *s1oInd |puv woul ; *STOSSO A TABI, SSUIO PATLL ‘Ssu[Q puodses ‘SSBIO ISITT :
Suos.io.T pug slpdoep -Ysty Oust (OL wvoeg SLOTUISIG
—JO (paws) MBA | [BJ0OL | 10430
| ; ‘SLYOd ONIHSIA .
‘soury pue ‘sjen ‘sjessaA [MeIT, Ulvog ‘syeog JO ONTBA Pozeurtyse O47 YITA | < padoydtua suosieg 12430 pur ‘sedoop ‘s16119- YSstq JO Jequinyy oy3 ‘ peauvu
woys Aq sfog pur UdTLIOYSTY JO daqunN oy} | BuOIAq Aoy}-Yoiya 04 JOUASIC O47, YITM ‘689, 1v0oA 04}, UL ‘ANVILOOG Jo Selleysiy veg 1oyjZO pue _
Suulepy ogy ut peXozdwoe ‘sjesso, [Mel], Wee pue ‘poxoopuy pur pexyoo ‘sjeog jo osvuUOT, pus LeqIUNNY oy} jo NYOLaa— SONSILVILS AWAHSTA
‘Tl dia yoi—'d XIGNGddV
49
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
"181 OT, oy ke *S19[ MBI, SUTTTES *SIOTMBLT, UIBOIS
| F009 | arnt | sr | 286" | om | yee't | ocr | zoe |. ero | ee | ots's | sos'sot | gue | ose’ | se | ‘tooy :
| ZS ooc'z | 26 | ee |. er ae ~o9n't | 06 792. | 09 | 00¢ n|ose’ | Se os gearananesy
Z6F Scl't Le 02 a Boz sce oF PIT | et OFZ 008‘¢ Il 91 Theat a es Sonos
0¢ 0ST 91 oC ereet eoe o¢ | Ost 91 eg ¢ = | eens Ze Seed Ele ent A § See ee Mamma
00€ 000'2 0¢ ost | or 008 ooo'z | 0¢ ost | OF a a = oe we fs + + rm oyTeqdureg
00st | 902‘¢% €6 6eL'T 3 e: “es Jit eS == oos‘T | 90z‘8F | 6 6EL'T ee" : : ' ‘usepreqy
008 009'6 oO] soe g 2 + = 7 2 00 0096 | 2 ogg Oe hapetet aoe. A eaaentogy
092 | org eI rat g e z a “| os | 098 .| oo'e | or | vet | 2 |° °° * Songnmsmy
ee) 006‘¢F at 086'T 8I ae nae = ey a SA OBE-G 006°S | SZ ose) ere ke Gate oe he me ‘UOT
aT Fated SSeS En CA ee Cab lbren Bag |r Sle Seek See IS P21 ee Sis aeee WBS:
bie oon “uo ‘suoy, | ‘iequiny Hee aise ‘ua, | ‘suoy, ;toquiny ba as forsee ‘uo | “suOL, |roquNN
‘SLOTALSIA
‘SLVO@ ANV STASSTA TAVEL WV
ie Se _ *PelIaye yy Suiysty pue ‘sjoN ‘sjassaA aq} Jo one A pozeurrjse ay3 Wm: S1o[MBIT,
SUL[IEY WI} SIO[MVIT, Weg SurystnSuysip { pouuem woya Kq skog pur usULIIYSTY Jo Toquinyy oy} { Suopeq Loy, OIA 07 SJoIIISIG’ ey4 YT “Egg reek
ay} UI ‘ANVILONG Jo soleysig vag oy} ur pofojdwo ‘s}yvog pur sTessoA [ABI], UILEg JO osvUUOT, pue LoqUINN 04} JO NYO LAY— ‘SOLLSILVLS ANHHSIA
‘TI @TAViI— ‘da XIGNaAddV BARS Se Seer . roe
Appeniices to Highth Annual Report
50
sale ags
: 02 GFE.
oo Cs Ite | #z0'9
eee eee IP 69?
oa “5 08 618
ef be Lge | Gz9'9
eee eee Zi. £06
eee eee CLE OFT ‘b
ore : eee 9% 609°T
PIL | 9E1'Z | GES‘T| OFZ‘0Z
G6 FOL'S =| IF9 FLS'S1
Iz #9E Fop | oge'9
98g | I¢9'9 | 166 | F9P'LT
61 188 98 S60'1
cg 89 LOT | $69°%
i 161 GIL | 696
6z C6E 16 0gs‘T
€¢ SEE TE teat OSL'é
tPF Z88 SEZ | 692'E
FES | E9S'OL | 9F6 | SST LT
Gtr | L62‘0L | PFO | OF0 ZI
ZIL | 206° | GOL | Sat‘FL
LI Sos $F GGg
LIL | en's | 0TZ | 699°
&I GSS 1g 99%
02 OFF 69 | ZE8'6
6P 1g8 SIZ | sey‘
‘usw | “suOy | “Uo | “SUOL
*USI910.4 “Ysuig
TB],
Py Gece
Ps ABR
Fitek ape: | 2088
BS Re
a a éI 191
98 6e9'T | StI | OLS
SL SL¢‘T | 66L | 82's
ca A LLG FOL ZIL'Z
sez | sse'h | eze | Tze'9
61 Lg ¥¢ £66
92 COP 18 GZF'L
OL 161 OL 6ST
6@ | 969 =| #9 =| SLIT,
€¢ CTL T= SEr PPOE- Lt
+P G88. 16 S'T
01g | 08¢'0T | 009 LIG‘Z1
80b | 1996 | Exe 0Z6°L
TOL | e112‘ | 81% | 908‘¢
LI 893. Il coT,
$6 | $20 | SIT | 631%
eee eee LZ9 96L'8
68 €89 PL 683'T
‘UXT | + “SUOT, | “Usy{ | “suOy,
‘uS10.10,.7 “YSINAG
“Ysly
pod 1o ssuruoy Sury.todxy
‘uoW | ‘suo,
"uS1910q
| $89°S| Lz8'6€ | 09 |
$ ge
¥e 186
9g 685
OL 002
60g | 9189
LP egg
€9L | 8eF's
19T | 290°L
OSL | G0Z‘ZI
G1%@ | 00¢°¢
99T | Z89'T
| OFL | 8F8'S
&L 08
Ne #8
8. | 098,
1g 08%
$e 0g9
Ze F6P
OTL. - | S22'T
6 O1L
re a
0¢ OOL
#9 F00'T
‘usy, | ‘suoy
“ysnig
“OSIMISBOD STA
pop 10 ssuLliey Sursiieg
‘NGW GNV GFOVNNOL
IOI'S | EIL'sh | SEL | G2O'EST | LOLT) GL3'LE | F9G'S, TLs"¢9 |
eee eee aL ELT
- 6g 00T‘T
eee eee Gc 0g
eee eee OT 6LT
< ns cal 9&T
eee eee GZ g9g
pe e 60L | 289'T
eer eee OL 0Z¢
at Lig 00z | Z29°¢
rat GPF eel | see's
ie oe FEL | SEI‘
61 #68 F1Ig | 66r'S
eee eee 02 G8
eee eee €9 000‘'T
eee eee CL OFZ
eee eee €g ggg
eee eee 1¢e 910'T
eee eee #8 FOF T
"es a 68% | OLI‘€
LE: | 282 TzI | 819%
he = Z9T_ | 689°
eee eee &Z% GSE
9 0ZT 98 | StFr'T
“a F. BT ORE
Lae ode 6 OLT
wee ees 08 068‘T
‘UdsJT | “SUO], | ‘UdyT | “sUOT,
“UD19.10J "Ystig
*SOLLOYST.T
oy los VG Suyaodmy
ossT | est's| sez‘es { bL4S | Teh | TeL
a | | | ef | | |W ———_ | | | OS
9T 002
¢ $8
9 18 ;
6k | 698'T
6 gst
FL §8T
FG | «GLE
TL’ | 661,
LT 89Z
€I SG
06 OFF
Or FLT
‘UdT | “SU,
“usTO10Og
€18'TT
g GL
9 | 09.
Lot | eco'r
ate oF
BIg | 9684'S
ol. | sgt
ee
¢ | oL
e¢ | 998
so | 986
Fee | 206‘
¢ | 09
sr | 981
Ria A Sets
‘UdWT | “SUOL
USBETE
"SoMoUsly 9yj 10; sdooy
PUB poo DABIS SuyAroduy
‘OviqUEl[eg
‘yoouse.y
‘ABSOYOI
‘ABIBIOAUT | -
‘umoqjoqdueg
*OLBITTEAA-9.10,T
‘aAMQ PUB UOLIBD YooT
‘moo01g YOo'T
‘£BMOUIO}S
“‘pueyous
‘Souyig
* SPOTL
*‘19ysqary
‘Olepsujoyy
‘AJAVUIOIO
“ULOUPULT
* ‘oryong
. ‘queg
‘YS.mqiosviy
‘pvolplojog
‘usep.10qg Vy
‘udaByouoys
‘OSO1QUOTL
OY WYSUy
* *qITe'T
‘yynowmoAq
*SLOINLSIG
‘UOT PUY OSvUUOT, USIo10g WI YSYMG SurystSunystp pue f prorqe woryy surjziodxg Jo £ estiysvog
ysl poo 10 sSuus0op Surkaeg ur { ayeg pue ‘sdooy ‘poo, earyg Suysodury ur pofopdwoe osoyy surysinsurysip * EggT Ivod oY} UT ‘ANVTLONG JO soMoysly Sur]
‘AI TIGAVLI—'d XIGNAddV
pue pop pure Sule f oq} JO opeiy, of Ut poesesue Toulveg JO Jaqunyy 9G} jo puew ‘Ssurddiyg jo osvuuoy, oy} jo ‘SqOLIYSICT fq ‘NUN LAN-—‘SOILLSILVLS AYNAUHSIA
Ieyyo Jo| Wouwlssystq Jo
qoqtun N \lequinN pue sywog . ee
‘pefojdura suosaag pu eSvuuoy, [e710], jo esvunoy, — |-uayy Jo raqun yy’ pue spossa,A Jo eSvuuoy, . os
rt re
1 Kea} ; :
lol's | etter | LeL‘601 | fege'6zs | PIG‘TS | eFe'L | GPS SSI] TOS | EIL'er | 006% | FFar‘LGT TeIOL,
101% “ CEG ee0'est | = ez IOI | Siler | Gere | 60st |* * “ITI elgeL—a xtpueddy
‘qunosdV so14styv}g ATOYST,T JO [e}O J,
~ "| Strep | 198'66 ChGGEL | FIGIG | PELE | GPSS) re oe oe " * “TT qe L—C x1pueddy
= — | Gunossy sotysyyeyg ATOYSTT JO [VIOT, ‘
| 3 ‘4
A ye / +y
Ss = oo ees Eas sa a es ae “ 1€g eae | “T ede L—d xipueddy 4unos0y ze
R Aroystq Sury pue poy jo [eyoy, 2
Ss ne ; P&Z Zegq'] uk os so ee rite PES Sega‘q Z “ eT aTqe—Vv xrpueddy = -
= ‘unoooy ALOYSTy SULIIEF] JO [eJOJ, 3
S. | if:
& ‘shog , ) Bs
> *SMOSIO ‘SuOT, ‘SUOSIOT ‘SuO T, pue oul “SuoT, “UOT “Suto T, “UOT, ‘SuOT, %
S “poozd | ~20UShT . “¥
) = Stic) 2 | He
ro & "USTOLO "YSTILIGT SuOSsIeg ‘shog pue _ USTOI0,T "YStyg ‘LOVULSIV ‘nea
3 ;
>
is a a
G "6SST re9 XK 9Y9 Ur ‘ANVILOOS jo SOLIOYST] Bog Joyo pue
ie a BUY] pue pop ‘SuteH oy} ut pokojduie suosseg roy}0 Jo roquinyy oy pue {sXog pue uawaYsty Jo Jequin N pure syeog jo
a eseuuoy, oy} ‘uo Jo ToquN pue sesso, jo eseuuoy, oy} Surmoys ‘NYOLAY LOVULSd V—SOLLSILVLS AUYHHSIA
ae : ‘A WIAVL—' XIGNddV |
&
eat een
ee es eee ee ey ee
e fe . 09% 9F z99‘se | s6L‘L P8L‘E 81% 10% 98 éL | gI at aaa Ss z Lg * * BIOL we
ale P 2 : , 626 661 0g eee = aoe 0g T eee ’ eee eee eee eee eee eee . . . . . . '9n1 uv : “3 MG
= ta Se ZOT ZOL eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ore eee eee eee eee . e e e “ peers e 5 ; =
- . ae L&Z r LIZ 0Z g I ZI I ; eee eee eee see eee I . . . . . ‘Avsoyyoy 2 =
= é = 66L FLL cha GS g eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 2 te . . . PURUACKUG | 2
= . ; 89 gge Oot 00L 1Z . oH vey si fee eee eee wee eee eee wee . 8 . . ’ ‘umojfeqdureg Y 7 2
. ‘ i 928 0zE 9 9 z ee tee eee eee eee Bes soe vee eee . . _ . ‘UBITIEM-}1O7 . 3 >
at S8L 91L 69 6¢ L Or I b > re fe ~ snd ig ; * + @Ag puB Uo.LIeD Yoo] es
ape se ~ PLS oge FZ FZ 5 2 eee eee I eee wee I eee eee eee - . . . . ‘woo1g qoo'y ;
ae ee $69'T 090 #68 PEG 0% o9¢ or 9T I ae g Set aaa ST ee YE as
é ; S £39. 0ge GGT Gel zZ L eee eee eee eee eee 7 . . . ° . ‘pueyoyg
See 3 = Lge 1 L¥6. OFF OF if 00F Zz € g eee eee ore see eee . . . . . ‘AOUIO
ae gQ F19'S 083% +69 $8 rat 019 3 6 oh 2 I a = 8 ; ; “HOTA.
a ; Re 008 06L OL OL ve eee os eee eee eee eee eee tee eee . . . . 2 ‘raqsqa'y
: myas Bd Z8e ELS 808 8¢ iE 0&Z I 3 eee eee eee eee wee eee eee * . . . . ‘o[Bpsu[oHT
4 5 = £18. E18. eee 4 eee eee see eee eee eee eve eee eee eer . . . . . ‘AJAIBWIOID
: = > 109 1 680 rn org. GIL OL 007. 7 Z eee eee eee eee eee eee eee . . > > . ‘AIO pur,
int > 601 ZG $68 SIZ I SII 9 OOLT € 9 ¥ T T sae Fe oe ; ~ : : 3 ‘oryong
= a3 2 OLE. SoG SIL GIL 6 eee eee g I eee eee eee eee z . ° . . . ‘queg
a NX 09¢°9 81.9 G&Fh CES iba 002 T eee eee eee eee eee eee wee . . . . ‘ySimqaasel
cs 468 1 818 1 6L ‘ 6L : €I een eee I eee I eee eee eee vee . . . . . ‘proyieyog
‘ Ss GGZ 6 SSF gj LOL I LOL I eae eee eee c eee G eee eee tee eee . . . . . ‘uoop.loqy
rs, = 62P $98 GL S% I 0g I I I mi % a a gee * ‘UaABYyouoys
> a > 9F6 1 062 1 9cT 9IL 02 OF I eee eee eee eee ase eee eee . . . . . ‘ASO.1JUOTL
SI 090 & E8h G LLS L6G IT 0Sé a 9 Ui & G ~ = — ‘ ; : : * oyynajsuy
OsL's 18% Fz Ce L 02 I 3 ot td “ey ee = ae ; mere. |!
3 iS 898% s1L% ogT ad L 16 z L oy agen ae se z g Fakes See * ynourecg
. F F F i aes F
2 — : ee seiien: ere ae stots
S joa “reg
5 ou soquny | 227, FSH pon | 2200 | go | “809 | gE 7
u “ a x oqur ATT ad TBO) -10A od % 2 -I@H ULLlop
; S pefaueg’ |poSeurep wo | pesumeq |} I Tej0z, |-1040 pa} trea | peuseg| T°9 | surqez,| -unog
‘ Sy 10 yso'T ‘0297 | 4sOT ‘Tet103 | 10 poyoor A, spouy
‘ ae ‘SION ‘syeog |-s8y_ Surystqz| Alejo, | —————_ ‘SLOTALSIC
U0 Sso’y Joyjo pue | syeog uo
[BJO], $80.15 | s}JoN{ UO sso7q| sso’] sso. ‘oSvueq *Joor9t]} :
i jo junoury puv | onfea pue ‘peyoor My Fl es 5
: ‘posvueg syvoy AT[¥JOI, SJVog
rt ‘ERI IvoX oY} Ul ‘poseMep 10 4SOT TeME}LIT Surysig Joyo pue s}oNT WO sso]
s ay} pue { eSvureq jo yunowy pur ‘peSeuep syeog jo soequinyy oy} {Joor0y] on[eA pus ‘poyxoorm A]]e}0} speog Jo equinN’ oy +: poueddey soryyenseg oy}
i TOLYA UI JAUUVUL OY} PUL ‘ANVTLOOG Jo SolLoYSly VOS OY} YIM UOTJOoUUOD UT ASOT SOATT JO oquNN 943 Jo ‘syorstq Aq ‘NYALAU—'SOLLSILVLS AUAHSIA
“ TA DIAVIm'dA XIGNAddvV
;
oe |
{i
is CGP 8 8 08 | 099 | L20'T | Lec% | gFBT | 9ge¢ 7g £6 681 9g¢ 2 6G O61 | * Toy, aise
IL ss% ware wae wee eee eee eee & Ci eee eee eee eee eee eee . . * ‘squep >
~ueqapedng AsOysiq i
0g e on an ne a ¥. © nh ve re a i = = | Gesoee, “SICH “2
68I ae oe pee OIZ‘L . eee ae rid eee oes wen eee eve eee ese *JasmMID , JUBTIBIA , 2
eee eee eee G1Z eee OIZ ¢g ‘ eee 9 T Zt eee 9 I . . ovnyuuy[ed ; re
ns IT eee I eee 1g eee Oke eee I eee I eee I eae I “a eae . e ‘yoouvety) “s
S 7 an t ae FEZ ZS 802 t OT I CI -. 9T I CT PEC Sl R= ABBOTT ah
: a II = II ae L1G S 19% 8 19 a L9 a 19 “tee 20 Bore | gs ae 3
; S I 3 I os ZEE a 882 bP & # 02 fe 8 ass 0Z g + famoqpeqdurep f
a ge ee me SLT £6 08 if 81 8 OL é: 8T 8 OL | 8 Ure rTT AA “4100 e,
ee a 5 ‘S Le9 GLE OFZ 9T 19 (a a) j L9G OF rd OkAS B WoL, yoory *
S oe = = GZS tL 66 Gg LT g Il g LT g IL g * ‘Mloo1g Yoo] a,
i a af Sy 5 09 Ig ¥G g IZ j gI 95k 278 3 Shs 29 " * {Kesvouloyg 3
x = “ ame es 861 = 78 bP 9% a II cL 9G = II GT ss Kew a
; x if = 5 if 68h gL 8h gig £9 7 OT 0g 99 a7 Or 1g egmhsoete enc 215. .
5 awe ote ae are FIL as | 6F i) CT ‘ coe ae GL GL | Sat CT 4 a * yaqsq Ary ae
= XQ oe ae Bare oe ol at, 97 GP GI eed 9 eT Je eT Pi ; 9 SL ° ‘ ‘aTepsumja yy P+.
> ce S zz z: 99 6 62 ial 8 2 g ¢ 8 ae : emcees eo "+. SKqreuros | <
s j -# I Lf FL g eae a g x S g P ze I g ‘+ “aoypury: #
S$ 8T ce a ST Gag 33 TOL 96 9G z G 13 9% = G 1G ‘1. + “eppong feet
= 7 # if 7 See ae $C O0G - 4-OR «=e Ze 7 98 sf Ze 7 oe ea “ig
| j es Be Z gLg ZG 08. PPG 19 II 18 61 19 LL ei oe 61 " * “ysinqieseny mc
g os ee et raF @ ah 002 = se “45 r hs A ne |“ eyponaeseg , “S
: “oS fF oe . fF eae wee . eee eee eee aoe eee eee eee ooo . . ‘me0pleq VY . =o
E SS OL eee OL 9 I + eee T , . iv) ove eee - 20s no aete eee wee eee . . “asorjyuoy > he
I ee T 80F = IST 1G 9g 2 8 8% | 98 ae 8% "1 Seqynysiy ie
; 7 c ove os c 96 wae 9) ~ CG e eee ‘A qi g eee VA T ry . . “qye'T , : re
Pas 16 ses ZG 68 aa ee Ses eth ss pe Se pte Fa eas et tee eee oe aes Et re A ° _ ‘qqnowesg e pe
‘reqoy, | SPI. | “S8¥ID | “S819 ‘sselQ | ‘ssetg | ‘sseip
. ; "SSBIQ | ‘sseIQ | ‘ssetQ | . ‘SSBIQ. | ‘sseiQ | -‘sseiQ a is
<4 . pHuL | puooeg | yong | MPL | pay, | puooog | qsung | ML | pryz-|puossg | gsang | TL | prys, | paoooy | gsma. | age BPEL :
x / “peureyed syvog "pasiopuy puv poulMEXY sioysisoy | ‘ponssy si04siSoxy “I94STZOYT 04 suoryeorddy | SLOTEISIG
pe es BLY Od ONIHSId =) S aR Sag 3 oe a
oud yooy ‘sBurpae00ad aso} YOM UT SJOITISIC, oy SurMoys pue ‘egg jo joy Juoupuemy (puvyjoog)_ SOMayshy Bog Sasi eae
es ‘E88I pur 898T JO SPY SoMousta Bes Jopun ‘6381 Ive K OY} Ul GNVILOOS Ul sdurpeooorg. a SNYOLaa LOVULSa ¥— SLVOF ONIHSIA FO NOMLVUASTOMY
és TTA ATA —O XYIANUddV . Ser
y ree s ‘ we Ly
\ i Wyn 3 1 ff a f
54 Appendices to Kighth Annual Report pad. yy
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIII. a
FISHERY STATISTICS.—RETURN, by Fishing Villages or Creeks, for the Coasts
of ScorLaNnp, of the Number of Boats, Beam Trawl Vessels, and Resident Fisher-
men and Boys, in the Year 1889.
Number of Boats in
Classes. Total )
Number! Number|,,_.
Sie oe ee
CREEKS. oe a | BO Be si ise q |menand
GC | S34 | goon; | Trawl) and |, Bore ;
Oae | CBS | 57S | Vessels. Beam fad
5 bs ae Si ooh Trawl es
Hep | ae a - Vessels.
oO co ;
CO re
|
|
|
|
|
|
:
|
|
|
Eyemouth District.
Amble, -
Alnmouth,
Boulmer, -
Craster, —-
Newton, -
Beadnell, -
North Sunderland,
Holy Island, -
Spittal, - ~
Berwick, -
Burnmouth, -
Eyemouth, -
Coldingham, —-
feat FT Hite fa CRT oy Pa amd ET Sa ted
behets) Gee the ae it
Total,
Leith District.
Cove, - - -
Dunbar, - - -
North Berwick, - -
Port Seton and Cockenzie,
Prestonpans, -—- =
Fisherrow, —
Leith, -
Newhaven,
Granton, -
Queensferry,
Bo’ness, -
Alloa; : -
Kincardine,
Limekilns,
Inverkeithing,
Aberdour, —
Burntisland,
Kinghorn, -
Kirkcaldy,
Dysart, .-
Wemyss, —
PGs th Sines all ets OP oe ee Ts des Lad
ee me aa a!) et Ht fame ea eel Wf co,
Pp aberdeag ty let id Sl abet oe ter
Total,
Anstruther District.
| Buckhaven, ~
Methil and Leven,
Largo, - ~
Elie and Earlsferry,
St Monance, -
Pittenweem, -
Anstruther and Cellardyke,
Crail,
Hoakeiarns and Boarhills, ~
St Andrews, -- _
Tayport, - - - :
_ Newburgh, ~ - -
Total- -| 538 | 282 W5 yoo g 877 2R75
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 55
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIII.—Continued. ’
Number of Boats in
Classes. Total
Number hye gb!
CREEKS.
upwards.
2nd Class,
18 ft. to 30 ft.
Keel. ~
3rd Class,
under 18-ft.-
Keel
<
g
@,
™m
ce]
$
5
Ist Class,
30 ft. Keel and
Montrose District.
Dundee, - -
Broughty Ferry,
Westhaven,
Easthaven,
Arbroath, -
Auchmithie,
Usan, -
Ferryden, -
Montrose, —
Milton, -
Johnshaven,
Gourdon, -
Tae oS ee ee eel
MO ae Geen ahah on ny hee
at ie ee | Belen | erm ger Pee ee
Total, - -| 211
PEE a BES District. -
Shieldhill, - - - Beh
Catterline, -— = - 8
Crawton, —- ~ - - 1
Stonehaven, - -| = 76
Cowie, - - ~ - 5
Stranathra, = - - Kee
- - - 21
Skateraw, -
“Total, -
I
el
—
teal
Aberdeen District.
Downies, — - ~ - 4
Portlethen,.- - ads 14
; Findon, - - - = 4
Cove, - - - - 6
Burnbank, - - - = 1
Torry, — SL eos 38
‘Aberdeen, - SSF oF 36
pe)
°
ot
>
So
i
I
—
j=)
co
Pelithend District.
; Newburgh, - - eee
a Wolli¢stohy | —y¥. -} & 18 |.
a Old Castle, tes tO 3
i Whinnyfold, = o=j. 8 | 9
* Port Erroll, - -| Gl] (23.
i Bullers of Buchan, ~-| om. 1.8%
mh ‘Boddamje- | -... -}) &| (900i
a Burnhaveh, | -.. -|) &| | 7'
* ; Meterhead, = ff 2... =) (x.| 1126
i i a ha - - -& 53
\f B,
ic ~ Total, mm age
FTIR LT ee Oe ARSE ow he ea Ry ee em Ree ds ;
At ‘
"! Vat ATEN wh at AW kb
! ' MO Vie Pat ry huss
) ; : f ;
-
56. Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
:
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIII.—Continued.
| ) Number of Boats in
Classes. Total
| ——- N a apr re Resi a nate
r= _ 4 i res
ne att ~a Beam Boats Isher
CREEKS. I 3 3 g g a a a ae and |menand
owe | O28 | OF 8 | Vessels.| Beam
co eh a yh Trawl
- & a+ sS
mes | Ae aa Vessels.
oS co t=)
oO ri
| Fraserburgh District.
St Combs, - - - - 43 6 69 118
Charlestown, - - - 5 3 5 13
Inverallochy, - - - 53 15 60 128
Cairnbulg, - - - 30 12 34 76
Fraserburgh, —- - = 73 40 50 163
Pittulie, - - - - 16 12 12 40
Rosehearty, - ~ - 39 17 32 88
Pennan, - - - - 11 7 16 34
Total, - -| 270 132 278 3 660
Banff District.
Crovie, = - - = 20 18 18 46
Gardenstown, —- - - 48 16 38 102
Macduff, - ~ - - 56 24 60 140
Banff, - - - 7 41 3 10 54
Whitehills, - - - 31 34 42 107
Portsoy, - - ~ 32 7 22 61
Sandend, - - - - 15 4 24 43
Total, - —| 243 96 214 553
Buckie District.
Cullen, - - - - 67 6 13 86
Portknockie, - . - =< 70 ve 32 109
Findochty, - - = 68 8 31 107
Portessie, — - - - 89 4 21 114
Buckie, - .- — = |. 196 20 16 232
Portgordon, - - = 62 8 6 76
Total, - -—| 552 53 119 A 724 | 2,202
Findhorn District. .
Lossiemouth, - - =-| 125 18 5 148
Hopeman, - : - = 58 21 2 81
Burghead, - - - = 37 12 6 55
Findhorn, - ~ - ~ 3 7 1 11
Nairn, - ~ 35 36 3 74
Campbeltown, - =p 8 «8 i 16
Petty, - - - - 2 2 2 6
-Inverness, - = = - s 4 3 4 7
Total,...- —.|...268 108 22 Hs 398
| Cromarty District. . ‘
| Craigton and Kalmuir, ~ Gea 6 sins 6
Avoch, - - 36 41 6 83
Fortrose and Rosemarkie, ~ NA 5 4 4 ’
Cromarty, ~ ~ 17 18 36 71
Invergordon, &Xc., ~ ag 6° 6
Balintrad, — - - - , 2 2
Nigg, - ~ _ ~ 1 Mh vag 10 11
Shandwick, - - + 6 ‘16.2 ee 12
Balintore, - - ~ - 16 10 2 28
Hilton, - - - - i 9 9 29
Rockfield, - - ~ 9 9 iv | 18
Portmahomack, ~ - - = 18 5 4 27
: ara, - - - 15 8 4 27
Total, - -|{ 129 112 83 324
‘ é af 4 ] ns
A *, Ck
La i . Lo
Pik re
Fa K ate
M 4 ey tbe] a "Siete ere eee a, A yr | a) re rm, BP . Vi ‘ , 's A ee.
ROAR ADS EE eed We MR GS ok We Ys OSL ST ARON : yee
' ent Me of 7 : %
nw
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 57
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIIIJ.— Continued.
Number of Boats in
Classes. Total
Number, Number Resident
fe = hs B a Mts Fisher- i
CREEKS. oT Bah = @ op T oe ilanae (menand 4
SO | 8 eth sO rawl Boys a
OWE | OLS | OO, s | Vessels Beam : <
2 | oes | ooh Trawl a
mame | ee ie Vessels. ee
° pa , em
Ga | SLE LISA eM ata a
i
Helmsdale District.
Embo, - ~ —~| , 25 14 3 42 90
Golspie, - - - - 14 12 2 28 58
Brora, - - - ~ 14 12 3 29 64
Portgower, - - ~ 5 4 2 LE 21
Helmsdale, ~ ~ _ 15 6 11 32 56
Navidale, — ~ ~ - bee 2 2 8
Berriedale, ~ - - bi 4 4 16
Dunbeath, -. - - 20 17 : 37 85
- - 93 48 44 185 398
Total,
Lybster District.
Latheronwheel, - - 11 3 11 25 64
Forse, = - - - - 11 6 2 19 40
Lybster, - - - = 74 7 8 89 280
Biya tes it te 8 6 6 20 95
Total, - -—| 104 22 27 is 153 479
Wick District.
Whaligoe,- - - = 6 2 7 15 48
Sarelet, - - - _ 9 a 5 14 50
.Wick and Pulteney, - -—| 227 16 44 287 781
Boathaven to Elzie, - - 8 3 9 20 43
Staxigo, - - - - 4, 5 7 LO.’ QagicaS
Ackergill, - - ~ ~ 3 3 4 10 22
Keiss, - = - = 20 2 18 40 120
Nybster, - - - = 2 ee 13 15 42
Freswick, — - = - OP ote 15 18 60
Duncansbay and Huna, - 5 24 29 88
Stroma, - - - - 11 3 44 58 130
Gillsand Mey, - - - 9 Me 20 29 80
Scarfskerry and Ham, - 1 a 13 14 50
Brough and Dunnet, - - aS y 12 12 48
Castlehill and Murkle, - sty a 10 10 32
x Thurso and Scrabster, — 9 17 10 36 80
se Crosskirk and Brims,- 1 Poh 9 11 28
; | Sandsidew - - -. - eg 1 6 8 32
ae, Portskerra, - - ~ 8) 6 9 24 106
i Strathypoint, - - - ae id fd 8 27
az Armadale, — - = ~ 3 k hb 9 38
ee Kirtomy and Farr, - - 3 ee 9 12 62
2 | Island Roan, Skerry, &e, — 3 1 24 28 125
i | Coldibacky and Scullomy, - |... ae 5 5 20
i Talmine and Portyasgo, - 3. 2 17 22 80
Bo Sa Erriboll, Rispond and Smoo, 1 Lay 29 : 30 86
& Total, - -|. 345 63 375 ot 783 =| 2,816
“\ feaao < * , eb we CPS OR pai powreee Lh mee Dae t* Sy
— . *} =F ~ y La
Or
CO
Appendices to Highth Annual Réport
APPENDIX D,-~-TABLE VIII.—Oontinued.
Number of Boats in
Classes. . Total
Number| Number
zc + of of
c a ‘ sa Boats
OREEKS., £8 yu] xo aes Bian
aoe | 2° a | go: | Trawl
OZE | OL | OS | Vessels. Beam
2,5 | sa | og Trawl
me 5 ao og Vessels
(ss) @ \ 5
nl —
Orkney District.
Burwick, - ~ - = 3 1 11 15
Grimness, - - - 13 1 15 29
St Margarets Hope, ~ - 18 2 18 38
Herston. , 7 - ~ + ] 6 , 11
Swona, - ~ - - bes 6 .-* 6
Walls, - - = = 10 1 14 25
Flotta, - - - = 7 ] 12 20
Fara, South, - - ~ 1 ie 2 3
Cava, pitt binds tr Bowed he Fri 2 2
Hoy, - ~ - ~ ~ 4 pk 6 10
Graemsay, - - = of ts 5 5
Stromness, - - - 6 “2 12 20
Orphir and Scapa, - - 1 4 12 17
Holm, - Ne ihe - 13 7 20
Burray, - - - = 22 ft 15 38
Deerness, — -- - ~ 6 10 16
Tankerness, - - - 2 4 6
Kirkwall, - ~ - - 11 2 21 84
Eviea nd Birsay, = - 4 16 20
Rousay, —- - - - Shs 24 24
Weir, - - - } 1 1
Egilshay, — ~ ~ - en 4 4
Shapinshay, - - - 5 15 20
Stronsay, - - = - 13 17 31
day, ~ - ~ - 4 ie 19 24
Fara, North, - - - 2 2
Westray and Hap Westray; 8 13 130 151
Sanday, -—- ~ 3 1 15 a4 19
North Ronalddisy, -j - 10 bias 10 54 20
Total, -—
|
ps
(or)
(oe)
is)
SS)
i
[su)
paar
lor)
co
aah
Shetland District.
Dunrossness, —- - A! 10 29 40)
Levenwick, - - ~ 4 6 6 16
Hoswick, - - - - 5 5 & 18
Sandsair, - - - - 16 6 7 29
Aithsvoe, ~ = - - 22 4 9 35
Bressay, - | - - - 6 as 7 13
Lerwick, - - - - 55 3 30 88
Nesting, - - ~ - 8 ag 4 12
Whalsay, - -. - ~ 24 2 25 51
Skerries, - - - - 3 aft 6 12
Vidlin, - - - - 8 38 ve 11
Dalesvoe, — - = - 7 he 5 12
Mossbank, - - - - 6 ine 7 13
Burravoe,- -. -| - 3 . 4 7
Gussaburgh, - - = he ; 3 3
Midyell,: - - - ~ 8 RSs 15 23
Gutcher, - - - ~ 5 bse 6 11
Cullivoe, - - - ~ “s 4 12 23 -
Fetlar, - = - = 1 3 6 10
Uyasound,- _ - - 17 2 24 43
Baltasound, - - - G? 3s Pie Bien 11
Haroldswick, —- - = 6 11 17
|
bt
a
bo
a)
~~]
bt)
i)
<o
—
ie}
co
Carry forward,
Pope Sse Wik ina yl i a eta Ne RT
aye!
.
: a of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 59
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIII.—Continued.
Number of Boats in
~ Classes. Total
Number ee
ee ; of Ree
Sy ; ‘isher-
CREEKS cea feo | ge ~| Beam Boat men and f
. aS: Eire. Oni Trawl and Bove ‘4
5 , Og g|o3 $ | D8 | Vessels.) Beam y ti
STE | oa | ooh rawl a
485 | 3h ae Vessels
2 as > es
Brought forward, —-—| 212 57 229 498 1,795 ot a
Shetland District—continued. te
Norwick, - = = 1 5 9 24 «ey
Burrafirth, PS aT le 7 9 16 42 rs
West Sandwick, - = 8 8 16 48 Me
Fethaland, aan) aE PS 10 14 } 24 60 » Be
Ollaberry,- * - = ae 18 , 18 36 >
Sandvoe, - - - = as 3 ety cm 3 18 ¥
Ronasvoe,- . -.. - = 4 4 3 : 11 52 H
Stennis, -—- - - - “a 17 hte ae 17 102 a
Hillswick, -— - + 8 ie 20 ik 28 50 5
Papa Stour, ~ 4 J 12 bie 17 45 ;
Sandness, — - - - 4 2 10 a4 16 50
Vaila Sound, - - - 12 12 Ms 24 72
Skeld, ~- eS 2 4 im 6 12
Raewiek)s— 9) Se rj 3 ; 10 42
Sand, - - - ~ 0 4 13 60
‘Whiteness A oT ties Wei = 8 10 18 54
Burwick, - - - = 3 3 6 18
Sealloway, ike AS Se 10 54 64 113
Oxna, - ~ ~ 3 4 v4 18
Trondra, - - - - 5 3 i eh 30
Burra Isle, — = - LD, 8 23 100
Havera, —- ~ - - Ss 6 6 24
Maywick, - Rte ~ cas 8 8 32
Spiggie, - -. - |]: 4 2 6 30
Queendale, | - ae 9 9 27
Foula Isle, -0 Jae 5 7 38
FairIsle, - -... - - 1 - 9 10 36
Total, -- -| 821 110 467 898 3,028
| Stornoway District. .
‘| \Europia, - | - - - Sa 4 3 7 40
Stow, - — = ~ Seal t 7 3 10 40
Portness, -- - = ~ 2 37 («66 45 250
‘| Skegersta,- - ~ +] 71 (an + 12 35
ti) » *Bolsta, ) =) me Biss ST 3 17 60
Glen, - = - 1 1 1 3 14
Coll - - - - = je 8 6 14 120
Back, me pee ee PB 11 2 18 130
Vatisker, - -. - =+| = 5 Re 18 150
Tong, - he ia) eh 18 9 5 22 95
Stenish,h - -.. - ot re ak 4 4 10
Melbost, - -. '- = 2: 5s 5 12 60
Garrabost,- = -... - ~ 9 8 10 27 95
| Shadder, - — “ie 8 4 3 15 60
| Portnagurin, — -] 12 12 6 30 170
ii: Awortwollér, focus t—t ok yi 5 6 15 85
Sheshader, = = - 7 6. 2 15 70
i} @Bayble, & =} =... -| & | (23 25 16 64 260
1): Mnoek, Vo- fj -.0 0 ie 5 9 4 18 45
/ i} SBwordlej-9) -... - &] | 4 |. 64> 4 14 50
LT Miho sO <j oma yp G Ff aw 4 7 18
| ‘Bandwick,- = -.. - = a 2 6 8 20
1: OBtorhowsy, | sc kT! aed ey Bs 2 18 25
i| “Grimshader,' -.. - ~-| | 2 Py, 3 2 9 40
“Ranish, | Foe Sees eg Read 5 8 4 17 ee
. Ls Camry for ward, + 108 203 128 . ae 439 1,997
Ae ns oes at} WAP Ree ee ae ahh OES SRA eg CUE gc, © Sev ee ge eg)
<= ~<a" > \ . e d Mes ee al Sa AL By . y bees ea ~ y pts
: d i> rye : : 7 ‘ar ea eye Satan
* : fe . ee DM apr te TA
-
60 Appendices to kighth Annual Report
APPENDIX D.-—TABLE VIII.—Continued.
Number of Boats in ©
Classes. Total
Number N umber
~ i of “
= -+> as
CREEKS. gea} ge | ge Feat leapniech
aD = S CO as 5 et ied
5D ig a |Oo9 “i “y Beam
oF lot | gel Trawl
wee as aa Vessels.
Oo (e°a) 2
inn) ri
Brought forward, -| 108 203 128 439
Stornoway District—continued.
Crossbost, - - _ - 9 10 6 25
Leurbost, - - - 8 9 7 24
Keose, - - - - 3 a 4 7
Laxay, - - - - 2 ae 3 5
Balallan, - - - - 1 snd 4 a)
Habost, - -— = = i: i 6 7
Kershader, - ~ - 1 ee 2 3
Garryvard, - = = 1 ah 5 6
Cromore, - - - - 3 8 fy) 17
Marvick, - - - - 6 ano) 8 20
Calbost, —- - - = 6 6 3 15
Gravor, - -. - - 7 10 8 25
Leumeriva, - = 6 7 yg 20
Loch Seaforth, - - - ee os 5 5
Elennenibe, - - - et es 2 2
Quilis, - - - - vt 2 5 8
Scalpay Island, -. - -=- 9 14 40 63
Plockerpool -:.. -— = sds 13 6 19
Orrigo, - - = - 2 5 7
Derriclate, - - ~ a 3 3
Maevig, - -. - = 1 2 4 vi
Drimishader, - - - 1 3 ae3) 9
Scadabay,- -. - - 1 3 7 11
Grozabay,- = - - - ae 2 3 5
Cluer, - -. = - “a 3 4 4
Stocknish, -— = = 1 9 6 16
Lochalee, — - - - ts wa 6 6
Grocrass, - - - _ 2 6 8
Manish, -—- - - - a0 4 4
Fladavay, — - - - i 5 5
Quitinish, — - - ~ hs 4 4
Finnisbay,— ) = oS 11 8 19
Strond, - - - - 1 6 25 32
Tarrinsay, - - - = e 2 6 8
Airdhasaig, - = = as ane 7 7
Scarf Island, - - - e es 6 6
Borve, - - - - pte 2 2 4
Shader, - ~ - - oth ay 2 2
Barvas, - - - - ey 4 4 8
Arnol, - - ~ ~ 4 3 3 7
Bragor, - - - ~ 1 3 5 9
Shawlbost, - - - 2 6 5 13
Carloway, - ~ - 7 15 11 6. 32
Tolstachulish, - - - 4 5 10 19
Tobson, - - - = 1 8 6 15
Eneclate, - - - - a3 Ap 4 4
Breasclate, - - - 2 5 7 14
Geshader, - ~ - - oo s 4 4
Kirkibost,- - - = 2 3 2 7
Carrishader, - - - ms pes 5 5
Crulivig, - - - = pal fe 3 3
Valtos, - - - ~ 4 12 t -8 24
Kneep, - - - - s3. 5 4 9
Airduig, - - - - ad 4 3 7
Crowlista, - - - = - 2 8 6 16
Carry forward, =| 211 409 » 458 1,078
4 + > ee r way, weve. Pree Cert. ee a Cae Meas” Fre 6) em ee, POS ~~) eee aa 7 . 7 "™
* Les ae \ pm : ‘ : ay : ¥
+ r e ' k,
ow - : - f aon . es |
pe
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 61
Fr APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIII.—Continued. °
Number of Boats in
Classes. ieee
bah q Po = ies isher- a.
CREEKS. 4 A <4 | 48 woo Slap pki men and i
ra) ON es eo
Og &@|O28|5'. 8 | Vessels.) Beam Bova 4
pF lrg .M | gy oe Trawl ee,
| 4e5'| gs aa Vessels im
oO oa) = eee |
oO ri
Brought forward, -| 211 409 458 1,978 | 4,377
Stornoway District—continued.
Mangersta, ee bi 4 Hh! 3 3 10
Islivig, - - = = } 4 6 a 25
Brenish, -—- - - & 4 6 10 25
Valley,” North Dist ~ - us wa 3 3 15
Lochmaddy, - - = ree re 40 47 138
Lochepor't, xaltetet: Gotan ¥ 4 27 dl 71
Graemsay Island, - - ie 2 9 11 37
Heisker Island,- - - Bt ay 9 9 27
Benbecula Island, - = es 2% 70 72 106
. Loch Skipport, - - - me 2 10 12 30
Loch Boisdale, - - - he 14 73 87 219
| Eriskay Island,- - - ys 4 12 16 160
Brurnish Barra, - = 2 2 5 9 54
. Bualnabodach, - - - 1 2. 8 11 36
Karsary, — - -j| = 2 2 9 13 56
BLevig, i es OA of 4 6 13 30
Castlebay, -- =) = 11 18 22 51 176
Pabbay, -—- - = = a 2 ti 3 5
Minglay, - - - - 3 3 6 30
Barrahead, - = = dhe 1 1 3
Borve, - = - - 2 2 15
Total, -| 231 485 783 33 1,499 |5,645
Loch Broom District.
Poulin, - 1 ‘ 8 25
Re Oldshorebeg and Oldshore-
pemore, th? 3 1 19 23 82 +
; Kinlochbervie, -— 2 ioe 7 9 28
| Badcall t (ichbard), and : {
a Pe EN - 2 11 13 36
i Ardomre and Partibvon,
; chaidh, — ~ - 5 5 15
; Findlemore, and fines
; more, - - - - 1 1 7 9 27
| Tarbet and Scourie, - - 2 Let 18. 29 45
: ‘Badcaul (Scourie), - -| .... 1 8 2 20
f Glendhu and Unapool, = - art ne a 7 22
Se Ardvar and Nedd, - - Z % 8 9 24
¥ ‘Drumbeg, - - - af sa 6 6 15
n Culkein FDrumbes): Pa US Y ie 12 12 20
Pi Clashnessie, = - ~ 2 ey, 6 8 24
| Achnacarnin, - - ~ ee waa 4 4 12
if Culkein (Stoer), - - ae a /5 5 16 \
Ne Raffin and Balnacladich, - 1 ee 8 9 24
or, Clachtoll. -~ - 6 oak 17 23 68
Ue Achmelvich, - ° - - 3 te 4 7 24
be Lochinver and Strathan, - aX a 9 9 16,
be Badnaban and Inverkirkaig, 1 ered, 12 13 30
Achnahaird and Reef, - 1 2 9 12 29
' Carry forward, - 26 5 189 220 602
: .
+e : + , yy eat
Deka ap bt ONLY ying ke ‘ de oi TY ~) a, ae 4 i Rare le | P oS ote oe
de ie NE) Re a
62 Appendices to Highth Annual Report.
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIII.—Continued.
Number of Boats in
Classes.
CREEKS g 2 ;
’ hr ARS (Bipot re
233 | €8_,| gx _.
OW 5 C8h}Oun 3
te so .M il ote
2s) 645 =
mig, S ae oe
ra) co tad
oD ri
Brought forward, - 26 5 189
Loch Broom District—continued
Altandhu, - ~ - ~ 2 3 iT
Polbain and Tanera, —- 5 ib 14
Achiltibuie and Badenseally, Bs 5 20
Polglass and Culnacraig, —- 2 3 10
Isle Martin and Ardmair, —- ] oh. 8
Rhue and Morefield, - - 2 qf 12
Ullapool, - - 2 oe 30
Leckmelm and Ardtharsiah: A «3 5
Letters, Ardindrean and
Rheroy, - - - - 6 2 25
Achmore and Scoriag, 2 1 16
Charnoch and Badralloch, - ] ) 13
Ardessie and Badcall, = ui bie 9
Durnmuk and Badlurach, ~ wit #3 22
First and Second Coast, - of ye 7
Sand and Laid, - 3 10
Achgarve and Mellon Ua-
rigle, - 2 fe 6
Opinin and | Mélion Chatles, = 3 AG 9
Ormiscraig and Bualnaluil, 1 K® 9
Tenefelin and Aultbea, ~ 1 out 8
Poolewe and Naast, - ~ He fe 10
Inveresdale, - = 2 4 11
Cove, ~ - - ~ Wp ist 10
Melvaig, —- - - - 2 sie 4
North Erradale, - ~ - 1 i 2
Sand (Gairloch), - - A 4 7
Strath, —- ~ - 1 9 4
Badachro, - - - - 4 11 4
Porthenderson, — - - 3 5 5
South Erradale, - - 1 1 2
Charleston and Red Point, 1 1 4
Total, - - 74 68 496
Loch Carron and Skye District.
Dibieg to Ardglass, -
Loch Torridon, - -
Loch Shieldaig, - -
Ardheslaig to Kenmore,
Arinachrinachd to Lone- >
bain, - -
Applecross to Usgat, -
Kishorn to Kinistin, -
Aird to Strome, - ~
Loch Carron, - -
Plockton to Balmacara,
Lochs Duich and Long,
Loch Hourn and Glenelg,
Proternish, -
Carry forward, ~-
1 sey
3 3
1 5
1 6
be 3
5 15
| 6
1 9
2 14
2 21
Boa gy
6
; 19
17 112
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. — 63 ; q
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIII.—Continued.
Number of Boats in ' \
Classes. , Total
agin nega ay Resident . {
f a2 at : o Fisher- Pe |
CREEKS. of a ee o | se Le ee Bows men and | ‘|
Sgel ase Sag pet Boys. | 4
Sag O25 |5, 8 | Vessels.) Beam
2 a | S35 | oh Trawl
4253 | Ge aS Vessels.
Oo co 5
inal ro
Brought forward, ~ 17 112 270 a5 399 1,157
Loch Carron and Skye District
—continued.
Portree, - - al 3 13 33 “49 156
Balameanoch, - - - 1 35 36 110
Sconser, —- _ = ~ 4 32 36 102
Luib to Strolomus, - - ] 11 49 61 184
Broadford to Lussay, - - ds 18 38 57 178
Kylea Kin, - = = 2 10 8 20 64
Sleat, ~ - = 1 31 52 84 253
Vig, - - - = = 3 26 1 30 85
Snizort, - - = 9 10 19 65
Lyndale, - - - = 17 9 26 78
Waternish, - - - 12 12 43
Stein, ~ - - - 1 8 9 40
Dunvegan, ; ~ reo 14 6 ah 20 58
Glendale, - Me 15 Bhs efit 15 57
Lochs Bracadale Peg Brittle, 1 6 9 a 16 50
Straithaird, - ms 4 16 ais 20 60
Lochs Slapin and Biveshibek, ~ ey a 24 a 24 73
Rona, Raasay and Scalpa, - 1 6 26 32 33 99
Croulin and Soay, - = ar 1 6 are 7 32
Total - - 31 318 624 te 973 yx 944
| Fort-William District.
Lochs Nevis and Moror, - 2 » 014 41 m 57 110
Arisaig and Loch Aylort, - a 2 13 Ber ey al 30
Sumisary to Ockle Point and
Eilean Shona, = we 14 25 39 78
Ockle Point to Loch Sahar 2 12 5 me: 19 57
- Loch Sunart and Aline, - we 2 11 Bi 13 22
Loch Eil and Fort- William), 4 49 53 95
Oorran, -—- 4 9 13 26
Loch Leven ack agalien. 1 24 25 50
Cuil Port Appin and Loch
_. Creran, - | 3 18 21 63
Loch Etive ae ‘Dunstaff-
nage, - - Hes et 9 a3) 9 18
Oban, - = - =} 12 19 11 et 32 48
Lismore, - - - = bee 1 8 9 7
‘Tobermory, ~ 2 10 17 29 72
Lochs Don, Spelve ah Buie, 2 10 12 36
Carsaig to Kentra, - 3 4 7 21
Lochs Laich and Scriddan, — 2 14 16° 32
Ulva, Loch-na-Kiel, and
Tuadh, - - = 3 6 9 27
Coll, - - - - ne 3 8 al? 1S Be
Tiree, - - ~ ~ 7 50 42 ss 99 300
Iona, = aris 7 7 14
Muck, Higg, Rum-and Gaara 1 8 9 21
Total, - 15 isd. ~ 339 vee 504 lp 188
re
Pe oon SE poms TOU 8 inten ~~ ee he ny: PE atakesny Ae ah
ee ieee: aes sh Beitr ies
ne ‘ bt ray sf a4 i
\
64 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIITI.—Continued.
Number of Boats in
Classes.
RS ee ae
CREEKS. Se | wo es
235 Se | aes
Ose |O83 |oue
Beh | ge" | Ee
~ “co ie
oo ri
Campbeltown District.
Skipness and Clonaig, - 1 18 6
Cour and Grogport, —- ~ 5 4
Carradale and Torrisdale, - 1 57 6
Campbeltown, - - - 31 169 10
South end of Sige te” - Re 4 4
Sanda Island, - - wg 4 2
Machr ihanish, - ~ 4 t 2
Ballochantee and Musdale, - at 4 5
Gigha Island, - - 2 22 8. i
Jura Island, - = - s 2 38 os
Colonsay Island, - 6 14 h
Portnahaven, Islay, - - 3 24 52 *
Portwemyss, Islay; - - 18 - 30 i
Bowmore and Port Charlotte, 20 20 :
Portellen & hy ener - 10 3 a
Lochgrunard, —- - 2 4 ‘4
Total, - ~ - 38 369 208
Inveraray District.
Loch Feochan, - - - 4 11
Luing, - = - - 3 21
Loch Melfort, —- - ~ ra 9
Loch Craignish, - - ~ 1 4
Crinan, —- - - - vis 4
Loch Sweyn, - - = 1 8
Loch Kylesport,— - - ur oy 5
Tarbert, - - - - 4 107 17
Ardrishaig, - ~ - Me 64 16
Lochgilphead, - - - 4] 4
Castleton, - - - ~ 19 6
Lochgair, -— - - - 1 12 5
Minard, - - ~ - 14 4
Crarae, - - = - 8 2
Furnace, - ~ ~ - 9 3
Kenmore, — - - - 4 2
Inveraray, — - - - 6 5
Dunderaw to Newton, ~ 15 6-
Otter to Ardlamont, - = - 19 7
Total, - - 5 326 139 aN
Rothesay District.
| Rothesay, 8 14
Port Bannatyne and North
Bute, —- - 2 13 7
Kyles of Bute, - 32 12
St Ninians, and West Side of
Bute, - 2 1G; 6
Kilchatten and Schoolas, ~ 5 7
Roseneath to Toward, ~ 26 30
Lochranza and Caticol, - 3 26 3
Pirnmill to Blackwater, - 20 4 -
Blackwater to Whiting Bay, ; 4 5 :
Whiting Bay to Lamlash, - : Be 6 :
Brodick and Corrie, - 7 z 3 2 ;
Total, - - “4 151 96
‘uis iP the Fishery y Board for Sc Scotland. 65
APPENDIX D.—TABLE VIII.—Continued.
Number of Boats in
Classes. Total
Number tat i Resident
; cs 43 : ¢ Fisher-
ate
CREEKS. # aa | #o ee Beam moat men and
sat | 8%; | So; | Trawl an
S221/528 | S78 | Vessels.) Beam | Boys.
OGE | OSS er. essels. ‘aah
ets, | oh | oes raw
mee| Gs | aa Vessels.
So a a
oD
Greenock District. .
Gareloch,- - Rs 6 10 16 30
- Helensbro and Tontarteu . ane 4 8 12 20
Glasgow and-Paisley,- - iM. 2 ? I 5 15
Port-Glasgow, - -. - Bk IZ 9 21 22
Greenock, - Fe Seat He 8 3 10 31 50
Gourock, - = = - LPs... 2 7 2 Dh 14
Inverkip, - - - - Me a 6 5 8
Largs, - - - - 1 4 23 29 60
Forties) ei vieia Mae fs, a ae 5 5 8
Cumbraes,-— - ~ - , 5 11 16 23
Portincross, Sh Ee at 4 7 11 18
Ardrossan, Save eo AS 2 2 4
Saltcoats, — - - - 42 7 49 80
Ervine sed add, ete \ 5 1 27 3 31 65
Troon, - = - - ; 22 4 26 20
Total, -' = - ye 138 116 eek 270 427
Ballantrae District.
Annan, - - - - 10 44 54 90
Powfoot, &c., - - ~ ie ra he 24
Carsethorn, =. = 5 5 12
Kirkcudbright, &o. 7 2s 10 10 12
Garlieston, spi tae 4 14 18 12
Whitehorn Isle,- -~- -—- 16 16. 18
Port William, - - - 36 36 38
Gipaines,. 2 73a l ye 4 9 13 24
Nandheads— no /. S 1 20 21 24
Drumore, - = ~ - 8 4° 12 40
Portlogan, — - ~ - 9 9 15
Portpatriek, > ¢'¢ Si) 3 24 27 63
| Stewarton, &,- - + 1 12 13 24
Stranraer,- - - = iL 15 15 dl 54
Cairnryan,-— - - ~ 2 6 8 24
Ballantrae, - ~ ~ 30 O52 40 88
Carleton, &c., =~) ~ \~ |" 2 72 4 17 48
Girvan, - ~ - - 1 62 8 1 72 164
Maidens, - - - - 18 18 36 55
Dunure, - - = 40 15) 55 70
Fo hs aa) aoe 1 18 18 38 54
; Rotarod. SB 218 | 263 45 | 581 | 953
Ng DUGALD GRAHAM, Secretary.
cs Fishery: ‘Bowrd for Seokland, :
a ope _ Edinburgh, ist May 1890.
4
s
ee
B.
Be: if
4 7 \
EB :
¢, Neal {
w ‘B, ”
te ~
- ¥ Be
AS be nt eeiin SE , Ras he ka
io a 2 As coy NRE Td dea intend 2 / Uiicas +.) Oat vat) Pw @ Gh oP ™
Tor DM PEGS ec hE ae RUM) atone SE CORE amt TCR Tae
I aie |
a0 =
.
me
y?
r
*. 4%
a_i
ne
»
‘
ma Pet
o
Ves
ak OPS ey od
7
oo
TET aN
\
t
Appendices to Eighth Annual Repor
6
‘UO. poyedap
aseg ‘shonq oy} pouiejer io oszuep | ,4Ue{] poo, oY} Jo Jo4svyy
oy} euop Sumry peep guepuodsey | qyIM poeyeorunwiu0s L0NfO
‘A[dox ou 4os yuq ‘eseuep jo
yey *sog Avd prnoys ey 4ey4
,OWJ,, JO loJsvyy 0} poysoosng
fouy, ey} Aq posemep
AT[VPUSp10Iv SVA , BUOT, OY} YVYy
‘Moy poytedep osBg | punoj ‘asvo pozeSt{SOAT BOO
“saourveyd
-u0d Aq pojdeoov sua orp ‘WTelO
JO JUaUEST}}OS Ul [HF porsyo guepuodsey
‘CF ye asvuvp possosse
pue ‘eseo poyesysovul weoTO
‘ ‘route, d
<ui0o Aq jpojdeooe Sea OIA ‘StUTeTD
Tre Jo [My ul “YF —pereyo syuepuodsay ‘SOL “IZ#F Gvosvmep possosse
‘asvo af]Jes 0} s}OYo poporrjoad ssyyy | pue ‘oso poyestyseaul J00IO
*STTNSOY ‘mo yey sdoyg
‘oe “189
| “Mtg “WO}MeN JO. -4Ua}UT Poos,
‘
qeoq Aq ‘FQ “Md ‘yInou
-uing jo , pho[Malaunung , yeoq
0} Sulsuojeq ‘fooroy} sfong
t
remain ee! i mee Oe
; | ealg} jo woljuajeat puv Sut
‘episug |'1oysvag yo api |} ynoqy | -[noy Aq syou SuLuwey 07 ssvueg
018 IA
‘aod ames Jo , OMT, Yoq TILA
uorst{[oo Aq “EZ01 “M'a ‘YJnour
‘OpIsuy ‘Avg ynowesy uy | -oAq jo , BUOT , Fvoq 0} doeUILG
‘IGLI ‘Ma “Hod ous
| Jo ,souspyu0g, qwoy Aq “096
‘Yynour ‘Sd ‘qynowmedg jo :vruuepig ,
‘apismng | -eAq jo ‘q's soTm % | ¥eoq JO soul] yooppry 04 ssvureq
"LLG ‘S'S'S “SPTPLUS
Yon jo ,Weug yey,
| dopaveyy wiveys Aq “E80L_ “HT
‘pray | “UPLATT JO WOH, ywoq surysy
‘apising | S.qqV 48 JO "A Soplut QT | Wveqys Jo soul] yvors 0} osvUlvg
‘LOIMLSIQ) HLAONAAY
*SLOJOM,
[VLlopay, actly. eaten
-OpIsyuo : a a quivpdmoyg jo suze
io opisuy | CUMS pue ‘Aqrpesoy
ToqpouM
#Z “Suy
qe ady
6T “90d
‘888I
‘Q0UdTJO Jo
ayeq
7
‘osvo TORI UI SPUSY oy} Surmoys puv { EggT IwoA oY} UL ‘MoWMoYsIy Jo vox) 10 ‘soUr] ‘SJoNy “s}eOg OY} 0} S}vOg HULYSIY 10430 10 sjossoA [MRIT,
T UTdVi— a XIGNaddV
-mrog kq suop sonmfuy jo ‘toy, Aq uo poysodey pur poyesrysoauy pur ‘auvog AUGHSI oY} Jo sleoYO oF oprul GLNTIVIdWO) Jo ‘spugsiqd Aq ‘NUALAY
=
+ =
~ Laos
r = 2 : <puepley, ‘rauve4ys : 2s «
‘satyied yQOq Jo s.pivog Aroysiy Sq ‘TSO ‘HT be
‘Looyo Aq pepuatMModer Sv uorTyeulUIexe pue ‘sotieapuodser ezueyo0g jo ,s1uuy, 4voq— wey
‘Jourelduroo 0} ‘sp ‘eg pred yuopuodsoy | -100 Aq “oseo payzesiqsaaul I00qJO ‘episuy ‘a1zmayo09 Yo opr 70 Sjou-eyeys JO uUomonijseq | Gg sung Le
‘GhE . ae.
‘ANT * suduoysorg jo ,jourr, a
= : : ywoq Aq ‘109 “HT ‘woavy ‘Se
— Sr ett ea ees “sourapuodsar ee ee ene 70% osdtpoq , qvoq JO “ves i =
> id ‘pouolynve guepuodsay | -100 &q asvo payeenaeen J29 IO ‘episuy | ‘suvduoyserg Jo optut [. | ye ‘ogy ‘sjou Soaqsep oy Surmoyworyy, | gL Avy a
zi ae . taketh Re ‘6201 “a “WnoteAg ite aie <5
ea 3 = cies oh oak (euoy., yeog surysy £q “esp aw
oN s sonted Yyoq Jo UOT} 'N'S ‘SPleMS WAION Jo aes ix =
oe . > “laoyjo YSsnoiy} ‘teureyduro0o -eUIUeXe pu ‘esouepuodseitoo ‘puepsy Avy. } “WLYG, LapAvy wreys Jo Sey pee met
: : iS oy “pg -38r jo wire pred yuepuodsoy | Aq asvo _pajverjsoaul 10010 ‘opisyng | wo g fq “gy SOLU ST | hus: u1ejuvt-Loug Jo. uorjnyseg | TT Avy om
; s ype y s - 96ND “‘WopUvIA JO | ere.
3 33 ‘S}oU S,Jeure[dwioo Sut (OREM ssoqsoy., LoUlf-ueays | 3
Sed <I -Seulep ploav 0} sjroya siq Aq ‘“roureyd ‘sotjied oq Jo uoTy | 44 “668. “H'T ‘mMomeystqg | x of
Be e. “100 94} Wey. SsoT 1e}yveIS pouUleysns -vullexe pue ‘aouepuodsetioo =| jo e UML aLsseyA , yeoq jo |, 2 ‘ieee
eS S suraey ey ‘efqedtno you quepuodser punog | Aq osvo pojvstysoaul O0WO | ‘eprsqng | ‘sequal JO "A'N Softw F | _Sou- SuLLIay 0} PoeUep. pesaqlv Ll wen eet
faa FS 3 ‘LOTMISI HLTA 4
e+ : | a eet
a —* & 3 : “‘qqnowst, Jo JTouvopy, Jeoq |
re és re Ee Ag sd. a “mvypsarpyor)
a = : ‘eased polopueqe Ioonjo ‘poyuem =| *SIV[NOIYAed [VUOTIppe [ILA PIO. AeLIn yy Arey, yvoq Fo :
= eg Sny} UWOlyeulIojur oy} jos Sulaeg JON | porddns eq 03 poysonbor Je0WjZO *dpIsNoO ‘peo S.qqVv IS HO Sou, ooppey [i eee PaPTV | ‘AON
s ; .— "eer. ae
Be no s:
> = - it ii - i : sy 2
eR at Bal "9101.2 AA : cat va OOS
se [CLIO}ILI9 J, : B oAyag's fat ;
Se ae ; = a meet 2 ae a10yg Woy . ae pot be eouayO Jo
ay Sie DEMOS eee ee oe MOA a sami aetce th | soomecr | 2measta pre ‘AgVOOTT REATARD PM cE | Cae
ae : | toqeT li thet ye ato
a ‘ a 1 r a = ey ee ~ c
“4 nae ——, rs Ss E.:)_—_00 eee ¥ - “ I 4 : ;
ag Ee, IE Sea Doe oe , ponnguee— Tt ATT ¥T— a XIGNGAAV a) ig th oe ee ee eee
Sa ‘UO péimedep aSuvyo pue ‘Sur
SSeS -YLI} oSvuvp ‘ayqeploavun sulpnoy punoy
ex ‘mor poyredap sva ase
oe ey} pur “40S eq plnod Jessea Jo 90¥1} ON
ag Say Sa :
Bsc S
eee Qy
ie ae
x : Re “100 qJo Aq pepusuluLoder sv
es ¢ gs ‘rouredui0d 0} ‘sol ‘THF pred yuepuodsoyy
= * d Ss ;
3 “ad =. ‘MOL poyredap asvo
Bat, x pue ‘UOlzeIIqae 0} dae1se Jou prom
es ‘wIep-rteyun0o «6 «6ut «yd yuapuodsoyy
= —
ES =
i. oo
= * >
“a RQ
c; -S
SS
ce $ ‘yurepduood passruisip
2 a pus ‘efqedjno you yuepuodsor punoy
S
= ‘£ed 04 pasnyat yuapuods
x OY Yop ‘Laurepduoo 03 ‘ox Jo pavmy
+s aS he
%
Pe ‘s}[NSORT
CO
, To)
F
asi
. r
“aouepuod
-100 Aq esvo poyeSyseam 120qI0
*[OSSOA
ey} pug 0} poy puv “soz
jo qunowe 0} aseuep punoy
‘asvo emt poyeVsysoaurt Ie0qIO
*9SVO OY} Po}VSI4SaAul 1I0qFO
‘CLF ye osvulep pojemrysa
pue ‘asvo payeSiyseaut 100190
‘soryaed y40q Jo_
uorjeurmexe pue ‘souepuodser
-109 AQ OSI PeqVSTYSIAUL IOOYO
‘sorqaed yAoq Jo
MOIyeuluexe pue ‘souspuodsar
-100 Aq eS¥d PoJeSIYSOAUT IOITO
‘uayry sdaqg
E “pve fT
“Opismmg | S4¢V 4§ JO “A Sseltut gE
‘apisuy | | r-zoqqngsuy YO soplur %
‘opIsuy ‘JOYJUIYSUY yo SoU ¢
“pueyst
‘opisuy | Avy oY} JO pua yng
*‘puvysy Sv
‘OpIsInO |UOY “ANA solu 6
‘requuqd
‘OpIsng | WOly “A'N'N Sseflu Gg
*S10]B MA
[elMoz1L719 J, ‘a10YS ULOLf
apIsng sourysiq, pue ‘AqITVoory
IO opisuy
ToyyOUM
‘ponuyuoo— "| ATAVL—"a XIGNAddV
‘Io Na. eqqnowe sgt
“jo uoiduvyy, yvoq Aq ‘FG
"A*H Souvuopwl 39 Jo , prow
wog, 3voq JO Soul, 0} osemeEd
~ _{pLulery, potuL aq 0} prUs
qowooyos usta10j Aq ‘G0GT ‘AM
2
=
a
7 «
‘OOMUAIg JO ,euIMelpuy, | S..
yeoq Jo sjou- Suoy oy osvuvqg | FL ‘qe7 ¥
"GS" AM *)
‘g0uvu0yyT IQ jo (SOUS pur Bs:
uyor, ywoq Jo samt Aq {20
"Ky ‘oyhpavypa9 jo , sserdxq ,
qvoq JO SjeU-SulLey 0} esvulvg | Gg
_ ‘govtd oures Jo Z8e ‘AM
{WOSIIM vieqieg , ywoq Jo syou
yy surnoy Aq “qos ‘AM
‘QouvuOTT 39 Jo ,usonty Av,
yvoq jo sq0U- SULLY] oy oseueg | F ‘Q%y
‘LOULSIG ATHLAULSNY
4
‘186 ‘H'T ‘MOLOYSE I jo , ssoxy =
edovy, yvoq Aq ‘ggg “H'T
‘MOLIOYSLYT JO , OUT, YOU, | 4
4voq jo soul, jo SUL[NOF pesaly | 12 2o ..
‘FL NO “WOPUBIY) jo .
Se[snog , LoTMVIy-UIvEYs Lq “O/G
‘HT ‘requng jo ,oyorg Apey, x.
qeoq Aq soul[ JO worlponijseq | OL Avy
“6881 :
‘qurejduiog jo ainyeNy weit So | =e ;
ha,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland,
a f Vs
y ' *
‘
‘s1ourep[dui0s
0} [rer Aq poumyer Suroq souty Aq pepyyog
‘quopuodses ysurvSe voueyo Jo Jooid oN
‘usAoid Jou pinoy
“Taog
SOUT] SUI}JOS LO} 4yWeJ UT puNo] AoUTe{duI0g
‘OOO YSsno1y} pred Leuop ‘poydaooe
Joure[duos YorpM 9F pereyo yuepuodsey
"sso
‘gouspuodser
-100 Aq 98¥O PdJVSTJSOAUL IOOYO
‘9SVI POJVSTISCAUI IBOIO
‘QSBO PO}CSIJSOAUL IOOIO
‘9SB) PYVSTJSOAUL IOOIO
‘SOL ‘L# ye oseuep possosse
pus ‘eased poayesysoaul 100qJO
‘uayey sdoyg Z
‘apisjnoO
‘apIsuy
‘episng
OpIsnoO
“apIsyno
*SIOYR AA
[BLO J,
episno
IO eprIsuy
TOyJOUM
‘ponuyuo—T AIGVI—"A XIGNHddV AS :
"S61 “V ‘HoyselT[OD Jo
,SSUIPLL perp , yeoq Aq “COT “V
"048 ‘ALOT, JO ,Juvog, yvoq jo vos
“OTT[0D YO soyiut g 04 Gg
‘\LOTGLSIG Naadtaady
on ‘Gez “V ‘eovyd
IMS JO , JULTISTA , yeoq Aq ‘TH
‘y ‘UWaALYOUOJG Jo , BI[EqQVST,
"HOARY
“ou0}s JO “W'S solu
'1z9 "WV ‘Usaplaqy jo , WOxVg
[ekoy . cepMery-tavays Aq ‘TEe
“VY ‘WaABysuoz, Jo , sUTA , JVOq
jo souly AvmMe Surdsrivo posolyTy
- ~~ "9cG °V-
‘govtd outers jo , prey pnoig,
yeoq Aq Feg “vy ‘WeARyatoyS
JO , O[QBplulloy , JVog fo seul]
pornos; of ‘“Suyygno Aq osewmeg
_. aT48e8_D
Joyjoung yo seylm Ff
‘WOABYIUOIG
Woly "A'S y sop FP
‘NHAVHENOLS dO LOIMLSIG-
PS
‘N'S ‘Spperys YWON ,“ospury
‘ jo [aeq, dopMety wees Aq
‘TAST ‘AM ‘oyApseyepQ jo |
"oor []9q JO ‘Wy SeTIUl g | , OJLMOg, JvoOq Jo seUTT 0 ssvUeG
‘QLOUG WoIy
aourysig pure ‘41[v007] . ‘qureyduiog jo aanyen ,
yeoq JO Soul, 0} osSvUep posol[y |. LZ
*.
qe qsoy soul, dn oats 09 Jesnjoy | 0G “Ga
‘00d
g ‘4dag
>
i age if
03 29d
“6981
‘gouayo jo
ayed
art
aavel
\
to
dices
d
Appe
Highth A
70
|
:
|
‘OSVO PO}VST}SEAUI I90IFO
Sages
‘uaaord you punog | ‘QSBO POYCSIJSOAUI LO0JO | ‘apisjno
6A1QUOD.W |.
: ‘sorjred ayy. WaeMjeq YUAUE
‘poydooov sxoureydtios yoryM = | s-aS ele o]qvorwme Ue poysessns
‘cox ed 04 o018v Ayjenqgum syuopuodsey | pue ‘asvo poeyesiqsoaul J00WJO ‘apisqng
‘reoqjo Aq popreme ‘OF Je ASvUILP Possosse
oF 943 Sutd{ed gquopuodser Aq popes | pue ‘esvo poqyesyysoaur 100TJO “apisjnog
"S108 MA
[Cl0zIL.10 J,
“S}NsAayy, ‘aYyvy} sdoyg apis}jno
IO opIsuy
TOTO AA
|
Tee yo ,keppurg wre, wopaey fo th
mrss soplur ¢% ynoqy | jo eur-yeois Avme Surkieg | ‘g ‘dveq | ee
ae yo ,Wpom, yvoq Surysy
--oqy Jo soptu g ynoqy | ‘Aonq Ave surdaivo peseypy
‘6CPL ‘N'S “SPISTYS WON
ee —uwuveys Aq “GT ‘NS ‘UOqURIDH © ; 5
"ssouoTpIPy, WoIg =| JO , UN, , Ywoq Sumsy-tuvo}s — “3
x
‘L N'Y “uozyueIy
ourtuneys: Aq ‘ZIG “Wr “Weep:
_Heaqy JO , USIsoq poop, yvoq
‘asep = |, JO: omy, Jo Javd. pure ‘edos-Lonq
| *MOSSTH JO , OIQUION, TT O10,
‘uaap =|, “S'S Aq “ZOT “V ‘Mudoyeyg jo
-10QV JO sop 2 ynoqy | , Ag, Jwoq Surysy oy esvareg
"L9G “V “Uaaproqy Jo:
, Uoxrg pesoy , oy} pur ‘LOFT
"NG ‘coud oures: Jo. , LIOJOEA ,. .
94} S6FL “N’S SPITS WONT a
JO <Sppod WRITTIM , Sopawerz | |
wos Aq ‘9ze ‘q’°S ‘purysep
‘ssoUle[ PIL Woy “Ung JO , peuog SunoX , ywog
‘H'S'H Sop gp ynoqy | Sumjsy-uvojys.jo sou surtueg | OT Avi
a a eh SS IS Bend ee
‘ ~
—
WSS
—
oS
=)
‘govt OURS! JO. TOE y ({UOXUG
jehoy, doparay ureoys Aq
*SSOUd[PILY WOdy ‘Lp “Vv ‘uaepsoqy JO , paeMugC ,
"A'S soplur gf ynoqy | yeoq jo sour Ame Sulhuey |] OT AVIW
. “6881
‘aLOYG WO.Ay F ; 3 “20UaO Jo
souvysiq pue ‘AzI[VoO'TT CERIO). JOLT CHT |
‘ponuyuo—'T FIAVL—"A XIGNAdd Vv | ee aie
Ay
+t
ae
~~
en)
. at
4
~~
Tal
iy
v
eA
Thaw a
Se at
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
‘maAoid Jou puno,y
‘rourepduios Aq poydaoov sea Ory
‘unTe[D Jo [[UF UL GF pereyo. yuopuodsey
aSeurep pue ‘pa
‘aTqeproavun Surpnoy Aq
seuep Aypenbs ynoqe syoN
‘rauTeyd
p9 ‘S6L ‘F¥ pred yuepuodsoery,
‘uoaorid you puno,y
‘udAoId Jou punoy
See Ne ae
‘saryied Yoq Sut
-Irey Aq Jurei{duio. poyestyseauy
‘OF Jv OSvUILp possossy
‘IOTMVI} YIM pepuodseri09
pue “4urejduos pozeSysoxuT
‘solqyied qjoq Sut
-rway Aq oS¥d PozVSI}SOAUT L20UIO,
‘sorzied yoq Sur
-Ivoy AQ, WSBO Po4VSI}SOAUT L90IYO,
‘sarqivd y0q Sut
“voy AQ eSVd po}VST4SEATI AIOTJO
“9980 P2e}SI4SOAUI OOO
“ponuyuo—'L. FTAVI—
ae
‘Opisuy
‘opisng
~
“OpIsn@,
‘optsuy
6
“ueppog
yo eouvysrp ywoyss Vy
‘wetong Jo
sioT Mg FO sepia g ogy
‘pee
AVIYLYT YO soy g, 04 J
“‘IOgIeET Pvoylojod
‘peoyteyeg Jo ‘puryT
‘opisuy | Wolf sori §Z ynoqy
‘apIsno
$1078 MA
- [RILOYLL10J,
OPIsIRO;
IO opis]
ToqyoUM
/
U XIGQNGddVv
‘ssouueyong Woy
‘H'S'S Sop g yoqy |
aLOYS WIOLy —
souvysicy pue “Aqrpwoory:
\
» - @ “—- i
t. 5 Soe
“OS0T “Ad “ueaeq
“uing Jo ,ydspy, yeoq Aq FTF
‘d'd ‘“weppog jo ,cuysuyg,
qeoq Jo: seul, Jo Suryqgno peselty
‘8 “N'S ‘Splelyg YON Jo
, tosusydeyg ’ TOT MBI4 Wed94s Aq
‘181 ‘CA'd “pvoyteyog jo , 0a1y,
wed, yoq jo seuly of oBeueg
“GSOI
‘HT ‘q}IerTT Jo , uopayy Sunox ,
yeoq Aq ‘919. ‘Ca. ‘proy
-1949q jo , SOTBM. jo eoulld ,
yvoq JO sje of asemep peseTLy
"6¢ ‘Cd ‘WeAnyuryong,
jo aly, yeoq Aq ‘Og
‘a’ ‘SMoIpUy 49 jo , uosiepuy
JolVsIVYL, yeoq of- esvulvg,
P< ‘98 “C'd “oysarTJog,
jo .oalpy, ywoq, Aq, “gee
‘Gd ‘pesyrojag jo .Aqny.,,
yeoqg jo SJet OF aerulep pesaTy
ene ‘66L ‘Ad.
‘Woysal][O/ jo ,ssordxg,.yvoq, Aq
‘69 ‘Cd. ‘uleppog Jo ,sseoong,
yeoq JO Sjou. 0} oseuIup pasoyy
~
‘LOIMLSIQ, CGVEHUILAg
,
}
-quepdimog jo amguyy
cr
: a0tlaO jo
| eae
a a
, a
. Sig
ra
-
“00 Ee
fe :
‘ony > aap #3
‘Sny s os
| 7 sor . eee “099 “AW ‘osorquOTy Jo
the ; ss > ‘saeureyd ,vsoy, JopmeVty urvoys Aq *ZFz ‘ = eo
: -uioo Aq pojdeoov stm orm ‘uILeTO "SOL ‘GIF Je oSvurIep passosse “A'q ‘oryong jo , pang, yvoq SS
= JO ][NF Ul ‘SOL ‘GF poroyo yuepuodsey | pue ‘asva poqvStyseaul Je0O ‘apIsyug ‘IojsqATT Yo sopiur fF | jo “ow ‘skonq ‘sauly 03 osvuvg | FL ‘Qeg | or
see | . : "10g “V “Waapssqy is = coe
Ri : JO . PIPL YSty,O0g, sep Wey ig
; wveys Aq “E99 “\A'd “olsso}10g oS
‘SOT ‘EF JV osvmep passessr - a jo ,wopoatg, yewoq jo “or HR ee
ae ; - ‘uaaoid jou punog | pue ‘esed poyesijsoaul 001O ‘apisyng | "peopy_qzAp) Yo sopim Sp | ‘sKonq ‘syou 0} oSvulvp poselTy | 6% “Ure ae
— 4 .Saae
S, . “LOIWLSIG among ‘i: ee
RS 5
iS ‘196 “U'd “puapueg es
jo ,suuy, ywoq Aq 91 “A'a 2%
~ 5 ‘Surpued pea : ‘gueg jo ,ung Sursiy, yeoq eee
S IIs eseg ‘ARTIQeIT soruep Jusepuodsoy ‘OSVI PI]VOIJSOAUL LOOIJO ‘apisyug |‘Aosz1og Jo "WN seri ZT | Jo sour, pue Aong Avae sutkieyg | Z ‘o0q Fe
a *sIOYSY QB1o Jupovy[ ne
Ss kq punois Surysy jou-qytp £3
an eS uo yas sfeato qvio Aq ‘OFZ . .
ee > *ouoUl "SGT ‘GF yw advurep passosse ‘yup ‘d'g ‘upovyy jo , sporvsivyy, 3
ee <2 jo nel ur sjou poqdooor suoureiduiog | pus ‘asvo poqesiysoaul 00lgO ‘opisuy | -ovpT Jo ‘GN epturv jo | qyoq jo sjou 03 dsovmvq | of ‘sny <aes
< 3 “S16 ‘A'S
3 8 | ‘queg jo ,Sag, ywoq Aq ‘Fg ’
S Te ‘leotgo Aq poprvae [TF pojdaoov oar ‘LF 1@ YS JO ssoy passassev ‘| cmg ‘gnuporey, jo ,dorpmoq , es = ‘
w = SIOULV[AWOd 0} SUI] pounjor uopuodsey | pue ‘asvo pejVdi4seaUI S0TJO ‘apisyag ‘yueg Jo ‘N septur gt | yoq jo souyy Avme suitawg | gt ‘aeyq :
x SS : ‘L881
5 Ss ‘LOMLSI( daNvg
» = : x
N a
a "SLOPE M ve
et : : ope ‘a10YS WOT . “g01aJO JO
j : . s}Msory uae} sdoyg igen aouvystg pue ‘Aq1007] quiepduio;) Jo anyen aqvq
Be TOTOUM, | | |
nN
i ‘ponuyuoo— 'T ATAVL— a XIGNdddV 2 ms
~ : - F = - = z % a
eo ‘
. rt y ‘ 7 ‘* wi : yt
; ; “6L ‘A'S :
ysno1oqgivog jo ,osnoyjeq, : eS se
. Jo[MEd} Weoys oy} Aq “EIQ “\A’g ia
ie
a ie
é ‘stoutetduros Aq poydaooe sem Yor ‘sz ‘eR Ye oSvIUBp possess ‘alyoug Iyong jo ,uuy olsser, ywoq : <<
‘UIe[O JO [NJ UL ZF poleyo syuopuodsey | pue ‘asvo poyestjsoaul AIO ‘apisng | Woy “q'N Soepltu fe | Jo ‘ow ‘Konq ‘soul, 0} oSeuvg | gt “ART Ser eS
sc "66 ‘V “Weepreqy Jo Ea ae
ees = Id[MvIY Wies}s 943 Aq ‘OLT “A'T : eu
we ‘rouleydutos Aq poydoaooe svar TOTTAN ‘SCT ‘ELF ye oSvmep possosse "1048 ‘aryong jo ,zadivyg yoory , yvoq es
‘WIe[O JO [[NJ Ul OF poloyo:syuopuodsoy | puwe ‘asvd pojestqsoAUL II0IO ‘optsquo | -qATT YO sopiw ZT OF OT | Jo ‘ow ‘song ‘souly 07 osvmeg | FL “Ur]T a
: ‘099 HW egies
. 3 7 ‘QSOlJUOP, JO , VSO, JopMery ;
% <= : : wees on} Aq “$89 ‘A'd ‘Isso . ie
coe 3S *saouter~dios Aq poydoooe sv TOIT A ‘ly yw osvuiep possosse ; . | -4J4og Jo , youvrg , ywoq jo sult ee ane
m- ‘MIIv]O JO [IN] Ul “sO, potoyo syuspuodsey | pue ‘asvo pozeSi{soAUL AOOIYO ‘apisyng | ‘toysqArT Yo soptcu F 03 g | pue Aongq ‘ovy jo Ave Surdrmwg | eT ARAL > ae
an ‘SIE =
5 ‘A'S ‘puvpropung jo , pur, | =
ae ~ . “yong YUeIg, iopaviy wee4s Y
ety = oy Aq ‘1@L ‘a'a ‘Aqyoopurg Bit:
<= = ‘grourejduios Aq poydooov svi TOI ‘PP ‘SSL ‘6F 7@ osvlUNp possosse “ssou jo ,puvployjng sissy, yroq - =a
- S ‘UIv]O JO [INF Ul GF peteyo syuopuodsoy | pue ‘asvo po}eVSiysoAUL AOOIO ‘apiswo | -WIATO HO soptu Zl OF OT | Jo “ow ‘shong ‘souly oj esvemegq | QZ ‘qaq :
mS ~ | “19¢T “HE “WMH Jo, INweMog, ett
= * > "MOIT - Jo[MvI} Wiveys Aq ‘alyoouyyAOg pee
7% Ss peyavdep sta osvo oy} ‘ATOYeIpetuUT ‘SOL ‘FF 7 oSvulep possosse "peoTy JO 989 ‘A , WOTPIQIYXW, ywvoq - Cee ee |
le a puv[suq 0} ou0Ss ulavy ,[njtomog, | pue “esvo poj}estyscaAur J00IJO ‘aptswug | WIAD PO soprut Zp 04 OT | Jo “ow ‘Aonq ‘soury pee Ps 02 ‘daa : :
ES: &y | Ssomuopy Jo ,esoy, dopey | rc ea
ers 3 . wvoqs oy} Aq ‘F69 ‘A'a ‘AqOp reSY
ee tS ‘szouteyduios Aq poydeose sea TOIT "SOT ‘ITF 7e oSvuIep possosse : Re. “Ulg JO ,ed1[W alsser, yvoq , ad
ee a ‘UIIe[D JO [[NJ UL eF poleyo syuopuodsoy | pue ‘asvo pojesyseaut WYO “Opis UO ‘ssottyyA(D YO sopyut g | jo ‘oxy ‘skonq ‘seuty 07 esvmeqg | 0% “qe” 5
ee J : ; +5 : / “688T ee ee ae
‘S10YC MA - : Sa oe 9 he
= Terre “ex0yg uloTf | = = : ‘ouagg jo} se
‘syNsoyy ‘wayey sdaqg epIswO | —“qurejdumog Jo ernyen ce - tS
. “ F Io opIsuy aourysig pus Ser, : eyed
: | ToyPOUM. ; ; “ ; , aa
*ponmquoo—"T AT
a . : ¢
>
aVil-—-"a XIGNAddV
ys
Hee
/ tae
aU
et
er
aes Th
ae,
5
‘
,
sha
of,
St Ae ee
te ae ye
hth Annual Report
re +m ~ TSGT 0M
at oqmy jo , Beqvsy, yvoq ‘
moqieH | Aq ‘TIeT “MM “eldston jo , aur
Mou e@ Joy poom. parjddns yuepuodsery ‘aSBO PO}BSISOAUI OOO ‘OpIsuy | OVpSUpOFF 0} souvrjyUy | -O1vD ,, yVoq JO dappni.o, eseumeg | eT ‘sry
‘Joppn1i
“LOTMLSIG ATVASW 1a
’ | 18 (N'S ‘spperqg
YON JO ,Wosuopj ou, »
2 JeTMBly wuveys Aq “ZEST 'S*N'T
“MOI, poyredep ‘DF Je osvurep possosse ‘yyhowaissoy - jo , IOV A ,
asveo pue ‘A4ITIqeI,T poruep yuspuodsery pue ‘osvo poaqyesiqsoaul 10009 ‘apisNo ‘SSON YJATO JO sojtut F | yvoq Jo soury 07 OSVULVP Peso] V 0% ‘qaa
‘0682 ‘S'N'L ‘peyysimg jo
, SNoLayzxegy ,.4voq Aq ‘TE “‘S°N°T
“MUOTy ‘qynowidIssoyT jo , uouurysS ,
poyiedep osvo puv ‘atqeprloavun sovUEC ‘98vd PO4VSI4SOAUI I0IO ‘apis no _ ‘“SSOTPIC JO sopiut g | ywoq Jo syou of oSvuep posoity | g ‘qog
ve ‘81Z'S'S'S ‘SPleIyg ynog
jo , sutoydsog , op Mery} aves
Boy “steuretduros Aq paydooov sv TOM "SOT ‘oF Ve OSevmMLp possesse | Aq ‘9F8 “S*N*T ‘wewedoz7 jo
RQ. ‘WIeD JO [[NF Ul FF poerteyo yuepuodsey | pus ‘esvo poyeSrjseaut RCHITg) ‘apIsno “YyVoquN Yo soy F | OV], yoq Jo somyoy asvueq | g ‘qayq
S ‘96FT
~ % ‘NS ‘SPRIUS GON | .“UIeg
4 ‘OSVUlUp 1OJ ZF Popavary MOIPUY , Le[Mery urveys fq ‘gce
<2 Jouryydwmos pure ‘gyF pouy qyuepuods "CCH Je ssvurep possosse ‘S'N’T ‘ymoumatssory fo , oAVAL
= oY ‘UWS WI YUsys s1ofoq por} oseo pue ‘asved poyesIJsoAUT I90IJO “apIsjng "BILOYSJIOT JO SoU F | -0}09, Jeoq Jo sjou oy oseuveqg | Zl ‘ue
“688T
S : ‘LOIISIG NYOHANT
ae}
"S10YC MA.
[ClLOFLL19,f, > ’ To:
‘SYMsary ‘uayey sdory SpIsitO Rs epee ley 2 ‘qurejdio;,) Joamyeyy | ~— jo
OYUN
~~ ‘panuyuos —"T WIAV.L— a XIGNUddV
a)
3 | Fan)
b hs
—s
= s
: =
S
wi
‘a
= ~~ ;
| &
oS ‘>
<= ~
2
2 =
a SS
=
——*
per 7 =
os a
<P
ee ay
a ~ - .
ce
ee >
- = > as
E é we -
ce Fs
2 ae
ea
i
pue ‘ased pdyesIJSeaul J0IJO ‘opispung. Jo sepiur $7, jo seul, sory} AvMe Sutkae9 | & ‘ue p
“LOIMLSIG: HOLA |"
i aa |
—'g'g'a QaodMoN jo TeBopeLy,
. AperyT , LoTMv1y Tav9qS hq ‘eer i:
-ammoasord Jou prom sraurepd ‘CP ye oSeep possosse i. "peo W419 "Mia ‘toysqArT Jo , AI0TA 5
--u00 pue ‘AqTIqeIT petuep yuepuodsey | pue ‘esvo poyeSyseatr JsoyO | ‘episyno |, YO o8 Jo soptur g 10 g | yeoq Jo souy oF aseuep peselTy IZ ‘dea
S16 'SSS ft
‘sroureptuoD oF xesTyO YSnomgy. _ SPPTYS Weg Jo ,sns0ydsog , — |
- peqqtures pue ‘yor ‘Teosty- royeIndserg |, Boose wesys Aq “eZJT
ysnoryy peteaooes sum ‘ey ATTeuUy gnq = | "oF Ye osSeurep possosse ‘peoH «| CSM ‘9sr0,F Jo , _ SUTTLOTY aut
| “ureyo Jo [IMJ Ul GF poteyo juepuodsey | pue ‘osvo pyestjseaul s00yO ‘opisyng, | UIATO Yo os Jo sopsut 9 | 0 epllg , yeoq, Jo soul oy cme}
- “099
‘T'W ‘esomjuoy, jo , ley,
qopavay urveys Aq “Og61 “MM
osmMyy, jo sieyjoig , 7eo0q
‘leoqjo Lq popusuurooe1 "OF 4B OSVUBP passesse
se ‘rourejduioo of eR pred yuepuodsey
}
TZ “G9
4
‘LOTLISICY UAISENT
“STCT “WM
TOMOB}.10q jo e TIYspucTrny ;
—yeoq Aq “oe “STM PTAA FO
, purproyyng jo sseyqonqg Aepr,
| ‘aTVpSUTeFL jo ‘A SOU F, uae JO sjou 0} osvUep poDeTTy,
BOOK
ES = ye opamp ie. uve, Feoq Aq
82 I'M ‘oquig jo , wyedg,,
‘Q[VPSUIJOF] J Sop 9 - Feoq, jo syou jo Sutyqng Deny.
7
2801 CF 38 aSeurep possess
‘Sagpuad mus est) pue ‘osvo poqyesijsoaul. TOO, |
‘apisng, GG “BUY.
‘udAvrd you puno,7 "9SVO POYVSIYSOAUL IOOYJO "OpIsnO oT sny
“688L.
"$1048 AA |
[POLL T, | ara I VIER, SS
SNS. oping. | sor Se econ: | 5. Amadino goremgey: | NOY
TOyJOUM,
ae . | "Teg "¥ Suaapaoqy 40 , woxeg
“tek [ehoy , Jopmvtz unveys Aq ‘9FG ,
| ‘WOIy pozredop ‘SOT ‘1 9% OSeutep possosse . | SM SOTAA JO, OUTTOOIN , = ;
aa | evo pue “‘AqqIqel]T potuep yuepuodsey | pue ‘asvo poqzeSysoaut «1001 ‘apisqno “YOLM HO Sofia OT | yVoq jo ‘ow ‘souly of osevuieq | gT ‘Ie
ns : '6 (N'D ‘WoyURIy Jo , jou
pry -“UeX) , JOTMBIY Uvegs Aq ‘OZG_
‘ : *ulory pogredap SOL ‘ZF YR OSeurep possasse - STM SPLAA JO ,PABAUG , yvOoG
asvo pue ‘AqIIqGvIT potuep yuepuodsey | pue ‘osvo poyeStsoaur 19019O ‘apisqng ‘YOLM YO soptur y | Jo sfonq pue soul of oseureq | GT ‘wey
2 ~ ‘0 L 'V ‘ usep . -
OGY JO, FUSUIOTD 4S, LopMery
wees Aq “Shp “MM OTAL
‘stouteTdutos £q pozdoooe sv TOY "SOL ‘9H 7B OSvUIYp possosse jo ,CUIgSIIYO ddITV , oq Woy é
‘UBD JO [[NJ UL EF poroyo quopuodsoy | pue ‘osed pozeSysoaut I990yYIO ‘opisIno ‘HOTAA JO SaTiutg | Ys# pue sour, Avme Sutdi1e) FL ‘IPN
. “UANOUNY JO , [Le4
"UloIy poqaed “pay, aauooyog Aq ‘ecey “MM
2 -ap osevo pue ‘AzITIQVIT IoyZINJ porusp ‘sc ‘ETF 9B oSeUIep possosse ONY, Jo seoutsrg , yeoq jo odoa
qnq ‘odor Sulms poumyzot qguopuodsey | pue ‘asvo poyeSiyseaul se0TJO ‘apIsyng "AYZLIZE YO soplul g | Surms pue syou Aemve Surkaeg | [ Ae
‘961 “MM “Woaryysog
| JO ,ouve oTTTON , yeoq Aq “GGT
"IOUTLTAUI0D 03 SOUT ‘oF ye OSvuIep possossv WM SPL Jo ,aopesnig,
SUISSIM SUTUINJOI AUepuodser Aq poT}}0g | pues ‘esvo poyeStysaaut sIOIO ‘OpIsuy "OLA YO soptur g | yvoq jo soury Avme Surkreg | 0% *qaq
"€1Z “SAN ‘008
“TRBPG JO ,O7Y , yeoq Aq “ECT
‘IOUIL{AUIOD 04 SOUT ‘CH 1B osvuep possosse ‘WA SLM JO ,dapesniy,
SUISSIU SUTUINyeI yuopuodsor Aq popygeg | pues ‘osvo poyeStysoAUuT Jo0TYO “episuy | ‘MOLM YO soptur g | gvoq Jo sour Avme Surkueg }] 0% ‘“qaq
"669 “I'l “oIssa
-ywog jo ,Aog saiowleg , 7Vvoq
Appendices to Highth Annual Report
‘reuretdutos Aq poydooov sem Yor ‘bIF Ye oSvurep possosse 4q ‘866 “SI'M SLA JO , oR1Ads
o> WITe]O JO [[NJ UL OTF poreyo yuepuodsoy | pue ‘eseo poxeSyseaur I90yFO ‘apIsuy "HOLM YO soplur Z | -rVAy, FVog Jo szau of aSvuING | GT “qayz
tg 2 “6881
oe "S10VE MA
ae [ClLOJLILI J, : .
2) *SPNSOY ator} sdoyg eae Sony rane ene ‘quivjdutog jo sanqeN ara Jo
Se LOY} AN
>. © ging i£nij‘n;n]ss tet sg
ere ~ ‘Panuyquoo—"T AIAVL— A XIGNdddV
es |
}- Y
ara tie Jae
2s a 5 A ‘ ae See for a ees é a Best: ae m = “. ‘ net ad 3 F = SO
oe n 3 ; “s = ; . i i 5 ries -s - ae 5 > tees oat ee 4 x ag aoe 3 , 5 . : + > “s i
= . : ees
| i~ = fi = apna mene es
66% “SH ‘Aest014g 7
¥ jo ,tadsee, yeoq Aq ‘95% “OE fee
< : ‘1o0qjo Aq papusututoses "SZI 9B OSeULep passosse : ‘ssourooq jo ,oulImyeg, 7e0q =a
se ‘toutefduioo 04 ‘szz~ pred syuepuodsoy | pue es¥d pozesSIyseAUI AOILO ‘apIsyno ‘AUSUOIYS YO soptu QT | Jo sfonq puv syou 07 oSeuleg | [Ee Ang ce
- : As
s 4 ‘LOIALSIG: AANYYO z rg if
= Ss : 6 ae
ee = "698 “SE'M PLM. ar
‘ a . ‘sxoUTe[AUIOD &q poydaooe : JO ,JUvIISIA , yeoq Aq ‘egg “ee
: S SUM UNS YoIyM ‘eseuep jo pariyy ‘OTF 3B oseurep pozeurryse ; ‘S'M ‘SHIM Jo , AIOJOIA , Ai
2 RS 3 -0u0 ‘oF AOJ o[qeIT yuopuodser punoy | pue ‘oseva pazeSyseauE JOOMO | ‘sprsuy ‘qoTIVOG YO oul T | Jo szyou pus yvoq of oSeueq | gg ‘sny ES: ..
= "COS “I'M ee
~~ S ‘raysqkN “Soy, yeoq Aq ‘O9T ee
ae ~ = ‘silourejdulos Aq pozdesoe sea WINS ‘SOE YS OSVUILP poyeUWTyse ‘W'M. “SPOTA JO , Woe, pure . Sm
sg mS YIIyM “SGT oy e[qeiy guepuodser punog | pue ‘asvo poyesSysoaul JO ‘aptsjno ‘PVOYSSON JO So[IU F | JollrVpy , yVOg Jo sjou oJ osSeuIeG | [ ‘Sny Se
i S ‘ISAOUCFT 4 ee
— 3 "4L [4908 0} poTley OYA [NSUOD ; Jo ,weyjaiesieyy, rTewooyos “Sia
es 9 UvULIEx) 043 JO spuvy oy} ojut ynd oseg ‘SCT ‘7 38 aSvUep possosse 5 Aq ‘et “ ‘AouyiQ ‘ea,0L7 “=353 Ze
me > pue ‘asvd poyesyseaul 100NJO ‘OpIsuy ‘keg yor | Jo ,AoueN, 9voq of osvureqg 53
ee SS ‘soureyd © Se ‘NOAA JO , O1ZzI'T , IaU00qIG ES ae
ee rn -ulod Aq poaydoooe sea YoryM ‘uTelO "LF ye oSeurep: passosse ; f &q ‘ecg “K'g ‘femour03g
“te 23 jO [uy Ul ‘scT poroyo yuopuodsey | pue ‘asvo peqzesysoaul JooyoQ | ‘eprIsuy ‘Aeg OIM |. JO ,Weoqung, 4voq 0} sseueq
oe a . | 60% "V ‘Waeproqy JO , JOHTeAL
ne, 2 0} QUIOD JUSUI9T}498 : Oloseyy, TepMeIZ ulveoys Aq
¥ SS ou 4uq ‘LOJLOI[OS & Jo spuey oY} oFUL ‘OLF 3% eSvurep possasse xt SZEL “SM OTM JO ,JUSTIO,
x: ae S qgnd osvo ‘AqITIqQeI]T petuep guepuodsey | pue ‘osvo poxeSyseaut IWOWIO ‘apisqng | ‘peoyy 4e[TV9OG YosoTturg | yvoq jo ‘ow ‘soul, 0} osSemMEC
te - ‘ °
Bae Fs
ee
y-- "$1042 AA. :
oe : S* : . [CLLOfLL10F, 9 LOU TWOLy Tae
ee : * "s}nsey ; “uexe} sdoqg _ opisjuo . ‘quretdutog jo anye Ny
ee . Io apIisuy souvysig pue ‘A}ITCOOry = ae
iE : JOyPOU AM, _
Fe i 4 . .
‘penwquo—T TIAVE—"A XIGNAddV
*RO1LV jo. gsonbuog
IoTMBIZ UIeE4S hq ‘TST pure
476 UO peysy oq OF “snsny
a puz Uo papteggwun 4joy ‘WeAITE) . a
elt Seen “"ULOTJ aeerod aseg ‘soseurep Aed 09 ‘OLF 22 pozeurryse jo ,ourr, yvoq Jo sjou yoqany, as Bt
Ss apioe panies pue ‘AqrTIqel] poruep yuepuodsey | oSeurep ‘osvo pozesiqysoaut L901YO *apIsyuO ‘UVAIIX) {FO SoTtuL Fe | Jo SUTe.L} OM} 07 OSeUTep peSeTTyV | Z% ‘suV i
E ~ 7.
a : “IOIGLISIC. GVALNVTTV “Fe
Ris os = en
S x | : ; A:
ee RS “BLOF ED ‘ i
ee. “UVIIW 1S) JO, SIO48IS), yeog \ zi
a =a 3S ‘uasord ou *MOIYVIZIGI’ 09 Ad18V.09 posnjod pue og wean ‘Te "O'y ‘Avsoujoy jo, u * ¥
oe = punoj amy Tuays alojeq prvoy asep | pue “Aoyjeso3 jysno1q soled ‘apIsuy | -eq ‘eloys JO solu ¢ | 4ROq jo syou 04- ‘oseumup pa. IV FL Sune 3
tc NY g *. oe
3 x TORLISIG XVSHHLOY
ae =
Pale S -
“3 rs ~~ ¥
eg = ‘weap
3 re Ro 3 ony Worl Surysy ‘oopung n
Sat a | OTpPMOUR, JopMvIy ureegs
oe ye ‘yuowluostad [ea ‘ssoUl xe Teas jo oY Voy,
eS 8 “mt shep og 10 OTF peuy quapuodsey | ALY 42 YMoyg osojoq pew, ‘apIsuy | -100(q Jo saylarg UIygI AA | ¥eoq Josoul, Surysy 07 oSvuug | [TT 420
S: 3 0ST “MI ‘edoy s FOLEBIL]T
‘ — : 4S Jo ,uoxeg, geoq fq “EIT
. S ‘leoqyo Aq papuouruto0de1 ‘OF 7 OSvUIep possosse | | “SH ‘ssoUL1090(q jo . pperuy.,
ze & se ‘1outeduiod 03 oF pred syuopuodsay | pue ‘as¥o pojestyseaUl 00LZO ‘OpIsjng ‘AeSU0TYG YO sopturg | yvoq jo szyou 03 ‘osvuIvg | QZ ‘Ssny
oa N
~ "SIO MA
ee [eHOFtOL "a0 S Woy . . “aoa Jo |
es ‘S}IDSOY traayeg sdaqg Hyco aounyst pus AppeooT | qurepdono9 JO-OUNA eH aqeq
eee Te 1OTOUM.
‘
oy ad ‘ponuyquoo—"T ATIVL—"A XIGNGddV
3 . :
> - ca
4 - = ; <2
vA
= - ) oe
ae ae - "Zg “V yeoq Aq ‘91 “¥ ROG ce
‘ueaoid you punog ‘OSVO PoJVSTYSOAUL OPULUIUIOA OpIsgnO | ‘“Weeprleqy Yo seylur QT | JO syou Jo woonsysep pesetty | or 3des rae"
Z ‘106 "S°N"I #¥0q Fo moavy ulpaploo” || *esBo\payVsyseaul.capuRUIUIO_ ‘apIsuy TUBSpIOG VY SULIOFUY | “106 SN 1? 6°V “UOISTCD | & =e { ws
"B98G ‘S'°N ‘I ¥eoqg Url Wi0Eq Ye: ‘8961 ; x3
Mou’ qnd quepuodser yey} ostMIay30 }opg geog fq ‘g99% “NTT | ~~
: Jo seseulep ‘soz popareme soute;duiog ‘OSVO POJLSIJSOAUL JOPURUTUIOD ‘opIsuy erreg ‘Aeqopyseg | 7'%0q JO WOOq-UeZIUI 04 oseuRg Iz Koy " es
a ) . ss ‘coF ‘A'a ye0q Aq ‘GTZ “6881 oN
ae ‘SOSVULLP ‘SCZ PopAIVM JOUTeTMULODH ‘OSVO PoJVSISOAUI LOPULUIUIOD ‘OpIsuy “erreg “Keqoyysep | ‘S'N‘I yv0q JO wWoys 03 oseuIeg ° : 0
#5, S <IVHOVE, “SNH ; 4
x 3S "48v00 Jo 41ed 9RY4 9JOT , FULTISTA , VOM “IOULVI]S JO Jaqsevul ¢ enqey, ‘ +
- S$ PSTFISSUN. SEL) “APTGET Petuep ToyseyL | YFIM poyVorUNUIUI0D LepUBUIULOL) “Sprsul ‘pee wey FO | ‘S'S @ 618 “AA “BOItHOD <:
: 5) "UMOUY JON Udy} VUEpPIAD 8 TOUTL[duIOH ‘OpIsuy ‘AUMOUIONS JO | "$29 (A'S “@ $46 “MM ‘TOISTTIOD oe
z : ‘ ‘ToureTdulos 03 pred uonesuedurog ‘ISVO PoJeSYSOAUI IOPULUIULODH ‘OpIsuy ‘peoyH ofqkeq UO | ‘GPS ‘Aa ‘@ 16% ‘A'S ‘WONTON A late
*; = "Uaye} seq aavy 07 posod tat
> bas -dus sjou oroya ‘Aemoui0yg . az *8} 80g, ae
iS ~ "JOU JO 991} ON | 4B OSVO POPSTISOAUT OPUBULUOD © OpIsynE ‘prox, uredumnty YO | [eteAces UOT Ws]0O4s syou Sule Fy me
= -8 = 86 ‘C'V_"2 ~
bes s ‘pepunojun yure;duog "98D POJVSTISOAUI LOPURUUIOD ‘OpIsuy ‘aeIFULT[eT PO | FZ “W'S ‘s}ou Jo Suyqno poselty = :
4 lt ae Fi te
: > UASIUAO JVI, a
Be "eOTTV 2a
oa oe . | Jo .qsonbuog, sepavry ures » 5
o>. . £q ‘q9g7 pwe 43g Uo poysy eq i
ol = “4 Renan yp ay, Uo _pepuey aon
es be ; : | WL “0ol “MV “aarp Jo
ae ‘ Ss "UlO1 poytedep oseg ‘soseuep Led 03 "OOF 72 pozeurrysa “quiog Arrequany, _ POIVSILTL , Fog Jo syou “youmy
‘Z ; pesnjer puv Ag iqei] .pormap sesh a aah ‘aseo PME 10950, ‘OpIs{NO | PUR WRATH Uoamgog | Jo sured omg 07 oozuIep poselpy |
Bs i 7 | sstegem \ .
Bit - are TeLLOR panes ip “OTOL WOIT ee ie ie
a 5 : ase | "wowey sdogg GO ERRO | eouvasicy pu “Agr (v007 quae Een {
1oyOTM
age a Os — : ponunguo—'T FIAVI—A XIGNYddV | . =
Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
80
‘sasuadxo
‘Ss) JF popreme guepjeddy puv
‘predaz ouy ‘poysenb uoryorauoo
‘qoleyy 39 uo yIn0D [roddy
ATCOIYSNF 94} 07 Polen “guaut
-uostidut sfep 99 10 ‘ol# pouty
‘JUOUL
-uostidut sfep 99 10 ‘O[F pouty
‘qu
-uostidut sep gg 10 ‘OTF peut
‘uoaoid you puno gy
‘uaaord you puno,y
*[RILT, JO 9NSOY
oyq 10 ‘prvog Asoysty ay} Jo suvy-ofg oy} Jo JuowoSuryUy poFo[[y Ioy ‘gggT IWoX Ol} UL STASSHA TMVUL WVAA sulese SNOILAOTSOUd JO NUALAY
Ape ons
‘yueyg s1ojoq ‘aedng 4
“ATL UTUINS
‘PUoYyS erojeq ‘redng 4¥
‘ATLrewurns
‘Ylueyg eszojoqg ‘rednyp +V
“ATIIVULUINS “YLIOYS
etojoq ‘YSinquipy 4V
-Apureurumns
‘Yuoyg eojeq ‘Sung +V
‘(PIL JO epoxy pure Cd Fak
‘AU SMOIPUY 49 Ul ‘e ‘ON
mery-ahey JO MOTUIAVIZUOD UL ‘SUITMeITY WRI
‘eg smorpuy 49 ur ‘g ‘oN
AvT-ofq JO UOTZUSARIZUOD Ul ‘SUTpAvIz UIvEg
‘AUG SMOIPUY 49 Ul ‘eg ‘ON
MCT -oAG JO UOTZUeARTUOD Ul ‘SuITMeIy Wve
*‘SSOUOJIY 0} Bou0Ty pur ‘AvP Jo ops]
8} UO BsNoyZYSr]T Sud 0% s]4sVH uoTTeIUeT,
UlOIJ UMBIP OUI] 4UsIvIys V JO 4ysam YY
04 sprvd OOST 4910, Jo Y4ITT OY} Ut ‘Eg ‘ON
AMVT-aAG JO UOIUSALIZUOS UI ‘SuUIpMVIy WRIT
. ‘oaTYs
-SOIMIog uIog Jopueig Jo ‘e10ys wlorT
offul & qnoqge “EggT ‘yoy (puryjzoog) AroYysty
SULIIOFy JO UWOTFUIAVIZUOD UL “SUITAVI? UO
*poqylUrUto0d
OLY M PUB ‘OUeHO pesaT[y Jo anyeyy
Il GTA Vim ‘A XIGNGddV
“YMO'T JO , S8OIZGTY , TopMery
ULVdqS JO TOqSVUL “SIMA ULIT[T AA
_ TOYSYSULY , Io[MeI4 uresys
UBULIEYSy pray “eplopy Yyouoporq
‘SPPlYy yyndg ,‘sourtg yourg ,
ToTMVIZ ULBI4S JO 97VUL ‘TOBAg sopTeYyO
. “LT
‘N ‘4 ‘WopUVIO Jo , VIB}, Tapes,
wivezs jo doqysvul “SLoqUIONY jJRIO
‘UOJULID) JO 9 “ON TOTAVIY
Wes43s Jo JojsvUL ‘UOSUIOy, uUYor
‘oR ‘pashooy jo owen
EI ‘dag
0% “deg
(gg Avy
LG “Usp
LL “ydeg
“6881
"209 O
pesolTy
JO 098
——— eS Ee eS eS eS SS Se eee ee
‘astQ TOV UT J[Nsoy
oY} SULMOYS PUL ‘pURTJOIg Jo sjsvo, oY} PUNOL s10ze AA UTe]AI0 UIT SUIMVIT, Weag Surjiqryolg “Egst “2V (puvpjoog) A1oysig SutsoFy oy Jo suorstaosg
‘qUOULI
. “uostidul sep [zZ 10 “Qr# poulg
‘ueaoid you punoy
- "quout
SS -uostidut skep gg 10 ‘QTF pour
‘usaoid you puno,y
‘usaoid you puno,yT
"yuouUl
-uostaduit skep gg 10 “QLy# pour
* queuL
-uostiduit sXep gg 10 ‘oT# pouty
‘queur
‘ueaoid you puno,y
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
‘usaoid you puno,y
‘TRILL JO 4Insoxy
“CF-Poahy,
‘ATLeurUNs
‘PMOYG esojeq “usTy +V
“ATITeuduuns “yIIeyS
e1ojoq ‘usepleqy 4V
“ATLveuuns ‘yLIeyg
elojeq ‘usepleqy 4
‘ATirewuums “yrayg
elojeq ‘Useploqy 4V
“ATITeUUNs ‘TIO yS
erojeq ‘useploqy 4V
“ATLIeUUIMS ‘YyTIOYS
elojoq ‘Ueepleqy 4V
‘ATITVULUMS ‘IIOYS
e1ojeq Useploqy 4V
‘AjITeuIUINS ‘yIIEyg
e1ojeq ‘usepleqy 4V
“ATLIeUrUINS
‘BMoyQ erojeq ‘rej1oq ¥V
“ATLIVULUINS
‘PYG etojoq ‘rejx0g FV
‘ATLeurumns
‘POY eLojoq ‘reylog 4V
‘[8I4T, JO spoy, pue sorypg
‘ULOYPULYT Yo ‘e1oys wlo1yz
SOTIUL ¢ UIYFIM “EQeT QoV (pueyzoog) Araysty
SULILEF, JO WOUeAIZUOD UT ‘OUTTLM RI weeg
‘oTTysusepsreqy ‘ysinqMoN
Yo ‘oloys Wlory optut & qnoqe SultMesy wero
‘aITYSOUIPIVOUTY ‘1vjZouuNCT
Yo ‘otoys Wor optur $7 ynoge Surpwery ureog
‘oITYSusapIEqy ‘stapyloq
Yo ‘eLoys Woy SopIul Z ynoqe Surpmery wivog
‘oITysueepregy ‘orapeyleq
Yo ‘oloys Woz apr F_ ynoqe Surlpmesy uve
‘oITysusepleqy ‘YJnourmog
Yo ‘oroys Worz optur 27 qnoqe Surpaesy ueveg
‘aITYSUsspIEgy ‘olATeyTeq
YO ‘aLoYs UlOIJ SoTL Z Jnoge Surpaesy urvogq
- “eITysteep
-Iaqy ‘sureTg Yo ‘oroys wtorz opt Sz ynoqe
‘smvry-ohgq Jo U0lQUAAeIZUOO UT ‘SUITMeIy UTVEg
"OITYSIej1og ‘ssou
-Apainog wor “Y soptur Sz ynoqe Surpaesy ULeog
*“SITYSIVJIO 7 ‘ASeyILA -
UBS/) WOIF “HW “YG O[IU [ ynoge SulpMery ureog
‘OITYSIVj10O,, ‘ssoukpinog WloIs “A “SG
ortur F_ ynoqe “Egg Gov (pur[yoog) Aroyst
SulIeH Jo UolyUeAeTZUOD UT ‘SUTTMeIy Weg
*poqyTuru0o
e19yM pur “sousyYO pesafTy fo o1nzeyy
‘ON ‘Usoprleqy jo , oyTuog , erkee
wives JO cogseul ‘uIe_, JOpuexXETY
“619 “V ‘deep
-Iaqy jO ,prensy 4svon, JOpPMeIy
UIve4ys OY} JO Joyseul “Ao[ppIgq eyWT
‘TOE “WV “Usep
-Iaqy jo ,uoxeg [ekoy, rJopMes4
Ulveys JO JoysvuL ‘UOsplAeq 4.138qoxy
"8 ‘N ‘S “wostaydegg ,
oy} jo Joqseur ‘yorTq “MA SepTeyO
-‘sapung
jo ,dormpmoug, JojMeI, uree4s
oy} JO Joyseut ‘ouoyseTparyy 9OeIOFL
"19g “VW “Usep
-Ieqgy jo ,uoxeg [ehoy, JopTMeIg
wiesys jo Joyseu “tolieg “4) uyoLr
~ (‘prensy) ysvog , TepTAer4
weegs jo toyseul “Ae[pplq eynyT
PIVEN) FSVOH , JOTARIY
wveys jo doysem “Io[pply sayy]
‘IdTMeIZ ULR4S ToepIIgy -
Jo gsojseul ‘T[eYIopMog Yooper,
é *I9[MBIZ ULBEgS TOsp.eqy
jo dogseur {[eyIepMog yowoporg
‘69 “A "0 weultoN pehoy ,
JOTMCI} WIVO4S Jo 194seU ‘avy AITO]
‘oR ‘pesnooy jo ouleyy
_ g Len
ZL ‘ydog
6G ‘SnY
oo AINE
gt Ame
ct Ayne
ZL Ame
g Ane
1Z “ydeg
9z “3deg ,
9% “3dag
“6881
‘20u9 TO
peselTy
jo ayeq
ey
¥
OE Seen
* _
an
a
~
.
aA! 4
aon ty)
0681 AVI 987 “YSmquipy ee
— pueyjoog Joy prvog ATaysty = we
f
Te erased,
rm
yt
~
,
hy
*
:
4
‘hunpiwoy WYHVUD GTIvVNnod ; :
ig, Si
tie Tih nL
‘rae eh.
; ‘ea
5 ae ~~
= 5
a
ae >
ee = RS
sie ~
IS 3
23% os
eg =
ina +S
= _
— 3
% ~~
a D
A D
: S
erie “>
: Ss
Pas - =
; DD
eS
XN
ee
a
82
‘qanog oyur pred ‘GF pouly
*guoUl
-uostidun sXkep [z Jo ‘ex pouly
‘usaord you punoy
*7U9UL
-uostidut sdep FI 10 ‘cP pouly
*queul
-uostidu skep FI 10 ZF pou
hecho
-uosuidut sfep FI Jo ‘ZF pou
*yueUL
-uostidurt skep [zZ 10 ‘OTF pou
“quUoUL
-uostidut skep [Zz 10 ‘OTF pouly
. "TELL, JO FENSOY
‘ATITeuUINS
‘Bueyg erojoq “kV 4V
“ATLIVULUINS “IIeys
erojoq) TRAIT AV
“ATIIeUIUINS “YIIEys
eroyoq TRAV
‘ATLIVULUIMS. “LIEyG
e1ojeq TRAIT VN
“ATITeULUINS ‘LIES
erojeq “TCM TV
“ATIVeUIUINs “IIeyg
erojoq TRAIT FV
*ATITVUIUINS
‘Poyg etojeq ‘UIST FV
‘ATIWeUIUINS
‘gueYyg stojoq “WISE FV
‘TILT, JO spoy puv sort gq
‘UeAITH Yo ‘Avg YYION Ul SuTTMesy UeOg
‘kergso\ edeg pue Aepueg jo spure[syT
oy} UseMgoq ‘punog YWON Ul SUlTMeI, UVAg
‘£ouyIOQ ‘punog 19eq
Ul ‘e1OYS UOTJ SOTIU E UIYZIM SUITMeIY UvIG
‘LouyIQ ‘punog 100q
UI ‘B1OYS WOL} SOTIUL & UIQGIM SUTTMeIy Wve
‘£ouyIQ ‘punog 190q
Ul ‘QL1OYS WOT SO[TUL ¢ UIYGIA SUITMeIy WVEg
‘ouyIgQ ‘punog 1090q
Ul ‘aLOYS WOT SOTIUL E ULYZIM SUITMeIY WeOg
‘UIOYPULT TOATY 9G} JO YJNOUL Jo 4ysam OT}
0} ‘eL0YS WOI SOTIUL E UIYZIM SUTTMVIY UVEg
‘UIOYPULT TOATY OY} JO TANOUL Jo 4ysoM O74
09 ‘eLOYS ULOAZ SOTIUL G UTYIIM SUTTMeIy UTVOg
“poqgturuto0o
a10yM puv “sousyO peseT[Ty Jo emngeN
*BOITV JO ,gsonbuog ,
IOTMVIZ. UVES JO ToySVUL ‘SSOP, UYOL
‘usepreqy Jo ‘Z6g “UIGUOT 48 ,
JOTMBIY WR94S JO Ioysett ‘ssoy SsouEL
"p8e “ON “ueop
-10q Vy jo , ween?) YSI9}00g , Top MBIy
UIBIYS OT} JO TO4SVUL “WVULIE AA STTTC A
"MOPUVTX) JO , JOUUBY) ,
I9TMVIY UVA}S JO JoysevUL ‘puog uyor
‘gepunq jo ,doipmeq , TepMery
uvojs Jo doysvur ‘puog sevuloty,
‘sopung jo , dorpmoug , Le, Mery
UIVE4}S JO IoISVUL ‘OUO4SoTpaly) VOVIOFT
"666 “ON
TeeprIIgy JO , TRIG YZION , Lop Mery
wiee3s jo doyseul ‘UIMpl[egd y10qTV
"9g ON
‘Sp[OTYS YON JO LOLI , LOpMVT}
ureeys JO Toyseur ‘19930q ULVITII AL
‘oR ‘pesnooy jo owen
Ce ce ee eS SS SS ee eS
‘ponuyvoo—— "TT ATAVL— a XTANdddV
1 ‘8ny
g% ‘09d
LT ‘09
6L ‘Sny
6I ‘Sny
6, ‘Sny
g oun
PL Av
"6881
‘20U9 TO
pesotlTy
jo o3%q
elie
<A a + aE es +
a = 9 0 689¢F IQAO POTIIVD : 6 61 esl osF - I9AO PSTLIV/)
es
eS: 9 9 LoL = =
—— 9 9L lz . : . se8em S.tozoodsuy :
ae 00 02 ° . . : * ‘syOM -
Sas —2Z1A : ; : .
“a ‘oaep sty] popue avok oy} Sutmmp ‘ueysut = 00. * qoovuqIog 3% Iolq{ Mou & JO WOT4I9IE SPIVMOY '
+ Pe: ato a ona MA. eee oy} 1oy syuomiieg “ “* © ‘puvpleyjng Jo synq oy} svVily SIF WOJF BOTYNGIIWUO/) “ -g qady
a ie = - ° , ¢ ¢ Ls
ae “= -aunysyounsag ‘snoqunyy wnyburppop | IdLYSPUDILAYING “1]0QUA YOOT ‘arg Uornuzwod | ‘
aS Ss Pace 9 JT el “909 ‘soSeM §1oqoodsuy .
we Ss 0-0 ~00LF. = : STON OL ZIT 102 ; ‘68ST Wore ISTE popue avok ‘ronbeyox| me et
Fa ” j ~ leary qv qunoooy ysodeq sken% Jo sielg wo ysortoyuy, Yue Tg “°WN TAS.
es Pa oyep siq} pepue avof oy} sulInp ploy 3 aon : :
es < ~ -peoig ye syIOM, Moqiey oy} toy syuoukeg “‘ “TE “00d LSGuaINI MNVAE | . ie
aa 0: 0= 066... ‘sozoysortoj quoov(pe pu ‘A109 pus : ee
& a, pioyproig jo smoqiey{ oY} Ul sjseleqyUt :
= s z pus s}ySII s.preuog,W ploy 10} yuourkeg “ “BZ ‘UBF | GQ G4 YQgg¢ ———-——— ; «
be > ‘ohys fo puns] ‘moginy psofpvorg o Eee 0 0 ODT ‘uomsuezxg orydersojay, “ a2
a E 00 0SIx ¢* ee 10 sie = i fee |
eS re eee : . —? (J9g 1. ‘seat ag
3 Hielees ox ‘ i ; ‘soSem $.t0joodsuy — Suideyy xa) UotsuezxY o1ydeiseyey, pue : : ee
ss 9 9 PSL : Fae F I = ist : asic) dveqmamanag "Go Ra ees
os 00 Seip. OR 0 0 oo0gy * 8gT WOmNE Aste Bapuo 300s “(FQ “deo eee 2
Z aS ee os _ —=t “ZTA . “+ ay ‘009 @) sken® z0 slat Joy sjuvry Areywoureyped OL “08 “TOW a
"ies - . : e}ep SITY} popus aveX 044 SulIMp etypoouy - . ; Adete. cee
= ee -J10g 4% SYIOM aMOgIeY oy} AOy syueukeg Aq ‘Te ‘eq SENVUO ATVINGNVITHVd eo 68ST esa tS
ela. oe ‘alys ung ‘MMNoQsozT 91490UAI/0 qT : See sea Ss ay
=: “eset =| IL 1 Pe0ocr * eRe ae : "ae gS ERIE Gal ES oe eet
fa ‘SUNOPUVH GNV SUGId ie AL ee ore
“WD
‘eggI awok ou} UL puLpjoog ut sprysI ATOYsIE SowoYy o} NOISNALXG OIHAVUOTTML JO; pur ‘SUHOTUVH PUY SUmId Suede
pie Sarpymg oJ ‘puepjoog soy prvog Avoysty oy) Aq AUALIGNGdXG DUE LdIMOAY JO LNQOOOV—"NOISNALXY OLHdVYOATAL UNV SHUOM YNOMUVH
E e “* a as bt ad nn eee
~ : ~ . {
‘I XIGNAddV Se eae eee as ee
& f E =
Se ae eee 3 S
ex _
eae | S
30) es
en 3
Pie? 2
= * * =
7 =
oe : =
# S
c ~
% a)
7 8)
: S
> ‘>
a Ss
: S
eS S,
3 s
>
def i
ae
ee
:
~H
io 2)
3 “2
Ss
a
Es
hana
aa ae xy ee
9 0
OL 6T Or
Z IL 602
6 F OR
9 0 6803
0 0 ool —
6 OL I
LL UL OFT
* LT LFOL
9 0 698¢3
680LF 6 GL LFEF TAO powuey
: * foqiyIpOY 78 peysttqeyse ovyyo
ydersojey oy} Wor “EggT ysnsny YI,
pepus iveh ayy SULIMp popleMJOF sosvssour
puLvlUl WOI sydieder UL JLOYop 9Y} You 04
[B1oUdy) Ia4svUlysog "WH 0} pied ssyuvreny “ “g] “Sny
‘aunys-ssoy “angyyyyov
: : * ‘odoy sjorvsivyy 49 pue
‘kerma “(wyoH) s Are 4g ye peystyqeyse
sooo ydviselo} 94} WO “EQQT IsNSny psig
popue avo 94} Sulinp pepreMioj sosvssout
purUr wos sjdreoed Ul YOYop 9yy Joour 04
[velour JoJsvulysog ‘JH O} pred soquvaenyy Ag ‘Fl ‘sny
“hauylo
‘ado sjasnbunyy 1 pun ‘hnswng ‘(wpoxz) shuvyy I
‘ : * Smqyooy ye peystyqeyso
soo ydevasoloz 94} WO “EQgT ABN IST
pepue 1v0f 04} SULIDP PoplVAMAOJ SoSessour
puryUl WoIy s}drooer UI YOYop oy} 4yoour OF
[eleusy Iaysewysog “JH 0} pred oajuvseny Aq ‘FT AvT
‘ny fo pwnpsy ‘anqyo0T
‘NOISNULXG OINdVUDATAL
‘snoouvy][ooSTIAL
. * ‘KeTqno puv sosavyo s,.1e0ulsaq
. . . ‘S410 MA
—!'Z1A ‘ayep sty} popuo rved oy} Sutinp
WOOUJIOT J SYLOA\ JOLg oy} 10f syuomAvg Ag ‘TE ‘*o9q
"QLVYSPUDIMOYING Q)OQULIT YIOT ‘Lav WOODUpLOT
“6881
: TAO PSNI ‘SYNOPTUVH ANV SUATd
‘ponuijuoo— "iT XTANUdd V
€ 61 1L2‘0e¥
9 6L SSF
6 6L S8t‘0S
IT AT 69
¢ @ OF
JOAO polLteg
.
‘odoyy 8,jorvSizyq 4S pure ‘Avting
‘s AICI IS 4 poysi[qejso sooyo ydviseyoy
24} WO “EQgl Jsusny pig pepue avec
24} SULINp poprIVAKIO] sesessoul puRTUL
Ulory sjdieseu UL YLOyep 943 jo uorzsodoad
sly yoot 04 ‘adopy s.joivsivyy 39 “Loysuvpg
‘TOJYSueT ‘Pf IX WOT] paaloool voyUvIeny OF, ‘ZZ “sny
“hauyxlO
‘doy sgambsoyy 1 pun ‘hinsiwng ‘(wjoH) s fwvyy as
a1ng
-Yoory 4v poystqeyse soyjo ydviseyez oy
WOT} ‘ER8T AVI IST popus read oy} sutinp
PopIVAIOF SOSVssowU PULTUL WOdJ S}diadad UL
qoyep oy} Jo uoyszodoid sty yseur 07 ong
-OO'T JO oUIvpOV WO, poAtoood oajuBIeNy) OF, "OZ AV
ny fo punpsy “onqyo07
“6881
‘NOISNULXA OIHdVUYATAL
1OAO FYSNOIG
9 0 680LF 9 LI IZITF JeAO poten
aie)
oe cO
es Go BE” : : * ‘Kareqey[O pur
tax ‘2077 WON ‘ovlg ye poeyYsi[qeyjsa seoyyo
ydessofo} oq} Woy “EggT ysnsny 41%
: popue 1v9f 9Y} SULINP pepsVM.10j sosessotm
ne purlul WoT sydteoer UI Yloyap oy} Joow 04
[eteuexy) Ioysemysog ‘J'H O} pred ooquursny “ “ &
“puUnyayy ShtL2QnjIQ pun ‘oy YILONT ‘ADIT
| ee es oe . : ‘* * [prorat
pue ezuerIyooTyT ye peysi[qeyse seoyjo
ydviseye} ey} Wory “EggT ysUSnY YIgZ
pepue zea 9y} SuLInp popIeM1O} sosessoul
puUr[Ul Wo sydieoer UI YOYep 9Y} eur 0
[eleuey Joyseulysog "JH O} pred sequvieny “ “ “
"UDIdy fo puns, QPUUMAT PUD DEUDLYIOT
te
hery Board for Scotland.
Ws
> OL Oc ° : ‘gsoumn 7B Peyst[qeyse soyyo
_ —-Yderseyoq oy wo1y “EggT JsNSnY 419Z
pepue svak oy} SuLIMp poprIeMIOFJ SOSvssoUL —
pull WoT sydrooer UL YOYOp 9} YooUr 04
[e1ouledy Joyseulysog "WH 0} pred soquvieny “ ‘eT ‘ydeg
"BMAYSPUDILAYING ‘ssausng
of the F
Lh BSF. ‘OOILT, PUR TOD 4 Poyst[qeyse seouyo
ydeisejoy oy} Wor, “EQQT JsnSnY YI9Z
pepus rv0X oy} SULINp popIeMIO}J Sosessour
PULTUI WOT] sydteser Ul JLOYEp 94} Yoour 04
[er19euexy) Joyseuysog "J'H 0} predooquvieny Ag “zl ‘ydog
‘alaysyhbsy awry, pwo 709 an
0 680LF 6 SI LFF 40A0 WYSnoIg “6881
- . ~~ ao oil 3 ~
| ao 7 2 + = a Se A te d 2 < . iw
0 6 F6E‘0E TAO paytey | Ges =
G6 6Glss Seen : , : i ee
$Y 6-707 : * ‘Keqoysey ye poystqeysa ;
: dogo Ydvisepo} oy} WoT] ‘EQgT 1equIeydeg es
70g pepue avok oY} SuLinp pepremsof . Fe,
SOSSSOM PUB[UL WOIJ sydieoat Ut 4Oyep . Y ‘ag
2 24} Jo uoryszodoid Jey yoour 04 4IvOyyZVOD ae | ee ee
uopioxy) ApvT Wo peatsoor saqyuvrenyy “6 “EZ 490 wig =. 28
‘naan ‘hogaysny 7 . ges
eT Sgee ; {rug pur | ae
8 61 ILZ‘0Se.
BZUBIYIOT 7B. poyst[qgvysea seoyjo ydearsepoy .
oY} WOlj ‘EQQT IsNSNY YIgz pepue rv9k oy4 "Se
SULIMP PopIVMAOJ sosessow puLTUL wWoIT a
sjdiede1 Ul yoyep oy} Jo uorysodoad s1ey4 son =
yooUl OF ‘sIeyjO pue UOJ, jo oyng ae eee ; $
OY} BVI SIH WoOdJ poafeool soquvieny oF, *9Z 3degG
=~ SO88b-— ge
“uniby fo pwns] “Wwuimied pun veupsyooy
yao qySnoig >
ad en ‘S
wae
oF tars
mH
>
-
“a
9 0 G80LF OT TE 6@IBF s0A0 paraxey : Shae | ee ss
= eo: 7 : ET ep a = eae v : . ae
LSP CEL coe Fat Sa Re na ie gS eee
pue uvmseuylog ye paystjqeyse seoyjo Vs eG
- -Ydvrsofoq oy} Woy “Egg Jeqo}0Q pug ) ies 2
ee! pepue re0h on BuLTap P2ePIVMLOJ sosessour — aos Soe 2 vi ae
puUvL[Ul WoIF sydieoer UL Jroyep sy} Yoour 04 . z = oe
. [e1ouex) Loseuysog “J 'H 0} pred soquvaeny “ SS & & UrF'0E todo. qusnorg :
: = ‘sINeT ‘ssa49 pun uninbnvyiL0g § PL LF eet Soe hea = zs
a & F126 —*SJOMSTITH 48 poyst[geyse uonyeys yduasopoq ines
Sa ey} Wooly ‘EQQT Jsnsny epue wok a Gf RE ae
; 88T V 48< pep ;
ae 0 0 Sto ° * ‘Keqoayseg ye paysitq'ejse voygo oY} SULMpP peplVMiO} sosessoul purlur f %
a ydersepoy 0113 Wo “E88T Joquiaydeg 430g Wolf sjdieoet Ul ylouep oy} Jo uorys0d 2S
S pepue rvek oy} Sutmp paprvatoy sosessour -oid STY Joour 04 ‘YOLAsTITE ‘tommoysy ‘mos =
S puUL[UL Wo sydreser UL Jloyep eyy Joour 04 “Lopuy UYOL IP Worf poafoood oayuvienty “ ‘QT “AON Sree
= [e1ouey) 1ojseurysog “J{"H 0} pred sajuvaeny “ “FT “JOO 1
age ~usoge hoqasny punjjeys’ DROS f
i ‘ A ors
> OL GI SFT YOIMvoy PUL STTVM FB POYsi[qvyse saoiyo ‘ . ‘399 B PsUSsITavIsS =
cS ydeiseey ay} woz “ggg, requieydeg 116 0 0 06F aoyjo yderSeqoq ony eee pee As eet age
2 pepue avod oy} Sutmnp popremioj sasessour pug pepue ive oy} Sump popreatos ft
~ pUL[U Worz s}drooer UL yloyap ey} Joour 04 ii SOS¥SSoUl PUV[UL WOIZ sydteoer UL yloyep
% [V1ouay Jojsvulysog ‘JH 0} pred sozuereny "eZ “4dog ay} Jo woryodord way yoour 0} spsory . :
. = ‘punneys Younvay pun sywA, JO 9az}TUIMIOD Wolf PeAToooI soqUBIeNYy) OF, “[ “AON .
S 8 & SSF ° + SormsTTEET e peystTqeyse soyyo Spite Shh 6 oar a.
- ydexsoqey oy} UWlo1y ‘gggT ysusnYy YIgZ
NX pepue ivaf 944 SulInp popreAJoy sesessour ;
purl[Ul uno s}dieoe1 Ul Jloyep eYy4 yoour 04 :
% [Vlouey Loysvulysog “JH 0} pred soquereny Ag “eT ‘deg ;
a punpoys ‘younsyny ‘6881
<A . sn
* ae : 9 0 680LF 9 LI IGILTF tao yySnoig 0 6 F68‘OSE T9A0 JSNOIG ae gi
ee ‘ponuyuoo— i XIUNWddV | ees
ato : f ce z 24
ae ; so sBFa
es : rene io ee
. : e +o Nn Se Ieee
oes 3 : 4 , ye Rie S See ea
. SK: ~s 7 < =... «= oe ps ~ . >
}
‘humo WVHVED GTVONG
€ & Zr ORF =
6 BI L18°0Z , tt yep siyy ye eouvpeg Ag “Tg “aq
i
eS,
7)
9 F F296
OF: RSG = So |
: SG Ey “BET oe . ‘Srest1y qe pansriawibe aoryo
. _ yder8ezo} oy} wos “EQgl soquTEAO) {el
‘pepue tvoX oy} SULIMp popIeMIO] sasessour —
| ~puRlUT Wor sydleoed UI loyep ey} yoour 04
_ Ter0uex) Toqsvursog “WH 0} pred bier te “ "GZ ‘AON
rd for
y!
Boa
a,
“BUNYS-SSOULOOUT ‘bos . S
7 te
G LICH’ eg ‘ ‘s80\T ae poystyqeyse Sygr0.
ydvr3oqeq Oy} WOIF “EBT 10q0}9Q puzy
_ pepe avek oy} Sump paprvaioy sesessour
pue[UT MoIZ sydteoer UI 4loyap oy} yoour og
Tetouep Jeyseunysod “NW WH o Pye soquvreny) ae 8" "400,
~
“sunaT 504
‘the 2
“A
. Xe. ae
- 3 335 oO 68027 Of TL 1 ste eAo SnoIg,
ai
wey Cys ELAN set ae ta ae the ere Blea
et te ae Masher ah Se HA ay “an Fee:
Ps! _ APPENDIX G. ze,
Be LOANS TO FISHERMEN.—STATEMENT showing the Numper of Loans
Be his >: CARRIED OUT in each Crofting Fishery District, the AMOUNT PAID OVER,
SEC ieee and the Toran RepAyMENTs since the Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act,
es, 1886, was passed, to 3lst December 1889, together with the NUMBER and is
pa. i 2 ; Amount of Loans in ARREAR. ig
" - \ a.
a ae Amount advanced as
Bae 9 ears,
ee | Total Loans, ale anita
Re a sy, No. of
Se | Repa ymetrs
pe DISTRICTS. Loans ; to 81st Dec. |
LOR carried) mo gist Dec.| ghot2h to 1889
aN out. ‘| 31st Dec. ’
Cromarty, 303 16 0 17.28 Sher
Helmsdale, . .| 8 | 492 0 0) 1,145 0 O| 12218 8| 5 | 6511 10
Lybster, . «| 6 | 812 0 0} 907 0 0- 9 8 2 2 | 2011 6
at | or a ep Re ; 5,142 11 6] 7,096 1 6| 1,023 310| 27 | 2721411
eee. Opkney fro aia 14/6 heute NOs ha Ses We Ml Aa ben cate Te ee
Aes, Shetland, . .| 19 | 997 0 0] 194018 o| 181 2 8| 9 |18215 a}
ane Stornoway, . .| 73 | 3,088 10 9] 652611 9) 73818 0} 31 | 250 3 5 og
a oh eps Barra, . . .| 16 | 96216 4) 160416 4) 17215 1) 11 | 11419 1) 3
se Ullapool, .. «| 8 ||. °647, 0 0} 767.9! 0} © 85 126) hy a ee
———_— | qj —_F— cre scm i\wy—-
fs
anlar
ae Totals, | 197 [11,811 18 7/ 20,926 6 7| 2,538 16 10) 91 | 93716 8
a ae EI Ls a ee :
j pe, ta OE ;
ae es
—
-
3
DUGALD GRAHAM, Secretary.
=
Lee Fishery Board for Scotland,
Edinburgh, 1st May 1890.
ee
*
s
=
a
-" wy ek .
- ee e
: SS gee
r iS fan G Se ee
_ EDINBURGH : PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY
FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.
a,
) @ fo lowing appear periodically, and can be subscribed for :—
PRADe Or THE Unirep Kinepom wirn British Possmsstons AND ForziaN CountTRIES,
| showing the Quantities and the Declared Value of the Articles. |
Paap Rerorts of the several British Colonies, with information relative to their popula-
tion and general condition.
nape Rurorts by Her Majesty’s Representatives in Foreign Countries, and Reports on
» Commercial and General Interests.
fe Trials, being Reports of the Chief State Trials which have taken place between 1820
id the present time, published under the supervision of a Committee 5s able by the Lord
ah saaalay: It is estimated by the Editor that’ the complete series will probably occupy
fom 8 to 10 volumes, of which two are already published :— :
Roy. Svo. Vol. I.» 1820-1823. 1888. Vol. II. 1823-1831. 1889. Price 10s. each,
mllienger, H.M.S. A Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of, during the years
173- fe, ander the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., E.RS., and Captain
rank Tourle Thomson, R.N, Prepared under the superintendence of the late Sir C.
Wyville Thomson, Knt., F.R.S.; and now of John Murray, Ph.D., V.P.R.S.E.
‘This Report. is now nearly complete, 36 volumes having already been issued.
he most recent issues are as follows :— .
Prysics AND Cuemistry. Vol. 2, Parts 1V., V., VI, and VII. 614 Pp. 3. plates.
64 maps. rice 52s. 6d.
Woonoay. Vol. 32.. Price 25s.:—Comprising Part LXXX., Antipatharia, Price 14s. ;
oe LXXXI., Sia tinneooanyp Report on the Aleyonaria, Price 4s. 6d.; and Part
CXXIT., Keratosa, Price 6s. 6d, 426 pp. 29 plates.
q
bi
TS)
*
IF q@ ExERoish (Magazine Rifle). Manual Exercises, Physical Drill with Arms and
Bayonet Exercise, 1890. 12mo. 64 pp. .21 plates. Wrapper. Price 3d.
MGazine Rirte. Care of Arms and Ammunition. Firing Exercise. Aiming Drill.
imo. 38 pp. Price 2d.
BUDAN Campaign. History of the. By Colonel H. E. Colville, C.B., Grenadier Guards.
In two parts, with case of Maps, 8yvo, Cloth. Price 15s.
fonis? InvANTRY Section. The Drill of. 12mo. 46 pp. Stitched. Price 2d.
ismyepRine. Military Instruction in. Vol. I. Part II. Attack of Fortresses.
Fourth Edition. 123 pp. 27 Plates. Cloth, Price 2s. 6d.
festAN TRoors 1n Asra. Handbook of the. By Major J. Wolfe Murray, R.A., D.A.A.G.
Gyo. 74 pp. 3 plates, . Wrapper. Price Is. 6d.
fab, Statistics for the United Kingdom for the year 1889. Feap. . 120 pp.
ae Maps. Wrapper. Price 1s. 4d.
1 :—
AC gin née atthe present time by various Nations. ee of the. rears August
(88 » | By Authority. 4to. 31 pp. 121 pages of coloured Drawings. Half c
“ie Price 50s.
DON AND N&IGHBOURHOOD., Guide to the Geology of. By William Whitaker, B.A.
fedition. Wrapper. Price 1s.
DON AND Part or THe THames Vattey. ‘ The Geology of. By W. Whitaker, B.A.
er Handbooks for. Issued by the Emigrants’ Information Office, 31 Broadway,
eatminster, S.W. S8vo. Wrapper.
Yo. 1. Canada. 2. New South Wales. 3. Victoria. 4. South Australia. 5. Queens-
Mand. 6. Western Australia. 7, Tasmania. 8) New Zealand. 9. Cape Colony. 10.
Vatal. Price 1d. each.
fo, 11, Professional Handbook dealing with Professions in the Colonies, 12. Emigra-
tion Statutes and General Handbook. Price 3d. each.
No. 12 (viz,, Nos. 1 to 12 in quarter binding). _ Price 2s
of tra ie Journal, of Tariff and Trade Notices and Miscellaneous Commercial Infor-
Published on the 10th of each Month. Price 6d.
byal Botanic Gardens. Bulletins of Miscellaneous Information. Volume for
v0, Boards, Price 2s. 4d,; and Monthly parts, 1890, price 2d.
AL ana
i 1 P
F ee ts a |
y ol. 1. Descriptive Geology. Price 6s, . Vol. II. Appendices, Price 5s.
/ Ww tebe CONTAINING REPORT T0 THE BOARD
| BY THE INSPECTOR OF SALMON FISHERIES,
‘ ea | FN Being for the Year 1889. |
IN THREE PARTS,
i. id L—GENERAL REPORT.
Parr IL—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES.
Pane tL. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS, .
A te ‘both Bonses of Piccttaurne ty pursuance of
| at 49 bd 46 me ue 78.
ppinsunen: | | ee oe
D ee HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY ovtioe, COOL eS ia
ae: a coe a Ne pe sara raed { |
— = ~ 2s Ce eam
b Ae”
oa ke
ae "
ene
ek
. |
ee
iv
.
SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION:
The under-mentioned Firms have been appointed sole Agents for the sale of Gover
Publications, including Parliamentary Reports and Papers, Acts of Parliament, Recon
Publications, &c., &c., and all such works can be purchased from them either diner
through retail booksellers, who, under the provisions of the sale agency contracts, are 6
to ig. remy of 25 per cent. from the selling prices :-— 5 | -
IN ENGLAND :;— s
For all publications excepting Ordnance and Geological Maps,’ the Hydrogra
Works of the Anite. | Patent Office Publications ; in i:
Messrs Evre & Sporriswoopk, East Harding Street, E.C.
For Ordnance and Geological Maps :
Mr FE; Stanrorn, Cockspur Street, 5. W.
For Hydrographical Works of the Admiralty :
Mr J. D. Porrer, 31 Poultry, E.C.
Patent Office Publications are sold at the Patent Office.
A
For all Publications excepting the Hydrographical Works of the Admiralty and Pa
Office Publications : ;
IN SCOTLAND :—Messrs A. & C. Buack, 6 North Bridge, Edinburgh.
IN IRELAND :—Messrs Hopass, Ficats, & Co., 104 Grafton Street, Dublin.
La 4
}. The following is a list of some of the more important Parliamentary and other Publica
recently issued :—
Parliamentary :—
Statutes. Public and General, Session 1889, Roy. 8vo, Cloth.
Second Revised Edition. By authority :— : ’
Vol I. From the twentieth year of the reign of Henry IIL to end«
reign of Anne, A.D, 1235-1713. Roy. 8vo. 908 pp. Boards,
X
i
Vol. Il, From the first year of ther of King George L to end ¢
reign of the last Parliament of Great Britain in the forty-first years
reign of King George III. A.D, 1714-1800. Roy. 8yo. 1022 Ps c
Vol. IIL From the forty-first year of the reign of King George IIL@
to the fifty-fourth year of the reign of King George III. A.D, 18012
Roy. 8vo. 966 pp. Boards. - . Price 7%
Revised Ed'tions, Repeals :—
Tables showing subsequent Repeals, effected by Acts of Session, 52 &
1889. Roy. 8vo. 16 pp. Stitched. Pris
Chronological Table and Index of. Eleventh Edition. To the end of the &
52 & 53 Vict. (1889). Roy. 8vo. 1690 pp. Cloth. ; Tl
[C. 5952.] InsEcrs INJURIOUS To THE Crors OF Farms, THE ORCHARDS, and the GAs
Third Annual Report by C. Whitehead, Esq., F.L.8., ¥.G.S., to Be
Agriculture. 1889, (Illustrated.) 74 pp. Pri
(C, 5994.) Sunpay Crosine or Puszic-Hovses in, WauEs. , Report of Royal Ca
sioners. 42 pp. Pri
[C. 69941.] Drrto. Evidence taken before. 692 pp. Price)
[C. 6034.] Honrsz-BREEDING Commission. Third Report of. 6 pp. |
[C. 60341] Drrto. Evidence taken. 138 pp. J
{C. 6042.] InrERNATIONAL Labour CONFERENCE held at Berlin. Further Correspai
with Reports and Protocols. 196 pp. Price ;
{C. 6059.] Minerat O1n Lamps. Report on. 12 pp. | Pri
[C. 6060.] prin AND WorxsHors. Report of the Chief Inspector, 1
[C. 6066.] Vaccination Commission. Second Report of the Commissioner
Evidence, Appendices, and Index. 322 pp. Pricg
[C. 6067.] Crorrers Cotonization. Report of the Commissioners respect |
Canadian Scheme, with Appendix. (With Map.) 34 pp.
H.C, 302. Hop Inpustry. Report from the Select Committee on. 22 pp.
1 61222—13, 10/7/90. Wt. 17990. N.
;*
7
re
wok war |
Py
bs"
Fa
i
2
; *
fs ;
a
2
ae
ay
$e
£-@
; i
i
is
is
i
4
5
Fr
' }
rll]
raed) COTE
A
em are ata
: a
oe "1 ee
aawena Ad.
y
oe ON een tO, © Seeadamaheatls
ees S
rh 633 cme
i
yaa Bice Bee NE poy
COLT A Tui oe fy: A. ue aa HO co
i. Tah We acd ‘Kt ays B (ih DUE 4 MON ci
be rcp apheeeeaiy rt
Steal Sen. CU agtite Spite, hoctalie ee .
site: mat Pet OED Pei key cdi LIGA HO 1K
(ot natert peters A sah BCOOWELT, errs
hestaicl
We F383) AM? & : 9.00 ¥. MES
y op Oss BS'e. Bs (ove.
& WITH APPENDIX CONTAINING REPORT TO THE BOARD
. BY THE INSPECTOR OF SALMON F ISHERIES.
Being for the Year 1889.
IN THREE PARTS.
Part I—GENERAL REPORT.
Part II,—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES.
Parr IIL—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
PART II._SALMON FISHERIES,
Presented to both Bouses of Parliament iu pursuance of
Act 45 and 46 Dict., cap. 78.
EDINBURGH: .
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,
By NEILL & Co., OLD FisHMaRKET CLosz.
ee And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from °
ss ADAM anp CHARLES BLACK, 6 Norra Brive, Epinpurcu ; or
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, East HaRDING STREET, FLEET Street, E.C ; or
; HODGES, FIGGIS, & Cher 104 GRAFTON Sramen, DvBL iN.
at
ee 1890.
ahs
i 6103 aan Price Is. 2d.
ee. ad a ~
1 Same
Sa as
5 > eae vo ‘ i. Mi “ 2 f Ps 4
Basa. ot CE HN ie PS uprae ge
VS AL eS a: Meh: pA eo ae rah ar we yy A yes Ata ~ Pa ar et
Ar pave st! er My ere tes. iis ies iad aT a gage, Se ALS | MT a i
1. ae oe k . ’ Whe yal Sa! Die ae eA aig oped Mi a , PAs sah
of lei aaah oh 8) Dae * 3h ; ue MRE fe!
oS nian gs Cee pes per eal: Oo 2 re , Seether db
1p Pee his Sie as) pe ‘ . eal
Te! i Ts *. x" rhe \ ‘ Y ‘ e 4
\ ‘'f ; : hid th
f / oly
EIGHTH is
Ee
: pi
; ut)
ANNUAL REPORT
pe
- af
»» y
a OF THE A
— ! pape
: a - . sey Ay
F a T a
* Tt : om
¢ A
“det wee ae
are ie
Os st: Sth solbwgithoitben siettat nas
4 be dodeoes, Bi wae a
Hay CURT EL Ae
{s 2 wir
' i. seth Bey ea ee ;
Sate: ga ate O ee dich 30 'e%
ne Pa aE at Ti Be A
7 Nhat (ptaiaved fa f cane f)
7 ~
uc has iia ete as te
Fite, 3 1a Wee 5s AGS tee (oe
¥ fi ee f fc wef van:
b Ada Kean ri sho S ths a a na Hi
rans eae ae am heath hoe :
ein
bon oF ¢
» - a
é ¥
eid fate af se bathe yi pO
i
0 ee 01S i
neg ro 7 be, ary ry eT gest. eel Ch Ts ary sah) ah
gee a em es Se ee ae ae Bs a fatas sat ae gor
pd irate ase Oe orang
bat Gi eb pier
tne ea mad ij a 5 oa
as
dA
SD petetes: "eral Leta emer te Ree ena Pe ow the we
A et ee e¥
#
ae
1
Hata tow ie.8 of ie Pe Shiva
4 USK VERITON, .
AAA Se EAS VOLTA PEGA YEA hae ata Pen pee oe . fe
SES atk MHET GAO a0 &. ALLE sa yar Ras
eo ae nr as
feat iastiankood ne dptiondy 4a peasy: ia
to; Hod teint RGAE Hao, BPE: BARE
ish wranade, Aas se AX } agape
Aine Sumi i jira
Rey nee ginal sian CUA WES ORAL CRE kd
i i P rie A. “ut ws . f
‘
.
“ee
4
-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
BY ‘Salmon Fishing Suasha of 1889 not a successful one, . : NG (ML
Table of Boxes of Scotch Salmon sent to Billingsgate from 1834 to
-* 1889, both years inclusive, . ; 5 CNOA
“Alteration of Annual Close Time ESalicatle to the Tay, : Shit Weak
Rental of the Tay Salmon Fisheries, ; ‘ : ‘ Vill
_ Salmon Fishings in Loch Tay, . , ; . ‘ Pen eTEy
| i Illicit traffic in BRITT oo te ek , : r : ix
ih
ay
wi ‘y
ay
ae
- Hang-Nets in rivers aiid estuaries, : ‘: i : : ix
_ Proofs of their destructiveness, . 4, ‘ : Psat» 3
ar ‘Inspection of East Coast Rivers by Mr ae Inspector of Salmon
2 _ Fisheries, =. : " Boy han ; ‘ xi
__ Inspection of Macdonald eras on the River Ericht, near Blair-
gowrie, lege Si a : _ : z : tei Sd.
_ Correspondence between the Inspector of Salmon Fisheries and Colonel
Macdonald, Washington, U.S, 3 , he edie nh
N Salmon Hishery, Legislation, , =i ; : s 2 eae
ghth erent to the hore Board for Scotland,* . . 161
Be
s x A fall Table of Contents will be found ror to this ers pages 3 and 4,
‘
’
AA a
¢
>
" e™ |
vA 4
r+ ‘ ‘
»
min
AS <p i %y 4
7 Py Sr he Bey 4 Ya
Ya +: y "
yw At ‘
ie ¥ [ 5, ‘ "i F ‘ \
i te att Qe 6 $4 cary P -
less SEA RRRMOR NT IRR ,
NJ ny \ ‘
ve ar * Rev et Si ah Tie felt 8 Be 55 dt de 58) : ee .
a?) nr a Ae, ot ss At ¥ 4 We 2 : * BOE tS val ave Pas . yee ; » *
; Ar tag an : Vth CaP aN et 4} fa » gh Ody -
OTE Se oy i Be ‘ Mae Tee dike
sa fd ate : os Laws
, ~ eS ety iy tag .
Oar a ee?" ON ae 7
wt ee,
5 ee ts rah 5 ap a
Be Rees ide a we ee OR: (ieee mS ahd ie Matas et
18 if hie aye
} \ ‘
ha Le Ya, rae
4 *
ve
ey. ane Cor igri) we mSie +4 yas ,
th Roshan LG Te eT font! hf |
y fs, os he ay eae ‘ ee ee i ©
Be aee pie seta:
; ’ } Gane 4 ) an
nS i
RO
4
A3) eos we | cae RS MY
» eS
} 4
fo ods 2
We “ae ee 4 e w WEE WY 7 eee ae a. ns ae
Lt .
— campeon) ee td
«
. 7 Gl a ¥ 7 ee
ee a jstoresd! t TR My mee
A ee we thet
lat BR as Ge :
; as
sn naeme
Ahi one WIG . ‘ob a 2
ia RAPT ie a fact ye |
oe
Ls
(E EGANOW AE
a ee
aE Cer ee ee ON PE GON eo ee ss SC sh Saha
' “ ds ss An fe Ae i, a rs u 5, y
LUE +) aoe pan Wl Sse bos pe) ae .
ake ‘Neamt Ne “1 ube LE ake eas Br i ak 4 Be hay Ag ; . ry v is an
Sila re euSAg ‘ BS es My Pe ' 3+
a rut y by it a
, me.
ke
j
i
i,
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. Uy
;
ey
ro
7 Ya
a nat
Piet
; TO THE MOST HONOURABLE : ,
THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN, K.T., oe
Her Majesty's Secretary for Scotland.
FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND,
EDINBURGH, 1st May 1890.
My Lorp Marquis, .
We, the Members of the Fishery Board for Scotland,
- have the honour to submit the Board's au Annual Report, bara
being for the year 1889. a
The subject matter of the Report has been arranged, as was as ext
| done last year, in three parts, under the following titles :— :
aie Part. I—General Report.
Part II—Report on Salmon Fisheries.
Part III.—Scientific Investigations.
We have the honour to be,
- My Lorp Marquis,
Your. Lordship’ S most obedient Servants,
‘THOMAS J. BOYD, Chairman.
JOHN GUTHPIE SMITH, Deputy-Chairman.
GEO. H. M. THOMS.
ees ALEXR. FORBES IRVINE.
Er J. R. G. MAITLAND.
Rg 15," ide COSSAR EWART.
i > JAMES JOHNSTON.
Soi, WILLIAM BOYD..
: ca tae Pees SMITH.
! Bio Mey kG.) Ys Seite. Sonaecle S dk eC MAG att
7.)
oe Ay
“ Y ok Nate
i hner) ibe a ine bac ere alata! ng Beh
yas “ OSI oa eDan ate ¢ Ages nie
pe oe Vasey ce hd Oe ay
He ii | a Me bs 8 ee bigiy ;
Mase the bij 1a Right se aca
, nee fq sea
ovyer ee
eS
a ey ie ore
a
a as
otis 3 ree
am
er
HOY yo +?
.
¥ SE ee a 2455 "
o t ?
We ee Be bt
e Paes
Bas
9"; ¥, ay 1 .
laa
4 CXF T: ‘Of 4
Saito. th
a } fees ‘
ieee
£0, 4) 7%
ae Ae
GE ie
a?
oe
\
pairs
aw
“gh | rote fi
ii eal! ss ted ee
om ye)
SMA AB:
pS $i oy ae ae Sie
Ed sue ;
:
> PART IL—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES.
‘4
q - The Salmon Fishery season of 1889 was Hot a successful one Salmon Fish- a
: ° 5 A ° o§
either for nets or rods, the season having been exceptionally dry. ¢r'gg9 not a
Only 21,101 boxes of salmon were sent to Billingsgate, the smallest successful one. eae :
number since 1880. figs
a The following Table gives the number of boxes of Scotch salmon Pate ot a wan
sent to eee market, in each year from 1834 to 1889, both pon entto.
= SI sive. Billingsgate
years inclusive fom 1884 to
a ~ | 1889, bot
Boxes of Scotch Boxes of Scotch Foner |
Wear. Salmon. Year Salmon. aaa b ;
1834 | 30,650 1862 22,796 1 eae
1835 42,330 1863 24,297 ected
- 1836 24,570 1864 22,603 : ee
RST le 32,300 1865 19,009 ie
1838 21,400 1866 21,725 ; Mie
1839 16,340 1867 23,006 !
1840 : 15,160 ( 1868 . 28,020 para?
1841 28,500 1869 20,474 Bie
1842 39,417 1870 20,648 1 ee
1843 - 30,300 1871 23,390 ete
1844 28,178 1872 24,404 — | Pe
1845 31,062. 1873 30,181 Me F
1846 ; 25,510 1874 32,180 i's hy
— 1847 20,112 1875 20,375 ats
1848 22,525 1876 34,655 ; 4a
1849 r 23,690 , 1877 28,189 : Ra
1850 13,940 1878 , 26,465 nt OM
1851 11,593 1879 13,929 iy. a
1852 13,044 1880 17,457 ae
1853 19,485 : 1881 ; 23,905 aie’
1854 ~ 23,194 . 1882 22,968 rhe s i iM
1855 18,197 1883 35,506 fe oe
1856 ' 15,438 1884 27,219 pe
1857 18,654 1885 30,362 ae
1858 21,564 1886 93,407 Die See
1859 15,823 1887 26,907 Sit
1860 15,870 1888 22,857 “ae
1861 12,337 1889 21,101 hes
cc oe :
During the first 7 yeats in the above Table, the average ery.
_ number of boxes of Scotch salmon sent from Scotland to Billings- _ Agee
“ea was 26,107; during the second septennial period 29,011 ; aU eae
during the third period ending in 1854, 18,210; from 1855 to oc apa ae
1861, 16,840; from i862 to 1868, 23,065; from 1869 to 1875, | a ae
% 24.521 ; from 1876 to 1882, both inclusive, 23,938 ; and during | Pore
_ the last septennial period, from 1883 to 1889, both inclusive, Nl ae
ae 6,765 boxes. The best year in the Table was 1835, when 42,330 © Bi
Pe ag rs oi : | va fi : “oad
y ’ “4 ay: / bey | ‘ ee, i
EAE ROR a are
oat tw acors At. ts Pay aly ‘ RK: ht
Alteration of
close time
applicable to
the Tay.
_ Rental of the
_ Tay Salmon
Fisheries.
Salmen Fish-
ings in Loch
Ta
_ places on the river. This alteration has now been carried out
Vili Report on Salmon Fisheries.
boxes were sent to Billingsgate; and the worst was 1851, when
only 11, 593 boxes were sent ; thus showing a difference of no less
than 30,737 boxes between the best year and the worst.
If we take the value of the 21,101 boxes of Scotch salmon sent —
to Billingsgate in 1889, at the moderate valuation of £110 ,780, and
add to this the same sum as the value of the salmon consumed in
Scotland, and sent from Scotland elsewhere than to London, we
get £221,560 as the value of the Scotch Salmon Fisheries for 1889.
In the Inspector of Salmon Fisheries first Report to the Board
in 1883, a return to the old close time of the Tay, previously to
the passing of Home Drummond’s Act in 1828, was strongly advo-
cated for various reasons, and, in particular, because it would be
likely to abate the poaching prevalent at Newburgh and other
by Order under the Secretary for Scotland’s hand, dated 15th
May 1888, so that the Tay now belongs to the largest group of
Scotch Salmon Rivers whose close time is from 27th August to
10th February, both days inclusive. There is good authority for
stating that the 6 days added to the netting season by this altera-
tion have already had some effect in diminishing poaching. —
For the 2 last years there has been a falling off in the rental
of the salmon fishings in the Tay, the chief salmon river in Scot-
jand. The following is a statement of the rental from 1883 to
1889, both years inclusive:—
1eBae Te Pe M pameet ayy Cr er aes 7 perro a
1884, 5 ula ote GRR Agee i bee 19,655 14. 5
BRTRENS 5.4 8 Sia wea cas abc ap aaiae 90,417 0 2
VERGO ey A Ye a ON ge oe ale
HAR) AACE MON Maem toees 29.143 16 7
1888, SEAT atte Te 19,655 0 0
1889, ats 17,731, 0. 8)
This shows a falling off in the ae of 1888, as compared with
1887, of £2,488, 16s. 7d., and in that of 1889, as compared with
1888, of £1924. It is anticipated that the rental for 1890 will be
about the same as that for 1889. The decrease has been almost
entirely in the fishings between the mouth of the Earn and Perth,
or what is known as the ‘mid-water.’
In 1889, 261 salmon weighing 4925 Ibs., or an average of 18 lb.
14 02. each, were taken by the rod in Loch Tay—certainly the
finest salmon loch in the United Kingdom, taking into considera-
tion the number and size of the fish combined.
The following are the results of the salmon fishings in Loch Tay
for the last 7 years:—
Year. No. of Fish. Weight in lbs. Average Weight.
1883 461 9679 POs) al com:
1884 240 4710 194s aa
1885 398 S167) 6 QO Bats
1886 379 7652 20 ,, ete
1887 227 4385 it ees age
1888 378 7006 ines ary
1889 261 4925 1B ie 14 ,,
Ray
me |
mt
Try “
i} bo s%
v4 by
. it
i a “
Report on Salmon Fisheries. IX
On studying the above Table it will be seen that, though there
is a great difference in the number of fish caught annually during
the '7 years—the most productive year, 1883, yielding more than
twice as many salmon as 1887, the least productive—there is
wonderfully little variation in the average weight, only 1 lb.
- between the heaviest and the lightest year—the average for the
whole 7 years giving the remarkable weight of 19 lbs. 10 ozs. for
each salmon.
In our last Report we found it necessary to advert to the illicit Mlicit traffic in ie
traffic in salmon from Scotland to English and foreign markets, and to 5"
the conferences which had taken place on the subject between Mr
Young, Mr Berrington and Mr Towse, Clerk to the Fishmongers
Company of London. We also pointed out what, in our opinion,
is required to prevent or abate such traffic in Scotland. We are
now informed that it is in contemplation to pass an Act for the
purpose of putting a stop to this traffic—the said Act to embrace
England, Scotland, and Ireland. Such an Act is much wanted, and
if judiciously drawn up, would be of great value. We are prepared,
on being called upon, to send a draft of the clauses in such an Act
that should be applicable to Scotland, as it seems desirable that
these clauses should be drafted in Scotland, the principles of the
Scotch law relating to salmon fishings and the provisions of the
Acts relating thereto being quite different from those of England
and Ireland.*
Of late years, hang-nets have been used in the Forth and Tay ; Hang-nets in
and except on the Tweed, where they are classed among fixed Pivers.and
engines, there is nothing to prevent any proprietor or lessee of salmon
fishings using them in all the rivers in Scotland. Yet nothing
seems more desirable than that their use in rivers and estuaries
should be prohibited, which can be effectually done by including
them in any future Salmon Fisheries Act under the category of
fixed engines.
How deadly they are in rivers, when used on a great scale, is Destructive-
best proved by the case of the Tyne, which falls into the sea not far 2¢ss of Hans- : ‘
ts in th
from Newcastle. The hang-nets on the Tyne, in the course of a Tyne! :
few years—as we are told in the 14th Annual Report of the
English Inspectors of Salmon Fisheries—reduced the yield of that
river from 129,100 fish to 21,746. They were then removed by a
Bye-law of the Conservators outside the river, since which time
the fisheries have improved. In the Blackwater, also, a large
and important Irish salmon river which falls into the sea near
Youghall, the hang-nets were rapidly ruining the river, and their
removal was only procured by the Duke of Devonshire after one
of the Jongest and most costly salmon fishery cases on record.
Besides these cases, there is ample testimony as to the evil effects Mr Buckland
of hang-nets in rivers and estuaries, from those best qualified to °° Uamenets
judge. The late Mr Frank Buckland writes as follows about them:
-—‘Even if they do not catch the fish, they frighten them and
* Since the above was written Mr Young has received a letter from Mr Berrington, ia
Chief Inspector of Salmon Fisheries for England and Wales, dated Board of Trade,
18th April 1890, in which: he writes as follows:—‘ It does not seem possible to do mite ay
_ ‘anything this year towards obtaining the desired amendments on the law relating
_‘ to the illegal traffic in salmon; but the matter is not lost sight of.’
Mr Dunbar on
Hang-nets.
Mr J oseph
Napier’s
evidence about
_ Hang-nets.
x Report on Salmon Fisherves.
‘deter them in their upward passage. . Fish caught in the hang-
‘nets in the Tyne are not so good as those caught with other nets,
‘inasmuch as they are both hanged and drowned. They struggle
‘in the. net till dead, and the flesh then becomes soddened with
‘water. The fish caught in the whammel-nets in the Solway are,
‘ probably by the same rule, not so good as those caught in the
‘ stake and draft-nets.’
The late Mr Dunbar, Brawl Castle, Thurso, for several years
Superintendent of his Grace the Duke of Sutherland’s Salmon
Fisheries, agrees with and corroborates Mr Buckland’s views :—
‘ Hang-nets ’—he writes, ‘should be entirely abolished ; they are
‘the worst nets ever invented; they kill the foul as well as the
‘clean fish; the fishermen cannot help it; they are blown up to
‘an unnatural size by being hours dead, and they are just, like any
‘drowned or strangled animal, unfit for human food.’
Mr Joseph Napier, who has been Superintendent of the Forth
Salmon Fisheries for 23 years, and who has had several years’
experience of the working of hang-nets in the Forth, recently gave
the following evidence with regard to them before the Commission
on Crown Rights in Scotch Salmon Waters:—‘ The hang-net is a
‘system which has been introduced into the Forth District within
‘the last 14 or 15 years. First of all a man from Buckhaven
‘ started it with one net, and he was successful, and it bas gone on
‘ increasing every year, until last year there were between 50 and
‘60 nets between Alloa and Kincardine. These nets are from
‘100 to 200 yards long. They are 9 feet deep. They are loaded
‘with lead sinkers and are floated with cork floats so as to make
‘them stand perpendicularly ; and when 50 or 60 of these are
‘stretched across a district of 5 or 6 miles, it is almost an impos-
‘sibility for any fish to get past them up to the upper waters.
‘The fish that are caught in the hang-net are hung by the gills.
‘The mesh of the net is 10 inches—that is 3 inches above the
‘mesh of the sweep-net which is allowed by Act of Parliament.
‘The hang-netter has thus a benefit. There is a penalty on any
‘person using a net with a mesh of less than 7 inches, but there
‘is no penalty attached to anyone using a net with a mesh above 7
‘inches so that the hang-netter has the benefit of that and works
‘accordingly. There are two men in each boat and sometimes
‘ there are three. Upwards of 100 men were employed last year in
‘that mode of fishing. They are not regular fishermen at all.
‘ They are men who are employed at other work—dock labourers,
-“shoemakers, blacksmiths, and others—who leave their ordinary |
‘work and go off to this fishing, and this in the very throng of
‘the run of the salmon to the upper waters in July and August.
‘They make a good thing of it. They get permission from a person
‘at Dunmore who takes the fishings from the Earl of Dunmore
‘and pays a small rent and lets them to all and sundry for 15s.
‘a boat. These men are not regular fishermen and I regret to say
‘that they are mostly of a very outrageous character. Our Board
‘have been at considerable expense during last year in keeping an
‘ extra staff of men to put down poaching and protect the tisheries
‘during the annual and weekly close times. Several very severe
'* conflicts have taken place between the bailiffs and poachers, the
-
: i.
Report on Salmon Misherres. XI
‘end of which has been that a good many of them have been
‘detected and convicted of fishing illegally during the weekly close
‘time and also during the annual close time, after the fishing
‘season has closed on 26th August. That is my knowledge
‘of this hang-net fishing. All that the Fishery Board receives
‘for protecting the fish so as to give a supply of salmon to
‘upwards of 100 men during that time is some £2, 19s. a year
from four proprietors of fishings where hang-nets are used below
Alloa. Since these nets have been so extensively used a number
of the fishings have been falling in rental every year. I may
‘mention one very important fishing that used to let at £1100 or
‘£1200 and is now let at £725. Now that is a great sweep off the
assessment for protection purposes, and undoubtedly will tell,
‘because if the assessment is not kept up, it is impossible the
‘ watching staff can be kept up, and if it suffers the whole fishings
‘will suifer. Lord Dunmore only gets £8 a year rental for all
this great damage. There are four proprietors. Tulliallan, I
‘think is let at £10. The assessment of £2, 19s., which is 10 per
cent. represents a total rental of £30.’
It certainly does seem a monstrous thing that the lessees of the
fishings of these four proprietors, who pay altogether a rental of
only £30 a year, should be entitled to sublet to an unlimited
number of men and boats, a right to fish for salmon with hang-nets
n~
nr
waters above; to materially reduce the value of the upper fisheries;
and to cripple the income of the District Board by the utterly in-
significant sum which they contribute for the protection of the
river. What has happened in the Forth may happen in many other
fisheries.*
District Boards with the view of ascertaining their opinion regard-
ing the clauses that would be required in the event of a Bill being
brought in to prevent the illicit traffic in salmon from Scotland to
English and foreign markets; there being more traffic of that kind
from these districts than from any other Fishery Districts ip
Scotland. The following clause was approved of by the Tay
District Board on 4th October 1889:—Every person who, in any
District of Scotland during the extension of the time for rod-fishing
in force therein, sells, or offers, or exposes for sale, or, not being an
owner or having the authority of an owner of fishings, has in his
‘possession any salmon or part of a salmon, shall be liable to a
penalty not exceeding £5, and to a farther penalty not exceeding
£2, for every salmon or part of a salmon so sold, or offered, or
exposed for sale, or found in possession; and any salmon or part of
a salmon so sold, or offered, or exposed for sale, or found in posses-
* Lord Trayner, after proof taken, on the 23rd May, 1890, in the case of ‘ The Earl
__ of Wemyss and Others v. The Earl of Zetland and Others,’ assoilzied the defenders
+ - with expenses, holding that the case was ruled by the decision in the case of
ie) ‘Masters of Allan’s Mortification v, Thomson,’ in which the legality of using hang-
nets in the Forth was affirmed. A Reclaiming Note has, however, been lodged
_ against this decision,
% TREO: La eee ee ee ek ee eT Ce ee PW Pe oh : 4 Siky rs,
“awe. Pe dindt Tid a Cin. Nt bs TAP A 4) r% x: ‘ Ne alt’ ay Me
Sl ee yee Te , > ori 4 pat ie d Nes .
t Re , i \
in such a way as practically to bar the passage of the fish to the
rivers in Scotland, with effects equally disastrous to the salmon
During the summer and autumn of 1889, Mr Young, Inspector Mr Young’s
of Salmon Fisheries, inspected several of the rivers on the east Mspection of
coast of Scotland and met the Clerks of the Tay and Dee and Don rivers.
xii Report on Salmon Fisheries.
sion shall be forfeited; and the burden of proving that such salmon
or part of a salmon was lawfully captured shall lie on the person
selling, or offering, or exposing for sale, or having in possession sag :
salmon or part of a salmon.
Approved by the Tay District Board.
MACKENZIE AND Dickson, Clerks.
PERTH, 4th October 1889.
The above clause is almost identical with that suggested by the
Clerks to the Dee and Don District Boards. There can be ‘little
doubt that the insertion of such a clause, in any future legis-
lative measure for regulating the exportation of salmon, would
effectually put a stop to the sale of fish caught during the extension
of time for rod-fishing in Scotland; which, unfortunately, though
illegal in England and under the Tweed Fisheries Acts, is still
legal in Scotland.
Inspection of | The Inspector of Salmon Fisheries afterwards inspected the
rey tonal, Macdonald Fishways on Westfield Weir and Ashbank Weir on
: ys on ’ : ; * 4 ' :
the River the river Ericht, near Blairgowrie, which have been in operation
_ Ericht. for several years, in order to ascertain whether these fishways,
when applied to obstructions on a rapid river, which brings down
in floods quantities of gravel and other debris, will enable salmon
to surmount the obstruction and reach the upper waters; or
whether the tubes, on which the efficient action of the Macdonald
Fishway so much depends, are liable to be choked up by the
gravel swept down by the river, so that the proper and efficient
action of the fishway is thereby destroyed. The result of the
Inspector’s examination of these Fishways was that he arrived at
the conclusion that, as at present constructed, they are liable to
be entirely deranged and rendered useless by the lodging in the
tubes of the various substances brought down in floods by a rapid
river like the Ericht. A detailed account of the Inspector’s
examination of the east coast rivers and of these fishways will be
found in his Report to the Board, which forms the Appendix to
this Report, where will also be found a Report on the Fishways
by Mr Lumsden, Superintendent to the Tay District Board. The
question of whether the Macdonald Fishway is, or is not, an
efficient means of enabling salmon to surmount natural and arti-
ficial obstructions in salmon rivers is one of much interest and
importance. Its slope is much shorter and steeper than that of
any other fishway, and, in consequence, it is less costly; and so
long as the tubes remain clear there is black water throughout the
fishway, and salmon have no difficulty in ascending. But, when a
number of the tubes cease to act, owing to their being choked up
and disabled by gravel, twigs, or other rubbish brought down in
floods, the black water in the fishway, owiag to its steep gradient,
becomes a white foaming torrent which no salmon will face. —
The Report by Colonel Marshall Macdonald, thehead of the United
States Fisheries Commission, to the Tay District Board in 1884, as
to the erection of Salmon-ladders on the Falls of Tummel and on
obstructions on the river Ericht will be found in Note IV. to the
Inspector’s Third Annual Report to the Board. —
Report on Salmon Fisheries. X1il
After inspecting 'the fishways on the Ericht, the Inspector wrote Correspond-
to Colonel Macdonald on the subject, and has since received from rig ata
him a letter, accompanied by plans of an improved fishway, of Salmon
designed to obviate the faults which so materially interfere with aspen ee
the usefulness of fishways similar to those on the Ericht.* donald, Wash-
q Before closing our Report, we desire to direct attention to the iston.
Ne following extract from the Seventh Report of the Inspector of Leelee?
~ Salmon rBisheries to this Board. Under the head of ‘ Salmon
bd ‘ Fishery Law and Legislation,’ the Inspector there writes as follows
€ with reference to the Salmon Fisheries (Scotland) Consolidation
| and Amendment Bill, which was withdrawn in the last Session of
a - Parliament :—‘ But that bill, which has now been withdrawn, was,
a ‘to some extent, an attempt to reconcile the almost irreconcileable |
| ‘claims and interests of upper and lower proprietors ; and it, there- k
Me ‘ fore, not unnaturally, excited an amount of opposition which proved
| £ fatal to it. But there are many provisions which would be un-
| ‘ questionable improvements to our Salmon Fisheries in Scotland
i about which both upper and lower proprietors are agreed. Might oe
a it not, therefore, be worth trying the experiment of embodying 7 ae
i? these in a new bill, without touching upon those matters with .
ia regard to which there is no chance of securing unanimity? For | a Gabe
example, a bill providing for the following points would probably
unite the suffrages of upper and lower proprietors, and would have ei,
a good chance of passing through Parliament. These points are
the prohibition of the sale of salmon caught during the extensiun
of time for rod-fishing ; granting additional powers of search and :
seizure to water-bailifis, &c.; provisions for District Boards remain- | ,
ing in office until their successors are appointed ; for removing
diseased fish from rivers and waters; for making obstructions in be
‘ rivers passable for salmon ; for effectually preventing the pollution AY
of rivers; for prohibiting the use of the cleek for landing salmon =
until the 1st of May’; for fixing minimum as well as maximum
penalties for offences ; for the prevention of ‘ sniggling ;’ for fixing
a close time and a gauge, or both, for trout; for smolt- -cuards in
the case of turbine wheels and similar engines ; for giving District | .
Boards additional powers to rent, lease, or “purchase any salmon Mei:
fishing, fixed engine, &c., for the benefit of the fisheries in their |
respective districts ; and for conferring powers on the Fishery
Board for Scotland to enforce the provisions of the Salmon Fishery
Acts in those districts where there are no District Boards. Such
a bill,it humbly seems to me, would have a fair chance of passing.
Whereas a. bill providing for lengthening the annual and weekly a
close times; for regulating and restricting the working of draft nets; E
for allo wing District Boards to elect their own chairman irrespective
of rental; ‘for prohibiting netting within a certain distance above
and below dam dikes ; for further regulating and restricting the
‘ construction and working of stake, fly, and bag nets; and for lier: a
“ing estuary lines ; would, almost certainly, be rejected.’ ae
a) * For plan of this improved Fishway,”see Note IX. to the Inspector’s Report to wry he
the Board. me,
eet Dit
he VS
=
.
"
Oy: mc! BONA bh) een CS CUD PU AS a ee ey Alay SS A Aba ETS mt he lS Bee) Ganon
iy Nya’ wea v) han ( Sieg re om ‘ae er Aa ae meee, Ni
Oey SAT) : , ft.) ‘ be ee .
% zi , ‘ ” \ uC " K P }
7 N 7 ‘ ,
We ; :
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT TO THE FISHERY =
BOARD FOR SCOTLAND; = cua
By ARCHIBALD YOUNG, Apvocary, ee
Ae _ Inspecror of Satmon Fisuerins ror Scoruanp. Ree
aoe }
1 Care
. a A) Ms
“4
. ey ah E
i nS
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Macdonald Fishways on River Ericht, :
Obstructions in Ericht below the Macdonald Bah ways, ;
The Keith, ‘ ‘
Macdonald Fishway at Westfield dais
Macdonald Fishway at Ashbank dam,
Correspondence with Colonel Macdaiiala, Washispton, Dy S,, with
regard to the defects in the Macdonald rp eee ;
Opening up of Falls of Tummel,
The land-locked Salmon at aemionth
Mugiemoss dam on the River Don,
Its thoroughly obstructive chardctar and number of Satnign lifted over
it by the river watchers,
The Ugie, .
The South Esk, . .
Sewage Farm in connection with South Esk, ; : sta
Rentalk of Salmon Fisheries in South Esk Tistiict
Printed Queries,
Answers to Printed Gueeitd from Tay District ose
North Esk District Board,
3 Bervie District Board,
Annual Report by Sisanateadant of River Spey,
Answers to Printed Queries from Spey District Board,
>P) . ”)
” ” Findhorn District Board,
9 2 Ness District Board, .
” i Dee District Board,
Cl * Ythan District Board, .
” rf; Ugie District Board,
” Ae > Lochy District Board,
Ba 55 i x Annan District Board,
x hss di . Sutherland Rivers, °
District of Clyde and Leven, .
District of the River “iat ee :
Trout fishing in Loch Leven,
Bek (Midlothian) Angling Improvenient Askociation:
~ Loch Awe Fishery Improvement Association,
pee from Hotels in Scotland with Salmon and Tih Fishings
te attached,
" Overscaig, °
payle of Sutherland,
. 26
4 CONTENTS.
Scourie, . : ; : : ‘ Ae
Forsinard, .
Riconich,
Inchnadamph,
Altnahara, .
Culfail,
Tyndrum, . ;
Loch Awe (Portsonachar, Dalmay, Tay cree an),
Loch Katrine, ,
Luss Hotel, eee fatuehae
Loch Maddy, North Uist, :
Mason’s Arm’s Hotel, Stromness, Orkney,
Lochs Stenness and Hatras, :
Powers of Fishery Board over the eit Pisherieh of Scotland, uses
‘The Fishery Board (Scotland) Act, 1882” . - SNS ap ives
NOTES.
T. Annual Close Time applicable to the Salmon Rivers of Scotland,
II. Statistics of the River Tweed for 78 years,
III. Report by the Inspector of Salmon Fisheries ys the Fishers
Board for Scotland on Letter from the Solicitor to the Fish- —
mongers Company, London, .
IV. Report to the Fishery Board by the Tnepector of Sieh haperies
on ‘Points and Suggestions with reference to the proposed
‘Salmon Fishery Bill,” by the Solicitor to the Fishmonger’s
Company, London,
V. Report to the Fishery Board by the eeatee of Atel uhevies |
on the application by the Tweed Commissioners to the
Secretary for Scotland for a Gun-boat for the Tweed, .
VI. Report to the Fishery Board by the Inspector of Salmon WasHeuiba
on the River Lossie,
VII. Report to the Fishery Board by the Fochenen of Meton iaicnie |
on the Cruives on the River Earn, ‘
VIII. Report on the Macdonald Fishways on the River Ericht by Mr
Lumsden, Superintendent, Tay District Board, >
IX. Design of an Improved Macdonald Fishway sent to Mr Young,
by Colonel Marshall Macdonald, Washington, head of the
Fisheries Department of the insted States, in answer to a
Letter from Mr Young pointing out the defects of the —
Macdonald Fishways on the Ericht, _
X. Specification and Plan of a Fish-pass, on an entirely new sieidiple.
being an Automatic Fish-pass, as airy Boren 1890,
by Mr P. D. Malloch, Perth, . dali
Qvebo)
' REPORT.
i” I HAVE the honour to report that, as directed by the Board, I went to
i Blairgowrie on the 29th of August last, accompanied by Mr Lumsden,
a Superintendent to the Tay District Board, in order to inspect the dams
on the river Ericht above Blairgowrie Bridge, and especially those at .
i Westfield and Ashbank where Macdonald Fishways have been put in, as I
had heard that these Fishways were not acting properly in consequence
. of tke liability of the tubes to become choked up by debris brought down
i by the river in floods. :
-. I first inspected the Weir immediately above Blairgowrie Bridge. This Obstructions %
D presents no very formidable obstacle to the ascent of salmon as long as Nae ee Sh
the cut in it is left clear and open. It is far otherwise with the dam Fishways. fs
4 immediately above. Here, the pass is near the left bank, not far from
a plantation. The dam is about 7 feet in perpendicular height, and I
ta very much doubt the efficiency of the pass which has been placed upon
__ it. There is too much white water and a great wave at the bottom of it. ne
_ I recommended some years ago, that the beam which runs right along the Sea
___erest of the dam should either have a cut made in it or should be bevelled fens
'__ on the lower face so as to be on a uniform slope with the pass. I also
_ recommended that cross pieces should be put on the pass so as to break
| the force of the water. In the state of the river I could not see whether Ue:
or not these recommendations had been given effect to; but I was (eo Acad
informed that they had been carried out. The pass, however, is not
satisfactory, and Mr Lumsden believes that not 1 salmon in 100 that
attempts it, succeeds in getting over the dam.
_ Some distance above this is the Keith, a rocky gorge of considerable The Keith.
length, and from 5 to 7 feet in breadth in which the whole volume of the
river is imprisoned and concentrated, and through which it frets and foams
ina strong, deep, rapid stream ; while, at the head of this stream, there is A
a broken fall from 7 to 8 feet high which salmon must take after swimming MS
the long rushing torrent below. Ido not believe that they can do so; and af)
none have ever been seen, either by Mr Lumsden or any of his men, in Racket:
the river above. On the right side of the rapid, there is a sort of natural
salmon-ladder in the rocks, extending from the corner of the pool just
_ above the fall to the foot of the rapid, which by blasting and the use of '
_ the pickaxe might be made into an efficient fishway. It is a pity that , :
Colonel Macdonald, when he inspected the obstructions on the Ericht, ) ie
some years ago, did not make sure that salmon could pass the Keith and es
_ the dam immediately below it before he erected the Macdonald Fishways 3
on the two dams higher up. At present, I very much doubt whether 1 las
_ salmon ever succeed in reaching these fishways, though sea-trout, perhaps, eee
/
—",-"
6 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
Macdonald After leaving the Keith, I proceeded to Westfield dam the highest on
at og Pl the river. This dam is a tremendous obstruction, 13 feet perpendicular,
and the intake lade draws off a perfect river of water for the use of the
jute mill. The Macdonald Fishway is on the left bank close to the intake
lade. When we arrived, there was but little water in the fishway, but
even that little—far too little to enable fish to run up—was foaming and
broken, there being white water even in the centre, where in a Macdonald
Fishway in perfect working order, there should have been black and almost
perfectly still water. Only four of the thirty and upwards of short tubes
discharging water on to the fishway were in working order at the time of
my visit; the rest were all more or less choked up with gravel and other
debris brought down by the river. There were stones in the tubes varying
in size from that of a man’s fist to small gravel, also twigs, and branches,
and other drift.
On taking out a plank that had been put in to prevent the admission of
more than the very moderate quantity of water we found-in the fishway, ~
an ample stream poured down it in a white foaming torrent, so strong
that when Mr Lumsden plunged a plank in it he had the greatest diffi-
culty in holding it firm, and the water spurted from it in all directions.
No fish could have looked at the water in the fishway. It would have
been whirled backwards at once. The fact is that the working of the
fishway depends almost entirely upon the steady and uniform acting of
the water in the tubes; and if these tubes are disabled from acting, which
was the case during my visit, the fishway becomes the worst of all fishways
owing to its steep gradient, which, in the case of that on Westfield dam,
is only four horizontal to one perpendicular. So long as the tubes are
clear and act properly, the tendency of this steep gradient to produce
white and broken water is counteracted, and there is black and compara-
tively still water in the fishway, up which a salmon caneasily swim. But
when the tubes are choked up, the Macdonald Fishway becomes the worst
of all fishways instead of the best, so that it would seem to be unsuited
for rivers which, in floods, bring down a great deal of gravel and detritus
of various kinds which most of our Scotch salmon rivers do.
I observed that the bottom of the water above the dam close to the head
of the fishway is entirely composed of gravel, which, in spite of the flood-
guards and gratings intended to protect the fishway, seems to enter and
disable the tubes whenever there is a flood. At the time of my visit, the
Ericht was just beginning to fall and clear after a flood.
Macdonald The other Macdonald Fishway on Ashbank dam, the dam below West-
endef ‘yam, field, was in the same unsatisfactory state as that at Westfield. Indeed,
"the water in it seemed even more rapid and tumultuous. Mr Lumsden
informs me that no salmon have ever been seen above the Keith, and
neither salmon nor sea-trout in the river above Westfield. My own
impression and that of Mr Lumsden is that neither salmon nor sea-trout
have been able to ascend as high as the foot of the Macdonald Fishway at.
Ashbank dam. But even if they were able to penetrate so far, I do not
think that they would be able to ascend the fishways in the disabled
condition in which they were when I inspected them.
It may possibly be said, that, except when the river is in flood, the
Macdonald Fishways will work perfectly well. But fish, as a rule, do not.
run when a river is low, but when it is clearing and subsiding after a —
flood ; and a fishway that is only in acting order when salmon are not
running can scarcely be said to fulfil the functions of a fishway, which are _
to enable running fish to ascend otherwise impassable obstructions between —
them and the spawning grounds above. No doubt, the ability and, —
experience ahd practical ingenuity of Colonel Macdonald will enable him, a
Of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 7
to devise some means of overcoming these defects in his valuable fishway,
so that it shall be available even in the case of rapid rivers whose beds
are to a large extent composed of gravel liable to be swept down in floods.
After my inspection of the Macdonald Fishways on the Ericht, [ wrote rit in
to Colonel Macdonald at the United States Commission of Fish and Goionel Mac.
Fisheries, Washington ; and on the 11th December, I had the pleasure donald, inven-
of receiving the following answer :— tor of the Wish
way.
SS ee
I am greatly obliged to you for your remarks upon the Macdonald Fishways
on the Ericht. I have long realised that the liability of the tishway to become
obstructed by sand, stone, anc other débris, was a fatal objection to its use, and
have been busily engaged in modifying designs to meet difficulties that experi-
ence in using suggests. I have greatly simplified and cheapened the construc-
tion ; the fishway, as now designed, will not become clogged up, nor will it be
- destroyed or damaged by freshets if properly constructed.
I send you a design of fishway for a type of dam much in use on our
western rivers, which I have designed for the Government Engineer in charge
of the improvements of Green and Barren Rivers in Kentucky, and which will
be built the ensuing summer on several of the dams in those rivers. The
drawings are plain enough, I think, but I also send you copy of a letter mailed
to Lieutenant Sibert at the same time. I also send you another design where i
the fishway is carried against and parallel to the face of a vertical dam. This ,
was intended to meet the wants of our small interior streams. You will see in
both of these that the fishway is simply an inclined. flume or sluice built of
timber on masonry or iron. In this are set up cast-iron deflecting plates,
arranged in alternating sets, which arrest a portion of the descending water,
and deliver it obliquely up stream, by which it is mingled obliquely with the
descending current, the velocity of which is tlrus controlled.
The arrangement of these is shown in Plan of Construction for a 24-inch way.
The fishways already on the Ericht may be adapted to this plan at little cost, eA
and, if securely covered, and the intake of water arranged as shown in plans for i
Green and Barren Rivers, you will not be troubled with the obstruction of the
fishway by drift. I am, moreover, satisfied that covering the fishway, so as to r
exclude light, will, instead of interfering with the run of salmon, favour the same. 3
A design of fishway for the Falls of Tummel could doubtless be made, nag
that would not show at all when completed, and which would open up all the
water above the Falls to the salmon spawning. Would it not be well to modify
the fishways on the Ericht as indicated, and if they prove satisfactory, then
move to get the salmon over the Falls of Tummel ? *
With regard to the Falls of Tummel, mentioned in the concluding para- Opening up of
graph of Colonel Macdonald’s letter, I deeply regret to have to report that Falls of Tum-
the prospect of having them opened up, and the vast area of lakes and "~~
spawning ground in rivers above made accessible to salmon, seems to be as
remote as ever. So far back as 1884, I made a special Report to the Meat
Fishery Board describing the 50 miles of rivers, and the 20,000 acres of | |
lochs that would be opened up by placing an efficient salmon-ladder on “Nie ae
the Falls ; and, in their second Report to Parliament (page 62), the Board 7.
record the following resolution on the subject :—
The Board having considered the Report by Mr Young, on the opening of .
rivers and lochs, now closed against salmon, by the existence of such obstruc- a
tions as the Falls of Tummel, the Falls of Mounessie, and the Falls on the Conon,
approve of said Report ; and having regard to the extensive area of spawning
and angling water which would be opened in different districts in Scotland, ‘
by the removal of said obstructions, and the introduction of an efficient fishway, aut
resolve to transmit a copy of said Report to the Secretary of State, with a Ee
request that a short Act should be brought in by the Government giving Dis- ~2 Ree
_ __ trict Boards the requisite compulsory powers, subject to such control on the | 2%
part of the Board, or otherwise, as may be considered just.
§ _ * For Report on the Macdonald Fishways on the Ericht, by Mr Lumsden, Super-
- _ intendent to the Tay District Board, see Note X. _
The land-
locked salmon.
Mugiemoss
Dam on the
River Don.
8 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
With reference to the above, I venture most. respectfully. to suggest to
the Board that it would be desirable to bring this matter prominently
under the notice of the Secretary for Scotland. The opening up of the
Falls of Tummel would be the greatest experiment in the United King-
dom in the way of salmonising waters now destitute of salmon, and one
from which we should probably derive most valuable experience. At
Ballysodare, in Ireland, salmon were enabled, by skilfully constructed
ladders, to surmount two waterfalls, each higher and steeper than the
Falls of Tummel, and a salmon fishery was created where none had
previously existed, which, a few years after the construction of the
ladders, yielded 10,000 fish annually.
Under existing legislation, District Boards can only put a salmon-
ladder on waterfalls by agreement with the riparian owners to whom the
Falls belong. If they refuse their consent, the District Board is helpless.
It has no compulsory powers. The proprietors veto on operations, which
would vastly augment the value of the upper waters and increase the
supply of salmon for the public, is absolute and final. There is no appeal.
And it certainly seems somewhat strange and inconsistent that while in
England, under the Salmon Fisheries Act of 1873, Boards of Conservators —
have power, under certain conditions and restrictions, to acquire compul
sorily, in whole or in part, artificial obstructions to the passage of salmon,
no similar power should be possessed by Scottish District Boards over
natural obstructions ; although, in consequence of the absence of such a
power, salmon are absolutely excluded by impassable waterfalls, from
about 500 miles of rivers and from many thousand acres of lochs.
In my last Report to the Board, I stated that I had applied to Colonel
Marshall Macdonald, the head of the United States Fisheries Commission,
to ascertain whether he would send over to this country a supply of
impregnated ova of the land-locked salmon. He complied with my
request in the handsomest and most liberal manner, and forwarded a con-
signment of 25,000 ova which arrived in this country with very trifling
loss, and were deposited in hatching-trays at Taymouth Castle in February
1889. Since then, I have been informed that there are thousands of
young fry, from 1 to 3 inches long, quite healthy and lively, in a pond
which has been made for them in the park at Taymouth. It is to be
hoped that these fry may be the means of introducing this game and.
handsome fish into some of our Scotch Lochs.
When in Aberdeen, for the purpose of meeting the clerks to the Dee and
Don District Boards on the subject of the illicit traffic in salmon, I took
the opportunity of inspecting the dams on the Don, described in my first
Report to the Board, and was sorry to find that none of their objectionable
features have been in any way altered or improved; the dam at Mugie-
moss, especially, preserving ifs bad eminence as being about the worst
artificial obstruction in Scotland. The apron of this dam is no less than
94 feet 6 inches long—a fatal fault, as fish cannot swim so long a current
of rapid water. When I first visited Mugiemoss the river was so low
that I could walk across the face or apron of the dam, But when I in-
spected it in August last, the river was rather high, and the fish-pass on
the dam was full of white foaming water, which no salmon could ascend ;
and then, to add to the difficulty, at the top of this foaming torrent, there
is a jump of about 3 feet before the fish can reach the water above. The
pass‘is the very last place in the dam which any ascending fish would
select. On the is bank of the stream, a good aay inches of black water
<<
a
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 9
were running over the apron of the dam, and it is here that running fish
generally attempt to ascend. But, owing to the length of the apron, they .
are always washed back, and no heavy or gravid salmon succeed in sur-
mounting it. On this side of the river, there is an intake lade with sluices
belonging to the Messrs Crombie ; and it would not be difficult or expen-
sive to cut a passage from the dam to above the sluices through which
salmon might ascend. But, undoubtedly, by far the most effectual means
of doing away with the obstructive character of Mugiemoss dam would
be to construct, about 20 yards below the tve of the apron of the dam, a
subsidiary dam not less than 5 feet high. "This salmon could easily sur-
mount, and, after doing so, would find themselves in the pool created by
the subsidiary dam which would have the effect of raising the water about
half way up the long apron of the existing dam, which they would then
have but little difficulty in ascending and reaching the waters above.
The strongest proof of the thoroughly obstructive character of Mugie- Number of sal-
moss dam in its present-state is furnished by the fact that last year the Mea ' iP
river watchers took out from the pool below it 560 saJmon that were Dam. i
unable to surmount it, placed them in boxes and carried them up to the
water above the dam; and, besides these, 400 fish were taken out, by
landing nets with long handles, whilst falling back after attempting to
ascend, and placed in the water above—thus making a total of 960
salmon in a single year, prevented from ascending to the upper waters to
spawn by this most objectionable dam. During the previous year 660
salmon were, in like manner, taken from the pool below the dam and
carried over it by the river watchers. . ,
The Superintendent complains not only of the Shatbultine character of Pee"
the dam at Mugiemoss, but also of the excessive quantity of water x
abstracted from the river by the works at Mugiemoss, at the Messrs ane
Piries, and at the Messrs Crombies, so that when the river is low the
intake lade contains a larger quantity of water than is left in the bed of
the river, owing to which, in at least one case, the river-bed below the gee
dam connected with the works is left almost perfectly dry. Another |
complaint connected with these works is that they inclose and entirely
-shut in large spaces of the banks of the river, from which the river-
_ watchers are practically excluded. That is to say, they can only get
access by applying at the doors of the works, so that if any poaching is
going on inside, word may be passed along and everything made regular
before the watchers enter.
On the 9th of August I inspected the river Ugie, about which there River Ugie.
is really very little “to remark. It is well managed by the District
Board—whose Report in answers to the printed queries will be found on i
pp. 23, 24, and with the exception of one or two dams which offer no great, ee
obstruction to the ascent of fish, but which might be improved by being
made somewhat more water- tight than they are, there is nothing to com-
plain of.
The river has a narrow and shifting entrance, and fixed nets may be
placed within 200 yards of the mouth on either side. But there were ‘F
none so close when I inspected it. I noticed some places, not far from
the entrance and within tidal influence, which seemed well adapted for
laying down mussels.
i. After leaving the Ugie, I inspected the South Esk, which, in some TheSouthEsk,
respects, has been greatly improved since I visited it in 1883. In par- ga
_ ticular, a new pass, modelled on that on Morphie Dam on the North Esk,
has been placed on the dam at Brechin Castle, formerly a most serious
rte Before putting in this pass the South Esk District Board
ee ee se
= 2” S62 a FS. SSS — e » hee ee
Sewage Farm
in connection
with Town of
Brechin and
South Esk.
10 Appendices to Highth Annual Report
of them. The new pass in the dam has been by no means an expensive
one, as I was informed that it cost only about £100. ~
In company with Mr Don, clerk to the District Board, and the
Superintendent, I inspected this pass and afterwards the highly interest-
ing sewage farm which has been formed with the view of deodorising
and utilising the pollutions from the manufactories at Brechin. The dam
at Brechin Castle is a steep and lofty dike with rather a long apron —
particularly on the left or town bank of the river. A pass constructed
about two years ago, modelled upon the excellent one at Morphie, though
steeper in gradient and not widened out at the lower extremity, has been
put into this dam. When I saw it, it had black water all down the
centre of it, and as the river below the foot of the pass has been cleared
out and deepened, salmon are said to have no difficulty in ascending it,
so that the angling above should soon be greatly improved and the capa-
bilities of the upper spawning grounds should be, at last, properly de-
veloped. The Earl of Dalhousie has a right of cruive fishing in connection
with this dike, and though the space formerly occupied by the cruive-
boxes has been filled up, they may again be put in on notice given.
Below Brechin Dike is Eastmill Dam which does not present any
insuperable obstacle to the ascent of salmon when the river is in such a
state as to induce them to run. The lade connected with this mill is
long, broad, and deep—quite a small river—and the tail-lade discharges
into Craig Pool, near the sewage farm. The lowest weir is termed
Kinnaird’s Dam. ‘This is a curved dam, and salmon should be able to
take it when the river is high. The pass is not a good one, and it |
might have been better placed. —
After inspecting these dams, I proceeded to the sewage farm, which
was quite in an infant state when I visited it six years ago. Now it
is a thriving establishment, about 15 acres in extent, which is found to
answer the purpose very well. When I saw it, besides grass, there
were crops of mangold, splendid turnips, both yellows and swedes,
cabbages, and mashley comprising beans, peas, etc. They take five or
six crops of grass off the farm every year and could take more were there
sufficient demand for it. The ground of this sewage farm, it should be
mentioned, was originally good soil, not sandy or waste ground. ‘There
is a settling tank in one corner where the solid sewage is collected and
sold. The sewage of Brechin and the refuse of two, at least, of the great
mills on the river are conducted to the farm. The sewage water, after
passing over and through the farm, is discharged into a deep and spacious
part of the river called the Craig Pool. Iam indebted to Messrs Shiell -
and Don, clerks to the South Esk District Board, for the following state-
meut showing the cost of the formation of the sewage farm (£1123,
8s. 8d.), and a balance-sheet of the income and expenditure in connection
with it for year ending 15th May 1889—
SEWAGE FARM (Extent about 15 Imperial Acres).
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE DURING YEAR ENDING 15TH May 1889.
Income,
By amount of Receipts for Grass sold, —. 5 ; ee i tree eh |
;, “ Mashley sold, ; P . 162 0
, a Mangold sold, : d ; 8° 5 0
- A Turnips sold, . : 32 6 8
vA ‘i Cabbage, Carrots, Peas, etc., sold, : 12 16 9
ss sf Manure sold, . , 914 6
Debit Balance, 39 4 74
£168 18 54
cubated ot pags a acer RO belle iain A Ase a ea a od bi:
ig
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 11
Expenditure. } | |
To Rent. . : ‘ , i eed 10-0 tha’
$522 OXORs i, f } f ‘ ; x 313 64
»» Wages, . : va ; ; 6217 0
», Horse Work, . ¢ ; : , 21.10 12
», seeds and Plants, B B40
», Furnishings and Incidental Expenses, O11 6
s ld measuring : 010 6
£168 18 54 ey)
; EXPENSES INCURRED IN THE ForMATION oF SewAaGE FARM IN th
is THE YEARS 1882 AND 1883. “
| To Sum paid to Contractor for laying out and forming Sewage Farm, £1026 7 7. mea
1 », Sum paid to Inspector over the Works, . F d 80 0 0 php )
», Sum paid for Erection of Tool House, . pW mee SA ao
| ‘ aa | | Total, £1128 8 8 a
| It will be observed from this balance-sheet that nothing is debited for | he
| interest on outlay ; but without this there is shown to be a loss of £39, a
} 4s, 74d. upon the year’s operations. ie -
The following are the rentals of the fisheries in the district of the “Rentals of | the
South Esk, inside and outside the estuary, for the years 1885, 1886, Fisheriesin aA
1887, and 1888, kindly furnished to me by the Distriet Board. * Boath Esk ane
istrict. ae
, a
¥ _ RENTALS OF THE SALMON FisHERIES IN THE DisTRICT OF THE i
. River Sour Esk, P ;
a L. Fisheries outside of Estuary Line. ic.
Ne For Years ; ‘ x
ames i hate
a Bhi ; 1885. | 1886. | 1887. | 1888, fe,
a | | BL dee hee ole SEN i
_ | Dunninald, .« | Mrs Charlotte Arkley or Smyth | eat
ce and Mrs Elizabeth Arkley or ae
| Stansfield, Dunninald, B70" 57E fb B AO 5580 ee
a Rossie, Joseph Johnston and Sons, Mon- 1 ee
b- cs trose, and James J ohnston and ) ag
a i William Douglas Johnston, in- - ) F,
‘ef | r dividual partners of said firm, 500 | 575 |. 575-| ‘575 xs
Ss Usan, George Keith, Hsq., of. Usan, , Ae
. Arta Hane Montrose, 275 | 325 | 325 | 235 iia
i. Lunan, . William Blair Imrie, Esq. nn afi ’
— Lunan, Arbroath, "150, | 200.) 200°). “200
’ Ethie Haven, . } The Earl of Northesk, Tainan
. Lunan Bay, | Bay, Arbroath, : 184 184 184 |} 184
Lunan Bay, . | The Earl of. Dalhousie, Brechin
bah iat by Castle, . 125.) 225°} 125 1.125
Dysart, . Misses Agnes, Magdalene, and
| Elizabeth ee - Crago,
Montrose, ; 30 10 30 30
- Dysart, The Crown, 170 | 170} 170} 170
an 3 Total, 2004 | 2159 | 2179 | 2197
Py aie eB BG 1 ; IS AL :
12 Appendices to Highth Annual Report
Il. River Fisheries inside of Estuary Line.
For Years
of rae ti Names of Proprietors.
1885, | 1886, | 1887, | 1888.
£ £ £ £
Brechin, etc.,. | The Earl of Dalhousie, Brechin
Castle, . ; ‘ 20 20 20 20
Murthill, . | Thomas Wedderburn Ogilvy,
Esq., of Coul, and others, ° 20 20 20; 20
Dunj. . TE RU Bo fg sai Erskine, Esq., .
of Dun, . 55 65 65 65
Cortachy, etc., | The Earl of Airlie, Cortachy .
Castle, . 20 20 20 20
Downiepark, . | The Earl of Airlie, Cortachy }
Castle, . 20 20 20
Kinnaird, ~. | The Earl of Southesk, Kinnaird
Castle, . 375 | 375 | 375 | 375
Aldbar, . . | Patrick ‘Chalmers, Esq., Aldbar
Castle, . 20 |. 20 20 20
Careston, » | John Adamson, Esq. % Careston '
Castle, . 20 20 20 20
Finhaven, . | Charles Greenhill Gardyne, Esq., a
of Finhaven, . 20 20 20 20
Clova, etc., . | Mrs Ann Sarah Ogilvy of Clova, . ; 20 20 20 20
Inshewan, etc., | John Ogilvy, Esq., of Inshewan, 20 20 20 20
Rossie, . . | Joseph Jonnston & SOM! 285 | 300] 3800} 300
Usan, . . | George Keith of Usan, : : 25 25 25 25
Total, ; 930 945 945 925
ABSTRAOT.
1. Fisheries outside of Estuary Line, . ‘ . | 2004 | 2159 | 2179 | 2179
2. Fisheries inside of Estuary Line, . ; - | 9380] 945 | 945) 925
Total, . | 2934 | 3104 | 3124 | 3104
From the answers to the printed queries by the South Esk District
Board, I select the following :—The take of fish has generally increased
during the past seven years. It is difficult to assign the cause of the
increase. 1889, however, was a bad fishing season. No information is
given as to the number of fish caught in 1889. But the largest salmon
caught by net and coble was 46 lbs.; by fixed nets, 46 lbs.; and by rod,
31 lbs. Protection is stated to be generally efficient. The watchers are
not members of the County Constabulary force, but are employed by and
subject to the District Board. Eight men, including superintendent, are
generally employed in close time. There is some illegal fishing in the
district. From six to eight prosecutions annually; but there were only
three in 1888-9, The offences are generally taking or fishing or salmon
in close time or for killing smolts.
The following is the statement with regard to the artificial obstructions
in the district :—
There are three principal dams in the district, viz.:—(1) At Kinnaird, (2)
East Mill, Brechin, and (3) Brechin Castle Dam for Paper Mill and East
Bleachfield, Brechin. There are other minor dams at Blackiemill, Finavon,
and Murthill. But the dikes in these latter are low in height and. unimpor-
tant. There are no cruives. Except at Kinnaird, there are no hecks—other-
wise, provisions of by-laws observed. Hecks intenled to be placed at Finavon.
A salmon-ladder has been recently placed in Brechin Castle Dike which
answers its purpose well, All the other dikes are fairly pecpble without
regular ladders.
a il
- ,
~~,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. ag
With regard to natural obstructions, it is stated that :— Printed
Queries.
There are no natural obstructions which prevent ascent of fish, except at
Noran Falls, on a tributary of the South Esk, But the spawning grounds
above these are not important. It is considered that it would be important
for Boards to have compulsory powers of attaching a fish-pass to a waterfall,
failing an agreement with the proprietor. Similar powers would also, be
advantageous for purchasing, for removal, any dam, weir, cruive, or other
fixed engines, for benefit of Fisheries. Compensation should, of course, be
iven to the proprietor affected, as might be fixed judicially. Proprietors of
isheries, to extent of four-fifths in number and value, would require to
_ approve of each purchase.
When I first inspected the South Esk in 1870, along with the late Mr
Buckland, it was.a very polluted river ; but since then it has been greatly
improved. The following is the answer to the query relating to Pollu-
tions :— | |
The River South Esk, in past years, has been considerably polluted by the
town sewers and public works. It has, however, been greatly improved since
an action was raised against the Town and mill-owners. The case is still
pending. Various operations have been done by direction of the Court, with
the view of stopping the pollution. In particular, the Town established a
sewage farm with the view of stopping the pollution. Ponds were made by
the mill-owners, and the greater part of the Town drainage and polluted matter
at the public works is carried to the sewage farm.
Previously to 1886 there was scarcely any salmon disease in the South
Esk. But in 1886-7 and 1887-8 it was very bad. At present there is
no disease. It is thought that more specific powers should be given for
the removal and destruction of diseased fish.
In answer to the general question at the end of the printed queries, it
is suggested :—
That all dam dikes and obstructions should be measured and the measure-
ments scheduled in an Act of Parliament. This would prevent disputes about
the increase made to height of dams and weirs.
At the close of the fishing season of 1889, I issued a Circular containing pyintea
printed queries to District Board clerks, proprietors and lessees of salmon Queries,
fishings, and others interested in, or acquainted with our Salmon and
Trout Fisheries, of which the following is a copy.
y . Take of Fish.
Has the take of fish in your district increased or diminished? To what cause do
you attribute such increase or diminution—
_ (a) In tidal waters ?
(b) In fresh waters ?
(c) In fixed engines? .
(d) Generally throughout the district ?
Can you give the number of fish caught in your district—
(a) By net and coble 2
(b) By fixed engines ?
(c) By rods ?
At what period of the year in your district—
(a) Are the first clean fish taken ?
(b) Is the main take of salmon ?
(c) Do the grilse run ?
What was the weight of the heaviest salmon or trout caught in your district in
18 a !
2 By net and coble ?
3 By fixed engines ?
(c) By rods ? .
=_—-—s
7 a
14 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
Printed Annual and Weekly Close Times.
siemens 1. Are the Bye-Laws regulating the observance of the annual and weekly close
times by net and coble, and by stake, fly, and bag nets, strictly observed in
your district? If not, can you suggest any means which would conduce to
their stricter observance.
2. Is the period fixed for the commencement and termination of the annual close —
time in your district satisfactory? If not, what change would you suggest ?
Protection.
Is the system of protection in your district efficient? Are the men employed as
river-watchers members of the County Constabulary Force, or are they
employed by, and subject to the District Board? State the number of
water bailiffs employed in your district.
Mlegal Fishing.
Is illegal fishing prevalent in your district? Were any prosec tions instituted
under the Salmon Fishery Acts in 1889 ; if so, for what offences were they
instituted, and what has been their result?
Artificial Obstructions to the Passage of Salmon.
1, Mention the dams and cruives in your district, and state whether they are
worked in accordance with the provisions of the ey (Schedules F and
G) regulating the same.
2. Are there salmon-ladders or passes on all the dams and weirs in your district ;
and if so, do they afford at all times a at passage to salmon wishing to
ascend ?
Natural Obstructions to the Passage of Salmon.
1. Mention the natural obstructions in the shape of waterfalls in your district
which prevent the ascent of salmon. State whether there are good and
extensive spawning grounds above them, and give your opinion as to the
best mode of opening up such spawning grounds, by attaching a salmon-
ladder to the fall ; by blasting it ; or by a combination of the two methods.
2. At present District ‘Boards, under the 13th Section of the Salmon Fisheries
Act of 1868, have power ‘to attach a fish-pass to a waterfall by agreement
with the proprietor. There is no compulsory power, similar to that which
is conferred, under certain conditions, on Boards of Conservators in England
by Section 49 of the Salmon Fisheries Act of 1873. Would you be in —
favour of giving such compulsory power ; and if so, under what conditions
and restrictions ?
Pollutions.
Are any of the streams in your district contaminated by pollutions? If so,
mention them, state the nature of the pollution, whether it is increasing or
diminishing, and also whether any steps have been taken by the polluters to
neutralise the pollution before returning the water used by them into the
river.
The Salmon Disease.
1. Has the salmon disease shown itself in your district ? If so, when did it first
make its appearance? Has it attacked kelts only, or both kelts and clean
fish? Is it increasing or diminishing ?
2. Have you formed any opinion as to what has caused it, and what wilh prevent
or cure it ?
3. Do you think that there is sufficient provision made in the Acts of 1862 and
1868 to authorise District Boards to order their watchers to remove from the
rivers and bury or burn diseased fish ; or do you think that more specific
authority should be given in a future Act } ; ;
4, Generally, have you any remarks or suggestions to make with fs came to the
salmon disease ?
re a - y ' 1a ? “> tie i
is 7 so f v. . a. * er : : > ¥”
‘Viale tt er ' a ’ ate 7 ¢ 5 | me ie ” oe | a2 four ei ete
ek pn sain oil Ula oo A ek SN ca a ae aa
4 " ye ; ' ‘ . (
= 4
ies
ro. >)
é i 7)
. 7 7
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 15
4 Artificial Propagation of Salmon.
‘Is there any hatchery in your district for the artificial propagation of salmon and
trout, either belonging to the District Board or supported by private enter-
prise ? If so, describe its situation, and state how many fish can be hatched
out in it annually.
General Questoon.
Are there any other points relating to the Salmon Fisheries in your district to
| which you would wish to direct the attention of the Board, in addition to
| those suggested by the preceding queries ?
) To the above Queries I received the following answers :—
RIVER TAY.
The clerks to the Tay District Board write as follows :—The take of fish in
our district has diminished for some years, which we attribute to defects in the
present annual and weekly close times ; the destruction of smolts in spring by
so-called sparling-nets ; and the use of hang-nets in the estuary. The former
| have been partially interdicted from 25th September to 25th February, and
9 the latter are again before the Court of Session.
As to the take of salmon, they estimate it at 28,000 salmon and
12,000 grilse by net and coble ; 5000 salmon and 2300 grilse by fixe
nets ; and 1500 salmon and 500 grilse by rods. :
At all seasons there are some clean fish in the Tay. The main take as
to number is in July and August, as to value perhaps in February, when
the price is highest. :
| The largest salmon caught in the Tay in 1889 were one of 67 lbs., by
net, and a good number from 40 to 45 lbs. By rod 57, 55, and 47 lbs.
The present annual close time pleases nobody. It is too much cramped by
the statutory 168 days of close time. These now begin on 27th August, which
necessitates deferring the commencement to 11th February, which is nearly a
month too late. The principal proprietors were willing to give a 48 hours
weekly close time, and prohibit nets above a certain point if the season were
extended at both ends, especially in spring. But their proposed Bill was
opposed. . /
Phe protection is by men under the Tay District Board. Eight constables
are employed in the open, and from 22 to 26 in the close season, and they
have the advantage of a steam launch, which keeps the poachers in their holes.
The artificial obstructions in the district of the Tay are :—
On the Earn, the dam and cruives at Dupplin, and dam at Dornoch; on
Ericht, several mill-dams at Blairgowrie, for which there are two salmon-
ladders, which have been inoperative from the fish not getting over the natural
obstruction of the Keith. The natural obstructions are Falls of Tummel,
Keith at Blairgowrie, and on tributaries of the Isla. |
Would be in favour of giving compulsory power to District Boards to
attach a fish-pass to natural obstructions, similar to that which is con-
ferred, under certain conditions, on Boards of Conservators in England,
by section 49 of the Salmon Fisheries Act of 1873, ‘under condition that
_ * the pass shall not be a deformity.’
There is ‘A Hatchery’ at Dupplin capable of hatching four or five
hundred thousand fish. It has hatched 350,000 on glass grills.
In answer to the general questions at the end of the queries, the clerks
i to the Tay District Board write as follows :—
A ht 4 Ade 4 '
;
’
'
‘ Ww
a : F aay
F , J mi ‘
16 Appendices to Highth Annual Report
When opinions regarding salmon differ so widely, it would be desirable that
opportunity should be afforded for a tentative experience of annual close time,
which might be provided for by Act of Parliament, and confided to the pro- As
prietors and Fishery Board to be sanctioned by the Scotch Secretary. Parlia-_
ment will not pass an opposed Salmon Bill, and opposition is sure to arise from —
some quarter to any proposal, and for this reason, if it were proved to be a mis-
take, there would be no chance of 1ts being remedied and altered.
NORTH ESK.
From the answers to the printed queries by the North Esk District
Board, which their clerk, Mr Dickson, has kindly sent me, I extract the
following :—It is thought that there has been an increase in the take of
salmon in the district, owing to protection and killing kelt trouts, by whom
the salmon fry are devoured. :
The heaviest salmon taken in the district in 1889 by net and coble was —
35 lbs., the heaviest by fixed engines 54 lbs., and the heaviest by rod
40 lbs. Buta kelt fish was found dead in an upper pool, in November,
weighing 58 lbs. In good condition its weight was estimated at 70 lbs.
It is probably the largest fish ever got in the river.
The system of protection is stated to be efficient. The bailiffs are em-
ployed by the District Board. There are 12 in the close season, and 3 in
the open season. Lesides these bailiffs’ there are also several watchers
appointed by the Tacksmen between Ist January and the commencement
of the fishing season. There were three or four cases of prosecution in
1889. The offenders were people connected with the works on the water-
side. The offences were clipping and dragging salmon, and were held
roven.
; There are no cruives on the North Esk. The artificial obstructions are
(1) Morphie dam, (2) Craigo dam, (3) Pert dam. They are worked in
accordance with the Bye-Law (Schedule G). !
The natural obstructions on the North Esk are the Loups, about 16
miles from the sea, above which there are Loch Lee and good spawning
grounds. In answer to the question regarding giving compulsory powers
to District Boards to attach a fish-pass to waterfalls, the answer is :—Yes,
under conditions and restrictions varying according to the special cireum-
starzes of each case.
With reference to the salmon disease, it is stated it appeared about
the end of October, both before and after spawning. It is increased. It
is thought that it may be caused by ‘sniggering,’ which tears and otherwise
injures the salmon. ‘The North Esk District Board have always removed
and buried diseased fish. Special authority, however, might be given in
a future Act.
The members of the District Board are unanimously of opinion that
‘sniggering’ should be suppressed ; and it is suggested that all fish hooked
behind the gills should be returned to the river.
BERVIE. }
The Bervie is a small salmon river a little to the north of the North
Esk. ‘The fishings are said to be fairly satisfactory. Salmon are rarely
taken by rod and line in the river, as they seldom enter it during the
netting season, it being in general too low. The largest fish killed by
net and coble in 1889 was 10 lbs., by fixed engines 48 lbs. a
The bailiffs are employed by the District Board ; a superintendent and
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 17
four bailiffs during the close season, and one watcher during the open
season, ) ; ries
There are no cruives on the Bervie. There is one dam dike. The
Board do not insist upon the Bye-Laws being strictly observed. They
think it better that the fish should have the chance of passing up the mill-
lade, and besides the lade itself is used for spawning. The present pass
on the dam is not considered efficient, and the Board have in contempla-
tion the construction of a new one. Thar are no natural obstructions to
the passage of salmon.
The salmon disease appeared recently, and hitherto there have not been
many cases. Power should be expressly given to remove diseased fish.
Ay of aR eer SPEY
_ I have much pleasure in ‘gubmiliting the following Annual Report by
the Superintendent laid before the ieeting held ia Elgin on 18th October
1889, for which I am indebted to Messrs Cooper and Wink, Clerks and a
Treasurers to the aieiborhg Board of this important river :—
(f, aibaieba Spawning. oss!
The following Tables show the dates of the first appearance of salmon
spawning beds, ‘and the number seen and counted by the bailiffs during the
last two spawning seasons of 1887-88 and 1888-89 on the following named bab
_ streams or tributaries, viz.:— ee,
Mes
\ ’
eres 1887-88.
d Name of Stream. aa | Spawning Commenced. ye ica, % :
Fiddich, i d ; 21st October, 1887 920 — | a
NOM tors. WR Eo ere 22nd October, 1887 } | ay
Pe eh EM TM oa OF LOG te
Conglass, é : raRey i + 1460 ahs
Lochy, H % re rg ° ” J fan a
Dulnain, ye lta abd 13th October, 1887 521 | ‘
Rime Peel y! yh FRE “ackl) IO, 15th October, 1887 220 » aa
me Prato} ei Geet See algo! eo 20H Oetober 1887) A te
9 Feshie, ... . Shy Be oo dehy Octo ber):1887 L 668 | pace ivi
by Dromniey) (4. ha teshifempaes % Cee
or Truim, .. : : j aa J Das
ie Spey (above. Lag ggan, Badenoch), 15th October, 1887 60 | ig
| | ‘ Total, 3849 Spawning Beds. se
; 1888-89.
ue e*) Name of Stream. ~ sae Spawning Commenced. A aaa tera gs “sh rae
_ Fiddich, eiielauieelaaun <n. Sbla October, 1888...) 1045 Rhy :
ae RIDE UN aie inch Uatartad ofr 24th September, 1888 1338
LES ae i Pan Ra 11th October, 1888 679
- Congas PERE CPE MSE ate 13th October, 1888 358
MRC e hh Mate eee yy BORD October, 1888 164
‘pra ee z . ‘ : 10th October, 1888 651
m= Nethy, . : J a te. ts 2Ane October, 1888 286
TE SUR OE SMR ASR adn October, 1888 336
Mi pease... ye ded) adv raat, ASth October, 1888... . 447
PeeaPOnte, ; . . «11th October, 1888 125
‘Truim, | 10th October, 1888 118
_ Spey (above Laggan, Badenoch), - 9th October, 1888 90
ee
bes He (ih ti | Total, 5637 Spawning Beds.
as: o Sere: t Mindi over last year, 1788 Spawning “a
GRE
Be
a ¢ i 5 ial ~
7
]
:
-?
a]
g
;
ae ‘+o
18 Appendices to Highth Annwal Report — ay Res
. ~
It will be seen that in the above Table for the year 1887-88 the returns for Be a
the spawning beds on Avon and the Avon tributaries are given in the aggregate.
This is also the case with the tributaries of the Spey above Abernethy. I
however, made the sergeant bailiffs last year make a return to me each week
of the exact number of new spawning beds wrought on each individual stream
throughout their respective beats, and this mode will be continued in future.
Last year was certainly among the best spawning seasons ever witnessed on the .
Spey tributaries. The early spawning on the tributaries commenced on! some
of the streams almost a month earlier than has been the case for a number of
years back. It must be understood that on some of these, especially the Avon,
the figures given above do not give the absolute number of spawning beds
which had been wrought by fish on the streams. As, for instance, on the
Avon, Dulnain, Feshie, and Livet, from 10th until 26th November—being the
height of spawning season—there was no sight to be got by the bailiffs of what
was going on in the way of spawning in consequence of high, brown water,
and it is only reasonable to conclude that during that time there must have
been a large number of fish which formed beds, spawned, and left the beds
again before the water settled down to allow a sight of them to be procured.
It will be seen by the figures that the increase of spawning beds over last year
on the tributaries alone is 1788, which is considerably over a third in increase.
On the Fiddich the increase over last year is 125 beds; Avon, Livet, Conglass,
and Lochy, 1079 beds; Dulnain, 180; Nethy, 66; Druie, Feshie, Tromie, and
Truim, 358; and Spey (above Lagean, Badenoch), 30 beds. There are several
small streams or burns which feed the Spey or other tributaries, such. as Aber-
lour, Pitcroy, Tervie, Tulchan, Cromdale, &c., burns, in which grilse and sea- |
trout frequently spawn during the month of Octoler or first part of November.
Last season, during the above-mentioned time these burns cid not increase in
voluine of water above that of their normal size, and, in consequence of this,
there were few fish spawned in any of them during last season. The appear-
ance of spawning on the river Spey was very good, and up to the average of —
previous years. In the Garmouth or Speymouth district the spawning com-
’menced unusually early, and in numbers far exceeded previous seasons. The
spawning continued on Spey until about the end of February. No damage
was done during the season to spawning beds from ice. There were two spates
on the river during the season, the first of these being on 22nd November, and
the other from 18th till 20th February. Some damage was done to spawning
beds on the Dulnain and Spey by the first or November spate, but concerning the
second or February one I do not consider that much, if any, damage was done
in any of the streams, as the rise of the water came on gradually until it gained
its maximum height, and no ice accompanied the flood. pr
rt
- IT.—Full Force of Bailiff.
The full force of bailiffs or Spey police is constituted as follows, viz.:—The
Superintendent, stationed at Aberlour; the Inspector, stationed at Grantown ;
and forty-two constables. Eight of said constables hold the rank of sergeant, —
and the following are their respective districts—Garmouth, Craigellachie, Bal-
lindalloch, Upper Avon, Grantown, Duthil, Invereshie, and Kingussie. The |
full foree of men are on duty from middle of October until end of November,
at which time commencement to reduce the force begins in the higher reaches —
of the district. It would be confusing to attempt to state the number of con- |
stables and the different beats of same under each sergeant, as there is scarcely —
a week passes but some of the men have to be removed from one district to —
another, as different districts have their different spawning spurts, and must
be attended to accordingly. : 7
ITI.—Kelts or Foul Fish. re rertl \g
Kelts were as numerous in the Spey as in former years, and continued until =
into the month of April. (PEMOLE
¢
mire it ™
RAIN & =
ela
SY ae VOU Ga
ee”)
me -- I1V.—Smolt Season. | 4
There were eleven men 6n duty protecting smolts over the whole district of
Spey and tributaries during the smolt season, and they were stationed as
/
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 19
follows :—Fochabers, one man; beat—Speymouth to Boat of Brig. Rothes,
one man; beat—Boat of Brig to Craigellachie. Dufftown, one man; beat—
Fiddich from Newton to top, and the Dullan stream. Aberlour, one man and
aa Superintendent ; beat—Spey from Bridge of Callie to Craigellachie, and Fiddich
_ __ to Bridge of Newton. Advyie, one man; beat-—Spey from Bridge of Callie to
Dalvey, and Lower Avon to Tommore. Glenlivet, one man; beat—Livet and
centre of Avon. Lynagarrie, one man; beat-—-Upper Avon, Conglass, and
Lochy. Grantown, the Inspector; beat—Spey from Dalvey to Dulnain.
Duthil, one man; beat—Dulnain, Nethy, and Spey from Dulnain mouth to |
Aviemore. Kingussie, one man; beat—Spey about and beyond Newtonmore,
_ _ Fesbie, and Tromie. Crathie, Lagan, one man; beat—Truim, and Spey from
Truim mouth to Loch Spey. Twelve dozen of printed notices, cautioning
_—__— persons against taking or killing smolts or’the young of salmon, were posted
up at conspicuous places along the sides of the Spey and tributaries over the
-_whole district. The constable at Fochabers was an extra man to the usual
8 force. This district was formerly left unwatched, and large numbers of smolts
a were being killed by anglers. The time that the smolt watchers were on duty
was six weeks, nine of them going on duty on 22nd April, and leaving off duty
- on Ist June; two of them going on duty on 29th April, and coming off duty on
8th June. |
There was a good appearance of descending smolts over the whole district,
und there were no difficulties met with on the part of the bailiffs in getting
anglers to use caution against killing the smolts.
V.— Disease among Fish. —
With the exception of the Fiddich, there was not more than the usual
amount of fungoid disease observable among the salmon during the winter or
late spawning season. On the Fiddich, however, the disease was very preva-
lent, and from the said stream there was a very heavy ‘death rate” From 8th
~ December 1888 till 8th February 1889 (two months), between the mouth of
_ Fiddich and Dufftown, 43 miles, no fewer than 134 dead fungoid diseased
salmon were removed from the water and buried by the bailiffs. Some of
_ these fish had not even commenced to spawn, others were half spawned, and
~ some—the most part—were fully spawned. The disease generally commences
to show itself about the middle of December among the late spawning fish, and
is more confined to large, heavy old fish which remain about old spawning beds
_ for a considerable time after their having spawned, than in young salmon and
grilse. The first appearance or symptom of the disease on the affected fish is
the appearance of one or more small white spots along the back. The spots
grow more numerous and larger in size as the disease advances, and they begin
to le in still ebb water at the edge of the river, and become very timid.
~ When they are in this stage it is sometimes the case that their head and eyes
are covered with the spots, making them blind on one eye, and sometimes upon
both eyes, and they will be found lying in so shallow ebb water that little
more than their noses are below water, and they will allow you to go up to
__ them and carry them out of the water. They are certain to die in a few days
when they are thus far gone with the disease, and instead of allowing them to
__ lie in the water in this state and attract public attention, the bailiffs are m-
structed to remove, kill, and bury them. Ninety per cent. of the fish that
y.
a
_.asoft adhesive nature, and vary in size, beginning about the size of a three-
penny piece, and extending to that of a penny piece. It will rub off quite
easily with the point of the finger, andwhen off does not seem to have. pene-
vi trated much further than the depth of the skin. It is, however, when the
____ disease enters the gills of the fish that the fatal effect takes place. As soon as
__ this organ shows signs of disease it becomes a disordered mass, causing death
_ inavery short period. Concerning the disease on ¢he Fiddich last year, as
mentioned above, the disease spread very rapidly, and many of the fish found
_ dead had (with the exception of the gills) scarcely any spots or marks of the
__ disease over their bodies, and in some cases died on their spawning beds, which
proved that it could not have been more than from one to three days previous
ve mat. they had pushed their way up the stream from the Spey healthy fish.
_ The Fiddich during last spawning season remained very small in size, coupled
with this being the fact that the water of the stream runs through and over a
a
“
°
4
‘
pay
.
take the disease are males. The white spots that appear on their bodies are of |
se
Fy
properly adhered to over the district during the year. ff a
The sea-coast and river salmon net fishing opened. on February Lith, ‘aud ae
20 Appendices to Highth Annual Report : h 5 : 4
great quantity of limestone, and as lime or anything approaching the a ie aN a s
of lime is poisonous or injurious to fish, the two foregoing facts might
reasonably entertained to having a good deal of effect upon the high death rate
infectious when fish become contiguous with other diseased ones. The stream.
being so small during the winter months, and the number of spawning fish
being so large, it made it evident by the rate that the fish died that the ter
was for a short time in a contaminated state.
VI.—Poaching during the Year. tes alae
If there was a large increase of spawning over the district during the \ rea’, I
am glad to say there was moreso of a decrease in poaching. The Avon: istrict
(in former years always prominent in such lawless pursuits) seemed not to
have forgotten the results of their former year’s experiences, notwithstanding
that in said locality a larger or more tempting show of spawning fish have not —
for a number of years arrayed themselves in such an aggravating position before
the gaze of the covetous poachers of the district, as that of last spawning season.
Despite this, there was not the least appearance of poaching in the district
during the whole of the season. Two members of the Lochy band of poachers
of 1887 are still at large, they having never returned to the district since they
absconded. AY ADE
General Remarks.
The Bye-Laws as to hecks, dam-dikes, and sluices on mill-lades were all
closed on 26th August. On each occasion pt visits to the coast I. Rays the
weekly close time well attended to, when the weather and sea Denniston the
same to be carried out.
The alteration made last year, in having three bailiffs stationed in the Spey- |
mouth and Fochabers district, instead of the previous mode of watching in
said section, has given every satisfaction, and during the e.year there was ine es
slightest appearance of poaching in said ‘district.
GEO. K. MACGREGOR, Superintendent
ABSTRACT OF ACCOUNT CHARGE AND DISCHARGE OF CLERKS’ Iwrko- |
MISSIONS, YEAR 1888-89. ale gk aes
L—CHARGE, tri iter ould: eye
To Fishery Assessment on £10,664, Bs. of Rental, at 1s. Lod. LOTT 1 12
», Fines, &c., recovered, . . reed (08d Wied
» Arrear of ‘Assessment recovered, i uae ut 4 116.8
» Due to Royal Bank at close of this Account, - Ys di ¢ 29) Vb >
| £10150. 8
ILE DISCHARGE, ty Sinton ovieadbe don aay
By Wages to Bailiffs and Inspector for year, . . . | £672 6. "ay
% Superintendent and his 43 paioae ; J fAe FSC OOMGD Berea
», Legal Proceedings, f i ‘ 440g 3h BIST oe Mee: ae
3 Clerks’ Salaryand ‘Outlays, uooell i Seat is ayraie sworn peeTe ing ae
», Miscellaneous Pa¥ments, : Cioaia<- borrg’ TORE YRS £0 cae
», Advances on account of ensuing year, . | ot gods SSSNBIES
»» Due to Royal Bank, carried from last Account, 2" onl ieldiyy') 82 s 8
Equal to Charge, po. £1015 001 8
-
COOPER & WINK, Clerks and Treasurers. @ :
Excin, 18th October 1889, sip es anh be anna wc
VM
one {
and disease on the Fiddich. There i is little or no doubt but that the disease is
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 21
‘od In their answers to the printed queries by the Spey District Board,
it is stated that the fishings have diminished to a small extent in tidal
'__ waters, and to a great extent in fresh waters, and this latter diminution
they; attribute ‘to low water and breaking of river into several streams of
‘small dimensions by operations of Great North of Scotland Railway
g ‘Company at their Viaduct across the Spey.’ The weight of the heaviest
Ba salmon caught by net and coble in 1889 is said to be not known, but
i. — the heaviest caught by rod was 45 lbs. The system of watching is stated
to be efficient. There are 42 constables and sergeants, with Inspector
a and Superintendent. There were four successful prosecutions for salmon
- -~ poaching in 1889.
ie _ In-answer to the query regarding artificial obstructions, the reply is
that there are no cruives on the Spey, but numerous dams on tributaries.
The Bye-law respecting hecks, dam qs and sluices, is said to be ‘ duly
‘ observed.’
I can quite corroborate what is stated above with regard to the damage
done to the salmon fishings in the Spey by the operations in connection
-_-with the construction of the Viaduct of the Great North of Scotland Rail-
way across the Spey ; as I carefully inspected that part of the river in the
beginning of October last. The Viaduct has been so constructed as to
convert what was formerly a compact, concentrated stream of water, up
which salmon could always swim, into a number of scattered, shallow
streams, which, when the river is low, do not afford a free passage to
bed of the river, and then there would have been in floods an equal
distribution of gravel instead of a heavy accumulation at certain points.
There should not have been, as there are now, 1300 feet of embankment
and 950 feet of openings, unless the original intention of forcing the river
to pass through the middle span of 350 feet, and maintaining it “there, had
been followed out. It seems generally admitted that the Spey, as a salmon
_ river, between the Viaduct and the sea, has been materially injured by
the operations of the railway. The deep-channel on the right or eastern
bank that I remember in 1870 and in 1883, in which was concentrated
most of the water in the river, has been quite changed for the worse, and,
instead of it, there are a multitude of shallow channels spread across the
whole breadth of the river bed. There were five streams below the em-
_ bankment when I examined the river; and instead of the greatest body
of water passing under the central arch of the Viaduct, as was stipulated
and intended, the chief current was flowing through the side arches, which
__ were meant only as a relief to the centre arch in times of flood.
ald mbril ; RIVER FINDHORN.,
Romat oe: ft : /
_. The fishing throughout the district of the Findhorn is stated to have
_ been an average one, but the number of fish is not given, ‘as lessees are
_ ‘unwilling to supply information of this nature.’ The largest salmon
caught by net and coble was 35 lbs.; the largest by fixed nets 50 lbs.; and
a the largest by rod 28 Ibs. The Bye-laws are well observed, and the system
of protection is efficient. One head constable and 2 permanent water
bailiffs are employed by the Board ; and during the spawning season,
: i about 20 watchers are. employed and paid by the Board for about 6
_ weeks. There has been no prosecution for many years, and illegal fishing
ape not ee There has never been any salmon disease in the
ndhorn. — i bas
alae. a :
Pek. ‘
Elian There ought to have been a Bion of arches across the whole —
22 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
RIVER NESS.
In the answers from the Ness Board it is stated that for the last ten
years the average take of fish has been pretty equal. As to the number
of fish caught, the reply is: —‘ We have no means of getting at this.’ The
largest salmon taken by net and coble in 1889 weighed 40 Ibs., and the
largest by rod was 36 lbs. The Bye-laws are said to be strictly observed,
and if there is any breach it is punished. The present opening of the
rod fishing is 11th February, but it is mentioned that ‘Certain members -
‘of the Board would prefer it to open on 18th January and close on 30th
‘September.’ As to protection, ‘the system is considered efficient. There
‘is 1 superintendent, 3 permanent river watchers, and, in close time,
‘2 and sometimes 3 extra. They are employed by and subject to the
‘ Board. No constabulary are employed.’
Regarding fixed engines, the Board writes as follows :—‘ There are
‘ frequent complaints of the use of fixed engines, but it has been difficult
‘to procure evidence. One case was, however, established, interdict was
‘ obtained, and the party found liable in expenses. The Board regret the
‘absence of machinery, in the Salmon Acts, enabling them to deal with
‘ fishing by fixed engines.’
The pass on the waterfall at the mouth of the river Moriston—by far
the most important work of the kind in Scotland—is said to work well ;
but an obstruction is mentioned ‘ situated on the river Doe, falling into
‘the Moriston below Ceanacrock Lodge. Blasting is all that is required.
‘ There is excellent spawning ground above it.’ It is stated ‘that there
‘has been practically no salmon disease on the Ness.’ Regarding pollu-
tion, it is mentioned that ‘there has been a long-standing complaint
‘ that the river Ness has been polluted by sewage. Several years ago the
‘ Board of Supervision intervened, but no action was taken. The town
_ has adopted a new system of drainage, and the ground of complaint,
‘ although not entirely, is considerably abated.’
There are two Hatcheries in the Ness District—hoth of which are
private property. One at Invermoriston, at a place called Blairy, which
is capable of hatching out 180,000 fish annually. The other is at Glen-
quoich, and has a hatching capacity of about 100,000.
The Superintendent of the Ness District Board ‘considers that the * Wild
‘ Birds Protection Act’ should be repealed. In this I entirely agree
with him, both for the sake of salmon and herrings.’ In our Report
of 1878, on the Herring Fisheries of Scotland, after a careful consideration
of the evidence laid before us on the subject, Mr Buckland, Mr Walpole,
and myself were unanimous in recommending that ‘ The Sea Birds
‘ Preservation Act, protecting gannets and other predacious birds which
‘ cause a great annual destruction of herrings, should be repealed so foe
‘as it applies to Scotland.’
ABERDEENSHIRE DEE,
It is stated that there was a great falling off in the take of fish during .
1889, ‘owing to the general scarcity of salmon in the pools-over the early _
‘months of the season. Salmon came later in the spawning season in
‘abundance.’ There are 9 water-bailiffs. ‘There are no obstructive
dams on the Dee—fish-passes affording free ascent at. all times. It is
suggested that a stringent measure should be passed to keep the: pools
clear of dead and diseased fish.
PLAS POR ee Ue ed
: *. i ‘ 4 NA. ont “
er he ; , 7° -_-* \ v r
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. — 23
RIVER YTHAN.
In the Fite, there appears to have been a general diminution in the
. take of fish throughout the district during the year 1889. The following
ficures of the number of fish caught are given, not as absolutely accurate,
but as an approximation to accuracy.
& OF By net and coble, . . 20 salmon,
o. ' By fixed engines, : i 60 ,, and 20 grilse,
By rods, . : f pCR OO. Won and 1 OF;
ia 230 salmon and 20 grilse in all. The heaviest salmon caught by net and
i, coble weighed 18 Ibs.; by fixed engines, 483 lbs.; by rod, 27 lbs, It is
bd said ‘that the Bye-laws could be better observed. There is a considerable
| ‘extent of ground for the staff of watchers. The water-bailiff suggests
tf ‘ that the time for rod-fishing should be extended for fourteen days, 1.e.,
| . ‘to 14th November. The ‘Board, in considering whether it should be
“extended to 20th November, rosolvdd by a majority to make no change.
| ‘The system of protection is fairly efficient. No watchers are employed
‘by the District Board, but a certain number of gamekeepers give
‘ gratuitous assistance. The men employed by the Board are, 1 all the
: ‘year round and 4 extra during close time. Illegal fishing is not pre-
_ ‘valent to any great extent. The number of prosecutions averages about
‘six or eight per annum. They are mostly all directed against farm
. ‘servants taking fish during the close time, and usually result in the
‘imposition of a small fine.’
‘There are several dams in the district, but there are passes on all of
them by which swimming fish can easily ascend. There are no natural
obstructions in the shape of waterfalls.
About 8 years ago, the salmon disease showed itself in the river,
attacking chiefly kelts ; but it has diminished, and is diminishing. More
specific authority should be given for removing diseased fish from rivers.
\
RIVER UGIE.
The take of fish in the river Ugie and district is said to be about the
same in 1889 as formerly. In fresh waters it was less, owing to the dry
‘weather and consequent scarcity of floods. But it was larger in fixed
engines, from the fish continuing longer in the sea owing to the dry
weather instead of running up the river. 370 sea-trout were taken
ne By net and coble; 5620 salmon and grilse were captured by fixed
engines; and 14 salmon, 23 grilse, and 2000 sea-trout were caught
by rod—certainly a most satisfactory total for so small a river as
the Ugie. The largest fish captured by net and coble weighed 27 Ibs.;
the largest in fixed nets, 44 and 45 lbs.; and the largest by rod, 24 lbs.
| _ The Bye-laws are strictly observed. The dates for the commencement
and termination of the annual close time might bea fortnight later with
advantage to the fisheries. There are 5 watchers employed by and sub-
ject to the District Board. TIlegal fishing is not of very frequent occur-
rence. In 1889 there were two prosecutions for illegal capture of salmon.
_ There are cruives on the Ugie at Inverugie, but they have not been in
. ic use for many years. ‘There are several dams on the river, the condition
of which is engaging the attention of the District Board. There are no
a ’ natural obstructions in the Ugie.
- Boards more extensive powers than they at present possess for opening
_A strong opinion is expressed as to the expediency of giving to District
a
,.
f
x
” cam PMS
24 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
up the numerous natural obstructions on our Scotch Salmon Rivers, which
at present bar the way to some hundred miles of fine spawning grounds
and to many thousand acres of lochs.
‘It hardly seems necessary,’ it is said, ‘to provide for any conditions
‘and restrictions being imposed on the exercise of a power of so much
‘ local and public utility.’
The salmon disease showed itself in the Ugie about 13 years ago;
but itis now diminishing. ‘ It is caused,’ say the Board, ‘ by scarcity of
‘ water necessitating fish collecting in large numbers in pools below mill-
‘dams, being unable to get over the dykes from scarcity of water, and
‘ fighting with each other—the sound are contaminated by contact with
‘the diseased. ‘There should be more specific authority to remove diseased
‘ fish, or utilise any other remedy or preventive.’
RIVER LOCHY.
On the West Coast of Scotland, where District Boards are few and far
between, I have received answers to the printed Queries from the Board
of the important River Lochy, which, with its principal tributary the
Spean, is reserved entirely for angling.
The take of fish during 1889 is said to have iimehen on account of
great drought in May, June and July. In the latter two months the
salmon could hardly ascend the river. The heaviest salmon caught
weighed 35 lbs.
It is stated that the Bye-laws regulating the annual and weekly close
times are not strictly observed,—-and it is suggested that ‘a small steam-
‘launch would assist very greatly in enforcing the observance of Bye-
‘ laws by stake, fly and bag-nets, and in preventing poaching by net and
‘coble. The police, coast-guard, and preventive service men should also
‘be called in to assist.’ ;
The system of protection in the Lochy is stated to be as efficient as is
consistent with reasonable outlay. The men employed as watchers are
not members of the County Constabulary force. The watchers are
appointed by the Board, but are paid by various landowners having the
use of their services. The number is 22. Illegal fishing is stated to be
prevalent on the sea-coast. One prosecution was instituted against
persons taking salmon without having a legal right to fish for them.
Three men were convicted and fined.
There are no artificial obstructions on the Lochy. The great natural
obstructions, shutting out about 40 miles of river and several lochs,
including Loch Laggan, 8 miles long, from salmon, are the Falls at
Mounessie and Inverlair, both on the Spean. It is said, BUR that
‘ both of these can be easily blasted.’
A suggestion is made ‘that fishermen, dealers, or others having salmon,
‘or fish of the salmon kind in their possession, should be put on the
‘ same footing as game-dealers, and be also obliged to give an account to
‘ watchers, or other persons in authority, how the fish came into their
‘ possession. This to apply to all seasons of the year, and the legal
‘ presumption to be against the possessor of the salmon.’
RIVER ANNAN.
I have received answers to the printed Queries from only one of the
District Boards on the Scotch side of the Solway,—that, namely, of the
important river Annan. The take of fish in tidal waters is said to have
we «
a a
pa a a ec alien el sre aah
4
,
i] ae Te A bal t A rane a, oh wf aN, dd i AE + AY few J 7 | » aii “ORL
PAYA a mae. aye Bia! Bids ae ae Pot Lap anys Ky ae) with ; Rs i y ¥ ay De
“ At ueh pee Y obl whe, es Pa ae , : j y
oa te : es A ! - Y 4 ty
tat Bs | , wal
Oe
or
. > Rete of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 2
diminished, owing to over-tishing, chiefly by the drift or whammel-nets at
present in use in the Solway. In fresh waters it has likewise fallen off
in 1889, owing to the dryness of the season, which prevented the fish
from ascending to the upper waters. No information is given with
regard to the number of fish caught in the Annan District, but it is
stated that the heaviest salmon taken by net and coble was 36 lbs. ; by
' fixed nets 36 lbs ; and by rod 30 lbs.
| The annual and weekly close times are said to be, on the whole, well
© observed, but ‘some difficulty in observing weekly close time by fixed
a ‘engines. This might be obviated by fixing the weekly close time for
‘ fixed engines as the three consecutive ebbings and flowings of the tide
‘ after 6 P.M. on each Saturday.’
3 The system of protection is stated to be ‘good, but not sufficient.
There are too few watchers, viz., 4 men appointed under section 7 of
_ __ * Police Act of 1857 (one of them acts as boatman), and an assistant is
‘employed for three months from the end of the close time for net-
_ * fishing.’ Illegal fishing has much decreased. ‘There were thirteen
eases, including twenty-two persons, in which convictions were got in
: 1889.
On the River Annan there are 6 dams; on its tributaries—the Milk,
Dryfe, Kinnell, and Ae—there are 9; and on the Kirtle water, in the
Annan district, there are 3. It is stated that ‘none of them are
‘ worked in strict accordance with Schedules F. & G., and some of them
‘have no passes or ladders.’ It is farther mentioned that ‘on a few of
“the dams there are fish-passes enabling fish to ascend except when the
‘ water is low. In several of them there are no fish-passes, and one or
“two are very high, so that it is only when the river is in flood that fish
* get over.’ sis
The salmon disease was first noticed in the Annan in 1876-7. It
distinct powers should be given to remove diseased fish from the river than
are to be found in the Acts of 1862 and 1868.
e There is a hatchery in the Annan District at Craigielands near Moffat,
belonging to James Smith, Esq., of Craigielands House. It is situated in
a small burn running from a hill behind the House, and emptying into a
pond at the house. A burn connects the pond with the river Annan,
which is about a mile off. 30,000 trout can be hatched annually in
_ this hatchery.
SUTHERLANDSHIRE RIVERS.
_ On the rivers Helmsdale, Brora, and Fleet the take of salmon is said to
have diminished, owing to the exceptionally dry season of 1889. 1626
_ salmon; 1234 grilse; and 246 trout are stated to have been caught by
nets; and about 800 by rods. A salmon of 42 lbs. was netted in the
Brora District ; and one of 30 lbs, was taken by rod in the Helmsdale.
_ The watchers are employed and paid by the Duke of Sutherland.
_ There are no obstructions, natural or artificial, in these rivers, except on
_ the Carnack, a small tributary of the Fleet, on which there is a very
_ ingenious salmon-ladder, over, or rather round, a fall 40 feet in height.
No salmon disease is mentioned, but the watchers have instructions
_ to remove from the rivers and destroy immediately all diseased fish.
__ There is a small hatchery near Loch Brora, belonging to the Duke of
last year. | ou |
__ In the Tongue District, in the north of Sutherland, the take of salmon
has decreased, owing to three consecutive dry seasons. Last year there
attacked both kelts and clean fish; it has somewhat decreased. More
4 - Sutherland. From 80,000 to 100,000 fish were hatched out in it.
ws 5 =a fe
-
“5 “FF
OA Se
Suatticd
: os sf
a4 : : ; ‘A ‘ i, A “aay 'y Be,
26 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report a?
were taken by nets 1,817 salmon weighing 21,161 lbs.; 9977 grilse
weighing 52,409 lbs.; and 199 trout weighing 330 Ibs. About 300
fish were captured by the rod. The largest fish caught by net and coble
was 25 lbs. ; by fixed nets 30 Ibs. ; and by rods 27 lbs. a 8:
The Bye-laws, with regard to the observance of the annual and weekly
close times, are said to be not very strictly observed; and it is stated
that it is thought that the close time for nets should commence on the
15th instead of the 27th of August. Protection is said to be fairly
efficient, there being ‘5 bailiffs and a lot of gamekeepers.’ There has.
been no poaching ; there are no prosecutions. Led
There are no artificial obstructions, and the natural obstructions, in
the shape of waterfalls, on the Borgie and Kinloch rivers, are not
serious. The salmon disease is unknown. ‘There are no hatcheries in
the district, though, some years ago, there were several. | |
From the Assynt District I have answers to the printed Queries, though
not from an official source. The answers relate principally to trout-
fishing, which is stated to be stationary, there being no marked increase
or decrease. About 13,000 trout are said to have been got in 1889, the
heaviest being 84 lbs.
There are two waterfalls in the district—the falls of the Kirkaig and
the Black Falls,. between Cama Loch and Loch Veattie. There is
excellent spawning ground beyond. It is suggested that salmon-ladders
shauld be placed on these falls. Both these falls and their surroundings
will’. be found fully described in my 6th Report to the Fishery Board
(pages 42,43). x
There is no hatchery in the Assynt District, but it is suggested that
one should be established, and that ‘the trout in the various lochs in
‘ the district should be crossed with Loch Leven trout so as to improve
‘ the fishing. |
RIVER CLYDE, INCLUDING LEVEN, LOCH LOMOND, é&c. -
From this district, (where there’ is no District Board, though there is
very great need of one) I have the following answers :— bat A
Salmon and sea-trout have been on the’increase for the past ten years.
During the dry weather, the tacksmen on the Clyde shotts had an unpre-
cedented take—said to have been 4000 lbs. ‘weekly. Owing to dry weather;
the rod-fishing was very poor up to middle of August, after which it was
excellent for the smaller size of sea-trout. —* : ; | a
The tacksmen, being well watched, observe\ the close time strictly. The |
poachers, however, are always at work, from year’s end to year’s end, on the
white fish pretext. The watching of the spawning streams 1s quite neglected ;
Loch Lomond and lower waters (Leven and Clyde) are well watched: by
watchers of the Loch Lomond Angling Improvement Association and by —
eamekeepers, &c. Ouly 5 salmon and 800 to 90/0 sea-trout were caught, in
1889, by the members of the Loch Lomond Anglimg Assvciation, |
The salmon-ladder on the river Luss dam is ‘very imperfect. _ Not more
than 1 fish in 10, out of those trying it, gets over:* On the Endrick, another
tributary of Loch Lomond, at Gartness, there is rather a bad fall, which could
he improved easily by blasting a corner of rock. | On the Douglas there isa
very bad fall requiring extensive blasting, Above these are there are extensive
and first class spawning grounds. It is thought, as\ regards such obstructions,
that compulsory power, such as that conferred on Boards of Conservators in
England by section 49 of the Salmon Fisheries Act of 1873, should be extended
* Tam happy to be able to state that the Colquhoun, Trustees are about to take
the necessary steps to enable salmon to pass easily over this dam. They also con-
template opening up the fine spawning ground above the, Falls on the Douglas, ifit ¢
is possible to do so at a moderate expense. . —
ew es, ety Wea Pan v ee
ey af wee mi shady hand ae
i dit
bi 4), Pens,
aides
hae
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 27
to Scotland ; to be exercised i in special cases on detailed report by a competent
7 Inspector. The proprietor to have opportunity of showing cause against such
interference with his profit or amenity.
Pollutions on Clyde and Leven are as bad or worse than ever.
salmon disease in the district.
There is a general feeling amongst anglers, that tacksmen of salmon
fishings and dealers in salmon should be licensed. It is thought that this
might help to stop the traffic i in immature fish now so largely carried on.
There is no
RIVER BROOM.
From the River Broom, in Ross-shire, I am informed that ‘ within the
S ‘last thirty years, salmon and sea-trout have very considerably diminished,
| ___ ‘ owing to bag-nets and scringing. Thirty or forty years ago, 8 or 10
* fish a 1 day was a fine day’s rod-fishing. Now 2 or.3 fish is cousidered
& ‘good.’ From 60 to 80 salmon and grilse were killed last year by rods.
The heaviest fish weighed 32 Ibs.
keepers. There were no prosecutions last year, but convictions were
vy obtained in 1888. There is a private hatchery at Braemore, in which
"about 100,000 fish can be hatched out. Iam happy to be able to state
i that the proprietors on the Broom, Ullapool, Kennart, and some other
small adjacent rivers, propose to apply to get District Boards constituted,
and then to combine, in terms of the 22nd section of the Salmon
Fisheries Act of 1862, to maintain a common staff of officers for the
protection of the fisheries in these districts.
far more productive and showing a better average weight than any other
loch in the United Kingdom, has not yielded so many trout last year as
it has sometimes done,—for example, as in 1888, when it produced upwards
of 23,000 trout weighing more than 21,000 Ibs. The balance-sheet of
highly satisfactory position. The directors state that :-—The Gross
Receipts for the year including Bank Interest on the Revenue Account
amount to £2033, 12s. 11d., andafter providing for the maximum rent of
~ £1000 and all Charges and expenses there remains a clear balance on
Revenue Account of £48, 3s. 3d. To this there falls to be added
£23, 7s. 8d. of interest on Capital paid up and invested, and the balance
of £212, 14s, 3d, carried forward from last account, and these sums together
give a disposable balance of £284, 5s. 2d. The directors recommend the
declaration of a Dividend at the rate of 10 per cent. on the paid ‘up Capital
~ which will amount to £118, 4s., leaving a balance of £166, 1s. 2d. to be
_ carried forward to next year.
By the permission of the proprietor, Sir Graham Montgomery, Bart.,
the angling on the loch was last year extended two weeks peen the
coma time for closing.
During the past year 325 pike have been killed, and vigorous means
i. still being adopted for keeping them down.
0 'The usual hatching operations were again carried on during the winter
of with success. About 280,000 fry were in the spring deposited in the
- chief feeders 4 the toh
.n
SS
ee
xy
+
The river is thoroughly protected by |
Loch Leven.
the Loch ‘Leven Angling Association, who rent the loch, is, however, in a -
vere « ‘
Pil
With regard to Trout-fishing, the famous Fifeshire Loch Leven, though Trout fishing—
we oe
#19. §ce6‘El | OFG‘EL | E28- ZEL FL ae 966. Ezour | Lets
ESF T LOE SFT Secs _| 61%
Iz8- caret | oge' es £66G'IL | 8&6‘IT
OZL°LT | O80‘st | 268. £s81'te | 909'e% | ze8-
SEF-L 992 SLI 99%T FIL 06 863-T
FOF'L ZOG'LE | 968. EEL0'1Z | 919'e%@ | 8Z8~
108-1 00F 908
G98. ¥zec‘et | FE9‘CT
F091 696- 009T cor 90-T | S@I rat 61% G8 190-L | 6261 66gl | 298.
: {0F0S 11Z¢ LL6- | $08Gh 1g&h 090-T | fogs ILT9 8899 | FFO-T | T9FOS | eesh | G28
goer | eer | ceo. | $r<ST FEI GZ0-T | E166T 79866 | 096 | 26. | 86886 | Zee | 9T6-
ESISF G6ZE 96L. | TéItF OFSS 8s. | #1062 ETLOE @828 e98- | 6999 TI8Z 108:
TobLZ «| 08sE «f SZ8- 9208 9198 | OFS | ETL0Z Isce | $218 IL9. | 72666 | 99th | 66L-
EFIGL G18Z 888. OLOT OCT 108. + ToL¢ 90L bicaal 6291 ZL6- | $166 SZ01 PLL
“sq “Sq Sa “Sql Sa “sq “Sal sa “sa
Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
‘supax xg ysnd ayy burinp yyuopy Yona ur payry ynouy fo qybayy pun saquinyy yz smoys a1qn], buamonjof ays,
Youy “Oba “Yer “Yov"ar
jo ‘GUSTO AA | LoQuINy jo ‘WY S1eM |*oquy jo ‘QYSIOM | toquny jo
OSBIOAV: OSBIOAY OSBIOAY OBVIDAY OSBIJAY
#0081
L8&
188°Z1
GFIZ
FSI¢
499C1
EL161
826
#9¢¢
"Sql
“qYSIOM |*Loquiny
€SL‘ST
862
egP‘el
T0S3
909
esét
6PFS
ed 8
PEP
seceee *[BJ0],
“** paqeN
cose OT,
*““Jaqmiaydeg
eeecee qsusny
sonsennans Aine
d ;svesess*oun et
agencnsetes CRUE
pe TELE | Ci hy
"qIUOTY
es
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 29
The Esk (Mid-Lothiav) Angling Improvement Association, which Esk (Mid-
' though it has existed for only four years, has already done so much to hothian)
-__ rescue an almost ruined river and turn it into a productive trouting stream, Improvement
presents a satisfactory Report for last year. The following extracts will Association. i
be found interesting :—
> Statistics of Fish taken.—The following table of fish captured during the past
-___ angling season has been compiled from the water-bailiff’s book. It is proper to
state that the figures given in the table are wnder the mark, the water-bailiff not
having been always able to obtain the particulars of every basket.
TABLE.
/
1886. 1987, 0% 1888. 1889.
| \Fish.| Weight. |Fish.| Weight. |Fish.) Weight. |Fish.| Weight.
February sung}
39
a 11th, Opening . 28% | 240) 1512 | 80) 46 183) 112
« Date), . L :
i March, ' Sh Le PS aos 2B 153) 854 79) 51g | 207) F182 @ tis
3 April, Oh ALAS Yel ee ig 80} 352 | 350) 2384 | 159] 83
of Magy Sy oa POH HSE 70| 29% 33) 18t | 56] | 25
| June,. . «| 9} 5R | 85) 32 i) Raa at) es Ws ea 3
July, Ge ; 1 56| 23 555) 207 29; 13
| August, .. . | 63 | 36% | 143) 59 | 814) 303 | 606) 33732
September, —. {184 | 103g | 568} 375 224 867 175)" 97
October, . . {158 | 116}. | 217) 125 | 112| 514 | 404) 2393
SS, SS | ———_ | -
| Approximate Totals,|662 | 465 Ibs./1612)916 Ibs. |2262|1011 Ibs. |1834!102631bs.
Average Weight, | ... | ll} oz.| ... | 90z.|...| 7h 0z |... 9 02.
a \ v é
og The average weight of each fish for 1889 is a fraction less than 9 oz.
_. A number of fish have been taken during the season from 1 lb. to 14 Ibs.
The largest fish taken during year the was a yellow trout of 2 lbs, Several
heavy sea trout, estimated at from 3 to 4 lbs. weights, were played and lost.
_ ___ *Stocking.—Since 1885, when the Association was formed, there have been
placed in the Esk (directly or indirectly through the Association) over 41,000
_ young fish. These young fish consisted of Loch Leven, Common, American Pays:
Brook ‘Trout, and young salmon from the Tay and the Dumfriesshire Esk. A $4
statement, detailing the yearly stocking operations of the Association since its eet
institution, is given as an Appendix to the present report. Included in the ; Me
above’ is a lot of 3000 young Loch Levens, which were got from Howietoun a
_ Fishery towards end of January in the eyed-ova state. These were all hatched (> eae
out in the tanks in the water-bailiff’s house, with fractional loss, by the 6th of me
February. Under careful attention they throve well, and, towards the end of eo
s - May, 2000 were placed in Smeaton Pond, and the remainder in the small rill ¥
that enters the Esk above the Inveresk Weir aoe”
© It may be mentioned that the Forth Fishery Board, through their Superin- Sons
____ tendent, Mr Joseph Napier, has, during the current month, most kindly presented Se
_ - the Association with some 11,000 Forth salmon ova, for distribution in the Esk Bae Ar
and tributaries. These eggs are now being incubated in the Association’s Sere.
_ Hatching Tanks, under the water-bailiff’s careful management.
y 4 _ Large shoals of sea-trout have been seen by the water-bailiff at the mouth of
‘ah ‘the river at intervals during the season. In the back end, some very large fish
__-were noticed taking the fish pass—estimated to be as heavy as 20 lbs. More fish —
ac I than usual have been noticed playing in the upper beat, which is purely fresh
4 _ water, but the Tidal Beat still holds its own for number and size of fish. The
P, yellow trout and Loch Levens are pretty well found throughout both beats, and,
a ee the water is heavy, these seem to drop down into the tidal part of the
MPINGE oR
r,
:
x
tt
7
.
4
vt
ha ee Oe > |
. :
Loch Awe
Fishery Im- -
provement
Association.
Hotels in Scot-
land with
salmon and
trout fishings
attached.
Overscaig.
= Fa
3]
30) Appendices to Bighth Annual Report : iS
Four of the American Brook Trout, placed in the river as fry in June 1887,
were taken during the season—very fine fish, averaging 1 Ib. in weight.
The report of the Loch Awe Fishery Improvement Association is not so satiate
tory as those just quoted. For several years that Association has done yood work in
killing down the pike in Loch Awe, and stocking the loch with trout, in order,
to some extent, to supply the loss caused by the vast number killed anuually,
during the fishing season, by the anglers fréquenting the half dozen hotels on
its shores. Mr Hartley, the able and energetic Hon. Secretary, is about to
resign, owing to the want of interest in the work of the Association, and the conse-
quent deficiency of subscriptions, which make the continuance of protection,
stocking, &c. impossible. ‘ Not much interest,’ says Mr Hartley, ‘is taken in the
‘ work of the Association, and the subscriptions fall off year by year. It is curious
‘ to note the different views which men—practical fishermen—take of the state of
affairs. Some say that Loch Awe cannot be overfished—it is too large. Others
say that with the great fleet of boats out on it daily it is useless to try and mend
matters. A third class assert that while there are so many pike in the loch it is
absurd to turn fry into the burns, and a fourth class almost threaten to stop their
‘ subscriptions on the ground that by killing off all the pike the trout have been
‘made smaller, though more numerous. And yet another class grumble at the
‘ money spent in watching, and say that it is only of benefit to the salmon fishers
.
.
‘
‘6
. on the Awe. Some of these critics have helped me generously with their money
‘ as well as their advice, though perhaps as a rule the latter has predominated. It
‘ was impossible to satisfy every one, and I have not tried'to do so. We believed
‘ that there were too many pike in the loch, and a great many have been killed—
‘ about 1600 in the last five years. The size of those got now is very much less
‘that during the first two years. We have had a good staff of watchers out each
‘ year during the spawning season. Some people say that there is no necessity for
‘ this, as there is never any poaching, but it is within my knowledge that for the
‘ last two years just outside our district the water has been “burnt.” We have
‘ turned into the burns during the last three years nearly 150,000 Loch Leven fry
‘ and ova,’
There are a large number of hotels in Scotland to which trout or
salmon, and sometimes both kinds of fishing, is attached, and I have
endeavoured to get some statistics of the number of fish killed last year
by the visitors to these hotels. There is no close time for trout in
Scotland, and no gauge to prevent the killing of undersized fish; and a
pretty long experience of Scotch waters enables me to state, with a good
deal of confidence, that, both in size and number, trout are decreasing,
especially in those localities where there is a great annual catch, and no
attempt made, by artificial breeding or otherwise, to maintain the supply. ©
It seems a pity that the proprietors of the fishings attached to these
hotels do not insist on a gauge for yellow trout—say 8 inches—under
which no trout should be allowed to be basketed. I have much pleasure
in expressing my obligations to those hotel-keepers who have been good
enough to send me information in answer to the queries forwarded to them.
From Mr Mackay, Overscaig Hotel, Loch Shin, I learn that 7086 trout
weighing 2761# Ibs., were killed by parties fishing from his hotel. Seven
salmon also were captured. Among the trout were 27 Salmo jferox, the
heaviest of which weighed 12 lbs. The heaviest yellow trout was 3 lbs.
There is another large hotel at Lairg, at the foot of Loch Shin, where
a great many trout are killed, but I have not received returns from it.
In 1888, the anglers fishing from that hotel captured 5 salmon and grilse,
weiching 46 lbs.; 105 Salmo feron, Werening 141 lbs.; and 1994 yellow
trout, weighing 1061 Ibs. b
About the Falls on the River kin between the loch and ‘the sea, Mr a
Mackay writes :—
There are good and excellent spawning grounds for upwards of 25 miles
above these Falls ; the best mode would be to blast them, which would render
By? cay tae ait ee ae a Tr Ee ae eee nb a ed Bh war eo
“I RAIN ry F Pay ta 2 pe: . ‘ Shbtck ria w y
Maye . y : ’
4
: j May
' r , ; A
¢ .
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 31
this an excellent district for salmon, grilse, and sea-trout. At present few can
come over the Falls.
a . From Kyle of Sutherland, it is stated that the number of trout taken Kyle of
- from the various lochs, as far as can be ascertained, was 1876, weighing Sutherland,
a 1003 Ibs. |
4 . From Scourie the hotel-keeper mentions, that for the past two years Scourie.
‘the take of trout has diminished, owing to the dry weather. The largest
‘salmon taken in the district last year was caught in the stake-nets, and
weighed 56 lbs. ; and a brown trout of 44 Ibs. was captured by rod in
a Loch Badnamoult. The total number of sea-trout and brown trout killed
by parties fishing from Scourie Hotel was 1200. |
/ © In 1889, 3440 brown trout were taken by anglers residing at Forsinard Forsinard.: i,
a ‘Hotel. The heaviest trout was, 6 lbs. ‘The take of salmon in the district ne
'__ is said to have diminished, owing to overfishing with bag-nets in Melvich
Bay. There is no hatchery, but the innkeeper thinks that the fishings
would be much benefited by the establishment of one.
From Riconich Hotel, west coast of Sutherland, Mr Wallace reports a Riconich.
general diminution of fish throughout the district, which he impttes to
| “excessive fishing by bag-nets, and to the great destruction of gravid fish
i while in the act of depositing their spawn.
ly) -.. About 800 salmon were caught by net and coble and 70 by rod. The
Si largest fish caught by net and coble was 35 lbs.; the largest by rod,
20 Ibs.; largest sea-trout, 64 lbs. It is stated that the Byelaws regarding
the annual and weekly close times are strictly kept by those fishing from
the hotel. But that the observance of the weekly slap by bag-nets in the
____ district is the exception, and not the rule. I have not received a return
of the number of fish caught in 1889 by parties fishing from Riconich aes
Hotel. But, in 1887, the following was the return :—31 salmon, weighing s
2084 Ibs. ; 17 srilse, weighing 77+ lbs.; 549 sea-trout, weighing 4774 Ibs.; as , e.,
“and “1076 “yellow trout, weighing 3761 “Ibs.
With regard to the natural r ababicbiGHs in the district, Mr he rea ee
writes as follows :— ie
The Fall on Achriesgill River. Good spawning ground above. The Parbh
Alt. Burn Fall is an insuperable obstruction at present. This burn is the outlet Tae
of a chain of five lochs, and if the salmonidee had access to them, the fish would er 4
‘undoubtedly multiply in the district as the spawning ground is extensive and Cea,
_excellent, and the sport obtainable would be increased sixfold. Oldshore More et
“Burn could be vastly improved at a trifling cost, so as to enable fish to ascend .
to the loch above; but the mill-dam on this burn is a source of annoyance.
This could be rectified by constructing a lade on the same principle as that on
the Culag Burn, Lochinver. Blasting would suffice for Achriesgill. Blasting
and ladder for Parbh Alt Burn. er
The system of protection is said to be far Hon efficient, with exception 2
of Loch Garbetbeg, the loch nearest the hotel. The other. lochs in the > inde
_lvcality, which are very numerous, are stated to be ruined by otters, nets,
set lines, leisters, and other destructive devices,
| There is no hatchery near Riconich, but Mr Wallace is of opinion that
a establishment of one would greatly i improve the fishings, and he would
: be glad to undertake the supervision. _. “3
™ Of From the beautiful and popular hotel at Inchnadamph at the foot of Inchnadamph.
nm, More, and close to the picturesque shores of Loch Assynt, 4 salmon, ¢
_
6 grilse, 19 Salmo ferox, and 2533 brown trout were killed last year. i)
4 0 Phe heaviest salmon weighed 12 lbs., and the heaviest Salmo ferox, 124. oe
i 8 Parties ‘fishing from Altnahara_ Hotel last year had 50 salmon, Altnahara, Se
21884 lbs. of trout, and 26 lbs. of Salmo ferox. The heaviest salmon was ete
1B Tbs, | The take of salmon is said to have diminished. ae
Ditto Culfail Hotel, near the Pass of Melford, is surrounded by a great Culfail. 3
e. K ¥
iy
+ :
: 39 Appendices to Kighth Annual Report
number of lochs containing abundance of trout, but not accessible to
i salmon. No fewer than 7698 trout were killed in these lochs last year
: by parties fishing from the hotel, and this isa much smaller number,
owing to the dry season, than has poet taken in former years. ©
|
e The fresh-water trout—writes Mr M‘Fadyen—have multiplied to such an
; extent that they are becoming small in size owing to the want of food. Pro-
prietors are preserving their lochs, and there are no poachers, as the district
t has become depopulated. In olden times a good many trout were killed at the
time of spawning, and as there is nothing of this now in our district, their
nuinber is legion. J may mention that I have been stocking some of. my lochs
with Loch Leven trout from Howietoun, and it has improved the quality and
size a little. I have been doing this for the last nine years; but so long as
there are so many native trout in the lochs, it is scarcely possible to improve
them much farther.
Respecting the natural obstructions in the district, Mr M‘Fadyen
writes :—
There is a natural obstruction in the shape of a waterfall, which, if removed
| by blasting, would give access to three miles of river, constituting the best
spawning cround on the west coast ; ; and then the salmon could get into Loch
Tralig, which is about one mile long by a quarter in breadth. The present
spawning ground on the River Oude is very rough, and when there is a flood
all the spawn is washed into the sea.
*._ Tyndrum. From the Tyndrum Hotel, 2 salmon and 3134 trout were captured i in
1889 in Loch-na-bea and in the River Filan.
Loch Awe. The fishing in Loch Awe is said to be improving of late years, and the
operations of the Loch Awe Fishery Improvement Association are stated
to be doing great good both to salmon and trout fishing; to the former
by watching the spawning beds; to the latter by putting large numbers
of trout fry into the loch, and by killing down the pike. Pity it is that
the labours of so useful and necessary an Association should be dis-
continued or suspended for want of funds. Mr Cameron, of the Port
Sonachan Hotel, states that the number of trout taken last year by parties
fishing from that hotel was 7 299, averaging about half a pound; and if
Bi 5 to this is added salmon and Salmo ferox, the total number was 7313.
The heaviest fish was a Salmo ferox of 11 lbs. ; the heaviest salmon was
Bey 8 lbs,
P Mr Cameron wishes to direct the special attention of the Fishery Bouitd
for Scotland to the evil effects of the netting at the mouth of the River
Awe upon the fisheries in the loch. ‘The net fishing closes at present on
y the 27th August. He thinks that it should close a month earlier.
x Dalmally. Mr Fraser reports from Dalmally that last year both the salmon fishing
Ras. in the River Orchy and the fishing in Loch Awe were not so good as
% usual, owing to the dryness of the season. Forty-five salmon were caught in
2 the Orchy by parties fishing from Dalmally Hotel, and 2000 trout from the
; Loch Awe Hotel. The heaviest salmon was 25 Ibs. ; ; the heaviest yellow
trout 3 lbs. ; and there were 2 salmo ferox of 8 and 84 lbs. respectively.
re? Mr Fraser thinks that ‘nets should be off the River Awe two Nests
. ‘ days every week during the open season.’
. Taycreggan, From Taycreggan, another of the hotels on Loch Awe, I have no
x account of the number of salmon and trout killed. It is stated, however,
* that ‘the take for 1889 was a very much diminished one owing to
: ‘drought ; but, upon the whole, for the five years previous to 1889, the
rf ‘ takes of salmon, especially on Loch Awe, have increased. i cause is
‘not well understood.’ i
Loch Katrine. I am informed that no account has been kept of the Slekdios of hid rf
5 killed in Loch Katrine, but one is to be kept in future. A curious cir-
x is
ee 4
w Lal j
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. — 33
-_ eumstance is mentioned with regard to the effect of the operations of the
— Glasgow Waterworks Commissioners, which have greatly raised the level
- of the lake,. and which, it was generally expected, would have been
' _ prejudicial to the fisheries. ‘I consider,’ it is stated, ‘that the take of
_ _ * fish in my district has rather increased, and besides that the quality is
‘improved. The raising of Loch Katrine by the operations carried on by
‘ the Glasgow Waterworks Commissioners had a marked effect at the time
| ‘in improving the quality of the fish in the lake. Then, also, I introduced
-. some Loch Leven trout and some from Loch Arklet, an adjoining lake,
‘which might, in some degree, account for the improved fishing. The Ae
; ‘ weight of ‘the heaviest trout caught by rod in 1889 was 4 lbs. Scarcely ne,
_ * any salmon and no sea-trout have been caught in Loch Katrine, which ae?
‘is rather difficult to account for, as there is no natural obstruction, ee
i ‘unless the embankment erected by the Water Commissioners for raising ie:
| ‘ the level of the lake prevents them from entering it.’ PGR
Mr M‘Nab, the innkeeper at Luss Hotel on Loch Lomond, states, that, Luss Hotel, hee
so far as erect to him, the heaviest salmon caught was 13 lbs., bhis Loch Lomond. ev
heaviest loch trout 124 lbs., and the heaviest sea-trout 6 lbs. The | hs ie
'_ watching is fajely efficient, though a few poachers use the otter on the pie
me =. loch. Shad ,
a With sei to obstructions he writes as follows :—‘ There is one dam pen
‘on mill at Fruin, which salmon and sea-trout take and another at mill Bei
‘on Luss water which salmon do not take but sea-tront do: in both cases ) rat
‘ when the water is about half flood. Salmon presently spawn below the
dam on Luss water. <A ladder at the dam would open up several miles
‘of water to them. A fall on the Douglas water prevents all fish getting
—_— — J ~~
ae :
Se ee Aa es
“up to several miles of good spawning ground. A combination of blast- a
‘ing and ladder might enable them to get up.’ i
Concerning pollutions he writes :—‘ The above mentioned waters are | ea
‘ free from pollutions, but the river Leven, up which all sea fish must come, cea
‘is abominably polluted by chemicals from print-works on the banks and oS
- *by sewage. The pollution is yearly increasing, and, so far as I am ae
‘ aware, no steps are taken to neutralise it.’ Afterwards, he writes about neh
the Leven as follows :—‘ The river Leven is the key to the district. At (See
present a high loch is required to enable salmon and sea-trout to come a
- ‘up and smoltsto godown. If the pollution was appreciably diminished, ae
- ‘fish could run at any time. The pollution is specially deadly on smolts ie hs
_ * going to the sea. Doubtless the stock of fish could be largely increased Wc hs
by artificial hatching, but, until the Leven As purified, any attempt in ¥ My
4 ‘ that direction would be almost labour in vain.’ He incloses the following’ fxs,
remarkable cutting from the Hvening Citizen of 14th May 1890, pag ld
illustrative of the deleterious and destructive effect of the chemicals dis- heat,’
‘a charged into the Leven by the print-works on the fry of salmon and sea- pal
trout :—‘ Yesterday forenoon the banks of the Clyde, from Dumbarton ees a
% ‘ Castle to north bank opposite Cardross, were literally covered with millions ee, el
© of salmon fry and sea-trout that had been poisoned. At repeated intervals
4 ; it has been noticed that fish have been destroyed by the discharge of
w ‘ sewage containing poisonous matter into the waters, but never before has
-* such a large quantity of young fish been destroyed. It is presumed that
. “the discharge of the poisonous liquid has come from one or other of the
os works situated on the banks of the Leven. Sometimes that river presents
a blood-like appearance, as if the whole of the turkey-red in the Vale of
ti had been discharged into it ; at. other times the water is of a dark,
a muddy colour, showing unmistakable signs of refuse having been allowed
*torunin. All day yesterday bands of young and old were out on the
banks of the Clyde gollesune sickly salmon.’
.
3
ss sae 4 . ~~ eee. -
a ion
Ace ee ee as
ead
are Ms = bs
a
+
5
aoe
o
2 te 7
34 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
Loch Maddy. From the remote Loch Maddy, in North Uist, there is a good account of
the fishings which, however, it is said would be capable of great develop-
ment by judicious expenditure. The whole of the Island of North Uist
is honeycombed by lochs—many of them communicating with each other—
from the wide expanse of Loch Scadowa, said to have an Island for every
day in the year, to the mere tarn in the midst of the moorland,
Last year, there were caught from Loch Maddy Hotel 20 salmon, 300
sea-trout, and 5000 brown trout. The heaviest salmon was 1] lbs.
There is no illegal fishing, and the only complaint made is that ‘ there
is no satisfactory arrangement made for flooding lochs to meet spring tides.
Consequently, run of salmon and trout depends altogether upon rainfall.’
Mason’s Arms This hotel is one of the points from which, anglers resort. to the great
Hotel, Strom- inland lochs of Stenness and Harray, magnificent and connected sheets of
ness, Orkney, : : :
and Lochs of Water, whose united expanse is 4224 acres, or nearly 7 square niles. The
Stenness and report given is most disheartening ; for though the fisheries in the Orkney
SEAT Islands have for many years been brought under the operation, of the
Salmon lishery Acts, and formed into a fishery district, there is no District
Board, and there are no prosecutions. The consequence is that all sorts of
poaching practices prevail, and the sea-trout and yellow trout fishings are
steadily and inevitably decreasing.
It is stated in the answers to the printed queries that the take of. fish
has diminished owing to illegal netting and ottering. From the Mason’s
Arms Hotel 450 trout were caught by rod. <A sea-trout of 16 Ibs. was
captured in Stromness Harbour by net and coble. But the great capture
of the year was a yellow trout of 29 lbs. caught by a set line in the Loch
of Stenness, probably the largest yellow trout ever taken in the United
Kingdom. I have seen a coloured cast of this trout, made from the life by
Mr Malloch, the well-known fishing-tackle maker, Perth, and it represents
the handsomest yellow trout, both in shape and markings, that I ever
saw. Ina letter to the Field, dated 23rd March 1889, Mr Malloch writes
as follows about this remarkable trout :—
Seeing several letters lately in the Field about Loch Stenness trout, I
thought it might interest your readers to know that to day I received a Loch
Stenness trout, a male, weighing 29 lbs. It measured 3 feet 34 inches in length,
2 feet in ‘virth. It was caught ¢ ona set line with worm. It isa real fresh-water
trout, and is the most perfect specimen I have ever seen ; with its small head,
beautiful shape and colour, it is a perfect treat to look at: The following
description of its colour may give you an idea of what it is like :—The belly is.
silvery white, merging into golden lemon up to the lateral line ; just below the
line it is covered with faint red spots; above the line, silvery, covered with brown a
spots, each spot having a creamy-white ring round it ; above this, pale olive,
merging into dark green on the back, all profusely covered with spots. The
head is almost the same colour as the body only of a paler shade, and is covered
with spots down to the nose, the gill-cover proper being light purple ; the dorsal
fin olive, covered with light brown spots ; the dead fin, very pale olive, covered
‘with orange and red spots, the outer edge of the fins tipped with orange; the |
tail slightly rounded. When cut up, the flesh is orange, and, when cooked, tastes —_|
almost likesalmon. Although it was caught on Thursday last, I weighed it to- |
day, and it weighed 283 lbs., so that when it came out of the water it must have |
weighed over 29 lbs. I ‘have taken a cast of it, and Iam stuffingtheskinas well.
nd With regard to the protection of the lochs from which this splendid trout |
was taken, and of the other waters in the Mainland of Orkney, Mr Mackay, -
the landlord of the Mason’s Arms Hotel, writes :— Be:
There is no protection of any kind. Illegal fishing is eeapelahee ail there _
are no prosecutions. There is no District Board. I would like to direct the —
-Board’s attention to the obstruction of small-meshed nets in the sea in the
channel leading to the loch (Stenness) ; and after the close time also, Sweetingey
with small-meshed nets in the fresh water loch. we
The following extract from my fifth Report to the Fishery Board,
describing the Fisheries in Orkney and Shetland which I mig? in ,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 35
‘ 1886, will show what these great lakes have been; what they are ; and
_ what they might be if properly managed and protected :—
| Before the Orkneys were constituted a Fishery District, and the usual bye-
laws passed fixing estuaries, a close season, the meshes of nets to be used for
7 the capture of fish of the salmon kind, and prohibiting certain methods of
fishing,* all kinds of destructive and improvident modes of fishing were
- | vommonly practised on the Loch of Stenness, and more particularly on the
a upper part of it, the Loch of Harray. Set lines, set-nets, sweep-nets, and the
‘ otter, were in constaut operation ; and although the use of the otter and fixed
nets is now illegal, the ‘ Harray lairds,’ as the small proprietors on the banks
of the Loch of Harray are called, cannot be prevented, as the law at present
al stands, from using the sweep-net or set lines, as they are udallers, that is free-
holders, and many of their properties have a frontage to the loch. No District
Board has been formed for the Orkneys, nor is there any Angling Association
for the protection and improvement of the fishings ; and from what I saw and
heard when in Orkney, I am by no means convinced that the statutory restric-
tions intended to prevent wasteful and improvident modes of fishing are much
attended to on the Lochs of Stenness and Harray. Were they fairly fished and
properly protected, they ought to be equal to any lochs in the United Kingdom;
and this is not merely my own opinion, after a pretty extensive acquaintance
be with these lochs, but that of every angler who has had much experience of
| ~~ them. In his admirable book on The Orkneys and Shetland, published in 1883,
| 4 Mr Tudor writes as follows of these two great lakes :-—
4 For years, nets, set lines, and the infernal poaching machine the otter, have been used
_ to such an extent that it is a wonder any trout have been left, but now the Orkneys have
been formed into a Salmon Fishery District, set lines and otters became illegal, and
netting can no longer be carried out with the herring-net mesh, and in the reckless
\ manner hitherto in vogue. In fact, if only the fish can be protected during the spawning
season, these two lochs should, for angling, be second to none in Scotland.
To the same effect Mr Sutherland Graeme of Gremeshall, who has a large
3 estate on the Mainland of Orkney, writes, in answer to my printed queries :—
4g I believe that if the lochs of Stenness and Harray were properly looked after and pre‘
served by an Angling Association, they would be the finest fishing lochs in Scotland,
both for sea and loch trout,
But without a District Board or an Angling Association, what is the use of
statutory prohibitions of destructive and unfair modes of fishing? What are
laws good-for if there is no one to enforce them? They are a mere dead letter.
not likely to be respected or observed by those whose interest, or fancied
interest, 1t is to break them.
Mr Heddle, the proprietor of the island of Hoy, an experienced angler, agrees
__ with the views above expressed, and he stated to me, when I was in Orkney,
that no good has, as yet, resulted from bringing the Orkneys under the opera-
tion of the Salmon Fishery Acts of 1862 and 1868. No District Board, no
_Association of Proprietors has been formed, no prosecutions have been instituted
—matters go on just as before. With regard to the Lochs of Stenness and
Harray, he believes that nothing short of the killing of the spawning fish and
extensive ottering could have so much reduced the fishing on such great
expanses of water, with such wonderful natural capabilities. Fair fishing
__would never do it. Twenty-one years ago, his father and he killed so many
fish in Stenness in one day that they did not like to take any more. There
were between 100 and 200, all good-sized trout. Four years ago he fished the
same loch, and got only about halfa dozen fish. One of these, however, was 23 lbs.
Mr Gould, chamberlain to the Earl of Zetland, corroborates these views.
He told me that the Acts had done no good as regarded the great lakes of
_ Stenness and Harray, in which poaching was as rife as before the Acts were
made to apply to the islands. A clause should be put into an Act of Parlia-
ment absolutely prohibiting ottering. Mr Gould is of opinion that the right
of salmon fishing, or rather sea-trout fishing, in the Lochs of Stenness and
__ Harray belongs to the Earl of Zetland or to the Crown. He maintains that
_ the Harray lairds are not udallers, and that their riparian rights give them a
In the autumn of 1880, a public inquiry was held hy the Commissioners of
_ Scotch Salmon Fisheries at Kirkwall, Stromness, and the Bridge of Waithe, in
R ‘Di
. * This was done in 1881 and 1882,
iy
title to yellow trout-fishing only.
connection with the proposal to erect the Orkney Islands into a Fishery
strict, and some interesting and important evidence was laid before them
Rey : ode Hh A eee
:. RSE aes eee
“ ae . Y si Phy | A oh ga
ae LVS wy yr Ge *
“y 4 y eg es :
g 36 Appendices to Highth. Annual Report
‘ about the fisheries in Stenness and Harray, and the sea-trout fisheries in the
ee Orkneys generally. With regard to the size attained by the Orcadian sea-trout,
f. one witness stated that he had heard of one caught in a net, 214 Ibs. weight,
is and had seen one of 124 lbs.; and another witness stated that he had seen one
~ of 14 lbs. One of the witnesses examined at Kirkwall said, that about six
bie years ago there was a curious epidemic among the trout in the Loch of Harray,
when most of the fish died. He went down to the banks of the loch one day,
a and found them lying dead all along the shore. There was no appearance of
“a \ - any fungoid growth on any of the fish. ‘They seemed just to have died from
ir. natural causes. The season had been a very hot and dry one. Next year
| there were very few fish. The majority of the witnesses examined agreed as
to the evil effects of the destructive modes of fishing practised in Lochs Stenness
and Harray, such as set lines, sweep-nets and fixed-nets, otters, and the non-
observance of any annual close time. In consequence of this the sea-trout and
loch-trout are less numerous, and the individual fish are smaller in size than
they used to be. In short, the tendency of the evidence taken by the Commis-
; sioners clearly proved the evil effects of allowing fishing unrestricted, as to
< season or implements, and the necessity of imposing some restrictions, One —
Bet . witness deponed that he had seen eight or nine otters being used on the Loch
: of Harray one day, and the next day two on the Loch of Stenness. Another
said that, during the last five years, there had been a marked falling off in the
fishings, ‘which he imputed to the use of sweep-nets, lines (each with several -
; hooks) set during the night and drawn in the morning, and nets stretched and
fixed across the whole breadth of the water above and below the Bridges of
Waithe and Brogar, so as to intercept the passing fish, These nets have a
small mesh, like herring- -nets, and are set, not only in the lochs, but also across"
, the burns running into ‘them, where they do a great deal of mischief, especially
ty during the spawning season. Another witness, “who had then (1880) known the
tee Loch of Stenness for 30 years, said, that when he first knew it, there was
a nothing but fair fishing with rod and line. He also said that he had, long ago,
pate 4" killed 30 sea-trout with rod and line in that loch in three hours. They
vag ic Paes from 3 lbs. downwards. Such a take would be impossible now, owing
Bi to the otters, set lines, and nets ; but if a close time were enacted and enforced, _
Poa and the lochs protected, such are their natural advantages, that the fishings
ata would recover in a few years. :,
A great number of burns, some of them of considerable size, fall into the .
¢ Lochs of Stenness and Harray, and in autumn and early winter the sea-trout
es and loch-trout ascend these burns for the purpose of spawning. But these
‘ narrow streams afford peculiar facilities for destroying the spawning fish, and
, there is no doubt that a number of them are killed while engaged in reprodue- he
ing their species. This, of course, is the most destructive and improvident of
es : all illegal modes of killing fish, as the death of every ripe female means the _
destruction of many hundred ova. But the udallers do not like to be subjected
to any restriction whatever. As one Orkney proprietor writes me, in answer —
r to the printed queries—
ty. I fear the native Oreadian is too short-sighted to regard an attempt to preserve the
ry fishings in any other light than that of an attempt of the ‘ bloated aristocrat ’ to interfere |
with the ‘ rights of the people.’ An attempt to stop ottering on the Loch of Harray was —
af much resented by some of the smaller proprietors and others.
The most destructive instrument used for killing fish during the spawning
es - season is called a ‘haevie.’ 1t resembles a large “landing-net, with a handle |
i, from 6 to 10 feet long, and is poked under the banks of the burns and swept —
Fe through the pools. It is scarcely necessary to point out what an infernal —
3 machine this must be for the destruction of fish in Wee narrow Orcadian burns
uh during the spawning season. i
me: Powers of The question as to what are the powers of the Fishery Board for
in oh ste erry Scotland, under the 2nd sub-section of the 5th section of ‘The Fishery
“fs rife Fisheries ‘ Board (Scotland) Act, 1882,’ was prominently brought forward during
of Scotland, the sittings of the Commission on Crown Rights in Scottish Salmon
ey. guy Baves 4 Waters. The Act of 1882 provides that ‘The Fishery Board shall have
% ‘Act of 1882. ‘ the general superintendence of the Salmon Fisheries of Scotland, and —
Ww ‘shall have the powers and duties of Commissioners under the Salmon —
1% ‘ Fishery Acts, but without prejudice to or interference with the powers —
” ‘ of iesinhe Boards.’ a
e x ma 4 ;:
e. ; } ¥ “ ih nal
ae | oe ek a am
~ ee ‘ og Agi ay (As ig DON ese ae
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. on. i
The powers of District Boards are regulated by the general Salmon ah
Fishery Acts of 1862 and 1868, and the powers of each District Board
are strictly confined to the Salmon Fisheries in the Fishery District of
which it has the management; that is to say, the powers of, District
' __ Boards are purely local. But the Fishery Board for Scotland seems to be
-__ in the position of a Central Board having the general superintendence of
all the local Boards. Ifnot, what is the reason or meaning of the words
‘ general superintendence ?’ | oy
. In the Report of 1860 by the Select Committee of the House of 4
' Lords, in connection with which so much valuable evidence was given
y respecting the Salmon Fisheries of Scotland, it is recommended ‘ Ist,
' ‘that a Central Board or Commission be appointed to regulate the
q ‘Salmon Fishings in Scotland. 2nd, That the Salmon Fishings be i
| __ * divided into districts by the Central Board. That a local Board of eh
‘ Conservators for each district be elected by the proprietors, with powers i
‘of assessment for payment of expenses, of appointing water-bailiffs and ae
‘making Bye-Laws ; the proceedings of the District Boards to be subject to '
© control by the Central Board.’
= The Fishery Board for Scotland seems to be very much in the
| __ position of the Central Board, recommended by the Select Committee of
a the House of Lords in 1860. The local management of the Fisheries is
'__ to be in the District Boards ; but the general superintendence and super-
___ vision is to be in the Fishery Board for Scotland.
q There may possibly be some doubt as to the powers of the Fishery eg
_ Board in those districts where District Boards exist. But where there ie
are no District Boards—which is the rule and not the exception along the eae |
West Coast of Scotland and in the Inner and Outer Hebrides—the natural i
construction of the words ‘general superintendence,’ surely is that the Sut
ia, Board may and should interfere to enforce the provisions of the Salmon a
_ ‘Fishery Acts and to punish their infringement. If it is maintained that, a
- under the provisions of the Act of 1882, the Fishery. Board can neither ie
interfere where there are District Boards nor where there are none; then __ es
it follows that the words ‘ general superintendence’ have no meaning or ey
‘significance whatever, and might as well have been left out of the Act—a
‘conclusion which should not be rashly arrived at.
It remains to consider the meaning of the words ‘and shall have the
‘powers and duties of Commissioners under the Salmon Fishery Acts.’ ae
_ Having been one of the Commissioners of Scotch Salmon Fisheries ae
from 1867 to 1882, I have had some experience of the duties which fen
_ devolved upon them. They fixed districts and estuaries ; the commence- ;
_- ment and termination of the annual close times ; reported on obstructions ores
. in rivers; on the observance of the fishery Bye-Laws by millers and ~ Race
e manufacturers; and on other matters included under the scope of the . RS
_ Salmon Fishery Acts of 1862 and 1868. But all these things were .
done not on their own initiative, but under the direction and with the
_ sanction of the Secretary of State for the Home Department, whose
_ place is now occupied, as regards the fisheries, by the Secretary for
_ Scotland. A full account of the work done by the Commissioners
_ of Scotch Salmon Fisheries during the years 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, |
_ 1871 and part of 1872, will be found in a Parliamentary paper which .
_ I drew up in 1872, and which was ordered by the House of Commons to
BP be printed 10th August 1872. |
) a ; I have the honour to be,
Be . | ag Your obedient Servant,
OR ae me ARCH. YOUNG.
Tur Fisnery Boarp For Scorann,
_ Epinsureu, 26th May 1890.
38 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
NOTE I. i
na
he.
ANNUAL CLOSE TIME APPLICABLE TO THE SCOTCH
SALMON RIVERS.
N.B.—Observe that, in the following List, the days fixing the commencement and
termination of the Annual Close Time and of the Extension.of Time for Rod-fishing-
are, in all cases inclusive, as in the case of the Add, the first River in the list,
Name of River.
ADD,
ALINE,
ALNESS,
ANNAN,
®APPLECROSS,
ARNISDALE (Loeh Hourn),
AWE, :
Ayuort (Kintoch),
AYR,
BAA AND GLENCOILLEADAR,
BapAcHro and Kerry (Gairloch),
BALGAY and SHIELDAG, . ; 4
BEAULY,
BERRIEDALE,
BERVIE,
BLADENOCH,
Broom
BRORA
CARRADALE (in Cantyre), |
CaRRON,,
Annual Close Time.
From Sept. 1 to
Feb. 15, both
days inclusive,
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.—
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10...
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10,
From he 27 to.
Feb.
From cea "57 to |
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From mae 27 to
Feb. 1
From eles "40 to |}
Feb, 24.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb, 10,
From Aug. 27 to
Feb, 10.
From pee 27 to :
10
Feb. 10.
From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24.
From Aug. 27 to
‘Feb. 10.
Extension of Time.
From Sept. 1 to |
"From Aug. a7 to |
for Rod-fishing.
Oct. 31, both
days inclusive.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to.
yr Orta8lbiced
From Sept. 10 to.
Nov. 15,
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. Bhyrog”
From Aug. 27 to—
vis Det at. 1
From Aug. 27 t to |
‘Oat Sis 274
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 81.
Octii dB. 2000 | “3
From Aug. 27 to. Bae
Oct..83. 00 7 lem
From Sept. 10 to
Oct BHH094 1
From Aug. 27 to | |
Oct. to Vek 1
bie Se Aug. 27 to; |
From Aug. 27 to a
Oct.’B1,*) ° ae
From Sept. 10 to } |
Oct. 31, He
From Aug. 27 to
_ Oct, jie.
vit
aA
Aye
vga
iain an ta
€
bat
“es
‘ey
Name of River, =
| CLaybuRN, FinnisBAy, AVEN-NAN-_
GEREN, STRATHGRAVAT, NortTH.
- DACASTILE, SCALLADALE, and Maw-
RIG (Hast Harris), ed
CuyDE and LEVEN,
Feb, 24.
_| From Aug. 27: to
| Feb. 10.
Coxox, Mim we From Aug. 27 to
a nytt eer se Feb. 10.
i, . Crex, From Aug. 27 to
i : rf | ; Feb, 10.
_ CREED or Sitheuh wees and Laxay | From Aug. 27 to
ia (Island of Lews), ) Feb. 10.
CrERAN (Loch Cr eran), From Aug. 27 to
b s-taeek be) ree aad oF Feb. 10.
OroweE and Suiut (Loch Dutch), From Aug. 27 to
eB ey eae Ser a, Feb. 10.
DEE (Aberdeenshire), . ; From Aug. 27 to
| Dus (Kirkcudbright), — . : From Aug. 27 to
ek TAG 2 mi i Feb. 10.
DEVERON, .-, Sg .| From Aug. 27 to
9 ee Mee a | MESS ; Feb. 10.
PT PORN, ete ce ; ae m .| From Aug. 27 to
. ha | Feb. 10.
Dox, in Bee ae Neha is aloes
Feb. 15.
From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24.
Feb.
From as "oy to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
2
mt r 7 an
PJO NS ie suion'y aia ry
Gapiss Ds AXDALI a or Tao 0 |
| : a te 490. Pe Sth ay QE iy!
Of the Pishery Board for Scotland.
Annual Close Time. Extension of Time
From Sept..10 to: | From Sept. 10 to
From Aug. 27 to |
. From Aug. 27 to
From Aug. 27 to
From Aug. 27 to~
| ‘From Aug. 27 to |
‘From Aug. 27 'to |
. Feb. 10,
Davuaacutoy or Grawmore (Usle of From Sept. 1 to
Be tl. Bates thy . . 4 Reb lia,
Rae Dunseata yh From Aug. 27 to
4 Woe a FSU eon arta 0o Og Feb. 10. |
4 wise Bene Na ht et a ST ae ire From Aug. 27 to
Pip seers Ore sj Feb. 10.
|| Eoxare, From Sept. 1 to
Seas bs ff i Feb. 15.
1h Esx, eae iid eee tS | at rom Sept, 1-4a
Pt ae ; a i Feb. 15.
ot Esk, Sours, LLU amar sinh}. Krom Sept. to"
From Sept. 1 to
From Aug. 27 to
From pie 2 to .
From Sept. 10 to.
ean faa Oa ae RI 5 hy 0 PALI ELS iho)
i Ews, pice I : 5 ha $e agers) tt em Aue. SP to: /
ie, ii a PG Feb. 10.
Shade ‘Maayné: ‘Bavpanacmtsr, | From Sept. 10 to
Sh; Sotrr' Tacastiie, Borve, and Onn Feb. 24.
kee (West Harris), § ; | bia fed he
py INDHORN, _ apy From Aug. 27 to |
fp {od Me f Pa Feb, 10... <4
AY | Figer (Sudhertundshire), From Sept. 10 to
ike eet Heb, 240 yes
‘Fuger recede) ; From Sept. 10 to
v Feb. 24,
| Forss, © “pice At ok Spore 88 From Aug. 27 to
RAEN (a pe | Feb. 10.
Pout, eee. oes ne, From Aug. 27 to
wg tah My Ga Feb, 10.
From Sept. 1 to
From ae 27 to.
_ From Aug. 27. to!
for Rod-fishing.
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.- '
From Aug. 27 to
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to |
: Oct. 31. at
From Aug. 27 to |
Oct. 31.
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to |
Oct. 31. .
From Aug, 27 to |
Oct. 31.
=
Oct. 31,
From Aug. 27 to |
Oct. 31.
From Sept. 1 to
Oct. 15.
Oct. 15.
Oct. 31, |
From Sept. 1 to |
Oct. 31.
From Sept. 1 to |
Oct. 31,
Oct. 31.
Oct,31, > 5
From Sept. 10 to |
Oct. 31. a .
Oct. 10.
Oct. 31. [
From Sept. 10 to.
Wor a Ey
From Aug. 27 to
CEB HPO
From Aug. 27 Nie
Oct. 31;
From Sept. 1 to. |
Oct. 31,
From Sept. 10 re
‘Octr ar st
From NAN, 27 to}
iN gua" & aledaan
- Oct: 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Octi BTL” one
Jin whee ‘Pa ae : . Se Fea AR a a ae ae
7 A He
s i \as og Y a ;
“* - bs x + / ee ie « ve A ce Me a
L.> ‘ 7 ‘ ~
Appendices to Eighth Annual Repor
Name of River.
Annual Close Time.
GRUDIE or DIONARD,
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
-GRUINARD and LITTLE GRUINARD, From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
HALLADALE, StRATHY, NAveEr, and | From Aug. 27 to
BorGig, Feb. 10.
HELMSDALE, From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
Horr and Pona or STRATHBEG,
, From Aug. 27 to —
. Feb. 10.
% | Howmorg, From Sept. 10 to
or Feb. 24.
Pa {NCHARD, From, Aug. 27 to
ae Feb. 10.
ey INNER (in Jura), . From, Sept. 10 to
b: Feb. 24.
, | INVER, _ From, Aug. 27 to
’ > : . Feb. 10.
a Iorsa (in Arran), . |. From Sept. 10 to
f Feb. 24.
1 | IRVINE and GARNOCK, . |. From Sept. 10 to
ayy \ ‘Feb. 24.
Re KENNART, . From Aug. 27 to
‘f * Feb. 10.
aM KILCHOAN or INVERIE (Loch Nevis), From Aug. 27 to
ty in - Feb. 10.
o | | Krytocu (Kyle of Tongue), From Aug. 27 to
s rg. Feb. 10.
ek | Kix le, From Aug. 27 to
Ba Feb. 10.
se KISHORN, From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
KYLE OF SUTHERLAND, From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
LAGGAN and Sorn (Jsland of Islay), .| From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24.
LAXFORD, . From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
LEVEN, From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
LittLE Locn Broom, From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
Locuy, From Aug. 27 to
Menieve:
Locn Dutcu,. From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
Locu Luine, From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
Locu Roac, From Aug. 27 to
‘ Feb. 10.
LossIg, From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10. |
Luce, ‘ From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24. —
Lussa (Island of Muit), From Aug. 27 to
; Feb. 10.
MorpaRrrt, From Aug. 27 to —
: Feb. 10.
MorAR, From Aug. 27 to
_ Feb. 10.
: 4
ek SF yi RL gh: to
y - , * Mi's pe Be i Ms
From Sept. 10 to |
hat A ee
Extension of Time |
for Rod-fishing.
From Aug. 27 to —
‘t Oote Buy evoke
From Aug. 27 to |
Oct. 31.
Close time for Rod-
fishing from 1
Oct. to Jan. 10.
Close time for Rod-
fishing from 1 |
Oct. to Jan. 10. ©
From Jan. 11 to |—
Feb. 10, and
from Aug. 27 to
Sept. 10.
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Sept. 10 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Sept. 10 to
Oct. 31. '
From Sept. 10 to
Oct. 31,
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31. |
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31. |
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 312
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 15.
From Sept. 10 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to |
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to —
Get 21s, 4
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31. -
From Aug.°27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug.:27 to |
Oct) Fa. |.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 15. .
From Sept. 10 to
“-Oeto Sh. 2 oaqw
From Aug. 27 to |
Oct..31, 5 -- aa
From Avg. 27 to |
Oct. 31. aA " if
From Aug. 27 to |
‘Ort: 31... > > ae
24
Name of. River.
MULLANAGEREN, Horasary, and Locn-
NA-CISTE (North dene
Narrn,
NELL, FEOcHAN, and Eucuar, .
t Wings, Got ‘ ane
Nagin 8H
Orkney IsLanps (River from Loch of
STENNEss, &c.),
Ormsary (Loch Killisport), Loca HRD,
and Stornoway (JMui/),
_| PENYGOWAN or GLENFORSA, and ARos,
REsorT, c : fi.
RUEL, |
SANDA,
ScADDLE, . : i :
SHETLAND IsLANDs (River of SAND-
WATER, &c.,
SHIEL (Loch Shiel), : :
x
Ay
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
Annual Close Time.
From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10...
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24.
From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24.
' From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Sept. 1 to
Feb. 15.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10.
From Sept. 10 to
Feb. 24.
From Aug. 27 to
ARN SRE kee) CAN ER My ie 8
‘ides seas As EE PN Ga a het aL
‘ %.. Y \ Or A y ’ yA
y - var ws ‘ty ’
4]
Extension of Time
for Rod-fishing.
From Sept. 10 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 15.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
| From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 15,
From Sept. 10 to
Nov. 15.
From Sept. 10 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
‘Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31,
From Sept. 1 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct. 31.
From Aug. 27 to
Oct, 31.
From Feb. 1 to
Feb. 24, and
from Sept. 10 to
Nov. 15.
From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10. Oct. 31.
SLIGACHAN, BROADForD, and PorTREE | From Aug. 27 to | From Aug. 27 to
| (Isle of Skye), Feb. 10. Oct. 31.
| Snizort, ORLEY, OzE, and Drvivoon From Aug. 27 to | From Aug. 27 to
| (Usle of Skye), - Feb. 10. Oct. 31. ad
Spry, From Aug. 27 to | From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10, Oct. 15.
‘Srivcwar,. em, From Sept. 10 to | From Sept. 10 to
° . Feb. 24. Oct. 31.
Ae Oe é : -.| From Aug. 27 to | From Aug. 27 to
Feb. 10. Oct. 31.
THURSO, . a Pk ani From Aug. 27 to | From Jan. 11 to
VA ne Sak Feb. 10. ‘Feb. 10, and
from Aug. 27 to
. Sept. 14.
TORRIDON, BALGAY, and SHIELDAG, From Aug. 27 to | From Aug. 27 to
acme Feb. 10. Oct. 31.
_| Uarz, .| From Sept. 10 to | From Sept. 10 to
Ne . _ Feb. 24. Oct. 31.
| Untapoon (Loch Broom), From Aug. 27 to | From Aug. 27 to
My eo i é Feb. 10. Oct. 31.
| Urr, From Sept. 10 to | From Sept. 10 to
a Feb. 24. Nov. 30.
| Wick, From Aug. 27 to | From Aug. 27 to
mt |, Feb. 10. Oct, 31.
| YTHAN, From Sept. 10 to | From Sept. 10 to
~~ Feb, 24. Oct. 31
¥ ate!
. ‘ Y te ; a é
He 42 Appendices to Eighth Annutl Report :
: . -
x HOR
2 NOTE IL
: rae : |
{ x = cate ha na Through the kindness of Mr Tait, Clerk to the Tweed Commissioners,
ie 78 Years, and of the Berwick Salmon Fisheries Company, I am enabled to give
e statistics of the produce of the important river Tweed, for the long period
of 78 years, if not with perfect accuracy, at least with a close approxima-
fs tion to it. These seem to me to be, in many respects, so interesting. and
instructive as to be well worth publishing, .
Return of Salmon, Grilse, and Trout, taken in the River Tweed, from)
| 1808 to 1885, ‘both years inclusive. Perfect correctness is not claimed
; for these calculations, but they are generally believed in the District
| to be nearly accurate. Prior to 1857, the net fishing closed on the ~
C 14th October; from 1857 to 1859, on 30th September ; and since
ae 1859, on 14th September.
a ee
Migra- Migra- | iio.) |
e Year, | Salmon.| Grilse. | tory | Total. | Year. | Salmon.| Grilse. | tory | Total.
‘: Trout, Trout )
‘ eee, ae ee Lae + ——_|—_ — |__|
. 1808 | 37,333 | 25,324 | 21,033 | 83,690 9,032 | 53,075 | 67,796 | 129,903 |.
a 1809 | 30,949 } 32,679 | 21,402 | 85,030 9,478 | 97,102 | 52,541.] 159,121,|
% 1810 | 40,782 | 49,332 | 23,963.) 114,077 11,484 | 59,405 | 39,485, | 110 324
Ye 1811 | 38,566 | 24852 | 12,439 | 75,857 9,522 | 33,864 | 49,701 93, 087
ee 1812 | 27,711 | 82,538 | 33,604 | 143,853 8,789 | 16,855 | 45,326 | 70,970
‘nl aie 1813 | 35,273 | 61,643 | 36,319 | 133,235 5,808 | 28,902 | 24,773 | 59,483;
¥ | 1814 | 58,890 | 73,521 | 34,161 | 166,572 9,199 | 43,075 | 37,341 | 89,615
st . 1815 | 41,044 | 97,734 | 39,653 | 178,431 15,299 | 16,739 | 32,645 | 64,683
Bo 1816 | 54,041 | 120,594 | 62,074 | 236,709 6,829 | 13,952 | 23,786 | 44,017)
a? 1817 | 36,199 | 66,694 | 37,131} 140,024 4,885 | 33,992 | 30,597 |. 69,474.
ig 1818 | 39,267 | 59,848 | 37,346 | 136,461 11,475. | 46,553 | 31,846 | 89,874
oy . 1819 | 31,895 | 71,813 | 47,386 | 151, 094 14,614 | 23,590 | 41,059 | 79,263.
, ’ 1820 | 28,288 |116,495 | 61,454 | 206,237 12,273 | 18,952 | 35,081 | 61 306,
. 1821 | 84,657 | 55,291 | 61,339 | 151,287 8,940 | 20,323 | 26,052 | 55,315,
1822 | 25,250 | 47,266 | 70,413 | 142,929 5,379 | 15,036 | 28,607 | 49,022.
1823 | 12,122 | 50,794 | 49,934 | 112,850 8,467 | 25,042 | 20,988 | 54,497)
amy 1824 | 23,644 | 73,381 | 71,161 168, 218, 11,053 | 26,239 | 23,757 | 61,049)
tS 1825 | 18,957 | 61,506 | 59,531 | 139,994 7,982 | 27,294 | 39,250) 74,526)
a. 1826 | 12,040 | 85,378 | 59,203 156,621 5,745 | 13,947 | 26,976 | 46,668)
oy 1827 | 10,725 | 54,034 | 43,441 | 108,200 8,468 | 23,979 | 44,408 }°76,855)
é 1828 | 13,511 | 39,248 | 39,563} 92,322 10,572 | 23,448 | 35,355.| 69,375)
at 1829 | 5,850 | 34,773 | 64,630 104, 753. 12,958 | 4,078 | 31,605 | 48,621)
| 1830 | 7,415 | 66,520 | 37,486 | 111,421) 6,932 | 9,622 | 43,287 | 59,841)
‘aon | 1831 | 13,197 | 43,244 | 77,087 133,478 8,682 | 17,968 | 22,858.) 49,508,
x 1832 | 9,709 | 41,411 | 77,308 128,428 7,686 | 22,198 | 36,286 | 66,120)
ai 1833 | 10,428 | 93,939 | 60,178 | 164,545 17,245 | 15,693 | 22,260 55,198, )
a 1834 | 16,106 | 59,262 | 48,852 124,220 12,685 | 18,533 | 29,53] 0,749
1835 | 22,642 | 87,707 | 82,229 | 192,578 9,967 | 87 18,874 | 37,566)
1836 | 16,957 | 34,846 | 63,616 | 115, 419 6,653 | 15,430 | 16,902] “88,985
1837 | 14,577 | 60,429 | 57,426 132, 432 8,829 | 21,623 | 24,450 | 54,902.
1838 | 12,785 | 78,077 | 40,876 132,938 13,640 | 14,070 | 27,047 | 54,757)
1839 | 15,508 | 35,449 | 56,124 107,081 10,271 | 4,061 | 20,997 | 35 829
1840 ; 10,920 | 52,117 | 56,342 | 119,379 6,958 | 10,641 | 27,475 | > 45,074 |
1841 | 16,464 | 71,254 | 64,672 | 152,390 6,064 | 6,322 | 14,222 | 26,608
1842 | 19,198 | 109,935. 76,071 205, 204 10,067 | 25,736 |. 27,582 |. , Sora ab
1843 | 17,777 | 66,293 | 54,209 138,279 17,525 | 6,435 | 19,778 | 43,73
1844 | 21,830 | 88,003 | 99,256 | 209,089 12,864 | 20,266 | 27,202 | 60,33
1845 | 18,962 | 69,752 | 54,355 | 143,069 - 7,689. | 10,402 |.14,983_| 33,07.
1846 | 17,878 | 37,500 | 38 sos 94,057 Ae 18,779 | 27,113 | 56,487
A brief study of the above Table will dion that, so far as the Tweed
is concerned, there has been a great decrease in the yield of the river |
during the last period of years as compared with the first. In the first —
ree of 39 years, ending in 1846, the Tweed produced considerably
IM
“SN
‘ : f \
7
)
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 43
upwards of 5 millions of salmon, eit and trout, or’ a yearly average
of nearly 140,000—a yield which I believe to be greater than that of any
river in the United Kingdom at the present day.
On four occasions during this first period, the river produced upwards
of 200,000 fish in the course of a single year, and on three occasions
upwards of 100,000 grilse in the same time. The largest number of
a salmon in any one year was in 1814, when 58,890 were captured ; of
a grilse in 1816, when 120,594 were taken ; and of migratory trout in
‘ 1844, when 99, 256 were landed.*
‘tf During the second period of 39 years—from 1847 to 1885, both
' __ inelusive—only about 24 millions of fish were captured or a yearly average
4 of about 64,000 or Voids: than half the average of the first period. The
| iargest catch of salmon in any one year was in 1882, when 17,575 fish
were got; the biggest take of grilse was in 1848, when OG; 102 were
captured ; and the best year for trout was 1847, which yielded 67, 796.
| Some curious results with regard to the increase in the proportion of
; bull-trout to salmon and grilse in the last period of 39 years as contrasted
‘ with the first are afforded by the above Table. From 1808 to 1816, with
the exception of 3 years, the number of trout was less than that of either
\% salmon or grilse; and from 1808 up to 1829, the number of salmon and
_ _ grilse combined always exceeded that of trout. . 1829 was the first year
a when the trout exceeded in number the aaslnieek and grilse combined.
va Between 1839 and 1885, this has happened in 18 years, and in one of
these years—1869—the number of trout was considerably more than
double that of salmon and grilse united—certainly not a healthy symptom
_ ofasalmon river. Yet it will be found, on reference to the Table, that
' although the take of salmon and grilse has so greatly fallen off in the last
ie half of the period tabulated as to be often surpassed by the take of trout,
| _ that even the number of trout during the last period is not nearly equal
to what it was in the first period ; as up to 1848, the take of trout varied
| from 12,439 to 99,250 and averaged 50,000 annually, whereas since
1848, the largest take has been 49,701 and the smallest 14,222.
| __ As was pointed out by Mr Walpole and myself in our Report of 1875
on the operation of the Tweed.Fishery Acts of 1857 and 1859; there is
a remarkable coincidence between the general drainage of the Tweed
valley that followed upon the advance of money on easy terms by
Parliament in 1846 to the landlords of the United Kingdom, and the
falling off in the productiveness of the Tweed Fisheries. The character
of the floods was changed. ‘The land instead of being like a sponge
which is gradually squeezed out became intersected by a network of
drains which discharged the active rainfall into the river in a few hours.
_ The river now rises suddenly and falls suddenly, instead of being in
_ flood, more or less, for a week ; so that migratory fish like salmon, which
run in floods or rather when the water is beginning to subside and clear
after a flood, have far less opportunity than formerly of entering the
Sr Sate a
iu. he * The most productive year'on the Tweed of which any record exists was 1816,
In that. year, 54,041 salmon, 120,594 grilse, and 62,074 trout, or 236,709 fish were
taken... But upwards of 208,000 fish. were taken in 1820, and a take of 150,000 fish
_—~was not uncommon. Upwards of 58,000 salmon (excluding grilse) were taken in
ae 1814 alone ; and this take exceeds the ageregate taken in any 5 consecutive years
since 1846. Again, the take of grilse in 1816, “exceeds the take of the 8 years, 1867
to 1874. These surprising figures are corroborated by a letter in the Hdinburgh
Sutil ba April 1888. “The writer states the rental of the Tweed fishings for
4 miles from the mouth of the river at upwards of £5400, and the expenses of
i Hui at £5000, and calculates that. to pay these sums the fishings must have pro-
need 208,000. salmon annually, exclusive of grilse and trout. The highest’ rental
i. i which we: a any record was in 1816, when the fisheries were assessed at
13,705, 6s. 3
+ ». a 47 Auta b, a Wee te sev" ¥ VP ow «" 1" AA eee Ve > ae 49u "a OY
vo RESOLD: rare ins ite a we Wh Pay ci wee rene 4
; Cee TA ete RS shor ae RN od Pw abit ie
et it.» 1h eS eye t ys l . 7
em Py y Se) ;
aS j
he ht Nao ee
r 4
¥
SO el ee el TE ea
x =,
4 $3. —_ oF Sah y *.
— ee 2 eres ee ee eee
: t 7" x Tey teow fey at See ae
< ; ease: CB
r . tt Appendices to Eighth Annual Report |
k river. This cause, joined to the wholesale pollution of the Tweed and its
ir tributaries, and the extensive poaching which prevails seem to render it
et improbable that the Tweed will ever again produce 200,000 fish in a year,
B as it occasionally did in the earlier years of the present century.*
i
: NOTE IIL
Ja] REPORT BY THE INSPECTOR OF SALMON FISHERIES ON
‘y LETTER FROM THE SOLICITOR TO THE FISHMONGERS
ot COMPANY, LONDON, TO MR BERRINGTON, INSPECTOR
f OF SALMON FISHERIES FOR ENGLAND AND WALES,
: TRANSMITTED TO THE FISHERY BOARD BY THE SECRE- |
7 TARY FOR SCOTLAND, FOR THEIR OBSERVATIONS
THEREON.
ee, 5tTH SepremBer 1888. |
| I have the honour to report that a letter, dated 26th July 1888, from Mr
Charles O. Humphreys, Solicitor to the Fishmongers’ Company, London,
x addressed to Mr Berrington, Chief Inspector of Salmon Fisheries for
s ' England and Wales, has been remitted to me by the Fishery Board for
my observations thereupon.
eM Before proceeding to consider seriatim the suggestions contained in Mr
3 Humphreys’ letter, I think it is proper that I should, in the first place,
: direct the attention of the Board to his proposal that the provisions of
oe the Bill, understood to be in preparation by the Lord Advocate, should
, | be made ‘ general to the whole of the United Kingdom, and not exclusive
to Scotland.’ aA
With regard to this recommendation, I beg to observe that the laws
applicable to the Salmon Fisheries in Scotland are so radically different
in principle and practice from those of England and Ireland, that it would
be almost impossible to assimilate them ; and that it would be far better ©
to have a separate bill for each division of the United Kingdom, instead
of one attempting to reconcile the irreconcilable differences of principle
which separate the Salmon Fishery law of Scotland from that of England
and of Ireland. Be ek
‘> To show how radical is the difference between the law of Scotland and
the laws of England and Ireland, which are almost identical, I may
mention that, while in Scotland there is no such thing as a public right _
of salmon fishing—all salmon fishings, whether in rivers, estuaries, or
in the narrow seas, belonging either to the Crown or to the grantees of —
the Crown—in England, on the other hand, the salmon fishings in ©
navigable rivers, and in the narrow seas, belong to the public as a general
rule, the exception being where a proprietor can establish a right to what
is termed a ‘several fishery,’ that is to say, to an exclusive right of fishing,
presumably dating back to Magna Charta. 3 : |
’ Then again, fixed engines, in the shape of stake and bag nets, are legal
and in universal use around the coasts of Scotland, outside rivers and
estuaries ; whereas, in England and Ireland, they are prohibited asa
general rule, though there are certain privileged fixed engines, such as
those mentioned in section 41 of the English Salmon Fisheries Act of
* The statistics above given seem to show that high cultivation and other results _
_ of advanced civilisation which cannot be interfered with, are decidedly inimical
to the productiveness of our salmon rivers; and that probably the only way to —
restore that productiveness and to maintain it is to follow the example of the United
y States and of Canada, and establish Government Hatcheries for the artificial breed- _
ing of the Salmonide. | : Pi eretae, he
>
+
Se ee ee 8 te
~
Pa ees ten ee
;
Ys
av. ea ‘od
rin MONT Be oe od
~—s
>" see" “ 3
_* , VASE A A ae ee, BP RL ER og NEG?) ee) Ee ie) 4 wa, nian oe. ce Or. ne VE Sy Boy
‘ ah ON TRS RO He Obeh ae wet ds te yee : Ye ia NU ae oy 7 Hf Rh
WiLARS ae er ut Ts, : Ne 41
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 45 i
1865. There are other important differences that might be mentioned,
but those already stated seem to me sufficient to prove that Mr Humphreys’
recommendation is one that should not be given effect to.
I now proceed to notice the special points which Mr Humphreys
considers of material cg apie in any new Salmon Fishery Bill.
At the top of page 2, in the copy of his letter, he insists upon the
necessity | of prohibiting the « taking, buying, selling, exposing for sale, or
‘having in possession any unclean or unseasonable salmon, or any part
- ‘thereof.’ I understand that this is provided for in the Consolidation Bill,
. now in the hands of the Lord Advocate, in which another of Mr
im Humphreys’ recommendations, namely, ‘that the exportation of salmon
' ‘from Scotland, during the close time, should be absolutely prohibited,’
| is also given effect to.
yy I think the following suggestions of Mr Humphreys worthy of the
ie attentive consideration of the Board:—‘(b) That a clause should be
_ ‘inserted, creating a venue, and making the consignor of unclean or
s ‘unseasonable salmon liable to prosecution wherever such salmon is
bk: ‘found or seized in the United Kingdom, without proof of the transit of itd
‘the fish. (d@) That the importation of Dutch and other salmon into the |
ie i eater. Kingdom, during close time, should be prohibited, or, if
: ‘permitted, be restricted under certain rules.’
With reference io this last recommendation, I may state that, in an wa
able and elaborate report on the habits of the salmon, recently presented
i to the Minister of Marine and of the Colonies in France by M. Amédée vet
_ Berthoule, and published in the Journal Officiel de la Republique pete
Frangaise, the reporter writes as follows concerning the importation of. 4
foreign salmon into France during the close season :— .
ie ‘We strongly insist that such exceptions, injurious from every point of
s ‘view, should be erased from our legislation; the public will not suffer,
‘because it is exactly during the months of October, November, and December Nar
y ‘that the traffic in palin is quite insignificant. For example, during the ee
4 ‘ year 1887, when a million and a half of. pounds of foreign salmon were sold ee
‘in Paris, ‘only ninety thousand pounds were sold in these three months ay
‘combined.’ | ba” ot
There is one suggestion in Mr Humphreys’ letter of which I strongly
disapprove. It is to the following effect:—‘That an absolute and iy
‘universal close season for salmon fishing, and the dealing in salmon, io
‘in the whole of the United Kingdom, should be definitely fixed.’ sna.
_ The only thing to be urged in favour of such a recommendation is, that ae
the hard and fast uniform close time thereby fixed would tend to prevent e
poaching, and would facilitate the detection of unseasonable salmon. a
But it is an outrage on the laws of nature, so far as our Scotch salmo ‘
rivers are concerned. To fix the same close time for the Tay and the aad
Laxford, or for the Nith and the Naver, would be as unnatural as the
doings of Procrustes, who cut short those of his captives who were too
» long for his bed, and violently stretched out those who were too short for it.
et As'a general rule, all our salmon rivers between the Hope—which - |
flows into Loch Erribol on the North Coast of Sutherland—and Cape
Wrath, and southward from Cape Wrath along the West Coast of
Scotland and up to the head of the Scotch shore of the Solway Firth, are
late; whereas almost all the rivers eastward of the Hope, between it and
. ape Head, and southward between Duncansby Head and the
_ Tweed, are early. The canse of this lateness or earliness I believe to
4 arise from the relative temperatures of the fresh water of the rivers, and
® of the sea into which they flow. I stated this theory in letters to the
sh _ Scotsman in October and November 1875 ; and afterwards more fully in
4 ‘a
| = ry
46 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report
my Treatise on Salmon Fisheries in Stanford’s series of British Industries, a,
Mi, and in the Journal of the Scottish Meteorological Society in 1878. The a?
subject of early and late salmon rivers is also discussed pretty fully in
my Third Annual Report to the Fishery Board (pp. 106— 107). In the
early rivers you find fresh run fish in December and January ; in the late
+ rivers they do not ascend until May or June; so that to apply the same |
es annual close time to both groups would be preposterous.
2 Besides, we in Scotland have already had a inost fatal experience of the
; baleful effects of a hard and fast uniform close time applied to all rivers,
Ja however different in physical characteristics, under the Act 9 Geo. iv. ¢.
39, commonly known as Home Drummond’s Act. Those who wish to
; see the disastrous effects of this Act on the Scotch Salmon Fisheries, will
‘ find them fully and ably set forth im the late Mr Alexander Russel’s well-
A known book, entitled Zhe Salmon. I need here only refer to its effects
: on the Tay, which is an early river. Home Drummond’s Act extended
the netting season in all Scotch rivers to the 15th of September. The
Tay had previously closed on the 26th August; so that the Act of 1828
gave three weeks longer netting. The ruinous results of this were soon
made manifest. In 1828, the rental of the Tay was £14,574,.10s; in
1838 it had fallen to £10,285; and, in 1852, it reached its lowest
point, £7,973, 5s. About this time the Tay proprietors, seeing the folly
° of the Act of 1828, resolved voluntarily to return to the old close time,
commencing on the 27th August; and, in 1858, they applied to Parlia-
ment for a local Act, under which the net-fishing closed on 26th August.
The good effects of this return to the old close time were speedy and
satisfactory. In ten years from 1852 the rental rose to £14,080, 12s. ;
and in 1865 it had risen to £17,618, Os. 7d.
feet I venture respectfully to press upon the Board the necessity of
expressing their strong disapproval of Mr Humphreys’ recommendation of
a universal and absolute close time for the Salmon Fisheries of the
‘ | United Kingdom.
¥ I have the honour to be,
4 Your obedient Servant,
4 ARCH». YOUNG.
_—
Tue Fisuery Board For SCOTLAND.
+ *
caw
EMC Leen ee eee
NOTE IV.
REPORT TO THE FISHERY BOARD BY THE INSPECTOR
OF SALMON FISHERIES ON ‘POINTS AND SUGGES-
TIONS WITH REFERENCE TO ‘THE PROPOSED SALMON ©
‘FISHERY BILL, BY MR. C. O. HUMPHREYS, SOLICITOR |
‘OF THE FISHMONGERS COMPANY, LONDON.’
3rp JANUARY 1889.
I have the honour to report that I have read over and carefully considered _
‘Points and Suggestions with reference to the proposed new Salmon |
‘Fishery Bill,’ transmitted to the Secretary to the Fishery Board along
with a letter from Mr Charles O. Humpreys, Solicitor to the ray 4
Company, London. ae
In these suggestions Mr Humpreys proposes to have one Salmon -
Fisheries Act, applicable to the whole of the United Kingdom; and also,
‘if practicable, to have one uniform and universal absolute close time. for: ie
‘all the rivers in the United Kingdom.’ -
;
a
ee ned ee EY An LOR, 1 e aRe Ce Me AT NOM 5° ee gel om Ree Pe ve a ae
: if 5 y % - sy y ' ‘ Sy .
a Y , a” Aik, es rey \
; E pow 4 :
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. AY
. These suggestions of Mr Humphreys were brought before the Fishery
| Board in the end of September last and I had then the honour to lay :
S before the Board a Report upon them which was printed and approved i
P of by the Board. . To that Report I still adhere and beg to refer to it for :
= a detail of the strong reasons which exist for rejecting Mr Humphreys
suggestions.
i? _ I think, however, that it would be quite practicable to draw up a short
‘a Bill applicable to the United Kingdom, for the special purpose of putting
a stop to the illicit traffic in unseasonable salmon, and I have drafted the
7 clauses which I think would be necessary in Scotland. At present, the
' English acts, though still defective in some particulars, give far greater A
power for putting a stop to such traffic than the Scotch. In England, 2 ae
example, the buying, selling, offering for sale, or having in possession |
‘for the purpose of sale, any salmon caught during the extension of time
for rod-fishing is absolutely prohibited ; whereas, in Scotland, all these
Y things are legal. ‘Then the powers of search for and seizure of unseason-
7 able. salmon. posessed by water-bailifis, constables, &c., are much more
stringent under the English Acts than under the Scotch; and it may
farther be stated that, as a general rule, the English Acts throw the
‘burden of proof on the person having unseasonable salmon in his
possession; whereas the Scotch Acts, as interpreted by the decisions of the
Courts, throw the burden of proof on the prosecutor. In these respects,
the English Acts are unquestionably more efficient than ours, ori.
‘Mr Humphreys’ 4th suggestion relates to an extension and more precise Rates i
definition of the powers of seizure possessed by the Fishmongers Company
by their charter, in the city of London, the burgh of Southwark, and in .
the suburbs of the city of London, this humbly seems to me a matter for
the consideration of the Fisheries Department of the Board of Trade, and Ge
' not for this Board. ~ a ea
4 The 4th suggestion quotes from page 336 of Mr Willis Bund’s ‘Law :
‘of Salmon Fisheries in England and Wales, and proposes that there
should be a new definition of the terms ‘unclean’ and ‘unseasonable’ : be 3
fish. I venture to think that these terms ‘unclean and unseasonable Be
‘salmon,’ are pretty well understood in Scotland, though there is certainly at ae
a no definition of them in the interpretation clause of the Salmon Fisheries
' Act of 1862. (See Stewart's ‘Treatise on the Law of Scotland relating
to Rights of Fishing,’ pages 185-187). Se
Mr Humphreys’ “5th suggestion is ‘that it would be advisable in the iS:
‘new bill to give power to Municipal . Corporations of Counties and
é Baronishs, through their sanitary inspectors, to seize unseasonable and
‘unclean salmon, and authority to prosecute in such cases, even if the : em
*Fishmongers Company should receive a general power throughout .
‘England.’ ‘This seems a very good suggestion and powers in this wee
direction should probably be given to our market authorities or sanitary
inspectors in Scotland.
__... Mr Humphreys suggests that it would be advisable where prima facte
oe: evidence appears as to the sender of the fish to admit such evidence in
Courts of Justice as sufficient to call upon the person sending it to prove -
that he was not the sender; instead of having to call witnesses from a
‘s » distance to prove the ieeiparaasion of the fish from the country to London.
The following suggestion scone worthy of consideration, namely, that
Bye ps the power given by the 28 and 29 Vict. cap. 121, sect. 65, which creates
Ee, a forfeiture of the fish, should be amended by also creating a forfeiture of
q the package and all its contents, and he gives as a reason for this that very
often salmon are consigned with other fish, such as eels, whiting, &c.,
Me - plagod on the top of them, and in. the seizure of the salmon it is not ©
4 ® - Y of nie aii ne ar re,
tg Pie
7 . at . si +
48 Appendices to Highth Annual Report = = =
customary to seize the other contents of the box containing the salmon,
nor ‘is there any power to do so. By creating forfeiture of the box and —
its contents, it might prevent the sender, in many instances, transmitting
small quantities of salmon at all, if the other contents of the package —
could be seized and forfeited. os
He also proposes to make it an offence for fishmongers and others to —
deal with foreign salmon in the United Kingdom, unless they are in a
condition to prove that the salmon is foreign, by means of a special form
of declaration made at the place from which the fish is consigned, together
with special marks upon the cases containing the consignment, leaving the
onus probandi upon them, such declaration stating the number of fish and
the sex and weight of each fish.
Mr Humphreys’ thirteenth suggestion is, that the exportation of
salmon ‘should be absolutely prohibited during close time all over the
‘ United Kingdom, and not only from one particular portion. The word
‘ exportation should also include the consignment or sending of salmon ~
‘from one part of the United Kingdom to another, such as from Scotland —
‘to England, or Ireland to England, &e.’ I quite approve of this
suggestion.
It is farther suggested that there should be a clause in the new bill
making it an offence for railway servants to receive consignments of
salmon from persons who give fictitious names, and that Fishery Boards
should have increased powers for the purpose of putting a stop to poach-
ing, and ‘should be compelled to take means for the better preservation
‘of the river by employing an additional staff during the close time and
‘ otherwise.’ 3 a
With regard to this last suggestion for the compulsion of Fishery
Boards to watch the river, and employ a larger staff of water bailiffs
during close time, I can only say that in Scotland, our District Boards
protect the rivers and prosecute poachers as far as the assessments which
they are entitled to levy on the fishings will go. If they are to be com
pelled to go farther, they must have larger funds put at their disposal.
Mr Humphreys’ closing suggestions are, that power of imprisonment as
well as of inflicting a fine should be given for offences against the Act ; and
that ‘the consignment of unclean or unseasonable salmon from Aberdeen
‘or Hull, or other places, to London, should be liable to be prosecuted in
‘any county and town through which the salmon passes, whether entirely _ 4
“by land, or partly by land and partly by water ; as well as at the place
‘from which the consignment is made, and the place to which it is —
‘ consigned.’
I quite approve of both of these suggestions. Ree,
I have been thus particular in noticing the suggestions contained in Mr
Humphreys’ elaborate paper, in case any member of the Fishery Board —
should agree with him in thinking that it would be expedient and desir- ©
able to carry consolidation and centralisation so far as to have one Salmon
Fisheries Act embracing the whole of the United Kingdom, and one
universal and absolute close time for all salmon rivers, regardless of
whether they are naturally late or naturally early. Personally, I have
the strongest possible conviction that it would be difficult to imagine any- _
thing more impracticable and inexpedient than an attempt to construct —
a Salmon Fisheries Act which should apply both to England and Scotland. _
It is at all times a difficult task to engraft the laws and usages of one
country upon those of another, where they have been, for centuries, —
essentially different. The extent and character of the waters over which
rights of salmon fishing extend; the nature of the titles required to con- _
stitute a right of salmon fishing ; the description of engines used; the
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 49
constitutions and powers of Fishery Boards; the way in which money is
raised for the protection of the fisheries; and many other things have
long been essentially different in England and Scotland, and it humbly
appears to me that any attempt to reconcile them by a consolidating Act
would only end in failure and disaster.
q I have the honour to be,
Your obedient Servant,
.ARCH®, YOUNG.
Tue Fisuery BoarpD FoR SCOTLAND.
a NOTE V.
' REPORT TO THE FISHERY BOARD BY THE INSPECTOR OF
oN SALMON FISHERIES ON THE APPLICATION BY THE
a. TWEED COMMISSIONERS TO THE SECRETARY FOR
| SCOTLAND FOR A GUNBOAT FOR THE TWEED.
a 129a Ocroser 1889.
I wave the honour to report that I have carefully read over and con-
sidered certain documents, relating to Memorials to the Secretary for
ae a
- ~~ ‘
a > ~*~
' the mouth of the River Tweed against illegal fishing, transmitted to me
' for my observations thereon, in two letters from the Secretary to the
_ Fishery Board, the first dated 26th September and the second 11th
October 1889. |
A Memorial from the Tweed Commissioners to have a gunboat stationed
to protect the mouth of the Tweed against illegal netting, has already been
under the consideration of the Fishery Board, and they reported against
the prayer of that Memorial for the following reasons—because similar
applications from other rivers had been refused, and it would be in-
expedient to make an exception in favour of the Tweed ; because the
_ Board were not satisfied that the local authorities had done their utmost to
_ put down illegal fishing in the mouth of the Tweed ; because the Board
_ do not consider it advisable to create undue friction between the public
services and the fishermen; and because the Board have not hitherto
acknowledged the principle that Government should protect the private
_ Secretary for Scotland informed the Tweed Commissioners that he did not
feel justified in pressing the Admiralty for the services of a gunboat,
until it has been shown that the responsible local authorities had done all
_ in their power to check the evil complained of.
_ Sinee this refusal, another application for the services of a gunboat has
been made to the Secretary for Scotland by the Tweed Commissioners.
ttl is dated 13th September last, and narrates the steps taken by the Com-
_ missioners, since the refusal of their previous application, to cope with
the organised bands of fishermen and others engaged in salmon poaching.
% An extra force of water bailiffs was not found sufficient, and it was
~ therefore, resolved to get a steam-tug to carry a number of bailiffs, and
to search for and destroy all nets and engines illegally fishing within the
| 4,
a NG
- Scotland from the Tweed Commissioners, praying for a gunboat to protect
interests of Salmon Fishery proprietors. The result was that the.
“ ae of the mouth of the Tweed ; and it will be seen from the Report of _
ae, ie % Ai a vr
“ , te : he 7m Rese .
; ’ , , z : ne : ag
50 Appendices to Eighth Annual Lieport ay
the Tweed Commissioners, that no fewer than 175 nets, &c., were 80
taken during the last season; 103 being taken during the months of
October, November, and December, when salmon come along the coast, —
and are ascending the river for the purpose of spawning. The expenses |
entailed by these measures for the repression of poaching were, however
very heavy; and last year it is stated that they exceeded the revenue
by £120, and the excess of expenditure over revenue amounted to £385,
15s. 7d. It must also be kept in view that the statutory assessment
under the Tweed Acts is no less than 20 per cent. on the rental of the —
fishings, so that, accepting the above statements as correct, the local —
authorities on the Tweed appear to have spared no exertion and grudged
no expense in order to carry out the provisions of the Acts which
they were created to administer, and which it is their duty to
‘* enforce.
In their Memorial, the Commissioners farther state that they are in the
course of making arrangements for the protection of the river during the
close season which commenced on the 15th of last month ; that they pro-
pose to carry out the same policy that they pursued last year in the sea
district, namely, to rely chiefly upon suppressing poaching there by
capturing nets illegally set, and thus rendering poaching unprofitable ; and
that they have already hired a steam tug-boat at considerable expense,
which is te be at their command for several weeks. They point out, at
the same time, that the resources of the Commissioners are already over-
taxed, and that the present heavy assessment of 20 per cent. on the
rental of the fisheries cannot be increased. ‘They conclude their Mem-
orial in the following terms :—
ts It has been reported, and the Commissioners have every reason to believe, that
the fishermen on the sea coast and estuary of the river are preparing, whenever
the close time for netting begins, at which time the boats, nets, and engines of
the lessees and occupants of the fisheries must be removed and stored, to proceed
with illegal fishing in a more determined manner than heretofore, and that
quantities of nets have been manufactured for illicit use. The result of such a
resolution on the part of the fishermen cannot be contemplated by the Tweed
Board without concern, as from their antecedent conduct, and their present state
of hostile determination, there is much reason to fear that they may employ their
large keel boats in force to oppose the bailliffs while performing their duty at
sea and on board the tug-boat, when a serious collision might ensue which
might possibly lead to bloodshed or loss of life. The Commissioners havemade
all arrangements in their power, consistent with their means, to protect the
interests under their management, and they cannot expect any material assis- y
tance from a landforce, such as the County or Burgh Police, in endeavouring to
suppress lawlessness which can only be successfully combated at sea, -they
would, therefore, respectively venture again to solicit the assistance of the
Government in the critical position in which they are placed. They hope and. —
have no reason to doubt that, as on former occasions, the mere presence of one ~
of Her Majesty’s gunboats will be sufficient in itself to prevent any serious
infraction of the law, and they earnestly trust that the desired help will be imme-
diately afforded.
Since the above Memorial was forwarded, Mr Tait, Clerk to the Tweed |
Commissioners, has transmitted to the Secretary for Scotland, on the 5th —
of this month, a copy of a Police Report made to the Tweed Com-— 4
missioners by the Superintendent of Bailliffs, on the 29th of last month, — oe
showing the course of events at the mouth of the river and along the sea-
coast. Fromthisit appears that, between the 7th and 27thSeptember, thirty — .
hang-nets were seized and destroyed. A collision is also reported to have —
taken place between the bailliffsanda number of Burnmouth fishermen, who —
left Burnmouth in twelve boats in order to prevent the baillifis ‘from
capturing certain nets illegally set in Burnmouth Bay. It is stated that
Onn
So Ee PRY St ete hy een ber, MOTE
=
Pct
eb Re ‘4 “ ee, A OL i ; Ais Pro TAL: ie A ee ee een et a eT Tk pa Awe CES ete iy” p
Nk eae ee RN ole keen i ke Se ei we a ada Thee hd Mal ba a Xe |
era Sa ts » ct iN ry, & ’ ie 5. i a ny
‘owt
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 51
these fishermen surrounded the cobles in which the. bailiffs were, threw
stones at them and struck them, and followed them to the steam-tug which
4 came to their rescue.
From what has been stated above, it seems clear that the position now
_ power—we have even overtaxed our resources and got into debt —in order
| __ effectually to enforce the provisions of the Tweed Fisheries Acts which
we were created to carry into effect. In spite of this, however, we find
a ourselves unable to put down the organised system of salmon poaching
which is carried on during the annual close time in the mouth of the
river and along the sea-coast by large bodies of fishermen, who have shown
r that they are ready to resort to violence, if necessary, in order to prosecute
their illegal calling. Under these circumstances, we call upon Her
| __ of all our efforts, we have found ourselves unable adequately to enforce.
| We think that the mere presence of one of Her Majesty’s gunboats,
) ——_ stationed near the mouth of the Tweed, would be sufficient to overawe the
| __ law breakers, and we therefore earnestly request it.
i There is, it humbly seems to me, a good deal to be said in support of the
' _ position taken up by the Tweed Commissioners. It is their duty to en-
» force the Tweed Fishery Acts: and if the means at their disposal are too
weak to put down organised and determined lawlessness, then Govern-
ment, as the great protector of law and order, may legitimately step in and
“upply the assistance needed. On the other hand, if the Tweed Fisheries
_ Acts are unjust and oppressive, they ought to be repealed, but by
_ legal and constitutional means, and they should certainly not be suffered to
fall into abeyance in deference to organised violence and lawlessness. If
Government declines to afford assistance to the Commissioners in the
| ‘present critical position of affairs, it seems not at all unlikely that the
result will be that the law breakers, having the larger force on their side,
will succeed in violating the law with impunity, and so make the Tweed
_ Acts and their local administrators practically useless. No doubt, if a
_ gunboat were stationed on the Tweed, a collision might take place between
| her and the poachers, and serious consequences might ensue ; and the
question to consider and decide is just this—Is it better to run the risk of
- such consequences, by enforcing the law, or to avoid all chance of such
consequences by leaving the suppression of poaching entirely in the hands
» of the local authorities, who have publicly and repeatedly declared that
they are unable to put it down?
About fifteen years ago, a gunboat was stationed in the Tweed for the
_ protection of the fishings, and a collision took place between the poachers
and some of her crew while engaged in assisting the water bailliffs, in
_ which two of the former were wounded. Full details regarding this col-
lision will be found in the second volume of the Report of 1875 onthe
operation of the Tweed Fishery Acts, by Mr Spencer Walpole and myself
(pages 1 to 3), to which reference is made. | )
_ Itis, perhaps, proper to state, in conclusion, that the limits of th
- mouth of the Tweed, about which such complaints have been made on
_ account of their extending five miles seawards, or beyond the limits of the
territorial seas were first fixed, more than ninety years ago, by the third
_ section of the Act of 1797, the preamble of which is especially worthy of
__ attention, as it clearly sets forth the reasons which induced the Legislature
_ Berwick fishermen so strongly object. It is as follows :—
_ Whereas, notwithstanding the provisions of the said Acts, idle and disorderly
persons make a practice of fishing for salmon, grilses, salmon-trouts, and
ha au 1
Bt
| taken up by the Tweed Commissioners is this. We have done all in our —
- Majesty’s Government to assist us in vindicating the law, which, in spite.
to fix the five-mile limit seawards from low-water mark, to which the |
‘
vt
é
ry
ay a
ri
\ 4 *
:
v.
ay
,
Bm
te
ae
of {
A ae
ri
-
.. WA tay © os yee aw a
4 o 4 i
- é 5 Voy Pee aN
- maf. ee he
4 “ a pow
iran ee noe
j ve
. 2
52 : Appendices to Eighth Annual aire. ihe
whitlings within the mouth or entrance of the said river Tweed, and by setting ,
of bob-nets and other nets therein, intercept and obstruct the free passage of
such fish into the said river, to the manifest detriment and loss of the proprietors
and occupiers thereof ; and whereas also, by means of sloops, vessels, cobles or
boats constructed for the purpose of catching white fish at sea, or for other
purposes, such idle and disorderly persons fish for salmon , grilses, salmon-
trouts, and whitlings beyond and further towards the sea than the mouth or
entrance of the said river extends, by such means not only destroying and
dispersing the said fish (which at certain seasons of the year are known te make
in shoals to the fresh water), and by such means driving many of them from the
coast ; for remedy of which, may it please your Majesty that it may be enacted,
&e.
i
I have the honour to be,
Your obedient Servant,
ARCHD. YOUNG.
Tue FisHerRyY BoarD FOR SCOTLAND.
NOTE VI.
REPORT BY THE INSPECTOR OF SALMON FISHERIES TO —
THE FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND, ON THE RIVER —
LOSSIE.
18TH Marca 1890.
I have the honour to report that, in accordance with the instructions of
the Board, I inspected last week the River Lossie. a
In my first Report to the Fishery Board I wrote as follows with regard
to the Lossie :—
‘The Lossie rises in a small loch called Loch Trevie, and falls into the
‘Moray Firth at Lossiemouth after a course of 25 miles. Near ~
‘the town of Elgin it is very much obstructed by several dams, which
‘prevent the ascent of fish to the upper waters. It also suffers from
‘pollutions. When I inspected the uppermost dam in March last, it had
‘been partially broken down close to the right bank of the river by a flood- —
‘but if it be repaired, its long sloping wooden face will be quite imprac;.
‘ticable, especially for spawning fish. The dam immediately below is in-
‘connection with a brewery. It is high and steep, and has no salmon pass.
‘The lowest dam, which supplies water for Mr Jobnston’s tweed manu- ~
‘factory, is the highest, steepest, and worst of the series. It has no pass —
‘or ladder of any kind. These dams quite block up the river, and the ~
‘lowest is not above 6 miles from the sea. There are no hecks at the :
‘tail-lades ; and the tail-lade of Mr Johnston’s mill, where it joins the —
‘ Logaie, when I saw it, was nearly as large as the river. In very me
‘weather it must withdraw much tbe greater part of the stream in order to
‘supply the mill. , Stake and bag-nets are allowed to fish within 200 ©
‘yards of each side of the mouth of the river, The rental of the Lossie i is
‘£185, and the sea fishing is in the hands of two proprietors —the Duke of “a
‘Richmond and Captain Dunbar Brander. There is no Distriet Board.
‘The river itself belongs to the Earl of Moray, and is rented by ea
‘Dunbar Brander.’
What I then wrote, seven years ago, applies to the Lossie to-day. — There _
are no fish-passes on the dams; no hecks at the intake and tail-lades; no
District Board. The Bye law regulating dams and lades might as welll
never have been pent so far as the Lossie is concerned. The only —
lot me eta V0 Wi SR RS i fe PSV Dees OPO: Rene Meme
ey sue hae Lisi Vi al it Dy Tart, ae es f ? s , 4 ‘ ar } hy
ff Nt Resi nt va Mins <
, bib ae : : ‘ f , ' :
i ey ’
: ty J ‘ j
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 53
{ difference since my first Report to the Board is that the sloping wooden ” é
4 face mentioned in the third sentence of the quotation has not been replaced.
_ The apron of the dam is now of stone, but still there is no pass or ladder
; of any kind. :
Y On the 13th March I inspected the three principal dams on the Lossie, Bishop’s Mill,
Owing to the melting of the snows, the river was a good deal swollen—-
7 about 18 inches, perhaps, above its average level. Bishop’s Mill was the
first I examined. The dam which supplies this mill had a mere fringe of
a black water flowing over its crest. All below was white, broken water,
F down to the very foot of the apron of the dam. A fish-pass, however,
a might easily be made. There is no heck on the intake-lade connected with
| this dam, which flows under several houses, and, in the absence of a heck ay:
to prevent the entrance of fish into it from the river, it affords exceptional ry
| facilities for poaching. After emerging from its subterranean course ‘
‘a under the houses, the lade flows for a considerable distance through open
' ground. But there is no heck at the tail-lade where it joins the river-—at
4 which point the tail-lade is about 20 feet wide. When the river is low, I
4g have no doubt that this lade draws off by far the larger part of the water;
and, there being no heck at the tail-lade, any fish that may be running up
naturally enters the tail-lade, where there is the chief run of water, instead .
of ascending the river. Gay.
-I next inspected Deanshaugh Mill. The dam here is not a serious Deanshaugh ie
obstruction ; and, when I saw it, the water being high, fish might easily ae ite
have got up at one corner of the dyke. But when the river is low, this
' _ and the other dams are said to have no water flowing over them, almost ef
9 all the water going to the mills. There are no hecks on the lade. Te
‘ The dam for the supply of this extensive mill is the highest and most Messrs i
“d obstructive on the river, and the lade connected with it draws off the reese ys
| largest. quantity of water. The dam cannot be less than 7 feet in height, “ * ms
-and the apron is a very steep one. The water flowing over it was white i}
' and broken. ‘There is no fish-pass. But it would neither be difficult 4. oe ee
' __ nor expensive to make a subsidiary dam at the narrowest point of the Pitee
river, about 20 yards below the main dam, which would enable salmon en
and sea-trout to ascend easily. There are no hecks on the lade connected Pe
with this mill ; and even in the high state of the river, there was as much aed
water in the lade as in the river ; and after a long course of dry weather ,
I have no doubt that the river bed between the foot of the dam and the ;
tail-lade must be nearly dry. . ae
Captain Dunbar Brander is both a proprietor of salmon fishings in the Captain ele
district of the Lossie and the lessee of all the salmon fishings in the river. Dunbar TH,
But when he prosecuted for a breach of the provisions of the Bye-law ane. Se ed ae
(Schedule G), ordering hecks to be placed on every intake and tail-lade, contravention
’ the Sheriff found that he had no title to prosecute, and that such a 0 the Bye-
_ prosecution could only be raised at the instance of the Clerk to a District “”” Big,
_ Board. Captain Dunbar Brander states that as the other two proprietors eens
- on the Lossie decline to apply to the Sheriff of the county, in terms of the ‘a
3rd section of the Salmon Fisheries Act of 1868, to have a District Board
. constituted, he is utterly helpless under the above decision, and can do
_ nothing whatever to enforce the provisions of the Salmon Fishery Acts,
_ which he would do at once, if he had the title to prosecute,
The 28th section of the Salmon Fishery Act of 1862, and the 30th Sections of
_ section of the Salmon Fishery Act of 1868, provide that ‘all offences under the Salmon
_ ‘this Act may be prosecuted, and all penalties under this Act may be eet) |
_ ‘recovered, before any Sheriff, or any two or more Justices of the Peace title to prose-
‘acting together and having jurisdiction in the place where the offence cute.
‘was committed, at the instance of the Clerk of any District Board, or of
?
, ‘
ae ne BeghV. Re tay et lis ean
ie Saticy Fe EA otek Si
y Gi? Eset Sy Wi aes ee De:
Be 54 Appendices to Highth Annual Report
. ‘any other person.’ The 37th section of the Act of 1868 provides that
Pa ‘any proprietor of a fishery shall be held to have a good title and interest _
; 5 ‘at law to sue by action any other proprietor or occupier of a fishery | |
i ‘within the district, or any other person who shall use any illegal engine
; ‘or illegal mode of fishing for catching salmon within the district.’ a
,, These sections of the “Acts, it humbly seems to me, are sufficient to
: entitle Captain Dunbar Brander to prosecute the mill-owners on the Lossie
$ Brin! for contravening a Bye-law under the 15th section of the Salmon Fisheries
Act of 1868, which inflicts penalties on every person ‘ who in any way
Pee ‘contravenes any Bye-law.’ I was informed that the section upon which
, the Sheriff relied in support of his decision that Captain Dunbar Brander —
is not entitled to prosecute is the 29th section of the Salmon Fisheries
Act of 1862, which provides that ‘im the event of any person refusing or
‘neglecting. to obey any Bye-law made by the Commissioners, or any
‘regulation made by the District Board, the Clerk may apply to the
ae ‘Sheriff by summary petition in ordinary form, praying to have such
wu ‘person ordained to obey the same, and the Sheriff shall take such
‘ proceedings and make such orders thereupon as he shall think just.’ |
“agar With regard to the validity of the Commissioners’ Bye-law (Schedule
‘s _ G), ordering hecks to be placed on the intake and tail-lades of mills and
; manufactories, and. the obligation on owners and occupiers to put such
Res | hecks on at their own expense, there cannot be the slightest doubt, since
Giahtot the decision in the case of ‘Kennedy v. Murray, 8th July 1869, i in
‘Kennedy x. which it was held (1) that the Commissioners had power to make Bye.
Biney: laws as to lades, dams, &c., although not in process of construction or
repair ; (2) that they had power to impose an obligation on owners and
occupiers to execute the works embraced in the Bye-laws at their own
cost ; and (3) that the provision to the effect that the regulations to be
made hy the Commissioners should not interfere with any right held at
the passing of the Act under royal grant or charter, or possessed from time ~
mmmemorial, did not free the proprietor of a mill so held from the obliga-
tion under the Act to place hecks, &c., as specified in the Regulations.
I have the honour to be,
Your obedient Servant,
ARCH”. YOUNG.
P.S.—Since writing the above, I find a case (‘Blair v, Sandeman &
‘Lumsden, 20th July 1869 ’) in which the decision of the Court of Session
may possibly be considered adverse to Captain Dunbar Brander’s title to
pursue. Iu that case, a complaint under the Summary Precedure Act, ~~
1864, for contravention of Bye-law relative to the construction and altera- =|
tion of mill dams, &c., concluding for penalties, was dismissed as
incompetent, on the ground that proceedings for enforcement of Byelaw _
must first be taken under section 29 of 25 and 26 Vict. cap. 97, the
respondent, failing obedience, being then liable to be proceeded against ._
under section 28 of that Act, as kept in force by section 30 of 31 and 32 —
Viet. cap. 123. ;
»
With reference to the above it should be mentioned that if the decision — 4
of the Sheriff at Elgin should be appealed from, and should be confirmed
by the Court of Session, the result would be that, in those Districts where “a
there are no District Boards, and consequently no District Board Clerks, a
no proprietor of Salmon Fisheries could prosecute for the contravention of
~
oe ay»
‘ : J , i ‘Elke ae VO. « ialle” he :
. : : f ¢ ae . ek f) .
a ' a, ohge a pay pesky ge ote os 2
2 . » 4 ‘9 ’ bd of
‘ t ies ‘ te
Le: pnt’ ae 2 ri) . : 4 A { nay ae - oe vf ’ i
aah re 2a er | ch, 1 tere’ ee! he af pT Saat vinieasleks fy, Rei i See eg ai igs oe
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 55
Y. any Bye-law—a most unfortunate result, when it is considered that more
| than half the Fishery Districts in Scotland have no District Boards.
It is somewhat curious that a decision has recently been given in
4 England which will have something like the effect on the English inland
is fisheries, which a confirmation of the Sheriff of Elgin’s judgment would
} have on the inland fisheries of Scotland, and which is thus commented on
in Land and Water of 10th May last in a leading article entitled ‘A
| * Danger to our Fisheries’:—‘ A decision given by the Queen’s Bench
‘ Division last week, in the case of Andrews v. Hamlin, is of more than
‘ordinary importance to Fishery Boards. ‘The precise facts of the case are
| not worth discussing, but the decision is of far-reaching importance. In
‘effect it decided that no one but Fishery Boards can prosecute for
q ‘penalties under. the Salmon and Fresh-water Fishery Acts. It had
Pe _© previously been decided that under the Sea-fishery Act, only the officers
Mf ‘appointed under it could sue for penalties, and that is now followed up by
| ‘this, that only the Fishery Boards can sue for pgnalties under the Salmon
‘and Fresh-water Fishery Acts, the reason for the decision being that it isa
' : frule of law, extending from the time of Lord Mansfield, that when the
ig -* penalties under a statute are given to any particular body that body alone
* penalty is recovered on the information of a Fishery Board, or of a person
‘authorised by a Fishery Board, the whole of the penalty goes to the Board,
: ‘and, taking hold of this provision, the Court held that this gives the
i ‘penalties to the Board ; and that, therefore, the Board alone could sue for
4 ‘them. The first thing that strikes us is, how is the law to be enforced in
‘places where there is no Fishery Board? If only Fishery Boards can sue
‘for the penalty, then who can do so in places like the Thames, where there
_ ‘is no Board, the Thames Conservancy not being a Fishery Board, within
‘the meaning of the Act, or in places like Essex, Cambridgeshire, or the
‘other places on the coast of England, where there is no board? The logical
‘conclusion seems to be that in these places the Act cannot be enforced.
‘At first this may seem to be a very small matter, but it is of a far more
‘ widely-reaching nature than is imagined, for the penalties of the Fresh-
‘water Fisheries Act can only be enforced by means of the Salmon Acts,
_ ‘and if there is no Fishery Board the penalties of the Fresh-water Fishery
) ‘Act cannot be enforced at all. So.that in the parts of England where
| ‘coarse fish are mostly found the Act that has been passed for their pro-
‘tection will be a dead letter. Where no Fishery Board exists a still more
4 ‘serious difficulty exists ; for instance, for some part of its course half the
— ‘Avon that:flows byStratford is in Worcestershire and half in Warwickshire.
' * The Worcestershire half is in the Severn Fishery District, the Warwickshire
“half is not; the result is that a man can be prosecuted for fishing in one half
*the stream, but not in the other half. Or further, if a man catches fresh-
water fish and offers them for sale out of a fishery district, he cannot be
‘prosecuted. Hitherto the idea has been that the law prohibited the sale
‘of fish during close time throughout the whole of England and Wales, now
‘the law is that this only applies to fishery districts, and that outside
‘fishery districts a person cannot be prosecuted for selling fish during close
‘time ; for Fishery Boards have no jurisdiction outside their districts.
__.‘ And as only Fishery Boards can enforce the Act, and they cannot enforce
‘it outside their districts, all throughout the Thames watershed, in London,
‘Reading, and Oxford, fresh-water fish can be sold without any difficulty.
_ There is another view of the question that is still more important. There
_ “are certain streams, like the Test and the Itchen, that are full of trout,
» ‘and the landowners have always refused to have such streams made into
‘fishery districts. We have often thought they were wise in doing so; but
- ‘can sue for them. Under the Salmon Fishery Act, 1873, sec. 62, if the
, 56 Appendices to Eighth Annual Report. ie bet pee ri | é
‘the result is startling ; there being no Fishery Board, none of the penalties | a
‘under the Act of 1861 can be enforced. There is nothing to prevent the _
y ‘trout being speared, roe being used for bait, or trout taken all the year
eae ‘round. It is rather a judgment on the oa iatieen ofsome of the landowners.
i ‘They would not come into a district for the common good, but stood out
ake ‘for their own ends in refusing to have common action. The consequence
‘is that they now find themselves delivered over as a prey to the poacher. |
‘ But all these are but minor matters compared to the stop this decision
‘has put to that most important work that the Fishmongers’ Company
‘has been doing for some years past in connection with our salmon fisheries.
‘As is well known, the Fishmongers’ Compauy, with a zeal that does them
os ‘ the greatest credit, have taken up the question of the traffic in salmon
‘during close time to France and the Continent, and-have succeeded, after
‘much hard work, to a great extent in reducing that traffic, the result
of ‘being to cause a reduction of poaching in the winter on our rivers. The
BEN ‘effect of the decision of the Queen’s Bench Division is to put an end to
re ‘this work of the Fishmonger’s Company. They are nota Fishery Board
‘appointed under the Fishery Acts, and, according to the Lord Chief-
‘Justice, they cannot, therefore, take proceedings under these Acts.
| ‘There is for the future no one that can do this in London, and next close
Reet ‘season, unless something is done, the trade in unclean salmon will go on
‘with France without any restriction. Anything more unfortunate —
‘Se ‘it is difficult to imagine. The good work the Fishmongers’ Com-
. / ‘pany have done for some years past will be all undone, and our rivers
| ‘will be far more poached than ever. We do not hesitate to say that
‘unless something is done in the course of the present Session to empower
‘it to stop the trade in unclean salmon in the course of next autumn and
“ae ‘ winter, our fisheries will receive a blow that it will take years to get over.
y ‘The question arises, What is to be done? If the Board of Trade had
‘really the interests of the fishermen at heart, they would have moved in
an | ‘the matter, but we see no sign of theirdoing it. We presume they know
pee . ‘of the decision, which, no doubt, they are considering if it applies to any-
a < ‘ thing, or is of any importance, not recognising that it upsets the whole of
‘our system of fish preservation. Some member might get up in Parlia- —
ha ‘ment and ask if the Board had heard of the case, and what they intended
YE ‘doing ; but, while they are considering, precious time is being lost. We
f ‘feel that immediate action should be taken, and our great hope is that
«) | ‘the Fishmongers’ Company, who have already done so much for the
ree ‘ fishermen, will come to our aid at this pinch. A short Bill of one clause,
% ; ‘saying that where no Fishery Board exists any person could recover the
‘penalties under the Fishery Acts, is all we want, and we feel sure that
‘the Fishmongers’ Company have enough members of Parliament in their
7H ‘ranks to push such a Bill through at once. If it is said that the power
‘ ‘should not be given to private persons, then give it to public bodies like
st ‘this great company ; but it must be given to some one, and unlehs gues a
ae ‘at once it will be too late.’
B.
Bhi!
=
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 5
“I
NOTE VII.
REPORT BY THE INSPECTOR OF SALMON FISHERIES TO THE
FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND ON THE CRUIVES ON
THE RIVER EARN.
22np Aprit 1890.
i I have the honour to report that, as directed by the Fishery Board, I
: inspected the cruive dike at Dupplin, and the other cruive dikes on the
River Earn, on the 7th and 8th of April 1890.
The Karn is ove of the largest and most important tributaries of the
| Tay. It has its source in Loch Earn. Its length, measured along the
1 windings, is 46+ miles—133 trum Loch Earn to Crieff Bridge; 24? from
1 Crieff Bridge to Bridge of Earn; and 8} thence to its junction with the
| Tay. In many places it winds greatly, especially from Forteviot to
| Bridge of Earn. It receives a good many tributary streams, such as the
i Ruchill, the Lednoch, the Turret, the Machany, the Ruthven, and the
May.
There are several obstructions in the course of the Earn, three of them
being cruive dikes belonging to proprietors who have titles to fishing by
4 means of cruives. These cruives seem to have attracted the attention of
rE the Tay District Board a long time ago; as in a ‘ Note of Particulars
i ‘requiring attention in any new Salmon Fisheries Act, agreed to at a
‘meeting of the Tay District Board of 13th May 1870,’ which is printed
in the Appendix to the Report of 1871 by Messrs Buckland and Young,
on the effect of recent legislation on the Salmon Fisheries in Scotland,
there is the following paragraph :—‘ The Board recommend to the Com-
‘ missioners to take into consideration the subject of eruives, which is at
P ‘ present in an unsatisfactory state.’
q All cruives—and I have inspected all the cruives in Scotland—confer
s more or less of a monoply of the fishings on their possessor, and, more or
less, injure the fishings of the proprietors above them ; and these pro-
prietors are entitled to insist that the provisions of the Bye-law (Schedule
F’) which regulates the construction and use of eruives, shall be strictly
observed ; and it is the duty of the District Board, where there is one,
to see that these provisions are enforced.
_ On the other hand, it should be remembered that the right to cruive
ia fishing, when legal, is held by such ancient and special titles, and has
a been so often recognised and sanctioned by statute, that it cannot be done
away with without giving compensation to the owner or owners of the
cruives.
Where the title to cruive fishing exists and is generally recognised, the
- question with regard to it is a very simple one. The right exists, and
the only restraints upon it are the provisions of Schedule F', which forms
part of the Salmon Fishery Acts of 1862 and 1868, and which regulates
the construction and use of cruives. Given the right of cruive fishing,
no one can interfere with it, provided it is carried on in conformity with
the provisions of the Bye-law. But if it is not so carried on, then the
_ Bye-law, in terms of the 15th section of the Salmon Fisheries Act of
S 1868. .
; The lowest and most important cruive dike on the Earn is that at
Dupplin. The dike here is very long and very old, stretching across the
river in a curved form, and having a length of about 200 yards. It has
owner renders himself liable to the penalties for the contravention of a_
args . COR SE SO ain ae ee
3 eae iy
S 4 ea he J oF pate Me
s 58 Appendices to Highth Annual Report MEP WY Re
} : a perpendicular height of at least 10 feet, with a very steep gradient or Ag
oR slope. There is no fish-pass on it, nor is it necessary that there should
s be one, as it is a cruive dike. But, except in very high water, it isa
a great obstruction to the upward progress of fish. It is not constructéd — ‘a
ne and worked in terms of the Bye-law in many respects ; and here it should —_
ig be remembered that cruives being in the character of monoplies, all the
a provisions of the Bye-law regulating them must be viewed as stvictissime
>! juris, that is to say, they must be carried out to the very letter. ~
“as The cruive box at Dupplin is 15 feet long by 10 feet in width. The
2 gradient of the apron below sill is 1 in 14. On the down stream side of
R ( the upper hecks there are four wooden posts, each 5 inches square, placed,
Bice at irregular intervals, which I think are illegal, and most decidedly inter-
ree sf fere with the ascent of salmon, even when the hecks are removed, and
the inscales removed or kept open for the space of 4 feet ; the intention
of the Bye-law clearly being that, during the annual and weekly close
times, the cruive should present no obstruction whatever to the upward
progress of fish. The following sketch, for which I am indebted to Mr
James Ritchie, C.E., Perth, will show the position of these posts, and the
spaces between them.
L
The upper hecks, though 3 inches apart, are not bevelled offzas directed | r
in the Bye-law, and are 6 inches in the up and down way of the stream,
and 34 inches thick, instead of, as directed in the Bye-law, ‘not more
‘than 2 inches thick, and not more than 4 inches broad in the up and
‘down way of the stream.’ The opening between the extremities of the
inscales was 7 inches, and the space between the bars of the inscales
varied from 1? to the statutory 2 inches. :
T am plenoad to be able to say that the factor and agent of Lord ~
Kinnoul, when this was pointed out to them, at once intimated their
willingness to have the cruive altered so as to be in conformity with the
provisions of the Bye-law. f
It was stated to me, on my first visit to the Earn, when the river was
too high to admit of my inspecting the Dupplin cruive, that the cruive —
dike had been heightened 2 feet in defiance of the provisions of the 9am
Bye-law, the last section of which provides that ‘no cruive shall beso
‘altered as to create a greater obstruction to the free passage of fish than
‘at present exists.’ The date of that Byelaw is 19th July 1865; and
the head keeper at Dupplin, who has been there for thirty-five years,
most distinctly declares that the dike has never been heightened in his
time.* ,
There is another cruive on the Earn, above Dupplin, at Strathallan, —
about 6 miles below Crieff, which is a very serious obstruction to the |
passage of salmon; and, still further up, there is the dam at Dornoch, —
where Lord Willoughby has a right to cruive fishing. But he hasin the
a oe
Se en ae, oe eee
- » Or ae OF ye eS
5.3
a
a
Bt
:
he
“ule
es
eee!
* Since writing the above, I have received from Messrs Condie & Co., writers, art
Perth, the precognitions of James Irvine, head keeper, Dupplin, and of David - ae
Taylor, contractor, Perth, to the effect that, though Dupplin dike has been more
‘than once restored in part, since the date of the Bye-law (Schedule F), in order to 4 vi
repair the damage done by floods, it nae never been Repo len, but always kept at
the same level,
is 4 :
Pa ee |
‘t ; _ ¥ % ‘ . vai s
“We > a " 7 ~ t
v ; } eye ‘ \ id * she a a eh
ee. . sh et 3
he ae
2 :
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 59 mies
, most liberal manner done away with the cruive, and has incurred con- oe
siderable expense in putting a fish-pass on the dike. Unfortunately, the ae
fish-pass has been very badly constructed, with far too steep a gradient, so 9
that, instead of facilitating the ascent of salmon over the high and steep
dike on which it has been placed, it is really about the worst place in the |
whole extent of the dike for fish to surmount. This dike isinacurved © ee
| form, and probably the best way to assist the ascent of salmon would be Ce
to build a short subsidiary dam, about 4 feet high, below the main dam (iN
across the curve, which is on the right bank of the river. ff,
‘Between Dornoch dike and Strathallan there are mill-dams at $e!
| Colquhalzie and Millearn, neither of which have fish-passes. But they _ :(
. . . . ° 4 a :
| are not very serious obstructions when the river is in such a state as to 5 “
| induce salmon to run. Still the fact remains that in about fifteen miles i
of river there are three cruive dikes—all of them steep and lofty—-and gt
two mill-dams. ae
I have the honour to be, A
Your obedient Servant,
es | ARCH». YOUNG. a
| Tue FisHery Boarp FoR SCOTLAND. a
NOTE VIII. ene
THE MDONALD FISHWAY UNSUITABLE FOR SCOTCH
RIVERS.
4 ~The M‘Donald Fishways at Ashbank and Westfield Dam Dykes, on
the River Ericht, give ample proof that until some plan be devised for
keeping sand and gravel from entering the tubes, they are totally
unsuited for the mountain streams of Scotland. The construction of the
M‘Donald Fishway is a long square-made spout, made of strong planking ie
_ with two floors or decks. The under floor or deck being filled with oe
square wooden tubes running from the left side of the spout to the right Be i
if side in a direction slanting downwards, so that the lower end of the tubes Bae oi
¥ strike the right side of the spout several feet lower down. The lower
| end of the tube then turns upwards, and the water which has acquired ye
" considerable force by this time is delivered in an upward direction on to “A agpate
the top floor or upper deck (which is the deck the salmon pass over), . See
_ where it strikes against the water coming down the upper deck, the meeting _ ni! et
| of the opposing currents causing the water to remain slack, thus allowing Bae ev
| the salmon to pass up. Four or five of the tubes at the top of the :
fishway are filled directly from the river, and the remaining tubes all
the way down are filled by the water from the upper deck, the water
being caught by a sort of flange at the top of each tube. The water
__ thus caught runs down the tube in the lower deck, and is again thrown in an
__ upward direction on to the upper deck, and this is repeated all the way down.
| Now what inevitably happens in these tubes is this. Whenever a spate
comes, be it large or small, a lot of sand and gravel is hurled down the
_ streams into and over the fishway, finding its way into these tubes, passing
along them right enough until it reaches the lower end of the tube at the
elbow or upward turn. Layer after layer of sand and gravel whirl about
. in the corner (the strength of the water although considerable, being
unable to throw the sand and gravel on to the upper deck) until it
ultimately gets filled up, and the tube gradually gets filled up. The flow of
60. Appendices to Highth Annual Report
water from the tubes of course is then at an end, and the water on bh we
upper deck, having now no check by the water thrown backwards from the ae
tubes, rushes down unobstructed at a fearful pace, especially when on a a
gradient of 1 in 4, as it ison these flshways, and no salmon could possibly —
go over them.
This was discovered after the first flood had passed over these fishways,
and two things were done to prevent it in future but neither of the two—
have had the desired effect. One of the plans was putting crossbars of
iron and wire across the entrance to each tube, so as to prevent stones, etc.,
from getting into them, the fault of this plan being that if the grating
was close enough to prevent sand and gravel from entering the tubes, it
also prevented the water from getting in in sufficient quantity to give it
any force when it reached the far end of the tube, and it simply oozed up
at the right side of the top-deck and has no effect in checking the down-
ward flow of water, and besides, the grating gets covered with leaves and
other rubbish, and soon stops the entrance of water into the tubes almost
entirely. Another attempt was made to avoid this at Westfield Fishway
by means of two iron hecks or gratings, one being placed right across the
stream some distance in front of the top of the fishway, and another running
up and down stream, the top end reaching within a few feet of the one
across stream, the gap being left to allow the salmon to get out; the
result of this was that the heck across the stream caused an eddy behind
it, where the sand and gravel whirled round and found its way down the
opening left for the salmon to get up. The only plan I could suggest as
a remedy against this filling of the tubes with gravel, is to have the top
end of the fishway 3 or 4 feet above the bed of the river, and the objections
to this is that it would only be during high floods that there would be any
water in the fishway at all; in fact, I see no practical remedy for this, and
until such a remedy is discovered the M‘Donald Fishway as at present
constructed is unsuited to our Scotch rivers.
ALEX. LUMSDEN,
Superintendent, Tay District Board.
NOTE IX.
Design of an Improved Macdonald Fishway sent to Mr Young, by
Colonel Marshall Macdonald, Washington, head of the Fisheries Depart- “i
ment of the United States, in answer to a Letter from Mr Young point-
ing out the defects of the Macdonald Fishways on the Ericht.
¥ ne r: ;
. af p Fae al
i yn
4 “a Oe
, } - Sh Le eet :
; Lv a ee
Ape he +.
- a é ee be) * c Na > +e , iS ja 7 «ae
A ou V Jd ' 4
* } Ba sito! Vhs Raita ina a ae bo
GT a a lh ee ‘ ‘ ;
M° DoNALD FISHWAY SYSTEM.
Plan of construction adapted to Crib Dam with sloping front.
Scale of Feet.
jeer! ee 3 + 5 6 Zz 4 3 7
Section on AA.
WNW WRI
EX oo RS
al = ' 2
i
Plan of Fishway
Covering of Fishway a 7 HAE,
to show the izlakes « buckets
_ ~~ Additional Stringer along expased end. =
See | [ES eS a eS | er et a sane wo eee =
pee lil —————
SS ‘Guard Vinbers— ans
| | :
t
- i= —————————————
s
. ne we i
— ae ee ee a 2 — > ‘
BALL AL EELS RTE ET LE OE TA
NOTE X.
MALLOCH’S PATENT AUTOMATIC FISH PASS.
“My invention has for its object to make automatic fish passes, to be
placed or built at dikes, weirs, or natural falls on rivers or streams.
Figure 1 on the sheet of drawings is a section through the pass when
the sluice is shut. Figure 2 is an elevation of the lower end of pass.
_ Figure 3 is a perspective view of the pass when the sluice is open.
The pass to be 6 feet. wide and 3 feet deep at the lower end, or more
according to the depth of water in the stream, boarded on the top and
sides A with planking.
The sides of pass to be fitted into the dike D and securely fixed, and
also into the natural bed of the river B. The pass to be strongly bound
together with angle iron R bolted through the planking, and the pass
besides being securely fitted into the dike, to be strongly bound with iron
straps V bolted into the stonework of dike. The lower portion of the
pass to extend down the stream to the distance shown on drawings or
further if found necessary. 3
A beam C to be placed across the mouth of the pass, fitted into the
natural bed, but kept sufficiently high that not less than 7 inches of
water will be kept inside the pass when the sluice is open, where this can-
not be done the natural bed of the pass to be dug out to a sufficient
depth. -
A sluice S to be put across the bottom of the pass of the dimensions
shown, made of planking bolted together with iron rods having screws and
nuts on ends. The sluice to be let into grooves in two upright posts P,
which will be firmly fixed into the bed of the stream having cross beam
at bottom of each and struts from same to posts.
A cross beam K connecting the two upright posts at top and forming
rest for three strong iron pulleys L and chains connected to loops at ends
of iron plates F bolted to the sluice.
The chains to be passed over the pulleys and attached to iron straps
binding trough T on opposite side of pulleys from sluice. This trough
to be made sufficiently heavy to almost lift the sluice when no water is
pressing against it.
A 2-inch metal pipe M to be placed at the top of the fall let into the
_ water and carried down the pass and up the side of upright post and have
a spigot at end J turned down over end of trough. ‘The top of trough
being lower than inlet at top of fall the water will pass through this pipe
and fill the trough.
When the trough is about filled it will be sufficiently heavy to raise
the sluice from the water, and will itself fall down on thé top of the pass
to the position shown on the perspective view. To prevent a too sudden
fall of the trough on the pass, spiral springs Q, one on each post, are fixed
in the top of the grooves for the sluice striking against. The water supply
to trough falling on slanting iron scoop N attached to post, will then be
thrown over the trough and pass into the stream and the water in the pass
will have a clear run through it. The water in the trough will gradually
run out through a small spigot O in the end of trough at the bottom of
same. When the trough is about empty the sluice will again fall down
and dam back the water in the pass and thus fill it, and all fish that are’
inside will escape over the fall to the upper reaches of the stream or river.
The supply pipe to trough is much larger than the spigot for emptying
‘
.
62 Appendices to Highth Annual Report of Fishery Board for Scotland. é :
the trough so that the pass may remain open much longer than the time
it is shut. | |
The whole work to be painted a dark green colour.
The pass and sluice, &c. may be wholly constructed of iron.
The sides and top of the pass may be built of stone or concrete, and the
sluice and uprights, &c. made of iron or wood.
The pass and sluice, &c. may be constructed of any combinations of these
materials.
EDINBURGH: PRINTED BY NEILL AND COMPANY
FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.
JANUARY 1890.
209 HIGH STREET, PERTH.
=
Sa |
“WCU ES y
=
ml
FIGURE 2.
ELEVATION OF LOWER END OF PASS.
aaa
ee - a : ib
FIGURE 1.
SECTION THROUGH PASS WHEN SLUICE IS SHUT.
|
DRAWING OF MR. P. D. MALLOCH’S AUTOMATIC FISH PASS. Patentea 1890.
SLA CNET
Zz e001)
; FIGURE 8. °
| PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF PASS WHEN SLUICE IS OPEN.
Seoliie
to following appear Be oticaity and can be subscribed for :—
oF THE UNITED Kinepom with BririsH Possussions AND Forzicn CounTrizs,
‘showing the Quantities and the Declared Value of the Articles,
Prune Rerorts of the several British Colonies, with information relative to their popula-
_ tion and general condition.
“Tnape Rzports by Her Majesty’s Representatives in Foreign Countries, and Reports
Commercial and General aac ae ay ge Si
BD ciate: “being Reports of the Chief State Trials which have taken place between 1820-
d the present time, published under the supervision of a Committee ap aninted by the Lord
Chancellor. It is estimated by the Editor that the complete series probably occupy
rom 8 to 10 volumes, of which two are already published :—
Boy. Byo, Vol I 1820-1823. (1888. Vol. II. 1823-1831. 1889, Price 10s. each.
' ager, H.M.S. A Report on the Scientific Results of the a of, during the years
1873-76 ‘under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R. R.S., and Ca
Fran ourle Thomson, R.N, Prepared under the superintendence of the late C.
Wyville Thomson, Knt., F.R.S.; and now of John Murray, Ph.D., V.P.B.S.E.
_ This Report is now nearly complete, 36 volumes having already been issued.
Th most recent issues are as follows : _
Paysics AND | CHEmistry. Vol, 2. :Parts IV., V., VI., and VIL 14 Pp 3 Br
64 maps. =~ 2s. 6d.
" Zoar0e%. Vol. 32. Ay 25s. :—Comprising Part LXXX., Antipatharia, pine 14s. ;
a g art LXXXI., Su entary Report on the Alcyonaria, Price 4s. 6d.; and Part
EXXXIL, Keratosa, din 6x Od 426 pp. 29 plates,
"a1; ea) ‘—
‘
‘Rr Oagatine Bi Rifle) Manual Exercises, Physical Drill with Arms and
eave irae sacar 1 12mo.. 64 pp. 21 plates. Wrapper. Price 3d.
sazine Rirtm Care of Arms and Ammunition. Firing Exercise. eeaie Drill.
Fiano. 38 pp. ce 2d.
'Soupan Campaten. History of the. By Colonel H. E. Colville, C.B., ve aa Guards.
=. In two parts, with cae of Maps. 8vo. Cloth. Price 15s.
| Overs m Inrantry Sk korion. The Drill of. 12mo. 46 pp. Stitched. Price 2d.
\Encivzeninc. M Instruction in. Vol. IL Part IL Attack of Fortresses.
g “Fourth Edition. 123 pp. 27 Plates. Cloth. Price 2s. 6d.
.: USSIAN TROOPS IN ASIA. et of the. By Major J. Wolfe Murray, R.A., D.A.A.G.
at ‘74 pp. 3 plates. Wrapper. Price Is. 6d,
Statistics for the United Kingdom for the year 1889. Feap. 120 p
“S, 2 Maps, a . Price 1s.
r. Ne Jeo
4 38 L:-— a z& F
r ; acs in use at the siren t time b various Nations: Drawings of the. Admiralty, August
Re 1889. By Eel aeeah: Mto. 31 pp 121 pages of coloured Drawings. Half cal
Bi. oie ae ale Price 50s,
» Lon = axp NxioHBovRHooD. Guide to the Geology of. By William Whitaker, B.A.
Ske dition. Wrapper. — Price ls.
“Lonpon np Par? or THe Tsames VALLEY bag hear = PaaS Een Seon
B7 Vol. L. Deseriptive Geology. Price 6s. Vol. IL. Appendices. Price
olor ot 2 <} ‘Issued by the Emigrants’ Information Office, 31 jesabals
et ae So We by igran y;
Seep “an New South Wales, 3. Victoria, 4, South Australia. 5. Queens-
“ait Australia. 7. Tasmania. New Zealand. 9. Cape Colony. | 10 10.
oe ee
; tae,
. PB ofens iona Ed dling with Peo inthe Cleni 13. Eigre
siz . SeStapmeieerne vie
}
Bien tit
- | ar Stee ty a an
TY &
WITH APPENDIX CONTAINING REPORT TO tne war)
BY, THE INSPECTOR OF SALMON. Saban 2 ea
nasi ve
pate for the Year _ ea a)
us|
—
Tf
eo oa Be
=
|
geo ee}
He
aE |
—
ee
ee
De
tyes
oes
IN THREE PARTS. pare vole Gey
Parr IL—GENERAL REPORT, ©. 1 ©
Parr IL—REPORT ON SALMON PSHERI
‘Parr Il, —SCIENTIFIC INV ESTIGATION S.-
“ede
PART IL. —SALMON FISHCERTES,
:
Presented to both Houses of Datliament im srenaites of
Act 45. and 46 ra bard 48, batiyast)
| EDINBURGH: AA ; wee
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S acne Reds ‘orien, hg
By NEILL & ©o., Dobeclo po 3/79 a righ pty
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller,
ADAM ap CHARLES BLACK, 6 Nowra Puines Sobtetea
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, Easr Hanpixe Sraxer, Fiumr Sreder, ea
HODGES, TA 104 aL IN
" : we ay ud on 3
7 4 ‘ ’ bd - ibe ; «¢ Py iy a « rs ‘ Ps '
a. yy ; at Pe bald {
met | et rh Rae BY bees gees te Rf 2 me A ee ti
egal!
Woo ae ese ow yi awl abe
. eit 2 a
1905
Neu, HIGHTH
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
{FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND,
[ | ¥ Being for the Year 1889. .
| | . IN THREE PARTS. | , (
Part © L—GENERAL REPORT. k
Part IL—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES. ‘I
Part IL.—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
RT IT.— SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS, i
; PTR to both Gouses of Parliament iw pursuance of i : |
Act 45 and 46 Vict., cap. 78.
a thai :
4
j
| ey : EDINBURGH: i
ws “4 y PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,
‘7 ,. Br NEILL & Co., OLD Fisumanxer CLose.
Anita bo purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
es fact DAM awn CHARLES BLACK, 6 Nontn Baiwex, Epnwsouras ; ot
'& SPOTTISWOODE, DB, East Hanpiva Greeer, Fuuar Sramer, 1.C ; or
i i
Ana Sy ,
gaia (Sir ga!
61081] (oP ipiob Be. Gal: etd
Fae Ee ¥" Se | (
a Se 4 ?
«
J +
1
. '
SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS,
The under-mentioned Firms haye been appointed, sole Agents for the ‘sale of Coy af
Publications, including Parliamentary Reports and Papers, Acts of Parliament, Reco at
Publications, &c., &c., and all such works can be purchased from them either di
through retail bookseller 8, who, under the provisions of the sale agency contracts, are: ¢m
to a discount of 25 per cent. from the selling prices — A
IN ENGLAND :— at:
For all publications excepting Ordnance and Geological Mapa: the Hydrograp.
Works of the Admiralty, and Patent Office Publications : mi
Messrs 'Eyrn & Sprorriswoope, East Harding Street, E.C.
For Ordnan¢e ‘and Geological Maps :
Mr E. Staxporp, Cockspur Street, S.W.
For Hydrographical Works of the Admiralty :
Mr J.D. Porrmr, 31 Poultry, E.C.
Patent Office Publications are sold at the Patent Office.
+
For all Publications sian the fiydecerenial Works of the Admiralty anda
Office Publications :
IN SCOTLAND :—Messrs A. & C, Buacx, 6 North Bridge, Edinburgh.
IN IRELAND :—Messrs Hopgzs; Fiaeis, & Co., 104 Grafton Street, Dublin.
: %
The following is a list of some of the more important Parliamentary and other Publica
recently issued :-— a
Parliamentary :— a
Statutes. Public and General, Session 1889, Roy. 8vo. Cloth. 4 :. et
Second Revised Edition. By authority :—
Vol. I. | From the twentieth. year of the reign of Henry III. to end ‘6 :
reign of Anne. ‘A.D, 1235-1713. Roy. 8vo. 908 pp. ae ga |
rice ”
Vol. II. From the first year of the reign of King George I. to end ¢
reign of the last Parliament of Great Britain in the forty-first year ol of
reign of King George III. A.D. 1714-1800.. Roy. 8yo. 1022 pp.
ice c
Vol. If]. From the forty-first year of the reign of Kin ae e III.
to the fifty-fourth year of the reign of King George 1 A. 18014
Roy. 8vo. 966 pp. Boards. Price 3
Revised Editions, Repeats :—
Tables showing subsequent Repeals, effected by Acts of Session, 52 & 53 ¥,
1889. ‘Roy. 8vo. 16 pp. Stitched. Pri
Chronological Table and Index of. Eleventh Edition. To the end of the Ses
! 52 & 53 Vict. (1889). Roy. 8vo. 1690 pp. Cloth. sh )
| [C. 5952.] Insects InJURIOUS To THE Crops OF FARMS, THE ORCHARDS, and the GAR
Third Annual Report by C. Whitehead, Esq.; F.L.S., F.G.S., to Boal
Agriculture, 1889. (Illustrated.) 74 pp. Price
[C. 5994.] Sunpay Ciosine or Pusiic-Hovuses In WaEs. Report of Royal Ca a
sioners. 42 pp.
[C. 59941.] Drrro. Evidence taken before. 692 pp. Price’ FS
[C. 6034.] Horsz-BrEEDING Commission. ‘Third Report of, 8 pp. E
[C. 6034 1.] Drrro. Evidence taken. 138 pp. Price 1s.
[C. 6042.] InreRNATIONAL LasouR CONFERENCE held at Berlin. Further Correspond
with Reports and Protocols. 196 pp. tte aes s.
Pe
[C, 6059.] Minerau Or Lamps. Report on. 12 pp. ce
_[C. 6060.] arth tise AND WorksHoprs.. Report of , the : Chief Papo
8 pp.
[C. 6066.] Sees Commission. Second Report of, the Commissioners
Evidence, Appendices, and Index. 322 pp.
[C. 6067.] Crorrmrs Cotonization.. Report of the Commissioners respecting
Canadian Scheme, with Appendix.. (With Map.) 34 pp. riee
H.C. 302. Hop Inpustry. — Report from the Select Committee on." 22 PP.
1 61222—13, ane Wt. 17990. N.
EIGHTH
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND,
Being for the Year 1889.
IN THREE PARTS.
Part L—GENERAL REPORT.
Part II.—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES.
Part IIl.—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
PART III.—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
Presented to both Houses of Parliament iw pursuance of
Act 45 and 46 Dict., cap. 78.
EDINBURGH:
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’? STATIONERY OFFICE,
By NEILL & Co., OLD FISHMARKET CLOSE.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
ADAM anp CHARLES BLACK, 6 NortH Bripaz, EDINBURGH ; or
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, East HaRpING STREET, FLEET STREET, ELC, 5 ox
HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., 104 GRaFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
1890.
C.—6103.—II.|° Price 2s. 6d.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
General Statement ; : é ; - ‘ 7
1. The Influence of Beam- eee : ‘ ‘ : 8
The Trawling Experiments of the ‘ Gentoads ‘ : : 8
Special Hishory Statistics . 10
2. The Distribution of Immature Sha Fish ond tHieit phi ue
Various Modes of Fishing . 10
3. Inquiries into the Food, Re mduoeot: and Meeeiion: of dhe Food-
Fishes : 12
4. Investigations into the Development of Food- Fishes and Molluses. 15
5. Inquiries into Shore and Bait Fisheries . f 2 ; 16
6. Physical Observations : : : ; 19
7. Scheme of Scientific Investigations for 1890- 4 Leda : ; 20
8. Contemporary Fishery Work , é : : i tnere 7 |
SECTION A.—GENERAL INQUIRIES.
. Report on the Trawling Experiments of the ‘Garland,’ and on the
Statistics of East Coast Fisheries—Part IV. (Plates I., II.
and ITI.) ; ‘ : : F : ay. 22
I. Introductory : ; : . : . 22
II. The Work of the ‘ Garland ; : P P : : 23
1. The Firth of Forth . ‘ : 2 : ‘ 23
2. St Andrews Bay : , / ; ; ‘ 24
3. Other East Coast Districts. 25
III. Special Statistics of Fish caught by Fane, Fadhermen and Beam.
Trawlers ‘ 26
, 1. Relative Quantities - Fish taken by ane and oa Bene:
Prawe |... 26
2. Statistics showing the Quanitties ae Line caught Fish
obtained from the Territorial Areas where Trawling is
prohibited ; ; ‘ 28
3. Buckhaven Haddock and Cod Line ae 29
4, The Proportion of Large and Small Fish papiyser by Beam-
Trawlers and Line Fishermen . 3 30
IV. Summary . 31
Table A. Ree aide of Fish falecst by the ‘ Gesland? > on the
East Coast in 1889 d : ; 33
Table B.—Analysis of the ‘Garland’s’ Statistics é 38
Table C.—Record of Observations made on Board the ‘Garland ‘
on the East Coast ‘ ; 41
Table D.—Buckhaven Haddock and Cod Line Bishite a6 SIZE
Table E.—Showing Fish Landed by Net and Line Boats and
by Steam Beam-Trawl Boats. 122
Table F. UE ning the Quantities monthly of Tare aie Small
Fish landed in the Leith and Aberdeen Districts by
Beam Trawlers and Line Fishermen in 1889 . ~) soe
4 CONTENTS.
Table G.—Showing the Monthly Takes of Line and Net Boats
from Inshore Grounds in the Leith, Anstruther, Mon-
trose, and Stonehaven Districts .
Table H.—Showing the Quantities of Fish sapeened by tine
Fishermen in the Territorial Waters, with the average
per ‘shot’ in 1888 and 1889
Table I.—Showing the Monthly Amounts in Owts. of Round
and Flat Fish Landed by Line Fishermen and Beam-
Trawlers on the East Coast of Scotland during 1889
II. The Distribution. of Immature Sea Fish and their Capture by
Various Modes of Fishing. By Dr T. Wemyss Fulton, Secretary for
Scientific Investigations
III. On the Cockle-Beds of Baten. By Dr J. H. Fullavton (Plate IV.)
IV. Oyster Culture in France and Holland. By Dr J. H. Fullarton
SECTION B.—BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS.
I. On the Food of Fishes. By W. Ramsay Smith, B.Sc. ,
II. The Spawning and Spawning Places of Marine Food Fishes. By
Dr T, Wemyss Fulton, Secretary for Scientific Investigations
III. On the Pelagic Fauna of St Andrews Bay during the months of
1888.—Part II. By W.C. M‘Intosh, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor
in the University of St Andrews
IV. Report on the Pelagic Ova, Larval, and gouty Food- Fishes pio:
cured by the ‘Garland? By materi W. C. M‘Intosh, M.D.,
LL.D., F.R.S.
V. On the Developaient of the Séuitop! By Dr J. i i Thlidtton,
(Plates V.-VIII.) .
VI. On the Development of the Coruiten Skate. ing Dr J 1 Beard.
(Plates [X.—X1I.) :
VII. Additions to the Fauna of the “Firth of Forth. By *Photnas
Scott, F.L.S. (Plates XIT.-XIII.)
VIII. The Invertebrate Fauna of Inland Waters! Report's on Teh
Coulter and the Coulter Burn, Stirlingshire: By Thomas Scott,
F.LS.
IX. The Pidpeitionil Nambers and Sinks éF the Bek ds duis Sen
Fishes. By Dr T. Wemyss Fulton, Secretary ‘for Scientific Inves-
tigations . : . . :
X. Notes and Meiiitrern di By Dr T. Wemyss Fulton.
1. The Anchovy in Scottish Waters
2. Experiments on the Migratory Movements of Sea Fish
3. The Reproduction and Migrations of the Common Eel
4, Rare and unusual fishes obtained
SECTION C.—COMTEMPORARY WORK.
PAGE
Great Britain . : . 3859 France
United States . ’ . 363 Belgium
Canada . f , . 864 Denmark
Newfoundland . ; . 865 Norway
Holland .. ; Re 161) Italy .
Spaltpiotiteicl: aula . 368 Germany
PAGE
137
155
156
334
348
351
353
354
357
PAGE
371
374
374
374
375
375
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT.
TO THE MOST HONOURABLE
THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN, K.T.,
Her Majesty's Secretary for Scotland.
FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND,
EDINBURGH, lst May 1890.
My Lorp MARQUIS,
We, the Members of the Fishery Board for Scotland,
have the honour to submit the Board’s Eighth Annual Report,
being for the year 1889.
The subject matter of the Report has been arranged, as was
done last year, in three parts, under the following titles :—
Part 1.-—General Report.
Part IL-—Report on Salmon Fisheries.
Part I1L—Scientific Investigations.
We have the honour to be,
My Lorp Marquis,
Your Lordship’s most obedient Servants,
THOMAS J. BOYD, Chairman.
JOHN GUTHRIE SMITH, Deputy-Chairman.
GEO. H. M. THOMS.
ALEXR. FORBES IRVINE.
J. R: G. MAITLAND.
J. COSSAR EWART.
JAMES JOHNSTON. |
WILLIAM BOYD.
W. ANDERSON SMITH.
PART IIL—SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
GENERAL STATEMENT.
This, the third part of the Annual Report of the Fishery Board,
deals with the trawling experiments of the ‘ Garland,’ the distribu-
tion of immature fish, and other scientific inquiries which have
been carried on by the Board during 1889. An account is also
given of the scientific and other fishery work carried on elsewhere
in the United Kingdom, and in the United States, Canada, New-
foundland, Holland, Spain, France, Denmark, Norway, Italy, and
Germany.
The scientific work has been carried out and the scientific
report prepared by Dr T. Wemyss Fulton, the Secretary for
Scientific Investigations, acting under the direct instructions of the
Board.
During 1889, besides other investigations, the following were
carried on :—The influence of beam-trawling in the territorial and
adjacent waters ; the distribution of immature flat-fish and round-
fish at various distances from shore, and in various depths of water,
and their capture by different modes of fishing; the spawning and
spawning grounds of the food-fishes ; the food of fishes and their
migrations; the pelagic ova and the pelagic fauna which provides
nutriment for the young fishes when hatched; the cockle beds at
Barra, in the Hebrides ; the development of the clam, which forms
a valuable bait, and the development of skates.
A large part of the above investigations have been made on
board the Fishery Board’s steamer ‘ Garland, which is under the
command of Captain R. E. Simpson.
It is now generally recognised that an important part of scientific
fishery work ought to consist in endeavouring, by artificial propa-
gation, to increase the natural yield of valuable but declining
fisheries. This principle has been carried into practice by the
United States Fish Commission to a very large extent, and with
most encouraging results; thoroughly equipped hatcheries for sea
fish and lobsters have been established there for years. A well-
known hatchery has also been in operation at Flédevig in Norway
for several years, and was lately reconstructed and enlarged under
the auspices of the Norwegian Government. By voluntary effort,
a hatchery has been erected by the Marine Fisheries Society at
Grimsby, with the view of developing the resources of the great
English fisheries in the North Sea. Last year the Newfoundland
8 Part III —Eighth Annual Report
Government erected a large hatchery at Dildo Island, Trinity Bay,
for the hatching of sea-fish and lobsters; and it is proposed to form
similar establishments at other parts of the Newfoundland Coast.
The Board, with a like object in view, and after due inquiry,
selected Dunbar as on the whole the best adapted and most con-
venient place on the Scottish Coast for such an institution. The
water is of great purity, and there exist natural creeks which could
readily be transformed into rearing ponds. Through the inter-
mediation of Colonel E. Malcolm, C.B., the War Office courteously
granted a suitable site on their ground at the Castle Park.
Provost Brand, the magistrates, and council of the burgh have
also given every facility for the purpose in view, and have
ceded to the Board the use of the natural creeks and the ground
required. The aim of the Board is supported by the hearty
sympathy of the fishermen, who quite understand its importance.
It was not found possible, however, from the want of the necessary
money, to proceed last year with the enclosure of the creeks and
the formation of the rearing ponds and buildings. But a small
Marine Laboratory has now been acquired at Dunbar, in proximity
to the creeks proposed to be utilised; and the Board hope thata —
special sum will soon be granted by the Government to enable them
to complete the works necessary for the hatching and rearing of
lobsters, and of turbot, soles, and other flat fishes. The Board are
making arrangements for the establishment of a lobster enclosure at
Brodick, Arran, as supplementary to a hatchery, which will enable
them to obtain an abundant supply of ova for replenishing the
exhausted grounds on the East Coast, while at the same time allow-
ing of the restocking of grounds on the West Coast.
The Board’s Marine Laboratory at St Andrews continues under
the able direction of Professor M‘Intosh, F.R.S., who devotes his
services gratuitously to the fishery investigations. Under the
auspices of the Board Professor M‘Intosh and Mr Prince have
recently completed the most extensive research yet made on the
development of the food-fishes, and the habits of the young.
‘The following is an account of the chief Scientific Investigations
undertaken during last year.
1. THE INFLUENCE OF BEAM TRAWLING.
The Trawling Experiments of the ‘ Garland,
The Special Report dealing with this subject will be found at
page 22. During 1889, the ‘Garland’ conducted the trawling
experiments in the Firth of Forth, St Andrews Bay, and at the
Stations at Montrose, Aberdeen Bay, in the Moray Firth, and at the
Orkney Islands. In 1889, 153 hauls of the trawl were made, as
compared with 90 in 1888. In addition, a large number of special
observations were carried on along specially selected lines in
inshore and offshore waters, and at important fishing grounds lying
off the mouth of the Firth of Forth and in the Moray Firth.
The ‘Garland’ is not large enough to venture far from shore,
especially during the unsettled weather at the end of winter and in
spring, when trom the presence of spawning shoals off the coast
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 9
the observations are of special value. It was rendered possible,
however, through the courtesy of Mr James Johnston of Montrose,
to send Mr Scott, one of the naturalists, to accompany the
‘Southesk, or other steam trawler belonging to Messrs Johnston
and Sons, during fishing operations at offshore grounds; and much
valuable information was thus obtained. The incapacity of the
‘Garland’ to carry on the work at moderate distances from shore
forms a serious hindrance to the prosecution of the trawling and
other fishery investigations.
On 26th July 1889, the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act came
into operation. This Act excludes beam-trawling from the terri-
torial waters of Scotland, and from certain bays and areas specified
in the Schedule.
The results of the trawling experiments of the ‘Garland’ are
given in full detail in the special report. During 1889, it was
found that no increase, but, on the whole, a decrease, occurred in
the closed waters, and likewise in the open waters adjacent. The
_ decrease was mainly in the migratory round fishes, especially
haddock and whiting. The former follows the shoals of spawning
herring into the territorial waters to feed upon their spawn; but
last year the inshore herring fishery in the Firth of Forth was a
failure, and a great falling off of haddocks occurred. There was
a slight decrease in most of the flat fishes at the majority of the
stations; but an increase of many at several stations and in the
op2n waters. The flat fishes which have increased in numbers are
especially plaice and flounders; lemon soles and witch soles have
diminished. Plaice has everywhere increased in numbers. As is
showa in the report on the distribution of immature fish, the
territorial waters form nurseries for young plaice; it is reasonable
to infer that by the protection of these nurseries this valuable food
fish is increasing in numbers, both on inshore and offshore grounds.
It appears that the results obtained in 1887 were exceptional, and
that experimental observations must be carried on for a number of
years. The results of concurrent investigations carried on on board
the ‘Garland’ into the food of fishes, their spawning, and the dis-
tribution of the young, show that great and important differences
prevail among the various food-fishes, and that it will be necessary
to take these differences into account. A few instances may be
given on the East Coast. The lemon sole and the witch sole spawn
offshore, their young are most abundant beyond the territorial
waters, and in 1889 their numbers had diminished. Flounders
spawn inshore and offshore; their young are chiefly found inshore,
and their numbers have increased. Plaice spawn exclusively off-
shore, but their young are practically confined to the territoral waters,
gradually migrating to offshore waters as they increase in size;
and they have augmented in numbers. It is shown in the report
on immature fish that the greater proportion of young fishes inhabit
the zone just beyond the territoral waters ; further inquiries may
show the desirability of limiting the capture of immature indi-
viduals of certain species in such localities. On the other hand,
it may be shown to be desirable not in any way to protect certain
4 { species of little value, such as dabs, which compete with more
valuable food-fishes.
10 Part HI1—LHighth Annual Report
The experimental observations on the capture of immature flat
fish show that these are captured in great numbers by the beam-
trawl, but in much smaller proportions, and these chiefly belonging
to the least valuable kinds, by line fishermen.
Special Fishery Statistics.
The special statistics collected by the Scientific Department of
the Board are discussed at page 26.
In 1889 the line fishermen along the East Coast of Scotland
landed 55,566 tons of line-caught fish, or above 1000 tons more
than they did in 1888. These amounts were landed by 7535 boats
in 1888, and by 7380 boats in 1889. On the other hand, beam-
trawlers landed in 1889, on the East Coast, 11,370 tons of trawled
fish, or above 800 tons less than they did in 1888. There are no
reliable statistics of the number of beam-trawlers engaged, for a
considerable number of English trawlers work off the Scottish coast
and land their fish at Scottish ports, but these vessels are not in-
cluded in the official returns. Considering the whole East Coast,
there was an increased amount of round fish landed by line fisher-
men, and a diminished amount of flat fish; while there was a
decrease in the quantities both of round fish and flat fish landed —
by trawlers. When the northern and southern sections of the
coast are compared, it appears that while in 1889 line fishermen in
the northern section landed a larger quantity of round fish and a
smaller quantity of flat fish, they landed less round fish, and a
considerably greater quantity of flat fish in the southern section,
where beam-trawling has been longest interdicted. Beam-trawlers
in the northern section landed larger quantities of both round fish
and flat fish in 1889 than in 1888; and in the southern section ~
smaller quantities both of round fish and flat fish. The statistics
referring to this subject are graphically represented on Plate II.
The statistics dealing with the productiveness of the territorial
waters to line fishermen, show that in 1889 the average catch per |
boat was greater than in 1888; the increase was most marked in ©
the Montrose and Stonehaven districts, and was mainly due to an
increased catch of cod. In the southern districts there was
relatively a greater increase.in flat fish than in the northern.
Other statistics refer to the Buckhaven haddock and cod fishery
carried on in the territorial waters. They show an increase in large
haddocks, and a decrease in small haddocks and whitings in ree
as compared with 1888.
Special statistics were obtained as to the relative Sno paehae of
small and large fish landed by fishermen and beam-trawlers ; these
are dealt with more in detail in the Report on Immature Fish.
2. THE DISTRIBUTION OF IMMATURE SEA FISH AND THEIR CAPTURE
BY VARIOUS MODES oF FISHING.
The capture of immature sea fish by various modes of fishing has
on several occasions been made a subject of inquiry by Royal Com-
missions. At the present time it is engaging the close attention —
of the fishery authorities in France, Holland, Belgium, Denmark,
and other countries; and, by the intermediation of the various ©
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. it
Governments concerned, an International Conference, under the
auspices of the National Sea Fisheries Protection Association, has
been called to meet in London to consider the subject. Hitherto
there has been very little scientific evidence regarding the distribu-
tion of immature individuals of the various kinds of sea fish at
different depths and distances from shore, and as to their capture
by the various engines and appliances used in fishing.
Dr T. Wemyss Fulton, who, by the instructions of the Board, has
carried on, by means of the ‘Garland, the most extensive and
elaborate inquiry into this subject yet made, gives the results of
the investigations in a report in the present volume. A review is
given of various Acts of Parliament dealing with the subject since
the reign of Edward III., and of the results of the inquiries of recent
Royal Commissions. The fundamental question as to what an
immature fish is, has, for the first time, been determined, 13,000
fishes having been examined and measured for the purpose. It is
shown that the maximum size of immature fish varies very much
according to the species; that an immature fish may be a large fish,
and a mature fish may be very small. The results of this part of
the inquiry show that those portions of the Italian Fishery Law of
1877, and of the Danish Fishery Law of 1888, which render penal
the sale of certain fish under a fixed size, are not based on accurate
data as to the immaturity of the fish dealt with. Tables are given
showing the maximum size of immature fish. The distribution of
immature fish varies very much according to the species. Dr
Fulton shows that the territorial waters, and especially those
portions quite near the shore, where the bottom is sandy, serve as
nurseries for plaice, and that young plaice are practically absent
beyond the territorial waters. Very young lemon soles, flounders,
dabs, cod, and whiting also frequent the inshore waters in great
abundance. In September 1889, the ‘Garland’ discovered the
presence of a vast shoal of young whitings, from three to five inches
long, in the Firth of Forth. These young whitings covered the
bottom for a distance of 36 miles, and were computed to number
over 230,000,000. They were not found offshore, and their
presence in the territorial waters shows to what an extent this
region serves as a nursery for young fish. Very young cod and
dabs may exist in large numbers at a distance from shore; im-
mature haddocks are there most abundant. It does not appear
that on the East Coast immature turbot, brill, or ling specially
frequent the territorial waters. At offshore fishing grounds there
is a paucity of immature fish, except dabs and haddocks. Tables
are given showing the distribution of immature fish at distances
from shore up to 22 miles, and in various depths of waters.
The proportions of immature food-fishes captured by various
modes of fishing are detailed. In regard to the beam-trawl the
conclusions are—(1) that, especially in inshore waters, immature
flat fish and round fish may be captured in large numbers by the
beam-trawl ; (2) that relatively more immature flat fish than
immature round fish are taken; (3) that on the East Coast of
Scotland immature flat fishes of all kinds are caught by the beam-
trawl; but especially, in regard to absolute numbers in inshore
waters, immature plaice and dabs; and in regard to relative pro-
12 Part III.—Kighth Annual Report
portion of immature to adults (a most vital point) chiefly plaice,
flounder, lemon soles, turbot, and brill; (4) that very large numbers
of immature cod are captured, especially inshore; also considerable
quantities of immature whitings and gurnards, and fewer immature
haddocks ; (5) that the ordinary trawl-net used by large beam-
trawlers probably, in ordinary circumstances, captures very few
fish under 6 inches in length; (6) that the size of the mesh of the
trawl-net, per se, exerts a most important influence on the propor-
tion of immature fish captured; and (7) that the majority of the
immature fish captured by the beam-trawl, as now used, would
probably perish if returned to the sea.
Dr Fulton points out that shrimp-fishing, and especially shrimp-
trawling, involves the capture of large numbers of immature flat
fish, and the destruction of many, and recommends that an exhaus-
tive scientific inquiry be made into this subject.
The conclusions in regard to line-fishing are—(1) that consider-
able quantities of immature round fish, especially cod, and at some
seasons haddocks and whitings, are taken by hook and line; but,
except in the case of cod, the proportion of immature to adults is
not great; (2) that comparatively few immature flat fish are caught
by hook and line, and then mainly the commoner and less valuable
kinds.
The capture of immature fish by bag-nets, weirs, seines, &c., is
also described.
In dealing practically with the wasteful destruction of immature
food-fishes, Dr Fulton points out the necessity of carefully dis-
tinguishing between the different species; and shows how difficult it
will be to preserve immature fish from capture and destruction by
the beam-trawl, as that engine is nowemployed. Enlargement of the
mesh of the net will not alone solve the difficulty. The recommenda-
tions are, briefly:—that an inquiry should be made as to the
retention of vitality by the various kinds of immature fish brought
up in the trawl, in order to ascertain their chances of survival if
replaced in the sea; the protection of nurseries whose areas are
capable of definition, as in the case of immature plaice in territorial
waters ; the preservation of Valuable flat fish under a certain size ;
and the establishment of hatcheries for sea fish, as in Norway,
Newfoundland, and the United States. A simple method is ex-
plained, by which fishermen and trawlers might add to the fish
supply by fertilising the ova of ripe fish when captured.
3. INQUIRIES INTO THE FooD, THE SPAWNING, AND SPAWNING
GROUNDS AND THE MIGRATIONS OF THE FOOD-FISHES,
An important branch of fishery investigations comprises those
into the food, reproduction, and habits of the food-fishes, The
value of the work of the Board in this department has been
recognised by continental fishery authorities, who, as may be seen
from the section on contemporary fishery work, are organising
similar inquiries. These investigations have been made almost
entirely on board the ‘Garland,’
The Food of Fishes—This important subject is dealt with in an
elaborate report by Mr Ramsay Smith, B.Sc, based upon the
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 13
examination of many thousand food-fishes. Such fishes live chiefly
upon crustacea, annelids, echinoderms, and molluscs, and upon one
another. There are great differences, however, as to the propor-
tions of the organisms selected as food by different fishes. The
whiting, for instance, is a very dainty feeder, and lives chiefly upon
fish, such as young herrings, sprats, sand-eels, and its own species.
The chief food of plaice consists of worms and molluscs; while the
lemon sole which lives also largely upon worms prefers crustacea
to molluscs. The witch sole lives almost entirely upon worms.
Haddocks are not so particular, and devour crustacea, echinoderms,
molluses, annelids, herring spawn, and young fish. The proportions
of the dietary vary to some extent at different places and at different
seasons,
These observations upon the food of edible fishes will ultimately
demonstrate what organisms are valuable as fish-food and what are
not; the proportions in which the various invertebrates compose
the dietary of fishes; and the possibility of success in introducing
a valuable food-fish, such as the English sole, in a locality where
it is absent or scarce. They will also show in what way the
organisms forming the food of fishes may be protected and improved.
Investigations are being made by the ‘Garland’ as to the question
of the destruction of the food of fishes by the beam-trawl.
The Spawning and Spawning Places of the Food-Fishes——In a
report on this subject Dr T. Wemyss Fulton describes the results
of the observations made during the year, many thousands of fishes
having been examined on board the ‘Garland,’ and all along the
coast, and the duration of their spawning period in most cases
determined. The duration of the spawning season varies much in
different fish; and in some cases fully grown adults appear not to
spawn every year.
These investigations have proved that the old idea that the
majority of the food-fishes, and especially the valuable flat-fishes,
come into bays and estuaries to spawn is not correct. The only
fishes which appear to spawn within the territorial waters are the
almost valueless dabs, the flounder, and to some extent the gurnard.
These fish spawn almost anywhere, both offshore and inshore.
It is different with the more valuable fishes. The majority of the
food-fishes congregate at the spawning time in immense shoals on
the East Coast at grounds lying from about eight to above twenty
miles from shore, in what may be termed the extra-territorial
spawning zone. This is the case with plaice, cod, haddock, whiting,
&c., which do not spawn at all in the territorial waters on the
Kast Coast. The young fishes are not, as a rule, found at the place
of spawning, the floating pelagic eggs being carried by the surface
currents chiefly shorewards. The ‘Garland’ has obtained large
numbers of these eggs, and of the larval fishes, in the tow-nets. Dr
Fulton gives reasons for the belief that the selection of a particular
offshore ground for spawning depends upon the set of the
surface currents at the spawning season ; these carry the floating
eggs during their development to the zones where food for the
young fishes is most abundant and shelter most readily secured.
The value of the investigations into the spawning grounds of the
food-fishes, the distribution of immature fish, &c., would be very
14 Part LII.—Kighth Annual Report
greatly increased if the Board were in possession of a vessel capable
of carrying on such work at distances from shore. It is very
desirable to have a thorough examination made of the great
fishing banks lying off the Scotch coast.
The Proportional Numbers and Sizes of the Sexes among Sea Fishes.
-—In another paper Dr Wemyss Fulton gives the results of his in-
quiries into this subject, based upon an examination of 12,666
fishes. Females are as a rule much more numerous than males ;
the proportion of females to each 100 males is, among sea fishes
generally, 228 females to 100 males; among lemon soles the pro-
portion is 297; among plaice, 138; flounders, 84; long rough dabs,
842 ; turbot, 196; cod, 133 ; haddock, 188; and gurnard, 409. The
females are also as a rule larger; but the male is the larger among
cod, haddock, and a few other fishes.
Experiments on the Migratory Movements of Sea Fishes.—A series
of experiments, designed to ascertain the migrations of the food-
fishes and their rate of growth, were carried on last year on board
the ‘Garland,’ chiefly in the Firth of Forth and St Andrews Bay.
Such experiments are also being carried on in Denmark. Brass
labels, bearing a number, were attached to about a thousand fishes,
which were then replaced in the sea. Several of the plaice and
cod, and one of the skates were recaptured, in some cases after the
lapse of six months. The results serve to show that in corre-
spondence with what has been ascertained in regard to the distri-
bution of immature fish, that plaice under twelve inches in length
do not quit the territorial waters during the offshore spawning.
They also serve to show that fish do not probably travel such
distances as has been supposed, nearly all having been recaptured
within a mile or so of the place where they were returned to the
sea.
The Pelagic Fauna, Pelagic Ova, and Larval Fishes.—Professor
W. C. M‘Intosh, F.R.S., has made an elaborate study of the pelagic
fauna of St Andrews Bay. ‘The first portion of his report on this
subject was published last year; the second part, dealing with the
distribution of the invertebrate organisms which form the food of
many larval and other fishes, will be found in the present volume.
Professor M‘Intosh has also in another paper described the ova
of the food-fishes and the larval and post-larval stages obtained in
the ‘Garland’s’ tow-nets at various parts of the coast. These
include the ova or larve of plaice, lemon sole, flounders, dabs, cod,
haddock, ling, whiting, &c.; and they constitute an indispensable
part of the general study of the reproduction of the food-fishes.
Additions to the Fauna of the Firth of Forth—Mr Thomas Scott,
F.L.S., one of the naturalists of the Board, while superintending the
prosecution of the trawling experiments of the ‘Garland,’ and the
inquiry into the food of fishes, has made large collections of the
invertebrate fauna. Mr Scott’s industry is indicated by the fact
that in his paper describing these, he records over 80 species of
organisms not previously recognised as belonging to the Firth of
Forth. Several of these are for the first time recorded for the East
of Scotland; some are new to Britain and a few new to science.
This paper is illustrated by two plates.
The Invertebrate Fauna of Inland Waters—The first part of
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 15
the investigation into the invertebrate organisms present in Scottish
lochs and inland waters is given in the present volume; that,
namely, by Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.S, dealing with Loch Coulter
and its affluent. While scientific inquiries into the nature and
distribution of the fauna of fresh-water lakes have been made with
noteworthy results abroad, as in Italy and Switzerland, no syste-
matic investigation of the kind has been carried on in this country.
These inquiries will throw light upon the special organisms that
form the food of trout and other fresh-water fishes. An investi-
gation of the fauna of Lochleven—so famous for the excellence of
its trout —is now being proceeded with.
The Presence of Anchovies in Scottish Waters.——Dr T. Wemyss
Fulton gives the results of the inquiries made into the recent
incursion of anchovies (EZngraulis encrasicholus) into Scottish seas.
During November, December, January, and February anchovies
were captured in herring-nets at various places along the Scotch
coast, from Dunbar to the Hebrides.
This temporary incursion of anchovies, while of little importance
from a practical fishery point of view, is of some zoological interest.
4, Tor DEVELOPMENT OF FooD-FISHES AND MOLLUSCS.
The Development of the Scallop.—Dr J. H. Fullarton, one of the
Board’s naturalists, has completed a research on the embryology
and development of the scallop, which is commonly known tu the
fishermen of the Firth of Forth and district as the clam, and is
largely used by them asa most excellent bait. No study of the
development of the clam had been made previously. While its
reproduction may extend over a considerable portion of the year,
it reaches its maximum in July and August. Dr Fullarton
succeeded in artificially fertilising the ova and.tracing the various
changes which the developing ovum undergoes, and the various
stages of the embryo. Immense numbers of free-swimming larvee
were captured in September in the tow-nets used over the scallop-
beds. This paper is accompanied by four plates.
The Development of the Common Skate—Dr John Beard, one of
the naturalists, has been engaged on a study of the development of
the common skate. Although the skate is one of the commonest
elasmobranch fishes of our seas very little has been written of its
life-history and development. The development of the embryo of
the common skate as it lies within its ‘purse’ at the bottom of the
sea occupies a long period, probably nine or ten months; it is much
more rapid in summer than in winter. Fhe eggs may be deposited
throughout the year, but chiefly in March and April. Dr Beard
furnishes a minute description of the egg-cases or ‘purses’ of the
various species of skates and rays, and of the various stages in the
development of the embryo. He discusses the function of the
_ temporary external gills, so characteristic in advanced stages of
_ development; and, in opposition to some other authorities he gives
| good reasons for the belief that they are purely respiratory in
| function, and are adapted to the special conditions under which the
_ developing embryo is placed. Dr Beard’s paper is illustrated by
three plates,
16 Part IIL—Highth Annual Report
Hybridism among Sea Fish.—In the Notes and Memoranda will
be found an account of certain ingenious and interesting experi-
ments made by Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.S., on board the ‘Garland,
on the artificial fertilisation of the ova of certain species of sea
fishes with the milt of other species, sometimes widely separated
zoologically.
5. SHORE AND BAIT FISHERIES.
The shore fisheries, comprising lobsters, oysters, mussels, &c.,
require constant care and supervision.
MUSSEL Balt.
The supplies of mussels are of special importance to the line
fishermen of Scotland. From quite recent information obtained
from various parts of the coast it is evident that the supplies
of Scotch mussels are very inadequate for the needs of the
fishermen. On some parts of the coast, where extensive mussel
beds exist, supplies are fairly abundant. The Fifeshire fishermen
obtain nearly all their mussels from Newhaven. Mr Mair, the
fishery officer at Anstruther, states that at the beginning of the
year a reduction was made in the cost of the carriage of mussel-
bait from Newhaven to the east of Fife. Previously the cost was
sixpence per cwt. for a ton or more than a ton, and eightpence per
cwt. for quantities below a ton. Now the charge per cwt. is eight-
pence for three cwts. or under, sixpence for three or more cwts.,
and fourpence halfpenny for three tons or over.. This is an im-
portant concession in favour of line fishermen. There is also a
reduction in the cost of carriage of clams. At Stonehaven the
supply has been abundant and of excellent quality, but expensive.
The mussels are obtained chiefly from Holland, vid Leith, and cost
the fishermen about £2, 15s. per ton. Irish mussels cost about
£2,103. per toa, but they are not so good in quality, nor so free
from dirt and refuse as the Dutch mussels. At Peterhead, owing
to the increased prosecution of haddock fishing, there has been a
scarcity of mussels; those used are obtained chiefly from Holland
and the North of Ireland. The Irish mussels cost about £2, 63. per
ton, about £1, 8s. of which represents the cost of carriage. The
Dutch mussels, which are preferred, cost the fishermen about £3
per ton. On account of the great demand and the scarcity, prices
have lately risen considerably. The fishermen at Fraserburgh
complain of the inferior quality of the mussels and the increase of
price. In the Moray Firth Dutch mussels are now largely used.
They are of excellent quality but expensive. A ton costs £3, 3s.
at Macduff. Irish mussels cost about £2, 10s., but are considered
less economical, as a ton of Dutch mussels will bait fully double
the number of lines that a ton of Irish mussels will. At Buckie
mussels are obtained from Tain, Dundee, Port-Glasgow, Newhaven,
Hull, Ireland, and Holland. Dutch mussels landed at Buckiein |
February 1890 sold at £3, 10s. per ton. !
On the East Coast, therefore, the Dutch mussel is now being ©
very largely used as bait. The fishermen say they form the best
bait they have had for many years; but complaint is made of their —
_ great cost. .
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. His
In the opinion of the Board it is very desirable to do everything
possible for the relief of the burdens placed upon the fishermen of
Scotland by the present great cost of mussel bait. For this purpose
it is necessary that the working of existing beds should be placed
under proper regulations, and that every effort should be made to
extend the system of bed-culture, which was introduced with so
much success at Montrose, through the intelligent enterprise of
Mr James Johnston. Abstract recommendations are of little
| utility unless means are at the same time provided by which these
recommendations can be carried out. As in the cultivation of
oysters, an essential condition of success is that mussel-beds should
| be farmed either by lease or otherwise (as in France, Holland, and
| elsewhere) by individuals, corporations, or associations, and that they
| should be worked under regulations drawn up by the Board.
| The Bouchdt system of mussel-culture should also be carefully
tested. The second Bouchdét erected at the Eden estuary has now
| been completed, and will serve to show whether or not this system
' could be introduced more largely with a prospect of success, or
whether its cost will outweigh its advantages.
OYSTERS.
Se eo
it has been shown elsewhere that the Scottish oyster fishery
has been for along period of years gradually declining. At one
| time large quantities of oysters were exported from Scotland.
There can be little doubt that this fishery will not be revived until
measures similar to those adopted in the United States, Holland,
France, and other countries are introduced into Scotland; that is to
say, the systematic cultivation of the oyster under simple pro-
prietary conditions, which will ensure the protection of the oysters,
and the preservation of the produce to the oyster-culturist. Many
efforts have been made, and a great deal of money has been lost,
in attempts to introduce systems of oyster-culture into Scotland
' without a proper preliminary knowledge having been obtained as
_ to the suitability of the locality chosen for the experiment. The
| results of such attempts in the Firth of Forth and elsewhere have
_ shown that it by no means follows that because extensive oyster
_ beds once existed in a given place, they may now without much
_ trouble be re-created.
_ The ‘Garland’ is at present engaged in the West Coast of Scot-
_ land, under the direction of Mr W. Anderson Smith, who has
_ special knowledge and experience of oysters and oyster-culture,
' and Dr J. H. Fallarton, in making an investigation into the
_ remnants of the once famous oyster-beds there, in order to ascertain,
if possible, the causes of their depletion, to determine their physical
' and biological conditions, especially in relation to the fall of spat,
and to discover places likely to be suitable for oyster-culture.
During last autumn Dr J. H. Fullarton visited the oyster-culture
| farms in France and Holland, and he gives in the present volume
| an interesting account of the various systems employed.
Questions of ownership of foreshore rights and rights to neigh-
_ bouring bottom are comparatively simple in France and Holland.
| In France the State is proprietor of all the foreshores and of the
Be , b
t '
ee es
.—
18 Part IIL.—Highth Annual Report’ =.
sea bottom within the territorial waters, and it does not divest itself
of this right. Areas are let to capitalists and to fishermen, the ~
State exacting a rental therefor, and granting certain privileges of —
fishing on natural banks to the seamen of its marine. In Holland
there is a slight difference. The Government owns most of the
oyster and mussel ground; but there are cases where it is difficult
to say whether the Crown, as representative of the public, or the
proprietor of the ex adverso land, is proprietor of the fishery banks.
The system of letting the ground differs in the two countries,
though in some respects it is similar. Before 1870 the oyster
industry of Holland hardly existed, but in that year the Yerscke
banks in the East Schelde were let to a society of fishermen for a —
period of eighteen years, at an annual rental of £2250. The ~
fishermen, however, were incapable of managing this new venture,
and on their application they were relieved of their obligation, and —
the banks were let to a society of merchants at a rent £500 less —
than was paid by the fishermen. At present these banks are let —
on lease, which expires in 1915, and the annual rental to the Dutch
Treasury is £30,000. The beds are parcelled out in rectangular —
lots of limited size—2 acres being the usual extent—and these are, —
on a fixed and advertised date, let by public auction for a limited
number of years. The result of this system is an increasing revenue
to the Dutch Treasury. In France the Naval Department, or
Ministry of Marine, are charged not only with Admiralty duties, —
but also with the management of the fisheries. In parcelling out —
the oyster ground the French, like the Dutch, divide it off by means —
of stakes into lots of from half an acre upwards. These lots are ~
either given to the conscripts who have served their time in the ©
navy at a nominal rental, or they are let to ostreiculturists at 30 to —
35 francs per hectare in Arcachon, and at 80 francs per hectare in —
the Morbihan. The rental is therefore about 10s. per acre at —
Arcachon, and about 25s. per acre in the Morbihan. In Holland ©
leases are generally given for a period of fifteen years, though there
are cases where the let is for thirty years, with certain breaks in ©
the lease. Some of the mussel-vanks are let for five years only.
In France, on the other hand, the tenure, though nominally a yearly —
one, is in practice longer, as if the beds are well cultivated and to ~
the approval of the maritime authorities, there is no disturbance of —
tenure. When the Government in this way lets oyster-beds and —
derives a revenue therefrom, it exercises a certain amount of pro- —
tection, the lessees also guarding their own interests. In addition
to police patrol, the larger ostreiculturists have also boats and
watchmen of their own. In France the gardes-de-peche protect —
chiefly the Government oyster-beds, which are reserved for the
marine conscripts, but they and the servants of the ostreiculturists
also watch the parcs of the capitalist. At Arcachon the bay is
dotted over with pontons, species of arks, being in fact boats with —
houses built on them, which serve as watch-houses for the fisher-
men—parguers—of the proprietors of the pare. *
Dr Fullarton describes fully the various methods of oyster
culture practised in France and Holland, and draws attention to
the importance of distinguishing between the two processes of
oyster-production and oyster-fattening. .
)
ay
. oe
T ¥
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 19
COCKLES.
| The cockle industry is large and important on many parts
: of the English coast. In Scotland the chief cockle fishery is
| at Barra, in the Hebrides, and since the yield of these beds is
| rapidly diminishing it was deemed desirable to institute an inquiry
into the subject. This inquiry was conducted recently by Dr J.
H. Fullarton, and the results are given in the present volume.
The history of the Barra Beds, their extent, position, and their
. yield are described ; and it is recommended that, as the fishermen
3 themselves desire, ‘measures should be adopted to prevent the
taking of undersized cockles, and to ensure the working of the beds
by a system of rotation. A chart of the Barra cockle-beds is given.
LOBSTERS.
On the West Coast the lobster fishery has generally deteriorated ;
there has been a diminution of numbers, and also a diminution in
size. At Barra, lobsters have become so scarce on the east side of
the island that the fishermen have abandoned this fishery and
have taken to the cod and ling fishing. Some of the West Coast
lobster fishermen desire a close time, but a close time is now
enforced by nature in the storms of winter, and the fishery can only
__ be profitably carried on for a few months in summer.
y More than in any other sea fishery, close times and other restric-
| tions have been applied in that for lobsters (especially in Canada
and Norway), and have been unsuccessful. Recourse is being had
_ in the United States, Newfoundland, Norway, and Canada to arti-
ficial culture.
The Fishery Board are, as has been said, constructing a lobster
_ enclosure at Brodick, on the West Coast, and hope that means will
be provided to enable them to carry on operations at Dunbar, where
' lobster fishing was once of great importance, large numbers being
| exported in welled smacks.
6. PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS.
_ In the determination of the physical conditions of the sea
a which are related to fishery questions, especially temperature and
density, it is of essential importance that the observations should
be continuous. Scattered or occasional observations, and observa-
4 tions in a given area only at considerable intervals of time, are of
little or no value by themselves in connection with scientific
E Gchery inquiries. Hence the most important observations are
_ those taken daily at fixed stations, as is done on the Continent
ib Bsn in America. In 1888, the Northern Lighthouse Commis-
_ sioners courteously consented to the. proposal that daily observa-
_ tions should be taken at Lighthouses and Lightships in the Forth
and Tay area, and these observations are now going on. Physical
| observations are now being made as follows :—
| 1, At Fixed Stations—(1) Bell Rock Lighthouse, (2) Lightship
«Abertay, at the mouth of the Tay, (3) Lightship at North
Carr Rocks, (4) Oxcar Lighthouse, (5) Dunbar, (6) Ardrishaig,
) | Brodick, » (8) cee:
tons
Ee.
‘ Pee, tk
j :-~ a-s, 5
aN ie, Wa =
Aare SH x
a,
Sa Oe
Baty Oe ahh
SAL, ye
9) OR A on
20 Part LII.—Eighth Annual Report
2. On Board the Fishery Cruisers:— Garland, ‘ Vigilant, and
‘ Jackal.’
When sufficient observations have accumulated there is little |
doubt the results of their study will throw much light upon q
various fishery problems.
7. SCHEME OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1890-91.
The following is the outline of the scheme of work for the :
current year :-——
I. SEA FISHERIES.
A. Special Inquiries.
1. Inquiries into the influence of beam-trawling and other ~
modes of fishing on the productiveness of the fishing grounds. S
2. Investigations as to the distribution of immature and under- —
sized fish in inshore and offshore waters at different seasons, and ~
their capture by different modes of fishing. 4
3. Experiments on bait and the best modes of preserving it. ©
East coast fishermen pay above £20,000 a year for the carriage of —
mussel bait. Three-fourths of the weight carried consists of the ~
useless shells and refuse, the carriage of which thus costs the ~
fishermen above £15,000 annually. Unsuccessful experiments —
have been made with some preservatives, but Dr Fulton believes —
a simpler process may be found effective. §
4. Inquiry into the destruction of food-fishes by sea-birds. —
Enormous quantities of immature fish and herrings are destroyed —
by certain sea-birds, which are of no economic value, but are ~
protected by Acts of Parliament. Since the destruction of im- —
mature fish is so important in relation to the fish-supply, it is —
desirable to obtain definite information as to this source of loss.
B. Investigations into the Food, Reproduction, Migrations, and Habits _
of the Food-Fishes. q
1, Inquiries into the food of the edible fishes. .
2. Inquiries into the reproduction of the food-fishes ; determina- —
tion of the period and duration of spawning, the location of spawning —
grounds, and the limits of size of mature and immature fish.
3. Inquiries into the migratory movements and rate of growth of —
food-fishes. ; id
C. The Development of the Food- Fishes. P.
Investigation into the development of (1) the Turbot, (2) the
Plaice, (3) the Lemon Sole, (4) the Skate, (5) the Haddock.
II. SHoRE FISHERIES.
Ca
These include the fisheries for oysters, mussels, clams, cockles, :
lobsters, crabs, &c.
1, Inquiry into the causes of the depletion of oyster-beds ; the. J
determination of the biological, thermal, and other physical con-—
ditions of existing beds, especially in relation to the fall of spat, and
of places suitable for oyster-culture. |
2, Experiments as to mussel-culture. ae.
3. Experiments in the hatching and rearing of lobsters. ai
Wala? ©* LN Pe ate So EI SSP lands oC) i AA ed Tg Py
inlays nit Sea hey, aN 7 p h ms a ah ath wy
oh a7 a ry, ae J
ss
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 21
III. INLAND FISHERIES.
Inquiry into the invertebrate fauna of the Scottish lochs, and of
the organisms which form the food of fresh-water fishes.
IV. PHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS.
In addition to those referred to above, it is intended to commence
a series of observations at other places on the West Coast ; and that
special observations be made by carefully-selected, intelligent
fishermen, while fishing at the principal fishing grounds around the
Scottish coast, who will also keep a comparative record of Ue
catches.
8. Conraonane Weanae Work.
An account is given by Dr T. Wemyss Fulton of the con-
temporary fishery work undertaken in this country and in the
United States, Canada, Newfoundland, Spain, France, Belgium,
Holland, Denmark, Norway, and Germany.
The chief questions engaging attention at present are:—
1. The influence of certain modes of fishing on the capture of
immature fish.
2. The artificial propagation of sea fishes, lobsters, &c.
3. The food, spawning and spawning grounds, the migrations,
and the habits of the food-fishes. |
The Board is indebted to a large number of foreign fishery
authorities and others for co-operation in their scientific work.
Among these may be mentioned Colonel Marshall M‘Donald, the
United States Fish Commissioner; Dr P. P. C. Hoek, the Scientific
Superintendent of Dutch Fisheries; Professor Pouchet, the
Director of the Concarneau Laboratory; Professor Marion, the
Director of the Marine Laboratory at Marseilles; M. Raveret
Wattel, Secretary to the Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de
France; Captain Dannevig, the Superintendent of the famous Sea
a _ Fish Hatchery at Flédevig, Norway; Captain Drechsel, Superin-.
tendent of Danish Fisheries, and the naturalist, Dr C. G. J.
i - Petersen; Sefior Rafael Gutierren Vela, of the Spanish Fisheries
Department ; and Professor Giglioli, Florence.
The Board have also to thank Sir Thomas F. Brady and the
other Inspectors of Irish Fisheries, and Professor W. C. M‘Intosh,
_ FE.BS., of St. Andrews, for much assistance received.
22 Part II. —LEighth Annual Report
SECTION A.-—GENERAL REPORTS,
IL.—REPORT ON THE TRAWLING EXPERIMENTS OF THE |
‘GARLAND, AND ON THE STATISTICS OF EAST ~
COAST FISHERIES. Part IV. (Plates I-III.) “a
I. INTRODUCTORY.
The trawling experiments of the ‘Garland’ during 1889 were conducted —
on the same general lines as in former years, but with greater continuity. —
The stations in the Firth of Forth and St Andrews Bay were examined ~
at short intervals ; and those off the Forfarshire and Aberdeenshire Coast, —
and in the Moray Firth, as often as opportunity would allow. In the
month of July the ‘ Garland ’ proceeded to the Orkney Isles, where four 4
stations were selected and examined. 3
During the year 1889, the ‘Garland’ made 153 hauls of the trawl at
the various stations in the closed waters and. the waters adjoining (as —
compared with 90 hauls in 1888), besides a large number of hauls at —
other carefully selected places in the inshore and offshore waters, and a
large number of observations, which are dealt with in the special report |
on the Distribution of Immature Fish. *
On the 26th July, 1889, the Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act came into —
operation. This Act closes the whole of the territorial waters of Scotland, —
together with certain bays specified in the Schedule to the Act, against
beam-trawling or otter-trawling.
By a Bye-law passed under Section 6 (which gives to the mace
Board certain powers), the area in the Firth of Clyde lying inside of a —
line between the south end of Bute and the Ayrshire Coast was opened —
to sailing trawlers under eight tons burden. Before this Act came into
force the greater part of the territorial waters on the East Coast was —
closed against trawling by Bye-laws of the Fishery . Board ; namely, —
from the south side of the Firth of Forth to the Ord of Caithness, It
may be well to give a résumé here of the successive Bye-laws passed by
the Fishery Board in relation to beam and otter trawling before the
Herring Fishery (Scotland) Amendment Act came into force:—
1. On the 5th of April 1886, the first Bye-law was passed, by which
the Firth of Forth and St Andrews Bay were closed within a line drawn —
between Tantallon Castle, the Isle of May, Fife Ness, and the Fairway
be _ Buoy at the mouth of the Tay.
fa _ 2. On the same date Aberdeen Bay was closed within a line drawn
\ between Girdle Ness Lighthouse and the Cruden Scars Rocks. Th
ey was revoked on July 4th, 1887. '
* On July 4th, 1887, the territorial waters of the Moray Firth were
! sie between the Ord of Caithness and Kinnaird Head. q
4. On July 4th, 1887, the Bye-law relating to St Andrews Bay was —
modified so as to include the territorial waters from the mouth of the Taya
to Red Head in Forfarshire.
Ks 5. On February 28th, 1889, the territorial waters between Red Head
and Kinnaird Head, were closed.
& > ae eh AAS oe ek ho Bh 1 Sa Ae APOE A ete vo) ay Al ee 4, he ’ ¥ Mm ie OR ee Ve ‘
‘ A 4 RN yk IY we Hin han 5 ee is Lay we nal i leg? t i bi ' Pi: j \" uny ona x
ae he! es. CECE irr Caer: Aver oa Teco pea er y f;
|
ae ra) Pe a erie carla eat ; aes . ; y 7 ¥
r ; . ‘ : i fa ' \ “
- ‘ , \ ; : ¥
et : ’ » : ;
q
“
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 23
Besides the periodic examination of the stations in the territorial waters,
a large number of special observations were made at the fishing grounds
in the offshore waters, and along carefully selected lines in the Firth of
Forth, Through the courtesy of Mr James Johnston, a member of the
Fishery Board, Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.S., was allowed to accompany the
steam-trawler ‘Southesk’ in its visits to the great fishing grounds in the
Moray Firth and at other parts of the East Coast, and much valuable
information was thus obtained. In addition to the ordinary trawling
experiments a large number of observations were made by means of a
| special net, as to the distribution of immature fish in the territorial and
extra-territorial waters, and at some of the chief fishing grounds. The
i} _ results are referred to in a special Report on the subject (p. 157).
¥ The statistics in connection with the trawling experiments which have
been collected, as to the relative amounts of fish landed by line fishermen
and beam-trawlers along the East Coast; the quantities obtained by line
fishermen from the territorial waters where trawling is prohibited; and
the proportional amounts of small fish landed by beam-trawlers and line
fishermen, are discussed below. A part of the work connected with the
| tabulation of some of these statistics has fallen upon the fishery officers
} of the districts concerned, namely, Mr John Murray, Newhaven; Mr
t
a —s. ,
Mair, Anstruther; Mr Donald Miller, Montrose; Mr Bain, Stonehaven ;
and Mr Couper, Aberdeen. The trawling returns were kept by Mr |
Thomas Scott, F.L.S. I have also to acknowledge the assistance of Mr SOs
edo
a Se
2 ;
= = ~ ¢
: as e aS E “ 5
oe ae > we * ~ ay = “+ . .
cS * ee eh ee 4 | : — 2 = . - 7 $
“~ ry 1c >. : 2 5s se. = oe aa =
ie Sng a 5 es ese A = Spe i ee aad 5 = eS aoe 3
~ 7. e ae ee Ee Vee i de Ss er Fy sates oa Pt a Se > scoot - ae. faery a Sak
Emre 1 r- 7 ~ Pn pte iin oe gS = = 4 &
Ramsay Smith, B.Se., and Dr J. H. mtu, in the tabulation of the nA
statistics, * i
| N II. THE WORK OF THE ‘GARLAND.’ ; "|
1
~w
1. Tas Firtu or FortH.
pee’ See
PE ES a
ee we
Plate I.
Pre at ee cS
- Seats >
The various stations in the Firth of Forth area were examined in
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, October, and
November. Altogether 90 hauls of the trawl were made, as compared ho
with 50 in 1888, each of the nine stations having been examined on ten ae
occasions. Thus, 70 hauls were made within the closed or territorial
waters and 20 in the open waters outside. The tables referring to these
observations will be found at page 41. From a careful analysis of the
results (vide page 38) it is found that, as compared with 1888, there
has been a general decrease in the numbers of fish taken. In 1888 the
general average of all kinds of fish captured in the closed area was 211
per ‘shot.’ In 1889 it was 164°8 per ‘shot,’ which is the lowest average
since these experiments were begun. There has also been a large decrease
| _ in the average per ‘shot’ for the open waters, where trawling is not
| restricted. In 1888 it was 151, while last year it was only 111:9. The
| above figures refer to the total of all kinds of fish brought up in the trawl-
net. On an examination of the returns as to flat-fishes and round-fishes ©
it will be found that the diminution is chiefly owing to a decrease in
_ round-fish. In 1888 the average number of flat-fish captured in each
haul in the closed waters was 117; and in 1889, 110°9—thus showing a
g _ slight decrease last year. In the open waters the average for 1888 was
34-4, and for 1889 40:3, indicating, therefore, a slight increase. The ,
" decrease of round-fish is much more marked. In 1888, in the closed area,
the average per ‘shot,’ was 92'1, and last year only 49°8, In the open area
4 » Pgs) 2 RP ae —
© Mae: Ste Se ek
A-g
Ss
ae -“
=
tex
P25
ep ah
Ef en
a ts
> Bar ie fr
J -
bey foe At
2 . .
at -
oa a,
24 Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
the averages are :—114°7 in 1888, and 68°6 in 1889. The averages for
the past four years are as follows :— : a
Flat-Fish. Round-Fish.
1886! TABBED Ch A Bae
| 1887, BOSD CHS Ae Reiad Ma aanes
| Closed Ares! egg?) nya let Oe ae omnes
| 1889, LAO ORAL T ee 49-8
1886, Ot SAIN 36°7
Ath EROS BSS BOB ar hi othe vt ee
P 1 ABBR SBR de rae eee Sea a
1889, AOS ia oe Ae 68°6
It would therefore appear that 1887 was an exceptional year. is
So much for the general proportions of flat-fish and round-fish. Inthe —
case of the various kinds of flat-fish obtained in the closed waters it will
be seen from the tables that plaice, flounders, and long rough dabs have ~
slightly increased, while lemon soles, witch soles, and common dabs have
diminished ; skate also have slightly decreased. In the unclosed waters
there has been a slight increase in plaice, lemon soles, common dabs, long
rough dabs, and flounders, and a decrease in witch soles. Among round- —
fish we find that in the closed area there has been a considerable decrease _
of haddock and whiting, while cod and gurnard have remained pretty
much as in 1888. In the open area exactly the same thing has occurred,
namely, a considerable diminution of the numbers of haddock and whiting,
' while cod and gurnard have remained stationary.
ve If the takes at the various stations in the closed area are compared in
the two years, it will be found that there has been a general decrease at
Stations I, IL, III., V., and VII, and an increase at Stations IV. and
VI. The increase at Station IV. is entirely owing to an increase in flat-
; fish, and almost wholly to plaice, the average per ‘shot’ of plaice in 1888
aOR | being 147, while in 1889 it was 192°8. At Station VI. the increase is
. also due to an increase in flat-fish, and chiefly to plaice, common dabs, and
we long rough dabs. At the other stations, diminution has occurred both in
i round-fish and flat-fish (especially in round-fish), except at Station V.,
where flat-fish have considerably increased. Plaice have decreased at all
" the stations except at Stations IV., V., and VI.; lemon soles have
ae decreased at all stations except Stations V., and VI.; flounders have ~
increased at all the stations ; common dabs have increased at Stations I,
IV., V., and VI., and decreased at Stations II., III., and VII.; long rough ~
dabs have increased at Stations I., IIL, V., and VI., and diminished at
% Stations II., IV., and VII. The average numbers of cod taken per ‘shot’ —
. at the various stations show a remarkable correspondence in the two years. —
Haddocks have decreased in numbers at all stations, sometimes to a very —
great extent; and whitings at all stations except V., where a slight increase
occurred. If a comparison be made between the monthly average per
‘shot’ of the whole of the closed area in 1888 and 1889, it will be found ~
that there has been a general increase, especially in flat-fish, during the —
latter months of 1889 ; and the same remark is true of the open area. ,
2. St AnpReEws Bay.
Plate I. é
: The fishing grounds within the protected area were examined on twenty- +
eight occasions, and those in the open waters beyond on seven occasions. —
As in the F irth of Forth there was a decrease in the general area in
av st 8
me’; : f >
¥ J y tf ; ye
Ni : Meee rT heen me Ries
+ ape Aaa taht ee a a ;
’ AT oe yet f Fieiy a 3 oasis
5 \ bok ne ?
of the Fishery Bowrd for Scotland. 25
the closed waters, and also at Station V. in the open waters. In 1888,
the average for the closed waters was 286; in 1889 it was 209°5. At
Station V. the average in 1888 was 221:2; it 1889 it was 183-1. There
has thus been a general decrease both in the closed area anc in the unclosed
area. The decrease in the closed area in 1889 was due to a diminution
in the numbers both of round-fish and flat-fish, but espedally of round-
fish. The averages are as follows :—flat fish, 215-6 in 1883 and 189°] in
1889 ; round-fish, 68-9 in 1888 and 19:2 in 1889. In the open area the
decrease has been entirely in round-fish, flat-fish showing a slightly better
average. The averages for each year since the trawling experiments were
begun are as follows :—
Flat-Fish. Round-Fish.
ASG I TAR RS Coe BT
PAT AGA Nk lB g
Closed Area, <jge9 9156 si wtwSC BD
(esac aOR og
( 1886, 18 SE eg 73-0
Way) RAB acd vce paestan ss GICs
Open Ares, jigse) 1488 |) TR
PIBSDY cs TBM BR citys Ge hg OS
It will thus be seen that, as in the averages for the Firth of Forth, 1887
was an exceptional year.
In the closed area, plaice showed an increase in 1889, as did also
flounders; while common dabs and long rough dabs diminished, and the
numbers of lemon soles remained the same asin 1888. In the case of |
- round-fish there was a very slight increase in cod, a very great decrease in
haddocks, and a slight decrease in whitings. In the unclosed area there
‘was, as in the closed waters, an increase in plaice and flounders, a decrease
in lemon soles, and a slight decrease of long rough dabs, while the numbers
of the common dab remained much about the same.
If we consider the stations in St Andrews Bay separately, it will be
found that at Stations I. and II. there was a considerable increase in flat-
fish (almost entirely of plaice), and a large decrease at Stations III. and IV.
(chiefly of common dabs and plaice). Whitings, and especially haddocks,
were obtained in much less numbers at all the stations.
It is a remarkable circumstance that, although there has been a
general decrease in the flat-fish, there has been, both in the closed and
open areas of the Forth and St Andrews Bay, an increase in the numbers
of plaice.
_3. OTHER East Coast Districts.
The trawling stations at Montrose, in Aberdeen Bay, in the Moray
__. Firth, and at the Orkney Islands were also examined. The results of the
observations are given at page 107.
The two stations at Montrose were described in last year’s Report
E _ (p. 18), and were examined in June and in September. The data for
comparison with those of 1888 are too few to be of much value, but so far
as they go they show that in 1889 there was a very great increase in flat-
fish, and a slight decrease in round-fish. The increase of flat-fish was due
__ entirely to an increase in common dabs and plaice ; and the decrease in
__ round-fish to a great decrease in haddocks.
The stations at Aberdeen Bay were also examined in June and
a September. Here, likewise, the number of hauls was too few to yield
>
hee ‘a
f 7
results of much importance. The general average shows an increase from
' large and small fish landed in the Leith, and Aberdeen districts by
Pe ees er? Bes eM BIL mapaalig
ree iauradiie Sea Pe ee
">, A
26 Part ITI.— Eighth Annual Report
72°1 to 174:4, the increase being chiefly due to an increase in flat-fish,
especially, as at Montrose, to common dabs and plaice.
The stations in the Moray Firth were examined in June. The general
results show a Jecrease both in round-fish and flat-fish.
‘i
aS |
By,
oe
The results pf the experimental trawlings at the Orkney Islands are 5 "
given at page 119.
Besides the examination of the ordinary stations above referred to, the
‘Garland’ was on several occasions employed in trawling operations in
the offshore waters, especially at the well-known spawning ground, Smith
Bank, in the Moray Firth ; and at a fishing ground lying about 21 miles
east of May [sland (Liston Bank). The results obtained are referred to
more particularly in the special Reports dealing with the spawning of
marine fishes (p. 257) and the distribution of immature fish (p. 157).
III. SPECIAL STATISTICS OF FISH CAUGHT BY LINE
. FISHERMEN AND BEAM-TRAWLERS.
The statistical information obtained for comparison with the results of
the ‘Garlard’s’ trawling experiments on the East Coast are given on p. 121.
These refer to (1) the fish landed by fishing boats and by beam-trawl
vessels in the Leith, Anstruther, Montrose, Stonehaven, and Aberdeen
Districts, during each month in the year, ‘with the total value (Table
E., p. 122); (2) the amounts of fish caught from month to month by fish-
ing boats within the territorial waters of the Leith, Anstruther, Montrose
and Stonehaven Districts (Tables G., H., p. 137); (3) the amount of fish
landed by beam-trawlers and line fishermen along the whole East Coast of
Scotland (Table I. p. 156); (4) the quantities of large haddocks, small
haddocks and whiting, and of cod landed monthly by the Buckhaven
fishing boats in 1888 and 1889, (Table D., p. 121) ; (5) the amounts of
beam-trawlers and line fishermen (Table F., p. 133).
1. RELATIVE QUANTITIES OF FISH TAKEN BY LINE AND BY
BEAM-TRAWL,
The statistics referring to this subject are given in Table E. (p. 122),
which shows in detail the amounts landed monthly in five East Coast
districts ; and also in Table I. (p. 156), which shows the gross amounts
landed in the northern and southern group of East Coast districts, and
along the whole East Coast, during each month in the year.
It must be noted that these tables give only the amounts es
i
; P
*s
‘
’
without furnishing any indication of the localities where the fish were
caught. In the Leith district, in 1889, line fishermen landed a much
greater quantity of cod, ling, and saithe, and also a larger amount of
halibut, lemon soles, and skate, than they did in 1888. On the other
hand they landed less haddock, whiting, turbot, flounder, and plaice.
Beam-trawlers in 1889 landed about the same quantity of cod, a slightly
greater amount of ling, turbot, halibut, and skate ; slightly less saithe, and
much less haddock, whiting, lemon sole, flounder, and plaice. The total
value of the fish landed in 1889 by fishermen (which, however, includes ¥
net-caught fish and shell-fish) was £78,014, as compared with £77,439 in ©
1888. The value of the fish landed by beam-trawlers in 1889 was
£35,876, and in 1888 £41,423.
Tn the Anstruther district no fish caught by the beam-trawl were landed.
The quantities landed by fishermen showed an increase of cod, torsk, a
¥
fa =,
:
i
|
|
|
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 27
saithe, whiting, and turbot; a slight decrease of haddock, ling, and skate,
and a considerable decrease in halibut, flounders, and plaice. The value
(including net-caught fish and. shell-fish) was £55,596 in 1889, and
£59,383 in 1888.
In the Montrose district the line fishermen in 1889 landed larger
quantities of cod, ling, and turbot; somewhat diminished quantities of
saithe and whiting, and much less halibut, haddock, flounders, and plaice.
The amounts landed by beam-trawlers show an increase in cod, saithe,
turbot, haddock, lemon soles, flounder, plaice, and skate, and a decrease
in ling and whiting. The value of the fish landed by fishermen (inclusive
of net-caught fish and shell-fish) was £80,550 in 1889 and £78,648 in
1888. In 1889, beam-trawlers landed fish valued at £12,956, and in
1888 at £9316 ; the increase being chiefly due to more fish being landed
by trawlers at Dundee.
In the Stonehaven district the only fish landed were landed by fisher-
men. As compared with 1888 there was a slight increase in haddocks,
turbot, and skate, a considerable increase in cod, ling, saithe, whiting,
and halibut, and a considerable decrease in flounder and plaice. The
value (including net-caught fish and shell-fish) in 1889 was £24,179, and
in 1888 £28,699.
In the Aberdeen district the fish landed by fishermen showed a slight
increase in turbot, a considerable increase in cod, ling, saithe, and halibut,
a slight decrease in whiting and skate, and a considerable decrease in
hadtcck, flounder, and plaice. Beam-trawlers landed considerably more
saithe, haddock, turbot, and lemon sole than in 1888, slightly less cod,
- ling, flounder, and plaice, and much less whiting. The value of the fish
landed by fishermen (exclusive of net-caught fish and shell-fish) was
£93,460 in 1889, and £90,908 in 1888. Beam-trawlers landed fish valued
at £98,652 in 1889, and at £82,088 in 1888.
The total quantity of fish landed by beam-trawlers and line fishermen
along the whole East Coast, in 1889, was 1,338,7344 cwts. as compared
with 1,334,511 in 1888; or an increase of 42231 outa: In 1889 the
line fishermen landed 1 ane 3203 cwts. of fish, and the beam-trawlers
227,4132 cwts. In 1888 the ae were -—1,090,7 7134 landed by line
Shean, and 243,797 landed by beam-trawlers. Thus the line
fishermen landed on the East Coast in 1889, 20,6074 ewts. (or above
1000 tons) more fish than they did in 1888, while the beam-trawlers
landed 26,384 cwts. (or above 800 tons) less than they did in 1888.
There is no definite information as to the number of beam-trawlers
engaged—for English trawlers land large quantities of fish on the Scotch
coast—but it appears from the statistics in Part I. that the number of
fishing boats belonging to the East Coast was 155 less than in 1888,
Of the gross amount landed in 1889, 1,224,268 cwts. consisted of
round-fish (cod, haddock, whiting, d&c.), and 114 4664 cwts. of flat-fish
(turbot, plaice, lemon soles, &c.). In 1888 the total amount of round-
fish landed on the East Coast was 1,209,035 ewts., and of flat-fish 125,476
ewts. Thus there was in 1889 an increase of 15,233 cwts. of round-fish,
and a decrease of 11,0094 of flat-fish landed on the East Coast. Line
fishermen landed a larger quantity of round-fish and a smaller quantity of
flat-fish, and beam-trawlers. landed a smaller amount of both round and
ie flat-fish in 1889 than in 1888.
When the amounts landed in the southern group of districts (from
Aberdeen to Berwick, but exclusive of Aberdeen) are compared with the
amounts landed in the northern group of districts in 1888 and 1889, the
4 ty, following results appear. Line fishermen landed a larger quantity of
28 Part ITI.—Fighth Annual Report
round-fish, and a smaller quantity of flat-fish, in the northern section of
the coast in 1889 than they did in 1888. In the southern section—
where trawling has for some years been prohibited in the greater portion
of the territorial waters—the line-fishermen landed less round-fish in 1889
than in 1888, but a considerably larger quantity of flat-fish. In 1889, in
the northern section of the coast, beam-trawlers landed larger quantities
of both round-fish and flat-fish, and in the southern section smaller
quantities of both round and flat-fish. The general results of the statistics
referring to this subject are graphically represented on Plate IT.
2. STATISTICS SHOWING THE QUANTITIES OF LINE caAuGHT FisH
OBTAINED FROM THE TERRITORIAL AREAS WHERE TRAWLING IS
‘PROHIBITED.
In Tables G., H. (p. 137) are given the monthly quantities of fish
caught by line and net within the territorial waters of a large portion of
the East Coast, viz., from North Berwick, on the south side of the Firth of
Forth, to Skateraw, a few miles south of Aberdeen ; that is to say, in the
Stonehaven, Montrose, and Anstruther districts, and the greater part of
the Leith district. The monthly and yearly averages per boat for each
kind of fish are also given.
The whole of the territorial waters are now closed to beam-trawling ;
but this part of the coast was closed in successive portions, as described on
p. 22.
These statistics therefore serve to show the result of the closure of
successive portions of the territorial waters upon their productiveness to
line fishermen ; and will, in future years, allow most valuable comparison
to be made as to the productiveness of the territorial waters from which
trawling is completely excluded. |
The total quantity of fish caught by line in the territorial area under
consideration in 1888 and 1889 is shown in Table H. (p. 155).
In the four districts in 1888, 127,1374 cwts. were caught, or an average
of 2°95 ewts. per ‘shot,’ in 1889 the total quantity was 129,9654 cwts.,
or an average of 3:02 cwts. per ‘shot.’ There was therefore a general —
increase of fish in the territorial waters. This increase occurred in
Anstruther, Montrose, and Stonehaven districts ; but especially in the two
latter. In the Leith district there was a very slight decrease (from 2°43
ewts. per ‘shot’ to 2°40 cwts.). The average per ‘shot’ in the Montrose
district was 3°953 in 1889, as compared with 3°712 in 1888. When the
quantities of the different kinds of fish are considered, it appears that the
increase was due to an increased catch of cod in 1889 in all the districts,
and to an increase of whiting in the Stonehaven district. In 1888 the
average per ‘shot’ for cod was 0°68 cwts. ; in 1889 it was 0°94 cwts. There
was a decrease of haddocks in all the districts, the average per ‘shot’ for
the year was 1°26 cwts. in 1888 and 1:02 cwts. in 1889. Whitings also —
decreased slightly in all the districts except Stonehaven, where there was
an increase. The yearly average in 1888 was 0°17 cwts. per ‘shot’; in
1889 it was 0°20 cwts. Lemon soles, flounders, and dabs, which are classed
together, decreased from an average per ‘shot’ of 0:20 cwts. in 1888 to an
average of 0°15 in 1889. The decrease was most marked in Anstruther
district, but it also occurred in the Leith and Stonehaven districts. In
the Montrose district there was a slight increase. Skate and turbot are
also classed together. They showed an increase in 1889 as compared with
1888, the averages for the two years being 0°01 cwts. per ‘shot’ in 1888
and 0-02 cwts. per ‘shot’ in 1889. The increase was most marked in the
——— ea Oe ee eee ee hm
co in eat ally
do Va
py
a,
{ oy
.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 29
Leith district. The average per ‘shot’ for other white fish decreased from
0-19 cwts. in 1888 to 0°14 cwts. in 1889. The decrease occurred in the
Anstruther, Montrose, and Stonehaven districts. Inthe Leith district there
was a large increase from 0°009 cwts. per ‘shot’ in 1888 to 0°14 cwts. in
1889.
All the territorial waters of these districts were closed to beam-trawling
by the Herring Fisheries (Scotland) Act, which came into force on 26th July,
1889. The results of a comparison between the averages for a month in
1888 and 1889, for the areas open and closed, would be of no value, owing
to the brief periods comparable. But comparison may be made between
the Leith and Anstruther districts, which have been closed since 1886,
and the Stonehaven district, which was only closed last year. When
this is done, it appears there was a slightly greater relative increase of cod
in the Stonehaven district than in the southern districts, although the
increase in the Anstruther district was also large. The decrease of
haddocks was somewhat more marked in the Stonehaven district ; there
was a large increase in the Leith district. Whitings increased in the
Stonehaven district and diminished slightly in the southern districts.
Lemon soles and flounders decreased relatively more in the Stonehaven
district than in Leith and Anstruther districts. In Stonehaven district
skate and turbot diminished much more than in the two districts south,
as did also ‘ other white fish.’
Mr William Mair, the Fishery Officer at Anstruther, has kept a record
during the past two years of the amounts of haddocks and whitings
captured within the territorial and extra-territorial waters, by the boats
fishing from his district. The results are shown in the following table.
“canis IRS cate ha aa
Year.
| Haddocks. | Whitings. | Haddocks. | Whitings. | Haddocks. Whitings.
cwts. cwts. cwts, cwts. cwts. ewts.
1888. 18,419 1,800 17,862 1,131 36,281 2,931
1889. 12,499 1,972 19,405 1,645 31,904 3,617
Increase. aie OO yeas 4 Bas Pe ug Pare ey 686
Decrease. 5,920 ib dee "hid 4,377
The decrease in the inshore haddock fishing is explained by Mr Mair
.to have been coincident with the failure in the winter herring fishing
in the Firth of Forth; haddocks enter the Forth usually in large
numbers in succession to the herring shoals.
3. BucKHAVEN Happock AND Cop LINE FISHING.
The statistics of this fishery have now been collected since 1884. Those
for 1888 and 1889 are given on p. 121, and represent the numbers of
cod, of large haddocks, and of small haddocks and whiting caught by
Buckhaven boats in the territorial waters, with the average number of fish
per ‘shot’ in each month of the year.
30 Part IIT. —Highth Annual Report
In 1889 the number of cod taken averaged 0°46 per ‘shot,’ as compel
with 0°45 per ‘shot’ in 1888, practically the same numbers in each year
aa although the average per ‘shot’ in the corresponding months of the two
veges years varied considerably. The large haddocks in-1889 showed a great in- —
es crease. In 1888 the average was 62°6 per ‘shot’; in 1889 in was 8071,
while in 1887 it was only 42°8. There has thus been a progressive
increase in the capture of large haddocks by the Buckhaven boats during
recent years. In all the months of 1889 the average for large haddocks
was greater thap in the corresponding months of 1888, except in
September, October, November, and December. Thesmall haddocks and
whitings taken have, on the other hand, very much diminished. In 1888
the average per ‘shot’ for the year was 228°4, while in 1889 it was only
68°4, There is, however, no means of determining in what proportions
the small haddocks and the whitings contributed to the decrease ; the
whitings of all sizes are included with the small haddocks. The average
per ‘shot’ of large and small fish for each of the years'since these statistics
began to be collected, is as follows :—
Average Number Average Number of
of Large Had- Small Haddocks and
docks per Shot. | of Whitings per Shot.
F, TSBA: 4) ) Bort. pee a 29°] 38°3
oN ERB i OR te ARS Poe 22.1 +5
ise, 3 EE RC ee ate a aang ey 147-0
vem DT fick pay ea a ey ae eee 208-9
a To pee eae he eat Mate ty OG 998-4
Op MACRO ert eer atric tes 310. 12 68-4
The average numbers of small haddocks and whitings taken per ‘shot’
was less in every month in 1889 than in the corresponding months of 1888.
The highest average was 101°1 in June; in 1888 the highest average was
eae also in June, viz., 390°7. The lowest average in 1889 was in December,
| when it was only 23°8; in 1888 the lowest average was also in December,
| and was 58°3. The small haddock and whitings are taken in |
aes abundance in the summer months from May to September.
Py - 4, Tur Proportion oF LARGE AND SMALL FISH CAPTURED BY BEAM-
& TRAWLERS AND LINE FISHERMEN.
Statistics have been obtained from certain districts showing the pro-
portional quantities of large and small fish landed by beam-trawlers and
line fishermen in 1889. These statistics are given in Table F. (p. 133).
In the Aberdeen district it will be seen that the proportion of small —
round-fish landed by beam-trawlers is very much greater than the propor-
tions landed by line fishermen. The large cod landed by trawlers ~
amounted to 7946 ewts. and the small cod to 7047 ewts : while line fisher-,
men landed 19,258 cwts. of large cod and only 1383 ewts. of small. The
proportion of small to large was in the case of the trawlers nearly equal ;
ay in the case of line fishermen it was about 1 to 14 ; the proportion of small
. to large haddocks and whitings landed by beam-trawlers was also much
greater than with the line fishermen. The line fishermen landed nearly _
two small haddocks and whitings for every large one, while the trawlers _
landed small and large in nearly equal proportions.
In the Leith district beam-trawlers landed 8012 ewts. of large cod and
829 ewts. of small cod; line fishermen landed 32,717 ecwts. of large cod _
and 3967 of small. The proportions of small to large are, for the trawlers —
about 1 to 10, and for the fishermen about 1 to 8. In the Leith — d
~~
ee eee eke Bee")
“Se tace
o> *
fl,
a i.
— es 9? 2 +
>
|
J
:
be | »
: ne.’
as,
, ,] AR
\ wr) .
et wae |
Pa hw)
on ne 4
eee Ua ae a Me ATT ORAL Me RN PTY Mane Te 4
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. — St
therefore, line fishermen landed a slightly larger proportion of small cod
than did beam-trawlers. In the case of the haddock and whiting the
Table shows that line fishermen landed a total of 22,998 cwts. of large
haddocks, 2061 cwts. of large whitings, and 12,173 cwts. of small haddocks
and small whitings. The beam-trawlers landed 22,315 cwts. of large
haddocks, 1700 ewts. of large whitings, and 14,397 cwts. of «mall haddocks
and small whitings. The proportions are, therefore, about 1 small fish to
2 large ones in the case of the line fishermen, and about 2 small ones to 3
large ones in the case of the trawlers. Of 862 cwts. of turbot landed by
trawlers, 774 cwts. are described as large, and 88 ewts. as small,—a propor-
tion of nearly 9 large fish to 1 small. The line fishermen landed
1461 ewts. of turbot, of which 1304 cwts. are described as large and 16
cwts. as small—a proportion of about 8 large fish to 1 small one ; of
halibut the trawlers landed 24? cwts., of which 223 were Srp and 2 cwts.
small,— a proportion of 11 to 1. The line fishermen landed 8864 cwts. of
halibut, 7994 cwts. being large and 87 cwts. small, or a proportion of
about 9 large to 1 small one. Most of the flat-fish are combined in
these statistics ; of lemon sole, flounder, plaice, and brill, trawlers landed
6962 cwts. and fishermen 2929 cwts. Of those landed by trawlers 6171
were large and 791 cwts. small. The fishermen landed 2338 cwts, of
large and 591 cwts. of small ; the proportions of large to small are, there-
fore, about 1 small to nearly 8 large in the case of the trawlers, and with
the fishermen about 1 small to 4 large.
It would therefore appear, so far as these statistics go, that propor-
tionally much larger quantities of small round-fish are landed by trawlers
than by line fishermen ; while the latter land a somewhat larger propor-
tional quantity of small flat-fish. It must be borne in mind, however,
that these statistics are to a large extent arbitrary. No measurements of
the fish are made ; and as large and small fish are not always separated
from one another for sale, the figures given can at the best be regarded
only as approximate. The subject of the capture of immature fish by
trawlers and line fishermen is discussed fully in a special report.
IV. SUMMARY.
The results of the trawling experiments of the ‘Garland,’ and of the
analysis of the statistics obtained for comparison therewith, are detailed
in the foregoing pages.
The year 1887, following the closure of the Firth of Forth and St
_ Andrews Bay, appears to have been of an exceptional character, both in
regard to in-shore and off-shore grounds. Considering the extent of coast
along which these experiments are carried on, and from which the
statistics are derived, and the natural great fluctuations which everywhere
occur in fisheries from year to year, it is evident, as Professor Huxley
|. has observed, that it will be necessary to carry on the inquiry for many
years. During 1889 the trawling experiments showed that there was a
general diminution of fish both in the closed and open areas. This
decrease was chiefly in round fish; to a less extent in flat fish, There
was a general decrease in the open waters of the Firth of Forth, but to
a less extent than in the closed area, and it was there limited to -round
fish—plaice and most other flat fish having slightly increased in numbers.
In the closed waters of the Firth of Forth plaice, flounders, and long rough
| dabs increased, while there was a decrease in lemon soles and common
_ dabs. The decrease in round fish was chiefly noticeable among haddocks
and whitings. In St Andrews Bay there was a decrease also in both the
a
2
yon
vt
4 ro
" nd ‘as
EO RE AS oF Bee ¥ :
CR TY etme a edet Ni R ;
vee ofS Re Aa A: BRR Poe Ra de oe a
FS eee et ees
atu
3 = & - =a » a
we Se ea > ¥ A —
POE IRA BIS Om
é
oa
ra
aeirise
. c '¥~
eat Se a
eg Te
32 Part III.—Kighth Annual Report
closed and open areas, chiefly due to a diminution in the numbers of
round fish. In both the closed and open areas there was an increase in
plaice and flounders.
The statistics show that in 1889 there was a general increase of the fish
captured by fishermen in the territorial waters. Those regarding the
capture of flac fish in the Leith and Anstruther districts show more
favourably, as compared with the statistics of 1888, than in the case of
_ the districts further north. In 1889 the line fishermen along the East “a
Coast landed a larger quantity of fish than in 1888. They landed a
?
a
§
7
ag
larger quantity of round fish, and a smaller quantity of flat fish than in a
1888; while beam trawlers landed less flat fish and round fish. In the
southern groip of districts, however, the amount of flat fish landed by —
fishermen in 1889 was greater than in 1888.
It is a remarkable circumstance that, although there has been a general
diminution of fish in the closed and open areas, plaice should have in- |
creased in both the closed and open waters of the Firth of Forth and St
Andrews Bay. In the special report on the distribution of immature fish -
(p. 157) it is very clearly brought out that the distribution of young
plaice is peculiar, inasmuch as they are practically confined to the ter-
ritorial waters. The supposition, therefore, appears to be justified that the — r
protection of the immature plaice in the territorial waters during the past
few years has been followed by a general increase in the numbers of that
fish both on the in-shore and off-shore grounds. The inquiries carried on
on board the ‘ Garland’ into the food, spawning, and migration of the food
fishes, and into the distribution of immature flat fish and round fish,
bear very closely upon the trawling experiments. They have shown that
the territorial waters do not to any extent serve as spawning grounds, but
as nurseries for young plaice, whiting, cod, and other food fishes. In
September last year a vast shoal of small immature whitings was present
in the Firth of Forth, their numbers being calculated to be above
230, ae 000.
T. WEMYSS FULTON,
Secretary for Scientific Investigations.
, ’
ony
‘
kw
_
¥ A
‘ ug sy
PAT a st i
» ) bP ed Se a yy 4 hs
a ih ae
Ripe ye Oe ential ir
See ee
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 33
TABLE A.—SnHowine Summary oF FISH TAKEN BY THE ‘GARLAND’ ON
THe East Coast in 1889.
Note.—t. means turbot, 7. means ling.
Flat-Fish. Round-Fish.
Station and 3 g 3 fe 2 :
Date. cabie 2 eal a| 8 3 = g Other Fish. |Total.
come econ ne g vi jeode) |} 2 4 3 rg 5 5 i
a@i/g/f/8sls8isi/si8 |S! 3 A 5 3
| A lA}E)/OA RR ela] & a ae Ce
FIRTH OF
ForTtTH—
Station I.
sans, 105 ¢7-lt -< 6]. Di) Qa ps 1 33 | 29 1 23 f 53 8 94
Feb. 12, . 4 6 4)25 |. 2 41 | 46 4 20 - 70 10 120
Mar. 11, 6} 14 42 | 23 1 86 | 85 1 2 - 88 5 179
| | April 11, 37 | 50 10 Grlei. 5 108 | 29 4 7 40 S) 157
RAYE Doi nen 2D. hi VS 28 | 24 3 aul 93 | 19 4 6 5 34 3 130
June 4; 69 | 35 88 | 27 1 170 | 10 24 3 dl 88 3 261
July 30, Adel) Soc fics 17 | 43 3 135 | 21 2 47 12 82 7 224
Aug. 31, 82°] 36 | . 8 | 54] , | 14 194 | 24 af 7 7 106 13 313
Ochi4, «| bb) 3 F, nO" |) eID FS ae 2, Ga g 1 1 6 17 F 94
Nov. 9, 22ers 3/50] . 9 85 | 47 2 36 : 85 9 179
813 |215 164 |288 Ag 389 | 1022 {319 44 219 81 663 67 | 1752
ey | ee ee | Sere ee ee Cs ye ee | EE) a OE cee CEE
Station IT.
oan, Lee Ff ; BN Dios s 16}; 8 26 5 39 55
Hebe ll, —..}- 1d}. : E 1 e 124 | 2 - A 3} 3 15
Mar. 8, . | 28 ORs 14 2 - dials. . J - 2, 49
April li, .| 82} 4]. a ES 98) Pa Th I 65] 5 1 3 1 10 1 76
Fal |e fa ah ; SUP hs ° 220 p we 3 6 13 33 2 57
slegor 25r|s. 50 | 20 1 192 1 12 1 27 41 2 235
Ss EZON BF GE el) ee 228 4 20 21 9 54 s 2 284
. {127 | 35 GE eed 250 | 16 8 13 16 53 o 2 305
Ss 27 138 | 49 3 348 2 1 4 45 52 . 400
3 3 iL ipa 8 | 28 13 53 8 6 11 1 26 is 79
565 |117 372 |155 6 | 18 | 1233 } 56 79 64 112 311 11 | 1555
“ Sealine = Gules * 4 28 75 7 91
els be : ; Pia e | vs a1 6 Z 6 é 12 1 15
i 7 1S 1s |" 3 49} 4 4 : 8 4 61
aN 26 16 | 16 1 il 64} 15 1 15 : 31 5 100
24 | 62) . Ay Wart We | os 46 3 10 1 60 11) 273
awe, GH 2 |) SST Lil SsTet a2 3 19 68 | 122 8] 467
ae Woe ny ys a ; 65 | 13 . 80 6 99 1{/ 165
Aug. 30, . | 69 | 53] . 43 }47| , 4] 216 | 22 ‘ 41 6 69 3] 288
ct. fl BOR docl 53 | 35 7!" oR ss 2 33 15 | 103 Fist?
bl ee i : Bp ee 3 el aks} 5 34 : 42 3 49
S$ | —_ | — | — | — | —_ |__| _—_— a
866 |292 | . | 213 |170| 7 | 20 | 1068 |24 17 | 266 96 | 621 32 | 1721
q
»
‘i
| Station IV.
- |100] . . ae Ob Wt ; 112 | 13 - 4 ° 17 ¢ «12, -¥41
. 1383 Sel pl aes : * 407 | 31 3 ° 31 4] 442
o 1206 | 6 e Di os é 241 1 : : 3 1 7 249
« |209 | _. ‘ Dales 2 Li 228 4 : ; : 5 | 226
. | 33 NY ip ; SF Lis. 1 2 5| 40 |
« (182 | 20.) . 72 Ey LL Zor 2 F e 34 36 12] 338
« (208 | 12.1; 126 - |10} 353] 4 : 5 36 45 387 | 435
HSER Mole MOB a) eet. 829 | 2 . 4 35 41 29 | 399
«; (L854) Ly. 44 5 Fi 180} 2 1 ° 3 183
. (280); 1]. 86°), 3 | iat. 273 | 2 2 4 277
. |1928) 44) . 423 | 14] 8 | 22 | 2489 | 58 ; 17 | 105] 180 111 | 2730
34 Part IfI.—Eighth Annual Report
TABLE A.—SHowine SUMMARY OF FISH TAKEN BY THE ‘GARLAND’ ON THE EAST
Coast IN 1889—continued. —
Flat-Fish. Round-Fish.
Station and ae ‘
Date. 3 a|s - 5 “ tb : Other Fish. | Total.
2 | 6h4 |] Ge ltwol ale «a a} 3
S/B/2/82 lgsi8ls|2il3|31218 | 8
*lRlIE loa feielal| se |S| a | Ee] So 1 ea
FIRTH OF
FORTH—con-
tinued.
Station V.
Jan. 9, > d 2 1 1 21} 3 36 e 39 F
Feb. 11, 7 7 3 | 25 ; 35 | 5 22 16 43 .
Mar. 8, 21:2) 38 13 | 23 43} 1 9 Z 17 2
April 12, 5.1) 29 | Ae a my 5 1 29 | 7 35 12 1 55 1
May 3, 8| 3 La) 601. a 74 | 5 23 13 18 59 4
June 7, 9 | 29 29°) 3 1); 2 jo al ee 1 alt 12 2
Aug. 3, 15 | 19 14|62| 3] 8] 116] 9| 198] 51] 84] 287] Gn.1t)3
Aug. 29, 19 | 19 2 | 32 2 74] 6 30 16 15 65 | (in. 1t.) 4
Oct. 2, 25) 5 7 | 33 1 3 74 | 19 67 47 2) 135
Novy. 7, 1 6 10 | 34 3 54 | 14 73 39 126 | (in. 1t.)1
83 | 88 | 18 81 |296 | 10 | 16 592 | 69 | 488 |) 202 79 | 838
CS ee ee ee a ee ee ee ee a ee eee
Station VI.
«Oe ee Be : ° 1 ; 8 | 10 - 3 20
Feb. 11, \...)-58.)-.24.. ‘ 55 | 7 : 7
Mar. 8, 37 | 4]. 8 49 | l . : 1} (in. 1t.) 4
April 12, 5301 Pay dl Se 5 |. . 42 | 6 1
May 3, em ee 7 + ie he : 6| 76| (in. 2t) 8
June 7, ey NS 9|56| 4 97 | 4 15 2 14 35
Aug. 3, 28 | 24 37 | 10 99 | 2 19 38 65 | 123
Aug. 29, 90 | 46 34 2 if 173 2 8 5 36 51 (in. 2
Oct. 1, 34 | 11 20 | 20 s 1 STE 29 43 24} 103
Nov. 7, 64| 8 14| 7 93 | 6 3 Bie. 14
376 |126] . 1384 | 96 | 5 | 2] 789 | 44 81 97 | 145] 367 23
Sa ee SSE ee ee ee ee Os ee ee Se
Station VII.
Jan, 8, »|) <- i) ie ie af 2 16) 4 28 6 ; 38
Feb. 6, . 2 2 oe 1 a le 6 17| 4 : 3 7
March 8, 12 | 2 . ye So a 41 | 29 9 5 ‘ 43 | (in.
April 12, et | O41 23 1 i Agate FT 5} AB 25| (in
May 7, 19] 3]. 041 97.) Tet 58 | 1) $3 8 | 144] 186
June 6, 32;18) . 47) | D4 |. iy. 1 ZS sis 5 4 53 62
Aug. 2, 25 | .9.} on #. £69. | 29 3| 298] 1 1 6] 41] 49
Aug. 28, 1 ‘ ‘ 3 , eee ; ats 4 4
Oct. 3, Be he 37 | 50} 4] 3] 1387] 4 42 25 3 74
Nov. 7, 1 2) 8 4 BL. 32 ft 16 s 22
136 | 36 800 |152 | 29 | 17 670 | 52 | 127 90 | 241) 510
—S SS Soe ee es ee SS Oe ee, EP eee
Station VIII.
Jan. 8, ° ~ , 12/10] . 22: 2 26 9 37 1
Feb. 6 1) 28 2 aa 2 22 |.8 67 9 84 3
March 4, , . 1 0 eh es 1 18 6 43 19 ° 68 1
April 18, 0 ee 17 }334-7) B 47 | l 31 10 48 90 e
May 7, 5| 4] 9 BT a boi 2 Pent 14 4} 56| 74 2
June 6, 2:1 Zilae 38/20] 5] 38 35 | 1 18 8 42 69 .
July 26, 1 ae! 212+) By. 2 25 9 17 19 45
Aug. 27, 25 | 11 66 | 63} 4]. 3| 172] 2 64 74 19} 159
Oct. 2, 2| 2 8 | 21 3] 4 40 | 3 18 16 2 39
Nov. 6, 2H aa IY 6|.14] . ai 32 | 4 29 41 1 71
43 | 25 | 15 128 |183 | 27 | 25 | 446 | 27] 3815] 207 187 736
— SS oe EE oe ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee OE
Station IX :
Jan. 8, tb 12 | 12 3 28h ¢« 10 4 ° 14
Feb. 6, 2 6 | 13 4 25 | 12 47 10 69 | (in. 11) 3
March 4, Bi Fee 6] 5 “ 17 | 3 80 27 : i Hh
April 18, 1 ee lee 3 9) |. 20|} 4 3 2 3 12
May 7, a) ib ded 15 |) 6.1) a. Stale. 8 2 38 48
June 6, Zile. 18|;10/ 4] 3 99H). 1 13 12 16 42
July 26, . 4 10|25| 5] . 44} 2 29 18 18 67
Aug. 77,..) 3) £1. 27 | 44 2 78 | 2 79 68 41 | 190 2
Oct. 2 21 J | 24} 2; 1 49 | 6 7 25 8 Nh
Nov. 6, 1| 6 4 | 12 . |. 98.640] 42) 9] 0a) 2474 Gee
bn
qq
11 | 102 |160 | 14] 15| 360
cs
oO
nO
fe 2)
ios)
_
i=}
LS)
_
_
~
[=r]
()
ae
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 35
zy
TABLE A, —SuHowine SUMMARY OF FISH. TAKEN BY THE ‘GARLAND’ ON THE EAST
CoAST IN 1889—continued.
Flat-Fish. Round-Fish.
| | Station and
| Date. a Cai B oh | Other Fish. | Total.
At o| a = q — 3 A S =
Bi S| 2S |e] & Sie jie eel a | Ss
4) e1da em et} ) 4 = O &
| Ss ation I.
SS ee ee ee ‘ od ae | Fish. |. : : ;
March 19,.| 83] . |. 92| . | 12 + 1s]. ; : 3 f ach ate
‘April 18, *. i ee Sit hep 49 |, bah 19| 19 (t.) 1] 69
| June 14, . |112 146 | 2 263 | . ; : 94| 94 . | 887
‘Aug. 16, . [380] . | . | 203] 1] 2 592 | . } SP 58 to 6 21 655
. : 17 : 90] . : : 3 3 ‘ 93
i ; 97 | 1 WE he: : 3 15| 15 . | 192
424 | 4|16]12| 1289] . ; 31 189] 192 3 | 1484
1 Tt 12
: ; ; : 80
3 5 8 eat
4| 82] 89 (t.) 2) 321
Z 15.| 18 5.1, 738
; 17| 07 (t.) 2] 219
4 et : 89
12} 124| 149| 9 | 1573
m7... : Pate tothe 8 AS ele UE 5 : 15
139] . he eee ef Uepe Fil. ; ; 1 (brill) 1 | 159
. {264 ) . BOS een a 2 lt ati leis 5 é 3 3 c 282
ae ‘ OY fal tears ca eo al ane * ‘ 6 6 4] 334
. (882 | . . 43 =|, doa) 2 6) |. -420 08. oie é 79 79 8] 502
eee Gels ‘ Eaters ° 2 21) 5 1 16 ‘ 22 8 51
. (566 | . . Son wen | Loa aon ll = . 3 3 - 590
1585]. | . | 106] . | 83|14|izes| 9/ 3] 16} o1| 119 | 16 | 1923
SS GEO cee Ce | ey ee eee eee ae | ee Ce |
a oe 5] 1 — ‘ 2 (t.) 1 8
26s pal es 46 1 - 1 2 1 49
IF 4/6) 2 34]. 4 1 30 35 ' 69
° ae Wee | s 2| 218 i I} 12} 120 1 339
° 260 | 12) . 3} 421 : : 25 25 i 446
° 180 | 3 2| 251 © .4.2 1 10 13 2] 266
RP a Ly 2/4 98 Bi) oath p< 12 . | 105
° 637 | 25} 15 | 8 | 1068; 1 15 14; 179} 209 5 | 1282
= ee ee ee) es ee ee ee ee ee, ee |) ees re | ee
. SB 6s) Oy 182 le 2 2 48 52 | (in, 56. . 10} 194
é 183 | 2 a ee 2 i 2 4 3 9 (t.) 1 | 239
. | 241 | 8 6 | 361 | . 4| 6| 51| 69 11| 488
-
pe aaa S........QN—
36 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
TABLE A.—SHow1nc SUMMARY OF FISH TAKEN BY THE ‘GARLAND’ ON THE EAST %
CoAsT IN 1889—continued.
Flat-Fish
o 4
Station and oh he . ; R
Date. | [#13] 8 | al & 41a|¢ Other Fish. | Total
2/8/82 | 28 ee] & slels|s
Sle | Elo je & ss o | a
MONTROSE—
continued.
Station IT.
June 19, ./| 33] . a TOD Al ee 11 i 91] 103 } 3
Sept. 18, .| 76] . s 299 il): . q 7 16 23 | (in, 1t.) 3
109 |™. ‘ 232 | 38 11 8] 107 | 126 *3
ABERDEEN—
Station I.
June 22, .| 24} . . 16 «lier
Sept. 21, . | 42
Station IT.
June21, .| 4]. . Ye ae
Sept. 21, .| 18] . 64 | 14
17 66 | 14
Station IIT.
June 21, .| 46] . 2 re mee 2 Ae
Sept. 24, .| 74] . : 85 |} 8} 11 69 80 23
120]. | 2/ usla7/i| 2] 265| 1| 79| 95] 58
Station IV.
June 21,°. | 27 | 4 4 35 | 1 .
Sept. 24, TO | a : 54) . | 72
ir ts 89 Le
r
Station V.
gune 21; .) 47=| . ; 213 | . 2 1 ‘ 58 59 (t.) 4
Sot. 8 | 68 ea eS (in. 5 t.) 8
102 358 | . 7
Station VI.
June 20, ./25].]. OB dea Bet
Sept. 20, . 1 x ‘ 67 0 | «
BO te 73 6:| 3
Station VII.
sune 20, . | 27.) 1 ps ld
Sept. 9, .. | 61
June 26, . | 36] . ‘ 14].
Station IT.
June 26, ./56/) . |. SB i. |
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 37
TABLE A.—SHowine SuMMARY OF FISH TAKEN BY THE ‘GARLAND’ ON THE EAST
CoasT IN 1889—continued.
Flat- Fish. Round-Fish.
‘ oO *
Station and o| 2 .
Date 2) AS 8 aC 58 = ap J Other Fish. | Total.
SS CE: lola | | a. soe |
alis8i/8/i8eleas|2is| &S [3s i] =| 3
Siol#i6es |S§o|/8|38 5 S = = =}
Shey eS Tomas fa Se Tors fe i Ss
tinued.
| Station III.
iW
|July1, , 10}. Seo, MA eR ae, 1 2} 159
-
| Station IV.
|
| June 27, . | 35 Phat aL. ill £ . 6Trlli = 17 e 40 124
| Station V.
| June 27, .|/13| 3] . Sap SP PER 49}, . 23 EV 79
|
ee
| Station Wag
Meme 7, .| 6) 2} .| I) |} .].] as}.] . : 28
hy 282;16/] . 6? ee A 4 436 5 61 al 125 6 634
| Orxyey
| Istanps—
Station I.
meguly 6, .| 5/10]. |) 47) 1] .1) 3] 66] 18 i 12 1| 95
Sel
SSE 6 el Me a es a it foih
£ Station Il.
Jt y 17, . 6 ° . 5 ° e 1 12 1 1 e e 15
TS a ey 7 Sees ala 2| 47
eiiaa) i] @a) ri. | 4iiolm| wi| . 16 4| 165
38 | Part ITI.—FEighth Annual Report
TABLE B.—ANALYSIS oF tHE ‘GARLAND’S’ STATISTICS
RELATING To THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE or FISH.
A. SHowrne THe AvEeRAGE Per ‘SHOT’ OF EACH KIND OF FISH TAKEN.
Flat-Fish. Round-Fish. ‘
® 4 4
| La |
Station. S58 K od | tp ; B | $
Seg |/e@ lee] atl e | Sts s | 218 iat oa
a (es/S/sS/PP Sills sis |B) als] 2
Cm|#2 |os|o Oo] 3 5 5
BAPE |SAlae|2 |?) 5 c = ae iat
I. Firth of Forth, 1889.
Closed Area.
I 81°3 | 21°5| - | 16°4] 28°8/0°3 | 3:9710 4°4 | 21°9 6°3
II 56°5| 11°7 | -- |.3872115°5 | 06] 182 7°9| 6:4 14
III 36°6 | 29°2| -— | 21°31 17°0| 0°7 | 2°0710 1‘7 | 26°6 oA
IV 192°8| 4:4) = | 4213] 141053) 22p4 -- ja 8:0
V 83| 88) 18) 81) 29°6| tO) 1615 48°8 | 20:2 3°8
VI 3/6 |12°6) -— | 184] 9°61 0°5 | 0-2] 7 81} 97 6°7
VII 138%6| 3:6) -— | 80:0) 15°2/2°9) 1716 12'7 | 9°0 1:0
Average per shot 53°8 | 13°1 | 0°2| 24:1] 16°7 | 0°9 | 1°97110°9 12:0 | 11:9 | 18°6 12.2 49:
of 70 shots.
eR ane
Unclosed Area, col
VIII. 4:3) 2°5| 15) 12°8| 18:3 | 2°7 | 2:59 44:6] 2:7 | 31°5 | 20°7 | 18°7 | 73:6] 3:1} 1213
IX. 3°1| 2°7| 11) 10:2} 16-0) 1:4 | 1:5] 86:0] 4:0 | 28°8 | 19:2 | 11:7 | 63:7] 2°9 | 10260)
Average per shot] 3°7| 2°6/| 1:3] 115] 17:1) 2:0 | 2 0 40° 3 -8°3 | 30°1 | 19°9 | 15:2] 68°69 3:0 111-9
of 20 shots.
II. St Andrews Bay, 1889
Closed Area.
I. 1188; O11} - | 605] 0°5| 22) 1771841] - | - 0:4] 2 0°4 | 212
I, 120°4) 0°5).-— | 7781707 | 24 1021) | — a) Pe, tea a 1:2 | 224
IT. 79°0| O71) — | 808). 0°4) 3:0) 1211477107 1) Gilden : 0°7 | 126
TY. 226-4; -— | — | 151) - |11°8| 2:09255:471:2|) 0:4) 2:2) 13° 2:2 | 274
Average per shot/136"1 | 0°2| — | 461) 0°2} 46} 1°6}189-1 0-5 06) 1:3) 16°77 192} 114208
of 28 shots.
Unclosed Area.
V.
Average of7 shots. 541) 05] - | 91:0} 38°5 | 271) 1191525] 01) 2:1) 2°0 | 25°5 0°7 | 183°1
—- | - ——
III. Montrose, June and September 1889.
Average of 4 | 537) - | - |1182) 2:7! - | 17/1765] - | 87| 35/3954 46-7] 3:5) 2267
moe ee oe
IV. Aberdeen, June and September 1889. .
Average of 14 | a bah set daleag he Bis a geil bates a be 5 71
shots.
yt i
A.
oF
|
|
|
|
|
|
VI. Moray Firth, June 1889.
Average of 6 | 47°0| 26 | - | 22:3) - — |0°6) 72°61 0°8| 10°1{ 01 | 20°8432:0] 1:0 105%
ae Vd
V. Orkney Islands, July 1889. a
Average of 4] 60| 65| - {16-2 0-2) - |10]30:0] 35) 2:7) - | 4:0)10-2] 1:04 41°
gee ot ee Pee nei
Sepa nnsaeelf ga ea ti 2 Siete S teen ae A EY
IR
ER ete
SS
39
a S19 HOON HAD ISSO WS SS19O IDImIDD1‘]HW 9 A OAR R019
Ss HCO CD COM OD DOH MORO mRHAR1OO HONAMIONOS MOCO HOS
mMODOHHOHON 1D DOORAKROWOSD HO1wO aN O HH CO SHON
H AAA HNANANS a ri OO. HHO HoIN
eS EP EL EE OL TS 2S Se ee EEE EE —————————
= “UStT 12TI0 20.18 E~ GOH GIO L141 GO SPP P1919. 9191919 PAM | tet ay
A : S OANHOADTR RAS MOOnMHOnRNG SOnN6
i TAI ID S M9 1919 1 1D19 SD S O19191919 D OnAnwon Nees aa
H TOL | SANAZSSSSS SESLSSHLLA HEB B18 & et ehe=
> = ya ey ae!
wa} ; AMmOSnAAM na) 19 OOD HONDON
= a preump | ii lS omaaAomsS ll lipnaoonwn | |! oeonaone 1 Ora
fe, re AoA 4 AHN co 1a 6D 4
° se) ‘s DOHOAAA SH HI sH ID1D SOS S19 S199 CQ ROMDIo eae adr
g “oul HAOnNrotoaos WAMOMONHON on gee aoe ae at Lom
ns as A BILAN | L2AOS pe eoanrsgn | o'onowaN
s g 2 19S AS HHI GS SOWSSOSIONIGID on na ee Ores
— : “yooppe HHMOGAwWAMORAN OO hah 16 HAO ae «ee ee i l
s Rs; cated co ir Pig OddaAatNdr Cees ee
S ai @ : ° a ee ee ee ae ee be ee
a) pO é F NADPH SONS H SOo28 SSS = ™9 a a
< é — juve) Ss IQHrAGKrSOANA OVA AAAS am ers et Lt sete
< S SAM OOS O AON S1D91919 S S19. 91019 % 19 > D191919 © 19 HOO 4 190
mS = "TRIO, Ry SHAROHMHRON 19 69 +6919 De 1 HS = SO 6910 69 69 HI Song
go 4 GD CO 00 (© COPE 0O AN 60 00 COLON SH Ss) rt O HG 6D SH OD
= 4p > aoe a Ss BAANHRN
S ca itis <= 1D AIS HH SHIN ONS 19 9191919 9.19.19 1019 S I~SONAMVION| | pA |
a) Z = PEAS s SCHOnONNAAH ADOMOMOHNG xq CHAN MHO
>> = i 00 CO COOH HAN ; 12 OO 3 19 O W1910 &
= a “lopuno],q Ry ll oat ss Ques (2 ee See R exp the wart Ce 65 pas pa aes
= bh 2 ANHHOOOSO HOMHAN S
4 _ ° ci
"3 He - Spee ee MOND ANP9 OD Seooscooeso MOMeTN | N | wore
SWHHONNAH10 TFNERAMIADOOMONG 4 £B6Bac6c re
Ry > i 2 Suory Se MANA aed manodr ee ee
2 = x ‘sqeq PANDAS HH SOwWSO M9199 ee ae — MDOANSSH
RE ree BP EY eee eateries = C500 ke ae hE | RCN ecient eaceniesieaiie SOOO MRH10 00
S = = | uowmog fs ISeSS Sie seea 3 FSI85 ar
Ss ica) iar
S *,
> Pa TRE! Dae ls 1 olay am iar as os nd ae ie eee bi, ALD Teele
S “a[09 HmOSAEE OSH | 2191919 S19 O19 / | AANM , Hy jane,
cO Ral ae ie
: woulery es eves eae AOmHOoON hr 10d ooo oo
O° LOO 1 ARs IDID 1H OD OS O10 29 SiO oS SUS PHD MN
tee MN og nS came RSL ERE Te I AO Oe ee Ok Rea ee 00 tO HR-0010 09 rears Oo HO r
aa} ddIBIq HHOMOHnMDAOON SCOHnMMHnNAHRHRH Dai tisO ri eg
NM ro SO SH SH I 00 60 00 BH i A Ia
Pe r —
(aa) . a me © e ney a we oes »
5 eS Dae 2 Tp 9 D Ge! Onn : on ne ‘rm O @
3 | gf SGSReeaEsS SF seen esT ERS $f SEZEPESES 88 gERE ESS
las Ba SHA GaDK SOG 23 Shades 50m =a BSagh BOG Sq Had 504
id <q =| <q a) < 5 <q
40 Part I1I.—Eighth Annual Report
LIST OF COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES (DAY) OF
FISH MENTIONED IN THE RETURNS. ~
Angler, Lophius piscatorius.
Bib, Gadus luscus.
Brassie, Gadus luscus.
Brill, Rhombus levis.
Butter-fish, | Centronotus gunnellus.
Cat-fish, Anarrhichas lupus.
Coal-fish, Gadus virens.
Cod, Gadus morrhua.
Dab, common, Pleuronectes limanda.
;, lemon, 53 microcephalus.
», long rough, Hippoglossoides limandoides.
Dragonet, Callionymus lyra.
Eel, greater sand, Ammodytes lanceolatus.
Father-lasher, Cottus scorptus.
Fishing-frog, Lophius piscatorius.
Five-bearded |
rockling, Motella mustela. 1
Flounder, Pleuronectes flesus.
rr long, Pleuronectes cynoglossus.
Fluke, little |
black hairy, Zeugopteris punctatus.
Fluke, sail, Arnoglossus megastoma. .
» + Band, Pleuronectes microcephalus. :
Gurnard, common, 77rgla gurnardus. |
¥ red, » cuculus. |
Haddock, Gadus ceglefinus. .
Hake, Merluccius vulgaris. ;
Herring, Clupea harengus.
Horse-mackerel, Caranx trachurus.
John Dory, Zeus faber.
Ling, —— Molva vulgaris.
Lump-sucker, Cyclopterus lumpus.
gy ,, dimin- |
utive, . .Liparis montagui.
Lythe, Gadus pollachius. | .
Mackerel, Scomber scomber.
Monk-fish, Lophius piscatorvus.
Plaice, Pleuronectes platessa.
Pogge, Agonus cataphractus.
Ray, sandy, Raia circularis.
5» Shagreen, »» fullonica.
», spotted, » maculata.
5b cy BURLEY » radiata.
», thornback, », clavata.
Saithe, Gadus virens.
Sand-eel, greater, Ammodytes lanceolatus.
Skate, flapper, Raia macrorhynchus.
» Stay, » bates.
Sole, Solea vulgaris.
” black, ” ”
» little, », lutea.
»» witch, Pleuronectes cynoglossus.
Sprat, Clupea sprattus.
Turbot, Rhombus maximus.
Whiting, Gadus merlangus.
Wolf-fish, Anarrhichas lupus.
‘yuepunqe AToA="e'A S yuepunqe="e f uotUI0O= "woo fyuenbeyy="ay { Moy="y { omvI= ‘x { Sunok=<anf { poyrueprun sewods="ds 4
"YYSUIT JO JOU pue ‘PTA Jo JWOULEINsvoU B SI SALI PUL So}VYS JO JUOWeINsvoUl OUT, y
_
—sH poe “ds ‘snb
2 he SE Tee ee “ Sao Bi toed
PUM-—Gstuy 1V ee SE | fT |r | tT |* * ‘SSammam | fs ‘nango — opsemayy
‘09-66 pee aor | ee ee a | -wamg | Sui00 Sagnbngy | Wye
‘req $qqo samoy % "6z SS eee é. ; et a
q - qq 1 T&S 06 T 1G T 66 T Pop | ‘*w09 “wyosms mesnoyd | TT
5 PS *SULOY}eF pH y OL G II g # -oalog —~ *you-Mo}og LEP | 9-F |0-ZP°M
3 Aouoredswedy AI IL eI 6 6L T : * — ‘syooppe yy "poyoryye sngphjog ©
-qyoouls ves -ouy = ahs in L g bs z YIM [ ‘espy jo sooord “ud QL'Z 04
4 ‘xeapo — Ayoyeropout 8 P 6 F ZL | LT | * ‘sqep y8noa Suoryq | oumtos . fay ‘sprsnpey | “yyeT ‘urd 9¢°ZT
i ae ge S000} — rae $g Lael S 6 T | 2 ‘sq’p uourmop | ‘3 —“wnan7go §—opsvmay? | ST Arenue ¢ 4301
aS urdu! “e : ; : ' , he erie “DID — *“Jou-9doVJING 0-E) | 9-Gh | 0-66 “H | II NOIvag
~S :
S ae te EG a
Se x ib I 9 S 8 g Ei
& su10yye} g ‘Aouored 6 G a et Pee. fe
sh | cee eeesOr gM A re eG a i 1 |< |: > ‘Sone ‘} ‘spodosy
rs pura —ysiuy av tae eee vee vee 9 IT 73 635 “2YyoSDL misnoyd
= ; 99-66 6 I Ol | 7 Tt | 8 “| -oadog +} ‘squagdowo,y, 33
Ss ‘aeq $"qqe nog er | or | %et te ST 4 he “ | ‘spisnpey Sy ‘snoayo
| 9, Seater <a
> Ser ceonpteticirid bet “_ el 2 er : ee eS aie 9-€) | 08h | 0-1? @
S ‘qjoous vos foeuyg Sy OL | $6 Ny STT Z * ‘sqep y8nor Bu0'TT | -vnwu snunpng ‘(nun *"m00U ZI
"3 qnq Azey fg e010} is ess ae if ! I ‘ — sqep uomm0g | -og ‘addepfp) spisnpeyq | “yey 0} ‘Ue QT
SS | ANA PUM C7 om eS Co a Rm IIR RC a Be Arenuve TOT
3 luulseq = V TG T x Aer K1IByg | -vi0 qT — “you-eovZMg 0-€h | 0-Zh |0-88 ‘AA!) ‘I NolLvag
~S . * e
SS Jeqon parry, [S°UET] “ON [seupuy] “ON |seqouy] “on me ae eens “mMOp
* oh e SS ee
pa een pum | COR Mme | {oD gor Lr ot | Sao map | led neeatiaea: | ome tae an
971 0}-10AUT "YSI JO ozIg puy roquinyy ; —_—_—__—1_——| ‘‘nonsyg
: ‘oInyerodwe J,
‘qynos “*g pue f yysou **NT S4som “*AA £ WOTYLIS Jo PUD 4SVO STVOTH JINJVIEAUIO} SUI}VOIPUL SoIMSY oy} o10Joq "|
‘HLUOY 40 HLYTY J—'6SSl ONTYAd ,dNVTYVH , AHL CUVOG NO AGVW SNOILVAUASIO AO aNONAyY—'O HIDViL
Part III —Eighth Annual Report
42
"SULOT} RF
§1 Aouoredsuvs}
g eor0y “NN AQ "MA
PUrM—ysuy iV
‘TG-0§ “req
S10JVM YSIY v9 Opty
{suroyyey #T ‘107m JO
Aousredsuvsy { 07v1
-apout vos ‘fApnoyo
‘1 9010y “AQ PUL
——Suyuuiseq = dV
*suIOY}R}
ral ‘Kouorvdsuvt}
*@ eol0y fq's's
pulmM—ystagy 3V
i “16: g6
"req § pooy noy $f
qnoge opty ‘suoyyey
Z ‘doyva jo Aouored
-suvi} £qjoouls vos
‘ouy ‘Azey fZ o0.L0y
a, Aq ‘a'S PUM
——Suruuseq = 4V
*SUOIPVAIOSG GC 1040
pue “royyeo My “PULA
‘PON [MBIT
ut du yysno1iq
“or ‘vuneiy
OPeIQoPOAUT *
soyouy
if I OT
S or | ¢ €I
a i
sd RI wa Alive 5
Z Yor am
Z| $6 I | $01
oO Ee al
19 | St | 06 | 8I
9 or | ¢ Il
S ai 6.) BL
I 1 | T 8T
(4 an a gI
I 06 | & 62
1 *s } t S
if ZI | & LT
stom |
~: H
2 |s |1 |
o- eee . §Z1
MARCH ANANN
rr re
rei
ON OnA AR RMoOMMN
‘ON |soyouy] ‘oN |seqouy] ‘oN
"YS JO oz1g pur toquinyy
“SUIT AA
. . . ¢
pop
* ‘Sule
. . “ cc
* + ‘sySnor Story
“ ce
? ‘sqep WOULUIOZ
. . 6é
Q01eld
“e
ce
‘surly MA
. . . «ce
. . . ce
“pop
‘syooppeyy
* SULLA
* Slssvig
“
. cc
* ‘sqep ysnor Suory
: * ‘salos uowWd'T
‘Oye, Jo worydioseq
‘S850 Ysy
Jou ysy Sunok ou—vun
why {qeqoid ‘pros0 Ny
oud =} ‘spisnpoy *'J
“ds snhyng $f ‘wyosns
mosnmydoanog §1f ‘sno
-ynuuf snunjny **Iy
‘oping —*yaU-W10}}0g
"F “pnango ojsruay)
plod —— “you-oovjang
"J ‘s0gqnb
susdopishyy Sy ‘sdowy)
hag ‘IX ‘snunyng9 0109
““yosps pisnnydoaLog $e
‘anpbog—"you-w00g,
‘uouttoads { ‘s2790.009 0109
‘(pozengqis Os punoj Sureq
qsou ‘spisnpayT = oy}
Jepun Sut1ezjeys ATUL
-eddv) j ‘ds ‘ndojayy
£(20.009 niuohsay) “af ‘spts
“npey —— “you-aovyjang
‘Ysty Sunod pur
‘umedg ‘vuney o1pepog
UYey 2 ‘urd OTP
OTF | OT | 8-Gb “HT | 09 “ured GTZ
"yyes L ATCNULP PIG
GIb | &Ib | Gb “MAT NOLLVaIg
"UIS 6
0-8h | 83h |6-0F “M
‘tu'd lt
“yey 0} ‘wd OL'%
gI Arenuve y4)
83h | OSPF | 0-88 ‘HW |IIT NOLLvag
“ULOF | “OORT “qd
“jog | -mg | Aig "aMOp
' [MBIT, SULLY,
“1048 MA ‘Ity | pur ‘oyeg
“MOTPLYS
‘omnyeiod uray,
‘pPNuUyUOO—HIAOT LO HLUIY "J—'688l ONIUNAG ,CNVIUVH, AHL GUVOE NO AGVW SNOILVAUASAG 40 GUOOUY—'O ATIAVL
oD
~s
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
OE Q—K
uy
qnq Tp Joqzwou
*@ eor0y “A Aq “AN
PUrM-—Ysay 3
"69-66
‘req $ poop smoy Z%
Aypny ‘opry ‘su0yyey
g ‘Aouoedsuvl}
‘yjoous ves ‘Azey
°G 90103 “AS PULM
—Surmuiseq IV
‘UIVI OF SUIT
-uIseq ‘[INp ‘eaoqe
SV — Ys ..4V
0Z-6Z ‘Teq £1078M MOT
Ivou OPI} ‘Ssuoyyey
=i ‘soueredsuvsy
‘ysnol ves ¢ [np
£1 colo ‘°S PULA
—suruuiseq = 4V¥
*9A0QB SB ‘*02R
‘fouoredsuvt} ‘eos
‘puLM—Ustay Vv
"TS-66 “eq 5 qqe
simoy ¢ Jnoge epl}
‘suoyyey $e “10778. JO
Aouoredsuety S'S
WOT [[OMS 9[qQvtop
-1stoo ‘vas ouy ‘Azey
‘p aoq0g “A'S PUL
——suruutseq = V
*SUOT}CAIOSYG 1040
pue “eyyvoM “PULA
“PON [MELT
ur dn 4q8n01q
“ow ‘euney
0481Q0}.10AU]
8 z 6 I et 1
8 it 4a eae oo Nat
56 g BE—-|-SE- | 8b +S
ee (sa a a Jt. ee
TG I bye G OL I
L i 8 g OLE s
A L. D as apg ae
9 T Ge | T
0) a ant
Ut G : E
i S| | oa Wee Wk
os Me. Whe Ch hee
SI | iT OT. te Gt eT
vi é, = leg :
; Tol if i gl Sf a |
OF It OTS lay PTT
Or wf Beit ae eee eg
cer Sho WE eG Ofr E
TS I L p 28 GL
tt ie Vea eb
"3 e) I
: Lilie
seyouy| ‘ON |seqouy] “ON |somouy] ‘on
"YSt JO zig pue Jequinyy
° ° a3
‘SSUTPIT AA
. e r 4 bo fe)
‘syooppeH
* ‘sqep YSnor Story
‘sqep WOULUOD
; * ‘g9[os TOUT
4 * Ker £1e49
‘ §SSUT}T A
. e e c
‘syooppeH
* ‘sqep Ysnor Ssuo'T
° ° “‘Q0I8T d
‘pop
° ° (14
‘sspoppey
* ‘sqep ySnor sory
* + os TOF
: ‘sqvp MOWULOD
* ‘Ker youquroyy,
‘aye, Jo worydis0soq
‘} ‘spodrydury
Joyyo f*5 “ds vosyadupy
Say ‘snovyouomuy snu
ID) $I ‘nqpULO sishpT
Sy ‘usa0b §=6sdowyjhag
Say wuunuyyn wobuny $e
‘ayprbng—you- M1044 0g
: ‘Tra
qsoulpy — *Jou-oRjANG
‘y “nyosns nisnnyd
-09L0 ‘snoryosnuuy,
snunpny SF ‘SpIsnpey(y * ty
‘ayy rbng—"you-W10740g
y “990 a
~y $*F “mnarjgo opsauay?
PLOY —— *ou-soejIng
‘} ‘spIs
“npeye ‘ff ‘snovyounwmuy
snunjoy ‘3 ‘spodryd
-ury ‘*f ‘spodoziyog ‘ea
‘agpbng —"you-W10}40g
‘J
‘agpuboy ‘*} ‘spodozryog
Sz 6 “1a2go = opsuay?
DLN — “You-9oVJANG
‘Ystq Sunod pue
‘amedg ‘euneg o1lseog
“Ydey
GT
0-8h | Gor | FFP M | ‘wd 0G'G
"yyey 0} ‘wd OLF
8T Arenuel 44g
6-Sh | Sh | 9-CP'H SILA NOLLVag
"Ydey
ral
Ger | GSh |G-Sh “M| “wd Z OF
"ayes ‘ud GZ"T
ZI Arenuve 446
Gr | GSb | LSP “A | TA NOLLVig
yey
66
G-FF | F-8h | 98h “A
‘urd GF°ST
"Yyey 0} “U'8 G*TT
6S Arenue (4G
GPF | Sh [0-8 “M| “A NOlivig
"Toy | “eoRZ | “qmng
jog | -mng | Aig “TMOP
[MELL oulLy,
“TOY MA. “ITy | pue ‘oyeq
“HOTye}g
‘91nye1ed ule,
"‘penwijuoo—HLA0, JO HIM “[—'688T DNIUOd ,adNVIUVH, FHL Guvog NO adavw SNOILVAUESYO JO GUONTY—'’D WIAVL
Part III—EKighth Amvwal Report
"9A0Qe
se “oR ‘1oq} VAAL
‘g¢ 9d10F “a's
PuM—ysiuy 3V
“LL- 62
‘Ivq {qqo smoy $F
qnoqe opt} suoyyey
g ‘Aouoredsuv.ty
‘oyeropour “vas ‘Azey
‘7 S010¥ “A'S PUM
—-Suruuiseq = 4V
*9A0qB
se “om “Teyyvom
‘p elo “A'S
PULM-~—Ysuy FV
"20.6% “leq f1078A
MOT Joye 9441]
e ‘epi, ‘fsuloyyey
¢g ‘ouorvdsuvty
fayer1epom ves {Azey
*¢ e010J “A'S PUL
—Suluuiseq 4V
"SUOT}VAIOSGO 10q40
pue ‘royyvo My “pul
“iy Kaas, ON |soqouy
ut dn 4ysno1q
“on “eune gy
97VIQo}IOAUT
8
ia!
ly
ZL
S21
IT
9
GL
‘ON |soqouy
"YS JO ozig puw Joqum yy
AMIN AN OD 60 00 rs
BARROW NH
* Jopsuy
* ‘ssurqyL
* — ‘syooppeH
‘sqep Ysnoi suory
. it7
‘ ne
‘Kel yowqusoyy,
i14
* — ‘sSaryTTM
. . AS re)
* — ‘syooppeH
* ‘eyny pues
‘sqep ysnor ola |
« ¢ ‘
‘
‘sqep MOWW0D
‘aye Jo uodroseq
spodoztyog “oath
“yj ‘spisnpey{ ‘*ul09
‘aygubug —— *you-W10}40g
“pULInUl NA,OPT { ‘wapyo
ndojoyy J ‘3 ‘agpbog
‘ay ‘mnanjgo —o4sauayy
-DINT — ‘jou-vovjmg
‘J ‘spisnpoy ‘J ‘snoayo
pu snunng *°8°A
‘anqubng——"you-W0zjog
"J ‘ayn
“DY Fay “M2090 OpSLWayy
DOT —— “you-aoVjMg
‘ysiq Sanod pue
‘umedg ‘euney o1seleg
"yyy
1%
6-Fb | 1LSh | 08h 'N
‘urd OFT 04
"Yyey "UL" GGT
1% Arenue lr 748
LbP | 8-GP | 8-0F 'S [XI NOMWLVI§
6h | 8-Gb 19-GhM| ‘wd cee
0} ‘urd a'Z
"YyRy Arenuve 434g
1G TILA
8-Fh | 6-GP | GCF WD | NOMVLg
uo} | ‘oovy| “qing
jog | ang] Aig “ZMOp
Th Te eee
"IOJOM ‘ITV pure ‘oyeq
“MOl}eS
‘anqzerod wy,
‘ponuyuoo—HIN0T LO HIV “[—'688l ONIUNG ,GNVIUVDY, THL duvog NO AAVW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 GuooIYyY—'D AIAVL
1 OO. © ” SgRtASADS PSs EPS et en a eee
stmoyyey Fz
‘Aouoredsuviy {sro
-MOYs MOuS SAT]enbs
‘
bp eooy “AN
PUM—ysUy iV
45
: "8-66 | + ds
“req ? sae simoy ; snbynp : a snovyououuy "Yyey
fr “opy ‘suoqyey snunjn) +3 ‘spisnpeyq ‘3 | TL
£6 Aoueredsued me : ‘Mayas misnoydoasog $3 | 8.0F | GOP | 0-Ge ‘A
“ 70} 81OpOUL 398 ESR (2) ct as os ele CL I : ‘ pop | ‘a77.4og-—"you-w107j0g ‘urd 0%'°G
> “MOYs MOUS fF D105 Bi OF |) 5. [Sit |) too ti “stan eepopna : “Wye oy urd GF
Ss ‘a'N'N PUMA ; i ee eh IT | * ‘sqep ysnor su07 ‘F ‘spis | ST "q°.0 UIT
S —Ssuyuuiseq = 4V rae OGRE 13s a | € |° *° * “earerg | -npeyt ~— ‘you-eorzing “IP | 6-0F |%-FE “M| ‘II NOLLVag
ro) Py eee ° . OL L ° ° f2T44°9
< ere 0G LT: ° e . .
= LEG 16. VE GL Pe iS aaa
UG aeck oo, nL He he cae
3 eee ° SG Z & 9 e ° ; [a3
8 Te hea be 56 9 Ve de BE ye Doe on ee ee
Ss se oR “TeTvoMm "e : 6 Z : ‘ on Pes. | qeids
‘G 9O1OF "M OF OE GE 1g ae ea ; | Banok *T “ds ‘sash yy
=> | PUM—ysTUg 4V Ie. 178 8 | I So 1) te OT adel mares ‘T ‘18006 sdouyghigy ‘x3
S : "GZ-08 Ce id Se alas iB |. gles aPODn|| ds Senda say “gos
= “leq :pooy Smoy, > a ‘id = on GL F . ; e S300PPeE pe misnnydoauog "IJ | “YPey
Sy Hoge epi} ‘suioyyey a ae — liew) 17 l Ore Ni “| ‘aynbog Say ‘spisnpel | ST
<4 Aouoredsue dy +e) g #6 G IL Z _ ‘sqep ysnor suo] Tleug -— ‘you-w0y0g | 9.0F | L-OF 10-07 "M
we -W}OOUIs BOS -ouy “aa — 4 g 6 I sqep UOomUOA "urd G["T 04
S Iee[o Ajoye1epoul °g &6 1 OL G ZL Sa be ‘se[Os MOULe'T ; “I | “Gyey Ul"? CF OL
Sa | 8ON0F “AN PUT ee ae’ I oE | € |° * * “eorerg | ‘apynbog faz ‘spisnpey | §% "9.0 T3Z1
S| —Ssurmuiseq yy +4 FR eel ae Bi HT
* Avi youquroyy, | TeuMg — “jou-sovjng | Q.[7 | c.oF 18-08 “H| *[ NOLLVIS
m0y | ‘aovy | “qng
‘mIMOp
*SUOT{VAIOSgG Jeq}o | ur dn 4y8no1 : ‘Ustq Sunok pue SS eee
pue ‘rayyeoAy ‘PUIM | = “*029 cea SBI ge SS n Scr umedg ‘eune gy oLselog "1042 MA “IV ae et
OFEIG 910A TT *Yslq JO ozIg pue Joquinyny —————— eee
‘omnyeiedumay,
‘PnUyuoo—HLAOT LO HLA "[—'688I ONIYNG ,CNVIUV, AHL CUVOG NO TAVW SNOILVAYASAQ 40 ANODTY—'O FIGVL
“aye g ‘Aouoredsuvty ; ; :
. . ce
‘9 90103 “M*N'N sae See we g 6 j :
purmM--ystuy V fl | * cI | + oo} tT |*° ‘ ‘ssuryTA |
"E1-6G “Teq £ toyemn ees anaes at ei ee | G | ff pon | F‘suvagdowoy, °°5 “mnanqqo
ysty ynoge phy heb ieee Gls Be 0S Oe Oe ee opsrmayyning *'}F “myos | “UyRy
* SULOYY RF Aoue eI | 9 ata. T 6. | € |*° ° SyooppeH | -74 msnvydoasg ‘*I}| 8% .
-redsuviy {o}v10pour Ps a, yt “ae 18 mH” 5s > ‘ayn byg—you-woyyog | 0.Zh | OTF |G.98 ‘A |"U'd OS'ZT 04
ves ‘ouy ‘“rea[o ff 9 9 8 I | IL | & | ° ‘sqep ysnor SuoTy | *j ‘appbng 3 ‘spisnpey | “43 . "We GF ‘OT
900} “MA "NN PULA oa oe ee 0G | & | * * ‘SeTOS TOA | [IeUEs SF ‘202790 ojsxw | 9% ‘qa UIT
as | 7 BUrUUTSeq VW g IT | %9 T | f0l | T |* ‘sqep uowmoy |-eyznumgq—"jou-ooujmg | 81h | 1h | 0-68 “| “A NOlLvEg
S enh Eat a UH ee a
S eee eee eee eee Il T . . SULIIO FT
a Be ee Ae 2 RE | SA eda, yee
mS F "70-08 “req VET) 32 1 AOL |} ae a a A a “Yyey
S ‘poop oy} Jo 4sry oy py | Rasvenee, | pean | Matagah seh a eS g
2 epry ‘suroyyey F ‘Kou a “ oi ae 6 g } * “‘9[os uouleTy | . 8-68 | 9-68 | 0-9 ‘M| Wd 0g'g OF
4 -iedsuviy = £ Apnoyo 9 9 g Z 6 g : ‘sqep toulm0N "Y}ey ‘urd OLS
X *G 2010J “N*M PUTA 'g ie: ge ARLES 1 ES aaa ee 7 "G97 13G
ie —suruuiseq VW BEM) oh a) OT PT oy OE i _* 8 6-68 | 8-68 | GGPF ‘HAI NOILviag
~
Ss "9 a0d0J ‘*AA
S pulmM—ystuy VW
‘OL-08
“1Vq Sqqo smmoy eee eee eee eos Sy I . . ‘SUILIOFY "Ty
~ 5 ‘apy SWOY yey I eee eee eee eee 9 I . . . cc ZI
NY ‘Aoueredsuvsy foyer 8 if 6 Z Lies th)". 7° * eee A GIP | OTF | FTh'H| “He OF TT
= repo ves ‘Apoyo er leh OST 21 BS beet] ao: UT Moms hate ‘ "yyy 0} "UL"? 08"6
» “8 20d0y “AM PULA Mei} = 1 Oe ot ish TL 1.) gxintitegot eB) 6 ‘qd 14g
© —Ssutuuiseq = VW ve — ¢ en gen Z | * ‘sqep ysnor Suo'T GIF | IF |0-0F “M} III NOltvig
? "M04 | ‘908. 4
‘WONT wey seyouy] “ON |seqouy] “oN |seyouy] “ON F og oh oa ‘TMOp
*SUOI}VALOSGGO Joyjo | ut dn yy8no1 q "Ystq sumo pur i [Mei, OUI
pue ‘roqgve ny “pul, “O09 a SARL Jo WoHdrroseq] ene ‘eune,T aaae “IOYV AM “ITV pue a
O}.1G 910A UT “YS JO oz1g puv 1oquInyy “MOTYL YG
‘onyeied ua J,
46
‘ponuyuoo— HINO JO HIV "[—'688l DNIUNG ,ANVIUVD, AHL GUVOG NO AAVW SNOILVAUASAQ 10 AUOOAY—'O ATAVL
47
‘ 2. ‘Saray
é "96-62 Roa i al G L L
‘Ieq *pooy smoy F | 3a ma) Sata 8 tee ee i, Sede eae
Ayxvou opr} ‘suo ze] ree coe vee eee G I . 66 6c
‘ s oe gy g £9 Z IL t : ‘sqep ysnor Su0T
. WT" IJ [[OMS ste 5 ae OL if a sqep Toumoyn "798
3 ‘favoq BOs ‘spnoyo eee . eee ooo ST T ° . ‘gTos moweT . ra
Ss peqovjep +E soL0f ay a Or T 0G ji A : * “oretg GF | LIP | 0-0F “M} “wd eT’g 07
~ Sor NT 04 "M‘NUN eee eee ove coe OL I ° . ‘ayeys Aery . © "UI" .
a SULIO0A PUM |. = bes OL G &T T * ‘Ket youquroyy, J er ‘qed 119
S —Suuuiseq = 4V | SS I ae " + Ber £areyg | “aybog-—you-sovjing =| 0. | 81h | 0-8h “A | ILA NOILVIG
S
a
Ss ‘sm0yyey Fz ‘Aouored
SS -SUI}SS10M.OY4S MOUS
3 qYM 59 e010f “N
os PpurmM—ystug iV
> ¥ "61-66 *(Suo] soyout 4
S ‘req {qqe simoy ST qnoqe) T ‘[ee-purs 1eyvors | ‘yyy
e ‘oply Ssmouqey 4% se — hae bE Z| Tt [°° * “qsyqep | ty ‘snoryounuu snup | gt
FS, Aoueredsuesy $04 3 ie OL T ST T : : ‘ | -709 Sy ds ‘snbyng Sua09 | 9.68 | 8.628 | 0.2 ‘A
ae Eres s a a 1a Voce ta | x " tf pon | ‘agpbng—you-wo0yog “urd ft2 04
, : - 0G T i ¥ ‘TM "UY. “Ura GT"
Ss FAA NT AT pum oe. eee eee bee ZL Z . . ‘g908 mowery ‘y ‘aon bog bt ‘spIs ea ‘qoaq mit :
Ss, | —Suruuiseq IV el | 2 | I | ot | fot | we °° * “eorerg | -npe — “you-sovyang” =| 0.0F | 0-0F | 0-98 “MILA NOLES
, : : ‘m0y | ‘sovy | “qung
SUOTJBAIOSGQ I9T3O ean vest stioadl Pia ps Sule Ss sunof es is hey
*SUOl I Ysno1q ; “YSlq Sumo e Lae ae
pue ‘ieqyeoy Spur | “*o2p “vung eye, Jo uoydisoseq ceanteee mans Line "10JV MA “ITW pg
‘oqyerqoytoauy | "YShq JO ozIg puv roqumyy ‘UOT}e4g
‘oinzered ud y,
| ee ey Pee Sen See eee SONS nS SEMEN ONE cw OD SENS SN EEE ON ee | EE) Ie! omen ee
‘PNUjuoI—HLAOT 10 HLYIY “"I—‘68gl ONIYAC ,GNVIUV), THL GUVOG NO AACVW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 GNODTY—'O FIGVL
Part III. —FEighth Annual Report
48
. "86-66 “289
*qq0 § ‘Opry :suoyyey
§z ‘Aoueredsuvsy
$[[OMS 4svo ‘Aavoy Bos
fSeuy gnq ‘Apnoyo
Ioyywom fF ynoqe
a010s “MA ‘NN PUM.
—suyauiseq = 4V
: "96-62 “eq
‘poopy moy [ ‘opiy
{ suoyyey £% ‘Aouor
-edsuvi} £ [[aas 4svo
‘favoy vos { spnoys
MO} B YIM IeaTo ‘AWS
g e010J ““N PULA
—suruuiseq = V
*SUOIJVAIOSGG 1940
pus “reyyvo MM “PULA
et 1
i ve GC as
or is a
*1 for | Z a. Tt ra ae
Tia (0 ec i-2 ee hae
Stl I Is.71 & ae
ie | @ ee) 'T G@ iT
ecco eee ees eee ae) Z
Or i Or 1 tr SE 1 ee
or 1% an se Oe
9 g 8 g o.| Z
l a te | 2 Lae
eee eee eee coe SOL Z
a 2.1 1 Gp | I
4 t ee ae
“ ot Ber ee
‘ 6L | TI os. iT
bi ne ee a 1 1 9
S Gl cae ae
ae i m1 or FT
a ft 0g [ ge
aaj rls | es
ee ae |e 9
§9 q. | ¥ G 6 7
‘as og . i iS
; §9 I 6 I
: " | 6 I 7L.|
eee ae SFL "
sie 2 tbe Te
<5 cL. i a
—_—
“PON [MBIT
ut dn 4ysno1q
“ow ‘vune gq
07 V1QO}LOAU]
seyouy, “ON |soyouy] “ON |soyouy] “oN
asta jo ozIg pue JoquInyy
‘qsy 4%O
‘Sur
“
‘sSurqiy
. ce
‘ * _‘syooppeH
* ‘sqep YsSno1 suo'T
; ‘sqep WOUULO/
‘ * ‘sefos Woula'T
2 * ‘oyeys £e1y
* Ker youquroyy,
: ' ‘SULLIOFL
* Ye[sue 10 YUOTL
" * sBaryTT A
. ce
. . . ce
“pop
. . ce
‘syooppeyy
* ‘sqep yS8nor Suo'T
"+ “sepos [OFLA
e ‘sqep WOWUIOZ
: * ‘salos MoUlerT
. . . ‘QO1V
‘ayeys Avy
* Ker youqu1oyy,
“aye, JO worydts0seq
“polio ore (aj0pT
pur snunwwungy) spodost
pue spodiqdury yv.10941
‘pooM-vas JO SqIq sv at
“BOS 0} POLLIVd PUB SOABM
kq Yo weyoiq ‘poom
“BAS [B10}}I] 0} poyoryye
soso jo Jojsnjo eB jo
qaed ATqvqoig ‘ssSe-ysy
buynoy you ynq ‘s85o
IAT SHOOT PULA Jo IOysNyo
[[vus W—"you-sovjing ©
"Ystq Sunod pure
‘umedg “vung o1selog
“UVES
86
Gh | LSh | $-Bh AA) “Ud Og'T 04 :
“YPeEs “ule 0Z'IT
0€ Areniqe,T 439
GGP | 0-GP | 9-0 ‘H | “XI NOLLVIg
“Yves
GG "u'd F
GCP | 0-2 | O-SF “M| 07 “md Z
“PES Areniqe,{ 439
86 ‘THA
P-GP | OCP | CP H| NOLVLg
m0} | ‘aovy | “qmng
-jog | -ing Aig “MOP
———_| [A®], omy,
“TOPE M ‘ITV pue ‘oyeq
“MOIqeIG
‘ainyerodwa y,
*panviquoo— HLAOY JO HLUIY *[—'6Qgt SNIVOG ,dNVIUVS), AHL GUuvyog NO ACVW SNOILVAUASIO AO GUONAY—'D AIAVL
49
-edsueiy { [np A10A
G_S0d0y “OT PULA
y —suyuUIseq = 4V . Il
Ss
S
S
oa)
S a
Cn
= Or
S ST
=> ‘suoyyey £z ‘Aousred | ja
S -suvI}-——Ystuy VW S
> ‘OL-08 bis
7 ‘eq £ SWOT} eT “ET v
= ‘Aouoredsuvdy ‘ ou tb] cee
AS pue qvopo 67% 90r07 | Sor
= “AN'N, PUL
‘SS | —S8urmurseq 4¥ t
“JON [MCI],
"SUOTPeALOSGO Jeyyo | utdn 4y8noiq © :
pue ‘TeyyVo ny “pul ‘om “euneq
‘| 9yeiqeytoauy
a
6 Z
IL
$9 L
ral OL
£61 I
TOL I
BL im 32
o | +
or | 8
ee
ai 9
oe | e
“Ystg Jo oz1g puv xoqumyy
NAN SOM Ar
N
FPnANnFOYHHTMOHNR RHONA er
— fseyoug] ‘on, |soyouy] ‘on |soyouyt| ‘ony
" . teTaqop
“* ‘sqep ySnor Suo0ry
ce ce
. ¢
sqep woUIULOD
* . * SaTos WowArT
. . . cc
‘eoreld
- A alae
‘ * ‘josuy
SUTYITLA
. it7
Pa ya ° ‘
Cd: ae
PD
. ce
* ‘sqep ySnor SuorTy
Se ‘repunoyy
. “ce (a3
‘sqep uomuog
s “ if4
: * ‘safos uoWeT
. . . QOIVT a
‘Avi You uLloy,L,
‘aye, JO uorydrioseq
a Oe Cee ee See eee eee. eee
‘Ysly sunofk pure
‘umedg ‘euney o1selog
"m0y | “ooRy | “qrng
-joq | -ang | Aig
"Yyey eS
SI
G6E | Z6ES | 0-68 “M
"m’d 9
“Yyey 04 ‘urd OTF
Il yore 44g
8.68 | Z-6E | 8-68 ‘A | “II NOLLVig
“Yyey
ST
0-0F | 8-68 | 0-GF UH
‘ur’? OS TT
“Yyes 0} “Ul'® 066
Il qoreW Prg
6-68 | ¢-6E | 0-0F “A| ‘TI NOLLVLS
‘uMOp
—____| aery, oun
*I0YeM. “ITV pue ‘oyeq
‘HOT}eIg
‘oinyereduay,
PNnUyUoO—HINOT LO HLM ‘[—"688l ONIUAC ,GNVTYVE), THL-CUVOG NO AAVW SNOILVAUSAQ 40 CUODTY—'O ATIAVL
a
Part IIT.—Kighth Annual Report
‘suloyy ey Fe ‘Aouored
-suviy— yYsiug yy
‘0F-6G “1vq SsuLoy ey
&7 = ‘kouoredsuvay
farey gnq = ‘Azey
£g aor0y “AA PULA
—Suruaseq = 4V
‘PE-6G “Te
‘sumoqyey $ _ ‘Aoue
-1edsuviy £ eurysuns
pu spnojo fg ea10F
M'N‘*M pum
—suiuuiseq 4V
“suoyyey ¥z ‘Aouered
susij—ysuy V
A ale eq
‘suroyjey ¥z ‘owe
-redsuriy f ou pus
Ieapo $9 dd1OF ‘UTED
—Suuuiseq = 4V
21), Weeds te ete ds oe oo Le
ect a Re he wis Yo ° Sana
eee eee eee OL r . . gt pon
EO iiet i oe. ue fe | eee
Cie et) Oi: Poel Od "| PME Gener ous
“Tr |, & 6. | T | ° — * {S108 GozTAA
. eee eee G I . 14 “e
G OL Ws ZL | G@ |* ‘sqep wourutoH
: a | cl. | T |° * ‘se[os uoweT
aivle V4 I I al T . . . ‘Q0IR], a
Bi. [0k fT ie ie Wc “191qq09
. ee ees 0% I . . . ‘po @)
fn II | * |*° ¢ ‘Stepuno[a
Ges Peo or i Seep menos
TEDL § 6 1g ;
@o:.\, Tel teal. -leag PvE AG ee _ sae
eee . eos 8% I . . « € Io] su V
. -- | Ze | T pr 8S. Ss SEAGE
eee . eee fp . . ‘SSUI}IY M.
I 9 Sj Se 12 -F ‘2? ee 2 eee
7 6 6 OL SZ * ‘sqep ysnor Suo'T
ve | Sty I Soy IT : > ‘s®opunoy,y
P 8 8 6 9 . sqep TMOULULOS)
I IL - ral Z - * ‘sefos Moule]
ee eee al g . . . ‘eoreld
ctor lege |r to ok
APS
1G
0-0F | 6-68
“UPes
¥G
8-6E | 9-68
“UVES G) 6-88
0-68
“UPeT G
G-8E | F-8E
G-6E | 8-68
6-8E | 0-0F
0-8F “AL
“und OFT 04
“UL'8 OF LT
yore Wg
8-0F “A | “A NOLLVag
0-GF “Hh
‘urd [ 04
“Ur"B OG*OL
Wore 446
0-ZF “M |"AT NOLLVIS
0-2 “a | ‘ud 0¢°G 04
"'d 0Z'ZI
yore WILL
0-8F “M | IIT NOLLVLg
U0}, | *90¥ ‘qin
soqouy] “ON |seqouy] “ON |Sseqouy) “ON aan “mg hig ‘mMOp
“JON TMCLL
"SUOT}VAIOSGY Joyyo | ur dn 4ysno1q ‘ast, Sunod pue AOTT, STERL
puv ‘1oyjeomy, ‘pury | = “"02p “vane ‘aye, fo uorjdioseq | ‘umedg ‘euneg o1sepeg “TOYO M “aT PIS: OLOEE
dJVIQe1eAuy "YS JO ozIg pue Loquuuyy WOT}eYS
‘ainjered ud J,
EE 2 (ee Ge Se OU Se ree ee
“‘panuyuoo—HLaog FO HLUIT “[—"688l SNIUAd , GNVTUVH , auL auyog NO ACVW SNOILVAYASTO 40 auo0ry—’O AIAV.L
50
51
9 I Gir |. Bs <8 eee
TL oe 6b | LAs Jeyons-duny
ee eee _lé i e . . : ‘SUr'T
es oe @ |i | @ [°° ‘s8aniM
Se] 9 AME] Se eal ae p> 8
; ‘sur0yyey Fz ‘Kouared a ee 7) OL ok = i ns oe POD
S| suey —ysrug qv eer beat Cee oe a Ge Ae ayes
aN ae “OF-62 9 S L 9 | 8 G | * ‘sqep ysnor Sao 9T
Ss ane s SURO) oa bn aes G TOL i! os oe ee ae 8-68 | 7-6 | GCP A
S ouaredsued} STTOMS l F £9 g it I : sqep UOMO) ‘Ul? CF'OT
oa) AT10qst9 ‘Azeq ‘f¢ ra - = ae eT VA ; * ‘safos moueT "Tey 0} "Ul’e CF'g
& POE POLAT IL G LT T aa! 6 read * “eared OT Tore 148
S --Suruurseq VW as ae ae ROL ST - + Sveys Keng c.62 | 0-62 | 0-62 “M|ILANOILViLS
=
S
wa)
> . eee eee ° ST I e e . , pong
S P sala pe LL L ‘ i oN Pee "YPES
S OL pag fee hI 16, feet 1) = Seppe tee eI
& a = Sims hao Ee Se a” G-68 | F-68 | 9-0F “AL
pag Oe OG ue") 5 ae 8 ce OT id as G i Bqep WOUTAO/) ‘urd QT"g OF
2 ‘Aouoredswery :Azey 6 Z IL i Gal T : * ‘galos WOULE'T "Ue "urd GTZ
3S % 010} “A PULA 8 Aaa Cee Ce ee ee) eel eee genet PL Pore 148
oes —Ssuruulseq 4V &I 6L | f91 iat ¥G il ae * SOreid 9-68 | 68 | OTP H | TA NOLLVisg
. . ‘ | "U0 | “ooVy | “Qing
79N aay, seqouy] “ON |soyouy] ‘on |Seqouy] “on og |-mg | iq aumop
*SUOT}VAIOSQ GQ 1030 ee ol a a ee ae ae ae | aaa ree, ‘Ystq sunos pue SS ee ee
pue ToyyeoM ‘pul “ow “eune yy eye, Jo uoydi1oseq ‘umedg ‘euney o1selog “Toye MA “ITV pue ‘azeq
“| ‘ayerqezreauy "ISI JO ozIg pue Joquinyy “HOT}eIg
‘9inyer1od ua y,
‘PaNUYUOO—HLAOT JO HLYI ‘[—'688l DNIYAG ,ANVTUV, AHL GUVOT NO ACVW SNOILVAUAISIQ AO GUOOTY—'O ATAVL
Part ITI.—Eighth Annual Report
‘stm0yyey Se ‘Aousred
“suvty—ysug V
"90-08 “eq
‘suoyyey £z ‘Aouored
-SuvI} $ PABA YSBO
wor [jas Aavoy
fAys Iwvapo £Z% Jnoqe
eoroy “A'S = PUI
—-Suiuuiseq + 4V
*90.0g “IBq fsTLOYy RT
fg = ‘Aouaredsuvsy
{pLVA SBE ULOLJ [TOMS
Aavoay ‘A¥YS rvaTo
°G 900¥ “NN PUTA
—Surmuiseq = V
*SUOTJVALISG GO) Iey4O
pue ‘1oyqeo my ‘pul
—[——$ }
“PON [MOLL
at dn 4qsnoiq
‘ow ‘vuney
‘OyVlqoJOAU]
soyouy
g OTT oe ee ae
es ae I awe ae
ae) & jel ee 8c i
3. ogo ge Tall 22
IZ 91 I S81 Sj
ia L 7 I I
i a as ee
9 Z 8 7
vce ane Jan Sot T
SI z S91 I
—
re
rt
MOMMA ROMA RA RS
re
‘ON |soyouy| ‘on |soyouy| ‘on
"Ystq JO oz1g puv soquinyy
ce
‘sSurqIy
Pew
‘syooppeH
* ‘sqep ysnol Suoy
* + SsaTos TOIT AA
~ — Sqep uourUIOD
: ~ ‘alos wouleryT
. . . *QOI], d
. alssvig
“ce
. a .
‘SSUIYIT MA
. e
‘syoopptH
* ‘sqep ySnor Su0'T
"eos YOUN
e ‘sqep mwoUrW0s/
. . ‘ayeyg
. .
‘Ystq Sunod pure
OAL JO WOHAHOSEC | comedy “cuneg o18e[ag
“YFeS
86
0-0F | 0-0F | 0-88 °M
‘mooU ZI
0} “UL? QT
aes yore WP
0§ pe
0-0F | 6-68 | 0-28 | NOlvag
“YPey
0G
0-0F | 0-0F | 8-28 "MI
‘urd 08°% OF
‘urd 0¢ ZI
“UFes qorvey UP
LZ THA
0-0F | 0-0F | &88 WH] NOlLvag
"M0} | “oovy | “qing
“yog | -ang | Aug ‘IAOp
[Ava UL,
“TOPUM “TV pue ‘eyed
‘WOIqe}S
‘oinqyeredura J,
‘panuyuoo—HINO LO HMI "[—"688l ONIUNG ,ANVIUVY, AHL GuvOg NO AAVW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 GUOOMY—'D Wavy,
pen oe at Ee Sui 2
pe SET i SpaivuiIns WoULULOD
‘4 SO Site | ok tek, @ We hot aes omen
4 Se oe Fe) So |. L |e ad ween
ne fs i IL I ; - ‘syooppey
Ramage: z ‘Aouered &G I $9 ie S) Z > ‘sqep Ysnor suory
SUBLT, ystuy 1V Sire Wats ae eee 6 Z . . 6¢ "4 4R]
'GG-6Z “Ie . a. ee
: ‘SuOyyey $F] ree at e. e : . ia ; taiep Homer we
re -1edsuvty ‘ Sulurel orate wes S77 @ z P Doisaiee casas 8-0F 6-07 | 68 “A
S ‘y8nor A10A vas §G vo ve 8 T Me M TN hike “yyy oo
~— eo10y “MN put Fd ; ; : 0} “Ud Z
Oi Rag a 7 OL POE Or | ee SI Tady WIL
S ie | ee I 48 0-1h | 0-TF |8-68 “M | ‘II NOILVLg
= EN B. [ y eti® dgecanialy
rs 66 C 96 I | {88 G f ysyyeo
S o ; Ir | 2 Jo * S8UnTU MA
3 91 6 . . Ce ir ce
x OG | 2 1 Fer] F i aoe ee teen ee:
> el 1 8 [seis] & Ps , Spepeey
$ i : OL : IL | TI | * ‘sqep y8nor SuoT
4 ’ . r ae i ‘ sqep WOULULO;) "Y}ey
2 GS-66 “Leq & : asl
¥ ‘suo yy ey $] ‘Kouored 18 a tL al 3 eg , aa os ees! 91 :
= “Suey : SUIUIRI TL OL FL IZ FZ : : 7 SOOT O-TY | OTF | 8-68 “A a :
> ‘ysnor AraA vas fg sera sits : d er ; ud 0¢'T
+S ao10F “ANT PUL, fy a 9 t 61 IE eis cj ass ea “yyy 0} ‘We TT
= —Suruuiseq 4V ani ae Le 7 er : ; vert 4 sired ; &I dy UIT
CT IT oYeYS AVID) 0-TF | 0-TF | 8-6 “AA| ‘TI NOILVIg
soyouy] ‘on |soyouz] ‘on |soyoug] “on U0} | “ORs | “GINS.
"SUOTZVAIOSYQ 10]40 ae raaitan “Gan Sane oe ak Shuey bak “UMOp
pue ‘reyyeo Ay ‘pur | “on “eune gy "OMB JO word oso sand “eune ee PCH “ITV rte fn
if ee lunch! "YST JO oZIg pue roquinyy | Tones |
‘amnyerodue J,
aa ae See eae Paes TS SE eee Eee PT ee Peres eC rar er eis ee ee
‘Penuiyjuoo—HLIOg JO HLUILT ‘[—'688l ONIvaAa ,aNvVIuvy, HHL Gavog NO AAVW SNOILVAUESAO AO aqdoory—'O AIAVL
Part IL] —EHighth Annual Report
54
‘suoyyey FT
‘fouoredsueiy {Sur
ee ee Ty
BG.6G “Twq *SULOYIEy
t, ©‘Aousaedsuery
$48S¥oI0AO fp ad10F
“M'S'S Pula
—Suyauiseq «= 4V
: 99-66 Teq
‘moyyey [ ‘Aoue
-1vdsuvl} 4Ssv010A0
‘py elo} “M'S'S
purm—ystug FV
"F9-66
‘req ‘swuoyyey FT
‘Xouoredsuvay ‘][Np
Ara 4svotaAo «fg
ao10f “ MA"S"S PUM
—-Suruuiseq 4V
*SUOTPVAIOSGO 19q40
pue “royzve Ay “PULA,
sk Be ee sa
ial | oA EE
eee eee £9 6 6 9
8 9¢ | IL | 96 | SL | 2
eee eee . GL I
ot oe G
‘ 8 7
6 L TE i's et 1S
fel | ¢ Z| CG ma |
ae ee a ee
6 I
eee G G
$9 ae Be eis j
er So 7 Ep IT
8 I : g 6 IT
eu 3g j 6 S
TE } 2 ZL | 6 e '| 9
Sa es 0 es |
i a
soyou 0) soyou ‘oO soyou ‘0
ssgreuers PT) NE PRO ON PSUR AN
ut dn yy sno01q
“on “eune iy
94VIQoJIOAUT "YS JO 921g
: ‘IOYSP]-IOY FR
* + ‘srepunop
* — sqep uoulUIOD
. . 66
. . ‘Q0IR], a
* ‘aqeys yoequioyy,
‘SULLIO
“ce
‘SSUIpIUM
‘poo
‘poppe
‘lopunoy,q
ce
: ‘squp ySnox Suo'y
‘ ce
‘ ‘sqep UOULUIOD
. ce “
7 * ‘soos WOULeTT
. . . ‘QOL¥] a
* ‘Ker youqu1oyy,
‘ystq Sunok pue
‘oye, Jo worydr1osoq ‘umedg ‘vuney o1selog
“YZRF
9
0O-Ib | GIP | 0-88 “M
‘urd fF 04
"Ud" ‘urd Q¢"T
9 Tudy pag
c-1h | GIP | 8-0F “A|"AT NOMWVig
“PEF
£
0-1h | O-LF | FTP “M
‘u'd OL 7
“PET 0} “Ure TL
SI [udy pig
0-1b | GLP | 0-CP'H | TIT NOWVig
Ulog | “O0VF | “QIN
jog | mg") Arq “MOP
[AMVIT, OUILT,
“10B MA “ITV pue ‘ayeq -
“WOTYVIS
‘ganqeroduay,
eee
‘ponuyuoo—HItOJ LO HLM "[—'688l DNIUAG ,GNVTUVY, FHL GuvOg NO GAVW SNOILVAUASIOQ Ao auooty—'D ATAVL
55
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
"Gg 9010} “WT
Par Te eV
‘02-66 “Te
‘suloyyey Sz ‘Aouered
-suely $ysnor AI0A
eos fozey pue ured
*g 900} “A PULA
—suluuiseq 4V
“aao0qge
dh imi Sac a
‘71.66 eq ‘SULOYZeF
cz = ‘foueredsueay
‘ysnor AIOA vas
‘uel pue ozey {G
eo10oy “PULA
—Ssuluuiseq 4V
*SUOTZVAIISGGO 19q40
pue ‘104729 ‘PULA
oN ASL
ut dn 94sno1q
“ow “euneiT
99°81 0410AUT
_
OL
tL
soqouy
oe ld
. 56 c
Sk ins
4 re ew iia
Fa a a
Z 6 z | % I
= FIL vd
if
se | I
re 81 | T
: : “OT to
7 rE | & aed &
ve rt S 4s
T 62 it a ae |
j OL i) FU 1 Sek Wh OL
Ee 8 Zz | $01 G
I BE ee fll
Ls ee I
7 a oS ok i &
Z i wOr i Z GT I
C | Ut me ae I
ON |soyouy] “ON [soqouy] “ON
‘4ST Jo 921g pue roquinyy
‘YsyyeO
‘sSUrzIY MA
‘poo
TH
: ‘sqep UOUIUOL)
‘alos MOUe'T
‘201d
Se)
* preums WOUULO)
e ¢
‘SSUINTT AL
° “cc
“poo
‘syoopptH
* ‘sqep qSsnor suoT
‘SoTOS TO9L AA.
: ‘sqep MOULUIOD
* *g9[0s MOULa'T
* “eoreld
Z ‘ozeys ABIX)
. e
e ° °
‘aye, JO UoTYdLIoseq
a se SE ES
‘Ystq Sunod pue
‘umedg ‘euney o1selog
"YPey
GT
8-0F | 8-0F | 0-Th AA
‘urd OF GT 04
UyRy ‘ue OS TT |
GT Tady 321
8-0F | 8-0F | 0-0F “A |IA NOLLVIS
"YyeJ
GG
1-00 | 8-0F | OF “Hl
urd 0¢"¢ 0F
"YyeJ ‘urd 0%'T
ye Tudy 4421
L-OF | 8-0F | 0-TP “AA] “A NOLLVg
"U10} | “90eF | “qing
-joq | -ing Aig ‘UMOP
[ARI], FULT,
“1098 MA. “ITV pue ‘oyeq
“WOrze4S
-omnyeIed May,
ee eee, Se ae Ee eee ee en eee ee
y
‘ponuyyuoor—HIM0 JO HLUIG ‘I—'688l DNIVAG ,GNVIUVD, AHL Guvog NO TAVW SNOILVAUESIO JO Cuooty—'D ATAVL
56
Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
*suLoyy ey Fz ‘Aoucred
-sueiy YSnod 1oyye1
was £/ 03 9 9010} “AV
PULM—yYsUyg FV
‘06-66 “284
fsuoyyey z ‘Aouored
-suely { o9Rlopoul
eas {avo Teyyeom
£9 0103 “*AA PUTA
—Suruuiseq =4V
‘9L-6Z
“req £9 90103 “
PUM — Beg FV
‘suLoyyry £z ‘Aouo
-redsuviz { ysnor
Aioa Bog {Sutures
‘g aot0f “HT PULA
—Suruurseq = 4V
*SMOTJVAIOSG() 10430
pu ‘oyzee AA “PUTA
OL GL | $21 ge ‘sprvuins UOUIULOD
. . ee 8 T ce
or | @ 2L.| 9 oo ae "8 SBUIgITL AL
° e fe es I . a ; . ‘pon pe
: A al , ‘ syooppeH pagmehnen “yy
i 1 + i 6 | * ‘sqep y8nor Su0T 9%
ae rea Av 1 I % ‘ topunop yy 0-1F | FIP WLP”
1 | & 9T | & 8. | 6 | % ;. “seTos WooTAN tie “UR (G"TT
fg v L 8 §8 G ; SUR MOREA) ; 0} “UL'R Chg
OL I I I ; * ‘Sejos uouery “UPes Tudy Wg
el | @ me (te | et. Seo 61 “TITA
LT IT IG I KE I * “opeys xovqutoyy, ¢-1) | 6-[F |0-2F°M] NOLLVILg
. IZ I : ‘reyons-duiny
8 p fol | ¢ | a i "8 §SBUTgTT AA
eo | sz ie 4-8. f Me) & \. duday mea
re: t~ Tit G , ; ‘SqOOpptH i | Wye
So : 6 61 7 ; : ; * “‘goqiny, ST
P Il I * ‘srepunoy . . LP’
: : a deg rior tae 6-07 | OIF | 0-L[F ‘A
9 T L aot FI | * ‘Squp wourur0y ‘urd
for T : * ‘sofos WOUla'T "Egy 09 ‘uid F
ei GS htoreom” OL Indy ZT
GL I * ‘ozyexs Woequsoyy, 8-0F | 8-OF | Z-0F “AA [ITA NOILVIg
sowourl - : : : “ULOF | “OOVS | “Qing
79N sexy Wouy) “ON [soqouy] “oN jsoyouy] “on og | -mg}| iq “tisiop
ut dn ut no1q ’ ‘ystq Sunodk pur |] ————| Java, our
oR eune Ty axBL Jo worydrsosoq ‘umedg ‘euney o1sepog “IOYV AA ITV pee ee
04}VIqo,LoAUyT “USsty jo 98219 pue oq UIn NY ‘ *UO14Ze4G
‘ainye1oduta J,
‘ponwiquoo—HIAOT LO HAI "[—"688T ONIUAG ,GNVIUVH, AHL CuvOg NO AACYW SNOILVAUASEQ 40 GAODTY—'O TIGVAL
aa a Pe ae a TO ET EE EE a ee a ae
10
Ge iui | ga “YSy-4%0)
: Gita ee ee
6 VA Sey g ‘spiVUINs UOULULO(D
OL | Z IT | b |*° * ‘SSUTI AL
“1OYVM YOVIS ‘apy late ose see 49 g . . . “c
‘suoyyey $1 ‘Aouared 1 a ei A i | ei SE:
“SuUvty SF eo10F “A LT I 61 § G& i ; Seay: P°D
PULM—yYsUg +V e i OL ii él & pee eel :
t 'C9-66 oe © L 9L | ¥8 8 Bqep baa suo] “yyes
x) ‘req = poop “epl} ifr” a G IL I ee Soe cT
S Ssmoyyey g ‘Lous th €t | 18 EL OT v : age Ce GS) | 0-77 | 8-97 “M
= -redsueiy = Ysnor 6 e ZL G ro V4 F * ‘soTOs UOUA'T : ‘ud cep
S IOY}VI eos ¢ Apnojo + ° eee eee 6 . . . cé "Yyey 04 ‘U~’ 02'S
oa) ‘g o010} “MW PUL 0) aba eee er | 9 ce | 8 | > pte peer LT Avy puz
a —Suruuiseq 4V a le ae se IL I * fageys Aer 8.eF | GFP |¢-9F ‘A | I NOlivig
S
‘ ~ St I “Jexons-duwy]
2 tHE i Do eee oe
= IL T eT VA spreuins UWoulUL0D
8 P ae Oe Me a Ge a eee | eee) en
Hoe a SE a Dp 86g ii ie Ne eee
=> 6 T Lt I TST T : ee OR PEEL
3 “g 04 J OOIOJ “* AN #9. | ¢. [36 | 9. .| fon 1 E - |) BAeD nea aaes
"3 PULM——USIOG «¥ ee = NG I TOL u : * B9TOS TOL. "Ures
Sy ‘06-62 “Teq ‘suULOyyeT ie ie L Z g I ane MOULULOD og
fz, ©‘ koucredsuesy sig ek Bee ae ZL I : * ‘ajos uoULery GLb | 3-1b |0-9F AI .
= ‘ysnol sJoyyel vos es ar a ad SeT I F } * goreld ‘urd OF'z 09
S faivajo Teygeom 67 * ah on oe SI 1. ‘aqeys WOequioyy, "TY4ey ‘ud 08ST
y, — ee ee ae aN ea ech eh a ee Ae T | * * ‘her Srreq9 a Indy U38T
—Suruurseq + 4V aan | Sot i! PZ T ; * qexys AVI 0-TF | ¢-Th | 0-L% “H |XI NOMLVig
a ‘ul0} | ‘oovy | “qmg
“on pea, — [SUL ‘ON |Soqouy] ‘ON |SoqoUy] “ON | © -yog | -ang | Ag “UMOp
‘suOTyeALESqG Joyyo | utdn 4yysnoiq ; ‘Ystq sunod pure eS eee ee,
pue ‘soyyeom, ‘purm | “ow “euneg | | ayeL Jo uorydrsoseg | « umedg ‘euneg o1sejog "I0Ve AA ‘my. | pue ‘oqeq
sc i catch ‘YSTq JO ozIg pues Joqunyy | SS] CO
‘oinyersd way,
“penuyuoor—HLi0q JO HLUL ‘[—'688l PNIUNG .GNVIUVY), AHL Guvog NO ACVW SNOILVAUESIO 40 GXOOey—'D WIAViL
Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
58
"poop ‘opty
$ moyyey [ ‘Aouored
“sued, —Yystuy 4V
'G9-66 cars
‘ umoyyey [ ‘Aouer
-suviy { 09elopour
eos {avelo JoqyvoOM
‘7 aot0y “A PULA
S Suyuutseq 4V
"IOPLM YORyS
‘epg, Ssumoyyey §z%
‘fouoredsueiy {Sur
“UN — qty. TV
02-66 “284
‘poop ‘opty ‘suLoyyey
z ‘souorrdsuery
SYSNo1ves {4S¥010A0
*p 9010F “A'S PULL
—suyuuiseq = 4V
*SUOTPVAIASGO IOq3O
pure “royyee “PULA
‘ON [MCIT,
ut dn 4y8no01q
‘om ‘vuney
94B1qQo910AUT
soyouy
a oT
8 l OL
ta aL Ae
i 402-1 8-32
1 tS ee
; %) g IL
ET 4-6 3S Or
ae I OL
eee eee §Q
tL | $10 | OT | SGT
‘ or | s PL
Ol ae ee
; ‘. or
. A. ar
9 | %& g I
a 6 g ZL
9 St | F Go
a oe I TL
#9 P 8
: z) e. =
4 uwas gL
‘ON |soyouy] “ON |soqouy
“Ustiy jo 8ZIg pue Tq uM }T
rahe OD OOD Hr rs OOOO er
rin
MAA AON
‘ON
a et)
P ‘ “qsy-380
‘spreuins uoUIUIOD
‘SUH TTA
pop
‘SxOOPpeH.
s1epunoy,,q
: ‘sqep ysnor Suo'yT
° sqep WoUTULOD
. . (73 74
; * ‘s9[0s WOULE'T
‘oorel gd
* ‘aqeys WoVqusoyy,
. .
“Ysy-480
* Fepsuy
‘spreuins UoULULOD
, 8 SSUTFTT AL
. . . ‘pop
‘soopptH
* ‘sqep ysnor Suo0'T
; * ‘gatos UOUle’T
‘ooreld
‘aye, Jo uoydra0seq
‘Ystq Sunok pure
‘umedg “euney o1selog
“yyey
6
O-FF | &- bP | FLPMA
‘urd 0¢'T
“Wye5 \ [OF “UL? CF TT
8 Av pug
9-FF | GFP | 0-96 ‘H [III NOILVIg
"YPey
PL
L-8h | 88h | &-8h “AN
‘und OFF
"Yyey 07 ‘ud ¢
81 Av pig
9-€h | 9-8h | 0-6F “A | ‘II NOLLVag
"UI04 | “eowy | “qin
“jog | -mg | Aig ‘uMOp
———| [AJ], oulry,
"1098 AA ‘ITV | pue ‘oyeq
“WOT}RIS
‘oimyer10dulay,
"penu7yjuoo—HALiO, FO HLYTY *[—'688l SNIVOG ,dNVIUVY), AHL GUVOG NO AACVW SNOILVAUASIO AO ANONTY—'’D WIAVL
I ___———————————————————e
for)
| Ken)
. Say (i ae hee | Sy
| -E WG Ge i... oe eee
. eee eee eee 7 G . (74 6c
om Pas ome cae el as 2 So ah EL
Bo 18 Ge lPtOL oh St Gio tes Sie. ee eee
‘sutoyzey §z ‘Aouared » Noah a a ened (2k OR Sa | ae eR A
“suel—qsuy +V 6 o.~{\4EL | 6 SE — | S| POP
s ecouii Dointasad - ee A ut ; “ ee ‘ce
e é eee eee eee eee 9 G ° ‘6 *UI0D QS
3 -suel, £0/.6% ‘req L GZ ) tz «| 36 9 - ‘sqep ySnor Buoy | “eao YSy fay ‘apphoy | ZZh | C.h | Z- FFM
3 ‘ysnor eos { ured “ “2 a se T : ‘sqep twomULoy | f:utoo ‘spodeoagq Teare'yT ‘ud 0¢'ZT
S ee. is are om T un T o cE . > eey0r ahs <a fant giles 04 Pte 02°01
‘E'S pul T se ee Q 1°. +. 1 eared |s="Ur6 2 u Z SW Pig
es —Suquuseq = 4¥ ser fore Poses ffs 7 gp) qT | * fepeys yoequiogy | snumpog—"zou-soejmg | 0-Gh | 0-Eh | 0-FF H| “A NOMVILS
—~
= ¢ ‘
S ‘Poop ‘apty ¢ WOyyey
S T ‘fousredsuery
RQ faqerapoul eas
> | #4. 04.9 00405 “A'S 'S
8 purA— LE Se "ayey
: 9
3 | ‘suroyyey $y ‘Aouored oe lee se (eee | Or te it, Ue eee r 8.FF | 6FP | 0-ZG “AN
Ry -SUBIL ‘ yonor 9S be a Po '? Vv g FH S 5: ‘sqgvadg ‘urd 0Z°E
2 2 sige a 8 4 4 Pg ae a a a, T |° ¢* SS8UreA "yey 7 ‘urd T
<< . “ct? pula eee eee eee eee 9 I . . . ‘poo y/ CTL 48
- ht Suruulseq FV 6 9 TR. |f 1S. | Pg Oe 8-FF | 6-FF | 0-6F A) AI NOLLVIS
“W107. "908 ‘que ;
32 NI mer L seyouy] “ON |soqouy] ‘oNT |Ssoyouy] “ON 40 ate AIG, “MMOP
“‘SUOIIVAIOSGG Joyo | Ul dn ¥Yono1q ‘ystq Sunodk pue Se
pur ‘royyeo Ay ‘pum | “oR “euneT (| ORBL Jo uoHduosod | ‘umedg ‘euneg oSepeg | “Toye AL ‘Iry | pur ‘oyeq
eee ea "YS JO ozig puv roquinNy “HOT}e}S
‘onyered ula J,
po 8555
‘ponuyuoo—HLi0g JO WLU ‘[—'688l ONIMAG ,aNVIUVD, THL Guvog NO ACVW SNOILVAUASIOQ FO Guoody—"N ATAV],
Part III.-—Eighth Annual Report
60
‘suloyyey Fz ‘Aouored
“SUGEY —qsay FV
“poop
‘ple 501-66 ‘req
:smoygey $e ‘fouo
-ivdsuviy = £ YSnor
wos {Azey <AIOA
*f 9010F “A PULA,
— Suruuiseq Vv
“sumoyyey z ‘Aouored
~suely—ystay +V
“poop
‘opt 501-66 “1eq
: suoygey fz ‘fouo
-iedsueiy = $ yBnor
eos ‘ ure1 pue Azey
*F OOL0J “A'S PULA
— Suruulseq 4Vv
*SUOTPVALOSGG 940
pue “1oy7Ve AA “PUTA
"SON [AUT],
ut dn 4ysnorq
“on ‘euney
09 BIQOJIOAUT
9
01
gI
soyouy
eee . ¥& - r . . ‘Ysy-9eO
a Gn
‘i 9 a i
1 OF i ee ‘spreuins WouLUlo(
z a Be ep tpt eau AA
ae ee ae ers
6 iS Cae os
ST | ¥6L | 6 8. | 6 |. * ‘sqooppyH qyey
4 | | 6 | f0T | T | * ‘Saep q8nox Su07 81 lows. ©
ie op z a b | * * Slepunopz 8-GF | O-FP | 9-Gb"M a 9 a
a ss | Bo ae
Sed toe hes ee : “wey fo
I iA el . ee | .
f Sit, OL. tee ee fe, 2S Ae €-3F | 0-GF | G9F AH] NOllvig
“Yyey
fol | ® | FL | & | ‘spxeum uouru0p GT
ig SS I a Nn ya | Ler | 7-8) | GOP MY
mM) % | Oe Tl eet onany, urd GFT
Bee ae ee | <2 [cas wi) ela
g a | & GT * sedlat |
a ee ee ee a eg 0-8F | F-8F | b-&h “A |"LA NOLLVLg
“ON |SoqoUyT] “ONT soyouy) ‘ON “uMOp
: ‘Ystq Sunok pur [MeIy, OUITT,
SAL go BORG ONS CT a = ar Shae pure ‘oyeq
"YSHT JO 0z1g puv soquinyy : “WOTFEIS
; ‘oanyerodura J,
‘PnUyuoo—HINOT 10 HIN ‘[—'688l ONIUAG ,CNVIAVH, AHL GUVOG NO ACVW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 AUOOIY—"D WIAVIL
61
"qqe
‘apt} {Soy fe vor0y “YT
PUrM—ystuy 4V
"qqe ‘opty
£9/.6G ‘leq ‘SuULOy}ey
t ‘Kousrvdsuvty
‘ysnor vas {Apnojo
‘p eo10y “A PULA
—Suruuiseq 4V
apooe.
‘op fsuoyyey Ze
‘fouoredsuery ¢ Azey
Aion ff VOLOZ SY
PUM Gs TV
“IOYEM YORIS ‘opty
‘71.6% Teq ‘suloyzey
F ‘ousredsuesy
{ysnor wees {S0F
+g eod0y “PULA
—— Suruuiseq 4V
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
"SUOTYVAIOSGY 1oY4O
pur “royyeo MA “pul
9
HI
ae ee ae
_6 ck. YEE
1 bE. | Sh
OT G 6L
4. 9
Bee)
$8 ae
o | Ut. 2
‘son per, |S°UPUT| “ON SoyoUy
ut dn yysno1q
‘on “euney
9} BIQIPIOATT
al t ; 4 : “aeysay
L g 3
et | tI | OT | *‘spreums vouru09
al G * ‘SSUTqIT
6 zol T * ‘syooppeyy
te t Z * ‘epunoyp iy
Soe P - Sqep ySnor Su0'T
G JT} & | °° “setos You.
a 9 | ‘sqep uomut09
a 61 * ‘Sa[os wouter]
pan es! ji do1e
| a i Sa PA 2829)
6 E ’ ; : “‘So]Suy
4G G 6
Go | SPT 0z | ‘sprevuims uourul09
I ST G be a ‘ssurTy M
ae 6 7 5 ay
9 9T i! ~ ‘gyooppey
IT L 8 - = ee ysnoi Ssuo'T
g 6L | g.. | oe. OpOR Wout
i 8 G ‘sqep MOULUIOD
IT GL VA Pj - ‘gaTos UOWe'T
G 1G G 7 7 ‘Q0IvT
IG T * Sageys AW15)
“ON
‘ON |soyouy
7 "OAR L jo wo1jdi1oso(y
‘4ST, JO ozIg pur Joqunyy
“ystiq Sunofk pue
‘umedg “eunegy o18el9g
“YPeF
O€ | 9-FF |0-LF'M
G:GP
‘ud 0ST
“Yyes 0} “UL"® OS OL
G& Av Wy,
0-2F | 8-FF | GLE A | “XI NOWMVIg
“yyey
IG
GCP | 0-Gh | 09F' M}] ‘ude
03 “urd [
"Ure5 AewW UL
Lé ‘TITA
GCP | 9-FF | 0O-LF ‘“H| NOLLVIg
"ul0, | ‘oovy] “qrug
fog | mg | Arq ‘UMOp
[ARI], OUI,
"1042 A “ITV pur ‘eyed
“MOTLIS
‘arnyersdu1a J,
‘POnUyuoI—HLIO LO HLA
‘I— 6881 DNIUAG ,aNVTUVYS THI aquvog NO AdVW SNOILVAUGSIQ AO GNOOTY—'’O ATAVL
Part III —Eighth Annual Report
62
"68: 6G
‘Ieq {pooy sinoy
> ‘oply + suloyyey
P ‘fouorvdsuvty
‘qjoous vos ‘foul
qnq ‘Azey JeyyvemA
*G 9010} “A'S PUM
—suruuiseq = 4V¥
*SUIOT} RJ
g ‘Aouorvdsuvdy
‘pooy sunoy ¢ ‘apry
$g eoroy “GQ Aq “WM
PUM—Ystay TV
? "8-08
‘Ivq ‘suoyyey Fg
‘Aouoredsuviy ‘poop
moy [ ‘“epry ‘qjoours
ves ‘oul JeyyveM
*G_e00y “MM PULA
—Sumuiseq = yV
*SUOLPLAIOSY() 1040
pus “Toyo Ay “PULA
“JON [MBIT
ut dn 4yy8no1q
“or ‘vuney
04BIQOJOAUT
soouy
8
Zz or. @ IL
6 | st | 8. | Ft
8 or] oT
or} et i ‘er. | Sr
ol ol IT
Lees: |e 1s
he JG L. a1
I 6 OL | _OT
et | -St. 1 * 4
tT | <0 I 1
at Boe ee GT
IT | £02 I &Z
4 OE Tt 8 IL
L 4a t 91
ore 9 e J
8 6 L 21
eae 7 3
OL 18 G Or
I 6 OL | OL
8 aI 1s PL
G Il | ¢ ZL
an oe a ae | GT
UG rl e. i
‘ON |soyouy] ‘ON |seqouy
"YS JO ezig puv Joquinyy
MAN AAI eo 0
AN
N
ri
‘ON
. if4 “
. ‘sqep MOUTON
. ce “e
. . ce 74
‘solos WOULarT
. “
. « . iT
Q01Bl gq
‘ket LLIVYS
* qsy-7e%9
* Vepsuy
. 13
* ‘spreuins mourm0y
"8 ‘ssaryT MA
‘pop
. . ce
‘syooppeH
. . c¢ “
* ‘sqep ySnor 8u0'T
“ 14
; ‘sqep mouU0g
. “ce ce
: * ‘galos moUuLerT
. . ce
‘Q0IBT
‘oyeys Avi)
‘eyey, Jo worjdrsoseq
“ysy-yey Sunod
AzoA ouo ‘3 ‘angphng
‘"y ‘snovyosnmuy snunjny
‘ay “Cow “nuyog) spits
-snpey — “ou-u10}}0q
‘I ‘spodevooq + [earery
‘3 ‘spisnpoyt Sy ‘spod
-edog — “you-sovjang
‘aZ ‘spisnpoy
“a1 ‘aoggubogy ‘ur09 ‘spod
-edog —- “you-m0}0q
‘soo Ysy pur
‘spodvoeq yearvy ‘spod
-edog — ‘you-sovjang
"ystq Sunof pue
‘umedg ‘eune,y o1selog
“Uyey
é1
0-GF | 8&9 |02¢ M
“Ups
PL
Lop | ¢€¢
“YPes
6-67 | G09 | €-8o"°M
“UPeF
9T
6-FF | 0-19 | 0-89 “a
"MOY | ‘oovy | ‘qing
-jog | -ing | Aig
"LOVE M “ITV
‘amyeredwuay,
oy “Ul'e TG")
ounr 19g
L6G ‘Wf | “IT NOlvig
"urd QG°Z 04
‘tad OF ZI
oun? 4p
‘T NOLLVLG
"UMOp
[MRI], OUILY,
pur ‘oqyeq
aabats)
ee Ec ae pe ee Neer ere ke ee
‘Panu quoo— HLYOT JO HLYIT ‘[—'688l ONIVAC ,GNVIUV, AHL Guvog NO aavn SNOILVAUASAQ 40 GAOOTY—'O AIGVAL
,
cf
= . . “
- 6 T Ol G . : a
TIL 6 ia! & T9L : Boar aA
Tee) 26k et 2 o. | 2 |) ar eeatmeee
LT T &G & 68 T - tall pop
“STO } PF eee IL Z ZI T ‘sooppeH
g ‘Xouoredsurdy} ; l I IL T : ¥ slopuno[y
£qqe smoy Z ynoqe : ae Bas ore LROT, . : "OND Tes
: epi fyjoours vas Od oe RO P ji l ; Nee
rs fouy ‘reapo “1ot}voM 8 I 6 6 OL T F sqep ysnor SuoT
= fe Q010J “MS eos . eee 9 i s se
= PUM—Ysuy Vv L 61 L CT 8 1S ie ;
= ; "TL-66 “Ted 6 7. OL T II i! sqep nou
ro) ‘suroyyey ¢ ‘Aouoreds l 1. 6 l OL Ai. ae ea
ml -UeI} ‘poopy samoy 57 II CG ZL OL FL OL ; y 8908 uoure'y
S | Army epi -qjoous « 9 ee ee )
S| vas {Azey s0yzeem 6 6 Sor Liz tt} G0> 1 gl eet
oS SL) ey ee eh OE ee ee eet
S —Suruuiseq av Ge Sac tae Bap Ser i . Rex yoequsoy.L
RQ 0 : eT I OL I i Pee “o]suy
=> Se. be - bees he ,
3 6 L or | 2 | %tr | # | ¢ ‘spxeams uourut0/)
S - Son wee 6 I . . sSUrytM
& *IOJOM . eee ae eee 0g I e . . seen
ystqy = ynoqe epry ok ae oe i OL | £ ae,
P ‘suogyey F ‘Aouareds 4-3 S42 Ee ES So eee
as -uel} ‘Z Q010J Cony eee ate 9 Zz fi g °
Ss, | PUL asia IV ¥L IL | $8 S or | 3 | ° ‘saep y8nor Su0T
¥ drier :
“0K yeas soyouy| ‘on |soyouy] “ON [soyouy| “ON .
‘SUOT}BAIOSGG Teyjo | ur dn yysno1q ;
pure “a43%0 A, ‘iran mM] fon Seuneg oye, Jo uotydr1oseq
| 94vrqoproATyT ‘YStq JO slg pue roqunyy
eer eke
HHL duvog NO AAYW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 auoory—'D WIAVL eS
‘penuguUoo—HL40,{ 10 HLAIG ‘[—'688l ONIUAd ,CNVTUV),
"LT ‘wwapyn ndojzayy
fay ‘spisnpeyr {az ‘spod
-edog -—- you-m0yjog
‘J ‘spodvoog
TeareyyT ‘Sy ‘spodedop
‘eao Ysy ou ‘smoyyey
@ ye you-moy, {ay ‘spod
-eooq [eArery "ay ‘svws09
-2hu0) nLoway, ‘It ‘svat
-bu0) sig ‘ay ‘snavyo
-wnuuy snunjng ‘u0d
‘spisnpeyy ‘{'ul0o ‘BAO
Yslq — ‘gou-oovjing
‘ystq Sunok pue
cumedg ‘euneg o1se[og
"UFEF
IZ
65h | 1-67 ¥-9G
"TH ‘d cP’ 1
WY} 0} ‘u'd OFS
L aun pig
eer | 01¢ | $09 | TIT NOILvaLs
“panuyuod
—ur'e 6°6
0} “Ue GT)
oun 448
‘II NOLLVLG
“U104 | *20RF mq
-yoq | -ing Id “IMOp
————| [Mea], OWL],
CLURLY IV pue ‘oyeq
“HOTZ
‘ginqe19d ula J,
Part III—FKighth Annual Report
64
‘suloyyey Z ‘Lous
-redsuety S1dPeA
MOT ynoge ‘apy
‘YjZOOuls vas WTO
PUM — qstug FV
, "69-66 “Teq
‘suloyzey Z ‘Aouored
“suvi} fqqe smoy F
qynoqe opti 'yyoous
wos ‘SAzey AIOA
Toyyeam 6] sd10F
“N 4q “AN PULA
—suluuiseq 4V
*SUOTZBAIOSYQ TOYO
puv ‘104789 MA “PUTA,
"JON [MCIY,
ur dn 44 8no01q
“on “eune 7
09R1Q9}10AUT
L GY ee!
3 a ir
9 2 L
6 | IL | for
A | U 1s
g.-| at | ¥
Ss ae 9
ris ral
S18 | 6
OL
cl | Gp | er
Gl - ft
st | I | 02
ail
ao)
«vet
at |
for)
inn)
seyouy| “ON |soyouy
7A 2108
a0
mths
os Me Doe
TANI Higig IN Or
oD
=
etre
sH
nn)
Té | OL
€ GT
‘ON |soqouy
‘YS JO ozIg puw roqumyy
MOM MMOIMO ARN AAN RA AAR MIN
LO re man ‘
MmOnnArsr rtrd
‘ON
~ ‘Kqoxy
9330q
; ‘IOYSV-10q3e J
‘spreums woWU0D
. . pon
* ‘sqep ySnor Suo'T
: _, epunopy
: 6c
. ce
; ‘sqep WOULUIOD
ce iad
; * ‘Sefos UOULe'T
. . “é
. . : . ce
* oreTd
. id «e
' Ker yoequioyy,
; * ‘ogeys Le
* “Ysy-38D)
: * Fe[suy
. . > ae adg
; : ‘SULLIO
ce 6e
‘spreuins UOUTUIOLZ
‘Oyey, JO uodiiosaq
‘J ‘ss30 ysy ‘qsy
punoi sunok Ara f°} awp
~pag *¥ (ase4s pooes14s¢Q)
snunpog “zy ‘spodeoog
TeareyT fa ‘ds ‘snbiyng
‘}_ ‘spisnpey ‘F ‘spod
-adoy — “you - ul0}30q
‘} ‘spisnpeyq ‘J ‘spod
-edog — ‘you - sovzmg
‘Yystq Sunok pue
‘umedg ‘euneg o13vpog
“UPS
i
&-0¢ | €-0¢ | 0-69 ‘H
Ole GEL OF
"Uxey “UL'G GG'g
ip oun pig
GOS | 0-19 | F-€o A] “AI NOLVLg
“panunuod
—— "Ul ‘d cr lL
04 “urd 0F°g
oune pag
‘III NOLLVig
‘ul0} | ‘oovy | ‘qing ;
“Jog | -ang | Aig ‘UMOP -
[ACI], OUILY,
"IOVS AA “ITV pure ‘ayeq
U01Zg
‘ornqerod ua y,
. A nn Mone Sinn el a Sn Cn SM
*‘panUyjuoon—HALi0g AO H
IML{ "I—'688l ONINaa
aNVTUV4,
aH. da
dvoq NO ACVW SNOILVAUASAQ AO axvo0rzy—'*D ATIAVEL
a a eas e
To)
Fern eae EL G FL IT IZ ny ; ; : “po hay ys
mmoy §] “epty feaoqe te or G II Sl aS ee a Br cay pepraedgs ie
se ves PUR 1ayQROM éL g gL e FL p : bc ae oe WIDAQOUNATT ) “AZ
$e gor0J ah - GT I OL i SL % . : goon spisnpeyy {uo ‘spod
Rogen gemea tae | 8] e |e 8 REE | SSP oor ns :
‘90-0¢ “1eq {suI0TZe aif T 88 | t * ‘sqep ys ‘ yo) ‘t ba
G eeu latest OF ‘8 ; ; ss Pee = ae ai Apert) ee
: “10}eM MOT “Opty os G. as G VT if * — §sqep MWOULULOG OD) TSN MEO to Leder
Ss qyss vos fAzey a. ; : ve bo I . = Bate & ee pe ee ‘IJ | OT
s ora ; ‘ouy 6@ a0I0] IL 9 1 : mat G . * ‘gajos uoutary | -wny salivdo ae Paka 0-Ch | cg | LE¢°M
sS : ») + T : . . ‘6 . ‘UT
~ sures S pum OL I e, : f L o ‘s¢utoonbuo) nuowagz | Tye M+ d cet
S TUUTooq 1 TEL € ‘-UL09 ‘ J 04 ‘und Qt"
= IZ t 3% 1 9% 1 4 ; ean snoyouuuyf | ef O's
a) VIL | ‘Snunjpog—'you-soejzing | L.ch | 0.zgG ap len eee =i
& ‘C2 10-69 ‘AIA NOLVig
ra F 8 if : ' Y“aumoSer
S| aga soy 7 Spy ee a ae a g | ‘spreuins wou,
S | iswomyey Fg ‘fous is |S cr | To |* * 6S8UnmA
al -redsuvay ‘ourysuns i. bea oT I ‘+ exng preg
euros qyIM ‘Apnoyo Bes ae ee: G 6 I * ‘sqep ySnor Suo0T
> | fe so10y “a'g'S 4 a oo ee g : fe s ‘I plyauue ypeurs ¢-
8 pura =e av a 81 % : 7" : . ‘sqep uowmoy | ‘s2woauo) colby %
°c : oy ; zs ‘snoryounmur. ; S
Ra Pda wuysnun .
[ ‘opry { suroyge OL ey pe al ee. ee AE: ants NA ea Nl
TMp 448s vos v 3 a ae 5 ous "T “ds | g.
S “g oo} “ap par T6- i pe NOE Og t ioe ; “Dysnoydoaiog Sy "Spis 8-77 | 8-09 | OFS nee
a cedumciae : me = ie = Ze i d ike ole[q | -npey SF ‘spodeoog yea | -y4Rz bi ; CEL
cS pet Li Le i 6 be - ; ; : Eero -aery Say uosiagod 0.1300) | 9g, aaies Or
ecenies: 49 | -pwoup—‘jeu-90 f UL
oe sete SN a a eee Nes oe s Vane os 9-FF | 1-29 10-84 “MA ] ‘A NOLLVIG
<a Seyouy) “ONT |seyouy| ‘o sg : 3
. JON, [MCI I} “ON jseqouy) *o ‘ ;
aaa | as mysn014 Se Nast k= eee ol get | ag || Satake
Hee POCA on aonb dl ‘ayeq, Jo uoldisosog | , USt S8unok pue ieee aewe da ee
qIOAUT “su Jo ozig pur roqumny umedg “euney o1sepog 1098 AA “IV pe tote oe
“HOTZ
‘amngesodura y,
f . Hf IW I ¥
Part IIL.—Eighth Annual Report
66
‘OT-0E “T8q
fqqo = ynoqe epry
‘suioqyey $g ‘Aouo
-redsuviz ‘Apnoyo
4ysys ves Se
9010} “A'S PUL
—Suruuiseq = 44V
‘poop samoy
ZG ‘opt, ‘su0yzey
fe = ‘oueaedsuety
f9UTYSUNS OUMOS TFTA
Apnoyo ‘TOY PVM
‘g o010} “OND
Pt eres FV.
‘TL-08 “TBq
feyeM =6MOT ‘APTA
‘suoyyey Se ‘foue
-redsuety {0} 819pout
eos furer Jo JaMoys
qysis ‘Apnopo !
9010} “O'S'A PUM
—Suruuiseq 4V
*SUOTJVATISG() 1030
pure ‘1077894 “PULAL
FI if §9L Sz ST I
es eee eee &9 ge
‘ “" T | ae! I
ang ; 1 I cL .
rs ; Gl b, 1 I
§cl i SI I
¥ M T g T
9 G ‘ 9 8 FI
6 gL OL | SE | ,L g
0. cl UI me | So r
6 I FI I cT ;
6 I FIL g UT I
9 G L 6 8 G
6 Sj OL E- Pi o-
a. G. Ut L - :
- G Gg 9 1T
L 21 8 OL 6 ¢
iL r 8 YA 6 3
OL 9 411 ¢g ZL F
ut ; tl a } r
§g I aon S ZI 8
91 I 1 Ot tL. | 6
A! ol ut CL
ys 8% I
a an ; . S
6 7 OL z= a |
1 Z SL I ial I
= aya! Il I ial I
soyou ‘Oo sougou 0) soyou me)
40K [MSIL youy] “ON | qouy] “ON |seyouy| ‘on
ur dn 4ysno1q
‘on ‘vune Ty
0}V1IG941OAUT “YS JO oz1g puv Ioquinyy
* * “satos TO9LM.
* — ‘sqep uouLUIOd
Z * ‘soTos WOULe'T
‘Q0IvT
‘fer ALIS
‘ayeys ABI
iad
‘sprvums UOUIULO*D
. . . “
‘gouoseiq,
73
*sSUT}IT AA
. * ‘syooppeyT
“ “ec
* ‘sqep ySnor SuoryT
> * ‘salOS YO9L MA
6é 66
* — *‘gqrep ToUTUIOZ
. ce 66
. . . é ‘
. . . ee
‘ooIeld
* ‘Ker Yoequsoy,y,
“Yysy-¥80
. ‘é “
. “ 66
‘sprvuins UOULULOD
* “SSUTFTT AA
‘OY, JO UodIOseq
“ULOD
‘aeyons-duiny
sunok [ £°} ‘agpbng {1
suppag (‘oR ‘snovyowouU
-uy ‘snunpng) vwuosiaqod
Dlav0jpUoUp $*a1z “epod
-adog —- ‘you-soRjing
‘eao YS
‘Ij “Ys punos pure yey
suno& Aroa {ay ‘anqgubng
a (aSeqs pooessgQ)
snuvpog ‘az ‘spodroeq
Teaqey fy “wwosuagnd
DLavojqnvuoup St ‘snqyw
-upy sabndomuay suto0d
*$2.L09UHU0) DLOW, J,
$UL0o ‘snovyounwuy
snunjyy) —"you-U10} 40g
“UL0O
‘eAo Ysy ff ‘spisnpeyT
‘y ‘agpbog ‘yf ‘spodeoeqg
yearey Moy @ Sy ‘spod
-edog —- ‘gou-s0¥jJang
s
Sunok {'} ‘snsowdsrq
‘ystq Sunod pue
‘umedg ‘eune,y sovjing
;
"Udey i
ae )
F-PF | FSS | 0-FO “AA | “ead Og 'ZT 04!
"UL"? Gh'OT |
“YPeF eune 749
9% ‘TITA.
GPP | 0-19 | 9-FG “H) NOLVug
a
T6L
G-9F | 0-GE |0-FS “M
‘uid F 04
"Y}eJ ‘und Gq]
9 oun 449
L-Gp | FIG | GPS “H | ILA NOLLvag
“panurquod
——ur'd o¢5
+04 ‘wl OTE
oun yyy
‘LA NOLLVIS
*UI04 | “OORT “que
jog | -ang | Aq “UMOp
[MBI], OUIL,
"1998 MA “ITV pue ‘eyeq
“UO14R4S
‘oinye19duls J,
*ponuyuoo—HLiog AO HLYIT "[—'688l ONIYAC ,adNVTUVS), AHL GUVOg NO ACVW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 atoory— ‘OD WIAVIL
eee one one 6 ie ° ° ° ‘OISSVIg.
oe ory eee eee ge T e ¥ "USY-480
a 6 G OL v
II 9 FL "e gL g ‘spreums towmutog
‘aaoqe sve Aouored pe = as oe ee G ; ; 4 *(reyons-durnqy
“suviy £ pooy roqze Se eg i | aT | @ |* * ‘ssa | ‘Ysy -9ep) ysy Sunok
soy Z% ynoqe opry ay bs a sie SL iL : : : ‘pop | oM9 JO ouo $y ‘spod
*@ sol0y “APO = 2 & T : : > -1yduary {3 ‘ds “‘nsnnyd
Ss PULM—Ysuy 4V 1 ao eer eg PT | T |* + ‘Sxo0ppeH | -oauog ‘14 spodedog ‘az | -yyeg
= "8S 08 “req ‘SULOYY VT one eee eae ese CL T . ° ‘ayny reg ‘con bng —4oUu-W0440q Ze
a) G9 Aouoredsue1y 2g I 1 G ) F * ‘sqep ysno.r SuorTy ‘I (a5e48 poo | LPP | T.2G | 0-FG ‘A
S$ ‘poop Ayrvou opty “| | ft | @ | for | LT | te + ‘sejos yaar | -2348Q) ouyog pearey {+1
S ‘yjoouls vas {au SF : # e ‘oybogy S¥ ‘spodvoog "ule 0g"
op) g 9 T L 9 iS 08°6
qaq ‘Azey opigIT @ fz ‘suoumtoeds | 9 8 6 Z OT T : ‘sqep woututoy | Tearery £(-029 “wursuagnd | -y4ey 04 *UL'e OZ"
Ss ood0F “ANA PULM | 901713 a 8 Se ee a LT | T | °° sefos uous | viav0jpwoupy) ‘¥ ‘sapod | gz eunr 739
ae —suluulseq 4V ~L0h) sisdosswig sale red Z 7 6 z : * ‘Ker £areyg | -adog — you-soeyzang GPP | 0-19 | 8-FG “AA| "XT NOILVIG
=
3
S "I
ae pL Ti g OL 6 eT as “TRY. suno& ‘y ‘anubny
> OL IL _It G ZL VA Spreain uwourmLog | {°F (epre) | spodeoag
S 8 am ae | ae Cl | G@ | *° ° ‘s8anIT A | Sunok fy “(a3eys poo
‘< eee see eee eee 1g I . . . ‘poo -@.148Q)) snunjog ‘WTO *panu1juoo—
FS, ‘yqo smoy G ynoqe 8 T 6 a TOL G : oa aaontaDe DLaI0JDULOU ‘urd 0G°ZT 04
opty ‘smoyzey Sp STL p ral e “er [ ‘ ; syooppeH | Sj ‘snqowny sabvdouwuay "Ul'e CF'OT
a ‘Aatoredsuesiy {4880 a -° P VA & Z ; rapeees ‘J = ‘sewwonrbuop = 9.0 aun 149
hhisn ~TaA0 fg s010F “WY 2h GL 8 & 56 i * ‘sqep Ysnor Suoy | -way f¥ ‘snovyoununf THA
<— pulmM—ystuy 4V = ee See IL t . * ‘SaTOS TOIL | SnUwH]DD --"yoU-UI0430q NOILVLS
: , : TES eee By be |
(ant JRREY soyouy| “ON |seqouy| “oN |soyouy| ‘ony og | -mg| sq meal
‘SUOTZVAIOSAQ Ieyjo | ut dn 4y8no1 : ‘Ystq Sunok pur [MeL OUT,
pure ‘Toyyea Ay “pULAL “09 euhe la i lh ‘umedg ‘eune7, o1sefog "TOYS A “ITV pure ‘aqeq
oFeIQopIAUT "YS JO ozig pue roquinyy WOTPRYS
‘ainyer1eduray,
GREE eT meee emg Ee Ce ee ea scer eee eee ee et ee ee us et
‘penwypuoo—HIAOT 10 HLA ‘[—"688T ONIUAG ,GNYIUVD, THL Guvog NO ACVW SNOILVAUESIOQ 20 aquo0nry—'O AIIVL
A ee ee ee
Z ZL 8 9 IL T * ‘sqep qSnour SuoT | Sunok f°} ‘nq7vb nrwadiAA | “Yyey
08.6% “Teq { SuULOZRE ; ay G F 9 a Sy - RF $*ULOd ‘snovyounuuy | eT -
Sy, ‘fousredsuvty J LT 6 i g p 2 ‘sqep WOULUIOY | snunppO——"you-U10z30q 8-1G | 8-FG | 7-9 “MW
{poog sanoy z A, 1veu of. ee 8 Z OL F : > libed ne ‘ *(qou UI oT A109)
apy : oyelepour vas ral e el 1 FL T : * ‘gajos uoule'yT | “fF “eao YSy (oayoo.g UL? OF LL
S‘ievejo ‘oug ‘SF.E Pkg an 6 9 OL a a : : x -01na}d) ‘yy ‘esnpey | “yey 0} “UL"8 0C'G
e010f “*AA'N PULAL TE eer ee ee a Pe ee a ; ‘3 ‘spodeoagqy Sunof | ¢T Ane 136%
—suruuiseq = 4V ST && | f9T g &G I : / * Yorefg | 4t0A—"gou - oovjang 0-29 | 8F¢9 | 9-69 ‘H | II NOMLViLg
ve fed ‘oat
a, IL I : > * “é
S, oo oe eee a ae ee -£qox) Sun04 :
is) wee wee wee eee ey = ‘s (74 “eé AIOA T ‘s1OYSP][-1oY4e J
ae ‘wm | OL G ZL g EL ba ‘spaevumms uoututoy | Sunok Aiea ‘(aaoqe
~ -pphrpwnuolia | ** Jing o% aoe OL Zz ; 4 * ‘aygdq | se saroods) ‘ay ‘spIs
3 1V **} ‘snpiny | J 6 8 02 | 6 j teeta ‘i “ape ‘°F ‘srtagdowoy,
Ss Wag Sn Nhvdngy I 6 ZL 9 FL I : - ‘sSurqiyp Ay | fay ‘agpbng sf ‘woo
S ‘suLOYyeS | + TF ‘suaqns | £8 OL Il G cI G . ; ‘ i -naT ‘9 “(-ant) msnoyd
N z ‘kouaredsuviy | spas =< "ay SIT G 0% I ZG 7 ‘ : : ‘pon | -oaog Say ‘epireg sunok
4 £qqo sanoy Z ynoge | ‘Doapua wajyspjogy | *** oe ial I CL I : * ‘syooppep | ‘ay ‘epumseg suno£
= apy faaoqe se “ow | faz = ‘vsoddnd | F I &G g 9 e . as rie eeronss aouryay
D> | purm-—gsrayg gy — | -aasmpog ‘(sourds | F1 ce. | § OL | 1 | t |: Sasp qaporsuoq | <3): ‘(uml),..umedt | (Maes
iS ‘SE0G52T | Pat Sep MAMA | tr See I e P : gs ee Ee a snovyowoumuy | LT
‘suroyyey Fe‘Aouared | otto) “az ‘sngua? | $g 1 OL F Al I : ‘sqep WOUIULOR | snwy)DD——"JoU-U0}J0O, 0-€9 | 0-9¢ | 9-6G "M
-suvi} §10yVM SIN | -nosa snuryoy | FL vA 6 6 °OL 8 ; aan Be *(sesdou
Ny ‘opty { age.lepoul 89S §-g ‘snorbaaLou il OL Cr iT FL T. . . ‘ga[Os uoUle'T -ohlay “pryav.igolna) i ‘urd eG'G
ie ‘aug ‘Azey op}qtT B | sdovydaar “eA | 6 I OL} OL Bt a Bl Fett ignore “DUYOT) — SUIOD. oxy BPIS 4 “HINT 04 “und ¢G°g
fp oo10F “A PULA ‘(s_uuppnotado way gl g GI g FG I : * Yoretg | “NpeyT :*ut09 spodeooq OL Ayue W408
Ss —Suruuiseq 4V -Jaq) SuUe[O L I LL I OL 7 ‘ayeys Avery | [eAreyT—"qou - eovjANg 8-I¢ | &-2¢ | 2-19 “H| ‘J NOILVLG
SIE Sabra il6S oer nd see eae ewe | Sa, Spa Sa De Ae, Arty aera en el we 2 Ps ESE a
F ‘ear in : "UI0} | “OORT | “QING
‘49NT [ARI seyouy) “ON jseyouy] “ON jseqouy) "ON stoi -yoq | -ang | Aq “Mop
. BAIOS I9q4o ut du yysno. SS ee ee es , ‘Ysty sunod pur ns maa’
Hay Mae 9 pial hey aa OAR L Jo WOHMMOSET | cumedg ‘euneg oSepg | “~wIVA =| aTy | pue ‘oye
O7VIGOPOAUT ‘YST JO.aezig pue 1oquinyy —__—____—___——_| ‘uolye39
. ; ‘aingesroduta J,
a
‘panuyuoo—HLaoy 10 HLYUI ‘[—'688l ONIUAd ,aNVIUYA, APL TAVOd NO GaVN SNOILVAUASAG 10 GUOOUY—'D WLIAVAL
68
69
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
EE
*SULOYYRS
e ‘fouoredsuery
*109@M YStq aIvoU
opty Sf so10y SW
PUrLM—Ystuy FV
P 'G0-0E “IUq
:suoyyey ‘Aouored
-SUBIY Spooy $ ynoge
ep} Soyelepoul vas
:oug ‘Azey 979417 &
*¢ 010% “GE PULA
--suluUulseq 4V
‘suloyyey F ‘Aousred
SURI} ‘POOH sinoy F
Ajreou opty { y8nor
eT @ tos {oug
‘Apnopo {¢ vo10F “Ny
PuLM-——Ystuy 4V
"SUOTZVAIOSGO 10730
pue ‘19q3%0 4 ‘pula,
"ay ‘snovbaawou
sdowydaay ‘wn
-pyhip wnwo
np ‘suaqns
SDULII}S FT a
‘poapua .a9sD)
-0F ‘Say “osod
-dnd w998n)05
ody ‘snquoy
-Nosd = snuryoy
eA *St.LngNna
-lado UaqIag
"FON [M@IL
ut dn 4ysnoiq
‘on ‘eunegy
9}RIGIZLIAUT
Pers 8
ey or | $8
eee 6
PL I CT
8 2 6
B ". | Be
& 7 +8
6 Gp | Far
OL OL IL
eal G tL
gI
B> Ge | Ol
if 8 8
6 r. | FO
8 cA OL
B | Gor
1 9 | SFI
soyouy| ‘ON |sotouy
NA
or)
rNMOM IN i Hrd OOD HAI OO
Yon)
ri
‘ON |[SoqoUyT] .
*YSIq JO ozIg pue JoquinNy
OOmMMOMN Mr MOMMA AAR OO Ae
‘ON
N
* Yolsuy
‘spreuins WoUlULod
. 66
LCL
. 6é
* e . pon
‘ ‘sqep Manor Sa0T
‘sqep WOUTULO(Z
: * ‘ga[os WOULe'T
. . . “c
: : * ‘Tapsuy
6s
. ce
‘spivUIns WOULULOD
. 66
. . ce
‘+ SSUTATT AA
oe
‘syooppeH
‘ayons-daiwT
Sunok Aqoa [ faz “(‘oW
‘nunog ‘srsdouol.tas))
Spisnpey ‘vssoy Sunok
Aron [ ‘'ds ‘snbuyng
‘Uuohunig pure snyopungy
sunof Ard { -a‘snsowrdsiq
snip Sy ‘atapjn ndoz
-an ‘3 ‘nq7n6 wwadizA
mar “upg esrey
Sy Quunupiou supoagy
fa *s1u.tonbuo) DLowayZ
$*U09 ‘snavyounuuyl
snun)py ——"49U-U0},0q
“(DLYoDLg
-0lnajg pure ‘spyunwu
-noyy, ‘sisdowokuay) ry
‘spisnpoyT ‘*f ‘spodeoagq
[eAre'y —— *yAu-sovjang
‘I ‘Sprs
-npoy £*F ‘(4 syruyooup)
DUP Sy ‘aayosnd
pisnvydoawog ae
‘aghjoddiyy pure uohuvig
‘aye, Jo uoydra10saq
‘ystq Sunok puv
‘umedg “euney o1selog
ae
9-89 | #-G¢ | 9-09 “AM
‘ul'd 1¢°¢
"UYe5 04 ‘urd /'T
8 Ae 140g
6-FS | 6-29 | 1-09 “HW | IIT NOILvig
*Panurquod
ns
0} “UL'® 0G°6
ATue 136%
‘II NOLLVLg
uo, | *sovz | ‘qrng
jog | -ang | Aig ‘uMOp
[Sea CURL
*IOVO AM ‘IIV pure ‘ayeq
“WOTZRIS
‘ainyeroduiay,
‘ponuijuoo—HALA0,T JO HLUI ‘[—'688l DNIVAG ,GNVIUVH, AHL AUVO_G NO AACVW SNOMLVAUTSIO 40 auooay—'O FIAVL
Part I11,—Eighth Annual Report
70
‘0¢.6@ “Teq
‘suroyyey G ‘Aousred
-suvl} Spooy $ ynoqe
apr} feyviepoul vos
fAIaMOYS ‘4Svd1IAO
*g eo10y “AT PUM
——Suluuiseq = 4V
“SULOY} RJ
fz ‘Aouoredsuvsy
:qqe2 moy [ ynoqge
ope £Z eot0y “AA
PUM —¥eruy. FV
"18.6 Leq ‘suLOyZeF
tz = ‘ouoaredsuvsy
‘ poop simoy ¢ ‘epiy
‘yjyoows vos fouy
‘Azeyq “loypzeom £7
eor0y “AA*N PULAL
—Surmuiseq = FV
*SUOLYVAIOSGG IoTO
pue ‘1oyzVe AA “PULA,
-und snhunndy
“paonjour splay
-sp ‘novapua 1a}
-spjoy pur ‘osod
-dod = sagsny0y
Moy @ ‘snarbaa
-Lou sdosydayy
Aueul poos W
‘suaqnt is
“sp fy ‘wn
ip wumuohoy
£*¥‘nynaqnow aqup
-o1ydp ‘s1uvbhypa
ofyo'T jo sueUul
-toads Tjeuls
Teqeaes {*ul0o
“plady aurpnyd
s*y ‘snqmsjoy
‘d ‘woo ‘sng
-D/NLL09 snun}
Og ‘3 “poap
-Ua MJSMjOy °°}
‘psoddnd 43980)
-0F Sy} ‘snovbaa
-Lou sdowyda st
Sea = ‘S2ugnd
-dado Ua}Q09g
‘PON [MCLL
ur dn 4y3no1q
“or VUNe
£99 R1Q0}10AUT
ia!
Q
sotouy
‘oN |soqouy
rarer oo
Yen)
—
X~ jon
oD
AtXtOoniNNr :
AN 209 6O o>
we ce
ri
1D CO rid rst
No)
N
rei
‘ON |sotpouy
‘USL JO ozig pure roqunyy
bed hadi alata MMM ONOMAN
ae ORE ae ee ee
srs
‘ONT
: ‘sqep MOULULOR
. “cc “ee
: * ‘ge[os MOuLe'T
. . ce
. . . ‘QOIR], ei
‘Ket AIeyg
‘ayeys AB.14)
. . . ‘£qox
: “JOYSe[-I9q ye 7
‘gouosviqg
* Yepsuy
ad
. .
. .
. ce
° ce ce
‘sprvums UOUIULOD
. . “
8 SSUrgTtL AA
. . . ; Pp oO fe)
. a4
: “cc iad
. ee ce
‘ ‘sqep WOULULOD
. ce «¢
: * seTos WOUleT
ee
‘ooreld
‘ Ker yoequroyy,
‘snsomdsyg smliny) “tJ
‘spodiydury Sa} ‘nisnoyd
-0aL0g pue spodrosg
[eaiey — ‘Jou-m0}jog
‘(aquag “pvyonLq
-olnayq) ‘J ‘SpisnpeyW
fr ‘uuossaynd §=—9.40907
-DWOU Y—"JoU-sovJANG
“(sqep)
SOysy dey [[eus ATaA OMY
Io ouo ‘3 ‘spodvoeq
qearey fa ‘savaqdowoy
{(sDyUnUnvoY,T, “Drvyonsg
-0ONaT ‘sesdouohiay
‘nuyog) “8 “spisnpey
$*uL09 ‘snoavyosnuuy,
snunjp)—"you-W0940q
*(*02R “wyyon.g
-0lnajq ‘nuyog) ‘woo
‘spisnpeyq ff ‘spodeoag
[Bare] —— “gou-sovyaing
‘oye, JO uotydi0seq
‘ysiq Sunok pure
‘umedg ‘suney o1selog
Lee eee eee ee ee een eee ee ee ee eS SE ee
“Yyes
0%
6-19 | %o¢ | o29 A .
MOOT ZT 09>
“YPET "UL"? GP 6
GZ | qsnsny pig
8-69 | 7-EG | 9-9°M] "A NOMVIS |
yey
9 e :
8-9¢ | 0-09 | 0-29 “AL
‘ud G°S
“Yes eres
a ANE 48T¢
G9G | 1-69 | $69 “WH |AT NOMVI§
U0} | ‘a0Ry "qn
og | -mg | Arq ‘uMOp
[MBIT, QUILT,
“19}E A “aTy | pue ‘ogeq enn as
“UOT}EAS
‘omnyerod way,
*penuyuoor—HiA0 {| 10 HLUL “[—'688l PNINAd ,adNVIUVY), AHL GUvVOgG NO aAdVvW SNOILVAUGSAO AO GUOOUY—'O WIAVL
71
BB i GS) BG ly he | ome ee
i ee eee ee
‘suLoyyey Fp‘Aouored 16. | ER Bh GR Hahei ah g | ‘spreuims uoulm0p
-SueIy ‘poo sino cI 7 ; os ‘11 ‘sasd .
z. mage opr get ea) A Rk ale ‘endenng Pe Neia
“fawd 500005 aS ci | oor what | om RE ge tS
‘OF. 6g “1eq { soroy}ey a ee G Tho o6 re So psn pa "Y4RJ
S eV ‘fouoredsuesy ‘y “wngngrbyp wes — a G a: 8 sqep YSnor Buoy | {az ‘sewsoorbu07 nvowa,y, cl
S ‘poop mnoy [ ynoqe | wnreuohapy 3 | Fy &, 19 PE). BS . cay ‘snovypounuuy | Gg BLG*
Ss ep {yzoours vas | ‘swaqnusmuagsy | °° ee! 9 er | I * ‘sqep UouLUTOD | snunjng—-"you-m0y0g sh ata Soa a
S| Aver “Spm tz | fy ‘vsoddnd | rr | g Tt ee ot ae eee “} Duyog SF “Mryooug “and
KR e010F “AN PULA | “S ‘-uroo ‘nap | TL e z tl 8 : sefOs MOWAT | -ounarg ‘'¥ ‘spodeoeq | “YyeF shed, 5 id
F —Suruurseq 4 ane TOL G FL OL ° . ce [eAare be 4 be 04 GG E
S oa Se 9959108 81 | GG - 61 T : ; * Sorerg | sn toe Me sti) ee qsnsny pig
2. ~ ; . :T POU-VOVJING 6-8¢ | 8-G¢ | 1-99 H | TA NOLLVvig
: Pr eet aig ale 32 ek gere ste
S ears
iS 6 8 OL | FL | $IL | OL | *‘spxeums uourut0
m9 8 SU }) BOL | Wee. 5) EL by) Se SUIT AA
>> a 18 § TOL G SI ji Ls . . nae eG
= snjorpow | FL eee T . 3 teen aes
& ep Smoyyey | snphiyy pues} 6 I OL 1 | dy |- ay
B Fo ‘ouaaedsuvsy | ‘snaunin swhzy | FOI q] Sp 19 : “If ‘sonyununny.y,
FS, “1OYVM YSIY Io “pooy | ‘wznaynon ajrp Li by 1) MOL 4) aS) EEL Bee gree ees | ee Say ‘sisdouoh.vap
. Ajarvou epry ‘qjoours -oyd py wngnpb be an &Z iL i D . ‘oq any, ew puyog ig nn bog . :
ey ves furet yin | -2p uumenonaiy | <y a G 9 “6 . “ ‘é ian a eae ie uo St ih
S| ‘soma tz 20105 “ag | souremp oa | ex | & | a | @ ler | tI A «| Suz ‘syuvoonbu0) ‘osout es
> PUM—ystuy FV -ounop ‘snaumd | G | IT G TOL I ‘ ‘sqyep ySnor Buoy | -az Scag ‘enon ih
Yor un ral Z SOT I ? are F ryoLnuut qsn3ny pig
TOS MOUM | snunpng *(vq7nb mrsadh A ‘A NOLLVLG
; seyouy] “ON |Seqyouy] “ON |soyouy] *o ; : ‘
, _ “YON [MRI], yqouy) “ON ur0g | ‘a0
suOyeAIOsqO Joyo | utdn yysnory “Vd “mg Aa "ULALO
pue Toyzee Ay ‘pur, | “ow ‘vuneg ‘oye, JO UoTydra108 ‘ast Sunok pue <i =e ee 4
fal . yo worndosog | cay th [avery UML,
qeIqo1OAuUy -ystg Jo oz1g pue requinyy § wuney o1S9e[oT TOYeAL ‘Ity | pue ‘eyed
: a WOlZe4S
‘91nzerod ula y,
“panuuyjuoo7—H.Luo ‘tT:
10 HLYI ‘J—‘688l ONIUAG ,GNVIUVY, AHL Guvog NO AAVNW SNOILVAUGSIOQ FO GUONTY—'D AIAVL
Part III—Kighth Annual Report
72
"€9-62, “Ted
{suroyyey $¢ ‘Aout
-vdsueiy fqqo simoy
Z ATmy opty * [Teas
Ayr1oysve { oyerepoul
was ‘Ara MOYs ‘APNoTo
‘G 90103 “AN PULAL
—Suruaiseq = 4V
‘sm0yyry F ‘Aousred
-suviy {poop samo
g ynoqe ep ‘¢
so1oy “AANA
pumM—ysy +V
29.6% “Teq ! WOYZRy
S, ‘Aouorvdsuvsy
$ poop sarn0y Fz juoge
opty :oze1opoUl vas
‘guy ‘Apnojo fg ao10}
“MSA PUM
—Suruuiseq = 4V
*SUOIZVAIOSGG 1940
pur ‘1ay4vo Wy “PUL
*} ‘snyyun
“Ip nqojourjoy
i ‘sn pLvy
-ulay snunbod
ee LL
-birp wn wwokay
$a ‘sngnp.voa
snjoprydwpy
{(wayouq) “I “as
-Lvs DYpVT ‘°5
“poapua ays voy
‘+3 ‘nsoddnd 139s
-DJOY MAT *ULOD
“pamMjOUur SDUWLI}
-sp {*wio0o ‘sua
-Qnt 8D21.00]S F
“FON [MULL
ut dn 4ysn01q
Son ‘vunegy
‘94 R1IQ9}IOAUT
mor)
rH
ia!
sotouy
Gy
I ) 9 g
< {IL I FI
T TOL G
Lalo
™~
=
mRNA RIOR
8 T
ae
ee: cI | %8 LT
G, ia: | s i |: 5
I Bie: i |. 3
ee a
a
! 9 8 II
Z a ae a; | 3
F G ¢ 9 99°
oF 118 oT 158 I
ee & 2a T
I ar | ¢ | fer | Tt
Sper TS Beer ace
g Ht |) G/L She |= 8
rl ‘6 ;
fel | &
‘ON sop “ON so ‘ON
‘YSly JO ozig pue Jequinyy
‘ayng
Arey YoeTq eT94VT
“eqep. wens pow!
, * “SaTOS TOT A
, ‘squp UOULULOD
* ‘g[os Woule'T
. . ‘QDI ia
: ‘gouoSeiq
* Fepsuy
. » “66 a4
‘sprvuims WOULULOY)
rt SBUTFTTL AA
e» . poo
: ‘ ‘syooppe
. a aiGe Ce
* ‘sqep Ysnor Suo'yT
. . 6 ce
. « 6¢ cc
‘ Sqep ToWITTO/D
Tye “ce
* ‘saTos UOTHA'T
. . “ce
- ‘Ker Arre4g
‘aqyeys ABD)
‘aye, Jo uordiasoseq,
‘snoryounuuy,
-DyvQ — *yeu-Wl0z40q
‘(jou
ul 97991] Aaos) Jeyons
-dwiny Sunod & {aj ‘Spts
-npeyt {ay ‘apypabog 2°F
*21WO0S.L990A D.L9IOJVUOU Pr
52% SsnU
fy ‘snovyounumuyf = snu
-D)DQ — *yeU-sovjINg
‘poo Sunok Ar9A {07x
‘puyog ‘spyUunwnnyy
Solag ‘nryonwgouna) 7 )
‘uloo ‘spisnpey ‘*y ‘a7
-phog © ¥'("unl) ntadh Fy
**¥ “p121)G0 OPSVMIAYJDLDT
‘““spodoztyog = AT}SoUL)
‘e ‘sUBODRISNID, [VAIV'T
“e ‘snovyownwmuy snuD
12) — *“qou - WOFFOT
‘(qou ur of9gT] Atoa) 5°
‘ds ‘snynuvunnyy ‘3 ‘ds
‘puyog ‘$1 ‘spodeoeg
[VAIV'T —"Jgou-90BjANg
‘ysl Sunok pue
‘uMmedg ‘eune jy O1Sv[oq
yyey
“TZ
Z.08
Be suc
8@
9-1¢ | §-€9 | & Fo “HW
T-G¢ [2-9 “AA
it
FE | 0-89 0-29 “MM
“UgRy |
&G
0-69 | @L¢ | 8-€9 “H
"wlog | oovy | “qing
jog | -mg | Arq
“TOPE AL “IV
‘oanye19d ule J,
“‘panuyvoo—HALA0g 10 HLUIY “[— ‘6881 ONIVAd ,dNVTUVH), AHL duvod NO AGVYW SNOILVAUASIO AO GUOOTY—'D ATAVL
‘urd g 04
"Ul ‘d GG "e
AVL 749%
‘TITA
NOILVLG
eo o°g 04
‘urd $3 '%
gsusny pug
‘ILA NOViS
‘uUMOp
[Aer], OUILY,
pue ‘ageq
“WOT}RFS
Sn ST rc Peer Fe Scere ee eM CRCRMGEES DIESUTAS ome me ca ca
73
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
"SULOY RI
Sg = ‘Kouoredsuvay
£qqe smoy z A[reeu
SPELL Mame 2V
T9-66, “TB
fsumoyyey Sp ‘Aouor
-edsurty $ 1ogeVm
ystqy “opty * prem
-ysva UWOIf T[OMS
£YSnol s99I[ & BES
¢ AIOMOYS ‘4SVO1BAO
$g 00103 “AN PULL
—Ssuruurseq 4V
“SULOTI VT
Cc ‘fouoredsuesy
‘qqa sanoy F AT[NJ
opi} *¢ 9010} “AN
Ora eres ry
"STLOT}VAIOSGG 10730
pure “royyee AA “PULAL
oN Sah
ur dn 9ysno0iq
“on “euney
aqVIqeyIOAUyT
:4Ol
QUA
Sich SIGN GO tirat
ree :N :0Mnm~c
rom ots rN OO SHINN 1OD ON
COSHH 2: OOO ir
"YSty JO ozig pur soquin yy
Nn NROTMMONAARANR Her
MANN NAAM e
seyouy| ‘on |soyoug] ‘ont |soyouy| ‘on
pee “YSy-4%)
: : * 9QIssBIg
. “ 2G
‘spreuins UoUlwW0D
. ce
. ‘ . ‘omg AT
8 SS8UTATT AL
. . . Pel Sa
« . ce
; * ‘syooppeyL
Macs
* + {S9TOS YOTAL
a3 (a4
‘sqep WOULUIOD
: * ‘qep uoweT
ce ce
(4 ce
‘sprvuins U0WUWOD
. . . ‘aug AT
. ce
8 SBCA TT AA
‘+ Sy00ppeH
‘oyey, JO worydiioseq
"UL0d “M1999
-OINIT "3 ‘wyving
Say ‘(snyopung = ‘sdou
-ydaaT) ernioey Sunok
S*} svwsoobuo) v.0L0way
UL0d ‘snaryounuUluy snu
-p]DQ — Zou - WOQ0q
; ‘J ‘eao Ysa
{ pjagsnu n)j90K7 Sunok
e@ {(naunin ‘nrjauny
:SUIOJ [[VUIsS Jeq40
pue “prvyovsgoina) g )
‘ul0o ‘spisnpey, f*f ‘sdow
-ydaay Sunok Axa {uL090
‘2LUos.Laqnd DLIIOJDULOUP
°y ‘seutoabuo) nLoway
iy ‘snovyoumwmuy =snu
-un) DQ — *you-eoVJANG
“ayONs
-dammy sunok Aroa & {°F
‘spisnveyq{ {uL09 ‘angyuhng
:ulod =“eIntIoVy, eyo
pue ‘wohunig Sunok
ee
‘Yystq Sunok pue
UMVAYG “BUNT OISe[Og
-yog | -ang | Arq
“TOPE AA “ITV
"Y7eF
8%
8-1¢ | ZG |0-Fo “MA
"YeT ‘utd 0¢'T
& A[NE 449%
9.67 | 6-&¢ | L-¢ ‘H |"XI NOlLvig
“panunuor——
‘ud g 04
“i'd ¢c"g
AINE 449
‘TTIA
NOILVLS
‘w0y | ‘aoey | “qing
‘TMOp
[MI], OUILY,
pue ‘oyeq
“MOT}RIS
‘ainqeroduia y,
— ‘panuzquoI—HLUOT AO HIATT “[—‘688I PNIVAC ,GNVIUVD, AHL CUVOG NO ACVW SNOLLVAUASIO 10 quooay—'O AIAVL
Part III,.—Eighth Annual Report
74
qeou opt} £4ySI]s
vos {dup ‘Azey
‘g oor0y “AA PULA,
——suruulseq = 4V
*SULOY YLT
z ‘ Sousredsuesy
‘poop mmoy [ ATnj
} SPLL GPE: ny
‘ZL-0E “Teq ¢ WoYZRF
I ‘ousredsuvly
‘qqe sImoy ¢ ynoqe
epy ‘fqyjoouis vas
euIysUNS YIM ouy
qnq ‘Azey eT} &
*Z-[.9010F MA PULA
— suruurseq 4V
"SUOTPVAIOSGO 19T}0
| pus “r1ey79 AA “PUL
/
smiwagsp {ay
‘prapUI LAISD]OY
pue ‘fay ‘sod
-dnd sayspjogy
‘ds ‘wniwp
-uapngy ‘Myo
“nf vrumUjyDos
-pliAy tS wnqnjb
1p wnuoiny
:swwobyna obj0'T
‘ay ‘wnyop
un wnuwong
ay ‘snpuny
-ulaq sninbnd
ny Say ‘sny
-unip pngojow
-49P fay ‘spi
-aysp ‘Lagsnj0y
f-utoo §=‘snarhiaa
-Lou sdowyda at
"eA = ‘$2.007N9
-dado Uapad
“JON [MBIT
ut dn 4ysno1q
‘on ‘euneg
A4BIG9}L9AUT
, 7 P l
OL | 6 ec | Ol} St 4 8
Ut 0 ol A A es
SI | Zo 1 Sl SF ie | Ss
= a ae 93 | F
a ae me 1 1 een t
42 | @ IE | & ae ae
te CG. tl S i &
i. * 3a i oz | a
if I z Gg 6 #Z
a | ee (ar 1 at i ae 2s
tt dG vi at oa 1k
5 |e 91 6 Ss. | £
ie 1-2 io | 8 mi
le GC. 1G C. a
he ee } : a
L Z| 6 OT hr 1. €
1 . |e ¢ | %6 g
~ C. 5 C.
Sy |- It | | Bl te Tt
eee woe aoe eco 89 Z
ar i pe 1 ey Be ia Te
7 = wi a ae
3 i. =| L i r
; 9 I 6 4
S1 | 9 a oa
soyouy,; “ON |seyouy] “ON jsoyouy) “ON
‘YSIq Jo ozIg pur toquinyy
. . ce ce
: * ‘gatos UOWA'T
. “é
. . .
‘Q01e[g
. . 6 “cc
* Yoeysuy
‘sprveuins WOULULO*:
+ ar1eayovUl-es1op{
. ‘ Surly
6c
‘pop
‘sqyooppeH
. 74 cc
* ‘sqeup Ysno1r Suo'T
. ‘sqep UOWIULOD
* « 66 ce
: * ‘gatos UOULe'T
. . . “é
* . . *Q01¥]. a
* = Ker youqusoyy,
‘ker £1e49
* . ce 73
‘ageys AVI
‘aye, JO wor4ydiiosaqy
‘} ‘spis
-npeyq [Tews f*y ‘saeooe,
-snig yearey f°} ‘spod
-odog—"gou sovjing
‘Usy punol [[VUIs OM4
Io ouo {Ij “‘spisnpey
f'ut0o ‘agpbog Sy ‘srwaz
-dowoj ‘ay ‘sqouerq
-jouey pue spodory
-seg ofiquio ‘agfijodday
pue wuobunig sunok
Sy ‘spodoziqog [eareTyT
fy ‘snyouso sishpy **af
‘“yosps ‘“nsnnydoaig
SJ s7w10nbuo) vLoway
Sy ‘snavyoupwumyf smu
-DIDQ — *yeu-WI0940q
‘pyawnp *Iy leche
[Tews f:ut0o (sdowydayr
‘eindyovig) UBsoeIsNIAy)
[varie] — ‘you-soejing
‘ystq Sunof pue
‘umedyg “euney oLselog
‘urd ZT"G
“yyey 04 *uUl’ CP gS
GT wsnsnVy 463
8-69 | G99 | 6-29 “H | “IT NOMVLS
"G3
8T
8-79 | 199 | L€9
‘utd 0% 'ZL OF
“YPeS “UES SEOUL
ial ysnsny 981g
Lg¢g | ggg | 4-09 ‘I NOLLVLS
“U4 ‘20Uy ‘qn
jog | -mg | Aq ‘uMOp
[Mer], oul,
*19YV AA “ITV pure ‘ojeq
-- “MOT}ELS
‘oinyzeiod ula y,
eee I ___<_<<_
‘pONUYU0OI—-HALUO,T JO HIATT ‘[—'688l DNIUAG ,GNVIUVD, AHL GUvOg NO WAVW SNOMLVAUESIO 40 GUONTY—'D ATAVAL
75
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
*SULOY} RT
Z ‘fouoredsuesy
{ pooy sunoy Zz ynoqe
SPRL Weis * SAV.
"Og “Teq { WlOYZeT
I ‘fousredsuvsy
{104M MOT IveT Opty
‘yzoours ves fAsSojy
*G-T 80405 “AA PUT AA
--Suruuiseq IV
‘swoyyey ¢ ‘foua
-rvdsuely {qqo jo
qsIy opty ‘£ Yjoours
Pe 7 NBR uy’
"68-66 “Bq
‘suloyyey ¢ ‘Aousred
-SUBI}Z {107VM SIT
-nbvdngy yyeuts
‘J‘svusooynuwp
snyppuvg pure
va
‘$n90}0.L0090
sokyy S$} ‘snqws
“204
PS ea a)
-DINALOD SNUNY
-L0g
-barsou sdowyd
$-uL09 ‘sna
“OAT $°@ ‘stun)nd
-lado Uapag
“poom-Bos pure
“‘pyainpy “wunzn)y
-uhrp
-~1V
wnwola
SIy ‘stn
-no.lado Uajqoag
<r
ofyo
‘s1upbyna
1T sunok
Sy “ds ‘wnesp
Uapng °° ‘nan
-yof
DASNY T
‘J ‘sngpsjoy snu
-NL0g SIZ ‘sno
-WHaarsou sdowyad
-ONT
<3 “ojns
“Ol wrbygovydo
se
‘swaqnl
*SUOTZVAIOSGO I9qY4O
pus “Toy}eO AA “PUT AL
‘ON [WRIT
ut d
n 4y.sn01q
“on “eune yy
09 81qQo}10AUT
Gani < I
6 8 5S a a
SG I 8 g oy ST
£9 1 OL u ST il
¢ 6 | & p G S
9 et 1 | % at
4) L 6 p OL 1
nae Ss 9 a 9 i a 1
tl ri Ph : P
II Ge | $1 ial ial 9
al I 1G I An aay 3
5 = LT I
. eee . g yh
6 G OL I FL g
re S91 I
1 Sj
8 L OL I sr | <8
8 6 GE 1.9: eee Lee
a Oi 9 : ae
IZ Z | 41 Z I :
Gl G, A a Lge
) z 6 g _Il j
oe 0. + ane ¢
§9 0Z 6 go . | 36T I
seyouy| ‘ON |soqouy] “oN |soqouy] ‘on
‘USI JO oz1g pue soquinyy
ce (a4
‘sqep ysnox su0T
‘sqep WOULUOZD
66 ce
* ‘sa[0s MWOULaT
6¢
‘eoreld
‘aqeys yoequszoyy,
: * Fepsuy
66
oe
‘spreuins UoWUIOD
« e ‘Surly
66
" SSUTgTT AA
. e 4 po fe)
ce
‘ ‘syooppeyL
‘sqep YSsnor Suo'T
ce ce
‘sqep WoUlULoD
Oye, jo uondi1oseq
i ‘(nasnpydoalog
‘sdowyda vy ‘uohunig)
eooejsnig Sunok AidoA
$I ‘S2Usoribuo) DLOWAT,
Say ‘svwanbuo? §=snig
Sy ‘snoeyounwuy snu
-D)DQ — “you-WOoy,Og
(you Ur
TTT ATAA) “Ff “oayovug
-OLNAIT ¢°} ‘swesoeqsnig
[earey —‘gou-soezing
‘IJ ‘eepisnpoy [[eurs
Sy ‘salagdowoy £"ul0o
‘aypbpg <u10s ‘spodor4
“sey ofiquie { (msnnyd
-oalog §=‘sds ‘seshp)
epodoztyog {(s1oq}0 pue
UobuUnA) eplreg xeprans
-ednqy) ‘woo “‘esorysnip
sunok Ara {'} ‘spod
-tydury "3 ‘sxusoowbuo)
ploway, sy‘snovyownmwy,
snunjyg— you-W0} Og
‘Ystq Sunod pur
‘umedg ‘euney olselog
Ses
G-9¢ | 1-99 | 9-19 *H
. ‘urd GP ZL
"OFRJ 0} “UL"G 0Z OT
$L qsnsny 440g
GGG | §-G¢ | ¢-¢¢ “M|IIT NOlLvaig
*panurjquod
—urd ZI°¢
"YyeF 0} ‘urd GF"g
ZL ysusny 136%
0-G¢ | G.¢¢ |0-9¢ “AA | “II NOILVIg
"UI0} | “soRy | “qing
“jog | -mmg | Aiq ‘UMOP
—— Tet, OU,
"199 AA “ILV pure ‘ayeq
“HOT}R4S
‘omnyerod ula, ;
‘penuyjuod--HL40O,t dO HLUI ‘I—'688l PNIUNGC ,GNVIUVD, THL AuUVOg NO AACVW SNOILVAUASAQ AO GUOOTY—'O ATAVL
—FHighth Annual Report
t LLL.
Pa
76
a ————
| ~ a
‘suloyyey z ‘Aoucred
-sueiy {poop sinoy G
qnoqe eply qyyoouls
was £@ ad10Fi “A
PUM-—Gstay V
‘Og “Teq { sULOyzRT
Z ‘fouoredsuviay
{poop smmoy Fz
Ajreou opty Sqyoours
wos ‘Azey “4sevo10A0
GL 90105 ** AA PULA
—Suruuiseq 4V
*SUOTIVAIASGG 10q}O
pur ‘r1oyyvo A “pul,
“SDLIS
£Duysnjgq “Dr.0)
-141aK ‘Du
-UNUP DLLDINU
“Uap 340)
200 = puyDyg
oe | “p...adp
auyyd ‘snipp
-09 s2ydD.L9S0JDU
-wQ Sf .‘swnb
-yna ofjoT Sut
-£11e0 9U0 “BAO
Surkareo AUUL
s‘uloo = ‘snarhaa
-lou sdowydaay
SJ ‘snqpsjoy
‘d sap ‘snqoines
-L09 Snun}log
e@ -A SS1uD7NI
-ado Ua,
gb Coys)
‘pynapnf DIWUDUL
-oephywnvep
-uapny Dip
“Nyy “Duysnygy
cap Sods. “Gone
“JON [MOLL
ut dn 4yysnoiq
“ow ‘vune gq
97¥1qQ0}10AUT
9
rat
1g
om
&8
soyouy
7 $y
g 4
I
9
‘fee
5
8 )
eT | 2
€ él
OL | OT
io -| #1
% ZL
€. | 48.
§e
cI | OT
‘ON |soqouy
ri
GaN
TOOLO HARA AMR OON ir
Or
™~
Ort teste
‘ON |soyouy
‘Ystq JO ozig puv 1oquInN
N
ra
a)
OmAnANre
‘ON
. . . ‘ £qo y
: * — qaquoseiqg
“cc
e ce
. ce ce
‘sprvuins WOULULO/
‘SOUT AL
‘pop
* ‘sqep ySnor Suo'T
‘slopunop iy
‘ iss
. ‘
. “ ce
: ‘sqep WoULULOY)
: * ‘gejos uoUle'T
. . . “ce
. . . “ce
‘Q0Iel
: * Ya[suy
‘gpreuins UOUIULOR
. . . ‘ougaT
‘sSUTTT AA
‘aU, Jo worydizoseq
‘Ij ‘spisnpoyq [[eurs
f'ul0o ‘appibogy SF ‘sue
“Iprosy [earey fF, ‘82.97
-dowoy, ‘3 ‘spodorysex
ofiquia ‘(‘oR ‘uohuns)
‘sdowyda jy) ‘ay “eo0e4sn1y
yearey {°F ‘snovyounwuy
snUnpp)— "yoU-W10} 40g
‘ul0o ‘pijainp %*} ‘eps
—Npeyq [[eus SF “evoey
-snig ypearey, ‘fy ‘spod
-odoy, — *you-s0Rf.ng
E;
‘gpisnpoyq [[VUIs SF ‘s2.0a7
-dowoj, ‘woo ‘agbng
£ (Ur00nVT Qual
‘cunpwng) ‘ay ‘spod
-o1jsexyy pue syouBIqI{ye
-urey Sunod Arad {'¥ “ds
‘snbyoy) ‘3 ‘spodrydury
‘ysl Sunod pus
‘umevdg “euneg o1svlag
m0} | ‘aovy | *q[ng
“pod | aug Aig ‘uMOpD
[MBL, OUTY,
*IOYV A “ILV pue ‘oyeqg
“M01484g
‘ounyerod ura J,
4
9-99 | 0-29 “AA
‘ud F 04
‘urd 0% 'T
qsnsny 430g
0-29 | 6-89 “H |’AT NOILVLS
“panunjuod
—ur'd ¢F°Z1
04 “UL"e 0G'OT
qsnsuy 430g
‘TIT NOILVLG
“‘panuyuoo—Hitoy JO HLYUIT ‘[—‘688l PNIUAd ,dNVTUVH, FHL auvog NO ACVYNW SNOILVAUASAO i0 auo0ry—') ATAVL
77
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
qnoqe epi fygoouls
wep — RE
"88-63, “224
S{suloyyey g ‘AOUOL
-edsueiy ‘ poop
Fe. shoqe= =eph
{ZU SI][S Bes {4svoT2A0
fg 9010F “AX PUL
—-Suruutseq VW
‘sutoyyey Sg ‘Aousred
-suei} {poopy simoy
z Any opty ‘aaoqe
sv Bas pue ‘IoY}VOM
“pul ——Ystuy 4Vv
"68-66 “TB
‘sumo gy ey fp ‘Aousred
-SUBI} { 109VM MOT
qnoqe opt} ‘4USITs
eos {are “4sevo10A0
"G a0T0F “AX PULA
—-Suluuiseq + 4V
*SUOT}VAIOSAG) IOTT30
pue “Tayyee AA “PULA
"I ‘snyqzupip
pqojouyop at
‘sr.pbyna obyoT
Trews fy ‘voap
ua ‘g Sy “psod
-dnd agsp)0s
$y “ds ‘snag
-sp fy ‘snowaa
-Lou sdowyda ay
"UL09
‘s2uoh)na ohyoT
Trews [ snnb
-4Un SNSNT
a ‘snyqun
“Up DQojounpoy
Sum “ds ‘sn2.t39
Sp f°} ‘snowbaa
-ou sdowyda ar
"SON TACLL
ut dn 4ysno1q
“on “euney
09819} 1OAUT
soyouy
SOO Sir RCO sie rl
bo
=
diararia
SQN 0O '¢
uo
‘re
sH
:H
iH
‘ON |soyouy
AMOnMANn eS
rei
(=)
ri
Or
for) =H
rei ri
PDO AAA Ee NA
din
OD
re
:Oonrnws
= 8T
‘ON |[Soqouy
‘USI JO ozIg pue Joquinyy
. . . ‘goqany,
: ‘aqep enor sue]
: ‘sqep UOUIWIOD
. ce 6é
; * ‘gatos MOULe'T
. 66
Nr
‘ooIeld
* Saqeys youquioyy,
moo O19 oars
: : * Vepsuy
66
° é
‘sprvuins UOULUIOD
. . iT
‘sSurqTYy MA
6é
“poo
66
‘syooppey,
* “goqany,
cé
. ce
* ‘sqep YSsnor suo'y
: ‘sqep WOULULOD
: * ‘se[os UOUIe'T
. 6
. . . *Q0TR] a
‘ker ATTeYG
* ‘ageys Lory)
AAW AN ONTO NRA eH NTA HHA
‘ON
‘aye, Jo uo1ydttoseq
uohunsy) Bunok £19A £*IZ
‘snsourdsig snphap ‘*¥ ‘ds
‘snbyng ‘*} “vuunwpsow
auppoag If ‘svusoovhuo7
DLOWAT —*4OU-U10440q
} Spisnpeyy
[Tews puv fy ‘spodeoaqy
qearey fy ‘sevutasbuo?
sprig) — “you - soRjing
‘FU 55
‘sprljouup [[eUuIs ‘*UL0o
‘aynbog say ‘sdowyda ar
pue wuosunig sunok
AqoA {ay ‘qQ?065 wrisad
-ifT ‘13 ‘nsouadsiq snjz
-igp fay Auapyp vdoza yy
fay ‘s2u.s001huo)? DvLow
AZ fay Ssnovounmwy
snunjp)—"jou-U0740g,
} ‘SpIsnpeyq
[Tews £ (4 sdowyda ar
sunof) ‘utod “eaoeysnig
[earel f*y ‘snowdhy snind
-0.0qUa) SJ ‘svusonrbuo)
ploway sy ‘srvwambwoz
spig —— ‘you-s0Rjng
‘ystq Sunod pure
‘umedg “eune,y o1se[eg
a
"YFeF
cL
0-GG | 9.69 |8-L9°M
‘urd 0¢'Z
"YyeJ 04 ‘utd 0¢"T
fg ysnsny 446%
8-FG | 6-9 | F149 “HLA NOLLVIS
“Yyes
96
6-G¢ | €-¢¢ | 8-26 A
‘urd OF ZT
“UPB OF “UL"e GS"OL
62 qsnSnV 446%
0-GG | L-¢ | 8-69 °M | “A NOMVI§
"uo, | ‘aovy | “qrng
jog | -mg | Aig ‘MMOD
[ACI OUT,
“1098 MA ‘ITV pue ‘ayeq
“MOTZRIS
‘oinyzerIedula J,
a
‘panuyuoi—HALiog 10 HLYIT “I—'688l DNIVNG ,adNVIUVH, FHL aduvog NO AdvW SNOILVAUASAO 40 GXOOUY—')D AIA ViL
Part II], -—Kighth Annual Report
78
‘sutoyyey @ ‘Aouared
-suviy 'qqa samoy G
qnoqe ep ‘fysno4r
We Ha, . “VY, :
"E1.6G “TVG ‘SuULOyzeS
T ‘Aousredsuesy
-qqo sey ATTng
apy fozerepout ‘eas | fy “ds ‘snags
aqrey “gsvor0Ao ‘9 09 | f*7 “ds ‘uagspjogy iL I +e) V4 IL T 7 * SSurgIT A
G e010F “AA PULA | fap ‘Dauvfip pue | Fog T L T gy I * ‘sqep YSsnor SuoTyT
—Ssuyuurseq = VW | Dyaunposrey | "| # LL ET SR) Pop be) eee
. 3 OL cc ce
8 sr | OL | 9 ZL | § | ‘sprains uoulu0D
or | 1 rh Ss GE Be ey OU
ae él I LT I ‘ ; a ‘pop
eee IL Z . . ‘ E
‘suroyzey ¢ ‘Louared GL if iat T ECT [ ; * ‘syooppeH
“SUBIZ Spooy SINOY F ca % ¥G T ; ‘ °F
soyouy] ‘ON |soqouy ‘ON jsoyouy| *o
SuUOL}e O 0 bes aa iis ica Ge ‘ Te :
‘SUOLPVAIISY(C IY] ut dn 4y8noa :
pue ‘1oy4vo Ay ‘puray| ‘ox nity ooo, 70 uedrmengy
9PBIG9}1OAUT ‘USL JO ozIg pue Joquinyy
T[eus {*j ‘sprjsuuy [peurs
:*} ‘spodoseysexy oAIQuta
fx ‘snsowdsig snjhipy
Sr. Sds ‘ontbyop 63
snovyounuuy, ‘snun7z0—)
“spodoztyog ‘wofunsp
‘emAyovig) ‘woo “eooRy
-Snig [vArIeyT pue Sunof
AIVA — ‘you-tu0yyog
"y ‘spuyywnu
NOY TL ‘J ‘sasdowo
“hag Sy ‘uobunig puwe
spodoztyog Sunof AIA
fay ‘sdowydaay Sunok
AIaA — ‘gou-sovjing
‘soysy punor Sunod £19
fay ‘spodoaysexy o£1q ute
id ‘swwagdowoy { “uloo
~ "UI09
‘aypbng Say ‘spisnpoy
‘oyjubny ‘sdosydayy pure
‘ystq Sunok pur
‘umedg ‘euney o1selog
Wyes
61 :
8-FG | 0-99 | 0-89 “H
“OLS G8
“YFeS 0} “Ur"e ZG"9
TOL : qsnsny 199Z
GGG | 0-9 |0-99 “AA | ITA NOLLVLS
“panuiyuoo
=" UI ‘d 02'S
(04 ‘und 08'T
qsnsny 436%
‘TA NOILVIS
‘ul0g | ‘9oVT | ‘qing ie
“jog | -ang | Aig ‘uUMOp
| [AVIT, CULT,
“LOPE AL ‘ITV pure ‘ogeq
UOI}eYS
‘91nqeIodulay,
‘panviyuoo—HIAOT LO HIN I—'6S8l PNIUAG ,GNVIUV), THL GUvOg NO AGVW SNOLLVAUISEQ JO aGUODTY—'D AIAVL
“Yyes
= re el i ‘y ‘suvIplosy | JZ
> ‘ Tra -yp wnruolo B : G 9 es cee :
*poo [tVou. |. 1) : 1 ‘ ‘ VwUDUL | &, -9G |§-9G "AM
aly {oyes0pour Ys Sy ‘snyuo| g | 6 : Or is abt EY ee Lat. Sebo. ati ee ath | urd eFT 09
‘ured §=4USTs . YytM | -yp wqojouyoy | | ** G Coes -qo ue sdowydaar | “qyey "Wwe 8E'TL
‘Kzwy “4seor9ao +¢-F | f*¥ ‘nsoddnd es ey a ‘8 3 oe i ees ous ‘iy ‘suu papi ea qasnsny 44/z
90.10 : ULM | -SM70G" -8NdII =: It iG ‘ . : x -—"q9U-a0R]INn ‘ J L1G “| XINOMLVIg
= surauieg ? WV | -vousdouydayr | ** ame 2 ae) | a ea) ae es ‘OOIv[_ | DuOwaT ——*Z0U-SdeJING | 0.2 | j a Lg
: : " qsyreO
at } ‘ ‘ * Fopsuy
Be L . : * SIssvIg
s ‘ 73
2 Ty ea Se aa | iis
S Ol -8 Sr 1 Bl Dia le Ge seteue
S (‘sumstueS10 mez | Sg 0g OL L IL P ea pe dua punt
” AI0 A ) "peo = a IL & = E : . “c sunof A19A OMY IO
=~ eas pue D1} : “ euo {ys ‘expisnpoy {°F
<s -Snyq Jo syueut | ¢g F 6 st OT GG |i. ee (quooppen, eat ae rie ToyyO fT}
a 5 Fab aa dl ano | S| aE | | Se i ‘ombng 1 “ssaqdowo,y
S iy susroasny | 4 le ea Z oa 9 é 2" * sqep ySsnor suo7T | fy - ‘snsourdsiqg snip
S See tbs ea mainly. Sy g S| 78 q lt : . ‘safos Wout, | ff — ‘wqyn6 — pewadhy
S| epi — ysray av | ‘onyrwmp wqoo | ter | tT | gt | tr | st | & |: 4 a a edn ont eee
> ‘suroyyey fg ‘Aouored | -uyop Sf ‘sngua SS at) ‘sqep uourm0g | ‘wohunug pur sdowydarr | “YYez
= -suUeI} £6.64 ‘“Ieq | -2nasSa sl a Sl o& 8. SI | 16 v : i cc Sunok $7 ‘s2usoobu0) | 0G
= eae ere a ar ee oh a ip * Safos uoWeT | vLowazy Sy ‘snoryowmwmuy | 3.FG | ZCG |ZEG°M| “u'd cov
“3 apy foyeropom ves | sn.99s7 - ft or 9 aol I as 5 : : “a snp) —~"4a0-W10}40q } 04 ‘urd z's
Ry furel 4YSITs YIM | “‘woapua ‘gy SF, 3B 8 Tél OL gy G Ne - orig ‘7 ‘sprsnpoyy fy ‘sdow | “yyey asnSny 43/Z
~ fae tae ‘CF eee ae at : a ; = L - ‘Ker yorquaioyy, | -ydaar Sunok $7 ‘spod | 9z ava
goroy. ** ULM | -206' *"F ‘sna a ca ae 4 — -n9u- ; ; .9¢ ° NOLLVL
i = surauysoq 2 Bi -dou sdowyda ay a ne i 61 i ‘ayeys Lor | -adop qou-oovjing | 1-89 | 9-o¢ | 3-99 ‘A
iS) - fig Se aadiienn
SS | | 1 ay ad Se ‘U0} | “ooVF | “Qing
| seqouy| “ON |seyouy] ‘oN |[seqouy| “oN -jog | -ang | Aug “uMOp
FON TL ‘ysl Ssunok puv [Mer], SULT,
‘eueHEAtosg ( JemyO..) UL dn iqenodg ‘OMB JO woNdWOseT | uedy euneg o1epog ‘oye | TY | pue “oye
pure ‘raT3vVo AQ “PUTA ‘ow ‘euneqT : ‘MO1}R49
a | HERL SSO Pweg EN ‘omnyerod uray,
‘panuyuoo—HLYOT JO HLYIT ‘[—'688l DNIYAd ,.GNVTUVy, FHL GUuvOg NO GAVW SNOILVAUGSAQ 40 GNONTY—'O FIAVL
—Highth Annual Report
Part IT.
80
‘suloyyey Z ‘Aouered
Pin cn GRO te My
399-66 “24 S1OZBA
sty ‘opty ‘suroyyey
$, ‘Aoueredsuvsy
A Teas 4YSITs
‘eos ‘Azeqy <AIOA
°G SIO ‘EN PULAL
—-Sutuutsaq VW
‘SULOYYRI
£ ‘AouoredsweIy
‘poop sunoy ¢ ynoqe
Pe oe re
F6-6G “TVq ‘SULOyyR}
1 ‘Kouaredsuesy
*SUOTZBVAIOSGO) IaT[}O
pues ‘1oy7ve Ay ‘PUTAL
ey | 48 if
ese ee. &G L
8 I or}. 9 ei 4.
te 4 . *
G e 12 yr | %& 9
9 G fi !
D *
F mile
1 FL I
: 8 gc | %& 21
Il G ral ST FI I
Yt et P ZL) 1T
6 6 §0L SI | €3I y
PI I IZ ;
° I Daf eee eee e : 9
-p0li) sisdosswug | G Ii I 1
J ‘wngopy | OT IL ce 0g er J
soyouy] “ON |seyouy) “ON soyouy) “ONT
| Ot A FE
= oe |
A Mo fee he ae ae pa
at Ss
“PON [ABIL
ur dn 4y8n0.1q
‘ow ‘euney
97R1G9}1OAUT ‘USI JO ozig pue 1oquinNy
‘spueuans WoULWOZY
‘ . ‘Sura AN
———— 00
. . . 6s
. . . QoIel
* ‘Ker yowqusroyy,
: 2 . ‘sesay
. “ce
‘spear UOWULOA
ee
‘SSUIGIT AL
. . . a re) re)
‘sqooppry
' -OMey, jo uorydi10seqq
y ‘qooppeH
* ‘sqep YSnor Suory
‘} ‘spodoajsexyy Sunof
Sr ‘sntagdowogp = SF
‘ayuing Sa ‘snovyaunur
-uyf snunjppng $1 ‘svw0od
-2bu0) nLowayz ‘a (Ant)
snunbvodng ‘Sa anf)
ahjoddhy Sy “(‘anf)
punjyaiog ‘a (ant)
andopyy sy “msnoyd
-oalog —- *yeu-W10930q
"(TTewUs) *[ wyauny
Sy “evovgsnig = [eare'y
Phe ie Mg, bg | 8yULO0UBUO}
oumyaog Sau S-ds
ndojayy — - *yau-sovjang
‘F ‘spisnpoy
yews fy ‘sevagdowoy
:e ‘agning %(nuivonvT
‘unipsng) spodo1eyser)
pue STOUVIGI[]IULe’T
sunok ‘3 ‘spodryd
-uy myo {1 ‘nq7nb
nrwadlipy ‘+3 <-ds ‘sniyng
£*uL0o ‘spodozryqog
Sunok {az ‘svwsooriwo7
DLoway, tap ‘svmacuiwo7
spuq ‘ay ‘snowyounwuy
SNUDIDA -—*ZOU- 109406
‘ystq Sunok pue
‘umedg ‘euney olseleag
“1O4C AA | “ITV
0-€¢ | 9-67 “A
ue TT
0} *UL'R
1040990 UF
0-64 |0-8F “M| I NOILVIS
“‘panuruoo—
‘urd gF'T 04
“UL"® Be"TT
qsnsny YyZz
‘X] NOILVILS
“qe
Aid ‘uUMOp
[ARay, OWL,
pure oyeq
“WOTFE}S
aangerodutd J,
‘panuryjuoo— ALUOY JO HLYIT ‘[—'688l DNIUAd ,adNVTUVY, AHL Guvog NO adv SNOILVAUGSIG AO GXUoONaY—')D WTAVL
sy at ee
co = a Ce ee eee ee
"poop ‘epry vai “t 5 iv éI G 2 ‘ syooppv yy
‘STIOY}ES Z rEterd Sy 19 9 : we s
-suviy fAzey “sv rene gI 6 La! pe Z * ‘sqep ySnor Suo0'T :
-I0AQ—Ysty 4W 9 9 “3 2 L 9G ’ Pa: ‘ce
"P9.6Z ‘req {107eM ; CE A SOE 2 Ph Ee * — ‘sqep tomrUIOg ~
MOT ‘opty {suI0y4eI G Peet ie an Lo ae eee een at sachin "YY
‘ouoredsuvty {]TeMs § cT ral Sl tet G ; * “goros wotuOrT :
: “7 ‘eas fozey pue OL 6 GL IL ST . e . (73 ‘ Ll
= ‘surysuns ‘spnopo {¢ EST i i gl A Or pwns es teams GG | 9-2¢ 19-39] s
eoI0y “A'S “PUTA, rs 6 I Se eee ‘ ‘wd OTF
Ss asipananeee : a rt = al Ee alig8t G * Ker SOO, wes 0} “wd 0°%
S tL i " ¢ ‘eyeys Ae ‘ 8 t0q0}O PAE
B 0-9 | &-3¢ | GFS A III NOlLvig
= eee ace ZS Z
5 tg F £9 9L ° 6c 73
<a 8 : 0G OL I aol P ‘sprvuins uwowmMoD
§ Seat ec Boel ae te) feet ‘SOUT
AL Partin Pec " ‘poo
S . ¢ e
pooy ‘apt} fsu0y3e Poe. | oe BL I : ‘yooppe
oI §% edema star 9 tg Se ee Bi alm og
=> ‘Apho[gj--ysiuy yw : che" OL ; a et 3 . ‘sqep ysnor Suor]
S F166 “req | :
S| ‘poop ‘opy sumoTyey re a le a el ed a eg 8a Wye
& g ‘Aouoredsuery 6 9 g ao ee 3 a
‘ysnor ‘ees fourys 6 8 Il g el 3) oe a * ‘g9los WOTLeT é1 ‘
= -uns pue spnojo 9 OL 8E II && ; 5 : Oy ¥-EG | GEG 10-69 “M
Ss ‘ ga GL L¥ al 9 . : Pa ‘ul'd OFS O
£4, e0d0} “NT PUT. S. zi yo }| ¢ ; ooIeT “ae OF" OF
ce --3uluuiseq. sa sea eo or E LT T * Ker yorqur0yy, eS ‘urd CFT
= I a ra T : - ‘neys Sey | - GL 18q049Q 4ST
fet tae G-SG | ¥-€¢ | 0-09 “H| II NOlLvig
F Soyouy] “ON |seyouy] “oN |soyouy) ° . ° 4
ON [Ae youy; “oO uO
*STOT}VAIOSO Idq30 | Ur ee waaneea = sae betes Lae
pure ToyzVe A, ‘pura, | “oR “euneg ‘aye, JO uoIdi1osoq "ast Sunod pure pseay, our,
: OYRIQIAIAUT ‘USL JO oz1g pure roqumyy - SS at ‘umedg “eune 7 o1svlog "TOYeM “ITV pue ‘998 a
“HOTPRRS
‘oinyered uta J,
a
‘Panvyuom—HLI0Og A “T—"
J 10 HLUIT "J—'688l ONIUNG ,GNVTUVY, FHL GUVOg NO AACVW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 GUOOUY—'O FIGVL
Pari III—EKighth Annual Report
82
‘966z “req
fqqe ‘opy +suloyyey
F ‘ouoredsuely
£ysnor “eos ‘Apnojo
‘1 9010§ “AN PULAL
—Suyuuiseq = 4V
‘qqe ‘opty { suoqzey
S, ‘souoredsuery
*p 90t0F “ANAL
PUM — ery tv
"eF-6z “req ‘ qqa
‘apry Suioyyey [ ‘Aoue
-redsueiy = £ 4 SITs
‘eas {ASS0J fg eo10J
“N Aq “AA PUL
—Ssuyuuisey = FV
*SUOTZVAIOSG( dq}
pur ‘roy A, “PULA
‘JON TART,
ur dn yy sno1q
“929 “eUN’ Ty
97BIQo910AUT
soyouy
‘ON |soqouy
oO.
: CDCOCD 210 Oo Hrs
are .
Ne) Ns} oO lor)
ri re ri
Drag
ia
Hid
al
ret © sH
Nr
inn)
ri
‘ON |soyouy
"YS JO ozIg pu’ ToqunN
ACOnnNOOnrT
OHO MHA
‘ON
: ‘syooppty
* ‘sqep ySnor Suo'T
* * ‘s9T08 YOULL
i ‘sqep WouluLO,
* * ‘safos UOWe'T
‘ore d
‘ageys AVI)
Surg A
. . . 3 ‘pop
. iad
. “cc “ce
; ‘sqep UoUTULOR
; * ‘gsafos OWT
‘
. . . ‘
. . . 6e
‘OoIeld
. ce
‘spivuiMs WOWWOD
. . . “
* epsuy
ce
‘SSUT}IT MA
. “cc
‘pop
‘aye, JO uodii0seq
‘ystq Sunod pue
‘umedg ‘euney olselog
“TFS
FG
L8G | @&¢ | 0.06 “A
“UI, (ET OF
“UPS “UL"e? OG"
LZ 1940190 puz,
GEG | GEG | O8F “A “A NOILVLG
/
“UPeJ
#9
0-TG | 8-09 | 0-09 “H
‘urd GFT 04
“Wye} UL’? OS "TT
#9 1040490 34
O-TG | 0-19 | G6F “AAT NOLLVLS
“panurquoa
—— urd Ll?
04. WA. 0%
1940490 pag
‘III NOLWVIg
"u10y | ‘aovz | “qing
-yoq | -ing Aig ‘IAOP
*[MVIT, QUILT,
“TOPE M “ITy | pu ‘oqeq
“MOT}EYS
‘oinqzeroduid J,
‘panuyuoo—HLuog JO HLYIT “[—'688l SNIUOG ,GNVTUVY), AHL GUVO_G NO aAdvW SNOILVAUGSAO AO GUOOUY—'D ATAVL
CO
So 6 6 fal 9 ‘spreuims uoulUIOA
eee eee ZG if . * . ‘SUV,
p eee . . eee eee of OL ° . “
79 Sos GL | Lo|}* * ‘sears AA
ate ais ; 500 &Q I ° . re 3
OT G zel & VG E : 2 eS 9
ee \ate é1 6 L . aan
: d ; i 4 GL 8 al! & : » “sx7oOppeH
= : poop ep eee eee 9 G g - ° 3 if3 14
S *suOmyey ¢ ‘Aouored 6 9 TE T eT I * ‘sqep ysnor Suory
= Sper eri led WW vee Boo eee vee 9L 7 . . ‘g9[0s TOL.
= 02-6Z “Ieq $ TOVemM eee eee eee eee 9 g ° e «666 T4 "U3 e}
R as: ‘ep *SULOT}EF L OL 8 g OL G ; ‘sqep WoUTULOY GT
= g Aouoredsuesy eee cers ose eee 6 I e . “ce (13 g. eG T-&¢ 0-6F “M
Ay fae ae Te Pee [ee ee be ees “urd 0g ZI 04
Bs ae poe Apnoyo eee eee BiG oe TE PL e e ° 6é "Tey "m’e 0g Pak
&, . |. ° 8 9t0; WN pUEy a ae) a 2 me I ime ee Peete eas) Si SI cit Mow Reset !
S —suluuIseq 4 e0 ae ous ows 9 T : * ‘Ker £1TeYg @-8¢ | GES | O8F ‘H |LA NOLLVIG
RQ
=>
> on wae ae an . ; ‘r0TS
S GS T Iopsuy
A > az 3 Hi aN Z spreuins moUUOD
& §9 F 6 I OL L oie eee “panunuoo
; ; GL 6 vL €T 9T I : . SSUIIU MA. Mittens J 4!
= SsumOyyey F Aouered eee eee eee eee OL e e . ‘ ee 04 “u's 0c’
Ss SURI} SOUTYsUNS pues IL 9 GI A OL F : : : = I9q039Q puz
‘| SPno[g—ystug yy CG | G 16 Yok pet Pea eee "A NOILVIS
‘ ‘ : "m0y | *o0Ry | “q ing
708 wey seyouy] “ON |seyouy] “ON |soyouy] ‘on oq | -ang | Ag “IMOp
‘SUOT}VAIOSGO Joyjo | ut dn 4y8no1q 2 “Ystq sunos pue ar ae er [ACL], SULT,
pure ‘royyeony “Spurn | “ox “euneg OFBL.JO UoRdTase CT ‘umedg ‘euney o1sepog “TOYO M. “ITV pue ‘eyeq
oF BIqIOAUT "Ysa JO ozIg pue zsqumnyy —_______—_| ‘uor}v}g
‘oInyer1odurey,
84
Part II1-—Kighth Annual Report
“pooy “opty
‘suloyyey $e ‘Aousred
“sue — sug +V
"96-66
‘req § poop ‘ept
‘suioyyey fp ‘Aoue
-redsuviy { YSnor
Aron “eas £ Apnoyo
£9 20103 “TN PULL
—Suyuurseq §=4V
*qqe ‘apry
‘suroyyey ¢ ‘Aoucred
-suery {°G ULOIF [OI
favoy ‘eas ‘Azey
Aroa-—ystuy 4V
"06-62 “2Bq
fqqo ‘apry ‘suloqzey
&% ‘£ouoredsuesy
fq ‘Toms Lavoy “eas
‘kzeq pue Apnoyo
$¢@ ao10y “AX PULA
—Suluuiseq §=4V
*SUOTFVAIOSAG 1d[4O
pue ‘royzee A “PULA
. . ce
aoe era or G we le .
a) 3 oe ae OTe Ie, og eee
eee eee eee eee Of jl . . oyng [Les
eee eee . eee 9 g . it4 “c
8 53 a gel ay er | I- | ° Sqep qenor Suo7y
i or i, = Or, EB to. 0% Seon ea ae
. G t-te @ |° ‘sqep wourul0H)
eee eee SL T al I . . *‘sa[0s mouwle'T
¥ SE | oT ad (ON ag See re |
Scene ce Sie 16-| 1 |° ‘Sex yoequzoyy,
eee eee rs) T C1 I . . ‘aqgeys kerry
ie Sas |e ee Se i ae es
= ‘ eT VA CL I sprevuims UOUULOL‘)
eee eee o- eee 9 Z * . . ¢
L 8 8 oI | 6 g |° ¢ “SSUTATAA
a on g ee Sto A eee
eee aoe wee eee 9 G . . . v3
or | & oe BE FPL) Ot 1; * eeppeer
9 mI | 8 i216 g | * ‘sqep qsnox su0T
a Pe a ee a er | # [+ * ‘88108 WoILAN
eee eee eee ane 9 Z ; . 66 ee
l cz | 8 poe LT |* ‘8qep wouruLo()
eee eee eee . Il 7 . . *s9[0S uoule'T
eee eee 6 9 [tT 9L . . . “
I | OT | GI | & Toi > Aaeb pee
eee eee . eee L I . Rex yoequi0yy,
:" 6 dt ae ~ ee gr | T [°° ‘oveqs Seas)
ONT TACIT, goyouy] ON jseyouy) “ON |SetoUT) “ON
oot od = Se ee ee
Rei ce se ‘ayy, Jo ToydrI080q]
0} V.1Q9}IIAUT "YS JO ozIg pus oquinyy
"UF eF ;
0G
0-89 | 8-Z¢ | 0-89 “AA| “UI'd Qg'g OF
WE OS
Be ey 19q049Q puz
9% ‘TITA
€8¢ | 0-€¢ | FIG “H| NOMVIS
“Uyey
LT
0-9 | 9-69 | 0-19 “A
‘uOOU 04
“UFPS ‘Ul’ O'OT
IT 10q0}9Q pag
8-9 | 6-29 | 9-8h “MITA NOLLVLS
‘ulo} | ‘oovy | “qrng
jog | -mng | Arq ‘uMOp
‘ystq Sunok pue [MvI, OUT,
‘umedg ‘euney o1selog CLUS “ITV pue ‘oyeq
HOT}RIS
‘oanyer1oduis y,
a a Se
‘panuyuwoo—HLioy tO HLUTY ‘I— 688 DONIUAd ,aNVTUVH, GHL auvog NO GAVW SNOILVAUASTO AO awoory—'D WIAVL
85
8
: oL
SS “poop ‘apry eee
= ‘sti0yy ey fF ‘Aouored ST
~~ -SUCI} ‘sIOMOYS PUL 9
S | Aevabg--qsrag yy 7
RM ~—_|"96-6s “eq ‘qqe anoy ¥8
3 qe ‘opty ‘suloyyzey ang
Ss F ‘Aouoredsuery ar
= :qsnor ‘vas {Apnoyo '
= *9 80103 “AN PULA 9T
S —suluulseq 4V a
S
RQ
4
Sy
>
a)
= Lt
~~
S 6
. IL
‘sant wea, — |S°UUL
*SUOT}VAIOSAQ Ieyjo | ut dn 44Sno01q
pue ‘toyyeam “pura | ‘oR “euneg
-| 97BIQoZTEAUT
4 : :
7 6 6 OL | g
G 7s t> | Soucek
$= RheG z LEE CE
I Cora Ok ap -|\~T
7 Visine fie ed
Es eg 9 L 9
OF OL SL. AS
Ul et Ian al &
d #8 I
: <i eSin OT
8 ra eed bee 4 “ie a
sr 4
I 7 ae Es eee
4) I OL I
Fae meee 9
7 GLE 1 2 Ae
7 6L) 1 Of? 35
‘ON |soqouy] ‘ON |soqouy] ‘on
‘YS JO 9219 pue Joqtan N
‘Jo]Suy
° ° ° iT3
‘sSurqIt AA
° . ry pon
‘+ SyooppeH
° 6¢ 66
* ‘sqep Ysnor suo'T
* + saTOS TFL AL
‘ ‘sqep UOULULOD
. . ce
. ° . ‘QOTVT, al
* ‘Ker Yowquroyy,
; ‘lepsuy
‘spresuins UOUIULOD
. e ¢ ‘¢
"8 SBUTTTLAA
« e . “po @)
‘aY BL JO uorydiaoseq
“UPes
0€
€-6¢ | 0-S¢ | 0-19 “Hh
“urd Qg"T OF
“Yyes “at 0G LE
6G TaqopO Puy
€-€¢ | T-8G | T-0¢ “A, XI NOLLVLS
“*panuruod
— ud 0¢"e
03 ‘ud 0'z
12q0}9Q puz
TITA
NOILVLG
ai "Ul0} | “aovy | “qmng
jog | -mg | Aig *‘TAOp
"ysl Sunod pur Se [MBI], SUIT,
‘umedg ‘vune,y o1lselog *10YOM ‘IIV pur ‘oyeq
“MOI}LIG
‘anyerod uray,
‘panuyjuoo—HLIOF JO HLUIY “"[—'688l DNIYOAC .adNVTUVy, AHL GUvog NO AACVW SNOILVAYUASIO JO GCAONTY—'DN WIAVL
Part I11.—Eighth Annual Report
86
20-08
“req fsuloyyey
‘ouoredsurvsy Spooy
smoy F ‘opty ‘oyer
-O9POUL BES '48B019A0
*p a010y “M PUTA,
— suruurseq = 4V
“"SULOYIRY Z
— ‘Kouoredsurvsy Spooy
smoy ¢ ‘epry fysnor
‘eos ff e010} “MW
POLM-—-Gerag | t¥
pe “Ieq [SUOYyVy
‘fousrvdsuvsy
‘poop =F )~=— noqe
apy fysnor p441]
ev vas fouy ‘Apnojo
"9 ao10y “MQ PUTA
— Suruuiseq yy
*STOTVALOSGO IOT}O
pus “loyywo A “PUTA,
*“Ppanuyjuoo— HL
‘syooppeH
‘sqvp ySnor SuoryT
‘sqep woulUIOD
* Sajos WoUe'T
* Soreld
‘AVI YOVquLOY,],
‘Avi £IICVYG
' ‘aqyeys ABI
7
.
* 830g
‘SULLIOAL
* ‘JeTsuy
iad
‘SSUIqITLAA
. “cc
. pop
‘syooppe fy
(a4 74
ce ¢
‘sqep ysnor Suory
‘sqep WOUIOL)
. ce “sc
* ‘selos wowary
ce
"Sorel
‘
‘AVI YouqULoy,L,
"B ‘s~wnyno.tado “St, die [EOL <l Beee OL | T
unog *3 “ds |g |% ff9 | 218 |FLIOLI¢
‘snunuglwog ‘| °* or E- i j es f° A |
‘snunbod sawn aan oe eee ees eee eee EL T
Say ‘poapua ‘Sv fe eee eee eve eee ZI Zz SFT T
‘nsoddnd ws $1 |G | LE | TL | 9t |e |e] 1
~105' Say ‘omorhaa | °°" eee ame eee eas see by I
-wou sdosydagy |g | T lt 1s Set |t lozit
‘J S*dg S0LLaS FT e ee eee eee e eee fp I
i ‘snunbod ia - ’ |g I
waunyD §=SWM00! Gc, |Z | ZT |e |e It | 8slt
‘nynoyofmruunu | °° yr is. He 18 2 16
“Mouphyy ‘moo For | OL} ST | lth |S | 6r) 2
‘papengg yenyy | | he TT | 6 IT
“unyp ngojowr IFO. | € | SL | SVL | Ll | ZL} 9TI Ee
py 5 we) et 12 11% 19 19% | beige bt
-o1ydgQ **} ‘noap Pe ee te eel ate y:
-ua ‘y a ‘nsod eee eee uv, I
-dnd = agspjogy | G I |9 Pei\ 2 go-2 at TT:
ane ‘s1utoo | 6 PORT FL Le HSS at
-“ynuup suppl |" ly | tT for Ti SET
UD ‘(A]4sour me alo ARE aa 9 I i Z
‘snqosjoy ‘q) 13} OL |G [It |¢ | St |9 |e] 9
‘snunjlog ‘W109 eee eee eee eee sce GI T
‘snovbaatousdos | *** “ni ses SLi tl
~ydayy Se ‘sum FT |e | 2E | |8t |e | egelt
-noLado Uae oo eee eos eee coe OL r
‘JON. [AVBI, “SUT |‘ON | “SUT |"ON | ‘SUT ["ON |'suy |‘OoN
ut dn yysnoiq
‘or “vuney
OVI OPLOAUT "Ysly JO oz1g puv coquinyy
‘aqeys ABI
"aye, Jo worydiuoseq
‘svusonbhuo)? nLoway ‘*ay
‘snovyoimnuluy =snunjng
‘ay =| “uyosps = asnDy
-doaLog —"yau-W10} 0g
*e “piwosnfuy ‘*t “ds
‘snbyng Se ‘svu.soobuo7
nLoway 8 ‘svwambuop
spug — “you-oovjang
"ul09 ‘angnbng
‘ay ‘spisnpeyy [ews
iug ‘spodiyduy fay
‘snoyownuuy = snunnp
:ul0d «= ‘22yasDL = DIsnDY
-doaLog—*jeu-W10} og
‘(sodvy
UNYDIAD) “8 “eIIOS
“njut ‘$e ‘s2usoorhuoz
pioway 8 ‘srvwashuoz
snig) — “Jou-sovjang
‘ystq Sunok pure
‘umedg ‘vune,y o1seeg
OF 10 HLUTY "[—'688l ONIUNG ,aNVIUV), AHL Guvyog NO advwW SNOILVAUASAG AO a
“UPS
8.67 9-6 Lg
: -6F |FLG°
** urd 0°¢ 04
“UP EF ‘urd 9g ‘ZI
ia! “AON IQ
9-6) | ¢-6F | 0-29 ‘H | ‘IT Nolivig
“UPC
8
0-09 | 9-6F | §-€o"°"M
“urd 03°% 04
Wey “urd 06 'T
T&L "AON O16
6-6F | 6-6F | 0-44 ‘HO | ‘I NOLVig
"m04 | ‘aovy | ‘qrug
jog | ang | Aig ‘UMOp
[MUI OWT,
“TOPE M ITV pue ‘aqyeq
“UOTPLIG
‘omnqzerod uy,
xoory— "DO AIAVL
87
“IJ ‘spywnwunnyy, §*IF
“‘pryonLgounarg $*Uloo
‘aypubwgy Say ‘snovyaupus
"SULOY eT -uy snunppg S'ds ‘snb
ZT ‘Aouoredsuesy -ynQ S*¥ ‘nq)06 muiadh A
‘19gVM YS srvsu de | “1.40)0 pdoja yy
‘OpLL—ystug 4V If ‘yyosnt mesnvy
"10-08 “Teq ‘suLoyyey eee eee eee ene ves se Hats G . ° 66 -doawog —"yeu-u10;30q "TARY
ral ‘Aouoredsuer4 9 OL |$Z e |&Q 6:2 te eS * *SSUINTTL AL ‘spod | g
‘poop mmoy $ AT[ng jwoo'savmnouado | | | fe | ® Grae | Be lee : : a ~“Bood] [VAIVT Moy @ pue | F.6F | 0-6P | 2-09°M
‘opty ‘yyoows ‘eas | wajoag $*¥ ‘nsod 9 Te toes (ee ele lle tes le” : ‘pog | vluosnjuy Ssutstaduoo .| ‘urd ggg
‘prrur fAzey opygty e | -dod = wagsnjog | ** ape kl pa | ao SS eee ae * ‘sqep y8nor SuoT | ‘[eiteyeu oyT]-pnur oug "YY e} 0} ‘utd Gg’T
*G 9O10F “AM PUTA | SuI09 ‘snarfaa | ss | ve |e fee fee | oe ie tl? * ‘sqep uowey | jo Ayyuenb ofqeiepis | ¢ “AON UIT
—— Suruurseq 4V ~wousdowydanT =!" 1 Or LT eee ot lope [ae pte hen youquioyy |; -Woo y—*ou-soevjng 66h | 0-67 | G-09 ‘A | IIT NOLLVig
“nant
DUUDULDIDLPh FT
“‘DLISNIT “StULOI
-ynuun snynp
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
erormee | |2 15/2 SEL |e ea eer
“mame ova | me oes a, Ja. fa. |. fee, |, Roc] L |. 5 sung | ton opti 1 wot
SPRL MAE = BV cing |, “Oa OOMEO 6S NLT |S: Were. IR GES Bale glee ciety ODE! Fy ete one ‘II NOLLVES
meomsnag soo | md ol ome wonton | au iB Sates mm | olay |
07 B1G 04}.10AUT "YSLq JO ozig pue Jaqunyy —— | rene
"aunyzerodura J,
Se a a ee ee ee eee
‘PNUyjUOO—HLAOT FO HLT ‘J—"688l ONTUAG ,GNVTYVH), AHL Guvog NO AAVW SNOILVANASAQ AO AUOOTY—'O FIGVL
Part ITI—Eighth Annual Report
88
*SULOT} RT
fF ‘ousredsuely
‘poop smmoy ¢ AI[Ny
eplrL--qstugy 4V
"16-66 “t8q
{suloyy ey ye ‘fousred
-suvly ‘poopy anoy
T Ayuy opry Sysnor
ey] @ ves ‘][TNp
‘g e010F “AX PULA
—Ssuruutseq = FV
‘suLoyyey ET
‘ouoredsuely {pooy
smoy §Z ynoqe
CP ee, ae
. "F0-08 “eq
‘suioy}ey z% ‘Aouo
-redsueiy = £ Jaye
MOT). qnogs —§ 9p
fyjoous ‘vas ‘feuy
quq ‘Azey fg-z a010J
“MSA PULM
—Suiuuiseq 4V
*SUOIZVAIOSGO ITO
pur “1oy}80,\\ PULA,
“pagers | ST
sogAydooz}| °"
eulOS G}IMpoom | *
-eas jo oooid | /
‘sauphjyna =o
“oT eBeT TT |
snnbyun snsng | J
f-utoo «= ‘snahaa
sooo1d §=[R1dAaS
Sy ‘snygumyp
mgojouyoy sf
‘paanjou snrwa}
sp Sy “vsod
-And ‘vagsppog $*}
‘SDUAIW SNUWLDO
fui0o )§=‘snavbaa | °°
-Lou sdowsydayy | **
saz ‘sngoins109 |S
snunpog <I} | OL
sngpsjoy snung | *
-LOd 5°8'A 81.0] ..
-nowado Wayoag | OL
“FON [SAUL
ut dn 4ysno1q
“929 “eune
09B1Q9}.10AUT
ae
gor Pet Pees
ot WT 4 he LNT 4500 “QE
Bt te Tit eee, ie
DG 8 Se Be BS
Ot Ft 4 Fo POL 1 SLT SL
Ly} vi wor [ee | oe
a eomthe f og? ape Ae
TE hte: 1 Boe 1 OE
4 OT @ BLA 261
eee oe. eos eee a)
2 | % |F OL | L-Iar
. eee ese . S6
Te eae ee ae
&9 T i
PA Bal i Sees |) erg eae
re Sack, ride i ae Pes
ee. 6 eT
SAO 3) se OVE ee
PR 1S. ee | Sa
eee eos SOL
a) a ae eee eee
09.1 Zt | 18 | St
‘Ys JO ozIg pue roquinyy
MMA NRNORHANRAS SH
MOmMAOMAIN eS
‘suy |ON | ‘SU |‘ON | “SUT |‘ON |*sUy | ‘ON
. . ce
‘sSulqty AA
. ee
‘pop
. . ce
‘sqooppeH,
* Soqany,
ce
* ‘sqep Ysnor Ssuo'y
} * “seTOs OFT MA.
. « 6 cc
‘sqep WOULUIOD
‘g[OS UOULE'T
* ‘Ker youqusoyy,
‘SSaTTIT MA
. . . ; pop
* ‘sqep ysnor Suo'T
“ * ‘*slepunozpy
. . 6 ce
: ‘sqep WOUTULOZ
‘ * ‘gfos woule'T
. . . “
‘aye, JO worydroseq
‘ooreld
"} ‘sprs
-npoy [Tews fe ‘agbng
Say ‘snayounuuyf snup
-MQ %*a¥ ‘0qQ706 mrisadhiT
faz ‘snsouadsiq snjizpy
fe ‘uyosne = nrsnoyd
-0alog -- you-w0yj0q
"e “mwosnfuy {*¥ “nq7nb
muadhiyyT sy ‘spodeoog
Sunok {°e ‘svu.109ihuo?
puoway $e ‘svmasbuo?
spg se ‘snavyounwumf
SNUDIDJ—JOU-99eFING
s
*(s19T]30
pue v2yIV1GQ04NI)dZ)
Say ‘spisnpeyq [[eus
Sap ‘angpubog $*y “wyospe
osnnydoaog §<*y “ds
‘snbyng s*} ‘snovyo..oumy
snunjDnyO -—"you-W04 40g
"@ “ellosnjuy
fy ‘spodvooq [earey fF
‘snbyng $e ‘svwLooriuo7
pLowagy ie ‘sruasiuo?
sng -- ‘you-v0epng
‘Ystq Sunod pure
‘umedg ‘euneg olselog
0:09 | ¥ FS “M
“Ur"e OST
0} “UI'G 08°
"AON UY
0-0$ | 9-89 “H] “A NOLivig
1G ;
G-6F | 0-67 | 0-79 °M
“wd ¢G'T 04
“UyeF “u's ¢G'OL
v “AON UST
9-09 | 0-6F |. 8-29 “H | “AI NOLLvig
‘ul0y | ‘aovy | ‘qmng
“jog | -ing | Aig ‘UMOp
——_—_| [481], eur,
*109@ AA “Ity | pue ‘aqeq
WOTFRIS
‘ommyzer0d way,
‘ponUYUOI—HINOT LO HINIG ‘[—"688l ONIUAG ,GNVTYVY, AHL Guvog NO HAGVW SNOILVAUASHO 40 auoodYy—'D AIAVL
89
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
‘suloyyey $z ‘Aoue
-redsuei} £ TogeAn
OTS TONS CS SIT
@ “opLL—ystuy 4V
06-62 “req *¢7 ‘hous
-redsueiz {Toye
MOT Ieveu ‘apty {a9
-Iapour ‘vas ‘Apnoyo
'G d010F “AA PUTA
--Suluulseq + 4V
*SULOUYeS
4#z ‘Soucredsur.
{poop sinoy g ynoqe
“opLL — Ystuy 4V
"68-62
‘req ‘Ssuloyyey Z
‘fouoredsueiy {pooy
samoy F ‘opty ‘ysnor
‘eas £Apnopo {Q-/
e010} f° PUM
—-SuluULseq
*SUOTZVAIOSG() Iaq40
pue ‘ray}89 MA “PUT AA
4+V
renee
ee ° eee eee eee Set L
spyou | cs | cee | oe sas [ee |g
-uy pourejuoo | 9 |7 | £ |e | 8 {tt ite |F
Yarawoqny -7999- |) 72" | tt |e ee EG: | es lee ke
-py 6 oy ‘9nqps eee eee eee eee £9 g i I
oy snunuiog | |e fee for fe |e tg lg
pue!y‘suaqgnuso | $9 | F | FOL1T | 6 IT 18 IT
WISP °° “noap eee eee eee coe 8 T OL ;
-wa Laysnjoy eee eee eee eee ere eee SIL T
eH ee OLS Sb et
oie | oan ee 78 i Aes 8 ae
; Lo Sei ta be
ai wef f Seta for lg
9 Lad) BAD oh ee Re £6 j
vam © ee ste log |e ie |g
“joy snumiog | tL |9 | #8 |S | OL|S (KOT|T
pue moapua} "|" | eT! g TET SET
Laysmjoy omy! TL | 9 GL | IL | Sf | 8L | $1 | SL
zo ouo [UO 91 | 8 8L |Z 06.| T) 61 Vs
‘SUI | ‘ON | ‘SUT |°ON | ‘suq |’ : :
pe aay I | ON I |‘ON I ‘ON |'8Uq |"ON
ur dn 4ysno1q
“2 “eune iy
0981Q94.10AUT ‘Usty JO ezig pue rtaqminyy
‘qgouoSseiq
* ‘eysuy
“cc
‘SSUIPIT AA
. . e ‘p O re)
‘sqooppeH
. cc 6e
: ‘sqep ysnor Suory
: sqep pret
. ° °
‘SSUITIT AA
. e ° “po ‘@)
‘sqooppeH
ct = ere SOL
: ‘sqep qsnor suo]
5 ‘sqep WOWULOZD
. * ‘Satos WOULe'T
ry . . 14
e . e
‘Q0Iel
"aye, Jo wor drsoseqy
—_s ee
"IJ ‘SUT
-I19Y [BVArvy-ysod f*utoo
‘ayungy $1y ‘spisnpey
Trews {1 ‘esovuny fF
“ds ‘snbyng ‘az ‘snovya
-nuuy snunjng $(‘0—p
‘nqivb niwadiyy ‘snsowd
-s1q snjkigp) -utoo ‘spod
-1ydmy ‘yj ‘sa06 sdowyy
-hug Say “ds ‘sustpr
fay “wyospe §=nsnnyd
-0alog — *4ou-Wl094,0q,
*@ “@LLOS
-njuy {°e ‘s2wsooruo?
pLoway $e ‘srwaibwo7
sng — °4ou-soeying
*(*02R “mpyonug
-oWnajq) “} ‘spisnpey
Trews {-e ‘agnhvg { °F
“nq)nb mwadhyT ‘*} ‘snso
-mdsiq snap ‘snovyo
-wnuug snunpy ‘°F ‘ds
‘snbyng %*} ‘ds ‘swshyg
Sy ‘ayosne, = mesnoyd
-0al0g -—"}0u-U10z30q,
"e “eltosnjuy fj‘spodeoeq
sunok ‘'e ‘svwwo02bwo7
pLoway se ‘srvwasbuo7
spig —- *4ou-0ejng
‘Ystq Sunof pue
‘umedg ‘euneg olselog
“UPes
¥G
0-09 | &-8h | 9-€9 ‘A
“UE"S 0E"S
“UFRF OF “UL"@ Q°L
VA “AON 42
L8P | &-2b | 9-9 “AA ITA NOILVg
“UFPF
tL
6-67 | 0-09 | 0-79 °M
"md CLT
"UIey 04 “urd €2 ZT.
bel ‘AON UH,
0-0G | 0-0¢ | 6-89 “H|"LA NOILVLS
"Ul0y | *90BF | “Qing
-yoq | -ing | Aig “UMOp
——_———] [ASA Oma,
"TOY! MA “ITV pue ‘o4eq
“MOTZEIS
‘ainyered U9 J,
*panuiyjuoo— HLYOY AO HLUIY “[—'688T YNIUNG ,GNVIUVH, HHL Gavog NO AACVW SNOILVAUHSAO AO GXOOUYyY—'D A IAViL
Part IL1—Highth Annual Report
90
_-
t
‘suloyyey Gg ‘Aous
-redsuviz = £ tage
MOT 199ze OTF4T &
‘OphLL — ystug 4V
"88.63 “req ‘suLOYyey
g ‘fouorvdsuvsy
:JogeMm MOT Ieau
‘oply S qsnor 97491]
e “eas touyg ‘Apnoyo
*Q 90I0F “AA PULL
—suluulseq = 4V
-pooy sInoy F yNoqe
‘Oplt *g O0t0F “WM
are +V
"18.62 ““1eq {sul0yye
tp fotaxedsures
‘poop sanoy Z ynoqe
‘opty fysnor 97497]
e ‘eas f aug ‘Apnojo
‘1-9 9040§ “* A PUT AA
—-SuIUUIseq §4V
‘SUOTZVAIOSGO 1840
pue “Toyyve Ay “PUTA,
"DUST
JO OA4 IO 4uour
-Seriy @ Sy “nya
“INP 6 *¥‘SUs09
288019 DL7DO,T,
a5 ‘psoddnd
MaIsppoy fi ‘sng
-uajnosa = sna
“Yo °°} ‘snovbaa
-Low sdowyda ar
“mynaj0f
DIU) DLph FT
Jo sooord 0M} 10
euo {*} “noapua
Lgsnpogy $1 ‘snu
-nhnd sawn
Sul0d = ‘snarhaa
“FON [MULT
a dn 4ysnoiq
‘on “euney
OpeIqeyIOAUT
-.Lou sdo.wyda aT
cof oe ber |g
= efi [oe foe | eT
a "6 ace
vee Pioe | se fae | one foe | BELG
if Epa ae be
ed (08 ee Cee ie ee
8 1% | 6 {1 | ¥OL| OL! eL]z
te Rete Perle ie la
SL | ¥..) OC11.| OLIT Oi T
9.19 | FILS | ers Orit
ee ye ee ay,
. Pe) ee eas
eee e eee eee oes eee $01
FIL |Z El | I PLA ee ae
eefeet tela. | fy an. | ary t
= iG Sit i Se Teas
e eee ese eee ese Al T
= akg ike feria
6 |6L| oti 2 | fetlF Seti t
: a FLT ce}. itor | T
oe eae ah ee 2L|*% | §f19
pee deka See asm Byte
is Tt |}%9 |8 | % |e Ke lt
ae ae ae aa eae a AT ae
wef | PSP Rf. fee | &
ree fice Loe fae | ae tie | pe |
get teed ee Vise | ope oe lage de
TW 4 FL -Eth ZLoee Beer | ie
“SUT |"ON | “SUT |"ON | “SUT |ON | ‘SUT |‘ON
"YShy JO ozig pue raqumyy
‘Ys8G-4%0
* Jepsuy
* oisseig
* pPreumms uomU0D
‘Bury
ce
‘SSUIPIT AL
2 : ‘p90
‘syoopptH
* ‘sqep YSsnor Suo'yT
* — ‘sqep uowlULOD
. “cc ce
: * ‘gatos WOUIO'T
‘QoIvl
* ‘eTsuy
‘spreuins uoulul0g
. e “ce
"8 SBUTFTT AA
. . : . pop
- SOP PVE
/ STO GOT M.
: Bqep Yysnor Suo'y
: ‘squp WoUuILIOD
ae
* ‘Ker yowquroyy,
. * ayeys Lary
‘aye, JO uoydi10soq
-26U0) Sp1gq7—"oU-9deJANG
a ee eee
Sa rDE.-S_OD_OOS ee eee
‘y ‘Sutszey Sunok $e ‘a9
bong ‘spodeoeag 10440
pue ‘svig7 ‘ajhjoddizy
sunof {'J ‘snpwds ssh yg
“J 6 ‘uyosp, = amsnoyd
-oal0g =< “ds ‘sné
-ynQ **} ‘snsourdsrq sny
-Aypy Suloo‘snavyounmuy’
SNUD]DO -—"}9U-W0440T
‘} ‘Sps
“NPoe TLVwus 5 (929 ‘soda19
wmniyniag) “e ‘etrosny
“Ul *"F “202790 ojsrwayy
“DMT %°8 ‘svusooiuo7
DLoway 8 ‘svuasbiuo?
spug $8 ‘snoryounmuy’
SNUD)NO —-"4OU-99VFING
“SULIIOY [BAIG]
-ysod Moy ev ‘(soyour £z)
SsuLLIEH TL SJ ‘spisnpey
Trews *°e ‘agqbvg <*y ‘swag
-dowoy “j}‘spodeoeq Suno£
AI0A > =8 I bag get
snunjng 3 “ds ‘uobunag £*3
‘Lofvuds snoonso.ysvy $*Iy
‘usa0b sdowyjhag Say “ds
‘sash Say “vyosns pisnpyad
-00L0g “qou-UL0990q
"e “eltosnjuy ‘ve ‘sew.too
-6U0) DLoway $B ‘svat
‘Yystq Sunos pue
‘umedg ‘euney osepeg
ns
“UPeT
66
GOG | 0-0G | 9-TS “M
‘urd GF 'G OF
“UPS ‘ul'd CF ZI
L@ “AON 499
¥-0G | 0-09 | &- 1S “H |"XI NOILvig
“Urey
VG
0-67 | 6-8F | 0-09 “M
‘und 0G "G
04 “urd 0%"g
“Uys “AON 49
LG ‘TITA
¥-0S | 0-09 | ¢-6F7 “| NOLLVLS.
‘ul0y | ‘aoevzy | -qing 2
-yoqg | -ing | Aig “uMOp
[AVL], OUILL,
"TOPO M ary pue ‘oyeq
“UOTFRIS
‘ainqye1ed ula J,
oS ee Re eee Se LL See Se Ss eee SOR Sr ee ae
PNUYLO- ALOT £0 HLA ‘I—"688l ONIUNG ,ANVIYVD, THL GuUvOg NO AAVNW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 GUOOTY—'9 |IGVL
‘su0yyey £[‘Aouered :
SOB: ey,
91
"PFO “eq ‘¥ | aVey
{19j@M MOT ynoqge ‘spisnpey, ‘fe ‘aypbngy | TT
opy fsuomyey $% “F “ds ‘snbynp $3) oth | Ber | 8G
‘fouoredsuvay { 04°81 ‘spodos]—-‘you-u10}30q ‘ud OFF
-epour ‘ees a1vapo ‘Ff "PIsSNpeT OS1eT | “YYRF mg Mahe dA
eo10y “AN pul ne “Se G T 6 Zz : ‘sqep UoWMOD | @ fF ‘agnbhng Sy ‘spod | 7 ATENUe Ll 4STZ
—suruurseq = 4V SIL G sI ia 9T Gky ha : " “Soret g | -OzTqog--"you-soejng 8-Gb | 0-GF | 8-Fh “M} IIT NOLLvig
= ‘suloyyey £z‘Aouered
3 “Suwa — GSI Vv
3 "0¢.0¢ “req "4yeF
3 Sqqo sanoy F ‘py "SNID SNYZ | GT
on) ‘suloyy ey £7 Aoucred ~pubulig **y ‘spodozryog | 0.eF | LaF | GFF ‘H
2 suey { ayerepour oo vee te nee 6 I ; * surg AA | ff ‘s2wagdowoyz, a ‘Ul'® OG'TT
i eras caret wb: Kya Bek ee be sit flere seer are ‘obng—ou-woyog — | “U}ey 0} “UL"® 0G°6
£7% o010F ‘MQ PUTA SL I Sey G ST I ; : yooppeH ‘J ‘spodoziyog fy] 9 AICNUE PZZ
a —Ssuruurseq = 4V eset att tg IT | ‘S4ep ysnor suoT | ‘agning—you-sovyjing | 0.g7 | 0.TF | 0-0F “A\| ‘II NOILVLG
3S
S *SULOYYRT
<a) fz ‘Aouoredsuresy
> {OUTYSUNS OUIOS [FTA : ‘du
~ ‘£pnojo—ysiuy oV ii | qysnoiq Wey OIL
= ‘OF-08 ‘req [Aer 94} JO WOrTp "GFes
a 6 poog moy ii ‘opty me eco eee ove eee eco -U090 poeystjod oyy £q “~ ‘nqyyubny fs)
ie ‘suioyyey $e ‘fous oe Diy spe “ig nes “+ | Ajtedord = Sutysom | ydooxe ‘suistuesio Mey | 0.eF | O.Zh | 9-FF CAL
a -redsuvi} ‘{ ysnor ae oye viel = shied “* | teeq savy 09 poaord | AIOA — “You-W0zj0q ‘urd QT'Z 04
> qeqyer ‘eos { reeyo see fas -. ci we “+ | SBA [MRIZ OTL], ‘J ‘spod ! ‘yey ‘urd 92 ZI
~~ Hi e010} nF pula. eee cee oe eee eee eee "40 -OZIYIG ee! ‘sprisnpeyl $= OL ATeNUe er 4STZ
> -- Sujuurseq 4V ae fe os or ra Lo op TAS Ge Gs. Om ‘ap rhng—"4oU-9deJING L&V | 6-GP | 8-Fh HW] “I NOLLVas
‘ i ON ‘ “UnO} | PONS) “See
SUOTPVAIOSYGO IdY}0 oe oats 2 er SE Bie isis 3 ystg Sunok pue bee SF ak Be I vary, 3t
"SUOI ut dn 448no1 fan “ysl oe ae MCL], SUIT
pue oygvo Ay “PULA | ‘oR OE Savi go wove iiaas Cl ‘umedg ‘eune yy o1seog “TOYS AA ‘ITV pue ie
99 VIQO4IOAUT ‘UST JO ozIg pue JoquInN ‘M01Z249
‘amnyerod ud J,
‘AVG SMHUGNYV LS “[[—'688l YONIYAC ,adNVTUVY), AHL Gavog NO AaCVW SNOILVAYESAQ 40 GuoOoOdYyY—'D FIA VL
Part II] —Eighth Annual Report
92
‘suroyyey Fe ‘Kouored
-suvd——ysiuy Vv
7 ; "68-6Z
‘req =. SULOYYEZ §
‘Kouoredsuvay {poopy
‘aply £ oye1o pour
‘eas furer oly ‘Azey
£ p a0d0y “T'S PUT
~— Buraurseq 4V
‘suoyyey Fe‘Aouorved
“suBll—ysuy iV
"SG-08 “req
{10yUM MOT ‘opty
‘suroqyey kz ‘Aouared
-suvly {o}vlopour
‘eas { Azey ynq euy
*§ e010F “AA PULA
—- Surauiseq 4yV
*suroyyey £z ‘Kouored
“SUBIT——Ysiuy TV
09-08 ‘“1vq + qe F
opi} :suoyywy Z|
‘Aouoredsuvsy { ayer
-epoul “vas £ Azey fe
eol0e "“M'N PUM
—— Ssuuuiseq y¥
"STLOTPVAIOSY GO) 19Y40
pus “‘doyyeoM ‘PULA
fg | 6 | at. at} to | * * Sstopunopg
9 | 9 | 6 IL | 8 |* — ‘squp wommop
&T. a4 j * “ele
A Fi val I I . * *Ker L1re4g
oo ons eee eee Ig I * e a ‘pon
eee eee ee ee ZL l ° ° SRP Een
eee see eee eee LT IT ° : . yoq in],
g 7 59 It FOL T ‘ sqep WOWIULOA
; one vee “ Il I ° * ‘galos MOU]
see eee . eee LT l . D * 9oreld
a ee ee eC ie ote a a eae ie
oS” aa 61 T VG T ; < “GROPP FEL
eee eee eee eee OL I . . . ;
al v cT T 9T I ; * ao
for | T ae 02 | T |° ° ‘oyexs Sorg
Re i a i “ON jsoqouy| ‘ON
dn 4y3
i de _ eae ‘aye JO uorydi1oseq
97V1qQ9}1OATT "YSty JO ozIg puv coquinny
"yt ‘agnbhng $*} ‘snovyounu
-uyf snunpog S*} “nuinu
pajopy say ‘spodeoag
[Bailey — "you-sovjang
"e ‘spIs
-npoy £ "8 ‘aogpebog S41 “ds
‘snbyng—"you-w10} 40g,
‘} ‘agp bog ‘'5 ‘spis
-NpeW--" pou - sovjang
'% ‘snow snyy
-pubulig 2°} ‘svwagdowoy,
Se ‘aqibog {8 ‘spis
-npey —— “Jou-u10yyog
‘ay Ong purse spisnpeyl
Moy VY — “you-oovjang
‘Ysiq Sunod pure
‘umedg ‘vuney o1selog
“TPS
8
¥-00 | Z-0F | 0-06 ‘A
‘und QT'Z 04
“Yes ‘ud OL'SL
g Worley YWI6T
L-OF | §OF | OTP M)} “I NOLLVLg
“pes
9L
§-Sb | 8-CP | 0-9F ‘S
‘ud 0%
"YVRy 0} U00U ZI
I ALenuv pe PZ
0-6) | Lb | GPP ON! “A NOWVLS
“YPES
9
8-ZP | 0-LTPh | O88 °M
“UL'® 0§"6
“UFRJ 0} “ULB 0Z'L
OL AIVNULE PZZ
0-SF | GSP | 8-98 H |"AI NOMWVLS
ul} | ‘e0Ry ‘qa ag |
“pod | ang da ‘uMOp
[AVL UNL,
"1048 MA “ITV pue ‘oyeq
“UOI{v4g
‘ornye10d ula J,
“panuiyjuoo—AVEY SMAUGNY LS “[[—'688l ONIUNG ,aNVIUVY), AHL GUvog NO AACVW SNOILVAUSAO AO GUOONY—') WIAVin
*SUIOY IR] G |
‘oueredsuviy ° qqe | |
‘oplhL—ystag 4V
93
91-6 “eq : ; “ayes
£ suoyyey eg ‘kouax eee eee eee ene £0¢ i ° e . pop “F anqpubny £9
-edsue1y {poop opry sed SST a es, ool alin die pea tT {°° ° (Ha | SF “wyosps wisnnyd | %.0F | $-0F | 9-07 “A
¢ qjoours ‘ves ¢ Azey S) G OL 8 TL P : ; ‘sropuno,q | -oaog —— 4ou-t10}}0q ‘ud OFF
ayy, @ £Z% «eo10y a. — ~ | a a sqep wouLuoD "Ystqqns Sulyeoy | “y7ey 0} ‘ud ¢Z'Z
en Sq ‘Gq PULA oo ore 9 g Q t ; : : ad SUWOS Jnq Suryjou poutry yd ole, WILT
; ——suruuyseq = 4V OL GP GL vP GT aa S * “soretg | Wop. — “qou-sovjang 0-0F | &-0F | 0-LP “M| “AT NOILVvag
rs "STOTT IVI :
S ‘Koueredsuvs} {poopy "I “90bD9109 UNI
= ‘opty $f 90I0Z “A'S Sedan A aot. oo ge | FS 7 pop) “Opnasd «sei
= PUM—|siuy 3V He a ee ce cI iL ig gna Ue 1 ee E ‘JF ‘sywamnbuop
RM "6F-GG “req a ee, I IT ui * ‘8qup ysnor suoT | swq — Gages ee nits E “Yves
a ‘sumoyjzey @ ‘Aouered os Ht ae, id Sol I ; ; “SrepuUnoyy ‘F ‘snoqyoumuuyl G
S -SUBI} $ Toye MOT ZY gee Sar ice ma I x sqep TOUTMO/ SNUDIDY) 3 E; DLYyoIna 8-07 V-OP L-1¥ “M
eo ‘opty £ yyoours ‘eas aii “ts ii ag T : : ; os aouphng “3 spodrydury ‘ure OST
> ¢urer omy ‘Azey 6g EL‘ at Ski SE te ee =e DG fs Seti Pee jeemmecth TOGIO 5 «ok BEIO ORUURE | UP ey 0} “W'S 0F'6
s eo10y “ASA PUM ia! IT GT L LT i Be er a aes a Ee . qolenW WI6T
& — Suruuiseq V ze rs L G #11 T : * ‘oyeys Aor) | VaZ0PT — “JoU-sdBJINg 0-0F | T-OF | ¢-0F “H | IIT NOILvig
“poop ‘apl} ‘yyoours
> ‘eas f[ o10f “WN
S| Pumas 4¥ ae os Pe |
Ss i 98.6 “req | a Ped ae Bo eee qyey
eee Gy & jor eae ( eOPUNOLT L
<suvi} * poop ‘opt Se ee ge g 8 J er | G-OF | 9:0F | 1h "MM
Eo ‘ysnor ‘eos { ured &Q T SII T OL e : sqep WoultIOD ‘urd G'z
3S 0} Suluput ‘Np a % — em gL T : * ‘gatos WoULerT ‘Tuo aybogy | *yyey 0} ‘UL'e Ch’ TT
| ) 22003 -0'S PUL 4 I 6 I Ot: fe. Soh fee ae MOF Y — “ou-ul0}og éI yore UST
—suruurseq = FV ae eI OL | 264 Ft GWG cetinecenes ele STN "pou-aoujing =| 0.0% | GOP | 3-68 A] “II NOlivas
; ‘ : "TU04 | “ooBs | “QING
ee oS seyouy] “ON [soyouy] “ON |seyouy] “ON Sane og | -mg | iq _ “MOD
*SUOT}CAIOSGO Jeyjo | urdn yysnou : “ystq Sunok pur SSS eee
pue erased es M| ‘OR ante exe Jo wordrroseq ‘amedg ‘euney o1selog *I9Y@ MA “ITV ease ‘ayeqd
9}VIGOZAIAUT "YStq JO ozIg pue Jequinyy “HOI}EIS
‘91nje10duley,
pein lee To se en a ap a ee
‘panuyuor--AVG SMIXANY LY *[I—'6S8l ONIUAG ,ANVIUVH), FHL GuUvog NO ACVW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 duoouy—"D AIAVL
Part I1I—Eighth Annual Report
94
‘suoyyey £7 ‘Aouored
-SuUvIy [97'V1OPOU ‘vas
$Ivopo fg e010} “MA
PULM—qIUG IV
"F8-6G°'Teq ‘suoyyey
Z ‘fouoredsuery
: 93118 “eos {Apnoyo
*g 9005 ‘AA PULA
—— Suruurseq 4V
‘suroyyry FT ‘Aouored
AUGLL— -Ysuy +V
"$8.62 “Teq ‘sul yey
VA ‘fouoredsuvsy
[o4V1Opourvas f1BaTO
* 1 aodog “AA PULA
— Suruuiseq 4V
"SULOYFRS §
‘foudredsuvsy {109M
MOT ‘opty £ yZoous
“Bas $7 OIOJ “W'S
PULM-—Ysuy IV
: ‘6-66
‘eq f UlOYaRy
‘fouoredsuvay { qo
‘Opry fozeropous “vas
Sure oyty ‘Azey fF
9010} “HSH PULAL
— Suruurseq 4V
"STOTYVAIOSG() 1040
pue ‘oyzee A “PUTA,
MMROAN R190 FARAH HNMAN
HAOOnMOnMMrR
‘ON. [soyouy
seKr TMNT, ON |sotouy
ut dn 4y8no1q
“on “eune iT
098.1 9910AUT
"YSLT JO oz1g pur roqunyy
‘sprvuims woulul0g
7 ot SBUTT MA
ce
. ce
: sqep WOUIUIOZ
; * ‘9[os uoWeT
. . . ce
. . . ‘QTR a
* Ker yoequioyy,
‘sprvums hei
* ‘srepunozT
* — ‘sqep mwoULUIOD
° . ce
. . QOTRT. di
* Ker youqusoeyy,
; * ayonsdun’T
‘sprevuins UOULUIO,)
" * ‘sxooppeH
“
. 14 “
: ‘sqep UOUIULOD
. . ce
> SOS
‘oye, Jo wordr1osoq
"JF YS [waarey £‘F ‘anggubgy
‘‘y ‘spromrdg = ypearry
Sy ‘eoovurny Sunok faz
‘snovyowouuy = snunjznp
Say ‘sauwoobuo? vLow
“af S*wl0o = ‘srvwasrbuo?
sng —— *you-ul0jjog
“SULYZOU POUT
“U0, —— “you-aovping
‘ystq Sunok pure
‘umedg ‘vung OLselog
GGP | 0-6F ‘A
bd 0 0 Gn 24 06
0} "UL"e CQ")
Tady 4961
9-2F | 38h 'M | “II NOLLVig
O-€h |G LF MA
“Ul ‘d U9
04 bal the O'F
THdy 981
0-8) |0-L2b “WH | ‘I Nolivig
GOF | 9-0F 'S
"Uz"? 056
OF “UI"8 GZ'L
(ore W6L
L-OF | 0-0F "N | “A NOTLVIG
“O0By ya
"aus ad ‘UMOp
[Mvay, CULL,
"TOP! MA “ITV pue ‘oyvq
“WOTFR4S
‘o1nqe10d way,
“‘panuypnwoo— AVY SMAAGNY LG ‘[[—-"688l ONIUNG ,GNVIUVYH, AHL AUVOG NO AAVW SNOILVAUASIO AO GNOOIY—'O WIAVL
95
td e 5 6c 13
6 9 | 6 | %t | srt | ‘Sspxeums pesos
. eee . ose val T e . by ulqI
zo ae a age 7 See Sa ae ‘sy00DPUH ‘syyey
me ay ele ea ake Meee :
"FQ.6Z “IVq {suL0yyey L t. 8 a. st 2 y ow rk non euoT O-Th | O-8F | o8F "N
E ‘ouoredsues g & : :
Z oredsuery 9
mS fySnoz ‘eas ¢ Apnoyo ¥L. ae Le c Tee es ara a 3 tee) Se
S 9 = AM Pulm A ae Sea} ae Rc. 05 (yA |p mam es ante ait
—— SUIUUISO ore eee one eee 7 ‘ ‘ : 5
= tuuIseq 3V =| Sa ae 8 Aer Arreyg LIF | Gr | 0-6F ‘S| “A NOLLVag
S "$8.66 “Teq feaoqe ‘
© | peu mean ge | bk 2 Lae | et eine oe
Ss oe pe toe Bele tL G 6 g TLL G eet gs foal | 8-Th | GGP | 8-TS “M
. ‘q3noa“vos ‘4S¥010A0 & 6 Bs ae 3 : pete ewes : Bro Sig
"E | £9 20007 AN PUTA ‘tt | g9 | 3t | 92 se + fore en ther
= ~-Suraurseq av SE siete S56 ap Aa ¥9 . ‘ker soe ld : 6 THdy 4961
S “sare TOL T Sth acne LIP | 0-€F | 8-8F “HW |"AT NOLVLg
; ‘suo yyey 7 ‘foue , ss gee IL g Sol F ‘sprvuinS WOULD
ay a ee ee lee mee es
8 tov blSed 20 oe Pray eee. A ZW} he os, hae Men erp "Yay
x Lis GT :
“es “ieq {sumoyyey | 2 8 aera Ps .
cS (poewaedearh pon ar A oe ms o S : i ead OP | tees urd 9¢
-opour “eas § Apnoyo gz z z } : ee) ake 3 “ul" v
eS | Uameey i path ae pe ws 04 ud OF
*" —Suruurseq Date se ae U. ot I a L dy U36T |
> gate 0 | T |: * ‘oqeys fer LTP | o@p |F-T¢ “ALN II sb!
nee ieee saqouy] “ON [seyouy] “ON [seyouy| “ON | - Be ete Bed |
‘sm01qeArasqQ zay30 | utdn 4y8norq © |—-A- % 2 7 o wanes ‘ystq Sunok pue ase = pudgy oon’ |
¢ Ce ¢ : ; 089 ‘ u °
pure 1yyea A ‘pul atten neue ain Bt See Se? OTL F ey da umedg ‘euneg o1sepg "1948 AA “ITV pure ‘aaeq ©
; : : | ‘uolye39 |
‘omnyerodura J,
“‘PAInuyuogI—AVY SMAAAGNY LS “Lirz 683i ONIVNG ,aNVTUVY), AHL GUvog NO ACVK SNOILVAUHSAO HO AuoOoNYy-—'D WIG ViL
Part III—Eighth Annual Report
96
"‘SULOYYRY
fF ‘foueredsuvsy
{poopsimoy Zz Ajreou
SPRL ——UWereg Vv.
"C).6G “Teq ssuLOYyeyT
fe = ‘ouoredsure1y
$JegVM MOT ynoqge
‘epi ‘yjgoous ‘vas
‘ug ynq Tap f¢
e010} “T'S PUL
—-suruulseq = +V
*SULOYYRI
&, ‘fouoredsuesy
‘pooy ‘epry ‘yyZoouls
‘eas fg ad10J “A'S
PULA —qsray FV
“LL-66
£-Teq * SULOT}By Sp
‘fouoredsuvsy § MOY
aInoY Sp qnoge ‘opty
* #qST8 ‘eos foul
gnq ‘T[up {PF so105
“g Aq “M'S PUL
—suuuiseq = 4V
*SUOT}VAIOS() 1940
pue ‘roq7vo My “PULA
9 8 y 6 8 LE
6 LT OT L IL P
me =A 1 e IT t
cy Rs 9 T OT Z
- ad | a fa a
eee eee eee eee &Q T
9 0¢ L ¥g 8 al
6 al OT 6 II
9 ae & 7 sT | 78 T
6 oT | fOr | FE | FEL | ar
6L €T ia! g cT G
; Tiviee eee eee . ze T
€T I oI SG 81 2
= re 9 € L él
6 GP OT 1€ i T
GL G &T SG or |
23 BE fh. ine |
9 vg L Té 8 96
6 &@ OL 9 II €
een eee eee eee £8 T
oS ee ae T L cT
8 €1 6 I Or él
Il G él 61 éT 06
tI &@ oI G xg T
ae oa IZ I €@ 1
seyouy| “ON |seyouy]) “oN jsoyouy| *o
‘ONT [MRI youy) “ON |soyouy; “ON jseyouy) “ON
ut dn 4y8n01q
‘om “eune,y
87819} 1OAUT *YsTy JO ozIg puv Joqmny
. ce ce
‘spreumy) WUOWULOZD
* SSUTQTIT AA
‘ * SyooppeH
. . “904, In,
: e ‘JapunozL 7
) « 66 ce
. o 66 6e
* ‘sqep mouIUIOD
. . 74
. . . «6
“eoreld
‘ker <pueg
* ‘Ker youquroyy,
. ce ce
. ce ce
‘spreumns WOULWIO(A
* ‘sqep ysnor Suo'yT
cé “
. 6c cc
: ‘sqep UOULULOD
: * ‘seTos WOWe'T
ce
. . .
. . . 74
. . . ce
‘QTR I
f see yoevquioyy,
‘ayVy, JO uodioseq
*(susdouohay
“punjog) ‘uod «= ‘spisn
-peyl **F ‘syouearqijomey
ofiquigg {*} “wwunwp.ow
aupwag ‘3 ‘spodoztyog
Tearey fy © ‘spodeoep
[eare'yT —— ‘you-u10930q
“IJ “Gao Ysy f*J ‘SpisnpoyT
‘‘y‘spodoayses oArquiy {°F
‘(oSe4s8-pooesysQ) HDT
‘} ‘spodoziqog [earey
Sy ‘spodvooq = [vaarryt
‘a ‘snqnwuny sabndouwuap
$1 ‘2vuoswagnd DLa007DUL
-OUP SIy ‘snovyounwmuy
snunng %*¥ ‘svusooiuo7
nLowa J -—"JoU-doejINgG
*y “ao YSY £(200ag
‘nuyjog) *} ‘spisnpey,, ‘*4
‘wobhunsy Sunok {*y “epod
-edog —"you - u109}0q
‘J “@ao YSy £(°027 ‘a0uagq)
$*y ‘spisnpoy, {az ‘(0548
-poor1ysQ) wong Sunok
Say ‘spodeooq [earey
£ J'snavyounwuuy snunyyy
fa ‘s2usooibuo)? DLoway,
‘"y ‘sngouny sabndouqwag
se “1uosuaqgnd DuLa007 DW
-OUp -— *you-ovjang
"ystq Ssunodk pur
‘umedg “euney o1sevlog
“YyeT
9
G-6F | L-E¢ | 2-89 “A
‘ud CL 04
“TZBS “ure JT TL
IL oun? UPL
6-8F | Fo | 8-9 “H | ‘IT NOLLVLS
“sqyey
Il
0-6F | 0-€¢ | 0-19 “Hl
‘urd ggg 04
"SyqRy ‘an‘d CTT
9 oun? UyFT
€-6F | 0- FS 9-08 09 “AA| “I NOILVig
“u104 “90R] ‘qnug
jog | -ang | Arg ‘UMOP
[MI], OUT,
*IOYVM “ITV pue ‘oyeq
“WO1qeIG
‘oinye19d una J,
‘PONUYUVOI—AVE SMTYGNY LG ‘T[—‘688l PNIUAG ,GNVIUVH, FHL auvog NO AGVW SNOILVAUTSAQ 40 ANODIY—'O WIAVAL
DT
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
*SUIOY4VY
S, ‘Soucrvdsuvay
“qqe smoy $F ATTNy
“OPH fg e0I0F MS
PUILM—YsIUy 9V
; : 99-66
‘eq {suloyyey Sp
‘Aouoredsursy §qqa.
‘smoy §% yuoqe ‘opty
4ysls ‘eos ‘fAzey
ons & ‘oug ‘F-¢
S0L0F “A'S'S “PULM
—Suluuiseq 4V
"SULOYI VT
fp = ‘Aoueredsuery
109@M MOT Ieau ‘apry
"-G 92103 “ASS
Fy eerie Vv
"hl.66 ‘req {sul0y}4%)
fy = eens ctakanesh
*qq9 SInoy F yNoqe
‘apy {yjoows ‘eas
‘Azey 91941] B ouy {Z
0105“ AAS" PULA
--Suluulseq 4VY
"MOT}VAIOSYQ 19430
pue Joy}Ve Ay “PULA
"panUuYyUuoo—AVY SMTYUINY 1S II—"68e1 oxruada ANVTUVY,
‘JON [MULL
ur dn 9y8no1q
‘on “euney
2}21G97.1AUT
ES hee
ene Z
aur baci
kes
SG
Z 6
eg
06 | 6
Ge. | ot
ate a0)
It 6
4 BY
8 9
0 | 6
i SI
ees
9% | OT
6 SI
-"Ystg jo aztg pue r1oquinyy
09
g
AN
AHAOCnMOnNHeH
ar
seyouy] ‘ON |soyouy! “oN |soyouy] ‘on
CO
‘ * ‘ysy reqgng
' ‘reyons-dun'T
66 46
‘spreumns TOWUWOD
‘ * ‘srepunozpqT
14 it3
3 ‘sqep MWOULUIOD
. ° 6e
e e ° ¢¢
a - . e ‘QOIR], ei
* ‘Ker youquroyy,
: * ‘ageys £14)
e
; ‘1OYSC]-19Y} 2,7
ce “
“6 \ (66
‘spreuIns UOWULOD
. - 66 6eé
e ee 66
* ‘sqep MoWULOD
e . 66
e ° e sé
‘ooreld
‘ome, jo uoldr0seq
GHL Guvog NO GAVW SNOILVAUASAQ 40 quooay—'O TIAVL
‘J “BAO YSy f*Uloo ‘spisnp
dq £1 ‘spodosysexyy 0£1q
Ug £(99%48-pooe14sQ) "4
“unypog ‘ay ‘spodeosg
yearel fy ‘svu.c09vbuo07
nLowmay J ‘snorvyounuuy
SNWD)1D)—*4OU-U10} 40
‘(oyauny “our
0g ‘“nyonugomnayg) £°f
‘spisnpoy £*y ‘spodeooq
Teale, fF ‘s2w.10006u07
DLOWAT, **} ‘snovywnmuy,
SnNUN]DJ—"JOU-BdVJANG
: *} “@Ao
ysy fu0d §=6‘spisnpoyT
"J ‘(oS¥48-poor14so)
wong s} ‘spodeoeg
TeArel fF ‘snovyounwmwy
Ssnunjpyy **} ‘svusosbu07
plow, J, —"49U-W04 407
‘IJ “8AO YSY
‘spodoaysexy ofsIquie
‘(spumAyorrq pue uob
-UDA)) Spodeoeq TRAIRT
SJ ‘uwosuagnd »1a007 nu
-OUP S*} ‘snynuny sabnd | Z.8F | g-G | 0-16 A
-OLqUAQD °F ‘srvuawmbuo7
smpig $*w0o ‘szwLoozbuo? |'syyey
‘suqey
Ae
8-6F
“BYP EJ
9
¥-6F
‘SU}Cy
II
pLoway Sy ‘snoyunuuy | FF
SNUD)1D)-—"9U-9deFING
‘ystq Sunof pue _
‘umedg ‘euneg o1selog
urd ¢c"OT 04
"UL"? 6G"g
oun? UF
G-6F | 0-F9 | -69 “M| ‘TIT NOLMVIS
‘ul0} | ‘aovy] ‘qmng | | .
90g | -Ing | Aiq |* eumop |
[SPRL OCIS, |
POLLING IIy | pus ‘oyeq
: “TOT eAS
F-FS | ¢.6G “AN
‘urd OT", 0}
: "urd GG
“pune UIT
| &49 | 0-29 “| “AT NOLLVLg
‘omnzeroduiay,
eS OF 5, SS Oe ome ia
ee? s
ee
cet cts co eee Bre
4
seo
son $y ‘sxmvooriuoy | “yaey| = oe
Qa =
| 29-64 ““xeq ‘suroy7zey 4 *- ‘srepunolq Pens Ne
‘Aoueredsuvsy | -Anpy {*y “ds | Sg op. | Zz gc pees iter ss pLowasz Sy snoywnwuuy | TT |} et: a
‘poop =sinoy FG | ‘smuagsy isnt | 6 sé | OL | * — ‘sqep UoMUI0D | snumpyp—‘you-ui0}0q | 2.99 | 1.99 |9.19 “H|
ss: | Sepa. fqjOOUIS ‘was | -nbnd woop | g | 12 | 6 | FL epee ‘snqaiyy yews rea | Pik ol
ee SRA 8 SONOS umoIs-Fey | Zl | 8G | Fel | 82 BREST OMT | OMS. ATOM ol MMOL || UIT ’
x “MANUAL PUM | T. a ‘sngns ces see 6 I ’ ‘“ ie -OMNIDT ‘puUNyog) "ay ‘SpIrs 9 & fas ysnsny ‘WI9T Ps +e
—suruuiseq FW | -0ysnunwog | For | Z 0 | 1 * ‘Ker yoequioyy, | -npey{ — “you-sowymg =| 6.99 | G2E | 0-T9°M | ‘I NOLLVILg haa
nenenecnanenenine _ “a gc hep @ te RACES + ia Badae tl +; Feet Samy aaa:
g | “a boaters -
g Bi Spenatios a1 SPC RO=E ; =
Ss ‘uohunig) ‘} ‘spo Be : :
—-Booq, «[earey = { (seseqs ae %
r sniydnexy pue podedog)
8 a, #° ‘ I ‘Qouosvig | ‘J “wunjng fswniwva :
; S — ? ¢ e sniglag ‘%*¥ ‘s2U.tooihuo7
y 9 ge L vg 6 - % nLoway, + *F'snovyououury’ fest! :
“. 6 6L IL 6 ¢ | ‘sprvuims uourulog | snwn7nQ—"you-1U0}40gq
— eee aes see : T e . ‘SSUTIqIT_ AA *S1ayoOns
ne *SULOYYEI CG $y I So I I : . me -dumy {ews g pur
5, De aay eg Re Or | 2 [8 tes ee I |* ‘ . syooppeH | ‘qsy Sunod “(; sprvum) )
i smmoy Z ‘aply '44ST]s 7a ES oS et Gee ie 2 “| Sy ao sy fF ‘Spisnpoyl | “Tey )
; ‘ag — ystug 4V 6 I OL I T * ‘sqep ysnor SuoTy | { (sprmmiyowlg pue woh | FT
| L6G ‘req ‘SULOYZ Vy as = g I I : ss es und) *t ‘spodeoog [va | ¢.9F | 619 | 0-29 ‘N}
fre Aousredsinay ee ee ce ee oe TS Ree oe “Tey fy “Qwupurpsow sup |
ee : poopy gnoqe ‘epy So GI 6 g I . ‘sqep WOWIULOD | -vamg f*¥'2vwos.1aynd 0.09907
Syjoours ‘eas {Azey ee see aa *< I * ‘sejos UOMO | -nwoup "3 ‘srwashuo? ‘urd Oe'F
: a ab $g d010J _ a 6 8% Gp |’ " : ‘ a spi “3 ‘agtuntOoN Duo} DLO “UFey 03 ‘urd Gz.z
< S 4q "O'S PULA igi 92 €1 gI ae Bs : * feorelg | way *'¥ ‘snovyoumwmuyl | FET | unt W4eT
—Suluuiseq JV Be Rn Z~| I T . ‘Avr WouGUIOUL | snwpyyy——"7ou-soejMG 9-09 | L-€¢ | 9.99 “S| ‘A NOLLVilg |
; ‘a "wo4 | ‘oowz | “qin, ;
4 "aN any seyouy] ‘ON |soqouy ON |soyouy res og | -mg| iq ope :
va "SUOTPVAIOSGG Jey3O | ut dn 4yy8no1q 52 ‘ys Sunof pue MBIT, OUIL, |
pu ‘1oyzVo ny ‘pula | “oz “vuneg CAS 50. WoppR pears ‘umedg ‘vuneg o1selog "IOYC MA ‘ITV geen a!
’ 048.14 0}10A UT ‘YSly JO ozIg puy soqumyy “MO1Z848
me : ‘omnze1oduray,
‘a 3 meneame ee a eT
98
*‘Panuyjuoo—KVG SMAYGNY LG ‘JI—'688l YNIYaAd ,aNVIUVH, AHI
aquvog NO GAVW SNOILVAUGSAQ JO GuoOeY—‘O WIACVL. _
= == SE - =... - a we or a Se gt al a i > ;. ~ . . -_ a — a _" +. ™.
: Nt ef Aur a SPIE ELIF Ge RADE Ee eae ee, OEE BT ee EN PT i 0 ante Sate Oe ee ee ee
~ oe 2. ; ‘“ Crd arte ee
~ / - t é ro = y. ' Z . cr } ~~ “se ~ bs ss r ~ sy e +. ite o.
i - 4 Fata De ie
S = $ - a a4 2 re
: * . aa _ , * « * & Fags
; - P ee
‘ : = “2 :
“ A “a
= ~ a Ke nt;
o
: ‘omeredure TL,
=p)
= = “pawphig
pus = ‘oyauny
- £ psodvwpsq . -
wayyy “ousnig *(, preums
> £9D9INID aAYpOt y 4 Sumaz8y) ysy. sunof
< yd oy wngon . _£19A OMY 10 BO {°F ‘8027 ; E
cz hip wnwohs -UDUNDYT SF “ryonug ) :
=< Sr ‘snpunyudag | lng $$ T “0M0000- . |
2 2 S ‘SULOY YY ; ‘Koua snunbndngz punoopnasg Snursojvyt . |
sh = -redsuviy $qqo $| fy ‘sewmepru . . pue snxyipg Bunok .
. = Ajreou ‘opty éxpnoyo snMmyogy pue | ATaA fl “uUMUpLOW
a Ss Zurutossq qoqyVaAy | f°} ‘snunnpaars | ST T GI So St Bie ' : ‘Te[suy “aupoage {*x ‘snbywop
‘= DB — ysug 4V “8p sagshog 3h he ae ae t | Se Ss *% ‘Say ‘spodeoeq = [eareT
a T1.6% “aeq. | Sy ‘sngngoun09 | g 6 6 1 2 tL 8 spreums uourmoy | faz ‘svuaubuor sor | “yyey .
a. = {‘sutoyyey Se ‘Aouad | svigy f*y ‘snyps | °° i pies, cogs. 5821 | T . ‘ ‘sropunopy | ‘ay ‘s2utoobuo) pioway | SL
= S| -edsuexy — f 104m | ~joy snumuog | ¢ 8F | 9 lg | 8 SST | * * rs *"W09 = ‘snoryounuuy’ | 0.9G | #-9G | 0.89 “A x
ax x sty Ioxje ogg, *B | ffsuagnusnw3 | §G 6F OL OL | SIL | & gs | ‘sqep WOWIMOD | snwn7)nD- —"you-U10430q :
53 Ss ‘aply {eqyeaepout "eas 37 ‘ap “(nn eee eee basse see OL ; T « . ‘gaTos uouLery 7 “MYyoD.Lg “UL"? OF’
Pe > -eug. ‘Aaey o[yyt] S|. wow. £[}80u1) §g 06 | 8 The Ob oh Es eee ona ‘¥ ‘spodeoag | yyey 0} “UL"8 OF'9 ce.
“Tea a ‘g eor0y “A PULA | poom-vos . JO| ZT | LL | FL | 06 | OT | 8 ‘+ + Goretg | yeare, fy ‘sxwauhuop | $9 qsnsny YI9T -d
ae capoet Se) te Fes | Raed: «Vy oe Pie IS RE 6I | T | ° ‘set yoequiogy | saq — ‘you-soezing | 8.9¢ | 0-29 | 9-19 “AA | “II NOLS +3
oes iS) £
a> 4 ‘I ‘sprjouu "'
Ss iS . . Bunok § ‘aj leehnahe 3%.
2 = : *po9eM-B989T9}4T] © Trews ‘{'utoo ‘agnhing Be
ee aa ‘puodnunuquapy |} “| ** ZI I FI T : : : ‘a9[suy ‘3 ‘spodiydury sunof “panunquod >
= s ‘sm0yyey F ‘fous | pur ‘own | 2 GE oe (a HEE S *(, snungwog ‘aphjodday) — urd OFF a
oS smedsuery ‘poop = | -nyuay ‘wmup | St | F val T GT T PpaetrDS uowulog | spodeooq earey £ ‘J 03 ‘urd 9e'% oa
| ‘Opty fg eor0y “Ag | -wapngy fy ‘oya | °° ites sd Z L | T * SSUIITLM | “uunuplow aupnag Sy qsnsny 491 3
PUM ——ysiag yy | ny Sy Swng | reg Kote | eed 6 T * ‘sqep ySnor SuoT | ‘ds ‘snfryng fsruauabuo7 ‘I NOLLVLS |, ae
= —— RR ete sateen REGS : : a
| ‘ON |soyouy] ‘ont |seyouy| ‘o UUOG «f OO8s : ne >
: "JON [MUTT wes Bead ee eu Ses ee yb: ' se “og | tng . z ea
| ‘SUOTFVAIOSGO Isyjo | ut dn yysnor : ‘Ysiq Sunos puv moet
pue sare etoan fast MI SOR eantg.” . oYBy, Jo uoditoseq ‘umedg ‘eune 7 Toate?! 1942 MA } -
} _ | 97erqez1eauy ‘YShq JO zig pue Joquinyy | +,
}
BF ets, ce ee SMEUGNY 1G “]I—"6881 ONIUAC ,aNVTYVH, FHL auvog No aavin SNOILVAUASIQ. JO aqaoo1y—"9 adv
™~
wpe
it? ve 47 4
7
43
. ae re oe
Tie bs te i
<
ot. \
£
‘cn ok
ae
Part III—EKighth Annual Report
100
*SULOYZ RT
e - ‘koueredsuesy
$99.62 “teq poog
‘simoy 7Z% ynoqe ‘epry
'g e0t0} “MN M
PRA DAY:
“TL-66 . “T8q
fsuoyyey $p ‘Aouar
-edsuviy [107eM MOT
‘aply foy¥iepour “vas
fuer 0} Suruypout
‘q8¥0I0A0 {G-f 9010}
“MSM PULL
(—suruurseq = 4V
“SUIOUF¥S €
‘fouoredsuery {qqa
moyq [ Alny ‘opr
‘p 9010y “M'N'M
PULM-—Gerag tV =
"89.6 “2
fsumoyyey ¢ ‘Aoue
“sueI} { 10gVM SIT
Ivau ‘opty {ay e1epoul
‘eos ‘ oulysuns
eulos W4IM ‘Apnoyo
*f 9010F “AA PULL
——Suruurseq = 4V
*STOTFVAIOSG() JOJO
pus ‘194989 4 “PUTA,
“DOU WOT
APetyo ‘poam jo
Ayyuenb [peus
® tuy ‘vaunhip
Sy ‘oyauny
‘ ({[euIs) T
‘snunhyna ofyoT
Sy “ds ‘snwagsy
{-ulod) = ‘sns
~J0Y SNUNBLOT
"DUD
-VUUT dUIOS
{(eSre]) [ ‘nzna7
NID arpo.1ydy
("ys ‘snqnsjoy
snuniwog $°f
‘780300007 + nyd
-hpborydg "5
‘suagnt $0099
“Sy fi ‘naunlig
$UL00 ‘nVaun
“PON [ACL
ut dn 4y8no1q
‘ow ‘eune,y
09V1Q9Z.1OAUT
agarose soe SS ee ee a ed) Oe oe Se
ie &T T LT T
‘a we L LT 8 Ke
6 FL IL LT FL i
ata oe a aa eT q
9 I 8 T 6 8
ot ai IT Gg as G
ss _ 9 v l 1@
8 g 6 G Il G
7 $c ~e od G aL
9 6¢L | 2 6IT | 6 Lt
Ot 0% IT v FG I
an - ae ys Cl l
0Z T IZ T 8T €
G T 8 G ot G
“! on =F = 6 -
OL € 6L j ST T
soyouy] “ON |sayouy! ‘oN |soyouy] ‘on
“UST JO 021g pues roquin 7
* opsuy
ee 6é
‘sprvuIns UOULULOD
Ch Se ae
‘s1opunoyq
‘ 66
e .
° ‘
: sqep WOUIULOD
. . “
* . . cc
. ° e ‘99018
eld
. iad “
‘* er youquioyy,
: ‘sqep UOUIULOD
. . “
‘a0relg
‘Oye, JO uoydiw0seq
“DYYIDLQOMNIDT
Moy B@ pue ‘spodrydury
pue gwng jeaieaos
‘pues jo A4y4uUenb
Vo — = *70u-wl0z0q
“ay “peyon.tg
-O1NyAq ‘sisdouolisa
‘spyununny sy, ‘tsnsourd
-829q snghiyp * “ay “vsonxagfl
sesh — ‘you-soejang
‘poinjdni pue pues yt
PTTL —— "9eu-u10zj0q
‘F “OR “mnyonug
-01NIT ‘3 ‘spodeoaq
Tearel fy ‘svwmasabuoz
sing — ‘yeu-s0Rvjing
"Gsiy Sunos pur
‘umedg ‘eune 7 o1selog
“TPES -
¢ 3
T-ZG | @LG | 0-09 “MA
wd %0
“YF PF “Und CGE
9 qsnsny W391
6-99 | 0-29 | 8-29 “H |"AI NOLLVIg
"Uses
8
8-99 | 0-89 | 0-29 "M
‘ul’d ‘9
“YPeF 0} “Ula FHF
at qsnsny Y4CT
0-99 | 0-69 | 8-19 “MH |"ITI NOLLvig
"Ul0y | ‘a0Ry amg
“yog | -mg | Aig ‘uMOp
[MBIZ, OUT,
“OFEM. “aTy puv ‘oyeq
“WO1}BIS
‘eingerodulay,
101
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
;
‘smoyyey F ‘Aouored
surly fg eo10f “A'S
PUM—YsUy FV
LP-6G°"Teq ‘suLoyyey
© ‘Aousredsuery
‘poop ‘epyy fyyzoours
“eas ‘ou = pu
repo Ayayeropour
°G_9010F “AA PULL
—suyuuiseq = 4V
‘suloysey Sp ‘Aouared
“SUeI} 'qq9 sInoy ¢
‘opLy--ystuy 4V
"GL-6G “Leg ssuLoyyey
S ‘oueredsues4
“qq Tey ynoqe
‘aptly feyerepout ‘vas
‘qsto10A0 Surui000q
"PF S9TOS” AN PULA
——Sujuurseq 4
Fe
*SUOTPRATOSGO 19430
pue “1oy780 AA “PULA,
F ‘DLenyngwag
SJ} ‘pwodvunsg
-wayy Sy “ds
‘smiwaqepy —$"F
‘npsoddpd .ajsp
-709' {1 ‘snunbod
aoung 5° ‘snqws
-J0Y snunjlog
“J ‘oyauny
“‘pLodvuniquayy
“‘D1bDINGN TZ,
“UnLpUapnA
-y ‘wngopbep
wmnwuohny $*}
‘snunppanissDo
sagshuog $3 ‘sng
794009 =sphyT
‘3 “ds ‘snunbod
ig S~ “nyna2
“NID agrpoLyd yy
aig! ‘snqpsjoy
snunlog ‘*3°ds
‘sn1waysp Spoon
-eas Jo Ay1quenb
Q51P] Vv
“FON [MOET
ut dn 4y8no1q
“on “euney
0481Q94.10AUT
4
Ss 725 ig EE gee
orl se
9 I 8 g 6 ra
Orr < TT he Sj
Ut = : 9 ! :
OT 6208. 1 6 eee
SI | ¢ |%ct | t | $0r T
Gl w ah a = r
l 9 8 6 |% | 9
821 T= ele GL T
ae Sao r «| g
eS ej Cae fh a Me ey
ht o. ct L, ¢ =
9 Zz L L | §& #g
o. CY A, vv pF ee ig
a oe 6 L- | fot | 6¢
GL 219 BE SOLr +t GL s-8
eae lm oy iia ae TT
Soqouy] “ON |seqouy] ‘on |seyouy] ‘on
"Shy JO ozIg pue Joquinyy
a ees vcore ee Se ke i . . ‘ - : .
*“PanunjquoI—IV SMAUGNY LQ *[I—'68sl OSNIGNG ,adNVIUV, FHL aquvog NO adv SNOILVAUASAQ 10 GuooTy—‘|9. aTavVi +
,
‘spivumms uouwru10g
« 6¢ (3
; ‘sqep tomo,
e e 6%
e ° 4 e ce
‘Q01R[q
* = ‘her yorquioyy,
e ° e
es 6é
‘spreuins uoututo;)
te 6é
: ‘sqep ysnor BOT
‘ — ‘sqep uouutog
: * ‘g[0os uoulerT
° e . ce
; ~ -SOTeid
' ‘Ket youquroyy,
‘oyV], JO uotzdi10seq
"DIAASNUL 1077290 FAT
sunok Atos [ so0uag
‘DYUDUNDYT ‘nryan.g
-OLnaIT ‘9 ‘sutagdowo,y
"3 ‘suuipy Sunok £104
‘J ‘SUBIPIOSY [eArey {az
‘soysygieys Sunof AI0A
‘(uobunig) *} ‘spodeoag
Tearey fy Ss2wmauhuoz
sm =f "y Ssausoabuop
DLOUA,T —"4OU-U10940
‘F “oun
OG S'¥ “piyrnuqounang
‘1 ‘spodoysey Sunok
AwA = fa ‘Spodvoag
[eAre'] —- you-o0eying
ee eee
"ysl Sunos pue
‘umedg une o1sepog
"Uyey aaa
él
¥-1G | 0-69 | ¥-FS ‘A
: ‘urd 9g
"UveF 0} “Ura OT
9 1090990 UIT
0-TS | 6-09 |0-€9 “A\] ‘I NolLvig
= 3
“Upey ; ae
€I “3
6-G¢ | 0-29 | ¢-69 “N ~
Set. a:
“Y9RJ ‘ma ar 2 SS
ZI | asusny W391 Sa
6-99 | G9G | ¢-84 “S | “A NOLLVIS t
5
u103 | ‘aowy | -qqng’. e § i
“gog | -mng | Aig “UMOD es.
———— } JA&ry, ounry, | ge ve -
“TOPE M “Ty | pue ‘oyeq lager
: “O1Z84S
‘ommyzerodulay,
a ee
Part III —Eighth Annual Report
102
rene
. || ssuoqyey $e ‘Kouored
SURI} {1ozeM MOT
‘opty {g 9000 “MA
PUM—ysUg FV
"GS-66
‘req £ SULOUzeS ¢
‘fouervdsuery £ qqo
£ yZoouls
‘ Azey
‘Z 9010}
PULA
‘sumoyyey $e ‘Aoue
-redsuedy £ poop
OpLL—qsmg = tV
"18.63 “Teq ‘sULOy yey
Se ‘ouoredsuely
{1098 MOT Jevou
‘epg ‘qyss “vos
‘aug ‘Azey e}I] ®
Sg 90103 “AA PUL
—Suruurseq = 4V
a
"SUOTZVAIOSGGO 1940
pus ‘roygVe A “PULA,
eulos {*y ‘02.199
sp Sy ‘snunb
-nd daoumy
£7 ds ‘snunbod
ng Sy ‘snzps
~joy snunilog
‘paoM-Bas
eulos s*f ‘swag
“Nb. SDL.LIISW
S*y ‘snunbod 190
wag fy ‘sngos
-J0Y SNUN}ILOT
“GON [MOLY
ur dn 34 Sno01q
“on ‘eune gy
09°R1Q0410AUT
100 DSO
soqouy
T SI | 1 | oF
7 tL | 9 | ¥T
= a a
wee oar J:
te | OL | #9 ~*+| 1
re | SL 1 St | #1
come ae | I al
in rs } =
7 3 ae ae al
4 S os
oe OL
; ; q
7 1 9 g
6 OL | F II
0 UI fre a
Z 8 eg | 6
Tete TL. tees: aL
SI | §cT 9 | $21
o| a | ae] Ft
‘oO N soToUuy "ON seqouy
‘YS JO ozIg puv Joquinyy
AMR On MMAR NOG
‘
re
inn)
ri
BRON RHRONNANOM
AN
‘ON
* » Snnll Jo[suy ;
‘spazvuins UoUIULOD
es SUF AL
* Goqmny,
‘sropuno[q
“ce
s 5 s
. .
. “ec a eZ
; sqep UOULULOD
, * ‘s9[Os UOUe'T
6
4
. ‘s . “cc
‘oolel
* eI yoequiroyy,
14 “
‘sprvuims UoulULloD
bei ce et OG,
. * ‘srepunoz,y
. 7 66
. “ec 6c
: ‘sqep Wouruloy
, ’ ‘soos MOWATT
7 ry] . c<
. . ; 66
‘Q01e[ gq
* Ker yowqurory,
‘OHV, JO uotydri0seq
AoA “J “Dryonuqounarg
fx “e@o0eSNADQ = [VAILT
pue nunyaowog sunok
fa ds = ‘snwowwny
fa §s2uwo00buo? §=DLouUr
ag 41. ‘snoayounuu,
snUmny)—*4ou-UL0}40q
“IJ ‘eltos
-njuy ‘fy “eanfyourg—
ypearerl ff ‘snovyownwuf
snumjngy ‘°F ‘syusooybuo)
DLOWAT, —— *OU-99JANG
“IZ ‘mryonsqounard **F
‘snivyounuuy snun~vp
6-7 awapyp ndogapy {+a‘-ds
‘snbvjpp-—"you-ul0yyog
‘ay ‘SULOZRIGG pure
(wnynuag) eItosnjuy
fy ‘emAYovg [Barley
Sy ‘szusonrbuo? §=vLou
aL Sy ‘snoywnum,
Snunj{ nO —*4oU-ddeFNG
"Yystq Sunof pur
‘umedg ‘vuney oLeelog
“940U-AOJ, UI OT991T
:
oi a, Ma PE
p ee
0-1 | 0-09 | 9-87 M
"ae |
al
G-1G | 6-09 | 0.9% ‘HA | III NoIvig
\
6-1¢ | GTS | 0-29 “Hh
yey
g
0-19 | 0-09 |0-09 “AA| ‘IIT NOVELS | .
*U104
“0d
"20RJ
-Ing
‘qing
sig
"199% AK ‘ITV
-amyeroduiay,
‘panuyuoo—AVY.SMIAUGNY LY *[I—'688l ONIMAG ,GNVIUVD, AHL Guyog NO ACVW SNOILVAUASAQ 10 quoory—'D ATAVL
:
1040900 YITT
-
04
“UL'® OTOL
1040390 Y4TT
‘uUMOp
[ARI], OUT,
pue ‘oyeq
*U01481S
103
of the Fishery Board for Scotland
*suLOyIeS Fe
‘fouoredsuvsy {qqe
‘OpLL—Ustug 4V
"89-83 ‘“4eq
‘suLoyyey F ‘Aouored
-SuUvI} '109eMm YSIT
Teou ‘opty fysnor
‘eos {AtaMmoys ‘T[Np
ff) eot0y “GQ pur
—sutuuiseq 4V
‘suloyyey Sz ‘Aouored
-SUCI} {19JeM MOT
‘epy—ystug 4
0.6% ‘eq ‘suI0y}ey
5 i ‘Aouoredsuery
‘qqe ‘Opry Fag
-Iapour “ees {Apnoyo
*g 9010f “Q pul
~-Suruurseq = ¥V
*SUOTPVAIOSGGO 10q40
pue “royyveM PULA,
etaaas {J ‘110
-nowado UajQoag
5 ‘sawngnbaste
wagoadowysy S"t
‘sngpsjoy snun
0g S$} ‘snunb |
-od AdIWDO
Say = “Maonj01
‘Vy pue ‘aj ‘suag
Nt snags
‘T “0b
—-wU DunwUnaND
pur ‘sian bauw
waqoadous py S*t
“ds‘snr.1agsp ‘°F
“ds ‘snupwUwuny
Sy “ds ‘snunb
-pdng ‘snjns
-J0y snunjlog
{(pimynjpuagn.19
“smjgq) soeydyd
-007 ‘sasuods
MO} B (029 “DLL
WUT) poor
-eos jo sseul
esiey, AOA W
ON “eeLy
ur dn 44 8no1q
‘on “Bune
09R1Ge}10AUT
mI
Mine keolin a wai
icy
AON
SOIAINKIN ¢
°
°
.
soyOUy
‘ON |soqouy
een
____ ponuyuoo— KV SMTXINY Ig ‘TI—‘6SSl ONITA
‘ON |SotOUT
_ YStgy Jo azig pur JoqunN
a , ONVI
MoHONHICGMKAS
BY) 9 a Cav od
Or
re
AAANAN AA HAON A rei re
i}
a
* ®
; ‘syooppeH
: sqep qsnor suOT
° “cc “
: ‘sqep WouIM0D
: * ‘gatos UOULe'T
. cé
) . ° QOIRT. d
* ‘Ker yoequroryy,
: »— ‘Ker AITCYS
: ‘rayons
-duiny, + oatynurUiq.
‘Sully
-yooI popreeq-oAlT
; * “qsg-r099ng
: ‘ ' %98S0g
* ° 66
* ¢ SSUATtLAL
. ° ° ‘pog
‘ * ‘SyooppeH
° * ¢2 ‘aos ov
“ < :
“ — §sqep uomIUIOD
, ° ~e ‘QOI8]. mt
* ‘Kel yoequai0yy,
* ‘Ker £aregg
‘eyey, JO wo4dri1oseq
CS eee,
‘A[UO vlJosnjuy pue
SULOJRIG——"Jou-W0}}0q
"J ‘Mryonuqounarg Teurs
‘yt ampbog sy ‘(eseqs
sdoyphayy) spimxyoergy
sunox -- ‘you-oovjing
"} “‘DLYIDLQOLNIDT
°F ‘agnbog $3 ‘spodryd
“UY {(910n7nd290.L0g pure
sryuhiyg) Sy ‘syouerq
-T]Joule'T pur spodosysex)
ofkiquig, J ‘s1w.1091hw07
pooway $3 ‘svmasbu07
smig ‘*¥ ‘0100100 DUN
—-opnasg S¥ “‘spodoztyog
Jay3o §=— pues SD0MSOW4
“svg Sunok §* ‘snqouds
sishpy —— “you-woy0gq
¢ 1 | 4
elrosnjuy fF “ean£yourg
TeArey —gou-o08jIng
"Yst Sunod pue
‘umedg “euney o1selog
NO HCV SNOILVAUESEQ 40 GUOOTY—'D ATAVL _
a tm a Ee RE th NA nee a esa — ees
0:29. | 0-19 | 0-6%°N
| “urd 0¢"¢
ayey] | 0g urd og
ge was | 1090990 196
0-GG | 0-29 | 9-SF "S| ‘A NOILVIg
Ur'e 086
0} ‘UL"S ("8
1040990 U361
‘AI NOIMLVLY
¥-0G | GOS | 0-6F ‘A
q
"U04 | “ORT |
-~oq | Ng > ‘uMOp
|———F [AU], eurry,
‘eye | ATW pue ‘oyeq
—| ‘uor}erg
-amyereduro,
L
7 4D,
3 Ye Bas 3
2 :
a6, tea
«
oe.
ree
ee
.
Lan? | OF)
77 +
Geta’: ak ua Ok che
” “4,
)
r
es “ahh:
5-5 ate
Part I11.—Eighth Annual Report
104
*suIOY} eT
§, ~— ‘£ouoredsuery
{10jVM AOT Ivo
OPEL SIUy ay
“req ! t swore a
‘Kouoredswesy $*qqo *(ppLoyg)
$ Aly ‘opi bog 9 | poom-vos f+ | $9
UlOT} [[PMS ‘qyoours “pyainy I a
‘eos ‘Aystut AOA | ‘gngnsjoy snung
'G 9010F ‘*A\ PULA | -vog-——suusTUes
—Suruugeq 4V |-a0 moy LI0,A
‘
‘MLDUIULD'T JO
Ayryyuenb [pews
e S(munpnplagy
pue ‘munjynwuay
-UP ‘MLN )
soy{ydooz
“ON [MUTT
*SUOTPVAIOSGO I9q30 | ut dn yysno1q
pus ‘1oyyVo Ay “PULA, ‘or “eUNe,T
0981q9419AUT
&T
aee
FL
‘ON [soqouy
YS JO ozig pur roqunyy
AMA OnmOnwor
meric r
‘ON, |soqouy
ce ce
‘gpreums uoulUl0g
‘sqep qsnor su0T
este 2 OUTS
¢ * ~ Qorelq
* Ker £1IV4G
, ‘ ‘Topsay
6
‘spreams woUTWIO:)
* — ‘SSuTg1q AA
‘OHV, jo uorydtaoseq
=!
‘spisnpoyq [ews fz ‘ds
‘snbypg $*} ‘svutoobuop
DLOway °F ‘snavyauouU
-uyf snumppg S°} “wapyn
ndozapy — *40u-UL0340q
@ “elosnjuy f*1y
‘eqwagdowo,y faz ‘spodeo
-aq [eAarey, fay ‘snsomd
-s19 splay $*ay “twapyo
ndopyy ‘8 ‘svu1oarbwo7
ploulay, §e ‘svwalhuoz
spig —— “you-soejang
ee OO
‘ystgq Sunok pus
‘umedg ‘veuney o1seyog
8-67 | 98h | 0-27 ‘H
“u00u 04
‘U's 8°OT
‘AON FFT
9-6F | L8h |8-P7P “M | “I NOMVIS
“panuryuod
== "tr ‘d 0g . g
0} ‘urd O¢*T
1940990 446
“A NOILLVLS
“qd
Arg "UAMOp
—| [MBIT, OULLT,
‘Irv | fpue ‘ozeq
* MOAR
‘oinyzeioduley,
‘panuyquoo—KVG SMTXANY LY ‘[[—'6SSl PNIUAG ,GNVIUVH, FHL GUvOg NO ACVW SNOILVAUASIQ 40 CUOOIY—'O ATAVL
Pees z Pe Sots TS ae ee
Te) r«
ae —
re
; "T “‘MLyoDLgounarg i
: *SULOTI VT is ‘aypuboy <3 “ds ‘snbynp cc ings
; F ‘ouoredsuery = Sy ‘snunyng Sf} ‘wapyo
% . ‘qqe smnog z% ynoqe : z ndojayg ‘*y ‘ds ‘sushyy
‘2 ‘opLL-- qstuy 4V “| 011 SG ki E S| I | FL |g | ‘Spreums uouruop | fy “waqqujs sysdouompy | yyy e
a ee "46-66 | Pue DEVO pt aR iG. | aE a * ‘ssunTy MA | fy “vafemds snaps | TT :
we ‘req faoqem Ysty | ~woT)poam-eos | | | ose tee) IT} Teer) Tt | * ‘siepunopy | -0.19snQ—"4ou-u109;0q OF} TSP 0-9F° ay
ae ; ~~ qnoqge ‘eply fyjyoous | omospue‘sowa2 | Gg |G Oke OL| IT |IL| tL | °° ‘sqep uowuoy | ‘3 ‘spodrydury ‘3 ‘sné / ‘UL'@ 0G'G
A= = ‘gos Soup ‘Azey | -s7 pue sngos| ** |" | 9 | ge PA ASS Sede, See get Semen at RS -YyMQ S*UulO0d ‘sru.toowbuo7 | "yey | - «| |. (04 “Ul"e ZO
= ss £G oo0g AA PULM | ~20y snunaoog | 6 | 6L| OL|0Z| IT|/Z |i LZ }° * '* nooway *e ‘syuaniuo) | $q ? “AON WHF .
“2 Ss —Suruujseq yy | Mey AtoA VW 6 | & FL | G GE Goa be te * goIe[d | soq —— ‘you-soezing ¥-6F | @8P | 0-FF “AA TIT NOILvig
Se. S “IJ DryoDug | |
See SS ung $y. awa | - ce =
ss ee og Sy ds ‘snbyng fF . : any
BES s “sUIOyI RY } ‘snunp $*} ds ‘sishyy . ses
* Ss S, ‘ouoredsuvsy Sy ‘awaqqnys sisdowonyy | "YYRF A
& ‘qqo smmoy F AT1veu . : ‘ay ‘wafwuads snaons ee =#
pees A = ‘OpLL—usiug 4V . SOR) 40 0 OT. 9-66 | T-8h | 8-FF “AA ; ie
aaa aS) 'Z6-.6G ‘req ‘suloyyey “e “etrosnjuy f*t : aS
= S S, ‘Aouoredsuesy poo ees phat Vaden tS tae eit ‘spreuins WoULULOD | ‘srvagdowoy f*y ‘spodeo i a
ot i £qqo smoy 7% gh 00 el SL Ba | righ ae easy CSAS iP ee * SSuTqIy AMA | -9q TeArey faz ‘snsowd eke . rail
ee qynoqe ‘opty ‘yjzoours | -704 snunlog | *** | | PAG Qo et 1a ye See -s1q snphigp {*ay ‘asapyp ‘UL"S (OT 0F 2
aa = ‘eas $Aqystur Aros | MOTE puV poom | y--| T-| 6 G@-|0l |Z |ZLIit | * ‘sqep uourwop | vdojayy ‘az ‘svusoorbuo? | "yey "UL'e GT’S \
. ae +S £z ootoy f° purty | -eos JoAQYUCND | 2 Ved ba Te ETE 9G SE EL Pe , sa pLoway, say ‘svumaerbuo7 | TT ~ "AON U9FT ~~
be ‘ | —Surauseq ay | remsed4qug | FT |e | St | F | OT |S RAT] LT | * * * OO | sq — “gou-sovjmg | ¢.gp | T-Sh | $F “H| “II NOLS | = a
mn re es rs ee | ee
tg Bee OSC age Et eal eae ats ae A) OT OOM ip eee em 3
Noa (ae SUT |ON | ‘SUT |ON | ‘SUT | "ON |*sUT |’ON sog-|'=angy |g sis =
7 —"SMOTIVAIOSAGO Toyo | ul dn yysno1q 2 ‘Ysty Sunok pue — ————__| [Mei], our, ;
pure ‘reyzea Ay SpuT AL ‘on “vuneyT eae 30 Cen atsoreC ‘umedg “euneg “orsepeg | *109z@ A IIy pus ‘oyeq ~
97 VIQOPIOAUT "Ystq JO ozIg pu Joquinyy “HOT}eIS
‘ganyeroduley, |
EP "‘panuiquo7i— ‘AVG SMAAGNY LG ‘[[—'6S8l VNIUAC ,aNVIUVD, FHL Guvod NO Advw SNOLLVAUTSIO 40 aquo0ry—')) AIAViL
Part IT1.—Kighth Annual Report
106
‘stuoyyey F ‘Aouared ©
-SuUBIy [poop jo ys1g
‘oplE—ystuy +V
"10-0¢ ‘req ‘sutoyzRy
P ‘ouoredsuvry
$1oge@Mm MOT ynoqe
‘opty !yjoous ‘vos
‘aeepo §=ATo}eIepour
‘ ‘
*G 9010S A'S PUL
—Huyauysoq “FV
“pooy F ynoqe
fapiy $ Aqstur A190
°G “ooloy ** AA "NN
pulmM—ysiuyg sv
s 86-63 “req
‘suloyyey p ‘Aouor
-edsueiy {pooy
‘apy fygoouls ‘eos
‘ eoyto }§=AyoyR1Opout
% O0T0F OTS PULAL
—Suruuiseq = 4V
“SUOTJVAIOSY(O) 191140
pus “royyeoyy “PUIA,
"DLYSNIT
jo sooord
pure apnpouydy
OM} Io ou0 fds
‘snunjwog pue
fds ‘snrsags
Moy e@ { nsod
-dod sazsmjoy
OM} IO 9uQ
“Dib DULWOT
jo Ayiguenb
6 pue ‘swaqns
snuiagspy pue
snypsjoy snung
Og Moy VW
"JON [AveI],
tm dn yysnoiq
“ow ‘euney
9481 0J1OAUT
— eee
*suUT |"ON |‘suy |'on
"YSly JO ozIg pues Joquny
‘spreuind uourw0g
ee SRO
* ‘sqep qysnor SuoT
eI |” M4 Soe a a
Z |" ‘sqep uomutoy
Z . Sy ig ce
4
as . . ‘ OORT d
>
3
T
I
VA ‘splevUuIns UOWWI0DH
: * ‘srepunoy,T
7 ihe" ‘sqep UOUIULOD
QZ . . . 66
¢g ry . “~ ‘9018 I
‘Oyey JO worydiosaqy
‘} ‘spits
“npey [Tews **F ‘aggabng
iy ‘snumppg $y “ds
‘snbyng—you-ul0z40q7
"e “(‘o7 “wniyndap) e108
nyuy = FF ‘SxusoorHuo7
nLowmay se ‘svuasiuo?
spigg -- “gau-so¥RyJang
‘} ‘Spisnpoy TTeus
"3 ‘wpuhng Sy ‘nuoway
fy ‘snunmg f°} ‘nqonb
miadheT *'} “uapyo
ndoja yy —*49U- W104 404
*® *VLLOs
-njuy !°e ‘s2woaeGuoz
DLOWAT 6" ‘s2MaLhuo7
sMigq. — “jau-sovjang
‘Yslq Sunok puv
‘umedg “cunegy o1seyog
5 et i.
1-6F | 68h | 0-LF ‘N ‘, her
‘tad Co'% i} = o
“YPes 03 ‘ud eq’ZT i
Wi 3 “AON U8 :
a ——litti‘i
"HFEF :
€
& 6) | 98h | 9-8h “MAM
‘ud GG
"UPes 04 “urd G°g
8 “AON U98T
v6) | 8-8F | 0-LF HAT NOLLVIS
"m10} | ‘oovy | “qing :
og | ang} Aig ‘IMOP
[MCL], CULL,
"TOYO M ‘Ty | pure ‘oyeq
| *MOT}V}g
‘omnzerod wo y,
ON
"PINUYUOI—AVG SMAUGNY LY “*[[—'688L YNIUAa <AONVTYVH, AHL GuvOg NO ACVW SNOILVAUASAO AO aqtoory—'D ATAVL
~~
—) - ae =
Lal = ae : % i
g ousredsuedy ; = "J “eao ysy ‘*J ‘spodoly
ite Smet 8 ibs for} ebm padi: ee | Ba amdog 2 spodeoog |
eee ae vine te cI | @ Fee ‘spxeumns Tearey <x ‘snqvuumy sabind.| =
= TL-0§ “28d -SuLoy}ey te ve at Ga ey UWOUULOD | -o.jguag wu0s ‘snovyounumy | “TFS
G Aouoredsaery ce) I ; OL t * SSBUIyTY AA | snunppg ‘"3 ‘syutombuo} 3
z “qqo stnoy Fg Hoge fs as ee er | 8 |* * ‘sxooppeH | mousy — "you-monog | rec ae
. ‘apy { yzoours ‘vas Sead cr peagsal ges jeetal) as SAR Menon uy <a ‘eao usg fy | OP | OTS | 0.88 7a
; rS Sy ecru ‘6 Bg eae Se ee Be I 3 : ems er ‘ snungog Sap via ; : P
: 3 Na put rover rey EBM 29 SSO reg | he Nr ;
3 S| Aung ay mo foo fae | te] 2 fr gee | se cooatntuaun a "pear aeot :
=e es ; GI g See * ore 7; -qQu-00Nll aunt 4961
= S Sy STS Be BLD Ae Sq sola | eae Hegna® t Reine | ek ete © ie aioe gare
: ~ eee GL TI ° o 6 é ec F -
Ss ~ 3 gel T GG I ¥G I “4 oo * SoTsUy ;
ea is 0 qt T G IL I “‘gpreuin’ uourutor cag . ‘gis
S a a = 48 T S21 I = ‘Ssurqiy me $*UL00 cstiesone pune : 3
“fs & eS. RAS AOE dea Se ae | {-1‘spodoztyog Sunod {1
i <a ‘StUOTIey @ eo ge ae aes |e ee he es
5 we ouoredsuesy £ qqa wigs | eae gil I TL P ee ‘soqany, | ‘svwo0rbu07 pLoway, | Yyey
e.. = saee a Biol ‘aply Be 1 i I 20 - a ve | f-ut090 ‘snoryosnuuy | 2 L755
ee S ‘g e010 “ANT Loe Le or 6 | 61 3 ' ‘sqep ySnor Buoy | snwopn9—"you-W0}0g © ; as
i. 3 | PUM BN AV qb 2 ig eA Chee eee ee | Tuy) ao) |e te 3
Be. Ry, re wen oe08 *-1eq rd it | & : oh Pode ee eae ae se) ‘spodomsex) oiquie ) <mg
es ; “ : TF iS ¢ ‘Aousred avs <9 9 TL “i SeLe els il towmoy | fy ‘spodvosq ear] :
ESS ss -suvry fpoog ‘opty g ; = v ZL Ty | eager ae 3 Sai “Quunmp.Low auppag i
zs < EDULE YDS ‘tmp ‘z ZI of oT G IT 4 MiB reke a $y “auosuagod §=—.49907 y ad Fe 4 te
a as $ KS e010} “NN PULA 8 T a L GT 8 c . sss Sore, -DU0UP “Fr ‘s2utoo1bUo? "Y3ey tn Lg 6 { =
ee ee BY cE Ee ae |e Set ose) oie ocr | ae at one Gees -
ee inp ae "= oaeys Aor | 82 —ou-¢ are
ie. e—% Oo eee i Oe ee eee eee NOLLVLG —-
2 . : seyouy] ‘on |seyouy] ‘oN |soouy] * iss es “os ‘ ee}
2 ONT [M2 ON | | 8 a
ee pue “Toye “PULA | "7 “euNe,T : ‘eyez, Jo uorduoseg | «Use Fanos paw ! bees ee
eer, 04 BIQ9}IOAUT ‘YS JO ezIg pu an | ‘umedg ‘euneg o1seog 109% . Aen our Reba
ai , PRP y a agate: ; Toye MA Ty | pue ‘oyeq — ¥
4 | TOReIS cs
Te d 24 | | ‘amngeradutey, | deh
/ S. r - = 2 ee 3 “HSOULNOFL sd (8 OF Gear “6S8T OQNIVOAG aNv1y - +t 5 : : : 7 acd
= eh ARE DOGS NSE uvy, FHL duvog NO aaqvW : !
a | ree) Tivog NO AGVW SNOILVANGSIQ 0 GUOOHY—'O WIGVEL »
Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
108
"qq2 $ “op
‘suloyyey F ‘Aouored
“SuelyT—Ysuy FV
.._ 98:66 “req :qqe
opty fsuloyyey ¢
‘Aousredsuely {ysno1
4194 eas ‘£pnoyjo fg
e010F “MS PUTAL
~~ Suruurseq 4V
“IOV
Sty ynoqe ‘epry
saints p ‘Aousred
“sueLy—- qstag Vv
26-6 “1Bq Spoog
‘opy =F smoyyey ¢
‘Aousredsuvszy Sysno1
Area ‘eas {Apuoyo {7
e010 “MAS PULL
—Suruuiseq = 4V
“STOTPVAIOSGGO 1aq4o
pue “194789 AA ‘PULA
we PELL Ae Lo ee UT
i we | 1G : i .
GL | OL | Ht | @ | &er | I
¥) g g Z OF 1%
a, S a me Loeb
<E Mi ave 5 rai I
II - OL I
5? ae oe SS: So ea is T
ne & &I I T T
ae a = ye IT T
Zl a L GL I
sa ae x. is G GP
be fe) ee ete ae
for | #1 | Ht | 9 | 92 | t
eee eee aes eee S0L I
Seyouy] "ON soar ‘ON lsegaay ‘ON
‘JON [ABIY,
ut dn 4y3no1q
“ow ‘euney
09¥IQo}IOAUT
"YShY Jo ozIg pure roqunyy
* Jo[suy
ce
ce
‘sprvumns UouIUIOZ
. 8 SBU TAA.
2 ce : “POGTTLL
‘ ‘sqep MOUIUIOD
. r) 6é
* 2oreTd
* Ker youqusoyy,
‘spreuins uourUl0g
"8 SSBUTFTt AA
* * — ‘syo0ppeH
. . . *40q, m L
; “aqep ysnor su0'T
‘sqep uouluI0y
. e ce
* “ooreld
‘ayeys AVI)
‘Oxy, jo uondiiosaq
*} ‘Ary Sats19y
““} ‘spisnpeyy yfeus
‘sewagdowoy, ‘*} ‘agquboy
*a (antl) ‘nunyaov0g $*1
“ds ‘sniyng $1 ‘wapyo
ndojzayy——"40u-U1044,0g
"Ystly Sunok puv
‘umedg ‘euney o1selog
"Yyey i
5 ee (apa .
9-69 | Zo | F.1¢ °H
‘urd OF'ZT =
"Yyey 0} “UL'S OE" TL
g-< | deg W39T
¢-Gg | T-¢¢
0-29 “A) ‘II NOLLVLS
"TPES :
l
0-49 | 0-G¢ | 0.9¢ .
"Ul ‘d Ch 6 . ; .
“Yes 0} “UL"B Og",
81 ‘adog YET
G-F9 | 0-99 | 0-F¢ *T NOLLVILS§
“UlOZ | *90VF | “QING
-yoq | -ang Aig. ‘Mop
[ARI], OUT,
1OYR A “ITY pure ‘oyeq
MOT4RIG
‘oinyeroduia y,
aE ea eae AT os, cts. AAMAS, cet ae PR Te EE EEE SERVE
PeNUuoo—ASOULNOW “[]I—"688T ONIUAC ,aNVTUVH, FHL GUVOG NO AAVW SNOILVAUASAQ ZO auooly—'O AIAVL
109
x
: =
+ S
S
== R
= S
Se S
oe g
a ;
a >
> wH
aS >
Be *
a FS
=
f poog
Ajreou ‘apty Syyoous
smoy Z
‘eas fouy ‘Apnojo £7, es eee 9 I IL i;
ao10f *9 Aq “T pula. pte eee eee eens £0T I
—Suruuiseq 4V Tél I saat T 9T T
“SUIOYY RI
Z ‘fouoredsuery 438 Bs F *s | 89 9
: BOOB. <- WPF ‘opyy L al 8 iat 6 I?
‘pf 9010f “A'N'N OT SG IT g él I
PUM— "su 9V a0 Es Pe Po a
“10-08 “req eee eee eve eee L I
‘suroyye} ¢ ‘Aouered 8 £.-3or— Set
“SUI {poop sinoy G ¢ l G 8 g
G yoge opi} 4ySI[s | - 6 g (GS as es 67 ee ee
“eas fouy ‘a1eayo 9 z 2 T 6 G
{p 90103 “N puUlAL : oT v TIL 8 Sel T
-- Surmuiseq 4V 1 + 2 tee ee ae §
rz
, ‘sqep uouIMOD
*piveuiny Sunok
AIOA 9U0 {3 “BAO pivULINy
SJ ‘wlyov.gounarg sf ‘wurjog
‘3 ‘spodvooq jearw, ‘$T
F, 3 v i ‘pypurbanua vajzopy "5 ‘vqywb
: cre wuiadiyT %e8 ‘snaryaumU
SOTe | -eufsnunjog—"jou-aovj.ng
‘} ‘eao ysy fa ‘spisnpoyy
‘3 ‘wombvg :3 ‘spodeo
-Oq [earie, Say ‘eooeulr
ng pue ‘epodoztyog
‘epiieg Sunok ‘1 ‘snj07
-uapwuagdas snjahos7077
SL Uyaspu Disnmydoaog
Say ‘syusoabuo0? Low
-aj, ‘*utoo ‘ds ‘sahndow
-uag sulo0d ‘svwasrbuo?
sprig f*UL09 ‘snorvyownwmUy
SNUN]DY) -—"YoU-010}40q
*[ ‘eoretg sunos
{_ ‘reyonsduny Sunod
3 6é
tro ae
‘spreums WOUNULOD)
- ‘sBungty M | S'3 “eso (§) preamp
: z ont ‘spIsnpey ‘| ‘spod
: ‘ syooppey -B00q7 [BAIT ep *nq]nb
praee s! = muadiyT Say ‘swuwoo
: ‘squp UOUIULOD | -16u07) vLoway, §*ULOD ‘sng
: : : = -pbuoja snunpnoopnasg
een hl eile sy 1 £*UL09 ‘snoryoumuuy
‘S0Ie[d |‘snunpnp-—"you-soejing
>
a eo
“U+eF oF “Ure O'S ;
é1 oun’ PUZS Ae
¥-1G | 0-69 | #-89°N| ‘I NOILVIg 5
“ULOZ | “ooey | “QING bs
“pod | ang | Aq aMOp Me
Scag a het” F
“TOPE “ITV pus ‘eyeq -
i
‘urd CZ so
04 “urd cee
oun 4817
8 és 0-9 | 8-79 “AM| “II NOLMVig
“UGRy
9
1-39
SZE | 9:09 'S
Seyouy| “ON jseyouy] ‘on soaqouy! *o
*SUOIZVAIOSGG 19440 on rane, Kh a SES | cfs sanof
1ZWAI I9yy ut dn 448n01q 3 stq Sano pue
pus ‘req3Vo A, “put “on ‘euneT OTRL x0 wordiroseq igiedes aanieg deta
o7VIGo}OAU] “UStyl Jo ozIg . pue equim yy
: 2 gl : »
ris ‘Ndaddddy *AI—"688l SNIUAd ,CNVIUVH, AHL GuvOg NO ACVW SNOILVAUISAQ 40 GuoOTY—'O FIAVL
lames
%.
Be
‘aro
ay. :
oe Ss
Beas? ;
fe
x
* $ ~
oS
‘3 s
* <=
i =
; S
¢
: |
: ~
¢ mY
ny
‘ ~
_
a X
110
‘qqe $ ‘oply ‘yz0ourS
es fouy
Ajoyeropoul £7, eo10y
= i “N Aq “A’N PULA
uruutdeq = 4V
} ‘sTUOYIeS $F
‘foueredsuesy {$0.08
“req {qqe $ ynoqge
‘OPLL —— Ustay. 4V
‘90-08 “req ‘suLoyyey
g ‘ouoredsuvdy
> qqa dnoy [ py
fqgoouls ‘eas { ouy
gnq ‘Azey eT4zi] 8
*G 90103 “AN PULL
—Ssuruurseq = 4V
‘sULOY} ey Fz ‘Aouored
-suvly poop simoy,
§% ‘opyy ‘ Azey Sut
~Ulooag] —Ystuy FV
0-08 ‘eq ‘suL0yyey
§z ‘kouorvdsuvs4
*SUOTPVAIOSG() 1040
pure “10yzve\ “PULAL
€79]0
ut dn 4y8no1q
“on ‘eune
O4VIQOP1OAUT
ti 8 “i I
l I t | % Sj
for | ¢ A id a e148
tL | oF GI | 6 ame
A! Pe at O at |
io I l Tp ee G
icon 8 Gt—|--OL -|—-# EE —|--B
os at Ae age toy
6 zZ 403 Sst) <
L I Or |. 8 se ey
ral I St | g | ft I
ig Se ee aa ee
2 g . g OL | 2
i: ae ig 9. | $9 tL
l ¢ 6 I 8 z
9 I l I 6 g
or | * S. ++-8 nd OL
fer | 9. | HI 9 ) Ge ie
Gl 2 ri J Ee
- on is , : -
sake akin: soyouy| ‘ON penn ‘ON |soyouy] “ON
‘YST JO ozIg puv soquinyy
‘sqep WOULULOZ)
patina... c-
. . . 19
‘Q01e
* ‘Ker youquioy,y,
6c ce
‘spreuins UOULULOD
. . . ‘oye pL
‘ ¢ §SB UIST
. . F “
‘ —* — ‘gyooppeAL
* _* SaTos You
* 6¢ ¢e
: ‘sqep Wsnor Buoy
‘ — ‘sqep wouru0g
“
« « . 9
‘eoIeld
* ‘Ker yowquroyy,
‘ * ‘ayeys L014)
e:
‘spisnpoyn "3 “aglng
£*} ‘spodoziyog pue spod
-eoogy Bunok {1 ‘spod
-odog —— you-s0eping
‘puyog ‘{*ul0o enone
{3 ‘spodoysey oAIQuie
fy ‘spodeooqy [earey {2
‘spodiqdury ‘{(snunpog
Ayeryo) e ‘spod
-adog -- *you-u10940q
“‘ulod “BAO YSU
‘t ‘aoyonsdumy Sunof
‘Z “ound wnyaumpy
Sun00 ‘anqqhng {°F ‘(ade4s
-pooerysO) snunjog
fay ‘spodeooq [vary
{3 ‘aawosuagnd §=—.4990)
-puoup sf} ‘svmasabuo7
sng ‘uloo‘snoryounumuy
snunny --*4oU-s0e8JMG
“IJ “BAO
ysy Sy ‘wurjog ‘1 ‘ayuhng
£1. ‘ustiwig. . Sunok. = FI
‘spodwoacy [BAIR] fy ‘eepLieg
Bunok ‘ay “wrasnnydoasog
Sunodk ‘1 ‘nq706 wriwadhyy **1
“ds ‘snbaynp. ‘8 ‘snavyoumu
ul snuUDIN) —"JOU-UL0IJOT
siq Sunok puv
“OxBL Jo uoryditoseq cine ‘eunea o1selog
| card og°or
“Yes 04 ‘ue ‘II
8 oUnE 48TZ
G-1G | 0-29 | 0-F¢°S |"AT NOLLVIES
“YFRy r
cT
0-19 | 91S | LPS “H ’
“UL Ch 'OT
“UFS 0} “ULB GC's
p aun 481Z
6-TG | 0-69 | 0-99 “M/IIT NOLLvug
*panurjwod
—ur'd 9Z'F
“YPeS 04 ‘urd gee
9 oun? STZ
0-19 | G49 | 6-9 “H| ‘If NOLMVIg
ul0y | ‘aoey } ‘qrng
og | -ang| Aid “UMOp
[MBI OUULT,
*I09V AA ‘IV pus ‘oyeq
OW B4aS
‘ornqze1oduay,
‘penuyjuoo—NAACUALY “AI—'688l PNIYAC ,adNVTIUVH, THL GUVOG NO AGCVYW SNOILVAUASIO 40 AAOOTY— ‘OD TIAVL
Oy We
'
i oe
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
*SULOY}RT
Z, ‘Aouoredsuvry
*qq® 10938 91991]
SSRh Ler UsMy FY.
"G0-0g “req SsUL0T;BF
Z ‘fousredsuedy
:qqa sanoy g Ajrveu
‘opty S4ysr[s ‘Bos
‘reap Ao} vIepoul {fF
9010 “AN ‘A PUL
—suyuuiseq . 4V
*‘SULOTIIeF
$ ‘ouoredsuesy
*qqeo simoy FF Ynoqe
‘epg + F4STIs “eas
-p e000 “A'N'H
puLM—yYsIUy 9V
70-08 “teq ‘suLOyy ey
g ‘£ouoredsuety
‘SUOT}BAIOSGO eyo
pue ‘royzo My “PULA,
‘PN [MBLL
ut dn yysnosq
‘on “eune
0981Qo41OAU]
i
soqouy
f g GZ | 6
i It t st
E §cL
I BG I G
£6 TL | 0
en | 6g | 2
1g | % ae 1c soy
a 8 8 6
do VBE ez ZL
OI | 91 I GT
6 L ge | 8
91 | OL | 91 IL
= L ¢ | %
T ‘a a GL
ese pee oe g)
1 (ee ea I
I 9I I 3
eee ' Sy
ve fone Poe |g
g 9 q 2
‘ON |soyouy) ‘on, jsoyouy
YShq JO zig puv roquinyy
AOMOHOn AAA Ro
ri ie) N
rei
ONnnAMANMNN-
‘ON
¢é 66
‘spreuIns UOWULOD
‘syooppeH
* é
* Goqrny,
‘stopunopy
/ “66
. ce
‘ — ‘sqep Momo
e . 6é
‘ . . ¢é
‘Q01R[
“c “
‘spIVUIns UOULULOD
. 66
*sSUIgIy AA
¢é
. e ¢é
‘syooppeH
: ‘sqep ysnor su0T
* — ‘Sqep wouLuIog
‘yey, JO uoldisosoq
t
—— 2
Poa te ee
‘I “BAO YSU
fy ‘stoyonsduin'yT Sunok
ik ‘spisnpeyt ‘°F 7p
“ogy S*F “YSyreys-o1}4g
suno& fa “‘nagopy
Ssunof {3 ‘spodryd
Wy ‘J ‘eung [earl
{3 ‘spodoziqog [earry
‘‘y ‘spodeooq [earey
fds - ‘wyynaypy ‘*uloo
‘sumauibuo) sprgr {Woo
§$2Utoorbuo? DLOWA TZ
$"UL0o ‘snaryounuuy”
snunjny —"4eu- 010} 40g
‘eao pareumnes f°y eae
-edog -- ‘you-sovjing
rE
‘BAO SY Ssnunjog gunok
JO ST[PYS 9} 07 poyoey
ye yetoaos ‘SulozvIgD
faz ‘spodosjsex) o£quIE
‘say ‘(e8e48-podedon)
snunjog ‘*}‘eumng Sunok
‘3 ‘spodoziyog sunof
Sy ‘sngnwmpy sabodou
-uaQ SJ ‘svwasbuo) snig
Sy ‘s2usoarhuo? nLow
-ap {*Uloo ‘snoryounwmuy
snunjng—"yOu-UlL0Z 40g
‘ysiq Sunod pur
‘umedg ‘vuneg o1lselog
"yey
8
8-19 | 0-9 | 8-69 ‘N
"Yyey
g
(9-29 | GES | 9-9 'S
—
_
royeay | “TV
besiccsernian
"Y9R}
te
FIG | L29 9-29 'N
"Ul04 | ‘208
omg | Ace
"urd 2% 'Z 04
‘urd ZF°Z1
oun 48TZ
‘A NOILVLG
"panunjuoo—— |.
‘ur'd 0¢°ST
0} “ULB Q*TT
oun STZ
“AI NOILVLS
——
“uMOp
————| |mey, oumry,
pue ‘ayeq
MOTZe}S
-~
Part III —Eighth Annual Report
112
*SULOY} RT
fp ‘Aouoredsuery
‘poop anoy { AT[ny
‘opLL—ustug 4
j OL.0S “req
‘sumOyyey $p‘Aouated
-SUvI} fqqs simoy g
‘api fezeropour “vas
soug ynq ‘Apnojo
*g 00105 “TN PULAL
—Sujuuseq = V
*SULOT}RI
FP ‘fouoredsuvsy
‘poopy. smoy ¢
“OpLL—-ystag = FV
Te
“req fsuoyyey $p
‘ouoredsuvsy {poop
moy [ Atiny ‘opt
sdPeIIpoUulvas f1BaT[d
Ajoyetopou=—(iésS
eo10y “AN ‘PULAL
—Suruurseq 4V
*SUOTPRAIOSG(C) 1040
pus “1oy}Ve AA “PULAL
“‘panuyuoo—NAATIALY ‘A[—'6SSl ONIUAC ANVIUVHY, AHL Guvog NO AAVW SNOILVAUASAO 10 GuOOIY—'O AIAVL
ri
MOMMANN ROMO
AMA NONRNANOr
PRE REE ON |soqouy
ut dn 4y8no1q
‘ow ‘euneT
09 VIGOJLOAUT
‘Ysty JO ozIg pue roquinyy
it3 ce
‘sprvumms TOUIUIOD
. 6<
. . ‘sSUTqIY M
te da? os Co
Me a
“ ‘sqep UOUUIOD
‘ * ‘efos UoULe'T
. 66
“e ° . 6c
* . . ‘Q01el I
) . « 6 Io[suy .
“
‘spIvUIns UOULUIOZ
‘ + SsyooppeH
‘ * yng Treg
* — ‘sqep uouTULOD
« * 6c
‘ e ° ‘QOIVT. rs
, * ‘Ker purg
: + Saqeys Lorn)
‘Oyey, JO UoTZdLIoseq
“1 ‘ys, punor Suno£
fe ‘aynbnvg $ (seshpr)
‘*y ‘spodoztyog (azhjod
-deyz) <*3 ‘spodeoaq ‘13
‘spodigduy = {(AT}sour
snunzvg ) *e ‘spod
-adog — ‘gou-ul04j0q
‘a “ds ‘snpv9
Sunof {*} ‘eao ysy fF
‘spisnpoyy fe ‘apbng
Sy ‘spodvoeq [vary
St ‘“ypubunwm paI0pT
fr ‘nurqns §n7LYIDU
fr ‘vafyays snouopdunyT
Sy ‘svwasbuop = snug
$*UL0O ‘snovyowmuuy
snunpny ——"gou-a0BJAING
‘J “punog ‘*3
‘pqynb miuwadiy ‘(Ayetyo
snuny) Sy ‘spod
-odoy -—- *gou-u10z};0q
‘J ‘8ao preuimny
{3 “apubngy ‘az ‘spodeo
-oq yearey {(-1 ‘q7p6
piuwadijyy ‘(Mey AOA
‘plaoojnMmoup ‘ATZSOUL
snumpg) fe ‘spod
-odog —- ‘you-s0Rjing
‘ystq Sunod pure
‘umedg ‘vunegy o1selog
"urd Gg*T OF
| ‘UL? GF TT
oun 4406
159 ‘H |"ILA NOMLVLg
aune 110%
9.67 | 919 | #99 ‘N/TA NoMvig
‘a1nze1ed ura J,
. :
OD
ss re ‘ ‘ Vd . . ¢
i “suoyyey $¢ ‘foue L ee G isl oak s1opunorT
-redsueiy fo3¥19poul es re ol EQ 8 16 G ’ ‘sqep ysnor Suo0T : z
‘eas ‘ourysuns g 8 9 9¢ | tL St 3 re “urd CTT 04 a.
5 PuR aaa bd *9 6 06 OL T GL G * — ‘sqep wourUI0/) “UPeS “US OS TT j<
e040F “ANN “PULA eee Pe Pee A hee i eek | ee ee 91 3008 W372 3
, —Ssuruulseq = 4V éL co | FFT 6 | $91 9 ; : = OO 9-4 | L1G | 0-8 ‘N| TI NOILVIg
eS. ‘suo yyey F ‘Aouored rey tT -¥6 g So 6 ‘spreuins uourulog
= : rs -STI?. 19—ystuy Av vee ee eee eee & Z . . ‘ssurqry MM : ee,
= Ss 98-66 “TRG a ae ae 56 {Sane ger “UIeS
ea > “poop ‘opry ‘suroyyey IT T at & Se ae 4 PEF NU 3k L ;
pis iS) 9 ‘Aoueredsuer} a Me = 8 G é ; *. FOGG; 0-79 | 9-89 | 0°8F *M) - Be
2a rea ‘ysnor ‘eos § ‘ourys %9 G &6 g ms T * ‘sqep Ysnor Suo'TyT ‘me OZ OT
nate x -uns pue Spnoy[o 9 one cee G Go 9 GI . 6 ce “Ygey 04 *ul’'e 06 ia
= s oo10y “ANN PUTAL ! 6 | & 1T ‘fg I |* ‘sqep uowutoyp ST ‘qdog 481Z eres
ee = —suponseq $V : OE tot Gh ge ie OE Go te SS eorele: ¥-4G | GPS | %-9F “A | ‘IT NOVAS Dae
a S | cage opr ‘suoygey oe
=e S Sp ‘fouored =
ee: S| -swerr—qsrg sy os
ges > ; VE-66 ; ' Soe cs é See
edd = “req ‘ poog ‘apy eee fee. on fas SI rs . . as Ie[suy yyey Be
gee Ss ‘suioyyey 2% ‘oua << aty OL > ZL e ‘sprvuins WOULUIOZD g eee:
2 x KS -redsuviy ‘(az0qsut) aoe eee eee eee ~@ Z . ° 66 e 0-F¢ 9.8 GBF ‘g 2 . “5
beg eye1opoul ‘vas ‘ourys L 8 6 57 Gl. vA : > ‘SSUTFTT ed | ad
na = Ss -uns pus spnopo ‘g Sq G 8 GI OL i ee cay ‘sqep WOULUIOD "UYeF 0} ‘UL'® O8'OT : } cope
= = +S eo103 § "M‘N PULA. See | Tae ee tae 6 F . . . 6c 6 "4dag 4SIZ ; s Z ‘
ies S| —Buraueq sv HE e6 aL 9L | ak a oad LEG | 9-9¢ | 0-87 "N| “I NOMVag | ee «
Vv, ~ = ios
<x —____. co Si a aa ap NS te Na ag ;
bie +. 7 : : oe aes 7 "uloy | ‘aoey | “qmng
= mek eet soyouy] ‘ON soyouy] ‘on ia ON ages} Ame hag tip :
<< ‘suOTZBAIOsqQ Jeyz0 | ul dn yqsno0zq]| ~-AAA____—__—__— | " “yetg Sanodk pay Pe OL at
: pue ‘roqye0M ‘DUE “OR ‘euneg EARL Jo GORALOseC ‘umedg ‘euneg o1sepog | ‘TOYVAA Sty) Peer ee
‘| SPeiqezteauy "YSstg JO ozIg puv roquinyy WOT}EIS
: ‘aInyeIdduay, >
‘ponuyuoo—NAATTUIGY *A[—'68S ONIVAG ,GNVIUVH, FHL GUVOG NO HAV SNOILVAUASAQ FO AUOOTY—'D FIAVL
Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
-_
114
‘suloyyey F ‘Aouered
Tew eR EE Oe T¥
"86-62 “req Sqqe ‘opry
‘suroyyey F ‘Aouored
-suviy { oyerIepour
“eas éxpnoyo £1 049
e010} “MN PULA
—Suruuiseq = +V
‘suroyyey Zz ‘Aouored
“SUBLL-—qsug +V
‘09-64
“req {poop ‘epry
‘sutoyyey ¢ ‘Aouored
-suviyz { o4eLopour
S908 : *TOY}OOA reeTo
*g 80103" AA 'N PULL
— Surmuiseq 4V
‘suloyyey @ ‘Kouared
-suety {Ayyenbs pue
Apno[po—ystuy +V
"09-62
“req ‘poop ‘pry
*SUOTZVAIOSGO 19]
pue ‘roqyve AA ‘PULA
aS eee ene ee eee ee ee a I a
“FON [MCL
ur dn 9ysno1q
‘on “eune gy
07 BIGQOFIOAUT
15 ae oe ee! fe
it a As Bee .
mA Baht ts OF ook eg
ree Ce tok aa es 4
ne L GC See ee
7 ZL | &¢ ey | 2 Lt
$8 ce | OL | 9 oe las We 4
3 he ) : =
ORS TE SES SEE IOSEIC F
Fl Se 25 -E 62°21
me ay a 7 ie
! F 8 %-\ OLS |. St
ZL | 86 | #1 | 9 ST I
oe a ie | ae LI I
ol vt JI “a 7 =
8 82 | 6 62 | OL | &
eee eee G ST £9 8
8 82 | 6 F tL | iT
G y ! Sp | 6 TZ
OF Se aE OES "2 eet Mess J
y: 2 Ss ey :
8 7 eas ae eee ee Ae 7
4 : 7 I 8 ZI
OE. c+ Bh SE al Whe t= OE I
Ut ol ay es is
oy a TT: #1208
cg a a 6 ér 8. | 9
seyouy) “ON “on: fou ox ‘ON |Saqouy) ‘ON
‘Ysly JO ozig puv roquuyy
* orsuy
‘sprvuams WOULULOD
. . 74
foqruy,
‘sropunoz,
‘ce
. 3
, ‘sqep MOULULOZ
. . 74
‘ . . (14
‘eoreld
‘SSUIGIT AA
‘syooppeH
(74
‘slopunoy,
. c¢ (t3
: ‘sqep TOnPRIOD
‘ . . ‘Q01R], a
: “ce ce
‘sprvuims WOULULOD
. ce
‘sSUIqIT AA
. . . : {P90
‘sqooppeH
‘ .
‘oye, Jo uo4dr1oseq
eee ee
‘ystq Sunofk pu
‘umedg ‘euney o1Lselog
9-79 | FS |0-6F N
“ond 0% "GZ OF
"yyy ‘urd OL'SL
$1 "dog 1136
G-Fo | FS | 0-6F S| ‘A NOLLVIS
"Ygey ;
L 0-8F ‘S
“Ul GT'TT OF
"UFRJ "UL'e G16
rat "gdag 494
8-25 | &8h | SEP ‘N | ‘AI NOLLVIG
“panurjquod
——"ul'd STL
0} “UL"e OST
‘3d0og 144%
‘III NOILVIS
"Ul0} | ‘OORT | “Qing
jog | -mg | Aq “MOP
ears [MBIT OUILT,
"109 AA ‘ITV pure ‘oyeq
*UOT4e4S
‘ommyer1od uy,
"‘panuyjvoo—NGACTUALY ‘AT—'688T SNIUod ,adNVIUVy), AHL GuVvVOg NO aAdvK SNOILVAUGSIO 10 GUONTY—’O WIAVL .
115
Pe -suvi} {stfenbs pue OT T Ll
: Apnopo {7 “AN M a 7: lh
: PUM—ysrig 4y ea aby erie
: 08-66 “eq 9 6
‘ qq9 “opty ‘su0yzey Sy pee
1 ‘fousredsuviy ¥ GP
‘ysnor ‘ees {Apnojo are a
£9 90103 “AAS PUL rai 61
—-SuUIUULs0q 4V ees eee eee eee ZL
T
. G
*sul0yy Ry g ‘Aouored 6 G GL I SL
L
T
Yen)
4C) CO Od sH CO
ie}
inn)
len
o
re
ri
re
=)
rei
oc
rei
ICTHICTHICI ICN
MMs OONNMRA RAN
; ‘qqa ‘epry
‘stm0qyey g Aouored 9 T 6 OL TI
-sue,—ystuy yy at a Ay A: 9
97.62 se Be ec
‘req faeqea Ysa 8 ie +
‘opi ‘suioymyey 9 et ae
‘fousredsuvsy ‘ysno1 G OL 9
‘eas ‘Apnoyo fg 04 7 9 ct | OT
Q0r0y “ANN PULA 3 As ral
--SUIUULS9q Vv been ae eee oes g
-
rHOwuonN +: :
™
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
is pati, seyouy| “ON |seyouy] ‘ON |soyouy] ‘on
"SUOTPLAIOSGGO Joyjo | ut dn 4yy8no1q
pus toqyVe A “PULA ‘ow “eune 5
0481Q9}.10AUT ‘sl JO ozig pur Joquinyy
i]
z ‘Jo[Suy
ce
‘SprIvUIns WOULD
"SUT AA
* ‘sypoppeH
. . “‘goqang,
* ‘szepunozL
‘sqep Ysnoi SuoT
cc 6
‘sqep UoWULOD
° 4 6c
‘ooreld
‘KUL Youquioyy,
* ‘spreummy
* SSUTFTTA
‘ ‘yooppeH
‘sqep ysnox Sa0ry
‘sqep WOUIUO:)
‘keI yor
‘ayBL, JO uodi10soq
‘Oorel
quio“L,
}
‘ponuyuUoo—NATCUALY ‘A[—‘68Sl ONIUNG ,ANVTAVD, AHL GUVOG NO AVN SNOILVAUASAO
——_—_———— ——_— S|! _ | — S.C
ysl sunod puv
‘umedg ‘euney o1sepog
ree
“UPPF
83
8-7G | 0-GS | #-E¢
“PRT
0g
8-79 | 0-99 | 9.L¢
"UHe5
FI
9-FS | &- FG | 0-67 ‘N
“UF$S
LI
9-69 | G-FG | 0.LF 'S
w104 | ‘a0Ry ‘gna
-yoq | -tng da
*TOYe MM “ITV
‘omngerod ura J,
<
io quory—"9 WIGVL
- >
oa
‘urd 0¢'ZT 04
"UL'e QOT
‘ydog 436
‘ILA NOLLVLS
"UL" OF TT 0)
“UL"8 0S"6
"ydag 440Z
‘LA NOILVLS
‘uMOop
[ACI], OUT,
pue ‘ageq ©
*TO1ZR4S
Abs
~
Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
116
‘suoy}ey F ‘Aoucred
| -suvay £qqe moy T
Ayrny ‘opty £ yyoous
Ses fe e010} “A
PUuM— sy +V
"E6.6G “eq ‘suloyyey
7 ‘fouoredsuvdy
{poop soy g ynoge
‘apy { yjoous “vas
fouy ‘Azey 91941, ®
$[ eo10f “A PULL
—- Suruuiseq + 4V
*SULOY} VJ
¢ ‘Koucredsuesy
$qqo smoy g ynoge
‘opyr—ustug VV
"68-62 ‘req SsuLoyZey
fp ‘fouoredsuely
$qqo sanoy ¢ ynoqe
‘apy { yjoourls ‘eas
foug ‘Azey e[}4IT @
$¢ eor0y “GE PULA
—Suruuiseq = =+V
*SUOlYVAIOSGG 10740
pue ‘royzve A, “PUTAL
‘PON [MOLL
ut dn 4ysno1q
‘929 “VUNe
0981qQ0410AUT
ee ndinn)
rid Orn NS
“YSt JO ozig puv soqumyy
sayouy| ‘oN |soqouy| “oN jseyouy| “ON
TOD AO AIO NM RON
rt rei
AAW ARENONM AHA
MRA TONR RONAN NA RON
e .
6“
cc
; \
‘op
ce
cé
‘syooppeH
¢ “6
ce
t ‘sqep WOUIULOA
. . “ce
. ce
. é
* “‘eoreld
‘ker £pueg
* Yorsuy
“
ce
‘spreuins Woulul0g
' “
“
‘syoopptH
*, ‘0qTOL,
ce
‘ ‘sqep WOULULOD
‘ . 14
‘ it3
. ¢é
* “eoreld
* ‘Ker yoequrzoyy,
‘aye, JO uorydrz0seq
pee eee. 0
"J “8AO $U94 10.
euru “( oyzArq) eprpen
Sunok {ij ‘spisnpoey{
soeuo ‘ds ‘najopy {°f
*‘nqivb miwadhy ‘(sunod)
pisnnydoawg auo
fy ‘spodeooq = {eArey
‘(ds ‘suusaypy,y, eo
pue ‘nua00jpWoUp Moy
AqoA ‘snurpeg Apert?)
Aueut poos e@ ‘epo
-adog — *gou-s0¥j.ng
*} “Bao Ysy f(Spis
“Npoy oY} YF Suryer00s
-se ATzueredde) -utoo ‘(7)
SOUOULOUY [[VUIS “eB ‘SpIs
-npey {3 ‘nq7n6 mivadh
fe “epleg pue spod
-oz1yog Sunok { (Aporyo
‘snunjpg) ‘e ‘“epod
-odog — “gou-ul0}30q
*BAO
preums) ouios f*y “eso
S'ds ‘npjajopy Sunok ATOA
euo {*¥ ‘aouag ‘nurjog $*1
‘nqynb nwadizy %*} ‘spod
-eooq ~pue spodozryog
Tearey fe ‘snayowumuuy
snunppg—"Zou-d0efING
‘ystq Sunok pue
‘umedg ‘eunegy Olmelog
: 2 #55 He -
3 oe
ae
und OF ZT <<
“Fes 0} SUS BEF ES
8 oune 449% ee
8-9¢ | 9.9G | 0.¢9 ‘M| “II NOMLVIG os
“HFEF :
8
8-9¢ | 0-8¢
‘ud Ze Aen.
*YYey 04 "UL" CZ'T
OL ounf 439% :
0-G¢ | 8-69 | 0-69 AA) “I NOILvig '
"UIO}. {| *OOVZ | "QTR
-joq | -ang}| Aig “AMO
7) Pea OU
"104 AA “ITV pue ‘ogeq
| PROD
einyerodulay,
—_—_ -
‘ALU AVYOW “A—'68SL PNIMAC ,adNVTUVH , AHL auvog NO @adVW SNOLLVAUHSAIO AO GUOOTY—'D WIAVL
117
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
‘Aouvsredsuery { qqo
sinoy fF Apreou ‘opty
:qyss ‘eos {fouyg
‘reopo AJoye19pour
* § 9010} “A'S PUM
—suruuiseq = 4V
*SULOYYRF
Zz ‘Aouoredsuesy
> poop sinoy F AT (ny
‘epLL— Wstag 4V
'96-0€ “eq SsuOyyey
g ‘Aouoredsuvsy,
: poop | qnoqe ‘opty
Soyeropour “ees farey
‘Apnop> fp sd10F
“MSM eget
—Ssuluulseq 4V
*‘STOIZVAIOSAG) 10T[}0
pur “royzea sy “PUTA,
‘ponuyuoo—HIAIT AVIOW ‘"A—688I ONIUAG ,GNVTYVH, FHL CUVOg NO AAV SNOLLVAUESAQ JO GUOOEY—'O ATAVL
"snjorpoum snr}
-iyg jo sxoysnjo
[1940s ‘ay
‘snqosjoy snun}
-lOog ‘*a ‘snywa)
“nose = snunyor
pue = fay “sas
~UDIYIDYOLp sn}
-OL9UIIOINHUOLIS!
{(2DLDUUWIIUP)
soyAydooz moj ev
$ (om “wuumurU
DT) pooA-ves
jo AyGQuenb Ww
“JON [MOTT
ul dn 448no1q
‘929 “eune 7,
9}R1G9410AUT
NO 3) tr
ed
rio
Ar
Meo On nN nAARN
Aro AAANA eS
nin
102”
ire
‘ON |soqouy] ‘oN |sotouy
‘SLA JO ozig pure Jaquinyy
‘sqep WOULUTOD | ({prveuImy) Ysy[peus A10A
* go[08 MOW'T
ce
. .
e . (74
‘ s ¢é
e ° “2018 “Y
: ‘1o[Suy
‘ ‘gpreuainsy
* SSUTZIT LAL
Z "pop
sqep WoUTTIOD
* SaTos WOULN'T
* ce
. ° “
r * ‘QOIRT d
‘kVI YORquaoyy,
66é ce
euINS WOUIULOD
* ‘ey 47 | snunjpg—-"jou-Ul0z30q
‘aye, JO uoydr10seq.
L ‘J “eso ysy ‘nauntip
I ‘vuyog {[ ‘nyampy
LT ‘(smog ‘nav07nu
-0uP ‘snunjn)) ft “epod
-odop — “you-sovjang
‘J ‘Ysy punoxr
peyoyeqy = Apgueser = {"y
‘SuloyeIqT ‘f2uwnwpuou
auphoag SI “mucozgsoxop
ping 1 “ds “npjaudng
sy )0 fds ‘snunwun,y9
sunok ‘3 ‘spodorsex
pue STOURIgITOWeT
ofiquie {(sneq) ‘J ‘spod
-adog —- *qou-ul0930q
so} VIDOSSV OUOULOUY
Wim = f'ul0o §8‘wryanug
-0UNAIIT £*UL0d “rs.uMg 6 °F
“ds ‘npjaudng pure spod
-eoeq [earyy $*3 ‘spod
-odog — “gou-sovying
‘(SpIsnpoyy OY} WIT Surye
-Toosse ATyueredde) *ut0o
‘j) souoweuy T[eus
:e ‘spIsnpeyT [[eurs
Say = “pqynb = nad
i a ‘snorvyosmuuy.
‘ystq Sunod pue
‘umedg ‘euneg osepog
‘
:
peketee ge + ne
‘u'd 02°
04 ‘ud G[’¢
oune 49/Z
0-69 | 0-29 | 2-09 ‘N|’AI NOLLVLS§
1-89 | €-09 “AM
; “ULB CGT
0} “UL'S GG"6
ATMEL 8T
8-19 | 6-8¢ ‘HW | III NOLMVI§
“wonnunguoo
—— "urd OFZ
04 ‘UL'e OTOL
oun 499Z
0-6F | 0-09 | 0-99 “H| “Il NoLivas:
20} ‘qrng
-mg | Aiq | -uMop
JTAery, oULy,
“104M “Ty | pue ‘oye
U0] 849
‘einyereduray,
7 C3 ’ x
Cee
pad > ~
Part ITI.—LHighth Annual Report
118
“yyey Sg ‘Aouored
-suvl} {poop gynoqe
‘ophL--astuy = 4V
. "06-6 ‘req
‘-qyey ¢ ‘Aouored
-suvi} {poop simoy
S> ‘eply ‘yzoouls
‘ees {§Apnop ‘f¢
ao10F “MN PULA
— Sumuiseq 4V
SUIOTIES g
‘£ouaredsuely 645118
“eas £g e010} “A'S
pulm- ystug 4V
6. ee
‘aeq {‘suoyyey F/
‘Xoucredsuvsy spooy
roqye 9794t] @ ‘ep
fyjoous “ees fouy
‘Apnopo ei 8 fz
eo10y “MN PULL
—— Suruurseq = +V
“SULOYFES F
‘fouoredsuesry £ qqo
‘opl~—ystug 4V
; "66-66
“req {sumoyyey $c
*SUOTJVAIOSGO I9q40
pue “Toyzee Ay “PULA,
"‘Dyainy Jo
Jaquimu 4vo13 Vv
Aen nor
re
Orn .AONns iis
Ome WA HONRNAAYe
ri
DORA AO ANNA AGS 1909
N tie snr
OD tr4tr4icico
rc
‘ON |soyou]| ‘ON |seqou
‘JON [MRI No S98 Ger] "ON Reqouy
ut dn 4y8no1q
‘on “eune jy
071 O}LOAUT ‘YSlq JO ozIg pur raquinyN
ce 6
ce ce
ee ‘ce
‘spreums WomlUlog
at ‘sqep WOULD
‘ * ‘salos WoULe'y
. . . eé
. . . ‘Q0IV] d
eee ‘rosy
ce ce
‘6 ce
‘sprvuims UOUIUIORD
. . . ce
- ' ‘syoopper
. cé “ce
- ‘sqep WOULUIOD
. *. ‘SaTos WOULe'T
. . “
. . . 74
. , . 6
soreid
cs ce
ce ec
‘splvumms WoULUIOD
. . 7
‘ ‘ ‘syooppey
‘ “
. ¢
* ‘gatos WoUTULOD
‘aye, jo uolydi1osoq
‘SOUOWOUY [[VUIS
aulos pus fe SpIsnpeyy
Teas — “you-w0xoq
‘J “Bao YS
Sy ‘spisnpeyy {*y “epod
-edog — “you - s0¥ymg
‘spreu
-Imx4y) Sunofk oa1y3 pue
,SeuOUlNUY [[VUIS Moy
% Yim fe “([]eUIs) SpIs
-npey -— 4ou-u10490q
*y “@ao
Wsy / oyaunp T[eUs OM4
Sy “wuossaqyod n1a00.pU
-OUp —— “4ou - soVJING
‘soy eroosse (7) sSoUOUOT
MO} B UYLAN 5 “e ‘Spisnpoyy
Treug — *gou-u10940q
‘ystq Sunofs pue
‘umedg ‘euney o1selog
0-1¢
G-9G
G:Lg
x
: mae be
a
ea
.
2 me
0-19 “AA| “UCR OFT. ae
0} “UL? 0'OT ay
“oun Lr 132 eos
FCG “HW |TA NOLLVIG “ ~ ;
8-09 “A
"und 67’
03 “und OT ZT.
oune 4 1¢
8-09 "AA| “A NOLLVIG
“panuryuod
——ur'd 0Z°g
0} ‘urd eT"e ,
oune U32Z -
Lo | 8-29 | 0-19 ‘S AI NOLLVIg
iad lth hag: 3
ing | Aiq "uMOp
| TSR OUT,
“TOPE MM “ITy pue ‘oyeq
“UOT}EIS
‘ommyeroduta J, ;
‘ponuyjuoo—HIALT AVUOW “A—'688l ONIUNG ,GNVIUVD, FHL GUVOG NO ACVNW SNOILVAUASAQ AO GuONTY—'’D WIAVY, ae
119
shery Board for Scotland.
“
of the F
"09-6, “req §19°R5
G ‘Louaredsues
‘poop Fey ynoqge
‘apy fyjoous ‘eos
soug ynq ‘Apnopo {7
e010} “MS PULA
— suruurseq = 4¥
"yyRy Sg ‘Aouored
“SUCVIZ [109VM MOT
qgnoqe ‘epi fysnor
wy — ysrag +¥
02-66 “eq Sy9ey Fg
Crags Sage Nag Me ‘qqe
smor, $F ynoge ‘epy
[o981EpoUl “eas “uPel
04 suyurpout * 1m™p ‘g
eo10y “O'N pur
— Ssuluuiseq 4y
‘SUOI}VAIOSGO OO
pur “Toyo “PULA
iL
*podM-BOs OULOG
"I ‘snqua7
-nosa snuLyor
‘SUBIPIOSY ISI]
Tereaes §=f*umi0o
‘s7.unjno4ado Ua}
-q S*f ‘snquaz
-nasa snuryon
S°y “oubvw puo0a
-o1ydgQ ‘3 “nub
-2U DILDUNIND
“FON TMCLL
ur dn 9ysno1q
‘ox “eune iT
" 94BIQOZIOAUT
on)
§cl
II
sotouy
|
eps
Dro rid 1g
S
a
‘eg ie sn
ror
re
roa et Steary rANANNY :
i ere :
ior) bt
‘ON |SotoUT
‘on. |Soyouy
"UST JO ozig pue raquinyy
manne
SAA AHH OnNA ANANSI
‘ONT
; * ‘oxny Treg
* — ‘sqep MWOUIULOD
* . * ‘geTos MoUre'T
. . ‘ ‘201, a
* Jepsuy
ce
‘sprvuIns WoULUOD
ce
ie)
‘syooppeH
‘sqep Hence suo'T
¢ ‘sqep MWOULULOD
. é
: * ‘gaTos TOUIsT
‘Q01eL I
: ‘er yoequioyy,
a eee
‘aye, Jo uorydritoseq
‘muyog * J Vonenughinna
‘J ‘epg pue vainkyovig
ears, fay _ (o8e48-pod
-edop) wnyng Sy ‘pLoway,
*} ‘snunjpg—"gou-010940qg
‘nunog **} ‘aupnay $ ‘3 ere
-waynd p1ao0qnuuouP £"} “ds
‘sabndowquag ‘svusoorbuo7
pnLiowagz sy ‘snoayunuwuy
snunjvng — “you - soRjJang
‘tT “ds
‘supp sunok Ar90a {(puy
-0g pue nryonigoinag
Aygsour) ‘woo ‘spIs
“pe Trews < apnbog
Sy “uupupiow auppag
fy ‘spodvooq [earry
seovjims ye se ‘spod
-0do() — “you - W10930q>
‘F ‘aqubog
Say ‘spisnpey, [pews
‘ay ‘spodeooq = [earey
Sy “uunwp.ou aupoag
:y ‘snynwpy sabndouw
-UaQ * °F ‘svwmawabuo) svi
SUl0d ‘s2w.l0rbUo) pLouU
-ag S"ul0d ‘snavyounwug
SNUDIDD —*}OU-B9VFAING
‘Ystq sunod pur
~ ‘amedg ‘euney o1selog
| ‘urd GT ZT
a OF "EGS TT
8T ‘AOL T46T
GG | LEG | 2-9 “H| Il NOLLVg
“UyeF
IZ
L6G | LPS | 0-79 °M
‘ud ¢*9
“yes 0} ‘urd oe "F
ST AINE 39
G¢-€¢ | T-$G | §¢¢ “H| “I NOLLVIg
“ul0g | “eovy | “qrng
oq | -mg | Aig “IMOp
| Tray, ourry,
“TOPE M ‘ITV «| pue ‘oyeq
MOTzIG
‘ainyereduray,
‘SENVIS] AUNYAO "[A—‘6S8I ONIUNG ,GNVIUVH, FHL GUVOg NO TAVW SNOILVAUASIQ FO GUOOTY—'O AIAVL
Part III.-—Kighth Annual Report
120
“HFS
9 ‘Xouoredsuel}
S1eqea-Ysty ynoqe
‘OphL — ustuy 4V
"@1-66, “eq *"UIey
9 ‘kouoredsuely
{poop sinoy F ynoqe
‘aply ‘egeiepoul “vas
freepo ATeye1epout
‘p eo10j ‘*N PULAL
—- Sujuatseq = 4V
“HFS
G ‘£ouoredsuely
‘qqe samoy Z% ynoqe
‘OpLL — UstUy +V
61-66“ Teq FYPRF
G ‘soucredsuviy
fqqo amoy [ AT[ny
‘opry {eyelopoul
‘eas ‘{fpnopo {9g
90103 “a NN PUL
—Suyuurseq = VW
*SUOTZVAIOSGGO I0Y}0
pues ‘1eqzVo Ay “PULA,
“DULDULUWO'T
jo Ayyguenb e
‘% “nuh nwo
-unong tT ‘sna
“801 Lagspyouyy
eee ‘snqua)
nasa snuryor
*DILDULUDT
eulos ‘f~ ‘7n7
-7200 §=punDnyyn
‘Supagnd
DIUDLOT oe
“‘pibru DLLDUUNI
“ng se ‘snqwap
-nosa snuyoy
GON TAAL
ur dn gysnoiq
‘on ‘eune jy
99-81G0}1OAUT
$6 I 0 I SE |? T
aL | ry i i Gt -|--T
‘ a cl al ae :
ge oF T G j
l g pet one Beas 9) g
S rh Be Ara tae
5 ee ed or \=6 PT 18
Sts 3. A OTs |e FA z
G JI el tor clo
2 on 2 91 | 8 a a
eee
S bs :
Ser | I
9 I 8 Gia pe g
Saas Oe | Aad uk Cee, (a et
ry ce ee ar tet he em
eee eee «06 $0% I
SoYOUT] “ON |sotouy] ‘ON |Se|OUT] ‘ON
“YShy JO ozIg puv Joqunyy
. . Feat Jo[suy
‘spreuins WoUrULoD
‘syoopptH
‘ong Tres
. * “
: ‘sqep WOULUIOD
. sé
. ome (74
: * ‘gs9los MOMe'T
. . “ce
‘Qorelg
‘spreuins UOWIUIOZD
‘
Peo
‘syooppeH
e ‘sqep UOMULOD
. . ee
‘SOIR
* ‘Ker youqusoyy,
‘eyez, Jo uoydii0seq
"G snp) seusy
Sunok A10A fpooM-ves Jo
syususery fT ‘ds ‘nwng
} ‘spisupeyy ‘ang
Sy ‘sueIplosy [BAIvT
fy ‘spodvoeq [ear]
fy ‘puowag S*y ‘snup
09 — ‘you-ul0yjog
‘} ‘ao YSy
{(Sunok Area) v7ja7077
I ‘a ‘spodeosoq [ea
-IRT f(pLav0jJaWOUp pus
‘sabodowuay ‘“nLoway,
‘snung) <3 “epod
-edop -- ‘gou-s0vjang
I “@A0
ysy {({przeummsx) Sunos)
ysy yjeus Area suo
isnbyng sy ‘spodeoeg
Tearey {°F ‘nq7n6 mrsadh yy
ds ‘saugsaypy,T “nLoway,
‘snunjpg—"you-Ul0R40gF
‘} ‘agpbny $y ‘spodeoeg
yearey «= fy “MLOWAT,
sy ‘sabpdouguag = Say
‘snunjng—-*gou-eoVvJING
‘ystq Sunof pue
‘umedg ‘euney oLselog
6-19 | 0-29 | 0.2¢'S
‘utd 08°
"ayey 07 ‘urd ge "ZT
9% “AVE WIQT
6-1¢ | 0-29 | $1 ‘N|‘AI NOMVig
"TRF
9
GG | 9.2¢ | T-0¢ ‘N
"Ygey ‘utd 0% "EZ
ZI AME WALT
8.2¢ | 8-Z¢ | 0-1¢ ‘S |"III NOILVIg
“Ul04 “o0Ry -qmag is
“jog | -ang | Aq “UMOp
3 So Te, OU
"TOZC AN ‘IV | pue ‘oyeq
“MOT}ZRIG
‘oinye10d ule J,
“ponuyuor—SANVIST AANHAUOQ “TA—'688I ONINAG ,GNVIUVH, AHL GUVOg NO AACVW SNOMLVAUASAO A0 GYOORY—'D WIAVL
+t
‘Kep YOVe MO s}voq Jo LequUINU ot[} 1eY}050} Surppe Aq pourezseose si yyUOUL Jed sjoys jo zequmu
: [&10} ous, “YSy gZp xo diem ZE'st YsY porpuny ougQ ‘syooppeH [reug (Ayedroursd) pue ssurymM sepnpout , [[eUg, ‘ ATUo syooppeH{ ole Ysy , OB1e'T —"0K : a
nN : ax %
a 9%-0 | #89 | 1-08 | 6IIG | tFaFG | 6E8Z Gech | 986 || GPO | F806 | 9-29 4096 | €066| #9122} SFed| 616 | ‘1veX AOy Spejoy, #
TF-0 | 8&6 | $98 | GEE tag 19 98% 1 6L-L | &8¢ | 2&2 eas | foze | far PIL G | * = * “tequresaqt *
233-5 1-0 | 998 | $62 | Set | %66 Z8 Lag & 92-0 | 6LL | 6&L Gag 616 19% Sop 9T |* ‘* -“dequresony =
S 0 | 929 | OTP | SEL OFZ 181 e8¢ 4G 62-0 | &896 | F-66 6G PS6L | F9L £86 Gc |* * ‘eqo90 -, eat
oa G10 | 886 | 2419 | OF | FST IZI 19 4G 8-0 | 16% | 4-28 16 SPIT | 92e 0S co | °C’ Satequreydag %.
= a 0 | $26 | 928 | 99 ZL. | SOL sez | 3 || sto | 69ze] &28 | 09 O28: |“ RR We ee
= S >
= 3 120 | 28 | TOL | #8 GLI SIZ L9G 9% 06-0 | 8288 | GEL IZ PIOL | 61 688 1G. te oe ee i
S ,
= S | ‘ :
ee = G60 | T-IOT | #82 | 98 OFZ GcT ea GG cZ-0 | L068 | &&g 66 99IL | S9T SE 9%. {| 2-~ 7° 7s Sune .
ci — 91-0 | 608 | &&26 | TIL clP GLP 999 Ke 8-0 | G86} L161 901 LECL | $18 99¢ GG OST fe a OO, ee
4 — SS . : —
= ; = 9-0 | 1-6h | 2-001 | S6L 61 lg LOL 8% 83-0 | &Z6I | 8-88 891 G68 I8T 96¢ 26 sf rian Ree : as
x S ae
oe a) c¢-0 | 192 | 8-66 | #82 808 10 PIS G% 69-0 | 60ST | 92T LOT esa | fee OFZ 0 |* * * Torey pes
Fe: ees
= nf > 160 | £82 | SBIT | 22 ZG LIG L¥G 61 97-0 | @GLT = 6 4912 = Z0G 12 |" ° ‘hteniqeg | — ia 8
ae > . : . oy
E... < ILS | 682 | 9-O1L | ge 611 SLT 90 | ¥% Z9-0 | 9-68 | 8&8 eG cop | #9 cio | Fe f° * = 6‘Arenuee as
ee ~ [Teg | ‘esrery Z : ‘TTeul "9018 ae] : =
sie sS : E [emg | eaep]_, I bd a woes E Z ‘Teg | esre'T | S By - on
ae ~ pop ‘sSUTITY AA & |498001 |JO800T) S28 | rs 3 5, ‘pop ‘su AA 8, {598001 |J° S001] S28 | 38 o : ees
zi pue syooppeyy ‘ S22 es aS pue sypoppey g 2 Z 2 # 3 :
Cod 2° ° ; = Fe : he
sorig aad 3 ‘SOUTIITM ee B, Ze S sougaad es “SOUT MA ge B Bg -) ‘SHINOW eas
; std JO oquiny esetoay | =P aw soppeH 2 | F & || qstq jo soquny oseray | ee a ce eee es
ee -. | | "6881 : "8881 | , ees
SUI ae ae Ree SEE eee ET ae MIT AE EE a Oe ON DT ORE DE DEO he Se Fr ee se Se he SE
"68-8881 SUVAX—ONIHSIY ANIT GOO GNV MO0ddVA, NGAVEMONG— "LOTULSIG AHLAALSNV— ‘a ATA Vib .
= SP aeTt ‘Teo, eee cs
6LZ'LT| 26 |LIZI} G01} #89 | FFOS | - | 689 Be? 6I | 909. | Sz} Ig sor 168 pear 199| Z | SZF| SSS‘T1] - | - -
en - |- | 21% | art} - | oF | 9¢¢1¢ | g9 | ozt |zser | et |- | ze RE ae eaten = ‘sropMeay Uveq TROIS TT} | ae
6986 | 26 |LTZL O10 499 | #702 | - GL | 688 GL | 99 | ST | FOS) OF | TL] | FLLS | 9F9| Z | OFF/LOL‘OT|)- | - | ~- | ABIL | * ‘syeoq oul pusyeN [| “Ae os.
SE Da SRN SS Pee eas CS: es Sie eas FES, (Re ae ieee read Rs PO Ga SA ea ie a GE Sa 4 i] b ; =
| 8E8°CT} SOT/9T9T| 82-6 | OLGL | FELT | FF | O6F | G6Z\ Ee | 9ZE 861] ELT 19 | 469 | 1649 | 61] L | ThZ;elszt)~- | - | - | oOm | * ‘TeIOL ae
wee mates 1009S) 5. <)> ~ | 86 | 06) ~ | SLT | 68] T | FH | Ite | 2086 | 2] - | 88 )966 |- |- | - ~ | ‘StopMer} Ureeq WeEIS. “TT Pie
+ & {60681} SOrj9t9T 91-2 oLat POLL | FP 996 | 60d) © | TST | - | GAT] ZT | 98E |F86E | OLT| T | 8OL)SISTI|- | F>| —° | BOF syeoq oul] pure yN T | ‘THdy
ie QQ,
a. ~ Se) SES SS SS SS SS a SS eee Soap Se SR ee eo gee ee ee “2
jn ge N tn¥
ae a. G06 | S€T/2ZL | —- | OS8T | OFEL | 9 | 699 | SZI| OT | ZFO | GFT] 62 | GZ} 209 | 9922 | 06 | - | THT|FO9e |- | F | - | 968F)° ‘THIOL | : p32
: ue = |ecez |}- |- | - - | | 008 | 6F | IL | $93 | GFT] G | 6G | T6L j987a | Go| - | Za;/S98It |- | - | - = ‘sioT MUI} TUBEG TEOIS “TT | tS
ag S 1999 | eerzet | - | ogst | oFer 69 | 698 | 62/4 | LLE_|- | 26] OL | OTF |08FS | cg] - | FIT/6TIFG |- | % | - | 968F] * ‘S}¥Oq oUTT pus JON TT | “Youvy
mr. xq 2.4 RY eee ee lope ee, Ge peed Semel eases Ira eR, TKS RET Cael C-neso! enn E oe eee, Ses TAS
aaa cS | SPF'OT| L9T/68 | - | TOL | OFT | FF | I98 | GOT] 9 | T99 | 29 |for | 09 | 969 | Iz9'FI| Go| - | orjgror |- |- | St | Bee] * ToL -
eS SOO 7-|(——— (SO SO FI OO OS ES FO OS ES I .
. ee SS i i a ae Ro Pte LRU [a 2Gr|, GO 1. OlG~ {Le ect EP BOLE OLS wh Genes ee rae lexan ee = ‘sro MUI} UIvEd WEES “TT |
Te RQ = 0086 | AST/68 | - 961 | ost | PP | FLT ci & | Gr |- |.0L| 6L | 2eg jope‘el| ez | - | SII| Pose |- | - | SE | BéPe | * “S}eOd eu PUB ION T | “deg Ls
: 5 rePst| FIL9ee | - | 6roz | oL6 | 8¢| geez | zorl oz | sez 69g |ter‘or| Zt] - | ortlgpe |- |- | st | Fese|* ‘Ten
ay Spagna Peas 5 ose: bRRRS tehOe a GOL | SOL FO OOS ote G2 butets- |My | Secale, oe — |} “slopaawry UnMeg UnBeIg TE |
a S |9096'| FIT|988 | - | 6FOS | O46 | 8G | FELT | G6T| 02 | GOT 9 | FT| 89g |09¢2 |- | - | 96|796L |- | - | ST | 7886 S}voq OUT] PUL JON “T ee
= Ry F |FMOlSQOT] ‘SOOT | “go | “y0 [SOOT] “yao |-qaol"qyMo} "yo |-yM0]4M0/"yM0! “yao "YMO |"4M9}"FMO/GMO}] “JAMO |'YMO|"JAO!] “JAMO | “PAO “EE WE
at | 7. ee ee ee le ees ee Se Se ene oo eee eae laser arses bas cae a a. Gc | ee, ee ete Sh te then eee
° ° ms
- cn & : a St ee
- falo| & | o| Blo) eFle2l,|/Fz Rei 2| 21] z o |FIZ| 2 | F
. ‘OBA | =| 3 5 2 Zz ee ae & $e 5 Pp = 5. : Sy 3 a eB ¥ <f 40181 ‘oe i
ch 2 oul * a : fn id toe oe wo ||P Se el me | a ©, | 09 3 98
EX prt : ae Eo? | me : aa hs
a ° - o Te
=“ — .
122
‘SLOIUISIC, NAIGCUAAY ANV ‘NIAVHANOLY “ASOULNOT “AAHLOULSNY ‘ALIA AHL NI ‘6881
ONIUNG SLVOG TMVUT, NVAG WVALG AM ANV SLYOG ANIT GNV LON Ad GAAGNVYT HSI YNIMOHS—'Y WAIAVL
lap) | 1 ! { i '
re 9FF9 | OGL) FEE | TE-G | BELT |9OLT | Z| 6091 | GET] F | 8F8 | STZ] S@ | 18 | 999 | 2ZOI9 FZ | - | G¢| gcoL}/- | - | - ~ ° [eqOL, a
. LOTS | - ~ z ee ee — | OTML | FEL) & | 6Sh | FIG S@ | 92 | GZE | 086Z (0G | - | 9F| 06 |- | - | - = ‘SIOTM CI} ULveq WIIG “T]
= 616 | O61) FEE | TE-% | SEAT [MOLT | Z| 66L | ST] TL | 688 | LT |- |g | $8% | LaIE IF moe OS BOPE | Saal bas a * ‘syeoq oul] pue YON ‘T *'Po
= = ZIZB | GLI] T#L | 0-G | G69 |9ZE‘OL] — | Z68 | SPI] S | SIZT | 982 S | FEL SFG | QaczZ |e mai ee A 2d la ee Rheem OS See I ‘[T2qO,
X 69L¢ | - = & = = — | 882 | 961) G@ | SST | #82) § | SSTi Ze | GOTO |8 SOE) Of SMa Sate: ete Tr ergh a ks ‘S1OTM 81} ULeEq urea4g “a |
4 _ SvvG | SLT THT | 0G | G69 (9ZSOL| - | FOL | ZT} - | 098 |S | - | T_| 986 | OSFL | - | -.|% | I8t 19 |= L- | ceR de ‘syvoq Ul] put JON *T "dag
ee 3 SS SS SS SS SS eS | S| | es | S| I | CS | ees | SD | pee P
; Ss Z819 | O9T) -LOL| F6-L | Sh] [008 —. | 608 | 8FIl ~ | 698 | 68% IT ae GSP | S69E (88 | -— | 2h | 26 |- |- |- | Begs | ° [eqOL
= he GLE | - Se a) = — | 499. | GET] — | 62g | 68% @ | 62 | sco | 9FL2 PE | - | | 6eZ |- |- | - ae ‘Slo[MeI} UIBAq WRA4YG “[] ;
SS 2 G16G | O9T| -LOL | v6-L | SPS |008 prs ei Seo es harms 4 a gees ae Sena mY A — |G | e8E |- | - | | GGGL]° ‘sqvoq oul pue yon y | 4sn8ny] . |
= =i Ss LLL SS SS SS |S | | SS | | | | peer | SED | eS | SEE | ees | SENSES | Gee .
= S G6IL | 66 | G-FOS| 63% | GOS |OLL or ST9L | $62; Z | 909 | 62eG | e8| ele | sozg js9 | --| #8] Zeer |- |- |- | zeozl|: qeq0y, s
a - Q GL6P | — = 2 = ~ | OSST | G93] Z | 86G | 6ZTE% | 8} 80g | EFGZ 9s | - | 89] Geor}- |- | - = ‘SIOTMBIY UBEq WLO}g "TT s
= => 0GZZ | 66 | &-FOE 0%. 6 | G9 i0LL OL | 88 86/- | 80 |- |S | L | 9% | GOST [eh | - | 9L| GZ | - |- |- | G696|° ‘szeoq ouq pue gent ‘T ‘ATG |
0106 | 86; 996 | G8 | Z8Z (OOIT | - | $28 | LPS] & | TZL | O8ZFOLT|FO9T| OSF | FILE [SEIT] - | 622] T489|- |- |- | ggct |: TeqOL ~ ae
_ S| | | | | | | LS
= = 896 | — = = cs = Fo) WOs|. TL) 8 = |-TZe— ) S96) ¢ -| Sit) eet | Zeer ike <| ——_| 69.) zee | — 1 =" 4 = rm “S10 MBI} wveq Uv24S ‘TI .
ee oe GLr9 | 86 | 996 | 4-8 | ZS OIL | - | LLG | 92%; - | 096 | ST Gio feo | Ge | LIPS CLIT] - | 083] 6ceg | - |- |- | 9967 |* ‘syvoq ony pue yoN T “oun a
i x = F _['440)SOOT | “SOOT | “M9 | “4A [SOOT] “WMO |4MO/4MO] “Gao |4MO/-gmO]-gmo] YO | “GAO ['MO}-4m0/FM9] “yao |'Zao]-4mo [4m] “yaLo RE aS rs aya uayog) 8ST =
a te eee | 23 a m IS | | 4
je) — Q Cf
ee] 9) 2| 2] FS) F8lelelee lea fF] 2) E Egadel o |EIP/e| F !
we ote | | gl s| SR S| PIP BSS es] & ] & BSB) B) Sie Bl a) 2 “‘UISIG oye |
eee Re beeen alee or ECA age ery an: :
a malo eB j a
g
S
&
RS
E
S
=
N
~
“~
S
DD
_—
Part I1T.—E
124
re en en
— es Se roe URSA IEP Ec PRA RANI ERAGE GLAEIG GAN \GSCESRSE! GEIS SRI (PON SNOT MRIS: TRIS ICES) Ine GORE otas Saree canes be
068EIT|SELI| S-4FF9| 69-9EIShS‘CT |G92FS | STSILTS'EL |SOTS| Z2Z] G8L8 |FLzTIE6zE|t290T] 8zEQ |Z99‘F6 |GOFS| & |PISc|PEses | 9
— {L898 |T9ST) 26 | 6SEG |6Ezz £&G 888} 8866 |6&9 ‘6 100% | - ; :
PLOBL |SEZT a.cpF9 6. 9€ |S on ‘GT o91' | GIG\OSSF |ZFLZT| GéT| 9zFE leg |FFOG/FGZT| OFEE |SZO'Gs |G0ze| € |S80ZOS6IF| 9 | IL pe FE} *° ‘syeoq ouly pue oN
918° GE | ~
SEL‘OL |F8z | L6F
906 | ~
FLO8 |F8% 16
8L9Z |€FI | 699
vOCE | ~
PLO SFL 299
F As] “SOOT
‘onyte A
T8401,
"Ushd TUS
0 spury 10410
"SqvIQ
c.o | 19¢a lesct | 1F locot |epa| te | 692 leet |e | sH| 602 \6reo JFL | - [ree eeor | - | - | O8ajZeee | °
- - |~ lero lee | | ore lcer|- | 6e| 192 jess jo |- jaz joos |- |- |- |-
¢.0 | 19¢z jest | 1F leer ete | ee} eee [tT |e |o | 8h [Fors leo |- [66a lene | - | ~ | ogzjzeee | °
9c.z | cr1z losor | g¢ \ezet |rez | zor] 22 |tez|% | G6} 029 loves |2 |- jos jcest |- | | or zoo |* ‘Tow
- | - |oort [tet] z | 21 joez|t | 06] sze jises jo |- je joss |- | - =
99-6 | SFIZ 980 | SE |S28 [EST | GOL) OLE |T € |G | G66 |ShEh 1G — \[G 1696 - | & | Of jc0¢
"SOOT | “gM | “gMO [SOOT] “94K [4ako]-gao} “GAD |-yMo]"ZALO|*YMO] "ALD | “PMO [GAO] "PAO |"FMO] “PAD |°FALO/"ZALD/ “ALO! “FAL
i? S ~ . ae a mis Sin bo
2 | 2) 2 Ziel FE Sees e|s| 2] 2 Bees EF) es El Ele 3
ct a et x. =~ = = (PE =. St 2D et =5
* 6 Loz iL}
2. :
6GF |F0E ‘OL
IL | ZT '86LFE :
qeiou,
‘SLOT MBI} UvEq TIR84g
* *sqavoq oul], puv JON
TRIOL
S10] MBI} UIE UIBIG
‘S10[MBI} WIRE WRE4G
‘s}eoq oul] pus JON
a!
‘Tl
w
g [PAnUIU0I—FJOTTISTG UIST
‘panuyuor—SLVOG IMVUL, Wvaig NVvaLg Ad GNV SLVOd GNIJT GNV LON Ad GHANVT HSIY. SNIMOHS—'Y WIAViL
7
“4OL1S1C]
00g
"AON
6881
8 ee
‘o}eq
——— Tara
“
> er) en EE SS | |
= 96099 (F98 09-9819 | OT-68 joozzjseo‘es| - | STE |46cc) ZIT) goss | ~. | $84) BOG ATOEIFOG'TS og6e) 02 |60Lg\06e'sr | - |f909| 008 _|ere‘od s = wok oom |
| COTE so = cle get [91h 7G (0G 1-66 eG | | eee eee Rt Lee ee | - [ees # E Toqure0eq s
=: T61Z [06 |G2-T. | 00-21 06 PH B= Pee ee ORE 66s es Tg | OZ |I¢ 4 4 xoquaaoN |
ee 9681 |OFT | 09-6 | 09-9T ez |- |szlser |- |- |- love jozet |- | - ia Ss é 709090 |
= mg [PCG [GF [00-29 [00-76 OTT rosé |~ | E |- | 9 | 0% |~ J~ |” eee |FIPT | - | - ~ [816 see: requreydeg
s Bere (8G | OTST 193-6. | — 1rOk — teRG ft GET Pm | Pe ROE See SS le ealeeee : _ = genaay
ES ote let |oo-ore \se2 |- \eor |- |te |- |- [96 |- |- |@ jose rest |- |- |- foe |- |- | - loose yp ® fe Amp}
s Ole j0L j0c-998 09-9 |- |rOLT |---| SF [e06) 2 | 6 | ~ | OOL) ¥6 GlZ |SGLB |OLTZ] - [PhP [G98o |- |- | ~ 60 es ‘“ eune :
ee = cepg ize | 0¢.roez | e¢.FT [ops lerZE | - | OF [60ZI|- | 96 | - | 9F8| G8 |T6E [ZFOF |ZLET| 0G |A89TIZI'BT|- |- | ~ 98% i Avi
S |terr leo | oc-zoot| go-g lore loses |- | 9 |aee|- | ot |- | or | et jeoz fscee fact |~ |eee jetae |- |- | - [66 S r dy fo
> = cect \s6 |ouec | - lose lest |- |9 |eo|% ltroe |- | oF | or eee loge fas |~- |ooe joro9 |- | & | — |et68 f 2 yor |
- = 3 8666 [99 | - - |optlecrt |- | 39 [ee |e | ees |- | ot] e |ogz jase [4t | - jet iserg |- | T | 08 099% > a ArenIqe, y
a S eco, loo | - |9% loot lesoe |- [or gor} se} oes |- | + | Tt leor letst fret | - |IST [l6er |- |€& | 009 |a¥e‘8T| “40a om Pu Jou hq | Aaenuvp |
eae S | | | sua | =
i ~ 7 |'4M0! ‘SOOT | ‘SOOT |°9480] “39 [SOOT] “AO |°4.ALO/"FALO] *4MO |°FALO/"FMLO/"FMO) “GAMO) “ZAKO | "4.MO *4M9|"YMO}] “FMD |"FALO]"9MD] “JAD | “YMO Bias veer ; a
_ ne 4s Te = 3
“onye A ae S : : e 2 s | BE Ey 3 z = 3 z S 3 : | : “‘4OUTIST(L ‘ye 5 : ce
1210, Fe Z a E é. g rae [Sar we ne Z S E J z, = iS E s E Myst Aen a
ES ee FEA hic =
‘wonnuywoo—SLV OF IMVUL WYGG WVELG Ad ANY SLYOG ANI'T GNV LON Ad CHONY] ASIA ONIMOHS—"Y AIGVL
= ‘ | ' |
Ee eee eee ee eee Se ee 9 SS See Oe ee ee ee eee Se eee ce eee
826L [661 | 0-8861| 06-91] ~- | 2988 | - | 90BL | ZO Z | 89E | 99 | GF |Fes | 8LF | LL0°TT| Zar) - [60g | so6F | - os 2 Ss
abd he Ot) ho Oe SL Po PE 4 88d 6 eed FE Om = i= seo Pent eats ‘suopaery tuvoq Weg TT} |
Ger |661 | 0-886T| 06-91} - | 2988 | - | ISTt | sse| @ | 21@ | - | 4h] 9L | 9m | ZeP‘or| so] - eos | ase |- |- | - | oF * ‘syvoq our] puw yon “T | “Avy
7829 (91Z | 0-9ZIT| OF-6 |- |eeLo |- | OL | Gh) - | 82h | 9F|9 | OL | BIE |zz68 | F9|- | 99] zoIZ}- | - |~- | 09 "(wo 3
gag Sane a * ne op OLE} St ae SIT OF Ui ct OO. EO8 os free BORE cee per n ‘sioyAed} Urved WAS “TT ee
FS LI8G 91 | 0-96IT) 0F-6 | - |ee4o |~ | 69 | GE; - | I9E |- |G | T | 68a |eees | 09] - | Zo | BIsT}- |- | - | 09 * ‘syeoq eur puke oN ‘T | ‘THdy
4 Qy es ee ee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee Se ee ee ee ee ee rs eee:
RS leose |40z |o-zte | og-z |- |g9e0o9/- | see |og|9 | coz |9e}t 18 | oe lanes |st]- | 6s] a9 | - | - | - 7 " ‘TeqoL 3
~~ oy ike ONES Re a aah, Bence sl! ehciees | 0 EEE Reae ees SIRE ete a) GL Gebel i. Sn en (GES wc eeere BERGE Cea lawee am ares GR eS, > et (Sc a See Seer ler ee
eS ea bee % cay (os Sh ETL Pie | Oe | OCT =) B= Fe DAG ad Oe Ge he = age Che 2 ‘s1OTMBI} UIvEG WIL} “TT
S GOIS L0G |0-21e | 09-3 | - |9809 |- | 464 | 91} 9 | Seg |- |- |- | G96 |6l82 | 6 | - | 66] e9 |- | - | - : ‘ “syeoq oul] puv yoN [| “yore
NX _ EUS Ga ee a as ye ce Ges ee SS eee leg Peay mea eee Pees Ss cu as ees ES es ee eee.
~o |SI8L |g¢ | - - - |OPS‘OT|- | ZOIL | €T | IT | 229 | oF |#% {FOL | OTF |STStI] eT} - | Te | 22 |- |- | - | 989 " . [e}Oy,
+S , = Sa Tae) sD RE, Seca Sneeze SAGs) (GR (a Gece cn aed ean laa ees (Gea Sameeeee lisence (rake (eeace inion PSD ee (Glaus seas Cis oa :
5 ae Se = = ape Sf OER =) B6a | OP Ee) ERE OR Shop eo SOE Bp eh = e ‘sxoTMeI} UIvEG WIBO}S “TT |
SS 9802 ee | - = — {OFS‘OT] - | GLOT |G |, IT] P86 |- |G | Bj O9E |Se0FT] 8 |- | 12) 079 |- | - | - | 989 * ‘syeoq oul pueyoN T | “qe
Sy 6689 [16 |- = ~ [0088 | - | B9ZL | G3 | GL] TZ2I | 92 [FL | 0G | 9h | ToL‘OT] 92] - | 69 | Teer }- |~- | 09] I8er |° ‘ToL
= 6r0OT | - |- 2 a St O67 Ot = | OALE Oat 2 Re MOS FAST Oe OREa boot Se tce - , SIOTMBIY UGA WHOIS “TT | .
S josse | 26 | - = - |00G8 |- | ZSIL | 9T | 6L | LOL |- | Tf | | Ber | ESPo‘oT] Z| - | GF] IITL}]- | - | 09 | T82L s}woq OUT] PUe JON ‘T fas!
RQ F FAO! *SOOL | “SOOT |°¥419] “GAO [SOOT] “FAO [4A |"9MO] “FMD |°9M9[GAMO]"YMO] “GMO | “QMO |°FALO} "YAM! “JAMO) “FMD ["4ALO]"Y AAO] "GANO| “ALO OEE Pes ee
*‘panur4ywoo—-SLVOGT IMVUY, NVAG WVALG Ad ANV SLVOG GUNIT AGNV LON Ad GHANWT HSI ONIMOHS— ‘YT AWIAVAL
o) ° mw le
ae RS sc — co —
ie =
t, BSi o | & lal SIS|E8l a Bais |mial =.) FB Sis. Sle
Ps ; = o = =] sajoa7 |] wl p| $e wml &| & =e a |s s| Q o | = ea)
m= SA, one A S) 7 na © Ss 19 Sls = Sisco] =. 3 it
TAA _ an 2 na ot or & @ - ° = ec Qa eel D 2° al — RB @ ® %
j r=} 7A) Bb IP a S| 6 qOLt4siqy 94eq
--¥ e10 hej = o t+ 5 o oO te as ~ — uo ° ° chee = ta oe eu oO . ro} a 5 2
. TOL | 43) w Sie] = |S | wes we |me|e|/o] 5 6 |2bee a] F oS ieee
>> Su) wa ° a R Faas allt AOS + | § 02 eR | ols ©, | 09 . =
7 Dm . * mM ext Be | — - Ls as. ez =
” k =m = D> 09
ees o == . —
5 : Lear) Loart
< re
~~
127
/
:
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
esr¢ 79 [0.01 | OLF |- Joeeo | - | 286 | 6¢ | T | 086 set = fg L193) 1979. S24 Oe = erro,
gist | - See haope og =) feeb eerl > ete | 28 SCR i eh Eee sro] MBI} UO THUAIG “TI 1
o98e |F9 0-01 OL-F | -— joee9 | - | 649 | 6 | Tt ee |e ee OST Se OL ROL ie reo = * ‘syvoq oul, pue JoN ‘T ‘790
ere9 (Fe 1009 | 079 |- |eqz9 |- | 126 | 92/9 | Lett | Tol] - [¥ee| FLIT | 9429 |} FL) - | ZL] 62 |S |S |- | ore | ° ‘TOL
ee er eh ee Woe Cw ee Peg oe ee chor ee Ce ope eee eal ees
S6ZT | — = = - |- | 96% |89|}- | $98 | ToT] — |¥L2 | 9¢ G89L | FT| - | 6 | GL se 4 idee 2 ‘sIOTMBIY UIBEq IBIS “[]
isch \¢ 10-09 | 0%9 |- leqzo |- | 929 |or|9 | Zo |- |- | T | 6G0r| te0g);- |- {8 | 4g |%3 |S {= | Sore | * ~ ‘syeoq oUt PUY IoN-—F ‘qdog fo
966" ctle9 loge | ose |- lect |- | eer | ze] 2 | 109 | 68 |i {er | ceo | 84zz| St |- | ST | Zor |S |- | — | 8802 |* “TROL
ocel ep ie aE Sy Seog | Se | OBE | 68 Tr ee) SIRO sf ee ee eae sropAver} Wkaq UILAIS “TI
cre‘etleg [0.86 | 082 |- |ezet |- |eot }6 | 2 | att |- |- |@ | 099 | e96 |F |- | OL} SL |S |- | > | 880'L | * “s?eoq out, pus ION T ‘qsnsny
gic‘ot lee |o.6ez | 4¢-2|- leztz |- | ose |¢e|2 | toe | FIT) o | #1 | oor | eove | 9T|- | FL] Sie |- |- |- | ress | TOL ae
oe ee ee = Fale a ggT hte TLL PUES PT Bee Oe [le tO I ee eae Si di ‘SIO MBI} UIvEG WEO}S II
7016 |ee |0.662 | 992 |- leet |- | tz |0e|2 | oet |- |- |- | Teor] 666r)- | - | 8s) 706 |- |- | — | 88PS | * —SFeOq CUR PUB ION TI “<p 3
Orgs |00z |0.0¢0T| 98-11] - |oge¢ | -— | 962 | SOT] 2 | THF | 18 | SL | OG | STIL | 4026 | S2z| - |TFL | 961G|—- | ~ | — | 68 ‘ [eqoy, | ere
i ae Se a fy re) STE OTe = c00 kt TR POL 06 <b B08 TE Sa Oy i SO a ea teal mate ‘sroT Mey Weed WEIS “TT $
908¢ 006 0.0901 98. 1r| - |oee¢ |- | 089 | 96] 2 | G22 | - | IL | IL | 860T | 2816 | GOs) - |GET} TST@};- }~ | ~ | 6 * ‘sqvoq oul] pue JON “J | “ouNG fo
“ponunzuoo 6881 f:/ ae
|"4M| “SOOT | ‘SOOT |] “4a00 [800 | “Jado |°4ALO/"4.ALD) *4AKD | °FALO]“FALO) "GMO! “PALO | “FANO ]“4ALO *{M9]"FMO] “JAMO | "JAMO! "JALO)"ZALO] “ALO —pIFAISICG 080O1F MOM hare
} ’ =) = oe
ota ae acre a a
B8| O° 5, ord eee Ee | op BS aes mr) = e 1Oalae] wl o S| @| & | > oe
melee] J | F/El & (alee | e| Fl se sSe|8) & | & Sees ie) S/F E| & “JOITISTC. aed |
mor/3e} | 1B] S| Sl aFIS| Pl QE lerl s/s) S| 8 |PeeR eS) [Sl Fle) & ee of
Be Ba ae Pe ee a coo eel S| eae le ie & | Oh
cy . = o — — { | ‘ : 2 4 :
*PanuyuUo0gIi—SLVOG TMV], Wvag NVaLg Ad GNV SLVOG ONIT CNV LON Ad GHGNVYT HSI ONIMOHQ—"G AT19 Viv <> Ss
ee Senden! aS P : ~ TEE RE bet Ss pa ag tend = ee = “— r : —" =
/
.
Part LII,—Eighth Annual ne
128
90986 ‘86 [89ST Se6F | 19-26] - | 296°¢L; - | 999 Trer01 0&T begs GFOT| 62 |¥ZFS} Z99B |esz‘zor| 616] — | LZ; ZELFT| 2 | 2 [OL | 6L9‘EST
996%] - | - - | - |- |ogee |sre | Z | 9989 leror| Ir |fo0e| gor |zeztt] 98 |- | 96 |eZor |- | - |- =
ogg" a eeer | 19-29} - | zoc‘ez| - |96t6 |t29 | sat] #262 |— | 89 | ar | Lees | eco'Te| ees} - | ozolego'et) 2 | 2 joL | eze‘eet
0692 |g6z| - | 090 |}- |seog |- |stzt po | 2F| t6z \sor| ¥ [fer | OFT gu6 | #1] - | tg|zert |- | 1 jor | 8
9691 z - | ~ |= |teq jeg | & | 999 [sor] % [or] or |eztt |e |- | 8 jee f- |=. |- ‘s
4609 sez| - |090|- |eeoe |- |astr \tz | er} eco |- | a ler | peor secs | tr} - | ez loze |- |r lor | 82
errs os | - |oet|~ |seoz |- |oert (ett | et | sett sex | - |tr¢ | 918 | s0¢‘0r| at 4 Be aT eee ae
vs Sor fg Pacem! rn el aes ue 1 amet # ac ed wa A ci CS a as 2 OOO? ls en: Ea
zooo 06 | - | 0&1 1|- |geo2 |- |tée |Zr | 6t| Foe |- |- |% | 182 |4s16 |¢ |- | ee lose |- |T |- |] -
F |'4MO} “SOOT | ‘SOOT |"¥400] “4a ISQOT] “gato [°gMo]"yMO] yMO |-4MO ‘amol IMO] “GMO | “GMO [°9M0]*9M9/"ZMO! “PALO |'gMO}°9AN0/"F MO} “YANO
i) fo) w Io
m=, ac wv — iy
=a > =
npales| ¢ | & lel € |S|SLI Fl elSe ise ele| & | & lssiga Gt) OQ islisig| §g
op |He| = o 5 o © BIS) Sl aia Slo} = S |eti@ al os 2 |F|e| gs es
Mobis) 2 | BS |e) Be | ee |e Beim*+eis| F | & [ester Fl © |e) a) tl) a
2 . : : Ba as id fo : a rw tS |S :
g er pee <
_~ > D
‘TeqOL,
‘sIOTMBI} TIVE WRAY
‘s}yeoq OUI, puv JON
{8qOL,
‘S10T MBI} UIBEq THB949
‘syvoq OUT] PUL JON ‘T
Te4OL
*‘S1OT MBI} TBO UIvE49
‘sqvoq oul, puv JoN
*panunzuod
—JITAISIG, 980.13 10M
“qOLysI
: “‘panuryuoo—SLVOG 'IMVUT, WVEG WVALG Ad GNV SLVOG ANIT GNV LON Ad GHANVT HSI OSNIMOHS—'Y FWTIAVAL
‘I wok
T | PUM
‘Il
‘29
‘Tl
si | “AON
688T
‘oye
129
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
o9|- | -
os le | -
09 let | 9.
09 loz | se
ct |r | 09.
- |29 | 00-1
61 lor | 92.
GL losF | 00-8
9otloze | oz
qi | -
le|- | -
oo|- | -
"UShT TUS
"$1948( 0]
Sid) ie aA BN LN MNS Pll eA ee a) ys a
? = i> | WR | |. TS | Ok Sr eS fe | GOP Lee ‘ot {ott}- |- | - ‘ort “¢ al
+ SRS Oe eS aE ee a ae | GRR ORE Gy ee a ee ele aah < re
i cle ian =’ eh (eee 1 A co i Wf te al oo il ee eee cee eee a 4 a
. Sa ara 5 Ae ce (ott 3 ene OO ou lg eg ele ee SRM SR I e .
7 reek ie Ge mee geet =) |-os= BBS NOOR Ga lo" " le iGeas = em le alee é
ea ali 2 i i sh lee ie hie See Oe Sm eo Ae ti les SS lal oe, ia, 3 ‘i i
r - |- |oe |ezls {9 - | 68] | 6G | S90 | 902] - | Sati ZZ9L}- |- | - |PIT , a
= = 1 ee fal Be Se - |o6|9 | set | tore | osel - | osal zetre}- |- | - leer * oe
- ti Wa 6 a WL; My 9 Waa i Ft lay BA yy lB) Gl 2 oh 955 2 aT PO PES | SESS a ~
- eA ke WA OO Rat ch 2k a lig 1) || enh oed Bs la ea) Sco Bs - rs
. PURGE lS Ae eo bt bere El lA lame io) italien be ot Ogg .
. - |- |46 |%6)68/92 |- |% |e | Set | ShIe} 02) - | 08] goer|- |- | - j60gF | ‘sz¥0q our, pue you Ag
—9TISIG
"YAO | “FMD [SOOT] “GAO |°YAMO/ 4M] “FMD [4M] FM) "JAMO! “FMD | “FMD |°FAL0]"9M9/ “YAO! “FMD [°ZM9O/"YMO] JMO | “QMO WIABVYIU0jS
=¢ WB z
5 2 q a ag a: eg 5 5 z Ege Bde 3 : | : “01481
% = Be —
O spuly 1030:
"SqeIO
J
*Panv1jquoo—SLVOG IMVU], NVAG WVALG Ad GNV SLVOG UNIT GNV LON Ad GHANVYT HSI ONIMOHS—'Y ATAVL
reok s[OuU MM
Jaq uIa0a(J
Jaq waA0 NT
13q0}O
Jaqureydeg
qsusny
Ane
oun
‘=
Part III. —EKighth Annual Report
130
— ee ————— eee eee eee | | Rm
Gc8 |IFL | &
6ST |€6r | €
0-FF |09-E| —
0-SL |0G-T| -
€26 |LIG | 6
892 |901 | §
GSt |LIL | 9
9GL |€9L | Z
6F6L |OOZT| $88} SE9} S60T | 9986
SF6T \O0ZT| Z
828) 6T | G86
GGL |ZPZT! 6
29g |IZL|¢
e9¢ |IZITl 9
T8?T | 298) 2
GLITZ | SIE! 69 | Z9T| 293 | OSS*IL |06
61% | 8G) §
FO6S | 626) ZS | OFT F6
‘ONT eA
120],
"ysta T1°US
Jo spury 1010
*SqBIO
*S1948q 0'T
"SURI
=
o
n
nD
@
—
ZR
€ZG |OOT | §
68l |€9 | 7
696 |8& |} 9T
8Z9 {ISL |
166 |Z8 | IL
"yuo |*yn0| "yo
©
co
=i
ee rd M
Ore | i)
et =| ct oa
ie O, &
abe
©
Fh
F06Z | 62%
GGTP | Lh] Z
“4.M9} “FM9 | “YMO *YM9] “JAAD | "GMO
oreld
i)
‘lepunoLy]
®19S
‘qe
“poqin,y,
“yocppeH
bees sl
*(a[og woue’T)
OPT SesL |=" t=" | =") eee
$99.1 Se ads
ggg1| 28 |ospT| ogez |- |- | - | sag
90¢ | |066 | Loeh|- |- |- | t9%
O60TT = Ha fia Dh
676 | 6 [086 | Tice} - |- |- | 9p
066 | 6826 |- |- |- |-
OviLit = ibe ibe ha
69 | PIE} - |- |- | -
Pel | SOFT | - | - | - | Loee
Bie tote aes stay
Mi |- |- |= | doe
98 | - || - 1- | ere
me) rte ee
9 |.- 1- |> | ee
"JM9 |*yMo]"gMo]"zAO] “yo
TR
=|Fln| &
Q 5 © | re
° en ee es 3
Qu. oO e | & =
. iS Be luet oe
g, | #
“roy
‘SLOT ABI} UIvEq WILE}
‘s}80q OUT] pus JON
TeqOL,
“‘sropuay tree uIeaIg
* s780q oul] pue JON
‘T4O.L
‘s1o[MBI} UIBAq UIeEyg
‘s}eoq OUI] pure JON
‘TeqIOL
‘s1OT Mel} Uva UIRE4g
‘syvoq oul] pue JON
{eqOL,
‘s10[ MBI} ULvOq UTvEYg
ay
zi
I
‘II
TI
‘TI
‘syv0q OUl] pue JON ‘|
*POIUISIG WIIps9Igy
“LSI
“PINnuyyuoI—SLVOG IMVAT, NVIG WVHLS Ad ANV SLVOG ANIT AGNV LUN A GCHANVT HSIY ONIMOHS— ‘YT WTYVL
‘Tudy
\pOIe]
‘Q9a
‘uee
6881
“ozyed
131
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
So Iti?
re ae a a eS a ae ES a ye a a a ae eae a a a a Pe
618FL | - |00-86]- |- |- |- | Zest | gel 2 | 12% le6z | ee | sez] TFET | Ze8‘IL | 93 1- |66 | gstr|- |- | - - * — “feqoy,
c6es'IT |- | - |- |- J - | - | eIet| tH] - | FZIZ 6621 - | Zecl SF $698 A Fin 0 a a a - “STOTABIy urveq Wea} “TI
$66 = eo i - a- 9- 4- TSL 86z| 2 | LF — +8871 i860 | F008 =e 68 jezeg 24 a a= -- * ‘sqvoq oul] pus yoN ‘[ "290.
OIZ‘9T |- |at-ze}- |- |- |- | pret] 8 | - | GZgL |TELT] set] ILF] g8FL | Zoz‘ot | 22 | - |ee | ssc |- |- |- | 92902 | * ‘teroz,
T60r |- | - |- |- |-.|- | ter! % | - | eect \tett] - | ort ze 2618 Gh + aie decd 1. ee a ‘SIO Me} ureaq UIeA4g “TT
6964 —ep2e | a {= f= |=" l= ie Mi May 43 =") 9ST] iE “) Port. | aes |) 0a oy ee - |- |- | 929'0% | * ‘s}80q oul pus yon ‘T ‘qdag
ris’se | - | 00% |- |- |- |- | 922 | 80}- | 9p9L le96 | O6T! Ger OGIL | sees lgst|- |cg | Gog |- | - |---|] Foeszt]* “Texom,
£836 - |- = =e doe | ich Doda ede alec ObHIG00,,| Oeil: Bobet OeLL> 200 | colt cee? 1 ‘SHOT ANB} ureeq Ueeyg “TT |
Tes6a | - |0-0P |- | - |- | - [- Oo et he —- | G8T} 8 | 68II | 2g9 6 - |gg | sg - |- |- | p0g1T| ° ‘syeoq our pue yon “T | ‘4ysnsny
GhO0S |- | OST joo. |- |- |- | PEL |S9T | - | 6IZz I996 | ISL] sez] ZeIt | GoT9 oze|- log | ote |- |- |- | teeHzt]° ‘Teron,
c908 - |- Se | he LOb-GLal ssbb aealeOO > taal Gea GOSF - lies | .1T AE aS a ih a a Getic, ‘S19 MBI} TWveq UIBAG "[]
15103 SR WSS) 01S A 5: st — | Tet] ¢ | 26Tr | cosl irr | -— 6s | 18k |= 1 - "| ~ “T HeePer| * -“sioq eal pas yon “yp | “aiae
Tg60T | - |c%-8t | 01] - |- | - | Teer |s9¢}—- | trot jeterl ose] Zozl zegz | rece loeztl 8 ieee | ere | - |- |- | oFez . TeHOL
FP6G -.|- ie Pe Peer Wool | Golal- tesb OGG balGien miniarean ar $O9¢ . 1262.) —\6L. 029.1 - {> | @ = ‘S1OT MBI} urveq UBS “TT
4006 e242 al 4 i a ie Wi i 5 ll ie 3 — | 618] SL | L86% | OF09 + 68FI| 8 ozs | 196} - | - | — | OF6Z * ‘s7voq eu, pue Jon ‘T | ‘oung
“panuyjuod 688T
5 *4M9| “SOOT |SOOL|"3M9/*FM9O/SQOT| “GAO |°9AA0/ "FAO! “QMO [“FMO!"PMO!"Y MO! “YMO “YO [MO] “FALO] FMD] FAO | “4ANO/"QAAO] GMO] =“. —PLYSig WIpIIgy
— ea pee va Wicgempels cs ds cubes athe ees oops sake INN 2 ee ages a ae Rea at
wa Se ae he ee
at cE S| o| Fs a Bl ols m |oole =| 2 br
oma Fel 2 ELE el al eel Fl s| See Ele] 2 | & ERPS El eo |ELE/2| 8 yout owed
610 re o ct oO e ct a laa) oa HR Ep ct| 2 a a. Ee ca He b e
ae “9° Le E F :
= Lear} .
"‘panuyuor—SLVOG IMVUL WVIG NVAILG Ad ANV SLVOG ANI'T GNV LGN Ad GHAGNVT HSI ONIMOHS—"Y FIGVL
~_
S
S)
>
gS
~
S
>
Ss
S
x
Ss
S
-S
|
me
re
E
Q
132
CILZ6I | — |OF-S6T ot-2| - |= |- ltec‘or prt# ez leos'se logseleccclzzzeloce'at | oea'rtr \ttz5) oF lozteroc‘ze|- |- |- | oreeze|* ‘Tou
zoos |- | - |- |- |- | - |900‘etjoze | ZT [929's joszelea logge|s2r | e¢3:69 |STII] - [48% lores |- |- |- | — | “stoTmury uvoq uree3S “IT | “re0d
O9r‘S6 | - |OFS-6L0L-L)- | - |- [S291 rece 19 64. | - SNE: E1921 | S16 FF |6Se] GF |ec6ESI9'6L| - | - | - | OFGLE| * “S}¥0q eUTT pue ION “T | TOUM
ty SD le ae Gee ee ieee ee 2270, 2: | @ |eedh [Tec | - loz js96 | 9ze6 | TIT] - [ast |t6ce |- |- |- |06 |* ‘Trou
SOL ot Fok tats 13) 268b gr) — J0CLe py IMh = 1066 48 I9i9 | 93} - jOL fess | - |- |- | - | ,“stopery ureeq wees “TT |
OE at Se BO EH A Se Se 3 RR FS Sah Di wf Uh SIR. OR IG RD a sal lea cic _ “syeoq euTT pue NT | 0d
ecs'1t |- | - |- |- |- |-— joupt joge | o2 | 8gte jo26 | - jaze | 262t | L6L‘°0L | 9 | - joSL | Zest) - |- |- | - "Teor
deer | mock- | - | [— fropte| — | Sete ele (ose — | 2808 | 9) 10 96 a Li > | pee ERO mined tle
et EP as Ms a Ra? SAR Re 8 | CR 2 IE ea eB ae syeoq oul] pus ION“
‘ “AON
a 6881
. . . : : . . . . . : . : —DEISId Wop19qy
F "4M0] “SOOT |SOOT| ‘$49 "FMO/SQOT| “AKO [FAK] "FANO] “FALO | “YANO | "GAM ) “YMO] “MO 4YMO 4M9/"FM9]"FM9| “FAO [°FAAO]"ZMO]"YMO) — “YMO
er teen Pd tt-4 1 rt ee pa
wn = ey | 5 mt iS S| 2
oa ez] ¢ [Elo] S/o] 22 lel el Fea ele! 2) E (Feedte! o IEMZ/e! F
reo. =r 2 |S) P| el e| ee) Fl S/Ps ibs) S/S) & 2 ISsea/2/ S| Fl Bis] 8 *sPOLSI ‘o1vq
ae) FEE | ele) ae) se | [pele] es) F] 2 ESE S| & lal ele) g
Eo i ie he on . 98 ‘ tg as .
© Fo | eee > }
‘panuyuoo—SLVOG IMVUT, WVAG NVAlIg Ad GNV SLVOG ANIT GNV LON Ad agaNnv] HSI ®PNIMOHO—'Y WITAVL
——s - = ee = - SE — - a _ - ee —— a eee -— =
133
8Z gL c6 G9% 4 oy i 3 StF #8 198 ST QOL | * (Tetroqta104-eaqur foury “TIT
08 *g % 43 T 9 5 g OIL if jag g LG | * “[ertoytsseq-eaqxo “ourT “TE |
LL SLL sf) 969 a 3 8 lt TOST 121 eLél GL 199 os OS, E> eee
a 89 LL 6F1 ad sg ae ao 69% GF e61 SL £6 * ‘[elO4 {110} “Jou Jo ourT “TIT
91 89 1G gg & g = T 609 GP 01g éI OU tr bee
c -1110}-814 x9 “Jou JO OUI'TT “TT
6G | S6r | 02 LOF ni) Auee 8 tL gezg | SOL L183 | 99 OrOT |° * «— “Jueapueeg J | Ane
3 Lb £8 0G £0% cs af jis ses 0GF 16 g91 #8 OLT | °° ‘TeHtops104 ‘oury “IIT
S ee rst | 8 ¥6 Oty SS A 2g) 38 $8F 6GFS_ | GL 8c9T | 86 | LLFg | * ‘Teoy140}-vxyx0 “oury “IT
~ cep | G8G COs SL 699 g 6 FOL 1966 Gg SeFl 66 SPE ol oe [avs] Uveg “I | oun
mR LT 061 81 86 “ Bs ee zs 998 got 99% OF 68h | °° “Teltozrt4104 “ourd “ITT ;
= +6 sli | ¢ 09 go 68h g Gg IS@1 00T Lob 6FG =| $896 | * TeH0z410}-v1}x0 “ourT “TT
— | 9s 97g | 29 609 T L 9 29 FIST 06 86F 66 LOW oo ots [aery veg “| Av
= GG PSI | FT 36 sa ee fe ees cy S91 00ST SLT ceo | °° “[ertoqr110} ‘ourry “IIT
S SL c9OT | 9 68 6 col | ST ZOE PLT S416 | GOST | 6896 | * TeHoytsez-vxyx0 “ourT “TT |
m tL cos | 6h 69% = I 7 OF ZOF 69% FShS =| «GFL | «(OFS " * query veg “J | “ady
S| a TL 2 z os x 916 P91 1OIG | 62 | S18 | *, * “Tettoq11109 “ourT “ITT
= 86 ele | Gg 991 G 6 T ST 826 206 9086 | OF |. LETT | ° ‘TeHoq110}-v1yx0 ‘oury “IT |
.% Tg 19g | 68 Gle sf S L ag 6FE Fel PO6T =| | 6S QoIL |* * ° {Ae ueeg T | “Tew
i *SYMO *STMO “SIMO *SJMV0 *SJMO *S4MO “SIMO *S4MO *S]MO “SIM? *SYMO “SYMO *SYMO “HALIOT ©
~ 1» a eae "<n: baad SE WEEN OS, SAS or x SR || rel) > 3 piss aAST ee |
>
‘(rewg) | (eSxeq)| “(Trewg) | *(e84e7) “(Trewg)
Ustad | Ustad | Te “orerg | THe “over | “(tremg) | °(e8xe7) | -(Treurg) | *(eBxe) | Su | 2(08xe]) | “(e8zeT) | “(TreIg) | *(28zeT) SUOTIEIS "GION
OHUM | HTM | “Lepunorg | “sepunopy | MqyeH|MaeH | oq, | yoqany | pase | SUyTM |AOppeH| POO | POO
Jo spury | Jo spury| ‘ajog uowery | ‘ajog uowey yooppey
ry} | 1230
"6891 NI NEWHHHSIT GNIT GNV SUMIMVUT, WVU Ad
SLOIISIG] NEXCUATY GNV HLIGT AHL NI GHGNVT HSI TIVNG GNV HOUVT JO ATHINOJ SHILILNVA() FHL SNIAOHQ—'Y FAV],
Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
134
ne el
bg
08
OST
96
G86
81%
GG
10%
€89
61
08
619
a
8lZ
"SAO
‘(Ireutg)| *(e8rey) | *(a8reT) “(Treurg)
Tse ‘oorerd | Tse ‘eoreyg | (Trews) | *(eSaeq) | *(Treurg) | *(e81e7q) | Surg
qnqreH | MqIeH | Joqiny, | yoqany,
std
OFLA
ggeT
6009
[609
&¢
GGL
6E
COP
086
F69
06
60T
¥6
wi
G6
"SAO
CIP €c9T
9LT g89
T6Z TZ19
0G FEL
G #9
%8 F6¢
&@ F0G
6 GL
*9 €8¢
GE COT
19 c6L
89T cog
18 282
G9T PLFL
*S}M0 *STMO
st
oqrt
12}
‘iopuno,q | ‘tepunoz
jo spury) Jo spuny| ‘efoy wowery | ‘ajog wowle'T
1030
ec
“‘panuryjuoo7—GQQT NI NAWUAHSI, ANI'T GNV SUATMVUY, NVA
-
18 L461
G GG
ay e.
a I
T T
‘SyMo | ‘SMO
I 7
GL | ¥9er
88 FLL
I 7
PL FOL
” :
if Z
OL 08
I I
La 5
L 69
8 ¥
a SII
POOF
6918
168°F1
#9
&LOL
LIV
LLY
9SP
VSP
614
G19
€28
L0G
G89
"SM
‘([retg)
pue
OpprH
€06
SSI
OOLT
096
"SMO
*(o8re'T)
2818
9I8'FL
GIS‘Zs
896
SéLP
T60L
608T
LLOT
VGGE
be)
TS9L
GEG
9101
9679
"SMO
*(931v'T)
928
TFlé
68
bP
PIL
06
LéT
68
98
vg
vL
OF
a
18
"S.A
‘({7ewmg) | (e318)
pop
Suny | wooppry| poo
COCR
G6P'6G
6108
OST
G08
OLs
6&P
LYE
G8Z
vel
966
ogg
one
CLL
*syMo
Tae
. ms 0
. i
‘(eo p110}-vIyUr “ou “TIT
(eMoqt0}-va}x9 OULT “T]
{Mel} Weg ‘T
‘[BILOPLIL0}-VAYUL ‘OULT *[TT
‘[BlLO}IL104-B1}xo “OUT “[T
[Mei] Wve ‘T
“(eOps194-e1yUL “OULT “TIT
‘TRILOYL0}-v1}xo ‘OUT “TT
.
‘{eILOPAI
{MUI} Wee “T
94 Jou 10 eUIT “]IT
* “[err0y
-1110}-81}X9 “JOU LO OUIT “TT
{Mvl} Weg ‘T
*‘panunjuoo—FA LIA
‘SUOTICIG
AG SLOIMLSIG NAAGUAAY GNV HLIGT AHL NI GH0NVT HSI TIVNS GNV ANUVT AO ATHLNOJ SHILILNVAY WHL ONIMOHS—'A AWIAViL
‘00g
*AON
"300
“YO
—
sep a ee ae et ee es oe ee paper aD mt ewes Serer) ee
an) |
= nh ees eee eee eee eee eee eee PPE oJ. gee eee eg . . . ; . ‘Quy ‘II
< wal G9FZ ih ae oe oe ZOLE zs POOP 961 oeg | ** [Mey Uveg ‘J | ‘any
oy ye . one eee eco ese ove eee Sols 892 Sopp 61 6FL . . . : . ‘ouryT ‘II
of GOT 0808 jie ie ie us 6016 Bi 460 882 r6L |° * * [wer uveg ‘I | Aine
" eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 106% S90T 989 M 20% Z16G . . . : . ‘QUlT ‘II
= es “i 6&2 69% 6 vi s Pay 8s9L 1g O88 6G OCG |° “* * “avery ueeg ‘T | eune
S&S eee oes eee vee bee eee eee eee 9688 WAS L19¢ 1cg¢ 9IZZ . . . . ‘our'y ‘Il
= ai a GST 096% “a al a = GEST SL OLOL OF es¢ | °° * [Mery uveg *y | Ae
S ‘
R7 he ote Je rye soe vee vee or vee 6ZOT FPL FECL CST 16g . . . . ‘ouIry ‘II
S ot CII 192% iy ps “a es SIIe 611 G19G ele O60 |° * * [Mery ueeg [| Tudy
he ees tes OL eee eee eee eee aoe Ill +6 O/FI IS ZOLL . . . : . ‘our'y II
= a i G8 69S si ss sy at g9ge 18 OScF 19g QPIL | ° * * “faery weeg -T | ‘reyq
a tee ee oo eve see ove cee Gl! ol 969% 6ST O9TL . * . : . ‘our'yT ‘Ir
< it GBI — g008 ce ag ae et OST l L891 708 sigé |° ° * [Mey ueeg ‘[ | ‘qog
> eee eee eee we, sc ove eee ees 662 $6E GEES 986 929 . . . (- ‘oury ‘II
"3 eee ore eee GQEePr eee wee eee eee 99LT 1Z GGLI oss 186 . . . [Me1y wveg ‘I ‘ue
Ry *SYMO *S1MO *SYA\0 "SMO *"SJMO *SYMO *SYMO *SyMo *SY.MO *SyMo *SYMO *SJMO “Sy ‘Naaduaav
fue: fee er pete es eee eee ee Se 2 fe ect Ml [SN atc om dys epee Seal
~
‘> | (ewig) | -(08x07) ‘(Trewg) ‘(oS1e'T) : ‘(Treug)
WM | USM | Me “eoreyd | aq “oorerg | *({reurg) | *(e8.rerT) | -(Treutg) | (eSrerq)| Surry | *(e8rer7) | *(eBxerT) | -({7eurg) | *(e8xer7) suOTIEIG ‘qqUOW
OTM | UTM | opunopy | “Tepunopq | yquyeH |inqyeH | yoqiny | yoqmny,| pue | SuymM |yooppey| pog | poo
JO Spuly | Jo spury | ‘efog wowery | ‘ejog uomery ysooppey
TeHIO | TIO
:
“‘panurjuoo—EQQT NI NUWUAHSIY ANIT AGNV SUATMVUT, WAG
Ad SLOTHLSI(G Ndaddady GNV HLIGT FHL NI GAGNV'T HSI TIVNG GNV FOU] JO ATHINOW SHILILNVAD AHL DNIMOHS—‘q AIGVL
a4
i)
>
ge
5
S
=
xq
=
>
=
hag
_
E
AY
136
CN
ae a gI 8: a + = “| $pzg'rt | 19L'L | Feesios | seer | seer): ° ‘eurT
ms if SIT ece‘Le ¥ ay, ve ys LicZs | 098 ogs‘9g | 2FOL | OF6L | °° * “WIROg
ase one ans wee eee eee one eee VAs 9F9 LISI OZI COSL . . . ’ . ‘ouly ry
= 09 123S 1% = a ei i (rn goog =| St8 | «S26 Cf CS TRI Beg “T | ‘eq
eee eee eco eee eee ere eos eee F60L COIL JE9T 9 1¥6 : . . ; . ‘oury ‘II
es ay 81 1108 we ss i . SESS ¥ 6ceh | 169 «=| «(969 " "Faery urveg "[. | “AON
eee eee eee aes ove eee eee eee 6FL 131 ECFL eee 0l¢ . . . ’ . ‘uly II
Si _ cat 6867 ¥ xi eS ¥ go9g | «Ge 9609 | FL | FOO | ° * * Ney Mee “J | “30
aoe ane ore tee eee eee vee eee Z89 16: 628 eee eg . . . . ‘oury ‘II
eve eee eee 019% eee eee eee eos OLTF Ze GOP 198 ecg . . . [Ary ulreeg ‘T "ydag
*Sy.no *"S}AVO "SPANO *SJAV0 *SYM0 *SJA\0 *S}ALO *S}AL0 *SyMo *S}Mo *S}AL0 *syMo *S}Mo “‘panurjuoo— NAACYAAV
(ireurg) | *(e8xeq)} “(reug) | “(e8.xe7) ‘(Trewg)
ist st | ME ‘oorerg | a ‘eorerg | “(Tremg) | *(e8xer])} “(Tremug) | (e8xe7) | Surg | {(e8xeT) | *(e8.xeT) | “(TreUs) | (@8re7]) SUOTIEIG qyUOTy
aya | HUM | ‘eptmory | ‘tepuno,g | nqueH | mqyeA | yoqmy, | yoqiny | pue | Su |AoppeH| POD | Ped ,
jo sputy | Jo spury| ‘efog uowe’T | ‘ejog uoweT ysooppey
| 10430 | 4030
*panurjzuoo—6QQl NI NHWUAHSIY ANI'T GNV SUMIMVEL NVAG
Ad SLOIMLSIQ NAMGUAGY GNV HLA] AHL NI GAGNVY] HSI TIVWS GNV ADUVT AO ATHLNOW SAIMLILNVAY AHL ONIMOHS—'Y ATAVL
137
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
“IOAT] “ATT ‘SouOUIOUR-vos “eg ‘sTae-pues “g ‘quad ‘IQ ‘szeads ‘dg ‘qsyoT34n0 ‘4H ‘godurTy ‘qT ‘ssuttzey “YY ‘uIOMSN] ‘77] ‘suelo ““[O ‘sjassnul “Jy—"sw01mAalgQV »
» pesn
ye Jo pury
Oa
"S104V MM [PLI0}
“lay, oy} puosog
Jo ozIg
F66T | 00-0 OT
“" VY 6S 0F OT] 38
“YW GS 04 OT 8s
eta, ‘VG 0} OT eae
= fuseonot| ear
+ [wecoror| ue
eae HF 86 07 9[) 9GE
‘ween oT oe
— ‘S86 04 GI 08
ron “YW 8G 94 OT Bos
fesconst
“" 1°9F 8G 04 OE; G8
= ar9g on ot] ost.
‘ON "Oa ‘ON
"SIO4V AMA [BIL0}
“11I9,.J, OY} WIGAN
“BULYSTY 8}VOg
pue sdizy, jo 1aquinyy
90-0 OT
‘aap ‘“sIng
"USL OFM.
12430
10-0 $F
00:0 T
10-0 $9
90:0 6
“aap “SIND
"yoqany,
pure o4eHx9
90-0 ¥LST
1z-0 ¥1eF
40-0 9
eee
LOT-0 9
$80-0 §¢T
10-0 $81
60-0 $08
€T-0 &F
0-0 8T
“aap *szm9Q
*‘sIopunoy,,
pue
‘sqeq ‘salog
11-0 6
820-0 ¥I
080-0 ¢
oe
961-0 9€
€z-0 $99
r-0 $08
v-0 18
JT-0 &&
0€-0 6P
80-0 @
60-0 @
eee eee
‘lanp *SIND
“SUIZIT MA.
29-0 FOSGI | F1-0 ¥Z6z | 61-0 E88
Zé-0 T&
89€-0 61
128-0 9F
649-0 90T
6G-0 él
¢-0 $F9T
49:0 €1@
69:0 €8T
00-T T9T
86-1 c&
26-1 801
T¥-0 2
“Lan “SIND
‘yooppeH
GZ-0 $0 :
028-0 LT je
998-0 $0z
180-0 ST : 3
80-0 02
LO Ae
GL-0 GP
80:0 Lz eB:
90-0 IL - aes
90-0 Z vow vee
IT-0 OL Gé-0 08
8F-0 $§Z 9L-Z GZE
‘laap *szNg |\*4aap “sung
"pop *SULLIOAL
‘S104 AM [COPLAT, OY} UII 4YSn¥o Ys Our] pur JON Jo AqyUeNy
\LOTMLSIG HLT
“‘SLOIULSIQ] NIAVHANOLG AGNV ‘ASOULNO “ATHLAULISNY
‘HLIG] AHL NI S€NNOUN AYOHSNT WOUd SLVOG LON GNV ANI'T JO SUNV], ATHINOW AHL ONIMOHS—'Y) AWIAVL
“
“é
se
SOrnJeg YHON
‘da aNV'T
HUAHA FOVIG
reek 1OF |[24OT,
(ZZ) 00a
(91) “AON
(81) ‘390
(IZ) *3deg
(ZZ) “Sny
(9¢) Ame
(gg) oune
(22) Avg
(%) ‘ady
(1) “2eW
(SI) “49a
(zz) ‘wee
“688T
“SUIqst]
s{eq
jo
JequinNy
Part III,—Lighth Annual Report
138
‘TO
- i ore “oS oR Oe
=| aol [ee | =~ | mo
ee | ne erence cil
‘STACK | 6G |” tetas otaet | TE-0. ERE
‘Pecos ena cos ried | te-riliatesrial "e 0 89
“sex forif = = | = | eo 86
SG Se PT ee ra ae 100.0 L!
m oT spwex | 621 reas ares “OL ca
= | = T ostwex | ogg Tangy
Se eS en eae eer ee ree os ee
oa tt ee =
Se (eee A sak 1s ee (eens Tees
pos vi ‘spaex | z09 gait Meare — anit eae aa
TO
“posn
leq jo pury
*S104B AA [VII04
“Tue, oy} puockog|-ruay, oq} UIqIT A
"aZug! ‘ON "ang! ‘ON
"SIOYLAA [VIIOF
‘Sulysty syeog
yO azig pue sdiiy, Jo zoquinyy
‘aay ‘sIng|*uaay *s9NQ | “aay ‘89ND
"USA OVUM | “F0GINEL =| / pue
1OTO pure o4Bxg
‘s1opunoy,y
‘sqeq ‘selog
00:0 T
-
eee
‘aap ‘39ND
“SUIT
LO-T #98 | F6-0 §IE is pie
8L-L 69€
C6. 0 G&s LG. 7 gge eee ace
08-0 f9rF |G18-0 ehh |
POL-T €¢9 |€99-0 61§ ~ -
|) |
66-T FI | 61-0 LF * ot
II-L 99f | 26-0 &€& es. a
OI-L lL | 61-0 T& i ie
676-0 ISL |881-0 92
TIGL 816 | 2-0 GET ee a
T@T 8SZ& * Aa
00-L 882 | 06-L ZG sae
60:-T O&& | T8-L 8F¢
laaY “SIND | aay ‘sInD | *4aapP “87009
‘spoppey, ‘pop ‘SUIIIOYL
‘S104B MA [RMOFLIOT, 04} UIYYIM FYySNVo YsLY oury pue yon, Jo AzWeNg
*panuyuoo—LOlLsiq HLIGI—'S AIDVL
revok r0j |[e4OJ,
“
ce
“
*10408}IOT
pue oizmayo0H
‘CHaNV'T
QUGHM BOVIG
GZ) ‘99d
(cG) “AON
(9%) “390
(cz) “3deg
(gz) “Sny
(9z) Ame
(gz) eune
(12) Av
(gz) adv
(3) “IRIN
(12) ‘994
(9z) “wee
"6881
‘SuLqshy
sfeq
jo
equim
pue
yyuoyT
139
of the Fishery Board fér Scotland.
‘pesn
qreq JO pury
506
HW [Wen | 96 [sees ote aor
awe [999081 08 [Fea enc) ert
"w e001] oF [90 ote @O
rw oso | re | 86 oe) OF
eT Oo ce
__ Be [a ecet ee ee
‘wes ot | oF [a ee o4cz| oo
"W851 80 | 6s ev cc] 06
WS 89 04 GF) FO | BF 0} 2% 88
“W 8G 94 OG) GOL “93-89 04 GG Co
“B89 OF 0g) LL "45 89 04 23 eae
‘W890 0S} 16 |" 9¢ 04 Go| SIL
‘aay «=| com | ‘amg
"S1O}E MA [VIIOY "S104B MA [BTI0Y
“LUI, oY puokeg| -1119J, oy} UTI
_— ‘BurYsty syeog
jo ozig pue sdi1y, Jo 1oquinyy
60-0 FG vO LV 90-T 800T ie
#00 9 [ao w | | roo s
so 9 [ero or | ro A fb000 1
ee
jan
faa tease See
= = [ane son [ura F
sew ooet| "| sor ta foro 2
sao core | “| 9.0 99 | 9.0 ee
sqwo oust] "| reo 9 [6-0 He
woot | [ere se | reat
sch) i See Tk
60-0 [T “90-0 OL 19-0 €2 a
*sIopuno],q
pue
‘sqeq ‘setog
“USI OFM
£9740
“poqiny,
pure aqvyg “BUTI
79-0 819 | G10 69
IL-0 61
|
O10 GL
960
0
80 98
Te
810
46-0 88
T8e Ft
or
os
96-T LOT
60-0 €
“ooppeH
12-0
&F-0
96-T [06
98-1 LST
40:0 &
60:0 F
LT-0 F
1-0
G60 1G
OF-0 &&
LG-T. 981
“P20
‘SOC M [CMOPAAT, OY} UIA JYSnVo Yst ourT pure Jon Jo Ayquend
"‘panuyjuoo—LOIAIsSIq HLIGI—') WIAViL
uw
T@-T 8&TL
61-6 SG€
90-T Gal
40:0 &€
ILL 06
86-7 88g
‘ON | *waay "SINO | “aap “sD | *Laay “symp | “aay “SIMD | “Laay *szMQ | “soapy “syMQ | *waay “SIND
*‘SULIIOH,
TUGHM AOVIG
IeoXk 1oj |[e4}O7,
ind
(1%) 20d
(ZZ) “AON
(61) “0
(g1) “3dog
(91) ‘Sny
(91) Aine
"a (0g) eung
(0¢) Sei
(61) dy
(03) *2®1
(0@) “494
(FZ) “wee
"68ST
“SUIYSL
skeq
jo
Joq ua NT
&¢
iT4
ce
ce
ce
‘moxoysly
"‘CHaNV'[
;
Part LII.—ighth Annual Report
140
i ALIA oN I a A lal Sa
1o Hw {woman ve [worse ue fro ue [ooo ee [~~ | «| [eer serr| ooo tate
10 HW {950904 2] TIT | GF oF 8z) OF 90-0. 25 COG ery | obit nnieiet| (pe 96-0 ott | ¥%-0 sor
TOW "93.09 04 GF| 69 |" SFFGS) ET | 90-0 C10 @ tee Mian Cee ee ee te Ee
STOW [seoqaairey L —|"38 0G 04 GZ} ¢ oo fe | [ooo @ es ae liege amen
oD Eeewe lepoqeteerioes twosevesiies lic cc por on™ ol haw Bez 1 || oh eae eSB Pare A
a eee maa ee Raa POST Ss ee ee ll SRA a cece, Sal eee?
"I 10 ‘H ‘We |syeoqoSreyq| ef —|"3F 0G 07. GZ] IST |squsozopE6l| FL-0 ST | 8t0 fee | 20-0 8 | 900 FL Po EN Apa Sis a
I ‘HW syvoq 98107] est as 08 04.021 eFT |sqvao-zopegel or-0 9 | €e0 ge tees ba vee nee [ane ae
SOM o's Lk otek Mt ee eel Sq B10 *ZOp 1c ri PE ih vie or ee ee
SS ae ee fe ET, | test NE || OUNE TE 00 Lf OS fase Oe ame Oe ae
10 Hw Preonetong| ert _[ssoe ere] oot | oe.0 He favo wpost| too et | soo mM [zoo gor joo a | ~~
10 HW freoaodwen| avx_ [oe ove} ove | ox sae | ze0 Fer | oro We | ero ov | srr 19 | sxe exer | oL0 fae
100 HW syeoq eae] 78 |'3F 08 04.93) OLE “ILL. OFF 70 26 80-0 F1¢ 60-0 98 16-0 898 | 99% I9LT | 81-0 | $926
10‘0-HW sywoqasmey]| Zp |S 08 0 GZ STII “¢L-0 L9T IL-0 92 | 00-0 ¥€ 400-0 & | 600-0 IL | LI-L 808T | GL-T 9921
"Izu ‘ON "aZuy’ ‘ON |'uaap "sIND | “aap “s7IMQ | *HaAp “s7aQ | “Maa “szMQ | “Maapy “szaQ | “LaaP *S}2MD |\“aap *suUDLO
‘S1O9V AA [VIOPL | S109! A TCMOPT | “UST MTA | “FoqIN, peter, ‘SunmM | ‘yooppey “pop ‘Sue
‘pesn “IO, 04} puokog | -T9F, oy} UIYAL | = OMI | PUB MAY | aed ‘sayog = :
H8_ JO Pury
“SUIYSTY 8yvog
jo oz1g pure sdizy, Jo soquinyy
‘S1OYVM [CLMOPLOT, OY} UINITA FYI YS our] pure yon Jo AqGQueNy
"ponUtuoI—LOIALSIQ. HLIGT—") FIAVL
. Ivok OF |TVIOT,
‘ce
“
73
6c
“
“ce
13
“
* UAAVTAAONT
‘AHaNWT
HUAHM HOVIG
(92) 2°
(€3) ‘AON
(8) "390
(g) *ydeg
(0Z) ‘sny
(9z) 4tne
(pz) oung
(12) Ae
(#3) Udy
($3) ‘781
($2) “99d
(22) "wee
“6881
“SUTYST
_skeq
jo
aquinyy
puv
qquoW
141
TW
TW on
TW ea
ae per
S TW Pat th
3 alien 5 aaa
a "I ‘W
S a —
Ss 7 aid
pi "TW |'93 99 93 8h F
8 ik Or a: om AB
2 = Te wae ‘
& T ‘IW eee
3s "I 'W
~
Se, NY ON
ee
"194 AA [RIIOFII
‘pasn -Iay, 943 puokeg
weg Jo pury
“FW FG OF GT
“43 GS OF CT
“4 GG °F FT
‘93 ST °F FL] TE
‘4 8L °F FL! LP
“43 FZ 04 CT! LIT
‘43 GS OF GT
89T
GIg
‘43 GZ 94 CT
¥GG
“FF GG OF GT
“43 GG 0F CT
43 GZ 03 GT! 812
‘amu =| “ON
*S10}@ AA [RIIO}
“L119, OY} UII AA
“SuIYsIy 8}20q
Jo azig pur sdizy, jo tequinyy
28-0 F9F9
0.0 7
66-0 Te
91-0 Foe
$50 8h
100,
80-0
0
6F-0-
101
10-0 ¢
90:0 &2I
FF-0 F188
&6-0 9%
OL0 16
GL-0 1G
60:0 0&
60-0 GZ
eee
T-0 Tg
G69 =P
02:0 8&
Zz-0 08
7¢-0 ZT
68:0 GP
160 96 |
08.0 STE
$h0
2001
180 18
64-0 8PFI
sro tole
20 69
Hoe
61-0 9&
0 ot
a0 fo
oot
600 ot
cI-0 5 Veep
Ho
CE
6.0. §
80-0 $29
$0-0 $F
10:0 F
61:0 7S
‘Waap “syn | ‘aay *s7nQ | *waay ‘SIN | waaPp ‘SIND | *LaapP *s2Q | “saAp “SIND |\*Maap “SUDO
USta OFM
12430
‘oqmny,
pure oqvx9
‘s1opunoL,q
pue
‘sqeq ‘selog
“Burg MA
‘yooppeH
“P80
*SULIIOAL
‘STOP! M [VILOFLIIAT, OY} UIGIIA FYSN¥o YSTy oUrT pue yeN Jo AzGQUENH
‘LOLYLSIC YAHLOUSLINV—'S ATAVh
i
: reo OF |[e4OJ,
“
és
ce
cc
“
«“
“
“
‘oS1e']
(13) ‘29a
(€Z) “AON
(g3) “90
(cZ) ‘dag
(73) ‘3ny
(42) 4me
(gz) ounce
(22) 4eW
(23) ‘adv
(¢Z) “Te
(€%) “494
(Fz) “Uee
“68ST
Part ITI—Eighth Annual Report
142
‘ay ‘ON
"S10YV AA [VIIOYLI
*pesn
peg fo pury
€CII | €0-0 £8¢ ~
"WS &Z% 94 OT) 88
‘93 $% 04 OT| FOL
"W &S 01 OT) F8
“W SL 94 ST! 36
[| | | | SS
"WS OT 9} ST
“WS ST °F OT
‘W 8ST 4 ST
‘¥5 OT 94 ST
“W SG 94 OT
‘WEB 9 OT) SOT
“W SS 07 ST} ZOL
16
"WZ 04 OT) SL
aay
“ON
*S104@ AA [CII0}
“SUTYSIY Syvog
jo ozig pue sdity, Jo 1aquinyny
“day, ayy puodeg | -1119], 04} UIQ M
€0:0 > '
02-0 #06 | “4
ee a er
Uap “SIND |"“aaP “SIMO
"USA OFM} = “Joquny,
1240 pue o}e71g
01-0
08:0. #8
89-0
96-0 "1
G0-0 ¥¢
—-—
eee
a
80:0 $8
OL
OL
“aay “syn
*sIapunoyy
pue
‘sqeq ‘sao
aio
G0 ter 86-0 08
81-0 $41 88-0 ee
0 TE 4b Ogg 8
0st | 620 08
OF-0 nae 09-0 &g
8-0 £6 G0 teh
00 0008
B60 06 | 920 F69_
ee “| -#L0 208
a cee
delkOun Pe
“LIUP “SIMO | ‘Haap “sINO
‘SUI =| “oppry
ZL-0 ZL | 21-0 FL6T | 9F-0 FoR | 08-0 $2FE |. 10-0
ce-0 %1¢ | 0F-0 oe | £00 ¥e
61
or
os
960 tg: [PE
92-0 #2 Saekaes:
50 aati wig nies + |
Or Parte s
0 moe iy
ipo oe |
ILO fI teen
00 OL i
980 Be marr
09-0 Ho | sb
86-0 f0F | 92-0 Fer
“leap “SIND |\*Laap ‘sUDLO
PD “‘SULMO FT
‘SIOJUM [CHOP], OY} ULGJIM FUBnwo Ys our] puv yon Jo AqyULNy
*PanunyuUuoo—LIXLSIG JAHLAALSNY—'Y FZIACVL
* . — reak roy |TeqO,
ra | (s@) eq
. | (9%) *aont
re (gz) “390
- |G) “ydeg
id (9z) ‘sny
a (12) 4me
- (gz) oung
& (9z) Aeqy
: (gz) “adv
ti (92) “281
cc * 3
— ($2) “q°a
“s[req puv ory | (gz) ‘uve
“688T
| ‘Surysig
sfeq
‘dqaaNv'T jo
HUaHAM AOVIG | Joquinyy
pues
qyuoW
a ‘© _————
143
9888 | 70-0 62L | 10-0 68 62:0 SPIT | 96-1 #1009 | 1-6 6Fe8| S¢-0 881%} ° qvoX 1OF |[e4OJ,
‘asIvry] | STE . 7
‘idg ‘10 ‘H ‘W ih oe EBA TeGG | vn ten athe tin tt scsse eel eles cite tomaedl Mile Dog GU wins t SOttL | er Oe 4) (9z) ‘20q
aSIV'T | $6
"1d9'9 ‘10H KK eee eee "SIMBA G0Z eee ove vee oes coe eee SL-0 ks e).0 61Z CF.G vad eco eee € (cz) ‘AON
‘anIe'yT | Q :
"I9 9 a fe) ‘WW aoe san "STMB A 6FZ eee eee ees eee eee eee GZ:0 G9 10-1 £017 1G:0 SFL eee ese , wd (€Z) "190
a3 “W eee eee "4 QB 04 IZ PPL eee eee eee eee eas eee 88.0 9¢ WT PSL eF-0 e9 ae eee “ (#2) “dog
8 TFL Ok Be LE SR TO Ebi MS ee SE pte nee “1 66.0 G6 | GEL 8&3 | 69-0 S2L | 200 ¢ = (1Z) ‘sny
cS ‘SH W |'4 2997F] 8g {33 83 94 TZ] TST oe nr 19000 LOT /2@-T 802 | 79:0 88 eee a (1z) 4oe
S ‘S ‘IH ‘W [89 98h] IG |'38Z91Gz] 006 | Ses pee Sena: BOT | F008 S| Gale Zilina od (ez) oun
ee NT eee ee oe | ee) ny. beat | ovdea Mew Lif ore Mc Semi cote, | eet “aed ‘c k
~S 'S ‘10. ‘H |'3 89 94 8h| ZS [IF 8G 04 GG} 19% 68-0 SOL | SFI 188 |.0¢-0 Z&I (2z) AeW
| S| | eg | | _— — |- | | | |
FS ‘IO ‘"H ‘W |'3 8994 ZG} $9 |'9F 8G 94 SZ} OFS nh tt | $8.0 GIL |.49-3.. 668. | 67-0. 691 “3 (2) “dv
= ‘osley | JPL S :
S IO ‘“H ‘W |" 84 91 8% 6g "s[MeX | ZOE | 68-0 6LL | 80-0 6& “| G0 68L | OF 6ZEL | 66 L186 | 99-0 662 (¢%) “Ze
"% ‘as1e] | $6Z
Ry “10. H.|-0.86 02. Ca) 2g Ne A LY a ORS, Seca +7) ema 9 ba YF dS Bi RR dee = ($3) “99,7
s ‘esre'T | OTS eS ae Pade
eee eee . ose eee eee ese eee eee . ¢. .
—e ‘H s[MeX | FOL 110 @8 | 29-0 166 | G¢-G 66IL | G21 TL eouvuoyy 19 | (9z) “wer
S EAS ‘ON ‘Ozu ‘ON | ‘aap “SIND | “aay *SIND | “aap *S9NO | “aap ‘83ND | ‘waap "SIMO | “waAy “szMgO |\4aap “suDLO “6881
: ; . ‘ ‘szepunoy,q | ; *SUIYst
SLOYAA [CMOFII | “sLOJeM [VOY | “UST OMTM | “Foqrny, ‘3 : : 5 sare sk
‘pasn Io], OY} puokog | -119y, oy} UIA} —-10NO pure oyv¥9 ait Seta | Ory MA *POPPSH ee ULLe FT asta oe
Weg JO.pUy je QUGHM AOVIG | Jequinyy
BUIystA SyeOd ‘SI9}CA\ [PHOPWLIAL, OY} UGTA FYSNv Ystg OUP] pue yn joAueNh Bl si
jo ozig pure sdiiy, Jo 1oqunyy
“pInwyuUoo—LOIALSI UHLAYISNY—') ATAVL
Part I1I—kighth Annual Report
144
Salt
‘VI 'W | F90V8F] 64 | “9G | OL
‘dg “91 “W agp 4 ‘9G | SOL
awl | | wee |e *
TE cm a fee ony 86
b=" Ber] SE] “9 M_ | SIT
oo ae ee uep | al _ "9 __| GOT
| sem) | | ve [er
PE ee
fea a Sac et ‘96 | LET
yt'wlwsroe ot | wes | got
5 Sis -ezery 96
‘HW "a An "s[MUX | CTT
a Se eve oes ==
ag A ee aaa, (84
‘aug | ON | “azIgY | “OWT
*S104V AA [BILOPII "S104 AA [BTI0Y
-pesn “19 J, OY} puokog | -La7, oY} UNIT
peg jo pury
“‘BUlystg syeog
JO azIg pue sdisy, Jo oquinyy
00:0 @
GI-0 212 | 86-0 8I9T
02:0 & Go-T él
* eee eee eee
eee
eee eee eae eee eee
“waap ‘7g | *waap ‘sImgQ
"yoqany,
pur oyeyxg
"Many “SIN
2 *‘sdopunoy
pue
‘sqeq ‘selog
"USM OTL,
1930
“" 1ST-0 9%
LTO T&
96:0 62
¥G-0 8Z
tLO Té
GLO &
“Laapy *sINO
“SUIPIT MA
46-0
46-0
vg
6-0 F9T
‘oopprH
aap *szng
r€-0 16g
18-0 ZéI
60-0 §
¥&-% TLE
FIL 166 | IL-0
FE-0 09
‘waapy *szng
“poo
98-0 9
G0-3 &&P
SLL +02
‘aap ‘suDLg
*BULLIO FT
"S1OJVM [VMOPLT, oY} UIYIIM FyBnvo Ysty our] pur yon Jo AqyuUNy
"‘panuyjuoo—LOIULSI(] UAHLAULSNY—'s) ATAVL
F qvok 10y [210],
“
i. 9
“
ee
(SI) ‘00q
(61) “Aon
(81) ‘0
(ZZ) “ydeg
(}3) ‘Suy
(2) Aue
(61) eune
(zz) Av
(81) ady
(1%) “Ie
(IZ) “Q9a
* “mreeaue}sig | (eZ) ‘ue
‘CAaNV'T
TUAHM AOVIG
‘688T
“Buryqsiy
seq
145
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
ene
0682 | 20-0 GALT
“IK
‘YI OW
"W
‘OBIV'T | Z6Z
RSET En dbl
_ HOF | 2 __|4F 82 01 82] 0g
“wor [> fweccred of |
~
‘pesn
peg jo pury
“WS 0F OE; 6 |'3F 0G 04 GZ] F6
‘5.9999 0F| 18 |"4F 8G 04 FZ] FT
‘3.8 94.94] IIT Si vw!
‘I 8G 04 OF] 99z — oe
‘8G 04 SF) OTT |"95 8G 04 FZ) L
‘8G 04.98} 199 |'9F 8B 04 F3| FL
‘asIe'T | 861
‘8G 0498) O88 | ‘SpMeA | JG
‘aBIVT | SGT
WJ 8G 04 9F| gG ‘STMUA | GP
‘az ‘ON ‘Oeuy |. ON
"S1OJVAA [VLIOJII | ‘s1oy¥AA TCIIO}
“I9T, oY} puosog |-1110], 04} UIYITM
‘SUIYSIT syeog
JO 921g pue sdizy, Jo sequin
vL-0 8F
80-0 Fel
"lane “sIN)
"USL OTM
TOYO
00-0 AT
G0-0 ZT ~*~
eoe eee
"laap ‘sing | ‘waap “S709
“"joqn],
pure oyeyxg
*s1opunop,y
pue
‘sqeq ‘selog
00:0 &@
80-0 #I
60:0 &éF
81-0 $F
10-0 #1
92:0 #&
mie
70-0. -&
Z00-0 F
Uaap “SIND
“SUTFIT A
SO Na aR
OY Sea ee
¥L0 Hs 820 for nae ee
or fe [oo |=
SGT 808, || 00:0 By | ik sunsets
O10 f0T | 10-0 #1 96-¢ ee
OLT ¥9T | 9-0 8 FLL OL
¢¢ ce ce
AM [RLMOPI104] Ul Surysy | ON
ToL #8 7/67. TEE) a ee
OG MES EGO FELT Ay ET
91-0 EFFI | 2OL 818 | FLb SPE
20:0 8 | ZL GILT] SF ISP
“Maa “SIND | ‘aap “SIND | “aap *suUDLO
"pooppeH "pop “SULLIOH
‘STOJC MA [MOTI OY} ULI FySnv YsIy our] pue Jon Jo Apquend
saemEemmeemirncenmnan cme ee Le RS eee ee eee ree ee re ee eS aa ee Oe eee een See ee ee a a a a ee eee
*‘panuyuoo— LOLULSIG WHALAYLSNY—'DS AITAVL
' reak IOj | [e}O],
(IZ) 90d |S
(9T) ‘Ao
(91) ‘390
(FI) ‘3dag
(61) “Suy
(1) Ame
‘ eune
“a
Ave
: (Z) ‘dy
(ZZ) ‘Ae
(ZZ) “49a
* Geyyrsuy | (6) ‘wee
“688T
ee ease ee
“Sulyshy
sheqg
jo
JoquUInNNy
pue
qo]
‘daaNvT
aUGHM BOVIgG
Part ITI,.—EKighth Annual Report
146
‘0 “YI 'W |" FE 94 82) =
‘O ‘¥Y1 “HW |" OF 97 82): 6
‘OV “HW [4 0F 082
’ et ‘9 “VT Ww : eee
twee 2c _
T'S ITN i
ID ‘YI ‘W
"TW _ 7
YI ‘HW
471 ‘HW sen ee
‘OH CW sms ”
"Ra ‘ON
*SI9JV AA [VIIOJII
1d, 04} puokog
‘posn
peg jo pury
‘9°90. “WW site ms
‘SULYSIY Syvog
jo ezig puv sda, Jo s1oquinyy
01-0 §L4%
ZE-0 62
CG
06-0
“W 86 94 GT) «88
‘8G 94 GT) «~60T
‘WOE 9F GT) 6IT
Lndochon He al
9986091} FST | LTO mig fees. eee
"9386.04 GT 89T | ST-0 toe | as
foo fof
“IF 8G 04ST) GOT
‘W 8S °F LT) FSP
‘WF 8G 94 LT) = L8¥
“WO °F ST) 80%
“WTP °F 8G} «681
"Oa “ON
*S10JC AA [BII0} “‘yoqiny,
“LOT, OU} UTYILA | OFM 10yIO] puUL eyeyxg
aay “SINQ | ‘Maay ‘s7NgQ | “aay ‘SIND
‘sdapunoy,g
pue
‘sqeq ‘seo
50-0 FOL | 9-0 06ZT| 24-0 9T8T| 80-0 eT | *
ria ie | o¢ [cot 86 eae
seo ey | seo e |
“| ano feo | 920 nee ras oe
910 f6L | 6&0 fF | 68-0 8h | 800 F
L1-0 We | 6o0 79 98-0 fo9 | 6r0 98
too Yay [oo fee | woe |
"=| 80 98 | 98-0 feo | 800
"S| 6L0 $8 | OO LAT
= oro for 1 890966
soo fo | teaser] one ow |
am o¢t 9% | 991 960 | 69.0 Fer.
as ‘on0 For | cet fee | aco | -
“ManY "SIND | “aA “SIND | ‘waApy ‘seNgQ | “LaaPp ‘sUDLO
‘SupYM | “ooppey “poy ‘SULLIO
‘SUI[MBLT, ULOI, PopoLIysor VoTY OY} UIYIIM 4YSnvo YS oury pute yon Jo AqryUenh
*“Panurjuog— LOTALSI(T UAHLAWISNY—"y) CMEAAR
Ieok IOF |feyoy,
ce
“ec
ee
ec
“ec
ce
e
“«c
“ce
‘ToyyAysuy | (g3)
‘CaaNV'T
QUIHM AOVIG
(0Z) *o0q |
(IZ) ‘AON
(ZZ) 0
(ZZ) ‘ydeg
(cg) ‘sny
(92) Ata
(ZZ) oun
(#3) Ae
(2)
(21)
(21)
dy
“IV
‘qa
‘uve
“6881
‘Sulysh
sAvq
jo
oq Un NY
147
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
W
"T “W
SS
"eS "IW
‘pesn
ye Jo pury
"kh Vi
33
TH
1H
TW
TW
“W Gh 0F OE} 092
‘WGP 0F OE
1&G
“VW PP 9198) = LG
‘Y GP 9 96) = ZIT
Races Bc
ech eal we
“9G 04 0€| 681
“BG 0&| 6F%
ra ik 4
“WGP 91 08) «=FFT
‘azug ON
‘SIOYE MA [BIIOY
-ll1aJ, ay} puosog
“WGP 0F 98) GOT
“W VG 04 9€) «STI
ESh1
“0 99 GG} «62
“WOE 94 0G) FL
‘IF OF 9F OZ! =T6
“WOE 9F OT} TILT
“WOE 94 0G] SFT
3.06 0408] rt
08 °% 06] 1a
"8 06 9408p
"808 9 0@| 18
‘wor otst| yer
“W OP 04 GT ~ g9z.
"aZUg "ONT
"S10YV AA [BII0Y
“T119], OU} UTIL
“‘SUIYSTT S1eOT
Jo ozIg puv sdiay, Jo zoquinyy
es
“YW OE 94 0G} ~=9ET
L0av "SIND
"UShT OHTA
LTO
‘Lane "SIND
‘JoqIN,
pure oyeyxg
L¥-T 981Z
a
10-0 9
68:0 64
————___. _____
T0-T 6
G6-0 96T
a
66-0 OLT
ea ee
a aes
OO
Rise os
et
16-6 682
‘waap “SIND
‘sIopunoyy
pue
‘sqeq ‘setog
“Maa “sing
“SUTITLM
18-0 GFZ 80-0 ) Sel
G66 = QLT
9¢-T 9IT
T-0 8§
——E
99:0 16
96-0 OF
68-1 G1Z
91-6 g0e
GIG 961
10:0 ¢
‘aay *sINg
“20PPPH.
0-0 F
-$-0 96
“Laap “SIMO
*P9D
"Laay SIMO
‘SULLIOFL
"S1OJC MA [VMOPIIAT, OT} UIT JYSnVo Ysty our] pus yon Jo AZWUeNy
(EDD | «Wn Pitesti SES dE a | SO et PRO ae ewe RNP IO eR
‘penuzju0oI—LOIYLSIG AWHLAYLSNY—') WIAVL
reak LoF |[eyOI,
“oe
73
ce
‘sMOIPUY 39
aaaNnv'T
AUAHM AOVIG
(81) ‘00q
(ZZ) “AON
(91) “PO
(gz) “yds
(ZZ) “sny
(9¢) Ajor
(gg) oung
(0¢) Ae
(01) dy
(61) “Ze
(81) ‘49a
(gz) ‘uer
"688T
Part IIT-—LHighth Annual Report
148
*posn
Pv JO pury
‘F901 0€ =80¢
&G
"GG 07 0E) LET
‘WEG 0F 2G) SCT
‘' 0E 9} 82) 8G
88F
‘WES OF ST) IZ
“IW 0% IT
‘W 06: 9F 8T| ~FT
‘43. 8G 9481} 26
"98 0€ 07 ST] LF
‘W 8E FOE} 9G [°4F0Z °F 8ST}
"W CG 94 0) =FcG
‘W GG 07 08) +06
SENSE, GBI
"45.69 04.82, IT.
i lala! Wa
B99 0108] SFT
‘ony | “ONT
*S10J@M, [RI10}
“Lay, oY} puofog
‘WS 8% 0F ST} 6E
"W8E FST} BL
‘WS OF OF ST} 88
‘W OF 9F ST} 6
‘YW GF 01 8%) OF
"WS 6F 94 8E) ST
"ORY ‘ON
"S19JV AA [BIL0Y
“WLL9,T, OU} TIFT AA
‘Surystq syvog
jo ozig pur sdity, Jo aqmny
€6-0 91
0¢-0 OL
Z&-0 $F
46-0 OL
700 fe
180 Het
08-0 Gr
Le
96-0 ESS
Oo
OF-0 9
‘Waay “spay) | “aay ‘sqayg | *waay *s7aQ | ‘aay *sIMQ | *saay *s}NQ | “woay “sz
"USA OAL
1030
"yoqauy,
pur ayeyg
1Z-Z O80 | 90-0 Fee
OF-0 §8
88-1 Fz¢
0¢-1 ¥19 , |¢00-0 ¥F
7-L 8
CGI 6P
18-0 £89
Z8-L ¥oa | €0-0 ¢
GPO 6
9F-0 FF2%
10-0 ¢
€0-0 FI
1-0 21
ZL-8 $128 | 90-0 Ge |
62-€ &0E
€L-E SGT
T&L #61
*sdapunoy,]
pue
‘squq ‘seo
10-0 §
€z-0 $¢
“SUIT.
146-0 F-
OL-L $42
“poppy
GF-0 02
“pop
‘laap “s7NO
“BULLI F]
‘LOIULSIG( ASOULNON—'D AIAVL
‘S1OJV MA [CILOPLLAT, OY} UIGJIM FYSNv Ys oury pur yan Jo ApFUvNy
ee
“
“
“
“«
‘fara, AYYSnoig
*CHaNV'T
FUGHM AOVIG
Iwok LO} 1840],
(1) 20q
(I) ‘AON
(1) “30
(g1) ‘3dag
(61) ‘Suy
(11) Aue
(91) oung
(61) Avy
(6D dy
(FL) “Ie
(1) “404
(g) "wee
‘688
Jaquan yy
pur
sy}uoyy
149
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
‘posn
seq Jo pulry
4g 0G 93 0
"won ot o8|_ et
aw 0G 04 08) G68
WO O08 18
3 09 0 06|_cd
“OZ ‘ON
‘s1010 A yer104
lla, oY} puosog
&19
PIG |43 OF OF ST} OF
‘VW 06 0F ST) =8E
WOE 9F ST) 2
‘WOE 9F ST) eG
“FF 0 09 ST) OF
‘WOE 9F ST) 09
‘WOE OF ST} G8
"WF 0€ 07 ST; 89
‘45 08 01 SI] FF
4308 04 gt] eF
5.08 0481] 09
jas Bee eal
azyg | “OAT
"S19}C AA TRIIOY
“Wey, oy} UIQ M
“SULYST.Y SyVog
JO 9z19 pue sdity, Jo zaqiunyy
IF-0 9
a
09-0
SLL
66-0 FI
68: &G
1ZT 82
“laa "SIMD
“UST OFT MA
1330
00-0 §&
10-0 §&
00:0 T
"laAp *SINQ | ‘Wanz ‘sIND,
“poqiny,
pure oyeyC
*sIopunoyq
pue
‘sqeqy ‘setog
10:0 6
¥G-0 EE
70:0 T
LEO. 8
eee eee
Go-0 OT
9%-0 OL
L&-1 ¥8b8
GO-IL TPP
01-0 ¥8LT
I¥-0 $9T
¥8-0 GE
| — ——_ — —
G6:0 02
19-0 9&
Go-G IG
‘Loupe “sg
“SUTYITM.
68-9 GE
cG6-0 OL
‘laup "SIND
“poppe
‘PINUYUOO—LOIALSI] ASOULNOW—") WIAVL
6G-0 IT
LE-0 0é
——
0¢-6 OT
16.0 9h
$60
we
9-0 He
069 68
OF-T 06
LaaY "SIND
“P90
"SIOJVM [CIIOPIIT, OY} UITJIM FYSNV YSIq IOUT pus Jon jo AqryUeNy
€8-E &@
fe 2
"LAUY *SUDLO
‘SUTLLOFL
“s
“
“
“
“
“
“
“YyVorqry
*CaaNV'T
AUGHM OVI
Ivak OF |[24OJ,
(1Z) ‘oeq,
(6T) “AON
(ZT) ‘0
(Zz) “3dag
(cq) ‘Sny
(12) Ame
(IZ) eune
(0z) AvIw
(FT) ‘ady
(GT) “2eqy
(#1) “G9
(cT) “wer
“6881
‘SULySLT
shkeq
jo
Jaq un Ny
pue
qyaOTL
Part LI1.—Kighth Annual Report
150
Pers onset Sn LAI ek CP
W |-4F 8 04 ST eFL |0G°rST) 0 | 9%0 8 :
wscoet set | wet L :
“9 8G 04 ST aa BCU ry.” oon "55 ho
ey eet Pp ree ae a
weemer uw [| wele |
ap gr! 00% Ee fia | woe |
‘ysoovst qt | | HST | figdt Ors,
nce ay or
esconst 66 | ST 6s 760 OL
weeorst oo | were | s60 1
wecost ee | wet m | see 2
Vitel ta: oe 38tl6 | 1b 9
ng «| on | omg | “Onr | swan “sxmQ
“sI0}B AA [RI0} "S1OYVAA TIO} | ‘4st ony | “‘goqang,
We], ay} puocseg]| “LET oy UyIM) JNO | pur oyeyg
‘posn
peg jo pursy
‘SULYSI SVOg
jo ozig pure sdiaty, Jo equim yy
‘S10}V MA [BMOPLLAT, OY} UIQ 4YSNV YS oUryT pur yon Jo ApQULNy
€I-L P&Z
60:0 EZ
‘sIOPUNOT,T
pure
‘sqvq ‘salto
80 6¢ | 6rT 20g | 26-0 2s
9-0 6r | 09T oF | 9-0 br
vee ot [oor ce |
0 23 ORT AL ||880 Bo}
me 99-0
[00% et | 001 9
0 T |00z 9 | ee0 1
BtoB | Ate % | #0 9
nega | 9% Le | OOT ST
ee
~ Wego ey ieee =
a ee
‘SuryyM =| “oppeH
“PenUYUOI—LOIALSI] AOULNOW—"D ATAVAL
‘Muy "syn |*saap ‘synQ| “aay ‘SIMO | ‘saay “sINO | ‘saapy “SIND
‘P90
nl ee
“‘BULLIOF]
“
“
<
‘oTypUAyON
‘CHANV'T
GYaHM TOVTId
wok «oy [eqOL
(9) 00q
(F) “Aon
(Z) 0
(1) “ylog
(1) ‘Sny
(T) Ane
(z) ounr
(g) £eqq
(g) dy
(6) “Ie
(1) “4a
(I) “uve
‘6881
“SUIYSTT
skeq
jo
Tequin Ny
pues
yuo]
19 EP yp nt ea en en ee
rs
SORT | 96-0, FeO [ORO "P| 0-0 reat) Ter Oe ee
ee EE a el) 16 4 Ov.OF Bl BIL Oba 60-0 If | 19:0 69 |/8G1 ST | o%T OFT ‘ ' (61) 9a
= Be canes a a) IE ce amen sto 1s | or. 69 | 2et gos |10 aor] ~ |- a (0) ‘Aon
Ss ES heb RL AR eS Ce 200.0 § cro we [oso w | e900 te | 0 ¥ i (91) “PO
S Fk __W | 899% BT) GIF [47 08 94 81) 96 82-0 $16 66-0 86 | 99-0 $29 06-0 f93 1E-0 98 poe (61) “3dag
S | __Afusersyon | verso [eso 1 loo # [reo aro for [coo too [oro w | |> “| Gon aay
RS eiiate ld Pe cB Uo 40:0 #9 | G20 79 | 16-0 $42 | 840 29 3 $ (02) 4mme
> [x [uncelo fveonle [wots | [roo + [orate [iow [wom | = | * | vem
= Nee a sl or [worm st | oe te fon0.0.F | to Fe | ato. tar | oo toe fon pe i ie
a Se | OS BT es | BRO 01-0 % — fouo-0 #1 Bot ge jatt we | of: ‘ (9) ‘dy
S | WPS oN eT LcF [43 ¥9 09 81] 6F 07-0 TE 90-0 # | 31-0 % | 4LT OFL |. TOL = . 3 (1) eW
S| __mfure vod sua [arseon er] aoe [seo 13 wooo # [roo 9 [eer _soor| oro wr | Daeg | (0
Ss "IH ‘W |S 9G 94 08) LIZ 95 Gh 04 81} SGT | 0G.0 F08 10:0. & 90-0 OL 17-1. 882 | 88.0 SL * pue asoijuoy, | (gT) ‘ue
> pe “ON “ORIG ON | “aaY “SIND | “aay °sIND | “aay “SIND | “waap “sIMD | *weaPy “SIND | *“arHK “sym | “aay sunsO “6S8T
Be ee rele i TS | PU eg] mmm | Tere | wo | MOY eae |
Weg JO Pury GUaGHM FOVIg | soquiny
Jo oz1g en rae ‘STOIV MA [CHOPIIOT, 04} UII JySnvo sty oupyy puv yon, Jo Aqyuend eno
a ee ee ee a ee
‘panuyjuoo—LOIdLsIg ASOMLNOW—") WITVL ees:
Part LI1—Lkighth Annual Report
152
‘posn
peg jo pury
ee ee, SSS .S.Sa._._qqQQeeeEeE
‘SUTYST.YT Syeog
jo azig puv sdiay, Jo soquinyy
80ST | 68-0 609 | 00-0 fF | 00-0 6
984 zc] Fez /os%st] cet} 890 06 | “~~ | 100 z
Ge ze gle |W eGFT| 69 | 180 9% cent wt
‘wesorzz) ut |wecost| e |teo e | | ¥00 ¢
araeorcel sor wee ml ¥ | ieo oe | |
pus ome [abenonet) at bene es e [eey
ESF 2G, Fo [WSF cet] F009 ie “
3 0g 09 ze] gt |3F2600FT| got | 21-0 61 ee ee
aororce] os [wacorst| 1s |oeo oo | |
ee or ze| est [wzcoer| 26 | oso 2s | | r00 7
wuseoree) cee [uscerst| wt] oro 09 | eo & |
43.9801 G¢) 61G |" F881] ZLT| 18-0 OST is a
amg | oy | ‘ms
‘soya Tero} | ‘sxe year | -ysMT orm] yoqmy | “SRO
{UOT, oY} pUosog] AT, oyF MYM) YI. | PUL OPA | ecauty “orog
87-0 629
Ts
1g
ee
G8-T §F6
40-T LL
eee
eee
0:0 &
10:0 &
'
“SUNITA
EL-I 6926 | L6G 4962 | 12-0 082
€0-T 9&T
67-0 FE
08-0 69
€l:0 69
81-0 FI
60:0 GI
Es
OF-0 6F
740 18
$8.0
C0
8eT
18-0
F0G
TOST
"yoopptHy
LL-& 86) | 20-0 §&
OFT 26
€&1-0 OT
eee
$00 9
Bro
86-7
98-8
7g-L
66:0 FF
L6ZI | GET €&%
‘ON | *waap "SIND | *waay "SIMO | “aA "IMD | \saayr “SIMO | \4aaW *sIMH | “aap "SIMO | weap ‘suDIO
‘pop “SULLIO FT
‘SIOPE AA [PLLOPLIIET, OY} UTGHA FySnv Ysty ourT pur yon Jo ApTJULNy
*penurjuoo—LOIGLSIG ASOULNOW(—’D) WIAVL
' Ieok IOF |[eyJO,
. ¢
* ‘qeaBysuror
.
‘daaNv']
QUGHM AOVIG
(Iz) 29d
(ST) “AON
(#1) 0
(0z) *3deg
(0Z) ‘Suy
(Fz) Aime
(gg) oune
(gT) Aeqy
(gq) udy
(0Z) “Ie
(12) “494
(Iz) ‘uve
“688
“Sulysty
seq
jo
Iequin Ny
_ pus
qquoN
iS
=
9009 | 4&0 Fr9zz | 00-0 FoF | ¥0-0 696 | 68-0 e86c | 99-T F4000T| ST-T €tZ4 | 20.0 Fost | * ee
vim |useonce se [arse once! sor | to oat |eoo er | ero y9_|oeo em [ext sw |toe ome} -* |* “| (i
__a1 Hw | se.o1se|_vort|ar ec. oe| oxo | veo fore | | 900 for oro err | vet orot| ost tos | |" “| aa) aon
ng |___21 W [araeence| oot farce on oe] aoe [tro eee | "| coo st [oro ose joer am |eo wt | ~ J* | 0
SW fv on ioe] soe woe 0 on] vd | FO" ce) NO oe OO ore | Ot OO ee
8 al ers di Ga RLU A802 EU et | a ¥0-0.,.81 | 160. Gr8_| 60-0 CBT. | SU-0 08 | ermeeelil > (61) “Suy
5 | vew| = | = farerovarl soe[ieo ve [= [ooo % [orn ‘son | ano vee [ono om | js "| eine
_ FLW |B BP ON 9 oo SE BLOF OT) 969. | O80 96T | | OO re ee Se ae sacliis
S NW ‘5.89 019%“ |4FSLOFOT) LEG | 8.0 FL8T ot 10-0 2 | 90-0 #86 | SLT 989 | 640 Ler | ; sh (gZ) Av IT
> |___*1w[weresog one [watever tue | coo foot | ~ | 600 fe | 900 fee art we |ieo me | | * | a aay
S [| wfwscorer sce fuscorsy er feoo ee | | lero w |oos cer |sor ow | f° | OD en
s Ose "98 0496) STF | 960481) STS Ee al Mee oa) Fk 10-0 Ot | Fer o8Iz| GFT 69L | 70-0 oe | ° Ss (02) “a°a
3 HW [9804 92) ge |" 92018t} o2F | 9¢-0 Fez [200.0 % [too ¢ To.0 8 | 161 ¥c98 Tee 06rT | 92-0. {00 | * ‘uopmmoy | (LT) “wer
~ Izy ‘ON "Ozu! ‘ONT | *uaapy ‘S79 | vaapy ‘sINQ| saay ‘sing |*WaaP “SIMD | “aay *s7MQ | ‘Leap “sjag | ‘waay ‘suDLO 6881
, ; . : *s1epuno : *‘SUIYST
vce RITA El cma man, Fomgye/ geen. | Eee | suas | seorren | roo | tow | oe | med
qe Jo puryy’ GUGHM AOVIG | Joquny
pies Seca ‘SIOYCM [VMOPAOT, oY} UNM FySnvo ysty our] pue yon Jo AqUENd asin
“Jo azig pure sdrzy, Jo aquinyy
a a
“panUUuoI—LOIYLSI] ASOULNOW—') WIAVL
Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
154
‘AT ‘YI “HW |" OF 97 ST} 96
“AT 4¥I WN ‘Y OP 07 8T S16
"W 19 94 OF “geo
B80 © 0F/ a0
“89 0} OF “193
“P19 07 OT 695
B19 04 91 $80
‘YW OF °F OT} 009
‘W Th °F 81] T6F
“eI YIN
‘AT HW
YI ‘HW
sees
‘AT ‘YI “HW
|
Pemvece.y
“ATT “TW
eam
‘AT ‘H ‘W
os
‘posn
weg Jo pury
"W OF °F ST} FE9
"OR ‘ON
"STOVE M [RILOFLI
-19 J, 03 puokog
“SUIYSLT Syvog
Jo ozig pue sdrazy, Jo 1oquinn
Re
68TL 90-9
“BOF OF OT LL) 60
“W OF OF a $89
W OF 07 BT 997
“93-96 04 FI Ue
SRE |
“WJ 9G 94 OT) 6Z9
eS
"SIO AA [RIIOY
“HIaT, OF} UIYITM OWTAL JOYIO| pur o7exg
“H 96 04 OT cog | 10-0 8
“W OF 94 OT! O8F $0.0 8L
‘YW OF 94 ST “6FOL. 60-0 66
I9% | 00:0 09 | 20.0 $eer | 6e-0 L082 | 6aT 1826 | zF-0 Feros
cor | 70.0 98 | 0-0 0F-0 918 SG-1 FOL LL SIL] 70-0 8
70-0 SI | 10.0 19.0 PLS $80 088 | 97-0 £06 oes
70-0 8% 99-0 68-0 TI9 81-0 CCL ae ae
F000 6I_ oo “0L0- Pi I a PR
0-0 TI “90-1 G0-0 91 ptm
z0.0 8 0-0 tro | seo 9h
Apes t amie 5 enna tenes
0.0 1Z g1-0 il. Easy
too 8 [ont om | eo sot |
< a a HOD ToS SLOT | 66-0 FPL |
“Lany “SIND ‘Lary “SIND “LOU “SIND vires ae segs sen age — aaa :
Goa we pue | -Sanmay | soppeH ‘Pog ‘Supu0y
‘sqeq ‘selog
j
‘SHOYVA\ [RILOFIIOT, OY} UIGFTM FSV YSLy our] pur yoN Jo AqyUeN?
“LOIMLSI(] NYAVHANOL§G—'’Y WIGCVL
11-0 66¢¢ | °
Ieok LO |[vIOJ,
“
14
“
“
“
“c
“
“
“
“
“cc
MBIOLEYG
IMPS | (1Z) ‘ure
*HCNV'T
QUGHM AOVIT
| (G3) ‘29
(FZ) “adog
_ 0 a
= , Joys 5 red “SUMO OSVIOAB ot dAIS sutunyoo ptooes ayy ur somsy [Bula] ot. L-—'270 AT
cs ee nS Ne ce oA AOR NEED NOMI SI 9800 879 T 08 iss Rg gh De a RS 6
_868°CR 620-€ | £496°6ZI | 9FT-0| £292‘9 | 120-0| F216 | Le1-0| F1LL‘9 | 90z-0| Ferg‘ | 120-| Ezog‘er | 146-0] 9tFOF| ZoG-0| oge'ze|’ ° ‘TeIOL
681‘L |Z86-2| FPF ‘IZ 90:0] T9F 00:0! OG | 20-0] §G6r 68-0; 408% | 6&1} 1826 | aF-0| fer0‘e | 22-0] eee’ [°° UdALYOU0}S
FIO‘OL | e96-¢| F¥sgc‘ee 88-0 | £888°e | 900-0| Fog | 21-0] FITL‘T | G10] zes‘e| 2¢-1| $e22‘ct| 22-1] 222°%T | egt-0| Feg'T |° °° ° “osoxquoyy
S9r‘GL | 168-2| cog FF Z0-0 | &L9F 10-0} 86L | 61-0] %626%]| zt-0| ¢198‘t | 19-0| Fozt‘zt| 96-0 | Soe2Ft! 92.0|Se06tr}° ‘TOyyNIysuy
= LEGOL | 807-6 | F8z9‘F% F1-0] FOTS‘T | 90-0} 19} 81-0} ¥oe8‘t | 90-0} 679 | 79-0] fo29'°9 | 96-0] $ec96 | pe0|Sec'e |° °° * UHL
= a a ee ee eS ee oe ee ne eee en ay nie et ee ae eS Be ee
S e
3) 68ST ;
mes et ee me ea, tS pee eT a to ee ee a
=a LL0°GF | 196-6 | FLELLZL | 061-0} G6L‘8 | T10-0| EssF | 202-0] eg6‘s | G2t-0| Zege‘s | goz-1 | Fez9‘re | 989-0 | Fosg‘ez | 11-0 FteL4uT]* TROL
S ShS‘9 | 081-2] FI6T'ST 61-0 | ¥68¢‘T | 100-0] €L | 40-0] #82 18-0 | £490% | 09-L} 0z‘OL| 12-0] OOFE | OF-0| SI9% |* ° ‘Waavyauozg
is)
a G00‘TT | ZIL-E| eFF9‘OF GG.0| £0609 | 900-0] #89 | S1-0| £969‘L | 12-0! ¥o9e' | z2.1| $ree‘8t| F0-L| 96F‘TL| I0-0| Z96T " * * ggoryTOT
=>
3 QL8'FT | 88-3) EPOL'Gr | ¥0-0) Feat | 100-0] #9 | 66-0] saFF |] FT-0| Gres | 96.0| Fozzt1| 99-0| Fee's | 19-0 Zest‘st|* ° : ToyNIysTY
= GcoOL | F&h-%| $296.42 | 600-0] $16 £0-0| Z18¢ | 2-0] tFzg'% | 80-0} ¥116 Z0-L | f0¢6‘0L| 82-0 | aes | 93-0] eczs |° =° 6° f aMET
x Re aa 5 eee at ag ah 9 SD Pp Oe Geet oe Bie Fe
S ‘sd1qy, ‘UST -40qaNJ, ‘sqeiq pue : aes
~ [e401 "UST [240 ar wy | pur oyeyg SLepunoy,y “SULIT ‘yooppeH a 6) “SULLIOQ ‘LOTMLLSIG
‘so[og moureT
Aap RR ee ee Se DO Se ee SS ees ee eT ee ee }
‘8881
"6881 PUe BggT UL, Joys, Jed oSeIoAy
OY} YIM ‘Stoqye AA [VIIOJIIEy, oy] Ul uswAeYst oury Lq poangdeo Wsiq Jo soruen(’ oy4 SulmoysS—'FT WIGVL -
Part I11.—EKighth Annual Report
156
Ecec‘09 | €018°¢¢ SIS‘99L | OSt‘Zc0‘T | Z0er ‘OT ggg ZT 899 ‘TL 10z‘LIr | SOLltr
cor, | PeI8% G6G‘FL |Eose's6 86F‘T 8 IZlG .| sc6‘6e | L99%¢
foes‘ | f6rL% 69L°9L | coo‘e6 | FceTS 620‘T eg‘, Ost‘es | 09
§9ca‘o | F114 ooe‘st | cZr°es | FL18‘T 6FS FILL g99°%% | LIFE
f9r0'9 =| E6r9'T 60'TS | €z8‘Or |. 296°C =| ~F286 FISVOL | QI6CL | #80°E
Lr9> =| fece'T E8Z°GI | 9TS‘LT ozo‘T | $29 ZS ‘9 868'¢ Le0‘S
ECEOD 81¢‘T €Z0°SL | 1LatS | E280‘T 809 GL1‘G 409‘8 09¢‘e
Itt £6c9'h 686‘ZL_ | OFF ‘98 002‘T 8E6‘T 1189 988 ‘eh TZ‘¢
§200‘G F681 FI LIF‘8 ZLP9SL | $GIL'T §c19‘¢ S16‘S 00z‘0L 188‘g
886‘T FLI6 ELGP‘8S
£019‘T F6'8 C809
§79¢‘T 9ST‘IL F08‘09
FZrZ ¢6 ‘01 106‘ 2
Sis Igl6 SSL ‘SI
016 SF8°Z #99‘CT
FIZL‘S Z90°9 $09‘°GF
£6/¢OL S6F‘F Z1Z‘99
g1c‘¢g SIF‘, OFF‘ET | 298°96 ce9 6F9'T ItP‘G SET th 86% Feg1‘g 666'2 6GF ‘GS
Z98‘¢ S6rl‘s 1c9°SL | ¥60‘FIL O18 GIZL'T LtF‘G ZOF‘6E Zc0'¢ Zc0'F Ost ‘OL ZE9 ‘FL
fest > toh F 06g*2 Tos‘Fel | F0TZ ¢16‘T 968% 602 ‘ES GFE 6LFS FOF F Z60‘T8
Fe 119 £c06 ‘F Z8c‘OL |ESPL‘TSL | ere SI¢‘T eep‘e 6&8‘ Sh oge‘¢ £/9¢'¢ 6F8 ‘F ¥608°28
"USMA YL "Yshy punoyy "USLA ILA "ysl punoy ‘USM 9°10 "Ysty punoy
*(weapseq V JO TyNos)
"9880 SUH OTOUM. WOTJO9g WLoINOg
NN.
"6881 SuLNp purpyoog
‘(spavayyitou weep.ieqy wWo.1j)
MOTpeIG ULI 4}.10 N
fe0s‘9g | OSTeé6 | 6F6‘OF9
.
‘s1R10J,
‘Jaq W80E(T
‘10q,W9A0 NT
* *18q 03009
‘roquieydeg
* “snsny
‘Ame
* ‘une
‘AVI
qudy
* qorey
‘AIBN AT
* ‘Arenuee
JO JSVOD JseT ol} UO SLOT MULT, Weog pre uoUMIOYSIyy oury Aq popury YS JeL7 puUe panoy Jo ‘sjM0 ur syunoury ATYJUOT, oy} SutMoyS—'T |ITVL
: CHART showing the Results of the “ Garland’s”’ Trawlings. :
PLATE |,
The red line gives the average per “ shot” of flat fish; the black line gives the average per “shot” of round fish.
1. FIRTH OF FORTH—CLOSED AREA.
1869
oe ee ee ee ee ee a
No. of
i a ri
i ee a in|
ie!
a
ae
es
N
Fal
es
| als ae
5 SE a a a
(a |
SaRetaasi
rae ee aE
Aue
a
PA
See
FESem
See. Smee mee
peas (Ea
Pea
See &
Sea a false
1889.
No. of
ES NT FS SA
rae teal ele eel!
ent sine shade fhe:
TRRER SAP SEES eT e
PACER
A AN
a
iz
a \ Foe) ReGem te
petadl Nanenanateg
z
ints aed ae S|
PT ee TL
a}
PLATE It.
CHART showing the relative Monthly Quantities of Fish (exclusive of Herring, Sprats, and Mackerel) landed by
Line Fishermen and Beam Trawlers along the East Coast of Scotland in 1889.
N.B.—The black lines represent fish caught by line ; the red lines those caught by steam beam trawl. The thick lines indicate round fish ; the thin lines flat fish.
The arrows at the sides indicate the monthly averages.
NORTHERN SECTION. SOUTHERN SECTION. THE WHOLE EAST COAST.
(From Aberdeen Northwards.) (South of Aberdeen. f
alia a ele Deed ee ev ele ele ee | eee ee
Ea
eS Vere ee, See - - -
nd”’ on the Ea
PLATE Ill.
FIRTH
o Ss 10
Geographical Miles
10
English Miles
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Luby
Il.—THE DISTRIBUTION OF IMMATURE SEA FISH, AND
THEIR CAPTURE BY VARIOUS MODES OF FISHING. By
Dr T. Wemyss Futon, Secretary for Scientific Investigations.
I. INTRODUCTORY.
There are few questions connected with the prosecution of sea fisheries
of greater immediate interest than that relating to the.capture of im-
mature fish. It is a subject related more or less to almost every mode
of fishing; and it is the subject about which cluster most of the objections
urged against certain of these modes, such as beam trawling, shrimping, and
the use of the bag-net and seine. The complaint of the wasteful destruc-
tion of young fish is a very old one. At the present time it has assumed
especial importance in connection with beam trawling; and an Inter-
national Conference, under the auspices of the National Sea Fisheries
Protection Association, has been called to meet in London in July to con-
sider the subject.
Careful investigations have recently been made by the Fishery Board,
by means of the steamer ‘Garland,’ into the distribution and capture of
immature fish on the East Coast of Scotland. Before describing these
investigations and the results that have been obtained, it may be well to
glance at the history of the question.
1. Previous LEGISLATION.
Complaints as to the wasteful destruction of the fry and brood of fish
have been made from very early times, and a number of Acts of Parlia-
ment have been passed dealing with the matter. As was to be expected,
the earlier Acts related exclusively to river and lake fisheries. Thus, in
the reign of Edward I., it was made penal to destroy young salmon’
‘from the midst of April to the Nativity of St. John Baptist.’ *
In the reign of Richard II. this clause was re-enacted, with the
addition that ‘no Fisher or Garth-man, nor any other’ was to be allowed
to use nets called ‘Stalkers, nor other nets or engines whatsoever they be
‘by the which the Fry or the Breed of the Salmons, Lampreys, or any
other Fish, may in ahy wise be taken or destroyed.’+
In the reign of Edward III. a petition was made to Parliament in the
session 1376-77, stating that the abundance of fish in creeks and havens
had been greatly diminished by the employment of a trawl-net (called
Wondyrchoum}), which captured all small fish that entered it, and also
destroyed the spawn and brood of fish.
The first Act of Parliament I have found to specifically deal with the
wasteful capture of immature sea fish, was passed in the reign of
Henry VIIL§ This Act states that while ‘dyvers statutes and
Edward I. c. 47 (1284).
+ 13 Richard II., c. 19 (1889-90).
t It might be supposed that this net was not identical with the modern beam trawl,
but was in reality like the Wonderkuwil, at present used in the Zuider-see, and which is
slung between two boats which run before the wind ; but in the petition it is said
to be made after the fashion of a drag for oysters.
§ Henry VII. c. 21 (1488-89).
158 Part III—EKighth Annual Report
‘ordenaunces’ have been made for the preservation of. the fry and brood
of fish in the rivers of England, none had been made ‘for savynge and
‘kepynge of frye and brood of Fysshe resortyng out of the See and Salt-
waters in to Havens and Crekes wythin the sayd Reame,’ and is passed
for the preservation of such fry in the Nasse and Haven of Orforde in
Suffolk (Orfordness). It appears from this Act that the fry were destroyed
not by the beam trawl, but by stow-nets or bag-nets, and that they were used
for manure, &c. ‘In late dayes,’ the Act quaintly continues, ‘for a
‘singuler covetyse and lucre certeyne persones have used to set and
‘ordeyne certeyne botes called Stallbotes festened with ankers, havyng
‘ wyth theym suche maner unresonable nettes and engynes,’ that all kinds
of fry and brood are destroyed—‘ Wyth whiche frye and broode the said
‘ persones wythe parte thereof fede their hogges, and the residue they put
‘and ley it in grete pyttes in to the grounde, which elles wolde torn to
‘ such perelous infeccion of eyre that noo persone thider resortyng sholde
‘it abyde or suffre.* The ground for interference with this bag-net
fishing was that it ‘causeth grete scarcite of Fysshe in that countrees
‘(Norfolk and Suffolk) where afore this tyme were wounte to be grete
‘plente.’ The penalty was £10 for every offence, and the justices of the
peace were empowered to inquire and examine into the kinds of nets and
engines used. In 1491 this Act was. confirmed by parliament, on the
eround that the supply of fish had been increased by its operation.
In the above Act no fish are specified, and no attempt is made to define
what fry or brood is. In an Act passed during the reign of Elizabeth, how-
ever, a minimum size is fixed for certain fish.t ‘This Act was for the
preservation of the ‘spawn, fry, and young breed of Eels, Salmons, Pikes, ’
and of all other river fish, with which ‘in divers places they feed Swine
‘and Dogs,’ ‘and otherwise, lamentable and horrible to be reported, destroy
‘the same, to the great Hindrance and Decay of the Commonwealth.’ By
this Act no one was allowed after lst June to kill a pike under 10
inches, a salmon under 16 inches, a trout under 8 inches, or a barbel
under 12 inches; the use of all engines except a trammel with a mesh of
at least 24 inches broad was prohibited. In the reign of James, and in
subsequent periods in the seventeenth century, many petitions were ~
presented and bills introduced for the purpose of dealing with the
wasteful capture of small fish, and severe measures were enforced for the
suppression of the employment of nets with illegal size of mesh. The
first Act in which I have found a definition of undersized sea fish
attempted, was passed in 1714 during the reign of George [i
Clause 4 of this Act states that, ‘of late years the Breed and Fry of
‘ Seafish has been greatly prejudiced and destroyed by the using of Nets of
‘too small Size or Mesh; and makes any person liable to a penalty of
£20 who shall use ‘at Sea, upon the Coast of that Part of Great Britain
‘called England, any Traul-net, Drag-net, or Set-net whatsoever for the
‘catching of any kind of Fish (except Herrings, Pilchards, Sprats, or
‘ Lavidnian) which hath any Mesh or Moke of less Size than three inches
‘and a half at least from knot to knot.’ This Act prohibits the sale of
certain kinds of fish under a fixed size, and is interesting as showing the
opinions held at the beginning of last century as to what immature fish
are. Clause 7 prohibits the bringing ashore, sale, offering, or exposing
for sale or barter, of ‘any unsizeable fish,’ that is to say under the
* This fishery is at the present day called in Holland the Staalboomen-visscherij,
and the produce in the Zuider-see is largly used as food for ducks, &., and as
manure (vide Dr Hoek’s Rapport over Ankerkuwil- en Staalboomen- visschertj, Leiden,
1888. )
+ 1 Elizabeth, c. 17 (1558-9).
£ 1 George I., st. 2, c. 18 (1714-16).
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 159
following sizes, measured ‘from the Eyes to the utmost Extent of the
‘Tail (viz.) every Bret or Turbet, sixteen inches; every Brill or Pearl,
‘ fourteen inches ; every Codlin, twelve inches ; every Whiting, six inches ;
‘every Bass and Mullet, twelve inches; every Sole, eight inches; every
‘Place or Dab, eight inches; and every Flounder, seven inches.’ The
penalties were forfeiture of the fish to the poor of the parish and the
payment of a fine of twenty shillings; in default of which the offender
was to be ‘severely whipped and kept to hard labour for a space of’ at
least six days.
All the above Acts, so far as they relate to sea fisheries, have been
repealed. At the present time there is no restriction as to the size of
mesh used or the size of sea fish taken, except in the case of herring
nets on the coast of Scotland, and the enactment is quite obsolete.
2. RecENT INQUIRIES.
In recent times various Commissions have been appointed by Government
to inquire, directly or indirectly, into the capture and destruction of im-
mature sea fish by various modes of fishing. The most extensive of these
was that held by the ‘Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Sea
‘Fisheries of the United Kingdom,’ whose report was issued in 1866.*
One of the points upon which inquiry was to be made was—‘ Whether
‘any of the methods of catching fish in use in Sea-Fisheries involves a
‘ wasteful destruction of fish or spawn, and, if so, whether it is probable
‘ that any legislative restriction upon such method of fishing would result
‘in an increase of the supply of fish.’ The Commissioners visited various
parts of the coast and heard evidence, and found generally that while
beam trawling, shrimping, the use of seine and circle-nets, and of stow-
nets, and weirs involve the capture of a certain very variable proportion
of small fish, there was no good grounds to believe that this destruction
of small fish had diminished the supply of saleable fish. The Commission,
however, admitted that, with respect to inshore fisheries, ‘it is undoubtedly
‘possible, that by the use of improved engines, the destruction of fry
‘might reach such a pitch as to bear a large, instead of, as at present,
‘an insignificant ratio to the destruction affected by the natural enemies
‘of fish, and by conditions unfavourable to their existence.’ And that,
if such a state of things were satisfactorily proved to exist, ‘the best
‘remedial measure would be to place a restriction upon the size of the
‘ fish permitted to be brought ashore, and to subject the possessor of fish
‘below a certain specified size to penalties; but to avoid interfering
‘ with the implements of fishermen, or with their methods of fishing.’ It
is very doubtful, however, if the enforcement of a regulation of this
character alone would do much good. It would prevent the sale, but
permit the capture and destruction of immature fish; since a large
proportion of those obtained in beam trawling, and many also in shrimp
trawling, probably do not live when returned to the sea.
The conclusions of this Commission (and indeed of all previous and
most subsequent Commissions), were almost wholly reached by sifting the
opinions of various classes of fishermen and others who appeared before
them,—of ‘assertions that can be neither proved nor disproved,’ and of
‘evidence of the most conflicting character.’ The Commissioners
pointed out that enough was not known ‘of the number, the mode of
‘ multiplication, or of the conditions of existence in any locality of any
‘ given kind of fish,’ to enable them ‘to form the slightest estimate as to
* Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Sea Fisheries of the
United Kingdom, vol. i.; the Report and Appendix, 1866.
160 Part IIL—Eighth Annual Report
‘the effect which will be produced upon the number of that fish by a
‘ given amount of destruction of its young.’
The Commissioners (Mr Frank Buckland and Sir Spencer Walpole)
appointed to inquire into the Sea Fisheries of England and Wales,
reported in 1879, that ‘there are no reasons for thinking that the destruc-
‘tion of immature fish, which is undoubtedly going on, is wasteful in
‘the sense that it is diminishing the future supply of mature fish.* I
am not satisfied, however, with the arguments by which this conclusion was
supported. 'Too much stress was laid on those derived from the white-
bait and herring fisheries.
In the inquiry made by the Government Commissioners in 1884 into
beam trawling, scientific investigations were for the first time systematically
employed in connection with the question of the destruction of immature
fish. This branch of the inquiry fell into the highly competent hands of
Professor M‘Intosh, F.R.S., who, for the greater portion of a year,
accompanied steam trawlers working off the east coast of Scotland.
Professor M‘Intosh made careful observations as to the results of ninety-
three hauls of the trawl-net, the contents being in each case registered ;
and he brought to bear upon the inquiry a wide and varied knowledge
of fisheries. The results of these observations are referred to below,
but I may say here, that since no standard of size could be then laid down
for the specimens classed by Professor M‘intosh as immature, and since the
great majority of those so classed consisted of common dabs and long
rough dabs—which reach maturity while still very small—it appears to
me that many of the fish classed by Professor M‘Intosh as immature,
were in reality adult; and, conversely, that many excluded from
the class of immature fish were immature. Thus, for instance, not a
single immature cod is mentioned. This Commission reported as
follows :—‘ We are of opinion that, while at times a considerable number
‘ of immature fish may be taken in the trawl-net, these, generally speaking,
‘are not of the more valuable kinds of food fishes, and that there is no
‘evidence of any unnecessary or wasteful destruction of immature food
‘ fishes by the use of the beam-trawl.’ +
The investigations undertaken by the Fishery Board as to immature
fish have mainly consisted in the determination of —
1. What an immature fish is.
2. The distribution of immature fish in inshore and offshore waters at
different times of the year.
_ 3. The capture of immature fish by different modes of fishing.
II. DEFINITION OF IMMATURE FISH.
Before describing the results of the inquiry into the distribution and
capture of immature fish, it is necessary first of all to define what an
immature fish is. Hitherto no scientific standard has been laid down for
the discrimination of immature from adult fish according to their length ;
although arbitrary standards have been adopted, as in the Act of 1714.
But it is absolutely essential, if this question is to be treated rationally,
and in order that any legislative regulations on the subject that may be
made may be productive of good and not of harm, that the maximum size
- of immature individuals of each kind of fish should be scientifically
determined. To the popular mind an immature fish is a small fish,
* Report on the Sea Fisheries of England and Wales, p. xxii, 1879.
+ Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire and report upon the com-
plaints that have been made by Line and Drift Net Fishermen of Injuries sustained
by them in their Calling, owing to the use of the Trawl Net and Beam Trawl,
in the Territorial Waters of the United Kingdom, p. xxxi, 1885.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 161
and nothing more; but, strictly, the use of the term ‘immature’ should
be confined to the condition of the reproductive organ-—the milt or roe—
since no individual of a species can be considered ‘mature’ until it is
able to reproduce its kind. ‘There is another sense in which the word
‘immature’ is used in the case of fish, namely, to indicate the condition
of the reproductive organ at a period remote from the time of spawning.
Thus, for example, a haddock examined in October will be found to have
the reproductive organ small and ill-developed, quite irrespective of the
size of the fish, and in one sense such a specimen might be called
immature, although it had spawned in the previous March. I am aware
that other factors besides the biological one, such, for instance, as the
economic one relating to saleable and unsaleable fish, have been associated
with the question of immature fish. I shall refer to these in the sequel.
I propose to restrict the term ‘immature’ to young fish which have
never developed ripe milt or roe—which have not yet become adult ; and
this must be kept carefully in view. It will be found that in this sense
the maximum size of immature individuals of different species of fish (or,
what is the same thing, the minimum size of mature individuals) varies
immensely. An immature fish may be a large fish, and a mature fish
may be very small.
‘The limit of size which divides an immature from an adult specimen of
any fish has not previously been determined, or indeed attempted. No
doubt this is owing to the fact that the investigation is more difficult,
and involves more labour than one might anticipate. As a rule, fish
spawn for a comparatively brief period each year, and it is not always
easy to obtain ripe specimens in sufficient numbers.
In order to determine this fundamental point, I have had nearly 13,000
food fishes, belonging to all the important species examined at all times of
the year, each fish being carefully measured, and the condition of the
reproductive organ registered.* Of this number 756 were found ripe,
and 1426 nearly ripe, and I have taken the minimum length of these
specimens as mainly indicating the limit of size between maturity and im-
maturity. The results in regard to the ripe fish are set forth in Table L;
those regarding the ‘nearly ripe’ in Table IT.
TasiLe I.—The Maximum and Minimum Lengths (in inches) of Ripe Fish. +
Difference
: ; between | Average| Number! Number
Name of Fish. Largest. |Smallest. Largest and| Size. Ripe. | Examined.
Smallest.
| _ FS SO Oso |
Plaice, . . ‘ 28 13 15 20°7 157 2212
Lemon sole, . 18 84 94 14°9 56 863
Common dab, . 14 _ 54 4, 8°5 108 2061
Long rough dab, 154 63 | 9 91 115 1488
Flounder, ‘ 164 + gig 93 10°1 82 217
Witch sole, .| 194 14 Bs 17°3 14 223
Little sole, : 44 32 3 4°0 i) 38
Tutbot, + ; 28 2B: 4 5 25°2 4 68
Haddock, 23 12 | 11 16°1 20 1375
Whiting, . : 174 9 84 12°6 54 1318
Cod, Bake 39 26, | 13 32°6 8 957
Gurnard, . : 18 84 4 12°4 124 1299
Cat-fish, . j 42 27 15 34°8 9 59
* This has been mainly done by Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.8., one of the naturalists
of the Fishery Board, and partly by Mr Peter Jamieson, assistant naturalist.
+ In all cases the extreme length is given, from the tip of the snout to the tip of
the tail.
l
162 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
Taste IJ.—The Maximum and Minimum Lengths (in inches) of
Nearly Ripe Fish.
Difference
Number
. between | Average Number
Name of Fish. | Largest. |Smallest. Largest and | Size sg ay Batten tegesg
Smallest. be
Plaice, . ; 264 12 144 19°5 83 2212
Lemon sole, . 18 74 103 13°2 64 863
Common dab, . 134 5 84 8°6 286 2061
Long rough dab, 14 54 84 8°3 400 1488
Flounder, A 154 73 8 10*7 66 217
Witch sole, . 19 114 74 16°3 41 223
Little sole, 7 5 3 2 3°8 15 38
Turbot, . i 26 18 8 20°6 6 68
Brill, : ; 234 20 34 21°7 2 23
Sail fluke, : 15 10 5 12°4 4 16
Haddock, : 23 10 13 15°5 67 1375
Whiting, . ‘ 21 8 13 de ee il} 1318
Cod, ‘ , 44 20 24 34:0 53 975
Gurnard, . : 17 83 84 12°4 225 1299
Cat-fish, . , 27 24 3 | 25°3 3 59
These Tables show that the range of length of mature individuals of the
same kind of fish is very great, and also that the range of length of
immature specimens of different species is very great. Thus Table IL.
shows that the smallest ripe turbot obtained was 23 inches, the smallest
ripe plaice 13 inches, the smallest ripe little sole 3% inches, and the
smallest ripe dab 64 inches. The proportions of ripe specimens obtained
also varied considerably. (Vide Report on the Spawning of Fishes, p. 257).
The difference in size between the largest and smallest ripe specimens
is very marked in some cases. For instance, the largest fully ripe plaice
was 28 inches long, and the smallest only 13, or less than half the
size. The smaller specimens were invariably males, the smallest ripe
female being 20 inches in length. The average length of mature males
was only 16°7 inches, while that of mature females was no less than
24 inches. The males of all the other species mentioned in the Tables,
with the exception of cod and haddock, are smaller than the females.
This subject is dealt with in my Report on the Proportional Numbers
and Sizes of the Sexes among Marine Fishes (vide, p. 348). It will be
observed from the Tables that the difference between’ minimum and maxi-
mum sizes increases generally in proportion to the number obtained. I
have little doubt that, when I have collected sufficient data, I shall be able’
to formulate a law by which, given the average size of a species (adult and
immature), it may be possible to indicate the approximate size which
marks off immature individuals from adult.
In some cases in the above Tables, such as plaice, common dabs, long
rough dabs, and gurnards, the figures may be accepted as indicating with
some exactitude the demarcation between immature and possibly adult fish.*
In some other cases the number of ripe individuals is too small to afford
a basis for generalisation; but by taking into consideration the sizes of
those nearly mature (Table II.) a fairly accurate average may be obtained.
Chiefly from these two Tables, but also from a consideration of all the
evidence before me, I have drawn up Table III., which shows the lengths
of the smallest ripe individuals of the species named. Thus fish under
the sizes given will be here classed as 7mmature fish.
* I say ‘possibly adult,’ because in the same shoal, specimens having the roe or
milt not fully developed may be found of a larger size than fully ripe individuals,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 163
TaBLeE III.—Showing the Limit of Size between Mature and
Immature Fish.
Flat Fish. Inches. Round Fish. Inches.
=
Plaice, . ‘ 12 Haddock, . : 10
(Plewronectes platessa). (Gadus ‘eglefinus).
Lemon sole, . ( Sit M@ods: y ee
- (Pleuronectes micro- (Gadus morrhua).
cephalus). Whiting, . } 8
Common dab, . ‘ 6 (Gadus mei Tangu).
(Pleuronectes limanda). Gurnard,. 8
Flounder, ; 7 \(Trigla gurnar dus).
(Pleuronectes flesus). Cat-fish, . | 20 (2%)
Witch sole, +h Ae (Anar rhichas lupus).
(Pleur onectes cynoglossus). |
Long rough dab, : 6
(Hippoglossoides liman-
doides)
Little sole, : 34
(Solea minuta).
Turbot, . » eS
(Rhombus muawimus).
Brill, : : Bah Meg
(Rhombus levis). |
Sail Fluke, : 9 :
(Arnoglossus megastoma). |
At a conference of those engaged in the English East Coast fishing
trade, recently held in Hull,* it was agreed that the term immature fish
‘should be interpreted to mean ‘a sole which measures less than 10 inches,
‘a turbot or a brill which measures less than 12 inches, and a plaice which
‘measures less than 12 inches.’ I have not at present sufficient informa-
tion about the English sole to enable me to determine the maximum size
of immature individuals; but there can be little doubt that the size
adopted for turbot and brill will exclude many immature specimens.
IlI. THE DISTRIBUTION OF IMMATURE FISH IN
IN-SHORE AND OFF-SHORE WATERS.
In connection with the capture of immature fish by various modes of
fishing, and with any legislative enactments relating thereto, it is
important to determine the proportional abundance of the various kinds
of immature flat fish and round fish at various distances from shore and
in different depths of water. Where are young fish chiefly found?
The general belief is that young fishes specially haunt the shallow
waters adjacent to the shore; but it will be found that the young, and
particularly the fry, of different kinds have very different habits in this
respect.
* Fish Trades Gazette, May 10, 1890, p. 9.
164 Part ITI—Kighth Annual Report
It has now been demonstrated that the eggs of almost all food-fishes
(except those of the herring) are pelagic, and float at or near the surface
of the sea, where they are hatched. This is the case with the ova
of plaice, dabs, soles, turbot, brill, whiting, cod, ling, haddock, gurnard, ~
&c. Ihave also shown that the old idea held by Buckland and others,
that sea-fishes come into bays and estuaries to spawn is erroneous, A’
few unimportant species, such as the common dab and the long rough
dab, and to some extent the flounder and gurnard, spawn partly in the
territorial waters ; the great majority, as plaice, lemon soles, turbot, brill,
cod, whiting, haddock, &c., spawn at distances more or less remote from
shore. The floating eggs and the newly-hatched embryos are, however,
carried ina large number of cases by the currents towards the shore; hence
many young fishes may be found in great numbers in the waters around
the coast, where they obtain abundance of food and shelter. Many others
are carried seawards; and there is little doubt that the young of those
which spawn at considerable distances from shore, such as the ling and
turbot, are chiefly to be found in the offshore waters. By the use of the
tow-nets it has been shown that the ova of haddock, cod, ling, and plaice
may be got up to thirty miles from shore; the ova of the turbot have been
found fifty miles off. Off the mouth of the Firth of Forth pelagic ova are
frequently collected in large numbers, mainly those of the cod, haddock,.
whiting, lemon sole, and dabs.
In order to determine the relative distribution of immature fish,
special observations have been made on board the steamer ‘ Garland,’ by
the employment of a specially constructed fine-meshed trawl-net, resem-
bling generally the net used in the shrimp fishing in the Solway Firth. This
net is 32 feet long, the cod-end being 8 feet in length; it is fixed to an
18-feet beam. ‘The largest meshes are one inch, and the smallest half an
inch, so that it is well adapted to capture very small fish. The observa-
tions have been made chiefly in the Firth of Forth and St Andrews
Bay ; but also at other parts of the east coast, namely, off Montrose and
the Aberdeenshire coast, in the Moray Firth, and at the Orkney Islands.
Hauls were also made at offshore fishing grounds, at distances from shore of
from ten to twenty-two miles, and in water up to above fifty fathoms in
depth.
The total number of fish captured was 42,088, belonging to about
forty species. Excluding at present those species which are of no
economic importance, and those of which the number obtained is small,
the total number of immature cod, ling, haddock, whiting, gurnard,
plaice, lemon sole, flounder, common dab, long rough dab, &c., obtained —
was 33,297 out of a total of 34,803 of these kinds captured. The data ©
are therefore pretty extensive; and as this is the first time an attempt
has been made to accurately investigate the distribution of immature
fish, they will repay careful consideration.
In Table IV. I have tabulated the immature adult specimens according
to their sizes, a thick line being drawn between the adult and the imma- —
ture. It will be noticed how various was the proportion between the —
adult and the young in the different species. This, together with other
facts, shows that the habitat and habits of young fishes vary very much,
for the trawl, of coursg, can only work on a limited portion of the sea
bottom. Nevertheless, it is curious that while 1118 immature plaice |
were caught, and only 119 adults, the immature lemon soles numbered
less than half of the adults. Again, only 451 immature haddocks were ©
captured, as compared with 124 adults; while there were 26,179
immature whitings, and only 296 adults. The immense number of ©
very small whitings caught (the majority under four inches in length)
608‘FE 9668S LOGI g 662 | 6FIG | SL9E | TATST| FFOL | 191 | 928 | IHL | SEF | FOE | LEE |8OE/90T/ G6! ZF FI) ZL| 1 | ‘s[eqOL,
Tg ve) 6L wore bth 8 tS eee ore eee wee eae eee wae wee wee wae . ‘9[0s apyIvy
BOGE 1062 108 "| 1G | TOST | Tog $1 Le ee ae id cade OD acne
9G1Z FEST BEE "| Sh | OFF | 886 06° [kOe ale | a | ee ae ae ee
“g 16g OFZ TST eS ge es GZ OF FS ABE 8) "+ “preame)
Ss GLF'9% 6GLT‘9Z 962 “| "" | ZIT | $696 | OTSPT| GOL9 | GIFT | FOE | 98S FALE | GE | SE |e)" |esP Tip "+ SUITE
8 zi ‘ P 2 Gee ae ore ee eee = oF Beets
7)
x S61 9 T&T pe ei 4 L II g OF OT "| + fos woulerT
S
= GLe ISt val g 7 9 @ | SSL | Sct | 68 | 6T “ )* Spoppey
/
S 6 G L ; Be ; * + STOS TOILAA
S
e LEZ1 STIL 6IT Se Ve Ee AS. EPS pe: re - ee Lee tay 7. so eee
>
5 I I . : . ‘ ° A . . TWH
3
Ee 5 : ne Fa i ate) Ree Re A rere orn wee ee
& |
2 8 Z 9 TP 0 Re 22th
Ss
PoP CrP ral Shes Ode Ge BL 2S SG a ie “196 |9T|"" 1S SOi Sa GL ie al
‘omnyemmmy | = *s}[Npy I T S g p g 9 L GL |SL|FL\9L| ZT | 8L{03| 02 -
"Te1OT, ; Jepuy sAOQY .
puters) |= qsta
‘s[eqoL, “SOTOUT UL 9Z1Q
‘QINJLUMULT OY} Wo, i[Upe oy} soperedes oul, Yory? oy—"azoay
"SOZIQ 04 Surpaoooe posuere ‘pornydey Ys Jo spury yueyiodut rou oy} Jo saoquinyy ety suLMoyg— “AT IAVy,
166 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
was due to the presence of a vast shoal of them in the Firth of Forth in
the autumn of 1889 (see p. 175).
I have been at pains to tabulate, in Tables V. and VI., the proportions
of immature flat fish and round fish found at various depths and at
various distances from shore. The results are of much interest and in
some ways surprising. Considering, first, all the immature fish, of what-
ever species, it will be seen that the largest proportion was obtained at a
distance of from 3 to 6 miles from shore (496 per shot), and the next
largest proportion at a distance of from 6 to 12 miles (482 per shot).
Within a distance of 1 mile from shore the proportion was only 87-4
per shot; from 12 to 18 miles the immature fish averaged 90°6 per shot ;
and at 22 miles only 16°0. It therefore appears that, while immature
fish are found at considerable distances from the shore, they chiefly
frequent a zone just beyond the three-mile limit. Within the three-mile
limit the average number caught per shot was 141°7, while beyond the
three-mile limit it was as much as 447. It must be remembered that
these figures deal mainly with the Firth of Forth. The abundance of
immature specimens at any given distance from shore varies also with the
depth, and especially with the kind of fish. In Table VI. the average
per shot in different depths is shown. The greatest proportion were
obtained from water between twenty-five and thirty fathoms deep. Both
in shallow water and in deep water the relative amounts were less.
FLAt-FIsH.
9
The total number of flat-fish caught in the special net was 6897,
_ of which 5979 were immature and 918 of adult size. Immature flat-fish
were found both near the shore and at all distances examined (up to 22
miles). They were also found in shallow water and in water 53 fathoms —
in depth, although in very different proportions. If we consider, first, the
proportional abundance of young flat-fish, according to the distance from
shore, it will be found (Table V.) that the largest number were obtained
between six and twelve miles off, but they consisted chiefly of the com-
moner and less valuable kinds, namely, common dabs and, especially, long
rough dabs. ‘The average abundance in the territorial waters was also —
great, but in this case it was due to the presence of young plaice and
common dabs. Immature flat-fish are rather more abundant beyond than
within the three-mile limit, owing to the greater number of long ©
rough dabs. |
Having made these general observations, I shall now describe in detail
the distribution of the young of the different kinds.
PLAICE (Pleuronectes platessa).
Of 1237 plaice captured 1118 were immature. The distribution of
immature plaice is very regular by far the largest number being got near
the shore, and fewer and fewer the further from the shore, As a rule,
except in certain localities in the neighbourhood of their spawning grounds, ©
few very large plaice are got in territorial waters on the East Coast, and
never in a ripe condition. They apparently never spawn within the terri-
torial waters. Table V. shows how regularly the numbers of immature
plaice increase as the shore is approached. At distances under one mile
the average number per shot was 33°4; between one and three miles
10:1; between three and six miles 2°9; between six and twelve miles
1°6 ; and between twelve and eighteen miles 0:0. The average number
per shot within the three-mile limit was 21°4, while it was only
I
eo)
ra
0.L5F | G.8¢ G.89 OT 9-018 g.9 q.g G.9F 9.71 8.0 G.G * —— puokeq
| ‘ OE
LTP 9.86 I-8F gh 6-48 | €-0 Loe Be eee ag. te eae * Groat] eyrur
“SL See Se eet Ree ee ier oar so ee BS Pe _-_ | eet FOF THIOL
S
Ss 0-9T 0-8 0-81 6.0 0-1 9.0 9.0 [at GL 0-0 g.0 ‘QWs ay
ri 9-06 8.9% 8.89 0-3 S61 0.3 9.6 0-73 0-68 8.0 0-0 ‘= RROUZE
S L-38 8.688 g.26 4.0 1-828 8.31 ee 8.49 9.2% L-0 9-1 “= ron
S 0.96F L¥8h 8.19 0-1 G. 1GP 2.9 3.9 8.9F 1-01 6-0 6% “> “wore
=i 1-61 G-O9T ¢-6§ q.P 0-691 1.0 P-8 9.g G.8T 2.0 0-01 : ¢ OT
3 7-18 6.2% g.9 1} L-91 0-0 LZ 6-1 ggg. <=. 5:0 7-0 4.72 ** | Sepa
ee
ee ees ee ne Pe ra ae eee,
4 | puey | aa baped] LPL | preamp | Suma | syoppeg] “pop see Ub aemtagil= wees aa
"JOM-[MEI} 97 JO , JOS, Jod Loquinu oSvIeAR oy} JUosoIder somnSy oy —‘aoAr
‘puofeg puv qury oyty- cory, OY9 UIYITA ooUBpuNgYy
aATILIAY 913 Os[e ¢ S1OYG WoIZ douvysi(] 94} 0} Surpsoooe “YSIy omnyeMUI] Jo uoTNGIAySICy oy} SumoYgS—"A HAV],
168 Part II1.—Highth Annual Report
2°5 beyond. The same result. appears when the depth of water is
considered, by far the larger proportions being obtained in the shallower
waters. Thus, in depths under five fathoms, the average number per shot
was 26°7; in from five to ten fathoms 20; in from ten to fifteen fathoms
2°8 ; in from twenty-five to thirty fathoms 0°3. No other flat-fish shows
the same regularity in the distribution of the young, and so far as plaice
is concerned, the territorial waters may justly be described as a ‘nursery.’
It will be seen from Table IV. that the greater number of the imma-
ture plaice caught were fairly large sized specimens, nearly eighty per
cent. being above six inches in length, and none under three inches.
Had smaller individuals been present, it is difficult to understand how they
could have escaped capture, since above two thousand dabs under three
inches were caught in the same hauls. The very small plaice remain close
in-shore, and gradually pass out into deeper water as they increase in size.
The greater number of the small specimens caught were got on sandy
ground in shallow water, as close in-shore as it was safe for the ‘Garland’
to go. On the margin of the shore in such localities very small plaice,
about an inch long, may be caught in a hand-net in June and July. All
those under six inches were obtained in May and June, in water only a
few fathoms deep, and were clearly those spawned in previous years. The
proportion of immature to adult plaice in the territorial waters is least in
December, January, and February.
It is worth remarking here that, while the results of the ‘Garland’s’
Trawling Experiments in 1889 do not show that an increase of flat-fish
generally has taken place in the area from which beam trawling is pro-
hibited, they show that plaice have increased in numbers, both in the closed
area and in the adjacent area where trawling goeson. It seems reasonable
to suppose that, by the protection of the young plaice in the territorial
waters, the numbers on both the in-shore and off-shore grounds are being
increased. It has been ascertained by the experiments which the Scientific
Department of the Board have made on the migration of fishes (p. 353) that
plaice of at least twelve and thirteen inches in length probably do not
migrate at the spawning time from the territorial waters to the off-shore
grounds where the adults spawn. This confirms the results of the examina- —
tion of the reproductive organs as to the diagnosis of immature plaice.
Lemon Soe (Pleuronectes microcephalus).
Of 195 lemon soles obtained, 131 were adult and only 64 immature.
This number is not large enough for any certain conclusions. The greater
number of the immature specimens were obtained just beyond the three- —
mile limit, and in moderate depths. The average for the waters within
three miles from shore was 0°3 per shot; 0°8, or more than double, for the
waters beyond. The largest average per shot was 0°9 at from three to six
miles fromshore. In regard to depth, immature individuals were obtained
up to thirty fathoms, the largest proportion being found between fifteen
and twenty fathoms. ‘
As in the case of the plaice, the majority of the immature specimens
were fairly large, about half of them being above 6 inches in length. In
the case of the lemon sole, however, the smallest specimens were obtained
in water above ten fathoms deep, three of the four specimens two inches
in length being caught in March and May in about twenty fathoms. At
Smith Bank, the great spawning ground in the Moray Firth, where few
immature fish are obtained, a few lemon soles of four and a half inches
were caught. The lemon sole spawns mainly in June, and generally at —
some distance from shore.
169
of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
0-06
0-94T
G-916
V- 186
ine Oe
L096
9-106
G-18
[R10],
puri
“Ysty puno
1Of [B4OJ,
‘J9U-[MeI} OY} Jo ,JOYS, Jad roquinu osvIOAR oY} OAIS soInSY oy —ajoar
‘ToyeM JO Bday oy 07 Surpsoooe ys ommyeuwMy Jo vornqiaysiq, oy} SuIMoYg—'TA BIaVY,
G.¢
GS
6-6
0.67 " 0.88 6.0
9.911 0-1 0.08 $6
8.LP 9.0 1.178 0.61
L201 Fl L821 8.8
8.FL 8.1 1.26F 0-9
¢. 8h 0. 0.002 5
8.5F 8.2 6.991 re
7-19 0-5 1-62 e
Fp moet | ptemng | -Sonr_ | popper
Oo
0-67
&-L0T
G- GP
8.G2
0.94
&-&1
8.2
8.0»
Ea
MOULWOZ)
‘sqeq Yonoy
Suo'TyT
9-8
GG
L-¥6
8-81
G.96
6-GT
1-8
GT
8-0
9-0
T-0
—— | —————_—_ ______
*sotog
wowlerT orld
* gg 07 Og
* G€ 0F 0€
* 0€ 0} GE
* &@ 0F 02
* 02 94 EL
* GT 97 OT
* OT 04g
“ G OFT
*SUIOT IL
ur qydeaq
170 Part III-—EHighth Annual Report
Common Das (Pleuronectes limanda).
" Of the 2156 specimens of the common dab obtained, 332 were of adult
size and 1824 were immature. The distribution of the young individuals
of this species presents a curious contrast to that of the yonng of the long
rough dab. Immature common dabs are found pretty generally distri-
buted both in the in-shore and off-shore waters, and in depths to about
twenty-five fathoms ; but they are proportionally more numerous in the
territorial than in the extra-territorial waters. ‘The average number per
shot of the trawl was 23°5 within three miles from shore, and 14°6 in the
waters beyond. ‘The in-shore waters may therefore be said to be nurseries
for this flat-fish—but not to the same exclusive extent as in the case of
the plaice. ‘The average number of immature individuals per shot was
28°8 at distances under one mile from shore, and 18°5 at distances of
from one to three miles. The young were proportionally more numerous
at distances between twelve and eighteen miles, where the average per shot
was 39°0. Even on ground twenty-two miles from land they were relatively
very numerous. In regard to depth, the distribution is pretty equal up to
twenty-five fathoms. In deeper water immature specimens appear to be
comparatively scarce, althcugh a considerable number between two and
three inches in length were taken on Smith Bank.
Considerably more than half of the young dabs were under three inches
in length, 348 of these being about or a little over one inch long. ‘These
very small specimens were got in deep as well as in shallow water, chiefly
in May, February, and March; and they appear to occur in patches or
‘nurseries. In one haul in eighteen fathoms, four miles from shore,
77 between one and two inches long were captured in May; and
in another haul in March in fifteen fathoms, five miles from shore,
97. On the other hand, in May, 83 were caught in one haul
in water under four fathoms deep and less than a mile from shore.
Eighteen specimens between two and three inches long were caught in
June twenty-two miles from land.
These facts as to the distribution of immature common dabs agree with
what we know of their spawning habits, for this is one of the few fishes
which spawns in territorial as well as in extra-territorial waters. The im-
mature forms seem to be reared almost anywhere.
Lone Rove Das (Hippoglossoides limandoides).
The number of long rough dabs obtained was 3202, of which 301 were
of adult size and 2901 immature. The distribution of the young indi-
viduals of this species differs much from that of the young of the common
dab, and contrasts markedly with that of immature plaice. The great
proportion of young long rough dabs are found in off-shore waters,
an average of only 2°8 per shot being caught within the three-mile
limit, as against 45°5 per shot beyond. ‘There isa gradual increase in
their numbers up to a distance of twelve miles from shore. Similarly,
the greatest number was obtained in deep water (thirty to thirty-five
fathoms). It was the only young flat-fish obtained in the deep water
of the Moray Firth—fifty to fifty-five fathoms.
Nearly eighty per cent. of the immature long rough dabs were under
three inches in length, no less than 1501, or considerably over half of
these obtained, being about two inches long; the greater number of the
very small specimens were obtained in deep water in September, February,
March, and April, scarcely any being from water of less depth than
twelve fathoms, and the majority from water about twenty fathoms deep.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 171
For instance, 173 little long rough dabs, from one inch to an inch and a
half in length, were obtained in May, in one haul in twenty fathoms, four
miles from shore ; and 61, equally small, in September, in twenty fathoms,
at six miles from shore. In October, 250 under two and a half inches in
length were taken in a haul in twenty-four fathoms, at the mouth of the
Forth, five miles from shore. Ten miles from shore, 165, between two
and three inches long, were captured in May, in one haul. Specimens
under three inches long were got in fifty fathoms, twelve miles off.
It may be therefore said that the immature long rough dabs show a
converse distribution to the young plaice. They are comparatively scarce
within the three-mile limit, especially near shore, and exist in numbers in
the deep off-shore waters.
Toursor (Rhombus maximus).
The evidence as to the distribution of immature turbot is chiefly of a
negative character. Only four specimens, each about sixteen inches long,
were obtained by the special net, and they were caught in about four
fathoms of water about a mile from shore. I have carefully examined the
records of the ‘ Garland’s’ trawling work for the past two years, in order to
ascertain as much as possible about the distribution of immature turbot.
The total number of turbot obtained during the ordinary trawling opera-
tions of the ‘Garland’ in 1888 and 1889 was 56, which shows how
scarce this fish, once abundant in the Firth of Forth, is becoming. The
largest specimen was twenty-eight inches long, and the smallest nine and
a quarter inches (in St Andrews Bay), the next smallest being thirteen
inches. The total number under eighteen inches in length, and there-
fore presumably immature, was thirty-one, most of them ranging about
fifteen or sixteen inches. Most of the smaller specimens were got near
the shore in St Andrews Bay, in water under ten fathoms deep. In
the Firth of Forth turbot were obtained only near its mouth. It is a
curious circumstance that no very small turbot have ever been obtained
by the ‘Garland.’ The special fine-meshed trawl-net, and the ordinary
trawl-net, which retains large numbers of immature plaice and dabs, have
been very extensively employed in the territorial water, and only one
turbot under thirteen inches has been captured. Where are the young
turbot between three and twelve inches? Professor M‘Intosh records the
capture of one specimen, five and a half inches long, by a salmon stake-net
near St Andrews; but I think it will be found, on the East Coast of
Scotland at least, that the great majority of young turbot are on the off-
shore grounds. It will be seen from my report on the Spawning and the
Spawning Places of Marine Food Fishes (p. 257) that the turbot spawns
at great distances from the coast. The eggs of the turbot are pelagic, and
float at the surface of the sea, but none have been obtained in the tow-
nets of the ‘Garland’ near shore. According to Professor M‘Intosh, the
young fish—up to at least an inch in length—are likewise pelagic * (thus
differing from nearly all other flat-fishes at this size) and may be carried
long distances by marine currents, but few, I think, reach the sandy beaches.
It has been sometimes stated before the Commissions on fishery questions
that thousands of young turbot may be found at some places in the shallow
waters and pools on the beach, and that they are largely destroyed by
shrimp fishers, This statement appears to stand in need of confirmation,
for it is easy for the uninitiated to mistake the young of a very common
species for the young of the turbot or brill. Buckland, however, states that
he has seen ‘ turbot, brill, plaice, and soles, not much, if at all, larger than
‘a thumb-nail’ in such situations.
* Report of Commission on Trawling, 1885, p. 60.
SE Se A a Se SE Ra SEE SL, ST oe .
2 ae
172 Part LI1—Highth Annual Report
Brit (Rhombus levis).
The evidence as to immature brill is also negative. Only one
specimen was obtained in the special net, and it was twenty inches long.
During the past two years the ‘Garland,’ which works chiefly in the
territorial waters, has captured seventeen specimens of this fish. The
smallest was nine and a quarter inches in length, and was taken in com-
paratively shallow water in St Andrews Bay in March. Ten specimens
were obtained by trawlers while Mr Scott was on board, the smallest,
which was eight inches in Iength, was caught in deep water twenty-five
miles from land. The largest specimen obtained by the ‘ Garland’ was
twenty-four inches long. One, twenty-three inches in length, was fonnd
to be ripe in May at the mouth of the Forth, within two miles from shore,
so that spawning may occasionally occur in territorial waters. There is
little doubt, however, that brill spawn chiefly at considerable distances
from shore, and it is probable that the young are chiefly to be found
there. If small brill frequented the territoral waters to any extent, some
would have been caught in the ‘Garland’s’ trawl. Only two of the larger
sized immature individuals were caught in territorial waters ; one of these
was thirteen inches, and the other sixteen and a half inches in length.
Professor M‘Intosh mentions* that the smallest specimens landed by local
trawlers, who fish in St Andrews Bay, were about ten inches in length.
OTHER Frat-FIsH.
Immature individuals of other flat-fish were obtained in numbers too
few to enable anything definite to be said as to their distribution.
These were flounder (Pleuronectes jlesus), witch sole (P. cynoglossus), little
sole (Solea lutea), and sail fluke (Arnoglossus megastoma). No
flounders were captured under seven inches in length; the four im-
mature individuals were found in shallow water close in-shore. The two
immature witch soles were obtained in a depth of twenty fathoms, ten
miles from land. The little soles were all captured in the Moray
Firth, mostly at Smith Bank, in the off-shore waters; a few were,
however, obtained from the in-shore grounds. This species is chiefly
interesting from the fact that it may reach maturity and spawn when
only a little over three inches in length. Adult specimens would un-
doubtedly be popularly classed as ‘ immature fish.’
SKATE,
Sixty-three specimens of skates and rays were obtained in the special
net, and 433 in the ordinary trawling operations of the ‘Garland’ in |
1888 and 1889, but small specimens were scarce.
It would appear, from an examination of the records, that immature
skates and rays are found almost equally in-shore and off-shore. In the
case of the thornback (Raia clavata), they are rather more abundant in
deep off-shore water. The smallest thornback ray obtained was three
inches broad ; of the two specimens of this size, one was got near shore,
and the other ten miles off. Nearly all the very small thornbacks got |
in the Firth of Forth were caught near its mouth. The smallest starry
ray (Raia radiata) was three and a half inches, and it was obtained
eight miles from shore. The smallest gray skate (2ada batts) was six and
a half inches, caught within four miles from shore. The smallest speci-
* Op. cit., p. 361. 3
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. Le
men of the sandy ray (Rada circularis) was three and three-quarter inches
broad, and was got in shallow water in St Andrews Bay. !t is probable that
very young skates and rays frequent rocky bottoms, where they are born
and where the trawl cannot work. No ‘purse’ has ever been got in the
trawl-net. The number of skates and rays is rather increasing than
diminishing.
Rounp FIsHEs.
The total number of round fishes captured was 27,906, of which 589
were of adult size and 27,317 immature. As has been said, the great
number of immature round fish was due to the presence of a vast shoal of
small whitings in the Firth of Forth in the autumn of 1889. The
distribution of the immature round fish, according to the depth of water
and the distance from shore, is shown in Tables V. and VI. They were
found in the deepest water examined and in the shallowest, and at all
distances up to twenty-two miles from shore. As in the case of immature
flat-fish, but to a more marked degree, the proportional abundance within
three miles from shore is less than in the waters beyond; but it would
appear that they are relatively less numerous than young flat-fish (chiefly
dabs), when the distance from shore is above twelve miles or thereabout.
The average number of immature round fish per shot within three miles
from shore was 93°6, while beyond that limit it was 383°5. The greatest
number were taken between three and six miles off (434°7 per shot). At
distances less than a mile comparatively few were obtained (22:9 per shot).
At twenty-two miles from land, where there were a considerable number
of immature flat-fish (dabs), no immature cod, haddock, or whiting, and
only a few immature gurnard, were captured. The same result is brought
out when the depth of water is considered. Comparatively few were
obtained in the shallower or deeper waters, the greater number frequent-
ing water of from twenty-five to thirty fathoms deep. There appear to be
considerable differences in the habits of the young round fishes, ¢.g., cod
and haddock, especially when only a few inches in length; and this
subject is well worthy of further inquiry.
Cop (Gadus morrhua).
The number of cod captured by the net was 454. Of this number
12 were of adult size and no less than 442 were immature (under twenty
inches). The immature cod were found to be most abundant at distances
between three and six miles from shore, but they were fairly numerous
within three miles off. The average number per shot of the net was 2°7
within three miles, and 5°5 in the waters beyond—a much larger propor-
tion for the former than in the case of haddocks and whiting. Young
cod also frequent quite shallow waters. By looking down the column in
Table VI. it will be seen that they gradually increase in abundance from
close in-shore up to between three and six miles off, and then diminish in
numbers. In regard to the depths of water, the same regularity is not
apparent. Immature cod were obtained in all depths up to fifty-five
fathoms ; the greatest number were obtained in water of from ten to
twenty fathoms deep. In the two hauls made in July, in above fifty
fathoms (twelve miles from shore), fifteen young cod under three inches
in length were captured. Table IV. shows that the larger proportions of
the immature cod were under five inches in length, 62 measuring only
two inches. Young cod under three inches were obtained in February,
March, April, June, July, and October. Most of the specimens under four
inches long were found in comparatively shallow in-shore waters. In one
haul, in July, about a mile and a half from shore in the Moray Firth, 52
174 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
young cod under three and a half inches were caught, twenty-eight of them
ranging between 1? and 2} inches. On the other hand, at Smith Bank,
twelve miles off the shore, in twenty fathoms, a few young cod from
one inch to one and a half inches were captured in May. In 1889 in
the ordinary trawling operations of the ‘ Garland,’ 694 immature cod were
captured, the majority being obtained within three to six miles from
shore.
Very young cod may be obtained in great numbers quite close in-shore
on rocky ground among seaweed, especially during summer and autumn.
Happock (Gadus xglefinus).
The young haddock seems to have different habits from the young
whiting and cod, and to frequent different ground, most of them being got
in deepish water at a distance from shore. Of 575 haddocks obtained,
451 were immature, and 124 of adult size. The average number of
immature individuals per shot within three miles from shore was only
0-3; while beyond the three-mile limit they were twenty times as
abundant, the average being 6°3 per shot. None were got in water under
ten fathoms in depth; the great majority were captured in depths
between twenty-five and thirty fathoms. Immature haddocks therefore
are not numerous in the territorial waters. They are not apparently
found, like the young cod, among the tangles at low water. Of the 451
immature specimens, 347, or seventy-seven per cent. were under five
inches in length ; 22 were under three inches, and seven one inch or under.*
The seven of or under one inch in length were captured in one haul in the
Moray Firth in July, fifteen miles from shore, and in water thirty
fathoms deep, on ground where a large shoal of haddocks were
discovered spawning at the end of March. In July the territorial
waters in the Moray Firth were also examined, but not a single young
haddock was obtained in any of the several hauls made. If it were the
habit of the young haddock to frequent the territorial waters, one would
have expected to discover individuals derived from the shoals which
spawned some twelve miles off in March. The great majority of those
four and five inches long were caught in water of between twenty and
thirty fathoms depth, and from four to ten miles from shore. It is note- —
worthy that very few specimens were captured between six and ten
inches in length. Only four between these sizes were obtained during
May, July, September, and October; while 345 smaller specimens and 155
larger were caught during the same months. In February, March, and
April, however, individuals under five inches were very rare, and those
between six and ten inches much more common. Nearly all the speci-
mens under five inches in length were captured in September, at the
mouth of the Firth of Forth and up to ten miles outside it. Larval and
post-larval stages of the haddocks have not yet been detected in tow-net
collections. Professor M‘Intosh, our greatest authority, states + that no
young haddocks have hitherto come under notice until they were over
two inches in length. It would appear, therefore, that the pelagic life of
the haddock is limited, and that they soon seek the bottom, and, probably,
chiefly rocky ground (where the trawl cannot be used) some distance from
shore.
* These very small specimens were unfortunately not preserved.
+ ‘The Development and Life-History of the Teleostean and other Food Fishes,’
Trans. Roy. Soc., Edin., vol. xxv. pt. iii., No. 19, 1890.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 175
Wuitine (Gadus merlangus).
“ The observations regarding the distribution of. immature whitings are
of much interest. Altogether 26,475 whitings were obtained, of which
296 had reached adult size, and no less than 26,179 were immature. In
the autumn of last year the ‘Garlan1’ discovered the presence in the
Firth of Forth of a vast shoal of young whitings, mostly ranging in size
from three to five inches, as many as 3606 immature individuals being
captured in one haul of the net. ‘This shoal was pretty equally distri-
buted over the bottom of the firth, except in the shallow waters close to
the shore, where comparatively few were obtained. It extended, one
might say, like a sheet from Oxcar lighthouse to some eight miles
beyond the Isle of May, a distance of thirty-six miles. Twenty miles off
May Island not a single immature specimen was obtained while this
- shoal was present in the firth. The great proportion were obtained
between Inchkeith and May Island, in water of from fifteen to thirty
fathoms. I have calculated the number present in this shoal, based upon
the number obtained in about thirty hauls of the net, and the area of
the bottom where they were found, and the result is certainly astonish-
ing, showing that above 230,000,000 of immature whitings were
present in the Firth of Forth and neighbouring waters in September
1889. It shows to what an extent the territorial waters may serve
as a nursery for the whiting. As has been said, comparatively few
were found in the shallow water or close in-shore (Tables V. and VI.).
The average number per shot at distances within a mile off the shore was
161; at distances up to three miles 85:9; from three to six miles 421°'3 ;
from six to twelve miles 373°1; and from twelve to eighteen miles 19:2.
The largest number was obtained in water of from twenty-five to thirty
fathoms deep, the average number per haul being 841°7; comparatively
few were got under five fathoms depth.
In the preceding May immature whitings were fairly numerous in the
Firth of forth, but the majority of these were over five inches in length,
and very few were under three inches. Over ninety per cent. of those
composing the shoal in September, on the other hand, were under five
inches in length. The smallest specimens obtained were two inches
long. In September the in-shore grounds off the Aberdeenshire coast
were also examined, but very few immature whitings were obtained.. In
October there was an obvious diminution in their numbers in the Firth
of Forth. In February, March, and April of the present year (1890) while
young whitings were fairly numerous, especially near the mouth of the
firth, they were very much less abundant than during last September,
and the majority of them were five or six inches long. It would appear
that the shoal gradually dispersed at the beginning of winter. In regard
to the origin of this immense shoal, it must be borne in mind that the
whiting spawns in March, April, May, and June, and a pelagic specimen
one inch long has been captured by the tow-net in September.* The
observations in the preceding May showed that there were few very
small whiting in the Firth of Forth at that time. It is difficult to
understand how the great shoal of September could be caused by an
incursion from off-shore of fish spawned the previous season. The young
whiting may have come from rocky places, and been recruited by those
spawned in the neighbourhood of the Firth of Forth from three to six
months before.
* Report on the Pelagic Fauna, by Professor M‘Intosh. Seventh Annual Report,
Fishery Board, Part III., p. 808, 1889.
176 Part III —Eighth Annual Report
GURNARD (Trigla gurnardus).
The number of gurnards captured was 391, of which 151 were adult,
and 240 immature. The greater number were taken in shallow water
(under five fathoms) near the shore, but specimens seven inches long were
found in water over thirty fathoms deep and twenty-two miles from land.
Only about twenty-seven per cent. of those obtained were under five inches _
in length, twenty-five specimens were three inches, and five two inches
long. Most of these very small specimens were found in shallow water,
but a few were taken in deep water at a distance from shore. The greater
number were captured in May and June. Of those at or under three
inches, the majority were taken in May and June. Two of the five under
two inches were obtained in March and the rest in May. These must
have been spawned in the previous season. The gurnard spawns on the
East Coast of Scotland from January to August, but mainly in June, and
both in the territorial and off-shore waters. Its floating ova are not in-"
frequent in the Firth of Forth and St Andrews Bay, and they have
been obtained in the tow-net as far off as 65 miles from shore.
Line (Molva vulgaris).
Only three immature ling were obtained. They were seven and twelve
inches lony, and were captured in deep water at the mouth of the Forth
in September. While very young ling seem to be sometimes got among
the tangle in shallow water, the presence of immature forms in the
territorial waters may be considered uncommon. This agrees with what
we know of the spawning habits of this fish. They spawn chiefly in April,
May and June, at distances varying from 10 to 170 miles from shore.
The floating eggs have been obtained twenty-five miles from shore. Very
small pelagic specimens are occasionally caught in the tow-net.
SAITHE OR Coat-FISH (Gadus virens).
Only ten immature specimens were captured. They were all obtained
in July in water under six fathoms deep, near the shore, in the Moray —
Firth. The smallest specimen was one inch long, and the largest four and
a half inches. It is known that, at certain parts of the coast, young
coal-fish swarm around the shores, especially on rocky tangle-covered
ground, but few are captured by the trawl.
OTHER FISHES.
Above 7000 other fish were obtained besides those enumerated above.
Eight specimens of the cat-fish (Anarrhichas lupus) were caught in the
special net, and fifteen in the ordinary net. The smallest specimen
was fourteen inches in length obtained in May at the mouth of the Forth.
The largest specimen measured forty inches. Specimens of from twenty- —
seven to thirty-seven inches long were found mature or partly spent in
the Firth of Forth in February.
Twenty-eight specimens of the frog-fish or angler (Lophius piscatorius)
—one of the greatest enemies of the food-fishes—were captured in the
special net and a very large number in the ordinary net. There were
very few small specimens among them. One specimen measured five
and a half inches, and was caught in twelve fathoms three miles from
shore. Three specimens were nine inches long; a considerable number ~
were from fifteen to twenty inches, but the greater number were above |
mid
.
;
’
a"
gg
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. uy Wg
twenty inches, some being over four feet. Considering the abundance of
the adults, it is remarkable so few small frog-fishes are caught in the
_trawl-net. It is probable that this is due to a difference of habit between
the adults and the young, the smaller individuals frequenting rocky in-
shore ground, where young cod, coal-fish, &c., abound. When a little
larger they will not be much attacked by predaceous fishes.
Only one immature hake (Merluccius vulgaris) was obtained. It was
four inches long, and was taken at the mouth of the Forth in May, in
fourteen fathoms of water. Itis not a common fish in the neighbourhood
of the Firth of Forth.
One specimen of the John dory (Zeus faber), three inches in length,
was caught in the Firth of Forth in ten fathoms in September.
Thirty-one specimens of the sand-eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus) were
obtained. Ten were under four inches in length—mostly caught in about
fifteen fathoms ; one was eleven inches long.
Sixty-five specimens of the dragonet (Callionymus lyra) were captured.
Forty-one were under six inches in length, nineteen under five inches,
and two under four. A few of the smaller were obtained in shallow
in-shore water ; the majority were taken in about fourteen fathoms at the
mouth of the Forth in May.
Of the Pogge (Agonus cataphractus) 168 specimens were caught ; of
these 102 were under two inches. The smallest specimens were obtained
both in deep and shallow water, in-shore and off-shore, in February,
March, May, June, and July. Small specimens of the rocklings, brassie,
hag-fish, pipe-fish, Lumpenus, &c., were also captured.
In July, in the Moray Firth, in a depth of fifty-three fathoms twelve
- miles from shore, twenty-one hag-fishes (Myaine glutinosa) were obtained. —
Eight of these were eleven inches long, and nine teh inches. The two
smallest were seven inches.
Of more interest are the herrings and sprats. Altogether 5011 young
herring were captured in the special net. The largest caught in the
trawl was seven inches long (two in May) and the smallest two inches.
In September, in Aberlady Bay, in water under four fathoms, 2294 young
herring between two and three inches long were captured in a single haul.
In May also, in shallow water near Portobello, 185 were caught in one haul.
In March 180 and in April 778 were taken in single hauls near the
same place. In March 1042 were taken in one haul near Oxcars, in
water of about seven fathoms depth. Although the herring is a pelagic
fish, and pelagic in its young stages, it appears to be a bottom-feeder
at certain periods of its life. ©
911 sprats were taken in the trawl, most of them about three inches
long. Like the herring, they were chiefly found in shallow water in-
shore, in March, April, May, June, and October.
CoMPARISON BETWEEN THE TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-
TERRITORIAL WATERS.
From what has been detailed above as to the distribution of immature
fish, it is obvious that the territorial waters and the waters immediately
adjacent form to a large extent nurseries for them. They contain the
| seed for future harvests. It is clear, however, that the in-shore grounds
on the East Coast, at all events, do not act as nurseries to the young of
| all fish. The young of turbot, brill, ling, and, curiously enough, haddock
| appear to be practically absent from them. On the other hand, immature
' plaice and common dabs, whiting and cod abound. ‘The case of plaice is
i interesting. We already know a great deal regarding the habits of
Bree Sh . . Mm
,- 3 . i geet , : zk
" aa, igs on hh ee
’ if y a None se,
178 Part III—Eighth Annual RRO
"3 important food-fish—its spawning and spawning grounds, its toe a
c. (vide, pp. 230, 260); and it has now been seen that the territorial —
hae are the great nursery for its young. %
I have made a careful analysis of the observations at_ grounds offshore, R-
which shows the comparative paucity of immature fish in these regions.
Altogether thirty-three hauls were made at distances of between eight and a
twenty-two miles off, and in water varying from twenty-seven to fifty-three _
fathoms. The average number of immature fish per shot is as follows:—
Plaice, 0:1 ; common dabs, 9'0 ; long rough dabs, 21:0 ; cod, 0°8 ; haddock,
2°8 ; . whiting, 32°5, The large average for whiting was caused by the fringe 4 :
of the shoal present in the Forth in September. The results at Smith —
Bank, where shoals of plaice, cod, haddock, little soles, &c., spawn in succes-
sion in spring, are of much interest. This bank lies ata distance of about
sixteen miles from shore in water twenty fathoms deep. Twelve hauls of © :
the special net were made in May, June, and July, and the total number of ©
immature fish captured was 231, or an average of only nineteen per shot —
of the net. Thirty-eight were round fish (cod, whiting, and gurnard) and —
193 flat fish, comprising lemon soles, common dabs, and long rough dabs, —
but almost entirely common dabs, and not a single immature plaice. AYA
considerable number of adult plaice, lemon soles, haddock, whiting, de., —
were obtained. Smith Bank, therefore, although a great spawning —
ground, is remarkably destitute ‘of immature fish. a
Another bank examined lies about twenty-two miles east of May Island, |
opposite the mouth of the Firth of Forth, in about twenty-four fathoms of
water, Six hauls were made here in June, September, and October, and ©
although adult plaice, lemon soles, dabs, cod, haddock, &c., were obtained, - 3
there were very few immature specimens, ‘only 96 being captured, which gives —
an average of 16 per shot. Immature cod, haddock, and whiting were —
present only in October, and immature gurnard also in June and ~
September, the average per shot being only three. The average for flat-—
fish was thirteen, and they consisted almost entirely of dabs. Between —
this bank and May Island eight hauls were made. Immature fish were e
relatively more numerous than further off, the average for young flat- fish
being 55:2, and for young round fish 132° 5. Three immature (but large-
sized) plaice were obtained, and two young lemon soles, but the eran 4
majority were dabs, especially long rough dabs.
Four hauls were made in May and July in deep water—up to fifty- faved
fathoms—in the Moray Firth, twelve miles from land. The only adult
flat-fish obtained at this depth were common and long rough dabs, and ones
witch sole. The only immature flat-fish were longrough dabs, of which
there were seventy-three, the smallest being three inches i in length, obtained —
in July. There were also fifteen young cod ; the smallest, two and a half
inches in length, was caught in July. There was only one immature
haddock, two ‘and a quarter inches long, in May ; and fifty young whiting,
the smallest being five inches in length. In the same neighbour idl
but in water twenty-eight fathoms deep, from eleven to fifteen miles
from shore, four hauls were made in July, for comparison with those made
in deep water. Only thirty-seven immature fish were taken. The eh \
consisted almost entirely of long rough dabs, the smallest of which was
tour inches long. There were also three common dabs, the smallest bein o
two and a half inches in length. There were no immature plaice, There e
were also two young cod, six young whiting, and nine young haddocks.
The smallest cod was two inches long and the smallest whiting four inches.
All the haddocks were tiny, two were one and a quarter inches, two one
and one-eighth of an inch, and three only three-quarters of an inch.
These are, I believe, the smallest haddocks yet obtained anywhere.* é ig
* Vide footnote, p. 18. There is some ae about the specific diagnosis 0
these young gadoids. a
~ enna
Wy, Tet eet mr an VE eee Wore So 4 ee ae. ON ee
Vy bah a i yar he i I hats a my ALT AML J
OWED eR | ROW wie dike * Tegel? 5 Pavel
1B at, aa | \ ‘
of the Fishery Board Jor Scotland. 179 a) |
_ IV. THE CAPTURE OF [IMMATURE FISH BY VARIOUS MODES Ss i
OF FISHING.
_ The chief modes of fishing with which the capture and destruction of me |
/ immature sea fishes have been associated are beam or otter trawling, SRS
| shrimp fishing, seine-net fishing, stow-net or bag-net fishing, and the a |
fishing with kettle-nets and weir-nets. It has also been stated that line + OR
fishermen land large quantities of immature fish.
I. Beam-TRAWLING. fe wh
The complaint that this mode of fishing destroys vast quantities of im- Re = |
mature fish is of old standing, and most of the legislative enactments , a ||
) which have been passed on the subject have been directed against it. In |
| the Report of the Commissioners in 1866, already referred to, it is stated that
they are satisfied that while ‘ trawling in the open sea involves the capture
‘of a certain very variable proportion of immature fish,’ it was not ‘ waste-
‘fully destructive.’ Nothing definite is said as to their capture in bays
and estuaries, except that ‘there is reason to think that, in bays, the
_ trawl brings up a larger proportion of small fish than when used in the ‘aaa
open sea,’ The first scientific inquiry on the subject was made by Professor a
M‘Intosh in connection with the Trawling Commission of 1884. A full ‘aga
account of his investigations is given in Appendix A of the Commissioners’ | Ret |
Report. |
The general conclusions arrived at by Professor M‘Intosh were that the
trawlers did not kill a very large proportion of immature fish, and that ret)
what they did kill was mainly the common dab and the long rough dab ; -, K
and that line fishermen killed a larger number of immature round fish
than did the trawlers. 74
I have analysed the results obtained by the ‘ Garland’ while carrying | iy
on the trawling experiments, but the number of immature fish obtained 1, Gee
by it is probably greater in proportion than would be obtained by an ordi- - Pre
nary large trawler, from the fact that the net used has a smaller mesh. i
The ordinary net of the ‘ Garland’ is 51 feet long, and it is attached to a 25 oo ees
feet beam. The largest meshes are 3 inches from knot to knot, and the .
smallest 1} inchesin the codend. ‘The size of the mesh in the net used by.
steam trawlers varies. In those made use of in Professor M‘Intosh’s
inquiry, the mesh towards the beam was 24 or 3 inches from knot to knot,
and 14 at the cod end. In recent years the mesh has been enlarged. On
Py a
4
.
. |.
a ,
mature round fishes were.captured for every five adults.
.
total number of plaice, lemon sole, dabs, haddock, cod, &c., obtained was
20,254, of which 13,837 were of adult size and 6417 were immature. Of
the total, 14,684 were flat-fish and 5570 round fish. Of the flat-fish, 9801
were of adult size and 4883 immature ; thatis to say, among flat-fishes one
Of the round fish, »
4036 were adult and 1534 immature ; or, in other words, about two im- -
These results are ,
immature specimen was captured for every two adults.
I
x
shown in the following Table :—
mi
| the East coast of Scotland it is usually from 6 inches on the square to 33 eva
- at the cod end. I am informed by Mr A. W. Maconochie that the Ae
| meshes run from 4 inches down to 14 inches at Lowestoft ; and that the 3 hs
_ Grimsby smacks, which fish in the more distant parts of the North Sea, oy
use nets with meshes from 6 inches down to 3 inches at the cod end; ae
while the smaller class of vessels use a mesh of from 54 to 24 inches. a
| In 1889 the ordinary net of the ‘ Garland’ was shot above 150 times at et
| the trawling stations in the Firth of Forth and St Andrews Bay. The 2: f
=
aa i Moras a, Pe
Ma! St? SE Se
7S
brought out. Seventy hauls were made at the latter stations, and twenty
Stations in
Waters, . mi) 88 | 178] 4 | 777) 28 11064) 59) 71... 1185 | 10
EE SPE a ELE: ANS ea) tees bt Ye :
w bth oe i, 7 ity . i
; . Sibert 2 ea
180 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
Grand Total. Flat-Fish, | Round Fish.
yg a i a ea de On
Flat-Fish.|Round Fish.| Mature. | Immature.| Mature. | Immature.)
Firth of Forth, 8396 4826
6652 1744 3517 1309
St Andrews Bay,| 6288 744 3149 3139 519
Totals, | 14,684 5570 “| 9801 4883 | 4036
The proportion of immature to adult round fish in the comparatively —
shallow waters of St Andrews Bay was slightly less than in the Iirth
of Forth; while the proportion of immature to adult flat-fish was about
four times greater—the immature being almost equal.in numbers to those —
of adult size. The very large proportion of immature to adult flat-fish is
due to what has been stated under the section on distribution, namely,
the great preponderance of immature plaice in the territorial waters
where the ‘Garland’ was chiefly employed. Thus, of the total of 4883
immature flat-fish, no less than 4433 were immature plaice, as is shown
in the adjoining Table. BS,
AF eS ‘
Plaice. Sole. Dab. Sole,
Tn a,
Long ; peut
Lemon | Common. Rough |Flounder. Witch Turbot. | Brllag
Dab. )
Se
_— [qKHy———_ |], ——!/ S| § S| eee | | SE SCS
a
=
i—a
°
Fr
Forth, 2297/1534) 932) 37 |1823) 106)1448) 52 | 42} 7/99! 8] 6 4
St Andrews |
Bay, 1811/2899) 10 1706} 211 | 121) 24 1 D
—
—_— [qq | ————_ |! —_ ——|§/_ ee | eS | SS TT CO)
3608/4433) 942) 37 |8529) 317/1448 52 | 163) 31 | 991-347) 91.6 | :
The number of immature specimens of other flat-fish is comparatively
small. The proportion of immature to mature dabs contrasts markedly —
with the results obtained by Professor M‘Intosh in 1884; but in that —
case immaturity could not be determined by the Professor strictly in
relation to a fixed size, but rather by the judgment of the eye. Two of ©
the Forth trawling stations lie beyond the mouth of the firth, one about —
six miles and the other about ten miles from shore. When the numbers
obtained at these two stations are contrasted with the numbers obtained
at the stations within the territorial waters, a striking difference, is_
at the off-shore stations. In order to make the comparison complete, ta
have therefore multiplied the numbers actually obtained at the off-shore,
stations by three and a half, with the following results :— Rf
Sole, Dab.
——————— rf ff |
Im. Mat. Im. |Mat.| Im. |Mat.
Long ,
Plaice, | Lemon (Common! Roush |Flounder.| “ih | purbot,
Dab. N
| | LL | |
Firth, . as 881) 36 ale 1144) 35 | 40 | 7 | 46/..)] 61,4.
Stations in
Off - shore
nae Pi Mit ly SEEM
eh at ata,
181
i. 4 , of the Fishery Board for Scotland.
The proportion of immature to adult plaice captured on the off-shore
grounds is very much less. In the territorial waters of the Forth the
- proportion was about two immature to three adults ; in the off-shore waters
about one immature to seven adults. The proportion of immature
lemon soles to adults was about half what it is in the territorial waters.
The proportion of immature common dabs was also much less, but the
proportion of immature long rough dabs was much greater. The smallest
immature plaice captured on the off-shore grounds was nine and a half
inches in length. In the stations within the Forth proper the smallest
was six inches, but there were very few caught of that size. In the
| territorial waters the smallest lemon sole caught was six inches long,
the smallest flounder six inches, the smallest long rough dab three and a
half inches, and the smallest common dab three inches—but very few
| dabs were under five and a half inches. It may be said that this net
very rarely captured flat-fish under six inches. In St Andrews Bay,
| the smallest plaice obtained was four inches and three-quarters in length ;
one common dab only two and a half inches long was caught. As an
- example of the abundance of immature plaice in the territorial waters of
St Andrews Bay, the results of one haul in about five fathoms in
November may be mentioned. Altogether 566 plaice were captured, of
_ which 552 were immature. There were 145 eleven inches in length;
- 107 nine and a half inches; 228 eight inches; 66 six and a half inches,
and 6 four and a half inches. The largest obtained was fourteen inches
and a half long. The greatest proportion of immature to adult plaice
occurred in St Andrews Bay in summer and autumn. In the three
months, January, March, and April combined, the proportion was 573
adults to 288 immature; in June 139 adults to 583 immature; in
| August 334 adults to 921 immature; in October 151 adults to "BBD
| immature; and in November 114 adults to 752 immature.
| The details of the 1534 immature round fishes taken by the beam-
trawl are given in the following Table :—
;
ye
| Cod. | Haddock. | Whiting.) Gurnard. | Cat-fish.| Ling.
Mat.| Im. | Mat. | Im. |Mat.| Im. | Mat. | Im. |Mat.| Im. |Mat.| Im.
321 | 916/199 | 31| 5] 4] 1
—_ —_—
Firth of Forth, . |182 ee 1352 | 94 |1082
St Andrews Bay, | 10 | 5] 30 3 | 14) 39 | 465 | 198
ts Potals, ise 694 |1382 | 97 |1046.360 |1381 | 377 | 8.) 5.) 44 1
|
The proportion of immature haddocks captured was not very large
(under seven per cent.); that of whiting was larger, being about one to
a every three adults ; while nearly four immature cod were caught for
every adult. Sixty-five of the ninety-four immature haddocks caught at
the Forth stations were obtained at the off-shore grounds, chiefly in
qT September, October, and November; the others being got at the mouth
q of the Forth. On the other hand, only thirty-six of the immature cod
| were off-shore, the great majority being caught well up the firth, The
~ majority of the immature whitings were also caught in the firth proper,
_ mainly from August to N ovember.
| The smallest cod taken in the net was four inches and a half long, in
| November; there were a few at six and seven inches, and a considerable
-}) number at nine and ten inches. The smallest haddock was four inches
i in length. ‘Six of this size were captured at the off-shore stations in
i
Pim, “
+ aS §t oe ;
ee Re a ee ST ——
o> 2 6
SS ee ee
*S-
> ee
cae Sarit Wea
‘ a ; ; :
* a ~£ =} tad ie
a - — “2
A es Se
SSE) 5S Fe
th MO FO MD RR | xs
=
*
==
-_
ax
a =e ae
ea eo
j - . + ae A‘ r y
, ‘ ' oa oe ZN * i is rm. 3 ies
iN wi i ¥ % fey Py ey} a oe 4 2M
' 4 t hi 2 5 ve ot ‘ NS
t es sion er Sp ° pede bak)
he - ri ¢ vi
182 Part I1I—EKighth Annwal Report
August. There were several five and six inches long, and many more
eight and nine inches. The smallest whiting taken was three and a half
inches long, but there were only two or three at this size. A large
number were six and seven inches long. The smallest gurnard was
four inches, taken in August; there were many about six and seven
inches. The gurnard is rarely taken in the trawl in winter or spring.
Its first appearance wasin April, the numbers rapidly increased from June
to August, and it had practically disappeared in November.
From what has been said, it is obvious that the use of a beam-trawl.
with a mesh similar to that of the ‘Garland’s’ net captures a large
number of immature fish, especially plaice and cod. It may be said
generally that it will capture the great majority of flat-fishes above six
inches in length, and large numbers of round fishes above six or seven
inches, and a few of both much below that size. Further, if employed
in the territorial waters, it will capture far larger quantities of immature —
fish—especially plaice and lemon sole, dabs, flounder, cod, and whiting—
than if used off-shore. .
There are two important practical points in this connection in regard
to which the observations on board the ‘Garland’ are of value. The
first concerns the relation of size of mesh to the capture of immature fish ;
the second refers to the condition of vitality of the immature fish after
the contents of the net are emptied on deck—that is to say, to their
destruction as well as their capture.
Mesh of Net.
It has not unfrequently been stated that the mere enlargement of the
mesh of the trawl-net has little effect on the proportion of small fish
taken. It is contended that contraction of the meshes from the strain
on the net and the accummulation of sea-weed, &c., bar the escape of
small fish. But that the enlargement of the mesh undoubtedly allows —
small fish to escape in great numbers may be at once seen from a com- —
parison of the results of the employment of the small-meshed net (p. 163, e¢ _
seg.) and the ordinary trawl-net on board the ‘Garland.’ The two nets _
were used on exactly the same grounds and during the same months of the _
same year, and the proportion of immature fish captured in the small-
meshed net was about twenty-two to one adult, and in the ordinary net
rather less than one immature to three adults. In the Firth of Forth, in
September 1889, the small-meshed net captured thousands of immature
whitings at a single haul (vide, p. 175). The ordinary net working amidst
this shoal captured only fifty-eight immature whitings in a whole month, —
although the beam of the net was seven feet longer. Similarly, very few of
the smaller immature specimens of other food-fishes were taken by the —
ordinary trawl-net, while large numbers were captured by the small-meshed _
net (p. 165). The sizes of the smallest specimens captured by each net —
are shown in the accompanying Table.
\
| 3 |
.|2]a
oa ~ :
Size of Mesh | " slg 3 i 3 ‘3 a z
in Cod End. | 8 | S| 2} wo | 8/3 » PSU a oT Se
Sete SIZES shelves
Bacher“) to Epa al | Flo | m)e [a
in. | In. | in. jin.) in. | in. | in. } in. | in, | eee
Ordinary net, . | 1} inches, . | 48 | 6 | 25 | 383] 6) ..: | 45) 4135) 4°
Special net, . |) Zinch,, .| 3}: 4) Lp 1p @ | Pee Py ae | 2 2 fe
Sess
Living. Dead.
Kind of Fish. ie
| Number, | Size in Inches.{ Number. | Size in Inches. | ni ;
Ratatat (Skate 2 4. 12 -134 4 154 ‘ ( |
PPT atbA eB Sy c2 41 104-11 és A Bill
7 a9 ”? vee ; : Ae
h. (-})Flounders, — . i 1 i,
the ground, the length of time the trawl has been down, and the condition —
in the following Table :—
hi ; j 1 6 cea
/ Common Dabs, 6 9-11 19 7 Sieg
en bentlh: eae 32 7- 8 a 6 We
» Lemon Soles, . ABT Sua Sa teae 10 42 11-14
| Long Rough Dabs, 9 -) u 8 -10 ae
| ie 11 64-7 : ee
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 183
| The Vitality of the Fish.
The question whether the immature fish brought up in the trawl-net
retain suflicient vitality to enable them to live if returned to the sea
is one of very great importance. Professor M‘Intosh, in his observations
in 1884, paid special attention to this. He states generally that the
proportion of the living to the dead varies according to the nature of
of the weather and the sea. On clean sandy or hard bottoms nearly all
were living ; on muddy bottoms nearly all were dead. Most of his
remarks, however, refer to the fish generally, adult and immature ; Re, 5
and they may be briefly epitomised. The trawl was generally kept ae pe
down for between five and six hours, occasionally above seven hours, ‘et ea
frequently two or three hours. All the skates and rays were alive;
cod were almost always alive, if large, some small codling were
dead ; of haddocks, about a third of the large ones were alive, the
smaller appear to have been mostly dead; most of the whitings—in
some cases all—were dead; most of the ling were alive ; most of the
common dabs and long rough dabs were dead ; turbot were as a rule
‘active ; the brill were all alive; plaice were usually all alive ; as were
also the soles and lemon dabs. In cases where the trawl was down
beween two and three hours on clean ground the fish were all alive.
On board the ‘Garland’ the net is very rarely kept down more
than two hours and a half, and most of the fish are alive, the whitings
succumbing first. In order to test the effect on the vitality of the fish
of keeping the net down longer, a haul was made for four hours in ’
from 8 to 20 fathoms. ‘The condition of the fish as to vitality is shown on
iE A eS
Sa > ee
2 a ee a
J
N=}
j=
“I
BP at ee St el Seat TE ee
a eae BAS ee es ee ie y
itu J ~ 5 an Sar . fez %
oo
Ne)
+
?
eat,
en ee i ee ae ee
Piel e%
- rh
~
7
_
si
took
lor)
ee
jin .
eg: ae =
=
Es a S ee o A
ef2= , ae i
Soe im a Mead wee.
Cy Sg
ne oy
“ oe? s
ee ie wre a
~* ~ —
Ga peewee * tence es. -*
Se D eK ae EE AD
ee we ae
a.
a
ee
KDW RF OFWROP RP WOH OH WOH et
ie
j=
oO
EE STALE St RAZ Ie ES ae Cena | PON ee ie
’ . ; ome tie by se" vom | ~ AY ch MN RRO tose
. < h 24 7 ~o at Del, a bY wre nT i Migey
184 Part III—HBighth Annual Report
Of 470 fish taken, nearly half died while their condition was being G
recorded. All the round fish, large and small, rapidly succumbed. |
Ninety-six out of 240 flat- fish also perished, especially the dabs and
lemon soles. The plaice showed remarkable vitality, only 4 dying. It —
is noteworthy that it was not always the immature specimens which
succumbed first. Thus fifty-four immature plaice and one immature
flounder were living, while four adult plaice and one adult flounder were
dead. The only immature flat-fish which was dead was one lemon sole.
The bottom where this haul was made consisted of mud and shells,
and it was therefore unfavourable. But Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.S., who
conducted the experiment, states:—‘ Very few, if any, of the fish were dead
when the trawl was hauled up, but many died very soon,’ as the record
was being made. It would appear, therefore, that many of the fish that
escape death in the trawl die rapidly while lying on the deck. What aa
is their chance of vitality if returned at once to the sea? The
experiments: which the Board have carried on as to the migratory move- —
ments of fish probably throws some light upon this question. About —
1000 fish caught in the trawl after its being down from one to twoanda _
half hours have been labelled with brass labels and replaced in the sea ~
(vide, p. 353). Of 333 plaice labelled, 8 are known to have been ~
recaptured alive months afterwards; of 33 cod and codling, 3 have been
recaptured ; of 43 lemon soles and of 220 dabs, none have been retaken. —
It is probable that a large number of dabs succumbed after being replaced
in the sea. Comparatively few haddock and whiting were lively enough
to label. Aa
The importance of the above observations is related to this question:—
If any regulations be made for beam-trawlers to return immature fish to
the sea, are the fish likely to live or to perish? As the beam-trawl is —
now worked most of them would, I think, almost certainly perish. ig
Besides the observations made by Professor M‘Intosh, referred to
above, there is very little scientific evidence as to the immature fish cap-
tured by beam-trawlers in their ordinary operations. I instructed Mr T. 4
Scott, F.L.S., while on board steam-trawlers for scientific purposes, to
measure the smallest fish obtained by the trawl; but from the rapidity a
with which the operations of sorting out the fish, ‘&e,, are performed, this _
was found to be impracticable. However, while on board the ‘ Southesk,’ —
which belongs to Messrs Johnston & Sons, Montrose, and works almost
entirely off-shore, he kept notes as far as possible. In March 1889, 1310 —
haddocks were got in one haul in the Moray Firth. ‘The average size of
these fish was 16 inches, and very few were as small as 10} inches.’
These fish, however, belonged to a spawning shoal, and few immature —
individuals would be present. The smallest round fishes recorded during o
this voyage in the Moray Firth were cod, 12 inches ; whiting, 65 inches —
(‘ exceptional, very few so small’) ; haddocks, 94 inches ; ; gurnard, 83 —
inches. The smallest flat-fishes were :—Plaice, 6 inches (one specimen) ;
common dab and long rough dab, 6 inches ; lemon sole, 10 inches ; witch 3
sole, 8inches. In April, twenty miles from Montrose, the smallest haddock i
recorded was 12 inches, the smallest cod 12 inches, ‘the smallest whiting go
9 inches, the smallest ‘witch sole 12 inches, the smallest lemon sole 11.
inches, aha the smallest dabs 64 inches. From the abundance of dabs, tk eo
size of the smallest caught may be taken asa test of the capacity of the net te
allow small fish to escape. It would therefore appear, from the rather im-
perfect evidence obtained, that the net of at all events the ‘ Southesk at
steam-trawler ouly occasionally captures fish under six inches in length. .
The evidence in regard to the capture of immature fish by the be m-
trawl may be thus formulated :— |
A RSNA Lt BN hy, Oe arMate hg PT RIA a bw OMT AN
We ky Ry wd f Z , ed y
wh
a’
é
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. — 185
1. That, especially in inshore waters, immature flat-fish and round-fish
ey be captured in large numbers by the beam-trawl.
2. That relatively more immature flat-fish than Nid cag round-fish are
taken.
3. That, on the East Coast of Scotland, immature flat- faba of all kinds
are caught by the beam-trawl; but especially, in regard to absolute
numbers, immature plaice and dabs, and in regard to relative proportion
of immature to adults (a most vital point), chiefly plaice, flounder, lemon
sole, turbot, and brill.
oe 4, That very large numbers of immature cod are captured, especially in-
' shore ; also considerable quantities of immature whitings and gurnards,
and fewer immature haddocks.
| 9%, That the ordinary trawl-net, used by large beam-trawlers, probably, in
ordinary circumstances, captures very few fish under 6 inches in length.
. 6. That the size of the mesh of the trawl-net, per se, exerts a most im-
| portant influence on the proportion of immature fish captured.
7. That the majority of the immature fish captured by the beam-trawl,
as now used, would probably perish if returned to the sea.
SHRIMP FISHING.
Much complaint has also been made against the various modes of shrimp
fishing, as highly destructive to immature fish. This mode of fishing is
carried on usually in verv shallow water close to the beach, where small 44
flat-fish abound; and I think it is admitted on all hands that large
quantities of these fish and of irnmature round fish are taken in shrimp-
| nets. It is said, however, that the great majority of these immature fish
| do not belong to the valuable kinds, and that they are returned to the ri
water alive. it ee
Be. Shrimp fishing is much more common in England than in Scotland.
In England it is largely practised at various parts of the coast both by
hand cr push-nets, and by beam-trawls, which in some places are dragged
in shallow water by horses. Shrimps are also caught in bag-nets or stow-
nets. In Scotland, the only place where shrimp fishing is carried on is in
the Solway Firth, where about sixty boats are engaged in it. The net
used is a beam-trawl, with a beam of about 20 feet in length, and
| the small meshes of the net are about 4 inch from knot to knot. Pike wera
The Fishery Board last year sent. one of the naturalists (Dr J. H. Aue
ae Fullarton) to inspect the Solway shrimp fishing, and the small fish, &c., : ts
| taken in several hauls of the shrimp-nets were subsequently sent to me by
_ one of the fishermen, and were tabulated by Mr Peter Jamieson. The
small fish in five successive hauls are here shown.
om ‘) roll Whiting |
| netic? Sole. | Plaice. |Flounder. cheery and Cot,| Pogge. | Sting-fish.
Date. | Water in |————— | —-——— |
| Feet. Size Size Size Size Size Size Size
‘ 1889 No.lin Ins, lin Ins.N® in Ins. % lin THs,|" * is Ins|N-jinIns.| N° in.Ins
June 6 8-10 4| 3-6 me 33-6 | 1 MMi aearhy ays 2 | 33-6 | 16 | 34-6 3 23-3
, at 3-12 7 | 23-5 2-51] 1| 3% 1| 4% 4 2 119} 2-4 9 2-3 ,
OS TY ei so RN ae Ma 1611 1| 63 | 2] 53 |... | .. | 50] 28-43} 23 | 22-32
27 LOA i ena terdae. th AON Mae late toed [4 wee 1} 2} 5| 3-4 3 3
\J uly 10 8-10 ofa) eb) ADA ke.2 BE |... | eee | 44 | 25-33) 5 | 3-3BR). 2 3
y ———_ | << —_— | — | | —_ | | TT |
1
for)
a
~
fon)
ive}
on
1s
io)
=
Oo
to
U
ws)
be
oe") Le
eh ae
‘ . a
ws 7
o-* .
7
a | Fiusid a the fish enumerated, there were also a few pipe fish, herring
(23 inches), sprats (33 inches), crabs, young cuttlefish, young mussels, &e.
ti is clear from this table that =e shrimp trawl-net captures considerable
~
=
=>
PS et ot:
as oe
e
Pe dt - van wea
Pi ee ry AYES lg ee gm ree solos Tere De itetg SS fits Kole
Ail at eee ROS RRR Ce iid *
186 Part IIL—Kkighth Annual Report
numbers of very immature fish. In fact, in this TeSpert it is comparable _
to the special small-meshed net used on board the ‘ Garland ’ in the experl- — .
ments on the distribution of immature fish. The Solway shrimp-net, |
however, working close in-shore in a few feet of water, captures young
plaice, &e., in greater numbers, for they are more abundant i in the shallow —
water. It is noteworthy that more young soles (Solea vulgaris) were —
taken than young dabs or flounder, some of them only two and three- —
quarter inches in length. This fish is rare on the East Coast. The young
plaice numbered 178, or an average of nearly thirty-six per haul, the
largest being six and a quarter inches and the smallest two inches.
There is no doubt that when the number of boats and nets used in ©
shrimping around the coast is considered, the capture of very small imma- .
ture fish, especially flat-fish, by them must be enormous. There are
probably at least 2000 trawl-nets used (frequently two and even four bya
boat), besides a large number of push-nets,-ground seines, dc. Mr A. W. |
Maconochie informs me that the shrimp trawls used in the Grimsby district
have meshes from one inch at the beam to half an inch at the cod. But
much smaller meshes are elsewhere used, running from five-eighths to a
quarter of an inch. The shrimp trawl is kept down a very short time ©
(usually from fifteen minutes to a little over an hour), and a number of —
hauls may be made in a day. ‘The immature fish enumerated in the ~
above table might all have been easily got in the course of a forenoon. |
If we suppose that each of the trawl-nets around the coast takes an equal
number, we shall find that the shrimpers capture daily fully 400,000
immature flat-fish, probably over half a million. It is beyond doubt, at all —
events, that enormous numbers of very immature flat-fish are taken in
shrimp fishing, and that the great majority are worthless as food. A very ©
important question to determine, therefore, is :—Does this mode of fishing —
involve the destruction as well as the capture of large quantities of —
immature flat-fish? This is in reality the crucial question ; and it is to be
regretted there is very little accurate evidence relating to it. From the
fact that the trawl-net is kept down so short a time, and that it is almost _
_ invariably used on a clean bottom, it may be inferred that very few of the —
immature fish are dead when the net is hauled, and that if they were
at once returned to the sea a large proportion would live. But thisis not —
always done; at the best there is often much delay, and with impaired —
vitality the chances of the young fish surviving are greatly lessened. The —
general practice is to riddle the shrimps (the gauge of the riddle varying
very much in different places) and to return the small shrimps and fish to
the sea. But the riddling is not always done immediately the net is —
hauled ; often not, indeed, until the shrimps are taken ashore, and some-
times not until they are boiled. a
In France a committee was recently appointed to investigate the.
relation of shrimp fishing to the capture of immature fish. This com- MB
mittee last year reported to the Minister of Marine, on behalf of the ‘a
h Consultative Committee on Marine Fisheries. * They state that the
shrimp trawl destroys great quantities of immature fish, especially flat- mn
fish, and that its excessive use at certain parts of the coast has been ~
followed by a marked decline in the productiveness of inshore fishing. _
They further state that even although the young fish are returned im- —
mediately to the sea they do not survive their rough usage ( Srowssements) te
and perish. The prohibition of this mode of fishing is strongly urged, and
the employment of an ingenious trap recommended. This trap, which has %
ML
* Rapport adressé au Ministre de la Marine au nom du Comité Consultatif. ‘aa
Péches maritimes sur la vulgarisation de Vemploi @Engins pour la péche bie la
chevrelte, par MM. Giard et Roussin. : ‘ete
*
wie ‘
i is ie hae aS
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. | 187
been in use since 1861 in some places, is made on the principle of alobster-pot,
consisting of a barrel-shaped frame, 75 centimetres (about 30 inches) long,
and covered with netting having meshes 19 millimetres (nearly two-fifths
of an inch) wide. There are openings at each end, and bait is suspended
within, A hundred boats at Croisie, each attending to from 25 to 30 traps, .
land on an average 80,000 kilogrammes of shrimps annually, between Ist
May and 31st October, valued at 220,000 francs. If this system, which
is entirely innocent of the destruction of immature fish, has been so
successful in France, it should be tried in this country; and I hope to
make experiments with it in the Solway.
It has been shown above that shrimp-trawling involves the capture of
very large quantities of immature flat-fish, and the possible destruction of
considerable numbers. Before, however, any attempt is made-to deal
with this mode of fishing by enactment, it would be prudent to have a
thorough inquiry made into it. The main points to be determined are (1)
what are the quantities of immature fish captured, especially of the more
valuable flat-fishes, such as soles, plaice, turbot, and brill; (2) what is
the proportion of those captured which are destroyed by. the ordinary
practice, and how may this destruction be avoided. The inquiry would
involve experimental observations as to the vitality of the immature fish
captured, at intervals after capture, and when returned to the sea. I
hope to undertake an inquiry of this nature in the ensuing season.
3. Line FISHING.
It is frequently stated that line fishermen land large quantities of
immature round fish, especially during certain months of the year. The
inquiries made by the Fishery Board into this subject have been by (1)
the collection of special statistics as to the fish landed in certain districts ;
(2) experiments in line fishing on board the ‘Garland’ (during my
inquiry into the value of different baits), In the statistical inquiry
the fish were not measured, but were classed into ‘large,’ ‘small,’ &c.,
by the fishery correspondents. These terms are capable, no doubt, of
latitude in interpretation ; but the statistics referring, as they do, to very
large quantities over considerable areas, are of value. In order to
bring the terms into relation with the sizes of immature and adult
fish, I give the following Table, prepared by one of our most experienced
fishery officers, Mr John Murray, of the number of inches’ which divides
large from small :—
Ling, : ; : oD) Hah bat. .o'45'4 36
Hake, j : ‘ 24 | Brill, } ; 12
Saithe, . - : . 24 | Lemon sole, ; eet)
Haddock, . , ; ; TOM Phareee ; . , igi
Whiting, . : : 1a Witches? : : 1]
- Cod,. Pie f ; 24 | Skate, d , 35
Turbot, ‘ ; 17
The statistics syAiteblel are (1) those of the recive: cod and
haddock fishery for the past six years; (2) those showing tle fish
landed during 1889 in the Leith, Anstruther, and Aberdeen districts ;
(3) those kept by the fishermen of certain boats fishing on the East
~ Coast.
The Buckhaven statistics show the monthly quantities of cod and of
large haddocks and small haddocks and whitings landed since 1884.
In the six years, 1884-89, 33,288 shots were made; the following Table
gives the average number per shot of large haddocks on the one hand,
_ and of small haddocks and whitings on the other.
a gata ols a hr (aia ae hee yy Ue ie te eet kde Fk Nae ee
Sedthans +
a ae LDS
; ‘ .
. “"y Fe == x be tng
. s oe . . 7 ° :
oe ee a aa ae ar oS Say ot. ea oa ae as - : : é
3 ‘ Je. © ex *3 i=" oF al - ie Sr 2, *: Re a J - ¢
“- ass 7 =< _ ; \ > 5S = bed ¢ “
. i 4 - P - 4 para & 3 any 5 <= Ante 2 — ee < —
- > — saimitcies ee aS, ¥ oe cae
2? a ae ree — 7 = —- : 2 Sia ——
<i ae > ee Oe ee ae
188 Part IIL—Eighth Annual Report
Average number Average number
\ of large haddocks of small haddocks
per shot. and whitings per shot.
1884 : ‘ : 22°1 3873 ie
1885 5 : : 23°4 221°5
1886 , A : 31°8 147-0
1887 : : : 42°8 208°9
1888 3 5 p 62°6 228°4
1889 j é : 80-1 68°4
Thus, according to these statistics the number of small haddocks and of
whitings captured by hook and line greatly exceeds the number of large
haddocks taken. We have seen that the maximum size of immature
haddocks is about ten inches (p. 163), and that the limit of size of the
‘small’ haddocks referred to above is also estimated at ten inches. If the
term ‘small’ were interpreted rigidly according to this standard, the
Table would show that line fishermen capture very large quantities of
immature haddocks. But the Table includes whitings of all sizes,
as well as small haddocks; and reasons will be given later, which
indicate that the haddocks classed as ‘small’ include large numbers
of small adults as well as immature.
The same result is brought out when the special statistics kept by the
fishermen themselves are examined.* For instance, one boat in the
Aberdeen district landed 205 scores of very small haddocks, during the
last fifteen days of July; 357 scores in August, 659 in September, 763
in October, and 120 scores in the first two days of November. Thus, a
single boat, within a period of sixteen weeks, captured considerably above
20,000 small haddocks. This boat also landed in six days, nearly 4000
very small whitings, and another boat landed as much as twelve ewts. of
very small haddocks on a single day. It has been estimated that at
m EL, ma —
w ; A p 1a emo ean 2
S| 2 |S2/elel8] |Bealesal 2
: S BoP Bay [eros ee aS are Sore
ite Se. oe | Sal eee deere | gee
District. 5S 5S = = if Ble} |o] & 3 _& 2) i
© fons >) © =| ee Oo) os |2d-2Ie o-n Es
pO a Sh OR A 1a ee ee oe ae ee eee
a )€ | 38 a4 Sia pate eeiees ee
Leith. ewts. | cwts. | cwts. | cwts. | cwts. |cwt.|cwt. ewt.lewt.| ewt.
1. Territorial, . | 3,222} 826 | 8,182} 903) 4,004) 4 1 2| ... | 1,653
2. Extra - Terri-
torial, . . | 29,495} 3,141 | 14,816} 1,158) 8,169} 126) 15 | 797) 87 | 685
32,717) 3,967 | 22,998) 2,061 | 12,173) 180) 16 | 799) 87 | 2,338
Anstruther. ae
1. Territorial, i 11,158) 4,717 | 10,889} 889) 5,978) 3) 1 7| 2) 2,144) 572 |
2. Extra - Terri-
torial, , - | 40,558) 2,884 | 12,629) 1,024] 3,786
51,716] 7,601 | 23,518| 1,923] 9,764 “151
Aberdeen.
Territorial and
Extra-Territorial, | 19,258) 1,383 | 20,333) 7,761 | 14,624) ...} ...] ... |... “i 16
Grand Total, . 103691/12 ,951 | 66,849/11,745 | 36,561) 300) 56 |1200) 238] 4482 1179 18, 13,254 237
* Vide Sixth Annual Report, pp. 45, 46, 1888,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 189
Aberdeen in 1887, line fishermen landed 20,425 small haddocks and
small whitings as compared with 16,485 large haddocks and whitings.
Other statistics also show that large numbers of small round fish are
taken by hook and line. The totals in 1889 in three districts are given
in the table on the opposite page, the fish caught in the territorial waters
f being distinguished from those caught outside. Although the actual
numbers of small round fish set forth in these returns is great, it is very
small if the proportion between large fish and small fish is considered.
The statistics of the absolute and relative amount of small fish caught by
/ hook and line vary in different years, in different districts, and for different
kinds of fish. It must not be assumed that this statistical division into
| ‘large’ and ‘small’ represents mature and immature fish.
Bs);
The ‘ Garland’s’ Experiments.
The experiments in line fishing carried on on board the ‘ Garland’
were conducted with great care, each fish obtained being measured and
| the length recorded. The line used had 1800 hooks baited with a great
\ variety of bait,* and was shot on twenty-seven occasions from August to
| March, in water of from 6 to 30 fathoms, and at various distances from
shore. 2046 fish were obtained, namely, 745 haddocks, 639 cod, 260
whitings, 1 ling, 1 saithe, 19 gurnards, 1 dragonet, 374 common dabs,
4 plaice, 1 lemon dab, and 1 brassie (Gadus luscus). Omitting the less com~
mon forms the proportion of immature to mature fish was as follows :—
| : : Mature. Immature. —
a Haddock, . d ; 676 67
Codes. d ; : ; ; 34 605
Whiting, ; aie ts ; ; 229 31
‘ Common Dab, : : : 374 0
Gurnard, : : A , ; 19 Om
1332 705
It will be seen that the proportion of immature haddocks and whitings
obtained was small, being about nine per cent. for the haddocks, and about
_ eleven per cent. for the whitings. On the other hand the proportion of
immature cod captured was very large, only about five per cent. having
7 reached a size at which reproduction was possible. It is remarkable that
t not a single flat-fish under six inches was caught. All the 374 specimens
| of the common dab were six inches or more in length, and therefore fall
) into the category of adult fish, although a few were six and a half inches
| and seven inches long. The general average was between eight and nine
| inches. The four plaice and the one lemon sole were adult.
I A large proportion of the haddocks and whitings were very close to
} the minimum size of maturity ; many of these may never have spawned.
| There is little doubt that in the statistical returns, referred to above, a
| large proportion of these would be classed as ‘small’ fish. Most of the
I. immature haddocks were taken in about twenty fathoms near May Island.
Some of the cod captured were very small; there were a large number
at nine and ten inches, several at six inches, and one as small as four and
a half inches in length. PY
The general results of the inquiry into the quantities of immature fish
captured by line fishing may be thus summarised :—
1. Considerable quantities of immature round fish, especially cod, and
at some seasons, haddocks and whitings, are taken by hook and line; but
except in the case of cod the proportion of immature to adults is not great.
_ * Vide Report on Bait Experiments, Seventh Annual Report, part iii. p. 352, 1889,
y
tq hele
ve tee Oke i
Leone SS on Re Ta ae ee {
ty Aa as nie RN MBE WA sie 2b |
TERNS 8 SSSI OEE Ss Ree moa ee ree Pre
, ~~" 2 A Ld
ith vue ue 4
} BESy Pe Bh eh) By aa ig
7 4 ‘ I he ey sa Te a
‘ meray ee Rte ey ¢
190 ~ Part IIL—Eighth Annual Report
2. Comparatively few immature flat-fish are caught by hook and line
and those are mainly the commoner and less valuable kinds.
4, Stow-NET OR BaG-NET FISHING.
This method of fishing is largely practised in estuaries for whitebait,
sprats, sparling, shrimps, &c., and undoubtedly captures large quantities of
immature fish. Whitebait consists in Scotland almost entirely of young
sprats and herrings, the proportions varying at different seasons. From the
great size of the net and the small mesh, almost everything that is carried
into it by the current is retained. The most elaborate inquiry into the
capture of young fish by the bag-net was made a few years ago by Mr
Bottemanne and Dr P. P. C. Hoek, the scientific adviser on fisheries to
the Dutch Government.* In certain parts of Holland bag-net fishing is
extensively carried on, the nets being much larger than the stow-net used
on the Thames. The fish which were captured by these nets during Dr
Hoek’s inquiry, included flounder, plaice, sole, herring, sprat, shad, eel,
lamprey, sparling, dace, perch, &c., but no young whitings, cod, or
haddocks were taken, owing apparently to the brackishness of the water.
The contents of the net were carefully examined on eighty occasions,
between March 1886 and June 1887. The very small unsaleable fishes
consisted mostly of young shad, herring, sprat, eels, gobies, &ce.; but
jaree numbers of very small flounders were captured. In one shot in
March, these small unsaleable flounders numbered between 7000 and 8000.
Few young plaice were taken. In June there wasa ‘handful,’ the
largest measuring 80 millimetres in length. A few young soles were
also caught in June; but from the brackish nature of the water the two
latter fish are very scarce. Nearly all the fish, and all the young fish,
are dead when the net is hauled. In Holland, and also in Germany,t
bag-net fishing is largely resorted to for catching a mixture of all sorts of
young fish (‘nest,’ ‘grus’). They are used for bait for eels, and also to
feed hens, ducks, and swine. » The conclusion of the Dutch report above
referred to is that the bag-net fishing is prejudicial to the abundance of
fish in the river; but that from the condition of the river and its bank
it is impossible to catch the fish by other engines. It is not proposed to
prohibit the fishing, but to limit the number of nets (which can easily be
done, as the water is rented in lots from Government), and to strictly
enforce the close time from Ist April to lst June. Dr Hoek looks upon ~
the Zuider Zee as a great spawning place for certain fish, and as a great
nursery for the young; and he aims at the ideal of abolishing all modes
of fishing which cause great destruction of immature fish.
While bag-net fishing undoubtedly involves the capture of immature
fish in immense quantites, it would appear that these are not to any large
extent the young of cod, haddock, whiting, or flat-fish, with the exception _
of flounders in certain places.
5, WEIRS AND Grounp SErNES, &e.
Fixed nets or weirs on the shore—salmon stake-nets, &c., and the
ground seine, are all said to be very destructive to young fish, The
evidence given before the various Royal Commissions shows that large »
numbers are thus taken ; but no scientific inquiry has been made into
the subject. Professor M‘Intosh mentions that young turbot have beem. x ef:
captured in the salmon stake-nets at St Andrews. ae
a
* Rapport over Ankerkuil- en Staalboomen-Visscherij op het Hollandsch Diep en— “9
Haringvliet, Lieden, 1888. a: ¢
+ Prof. Metzger, Ueber Steerthamenfischerei in der Elbe, Weser und Ems, op. cit. oat
p. 257.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 191
V. SUMMARY.
1. It has been shown that the complaints as to the destruction of
immature fish by trawling and bag-net fishing are many centuries old,
that many enactments have been promulgated in connection therewith,
and that at present there are no restrictions in Britain as to the capture
of immature sea fish, except, perhaps, by the exclusion of beam trawling
from the territorial waters of Scotland.
2. I have also shown that an immature fish may be large or small,
and that the maximum size of immature fishes varies very much in
different species ; for instance, from 34 inches in the little sole to about
18 inches in the turbot, and 20 inches in the cod; and [ have given a
table showing the largest size of immature individuals of the important
food fishes.
3. The distribution of immature fish has been explained in relation to the
distance from shore and to the depth of water. Their distribution varies
according to the species. JI have proved that the territorial waters, and
especially those portions near shore, where the bottom is sandy, serve as
nurseries for plaice, and that immature plaice are practically absent
beyond the territorial waters. Very young lemon soles, flounders, dabs,
cod, and whiting, frequent the inshore waters; whiting sometimes in
vast shoals. Very young cod, and also common dabs, may exist in
numbers at a distance from shore. Immature long rough dabs and
haddocks are there most abundant. There is no evidence that very small
turbot, brill, or ling, frequent the territorial waters at the parts of the
East oank sherds the observations were made; although fairly large, but
immature, turbot and brill are found in the ‘territorial waters. ‘At off-
shore fishing grounds there is a paucity of immature fish, except dabs and
occasionally haddocks.
4. Beam Trawl.—lI have shown that the beam trawl, with a mesh of three
inches towards the beam, and a mesh of an inch and a half at the cod end,
is capable of capturing large numbers of immature flat-fish and round-fish ;
and that immature plaice and cod especially, are taken in inshore waters
in very large numbers with such anet. In the net used by the best class
of beam trawlers, considerable numbers are also taken, although the
evidence is not as definite or extensive on this head as one would desire ;
few of these seem to be under six inches in length.
The size of the mesh, yer se, exerts a most important influence on the
proportion of immature fish obtained.
The majority of the immature fish taken by the beam trawl! as now used
would probably not survive if returned to the sea.
Shrimp fishing involves the capture of very large numbers of immature
flat-fishes, probably 400,000 in a single day’s fishing all round the coast ;
these are especially plaice, but also soles, flounders, ‘and dabs; a consider.
able proportion of these are destroyed.
Line fishing involves the capture of a considerable, but not excessive,
quantity of immature round-fishes, especially cod; but comparatively a
very small proportion of immature flat-fish.
Bag-nets capture immense quantities of young herrings and sprats
(whitebait), &c., but relatively few flat-fishes,
Weirs, Seines, é&c., capture in some places immense numbers of imma-
ture fish, which are largely destroyed.
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
In considering the facts given above as to the capture of immature
| fish, there are several preliminary matters which require attention.
£
"
=-
-
: Aa fi eo . ey > on . : —
eR PRE ae ES ate et MRE \ ig Ey RE ee seh oe S es Stee? a ;
ware Bs A % ~ : ~ d As ewe ‘ wis Ney ; : bie oa oS aS ; S Pca F <
tel Rae br MBBS oe Wises Pt i. — > = ‘eo? = PL 5 ete ae Se
-*«* + te En Ae 3 ow Se = ir jue. a See ~ e Ja ees wee “ Ae Sao wo
— i = —— a. = sad we . ¥ : = . 3 wit zg ~
BE AG
, -
~ —-,
>
—". a a
Dili ee tS ASS a
pages;
iy -
b Pe wk od
A pw, *
SES Ae:
2 ee ae SD eS
pas AED Vee AY Ase oh Daa eI) y (ine Be pares Cee Ae Sie Re Ly eae
. i a . tek met abe rr 1 7
: » Lh om eyes aie ie es eas
. tout me ty me 1s M . ”
192 Part II] —Lighth Annual Report
The application of the term Immature.
In the first place one must be clear as to what is meant by the term
‘immature.’ It is generally restricted to small fish and fry, and to edible
fish which are too smal] to be saleable. This idea is erroneous. There ~
are two aspects in which the question has been considered; the
biological aspect, in relation to the reproduction of the fish, and the
economic aspect in relation to whether the fish are saleable or unsaleable ‘8 ‘
as food. These aspects have been often confounded and confused. But —
itis very desirable to keep them clearly defined; for many adult indi-
viduals of several of the edible fishes, such as dabs, are practically
unsaleable, while many immature specimens of other kinds are eminently
saleable, Coy turbot, brill, plaice, cod, &e. It is better to restrict the
application of the term immature’ to what it means literally, viz., a fish ©
which has never developed ripe milt or roe—which has never exercised ;
the function of reproduction. The term ‘undersized’ might be applied
to immature fish below a certain size. For instance, cod between one —
inch and twenty inches are immature ; but no one, probably, will advocate
that the sale of all cod under twenty inches should be prohibited, although _
some, like the government of George the First, might advocate the pro-
hibition of their sale when under, say, twelve inches. In that case, cod
under twelve inches would be ‘ undersized.’
The distinction between different species of ish.
Another point is the necessity, when discussing the desirability of
interference with the capture or sale of immature fish, of carefully dis-
tinguishing between one kind of fish and another. Neglect of this truth
has led to many strange conclusions. There is no doubt that certain food- 4
fishes can suffer enormous destruction of their young by man, without the
number of adults taken being sensibly diminished. Millions of immature
herrings are captured annually by bag-nets and cotton surface drift-nets, q
without the catch of adults in succeeding years being much, if at all,
reduced. Millions of immature cod are also annually captured around our
coasts, and their capture is not apparently followed by detrimental
results. It is different with certain flat-fish, such as turbot, brill, sole, and —
plaice. It is generally acknowledged that the admitted falling off in the A
number of these fish is due largely to the de8truction of their young. q
Mere fecundity per se has nothing to do with it—although it is
an argument which has been frequently used by Royal Comimissiong aaa
and others, The female herring produces an average number of about 9
20,000 to 30,000 eggs only, and the cod about 3,000,000. The turbot —
produces about 10,000,000; the sole about 200, 000 and the plaice
about 150,000. Yet the herring can suffer, as we have seen, —
enormous destruction of its young, The cardinal principle which should
guide action in this matter is the relative abundance of the adults. The =
rarer a species the more liable it is to extinction. If any food-fish is proved —
to be diminishing in numbers for a period of years, and if the average size
of the fish captured is also diminishing, then that fish requires protection;
it is an indication that the adults are being fished out and the non-producing
young drawn upon. If it is shown that immature individuals are destroyed _
in large numbers, their destruction should, if possible, and as far as possible, gy
be prevented. Several fisheries have gone through these stages of diminu-
tion in the numbers of adults, and general diminution in size; notably the 2
lobster fisheries, especially in Canada, Newfoundland, N orway, and to
some extent in Scotland. ,
. Pea? ar 20 Pd | ie be a ED Soy nt, Oe =tGy é ee we le A
ou os oe mh eh BY NWahy ie Tyra hee loony /
7 ey tar ite ae A oN ; a
— . ¥ Pie ‘iss } :
: ‘ .
wea }
¥
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. — 193
There is no doubt that hitherto in dealing with this question, too
little discrimination has been made between the destruction of the
young of the different kinds of fishes. One of the chief arguments
used by the Royal Commissioners of 1866 and 1879, and by Professor
Huxley, Mr Buckland, Mr Shaw-Lefevre, and others, is that since the
admittedly enormous destruction of immature herrings, by man, their
enemies, and physical causes has not seriously affected the numbers of
- adult herrings captured by the herring boats, it would be idle to interfere
with the destruction of the young of other kinds of fish. No doubt
when the Report of the Commissioners was issued in 1866 the evidence
of the diminution of any particular fishery was not satisfactory, and
our knowledge of the spawning, habits, &c., of the ted: fishes was very
much less than what itisnow. The Commissioners say:*—‘ It is assumed
‘ that any destruction of fry effected by man bears a large ratio to the
‘ destruction resulting from other causes, an assumption which in several
* eases is, certainly, and in most is, probably, altogether erroneous. Nor do
‘we know enough of the number, the mode of multiplication, or of the
‘ conditions of existence in any locality of any given kind of fish, to be able
‘ to form the slightest estimate as to the effect which will be produced upon
‘the number of that fish by a given amount of destruction of its young.’
Our knowledge, however, has been greatly increased since 1866 ;
-and, while it is not possible to give with accuracy the propor-
tion of young that may with impunity be destroyed in any one case,
we now know that the destruction of immature turbot, sole, brill,
and plaice, should as far as possible be prevented. The arguments used
by Mr Buckland and Sir Spencer Walpole in their Report of 1879 are of the
same character, with especial reference to the abundance of herrings,
despite the destruction of the young. Illustrations are drawn from the
destruction of wheat in the manufacture of bread, the eating of eggs and
of lambs. It is obvious, however, that in the one case we know how
many grains of wheat, how many eggs, and how many lambs must not be
destroyed, and take care that the requisite number is preserved to keep up
the supply ; and although it is gravely stated that ‘fish are more prolific
‘ than wheat,’ it does not follow that in all cases the requisite number of
young fish are left in the sea to keep up the supply. The necessity, above
referred to, of carefully discriminating between the destruction of the
young of the various kinds of fish, is also shown by the argument based
on the capture of whitebait; e.g., ‘if the sale of small fish be prohibited,
‘the law must either apply, or not apply, to the sale of whitebait. If it be
‘ intended to prohibit the sale of whitebait, no further observations seem to
‘ be necessary ; but if, for the reasons which we have already given [the
‘ abundance of herring, &c.|, whitebait are still to continue a legal article of
‘food, we can see no reason whatever for interfering with the sale of other
: small fish.’ Mr Shaw-Lefevre, who was one of the Commissioners in
‘1865, has expressed a similar opinion. He says} ‘The destruction of
‘ whitebait, however, is so great, that in comparison with it the destruction
‘ of all other small fish sinks into insignificance, and it would seem absurd
‘ to take steps to prohibit the capture of other immature fish, while the
‘ capture of whitebait is permitted.’ Such reasoning, however, i is away
from the point, and ignores the natural distinctions between the life-con-
ditions of one species and another. Rats and mice, for instance, are trapped
and destroyed i in every possible way by man : yet the race survives. But
ia the same licence were allowed in the destruction of sheep or deer, these
* Op, cit., p. xxvi.
+ ‘pao on the Sea Fisheries of England and Wales, p. rgd 1879.
£ The Fisheries Exhibition Literature, vol. iv. p. 97, 1884
v1)
/
fa? > alta
os Si
BGP as EW Pot Ee Bet si Wont. MME SURES 2 py ee RaL renee kay
y “! arte. ah: ] ee e A past * Fea
te rw ; th
~ : i. . on for > hy
me 7 Fe oD LM a OD yi Unt. MAL ah ek
of 9 as ) mae > Uiptat a AM pings Wer '
f ‘ ’ " . cea ye
194 Part IIL— Eighth Annual Report
animals would rapidly be exterminated. Another argument liable to. a
abuse is this: the ratio of the destruction of immature fish by manbearsa
small proportion to the ratio of destruction by natural means, and, there- Re
fore, can do no harm. But the destruction of the young by natural causes: 4
is provided for by nature in the fecundity of the species ; for the degree of
fertility in a species is as much adapted to the conditions of its existence i +
as is the structure of its jaws. We have not sufficient knowledge to i:
enable us to state what proportion the ratio of destruction by man “pears ©
to the ratio of destruction by natural causes. In some cases it is almost My a
certainly slight and does not go beyond the margin of waste which nature — a
allows. In “other cases there is little doubt that, although relatively small,
it is sufficiently large to disturb the balance, and to decrease the number
of adults. Each case must be considered separately. Bi
As has been said, there does not appear to be satisfactory evidence that a a
the capture of immature herring, cod, haddock, and most other round fish,
has had detrimental results. But there is now a concensus of opinion
that the supply of most of the valuable flat-fish, such as turbot, brill, R
i
Ae
soles and plaice, has fallen of, in spite of increased efforts to catch them ; me
and it has also been shown that the young are destroyed in large numbers.
The statistics for past years show that the SUD ET, of these fishes has 4
diminished. r
I shall therefore not deal here with the question of the destruction of 4
immature round-fish, but shall limit consideration to the destruction of —
immature flat-fish by shrimping and beam trawling.
Shrimping.
There is ample evidence that shrimping, and especially ice trawling,
involves the capture of immense numbers of young flat-fish, and aa .
destruction of large numbers. The shrimp fisherman works in the ol ‘
where very young -flat-fish abound, and by the present mode of fishing in y
catching the shrimps he must perforce catch the young flat-fish. If it
were possible to substitute the method used in some places in France, and
recommended by the French Committee, of using baited traps instead
of nets (vide p. 186), the capture of young flat-fishes would be cued
avoided.
But how can their destruction by the present methods be dealt ‘
with 2? There is no question here of mesh of net or of avoidance of —
nurseries of young fish. The only satisfactory way of dealing with the
subject 1 is to ensure that the young fish be returned to the sea ” alive and |
vigorous. The French Committee state that in France the fish when i
returned perish ; but I have little doubt their destruction may be avoided
(1) by hauling the net within a given time; (2) by replacing them in the
sea within a given time after the net has Nae hauled. We have not yet, ie
however, sufficient knowledge to fix with any precision at all the aa
of time that might be allowed in either case. The vitality of the various —
species of young flat-fishes varies very much, and a length of time whic bh
might ensure the survival of one kind might ‘be fatal to another,* <. |. a y
Another point of importance which should be determined before any
* Tam aware, as Buckland points out, that there may be practical difficulties 4 in
the way of always enforcing such regulations. In shrimping by night, which is”
practised in some places, the men are cautious of handling the shrimps in the dark
for fear of being wounded by the sting- -fish (Trachinus vipera). Then there is. the
difficulty of managing the ship and trawl] in foul weather, and at the same time pick-
ing out the young fish. But in the great majority of cases the ent 4: could be
carried out without hardship or risk. a
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 195
regulative measure is proposed, is the proportional abundance on the
shrimping grounds of the young of the various kinds of flat-fishes.
Scientitic reasons are given below which render it doubtful whether it is
- wise to attempt to preserve the young of the almost valueless dabs from
destruction ; but there can be no question at all as to the wisdom of
preserving the young of the more valuable flat-fish—turbot, soles, brill,
plaice, &c. It has been shown where young plaice and young soles
abound, possibly young turbot and brill are present in large numbers in
many similar localities, although I do not think the scientific evidence in
favour of this view is as yet conclusive. It is a subject for inquiry, for
the flat-fish nurseries at different parts of the coast differ in the proportion
of the fish composing them. It is very desirable that a careful scientific
inquiry should be made into the capture and destruction of young fish —
by shrimp-nets, seines, weirs, and fixed nets around the shores.
Beam-trawling.
The capture of immature flat-fish by beam-trawlers stands on a different
footing. In dealing with this question I shall consider (1) the actual
capture of immature flat-fish by beam-trawling ; (2) whether and to what
extent this is detrimental, and (3) how it may be avoided. It has been
shown by the investigations detailed in this paper that trawlers capture
large quantities of immature flat-fish ; although almost certainly not so
many very small ones as do shrimp fishers. The trawlers themselves
admit that they kill large quantities of young fish; and they desire to
avoid it. One trawler has stated that he has seen 1000 vessels in the
- North Sea getting at the rate of two or three tons of immature fish, night
__ after night for two or three weeks.* No doubt this picture is largely
exaggerated. The question as to the extent to which the capture of
immature fish is prejudicial, is difficult and complex. I have shown
(p. 163) that a plaice under twelve inches, a turbot under about eighteen
inches, a haddock under ten inches, and a cod under twenty inches are
- immature, and have not performed the function of reproduction. That is
the biological statement of the case. But beyond that there is the
economic side which must necessarily be the final appeal; for the object
is how to obtain year after year the largest possible harvest of food from
the sea without endangering future supplies. There is no question that
a large number of immature fish (such as those named) are eminently
- saleable and wholesome, and in point of fact they now furnish an important
article of diet. The sreat problem is to determine for each kind of fish —
the size which may be allowed to be caught and the size which should not.
In the case of round-fish there is little difficulty ; ; they are abundant, the
very young specimens escape capture by hook and by trawl, and the
supplies are not falling off. In the case of the more valuable flat-fish one
principle can be laid down; that the destruction of young individuals which
are unsaleable, or so small from the economic point of view as to be of
comparatively little value, should be prevented in every way possible.
No one will dissent from that. But is it expedient to recommend that,
say, all turbot under about eighteen inches, brill under about sixteen
inches, and plaice under twelve inches, should be preserved? It must
be remembered that an immature individual approaching sexual maturity
I is of much more value to the species than several which are less developed
Thus more harm will probably accrue by the destruction of one turbot
at sixteen or seventeen inches than by the destruction of a dozen at
* Nat. Sea Fisheries Protect. Assoc., Report of Proceedings at the Conference of
_ Representatives of the Sea Was: Industry, p. 37, 1889.
— So >
> --
<=
ad ie es
é
—
eee
5 gye
tn 4S:
: ‘ © were 3 ; >
- 2 a) a x =4 ¥ = ‘ ~ - a. é
. —_——— c ~ — ~ ~ - a =_ 7
j Ce ES. - a Se a me See Ts - ts < na oe se - 2 ae Se a
- s ae ~ . z : i ta ee es So he = eon, = te E ; ¥. —_ —s > > a é 4
EE a Oe a Nig SRE Ie Ne, PORES BO ime oftn Sim Aha Sea Sa ad ae RE hana RS S80 At aS ’
196 Put IIL—Eighth Annual Report
nine or ten inches, or of a thousand at one inch; its natural chances of
survival to the reproductive stage being so much greater. It is possible —
that in the case of the turbot, brill, and sole, there has been overfishing (or
the capture of too many adults) as well as destruction of the young.
But in that case there is all the more need for the protection of immature
individuals. g
Passing now to the problem of how the capture and destruction of
immature specimens may be prevented, it will be found to be exceedingly
difficult of solution. It might be easy enough to interdict the sale of fish
under a certain size as recommended by the Commission in 1866 under
certain contingencies (vide p. 159). But this will be productive of positive
harm, unless it can be also ensured that the fish under the prohibited size
are either not captured at all, or if, are returned to the sea in such a condi- a
tion as will enable them to live. In the case of line shing there would be ©
less difficulty, for the fish are nearly always active and vigorous when ~
the line is hauled, and the immature forms would almost all live if at
once returned to the sea. But how is it to be carried out in beam- —
trawling ? 9
If immature flat-fish were special in their distribution—if their
nurseries could be defined as apart from the habitats of the adults— —
the problem could be easily solved by the prohibition of beam-trawling —
in those areas. But it cannot be said that the young of the valuable — a
flat-fishes have a special distribution apart from the adults, except to a-
certain extent in the case of plaice. J have shown that immature plaice —
abound in the territorial waters and are rare offshore (unless perhaps at.
certain banks, like the Dogger). Adult plaice are found scattered about —
in the territorial waters—in some localities, as the Pentland Firth, thegl
are said to spawn there—but, relatively to the young, they are far more
abundant offshore. I believe that the prohibition of beam-trawling in — ‘
territorial waters would go a long way to protect immature plaice.. The —
trawling experiments of the ‘Garland’ have shown that while nearly all — y
fish have diminished during the last two years in the territorial waters of
the East Coast, where trawling is prohibited, plaice alone have increased. —
But it is certainly different with immature turbot and brill, and — a
probably also with soles. Young turbot and brill are probably at least as”
abundant at distances from shore as in the territorial waters (vide pp. 17s
172), and it would be impossible to protect them by prohibition of trawling
within defined areas—without at the same time preventing the capture of —
adults. Soles are rare on the East Coast; but from the evidence obtained —
I think it will be found that the distribution of the young at present :
caught by the trawl is not specially in territorial waters or deine
areas. .
On the other hand, if all immature fish were equal in size it would
be possible to prevent the capture of the great majority by simply |
enlarging the mesh of the net (wide p. 182). But a serious difficulty
arises from the fact that the largest immature individuals of dierent
species have very different sizes (p. 163). A mesh which would allow a
immature plaice, witch soles, flounders, lemon soles, and probably sole es
(Solea vulgaris), to escape, and at the same time be capable of capturing 7
the adults, would capture large numbers of immature turbot and bri
A mesh which would allow the escape of all immature lemon sole ae
flounders, dabs, &c., would capture large quantities of immature plaice,
soles, turbot, brill, &ec. Similarly, a mesh which would allow all
immature turbot and brill to escape, would not retain many fully adult
plaice, soles, flounders, &c.—and it would probably not be worth fishing
with it. Ifa size of mesh were fixed which would Aa on the corns ie of
; »
‘ ey. oh
‘ a “" Ag Bey bh
: , é a 3
me 0h VO eee re ee
' Su eke us wai ee eee) wee A Me Pe! Sl ee A Ae ib ae ad
PAYen Ly a Rte Ree Mery . th MEP Gee ee tek ee
45, Bey ty 4) ie at eh Cara sited : tat Pit 4
Bs Vee Ce os Sais
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 197
all flat-fish under, say, 8 inches, many immature forms would not be
caught (vide Table III. p..163), and this considered alone would be an
advantage. The size of mesh necessary could be determined by a few
experiments, It is questionable, however, if the benefit accruing from
the adoption of such a mesh would not be more than counter-balanced by
certain disadvantages. The mesh would capture the smallest adults of
most flat-fishes, but it would allow many adults of the comparatively
valueless flat-fishes; as the common dab, iong rough dab, &c., to escape.
These fishes are abundant on the Scottish coast, and it is shown by Mr
Ramsay Smith in the Report on the Food of Fishes (p. 230) that they
live to a large extent on the same food as soles, plaice, and haddock. |
Would it be, on the whole, beneficial to put a premium on the multi-
plication of these fishes—which occupy ground and consume food capable
of rearing multitudes of other more valuable fishes in order to preserve from -
capture a considerable proportion of immature plaice and soles, and a
moderate proportion of turbot and brill? It isa subject for further inquiry.
It is, I think, obvious that limitation of the size of the mesh will not
alone solve the problem.
Another measure advocated is, as in shrimp-trawling, while allowing the
capture of immature individuals, to pick them out and return them to the
sea, when the net is hauled. As trawling is at present carried on, it is
doubtful if such procedure would be of much advantage. When a net
is down five, six, or seven hours the probability is that at all events most
of the immature flat-fish in it are either dead before they are brought to
deck, or are so much impaired in vitality that they will die before they
can be picked out or after they are returned to the sea. Our knowledge
on this point is not however very exact. Professor M‘Intosh* states that,
during the experiments in connection with the Trawling Commission of
1884, the turbot were ‘as a rule active when freed from the trawl’
and that ‘all the brill and soles were alive and in fine condition.’ He
describes the sole as ‘one of the most tenacious amongst flat-fishes.’
He also points out that no fish was so hardy as the plaice. From an
examination of the records made by Professor M‘Intosh, it appears that
when the net was hauled all the turbot, brill, and soles were alive.
Turbot, brili, and plaice were living after the net had been down as long
as seven hours and twenty minutes on a sandy bottom; all the soles
when the net had been down for five hours even on a muddy bottom.
Some plaice were dead after the net was down for four hours on a
muddy bottom. Dabs succumbed much more rapidly. The vitality of
immature fish appeared to be much less—but turbot, brill, and soles are
_ not included in this class. No turbot, brill, or soles were caught during
the experiment made on board the ‘Garland’ (vede p. 183), but some of
the plaice died before their condition could be recorded ; and it is doubtful
how many would have lived if they had been returned to the sea. In this
connection the routine operations on board a trawler must be borne in
mind.
_ It appears to me very necessary, at all events, that further experiments
should be made before it can be assumed that even moderately sized
immature turbot, brill, aud soles will live when returned to the sea, after
the net has been down a few hours. It would be a mere waste to return
such fish to the sea unless it were certain they would live.
__. From what I have stated in this Report as to the distribution, capture,
. and destruction of immature fish, and from general considerations, I think
. that certain principles may be laid down, and certain recommendations
made. - .
: * Op. cit., p. 858.
Y Pr. eT (ea
'
+
Ss tte he . Pd
pF eae
ant otal
2 =
<=
= seo ae
=
oe
a:
ee
ee
2s aa as , eee Aaig aa Set ee eS ) ah stad 8 225 Maen eee Baer id nto ve beak. gta BRN ee
‘ oi +). Re b yy, Sas ».
¢ ity po\ : x: we Me Hee
| | Shean euikt 5
198 Part ITT.—Kighth Annual Report
1. That the destruction of all immature fish which are not saleable
should be prevented, in all cases possible. ‘
In the case of shrimp fishing, and the fishing by fixed engines along
the shore, an inquiry should be made as to (a) the amounts and ~
proportions of the various kinds of immature fish captured ; (b)
as to the length of time shrimp-nets may be down without the
vitality of the young flat-fish taken in them being seriously a .
impaired ; (c) as to the length of time which may be allowed to
elapse between the removal of the young flat-fish from the sea,
and their being returned to it vigorous enough to live. Lam
convinced that annually many millions of the young of valuable __
flat-fishes are wastefully destroyed by shrimp-nets along the =
shore ; and that it is quite possible to devise a remedy without
imposing hardship on the shrimp fishers. a
Ordinary beam-trawl nets should possess a mesh which is large ~~
enough to allow all flat-fish under six inches in length to escape. ~~
2. That where it can be shown that immature flat-fish of the valuable a
kinds have a special or localised distribution, apart from the adults, or dd
where their preponderance is excessive, beam trawling should be partially —
or entirely prohibited in such nursery areas, unless it can be shown that
the disadvantages are greater than the advantages, -
As yet the only authenticated case of such nurseries being fairly well a
| defined occurs with plaice, the young of which is practically —
confined to the territorial waters. a
3. That, from the biological point of view, the killing cf all turbot —
under eighteen inches; brill under sixteen inches; plaice under twelve
inches ; witch soles under twelve inches ; lemon soles under eight inches, — q
and all immature black or English soles, should if possible be prevented.
And that no measures should be taken to protect the young of the —
, almost valueless and largely competing dabs.* |
The difficulty is to carry out such a principle in practice. The solo *
of the fish may be prevented, but not their capture, and merely
to prohibit their sale would be worse than useless. It cannot
be carried out by dealing with the mesh of the trawl-net alone. a
Experiments should be first made to determine the degree of —
vitality of the various kinds of fish under the sizes named, 4
after the net has been down for a varying number of hours; —
and also the length of time the fish can lie on deck and live
when returned to the sea. All that is required is a large tub of
sea-water on board.+ Should it be clearly demonstrated that
the immature fish named would live when returned to the sea
after the lapse of a time approximate to what now occurs in thed ee.
practice of beam trawling, the enforcement of a regulation —
embodying the above principle would be highly serviceable, —
Certain practical difficulties could be overcome with a little care, 4
Any regulations should be international. ; ae
is 4. In declining fisheries the mere protection of immature individnalall
“ef has not been effective ; it has been found Bey to supplement restric:
tion by artificial cultivation. Be iS
re
¥
a,
Be
iy
* It will be seen from my Notes on Contemporary Fishery Investigations
(p. 359), that the sale of young individuals of certain sea fish has been interdicte dd
ms in Italy since 1877, and in Denmark since 1888; and that the subject is engaging close
aos attention in Holland, France, Belgium, and Spain. The sizes fixed upon aici
¥ and Italy, however, like the sizes adopted in the Act of George I., are more or load
; arbitrary, and do not in reality agree with the distinction between mature and
immature individuals,
hy + Such experiments are now being arranged for on board the ‘ Garland. ;
“g the Fishery Board fos Swtond. ;
This has aa very least dat bunaeied: by the Fee of the Hahaie
or oyster fisheries in Norway, Canada, N ewfoundland, the
United States, Holland, and France. “Restriction to the verge
of prohibition has failed ; and artificial culture has been re-
sorted to. If it were possible for trawlers and fishermen to
artificially fertilise the ova of ripe soles, turbot, brill, and plaice,
_ and return the eggs to the sea, undoubted benefit would accrue,
‘for the waste of spawn is enormous.*
- Hatcheries for sea fish have been established in the United States,
Norway, Newfoundland, and at Grimsby, and it is proposed to
_ erect one in Canada. If similar hatcheries were established on
our coasts millions of young turbot, soles, &e., could be planted —
__ on proper ground every year. ‘
_ With this view the Fishery Board have recently bade seterh Professor
Da ak M‘ntosh to undertake an investigation into the bition: and —
Bbd sic? development of the turbot and. lemon sole.
A
Bers. y . AIL that is requisite is a fa of sea- -water, inte Crh the eggs are run by gentle
ee. ‘presetire on the female ; a little milt is then added, and the contents gently stirred
a Be with the hand. After standing for a short time the contents should be flung into
}
3 8 ly of ‘teh ..ae 2
abies 22.9 Piel ys aa
=
an Peed eae, OT oF
PP ey eee eee
é ae ; & ‘S | ‘4S¥010AO | = Pa Nee Salt Ey Poa | el eee
ao EQ OS S'S ¢ ois \ a Oo ARS ee igs a
ae = PUM — Og +¥ , . . , : ; Lig ns
> ae | °86-6@ “2eq + poop ‘ : ’ : = pe TES ee
aera moy sig ‘ep ae (eta 1 I 8 Z ‘spreuins WOULULO~R Lee areas 1
ae | ¢smoqzey Sp ‘fouo ¢G I 9 I 6 Tt * ‘sqep YSsnor suo’T % ‘ eae
- oes. | -avdsueyy ~ { ySnor F Zz p 9 | &¢ n : Meee? Fae b ee
_ See ‘eas ¢Apnopa J §9 g l ¢ | #2 reas ieee ; "yyey und | ae
mir SehAg ‘g010J* MSS “PUTA awe mas ae : eT 3 : ‘sqep UOUIMLOD FZ 0} ‘urd Z < ; “x
Rigs > & —Ssummuiseq = 4¥ Ros a line hs 1 Mm iy NN Saas Cees nc ake . GG | 0-99 | $49 'N| “340g ydZT | Be
a ire 2 ‘yu leet a
ney re - “i! Bq é >
Pe c Rt \ 8 WO9sry fogs
ce - = : b : + c . “a
Rs. S "FE-0G “req { 10pVM psiaupun : >
i ae ysty ynoqe Spy | vewn7ngny | ~ ‘utd 0G'F a
ae se ‘syjey fe ‘Aouored | puv ds vysnjq | ** +! * srr | SQ I ‘sprvuins UOWULOZY) ‘J 03 ‘ul'd Gee a
aoa re: -SUv.I}, $ qyjoous | ‘snzuajnasa snwu | ** * 9 ge 8 3 - ‘sqep ySnor SuoT | ‘a22hng “(nua00pnWwouy ‘aun 9G “ie
totem — ‘ees ‘Saeoyjo ‘aug | -2y99 OOP JeAo | °° Bee 2 7 e-% 1° 8T 1 cs, pure snunppp) spodedoy | "y4%y *purRysy
ee S 2g ‘oomoy “GY ‘purm | ‘snaundund | Fe g G ZI 9 Z : ‘sqep UOUOD | Jo AoquMU s[qeIOpIs | FZ Avy Jo
> eae =, —Suruuiseq =4V snbunyods zt vs of 27+ nih Soe T : * ‘Kear £1aeyG | -u0d YW—"you-sovjaing GP | BFS | 0-8¢ ‘M4S8¥e SOTIU T
ea a) z:
ees, A Se eee ee = Sits: Patan ete
es | ‘wioq | ‘oovz | “ging
a N Teer iain soyouy| ‘ON |seqoUy] “ONT jseqouy| ‘ON , oq | -mg | iq oe
Pe “MOT {GATONgD Aono | ur da sysno01g || ‘sty sunofs puv SS ey, Oa
. Sm = pue ‘1oq9¥0 AA “PUT AA on “eune iy . eYEL Jo worydisoseq ‘umedg ‘euney olsvpog *I19ZV MA ITV pure ‘ayeq
Th SS OPVIGIPAOAUT "SIT JO ozI¢g “MOTPETS
r4 & ‘ammyerod uta,
ei’ ‘pue Yjtou ‘*NT pue ‘ puo yynos ‘*g f pus qsom ‘AA £ WOTPLYS JO PUo 4svO SUBOTL ‘g1njv1adule} Sutjouep somsy oy} e10joq (ng —"a0AT :
“get
. #° ‘SUALV AA TNOHSAIQ ANV AAYOHSNY NI HSIY WAOALVNNT JO NOILNGIULSIG AHL OL SV
ae ‘ANVTILOOG dO LSVOD ISVY AHL dO SLUVd SQOIUVA LV ,aNVTUV{), AHL GUVO NO 68s NI @CVW SNOILVAYASAO AHL AO ANOS AO ANOOAY
% =
re nN
7, a ad
peRee
res
-
i]
/
7
i
j
a | i
ah
‘
a
nl >
-
~
—-—
*
‘
\
'
201
a 1G T 96 T d : ‘Ysy-F8O .
te g I 9 G L bite se ee :
== — bee a ra 9 J : ee %
a. gS) G 89 P TL I SpIvuIns UOUTULOD ;
aS ¥i'4- ok 9 I | %8 @ |* * “e8uryT A -
ca . % a OT T IL T . ; Be the gs 5 J
2 , p | t (4 i 1 BBR S ee SF ape z
TL-62 See ee g 8 eg |‘ ‘sqep ysnor suoTy : .
2 *1eq 6 SULOYZRI Z eee eee Ge eee SI-% LL . GF Ee (74 "9 ‘spisnpoy pure ob
Sy es ‘fousrvdsuesy £ qqo &% ge £6 8% 7 G . se o aprunyy Sf ‘sesso YStyT a
es Ss smoy % yhoge “oply sag 9T | 79 6 8 aL." ‘sqep WOUIULOD | — “ZoU-Aioz = TIO}O_ :
~ SS |fqyoours‘ves {4sv010A0 Se aa ve ee se | Be I 5 eas ONE « 5 nyo ‘urd ge'e 0}.
ss 8 ‘kys fp Seoroj “4svo fg | I 86 g ST ¢ : * Sqep wouterT | fo “(nuowaz pues snup | "Y4Ry ‘und Z ‘688T 2
‘Ss oat purma—'urd go"T 4% 6 G I | I | st | 8t |* ‘* .* ‘oovetg | -299) spodedop ‘0 ‘s83e | ¢T Ae U9FT ‘eee
+See 5. WOYe} SUOT}BATOSAO 23 te sa = Sot Sg T . * ‘Ker Arreqyg | YshT — “gou-sovgang 8-9F | Lh |0-9F “M} “I NOLLVLS 2a ee
x — coat
. r= ‘y ‘spodiydury mo
<<; s “iy ‘souvaqdowoyz 86 "e i954
Z S : ‘(snunjpg ‘b:a “ds woul (aon
a) ‘yt ‘naupig | * gs ie se 9 T ; : ‘svmof -u100) spodedog Aueut : ; i ae
= D> '19.6Z | PUw vYIUN FT . gad) snuadumT | yeois y—"you-u10}40q ‘ud ape . a
Ss “req {swuoyyey Fp | faz ‘srvusooynw | Fz 2 ¢ GF F 6S pat ite "ay “e004 04 ‘urd eZ 'Z . ie
= ‘fouoredsuvsy ¢ | -uo snyopung | G 18ST. | ¢ e9 | 8 g ' f ae -snig podeseq sunof *6QQT 1040990 } op ae
= ‘opty fyjoous ‘eos | fo ‘sdowydaar | ¥6 T Il ¥ FL I * * Surg | At0A =6pue—SpIsnpeyil Ud). “purest eee
Ry $urel 0% SUTUT[OUT aS SS ace re I 7 : : “poo | Treums fy ‘agnbng ‘(ox Avy JO ysom es
= ‘kzey Arias ‘19qYVOM es “~~ | ¥7-Sz| 0¢cz 1 ¢ Ll - « ‘Lowa ‘snuqz) spodedog SOTIUL 9 04 g a
= £% 90103 “M‘N’M | £9 0 ies we 3 1 e) g@. | * ‘sqep ySnor Suoyy | Jo JequInuU os{qeIepIs “HIMOT Ln Be.
p ‘| PUM —sTUY 4V S) 2 2 ~ |HT |G |" * * ‘0g | -a0o Y—"gou-sovjng 0-2 |0-6F “MM | dO HLTA
ty
; <i "09 | *
‘ ‘ON, | "SUT PaO? 4 Roe}
¥ son wwery, (| | ON | MT 5 <% | | 08 | MS
ae ‘SUOTZVAIOSYQ Jeyzo | ut dn yysno01q ¢ R "Ysiq Sunos pue =
ee pue ‘soygeoyy “purg | “on “vune ; SASL go. ene avon tttatig tethces i ES “TOPE M
a : OyeIqeyIOAUT "YSTq JO ozIg pue roquuntyy ;
aay ¢ ‘ginyereduig J,
‘HSIY UAALVNNW] 40 NOILAGIUISIG AHL OL SV ,CNVTUVD, AHL GUVOG NO G8RI NI TAVW SNOILVAUASAQ AHL dO ANOS FO auoory
: ~ .
* - 7 =x Pins
dae
*
*
‘Bs Ty
ate
*
be hay
oe Aye
v3 ota tS oa
x
;
-
“e
~
r
s
.
=
Sic heave A
(ans .
wy
eae
Part I1I—Bighth Annual Report
. Sip ‘Rouoredsueay
‘qq smoy g ‘py
jo oa9ejs £ qjoouts
_ - | %as feug gnq ‘Azey
oT 8 1G yvOmM
*g e010} “ANH
, pulA—uoou ZT 42
Usdye} SUOT}VAIOSYO
i
\
"GL.6% ‘Teg SsuloyyRy
z _ ‘kouaredsuery
* poop qnoqe ‘apty
‘ ygoous ‘vas £ 4ysvo
-1aA0 AMS ‘oyZRIAL
$@ OOL0J “4Qs¥a PUTA
er OL SHEL? .'F8
“STOTPVAIOSAO 1940
pue “Toyz AA “PULA
202
UdHVZ SUOTZVALISGO
“PON TACIT,
ut dn 44 Sno1q
“ow ‘vune sy
0} B1IGOJLOAUT
IL
sotouy
™ ~~
s
in
5 RO Se Ge See hs
Oo
m
—- ~~
‘ON [sotpoUy
OMAN OO
re
Ar)
ie
eo)
oO
ssa Onrr pir e020 ter OMOMNANRH
“ON
soyouy
"Ysl Jo ozig pur 1oquinyy
ot GO Be Ht tt
AnAAONS
re
OD <H Od
rt rik
NAA OONM ar
‘ONT
a =
"HSI GUALVNNY 40 NOILAGIULSI(] AHL OL sV , GNVTUVH, FHL CUVOg NO 68ST NI TAVW SNOILVAUUSIO AHL AO ANOS AO AUONA
en ~
* ‘sqep nox Su
“
~
“
te ~ & 4
‘ — §sqep MOTIULOG
. . it
. . . “cc
. . QTV], my
‘Ker yorqu1o1yy,
‘SYULLOLUL
-jadun) §=snuadwvt
s ‘SULIIO
. . a3 sé
: * "sy qo[Suy
: : ' 880g
‘sprvuans UOUUIOD
. . “
e . 73
‘sSUT AL
. . ; . “po ‘)
Fi. =< SOO RP eRe
. . “ “
: ‘sqep ysnor suo]
: ‘sqep MOULULOD
. “ “
‘ * Sqep UQUIGT
. . . QOIRT x
‘ageys Ao14)
‘exe, Jo uoydr0seq er
“YG
‘J ‘spodeooq | #F
[earley — *you-oovjang 6-9F
‘} “(T[eUis) spisnpey fy
‘eprmuereg 6:0 ‘agpbngy
— "goU-M0} uloyyog
‘o ‘epruepen | Y7eF
So ‘ss8e Ysy Jo roquiny | GT
; £ qnoqe 480M Sei ee
opeqoytog |
6881 AeIT 196 ae a
‘HLYO,T ee; 2
@-6F | 0-89 ‘H| 40 HIaIy > a
‘ard 0¢°ST OF
09° IT
VW UPL
— "$0U-M0Z- BDBFINS, GPP | 6-9) | 0-9F ‘H | “II NOMVLg
‘ul0g | ooey | ‘qmng | |
“jog | -mg | Arq “uMOp .
‘slg Sunos pur ———| [Aeiy, oulry, >
Medg ‘euney o1selog “IOV AA “IV pure ‘oyeq
- “MOlqRIS
‘91n4vIdd Ud J,
= = od ae
= ae a - ss and = ie §6-% 9 co ‘Lqo8 popyoor,y ‘ Poe Let Ry.
= ; Wer es) AecOW EOL | 1S To} eset = Beaiog ’ as
= ; rive fae £6 e F I e . 6 3
eae es Ps ’ ZL | T | “spavurms woutnt0p aig
= aoe eee cee a g * . ‘sSUlqIt A . 2 : > a +
vee tee vee one 1 - ce ‘“ ; ey ve
8 G 6 I Il I , : ‘repuno,, oars e aoe e
éI-#| OL | § ot eles = = __‘*soyhydooz eutos ; 3
v iL G yA 9 8 ; = oy pue fj (sueuipoods om) “urd CT 'Z 04 <-e
'Z1.6G ‘tayouloreq Gy z &9 SF OT VA ‘sqep WOWLUIOD | nINWUY DIIAIWIG Surpnyisa ‘urd oT Aeq ; 2 Pi
{poop ynoqe oeprz soe = es wy ZI T : * ‘squp towloT | -ut expishyT {ay ‘spod 9} Sso10e Th
fumoyyzey FT ‘Aoucred ee 4 ee 6% P IL ‘ : : « | -tydury ~pue spodedop : : preajsom oe.
-suviy £9 }e81OpOul (6) 6 9 FOL L GG ~ : es = —"jou-MOJ wUWloIOg peTMery wae
was £4svoT0A0 ANS fF g9 0g OL Te eT 6 : : * ‘goreld ; ‘J ‘snumppg | "yet 2 ‘keg Ape ‘ ae
9010} ‘YN “A ‘PULA t APE 7120-4 Fak =) Gs Se Es | pue ss80 Suyeo,g | $4 ee cg Ss) Se ee
—ordg [42 UexeL, eee bia“ G% | T |* * ‘hex kuroyy, | — you-moz oovzmg | 8.9% | 62h | 0.67 “A | APN UIET Se
S ge ce”
Pia iis ie ‘cr 6 I * umd $a0.Wv0g = . ae
z 0g | %% | © ak es Ae Tae Sa
if wy |g OS 15 a, T |* ¢ 9 SSupsey | ROR — ae
coe coe =e soo G T . e . ‘qreadg ‘ur'd [ 09 woou 2 +-4 a
a Se, So ae ee ES a Le ee = eae A : ZL ‘preaysvo eee
fe | °T L I | £6 LT | ° {oysey-r0y9e yy =~ | supeeqs ‘opm
ee oe ose ae Fe T ° Pat ‘Te[suy ‘ ; $ yuoqe qSOm * Bs %. :
Ss | 9 | @ [fe | t [air | L. | ‘spreum3 coun : i ie Ea
"TL-6G = ce es FA aoe Ee ee ay eer tees 68ST APU) -
“req § Woy T §¢ 12-21% > 8 T |’ * $s80r IT Ad . ‘HINO, See
4% 30 qq S18 4SO] asnl eee eee coe eee ST T ° ° * ‘pop 2 : LO HLaL 7 ys
- . roan Ss : SATE Bo Baath aece eg | uog fraoes | gma |
Se Se ee ee ae ee = oy | omy ams | Ata | samo |. = 5
‘STOTVAIOSGO TOYO | Ul du 4yY4SnoI1q - - : sunok se —|————_| [Ae CULT, gate
pue ‘1oyyvo Ay “pur | “027 “eune Ty : Es ‘aye, Jo uordyroseq |<, See I Lae d *I9ZB MA “ITV pue‘oyeq |
O7VIGI}PIOAUT "YS JO ozig pur coquinyy | bs3 | eat ee a TOHRIS |
= ; \ : ey S “eihy Brod tie y, «Sh “Fo eee
P i =i 3 > € 3 = - Pn Sal <2 Ya
: «HST GUALVWA] 10 NOMAGIUISI AHL OL Sv , GNVTYV), FHL aavog NO 6881 Ul Fav SNOILVAUESAO aHL 0 GOS JO auo0ogy 2
ec thn ae Te ore 5 = : : tees Pe ee er ee 3 og joe ie ee were Se Shs x SS:
“ea Ose A~ oe =yabr *
Oe eee nS See ee Pe
dr ese ~ See Be ts
ee et el a ee |
f OT Sr e t ee ns etter pee coke 5 i ae
fame ¢ OF 4 9¢ 6 ~ ‘SSUIITL AA . . “<> I eee
> : imoy [ Fnoqe ‘apry 9 T OL | 9 I |° °*. ‘syooppey - ord ee
ae ' ssuoyzey Fe ‘Aoue x 32 II T T : * ‘sotos OITA L9G LF | aS
ee > -redsuer} {q300uIs @ 9 e01 O65 ft NP, ian | -qsea-tgnos Be
7s er = aa : 89s * Arey ‘qsv0 ¢ G 9 CL CL s ‘sqep qsnor Suo'T ‘ , - pe10048s ‘6Q8T - re
ce aoe 7 oases g ast Proiie eser Be ee 52108 woureT | “OUO sty} exoFoq AT}IOYS | “yRRY AvW WOT | wee
ae —Suiumisoq ‘v g I € i j * — ‘sqep uoulu0D mae Pangea Mer ery Pee ph oe ae
Mee ig jun a bag Wt, Re a rons SERIO MOL.“ O-FE | O-D¥ 10-270 N) “NOI | ae
ae es eae eee | ba:
See ae $4.2 is RA ESR SS meg | | Se i
e eV. F f ' moe al a I G 9 . . 44 ~ ;
ee = me §9 7 e, g CT }*. * SeuoBarg bs: | fae
¢ Bist : S f eee . ¢ I G I . . 14 a
i ee ae aa be eee ae es ee en ee |
a, = fame for | £ | s£ | LT |} gt | I | -‘spreums uowmog |
Pe 3 NX ! see eae “ese one fp I . . . ‘eye
: } + a . . (73
3 s . 2) 8 I he .
oo, aS g e¢ | 4 | OF | 6 Z SSUrgT AM.
Ee a. = "C6-6% 1040 Ut see oe eee eee OL g . . ‘syooppeH ‘yj ‘as
= : S) -O1Vq FsulOyzey ¢ a2 at g VA Ff T : : & sunok pue {13 “(o8eqs
i ‘Aouoredsuvsy !qqe {2 2 2 ¢ | 2 | ¢ |* ‘sqep y8nozr Suo7y | SurmuMs o01y) 2umpog .
y . smoy F Jhoqe ‘apy Z.i%1 | 2 GI | IT | ° °* S8fos uowrey | pue ‘spisnpeyy fray | , of
¥) WY $}00UIs vas ‘durep nee one aus nee ST ts) . “ “ anygubny aq ‘spodedog .
ts Q pues Azey aayyer | g G F ¢g l : us —'SY}¥y g 48 Jou-Aog, “T's OG"?
a sh Tym -g {20503 g jG 9 OL Z g : ‘sqep WoUruIOD ‘} ‘Stuagdowoy | "Yyey 04 OF'L ‘688T
» = N 4q ‘@ ‘pura see I 91 | ® |* ° —* ‘eoretg | pue ayebog faz ‘spod | of ACW LT
3 © "WE OF.L WUSASy, wp poss poe IE | T jt * ‘her karegg | -odog — you-oovjimg | g.pp | 2.Jp | 0.Ch “MILA NOMLViG
te NaGiat soyouy] “ON |soyouy] ‘oN |soyouy| ‘on : poe a ha i
Bo ‘SUOTPVAIOSGG Joyo | ut dn 4y8no1q : ‘ "ystq Sunof puv Tae aa oh ee
“3 pus DoyzVa A “‘puryy | “oz “eune,y oFRL 30, wogedreosacy ‘umedg ‘euney o1sefog) "IOV AA ‘ITV pure ‘oyeq
— 0481Q94.10AUT ‘Ast JO ozig pue requinyy ‘U014849
fe ® | ‘amnyerod wa J,
oe ee RS? Cage oe a a eT ene er re re nee
i | ‘“HSIY DUOLVAWY 20 NOLLOGIULISIG] AHL OL SV ,CNVIXVS, FHL aquvog NO 688[ NI AAdVW SNOILVAYASIO THL 40 AWOS AO awxoOoRy
a
7
@ - -
Ton)
3 fo)
= N
=
ay
i
me
——_
ee rs
<> ¥ =
= \
a es
Ee. S
Be
i S
oad ay
s =
Be - S
a i
of the
| 06-63 “toqeuIo Teg
“poop gynoqe ‘epty
¢ {SULOYRT § ‘fou
-Tedsteiy = $ YAOOUIS
eos fAzey “49¥0
‘IaA0 ‘Teygeom. {7
‘eomog “g “pul —
‘ud GF’z ¥@ UdyV,
‘PON [MULL
*SUOI}VAIOSGQ) 190T]}0
pue ‘royyva ny “pura, | “ox ‘euneg
04R1qG9}10AUT
ul dn 4y4sn01q
Bic Pic; ante Se I 7 7 . ‘Bury
“yor peprveq anog
FOE |S OE Sh A S " ‘srembof
“pagadun) snuaduUnT
52 es G G be G : F ‘ea80d
TI E 6 ¢ a Z ‘spreuins TOULDIOD)
e v G G TE Saget
£9 61 | Le ROT Ne Gee es 2S oe Ra AY
YL jet ie Be 1 SORE
$01 I : GT 7 i t ae ‘so[OS YOUM
¥ i T I
pos owe 8 1G be T6 . ce “
a y 10 4 : sqep. ysnor S00]
ig T + 6 T ; ‘sqep wee
° <a I 3 T ati s
eee eee eee eee ee ; « * ‘Ker £ITeIS
l
soe wee aee een S01 T Ins e ~ ‘Samos
4 “suc snuoouny
feo} 9. 1 6 | t& Z " @880g
ee a ees
8 169eT ‘
* Qe[suy
I ci ee
6 7 GL 2 OL IL ‘spreuins WOWULOD
i err
"SUT ‘ON
‘YStq JO oztg pue soquinyy
> x
HSI’ TAALVNW] 40 NOILAGIULSIG] AHL OL SV , NVIUVD, THL CUVOg NO 688T NI FAV SNOILVAUTSIO AHL {0 TWOS 40 CYOOMY
‘ayes, jo uondraoseq
“UN0} | ‘oo’ | “GTN
. -yoq | -mg | Aq | ‘UMO(T
_ *ystgq Sunok pur PEG erat
‘umedg ‘euneg o1selog PEM ft EV. pue oye@ -
. 2 WOleTS
‘ *91nye19d ua J,
"ysy "yyaou ae
sunoX jo Joquinu & pue poe1994s og
“Ay copraepeg—syyey g “urd cF"g OF faa
qnoqe 07 yUNS JoU-MOT, ‘19° | CFS ‘688T Ls Caee
‘} ‘xprurpey pue eao ystg | F1Z — «ACW WOT +h
“—you-moy oovgmag” | 0.7% | 8-9F | O-GF‘S “XI NOLVag)
-
i
—>=
Ay
+ irr,
\
oy hes
was y %
yy >
£
7
+
ee RA hs
t
ye
7
4
‘
pt sp
at
D>. wis
ry soe Je
—
ya
oy
patos
.
»
Part I1,-—E
206
ghth Annual Report
"
= *
Pay
*
vo.
*
ey - a
We Bae 2 ~ Ses» Pe
S, “ae - «
+
a
= nd “a r
Bae Lia
BES Se een Per aan
(api 4 a j : b : <~ |, SaOOPPSEt
arvdsuery {Tas ‘ Po
‘T'S § Boy : Wrap o 8 T ‘sqep ysnor Suo'T at"F 03 ‘urd OF'g
+ @ e010y “WY PULAL Re I wl 67% tS APOE OPES rad ‘ydog 44F
(—Ssuluuiseq = 4V ee AES se T tL |G gS So Aaa OPT 0-9G | 8-¢¢ | #-€8¢ "H| ‘A NOILVLg
eee wes I Z- a7 I e f . ° ‘ £qo 3)
8 € 16 = e} ES ‘sprvuins WOUUIOD
. . ad eal Ee Ace 8 B 7 + S8ar TTA
‘asuvyo cs RES g for z PF Se Nee Spe }
oN — Ysruy ~ee i ac ¥ Bop ai en Staelin: PO ae
5 teq _ ! poog “py ig q l F 6 j agp Ysdou-a0y
fsuroyyey Fp ‘foe 8 6 AEE | 6. EL APE "+ fgajos woULET
aperest panos see eee see tes Zz z e A mes ‘urd Of'ZT 03
oon) aga Pak BTR LR TRS setep uommap by ees
—Sumurseq = 4V¥ 7% ee foi 5 peel Se pc 3 Mages A ae ORBLE -9¢ | 0-99 | 0-99 H | ‘II NOlivug
eee «es eee ooo rs e ; ° ° “SULLIOH
Seung Tee (ple dab Be 5515 te a 5] ee
oN — ystUy 4V 3 i9e |tL | 8 is Tr | * 9 * — ‘S8a1aT AA
06-08 “req f j 6 j or |g S65 sed caret ,
‘qq9 ‘opty + swoqyey Bohr eee” 4 8 ee 2p
Ree Mein: g de- st LT B SI | ° “sqep ysnor suoT a : ma ee
é I ee eee eee «ee Z > e 7 4 . 04 “UL °
‘g 9ol0y “A PUTAL $6 9 for {TI #sI | 8 * + ‘gajos wouter GT ‘qdog 19
—suruurseq = 4V seams iat ca i cog éL |G SES PE aOR 0-49 | 0-99 | ¢.#¢ ‘H| ‘I Novag
' "W109 | ‘oovy | “qing
v0 paar: soyouy| “ON jsoqouy] “ON jseyouy) ‘ony jog | -mg sq =rKOp
‘SUOIZVATOSGG Jeyyo | ut dn 4ysno1 3 ‘Ystq Sunofk puv ———— | [Aer], oulty,
puv ‘19y7v0A\ “PUTAL ‘979 iar BaaL Jo uous agect ‘umudg ‘eunegy olselog "TOVEM ‘IIy | pure ‘eq
07¥.1q0410AUT “YS jo ozig pue roquinyy ‘MOI4erg
‘ainye10d ula J,
ES EEE cee Nt es Ee We Siar a Se a
“HSI GUALYNNT 40 NOILAGIULISIG FHL OL SV ,ANVIYVY) , THLE CUVO NO 688 NI TAVW SNOILVAUASAO FHL AO ANOS AO Guoday
° ‘ ¢ ; “ 2 ; . '
VA SULIIO : ut
a + vee | Bg T tL I ‘sprlvudins WoUuLUloD Set ic , ~ Doo
oor Be PL | Jak cee eee ) = ae
e1oy—ysiuy 4 V = Ls) EE P28 1a ee) OT a ee ae | : Ps mic.
: ‘OL-08 “req eas ee eee ZL | #9 Wig se ete oe . , aes
fqqe opr, ‘sutoyyey (a ee ee ) a ee ee ‘sypoppeH = ten
: fp = ‘Aouorvdsuery 3 g I 9 G 8 IL | ° ‘sqep ysnor suoy | . ‘OFS ee
‘soy {Jems ‘q's = = OL I SL pee * ‘solos UOULE'T *SYy ey : 04 ‘ur'd 0¢"T ee”
ms | $6 POT} PUTA nt lar cc. Sieage Se pe gag oe eg ea 63 ydog UF i See
8 —Suruutseq §4V Spake s pe far? te ee ace Basics 2) 0.99 | 9.¢¢ | 0-79 “M|"XI NOLLvag > Sea
§ 7 Lob tess Sore 2s ee
S : es (cores ons cota eRe Pet Bg a a5, Ke i 8s
as Pie eee ee eee eee eee 3 : ae ae
ees “MONT} TOUPO AL Ee ee eee eel ee eee Ke : Palen ie oo eee
& | wey ay 7 fe ir Ne- pe let Lr ot eS stant, | ee oA sf 28 | fe ah
3 "8-08 “req £qqe is matt eos Coase QL i oe “e, - “pop : . : F : : sin’ ye
8 opi, ssuloyyey F ce eee cg 1T -|° * _, ‘syooppeH | mS ae y wund 99°SL | <i Se
SS: ‘Aoueredsuvsy STTAMsS = sete 3 es 0} 1G 19 : “é “ 3 OV'WVOF TT tC
eee | a req Aion g {3 |9 |[% |L |e {+ ‘sqep qSnor Buoy | | “"UI°y | ‘qdag Up Sas
Stas, ©? > Ore NE ‘| PULA, Pe ee . ae ues & Z 3 “ pe mre he : TILA Soy ie
— S | —saraurseq av +e g lfg IT 4 |8 |¢ — ‘sqep uourctog 0-99 | ¢-6¢ | 0-79°M| NOMWIS J
ra Ss eee eee eee eee eT 3 e e e ‘a0Ielg : : a a,
pee te eet ng A ot BE tS 1 8+) “preumy , ; ees ;
i ; : tS aes see se eee 1 ; * x : ‘gIssvig :
See ; Sor OG. te SPE | G Mees ss Reece Sas
Sea S Boy sso] 2S PRL AB? | 06 OLS pe eS ea , 1s | |e
— SS) OT V--ustuy Fy eae ya Sa ee Re els geet oe ee Se oe . es Seo oe oe
eee OL-0g “1eq + poog : fOl |G fF [% Lae ee: FE SOS terse ag | EE ae iol
} Pig 3 : Aveda ere ‘wroq | ‘sows | qmg |
ee 708 Tee SoyoUy oN seyouy) “ON [setouy] “oN | | gog | -ng | dq” ene ed
*SUOTZVAIASGGQ Teyjo | ul dn yYysno1iq — ——— : ‘ystq Sunod pure = —| [MVIy, OUILT,
PWE “TOUTES MA “PUT MA, |<" -O7y “OUNGT . j exh Jo, AOR a EOseC. eeda ‘euneg osejag | ‘soyeay | “atv | pue ‘oyeq |
. oyBIqeVIOAUT "YS JO oztg pure roquinyy 1 Poe : : TOHeIS |
5 AE te . : , 7 : Site ‘omnes dura J,
aos 40 quooay
=~ > -
‘HSI TUALVWW] £0 NOWLAIUISIG FHL OL SV ,ANVTUV), AHL GUVOg NO 6881 NI FAV SNOILVAUTSAQ GHL £0
az - = - 4 —-
+ o ~
= pe a «
~ z ' 5 4 “4 "3 E = a * > 4 :
ae. . se ay - a ; ; is Sr hes rae” ~ :
< ¢ . ” gee PEE weet 3 “ y ee ge eee a Ae
pS eS & > z be ss Ly ss « = soy “ s ag oe! Rees a ae Sok 2 eS ee
a v . -
ay eit
Set
¥
ead
Ae REE
wet
7
i
b
Ripe
ae
¥
Ca
Rt.
he ae
che, &
vt
—Eighth Annual Report
Part I.
208
— ‘Kousredsuery fqqe |}
sinoy $epry $44 511s
as feuy ‘spno7o
ou ‘ezey 4 SI[s
@ Joyyeom fg ao10F
“q Aq ‘a'S PUM
—suruulseq §=4V
“OT-0¢ “req
‘suioyyey $/‘Aouoreds
-suvi} fqqo sinoy $z
‘apry {4I[sI[s“eos fouy
‘spnoyo ou ‘azey
qySs B “Ioyyvem f¢
ao103*S Aq “Y PUL
—Sutuurseq =4V
‘eA Toys
SNOT peop
“PON [MBI],
"SUOTJVAIOSG(C) 1oT]{ ZO
pue “royyVe Ay “PUTA
‘snbunjody 9uQ
pue snbungody
ut dn 3ySno01q
‘ow ‘euney
97V.1Qo}1OAUT
,
Hee EE | a
$6 9 Rg j gL I
>" a5 ZL | (9 €l-.f 9
ri F cI | ft ae Ga
ri Ls he = PS :
oe eee eee ees £7 if
:. " = Ad F s
eee eee ie T VA
<7 8- o @. a :
oe e. eee eee Sp a
So butte bale tf
ee ee eo
= ae ae
g FI i ! F g
G Z g | g 9 Z
ie G Lee a 2 :
“ fee T ial t
soqouy) “ON |seyouy] “ON |soyouy) ‘ON
‘YSt JO oz1g puw soquinNy
. . . iT3
‘sprlvuIns UOULULOAZ
. . cc
* ‘syooppeH
. . ‘po fe)
‘sqep WOULULOZ
‘£qor)
“
‘a8Sog
. . ‘Jo[SUVy |
‘Spreuims WOUIWOD
cc “
“ 6c
* ‘soTos 9194VT
‘sqep YSsnoi SuoT
* ‘goTos UOUIO'T
. 6 “
. 6 “
‘sqep UOULUIOZ
‘ ‘kvl pueg
‘ke Youqusoyy,
‘oye, Jo uordioseq
*89084STLIO
podeossoq [earv, Moy &
pues pues culos ‘suloyyey
GI-ZL 8 (9ou-MOT,
— “(ypreu
-m) ysy Sunofk Ar10A
_L {3 (waunfig sunod)
spisnpeyT T[eus pue
(okiquiq) spodorse4
Sy ‘spodvooq [eare'y
‘(gsnjigy) podrydury
Sunok [ ‘3 ‘spod
-edopn — you - oovjing
, y ‘pormgdni
pues pues qs pels
s1®H — 70uU - W0}0g
‘spodeoaq [ware] puw
SpIsnpey [[eus Moy VW
‘SULOT}RS OT 3 JOU-MOT,
. ‘a ‘spodozryog {°F
‘(preuinS) vAo ysy pur {°F
‘spodo1ysex) oAIQUInT
‘3 ‘spodyoog [earvy {1
“(sabndouwjuas sng) spod
-edop — *you-s0"jng
‘ysl Sunod pure
‘umedg ‘vuney oLse[ag
a a
‘und Ge"oT
04 6Z'6
“" po1004s
Ane 3G
U9ey Sjueg ygTUIg)
1% ‘HLL
0-09 | 8L¢ |0-L¢ AA) AVEO
“urd g 04 0F'9
"9 po1904g
‘6881
Ane 3G
"Y}eJ ‘quegq qyag
CG “HIM
0-0¢ | 0-89 |@8¢'N| AVON
‘ul0z | ‘ooey | “Qing
-yog | ng | Arq UMO(T
[Aer], OWT,
*IOGV AA IV pue ‘ayeq
“HOT}R}S
‘o1m4e10dutay,
‘HSI GWALVNN]T JO NOILAGIYISIG AHL OL SV ,AaNVTUV{), THLE AUVO NO 688L NI AACVW SNOILVAUASIO AHL AO ANOS AO awoory
-_
‘ ° e
a = ESE re, Fe .
oS
— N ' =
; A mdy{~T |S %
= "16-63 “Leq ‘suoyyej ‘spod | 0} C16
3 : Sp, ‘Aouoredsuesy -Tydury sunok moj e {1 (-£adg jo
x ‘poop sammoy F ‘sueIIOSnjuy 10430 puv YWQnou pue
qnoqe ‘ap {]Tams ‘snuyuay ‘snsnf uny) |. uopsI0xy) 410g ;
pes Aj1048¥9 “YA 00UI8 “eas ree ‘ : Z F : : * ‘Kqox) | -949 fa ‘SURIPIOSe [VAIL] 19049)
- = ‘eug ‘xeajo Aye" ay . : Z I : : ‘SUIIT AA | Sa ‘aupnag ‘(snyowny ‘ ‘AME WITLI ".
3 = -Ispoul ‘reyyRAM £7 EI T g T te VA : : ‘Yysy [eog | sabndouwquag *s2Uus0d |'SU4ey ‘keg Ladg a.
a SS 9010 “ANY “PUT AA : Ne ¢ I : : : ‘pon | -20aug 0)73,U0dD.LD Z ) 9 HLL
pe 3 —Ssuruurseq yy : pene So): Saas =< [ |‘ ‘sqep uommoy | spodedop—yousoezmmg | 6.9¢ | 0-19 |¢.1¢ MH | AVUOW F
= S eee Ps — .
= 5 :
x < : : ~
= eee foe toe : a Z . 1 ‘asy reqgng 4 - . f 3 ; a
= S SUDIMDASNIQLIA | = a es : 9 G : " ‘See pueg Ss +
aa <a) pue s2zwsooynw el I 1 £ -1a6 I ; : : a =
as > : “up snyopumd | &% | I ig Sees, ger Re eee Sa a ts
Eee" Ss : aR Gee Oe OE as eS eI a ee: teal 86 | 1G i ae es i ; ; ' ae
= e_sC| *StutoYZeZ Fp ‘Aouored | pus “yr 07 Sur) ¢g 8 | te Te1-FR TS Sp urd oF'g a.
Be ens “Suey faqzerepou | -taype spodryd - pee a Fs e Sale ee Se "y ‘mougoy 01.07% SF.
2 y vos fUleI YIM | -Uy pue ajjou | Fe 6 | i z q eet ee ‘J ‘(soxgunwunnyT Af 4401 eae
es oe © JeaaoAO ‘reyyrom | -dnQ oul0s WAT | SG iG to 4 pag I "ae SE EOD MORO LTT) -SPES | “T8y : ‘I NOILVIG ee
ao SS "G S010} “A pULM | poom jo Aye} cs pov fo ce fo Pate} T f° * * ‘eoretg | -npeyt qrems ‘x ‘spod} g | ‘HLEI © 7
BLP: eo —suluUIseq 4V -uenb [[eus 7 ae 2 vs ms 9Z T * ‘Ker yoequioyy, | -edog — you - sovjing 0-GG | 6-S¢ | 0-84 °M} AVAOTT ee
a $7. S . : P > e: r . : 9 “ ae
Ses = “ $ = ~ : =. Fee
aera pg Ee ee I NO ee HE faa NEON | rare SY 6A Ee US ee a ee RR ae ae yt ad ep TP ge Pane GS gE apres
—— . . : bt 2 . "ur0g | ‘aoey | ‘qyn ie
a ae aon ey seyouy] ‘ON |seqouy] \*OoN Race ‘ON ay aie a a a aie a3
‘STOTZVAIOSGG Jey4o | ut dn 4y8norq_ |_—_-—_—_—____——__ - oh ‘YysTtq Sunog pue ee ee ee oe
pue Le a ‘pura, | £7029 ‘vuney L 8 SOP. ‘umedg ‘euney osepog "IPE MA ITV pue ‘aqvq Pete
9481Q94.10AU] "UST JO 0zIg py CSP Sees ‘101449 2 eg
. : | ‘eimgetedurey, i
‘HSI DAALVNN] JO NOILNGIULSIG FHL OL SV ,GNVIXVD, AHL GUvOg NO 6881 NI AAVW SNOILVAUASAQ FHL A0 ANOS AO AUOOTYy
2 ‘ “. 4 %
AGES en
2 ix 5 ee Ze a See = oe Paes Sree ne —
om . >. > Pz x + y ox a ~ Pes Px MS Jae =
- = P.4 = ‘ - a + ‘ ——— -
= 7 7 . “ <n" s dak ot ee 2 ee eee - oe
210
‘sm0yyey G ‘Aoucred
suet} £68.66 “aeq
‘qqe smoy ¢ ATTny
‘apr {[joms AT1098¥0
qt ‘ay'e.10 poul
“eas fauy—-Sev010A0
aT] B ‘teygvom f¢
ao10y “AN “PUI
—Suruutseq = 4V
"88.66 “req
‘suoyyey ep ‘Aouervd
-SUvI} $1938 MOT
qgnoqe ‘oepry { [[eAs
Ay1048%9 ‘Y}ZOOUIS “Bas
fouy ‘Apnopo o7441] &
IOyJVOM £7 dd10F
‘ “aT . N ¥ ‘put MM.
‘TACIT, JO
SuTUUIseq 4 TOxey
SUTOTFBVAIOSGO
*SUOTZVAIISGGO 1Oq}O
pure ‘1oyzV9 A “PUT
Dnjob snua,
“J “sypoqua
UNIIDIUIT
Sy ‘snaund
-und sniunjody
‘09 ‘*suaosa.1o7f
UUNUPMDIOULY OA
dn 4ysn01q,
aspoiq ‘obwoT
sunok zg pur
Sy snaundund
snbunjody Moy
W—"9 ‘s1vn7na
-lado0 Uapag
“spIsnpoey [TVuIs
jo Aqyyuenb e
pur s2.0780.1229.49
pure svusoony
-UP snyopung
Quunuppy Uuob
“UDI MO V
FOND Aer TL
ur dn 4ysno1q
‘on “eUney,
0981 9}10AUT
“—* : . Ae ee, + i.)
(-0% ‘ounog “ryan. | 3 IS
F | -0uN)q) Spisnpey{ Jo ! See
Jequinu e[qviopisuoo vw | - +
: “(preumy) ysy Sunok |— ‘wd gee 04 ox
wee fol | T {°° 7 ‘Sey | Aten @ fay ‘eeptrep 08'S “A'S'S as
ine * oe rae OL I ‘spreums uoulmoy | fy ‘snunppyg ‘suoyyey peteegs = | Ye
aa soto poss 7 ep ft T ft + ‘ssurtyA | QT 09 GI—98 Jou-moy, ‘soyTUL QT-CT |
tee wee os eee f g . . G ‘SpIsupeTy [TVus pue ‘no “M'S'S rae
ST Z Er z Z i ; 3 = Suryoyey + Ayrvau ao YyNOULeIssory sb
{a is) aad So 9 | T |*° * ‘sxooppeH | ysgpue spodeoaq pearey | “Y3eF ANF UIT 5
re xs = = GT I : ‘ yng Treg | Teroaes {fy ‘snwauhuo) | 17, ‘ALA #
tp T &G z, &9 T ‘sqep Ysnor Suoy | sng — 4you-vovjing | ¢.Z¢ | 1.g¢ | 0.F¢ ‘N AVEO
‘svmbofr0jad
eae ae see ose g T ey) snuadwuvy
eee oes OL F FIL G . . . ‘Sey ;
9 eal: I 6 I | Sarppoy pepreeg-¢ : urd 09°¢
eee eee ee . Sg fF if oh. . 6c“ 79) ‘(spyUnUnDY, TL puyog) 04 CF Sa F ’
9 0% | $2 4 £6 g , : « spisnpeN ‘3 ‘(ppp “O'N per904s).
OL | @ San | Srey 31! IT |* * ‘s8uniTM | pue vinwopyy) “spodeo ‘So[TUL TT
G T IT I él I P * — ‘syooppeH | -ed [ere] pure snunpnp “M'S'S
1% > G & g I : : "Poo | ‘swu0YyyEy 07 78 JOU-MOT, atte)
¥: ; VE he cl. | T |° * ‘Sefos qouIM | “0 ‘spodeoop yearey fa | “yyRF AIRE U4TT
is Cte oe | @ | “ _ _ & _| “(aBeqs-pooerysQ) umyog | gg 8-29 “HIATT
q Sh ¥9 g | #8 Z | * ‘sqep ysnor Buoy | pursmg—you-covjmg | 0.19 | LF | ‘MA’S | AVEOW
E : ; MIO} |) OBR. pe “ATC. oe
seyouy] “ON |seqouy| ‘ON |seqouy] “ON : gog | mg | sq oer
: ‘Yst Sunodk pu TEMPO tes reef! le
eFBL Jo oAEOSET | cmvdg “euneg o1Bepoq ‘IOYO MA ‘ITV wm ‘oqey
"UST JO OZtS pus soquinny “U01;8IG
‘oanjreiodwiay,
“HSI WHOLVWAT 40 NOLLAXIYISIG: FHL OL SV -ANVTUVS), HHL GUVOG NO 688 NI AAVYNW SNOILVAUGSEO AHL JO ANOS AO AAOOTY
-
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 211
IlIl.—THE COCKLE BEDS OF BARRA. By J. H. Funzarton,
M.A., D.Sc. (Plate IV.)
1. H1isToRIcAL.
The history of the Barra Cockle Beds dates back to the sixteenth
century. Dean Munro, in his History of the Western Isles (1540-
1549), in describing the island of Barra, says—‘ Not far from the Isles
‘ Watersay (one of the islets belonging to Barray) towards the north by
‘twa mile of sea, lyes the Isle of Barray, being seven mile in lengthe
‘from the south-west to the north-eist and be north, and foure in
‘breadthe from the south-eist to the north-west, ane fertill and fruitful
Sieben 0 GOMES. i053! - In the north end of this ile of Barray, there
‘is ane rough heigh know, mayne grasse and greine round about it to
“the head, of the top of the quhilk ther is ane spring and fresh water
‘well. This well truely springs up certain little round white things,
less nor the quantity of confeit corne, lykest to the shape and figure
“© of an little cokill, as it appeared to me. Out of this well runs ther
‘an little strype downwith to the sea, and quher it entres into the sea
‘ ther isane myle braid of sands quhilk ebbs ane myle callit the Fraymore
‘ of Kilbaray—that is, the grate Sandes of Barry. This ile is full of grate
‘ cokills, and alledgit by the ancient countrymen that the same cockles
‘comes down out of the foresaid hill through the said strype, in the first
“small forme that we have spoken of, and after there coming down to the —
sandes growis grate cokills always. Ther is na fairer and more profitable
‘ sands for cokills in all the warld.’ Martin, though a little more sceptical,
writes in 1703 (Western Isles of Scotland)—‘ And they say that the well
‘of Kilbar throws up embrioes of cockles, but I could not discern any
in the Rivulet, the air being at that time foggy.’
This interesting piece of natural history is not quite so ridiculous as
some of the stories attempted to be passsed for fact on the credulous
public, such as the finding of a living frog embedded in the strata of
‘the Coal Measures. Though the researches of Loven on the development
of the cockle were then in the distant future, the Old Statistical Account
(Sir John Sinclair’s) m 1795 pointed out the fallacy of the origin of
‘cockles from the ‘ animalculi’ of the well, as Buchanan, following in his
predecessors’ footsteps, had alleged. This story was further discredited
by James Macdonald, who wrote a General View of the Agriculture of
the Hebrides, &c., in'1811. He says—‘The story of the cockle embryos
‘ being carried down from a spring and along the course of a rivulet near
* Kilbar in Barray, we found to be merely a fancy ofjthe Venerable Dean
-*(Munro), perhaps suggested by the patriotic vanity of the natives.
* The isle of Barray has indeed more cockles than any other island in
- € proportion to its extent, and much benefit is derived from them, not
‘only as food, but also as manure and cement, the shells being often
‘ exported to all the neighbouring districts for these purposes. Various
‘other parts of the range of islands under review likewise contain vast
‘quantities of cockles; and these shell-fish propagated their kind no
“doubt in the same manner here as in other parts of the world.’
Sir John Sinclair (1814), in his General Report (vol. iv. ch. i.
Appendix No. 4), also tells of ‘an astonishing quantity of shell-fish,
“especially of cockles, which are collected in hundreds of horse-loads at
‘a time, as the people live much upon them in the summer season, and
‘ from the shells they also procure lime.’
212 Part III.—Eighth Annual Report
In the New Statistical Account, the Rev. Alexander Nicholson,
minister of the parish of Barra, tells that ‘cockles are to be found
* (1845) in the sands of Barray in such immense quantities that scores
‘of horse-loads may be taken up during a single tide.’ ee
These are some of the samples of the prominent position which the —
cockles of Barra held in the estimation of the writers on Barra between
1540 and 1845, and no account of the island is complete without a
reference to the valuable cockle beds of Barra. While cockles are —
plentiful in such localities as Benbecula, Lewis, Easter Ross, St
Andrews, and Solway in none of these can such quantities of fine
cockles be obtained as in Barra.
2. Tue CocKLE AND 1Ts Hapsits,
The cockles — genus Cardiwm—have a wide geological range, ex-
tending from mesozoic times through Tertiary strata and into the seas
of the present day. While the species that existed in Secondary and
Earlier Tertiary ages present the characteristic features of the genus, —
individuals exhibiting the specific characters of Cardiwm edule are —
found in the Coralline Crag of the Pliocene, and in succeeding Pliocene
strata down to the raised eae hns that are so well developed on different —
parts of our shores. Jeffrey * has also chronicled the presence of fossils
of C. edule from Upper Miocene strata. near Antibes. Like its fellow
Lamellibranch—the common mussel—the life of the species C. edule has
been a long one, but its ancestral history is even longer than that of
Mytilus edulis, which occurs only in the Upper Tertiaries. Be,
Corresponding with this wide distribution in time, the common _
elible cockle, like the edible mussel, is found in the North Atlantic ad
from the Polar circle to the waters of the Mediterranean, Mohr chronicling
its occurrence in Iceland, and Forbes in the Aigean. It has also been —
found in the Canaries. Aa
Some of the species of the genus Cardium are found at consider- — 4
able depths, but the common cockle abounds in sandy beaches close in-
shore. It is found in beaches above low-water mark, and also in sandy —
bays a few fathoms in depth. While it flourishes best, and attains its
greatest size in salt water, it is also present in the brackish water of
estuaries. In the latter case, however, it exists as the smaller variety
—rusticum—much smaller in size, and with a more delicate and wedge-
shaped shell.
The ground in which cockles are found is sandy and soft, and the é
common cockle is generally buried from one to a few inches belavs ne ty
surface of the bank. If the sand is too soft and easily disturbed. by
the waves, the cockle is not able to maintain a vigorous foothold a
whereas too hard ground presents an obstacle to its movements in th an |
sand. While cockles herd together in great numbers, it is only i ee
sheltered bays that they are obtained in sufficient numbers to make the
gathering of them a commercial success. Where the sands are expos
to the full force of the Atlantic and North Sea waves, they are practi 4
cally barren. Even storms in what are regarded as sheltered bays —
often cast ashore great quantities of cockles and their more seaward —
neighbours—razor-fish (Solen). The latter generally is found in’ Me,
sand in a more or less vertical position, but the position of the cock
is not nearly so constant. If cockles are left on the surface of a sand 2
bank, they bore their way obliquely downwards and have the Bi ee y
* British Conchology, vol. ii. p. 287.
i Sey MU mts ee eae ee GT OM WC RN Ty MAIN yy Rye hots yy, eR Tn
<i WPA ie Pest A w ein }
f mee ow ™ i . ; re ‘ Y 7 ‘ 2 ‘
~~
)
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 213
the two shells looking upwards and forwards. Their siphonal end—
with the inhalent and-exhalent openings—is therefore generally directed
more or less upwards. On being touched they withdraw their siphons
within the valves of the shell, which firmly interlock with each other,
the prominent ridges of one edge of the shell fitting into and inter-
locking in the corresponding depressions in the edge of the other. The
siphon tubes are short and conical, and diverge somewhat towards their
free ends. At the opposite end from the siphons the foot is protruded,
It is elbow-shaped, the distal end being pointed, and of a yellowish
brown colour. Like the other Lamellibranchs which have the power of
burrowing in sand or mud, by the alternate lengthening and thinning
of the foot, on the one hand, and by the thickening and contracting from
the point backward, on the other, the cockle is enabled gradually to
work its way forward in the sand. The reverse or ‘shoving’ process
permits its movement backwards.
While this is the method of movement of the adult cockle, the embryo
leads a free pelagic life, swimming by the aid of the embryonic organs,
which afterwards become aborted.
The thickness of the shell is extremely variable. In hard sandy
beaches the shell is thick and globular in form, as it also is in exposed
stretches of the coast; but where the ground is soft and more muddy the
shell is slightly elongated posteriorly, and also thinner than the globular
form. The thickness of shell and shape depend on the nature of the
deposit in which the animal lives and on the forces that strike against the
sandy beaches. —
In large and globular-shaped specimens the beaks of the valves are so
prominent, that by applying them back to back with the hinges at an angle
of 90 degrees, one can open them by a corkscrew-like motion of the one on
the other. In many cases, however, the shells are so soft that the beaks
or umbones are worn away without the valves being divaricated. This
softness is due to the composition of the shell, in which ‘Dr Phipson has
‘ shown that they contain more than 90 per cent. of pure carbonate of lime.’*
The great quantity of carbonate of lime in the inorganic constituents of
the shells renders these admirable as a source of lime supply, which is
easily obtained by calcining them. ‘Tho Old Statistical Account says, ‘the
‘shell of the cockle makes the whitest, if not the strongest lime.’
3. Toe Barra Cockle BEDs,
At the northern end of the Island of Barra, and facing the eastward,
| are the sand banks where the cockle is found. The sands are divided
| into three distinct portions—Traigh Mhor (in the Admiralty chart spelt
Trigh Vore) being the most southerly, Kilbar Strand or Traigh Cille
Bharra next, and Traigh Sghuir’aval (spelt in the Admiralty chart Trigh
Scurrival) lying at the extreme south end of the peninsula of Koligary.
Traigh Mhor, the most important of the three, is divided from Kilbar
Strand by the Island of Oronsay, and the latter from Traigh Sghuir’aval
by the point that juts out nearly opposite Eoligary House towards the
island of Fuday. Although there are great banks of sand on the west
side of Barra, especially opposite Borve, and south and north of Grean
_ Head, yet the exposure of these to the heavy seas of the Western Ocean
prevents the cockle obtaining a foothold there. In the case of the sand
banks of Traigh Mhor, Kilbar Strand, and Traigh Sghuir’aval, as these lie
on the east side of Eoligary peninsula, they form good ground for cockles,
* Jeffrey, Joc. cit., p. 291.
(
214 Part III —Eighth Annual Report
The further protection afforded them by the islands and wash rocks of
the Sound of Barra, in which they are situated, is also helpful. Traigh
Mohr, which is the most extensive, is also the best protector. It is
sheltered from south-easterly gales by the islands of Gighay and Hellisay,
and by the rocks and islets running westwards from Hellisay to Griana-
meal. East and north-east winds are broken by the large island of
Eriskay, by the Stack Islands, and by the wash rocks between the latter
and the island of Fuday. From all other winds it is completely protected.
Kilbar Strand is more exposed, especially to south-east winds, but the
island of Fuday shelters it from the north-east. Traigh Sghuir’aval is the
least sheltered of all. While Fuday Island protects it on the south-east,
north to north-easterly seas from South Uist, and along the western side
of South Uist, are only interrupted by the shallow banks lying at the
western entrance to the Sound of Barra and to the north of Traigh
Sghuir’aval. From high-water mark at the time of the greatest springs to
low-water mark at the same season, the sand banks of Traigh Mohr are
dry to the extent of almost a mile. Similarly at Traigh Sghuir’aval the
tide ebbs for about half a mile, while at Kilbar Strand the distance is ©
much less. The distance across Traigh Mhor from the Island of Oronsay
to the rocks on the suuthern side of Traigh Mhor at low water is three
quarters of a mile. The extent of sand banks dry at Traigh Mhor at
lowest tides is about 320 acres, or about the same as is dry at the banks
at Traigh Sghuir’aval and Kilbar Strand combined.
The banks of Traigh Mohr and Kilbar Strand are connected by the
neck of sand which, as the tide recedes, dries between Oronsay and —
Eoligary, but Traigh Sghuir’aval is completely separated off from Kilbar
Strand by the point of land about opposite Eoligary House.
Traigh Mohr is bluntly triangular, with the blunted apex pointing
shorewards, the mark of low water forming the base of the triangle.
Traigh Sghuir’aval is quadrangular, its long diameter being nearly south- —
south-east and north-north-west, while it is somewhat broader at its —
western shoreward side. It is fully two-thirds of a mile long, and the —
whole sand bank that ebbs dry contains upwards of 200 acres. As
the geological formation of Barra is Laurentian gneiss, the sand bank, —
which is the product of denudation of gneissose rocks, is composed. of i
particles of quartz felspar and mica—the predominating constituents of —
such rocks. a,
While the other two banks yield cockles, these are produced in a
greatest abundance on the beach at Traigh Mhor. But the whole of
the sandy stretches of Traigh Mhor do not furnish an equal yield, The —
cockles are comparatively few in that part of the bank nearest high
water, but from a quarter of a mile from high-water mark down to the
low-water mark of neap tides they increase in numbers and size, mie
between the low-water mark of ‘neaps’ and the low-water mark of
‘springs’ they are most abundant. At the lowest of spring tides they —
occur alongside of a plentiful supply of Solen siliqua, which, like the ,
cockles themselves, attain a giant size. I have found the cockle alse ee
to be abundant in the sand bank which stretches seawards, and is
for a few hundred yards covered by not more than 2 or 3 feet of —
water at lowest ‘springs.’ More than 200 acres of Traigh Mohr are
cockle-bearing, and the crop which this acreage is capable of producin; 5
is enormous. This extent may be considered as rich in cockles, and —
far surpasses anything that either of the other two baylets can show. Ss
So what is said has special reference to Traigh Mhor unless when ot ores
wise mentioned. Having regard to the immense quantities of co vole He
® - | ‘$
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 215
in the banks, it is astonishing how few living forms are to be found
upon the surface of the sand. The cockles are for the most part to be
found 3 or 4 inches below the surface; and even the shells of dead
cockles are quickly silted up and buried, particularly if the valves
become separated from each other. FM |
Cockles of every size, from the giant form of a little above 2 inches
in diameter to the young form of about a quarter of an inch, are to be
met with. Such large forms as the Barra cockle beds yield are seldom
to be obtained elsewhere, and it would be difficult to find so many of
these large forms anywhere at the expenditure of so little work as is
required at Traigh Mhor.
The method adopted for securing the cockle is by means of raking.
The rakes are much the same as the ordinary irou rakes used in gardens
and for gravel walks, the teeth, however, of the cockle-rake being
longer. The larger cockles, not being able to pass between the teeth of
the rake, are brought to the surface along with the dead shells that
have been silted and buried in the sand. But as the gatherers desire
not only the largest sized forms, but even half-grown cockles, they are
the latter. In this way, when many gatherers are at work at the season
of low tides the strand presents a series of drills and furrows, which,
however, are levelled in the course of a tide or two; and the beach
presents the same even surface as it did before the gatherers’ raking
took place.
' The season of cockle gathering lasts from the beginning of October
till the end of April, but occasionally a few gatherers may be at work
on the beds during the intervening months, particularly in May. The
quantities, however, gathered during these months are so small that
there may be said to be practically no cockle gathering taking place
for five months of the year. Sir John Sinclair’s Statistical Account
states the season of cockle gathering for the use of the natives them-
selves to be May, June, July, and August; but the New Statistical
Account says, ‘they commence the use of them in times of scarcity in
‘ April, and continue the use of them till the beginning of August.’
The Ordnance Gazetteer has evidently copied Sir John Sinclair's
Statistical Account, for it gives the gathering time as in the latter, and
also closely follows it in other particulars. Men, women, boys, and
girls all take part in collecting the cockles, and they are accompanied
to the strand by ponies and carts, or ponies furnished with panniers, for
the transport of the bags of cockles to the port of shipment. The men
are engaged in long-line and lobster fishing from February, and most
of them begin herring fishing with the opening season in May. While
the men are at the line and lobster fishing, gathering is done by the
other members of the household; but when the herring season opens
the women are employed at gutting and curing herrings, or at farming
operations on their crofts. Agricuitural pursuits occupy their time till
the potatoes are dug, and some are also employed in kelp gathering
and burning; but the population of Barra, when not engaged in these
duties, betake themselves in large numbers to the strand.
4. Cookies as a Source or Foop Suppty.
For the past twelve years cockles have been exported in quantity
from Barra, but previous to that the chief use of the cockle to the
natives of Barra was as an article of food for home consumption.
Whenever a population discovers that it can easily obtain what can as
compelled to perform an operation akin to hoeing in order to obtain |
Ay Ry Ro ih ON Ne TE ee Res
216 Part IIL—Kighth Annual Report
easily be converted into gold, there is a rush in most cases to convert
the produce into cash, though the momentary rush may impoverish and.
lessen the supply. Unfortunately, the statistics of the export of
cockles from Barra have only been obtained by the Fishery Board for the
last few years, but these and the information otherwise obtainable show
that the Barra people are like their acighbours in being desirous of
reaping as rich a crop as possible with the least delay, without looking |
too closely at the effects produced by over-fishing on the crops of
succeeding years.
The quantities exported since 1885 were as follows :—
1885, ... 9940 ewt. 1888, ... 2149 ewt.
1886, ... 8545 ,, 1889... 2 4880.52,
EY GR Mee yee a
The greatest quantity sent off in any month for which statistics are
available was in March 1886, when 4000 cwts, or nearly one-half of the
produce of the whole year, was despatched to market. Previous to
that, however, as much as 100 tons were shipped in one day. However
inadvisable such a large shipment to markets, now regulated largely by
the laws of supply and demand, might be, it must be remembered that
the facilities for transport were neither so rapid nor so frequent as the
steam-boat services of the present time afford. Whenthe export trade
first began great quantities of large cockles could be obtained, and of
course the time taken to fill a bag with an abundant supply of the
larger cockles is proportionately less than that required to fill it with the
smaller sizes. Now, as one native expresses it, few of the cockles get —
sufficient time to grow big. The cockles which are nowsent to market _
range from about two inches to nearly an inch in diameter, and the
tendency seems to be to send large and small alike, the latter size
predominating. Of course, it may be a question whether a bag of small
cockles will not fetch as much in the market as a bag of large cockles,
seeing a bag of half-sized cockles will contain at least twice as many
as a bag of large-sized ones. Even though the former should command
a higher price than the latter, the question comes to be whether a
greater number of bags may not be obtained from the banks, if the
cockles are allowed to grow till fully mature in size, and whether the .
increased price from the larger number of bags will not in the end
yield a larger revenue to the inhabitants of the island. BY
The markets supplied with Barra cockle are, among others, those of __
London, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Sheffield, Bradford, Leicester, o.
Leeds, Huddersfield, &c., the larger proportion going to Midland towns — a
of England. They are ’ despatched either by the mail steamer via me
Oban, or by direct steamers ‘Dunara Castle’ or ‘Hebridean’ wa
Glasgow. Each bag contains about one ewt., and the freight per bag
is 3s. 7d. to Leicester and Fristol, 3s. 4d. to London, and 3s. ld..to —
other towns mentioned. es
Like other bivalves which can form a closed cavity by approximat- ee
ing their valves, the cockle has great vitality when removed from its
natural habitat. If the weather be not too hot, it can live out of the sea
for a good many days. It is thus admirably suitable for transmission a
for long distances, and in cold weather retains its vitality unimpaired —
for days after reaching southern markets. In hot weather they are a
apt to die, if two or three days on the journey to market. ba
Their value as food has been known and appreciated for two centuries $ %
and a half. Venner, writing (Via recta ad Vitam longam) in 1650;
states :—‘Cockles are not so noisome as muscles (mussels) ; they are Bi): a ;
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 217
‘lighter concoction, and better nourishment, yet not laudable meat for
‘ such as lead studious or easy kind of life or have weak stomachs.’ *
Whether we agree or not with this ancient physiological statement, it is
interesting to notice that the value of cockles as food has been appreciated
for centuries in our own country. Cockles and mussels are a cheap food,
and are within the means of the poorer classes of the community. What
the oyster is to the upper classes and middle classes, they are to the lower
classes. ‘The poorer classes, who eat cockles in Lancashire and mussels
‘in the Midland Counties, buy whelks and periwinkles in the London
‘ markets. + .
While the epicure prefers to eat his shell-fish uncooked, in many places
-cockles are boiled ; and Jeffrey { seems to think that A‘sop refers, in his
fable when the son of the husbandman was apostrophising, ‘ O most wicked
* creatures, are you singing, while your houses are being burnt,’ to the roast-
ing of cockles. Fleming, in his History of British Animals, says ‘ cockles
‘form a very palatable food, either raw or boiled, and are considered in
‘ highest season in the spring months.’
While Forbes and Hanley (British Mollusca, vol. ii.) descant on the
cockle as most savoury food, few, who can afford to buy the more expen-
sive oyster, will acquiesce in the judgment of those who prefer cockles
to oysters, as they mention. These authors say—‘ Lieutenant Thomas
‘ informs us that in Sanda, among the Orkney Isles, during the late failure
‘of the potato crop, many of the poorer people subsisted almost entirely
‘on cockles.’ No doubt, in various districts in the Highlands—in several
places I have heard such stories from reliable witnesses—during seasons
of scarcity in bygone times the population had largely to depend for
sustenance on cockles, mussels, limpets, periwinkles, razor-fish, and edible
- seaweeds. Both Statistical Accounts dwell on the excellence of cockles
as food, and tell how in times of scarcity the people consumed cockles from
April to August. Such a diet is still preferable to the contents of the
tow-net praised as ‘food for the shipwrecked,’ but they are certainly not
obtainable by the crew of a raft in mid-ocean, as is the crustacean,
ecelenterate and other pelagic life of the ocean. Besides being inferior to
the oyster they are not superior in succulence to the fattened mussel, though
the latter may not command such a price in the English market as the
cockle.
Though generally eaten by themselves either raw or cooked, boiled
or roasted, they are also used as an addition to sauce for fish, and the
addition by many is regarded as enhancing the flavour of the sauce.
They may also be pickled, and by some are eaten in this preserved ©
condition ; but, after all, the lover of molluscan food prefers them raw.
In whichever way they are used, they form a very valuable article of
food, and the income derived in some districts from their sale is very
large. Spencer Walpole§ says, ‘the cockles which are gathered in
* Morecambe Bay are sold for at least £20,000 a year.’ Whether this
is the gross proceeds of the sale, without deduction of freight to market,
or only the amount realised for cockles before transport from More-
cambe, the sale from Barra beds cannot be expected to yield annually
anything like even the sum netted by the cockle gatherers of More-
cambe Bay. Messrs Buckland and Walpole, in their Report of 1879
of the Sea Fisheries of England and Wales, say that the value of this
* Cf. International Fisheries Exhibition Literature, vol. i. W. Stephen Mitchell,
ay the Place of Fish in a Hard- Working Diet, with Notes on the Use of Fish in Former
imes. :
+ Spencer Walpole, International Fisheries Exhibition Literature, vol. i. p. 62.
£ Loc. cit., vol. ii. p. 290.
§ Loc. cit., i. p. 47. ,
ew 4 Pe ies te ee Te Pe ie te ae eee "wee T.y DAS Dee
sah ule ds. Sy dt SIR Pe to3 RE
218 Part IIT—Highth Annual Report
little mollusc to the Morecambe Bay fishermen cannot be less than
£20,000 annually.
The value of the Barra cockles, nevertheless, if due attention is
paid to the farming of the beds, will considerably help a population
where a few pounds to each family equal a much higher sum in
wealthier parts of the country. In the Scotsman of 8th January 1886,
it is stated that 10,000 bags (10,000 cwt.) were shipped within three
months from these beds. If this quantity be taken at the price put
by Messrs Buckland and Walpole on Morecambe Bay cockles, it would
represent a value of £2500; but unfortunately, after carriage is deducted,
the natives of Barra don’t realise so much per bag as this. The popu-
lation of Barra in 1881 was 1887, or about 300 families. If an im-
proved system of regulation takes the place of no regulation at all,
with the increase of the productive value of the beds arising therefrom,
a greater sum will be obtained for each family in the island. A com-
petent authority, thoroughly acqiainted with the cockle beds of Barra,
estimates. that they should yield £4000. Dividing this among 300
families, the earning of each family from the cockle beds alone will
amount to £13 per annum. But as we may deduct at least one
third off the number of families who will avail themselves of the Barra
cockles as an additional source of revenue to the earnings of lobster,
line and herring fishing, each family on this supposition should obtain.
£20 per annum from the sale of cockles. As the season for cockle
gathering has hitherto extended from October to April, or about seven
months, this would give fifty-seven shillings to each family per month.
After lobsters and fish, the cockle is the most important of the —
fisheries of Barra. While the cod and ling fishery is yet successfully
prosecuted, the herring fishery of Castlebay and Lochboisdale has decreased
in value, and the lobster fishings are on the decline. The fishermen
have to go further to sea to set their lobster creels, and they have been
meeting with so little success that they have not prosecuted it during
the earlier months of the year, most of the lobster fishermen having
to betake themselves to line fishing. It is therefore more than ever
necessary that the cockle beds of Barra should be so worked that they
produce the greatest revenue possible to the fishermen and crofters. A
5. CoNCLUSION.
That the supply of cockles has decreased is known to those acquainted __
with the Barra cockle beds. In two years at the end of last century the
Old Satistical Account tells us that ‘no less than one hundred to two a
‘ hundred horse-loads of cockles were taken off the sands at low waterevery B
‘ day of the spring tides during the months of May, June, July, and August.’
In 1845 scores of horse-loads might be taken up during a single tide. Be. 4
Formerly a plentiful supply of large-sized cockles could be obtained a
from the sands; now the cockle-gatherers cannot collect as many half-.
sized specimens as they could once upon a time gather of the larger Be
forms. The complaint is that the cockles are not allowed to remain ie
till they attain a sufficient size, but that the sands are raked and re
raked, and as many half-sized ones as are turned up by the rakes are
transferred by the gatherers to their bags. It is also alleged that, by
constant raking, the small cockles are left on the surface of the ae a
and are washed ashore during storms of east wind. This is no doubt
partially true, but whether the great amount of damage that is alleged —
to be done in this way is actually done is open to doubt. The eel y .
PLATE IV.
. OP ca .-
.
BOT WSHOTL, ptmog Aes.ajye A,
Po; es = en Se ee at
STC eotleasoan Brae
Bl PANT,
GANVWISI VYNVeL
pH ue ott)
/ wvaum
MDL] JO PUunos
<<? kerety
Se
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. | 219
expanse of sand banks, and the gentle shallowing of the bank, militates
against such excessive damage in the case of the cockle, which can _per-
form such an active burrowing movement by means of its foot. There
is little doubt, however, about the other cause to which the decline is
attributed, viz., the gathering of under-sized forms. Each gatherer
tries with his or her neighbours to secure as many cockles as possible,
the result being that as the supply of large forms decrease, smaller and
‘smaller cockles are taken up. This has been admitted to me by
gatherers, and one of the clergyman of the island, as well as the Board’s
officer at Castle Bay, Mr Duff, states that if regulations which will
secure protection for the growth of the under-sized cockles are made,
the natives would be thankful. The people wish to be _ protected
against each other, so that if the Board’s officer had power to seize im- |
mature sizes, much good would result.
Whatever regulations are enacted, they must always satisfy one
condition, that they will benefit the people of Barra, and obtain for
them an increased revenue frum their valuable cockle beds. Such
regulations as to size in the case of the oysters produced in the basin of
Arcachon have helped to develop the oyster industry of that district,
and Denmark, Holland, and Spain have issued regulations as to the
minimum size of certain kinds of fish. The discussions which have
taken and are taking place at fishery conferences and in fishing circles
in England, in reference to the capture of under-sized fish, all lean towards
declaring a size below which fish ought not to be taken. In Scotland
we have a standard size below which lobsters are not to be sold; and
Canada has been compelled, in the interests of the lobster fishery, to also
fix a large regulation minimum size for lobsters.
Protective measures to prevent the further depletion of the cockle beds,
and to increase their productiveness, may assume one of three forms, viz.,
either by what is analogous to the rotation of crops in the agricultural
world, or by decreeing a size under which no cockles can be exported, or
by having a close season. These are not necessarily alternative, but may
be complementary. As regards a close season, this is practically in force ©
already, in so far as the heat of summer prevents cockles being transported
alive to market when that occupies more than a day or two. Cockles
should not be despatched to market during the breeding season. If a
minimum legal size in the case of the cockle were decreed, the difference
in the size attainable between cockles found in estuaries and those found /
in pure sea water, where there is no river near, should be taken into account.
While estuarine cockles do not exceed one inch and a half or one inch and
four-fifths in length, cockles easily grow to a size of two inches in such
favourable places as Barra. Besides actual measurement, a handier method
would be to select the cockles by riddling, or a maximum number might be
fixed which a measure of capacity like the gallon measure might contain.
A third helpful method, which could be worked along with regulations as
to close season and a minimum size, might be to allow only a portion of a
bank to be open during the season for gathering. Any benefit which
might be derived from the last might, however, be covered by the preceding
suggestion as to a minimum size. This last regulation works well in the
ease of the natural banks of oysters which the French Government opens
for a limited number of tides per annum to the mariners of the Maritime
Conscription, for whose benefit they are entirely conserved. ,
By adopting some such regulations as those suggested, the cockle beds
of Barra would, I believe, be as productive as they have ever been, and the Pow
chronic poverty of one of the distant Hebridean Isles would be in some
degree removed.
‘7 ae ' : it . * .
re 2 a i .
1 ee Behe i © \) » “ f 4
i y hy 4 ‘ \ ™ . . “i
Le OI ape eee aw - \ P 7 & 155%
220 Part I1T.—Eighth Annual Report
IV.—OYSTER CULTURE IN FRANCE AND HOLLAND. By
J. H. Funtuarton, M.A., D.Sc.
The oyster fisheries of Scotland, which were once so productive, have
now reached a very low ebb, the value of oysters taken in 1888 being only
£742; and unless measures are adopted to arrest the decline of these
fisheries and promote their artificial culture and rearing, as well as to
afford adequate protection, we cannot expect to derive an increased
revenue from a source whence it is quite possible to obtain an important
increase. In other countries the oyster industry has passed through a
similar stage. In France, Holland, and America the natural beds proved
quite inadequate to meet the public demands, as they had been over-fished
and depleted like those in Scotland. The destruction and depletion of
the beds in these countries was not allowed to go on indefinitely, as has
been the case in Scotland. Foreign Governments took up the subject
before absolute destruction had taken place, and established oyster culture
on an extensive scale. The results to them have been most satisfactory,
and at the present day the yield of oysters is greater than it has ever been >
With the object of becoming acquainted with the different methods I
visited the chief oyster centres from the East Schelde in Holland to
Arcachon in the south-west of France, and the main features of the
system is set forth in this paper.
The breeding and rearing of oysters is carried on in France and Holland
most successfully. In the Autumn of 1889 I visited the Dutch oyster
‘pares’ in the East Schelde, and have to record my thanks for the facilities
and kindness shown me by Dr Hoek, scientific adviser in fisheries of the
Dutch Government, Mr C. J. Bottemanne, chief inspector of fisheries to
the Zealand Fishery Board, and Dr de Leeuw of the Wemeldinge Oyster
Company. Afterwards, I visited the chief French ‘pares,’ from ‘Arcachon
northwards along the Atlantic coast to St. Malo and Cancale. M.
Raveret-Wattel, “secretary of the National Society of Acclimatisation of
France, and Dr Brocchi whose scientific labours on oyster-culture on
behalf of the French Ministry of Marine are witnessed by his various
works on the subject, facilitated my visits to different parts of the French __
littoral, and greatly helped me, by advice and otherwise, inmy examination __
of the latest developments and newest methods in oyster-culture. Tothem
I have to express my appreciation of their kindness. “s
The French have led the way in oyster-culture, and the Dutch have
shown themselves apt pupils of the French pioneers. According to Pliny,
Sergius Orata, a contemporary of Lucius Crassus the orator, has the ~
honour of being the father of oyster-culture ; but modern oyster-culture —
dates back upwards of thirty years to the time of M. Coste, who, in his
projects for resuscitating the declining oyster industry of France, was ¥
powerfully assisted by the late Emperor of the French, Had it not been a
for the ungrudging support of the French Government of that day, France
would not likely now be deriving such great revenues as she does from the —
oyster parcs. M. Coste, of the Institute of France, an enthusiastic —
pisciculturist, may be called the father of modern oyster-culture. The
oyster industry of France had been gradually declining towards the middle _
of the present century, and the first step towards reviving it may be fixed
as the journey which M. Coste took, by command of the French emperor, “S
to Lake Fusaro in Italy, where oyster-culture had been carried on for —
many years. M. Coste, having informed himself of the Italian method, —
took up the subject with great enthusiasm, and persuaded his sovenelee
“4
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 221
to embark in the new enterprise of artificial cultivation and propaga-
tion of the oyster. After the lapse of thirty years it is possible to do
justice to the labours of M. Coste, though, in the interval, his claims have
not always received the acknowledgment they deserved. That he was no
mere visionary dreamer, the present position of oyster-culture on the
French littoral is ample evidence, and the returns which the French people
have received and are receiving, fully justify the large national expendi-
ture which the French Treasury incurred in starting oyster-culture.
Mistakes were undoubtedly made, especially at St. Brieuc, in not paying
sufficient attention to the forces of nature, but hitherto unparalleled
successes, especially at Arcachon, were as surely attained. The successes
attained entirely outweigh any mistakes which were made, and which are
not unlikely to occur at the inception of any new enterprise like oyster-
culture. In oyster-culture inattention to biological and physical condi-
tions can only lead to mistakes, while a due observance of these will
further the practical development of the artificial cultivation and propaga-
tion of the oyster, when these are attempted in a practical manner on more
than merely a laboratory scale.
Questions of ownership of foreshore rights and rights to neighbouring
bottom are comparatively simple in France and Holland. In the case of
France the State is proprietor of all the foreshores and of the sea bottom
within the territorial waters, and it does not divest itself of this right.
Areas are let to capitalists and to fishermen, the State exacting a rental
therefor, and granting certain privileges of fishing on natural banks to the
seamen of its marine. In Holland there is a slight difference. The
Government owns most of the oyster and mussel ground; but there are
cases where it is difficult to say whether the Crown, as representative of
the public, or the proprietor of the ex adverso land, is proprietor of the
fishery banks. In one instance that came under my notice both the Crown
and the proprietor laid claim to mussel fisheries, and the one was as dis-
inclined as the other to submit the claim to the arbitration of a court of
justice. The difficulty was removed—not solved—by the Crown offer-
ing on lease one part of the banks in dispute, while the adjoining pro-
prietor made offer of another part of the same bank. Such disputes are
few, as the executive government soon brushes alleged titles aside,
The Dutch oyster industry is under the administration of the Zealand
Fishery Board, guided by Mr C. J. Bottemanne, chief inspector of
fisheries. The fisheries of Holland, including the Zealand oyster fishery,
are regulated by the executive, acting under the counsel of the accom-
_ plished zoologist, Dr Hoek, who devotes his whole time to the duties of
his office, which is chief adviser on fisheries to the Dutch Government.
In France the Minister of Marine has the management of the fisheries,
and has the assistance of M. Bouchon-Brandeley, chief inspector, and of
Dr Brocchi, a zoologist, who has given the best account of the French
system of cultivation and propagation of the oyster, both in its biological
and practical aspects.
The system of letting the ground differs in the two countries, though in
some respects it is similar. Before 1870 the oyster industry of Holland
_ hardly existed, but in that year the Yerscke banks in the East Schelde
were let to a society of fishermen for a period of 18 years, at an annual
_ rental of £2250. The fishermen, however, were incapable of managing
this new venture, and on their application they were relieved of their
obligation, and the banks were let to a society of merchants at a rent
£500 less than was paid by the fishermen. Now, these banks are let on
lease, which expires in 1915, and the annual rental to the Dutch Treasury
is £30,000. Dr Brocchi says, ‘In 1877 ostreiculture received in this
222 Part I1I.—Eighth Annual Report —
‘ country (Holland) a new impulse by the appointment of an inspector-
‘general of fisheries, M. Bottemanne.’ Possessed of a wise foresight,
and indefatigable energy, the large revenues of the Dutch Government
from the oyster and mussel fisheries are largely due to his intelligent
management. Besides accompanying me in an examination of the banks
in the steam-yacht of the Zealand Fishery Board, which is not unlike the
‘Garland,’ though a little smaller, he furnished me with plans, conditions
of lease, and information on his whole management of the fisheries. The
beds are parcelled out in rectangular lots of limited size—2 acres being
the usual extent—and these are, on a fixed and advertised date, let by
public auction for a limited number of years. ‘The result of this system
is an increasing revenue to the Dutch Treasury.
In France matters are somewhat different. The Naval Department,
or Ministry of Marine, are charged not only with Admiralty duties, but
also with the management of the fisheries. Though a foreigner at first —
sight may not be able to trace a close connection between the two,
when the fact is noted that the Government of France takes a paternal
interest in the condition of its maritine population, and must find
conscripts to man its fleet, and when it is known that the fisheries are
cultivated with this object, it is seen that there is reason for one depart-
ment being at the same time the conscriptive authority and the means of
helping time-expired conscripts to earn their bread without having to
migrate or emigrate.
In parcelling out the oyster ground the French, like the Dutch, divide
it off by means of stakes into lots of from half an acre upwards. These
lots are either given to the conscripts who have served their time in the
navy at a nominal rental, or they are let to ostreiculturists at 30 to 35
francs per hectare in Arcachon, and at 80 francs per hectare in the
Morbihan. The rental is therefore about 10s. per acre at Arcachon, and
about 25s. per acre in the Morbihan. In Holland leases are generally
given for a period of fifteen years, though there are cases where the let
is for thirty years, with certain breaks in the lease. Some of the mussel.
banks are let for five years only. In France, on the other hand, the
tenure, though nominally a yearly one, is in practice longer, as, if the
beds are well cultivated and to the approval of the maritime authorities,
there is no disturbance of tenure.
When the Government in this way lets oyster beds and derives a
revenue therefrom, it exercises a certain amount of protection, the lessees
also guarding their own interests. In the case of the East Schelde, the
controlling authority, the Zealand Fishery Board, possesses some five boats, Me
which are used in the survey of the beds and in affording protection to —
the lessees, one of the boats at least being fitted with the electric light for 4
night duties. In addition to this police patrol, the larger ostreiculturists _
have also boats and watchmen of their own. In France the gardes-de- 4 4
péche protect chiefly the Government oyster beds, which are reserved for —
the marine conscripts, but they and the servants of the ostreiculturists —
also watch the pares of the capitalist. At Arcachon the bay is dotted over
with pontons, species of arks, being in fact boats with houses built on them,
which serve as watch-houses for the fishermen—parquers—of the pre
prietors of the parc.
The oyster which is cultivated in France and Holland is Ostrea edulis,
the bivalye which existed once upon a time in such quantities in the —
lochs of the west of Scotland and in the Firth of Forth. But, besides — Be
this oyster, the French introduced the Portuguese oyster Ostrea angulata
which is a much coarser species then the native French oyster, though —
perhaps a more prolific form. It maintains a vigorous coven eae
™ \Hancngslestee ie are i hae Sie se) ry y R ie uy 7 wiry , w*> :
, f 7
a ® W 4 \ eo pon z
Bam. * * ote f
of the Fishery Bourd for Scotland, 223
the coast about the mouth of the Gironde, but it is not cultivated in the
waters of the Morbihan. It is a dicecious form, while the common oyster
is moncecious or hermaphrodite.
For convenience, the system of oyster cultivation may be treated under
two divisions: 1. The Production of Oysters, 2. The Growth of Oysters.
The Production of Oysters.
The obj ect of oyster-culture at this stage is to obtain the greatest possible
quantity of spat in such a position that the young oysters can be readily
transferred for purposes of growth from one locality to another.
Pisciculture has reached a high state of development, so far as artificial
fertilisation is concerned. Artificial fecundation has made the stocking of
depleted lakes and streams possible in this country, in America, and in
other countries, but the biological conditions which it is necessary to
observe prevent the same method being followed in the case of the
oyster. In those molluscs where the young undergo development within
the mantle chamber or tHe gills of the mother, no artificial medium has
been found which can take the place of the fuid found within the maternal
shell. Till this is done it will be idle to look for results in the fertilisation
of the oyster after the same method as is adopted among teleosteans,
The eggs of Ostrea edulis are fertilised within the body of the animal,
and the first stages in the life history of the young oyster are passed
within the valves of the mother. After the young oyster attains a
certain stage in its development it leaves its mother, and is carried
along by the currents of water in the sea. It then gives up its pelagic
existence and becomes moored to some solid substance in the water,
where it remains fixed for the rest of its life, unless it is artificially
removed. By nature the young oyster becomes attached by the apex or
umbo of the concave valve to shells, stones, and other solids on the bottom
of the neighbouring areas. Sometimes, especially where there are strong
currents, the pelagic oyster may be carried long distances, but where the
dispersive forces are not great it settles down in the neighbourhood to a
fixed existence. It is at this stage that man can greatly assist by supply-
ing fit resting places—collectors—tfor the spat.
For the collection of spat the first essential condition i is the presence
of a large number of mother-oysters. M. Coste’s classical experiment
kept this in view, and the French Government have continuéd his policy.
Of the millions of millions of the free swimming spat only a small pro-
portion becomes fixed and captured by man. The policy therefore of the
_ French Government, in setting aside certain banks—lanes reserves—and
of the parquers in keeping a large supply of mother-vysters in suitable
localities for spatting purposes, assures, if the conditions are favourable,
an abundant quantity of young oysters. The Dutch lessees also keep
_ large stocks of oysters, and their collectors receive a supply of spat from
the embryos set free from the breeding-oysters. Both French and Dutch
ostreiculturists, who possess an experience of other than their own coasts, —
urge the necessity, if oysters are to be laid down in suitable localties in
Scotland, that they should be laid down in quantity, and suggest millions
instead of thousands, if oyster-culture is to be a success. One ostrei-
culturist whom I met near St. Malo, informed me that his firm had
sold to M. Coste two and a half millions of oysters, which were planted
in one bay, where there were previously natural banks.
Different forms of collectors have been employed at different times. In
the infancy of oyster-eulture bundles of twigs, anchored above the bottom,
were the favourite collectors, but as the French perfected themselves in
} bee
ele Was tN ht TARE Gdt Miers At WY aa, oe
ve uP J WF Lat Shs
hes hab heal bs tars Se en * tae
vif : BA a Tied wy evi ¢ Vi y
reas site 1!
s :
224 - Part III.—Highth Annual Report
methods, new applicances were devised for the collection of the spat.
Not only must the spat be collected by such appliances, but it must be
collected in such a way that the removal of the young oysters can be easily
accomplished without material loss. In the case of twigs, and also in
the case of stones, which were used as collectors, the injury to and the
destruction of the young oysters was very great. Tiles—ordinary roofing |
tiles—were employed, and when the young oysters were fit to be removed,
they were either taken off by the aid of a knife to separate the attached
valve of the shell from the tile, or the tile was cut into pieces by means
of a pair of shears orsharp pincers. The better method—breaking the tile _
into pieces, with a young oyster attached to each piece—is continued in
certain places to this day, the belief being that the piece of attached tile
is an additional protection to the young and thin-shelled oyster against
the ravages of the crab and other enemies. There is doubtless a certain
amount of truth in this, but the protection afforded by the other
appliances obviates the necessity of the process. The breaking of the
tile into pieces is still to be seen, especially in the oyster parcs of the
Morbihan.
The ordinary methods of collecting at present, both in France and
Holland, is either by specially treated tiles, or by supplying quantities of
cockle and other shells to the beds. These latter are called natural collectors,
and are used especially in the district of Arcachon. While on the tile the
oyster is an appendage, on the shell the oyster which is the appendage
soon changes places, and the cockle or other shell becomes the appendage
of the oyster. Empty shells are not always obtainable in sufficient
quantity, but they are greatly desired in the centres of reproduction, as
they form not only resting-places for the embryos, but they also supply —
lime to the water for secretion by the growing and shell-forming oysters. __
The tiles, first tried as collectors in the establishment of Madame Felix
at Regneville, were treated by a process devised by Dr Kemmerer in order
that the detroqguage, or removal of the oyster from the tile, might be facili-
tated, and the loss by breaking the slender shells of the oyster reduced toa
minimum. The process is to dip the tiles into a solution of lime and ~
water, and allow the tile so coated to dry, then pass the tile through a bath
of hydraulic lime, mixed with sand, and chalk in some cases. In others —
the tiles are first “‘ white-washed,” then dried and coated with a thin —
covering of mortar. The first process permits the young oyster to be —
easily removed; removal can be performed by the finger-nail, but it is —
generally done by an instrument like a glazier’s putty-knife. The coat of —
mortar is for the adherence of the spat. ‘This is the typical method as
performed at Arcachon. At Wemeldinge in Holland it differs slightly. —
There the mortar used is harder, being chiefly composed of hydraulic lime _
with a little sand and chalk, and so “the removal is effected by cutting —
round about the individual young oysters and scraping them off. The D
principle is the same, but the details differ. 4
As to the localities suited for the production of spat the pre-requisite —
already mentioned is the presence of a large number of mother-oysters, but
there are other things which must be taken into account before collectors
are placed for the reception of spat. While reproduction i is attended with _
best results in purely salt water, growth and fattening is greatly promoted —
where there is an addition of fresh water to the salt water of the sea, — At -
Arcachon the water of the bay, which is connected with the Atlantic by a
narrow mouth, and extends at high water to an area of nearly 40,000 —
acres and at low water about 12,000 acres, is salter than the ocean. It j 13.
here where the largest operations in artificial cultivation are carried on,
and where perhaps the most advanced methods are pursued. Sade or ,
Of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 225
_ The saltness of the water, then, being helpful, the nature of the bottom
may hinder or assist operations. The bottom should be sufficiently hard
to prevent the tiles when laid in the water being silted up and covered
with mud. Arcachon and the Morbihan form a great contrast in this
respect. While the bottom at Arcachon is composed of gravel, sand, and
mud, and presents a comparatively firm stratum, in the indentations of the
Morbihan the bottom is of very soft mud, that would rapidly bury the tiles
if they were placed upon it. In the East Schelde the conditions of
bottom are more akin to what is found at Arcachon, and consequently the
arrangement of the collectors is much the same.
Another condition which is essential to success is that the spot chosen
for placing the collectors should be in a sheltered locality, and not
exposed to the violence of the sea. At St. Brieuc the neglect of this
condition caused a loss of oysters and collectors, and seemed almost to
thwart the efforts which the French were making in the new enterprise
of artificial cultivation.
_ The particular place for placing the collectors, in order that they may
be clothed with a sufficient amount of spat, is where there is a gentle current
and eddies carrying the embryos which have been set free from the
mantle chamber of the mother. The embryos are thus brought in
contact with the collectors and rest on them. |
As to the time when the tiles should be placed in the water, that varies
at different points, all agreeing, however, that not till the embryos have
been liberated from the mother’s shell should the tiles be placed in the
water. The reason for this is obvious. If the tiles are deposited too
soon, they become covered with dirt and overgrown with seaweed,
ascidians, and polypes, and so do not offer a good situation for the young
oyster to settle upon. The date at which they should be placed in the
sea depends on the temperature of the water. When the temperature of
the water has risen to 18° C. (64° Fahr.) the tiles are deposited. At
Arcachon the tiles are deposited in the water from the 12th or 15th of
June, or, in a cold season, as late as the beginning of July. In Brittany
the water is not so warm, and. so the tiles are not placed till sometime
are deposited in June or July, the time depending on the season. The
temperature-index is one way (the handiest in fact) of ascertaining the
stage of development of the embryos ; the other is to examine the female
organs, carefully note their condition, and ascertain the time taken for
the extruded egg to develop till it becomes a free swimming pelagic
embryo. |
_ The arrangement of the tiles differs at different places, as do also the
size and the shape of the tiles. They are like ordinary roofing tiles,
concave on one side and convex on the other. The tiles used at Arcachon
are longer than those I have seen elsewhere. ‘They are 20 inches long,
9 inches broad at the one end and 5 at the other. In Holland and in
the’ Morbihan, while the tiles are slightly shorter, they are of equal breadth
at either end. In placing them they are so arranged that currents
and eddies are promoted between different tiles and different rows of tiles.
At Wemeldinge in Holland the tiles are laid down near the shore,
% outside of the dyke of the polder—polder is the land reclaimed from the
. sea—and are placed parallel to and against each other, the tiles in the
| row being placed obliquely to the bottom on which they lie. At Arcachon
- In France the tiles are deposited in rows, with their concave surfaces
| towards the bottom, each row of tiles being transverse to the one
_ immediately above and below it. While, in the cases of some, especially
the marines who hold pares, the tiles are placed in this way on the
P
later, between the 25th June and the middle of July. In Holland they ©
° 2
= org
we
+> Mes é €:
ihe Se
x - z : << =
a 7 5 - er >
a SR SR a RO SE AE
=“: , *s % 2 = ag ee - .
oe > : r ; 2 : — ee Gea < a eee
eee ee = — a > =
Sav Meee tad Senate fi" FY hats See
226 Part LI1.—EKighth Annual Report
ground, the ostreiculturist of capital does not lay the tiles onthe ground,
but places them in crate-like structures, the tiles being arranged after the
same manner as those on the ground. ‘This method prevents breakages,
and facilitates the deposit and lifting of the collectors. ;
Neither of these methods—dispositions des tuiles en ruches—will suit
the state of matters in the indentations or rivers of the Morbihan. The
mud there is as soft as it is on the mussel beds of our coast, and another
method of arranging the tiles had to be devised. M. Leroux in 1866 hit |
on a method whereby the tiles could be employed as collectors and still
not be in contact with the bottom. It is known as the arrangement of
the tiles in bouquets—disposition des tuiles en bouquets—and the lowest
of the tiles is from 6 to 8 inches above the level of the mud. Tiles of
about 13 inches are chosen, which are convex on the upper side and
concave on the lower. At either end of each tile a hole is bored for the
passage of a galvanised iron wire. There are two tiles running parallel
in the lowest row, and placed transversely at either end to these are two
other tiles, through which the four wires are passed. This transverse
arrangement and stringing of tiles on four wires is continued till there
are altogether ten or twelve tiles strung together. A pole several feet
long is passed through the space in the centre of the arrangement
parallel to the wires, and the four wires are fastened to the top of this
pole. The four wires at the bottom are also bound to the pole, and the
whole arrangement has been compared to a mushroom—champignon—
where the pole represents the stalk and the tiles the umbrella of the
mushroom. The pole, loaded with the ten or twelve tiles, is inserted in
the mud till the lowest tile is at least six inches above the surface of the
mud. |
Besides the tiles and the shells, planks of wood in some places are em-
ployed as collectors of spat, but I have only seen them used by the
peasants. They are coated with a mixture of similar composition to what
is put on the tiles, and several of them are nailed together by small cross
pieces, the whole being anchored some distance above the bottom of the
collecting ground.
In some places the Portuguese oyster attaches itself to the rocks on the 7
foreshores, and the peasants ‘strip them off when this is possible by a ‘chisaly
like knife.
In Holland the tiles which are placed in the sea in June or J ce must —
be lifted under penalty of a heavy fine before the first of December. —
Some of the Dutch ostreiculturists remove the young oysters straightway —
from the tiles, but Dr. de Leeuw, who has been called the most scientific of 4 ;
Dutch ostreiculturists, transfers his tiles when lifted fromthe sea to theponds —
which are constructed inside of the dyke in the polder. Others, howerei 4
remove the young oysters at once from the tiles and place them in cases —
in the hospitaals ; but the Wemeldinge Oyster Company does not remove -
the oysters from the tiles till they are one year old.
In the Morbihan the president of the Society of Ostreicu) turiste Ala
Jardin—-places his tiles in the sea between 15th June and 3lst July, ing
does not lift them till lst March, when the young oysters are removed —
from them. Others again allow them to remain on the tiles for a longer t-
period, in some cases as many as eighteen months or even two years before —
they are removed. Those parquers who don’t coat the tiles with mortar, —
remove the oysters—hwitres a tesson—therefrom by breaking the tiles ab i:
the end of the first year. -,
The young oysters which have been removed from the collectors are
carefully nursed and tended from their enemies till they are protected by
a thick shell, when they are transferred to the growing fog oe the
Tee
, sees Si are phy ARy gene ie 6 BAL.) oe aie) te “e yan As hae ea aa
> Shes 1 ; f
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. i ae
stage of removal from the tiles the young oysters, if not protected would
become the prey of the star-fishes, the crabs, and the boring molluscs. . To
prevent the ravages of these enemies all ostreiculturists of any note adopt
special] measures. The young thin-shelled forms are transferred to cases
or ambulances—cazsses ostréophiles—which are set down in the water.
‘Michelet of Arcachon. They are formed of four pieces of wood—four to
six inches broad—nailed together to form a framework, two to three feet
broad and four to six feet long ; to this framework is fixed a bottom of
galvanised wire-cloth, and there is often a lid of the same material to close
the case. Generally there are four legs on the case to permit of its stand-
ing a few inches above the ground.
The oysters remain for a longer or shorter time in these cases, They
may be transferred to the elaires, which at Arcachon average from 50 to 70
metres long by 10, 15, and even 30 metres broad. At Arcachon these
claires are formed by being enclosed by walls of clay about a foot. high.
The clay face being secured either by boarding or by a breast-wall of
heather on the outside. They remain in the clavres till they are transferred
to the fattening and growing grounds. Arcachon natives are sent to
Marennes, and an ie Tremblade to be greened and fattened, and to Ile
d’Oleron and other places to be fattened. The oysters of the
‘ing Vannes, Auray, St. Philibert and La Trinité—are sent to the greening
and fattening establishments at Marennes and La Tremblade, or to more
northern places, such as Whitstable and the ports on the French side of the
Channel. Of course, some of these are also made ready for the market
near their birthplaces, but Arcachon and Brittany are essentially for the
production of the spat.
In Holland great quantities of spat are produced in the East Schelde ;
many are fattened on the Yersche Banks, and many are exported to the
fattening grounds of Essex and Belgium:
The Growth and Fattening of the Oyster.
The conditions necessary to growth and fattening differ somewhat from
those required for breeding. While reproductive activity requires the
to be a large and plentiful supply of spat; oysters will flourish and fatten
in waters that are neither so warm nor so exclusively salt. Mud,
which has been seen to be so hurtful to young oysters may be exceedingly
helpful to adult forms. In France especially, the oyster industry is
divided into two very distinct branches, either of which, if carried out in
an enterprising and intelligent manner, is successful. The French have
for long perceived this, aud many ostreiculturists devote themselves to one
branch almost exclusively. If this fact had not been so often lost sight of,
the ventures that have been made in England and in Ireland would not in
so many instances have failed.
Gironde, in the Charénte Inferieure, in the districts of Marennes and La
Tremblade. There are other localities in the north, especially along the
_ shores of the English Channel, where fattening operations have also been
and are most successful. The ‘Dutch can fatten their oysters at Yersche,
in the neighbourhood of the spatting ground. They send them to Ostend,
| Whitstable, and Colchester, where the different ‘natives’ are fattened.
| It will be sufficient, however, to describe the fattening operations at La.
| Tremblade and Marennes, These two places are chiefly famous for the
These cases costfrom ten to fifteen francs, and were the invention of M. —
second great ceutre of reproduction in France—the Morbihan, compris-.
water to be of high specific gravity, and a high temperature, if there is -
The chief fattening ground of France is situated to the north of the
.
|
|
228 Part III —KEighth Annual Report
ereening and fattening of the oyster ; but on the north of the river Seudre,
which separates La Tremblade from Marennes, and opposite Ile d’Oleron,
the oyster can be fattened and still remain white.
The chief point to be noticed is that the oysters are transferred to a
locality rich in food, and fulfilling other conditions of nutrition—to pares
@ elevage.
The oysters which it is not desired to green are laid aaa either on the
banks of mud, or on the gravel and rocks close to land. These are
laid down in the sea directly, but others are transferred to pars, viviers et
depéts—reservoirs—which are in direct connection with the sea at all times ;
but if it is sought to green the oysters, these are laid down in specially
prepared claires, which are often some distance removed from the river
Seudre, and have only connection with the sea at the times of ‘springs.’
The claires are the property of the proprietors of the neighbouring lands,
and thus differ from the foreshore concessions or Seon pares let by the
Government.
The greening claires are either high or low, sttaatad according to their
distance from the Seudre. They are bounded by banks of mud about a
metre high, and they are provided with sluices to regulate the entrance
and exit of water. Inside the bounding banks a ditch runs round the
claire, and the bottom of the clave slopes from the centre downwards to-
wards the ditch. Oysters which are placed in one of those specially prepared
clatres generally begin to green in about a fortnight, though some of them
take longer. ‘The labial palps, gills, and intestine become green-coloured
from the presence of a diatom, Navicula ostrearia, and the green oysters
are regarded by connoisseurs as special delicacies. While the greening is
taking place the oyster fills up and fattens, becoming ready for the
market in a comparatively short time.
The claire has to be prepared every year, and there are two steps in —
the preparation. They are dug, and the ground is cleared and hardened
by evaporation. After the draining and hardening of the rounded —
surface, the ground cracks, and the process of graluge is completed, This
process occupies six or eight weeks, and is succeeded by the second step.
A small quantity of water is introduced, and ultimately the bottom is —
covered by a white, creamy effervescence—humeur. This completed, the
claire is ready to receive the oysters, which have to be greened and
fattened. +
Oysters are received in March and April, and they are edible in ©
September and October. The mortality is great, averaging about 20 per
cent., but the proprietors, who buy oysters from the Morbihan and ~
Arcachon at 15 to 25 franes per thousand, realise for them 30 to 90 francs,
the average being from 40 to 50 francs per thousand. | “ie
The ground i in the Morbihan is not only too soft for the laying of the ;
tiles upon, necessitating the placing them en bouquet to receive the spat, 4
but in places it is even too soft to lay down oysters for fattening. Dea
Gressy, to render this soft ground suitable for placing oysters upon it,
mixed the mud with gravel, and so hardened or macadamised the ground
of the parc, thus reclaiming it and making it suitable for oyster parcs. —
CONCLUSION.
It is exceedingly desirable that general information as to the best a
methods, or the methods which in other countries have yielded the best
results, should be as widely made known as possible, especially among — 4
these meditating the starting of oyster culture on different parts of the
Scottish seaboard. There is a pretty widely diffused notion that one
; i Lie
+.
<.. »
ae
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 229
_ thing might be done towards cultivating oysters in Scotland; and there
can be no doubt that there are places in Scotland where oyster culture
would have a reasonable prospect of success. This is especially true for
those localities where oysters formerly existed in abundance, but even
there close attention is an essential of success. It cannot be too much
insisted on that there are two distinct branches of oyster culture, viz.,
the breeding and the feeding, requiring entirely different characters of
water, ground, &c. Recently I saw tiles which had been laid down in a
western loch, presumably for the purpose of catching the spat, whicl{,
however, had been laid duwn rather for giving a basis of attachment for
serpule and barnacles. By the time the oysters will be ready to spat, if
they do spat, the entire surface of the tiles will be in such a condition
that there will be no room for the oyster spat. Tiles which are laid in
the water five or six months before the oyster has been known in this
country to throw its spat, can only be covered with mud and a variety of
organisms, whose seasons of reproduction are much earlier, and whose
young take up every foot of available space of such surface as clean
tiles will present. The collectors—tiles’ or otherwise—should not be
placed in the water until after examination, it has been found that the
bulk of the oysters are ready to spat.
Besides a dissemination of accurate information as to the methods of
_ oyster culture, a knowledge of the physical, biological, and other conditions
_of reputed oyster ground ought to be obtained. The Fishery Board is
now engaged in this work, and several lochs on the West Coast of Scot-
land are being investigated with this object in view.
As to the branch of the oyster industry to which oyster cultivators
might look for success, on the West Coast of Scotland in selected
localities we could at least feed and fatten oysters. We have not
sufficient information as to the spatting of the West Coast oyster, and we
cannot rely on the waters of our coast being so warm as the French seas are.
Yet even with our less warm waters, oysters have in recent years spatted
in our seas. I have dredged oysters on the West Coast which ranged in
age from two years upwards. Some were spatted as late as 1888, while
Je Mle ess produced in 1886, in one of our western lochs.
Attempts have been made at oyster culture in Scotland, but the best
authorities agree that if oyster culture is to make permanent progress in
this country, experimental operations should be conducted on a much
more extensive scale than hitherto. Intending ostreicultruists should
bear in mind that they can obtain a cheap supply of oysters, ranging in
size from one inch to two and a half or even three inches, at a very
reasonable figure, and that now when special steamers have been built for
conveying oysters from France, the mortality in transport is reduced to a
minimum. The proprietors of oyster-feeding parcs in France find that
this industry gives a very large return, and if the same were attempted
in Scotland, I have no doubt that lessees of suitable ground, might
engage in this branch, 7.e., in oyster fattening, with reasonable prospects
of success. .
\
ee
.
:* ull - *
a he
‘tained annelids in both years.
230 Part I1L—Highth Anauwal Report
SECTION B.—BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS.
-
I.—ON THE FOOD OF FISHES. By W. Ramsay Smiru, B.Sc.
The following pages embody the results of a second year’s observations 3
on the food of fishes, carried on chiefly by Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.S., on
board the ‘Garland.’ Although the observations have not been made
quite continuously during either year, the results already obtained give
very decided indication of the lines along which investigations will have
to be made, and promise to shed much light on the hitherto very obscure
subject of the food of our commonest food fishes. The introductory
remarks here made will be confined almost exclusively to the fish
examined in the Forth and in St Andrews Bay, since: the Se ape there
furnish the best record of facts for comparison.
To begin with, one noteworthy fact is the similarity of this year’s.
results to those of last year, as regards both the Firth of Forth and St
Andrews Bay, wherever the numbers of fish examined have been sufficient
to justify the expectation that the percentages recorded are trustworthy
indications of the extent to which fishes feed on any particular genus or
species of animals. Another fact is that the same kinds of fish feed most
abundantly on similar food, say echinoderms, annelids, crustaceans,
molluses, fish, both in the Firth of Forth and in St Andrews Bay, although
there may be variations in the relative numbers of the genera, and in
the particular species, forming the bulk of their food; these variations —
being due to the differences in the faunas of the two localities, or to other
causes at present unknown. A few notes on the food of some of the —
important fishes, based on the results of the two years’ investigations of
the Firth of Forth and St-Andrews Bay, may be given.
Plaice.—The chief food of these consists of annelids, Sabella, Prin i
Nereis, and Stpunculus being the commonest forms in the Firth of Forth |
in both years; and Terebella, Phyllodoce, and Nereis in St Andrews Bay. —
The large number of unidentified annelids found must, however, be borne |
in mind in this connection. Next in order, but to a slightly less extent, 4
come molluscs, the most common forms being Scrobicularia, Venus, Solen, — be
and Mactra in the Firth of Forth; and, in addin to these, Nucula in-
St Andrews Bay. Arthropods are "much less important as food, especially —
in the Firth of Forth; but in St Andrews Bay Ampelisca and Portunus :
are fairly common. Fish forms almost no part of the food of plaice, — |
except at Station VI. in the Firth of Forth, where sand-eels were largely
eaten by plaice in 1888. Echinoderms seem to be of little importance “a
food to plaice.
Lemon Soles.—In the Firth of Forth these feed most largely on anne-~
lids, as do plaice, and on the same forms; but the place of molluscs is
taken by arthropods, as next in importance in the diet of the lemon sole, oy a
molluscs, echinoderms, and fish being comparatively unimportant. In
Andrews Bay only a few lemon soles were examined, and seg all co
Common Dabs.—The diet of these is more varied than that of ths iw i
forms already mentioned. In the Firth of Forth arthropods (oe 5
chiefly of hermit crabs), and in St Andrews Bay annelids (Toni
vs
“ e " cb. Miaporas ties it A eee Ltd Prag ee at! aa oy Web) Vet. me ol
wee ¥
Ms Crave : i
. b] ; j
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 231
Arenicola, Phyllodoce, and others) formed most of the food. Next in
importance were echinoderms (sand-stars) in both localities. Annelids in
the Firth of Forth are of nearly equal importance to arthropods in St
Andrews Bay ; molluscs and fish form about the same proportions at both
places.
Long Rough Dabs.—These differ very much in their feeding from the
fish already mentioned. In the Firth of Forth no other fish, with perhaps
the solitary exception of the haddock, feeds so largely on echinoderms.
Arthropods (especially Crangon and hermit crabs) form a somewhat
larger proportion of their food ; while annelids, molluscs and fish form a
- very small part indeed. In St Andrews Bay these fish seem to live
almost exclusively on echinoderms, sand-stars being found in above 80
per cent. Arthropods (all Cr angon) were found in from 7 to 15 per cent. ;
annelids and fish were rarely found, molluscs not at all.
Witch Soles.—In the Firth of Forth these fish feed very largely if not
almost exclusively on annelids (especially Sabella). Arthropods (chiefly
Crangon and Ampelisca) form a small part of their diet along with
molluses (Scrobicularia), while echinoderms and fish are found on very
rare occasions. In St Andrews Bay no witch soles were examined.
Flounders.—Of these 39 specimens were examined in the two years in
the Firth of Forth, but none contained any food. In St Andrews Bay
they feed chiefly on annelids (Terebella and Arenicola), Crangon,
Hupagurus, Echinus, Solen, and goby being the only other forms found.
Gurnards live both in the Forth and in St Andrews Bay on a very
varied diet of arthropods (especially Crangon, Pandalus, Portunus, Eu-
pagurus) and .fish (herrings, sprats, sand-eels, whitings, dabs, pipe-fish,
lump-suckers, pogge), with an occasional annelid or mollusc. Only in one
instance were echinoderms (Ophiura albida) found out of 630 stomachs
examined, 407 of which contained food.
Cod.—In the Firth of Forth these fish feed largely on a very varied
assortment of arthropods and fish, molluscs and annelids forming subor-
dinate articles of diet, and echinoderms being very rarely found. In St
Andrews Bay only a few cod were examined ; arthropods, annelids, and
- fish formed their sole food.
Haddocks.—In the Firth of Forth these fish are perhaps the most equal
or indiscriminate feeders. Arthropods were found in 50 to 59 per cent.
of stomachs containing food; echinoderms and annelids in from 20 to
26 per cent. In 1888 molluscs were found in 23 per cent., and fish in
14 per cent., while in 1889 molluscs were found in 53 per cent., and
fish in only 3 per cent.; so that one might say that molluscs in this ~
latter year took the place of fish in the dietary of the haddock. In
St Andrews Bay not many haddocks were examined, but the absence
of fish as an article of their diet is noteworthy.
_ Whitings.—In the Firth of Forth whitings feed chiefly on fish, and
would seem to prefer this article of diet. Arthropods form a smaller
part of their food. Molluscs and annelids would appear to be unim- —
portant, aud no echinoderm has been found in any of the stomachs
- examined, In St Andrews Bay only a few were examined:
Skate.—In the Firth of Forth arthropods (Portunus, Pandalus, Crangon,
Nephrops) form the chief food of the skate. Fish come next in import-
ance, aud consist of herrings, whitings, and flat-fish. Molluses and
- echinoderms are rare; annelids are not ‘found. In St Andrews Bay the
‘food is similar, except that molluscs are more common and annelids are
represented. .
Cat-fish.—In the Firth of Forth arthropods (Hupagurus, Hyas, Por-
tunus, Cancer, Nephrops, Crangon, Galathea) were found in about 50 per
yrs |
oh P , ¥ i i , ie. ; . a
1, ee wees. wt ae ;
rf Ng ML Py Dae ea
g EN SR ASOT Perens Laka ise San
; fyi " ; Salleh att 8 neh bala ia
ys = *
A“ Ras x : wy, Y
ahh P {
232 Part IIL.—Lkighth Annual Report
cent. ; sand-stars and molluses (Pecten, Buccinum, Cardium) were found
each in about 30 per cent.; annelids and fish as articles of food were
merely represented.
Angler Fish.—Without doubt fish forms almost the sole article of aide
of the angler. Whitings, herrings, sprats, skate, haddocks, cod, sand-
eels, rockling, long rough dabs, and other flat-fish have all been found in
the stomachs examined. Only one stomach of 33 containing food con-
tained anything but fish, viz., an arthropod (Hupagurus).
The food of very young fish is a subject requiring much investigation.
It is but slightly referred to in the following pages ; two short paragraplis
record all that has been done with regard to it.
A comparison of the food of the same kinds of fish at the outlying and
the inshore stations would prove, as one can already see, very interesting
and instructive ; but such a comparison will be more confidently made
when another year’s observations of food are recorded, and a list is before
one of the fauna brought up by the trawl-net and dredge at the various
stations during the different months of the year. Then also would be _
the proper time to deal with the whole subject in a comprehensive
manner, with the certainty that something at least is known of the habits
and food of food-fishes, and the reasonable expectation that something —
may be done to preserve and improve the food supply of the more valu- —
able fishes in different localities, and to prepare the way for the introduc-
tion of valuable fish, where now they are scarce, _
I. FIRTH OF FORTH.
Prator.
(Pleuronectes platessa).
Of 328 stomachs examined 57 were empty, and the contents of 7 weré — i
indistinguishable:* 264 contained matter that could be identified. The —
following notes refer to these 264 :— ie.
Echinoderms were found in 24 stomachs (9%). They consisted of (1)
Ophiura, at Station II., in two in May ; at Station IV., in two in May and —
in one in March; at Station VI., in one in April, in two in May, in one in —
June, in three in February and in one in March ; and at Station VII., in a
two in May and in one in June: (2) Amphiura (sp. Jilitormis), at Station
VIL, in two in June, in three in August and in one in March: (3). a
Ophiogl, ypha, at Station IV., in two in August and at Station VI., in one ©
in August: (4) Echinocardium (sp. cordatus), at Station VIIT., in one a
in August: (5) Asterias, at Station IIT., in one in July. | 44
Annelids were found in 167 stomachs (63 7%). They consisted of (ay
Sabella, at Station I, in two in June, in one in July and in two in Mare
at Station IL, in two in June; ; at Station III., in one in July and
in four in November ; at Station IV., in one in August and in six in A.
March ; at Station V., in two in August and in two in March ; at Station —
VL, in rein in June ; ‘i Station VIIL., in one in J june, in one e July and By
in one in August ; ‘and at Station IX, in one in August and in one hee
November: (2) Priapulus (sp. caudatus), at Station I., in one in March
at Station II., in one in August; at Station IIL, in fonr i in June; and 4% if
Station VIIT., in two in August: (3)Vereis, at Station I., in one in Jt whey
»
* Those recorded as ‘indistinguishable ’ generally sgt ne some pulp or mucus,
al
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 233
at Station IL, in one in July ; at Station III, in one in July; at Station
IV., in one in August; at Station V., in one in June; and at Station
VIL, in one in August: (4) Sipunculus, at Station IT., in one in June ;
at Station IV., in one in March ; at Station VI., in one in June; and at
Station VIL, in one in June and in three in August: (5) Arenicola, at
Station III., in one in June and in one in July; at Station IV., in one in
June; and at Station VII., in one in August: (6) Aphrodite, ‘at Station
II., in one in July and in one in August; and at Station VIL, in one in
June and in one in March: (7) He hiurus, ‘at Stations II. and UL, in one
in July ; and at Station VII., in one in August. 106 stomachs contained
annelids that could not be identified. The proportion of the stomachs in
which annelids were found to the total number of stomachs containing
distinguishable matter at the various stations is as follows :—Station L.,
OMotcoks ILE) lb. 0802.9 Til, 36 of 435. 1V.. 37 of 41 » Vigl of 285
VL» 13.0f 43; VIL,.16.0f 21; VIIL., 45 of 17; IX., 6 of 8. Similarly
the ‘proportion during the various months at all the stations is—April, 16
‘of 24; May, 32 of 45 ; June, 28 of 48; July, 18 of 41; August, 23 of
ot; November, TL of 1b; February, 0 of 5; March, 39 of 47.
Arthr opods were found in 21 stomachs (7 vA They consisted of (1)
~ Crangon, at Station IL, in six in July; and at Station V., in one in
April : (2) Eupagurus, at Station I., in one in March; at Station IL, in
one in July ; at Station IV., in one in March; and at Stations VI. and
VIL., in one in June: (3) hermit-crabs, at Station IL, in one in May ;
and at Station VI, in one in August: (4) Amphidotus, at Station VL.,
in one in February: (5) Ampelisca, at Station VI., in one in August : (6)
Portunus, at Station VIT., in one in August ; unidentified amphipods, at
Station L, in one in March ; and at Station IV., in one in May: (7)
Cyprina, at Station VIL, in one in August : ‘and (8) unidentified
decapods, at Station [V., in one in March.
Molluscs were found in 111 stomachs (427Z). They consisted of (1)
Scrobicularia, at Station I., in two in May, in five in Jun®, in three in
July, in five in August and i in four in March; at Station IL., in four in
April, in four in June and in five in March ; ‘at Station Tih; ‘tp three in
June, in three in July and in two in August; at Station V., in four
in May, in seven in July and in eight in August; at Station VI, in one
_ in November ; and at Station IX., in one in May, in two in August and
in one in February: (2) Venus (sp. galina, lincta, and fasciata), at
Station VI., in one in May, in one in June and in four in August; and
at Station VIII, in two in August: (3) Solen, at Station IL, in one
in June and in one in August; at Station III., in three in June; at
Station IV., in five in March; at Station V.,in one in August ; and
at Station VIL, i in one in April: (4) Mactra, at Station III., in two in
| June; at Station V., in one in August ; and at Station VI., in one in
_. May, in one in June, in one in August and in one in November: (5)
| Peeten (sp. tigrinus and striatus), at ‘Station TV., in two in March; and
at Station VI, in three in June, in one in ‘August, and in one in
November: (6) unidentified lamellibranchs, at Station II., im three in
August; and at Station VI, in one in May and in one in June: (7)
Cardium, at Station V., in one in August; at Station VI., in one in
April ; and at Station VILL, in one in August ; (8) Nucula, at. Station
VI, in one in May: (9) Corbula gibba, at Station VIL. in one in
| August: (10) Tapes virginica, at Station VI., in one in June: (11)
— Buccinum undatum, at Station I., in one in J uly : (12) Octopus, at
Station VI., in one in April.
Ascidians.—At Station VII., ascidians were found in two in August.
Fish were found only at Station VI. They consisted exclusively of —
~
ee e
-
ye eee
Tecz.
-
* ‘
ne
>
‘
ee
|
t
234 Part ILL—Bighth Annual Report
sand-eels (Ammodytes), and were found i in one in May, i in four in August,
and in one in November. .
An Anemone was found at Station IV., in one in June.
Lemon SOLEs. es
(Pleuronectes microcephalus.)
Of 239 stomachs examined 52 were empty, and the contents of 32
were indistinguishable: 155 contained matter that could be identified,
Echinoderms were found in 10 stomachs (6 7%). They consisted of Ql)
Holothuria, at Station VII., in one in May and in one in August: (2)
Ophiura albida, at Station LV. ., in one in June: (3) Ophiothrix rosula, at.
Station IIL, in one in August: (4) unidentified sand-stars, at Station L,
in one in April ; at Station IV., in one in August; and at Station VIL,
in two in May and in two in June.
Annelids were found in 105 stomachs (67 (/). They consisted of ae
Sabella, at Station [., in one in June and in two in March; at Station IL.,
in one in June and in three in July ; at Station III., in two in August 5
at Station IV., in one in August ; at Station V., in three in July and in |
five in August ; at Station VI., in seven in August; at Station VIII, in
one in August ; and at Station IX., in two in June, in one in July ane
in two in November: (2) Sipunculus, at Station IJ., in three in July ;
and at Station V., in one in August: (3) Priapulus, at Station IT., in one —
in June: (4) Ne ereis, at Station III. , in one in July. 68 stomachs i
contained annelids that could not be identified. The proportion of the a
stomachs in which annelids were found to the total number of stomachs
containing distinguishable matter at the various stations is as follows :— / .,
Station te 10 of 21; IV, VV of Ys TIL, 19 of 29; TV, 4708-95" V5” aes
of 25; VL, 4 of 19: VIL, 5 of tr ‘VIL, 3 of O31, 11 of 17. a
The proporti n during the various months at all the stations was—April, 4
15 of 18; May, 13 of 20; June, 25 of 32; July, 17 of 29; August, 16 —
of 38; N ovember, 6 of Ge March, 10 of 12. ee bilineatus was 4
found at Station V., in one in August.
Arthropods were found in 43 stomachs (27 7). They sduetited of (1)
hermit-crabs (chiefly Eupagurus bernhardus and levis), at Station I., in four —
_ in August and in two in March ; at Station IT., in one in April, in three
in July and in five in August ; at Station III., in two in June, in one in
August and in one in March ; at Station V., in four in August and in one
in “March ; at Station VL, in two in May and in one in August ;“at— 3
Station VIL, in one in April, in one in May and in one in March; ati
Station VILL ., 1n one in J uly, in two in August and in one in N ovember ; ney
and at Station IX., in one in May and in one in June: (2) unidentified ae
ainphipods, at Station VIIT., in one in May: (3) Porcellana, at cai
I. and IIT., in one in June: (4) Portunus corrugatus, at Stations I. and
IL., in one in J uly ; and at Station III., in onein August: (5) Crangon,
at Station IX., in one in November : (6) Galathea, at “Station V., in one. p
in June. By
Molluscs were found in 12 stomachs (7%). They consisted of Q)
unidentified lamellibranchs, at Station III, in one in July; and a
Station VI., in one in May and in three in August: (2) Solen, at
Station VI., in one in April: (3) Scrobicularia, at Station L, in one. in- g
May: (4) Chiton, at Station TX., in one in November : (5) pa £
gastropods, at Station V., in one in August. ee F!
Ascidians were found at Station VI. ., in one in ‘Atak he
ish were found in 5 stomachs (3 7 ). They consisted of (1) ee at
’
cf %
Boy “:
pa! Mer
’ pela ira sik aa by Yh» Pree Poe aah eM hee Ne fo) ne ni hi Ra ek,
ee a
‘ely
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 235
Station IV., in one in June: (2) unidentified fish, at Station V., in one
in August ; and at Station VI., in two in May and in one in August.
Sea-anemones were found at Station IV., in one in August and at
Station IX., in one in June.
Common Dass.
(Pleuronectes limanda).
- Of 315 stomachs examined 125 were empty, and the contents of 9 were
indistinguishable: 151 contained matter that could be identified.
Echinoderms were found in 34 stomachs (18 %). They consisted of (1)
Ophiura (sp. albida), at Station IT., in one in March; and at Station IV.,
in three in June ; at Station V., in three in August ; at Station VI., in one
in June and in one in March ; nd at Station VIL, ., In one in Mareh (2)
Anphiura Jiliformis, at Station V., in two in August ; at» Station VIL,
in two in May, in one in June, and. in three in August : and at Station
VIII., in'one in August ; (3) unidentified sand-stars, at Station I., in one
oy. in May ; at Station III., in one in July; at Station VI., in one in April
and in one in February ; and at Station VIL, in two in May : (4)
Ophiogl ypha, at Station IL, in one in August ; and at Station VL, in five
in August: (5) holothurians, at Station VII, in two in May: (6) Ophio-
thrix, 7 Station II., in one in March.
Annelids were found in 32 stomachs (17 °/ ). They consisted of (1)
Sipunculus, at Station IL, in three in ie at Station II., in two in
June and in one in July ; auld at Station VI. in three in August: (2).
Sabella, at Station IL., m one in July ; at Station IV., in one in March ;
at Station V., in two in June; and at Station I1X., in one in August :
(3) Polynée, at Station VI., in one in August ; at Station VIT., iu one in
August ; and at Station IX., in one in August: (4) Z'erebella, at Station
VII., in one in June: (5) Priapulus, at Station IL, in one in August :
(6) unidentified annelids, at Station I., in one in June and in one in
March ; at Station IV., in two in April ; at Station V., in two in June ;
at Station VL, in one in May and in one in June; at Station VIIL, in
one in August ; and at Station IX., in two in “April and in one in
August.
Arthropods were found in 82 stomachs (45 7). They consisted of (1)
Portunus, at Station IV., in four in August; at Station VL, in one in
Augnst ; ‘and at Station IX., in one in July: (2) Crangon, at Stations VI.
and VIL, i in one in May: (3) Hyas, at Station II., in one in July: (4)
hermit-crabs (chiefly Hupagurus bernhardus and levis) in 73 stomachs.
The proportion of the stomachs containing hermit-crabs to those contain-
ing distinguishable matter at the various Stations is as follows :—Station °
L, 15 of 25; IL, 8 of 16; ILL, 8 of 13; IV., 6 of 26; V., 11 of 20;
VL, 6 of 21; VIL, 4 of 26; VIII., 6 of 8; IX., 8 of 18. The propor- .
‘tion during the various months was—April, 6 of J6; May, 4 of 17:
June, 11 of 31; July, 16 of 42; August, 10 of 25; November, 13 |
of 16; February, 1 of 3; March, 11 of 23.
Molluses were found in 44 stomachs (24 (/). They consisted of (1)
Solen, at Station II., in two in July, in one in August and in one in
March ; at Station III., in one in July; at Stations IV., VI, and VIL.,
in two in April ; and at Station IX., in one in June: (2) Pecten, at
Station I., in one in March; at Station III., in one in August and in one
in March ; at Station IV., i in three in November and in ‘four i in March ;
_ at Station VI. ., in two in August and in two in March; and at Station
‘VIL, in two in May: (3) Scrobicularia, at Station L., in one in May and
r
= |
a ié
eo es
7 <a s.
> *
ia
iF
ied
236 Part II—Highth Annual Report
in one in June; at Station IL, in two in June; at Station V., in twoin —
June and in one in August; and at Station 1X., in one in July: (4) a
Philine (sp. scabra), at Station VII., in one in June: (5) Venus, at —
Station VII, in one in June: (6) Montacuta (sp. bidentata), at Sere }
VII., in one in August: (6) unidentified gastropods, at Station IV., z
one in June and in three in March : (7) unidentitied lamellibranchs, Ke
Station I., in one in May; at Station [V., in one in March; and at
Station VIL, in one in June.
Fish weve found in 9 stomachs (4 %). They consisted of (1) sand-eels,
at Station V., in one in June (this Dab, a mature male, 74 inches long, —
contained nine small sand-eels) ; and at Station IX. in one in February:
(2) herrings, at Station IV., in two in March: (3) unidentified fish
remains, at Station I., in one in July and in one in August; at Station q
IL., in one in June; at Station IIL, in one in July; and at Station VI
in one in August. Ova (probably of herring) were found at Station VL, ale
in one in August. “4
Sea-anemones were found at Station VL, in one in June; and at —
Station VII., in one in August; and unidentified zoophytes at Station —
IIL., in two in July. |
a
Lone Roven Dass.
(Hippoglossoides limandoides.)
Of 376 stomachs examined 204 were empty, and the contents of 6
were indistinguishable: 166 contained matter that could be identified.
Echinoderms were found in 45 stomachs (27 %). They consisted of ©
(1) Ophiura, at Station IL, in one in June. and in two in November ;
at Station IV., in two in June; at Station V., in four in August; at q
Station VI., in two in June and in two in November; at Station VIL, —
in two in June; and at Station VIII, in three in August: (2)
Ophioglypha (sp. albida), at Station IL, in one in July and in two in — :
August; at Station III., in one in August; at Station VI, in four in “gi
August ; and at Station [X., in one in July: (3) Amphiura (sp. filiformis),
at Station VIT., in one in June and in two in August; and at Station
VIIL., in one in May: (4) Ophiopholis, at Station III., in two in July ne
and in one in August: (5) OpAiothrix, at Station IL, in one in August ;
and at Station VII, in one in March: (6) unidentified sand- stars, at
Station IL., in one in “April and in one in May; at Station V., in one in
April; at ‘Station VI, in one in February and in two in March ; ao
Station VII, in one in “April, in two in May and in two in March.
Annelids were found in 21 stomachs (12%). They consisted of (1) y me
Sabella, at Station VIIL, in one in August; and at Station IX., in one -
in July : (2) Stpunculus, at Station VII., in one in August ; and at
Station IX., in one in July: (3) Peetenaria, at Station IX.,in one in |
July: (4) Echiur us, at Station VIIL, in one in June: (5) unidentified
annelids, at Station I., in one in May and i in two in June; at Station Iie
in two in May; at Station Y., in one in August ; at Station VIL, in one
in May; at Station VIL, i in ‘two in June; and at Station IX., in ones
in April, in four in May, in one in June and in one in March. |
Arthropods were found in 62 stomachs (37 /£). They consisted of w
Crangon, at Station [., in two in April, in one in May, in three in~
November and in one in March; at Station II., in one in April;
Station IIT., in one in April, in one in May and in one in March; at d
Station IV., in one in November; at Station V., in two in May, i In ‘one:
in June, in ‘three in August and i in one in N ovember ; at Station VI. a I n
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 237
three in November; at Station VII., in one in May; at Station VIII,
in one in April and in one in November; and at Station IX., in one in
April, in one in May, in two in June and in one in November: (2)
Pandalus, at Station I., in two in June and in one in March; at Station
IL, in one in July; at Station IV., in one in August; at Station V., in
one in November; at Station VI., in one in February; and at Station
IX., in one in June: (3) Portunus, at Station I., in one in July; at
one in August; at Station VII., in one in November ; and at Station IX.,
in one in June: (4) ELupagurus, at Station V., in three in August; at
Station VII., in one in March; at Station VIII., in one in November;
and at Station IX., in one in August and in one in February: (5)>
Ampelisca, at Station V., in one in June and in one in August; and at
Station VIII., in one in May: (6) Mysis, at Station VIII, in two in
June: (7) Cuma, at Station IX., in one in May: (8) unidentified hermit-
crabs, at Station V., in three in April and in one in May: (9) unidenti-
fied schizopods, at Station VIL., in one in June; at Station VIIL., in one
in May and in one in Jue; and at Station EX: in one in May : (10)
unidentified crabs, at Station I., in one in April and in one in May: (11)
unidentified amphipods, at Station VIII., in one in May.
Molluscs were found in 24 stomachs (14 7). They consisted of (1)
Scrobicularia, at Station II., in one in June; at Station V., in five in
June and in one in March; at Station VIIL., in one in J une ; ‘at Station
IX., in one in May and in four in July : (2) Solen, at Stations I. and
IL, in one in August; at Station V., in two in August; and at Stations
VIII. and IX., in one in June: (3) Turritella, at Station V., in one in
August: (4) Plewrotoma, at Station V., in one in August: (5) Watica
(sp. aldert), at Station IX., in one in July: (6) unidentified lamelli-
branchs, at Station V., in two in June.
Fish were found in 23 stomachs (13%). They consisted of (1) whitings,
at Station I., in one in July; at Stations [V., V., and VIIL, in one in
August : (2) lemon-dabs, at Station IX., in two in July: (3) gobies,
at Station II., in one in March; and at Station IX., in one in November:
(4) sand-eels, at Station IL, in one in June : (5) pogge, at Station VIL,
in one in June: rockling (Motella), at Station V., in one in August : (6)
gurnard, at Station II., in one in November : (7) dragonet, at Station IL.,
in one in November : (8) unidentified fish remains, at Station L., in two
in July and in two in August ; at Station IIL, in one in July; at
Station V., in twoin June and in one in August; and at Stations ve
and VII., in one in June.
WircH Sous.
(Pleuronectes cynoglossus. )
Of 84 stomachs examined 24 were empty, and the contents of 9 were
indistinguishable : 51 contained matter that could be identified.
_ Echinoderms (sand-stars) were found at Station VIII, in one in April
and in one in May.
Annelids were found in 41 sonata (80%). They consisted of (1)
Sabella, at Station V., in three in June, in one in August and in three
in November ; at Station VIL. in one in June; and at Station VIIL, in
“two in June: (2) Priapulus, at Station VIL. + In one in March: (3)
unidentified annelids, at Station I., in one in March; at Station IV., in
one in April; at Station V., in one in May, in one in August, in onein
— Station VIIL., in three i in April, ‘in three in May, in one in July and in
t
fe’ ?
‘
f De tale ;
om oh OLA iS ala uae } .
= PE ety dat! aha ‘ ;
f, " rh. ’ i
OE eC gee? Bed ae a he .
¢ 3 fr a ey er Sele ion P ‘ ‘
ae 7 a te Oe es hate ae a! abel N w me
Station V., in two in November ; at Station VII., in one in June and in -
November and in six in March; at Station VII., in two in March; at,
.
~
mop
ae £ a,
eM
¥ -* >
~
ee:
+ Tae el
ie Sea
Saad
NE ee Te ee
—ve >.
‘ :
238 Part IIL—Highth Annual Report
one in March; at Station IX., in five in May and in one in June. A
planarian worm (Amphiphorus lactiflorus) was foun at Station IV., in 4
one in June.
Arthropods were found in 9 stomachs (17 %). They consisted of Q)
Ampelisca, at Station VIIT., in two in July ; and at Station [X., in one
in May and in three in June: (2) Eupagarus, at Station [X., in one in .
July : (3) unidentified schizopods, at Station VIII., in one in April; and
at Station [X., in one in May.
Molluscs were found in 7 stomachs (13 %/). They consisted of (1)
Scrobicularia, at Station L, in one in March; at Station IV., in one in
April; and at Station V., in two in August and in two in November:
(2) Philine, at Station IX., in one in May.
Unidentified Fish remains were found at Station V., in one in May.
.
FLOUNDERS.
(Pleuronectes flesus.)
Of 37 stomachs examined from April to March, 36 were empty. The
remaining one contained only a. little mucus.
GURNARDS.
(Trigla gurnardus.) .
_ Of 235 stomachs examined 93 were empty, and the contents of 3 were
indistinguishable: 139 contained matter that could be identified. a
No Echinoderms were found in any of the stomachs. .
Unidentified Annelids were found at Station VII., in one in May.
Arthropods were found in 133 stomachs (95 %/). "They consisted of (1)
Crangon, found in 60 stomachs. The proportion of the stomachs
containing Crangon to the total number of stomachs containing distin- —
guishable 1 matter at the various Stations is as follows :—Station I., 5 of 17 ;
TE, 3,0f 18; 'TIL, 6.0f-15 -TV..2 of 85° Vi Rofl ovas, 4 of 14; ViITg
5 of ie: VIIL., 10 of 20 ; 1K: 18 of 23, Similarly the nirerpbirtieal =
during the various months at all the Stations is—April, 2 of 2; May, 16
of 22; June, 17 of 38; July, 13 of 34; August, 12 of 39; November,
0 of 3; March, 0 of 1: ’ (2) Pandalus, at Station I, in two in May and —
in five in J une ; at Station II., in two in June, in one in July and in two
in August ; at Station Tit: ‘in one in June and in four in J uly ; at
Station IV., in one in August ; at Station V., in three in June ; “4
Station VI., in one in August and in one in March; at Station VIL., ; 3
two in August ; at Station VIII., in one in June and in one in July ; ‘ale
at Station IX., in one in November : (3) Portunus, at Station I, in one
in August ; at Station IL, in two in August; at Station IIL, in one in
June and in two in August : at Station IV., in five in August; at —
Station V., in one in August; at Station VL, in three in August; ab
Station VIL. ., In two in June and i in four in August: and at Station VILL,
in one in July: (4) ) Eupagurus, at Station III., in two in August; at
Station IV., in two in June; at Station V., in one in August; at -
Station VL, in one in August ; and at Station VIII, in one in June: (5) ee
Ampelisca, at Station VII., in one in June: (6) Diastylis, at Station IX., eg |
in one in June: (7) Erythrops, at Station VI. in one in July: (8)
Nephrops, at Station IX., in one in August: (9) unidentified schizopods, — ox
at Station VIL., in six in June; at Station VIII, in two in June; and
at Station IX., in one in J une and in one in July: (10) unidentified,
«
:
hg oak a NESE Be ea
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 239,
amphipods, at Station II, in one in July: (11) unidentified crustacea,
at Station III., in one in August.
Molluscs were found in 5 stomachs (3%). They consisted of (1)
~ Rossia, at Stations V. and VIIL., in one in June: (2) Loligo, at Station
_I[X., in one in May: (3) Dentalium, at Station V., in one in August:
(4) unidentified cephalopods ; at Station VI., in one in August.
Fish were found in 34 stomachs (24 of ). They consisted of (1)
> herrings or sprats, at Station II, in one f May and in one in July; at
Station VI., in one in May ; and at Station VIIL., in two in August: (2)
sand-eels, at Station VI., in three in August: (3) whitings, at Station
VIIL., in two in August: (4) unidentified fish remains, at Station I, in
three in July and in two in August; at Station II., in one in August and
in one in November; at Station III, in two in July ; at Station IV., in
one in August; at Station V., in one in June and in two in August; at
Station VI., in one in August; at Station VII., in two in August; at
Station VIIL., in one in June, in two in August and in one in November ;
and at Station IX., in three in July and in one in August.
Cop.
(Gadus morrhua.)
Of 206 stomachs examined 13 were empty, and the contents of |
were indistinguishable: 192 contained matter that could be identified.
Echinoderms were found in 4 stomachs (2%). They consisted of (1)
Ophioglypha, at Station VI., in one in August : (2) sand-stars, at Station
I., in one in April; at Station IL., in one in February ; and at station V.,
in one in March.
Annelids were found in 12 stomachs (67/). They consisted of (1)
Aphrodite, at Station I., in two in May and in one in August; at Station
V., in one in May, in one in November, and in ove in February ; at Station
VL, in one in April; at Station VIII, in one in February ; and: at
Station IX., in one in April: (2) unidentified annelids, at Station IIL. in
| one in April; at Station V., in one in May ; and at Station IX., in one
Unt
in August.
Arthropods were found in 165 stomachs (85). They consisted of (1)
Crangon, at Station I., in two in April; at Station IJ, in two in April,
in two in May and in two in November ; at Station IIL, in four in April ;
at Station V., in one in April, in three in May, in one in June, in one in
August, in five in November and in five in February ; at Station VLI., in
two in April and in three in November ; at Station VII., in one in April
and i in one in March ; and at Station ra in two in April and in two in
Noveinber : (2) Pandalus, at Station L., in six in J une ; at Station IL.,
in one in August, in two in November and in one in F ebruary 3 at Station
IIL, in one in July and in two in March ; at Station LV., in one in June,
in two in August, and in two in November ; at Station V., in one in June,
in one in August, in one in November, and in two in February ; at Station
VL., in three in February and in one in March; at Station VIII., in one
in February ; ; and at Station IX., in one in J uly, in two in August and in
five in November : (3) Portunus, at Station I., in one in June, in two in
July and in four in August; at Station II., in one in July, in two in
: August and in two in November ; at Station IIL., in three in June, in
two in July and in two in August ; at Station LV., in two in August; at
Station V., in three in August, in four in November and in one in
February ; at Statiow VI., in two in August and in two in November ; at
Station VIIL., in one in August and in one in February ; and at Station
240 Part III.—Kighth Annual Report
IX., in one in July: (4) Nephrops, at Station I., in one in April, in three a
in May, in one in June, in one in July and in two in August ; at Station
II., in three in May, in one in November and in two in February : Sate
Station IIT., in one in June; at Station V.,in one in April, in four in
May, in one in August and in one in February ; at Station VIII., in one ©
in June, in twoin November and in five in February ; and at Station IX., —
in one in August: (5) Hupagurus, at Station I., in five in July and i in
three in August ; at Station II., in one in June and in three in August;
at Station IIL., in two in June, in two in July and in one in August; at
Station IV., in one in November ; at Station V., in one in August, in
two in November, in one in February and in two in March; at Station
VI, in one in August and in one in February ; at Station VII., in one in
March ; arid at Station [X., in two in July: (6) Hyas, at Station L., in
one in July; at Station IT, in one in June; at Station IIL, in one in
June; at Station V., in one in November and in one in February ; at
Station VI., in one in February; at Station VIIL, in one in August;
and at Station [X., in one in July and in two in November: (7) Galathea, —
at Station IL, in one in August; at ‘Station III. in one in July; at
Station V., in one in August; and at Station VI., in one in February: |
(8) Porcellana, at Station III., in two in July and in one in August: (9)
Munida, at Station V., in one in November: (10) unidentified hermit-
crabs, at Station I., in one in April, in two in May and in one in June;
at Station IL, in two in April and in two in May; at Station IIL, in
two in April; at Station IV., in one in May; at Station V., in one in
April and in two in May; at Station VI., in four in April; and at
Station IX., in one in April: (11) unidentified crabs, at Station I., in
two in April and in two in May; at Station II., in one in April and in
two in May; at Station III., in one in April ‘and in two in May; at
Station V., in two in April and in one in May; at Station VII, in one ©
in April ; and at Station [X., in one in April: (12) unidentified crustacea,
at Station III., in one in August ; and at Station V., in one in August.
Molluses were found in 22 stomachs (Ati) ‘They consisted of (1) fs
Buccinum, at Station I., in one in May, in one in July and in one in ©
August ; at Station ITL., in one in June; at Station IIL. in two in April —
and in one in May ; at Station IV., in one in J une ; at Station V., inone
in March; and at Station VIL, in one in April : ‘(2) Solen, at San a
NIE in five in April : (3) Pecten, at Station I, in one in April ; -
Station ITL., in one in July and in one in March; and at Station VL, in
one in February: (4) Scrobicularia, at Station V., in one in August : (5) ae
Turritella, at Station IIL, in one in June: (6) Rossia, at Station VI., in
one in February. i=
Fish were found in 110 stomachs (57 %). They consist of (1) whitings, _
at Station I., in two in March ; at Station II., in one in April, in one in —
November, in one in February, and in one in March ; at Station IIL, ig f
two in June ; at Station V., in two in August, in one in November, in .
one in February and in two in March ; at Station VI., in one in Novem-
ber and in three in February ; at Station VIL., in two in November — a
and in three in March; at Station VIII., in two in N ovember, in
four in February and in one in March ; and at Station TX., in one in BY
November and in one in February: (2) herrings, at Station i in two in 2
March ; at Station IT., in one in April, in three in February and in one
in March ; and at Station VI., in one in April and in two in February: a
(3) sand- eels, at Station IT., in one in May and in one in November; at
Station VI., in onein April, in one in August and in five in February ; ;
and at Station VIII., in one in February : “(4) sprats, at Station IIT, in
four in May and in one in June; and at Station V., in one in Jur une : (5) ,
vin i~ a
7 ,&, a
4 : F " at - Ja
: it) <a
, ae Ae
- ; 5% t «
+ &
_ cae i ail ae To - | = ae | r . -'
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 241
codlings, at Station II., in two in April; at Station VI., in two in
February ; and at Station VII, in one in November: (6) long rough
dabs, at Station II., in one in April; at Station V., in three in August ;
and at Station VII., in one in November: (7) haddocks, at Station V.,
in one in August ; at Station VIII., in one in August ; and at Station IX.,
in one in February : (8) lump-suckers, at Station IL, in one in March ;
and at Station 1X., in one in February : (9) pogge, at Station V., in one in
February: (10) rockling, at Station V., in oné in February: (11) unidentified
fish remaius, at Station I, in one in April, in one in May and in two in
March ; at Station IL, in three in May, in one November, in two in
February and in two in March ; at Station III., in two in April, in one
in August and in two in March; at Station V., in one in May, in two in
June, in one in August, in two in November and in one in February ; at
Station VI., in one in February and in onein March; at Station VII., in
one in April and in one in May ; at Station VIIL, in one in November,
in one in February and in one-in March; and at Station [X., in two
in April, in one in June and in one in November.
Medusidx were found at Station V., in one in March, and at Station
VI., in one in February. |
HaApbDocks.
(Gadus ceglefinus.)
Of 240 stomachs examined 29 were empty, and the contents of 19 were
indistinguishable : 192 contained matter that could be identified.
Echinoderms were found in 48 stomachs (25 7%). They consisted of (1)
Amphiura (sp. filiformis), at Station L, in one in July ; at Station IT., in
three in June; at Station VI. in two in August; at Station VIL,
in two in May and in one in November; at Station VIII, in two in
August; and at Station [X., in one in June, in one in July and in two
in August : (2) Ophiura (sp. albida), at Station II., in three in November;
at Station IIL., in two in June ; and at Station VI., in one in November
and in one in February: (3) Opheoglypha, at Station VI., in five in
August : (4) Ophiothrix, at Station II., in two in August ; at Station V.,
in one in November; and at Station VI., in two in February: (5)
Echinocyamus, at Station VI., in two in August and in one in February ;
and at Station IX., in one in June: (6) Asterdas (sp. rwbens), at Station
IL., in one in February : (7) unidentified sand-stars, at Station I., in one in
‘May ; at Station IIT., in one in May ; at Station V., in one in May ; and
at Station VII., in two in April, in three in May and in three in June.
Annelids were found in 40 stomachs (20%). They consisted of (1)
Aphrodite, at Station IL, in one in February ; at Station III., in one in |
May; and at Station VIII., in one in April, in two in May and in one
in February: (2) Priapulus, at Station IT., in two in June: (3) Sabella, at
Station VIII., in one in August ; and at Station IX., in one in June: (4)
Pectenaria, at Station V., in one in November; and at Station VI., in
one in August: (5) Avrenicola, at Station IX., in one in June: (6)
Sipunculus, at Station VII, in one in August: (7) Polynée, at Station
IX., in one in November: (8) unidentified annelids, at Station I, in one
in May; at Station IL, in one in April and in one in November; at
Station LIL, in one in April; at Station V., in one in April and in two
in August; at Station VI., in three in July; at Station VIL, in two in
May ; at Station VIII., in three in April, in one in May, in two in July
and in one in November; and at Station IX., in three in April and in
two in May.
Arthropods were found in 114 stomachs (59%). They consisted of (1)
qd —.Saiey
242 Part III,— Eighth Annual Report
Crangon, at Station I., in one in May, in one in June and in one in
August ; at Station IL, in one in May; at Station V., in three in April,
in one in May and in three in August; at Station VI., in two in
November; at Station VII., in two in April and in two in November ;
and at Station IX., in one in April, in one in May, in two in August and
in one in November: (2) Hupagurus, at Station I., in one in July ; at
Station II., in two in June, in two iv July, in two in November and in
one in February; at Station V., in three in August; at Station VI, in
three in August ; at Station VIII, in two in June and in one in November ;
and at Station IX., in three in June and in one in November: (3)
Ampelisca, at Station I., in two in June; at Station V., in five in August
aud in two in November; at Station VI., in one in February and
in one in August; at Station VIIL., in three in June, in five in July,
in two in August and in one in November; and at Station IX.,
in seven in June: (4) Portunus, at Station IL., in one in June and in
three in November; and at Station V., in one, at Station VII., in
three, at Station VIII, in two, and at Station IX., in one—all in
November: (5) Diéastylis, at Station VIL, in one in November;
at Station VILI., in two in June and in three in July; and at
Station IX., in three in June: (6) Pandalus, at Station I., in one in
June; and at Station [X., in one in July and in one in November: (7)
Leucon, at Station VIIL., in two, and at Station [X.,in one, in June: (8)
Nephrops, at Station VI., in one in August; and at Station 1X., in one
in November: (9) Galathea, at Station I., in one in June; (10) Corystes,
at Station VL, in one in August: (11) unidentified hermit-crabs, at Station
I., in two in June; at Station IIL, in one in May; at Station V., in one
in May; at Station VII., in one in April; and at Station VIIL, in one
in May; (12) unidentified amphipods, at Station V., in two in March;
at Station VI, in one in March; and at Station [X., in one in April and
in two in May: (13) unidentified Cumacee, at Station VIL., in one in
May; and at Station IX., in two in July and in one in August: (14)
unidentified crabs, at Station III., in one in May; and at Station IX.,
in one in May and in one in August: (15) unidentified schizopods, at.
Station VIT., in one in April; at Station VIII, in one in May; and at
Station IX., in one in May and in one in July.
Molluscs were found in 102 stomachs (53 %/). They consisted of (I) -
Scrobicularia, at Station I., in four in June ; at Station II., in one in May,
in three in June, in four in July, and in one in November ; at Station V.,
in three in April, in three in May, in three in June, in twelve in August,
in six in November, in two in February and in four in March; at Station —
VL, in one in March; at Station VII, in one in May; at Station VIIL,
in seven in May, in two in June, in two in July and in one in November; ~
and at Station [X., in five in May, in four in July, in three in August, in —
one in November and in one in February: (2) Philine, at Station VIL, —
in one in May, in two in June and in one in November ; at Station VIII,
in two in May ; and at Station IX., in one in June and in one in August:
(3) Solen, at Station IT., in three in July ; at Station V., in one in August; —
and at Stations VIT., VIIL, and IX., in one—all in November : (4) Pecten, —
at Stations I., in one in April and in one in May; and at Station VI., in ©
one in August: (5) Cylichna, at Station VI., in one in August and in one —
in November ; and at Station IX., in one in November: (6) Buccinum, —
at Station II., in one in February ; and at Station III., in one in June:
(7) Mactra, at Station [X., in one in August: (8) Nucula, at Station IX.,
in one in August : (9) Actewon, at Station VIII., in one in June: (10)
Leda, at Station [X., in one in June. :
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 943
Fish were found in 7 stomachs (3 7%). They consisted of (1) long
rough dabs, at Station IT., in one in February ; and at Station IX., in
one in August: (2) goby, at Station VIII, in one in November: (3)
rockling, at Station IX., in one in February ; (4) unidentified fish remains,
at Station VI., in one in August; and at Station VIIT., in one in April
and in one in August.
Celenterates were found in 3 stomachs in Febrrary :—Plewrobrachia, at
Station IL, in one; and meduside, at Station VI., in two, and at Station
IX., in one.
WHITINGS.
(Gadus merlangus. )
Of 286 stomachs examined 121 were empty, and the contents of 8 were
indistinguishable : 157 contained matter that could be identified.
No KHchinoderms were found in any of the stomachs examined.
Annelids were found in 4 stomachs (2 °/). They consisted of (1)
Nereis, at Station IV., in one in November : (2) unidentified annelids, at
Station VII, in one in August; and at Station VIII, in one in April
and in one in May.
Arthropods were found in 37 stomachs (37 7%). They consisted of (1)
Crangon, at Station II., in one in May and in one in July; at Station
III, in one in April, in one in May, in one in July and in two in
August ; at Station V., in one in May, in four in August and in one in
March ; at Station VII., in one in November; at Station VIIT., in one in
April, in two in May and in two in June; and at Station IX., in one in
June: (2) Pandalus, at Station I., in one in June and in one in Angust ;
at Station III., in one in August and in two in November ; at Station V.,
in three in August ; at Station VI, in one in February ; at Station VIL,
in two in March ; and at Station IX., in one in August: (3) Nephrops,
at Station V., in one in August; (4) Porcellana (sp. longicornis), at
Station VIIL, in oue in August: (5) unidentified crabs, at Stations IT.
and V., in one in March: (6) unidentified amphipods, at Station [X., in
one in May.
Molluscs were found in 7 stomachs (4 7%). They consisted of (1)
Philine (sp. scabra), at Station IX., in two in May; (2) Octopus, at
Station VIII, in two in May: (38) Serobicularia, at Station IX., in one
in May: (4) Rossia, at Station VIII., in one in March: (5) unidentified
lamellibranchs, at Station VII., in one in May.
Fish were found in 119 stomachs (75%). They consisted of (1)
whitings, at Station I., in one in August and in one in March; at
Station TII., in one in November; at Station V., in two in August, in
one in November and in one in March; at Station VI., in one in
November; at Station VIII., in one in July, in one in August and in
one in November and at Station [X., in one in July, in one in August, and
in two in February: (2) herrings or sprats, at Station ITL., in two in
March and in one in November ; at Station V., in one in August and in
one in November; at Station VI., in one in August and in one in
|. February; at Station VIL, in one in June, in one in ‘August and in five
in November; and at Station VIII, in two in March: (3) gobies, at
Station III., in one in November; at Station VII., in one in May; and
at Station VIII., in one in June: (4) sand-eels, at Station V., in one in
February ; and at Station VI., in one in June: (5) unidentified fish
remains, at Station I., in two in April, in four in August and in one in
| March; at Station IT, in one in April, in three in July and in two in
244 Part LIL—Lkighth Annual Report
November; at Station IIL, in three in April, in three in May, in four in
June, in one in July, in four in August, in one in November and in one
in March; at Station IV., in one in August; at Station V., in three in
April, in two in May, in one in June, in three in August, in three in
November, in three in February and in three in March; at Station VL,
in one in August and in one in March; at Station VIL., in one in April,
in two in August and in two in November; at Station VIIL., in one in
April, in two in May, in four in June, in one in July, in two in August,
in two in November, in two in February and in two in March; and at
Station IX. in four in April, in three in June, in two in July, in three
in August and in two in February. The stomach of one found at
Station VI. in August was full of herring ova.
SKATE.
(Raia batis, R. clavata, and R. radiata.)
Of 46 stomachs examined 24 were empty.
Arthropods were found in 20 stomachs (90%). They consisted of
(1) Portunus, at Station I., in two in August; at Station IJ., in one in
November; at Station IT]., in three in August ; at Station V., in one in
August; and at Station VIII., in one in August : (2) Pundalus, at
Station I., in ove in August; at Station II., in three in November and
in one in February; at Station V., in one in August; and at Station
VIIL, in one in November: (3) Crangon, at Station I., in one in April
aud in one in August; at Station IL., in two in November; at Station
V., in one in August and in one in March ; and at Station VIIL., in one |
in November: (4) Nephrops, at Station III., in one in August; and at
Station VIII., in one in November: (5) Hupagurus, at Station III., in —
one in August: (6) spider-crabs, at Station I., in one in April. |
Molluscs (Pecten opercularis) were found in at Station IIL, in one in —
August. 2
Fish were found in 7 stomachs (31 7). They consisted of (1) herrings, at
Station IL, in two in February: (2) whitings, at Station II., in one in —
February: (3) unidentified fish remains, at Station IL, in two. in
November ; at Station V., in one in August ; and at Station VIII., in one
in August. .
Cat-FisH
(Anarrhichas lupus.)
Of 18 stomachs examined 6 were empty. a
chinoderms were found in 4 stomachs (337) They consisted of (1) —
Ophiura, at Station IX., in one in April and in one in November: (2)
Ophioglijpha, at Station VIII, in one in August : (3) Ophiothria, at Sonia |
V., 1n one in March.
‘Annelids (Aphrodite) were found at Station I., in oae in March. ;
Arthropods were found in 6 stomachs (50 7% ) They consisted of (1) :
Eupagurus, at Station I., in three, and at Station VI., in one, in March ; 7
and at Station VIL, in one in August: (2) Hyas, at Station I. . in two in
March ; at Station V., in one in March; and at Station VIIL, in one in
August: (3) Portunus, at Station V., in one in March ; and at Station —
>=
VILL, in one in August : (4) Cathear, at Station VI., i in one in Mare -
&
(5) Nephrops at Station IX., in one in June. , ar
/
-
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 245
Molluscs were found in 7 stomachs (31%). They consisted of (1)
Pecten (sp. opercularis and tigrinus), at Station I., in one in June and in
three in March; at Station VIII, in one in November ; and at Station
IX., in one in February: (2) Buccinum, at Station I, in two in March,
and at Station IX., in one in November: (3) Cardium, at Stations I. and
VL, in one in March.
Fish remains, unidentified, were found at Station V., in one in June.
ANGLER F'IsH.
(Lophius piscatorius. )
Of 27 stomachs examined 13 were empty.
Arthropods (Hupagurus) were found at Station V., in one in March.
Fish were found in all the others. They consisted of whitings in
three, herrings or sprats in two, skate in one, haddocks in one, sand-eels
in one, rockling in one, long rough dabs in one, and unidentified fish in four.
Il. ST ANDREWS BAY.
PLAICE.
(Pleuronectes platessa.)
Of 258 stomachs examined 69 were empty, and the contents of 7 were
indistinguishable : 182 contained matter that could be identified.
Echinoderms were found in 14 stomachs (7 7%). They consisted of (1)
Ophiura albidu, at Station I., in one in November ; at Station II., in one
in October and in one in November ; and at Station V., in one in October
and in one in November: (2) holothurians, at Station IV., in one in
October: (3) Amphiura, at Station V., in one in November: (4)
unidentified sand-stars, at Station I., in one in October ; at Station IL,
in twoin April ; at Station IIL, in one in April; and at Station IV., in
two in Apri! and in one in June.
Annelids were found in 98 stomachs (53%). They consisted of (1)
Terebella, at Station I., in three in August and in two in October; at
Station II., in three in June and in one in November; at Station IIL,
in five in June, in six in August and in one in November ; at Station IV.,
in one in June and in one in August ; at Station V., in one in October:
(2) Phyllodoce, at Station I., in one in October, in one in November and
in three in March; at Station II., in one in October and in four in
March ; at Station III, in one in June and in three in October; and
at Station IV., in one in June and in three in October: (3) Arenicola,
at Station I., in two in June and in five in March; at Station IL.,
in three in March; and at Station IV., in three in June: (4) Sabella,
at Station I, in two in October; at Station II., in one in June and in
two in March; at Station IV., in one in October, in one in November
and in one in March; and at Station V., in two in June and in one in
October: (5) Werevs, at Station II., in one in November and in one in
March ; at Station IIIL., in one in October; and at Station IV., in one in
November: (6) Priapulus, at Station V., in onein June: (7) Aphrodite,
at Station V., in one in November: (8) Pectenaria, at Station II., in
one in October : (9) unidentified annelids, at Station I., in two in April
and in three in March ; at Station II., in two in April, in one in August,
in three in November and in two in March; at Station III., in one in
246 Part HI—Kighth Annual Report
April, in one in November and in one in March; at Station IV., in five
in April and in one in October ; and at Station V., in one in April and
in two in October. A planarian worm (sp. t) was found at Station V.,
in one in March.
Arthropods were found in 51 stomachs (28%). They consisted of (1)
Ampelisca, at Station I, in one in October, in two in November and in
one in March; at Station IT., in three in June, in one in October, in two
in November and in three in March ; at Station IIT., in one in August,
in four in October, in one in November and in one in March ; at Station
[V., in one in August, in one in October and in one in November ; and
at Station V., in one in June, in one in October and in one in March:
(2) Portunus, at Station I., in four in October and in one in November ;
at Station II., in three in October and in three in November; at Station
III., in one in October ; at Station IV., in three in June; and at Station
V., in one in October and in one in November: (3) unidentified amphi-
pods, at Stations If. and IV., in two in April: (4) Déastylis, at Station
V., in two in October: (5) Phozus, at Station V., in one in October : :
(6) unidentified crabs, at Station [., in one in April.
Molluscs were found in 57 stomachs (31%). They consisted of (1) —
Solen (sp. generally ensis), at Station I, in three in April, in three in
June, in five in August, in three in October and in one in November; at _
Station IL, in four in June, in four in August, in three in October, in
three in November and in three in March; at ‘Station IIL, i in three in
April, in four in June, in one in August and in one in October; at
Station IY., in one in April, in one in August and in two in November ;
and at Station V., in four in April, in one in June, in five in August, in
one in November and in one in March: (2) Nucula, at Station L, in two
in October ; at Station IL, in one in August and in one in October ;
at Station IIL, in five in August and in three in October; at Station IV.,
in one in November; and at Station V., in five in June, in three in
August, in seven in October and in two in November: (3) Scrobicularia,
at Station I., in two in October; at Station IIL, in one in April and
in one in August; at Station IV., in one in April, in one’in June, in
one in August and in two in October; and at Station V., in one in April:
(4) Mactra, at Station I., in one in June; at Station IiL., in one in
August ; and at Station V., in one in June and in one in August: (5)
Car dium, at Station V., in one in June : (6) Montacuta, at Station IV.,
in one in October : (7) unidentified lamellibranchs, at Station I., in one
in June.
Fish remains, unidentified, were found at Station TV., in one in June.
ComMoNn DaBs.
(Pleuronectes limanda.)
Of 189 stomachs examined 52 were empty, and the contents of {4.4
were indistinguishable: 124 contained matter that could be identified.
Echinoderms were found in 38 stomachs (30 %). They consisted of (1)
Ophiura (sp. texturata and albida), at Station I., in two in June, in one
in October and in four in November; at Station II., in three in October; —
at Station III., in three in June and in four in October ; at Station IV.,
in one in October; and at Station V., in four in October, in five in ©
November and in two in March: (2) Ophioglypha, at Station I., in two;
at Station II., in two; and at Stations IV. and V., in one—all in
August: (3) Amphéur a, at Stations IV. and V., in one in August: (ty
unidentified sand- stars, at Station II., in one in April.
'
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 247
Annelids were found in 62 stomachs (50%). They consisted of (1)
Terebella, at Station I., in five in June, in one in August in two in
October and in one in November; at Station II, in ten in June and a
seven in August ; at Station III., ‘in one in August ; at Station IV.,
one in August ; and at Station V,, in three in August, in one in Outs
and in two in November: (2) ’ Arenicola, at Station III., in one in
October ; and at Station IV., in three in June: (3) Phyllodoce, at Station
I., in two in October: (4) Aphrodite, at Station V., in two in Novem-
ber: (5) Sabella, at Station V., in one in October: (6) Micrura (sp.
purpurata), at Station V., in one in June: (7) unidentified annelids, at
Station I., in three, at Station II., in five, and at Station IV., in one
—all in April; and at Station V., in one in April and in eight in
October. chiurus (sp. oxywrus) was found at Station III., in two in
June; and at Station V., in one in June and in one in October.
Arthiopods were found in 39 stomachs (31%). They consisted of (1)
Portunus, at Station I, in one in August and in ten in October ; at
Station II., in three in October; at Station III., in five in October ; at
Station IV., in three in August and in two in-November ; and at Station
V., in one in October and in one in November : (2) Ampelisca, at Station
L, in one in October ; at Station II., in twoin August and in one in
November ; at Station III., in one in October ; at Station IV., in two in
October ; and at Station V., in one in August and in one in October: (3)
Crangon, at Station III., in one in April: (4) hermit-crabs, at Station
ITI., in one in April and in one in June: (5) unidentified amphipods, at
Station I., in one in October. |
Molluscs were found in 19 stomachs (15°7/). They consisted of (1)
Solen, at Station I., in one in October; at Station II., in three in
August; at Station III., in three in April; at Station IV., in one in
November ; and at Station V., in one in April and in one in November:
(2) Serobicularia, at Station I., in one in Octeber ; and at Station IL, in
one in August and in one in October: (3) Pecten (sp. opercularis), at
Station IL, in one in October; (4) Mactra, at Station IL, in one in
August: (5) unidentified latoellibranchs, at Stations I. and IIL. in one
in August; (6) unidentified gastropods, at Station JIL, in one in.
October.
Fish remains, unidentified, were found in 5 stomachs (4 7/)—at Station
IIL, in one in April; at Station IV., in one in August and in one in
October ; ‘ and at Station V., in two in October.
Lone Roveu Dass.
( Hippoglossoides limandoicdes. )
Of 26 stomachs examined 10 were empty. Of the 16 with food 13
(81 %) contained Echinoderms, consisting of (1) Ophioglypha, at Station
V., in seven in August: (2) Ophiura, at Station III., in one in April, and
at Station V., in three in Jung, in one in October, and in one in March.
Annelids (Ampelisca) were found at Station L., in one stomach in June.
Arthropods (Crangon) were found at Station Ill, in one in Apvil.
Fish remains were found at Station V., in two stomachs in October,
GURNARDS.
(Trigla gurnardus.)
Of 141 stomachs examined 23 were empty, and the contents of 2 were
indistinguishable : 116 contained matter that could be identified,
248 Part L11.—Kkighth Annual Report
Echinoderms (Ophiura allida) were found at Station V., in one in
October.
Annelids were found in 5 stomachs (4%). They consisted of .(1)
Sabella, at Station IIL, in one in June: (2) Arenicola, at Station IV.,
in one in June: (3) unidentified annelids, at Station III]., in two, and at
Station V., in one, in April.
Arthropods were found in 110 stomachs (95%): They consisted of (1)
Crangon, at Station L, in five in April, in one in October and in seven in
November ; at Station II., in four in April, in two in June, in one in
August, in six in October, in one in November and in one in March ; at
Station IIL., in four in April, in five in October and in seven in November ;
at Station LV., in three in April and in three in November ; and at
Station V., in two in April and in seven in October: (2) Portunus, at
Station L, in two in June, in three in August and in three in November ;
at Station II., in three in June, in one in August, in five in October and —
in one in November; at Station ILI., in seven in October ; at Station
1V., in three in June, in one in August and in one in November ; and
at Station V., in two in June, in three in August and in six in October :
(3) Ampeliscu, at Station L., in one in June; and at Station IL, in six in
June, in three in August and in one in October: (4) unidentified
schizopods, at Station II, in two in June: (5) Corystis, at Station V.,
in one in October: (6) Pandalus (sp. annulicornis), at Station I., in one
in March: (7) hermit-crabs, at Station 1V., in one in April.
Molluscs were found in 5 stomachs (4 7%). Théy consisted of (1) Rossa,
at Station ITI., in two, and at Station V., in one, in June: (2) Scrobicularia,
at Station V., in one in June: (3) Loligo, at Station V., in one in
April. |
Fish were found in 42 stomachs (36 /). They consisted of (1) herrings,
at Station J., in one in November ; and at Station III, in two in June:
(2) gobies, at Station IL, in two in October; and at Station III., in one
in June: (3) whitings, at Station I, in one in October and in one in
November ; and at Station IV., in one in June: (4) dabs, at Station L,
in one in June; at Station IV., in one in November; and at Station V.,
in one in June: (5) sand-eels, at Station IV., in one in August: (6)
plaice, at Station LV., in one in November: (7) pipe-fish, at Station IV.,
in one in November: (8) unidentified fish remains, at Station I., in four
in June, in three in August, in one in October and in two in November ;
at Station II., in one in April, in one in June, in one in August, in two
in October and in one in November ; at Station II1., in one in April, in
one in June, in two in August, in one in October and in two in
November ; at Station IV., in two in June; and at Station V., in two —
in August.
HADDOCKS.
(Gadus xglefinus.)
Of 17 stomachs examined 2 were empty, and the contents of 5 were
indistinguishable. 10 contained matter that could be identified.
No Echinoderms were found in any of the stomachs.
Annelids, unidentified, were found at Station V., in one in Apake
| Echiurus was found at Station V., in two in June.
Arthropods were found in 9 stomachs (90%). They consisted of a)
Crangon, at Station V., in three in April: (2) Ampelisca, at Station V., in
one in June and in one in October : (3) Portunus, at Station IV., in
one in October: (4) hermit-crabs, at Station V., in one in April: (5) sor
identified amphipods, at Station vV., in two in April.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 249
W HITINGS.
(Gadus merlanqus.)
Of 12 stomachs examined 6 were empty, and the contents of 1 were -
indistinguishable.
Arthropods (Ampelisca) were found at Station II., in three in June.
Fish vemains were found at Station V., in one in October and in one
in March. .
Less ABUNDANT FisH or St ANDREWS Bay.
Lemon Soles (Pleuronectes microcephalus).—Of 8 stomachs examined 1
was empty, and the contents of 3 were indistinguishable. Of the remain-
ing 4, two at Station V., in March, contained Sabella, and one at
Station II., in April, and one at Station I., in August, contained unidenti-
fied annelids. ;
Flounders (Pleuronectes flesus).—Of 46 stomachs examined 33 were
einpty, and the contents of 2 were indistinguishable: 11 contained matter
that could be identified. Anmnelids were found in 9, and consisted of (1)
Terebella at Station II., in one in June; and at Station IV., in one in
August : (2) Avenicola, at Station III., in one in March ; and at Station
IV., in one in June: (3) unidentified annelids, at Stations I. and II., in
one in April; at Station IV., in one in November ; and at Station V., in
onein April. Arthropods (Hupagurus) were found at Station IV., in one
in August. J’ish remains were found at Station [V., in one in June and
in one in March.
Turbot (Rhombus maximus).—Four specimens were examined: whitings
were found in one, herrings in one, Ophiura in one. One was full of
tape-worm.
Skate.—Of the thornback skate (Raza clavata), 19 specimens were
examined, 6 were empty; eleven contained Portunus holsatus, and one
contained a swimming-crab and unidentified annelids. Of the starry
ray (Raia radiata) 4 specimens were examined ; one was empty ; two
contained Hupagurus, and one contained sand-eels.
Angler Fish (Lophius piscatorius).—-Only one was examined; it was
empty.
Cod (Gadus morrhua).—Of 10 stomachs examined 2 were empty.
Annelids, found in 3, consisted of Aphrodite in two, and Arenicola in
one. Arthropods, found in 8, consisted of Hupagurus in four, Corystes
in three, Portunus in three, and Crangon in one. Fish, found in 7, con-
sisted of whitings in four, herrings in one and unidentified fish remains in
two.
LiL FIRTe OF FORTH.
SPECIAL TRAWLING IN May.
In the month of May four hauls were made off the southern shore of
the Firth, two being in South Bay, one in Aberlady Bay, and one from
Gullane Point to Ibris, The following are the results :—
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa).—Of 30 stomachs examined 4 were
empty, and the contents of 1 were indistinguishable. Lchinoderms
(sand-stars) were found in one. Annelids, unidentified, were found in
seventeen. Molluscs consisted of Scrobicularia, found in six ; and Solen,
found in five.
250 . Part II] —Kkighth Annual Report
Lemon Soles (Pleuronectes microcephalus).—5 were examined and of
these, 2 were empty. Unidentified Annelids were found in two, and
Nemertes was found in one.
Common Dabs (Pleuronectes limanda)—Of 13 examined 5 were
empty. Echinoderms (sand-stars) were found in two. Nemertes was.
found in one. Arthropods consisted of hermit-crabs in two and Hyas
in one. Molluscs (unidentified gastropods) were found in one. Uniden-
tified fish remains were found in one.
Long Rough Dabs ( Hippoglossoides limandoides).—Of 2 examined 1
wasempty. The remaining one contained Arthropods (Crangon).
Llounders (Pleuronectes flesus).—Of 5 examined 3 were empty. One
contained Hchinoderms (sand-stars), and one fish remains (herring).
Turbot (Rhombus maximus).—Of four examined 3 were empty: one
contained A nnelids,
Thornback Skate (Raia clavata).—Three were examined; all were empty.
Gurnards (Trigla gurnardus).—Of 12 examined 2 were empty. A
planarian worm (sp. ?) was found in one. Arthropods consisted of
Crangon in three, Portunus in three, unidentified hermit-crabs in one
and Pandalus in one. Ssh consisted of goby found in three, and
unidentified fish remains in two.
Cod (Gadus morrhua) 5 were examined. Annelids, unidentified,
were found in one. Arthropods consisted of Portunus (sp. holsatus and
corrugatus) in four, hermit-crabs in two, Zyas in one and Crangon in one.
Molluscs (Buccinum) were found in one. J%sh (Agonus cataphractus)
were found in one. )
IV. FIRTH OF FORTH.
EXPERIMENTAL TRAWLING IN OvcTOBER.
Two hauls were made between Listons Bank and May Island, and three ©
wit
between Inchkeith and May Island. The following are the results :— _
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa).— Of 28 stomachs examined 4 were empty,
and the contents of 3 were indistinguishable, Zchinoderms (Ophiura)
were found in one. Anmnelids consisted of Sabella, found in eight, Phyllo-
doce in one and unidentified annelids in seven. Arthropods (Hupagurus)
were found in one. Molluscs consisted of Scrobicularva found in seven,
Solen in three, Psammobia (sp. ferroensis) in two, Mactra in one and
Nucula in one.
Lemon Soles (Pleuronectes microcephalus).—Of 26 stomachs examined 6
were empty, and the contents of 3 were indistinguishable. chinoderms
(Ophiothrix) were found in one. Annelids consisted of Sabella in thirteen,
and unidentified annelids in three. Arthropods (Hupagurus) were found
in three. Molluscs (Solen) were found in two.
Common Dabs (Pleuronectes limanda).— Of 25 stomachs examined 11
were empty. Echinoderms consisted of Ophiura in two, and Ophiothria
in two. Annelids consisted of Sabella, found in seven and unidentified
annelids in one. Arthropods (Hupagurus) were found in four,
Long Rough Dabs (Hippoglossoides limandoides).—Oft 41 stomachs
examined 28 were empty. chinoderms (Ophiura) were found in one.
Arthropods consisted of Portunus found in five, Crangon in five, Pagurus ;
in one and Pandalus in one. Fish consisted of whitings in one and | '
common dabs in one.
Witch Soles (Pleuronectes cynoglossus)—One examined onan
unidentified annelids, unidentified amphipods and Molluses (Solen).
¢ ‘
™~
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 251
Gurnards (Trigla gurnardus).—Of 12 stomachs examined 1 was
empty, and the contents of 1 were indistinguishable. Arthropods con-
sisted of Crangon found in six, Portunus in two, Pandalus in one,
Ampelisca in one and unidentified schizopods in one. Unidentified jish
remains were found in one.
Cod (Gadus morrhua).—Of 22 stumachs examined 1 was empty.
Annelids (Aphrodite) were found in two. Arthropods consisted of
Crangon; found in nine, Pandalus in eight, Hupagurus in four, Portunus
in three, Nephrops in two and Hyas in one. Molluscs (Pecten) were
found in one. sh consisted of whitings found in two, loug rough dabs
in one and unidentified fish remains in three.
Haddocks (Gadus exglefinus)—Of 25 stomachs examined 5 were
empty. Hchinoderms consisted of Ophiothrix found in eight and
Amphiura is one. Annelids consisted of Sabella, found in two, Priapulus
in one and unidentified annelids in one. Arthropods consisted of Crangon,
found in seven, Ampelisca in six, Portunus in three, Hupagurus in one,
Cuma in one and unidentified amphipods in two. Molluscs consisted of
Scrobicularia, found in eight, Solen in three, Psammolia in one, Cardium
in one and unidentified gastropods in one.
Whitings (Gadus merlangus)—Of 27 stomachs examined 19 were
empty, and the contents of 1 were indistinguishabie. Arthropods
(Pandalus) were found in one. sh, consisting of herrings, sprats, and
whitings, were found in fifteen.
Skate.—Of 4 starry rays'(R. radiata) examined, 3 were empty and
one contained Arthropods (Hyas). Two thornbacks (R. clavata)
examined contained Arthropods; one contained Pandalus, Crangon, and
Nephrops, the other, Portunus and Crangon.
Brassie (Gadus luscus),—14 were examined : all contained Arthropods.
Pandalus was found in seven, Crangon in four, Hupagurus in two,
Portunus in two and unidentified crustacea in two.
Ling (Molva vulgaris).—Of 3 stomachs examined 2 were empty. One
contained Arthropods (Pandalus).
Iythe (Gadus pollachius)—The 2 examined contained unidentified
Jish remains.
Cat-fish (Anarrhichas lupus).—One was examined ; it was empty.
Angler (Lophius piscatorius).—Of 3 examined 2 were empty. One
contained Arthropods (Hupagurus).
V. ST ANDREWS BAY.
SprciaL TRAWLING IN May.
The following are the results of two hanls, one on the north side of the
Bay, the other a little to the north of Station I. :—
Plaice ( Pleuronectes platessa).—Of 15 stomachs examined 3 were empty.
Echinoderms (sand-stars) were found in two. Ammnelids consisted of
Arenicola, found in four, Nere’s in one and unidentified annelids in
four: an unidentified planarian worm was found in one. Molluscs
consisted of “Solen, found in six, Venus in one, and Scerobicularia
in one.
Common Dabs (Pleuronectes limanda).—14 stomachs were examined,
and all contained annelids, Arenicola being found in five, and unidentified
anuelids in nine. Arthropods (Crangon) were found in one and Fish
(goby) also in one. |
Long Rough Dabs (Hippoglossoides limandoides).—Of 4 stomachs
ee -
aaa
bode e 9 ert 2 mea ae ee a
ry)
“
252 Part 111.—Kighth Annual Report
examined 1 was empty. Hchinodervms (sand-stars) were found in three
and Fish (goby) in two.
Haddocks (Gadus exglefinus).—Six were examined. Arthropods (un-
identified amphipods) were found in one and Molluscs (Venus) were found
in all the six.
Whitings (Gadus merlangus).—Two were examined ; one was empty ;
one contained unidentified jish remains.
Gurnards (Trigla gurnardus).—Of 7 stomachs examined 2 were
empty, and the contents of 1 were indistinguishable. Arthropods
consisted of Portunus, found in one, crabs in one and unidentified
amphipods in one. sh (whitings) were found in one.
VI. MONTROSE—J une. é
Two hauls were made here in June, one at Station I. (Lunan Bay), the
at other Station II. (Montrose Bay).
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa).—Of 14 stomachs examined 1 was empty.
Annelids consisted of Sabella, found in five, NVerezs in one and unidentified
annelids in two. Molluscs consisted of Nucula, found in ten, and Venus
in one,
Common Dabs (Pleuronectes limanda).—Of 9 stomachs examined 5 were
empty. Echinoderms (Ophiura albida) were found in two. Molluses
were found in three —Solen in two and Tellina in one.
Long Rough Dabs (Hippoglossoides limandoides).—Of 9 stomachs ex-
amined 3 were empty. chinoderms (Ophiura) were found in four, and
unidentified jish remains in five.
Turbot (Rhombus maximus).—Five were examined ; 4 wereempty. One
contained fish remains.
Gurnard (Trigla gurnardus).—Of 12 stomachs examined 3 were
empty. Arthropods consisted of Crangon, found in two, Portunus in one,
Ampelisca in one, and Diastylis in one. Molluscs (Rossta) were found in
one. ish consisted of whitings in one and unidedtified fish remains in
five.
Haddock (Gadus ceglefinus).—8 stomachs were examined. Lchino-
derms (Ophiura) were found in one. Annelids consisted of Sabella, found
in four, NVeveis in one, and Avenicola in one. Arthropods consisted of
Ampelisca, found in one, and unidentified crustacea in one. Unidentified
lamellibranchs were found in one.
Whitings (Gadus merlangus).—Three were examined ; all were empty.
VII. ABERDEEN STATIONS—Jume.
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa).—Of 44 stomachs examined 10 were
empty, and the contents of 1 were indistinguishable. Hchinoderms
consisted of Ophiura in four and Amp/idotus in one. Annelids consisted
of Nereis, found in seven, Arenicola in one, Terebella in one, Sabella in —
one, Phyllodoce in one and unidentified annelids in two : Lineus bilineatus _
was found in one. Molluscs consisted of Nucula (sp. nitida), found in
four, Vatica (sp. alder’) in one, Donax (sp. vittatus) in one and Mactra
in one. Anemones were found in two.
Lemon Soles (Pleuronectes microcephalus).—One was examined: it was
empty.
Common Dabs (Pleuronectes limanda).—Of 25 stomachs examined 9
were empty, and the contents of 3 were indistinguishable. echinoderms —
a
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 253
(Ophiwra) were found in three. Anmelids consisted of Terebella, found in
two, Phyllodoce in one, Nereis in one, and unidentified annelids in three.
Arthropods consisted of Portunus, found in two, Mysis in one, Idotea (sp.
emarginata) in one, larval decapods in two and unidentified amphipods
in two. Molluscs consisted of Montacutu, found in one, unidentified
gastropods in two and unidentified lamellibranchs in one.
Long Rough Dabs (Hippoglossoides limandoides),—Of 6 stomachs ex-
amined 4 were empty. The two others contained Echinoderms (Ophiura),
Arthropods (Mysis) and unidentified fish remains.
Turbot (Rhombus maximus).—Of 4 stomachs examined 2 were empty.
The other two contained Fish (sand-eels and common dabs).
Thornback Skate (R. clavata).—One was examined ; it was empty.
Gurnard (Trigla gurnardus).-—Of 34 stomachs examined 5 were empty
Arthropods consisted of Myszs, found in twelve, Portunus in nine, Pandalus
in two, Crangon in two and unidentified schizopods in five. Molluscs
(cephalopods) were found in two. sh consisted of plaice, found in one,
goby in one and unidentified fish remains in one.
- Cod (Gadus morrhua).—One was examined: it contained Arthropods
(EHupagurus) and Fish (dabs).
Haddock (Gadus ceglefinus).—Of 20 stomachs examined 1 was empty
and the contents of 5 were indistinguishable. Echinoderms (Ophiura)
were found insix. Annelids consisted of Savella, found in one, Arenicola
in one and unidentitied annelids in two: Nemertes was found in one.
Arthropods consisted of Ampelisca, found in three, Diastylis in two
Portunius in one and unidentified decapods in one. Molluscs (unidentified
lamellibranchs) were found in one.
Whiting (Gadus merlangus).—Of 15 stomachs examined 8 were empty.
Arthropods consisted of Mysis, found in one, Crangon in one, Portunus in
one and unidentified schizopods in three, Molluscs (Rossia) were found
in one. ish (sand-eels) were found in one.
VIII. MORAY FIRTH STATIONS—June and July.
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa).—Of 67 stomachs examined 22 were
empty, and the contents of 1 were indistinguishable. Echinoderms con-
sisted of Amphiura, found in four, Amphidotus (sp. cordatus) in two, and
Ophiura in two. Annelids cousisted of Sabella, found in eight, Plemingia
in four, Priapulus in two, Sipunculus in one, Nere7s in one, Polynde in one
and unidentified annelids in two. Arthropods consisted of Hupagurus,
found in two and Hyas in one. Molluscs consisted of Solen, found in
eleven, Venus (sp. galina) in three, Mactra in two, Natica (sp. catena) in
two, Leda in two, Tapes in two and Chiton in one.
Lemon Soles (Pleuronectes microcephalus).—Of 17 stomachs examined 4
were empty, and the contents of 1 were indistinguishable. Annelids con-
sisted of Sabella, found in seven, Flemingia in six and Oethone in one.
Molluscs (Chiton) were found in one.
Common Dabs (Pleuronectes limanda).—Of 61 stomachs examined 41
were empty, and the contents of 4 were indistinguishable. Hchinoderms
consisted of Amphiura, found in fourteen, Ophiura in one and unidentified
star-fish in one. Annelids consisted of Sipunculus, found in two and
Sabella in one. Arthropods (Hupagurus) were found in one. Molluscs
consisted of So/en, found in two, Mytilus in one, unidentified lamellibranchs
in three and unidentified gastropods in.one. Zouphytes were found in one.
Gurnards (Trigla gurnardus).—Of 40 stomachs examined 19 were
empty, and the contents of | were indistinguishable. Arthropods consisted
eee
254 Part ITT—FEighth Annual Report
of Portunus, found in eight, Ampelisca in three and Crangon (sp. vulgaris)
in two. Unidentified Molluscs were found in one. ish consisted of dabs,
found in two and unidentified fish remains in eight.
Cod (Gadus morrhua).—Of 6 stomachs examined 2 were empty.
Arthoprods consisted of Hupagurus, found in three, Ampelisca in one,
Crangon in one, Portunus in one and Pandalus in one.
Young Cod.—The stomachs of 33 young cod, ranging from 2 to 3
inches in lenyth, were examined: only one was empty, Unidentified
copepods were found in thirteen, unidentified amphipods in ten; Caprella
in eight, Pseudocalanus mm eight, Atylus in six, Thalestris in six, West-
woodia nobilis in five, Hvadne in three, Balanus (ostracod stage) in two,
Dias in two, Amphilochus in two, Hupagurus in one, Portunus in one,
Calanus in one, Longipedia in one, Centropages in one, Monoculoides in
one, Gammaropsis in one, Idya in one and Paradoxostoma in one. Embryo
Gastropods were. found in one. Larval <Ascidians were found in three
Fish remains were found in two.
Haddocks (Gadus ceglefinus).—Of 33 stomachs examined 7 were nti
Echinoderms consisted of Amphiura, found in twelve, Ophiura (sp. textu-
rata) in three, Amphidotus in one and Echinocyamus in one. Annelids
consisted of Sabella, found in two, Sipunculus in one, Terebella in one
and unidentified annelids in one. Arthropods consisted of Portunus,
found in there, Hupagurus in two and unidentified amphipods in one.
Molluscs consisted of Montacuta, found in three, Scrobicularia in three,
Solen in two and unidentified lamellibranchs in eight. <Ascidians were
found in one. |
Coal-fish (Gadus virens).-—Five young coal-fish, ranging in length from
1}? to 4} inches, were examined. None of the stomachs were empty.
Atylus was found in one, Westewoodia in one, Pseudocalanus in one, Balanus
(ostracod stage) in one, unidentified copepods in one, unidentified amphipods
in one and unidentified crustacean remains in one. Larval Ascidians were
found in one. In the stomach of one specimen 22 inches in length nine
small round jish were found.
IX. MORAY FIRTH—July.
The fish examined were caught in deep water off Cullen, and from 14
to 15 miles off Lossiemouth.
Common Dabs ( Pleuronectes limanda).—Four were examined : they were
all empty.
Long Rough Dabs (Hippoglossoides limandoides).—Of 67 stomachs
examined 28 were empty. Hchinoderms, all Amphiura filiformis, were
found in twenty-eight. Amnnelids consisted of Polynée, found in one,
Stpunculus in one and unidentified annelids in three. Arthropods con-
sisted of Boreophausia, found in three, Crangon in one, Portunus in one
and Mysis in one. Molluscs consisted of Scrobicularia, found in one,
and Nucula (sp. tenuis) in one. ish (Lwmpenus) were found in one.
Witch Soles (Pleuronectes cynoglossus).—Two were examined ; one was
empty. The other contained unidentified annelids and Ane =
(Cuma). é
Sail-fluke (Arnoglossus megastoma).—One was examined : it contained ri
unidentified fish remains. ‘)
Gurnards (Trigla gurnardus).—One was examined: it contained —
Arthropods (Portunus). 4
Haddocks (Gadus xglefinus).—Of 18 stomachs examined 2 contained
indistinguishable matter. Hchinoderms (Amphiura) were found in five.
a, a ee et yt were - “4 Ms tS an “a
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 255
Annelids consisted of Polynde, found in two and unidentified annelids in
three. Arthropods consisted of Ampelisca, found in three and Portunus
in one. Molluscs consisted of Scrolicularia, found in seven, Montacuta
in two and Natica (sp. alder?) in one. Ova were found in one.
Whitings (Gadus merlangus).—Of 62 stomachs examined 19 were empty,
and the contents of 6 were indistinguishable. Echinoderms (Echino-
cardium) were found in one. Annelids consisted of Sabella, found in two
and unidentified annelids in one. Arthropods consisted of Boreophausia,
found in fifteen, Crangon in one, unidentified schizopods in fourteen
and unidentified amphipods in one. sh consisted of Lumpenus, found
in one and unidentified fish remains in five. Ova were found in one.
Hydrozoa (Tubularia) were found in one.
Hag-fish (Myxine glutinosa).—15 were examined : they were all empty.
Lumpenus lampetrifornis.—2 were examined: one was empty. The
other contained unidentified annelids.
Three-bearded Rockling (Motella trocirrata).—2 were examined: they
contained Arthropods rcannaet and unidentified amphipods and schizo-
pods).
X. SMITH BANK—July.
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessu).—Of 8 stomachs examined 3 were
empty. Lchinoderms (Amphiura filiformis) were found in two. Anne-
lids consisted of Nereis, found in one and unidentified annelids in’ one.
Molluscs consisted of Solen, found in one, Mactra in one, Thracia in
one and unidentified lamellibranchs in one.
Lemon Soles’ (Pleuronectes microcephalus).—Of 10 stomachs ex-
amined 3 were empty, and the contents of 2 were indistinguishable.
Annelids consisted of Sabella, found in four and unidentified annelids in
one: Lineus (sp. bilineatus) was found in one.
Common Dabs (Pleuronectes limanda.—Of 44 stomachs examined 33
were empty, and the contents of 2 were indistinguishable. Echinoderms
(Hchinocyamus) were found in found one. Annelids consisted of Sabella,
found in one and Szpunculus in one. Arthropods consisted of Hupagurus,
found in four, unidentified schizopods in one and larval crustacea in one.
Molluscs (Mactra) were found in one and Solen in one.
Long Rough Dabs (Hippoglossoides limandoides).—One was examined :
it was empty.
Turbot (Rhombus maximus).—One was examined ; it was empty.
Thornback Skate (R. clavata). — Of 4 stomachs examined 3 were
empty. The remaining one contained Molluscs (unidentified gastropods).
Little Soles (Solea lutea).—All the stomachs examined, 35 in number,
were either empty or contained only a little mucus.
Gurnards (Trigla gurnardus).—Of 35 stomachs examined 5 were
empty. Arthropods consisted of Crangon, found in seven, Portunus in six,
Mysis (sp. ornatus) in three, Ampelisca in one, Pandalus (sp. annulicornis)
in one, unidentified schizopods in four and amphipods in one. ish
consisted of dabs, found in one, gobies in one, sand-eels in one and
unidentified fish remains in eight.
Cod (Gadus morrhua).—2 examined contained Arthropods (Hupa-
gurus bernhardus).
Haddocks (Gadus ceglefinus).—Of 25 stomachs examined 2 were empty,
and the contents of 7 were indistinguishable. Fichinoderms consisted of
Amphiura, found in nine, Hchinocyamus in one and Ophioglypha (sp.
albida) in one. Unidentified Annelids were found in one. Arthropods
consisted of Portunus, found in one and Hupagurus in one. Molluscs
(Mactra subtruncata) were found in five,
er ey eek i ee EN SE se gee Oo IN
ex ~—s “7s ys, en ae Cheeta’? 1
~ : wt a os ee et a, *
256 Part III.— Eighth Annual Report
Whitings (Gadus merlangus). — Of 10 stomachs examined, 8 were
empty. Arthropods (fragments of amphipods) were found in one and
Molluscs (unidentified cephalopods) in one.
Angler (Lophius piscatorius).—Of 4 stomachs examined 2 were empty.
The other two contained unidentified fish remains.
Dragonet (Callionymus lyra).—One was examined; it was empty.
XI. THE ORKNEYS—July.
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa).—Of 24 stomachs examined 4 were empty,
and the contents of 1 were indistinguishable. Anmeld/s consisted of
Sabella, found in three, and Wereis inthree. Arthropods (Kupagurus) were
found in two. <Afolluscs consisted of Mactra (sp. subtruncata and solida),
found in five, Solen (sp. pellucida) in three, Venus (sp. galina, ovata and
exoleta) in three, 7'ellina (sp. pusilla) in two, Cyprina in one and unidenti-
fied lamellibranchs in one. sh (sand-eels) were found in five.
Lemon Soles (Pleuronectes microcephalus.—Of 26 stomachs examined 9 —
were empty, and the contents of 4 were indistinguishable. Hchinoderms
consisted of Ophiura, found in one aud a holothurianin one. Unidenti-
fied Amnelids were found in six and Sipunculus was found in one,
Arthropods consisted of Hyas (sp. coarctus), found in one and Hupagurus
in one. Molluscs consisted of Holts, found in two, Montacuta (sp. ferru-
ginosa) in one, unidentified gastropods in three and unidentified lamelli-
branchs in two.
Common Dabs (Pleuronectes limanda).—Of 45 stomachs examined 24 |
were empty, and the contents of 4 were indistinguishable. Hchinoderms
(Ophiuroids), were found in one. Unidentitied Annelids were found in two,
Arthropods (Eupagurus) were found in two. Molluscs consisted of
Scrobicularia (sp. prismatica), found in one and unidentified lamellibranchs _
infour. sh remains (a piece of liver) were found in one, and a piece of
dulce was found in another. :
Long Rough Dubs (Hi ppoylossoides limandoides).—One was examined;
it was empty.
Thornback Skate (R. clavata).—One was examined; it contained Fish
(sand-eels).
Sail-fluke (Arnoglossus megastoma).—Two were examined; one was —
empty. The ‘pthier contained unidentified fish remains.
Gurnards (Trigla gurnurdus).—Of 19 stomachs examined 2 were empty,
and the contents of 1 were indistinguishable. Arthropods consisted of |
Crangon, found in seven, Portunus in four and unidentified amphipods in —
one, schizopods in one and crustacea inone. sh consisted of cod, found _
in one, butter-fish in one and unidentified remains in five. A piece of sea- E;
weed was found in one.
Cod (Gadus morrhua).—6 were examined. Arthropods consisted of
Portunus, found in two, Eupagurus in two, Hyas ‘in one and Crangon ine
one. Molluscs (Fusus) were found in one. Ascidians were found in one.
Fish consisted of sand-eels, found in one herrings in one and unidentifie
fish remains in one. F’
Haddocks (Gadus exglefinus)—Of 13 stomachs examined 1 was empty,
and the contents of 3 were indistinguishable. chinoderms consisted oa
Amphiura, found in three and Ophiura in two. Anmelids (Sipunesiae
were found in one. Arthropods consisted of Ampelisca, found in one @
Kréyeria in one. Molluscs consisted of Scrobicularia, found in tk ae
Tellina (sp. pusilla) in one, Psammobia (sp. ferroensis) in one and v n-
identified lamellibranchs in one. Asctdians were found in one. A
A
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 257
Ii.—THE SPAWNING anp SPAWNING PLACES or MARINE
FOOD-FISHES. By Dr T. Wemyss Fuuron, Secretary for
Scientific Investigations.
I, INTRODUCTORY.
One of the main objects of scientific fishery research is to determine
with accuracy the phenonema connected with the reproduction of the marine
food-fishes, and the location of their spawning grounds. Erroneous views
have been widely held as to the periods when and places where they spawn.
For the past two years I have endeavoured to obtain all possible data
referring to the spawning of sea-fishes. Since June 1888, the condition
of the reproductive organs of many thousands of food-fishes has been
ascertained at various parts of the coast during every month of the year,
and the localities where ripe specimens were caught determined.*
1. Tue TIME AND DURATION OF SPAWNING.
The spawning time of most sea-fishes is in spring and early summer ;
from February to June. Both the time of its occurrence and its relative
duration vary in different species, and to some extent with the same
species from year to year. The duration in any given species is caused
partly by the spawning process in individual fishes being prolonged ; but
chiefly by the successive maturation of groups or shoals of fish. <A very
common characteristic is the presence of ripe males both before and after
the appearance of ripe females. Among flat-fishes, one of the earliest to
spawn is the plaice. Plaice begin to spawn usually about the end of
January, and continue spawning throughout February and a part of
March. ‘The long rough dab spawns from the end of January to April, but
chiefly in March. The flounder begins to spawn in February and continues
spawning till June. The common dab may spawn for a considerable
period—from the end of February to July, but mainly in April, May,
and June. The spawning of the lemon sole occurs in May, June and
July, but ripe individuals may occasionally be obtained in other months.
The witch sole spawns in May, June, July, and August ; turbot in May,
June, and July ; and brill apparently earlier, in Apriland May. The black
| or English sole spawns in the neighbourhood of St Andrews Bay in April,
May, and June. Among round-fishes, the cod spawns from the end of
February to the end of May; but chiefly in Marchand April. The spawn-
ing of the haddock begins about the end of January and continues till the
end of April or beginning of May. The great spawning period of this
fish may be said to extend from the middle of March to the middle of
April. The whiting spawns somewhat later than the haddock—from March
to June, but chiefly in April. The spawning period of the gurnard is
prolonged; it extends from March to July, but ripe individuals have
* The examination of the fish, in accordance with the scheme devised, has been
almost entirely made by Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.S., on board the ‘Garland’ ; partly
also on board the steam trawler ‘Southesk,’ which, on several occasions, through the
courtesy of the owners Messrs Johnston & Sons, Montrose, Mr Scott has been
allowed to accompany. Mr Peter Jamieson also examined a number of fish landed by
fishermen. My thanks are also due to many of the fishery officers along the East
Coast, especially, perhaps, to Mr Murray, Newhaven, Mr Miller, Montrose, Mr Mair,
Anstruther, and Mr Bain, Stonehaven, for keeping the records.
7
258 Part LII—Eighth Annual Report
been got as early as January and as late as August. It spawns chiefly in
June,
2. SPAWNING PLACES.
It is well known that many sea-fish resort year after year to the same
grounds for spawning purposes. In the case of the herring, which
deposits its eggs on the bottom, the spawning grounds are generally
within or close to the territorial waters. The spawning places of nearly
all sea-fishes whose eggs are pelagic, lice, however, at distances more or
less remote from shore, and beyond the territorial waters. In the case of
some small flat-fish, such as the common dab, the flounder, and to a less
extent, the long rough dab, spawning goes on as well within as without
the territorial waters; these fish appear to spawn almost wherever they
happen to be, and the adults are present in relatively large numbers near
the shore. Among round-fishes, the gurnard also spawns to some extent
within the territorial limit, but to a greater extent beyond it. None of
these fishes appear to congregate in well-defined shoals. The gurnard is
rare near the shores in winter. They begin to approach the coast,
apparently to spawn, in March and April, and leave in October and
November. With the above exceptions, all the food-fishes spawn offshore ;
notably those which congregate in great shoals at the spawning time, such 3
as cod, haddock, whiting, plaice, mackerel, &c. Why should great shoals —
of cod, haddock, whiting and plaice, congregate at distances of from about
eight or ten to twenty miles from shore, on the East Coast, for the
purpose of propagation? There is evidence that shortly before the
spawning period, large, fully adult and nearly ripe individuals are found
within two or three miles from shore; that no fully ripe specimens are got
near shore during the time of spawning ; and that after the spawning is
over large spent fish are caught in the territorial waters. The nature of
the bottom does not seem to have much influence ; as a rule it is sandy or
hard, but such bottoms are as common inshore as offshore. I think
the selection of offshore sites for spawning may be explained by the
following considerations :—-(1) The conditions which regulate the choice —
of the spawning place have reference specially to the welfare of the —
progeny ; (2) the grounds close inshore afford the maximum of food,
shelter and warmth for the rearing of the newly hatched young; and in
these areas very young fishes abound ; (3) the eggs are pelagic and are
hatched at or near the surface, generally within a week or two after 4
fertilisation, during which time the great majority are carried by the
prevailing surface currents towards the shore, so that the larval fishes find —
themselves in the best conditions for their security and growth. The
pelagic ova of cod, haddock, whiting, plaice, &c. have been obtained in —
large numbers close inshore, where no spawning fish occur, and many of
these have hatched out within a day or two after they were taken. If
these fish whose ova float were to spawn, like the herring, close to the shore, —
a large proportion of the eggs would be stranded on the beach, or carried —
into turbid or brackish water, and destroyed. I believe it will be found —
that the selection of spawning grounds is determined chiefly by the
physical conditions, in relation to the transport of the developing ova to”
the places where the young are reared. A considerable proportion of the —
pelagic ova spawned at the offshore grounds are no doubt carried seawards-
by the surface currents produced by winds blowing offshore, and the larval
fishes in many cases find themselves in conditions less suitable for their
growth and safety. This is probably one of the main reasons for the mucn
greater fertility of the fish which produce pelagic eggs than those whose
eggs are gi ii In the latter case the eggs are fixed and the young are
fi
."
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 259
hatched in the most suitable conditions. There is reason to believe that
in some cases (e.g. plaice), the spawning process may be delayed until the
set of the currents is suitable for the transport of the fertilised ova shore-
wards. We know most perhaps about the spawning and spawning grounds
of the plaice. In January and February great shoals of very large ripe
fish, the males averaging about sixteen or seventeen inches in length and
the females about twenty-four inches, congregate on grounds at distances
from about eight or ten to twenty miles from the East Coast. In the
neighbourhood of the Forth and St Andrews Bay these shoals are mainly
found above eight or ten miles off; off Montrose they may occur up to
twenty-five miles. A great spawning ground is Smith Bank in the Moray
Firth. This bank lies in from 18 to 20 fathoms of water, sixteen miles
from the west side of the Moray Firth, and about thirty miles from the
south shore. The bottom is hard, and the invertebrate fauna not abundant.
Comparatively few fishes are obtained on this ground except at spawning
time; and very few young fishes. It is therefore a typical spawning
ground, to only a slight extent a feeding ground, and in no sense a
nursery. Successive shoals of plaice, cod, and haddock frequent it for
spawning purposes. Ripe plaice congregate on Smith Bank in large
numbers in January or the beginning of February. They come to
some extent from the inshore waters; but mainly from offshore. It
is not possible to state from what distance offshore they may come,
but some of them probably travel considerable distances, for large
spent fish were obtained at the end of May at the ‘Garland’ Stations
at the mouth of the Dornoch Firth, nearly thirty miles from Smith
Bank, which had probably come from that ground or its vicinity. The
plaice continue spawning during February and part of March, and then
disperse. The fertilised ova are obtained in great numbers over the
spawning shoals and in the waters between Smith Bank and the shore,
towards which they are gradually drifted. Scarcely a single immature
plaice, and none of small size, was obtained by the ‘Garland’ in its
many trawlings over this bank and its neighbourhood ; while abundance
of immature individuals are obtained inshore, and the smaller the nearer
to the beach. As they increase in size they gradually migrate to deeper
water. During the time when plaice are spawning at Smith Bank the
general direction of the wind and therefore of the surface currents is
north and east and will tend to carry the floating and developing ova
shorewards. Similarly, in spring the winds on the East Coast of Scotland
are generally easterly ; and hence the ova thrown from spawning shoals
ten or fifteen miles off are gradually carried during their development
towards the shore. There is little evidence as to the phenomena of the
spawning of fish on the West Coast; but many of them spawn much
nearer shore than on the East Coast.
Among most or all fishes which frequent the territorial zone, but go
offshore to spawn, many fully adult, but not ripe individuals remain in
the territorial waters throughout the spawning time. This is the case
with haddock, cod, whiting, plaice, &c. Some of those in this condition,
at the beginning of the spawning season, no doubt ripen and spawn before
the season closes; but large numbers certainly do not. Another point of
interest is the mixture of mature and ill-developed adults, which some-
times occurs on the same ground. For instance, among long rough dabs, in
one haul of the net individuals of all sizes from six to twelve inches may
be found with the reproductive organs fully developed and ripe, or scarcely
developed at all. It is possible that in such cases the adults do not
spawn every year.
A summary of the chief results obtained is given below.
260 Part III—Kighth Annual Report
II. FLAT FISH.
Puarce (Plewronectes platessa).—The number of plaice examined, from
May 1889 to May 1890, was 1613. Close upon 500 were from the Firth —
of Forth; about 370 from St Andrews Bay, and the remainder from the
Stations ‘at Montrose, Aberdeen, and the Moray Firth, and from Smith
Bank and other offshore grounds. Fishery officers examined 145.
Territorial Waters.—In the Firth of Forth none were found ripe.
In October and November, 1889, two males and four females were found _
nearly ripe at the stations at the mouth of the Firth of Forth. They
were all large fish, 18 to 24 inches long. At St Andrews Bay in August
a large female 26 inches long was spent. ‘The observations made from
February to May are of interest. In February, males and females up to
174 inches long were quite immature at the inner stations in the Forth.
On 21st February a female 27 inches long was taken at Station VI. in a
spent condition ; some, 16 and 17 inches long, were nearly mature. In
March, at all the stations in the Forth and St Andrews Bay, all the fish —
examined were immature. At the inner stations in the Forth some of —
these were 16 and 17 inches long. In St Andrews Bay, a female was
caught at Station I., 24 inches long and immature. In the end of April, —
all were immature ‘up to 174 inches at the Forth Stations ; ; two spent
females, 20 inches and 23 inchés long, were taken on the 25th at Station
VI In May (12th to 16th), all were immature; but at Station VI.
some very large females were found to be spent, their lengths being from
19 to 23 inches. In St Andrews Bay, on May Ist and 2nd, all were im-
mature ; at Station I., a female, 25 inches long, was spent, The same
conditions were found at the Moray Firth Stations, and at Montrose and
Aberdeen in May. At Montrose all were immature (up to 16 inched
except one male on May 19th, 21 inches long, which was nearly mature.
At Aberdeen all were immature, up to 18 inches in length, except one
male at 16 inches, which was nearly mature. At the stations in the —
territorial waters in the Moray Firth, all were immature at the end of —
May (26th to 29th) ; but there were considerable numbers of large spent
fish. Of 51 females, of all sizes examined, 15 were spent. All those —
above 20 inches were spent ; none below 20 inches were spent. These
fish had no doubt spawned ‘offshore, probably at Smith Bank in March,
and had then retreated to the territorial waters.
Offshore Grounds.—The fishery officers examined above 200 lai
landed along the East Coast from July to the end of December; but
none were ripe. In January, 55, examined at Aberdeen, had the ‘roe
‘ forming.’ -
At Smith Bank, on February 5th, 1890, a considerable number were —
examined by Mr Scott, but only a few were nearly mature; one male was —
mature. In February, of six plaice from Smith Bank, examined at —
Montrose, three females and two males were mature: of 70 caught
in the Moray Firth, and examined at Aberdeen, ten females were ‘
spawning, and others were spent: of 15 from Smith Bank, examined —
at Burghead, three males and five females were mature, On
February 23rd large numbers of full-sized plaice were caught at em
Bank; none appeared to be actually spawning, but they were jus
about fully ripe. On May 24th, Mr Scott found males up to 15 inch rk
and females up to 19 inches immature ; one female, 21 inches lon a3
was spent. On February 6th, a large number of full-sized plaice we
taken from 22-25 miles S.E. of Montrose; they were all nearly ripe
but none fully mature. In March, of 30 from the Moray Firth,
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 261
examined at Aberdeen, five males and fourteen females were ripe. In
March, of 14 caught ‘60 miles off Fraserburgh (? Smith Bank)
four females were mature. In April, of 30 caught from 10 to 20
miles east of May Island, two females and five males were ripe. In
May 40 were immature.
Thus it appears :—(1) That plaice do not spawn in territorial waters on
the East Coast of Scotland, but at grounds lying offshore as far as 20 or
25 miles; they probably also spawn at greater distances and somewhat
nearer the shore,—especially off the mouth of the Firth of Forth. The
floating ova of plaice were found by the ‘Garland,’ at Smith Bank on
February 4th and 5th ; 22-25 miles 8.E. of Montrose on February 6th
and 7th; at the outer stations of St Andrews Bay on March 26th; at
the mouth of the Firth of Forth on February 22nd and March 18th, and
East of Inchkeith on March 21st ; larval forms, which Professor M‘Intosh
considers may be those of plaice, were found at Station III. (near shore)
St Andrews Bay, on May 2nd, and East of Inchkeith, in the Firth of
Forth, on March 21st, (2) That they spawn chiefly during January,
February, and March ; but that the time may vary in different years. At
Smith Bank, the congregation of spawning plaice was much later in
1890 than in 1889, (3) That the larger adult plaice in the territorial
waters migrate at the approach of the spawning time to offshore grounds,
and return to the territorial waters on the completion of spawning,
Lemon SoxE (Pleuronectes microcephalus.—The number of lemon soles
examined was 722. The majority were obtained from the Firth of
-Forth ; but a large number were from the Moray Forth, and other
parts of the East Coast.
Territorial Waters.—Of 50 examined in the Firth of Forth in June,
one female was ripe at Station V., and'two females and one male nearly
ripe. Of 41 in July 1889, 8 were nearly ripe. In August, of 49 specimens
- examined, one was nearly ripe. In October of 25 specimens, one was
nearly ripe. None were found nearly ripe until March 14th, when two
males were in that condition. In April, of 32 examined, one male was
ripe ; 7 were nearly ripe; and 5 females were also nearly ripe. In May,
of 39, one male was ripe near May Island, and one male and three females
were nearly ripe. In St Andrews Bay lemon soles are rare. All those
examined in June, August, October, March, and May were immature. In
the Moray Firth, at the end of May, one male was nearly mature and
another ripe. No ripe females were obtained, but several were nearly
mature. Of sixteen examined at the end of June, two females were
mature, and one nearly ripe. On July 9th, another ripe female was
obtained. At Aberdeen, on May 20th, a ripe male was got ; two females
were nearly mature. 3
Offshore Grounds.—In July—when there were no mature specimens
among the 41 from the Firth proper—ripe specimens were obtained off-
shore. At Station VIII. the only specimen caught, a female 14 inches
long, was fully ripe ; at Station IX., which lies from 5 to 10 miles east of
May Island, of four specimens examined in July all were ripe. The largest
mature female was 164 inches long, and the smallest 14 inches; the
largest ripe male was 10§ inches and the smallest 84 inches. Of 30
caught from July 1st to 31st, 20 to 30 miles S.E. of Montrose, eleven were
ripe. In August, most, and in September all were spent ; on August 23rd,
one male, caught 25 miles off, was ripe. At the end of August one
female was found to be nearly mature at Station VIII. and one at Station
-IX. in November. At Station VIII. one male was ripe in April; anda
female and a male nearly ripe in May. At Liston Bank, 22 miles from
262 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
May Island, three females out of 16 fish examjned, were ripe on October
15th. At Smith Bank, on May 24th, of four males from 15 to 16 inches,
three were ripe, the fourth, 74 inches long, was nearly half ripe ; of four ©
females examined, one, eighteen inches long, was ripe ; and three from 154
to 17 inches were nearly ripe.
The ‘Garland’ obtained pelagic ova apparently belonging to this
fish, at Station II. (in Largo Bay), Firth of Forth, on May 7th in the sur- —
face-net ; and what Professor M‘Intosh believes to be the larval stage of
the lemon sole was obtained on the same day just beyond the mouth of —
the Firth of Forth. 7
It appears therefore that while the lemon sole may spawn to a slight
extent on the margin of the territorial waters, it spawns mainly offshore,
as at Smith Bank, during May, June, and July, but mainly in June.
Common Dass (Pleuronectes limanda).—The number of specimens
examined was 1124; about a third from the Firth of Forth.
Territorial Waters.—In May, of 16 specimens examined, five females —
and one male were ripe, and two males nearly ripe at the mouth of the
Firth of Forth ; in June, of 35 specimens examined, two males (the largest —
9 inches and the smallest 74 inches) and one female, 74 inches, were ripe, —
and ten males nearly ripe. In July, of 46 specimens, one male was ripe ©
and six nearly ripe. In August, of 32 specimens, four males were nearly —
ripe. In October, two males, out of 37 specimens, were nearly mature.
In November, of 34 specimens, five males and one female were nearly
ripe. In February, of eight specimens, one male was nearly ripe. In
March, of 40 specimens, two males and two females were mature, and
six males and eight females were nearly ripe. In April, of 27 specimens,
three females and six males were ripe, and one female and two males
nearly ripe. In May 1890, of 35 specimens examined, six females (84-_
11 inches) and one male were fully ripe, and seven females and five males
nearly mature. In St Andrews Bay, in June, of 40 specimens, one male
and one female were ripe, and three males and four females nearly ripe.
There were none ripe in August (42 specimens), October (46 specimens), —
or November (38 specimens). In March, of 30 specimens, five females —
and one male were ripe. In May, of 36 specimens, two females qnd five
males were fully mature, and three females nearly mature. At the
Aberdeen stations, one female, out of 28 specimens, was ripe in May 1889;
none were ripe in May 1890. Thirty-nine specimens in September were —
all more or less immature. At the stations in the Moray Firth, of 49
specimens examined in May, 1890, nine females and five males were
mature. In June 1889, of 37 specimens, six females and five males were
ripe. In July, of 38 specimens, three males, but no females, were ~
mature. a
Offshore Grounds.—At Stations VITI. and IX., at the mouth of the Firth
of Forth, of nine specimens, two females and one male were ripe in May
1889. In June 1889, of thirteen specimens, nine males and four females
were nearly ripe. In May 1890, of 43, none were ripe, and only one
male nearly ripe. In July 1889, four males, of 8 examined, were mature.
In August, one female, out of eleven, was ripe. In October and November
none were mature. In February, of 8 specimens, one male was ripe, and
one male and two females nearly ripe. In March one male was mature
and three females nearly mature, of the specimens examined. In October
at Liston Bank, of twenty-three specimens, none were mature, but several
females seemed to be spent. At Smith Bank, in June and July, 1889,
of 44 specimens, thirteen females were found mature; and thirteen
females and two males nearly ripe. On February 5th, none of thirtee
75
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 263
specimens were mature or nearly mature, At the end of May 1890, of
17 females, six were ripe (54 to 8 inches) and a number nearly ripe. On
February 7th, none of twelve, obtained from 20 to 25 miles 8. E. of
Montrose, were mature; but seven were nearly ripe. Ripe males and
females were therefore obtained in the territorial waters in March, April,
May, and June; and ripe males in July ; and ripe individuals of both
sexes in the offshore waters in May and August; ripe males alone in
February and March ; and ripe females alone in June and July.
The common dab, therefore, spawns both offshore and in territorial
waters, but chiefly in the latter. It seems to spawn almost anywhere ;
and the spawning time extends from March to June or July; probably
chiefly in May.
The pelagic ova of the common dab were obtained by the ‘Garland’
at the following places:—St Andrews Bay; at Stations IV. and V. on
March 26th ; at Station I. on 28th March. In the Firth of Forth, near
May Island, on February 22nd ;' Station VIII., 18th March ; and East of
Inchkeith, 21st March (abundant).
Wirtcn Sore (Pleuronectes cynoglossus).—I have collected and compared
all the data relating to the specimens of this species since June, 1888 In
all, 223 specimens were examined, 69 males and 154 females. The ripe
specimens were eleven in number ; one male and ten females ; there were
also eleven females spent. Those nearly mature numbered 43 ; 18 males
and 25 females. Ten of the fully ripe specimens were obtained offshore ;
the nine females at the Forth Stations VIII. & IX., three in May and six
towards the end of July. The single ripe male was got near Liston Bank,
about 15 miles off, in October. Of the eleven spent females, two were
got at Station VIII., in August, two at the same station in November ;
and the rest near this station, also in August and November. The
nearly ripe specimens were also mostly caught at Stations VIII. or IX ;
two were obtained in July in the Moray Firth, in 53 fathoms, about
twelve miles off; others were got near the mouth of the Firth of Forth.
The nearly mature individuals were obtained in March, April, May, and
especially in June. The witch sole is uncommon in the territorial waters.
It spawns offshore, and not in the territorial waters. The spawning time
appears to be May, June, July, and perhaps August. The ova do not yet
seem to have been obtained in the ‘ Garland’s’ tow-nets.
FLouNDER (Pleuronectes flesus).—I have also studied the data as to
the spawning of the flounder which have been collected since June 1888.
It is one of the very few sea-fishes in which the males are more numerous
than the females. The number of specimens examined was 217; 122
males and 95 females. They were obtained chiefly in the Firth of Forth
and St Andrews Bay. A very large proportion were ripe; viz. 76—41
males and 35 females, and nine were spent. Mature individuals were got
at all the stations in St Andrews Bay. They were 57 in number, 25
males and 32 females ; and were obtained from March 19th to May 2nd.
In March and April, fifteen ripe females and thirteen ripe males
were caught, in May nineteen ripe males and ten ripe females.
In the Firth of Forth ripe males and females were obtained in February,
two on 13th March, April and May, and one ripe female was got in June,
In the Forth ripe individuals were obtained at stations I. II., III., IV.,
VIL., and VIII.; most of them at the stations pretty well up the estuary.
The spawning of the flounder is of interest from the proportionally
large number of ripe specimens caught, and some details may be given.
In St Andrews Bay, for instance, on the 26th and 27th of March, 1890,
males of from 8 to 104 inches were ripe, and there were twelve ripe males
>
a os
264 Part ITI.—-Eighth Annual Report
to two ripe females ; the females were 10} and 14 inches long. In May
there were nineteen ripe males and ten ripe females. The males ranged
from 7 to 10 inches, and the females from 8} to 16 inches. As is usual,
a number of individuals of much larger size than the smaller ripe specimens
were quite immature, e.g., males 81, 9and 12 inches. Four females, from
9 to 14 inches, were spent. The ‘ Garland’s’ tow-nets obtained ova which —
Professor M‘Intosh thinks belong to the flounder, on 21st March, east of
Inchkeith ; and larval or post-larval flounders were obtained in St Andrews
Bay on lst and 2nd May at all the stations.
It appears, therefore, that the flounder spawns to a considerable extent,
like the dabs, in territorial waters, from February to the beginning of
June.
Lone Rovcn Dazss (Hippoglossoides limandoides).—The number
exainined was 774, the majority of which were from the Firth of Forth.
Territorial Waters.—Of 144 examined in the Forth in May, June and
July, 1889, none were ripe or nearly ripe. Of 50 examined in August, a
female was nearly ripe and one was spent. In October 42 were examined,
and all were immature. In November, of 43, none were ripe, but, 20
females and 6 males were nearly ripe, both at the inner and outer stations.
In February 1890, of 26 specimens, one male (64 inches) was ripe and
one male and sixteen females nearly mature. In March, of 41 specimens,
six females were mature, and fourteen females and one male nearly mature.
In April, out of 40 specimens, only one female was mature. In May 42
specimens were examined. None were ripe, but twelve females (8 to 14
inches) were spent. This species is rare in St Andrews Bay. Of 30
specimens examined, none were ripe. 'Two females were spent on May
1st at Station V., and two were nearly ripe. This flat-fish does not appear
to spawn in the Bay.
Offshore Grounds.—The long rough dabs is very abundant offshore.
In the Firth of Forth area no ripe or nearly ripe specimens were got at
Stations VIIL, IX., in 1889, from May till August, inclusive (72 specimens
examined). In October, of ten specimens, four females were nearly —
mature. In November, of 21 specimens, one male was ripe, and eleven
females and one male nearly. In February 1890, of 13 specimens, ten
females and one male were mature. In March ten specimens were
examined, four females were mature, and two nearly mature, at Station
[X., and two nearly mature at Station VIII. In April, of 21 specimens,
all were immature; as were also twelve in May. Twenty-one were
examined at Liston Bank in October ; two females were nearly mature—
none were ripe. In May 20 were examined ; all were unripe.
At Smith Bank, on February 5th, four were examined ; they were females
and were almost mature (8 to 9 inches). Two females obtained, 22- —
25 miles south east of Montrose, on February 7th, were almost mature ;
ripe specimens were therefore obtained in territorial waters in February,
March, April, May, and August ; but ripe individuals of both sexes only
in March. At offshore grounds mature specimens were caught in
November and March ; in the latter month alone were both sexes obtained. —
The process of spawning in the long rough dab is probably accomplished _
very rapidly. It spawns both in territorial waters and far from shore, —
apparently chiefly in March. |
Tursor (Rhombus maximus).—Nothing very definite is known as to —
the spawning places of the turbot. The number of specimens examined —
by Mr Scott was 42 ; fishery officers examined 225. Of nine obtained in —
the Firth of Forth (almost all at the outer stations) none were ripe —
or nearly ripe. Four were spent; two, 23 and 28 inches, in —
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 265
August, one in May (27 inches) and one in November (23 inches), six
were caught in St Andrews Bay ; one female, 27 inches long, was nearly
mature in May. Others caught in the territorial waters off Aberdeen and
Montrose, and in the Moray Firth, in June and September, were unripe.
On February 7th, four, obtained from 22—25 miles S.E. of Montrose, were
nearly half mature ; they ranged in size from 23 to 284 inches. On May
22, 1890, two caught at Station VII., Aberdeen, were about half ripe; one
was male, 18 inches long, and the other female, 23 inches long. On Feb-
ruary 12th, three females were caught about two miles from Dunbar; one, —
28 inches long, was about half mature, and the other two, each 31 inches
long, ‘rather mature.’ Of 173 examined by fishery officers along the
East Coast from October to the end of April none were mature. In May,
of 50 caught 10 to 30 miles East of May Island, five males and fonr
females were ripe. At Stonehaven, two, examined in May, were spent.
Professor M‘Intosh obtained the ova of turbot 47 miles East by South
of May Island on 9th July 1884, and ripe females were at the same time
observed.*
Britt (Rhombus levis).—Only 13 specimens were examined on board
the ‘Garland.’ Of two males and three females obtained at the mouth
of the Forth (Station VI.) in April, May and August, only one was ripe,
a female 23 inches long, caught on May 3rd. In August a female 24
inches long was immature. On the 7th February, 7 caught from 22-25
miles S.E. of Montrose were examined, none were ripe. ‘Three of the five
were about half mature; their lengths were 20, 22, and 23 inches.
Two males, at 18 inches and 8 inches, were immature. Each of the two
females was 25 inches long ; one was immature, and the other nearly half
ripe.
Biack Soe (Solea vulgaris).—Only three females were examined, all
from Station IV., St Andrews Bay. On October 10th, one, 174 inches long,
was about half mature ; on March 27th, one, 19 inches long, was nearly
ripe ; and on May Ist, the third, 17 inches long, was spent.
Hauizsut (Hippoglossus vulgaris).—A female, 234 inches long, caught
about 5 miles from Dunbar, on February 15th, was about half ripe, of 94
examined by fishery officers 3 were ripe; one on March 21st, 30 to 50
miles off Fraserburgh ; two on May 22nd, 40 miles off Macduff.
II. ROUND FISH.
Happock (Gadus ceglefinus)—10,132 were examined; 737 were
mature, and practically all in extra-territorial waters.
Territorial Waters.—In the Firth of Forth all were immature in May,
June, July, August, October, and November (202 examined). At the
middle of February, of 14 specimens, two males and three females were
nearly mature. The males were 15 and 16 inches long, and the females
froin 18 to 20 inches. In March, all those examined in the territorial
area were immature (spawning was going on offshore). All were immature
in April and May. At Dunbar, in December, males and females (144 to
184 inches) caught by line fishermen within or about three miles from
shore were about three parts mature ; on 22nd January a female, 27 inches
long, was very nearly mature. On February 4th, many males and females
up to 15 inches in length were quite immature; some, 144 inches long,
* Seventh Annual Report Fishery Board, Part III, p. 304.
266 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
were three parts mature. On February 7th and 10th, females, from 16
to 174 inches, were three parts mature; others up to 14 inches were
quite immature. On February 25th, one ’ female, 164 inches, was found
spent two miles off ; and several others from 17-23 inches were very
nearly ripe. On March 7th a female, 26 inches long, was found newly
spent. On March 27th, nearly all the large fish were newly spent. Ina
boxful of large fish examined on 29th March, and caught about three
miles off, one female was nearly ripe, and all the others spent. On April
lst and 4th, some males, up to 14 inches long, caught 3 miles off and
some females up to 154 inches, were quite immature; a female of 21
inches was nearly mature. In a boxful examined on April Ist, caught
3 miles off, about half a dozen females were nearly ripe; the others and
the males were spent. All those obtained at the stations at Aberdeen,
Montrose, the Moray Firth, and the Orkneys in June, July, and December,
were immature. In May 1890, a number of half mature males, from 12
to 17 inches long, were obtained at Aberdeen, Montrose, and the Moray
Firth ; all females were immature. As in other cases on the West Coast,
some haddocks were found ripe near shore. At Ullapool, within half a
mile, in January ; off Cantyre, within one mile, in February and April.
Offshore Grounds.—In the Firth of Forth area one nearly mature male — ‘
(10 inches long) was got at Station VIII. on May 16th, 1889. Of 96
specimens examined from June to November, all were immature. On
February 14th, of eight, at Station IX., five females (16-18 inches) were
nearly ripe ; two (134 and 14 inches) were immature. Of two males, one,
14 inches long, was nearly mature. On March 18th, of five examined at
Station IX., two males (15 and 16 inches) and one female (15 inches)
were fully ripe, and two females nearly so. On April 23d, of nine exam-
ined, one male was ripe. In May each of the twelve specimens was
immature. J ifteen miles off Dunbar, a ripe female with the ova running,
24 inches long, was caught on January 21st, 1890 ; but hundreds of others
smaller in size were from half to three parts mature. On February 6th
and 10th, from ten to twelve miles off, thirteen of the largest females
were ripe; the others and the males about three parts mature. On
March 7th, females, from 17 to 23 inches long, were ripe; some 18
inches long, only half ripe. On 11th March a large number of spent fish
were got ; on 18th March, females and males were fully ripe, spawning or
spent. In another ‘shot on March 19th, twelve miles off, none of the fish,
which were large, were either ripe or spent; they were mostly about
three parts mature. In the offshore grounds in the Moray Firth, at the
beginning of February, thirty haddocks were examined. Of the thirty
females, 13 to 20 inches, and six males, from 12 to 19 inches, none were
ripe or nearly ripe.
Haddocks begin spawning to a slight extent at the end of January; they
spawn chiefly in February, March, and April. Their floating ova have been
got by the ‘ Garland’ at the beginning of February, 25 miles from shore; q
also in the Firth of Forth and St Andrews Bay in February and March.
Cop (Gadus morrhua).—6272 specimens were examined—5864 by
fishery officers and 408 by Messrs Scott and Jamieson,—the majority of 4
these being caught in the Firth of Forth.
Territorial Waters.—Of 186 caught in the Forth, between May and ~ :
November, none were ripe or nearly ripe. On February 15th none were
mature, but a few were nearly or three parts mature. For instance, at
the inner stations, females 38 and 39 inches long, and males at 34 inches, a
were fully three parts ripe. On March 14th-17th, all the specimens were |
immature, females up to 26 inches and males up to 27 inches. On April >
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 267
19th-25th, all were immature; males from 14 to 23 inches long and
females from 134 to 25 inches. In May all were immature; males up
to 20 inches and females up to 23 inches. At Dunbar, in the end of
January, males and females where half or three parts mature—males 26
to 34 inches and females up to 42 inches. On February 5th, females
35 inches and males 34 inches were fully three parts ripe. On April Ist,
a male, 36 inches long, was got perfectly ripe three miles off. All the
cod caught in St Andrews Bay were immature ; on March 3d, one male
and one female, each 28 inches in length, were nearly mature. All those
obtained at the Aberdeen, Montrose, and Moray Firth Stations were
immature. Cod appear sometimes to spawn on the West Coast much
nearer shore than on the East Coast. In March, of 31 caught
about a mile east of Lismore Lighthouse, Loch Linnhe, nine were ripe.
In April, of thirty caught about half a mile from Lismore Lighthouse,
fourteen were mature and nine were spent. In March, three were
mature among five caught under three miles from shore at Cantyre.
Offshore Grounds,—Of several thousands examined by fishery officers
along the East Coast from June till the end of January, none were ripe.
The first ripe fish is recorded on February 8th, caught 35 to 45 miles off
Aberdeen. All were immature at the offshore Firth stations from May
till November. On February 14th, one male, 33 inches long, was fully
- ripe, and two females, 39 and 44 inches, nearly mature; a female 40
inches long was only half ripe. On March 17th, only two females, 18
inches long, were examined ; they were immature. In April, of three
examined, one male, 27 inches long, was ripe, and a female of 40 inches
nearly ripe. On May 13th, a male, 26 inches long, was mature. On
January 24th, eight miles from Dunbar, males, 32 and 33 inches long,
and females, 25 to 30 inches, were half ripe. On February 10th, 12
miles off, males and females, 40 inches long, were three parts mature.
On February 4th and 5th, none of 31 cod caught in the offshore waters
of the Moray Firth were mature ; four males, from 27 to 34 inches long,
and two females, 34 to 36 inches, were nearly ripe. One male of 18
inches was ‘scarcely mature.’
The cod begins spawning at the beginning of February, but the great
period is March ; large numbers spawn in April; in May nearly all are
spent, but ripe males and females have been caught as late as 9th May.
The pelagic ova of the cod were obtained by the ‘Garland’ in February
and March in the Forth and St Andrews Bay. .
Wuitine (Gadus merlangus).—The number examined was 716.
Territorial Waters.—In the Forth a ripe male was got on May 17th,
and a ripe female on May 2d. On June 6th, of 14 specimens, one
female was ripe and one nearly ripe. All were immature from July to
October. On February 13th and 14th, of twelve examined none were
ripe, but six females, of 12 to 21 inches, were nearly mature. On March
13th-17th, of 27 specimens, two females were mature, one 121 inches, at
the mouth of the Firth, and the other, 9 inches long, at Station III.
Eleven females and five males were nearly mature, some of them being at
the inner stations. On April 19th—25th, of 34 examined, four females
(94 to 15 inches) and one male (12 inches) were fully ripe; two of the
females being at an inner station (II.). In May none were ripe, but two
females and three males were nearly ripe; the females were 14 inches
and the males from 10 to 13. In St Andrews Bay a male was nearly
ripe on May 2d. At Dunbar, at the end of December, females from 114
to 23 inches, and males from 114 to 13 inches, were half mature. In
January they were half mature; on February 7th and 14th, females
os US RE.
_— a“
268 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
from 12 to 22 inches long, and males from 133 to 14 inches, were three
parts mature. On April 15th, of six females examined, four from 11 to
13 inches were spawning. No ripe fish were obtained at Aberdeen,
Montrose, or Moray Firth in June, July, or September. In May 1890,
no males were ripe, one, 114 inches long, at Montrose, was nearly ripe ;
most are described as immature. Two females of 124 and 13 inches
were ripe, one at Aberdeen and one in the Moray Firth ; one 12} inches
long was spent.
Offshore Grounds.—At Stations VIII. and IX., in the Forth area, in
May, four females were ripe and two males nearly ripe ; on June 6th, one
female was mature; all were immature thereafter till February. On
February 14th, of thirteen specimens, six males and four females were
nearly ripe; on March 18th, of 19 specimens, three males and two
females were ripe, and two males and nine females nearly mature; on
April 24th, of 20 specimens, six females from 11 to 144 inches, and
three males, 101 to 14 inches, were ripe ; on May 13th, of 19 specimens,
none were mature; two males and four females were nearly mature.
Ten miles off Dunbar, on March 7th, none were ripe, but individuals from
114 to 15 inches were nearly ripe.
Lyte (Gadus pollachius).—Of nine specimens examined, none were
found ripe or nearly ripe in June, July, August, or October.
SaITHE (Gadus virens).—Of six examined, on February 4th, in the
Moray Firth, females from 14 to 15$ inches were immature ; two males,
37 to 38 inches were fully half mature. Of 494 examined by fishery
officers, 14 were ripe, one on July 5th, 100 miles east of May Island ; 6 on
February 22nd, 10 miles off May Island ; 4 on February 22nd, twelve miles
off ; one on March 4th, ten miles from May Island; one on April 15th, 15
miles off Eyemouth. Most obtained in March, all but one in April, and
all in May were spent.
BrasstE (Gadus luscus).—Twenty-three specimens were examined.
From July to February none were found ripe in the Firth of Forth. In
February, a female and a male were fully half mature. On March 14th,
at Station IV., a female, 9 inches long, was fully ripe. On May 13th, a
fully ripe female, also 9 inches in length, was caught at Station VIII.
Pelagic ova, which Professor M‘Intosh thinks may belong to the brassie,
were got in the surface tow-net at Station I., on 28th March.
Line (Molva vulgaris).—Of ten specimens examined by the ‘ Garland’
in April, August, October, and November, all were immature. A female
taken on February 4th, offshore, in the Moray Firth, was about half ripe ;
a female, 26 inches long, captured off Dunbar at the end of December, was
about half mature. Fishery officers examined 775 specimens, of which
127 were ripe. The earliest ripe specimens were got on March 5th, 10
to 45 miles off Fraserburgh. The greater number of ripe fish were got in
April and May. They were caught from 10 to 160 miles off the East
Coast. The pelagic egg of the ling was obtained 25 miles off Montrose, on
February 6th.
GurRNarp (Trigla gurnardus).—The number examined was 703.
Territorial Waters.—In the Firth of Forth, of 50 specimens in May
1889, four females were ripe and 19 nearly ripe; one male was nearly i .
ripe. In June, of 39 specimens, twelve females were ripe, seven nearly
ripe, and ten three parts mature; two males were three parts ripe. In~
July, of 39, two females were ripe and two spent; five females and six _
males were nearly ripe. In August, October and ‘November none were
ripe or nearly ripe. In March one female was ripe. In April 18th to —
25th, of 39 specimens, ten females (12-14 inches) and one male (Tz oa
inches) were ripe ; five males and eight females were nearly mature. In :
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 269
May, of 34, one female was mature, and thirteen nearly mature. Ripe
specimens were got at all stations in the Forth. In St Andrews Bay,
in June, sixteen females, out of 33 fish examined, were mature and ten
nearly mature ; two males were examined, but were not ripe. In August,
of 27, five females and one male were spent. In October and November
all were immature. In March, of 13, ten females were nearly mature.
In May, of 46, fifteen females were mature ; and twelve nearly mature ;
eleven males were nearly ripe. In June and July a large proportion in
the Moray Firth and at Montrose were ripe.
Offshore Grounds.—In June, of 17 specimens at Stations VIII and IX.,
off the Firth of Forth, two females were ripe, and 5 nearly ripe. On
July 26th, of 9, six females were mature, and two females and a male
nearly mature. In August a female was spent. All were immature in
October and November. In April, of ten specimens, five females and
two males were nearly ripe. In May, of 24, eight females were ripe, and
nine females and one male nearly ripe. At Smith Bank, in June and
July, of 34, four females were mature, and five nearly mature ; six males
were nearly ripe. In May most were nearing maturity.
CatrisH (Anarrhichas lupus).—Of 46 examined, nearly all in the
Firth of Forth, in nearly every month in the year, a female was found
_ partly spent at Station I, in St Andrews Bay, on March 5th. It was
33 inches long. At Smith Bank, on May 24th, a female, 36 inches long,
was spent, a male, 40 inches long, rather immature, and a female 42
inches long, about half ripe. On May 29th, at Station I., Moray Firth, a
female, 39 inches long, was fully half ripe. On, April 19th, a female, 36
inches long, was spent at Station I., Firth of Forth; on May 12th, at the
same station, a male 42 inches long and a female, 34 inches, were spent.
Fishery officers examined twelve specimens ; three females were ripe, one
on July 5th and the other two on September 12th and 27th, the others
being spent. They were caught from 25 to 45 miles off the East Coast.
The ‘Garland’ obtained young specimens, { of an inch long, in the surface
tow-net at the mouth of the Forth on 21st February, and also near the
Bass Rock on May 7th.
ANGLER (Lophius piscatorius).—Of 46 specimens, chiefly from the Forth,
in the months from June to May, none were quite ripe, except a male,
36 inches long, at Smith Bank, on May 24th. On October 3rd, at Station
III., St Andrews Bay, a male, 45 inches long, was spent: On August
3rd, at Station V., Firth of Forth, a male, 49 inches long, was spent. On
February 14th, a male, 31 inches long, was half ripe. In March the
reproductive organs of some specimens up to 30 inches were so un-
developed that the sex could not be distinguished.
Draconet (Callionymus lyra).—Eleven were examined. One female, 6
inches long, was quite mature on May 29th, at Station II., Moray Firth ;
and one female, 8 inches long, on June 13th, at Station VS St Andrews Bay.
One female was spent in June at Station VIL, Firth of Forth; on May
17th, two females were nearly ripe at this station. The pelagic ova were
obtained in the surface tow-net on 7th May at Station Il, in the Forth ;
and young forms at Station I., on 3d July.
Lumpsucker (Cyclopterus netnaghe spawning female, 17 inches
long, was caught at Station II., Firth of Firth, on March 17th; and two
mature females, 14 and 15 inches long, at Stations [V. and V., at the end
of April.
Haerisu (Mywine glutinosa).—Twelve from 53 fathoms in the Moray
Firth were examined in July. Females, 10 and 11 inches, and males, 12
inches, were about half mature ; the sex of some specimens, 10 inches
long, could not be determined.
270 Part IT1,— Eighth Annual Report
IIl—ON THE PELAGIC FAUNA OF THE BAY OF ST
ANDREWS DURING THE MONTHS OF 1888 By W.
C. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor in the University of
St Andrews.
Part II.
REMARKS ON THE MORE INTERESTING MEMBERS OF THE
INVERTEBRATE PELAGIC FAUNA.*
APPENDIOCULARIA.
Mid-Water-Net. |
First appearance-—One on 19th January, and a few, 9 mm., on 29th
March 1889.
Last appearance.—18th September, very few, small. r
Most frequent.—In May, when they occurred in swarms at almost every
haul of the net. Fewin June and very few small examples thrice
in July, some in August. Numerous, small, thrice in September.
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—28th June, a few young.
Last appearance.—28th September, small.
Most frequent.—In August, when many or a few got almost daily, these
being all very small. In July a few eight or nine times, young
forms. In September a few, small, eight times.
Surface-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—9th May, a few.
Last appearance.— 26th September.
Most frequent.—In August and September, when a few occurred almost —
daily. These were all small. None in June, and very few, small,
twice in July. 2
MEMBRANIPORA,
Cyphonautes compressus,
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—28th June, many.
Last appearance.—10th December, many.
Most plentiful.—In July, when they occurred almost daily, very few at —
beginning, many towards end of month. In August very few —
procured six times. In September few, twice, in October, er
once in December, many on 10th,
m/
a Wa
Surface-Tow-Net. )
First appearance.—2nd August, a few. 7s
Last appearance.—10th December, numerous. .
Most plentiful.—In August, a few, seven times. In September, very >
few, nine times; more in October and November. On December —
10th, numerous. ; ie 3
* As stated in connection with Part I., I am much indebted to Mr J. Pentlan ad z
i otty, B.Sce., for aid in preparing this report, which was forwarded with Par Pa
ast y Af fe
o
eeyrk' ©
io 2
”
an ao)
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 271
ACTINOTROCHA.
Mid-Water-Net.
First and last appearance.-—5th September.
Surface-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—A. few on 6th September.
Last appearance.—12th September.
Bottom-Tow-Net. °
First appearance.—5dth July.
Last appearance.—22nd September, |.
Most frequent.—In August, four times, a few each time, and in Sep-
tember, six or seven times ; very few asa rule. Only occurred
once in July.
PHORONIS.
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—18th July.
Last appearance.—One on 22nd September.
SAGITTA,
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance.—16th January, a few good.
Last appearance.—18th December, in swarms, 1 inch and less. Some
showed sperm-cells (clear and translucent) and a large ovary.
Most plentiful.—In December, inswarmsas arule. In May, June, and
September, a very few got not unfrequently. None obtained in
July, and only twice procured in August. On June 26th, sizes
from 6 mm.-14 mm. On January 24th, forms, with reproductive
organs small, but ova visible.
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—21st January, very few, about 1 inch,
Last appearance.—18th December,
Most plentiful.—F rom beginning of December to end of March. A few,
generally, each time in December, but many at beginning of year.
year.
Surface-Tow-Net,
First appearance.—21st January, one or two about 4 inch.
Last appearance.—18th December, a few various sizes.
Most plentiful.—In December, many as a rule each time. None got in
June, July, and October.
COPEPODA.
As has often been pointed out no group is more important than the
Copepoda in connection with the nourishment of fishes, especially in their
post-larval stages, and they are ubiquitous in distribution. Their varying
sizes—from the minute larval nauplii to the larger adults, suchas Calanus,
—as well as their highly nutritious nature, render them perhaps the most
valuable fish-food in the ocean.
Off Kiel Giesbrecht and Mobius procured some that have not yet been
recognized at St Andrews, viz., Ozthona spinirostris, Hurytemora
hirundo, Lucullus acuspes, Paracalanus parvus, Eucheta norvegica,
272 Part III,—EHighth Annual Report
Clausia elongata, Rhinocalanus gigas, H re spinifrons, Metridia —
armata, Candace pectinata, Acartia discaudatus, Ectinosoma atlantica, —
Idia furcata, and Monstrilla danae. It has to be remembered, however,
that they have only been glanced at for a comparatively short time. The si
somewhat monotonous continuance of the same species throughout the
year isa marked feature in the inquiry, and this was likewise brought ©
out during the trawling expeditions. Though Copepods are sometimes —
very abundant in the Bay, they are, so far as I could judge from the
spirit-preparations made under Dr John Murray, apparently in greater
profusion in the area of the estuary of the Clyde. Moreover, they appear —
in large numbers earlier in the year.
It must not be considered that the following remarks on the periods of
appearance and disappearance of the species have greater importance than _
belongs to the simple record of a year. :
Calanus finmarchicus, Gunner.
Mid- Water-Net
First appearance.—24th January, many.
Last appearance.—18th December.
Most plentiful—Found not unfrequently in January, February, and
March, but at other times of rare occurrence. .
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance. —24th January.
Last appearance.—18th December. - =
Most plentiful.—In December, many, as a rule, “Bak time. InJanuary, —
February, and March got almost every time the nets put down, —
otherwise not very common.
Surface-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—21st February, very few.
Last appearance.—18th October, very few. -
Most plentiful.—A few times at beginning of year. During rest of year
very scarce.
This is one of the most abundant Species, not only in the waters of the |
Bay proper, but far beyond it, and at a considerable depth as well as in
the upper regions of the water, It is cosmopolitan in its range so far as
the northern waters are concerned, apparently being as abundant in the
Arctic Seas, where it is said to constitute in part the food of the whale, | .
as off our own shores, where it enters largely into the food of the post- -larval ©
fishes. It is chiefly this species which tints, of a delicate pinkish hue,
the translucent abdomen of the little fishes. Calanus finmarchicus is less”
abundant in the Baltic than in the North Sea. - 2
Pseudocalanus elongatus, Boeck.
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—13th February.
Last appearance.—10th December, numerous.
Most plentiful.—In September and ‘December, especially in latter 1 mont h.
Not unfrequently procured, January, February, and March...
no means so common as Halitemora longicornis.
Surface-Tow-Net. vole
First appearance.—1 3th February. ( 2
Last appearance.—30th October. a
This form occurred very seldom in the net. if Pera)
ws
ee eh RA eS We ee Pe aN MR a a ter
ER OE eee ee
+ ¥ <4 , ,
eA ‘
galt pity AM) » ih , nh SAD,
SN t : . RA wt 7
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. — 273
Mid-Water-Net
First appearance.—13th February.
Last appearance.—5th September.
Most plentiful.—These were almost the only times in which this form
appeared.
Another abundant species both in the open sea and inshore. It is
interesting to note that in the majority of instances it occurred chiefly in
the bottom-net, thus apparently showing a certain sensitiveness to
atmospheric conditions or temperature.
Acartia longiremis, Lilljeborg.
Mid-Water-Net.
Found in the net on 8th March and 5th September.
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—23rd June, numerous.
Last appearance.— 24th November, myriads.
Most plentiful.—F rom 24th June to 24th November, numerous or in
myriads, as a rule, each time. During this period it occurred very
frequently.
Surface-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—2\st January (?) certainly on 21st February.
Last appearance.—10th December.
Most plentiful.—In August, September, and October, many or numerous,
each time, as a rule. Very few of this species were procured in
May and June, but on the whole it occurred very frequently.
A most abundant species in St Andrews Bay, where it affects in a
marked manner the upper and lower regions of the water respectively,
only once occurring in the mid-water-net—though in large numbers. The
maximum period both at the surface and bottom seems to be in
autumn.
Acartia bifilosus, Giesbrecht.
First and last appearance in the surface-net on 5th September.
Halitemora longicornis, O. F. Miiller.
Mid-Water-Net.
This form was procured only three or four times.
Bottom-Tow-WNet.
first appearance.-—8th March.
Last appearance,—5th December, in swarms.
Most plentiful.—From 23rd June to 5th December, numerous (or myriads
of) specimens procured, as a rule, each time. The occurrence of
this species was extremely frequent.
Surface-T'ow-Net.
Lirst appearance.—8th March.
Last appearance.—30th October, many.
Most plentiful.—In August and September, many, generally, each time.
Very few in June and July. Not so common in the mid-water-net
as in the bottom-tow-net.
This ubiquitous species occurs in profusion throughout the greater
part of the year, and covers the entire area examined both within and
without the Bay. Like some of the previous forms it is most abundant
8
oo) etn
a ~ te .
J *
~. ;
. 4 = :
’ 7 ~ = ;
' ‘ oa ’
“ata = 3 : -
a Z + 7 a ee . - : 4 ,
é ~ 5 - “ f ¢ in - - < Cos : - ~
w ae . ~ : 4°45 a 8 ~" ‘ea ee as . -
Z oe PRS eS . + J <= eee Seo - : 3 : 4 : tt
? . e. a > “ oom. a y 2 ee - ABS - ie" oe & Pps” Pa iM Te ee a - : A ts -
a . a ¥ — ” 5 OF ta 7 Ls Fs ars ee | os = te f a es ° * = t=] ¥ 2 - i a -.
1s _ f >) Ce / eye Fe - = “ ae? eee 2> x: > a ae nai es mE Se es Fp lef i<j » . < - * - y ~ - 5 :
—_~ a esd em do Pe = = ee #3 ve lpee =" co. PY Ss SR a oa ee ay = Se Se é ~ a A e > ~ :
2 - . 2 bs + ar) aoe ee < > - : se y > = : id uv > es = SoS = -
*
er ee a ae rE 0 re nt en - “ = — = - — = = = === oe — —{S— =
~~ rr a oe = . ~— .
Ba "! hw e * oh i my
Renee Pe as derh is 12) » Spelt Ay be ei Ns Cee
ae eet ee ee eee
tent ee es ee a es
Oo eee s
ns ar Midis | * Lt ek - Ae rr y ter Pe oe Ha* a ,
rok el | Ay. ae ee ee HA Peli sts mera gas a 4g has me ee AHR
ie tbo ei, ia der
‘ é “ Vu bse ed r roe
’ ‘ i. “i
274 Part III—EKighth Annual Report
in the surface- and in the bottom-nets, rarely being captured in rid-wilia
This feature in the habit of the Copepods may be associated with the 2
presence of other forms of pelagic life, in the midst of which Halitemora —
finds suitable nourishment. It is very plentiful in autumn, and some-
what later. y
Centropages hamatus, Lilljeborg.
Lottom-Tow-Net.
First Appearance.—28th June, numerous.
Last appearance.—30th October. This form is not so common as —
Acartia longiremis or Halitemora longicoris, but still occurred —
frequently in this net. - :
Surface-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—26th April, numerous. “4 Bs
Last appearance.—26th September. Between the two dates above men- —
tioned this species was often procured+-more frequently indeed —
than in the bottom-tow-net. re
Centropages hamatus is found in the Bay throughout the greater part f
of the year, especially from April to August, and like others is more fre- —
quently met with in the surface and bottom-nets than in the mid-water.
It ranges, according to Prof. brady, from the tidal rocks to the pam
ocean.
:
ew”,
Ky
Centropages typicus, Kroyer. SS
Botiom-Tow-Net.
This form appeared first on the 14th of August, in St Andrews Bay, be
on the 10th of that month it was found 15 miles S.E. of the Isle of May. - a
During the remainder of the month it occurred once or twice. -
Surface-Tow-Net. i
Only on the 30th of August and 8th September was C. typicus und
in this net.
It is noteworthy that this species occurred less frequently than the fore.
going (C. hamatus), and was later in its appearance this season. Accord,
ing to Prof. Brady it is one of the most abundant Copepods in the Britis sh
Seas, and ranges to the North Sea and the Atlantic. |
Longipedia coronata, Claus.
Bottom-Tow-WNet.
First appearance. —14th July.
Last appearance.—18th October.
Most plentiful.—tIn the latter half of July, in September, and during th he
first half of October, many, as a rule, each time. It occurred pe re
quently during the period mentioned above. a
Sur face-Net. E
First appeared on 23rd July, then on 26th and 31st, three times at ent
of August, on 5th and 26th September many, and on 17th October, “
a ‘
Anomalocera patersonit, Templeton. )
Found in the bottom-net on the 9th August, 15 miles E.S.E. of . ae
Rock. ee
The species is easily recognized by its fine bluish coloration and otl her
features. It appears to keep to the open water, but it may yet be found
within the Bay. It is stated by Brady to be ‘generally distributed over
the North Sea, and extends to the Mocivertenien. Ht r o
Caligus rapax, M. Edw.
wee ty Ky. a oon RS Mat ooh a a | WAP RR Pn Watt
fb Sk ni As i Nat
-
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 275
Oithona spinifrons, Boeck.
: Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—18th July, a few.
Last appearance.—11th October.
Most plentiful.—From 18th July to 11th October, many specimens, as
a rule, each time. This form was not very common.
Surface-Tow-Net.
Only found in this net on the following dates:—3lst July, 31st
August, 26th September, and 15th October, a very few each time.
Oithona spinifrons was procured most abundantly in the bottom-tow-
net, and while it extended from July to September yet attained
its maximum in the former month. Its frequency in the bottom-net is
interesting, for Prof. Brady observes ‘so far as I know it haunts exclu-
sively the surface of the sea, being taken only in the towing-net.’* The
species has a wide distribution round the British shores and the North Sea
generally.
Thalestris rufocincta, Norman.
A single example occurred in the bottom tow-net on 15th September.
Cyclopina littoralis, Brady.
First appearance.—19th July.
Last appearance.—22nd August.
It was captured only thrice, and always in the bottom-net.
Dactylopus tisboides, Claus.
In the bottom-tow-net, E.S.E. of Bell Rock, 9th August. It has not
yet been observed within the limits of the Bay.
CLADOCERA.
Pleopis polyphemoides, Leuckart.
First appearance.—14th July.
Last appearance.—31st July.
It was captured thrice, and only in the bottom-net.
Evadne nordmanni, Lovén.
This form only occasionally appeared in the bottom-tow-nets in March
April, and May, but it was otherwise in June and July, since it then
became much more abundant, though less so in the surface-nets than
in former years in the latter month (July). It occurred in August and
September in both bottom- and surface-nets, more frequently in the latter
than the former. The brood-pouches of the females were still in full
activity. During October it was present only once or twice respectively
in the bottom- and surface-nets. None were observed in the surface-nets
in November and December, and none in the bottom-net in the former
month. A single example, however, was captured in the bottom-net on
the 5th December.
The abundance of this species considerably augments the food of the
post-larval fishes.
PARASITA.
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance,—11th March.
* Op. cit. p. 91,
SO TREE SE AE CARN Gen ee ee
Aly we ‘ iy \: “i ine e r ar ait Ne "i , a
Oo v ° io 7 x ) vy $ vi
CNS orgs oh Sy cht eae ROO
~ faa rage ae
Peiacses Pa Ei!
+ ‘ - rf | |
276 Part IIT—-Eighth Annual Report
:
Last appearance.—16th October, very few. : ig
Most plentiful—tn June, a few generally each time—mature forms, — ou .
and @. Puarasitic Udonella caligorum once or twice seen.
This form was not very frequently procured this year. It is sometimes
abundant in the free condition in November and December.
Only once in Bottom-Tow-Net on 5th July,—1 specimen.
Surface-Tow-N et. a
On July 18th, very few. e.
These move on the surface of the living cod with great activity. a
In their stationary larval form ( Chalimi) they are very frequent on the a
young food-fishes, such as cod, whiting, green cod, and Pleuronectids, — ES >
LARVAL ANNELIDS.
NERINE—group.
Bottom-Tow-Net “a Ne
The larval forms of Nerine and Polydora nies their appearance in this
net about the 4th July, though some years they are found much earlier, —
and they continued in considerable though diminishing numbers till the en id 7
of October. A few occurred subsequently till December. They were
most frequent in September, though also in large numbers in July ¢ and
August. a
Surface-Net. r i
The Nerine group were first observed on the 30th July, aad they con-
tinued till the 8th October. They were most frequent in September,
when some occurred daily. In July a few were captured two or three
times ; while in August similar numbers appeared about six times. ae
The most common larval form was Polydora, so abundant along the
rocky border and in dead and living shells everywhere in and near the
Bay. The adult bores into various rocks and shells and is thus stationat ;
but the swarms of larvee spread the species throughout the ocean.
PoLyNoE—group.
Bottom-Net.
These were first noticed on the 18th July, and they continued till he e
17th October or a little later. They were most frequent in July, when n
they were sometimes (¢9., 25th) in swarms. They were captured often
in September and occasionally in August.
Surface-Net.
They were only procured once or twice in September.
y rs
ya .
i ae
wipe F
a)
it wy 4
Many of the Polynoide are ripe in January, and their larvee abound ir
rock-pools and tow-nets a little later. . ‘2 _
TEREBELLA—group.
Lottom-Net.
The tubes containing the larval Terebellze appeared at the beginn ng 0
July, and a few continued till September, though they were most freque at
in July. ae
Surface-Net. — a
A few occurred only on the 26th July, so that they are compa
rare in this region of the water. ede
ae ‘Van Lies
. : alt Ay "sf 4 :
: ;
x y Hen guts $
r
yy a
;
cul osahlcaa cui Sint aap ia em a
woo had 4 A, t by ty ' ; / he, |
of the Fishery Beard for Scotland. 277
Many of the larval annelids, ¢.g., Aphrodita, Pholoé, Nephthys, Phyllo-
doce, Nereis, Arenicola, Aricia, Cirratulus, Magelona, Capitella, Sabellids
and Serpulids were also occasionally noticed, chiefly in July, August, and
September. No group is more striking in the pelagic fauna, and none
“more valuable as fish-food.
LARVAL ECHINODERMS.
PLUTEI
Bottom-Tow-WNet.
First appearance. —23rd June.
Last appearance.—26th September, very few.
Most plentiful.—26th June to 17th August. They were of frequent
occurrence in this net, and many or numerous specimens were
obtained each time.
Young star-fishes and Echinoids seen occasionally in bottom-tow-net
from 26th July to 14th August.
Surface-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—8th March, 1.
Last appearance.—10th December, one; arms short and apparently
atrophied, skeleton still visible, no star-fish.
Most plentiful. th July to 26th September, generally a few each time.
None from 26th September to 17th October, when a few procured,
and none from latter date till: 10th December. They occurred
almost as frequently in this net as in the bottom-tow-net.
The pelagic ova of Cucumaria were abundant in the tanks of the
laboratory on April 15th, first in long strings and afterwards as separate
reddish ova. —
CRASPEDOT A.
OrvER [.—ANTHOMEDUS2.
Sarsta tubulosa, Lesson.
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance.—4th May.
Last appearance.—24th July.
Most pilentiful.—In May and June of very frequent occurrence, in the
former month appearing oftener than in June, but in the latter month
more specimens obtained each time.
Bottom and Surface-Tow-Nets
This species was obtained not unfrequently in the latter net, but very
seldom in the former.
The earliest appearance noted is that of Thompson, who found it in
April (1840), in Belfast Bay. Asa rule it occurs in May, June, and July,
though young forms appear in March.
A minute Medusa about 5}; inch in vertical diameter, procured in the
bottom-net in April and May, presented certain features of interest. The
| - umbrella was bluntly rounded, and had four bright carmine specks in a
somewhat triangular area above the margin. One of these nearly corre-
sponded with the origin of a long granulated tentacle with a greatly en-
larged base, the centre of which was also coloured pinkish. Moreover,
_ from the same region sprouted an elongated bud of considerable size—
Na’? +i Gy ee
N t aa a
7 > ad
it ati Salou a” vee a 4,
eo PAS SY iain
anise YF (
4 +a
278 Part LI.—Eighth Annual Report
almost equalling the diameter of the adult umbrella, From the teal ; ;
extremity of the bud a pair of similar tentacles with enlarged bases sprang.
Grape-like masses occurred at the same part, and apparently the enlarged
bases of two shorter tentacles. The other three carmine points were dsvoRas
of tentacles in the specimens, so that at first sight they had some resem- —
blance to Steenstrupia, though they probably approach Hybocodon of —
Agassiz, the “ hunchback” Medusa of North America, and perhaps the
Diplonema of Green. The manubrium of the parent is large, and with a
trumpet-shaped tip. In one it contained the remains of a copepod. A. — a
Agassiz figures a Tubularian as the hydroid stock of his Hybocodon. The i
relationships of the Medusoid from St Andrews are at present unknown,
Tiara octona (Oceania octona, Fleming).
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance.—30th March, young.
Last appearunce.—28th September, 1, unripe.
Most plentiful.—From 22nd August to 28th September of very frequent
occurrence; ripe forms procured on 27th August and 10th
September. | a
This form was first found by Dr Fleming, near the Bell Rock; again by —
Forbes and H. Goodsir in the Firth of Forth, and by the former off the Coast
of Shetland. It is also not uncommon in the Outer Heticiaea such as near
Lochmaddy, in August. a ;
<n
aad
Oceania globulosa, Forbes. oe :
Mid-Water-Net. S
A very few specimens were procured on 22nd, 29th, and 30th of Angust,
and on 3rd September.
Forbes found it in the Sound of Bressay, and says it somewhat approaches
Turris in external appearance.
Oceania turrita, Forbes.
First appearance.—7th August (bottom-tow-net), off Boarhills.
Last appearance.—8th August (mid-water-net), off Fife Ness.
Margelis ramosa, Agassiz (Bougainvillia britannica, Forbes).
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance.—8th March, very small,
Last appearance.—26th September, small, unripe.
Most plentiful.—In June and September, when a few, as a rule, were
procured each time. Not quite mature during the latter half of
May, but ripe in September (although small and unripe were
found on 26th of the same month), This species did not occur
very frequently. * a 4
Bottom and Surface-Tow-Nets. — 1
On 8th August, at Fife Ness, this form was procured in the ote om
tow-net, and in St Andrews Bay on 12th September, in the curface-tom till ”
Thamnitis nigritella (Bougainvillia nigritella, Forbes), me
ar):
Mid-Water-Net. = iis a
First appearance.—29th August young in St Andrews Bay, 11¢h is
August, E.S.E. of Isle of May.
Last appearance.—18th September.
On the above dates only did this form occur.
* Though it is not uncommon.
First appearance.—11th May.
x
ey
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 279
Orvur II.—Lepromepusa.
Thaumantias hemispherica (Gronovius), O. F. Miiller.
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance.—12th June 1888, numerous.
Last appearance, —b5th December.
Most plentiful.—In June, July, August, and September found very
frequently in large numbers, often inswarms. From 17th October
to 5th December none occurred ; only 2 or 3 procured on latter
date. Mature forms very frequent from 23rd June to 28th
September, and at that time very large, e.g., ? inch.
Bottom-and Surface-Tow-Nets.
This species of Zhawmantias also occurred frequently in these nets,
especially in the latter.
Thaumantias melanops, Forbes.
Mid-Water-Net.
Lirst appearance.—11th May.
Last appearance.—8th August, off Fife Ness, and 4th August, in St
Andrews Bay.
Most plentiful.—tIn June and July. Appeared in myriads on 20th and
25th July. Procured frequently during the period mentioned. |
| Bottom and Surface-Tow-Nets.
This species was found two or three times in these nets.
Thaumantias inconspicua, Forbes.
| Mid- Water-Net.
A few times in June and August. Many in former month, mature and
immature.
Laodice cruciata (Thaumantias pilosella, Forbes).
Mid-Water-Net.
Last appearance.—17th October. .
Most plentiful.—In May and June. On 25th June specimens procured
were not quite ripe, on 18th July, mature, and on 26th September,
immature. Met with occasionally almost 1 inch in diameter.
Bottom-and Surface-Tow-Nets.
This species was found occasionally in these nets.
Obelia dichotoma L. (Gonozoids).
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—18th July.
Last appearance.—17th August.
Most plentiful.—In July, found afew times, and once or “bibs obtained
in August.
Surface-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—18th July.
Last appearance.—30th August, only on these two occasions,
Phialidium variabile, Heckel.
Var. globosa and var. sarnica, Forbes, found frequently in great
La te Aa fe Van wy ee ay eee ee MEAG? FES SAD Ph a Oe Yi
aul sig i ool Pca hi i ei
Tate re A , : ’
ba
os
we
&
rx
a 2 ao eee
et errr pee tenes,
*
te, WO
a ¢
="
SS
- ~
oF
= + ~
oe ae oe
i ee ee
Boh
Ses
~
S-
=
>
280 Part LL1—kighth Annual Report
numbers in the mid-water-net, from 26th May to 26th June. Ver
convexa Was found only a very few times in August.
Thaumantias lucifera, Forbes, JT. octona and T. maculata sigh 0 : DY
occurred in great numbers from 26th May to the 25th June. 7. lucifera. We
was also obtained at the end of March. ae
Thaumantias quadrata was captured a very few times in August.
Tima bairdii, Johnston.
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance.—20th January, 14 inch; reproductive organs almost
fully developed.
Last appearance.—12th December, some nearly 3 inches in diameter, and
almost ripe. *
Most plentiful.—In September and October, some 14 inch in diameter i in”
September, but no ripe, or nearly ripe forms until Decembeeial :
None from 9th February'to 9th August (Garland), 30th August —
(in Bay). None in November; occurred almost as frequently a
Margelis ramosa.
One example, procured at the end of September, was devoid of mouth
and peduncle, as in the case of certain other forms previously described.* i:
aor
Stomobrachium octocostatum, M. Sars.
First appearance.—26th January.
Last appearance.—12th December, nearly ripe.
Most plentiful.—In October, when large but unripe specimens orca
In December some about 4 inch in diameter, nearly ripe, rae §
a few times in September, several each time.
Bottom and Surface-Tow-Nets.
A very few specimens have occasionally been procured in these nets. +
Forbes found it on the West Coast in July.
Circe rosea, Forbes. :
Mid-Water-Net-
First appearance.—24th January. ae
Last appearance.—18th December, $ inch to less than 4 inch; repro a Pe
ductive organs developing. iy
Most plentiful.—In Decemberand March, when many or myriads obtained d
each time. From end of March until beginning of Novembei
none procured, but from latter to former date of common occu
Ad
i
7
rence. Br.
Bottom-Tow-WNet. 3 ae "e
First appearance.—21st January. a
Last appearance.—18th December. a
Most plentiful.—In December and March; but not so frequently ai d
in this net as in mid-water-net. er.
,
Surface-Tow- Net. a
First appearance.—22nd January. .
Las, appearance.—18th December.
Most plentiful.—In December and February.
Forbes found it in the Zetlandic Seas in August—whereas — in «
neighbourhood it is a winter species, and, therefore, in keeping with t 7
habit of the original form (Circe camtschatica) discovered gh Mertens
on the coast of Kamtschatka. 5 Paes
* Vide Ann. Nat. Hist., January 1890.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 281
ACRASPEDA (DISCOPHORA).
Cyanea capillata, Esch.
First appearance.—8th March, ephyre.
Last appearance.—l1th June.
Most plentiful.—4th May to 11th June, of very infrequent occurrence,
on 16th May a pinkish hue seen, while on 11th June the specimen
examined was larger than the former one and exhibited a yellowish
coloration.
The scarcity of Cyaneathis year isremarkable. In 1884 they occurred
in enormous numbers, so that even the trawls were impeded in their
operations in June and July.
Aurelia aurita, L.
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance.—7th March, ephyre.
Last appearance.—3rd August, 3 specimens, 8 inches in diameter.
Most plentiful.—Tth July to Scud August. This form occurred very
seldom.
The scarcity of this species in the Bay during this year (1888) is also
peculiar. They are occasionally so numerous that the surface of the sea
for nearly a square mile is mostly covered with them.
CTENOPHORA.
Pleurobrachia pileus, Flem.
Mid-Water-Net.
| First appearance.—14th J anuary, numerous, ae Wiel and small.
Last appearance.—18th December, in swarms, } to ? inch.
Most plentiful.—Numerous all throughout the a except in January,
February, and March. Especially numerous from beginning of
July to end of October, when they appeared almost daily in
myriads. During August and September small forms the rule, and
in September only specimens from 4 to 4 inch procured. Almost
the only form obtained every month of the year.
Surface-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—18th July, very few, large.
Last appearance.—14th December, a few 3 inch and downwards.
Most tina ne —18th July to end of September (many ova found from
beginning of September to middle of October). On 15th October
embryos well developed. Only small forms as a rule procured.
Generally a few each time ; much less frequent than in mid-water
net.
Bottom-Tow-Net.
First appearance.—14th July, very few, along with some larval forms.
Last appearance.—14th December, + inch and under.
_ Most plentiful.—tIn July and August. (Ova got frequently in September,
and larval forms from 14th July to end of October.) A few
generally obtained each time, and these as a rule small, $ to 5%
inch. Occurred oftener in this net than in surface-tow-net.
Ae Aer ’
Se a ee 2
ES —_: rs
. | ~ ‘ “
arse te ae SS
Zs
ULE Ped
y
—— >. 7
wieatinnesieetinsee
r
ma
”
3
i
ae!
ad ae “3
SS ge ee se PT
eee
en 3, heh DRA ROR Ey hea TRAE SER: Sake kOe
<< ’ yr 4 . ve S's phe ‘ " if a Sar Te|
Bg) 8, apy RSLS Ce :
‘ is teas Se see . te
Pr ‘ ait? Bates? Es rr ;
, ‘ *
as , i
282 Part IIL—Highth Annual Report
Berroi,
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance,—22nd January, 34 inches, and smaller.
Last appearance.—12th December, a few. |
Most plentiful.—From 20th to 26th July (inclusive), when they occurred
in swarms, In September, generally small.
Six specimens, large and small, got in surface-tow-net of 18th July, anda
1, minute, in surface-tow-net of 22nd March. Sy a
Lesueuria vitrea, M. Edwards. ig
Mid-Water-Net. a
First appearance.—2nd March, fragment. Young forms with sto :
mouth on 30th March.
Last appearance.—14th December, 1, 2 inch, on 13th, 3, 3 3 inch to be. a
inch.
) Most plentiful.—iIn June, when they occurred in swarms, young and
adult. In May and July also numerous, On 7th July forms —
bearing ova which measured ‘016 inch. From 3rd August (when — g
a few were got 2 to 3} inches) till 6th December (when procured), —
none appeared. Occurred frequently.
A few were found in Bottom-Tow-Net on 2nd July, and peneys also at iy
other times during that month.
Larval Peachia.
Mid-Water-Net.
First appearance.—14th July, many, and in bottom-tow-net,
Last appearance.—25th July.
Most plentiful.—l4th to 25th July, when found five or six times, cling x
ing asa ruleto Thaumantias melanops, T. hemispherica, and Pisa
lidium variabile, var. globosa. ‘ bs
Bottom-Tow-Net. : at
This form occurred twice in this net.
The Arachnactis-stage of Kdwardsia was also procured i in the Bayi i
July. |
f..
er’.
A few other species were also found, viz. :—Luzzia octopunctata, aa
' blondina, Stauridium productum, Oceania eprscopalis, Podocor yn aa
and some minute forms. Small specimens of Lizza octopunctata wer
found as early as the 30th of March, in the bottom-tow-net. During
January, February, and March, Zima bair du, Margelis ramosa (Bougai a=
villia britannica), and Circe rosea were the only forms procured, Bin ‘
latter being common in all the nets. In June, July, August, —especially in
the two former months, myriads-of specimens, comprising many speem
were obtained. Lizzia octopunctata presented numerous buds in March.
IV.—REPORT ON THE PELAGIC OVA, LARVAL, AND YOUNG
FOOD-FISHES PROCURED BY THE ‘GARLAND.’ By
Proressor M‘Intosa,* LL.D., F.R.S8., &e.
THE PELAGIC OVA.
With the exception of the ova of the rockling and dab comparatively
few specimens occurred at the several stations, showing how widely
diffused the eggs become throughout the water, except on certain grounds
where the fishes congregate at the spawning season, as off the Island of
May and on the banks at Lofoten in Norway. It occasionally has
happened, indeed, that the masses of ova—chiefly of the cod—have been
beached asa low rampart by the retiring tide at Lofoten. Nothing like
this, however, has been seen in British waters.
The collections made on board the ‘Garland’ are of interest as
showing the general condition of our waters during the main spawning
period, and are also of value for comparison with more local observations.
Thus, at the commencement of the year the eggs of the earlier fishes such
as the plaice, together with young fishes of the previous season, alone
appear, followed by the eggs of the haddock, dab, rockling and bib.
Soon after these early eggs come the minute larval fishes, and these gra-
dually increase in size as the season advances, though in most cases the
ranks are very irregular in any given species from the irregularity of the
spawning time, as well as the more or less lengthened period during which
the issue of the eggs take place in a given example. The variable rate of
growth is also another factor which soon comes in.
So far as these collections go they tend to corroborate the view elsewhere
mentioned that the post-larval cod and haddock probably resemble each
other very closely, so closely indeed that it has’ not yet been possible to
separate them until the characteristic features of the cod appear—as shown
in the ‘ Researches.’+ The youngest stages of the haddock after the early
post-larval condition are unknown (as such), being either at present indis-
tinguishable from the same stages of the cod, or what is less probable,
since no trace of them has appeared during recent investigations, they
form separate schools. The cod and the whiting have been traced with
considerable completeness from the egg onward in British waters, but at
what period the young haddock puts on its special characteristics after
consorting with the post-larval ‘cod we are unable tosay. The smallest
specimens hitherto procured, and which have all the features of the adult,
measure about 24 inches. The close resemblance of the forms just
mentioned as well as of many of the common pleuronectids (flounders),
raises some interesting questions in regard to their phylogeny, which,
however, cannot be touched on here.
Some of the forms, e¢.7., the gadoids, pleuronectids, herrings, and sand-
eels, procured in the ‘ Garland’ have a very wide distribution round our
shores, while others, such as the wolf-fish have an area more or less
restricted, a feature perhaps due to the demersal ova, and the comparatively
large size and vigorous condition of the larval fishes. It is remarkable
that no trace of the pelagic eggs of the frog-fish (easily recognised as a
long gelatinous riband, especially after the blackish embryos are formed)
* I have to acknowledge the kind assistance of Mr Ernest W. L. Holt in looking
over part of the collection, which was made by Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.S., on
board the ‘Garland.’
+ Trans. Roy, Soc, Kdin., vol. xxxv. part iii,
»..
J
<a
>
. :
Pa —s oY
J SS 4 .
wer os
he
ent
* _—
rm «
ve Aty it
A &
tenet
a
ee
eg 4
sa ie
gon ae 2
+ cc. aE ae
~_ ee -e Saaes
f--2 4
ee i % ‘ * 2s xt
ee?
ewes
*
‘nis wid ws in oe ye he ae ~~,
ae ee CO OEY RR Oe ee ee
. re eK ee Cees gran <
SF ry hy ae Od
A a 7 ee 4 az
284 Part II.—Kighth Annual Report
has been found by scientific observers on the east coast. It should be cong
fully looked forin May, June and July—especially the two latter non
The present series gives interesting phases in the life-history of t
rocklings (Motelle). These fishes live on the bottom in their adult ste
and are widely distributed in British waters. The eggs and irene
fishes are typically pelagic, while the early post-larval stages are often iy:
procured in the bottom-net. In the latter (earliest. post-larval) st
neither Mr Prince nor the writer could see ventral fins, though Mr Bro ut
has been more fortunate,* for he describes and figures them at very early :
stages. At any rate, these fins soon attain considerable size, as in t :
ling, and are remarkable for their conspicuous black pigment. The stages
(5 to 8 mm.) furnished with long ventrals frequently seek the surface, a
they also do at a much later stage when they are known as ‘ mackerel _
‘midges’. They afterwards go downwards, and remain on the bottom, —
In the following notes on the preserved eggs the diagnosis cannot be»
upheld as absolutely certain in all cases, since many of the characteristic
features disappear with vitality. It only carries us as far as our eset iu
knowledge goes, and since in some widely divergent forms, as for instance
the bib and the lemon-dab and the dab and the turbot, the eggs are nearly
equal in size, there is occasionally room for doubt—especially as the cag
vary a little in each case.
Haddock.—The ova of the haddock appeared on the 4th and bt h r s
February on Smith Bank, and shortly afterwards (6th and 7th) on well —
known grounds 22 to 25 miles south-east of Montrose. These pelagic |
ova abound all along the east coast till the end of April and perhaps even —
later. In the present collection they occurred in various parts of the
Forth and St Andrews Bay—chiefly at the surface, though occasloualvaa
the bottom, and the use of the trawl-like tow-net of the Laboratory show:
that they are often abundant near the bottom.
Cod.—The eggs of the cod, were captured both at the surface and the M
bottom—the first appearing on the 22d February in the Forth. This - a8
one of the most common eggs, both at the surface and the bottom. Th a
spawning period thus at least extends from February to May. though it is
noteworthy that in 1884 ripe cod were first met with only in April. ny
is unsafe, however, to rely on the observations of a single year. err
Bib.— Certain ova from St Andrews Bay in February and Mz ch
correspond in size and appearance with those of the bib, which are a little
less than those of the haddock. a
Whiting. —Few ova of the whiting appear in the collection —though 1
there is no reason why they should have been so scarce. They abound 1
April and May.
Ling.—A single egg, apparently of the te appears in the collectio on
made on the fishing ground 22 to 25 miles south-east of Montrose. If t the e .
diagnosis be correct, this is considerably earlier than those procured fro
deep water and hatched at St Andrews, viz., in the end of April. — ‘Zs pi .
Rockling.—No egg is more generally distributed than those of
rockling, but it is possible that more than one species is included i
the series : the size certainly varies considerably. Though these eggs ‘are
small, they are easily recognised by the bright oil-globule. They are Ye
abundant in March and also in April and May. :-
Plaice.—The earliest pelagic ova in the collection are those of t the ©
plaice, which were procured in the Moray Firth on the 4th and 5th
February. Ripe males were procured by the trawl on Smith Ban
(where the pelagic ova occurred), but no ripe females. This may,
however, have been accidental. In former years (¢g., 1884) many | ine
* Proc. Lin. Soc., vol. xviii., p. 298, pl. x., fig. 11.
al
7
4
"4
SO et ry we ane Ca
ay eek Ah i !
. "
Ay \
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 285
examples were trawled on the same ground at the end of the first week in
April, but though nearly ripe, none were quite ripe. The pelagic ova
are abundant towards the end of April. The spawning period of the
plaice, therefore, would seem to extend from January to May, and it
probably varies according to the nature of the season. As shown else-
where, spawning plaice are extremely rare in such bays as St Andrews—the
f inshore waters being tenanted by the younger forms.
Long Rough Dab.—The ova of the long rough dab are not at present
very clearly differentiated, though a partially ripe example procured
during the trawling expeditions shows that the eggs are somewhat larger
than those of the whiting.
Lemon Dab.—The eggs of the lemon dab, which in Ha have the size
uf those of the bib, appear in the collection from the Forth.
Common Dab.—The ova of the dab were captured in considerable
abundance especially in March, but they are also common in April and
May. In this collection they were chiefly from the surface both in St
Andrews Bay and the Forth. In size they are only a little larger than
those of the rockling.
Flounder.— Ova apparently agreeing with those of the common flounder
came from St Andrews Bay and the Forth towards the end of March; they
are plentiful in March and April in St Andrews Bay.
Unknown.—A considerable number of the large (Pleuronectid?) ovum
—B* (with ‘large perivitelline space) occurred both in St Andrews Bay and
the Forth, chiefly at the surface, but also at the bottom in St Andrews Bay.
It is difficult to say with what species this egg is connected, yet it must
be a common one, for it has been found regularly every season in March
and April since 1884—both in St Andrews Bay and the open sea beyond.
_~ The brill is one of the pleuronectids—the eggs of which require investiga-
tion, for though Raffaele states that it probably has an oil-globule, still
there is no certainty.
Gurnard.—It is remarkable that the ova of the gurnard are absent
from the collection. The spawning period in the “oie es of St
Andrews Bay is, however, later than that of most forms.
Dragonet. Le single egg of Callionymus lyra, the Skulpin, comes from.
the surface of the Forth, where I think Mr Cunningham formerly
: procured it. He also met ‘with it off Millport. From its small size (re-
sembling that of the rockling) it is apt to be overlooked, but the remark-
able reticulation ef its thin zona radiata is diagnostic. Dr F. Raffaele,
in his valuable paper on the pelagic eggs and larval fishes of the Bay of
Naples, describes the egg of Callionymus festivus as perfectly smooth and
translucent, and suggests that perhaps I had examined an ovarian egg of
C. lyra at St Andrews with the follicular layer still present. The descrip-
tion given in 1885, however, was correct, and the figures + of the ripe egg
by Mr Prince make identification easy.
Sprat. —The eggs of the sprat appear from St Andrews Bay and the
Forth i in March and May. They are very frequently met with in April
and May, and often in the bottom-net in profusion.
Turbot.—The eggs of turbot, again, appear somewhat later, for those
removed from the ripe fish from 44 fathoms were procured in J uly, and at
the same time many eggs agreeing in size were found at the surface.
Like some other adults this species seems to spawn chiefly in deep water.
* “Development of Food Fishes,’’ M‘Intosh and Prince, Zrans. Roy. Soc. Edin.,
1890, p. 853.
+ ‘Ann, Nat. Hist. (5), vol. xvi., pl. xiii. figs. 1-4.
hal Se : , *
ey ad ait =a TF a a an | "7 4 ;
: -*)
SS eee ae a >
a f
:
if
a
LARVAL, POST-LARVAL, AND YOUNG FISHES.
.
~:
.
ig ~
St Andrews Bay.—In the beginning of March the Bottamanael gave aa
larval and early post-larval herrings, with post-larval examples of Cottus,
A larval form apparently prematurely hatched from Pleuronectid ovum |
B. was also present. Minute sand-eels of several stages, post-larval armed —
bullheads, Montagu’s suckers, a larval rockling and larval cod were added
before the end of the month. Considerable obscurity still exists with —
regard to the development and earliest stages of certain of these common _
forms, such as Agonus, Lipare as montagur, and even the cottoids, for there
seems to be great variety in regard to size and coloration of the ova of
the latter group. Post-larval flounders usually appear about the middle —
of April in the mid-water-net, and about the same time the older, though —
still very translucent, forms are found in the rock-pools. In the ‘Garland?
the first young flounders (pelagic) were captured in the bottom-net at the —
beginning of May, the eye being still on the ridge. Onthe same date the ©
sand-eels and herrings have increased in size, and a larval lump-sucker vas
added to the list. The earlier post-larval cod are now increasing in length
(65 mm.), the pigment along the sides is changing, and they generally —
occur in the bottom-net. On the 5th May some post-larval herrings had '
reached 16 mm., and the larval stage of Cottws quadricornis, the ane
post-larval E.,* and other forms previously noted occurred
The Frith of Forth.—One of the most interesting features in this region %
is the presence of the young of the wolf-fish (Anarrhichas), about $ ir ;
long, at the surface, in February—showing that the escape of this species —
from the egg must take place at the commencement of the year. As
usual in such cases a margin on either side of this date is necessary in
defining the hatching period—some being earlier and others intel
The coloration in this example differed from that of those reared in the
Laboratory, the black pigment being characteristically grouped on the cf)
sides, anteriorly forming conical processes with their bases at the dorsu m, ne
but blending posteriorly into the ventral series below the lateral lin
The pigment has not yet invaded the fins. This form apparent yy
represented a very large example, since it could scarcely be relegated to )
the previous season. Others, from 19 to 20 mm. in length, were capture do
the first week in May, likewise at the surf ace, and in these the character-
istic grouping of the pigment-bars was also evident. The more direc i,
exposure to light in the glass vessels of the Laboratory, as in the case ¢ if
the pleuronectids and others, rapidly increases the pigment in thes
young fishes. i
Amongst other forms young clupeoids 14 in. long occurred in the
bottom-net off Bo’ness in February. In March larval cod, Cotti and post-
larval D.+ about 11 mm. In April post-larval plaice, herring, Cotte a
Agoni. In May ‘larval haddock, rockling, post-larval cod 6 mm., rch
sand-eels 12°5 mm., Cottus.12 mm. long, pleuronectid, and Montag 3
sucker (?) were procured, In June a young turbot of 9 mm., and a gre, fe
gurnard of 13 mm. appeared at the surface. The occurrence of you =
dragonets at the end of July, in the bottom-net, and of herrings (es
long) in October (autumnal brood) oyna Bee the series.
* “Development of Food Fishes,” M‘Intosh and Prince, p. 861.
+ Op. cit., p. 860.
Rs Ware Myaet Nore RAV y Lara Pe pk ee aN Tha! ‘ a
ny, Pry iw ta
Ly] ce 9 r Goahy ot ware . ;
> oe rid y 4
‘
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 287
LIST OF SOME OF THE PELAGIC OVA, LARVAL, AND
YOUNG FISHES, OBTAINED BY THE ‘GARLAND’ IN
1890.
I. Moray FRITH.
February 4 and 5. Numerous ova of plaice. One egg of haddock.
SmirH Bank.—Surface-net (1st trawl), 24th May. Numerous young
rocklings, 5 to 8 mm., young gadoids, 10°5 mm.
SmirH Banx.—Surface-net, 5th June. Young grey gurnard, 13 mm.,
young turbot, 9°5 mm. —right eye appearing on ridge.
Station V.—Moray Friva.—Surface and bottom-nets, 27th May.
Post-larval pleuronectids, 5°5 to 10 mm., young gadoid, 15 mm., Cottus, 6
mm., young flounders (dabs ?), 12-13 mm.—eye on ridge or over.
Station VI.—Moray Frira.—Surface-net, 27th May. Young green
cod, 22 mm., young flounders, 13 to 13:5 mm., young Motellw, 9 mm.,
young Cottus, 11 mm.
Station VI.—Bottom-net, 27th May. Numerous gadoids from 7 to
17 mm., with the abdomen pinkish from crustacean food, pleuronectids
(plaice?), 7 to 115 mm. Eyes lateral.
Stations I. and I11.—Bottom-net, 29th May. Post-larval gadoid, 6 mm.,
flounders, 3°5 to 8 mm. (eyes lateral), Motella and Montagu’s sucker.
Orr LosstremoutH.—Deep-water (bottom ?), 28th May. Post-larval ga-
doids, 5 to8 mm., young flounders, 12 mm.—eye on ridge or approaching.
Post-larval Motelle, 5:2 to 75 mm.—long ventral fins.
Cromarty Fritu.—Bottom-net, 26th May. Gadoids, 7 and 17 mm.,
flounders, 9°5 and 11mm. Eyeson ridge. Numerous gobies (G. minutus’),
3 to 8 mm.
Il. Orr Montrose.
February 6 and.7. 22-25 miles off Montrose. Eggs of plaice and
haddock. Egg of ling.
Srarion I.—Montrose.—Bottom-net, 19th May. Post-larval flounders,
| 5°5 to 12°3 mm., post-larval gurnard, 16 mm., young Cottus scorpius, 17
;. mim.
Station IJ.—Montrose.—Bottom-net, 19th May. Post-larval flounders,
55 to 12°5 mm., post-larval sand-eels, 15 to 20 mm., young Montagu’s
sucker, 12°5 mm.
III. Sr Anprews Bay.
Station V.—3d March. Bottom-net. Post-larval Cottus. Two larval
herrings.
Srations I. tro V.—March 3 to 5. Young sand-eel. Post-larval Cottus.
Early post-larval herrings 8 mm. long. Unknown post-larval D.* Pleuro-
nectid larva B.+ apparently prematurely removed.
Sration I.—5th March. Bottom-net. Ovaof cod (?) and sprat. Post-
larval herrings, and sand-eels of 2 stages.
Station V.—Bottom-net, 26th March. Young sand-eels 17 mm. Post-
larval Agonus (armed bull- head). Post-larval herrings and Cottus (with
large pigment spots on head).
_ Sration LV. anp Station V.—Surface-net, 26th March. Eggs of plaice,
| haddock, and dab. Larval cod and Motella (rockling). Post-larval sand-
| eels, Cottus and Agonus.
* Op. cit., p. 853. + Op. cit., p. 853,
. u ' .
Bre aN Le Aye Ear | j ay } >
EE OR ee
ae ay ee Cae. Vy et! te ee
288 Part LI1— kighth Annual Report ;
Sratron I.—Surface-net, 28th March. Eggs of haddock, bib () cod,
whiting, rockling, pleuronectid B.* and dab. ay oe
Station JII.—Bottom-net, 28th March. Egg of pleuronectid B. and of
rockling. Larval herrings—some with yolk-sac, others 11 mm. long, By st
larval sand-eels— 2 stages, Montagu’s sucker, and Agonus, a
Sration [V.—Bottom-net, 1st May. Larval rockling. Young flowndal a
(still pelagic). Post-larval herrings, sand-eels, Montagu’s sucker ani y
Cyclopterus (lump-sucker). +
Station V.—Bottom-net, lst May. Eggs Motella-like though larger
(about 800 mm.7). Post-larval cod, 6°5 mm. Young flounders (eye appea
ing on ridge). {
Station II.—Bottom-net, 2d May. Young flounders as before. ae
larval H.* Post-larval Motelle, 3°5 mm., no “veritral fin.
Station I.—Bottom-net, 2d May. Post- larval cod, herring (16 mm.),
flounder (2 stages), post- Jarval Motella 3°5 mm. and Agonus. Lar ha Ly
Montagu’s sucker. Young Montagu’s sucker. a
Station I1I.—Bottom- net, 2d May. Young flounders, as before. Post i
larval plaice (7). Young sand- eels, herrings, and Montagu’s sucker,
No label.—Probably from St ‘Andrews Bay, in March. or April. ges
of flounder (?), post-larval flounders, sand-eel, cod, Cottus, young’
Montagu’s sucker (one very pale). , 1%
_
i
IV. Toe Feira or Forta. © .
Station VI.—-Surface-net, 21st February. Young wolf-fishes, { i inet L
Cross-Srction I. +— Surface- net, 22d February. Eggs of plaice, baie
dock, cod, whiting (?), dab.
Orr Bo'ness.—Bottom- net, 28th February. Young clupeoids (proba
herrings), 14 inches.
STATION VIL —Bottom-net, 14th March. Larval cod, poly
Cottus, post-larval D.
Srarion VILL —Surface-net, 18th March. Eggs of haddock, pleur 10
nectid B., plaice and dab. “ih
Sratron VILL. —Bottom-net, 18th March. Post-larval D. about 11 mm.
Cross-Sxorion. ILL.t—North- half, surface-net. 21st March. Eggs o
haddock, rockling (many), pleuronectid B., plaice, dab (many), flounder (0).
SraTron I.—Bottom-net, 19th April. Post-larval plaice (?), herrings
Cottus, and Agonus. ee
East or IncuKerra.—Mid-water net, 3d May. Post-larval cod, pos
larval sand-eels, Cottws, 12 mm. long. eke)
Sration I,—Surface-net, 7th May. Post-larval cod, 6 mm., your ng!
flounders (dabs?), 15 mm. (eye on edge), young sand-eels, 12°5 mu Br
Cottus, and Motella, 4°5 mm. with long ventrals.
Sratron IL. —Surface-net, 7th May. Egg of lemon-dab (?), eggs ot
sprat, skulpin (Callionymus iyra). Larval cod, haddock, and ng
Bass Rock, West sy Norru.—Surface-net, 7th May. ‘Young loam
dab (?) 25 mm., wolf-fish, 19-20 mm.
Station IV.—Net (bottom ?), 13th May. Post-larval herring, sande cl
D., Montagu’s sucker.
Savion III.—Forra—Bottom (?), 16th May. Post-larval plew 0
nectids, 7°2 mm., young pleuronectids, 14 mm.—eye near ridge, yor w 8
Motelle, 4 mm. “g
Sration VIL—Forra—Bottom (?), 15th May. Post-larval cod, 7mm.,
* Pelagic Fauna, Seventh Annual Report Fishery Board, 1889, p. 308, Pl. iv. f
+ Cross-Section I. is at the mouth of the Frith, between Fife-Ness and D
Cross-Section III. is east of Inchkeith, between Buckhaven and Prestonpans, a
an
: 5.
15
|
i
SUR ih tn gi tae toe cae 5 SE a eR A os
RP MOE RM ee PAN RS AT yh ae Che
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. — 289
sand-eel, 13 mm., post-larval pleuronectids, 6°5 to 13 mm., post-larval
Cottus, post-larval Montagu’s sucker, young Agonus. |
Sration I.—Bottom-net, 30th July 1889. Young skulpins (Callconymus
lyra)—2 stages. ,
Forra.—17th October 1889. Young herrings, 18 mm,
V. ABERDEEN Bay.
Station J.—ABERDEEN.—Surface-net, 20th May. Ege of lemon-
dab (?), two kinds of flounder—one of which is probably plaice and
another probably dab, both dextral; young gadoids, as before, only
none so small and none so large, the largest being about 14 mm.; the
flounders were about 10°5 mm. in length, and none so small as before.
Sration J.—ABERDEEN.—Bottom-net, 20th May. Sand-eel, 22 mm.
in length, small cod, 7-5 mm., the longest being about 12 mm.,
flounders (dextral) from 6°56 mm. to 12 mm. in length.
Sration I[].—AserDEEN.—Bottom-net, 20th May, 11 a.m. to noon.
Many young gadoids, varying from 7 to 20 mm., young flonnders (post-
larval plaice &c.), from 6 to 14 mm., young sand- eels, from 16 to 23 —
mm., post-larval Moted/a.
Sration V.—ABERDEEN.—Bottom- net, 22nd May. Young gadoids as
hefore, flounders, as before, young Cottus ; smallest gadoid, 8 mm., largest,
20°5 mm., smallest flounder, 6°5 mm., largest, 15°5 mm.
Station VI.—ABERDEEN.—-Bottom-net, 22nd May. Same as before
Vi):
AES VII.—ABERDEEN.—Bottom-net, 22nd May. Young gadoids,
7 to 25 mm., young flounders, 7 to 12 mm. (eye on ridge), young sand-
eel, 27 mm., young gurnard, 34 mm., young Cottus, 5mm., young Agonus,
8 mm. (vide Trans. &.S.E., vol. xxxv. p. 864, pl. xviil, fig. 10.
a4
SES hy eee RCL Nr es See TORT Wars Faber in tdi vi WAS
Aa : 4 pa oe =e
as ae
290 Part III—Highth Annual Report
V.—ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMON SCALLOE a
(Pecten opercularis, L.) By J. H. Fuutarton, M.A., D.Sc.
(Plates V.-VIIL.)
The Common Scallop— Pecten opercularis, L., exists in great abundance —
in the Firth of Forth. The beds there, supplying annually to the fisher- —
men of the neighbouring shores above 1000 tons, which are entirely us used
for bait, have already been described by the writer.* A
During the summer of 1889 the Fishery Board for Scotland instructed d
me to proceed to Cockenzie, a fishing village on the shores of the Forth, to —
study the development and life- history of the Scallop or Clam as it is”
known locally, and that was undertaken so far as the appliances at my 2
command permitted. a)
Nothing, so far as Iam aware, has been done in the investigation of the 7 |
life-history of the developing embryos of the Common Scallop, though Ay
Lacaze-Duthiers has figured the ova and spematozoa of Pecten glaber and —
P. varius. Before, however, dealing with embryological details, there are—
certain points connected with the sexual or gans which should | be.
mentioned. Like the Monomyarian oyster the genus /ecten is herma-
phrodite. The sexual organs of P. opercularis (pl. viii. fig. 34, ov. and f.)
chiefly lie posterior to the rudimentary foot. They form a prominen it
abdominal mass stretching to the middle of the under surface of the single
large adductor muscle. Relatively to the adductor theyare situatedanteriorly y
aud inferiorly ; the anterior end lies on the under surface of the liver, close
behind the mouth. Slightly constricted behind the foot they graduall y
increase in size posteriorly till they attain their greatest breadth nearly
opposite the posterior end of the organ of Bojanus (4.). From this tia of
taper quickly, and end in a blunted point. Their ventral outline — is
markedly convex, while the dorsal boundary, where this is separable from —
the subjacent tissues, is concave. The hinder pointed end of the organ is
free, but balf the distance from the posterior end of the organ of ee
connected to the tissue that covers the undersurface of the adductor and tl
large parieto-splanchnic ganglion. From its posterior point of connection
forwards, it is in a more or less close union with the subjacent organs and —
tissues. Where it lies on the adductor muscle, it is easily separated from
the muscle, but anterior to this it is in close, union with the adjoining
tissues. It is interrupted by the foot, and, internally, by the coils oft the
intestine. _ The greater portion of the organ posterior to the foot cons!
of generative tissue, but anterior to the foot it simply forms a thin cover ing
of tissue on other organs. Bi.
The ovigerous area (0v.) of the hermaphrodite organis at the hinderbluut ie
end, and its colour marks its anterior boundary from the male portion (.)
The bounding surface line between the two kinds of tissue is very irregular
in different individuals. In some examples the ovarian tissue cd
further forward, and overspreads the spermatic tissue, while in others, a
into the lobés of the testes, so that the surfaces of contact are > very ur e
forming in fact, a series of pits and prominences. The intestine someti
winds into the ovarian mass, but it is for the most part. confines
that part of the organ which functions as testes. The latter is interry)
by the foot, but otherwise it covers the whole of the Temapiiaee
from ovary forwards to near the mouth. |
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 291
Afterthe discharge of the generative products, the organ is in a collapsed
condition, and exhibits alight brown or cream colour. When, however,
the reproductive tissues become active, the flabbiness disappears, and the
organ increases in size, the colour changing with the increase in size. The
testes become white and opalescent, while the ovary assumes a reddish
tinge. The colour of the latter becomes more pronounced, passing from
i pale red to a bright scarlet, and often a rich vermilion. Sometimes the
opalescence of the testes persists, but generally these become cream coioured
on the ripening of their products. During this alteration in colour of the
| sexual organs they gradually pass in shape from the cvllapsed rounded
form to a knee-shaped form, flattened laterally; this form, flattened laterally,
fills up so that in transverse vertical section its ellipsoid shape becomes at
some parts nearly circular.
The products of the generative organs in the same individual do not
ripen at quite the same time. When the ova are ready to be shed, the
spermatozua have either been shed, or they are not quite ripe. Some
| have been found with ova quite ripe and spermatozoa not ripe, while the
| converse has also been the case. The interval, however, that separates the
| ripening of both is not many days at most; in some scarcely has the one
| organ collapsed when the other immediately succeeds.
* As Lacaze-Duthiers* has noticed, the generative products do not pass
directly to the external medium, but into the organ of Bojanus. He
figures the generative duct in P. varius and P. glaber, as opening into
| tie anterior end of the cavity of the organ of Bojanus, but in P. opercularis
| (y.d.), so far as made out by the injection of coloured fluids, the openings
} ave not always quite so far forward, nor are they so distinctly seen as in
| P. varius. The hermaphrodite duct runs for a short distance alongside
of the organ of Bojanus, and in some cases at least opens into the organ
of Bojanus between the anterior extremity and the middle of that organ.
The external and common opening (4.0.) for the discharge of the renal and
generative products is at the posterior apex of the organ of Bojanus, and can
easily be found either by puncturing the walls of the organ of Bojanus,
and inflating it, or by using the blowpipe close to the posterior apex, when
the rush of air into the organ reveals the presence of the external opening.
From the organ of Bojanus of either side (the organs are quite separate)
the common generative duct runs backwards for a short distance close to
the surface of the testes, and then divides into two branches, one of which
ramifies chiefly in the testis, while the other branches for the most part in
the ovary. ‘The canals repeatedly divide and redivide, and the course of
these, on the surface especially, is easily traceable by employing coloured
injections. While one of the two main canals functions principally as an
) oviduct, and the other as a vas deferens, yet small branches of each convey
| also products of the other sexual organ to the cavity of the organ of
Bojanus. The postero-dorsal branches of the hinder of the two main canals
are exclusively oviducal, while the anterior or sub-hepatic branch of the
‘main, testis-canal is entirely spermatic, but many of the smaller canals
| between these act as both oviduct and vas deferens.
The reproductive products are apparently discharged at once to the
exterior, for after often repeated examinations of sexually mature forms I
@ was unable to find inthe organ of Bojanus, or even within the valves of
| the shell, either ova or spermatozoa. Fertilisation therefore must take
| place in the surrounding water, and the dispersion of the generative
_ products is well provided for by the continual flapping motion of the
\ valves even in gravid specimens.
” « Organes Genitaux des Acephales Lamellibranches,” Ann, de. Sc. Nat., Ser. iv,
iil, iy t
“4 Ny
/
nt bi “? ie bes te Ma “i ©
tnd aan cs ahh Sk PRT, he a
292 Part II —fkighth Annual Report
In the waters of the Firth of Forth, the reproductive activity of
Scallops extends over a lengthened period of the year. At the em
February and beginning of March specimens were obtained with 1 K
productive organs having the characteristic colour which the sexual!
mature forms exhibit. The number, however, in this condition in the ea rly j
spring was not numerous ; but as the season advanced the proportion with
ripe reproductive organs increased, tillin July and August a maximum vas,
reached. Jn those months almost all of the forms dredged from a parti-
cular area were ripe, but as September was approached the specimens taken
from the same area showed by the colour of their reproductive organs, ar
by the diminished size of these, that the period of spatting was drawing ta O-
a close. In this same area towards the middle of September hundreds”
might be examined without a single ripe specimen being found. Duri no
September, when ripe forms were desired, these were obtained from ground
about a mile eastwards from the dredging ground of the previous months. i) |
This is interesting, as showing how, in the. same species on ueighbouring
bottom, the spatting period may differ to the extent of a month’ or event
two. As the season progressed, and in October, the condition of the
generative organs showed that the sexual products had been shed. In
the beginning of October it was still possible to obtain a few ripe forms,
but not without examining large quantities taken by the dredge. om
On the whole, while reproductive activity was most marked in the
summer months, the spatting period of P. opercularis on the Forth clam be ds
has a much wider range. Inthe summer of 1889 it reached its maximum
in the beginning of August, and in September immense numbers of fre
swimming larval Lamellibranchs, which I took to be P. opercularis, wer
obtained by the tow-net worked at various heights above the beds. 7
The method adopted in fertilising was to cut out the ovarial and seminal
parts of the ‘ tongues’ from a dozen ripe animals into two glass vessels. 14 he
ovarial portions were separated roughly from the testicular, and minced
fine, and then strained through very fine muslin into the vessel partially
filled with clear sea-water. The spermatic portions were similarly dealt
with, and the filtered contents of this vessel were added to the ve
containing the ova. The whole was stirred and allowed for some tim
settle, when the supernatant water was decanted off, and afresh suppl:
sea water introduced. The changes of this water were frequent at first,
notwithstanding, the death-rate was occasionally very large. More t
once the brood was entirely destroyed ; especially if the fluid was allowe
to stand for a few hours too long before being changed the death-rate
increased, and the decaying dead forms brought about the death of
remainder. One or two difficulties were experienced which milita
against successful hatching. One was the getting of sufficiently cl
water for the small glass aquaria. Time after time the whole of
embryos were lost from the continuing accumulation of fine sediment tl
settled on the bottom of the aquaria in spite of the precautions taken to
obtain clear water, by filtering, a necessity in the absence of settling ponds ds S
A substitute for these last was found in carrying the water from tl
hollows in the rocks situated between tide marks. These hollows acted 08
miniature settling ponds, and the water was carried about three hundred
yards to the wooden sail-shed (part of which was placed at the w
disposal), where the glass aquaria were. The dust at all times so abou
in the atmosphere of this temporary structure that it was extr
difficult to keep it from entering the aquaria, although these were oe
to prevent the entrance of dust.
When liberated artificially from the ovum the ovarian cells are mi
less irregular in shape, being generally polyhedral and drawn out :
'
‘of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 293
ret:
a short stalk-like portion. If the unfertilised eggs so liberated are ripe, or
- nearly ripe, they quickly separate from each other, but if a mollusc is
selected where the eggs are not mature, they remain adherent to each other
' for some time. In these irregular ovarian cells there is a large quantity of
- nutritive matter of a brown or brownish green, but not so much as always
to obscure the clearer nucleus. The peripheral portions of these cells are
somewhat clearer than the central parts.
When, however, the ovary is of the characteristic brilliant reddish-brown
colour already noticed, the artificially liberated eggs soon assume a regular
spherical form (Pl. V. fig. 1). The ovum having assumed this symmetrical
shape, the distribution of the deutoplasmic granules in the vitellus is more
/ uniform. From the time of liberation of the ova till the redistribution of the
| deutoplasmic granules and the assumption of the spherical form, it takes, in
| the case of very mature cells, only a few minutes, but in other cases half an
hour elapses between the polyhedral and perfectly spherical ‘stages, the
| rate of alteration being perhaps also dependent on the temperature.
— <>, .% ;
Tas ee Oe
eae = SS - ts
oe a ee eo =
In the ripe unfertilised and spherical ovum the nucleus (PI. V. fig. 1) is
- not so apparent as in the irregular polyhedral cell. This is due to the
difference in distribution of the deutoplasmic granules, whose brownish-
| green colour completely obscures the nucleus. Notwithstanding, in some
| of those of a perfectly spherical shape, both a nucleus and nucleolus is
_ distinctly seen. These, however, are the ‘exception and not therule. The
vitelline membrane is clearly visible in both forms of ova. As in other
Lamellibranch ova such as the common mussel,* Mytilus edulis, and
See Sis. aes a. ie ee
enveloping it, one can see a hyaline investment, which, however, is so perfectly
_ transparent that it is not easily made out. When the granules of deuto-
| plasm do not obscure the nucleus, this is seen to have a diameter rather
greater than one-third of the diameter of the ovum. The nucleolus when
| seen is not sufficiently clear to reveal a regular chromatin structure, though
there is an indication of differentation by the manifestation of a difference in
the contents. The size of the ovum is ‘068 mm. When the testes are
mature, the spermatozoa (PI. V. fig. 2) exude as a milky white fluid on
| the organs being punctured. When minced, and when some of the particles
@ are transferred to a slide, along with the motile spermatozoa are found
‘numerous spermatoblasts. The spermatoblasts (Pl. V. fig. 3) are ovoid
_ spermatozoa project from the surface and perform vibratile. movements.
| The spermatoblasts exhibit certain clear vesicles—the mother sperm cells
_—and are found in abundance. Though the spermatozoa may, when
liberated articially from the testes, be united in bundles, yet the heads
| quickly separate, and the individual spermatozoa move away from each.
@ other by the action of their tails and by any currents set up in the fluid
| under the cover glass. Amongst the specimens examined, it was now and
@ again difficult to obtain individuals with ripe spermatozoa, the proportion of
_ animals with ripe ovaries in some hauls of the dredge being greatlyin excess.
@ The spermatozoon differs slightly in shape from those of P. varius and
OP. glaber, as figured by Lacaze Duthiers.{| The head is ovate, but some-
_ what drawn out at the apex, presenting in fact an intermediate shape
___ between the very pointed spermatozoon of the mussel as drawn by Wilson,§
and the blunted apices of P. varius and. P. glaber. The spermatozoon
4 _ figured i is magnified 1300 times.
ie -* Wilson, ‘On the Development of the Common Mussel,” Fifth Annual Report
tg the Fishery Board for Scotland, p. 247, 1887. M4
+ Loven, ‘‘ Bidrag til: Kiinned. om Utweckl. af Moll. Acephala Lamellibr.,’ Vetensk.
i é Stiga. Handl., 1848 (Translation, Archiv. f. Natwrg., 1849).
yy a: Loc. cit. § Loc, cit., plate xii. fig. 33.
Bi.
hie
Cardium pygmaeum,t at timesoutside of the bounding wall of the ovum, and _
bodies, and when ready to liberate the spermatozoa the tails of the contained —
294 Part III.—LHighth Annual Report
Many spermatozoa are seen endeavouring to bore their way into the ovum
at different points of its surface, and the heads of some at least have
succeeded, as is shown by their disappearance into the vitelline membrane,
while the vibratile tails project from the surface of the bounding Ig
membrane. The changes resulting inside the ovum are cloaked by a bhi
abundant deutoplasmic granules. “Most of my observations were made |
living ova, in which it is impossible to see the phenomena connected wi th
fertilisation and the expulsion of the polar globule (PL V. fig. 4, pg ).
Moreover, in those ova which I fixed, stained, and mounted, the alteratic 1s
were not visible. Whatever the changes may be that supervene on the
union formed, the result is apparent in the subsequent activities of t
coalesced products, ¥ E
The polar globule extruded by the ovum, so far as seen, is not sta
but sessile, and in many cases if persists till the oosphere has onda 01
repeated segmentation. When seen in the segmenting oosphere, thous 2 ch
not distinctly stalked, it is generally ellipsoidal in shape.
While these changes are in progress, the ova, which on liberation he
descended to the bottom of the glass aquaria, remain there unless stirr
up, as it is advisable to do when the contents of the spermatic vessel ar Ks
mixed with the water containing the ova. They rapidly settle again upon
the bottom till they develop to a stage when they are clothed with ci y
and freely move about. "9 i"
A very marked feature in the active cell, in several fertilisations which
were effected, was the great number of irregular changes simulating
mentation that took place. The protoplasmic contents were continual
undergoing change, and the number of vesicles which were budded off a
reabsorbed into the cell from which they arose was so varied, that witl
four hours upwards of 80 distinct shapes were assumed by the cell ori
the mass. Sometimes the periods of activity were intermittent, and rest
ing stages occurred during which no change in shape took place. During
these resting stages, although the shape of the mass remained the same,
there might be exhibited a regrouping of the contents of the cell and vesicles,
but the regrouping was not so manifest as in the formation of the vesiel
when the protoplasmic flow into the vesicles was very apparent. Th
vesicles at first were colourless, but the deutoplasmic granules ce
the stream soon coloured them. A characteristic of such a cell was the
smaller quantity of deutoplasmic granules present in it as compared wi
a normally segmenting cell. After a period of rest a fresh spui ra
activity ensued, the coming changes being presaged by the clearing up 0
the cell contents at the point t where the alteration was to take place. ‘Thoug
I watched a single changing cell of this character for a whole day, I nev
was able to ascertain whether any progressive development took plae
or whether the alterations were a sign of pathogenetic forces at work. The
result of several hours of change, with intervening resting stages, was tl
the object generally assumed the form of a single cell, ‘indistinguish
from the cell from which the serial changes started. Undoubtedly
of the changes that took place are comparable with what Brooks * obse
in the American oyster, Ostrea virginica, but as I never found that
cell, which had exhibited this false segmentation, after it had returned
its original shape, underwent further development, I prefer to regard it ree
simulating segmentation, and not merely a departure from the norma
of segmentation which was now and again the case. ‘The last sare
progressive development and the segments differed only i in. their a on
* «The Development of the Oyster, ” Studies from Biological Laboratory vd
Hopkins’s University, 1880.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 295
ment from the normal, while the vesicles in the first, both in their mode of
origin, shape and grouping, diverged widely from the regular and irregular
types of segmentation.
In order to arrive at the order of development, it is impossible always
to have the oosphere under observation, so the following account of the
segmentation of Pecten opercularis, L., while in some instances recording
the successive stages of development in one oosphere, is built up from
examination of many specimens, confirmed by parallel phenomena re-
peatedly exhibited by other oospheres.
After fertilisation and the expulsion of the polar globule, there is no
visible alteration in the oosphere for a few hours. When this period of
rest has lapsed, the protoplasmic contents become much clearer at one
place, This affords an index of the formative or animal pole. The
oosphere ceases to be spherical, and becomes pear-shaped by the prolonga-
tion of the clear end into a blunted or lobate process (Pl. V. fig. 5).
This lobate process is gradually drawn out (Pl. V. fig, 6), and its
_ transparent point becomes darker, while a constriction appears at the
base, and the oosphere is segmented into one macromere and one micromere,
the micromere occupying the formative or animal pole (Pl. V. fig. 7).
The polar globule (p.g.) is usually found in the furrow between both cells
(Pl. V. fig. 8), but sometimes it is situated at the distal pole of the
micromere (Pl. V. fig. 7), as Moebius* has observed in the oyster.
Neither at this nor at any subsequent stage has anything been seen
corresponding to the lenticular bodies, which Bobretzky + describes and
figures for Nassa mutabilis, and Wilson { for Mytilus edulis.
The micromere.is at first sharply marked off from the macromere, but
in a few minutes the surface of contact between the two is increased, and
they are flattened against each other. The macromere becumes clearer
near the furrow between it and the micromere, and a second micromere is
_budded off from it (Pl. V. fig. 9). The contact surfaces of the micro-
_ moeral ceils are flattened, and the appearance of the oosphere is as in
fig. 9. Although at this point the micromeres generally subdivide, yet
the macromere may again become active, when a third micromere is formed
at its expense (Pl. V. figs. 10 and 11). Whether, however, this last
micromere is adjacent to that first formed or to the second one, was not
observed. The micromeres are rounded on the peripheral part of the
oosphere, but became flattened against the micromere.
While these changes were going on, after the extrusion of the polar
globule, no nucleus was plainly visible either in the ovum or in the
macromere or two micromeres, but when the oosphere had reached the
four-celled stage the segmentation nuclei were manifest. In fig. 10 the
micromeres are flattened against the macromere, but in fig. 11 they are
more rounded, and the polar globule is seen projecting beyond the middle
micromere. ‘The micromeres are now active, aud each subdivides into two.
The subdivisions arising from the oosphere with two micromeres, and that
with three micromeres give rise to oospheres of one macromere and four
| micromeres (Pl. V. fig. 12), and of one macromere and six micromeres
respectively (Pl. V. figs. 13 and 14). In some cases the area of
attachment of the micromeres and macromere is greater than in others.
This corresponds with the differences exhibited in figs. 13, 14, 15, 16,
and 17. Where the area of attachment is greatest, the oosphere shows
polar flattening ; where the micromeres are more crowded round at the
* Die Auster und die Austernwirthschaft, 1877.
+ Vide Balfour, Comparative Embryology, vol, i. p. 292.
t Loc, cit., p. 251,
formative pole the oosphere is elongated in the direction of the polar
DO ES ee
eV A MENEL
296 Part II —FKighth Annual Report
diameter. A similar change is manifest in the direction of the junction
lines running between the macromere and micromeres. In figs. 15, 16,
and 17 segmentation has proceeded at the expense of the micromer
previously formed ; in fig. 17 the macromere appears more or less helmet Q
shaped, in fig. 15 it is nearly circular, while in fig. 16 the macromere
flattened at the side next to the micromeral segments, while it is rounde
at the nutritive pole. Fig. 15, therefore, shows that the micromeres have
spread over a greater proportion of the surface of the macromere than a
either fig. 16 or fig. 17. The tendency of the micromeres at each new
subdivision is to extend themselves along the surface of the macromere 2
and envelope it. In fig. 17 (Pl. VI.) the clear hyaline membrane which —
is also seen to envelope some of the ripe unfertilised ova is shown. it
As segmentation proceeds the spherical shape is lost, and just ii ee
the subdivision of the macromere, which- is almost invested by th ie
numerous micromeres, the oosphere is hat-shaped, with the macromer res
projecting from the under surface (PJ. V1. fig. 18). 7 7
The oosphere is now composed of one macromere and numerous —
micromeres. The macromere begins to segment, the first division resu a
ing in the formation of two equal cells. (Pl. VI. fig. 19). These tw
cells are seen through the micromeral segments in fig. 19, and the appea
ance of the oosphere in side view is‘as represented at fig. 20. ne
micromeres which form the ectoderm have in great measure enveloped the e
two macromeres, which are the first two cells of the e@toderm. If fig.
be compared with the same stage as is represented by Horst * (fig. 6),
likeness between the European oyster at this stage and fig. 19 vila be
manifest. The two macromeres become subdivided, vand the oosphere is as
drawn in PI. VI. fig. 21, where the four macromeres are visible throug 7
enveloping ectoderm. In figs. 19 and 21 the margin of the oosphere, or ee
periphery, exhibits a somewhat crenate outline, which is also seen in the
two succeeding each While the cells of entoderm continue to div “iv
(Pl. VI. figs. 22 and 23), they become completely closed in by th 2
ectodermic ayer. The oosphere has now a covering of cilia as represente¢ d
in fig. 22, and the erabryo performs a rotary motion, circling on its own
axis, sometimes without moving away from the field of vision of th
microscope, at other times making excursions out of the field. Fig.
was drawn during a period of rest, which, however, is always of sb
duration. Fig. 23 shows at least eight cells of entoderm encircled by
ectoderm with two cells at the blastopore, and is the first stage at wh ch
the gastrula with macromeral cells as guard cells was seen. A gastrul a
fixed and stained showing the segmentation nuclei, is represented at fig.
24, Here also the surface continuity is interrupted at one point, P> the
blastopore. The embryo (Pl. VII. fig. 25) is now composed of a series of
clearer peripheral cells clothed with cilia and darker central cells. By
leaving the ciliated embryo in a small quantity of sea water in a wa
glass till the water was reduced by evaporation, I found that
embryo became cleared up (Pl. VII. fig. 26). Numerous small el ”
vesicles as well as granular particles could be seen all over the surface ¢
the embryo, and in fig. 26 two cells projecting beyond the periphery w
seen. Whether these projecting cells have any significance, furt.
observations on other specimens did not throw any light on the subje ot Pd
The next significant advance in the development of the embryo is the
appearance of a recurved-like furrow (Pl. VII. fig. 27) proceeding from :
smaller depression, sp, on the rounded surface of the Se Tt
t-
<<
is
which was fixed and stained. In the latter it is seen to ‘occupy a position
* De ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis van de Oester (Ostrea edulis), 1884. ah #3 i
"ea
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 297
some distance along the surface from the blastopore, and as Horst * has
: pointed out in the case of the European oyster, as development advances,
it is seen at the dorsal pole of the animal (Pl. VII. fig. 30). This figure
shows that the primitive shell of the embryo is in. the same position as
that occupied by the depression in figs. 27 and 28, and I believe that this
depression in Pecten opercularis, as figured in 27, corresponds to the
depression noticed by Lacaze-Duthiers + ‘and by Davaine t in the oyster,
and so fully described by Horst in the same species. ith comparing
this figure with that of the same stage (fig. 32) of Ostrea virginiana,
observed by Brooks,§ it appears to me likely that the dorsal depression
which he regards as the blastopore, or opening of the primitive intestinal
canal, is, as Horst rightly suggests, the depression of the preconchylian
gland. ‘Lankester § was the first to discover the organ in Pisidiwm, and
in some gasteropods, and subsequently Hatschek || described the same
organ in Teredo.
The relative position of the blastopore and the preconchylian gland is
shown in figs. 28, 29, and 30. In fig. 29, which is a drawing of this stage, the
embryo exhibits the velum, v, as foot-like structure projecting between the
blastopore and preconchylian gland. Here it is seen to occupy only a very
small portion of the oosphere, but in fig. 30 the velum is of much greater
size, and the blastopore is further apart from the developing shell. In one
specimen a distinct area, covered by the growing and extending valves of
the shell, was manifest on one side, and a few clear vesicles were seen within
the body of theembryo. The form is very irregular, and differs from the
spherical form by a lobate process which projects (figured at the bottom
of the drawing), aud may possibly be the representative of the velum,
though the cilia with which it is beset do not differ in length from the cilia
covering other parts of the body. It is a highly irregular ! form, and but for
the indication of the shell valve its right to be regarded as a stage at this
point of development might be denied.
In my observations a hiatus occurred here, and the next stage seen had
a pair of very well developed shell valves. Fig. 32 is a view of the dorsal
surface of the embryo, which shows the slightly divaricated valves of the
shell above the large velum, which is extended beyond the margins of the
valves. An indication of the liver is apparent through the valves by the
dark patches shown on either side of the middle or hinge line. Fig. 33
gives a lateral view of the embryo, with the velum partially extended. At
the middle of the crown of the velum is a darkened patch, c.d., indicating
the cephalic disk present also in other Lamellibranchs, but there is no
flagellum present on the velum. The long row of cilia are seen on the
velum, and posterior to it is the opening of the mouth, m. This leads by a
ciliated canal or cesophagus, w, the cilia being in constant motion upwards
till it is hidden by the dark lobe of the liver, /v, which is also seen to
obscure the ventral half of the stomach, st. The intestine, 77, is visible
at one or two points, a loop being covered by the stomach and liver; the
rectum, 7, is seen to run downwards and backwards till it opens (near the
mouth) at the anus, a. Two velar muscles for retraction are seen, one being
posterior, pr, and the other anterior, a7, both indicating a bifurcation at
* Loe. cit., pp. 287, et seq. ’
£ Fe Momoue sur le ‘développement des Acephales lamellibranches,” Comp. Rend.
. de ab de Se. de Paris, vol. xxxix. p. 103; and ‘‘ Nouvelles observations sur le dé-
| velopement des huitres, » dem. pipe. t1O7;
Pe es ay sur le génération des huitres,” Comp. Rend. de la Soc.de Biol., vol.
iv., p. 29
§ ‘* Contributions to the Developmental History of the Mollusca,” Phil. Trans., vol.
65.
|| ‘‘ Ueber die Entwicklungsgeschichte van Zeredo,”’ Arb. Zool. Inst. Vienna, vol. iii.
————————_ _
Se ae ee re e -
Se
+2 OE ese ee
a eS SF cE nt
.
298 Part IL1—Kkighth Annual Report
their velar ends. The anterior adductor, ad, is well developed in fro
of the velum, and at the upper angles of the valves near the hinge es ) 7
number of small oval cells. The indications of the mantle are shown be 2
posteriorly and anteriorly. aa
Although this was the most advanced totes which I succeeded in rearing —
in the glass aquaria, I obtained by the tow-net free swimming veliger ac
larvee, with distinct heart, gill papilla, and other organs. ie
it}
a
7 ey .
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES, oY i
Behe
hey
_s
09
=
. Egg of the Scallop (Pecten opercularis, L.), Sieg the as and nn clei a ie
within the vitellus. Zeiss Uc. 3, lens D. oe
Fig. 2. Spermatozoon. Zeiss Oct. 4, Seibert 3! '; im. lens.
Fig. 3. Spermatoblasts showing spermatozoa with heads imbedded and free tails,
Fig. 4. Ovum showing polar globule on circumference ; the nucleus has become
invisible. Zeiss Oc, 3, lens D. ei
Fig. 5. Oosphere, with animal pole drawn out. &
Fig. 6. Oosphere, with animal pole more drawn out. 4.
Fig. 7. First stage of segmentation; the oosphere has become divided into a macromere —
4
and micromere, the polar globule being visible near distal pole of the
micromere. Zeiss Oc. 4, lens A, doubled. ‘
Fig. 8. First stage of segmentation, the macromere and micromere are fattened
against each, and the polar globule is seen in the furrow to the right. iag 3
Zeiss Oc. 4, ‘lens D—one-third less. .
Fig. 9. Second stage of segmentation ; oosphere of one macromere and two micromeres. —
Zeiss Oc. 4, lens A, doubled. ri Aig we
Fig. 10. Oosphere of one macromere and twomicromeres ; the nuclei of the segments
are visible, é.
Fig. 11. Oosphere of same stage as preceding, with micromeres more rounded and
polar globule seen opposite middle micromere.
Fig. 12. Oosphere of one macromere and four micromeres, with polar globule between :
macromere and micromere. sf
Fig. 13. Oosphere of one macromere and six micromeres. Figs. 9-13. Zeiss Oc.
lens A, doubled,
Fig. 14. Oosphere of same stage as preceding, but not so flattened. Zeiss Oc. 4, nod
D, one-half.
Fig. 15. Oosphere of one macromere and numerous micromeres, the latter extending fe
half-way round the former.
Fig, 16. Oosphere of one macromere and numerous micromeres, the microme’
occupying about one-half the mass.
Fig. 17. Oosphere of one macromere and numerous micromeres, the microme
occupying less of the mass than in 15 or 16 ; a clear hyaline lave
is seen surrounding the oosphere. Figs. 15-17. Zeiss Oc. 4, lens
doubled.
Fig. 18. Oosphere with the numerous micromeres enveloping the macromere. a ‘
Fig. 19. Oosphere with the macromere segmented into two seen through t
micromeres.
Fig. 20. Oosphere of the same stage as preceding seen in profile.
Fig. 21. Oosphere still more advanced where thefi rst macromeres are subdivided.
Fig. 22. Gastrula (ciliated), with the ectoderm and entoderm visible.
Fig. 23. Gastrula with macromeres forming the entoderm, and showing two macrome!
guard cells at side of blastopore, bp. Figs. 18- 23. Zeiss Oc. 4, lens b
Fig. 24. Gastrula fixed and stained showing blastopore bp, and segments with nucle
Zeiss Oc. 4, lens D.
Fig. 25. dis eer zastrula showing clearer peripheral edge and darker cells tow:
middle.
Fig. 26. Ciliated gastrula showing clear vesicles ; cleared up by evaporation of #
sea-water in the sun. Zeiss Oc. 4, lens D.
Fig. 27, Embryo showing the depression, sh, ‘of the preconchylian gland.
Fig. 28. Embryo fixed and stained, showing blastopore, bp, and a ee
preconchylian gland, sh. ‘ es f.
Fig. 29. Embryo showing position of blastopore, bp; depression of ‘reogne
gland, g/, and velum, v.
Fig. 30. Embryo showing position of blastopore, bp; velum, v; and incipient shiel
Fig. 31. Irregular ciliated embryo, showing developing shell, sh, clear st
lobate process. . }
j-
s \ |
--
os ‘ae
a a é
we pea ry
‘ Te
. Brees >
mee
id 1 eae
: ; a.
\ OY Ea) AAP Kv 4
, > ik wae
J. T. M. Imp
\
\
29
ae
PLATE Vil,
“J. T. M. Imp.
PLATE VIII.
J. T. M. Imp.
nat,
°
J. iH. FB. et J. T. M. del w
of te Fishery Boaved jot Seotland..
2. Ve r Eies ate Neat atcha! ing ended velum, »; two valves of
~*~ shell, sh; and liver through the shell, dv.
Ne ig 33. Embryo with shell well developed, showing velum, with cephalic disk,
une rie 9% d. ; retracter muscles of velum,——anterior retractor, a7, posterior retractor,
7 mouth, m; cesophagus, @; stomach, st; intestine, in; anus, a; liver, lw. :
; yr, ‘adducter; ad; "mantle ma.
. Pe 34. Adult Pecten opercularis—natural size—with reproductive organs mature.
_ The left valve, left lobe of the mantle, the outer of the left pair of labial
palps and the ‘left pee of gills have been. removed. Ovary, ov; testes, ¢;
enerative duct, g.d; organ of Bojanus, £; opening of organ of Bojanus,
ko; foot, f; liver, lv : labial palp, U.p ; rectum, vr; heart, h; adductor, |
ad: mantle, me ; reflected part of mantle, rm; ; eyes, 0; sensory —
pep Oe ligament, lg ; ‘egy br.
oe
3 ws x , aN)
. wi a at ire iy m3
mie a tenae Wat Bag AW, me
i 0 .
PlEN. TR
Are) hy ¥ feiyii ay dA. ae: t
300 Part LI1—Eighth Annual Report :
VI.—ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMON SKATE
(Raja batis). By DrJ. Bearp.
(Plates [X.—XI.)
Although the skate is one of the commonest elasmobranch fishes of our
seas, very little has been written of its life-history and development. The
sharks and torpedoes have mainly yielded material for embryological work
on elasmobranch fishes. Indeed, to such an extent have these latter
forms been studied, that it would be easy to make a list of some hundred
or more memoirs dealing with the development of the various organs of
Scyllium, Acanthias or Torpedo.
Our knowledge of their embryology practically dates from 1874-75,
which saw the first fraits of the memorable researches of Balfour and
Semper. Since then, almost every embryologist who has paid attention to
fish-development has contributed something to our knowledge of elasmo-
branch fishes. ’
Of recent years the rays find little mention in embryological works,
and beyond a few papers and some observations on particular organs
by Van Bemmelen, Dohrn, Ewart, Van Wyhe and others, our knowledge
of their actual development has advanced no further than the point at
which it stood in 1864, after the appearance of Professor Wyman’s
memoir.*
As the volume containing this work is rarely | met with in libraries, it
may be well to give some account of Wymau’s results.
Our author commences with a fairly accurate description of the egg- -case
or ‘purse.’ One or two small points in his account may be corrected
later on, when I describe those ‘ purses’ of rays which have come under
my own observations. It may, however, be remarked that Wyman’s
description does not apply to the purse of the British Raja batis, and
from several circumstances, to be afterwards detailed, I conclude that
Wyman was in error in supposing that the purses he examined were those
of £#. batis, and that the form he really investigated was FR. oculata —
(Mitchell). The memoir is illustrated by one plate, containing eleven figures.
These figures relate to but five embryos, and the text also bears evidence
of the paucity of the material at the author’s disposal. The earliest
embryo depicted showed four well-marked gill-slits. The drawing is not
very accurate, and from various circumstances (viz., the size of the
embryo, the great development of the unpaired fins, and the extensive
yolk-sac circulation) it may safely be concluded that the whole number of
- gill-slits was really present, and, indeed, that the external gill-filaments
were in course of development. Probably with reference to its great
length and tenuity Wyman describes this embryo as ‘ eel-shaped. ’ ue
In the second stage figured the embryo was much further advanced. Its
most characteristic features were the fairly developed gill-filaments, the
well-marked anterior and posterior paired fins, and an anal-fin. The next —
embryo was well described as ‘shark-like;’ it showed a second anal fin
behind the first, and Wyman found that these two fins are temporary
structures, which disappear in later stages. ae
The following embryo had taken on many of the skate characters. Itwas
* Wyman Jeffries, ‘Observations on the Development of Raja batis,’ in Memoirs —
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol ix., 1877, p. 31-44. (The
volume is dated 1867, but contains memoirs extending from 1864 to 1873. - oe
+ My thanks are due to H. Webster, Esq., University Librarian, Edinburgh, and — J
to the Royal Society of Edinburgh for opportunities of consulting this work. “i
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 301
somewhat younger than the one figured by me in figs. 16 and 17. The
last figure was that of a newly hatched skate.
In dealing with such an extensive subject as the development of the
skate, it was necessary that some plan of treatment should be adopted, all
the more as the amount of space and the number of plates of figures at
my disposal were strictly limited. Seeing that almost no figures of skate
embryos, especially early stages, have been published till now, it was
natural that this branch of the subject should receive attention. A
detailed account of the development of the internal organs would have
occupied very much space, and have required an extensive series of
figures. In the end this would have had little practical value.
Other points to be noticed more especially were the breeding and spawn-
ing seasons, the characters of the egg-cases or purses of different species of
skate, the duration of development, and such points in the physiology of
the embryo as could be determined.
Unfortunately I am at present unable to give much account of the
actual time the development occupies. Many embryos, which would ere
this have hatched out, were lost in a storm during the winter. This
- much can be said, viz., that the development occupies a longer period
than is usually supposed, and for the blue skate (#. bates) I should incline
to the belief that development requires nine or ten months. The oldest
embryo I have yet obtained is figured life-size in figs. 16 and 17; the
yolk-sac attached to the embryo weighed (in spirit) 22 grams. or about
# of an ounce. The rate of development is very different in summer and
in winter. In winter the temperature of the water varied between 44
and 6° C., while it rose to 11° and 12° C. in the early summer months.
Under the latter conditions development proceeds as rapidly again as in
winter, and a stage reached in three months in winter is attained in less
than two in the summer. The material * at my disposal was all that
could be wished, and thus the dimensions of this paper are only limited
by considerations of space and time.
The Breeding and Spawning Periods of the Skate.
To these points but little attention has hitherto been paid, and in the
literature one finds very little information. In volume ii. of his British
Fishes Dr Day has recorded all that he could learn about the breeding
and spawning of the skate. ) |
It must be mentioned that the period of ‘ ripening’ and fertilisation of
the eyg much precedes that of its oviposition. For some weeks at least
the egg undergoes development without the maternal oviduct, and there
it normally lies until the first traces of the embryo appear. Itis then laid
by the mother-skate, and undergoes its subsequent long development at
the bottom of the sea. Eggs taken from the parent skate, as soon as or
after their complete enclosure in the purse, will develop in a perfectly
normal fashion in sea-water. The plan adopted by me was to place the
purses taken from the parent-skate in perforated fish-boxes in the harbour,
and if the purses were good at the start, there was, except in the case of
those of A. curcularis, very little mortality subsequently.
The purses of A. circularis are very tender, and most probably they are
_ only deposited by the parent skate in perfectly sheltered bays, and where
* To Mr George Sim, A.L.S., Aberdeen, and to Messrs J. Murray and W. Mair,
Fishery Officers of the Fishery Board for Scotland, I am chiefly indebted for the
material used in these investigations, My thanks are also due to Mr P. Jamieson,
of the Scientific Staff of the Scottish Fishery Board, for all the trouble and care he
has bestowed on the rearing, &c., of the embryos.
302 Part I[I-—Highth Annual Report
there is little or no current. It is not necessary in this paper to describe
the structure of the male and female reproductive organs of the skate, for
such descriptions can be found in any of the common text-books of
practical zoology. It may, however, be well to recall the fact that the
purse is formed by a special glandular portion of the oviduct, but whether
the process of its formation begins before or after the arrival of the egg =
in the oviduct is not easily decided.* |
Wyman (p. 32) has already expressed the opinion that the purse is
partly formed before the egg leaves the ovary. |
From many circumstances I have also long inclined to this view. One
often finds part of a purse in the oviduct and no yolk or egg within it. |
It appears very likely, nay, almost certain, that the Jower half of the
purse is formed before the egg arrives at the oviducal gland, and that
after the arrival of the egg the closure of the purse is at once effected.
My conclusions. on this matter were confirmed by a circumstance noted,
regarding some shark purses which came into my hands. These were all
perfectly formed, aud had been laid ; that is, they had not been taken from
the present shark. Fully ten per cent. of those purses, though quite
intact and closed up, contained no egg. White was present, but no trace
of a yolk. The only explanation I can give of this circumstance is that
no egg arrived from the ovary in time for reception in the partly formed
purse, and that the purse was completed without ever having contained
a yolk. These abnormal purses were laid in the confinement of an
~ aquarium, and I cannot say that anything of the sort has come under my
notice among the ray-purses in my possession. ft
Fertilisation must be effected in the upper limit of the oviduct.
Of the blue skate (A. batis), Day (vol. ii. p. 336) says that they are
stated to generate in March and April, and that the purses are cast from
May to September. According to Parnell, the young appear in the follow-
ing spring.
I can confirm and extend these statements. On referring to my lists I
find that the greatest number of purses was received in March and April,
and that many of them were only justformed, Purses naturally deposited
have never come into my possession.
For this species of skate I can, however, much extend the period of
reproduction, for I have received purses of &. bates in all months of the
year ; certainly but few in winter and most in the spring.
Hence we must say of the blue skate that the chief time of reproduc-
tion-is in the spring months, March and April, but that some eggs are
developed and fertilised in all the other months of the year.
Of the thornyback skate (2. clavata), Day says that it is doaid in
shallower water than the blue skate. This I also found to be the case,
In the fishing villages on the Firth of Forth it is the form which is caught
nearest inshore. ‘It begins to germinate in June, and brings forth its
young (? eggs) in July and August ’ (Tennant). Much more correct is
the statement of Couch, that the eggs are deposited in May and June.
I can say little of the existence of winter breeding in this form, for
until January [ received no thornyback purses ; from this month they
were obtained in increasing numbers until June. In Holland this skate ©
is caught in abundance in June, and during that month great numbers of
thornyback purses may be found in the fishing boats. After being caught —
the fish have deposited their purses in the boat. us
* Never more than two eygs, one in each oviduct, are found in a single skate. om
+ Since this was written I have met with one completely formed and closed purse a
of R. radiata, which contained no yolk, and another of &. batis also destitute of a
true egg.
pe Le he EP ANE i
A ~ - Ce \
Sha Ve, i* i
4
A
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 303
The Homelyn—or sandy ray .(&. maculata), is said by Couch to lay its
purses in very shallow water. The purses are stated to be smaller than
those of the preceding species ; a fact I caunot confirm, for they appear
to differ in no respect from those of the thornyback. ‘Lhe only lot of
purses I have received came to me on April 11.
As Day states, the starry ray (A. radiata) is essentially northern. I
have never seen a purse of this species froin a fish caught in the Forth,
Lut it is quite possible that some are obtained there, for the starry ray,
though not abundant, is often caught in the Firth of Forth.* All the
purses of the starry ray which I obtained I owe to Mr G. Sim, A.L.8., of
Aberdeen.
Day says nothing of its breeding season. The purses are plentiful at
Aberdeen in February and March, and continue to be got until June at
least.
The cuckoo or sandy ray (2. cércularis) is said by Day (vol. ii. p. 349)
to prefer sheltered bays.
In such places I should presume that it deposits its eggs, for they are
extremely sensitive and difficult to bring to development. Couch makes
some erroneous statements regarding the breeding period. According to
him, it deposits its eggs in December, but yet in July he saw oue with
eggs, some of which appeared almost ready to be shed. In my lists I find
records of purses of this species received from February to June, and I
cannot determine that they were more plentiful in any one of the five
months than in the others,
This species is common at Aberdeen, but the largest purse of A.
curcularis I have as yet seen was taken from a fish caught off Dunbar.
The Egg-Cases or ‘ Purses’ of Skates.
There is no description extant of the ‘ purses’ of the skate common to
our seas. As the egg of each species has, as a rule, a form of purse which
is characteristic of the species, it may be of use to give a description of the
purses of the five species of skate which I have had opportunities of inves-
tigating. ‘There are many points in the structure of the purses which,
apart from other facts of anatomy and development, point to a shark-like
ancestry of modern skates. The purse of &. corcularis (the cuckoo” or
sandy ray) is the most shark-like of any of those I have examined. This
_ remark applies to its form, size, and transparency. Least shark-like are
the purses of the blue skate (7. batis) which are by far the largest
purses of the lot. The smallest purses I have seen are those of the
starry ray (&. radiata), while those of the thornyback and spotted
skate occupy an intermediate position between the extremes of the series.
| The description given of the purse of the thornyback ray (A. clavata)
| appears to apply completely to that of the spotted ray (2. maculata).
_ Of the latter form only one small lot of purses | came into my hands.
The best proof of their practical identity with those of R. clavata is
_ furnished by the following statement. When received by me they were
_ placed with three purses of #. clavata in one of the hatching boxes, and,
on receiving information in a later letter from Mr Sim, of their true
nature, an attempt to distinguish them from the purses of the thornyback
was made, but without success. Until some of those purses are near the
time of hatching, it will be impossible to distinguish between those of the
two species contained in the one box.
* On June 26th two purses of the starry ray were obtained from a skate caught
off Dunbar.
+ I have to thank Mr G. Sim, A.L.S., for these. As he is perhaps the best living
authority on the fishes of the Scottish coast, his statement that the purses were taken
from &. maculata is absolutely trustworthy,
: NH AL ale on ds yin
Tet 4 Haag at tap eX ve
yA Mies a
. oh Aaa, 7 es
' ie oe ik
, ® : i Fe
Aus p ear ee es y ao: {
504 Part 111—-kighth Annual Report .
The Sandy Ray (R. circularis). As previously stated, the purses of this
species are very like those of Selachians. When fresh, they are of an
amber-brown colour, and translucent, or almost transparent. When they a.
have lain in sea-water, the colour deepens, but the translucency remains. __
A flattened side of the purse, so characteristic of those of the. other
four species, is not obvious. The purse is curved somewhat in a S-shaped —
fashion, and its walls are composed of finer horny fibres than those of the ‘q
other species.
The purse of the skate may be described as composed of a body, which”
at each end is prolonged into a pair of hollow horns. The purse of the —
sandy ray does not possess strings for its attachment, nor are the horns
drawn out into long filaments for this purpose, as those of the Selachian
purse. The body of the purse is about 24 inches long and 12 inches broad. _
The horns are a pair of short ones (14 inches long) at the lower or |
first formed end of the purses, and a pair of much longer ones (4 inches
in length) at the upper end. a
The usual small apertures leading into the cavity of the horn are found —
on the inner side of the tips of the horns. Unlike those of sharks, the —
filamentous ends of the horns are not coiled in the form of a spiral thread,
nor do they approach anything like the length of the spiral thread of the ‘Wiad
shark purse, where they exceed several feet. ae
The Starry Ray (&. radiata). The purse of this form is the smallest —
of the five. It is always quite flat on one side, and strongly convex on —
the other. The embryo is usually found under the flattened side of the —
purse.* Unlike the egg-case of the preceding form, the purse of the —
starry ray is quite opaque. It is composed of coarsely beaded fibres of a —
deep olive green colour, inclining to black. The whole purse, including —
horns, measures some 44 inches. Of this length about 2 inches goes to -
the body of the purse, z.e., to the part containing the egg. This part of ©
the egg-case is slightly over 1% inches broad at its widest portion, and
about half an inch thick at the centre or point of greatest convexity. The
lower horns are rather more than 1 inch long and the upper ones exceed
14 inches. ‘
The lateral margins of the purse are somewhat flattened at the seam, |
as in that of &. clavata, and a few fixing filaments are usually present _
near the lower end. They are, however, very rudimentary in this and
the other sea except &. batis. The yolk of the egg is very small, and —
not more than # of an inch in diameter; it is usually of a beautiful rosy
colour. 4
The Blue Skate (hk. batis). The egg-case of this species exceeds that e
of any of the others very much in size and weight. When freshly taken
from the oviduct of the mother-skate, the purse is of a greenish yellow
colour, which after exposure to sea-water for some time darkens to a dull
olive-green, and finally becomes almost black. Its extreme length is fully
9 inches, with a breadth of 34 to 34 inches, and at the point of greatest
convexity the purse is about an inch thick. The egg-case is built up
of less coarsely beaded fibres than that of the starry ray. As in the
other forms, the lower end of the purse is closed in a crescont phate
fashion, the upper and last-closed end being more squarely rounded off.
The horns of the two ends project inwardly. They are shorter in pro- :
portion than those of the starry ray, projecting beyond the body of the
purse at the lower end for about 14 inches. The upper horns are rather |
shorter, about an inch in length, pul somewhat twisted or curled. Ong
* Because the yolk sac turns more easily to the position of stable equilibrium,
, with the embryo uppermost, when the curved surface of the purse is on ‘the
bs Ss side. ,
“* 7
“Fae
e. £ i "
r% “Fodatnaa i
‘yi
of the Fishery Board for Scotland 305
each side of the body of the purse, close to the origin of the lower horns,
a large number of long silky fibres or strings are attached to the margin
of the purse. These fibres are silky, soft, and sticky when fresh, but
they become. more consistent on exposure to sea-water. Their purpose
is obviously to anchor the purse to a rock, weed, or other suitable object.
Fishermen state that sometimes in summer, when the skate may deposit
its purses after being hooked, the purses stick to the lines by these threads
and are drawn up to the surface. At the extremities of the horns on the
inner side the usual slit-like apertures are found. From these in old
purses a little of the white of the egg may project. In the purse of the
blue skate it is somewhat difficult to distinguish which is the flatter side,
under which, as a rule, the embryo lies. The yolk measures some 24 inches
in diameter, and is of a pale yellow or greenish colour—rarely rosy.
The Thornyback Skate (R. clavata). The purses of this form occupy a
position intermediate between those of the other species. They are of
a deep-green colour, and become almost black in the sea-water. Including
the horns, the purse measures rather over 6 inches in length, with a
breadth of from 24 to 22 inches. The thickness varies from 4 an inch
to # of an inch. ‘The contrast of a flattened and a convex side is always
as well marked as in the starry ray. The egg-case is opaque. The lower
horns are short, usually ? of an inch in length, the upper ones long, like
those of #. circularis, and rather over 2 inches long. The margins of
the purse are broad and much flattened. The purse is built up of fine
beaded threads. Filaments of attachment, if present, are very rudiment-
ary. The yolk is often rosy in colour, but sometimes pale yellow, and
has a diameter in the young egg of 14 inches. The white, as in the other
cases, is clear, transparent, and jelly-like, in later development it becomes
very watery. As previously stated the egg-cases of the spotted skate (R.
maculata) appear to differ in no respect from those of the thornyback.*
The Development of the Blue Skate (R. batis).
| — In fig. 1 a figure of one of the early stages of the segmentation is given.
The germinal disc of the egg was prepared from a specimen freshly taken
| from the oviduct of a skate. The section figured reveals the presence of
a limited number of rather large segmentation cells, which form a layer of
about three cells deep on the surface of the yolk. From the upper surface
of the latter new cells are being added to those already formed. The
outermost layer of the cells is somewhat more regular than the inner
layers, and forms an epithelium,—it may already be spoken of as the epi-
blastic layer. ach cell is but roughly spherical, perhaps better wedge-
shaped ; it contains a nucleus, and is filled with yolk particles.
__In the yolk are seen a few of the wandering cells or ‘ merocytes’ (me)
of Riickert.
_ At this stage the germinal area has a diameter of about 3 mm.
_ The following stage is rather more advanced (fig. 2).. The section is
| from a germinal disc of a period in which the segmentation, in a strict
| younger than the one depicted in fig. 9, pl. 2, of Balfour’s monograph.
| The figure was drawn under the same magnification as the preceding
| one, and the much smaller size of the segmentation cells is obvious,
| . In size the germinal area has not grown appreciably larger than it was
| in the stage of fig. 1.
__ ™ From the size (which is far too small to apply to the purses of R. batis), structure,
_ form of horns, colour and filaments, the purses described by Wyman appear to
resemble very closely those of &. maculata. This species is perhaps identical with,
_ or closely allied to, the R. oculata of the American seas. ©
U
sense, is almost completed. The figure is from a specimen slightly .
bi
ee a 3 =
(Son
©.
<
~
>
. : we
La a
ek
Sew lve ees
*
>
ae.
Fa
ed
.
vies ae
-7
or
i >
a.
Be sine 2
306 Part IIL.——Eighth Annual Report
The outermost cells form a well-marked layer, the epiblast, though
whether this designation of the layer as alone forming the epiblast —
is perfectly justifiable, is open to question. It appears certain that —
many of the lower cells have arisen from the outer layer. Below the
outer layer lies a mass of cells which shows no order; the cells resting
on a coneave depression of the yolk. In the yolk itself (y.c.) many celle
formed in it, and in process of wandering into the blastoderm are seen.
Besides these elements lying in the yolk, a number of ‘merocytes’—
many more than in the preceding stage, are also met with. These cells
to which Riickert assigns a role in the formation of blood-corpuscles, have
been more fully investigated by Ziegler, who has pointed out that they
never show the phenomenon of ‘ indirect’ or karyokinetie cell division,
but that they undergo ‘fragmentation.’ He holds that they are, in fact,
degenerating cells or nuclei, and that they are concerned in causing or
producing some changes in the yolk itself. Ziegler has shown that the
blood is formed from quite another source.
It is interesting to recall in this connection the ‘fibrine ferment’ of the
blood, which, according to A. Schmidt and Gamgee, is produced from the
nuclei of the white corpuscles, and which induces the coagulation of the
blood. In a similar fashion the ‘merocytes’ may be supposed to produce
some ‘ferment’ by their degeneration, which initiates such changes im
the yolk as render it fit for absorption, and of use to the embryo in
building up its tissues.
The “succeeding stage (stage iv. of Kastschenko’s nomenclature). i is
figured in surface view of the entire germinal disc in fig. 4.
It is more particularly described as the stage of a visible engincicabioe |
eavity (s.c., figs. 3 and 4). In this. figure (in section in fig. 3 along the
line marked in fig. 4) a great aggregation of the lower cells has taken
place towards one end of the germinal dise. This is the preliminary te
the formation of the embryo, and in the following stage we shall see the
first traces of the future embryo formed at this thickened end.
The segmentation cavity (s.c.) is bounded on the outside partially by
‘epiblast,’ and partially by segmentation cells, mside and laterally by
segmentation cells (fc.) and the yolk (y).
In fig. 5 we have a surface view of the first radiments of the embryo, in
the form of a semi-lunar thickening of the rim of the germinal disc (e.t.).
This embryo, which may reach this stage in two or three weeks during the __
summer months, requires five or six weeks for its development to the
same point in the cold winter months.
Development now goes on somewhat more rapidly, and we soon see air
outgrowth or knob from the central portion of the semilunar embryonic
thickening towards the centre of the germinal area (fig. 6). The axis of
this is the long axis of the future skate, and its pointed end is the anterior
or head end.
In fig. 7,* which shows only the embryonic portion of the blastodermic _
area, the process has grown apace, and now forms a lancet-shaped curved
plate. The embryo, for so it may be called, grows forwards at the expense _
of the lateral thickenings of the embryonic rim (/.r.). The groove (6) at
the hinder end of the disc is part of the blastopore, still open over the
olk. |
. The next figure (fig. 8) is characterised by the commencing formation H
of the medullary groove (m.g.) along the axis of the embryo. It formsa
spoon-shaped depression, which does not yet reach to the anterior end of |
the embryo. The figure corresponds to Balfour’s stage C. ”
In fig. 9 (1). of Balfour) the anterior end of the embryo has broadened oa
* Figs. 5 and 7 correspond to stages A and B of Balfour’s nomenclature,
+2 4 < a ak
‘'t ot NAY mye ee :
‘| a ee Py 2 ; : ,
. st
of the. Fishery Board for Scotland. 307
- out. This widened portion (A) is the rudiment of foundation of the
future brain-region of the skate. The embryo has grown somewhat in
length. The medullary groove is deeper, and in the following phase (fig.
10) the medullary folds (m.f.) are commencing to grow upwards and in-:
wards as a preliminary to the closing in of the central nervous system.
This upgrowth reaches its maximum in fig. 11, where towards the middle
region of the embryo the folds meet. The steps of the closure would
require several figures for their illustration. The first fusions of the folds
are usually at two points ; the one lying about the middle of the embryo,
the: other a little further back.
* The stage of almost complete closure of the folds is depicted in fig. 12 ;
sis only points still left open lie at the extreme anterior and posterior
ends of the neural axis. The anterior opening also soon closes. A fictitious
importance, both physiological and morphological, has been attached to it
by Van Wyhe and one or two others; but it is beyond the limits of my
subject to enter into any discussion of that matter in this paper.
' In figures of the embryo, as an opaque object, nothing of the internal
structure is revealed, but it may be stated that at this period considerable:
differentiation has taken place within the embryo, especially in the meso-
blast. In the stage figured in fig. 11, some 25 or 26 mesoblastic somites
had been formed. In fig. 12 a few more were present. In fig. 11 there
was hardly any trace of a tail swelling, but this structure, which forms
the future tail of the skate, is well marked in fig. 12 (¢.s.).
It becomes raised above the level of the blastoderm, and begins to grow
backwards, and soon forms a long process. In the stage of fig. 12 the
| first gill cleft is also in course of formation.
Some of the following stages are best studied in preparations of embryos
stained and mounted whole as transparent objects. Figs 13, 14, and 15
are from such preparations. In these figures much of the internal
structure of the embryo is represented.
The embryo of fig. 13 measured about 5°8 mm. It was well raised’
| and folded off from the gigantic yolk-sac, from which it draws the supplies
of nutrition for its subsequent growth through the medium of its blood,
which has already commenced to be formed. In that yolk-sac lies its.
en for the next six months at least (Raja batis).
_ By the rapid growth of the brain (6) the cranial flexure, so character-
istic of elasmobranch and some other vertebrate embryos, has commenced.
The mouth has not yet broken through, but the point at which it will be
formed can be seen as a depression at m. At this point also the hypo-
physis cerebri, or rather its oral portion, will also arise. Whatever the
meaning of this structure may be, its close connection with the formation
of the mouth is a point which should not be lost sight of. The anus is
also not yet developed—it arises late in all elasmobranch fishes.
The neural canal (n.c.) is wide, and communicates posteriorly with the
cavity of the alimentary canal (a.c.) by means of the ‘neurenteric canal’
(n.c.). The notochord (n.o0.) is now entirely split off from the endoderm or
hypoblast along nearly its entire length, posteriorly and in front of the
neurenteric canal it is fused with or passes into the floor of the medullary
tube above, and the endoderm or hypoblast below.
_. In the anterior.end of the embryo, the nose (not seen in the figure) is
represented by a pair of epiblastic thickenings. The primary optic
vesicles (o.) which will form the sensory portion of the future eye, are
_ present as a pair of outgrowths from the anterior cerebral vesicle. The
pineal body (p.6.) can be seen as a minute structure lying on the roof of
the hinder portion of the anterior cerebral vesicle. ‘The auditory organ
{au.) is represented by a vesicle. | |
ar s \
LE Ue ee Pe. . . » aN) ay
ee TT CE Pen eee — el a eee rg, aes» 7
308 Part III—EKighth Annual Report
The foundations of two of the gill-clifts (g.c.), and traces of a third are
also seen. Some 46 mesoblastic somites (structures which give rise sub- —
sequently to most of the muscles and also to much of the deeper portion
of the skin) can be made out. In front of these somites 2 others sub-
sequently appear, and behind them the formation of new ones goes on
until upwards of i30 are present. In this stage the pronephros and some _
portion of the segmental dust are already present. In the next stage
represented (fig. 14) the embryo had grown SoNED a in length, It-
measured 7°5 mm, ;
Four gill-clifts (g.c.) were present, and a fifth was in course of formation.
While the preceding embryo corresponds to stage H of Balfour, this one
is from the latter half of the stage J, as defined by Van Wyhe. Some 68
somites could be counted. The figure shows how these decrease in size —
from before backwards, The neurenteric canal is still present, It ©
apparently persists as long as mesoblastic somites are being formed. !
In the brain no great changes can be noted as regards external appear-
ance. In the eye the formation of the lens has commenced. The ear
shows no appreciable difference from the preceding stage.
The mouth opening is not yet formed, but the oral part of the hypo-
physis cerebri (hy.) is seen as an involution of epiblast towards the floor of
the brain. Five well-marked gill-slits are characteristic of the following
stage ; the need of a limitation of the number of figures has prevented —
its representation, and, as it is not shown, I shall not describe it in this
aper.
/ The embryo of the following figure (fig. 15) had the full complement
of 6 gill-clifts, and more than 100 somites were present. Their exact
number could not be determined, owing to a slight malformation and
curling-up of the tail of the embryo, In other respects the embryo was —
perfectly normal.
Only the anterior end of the embryo is depicted. It measured fully
double the length of the part shown in fig, 14, |
The mouth is formed, and all the gill-clifts are freely open towards the —
exterior, The most anterior (the future spiracular clift) is already under-
going constriction in its ventral portion. On the posterior margins of ©
the hyoid, first, second, and third branchial arches, the first rudiments of the
external gill-filaments (¢.g.) (about which more is written in another
section of this paper), are seen as small processes. These grow larger and
larger, blood-vessels are also developed with them and within them (in the
form of a looped tube in each filament), the number of these filaments —
increases, and shortly there projects a bunch of these filaments from each
of the five posterior clifts. The spiracular cleft never possesses them. —
The heart (ht.) is now very obvious, and at this stage, and earlier, actively.
performs its functions. Along the umbilical cord (u.c.), the vessel which J
brings blood back from the yolk-sac is seen passing to the heart, and —
from the anterior end of the latter organ the branchial aorta (0. a.) 18
shown lying below the gill-clifts. He
The lens (7) of the eye has separated from the ectoderm, the true ratinata <
(7) is in course of development, and the outer layer (pr.) of what was the
secondary optic vesicle, is already pigmented in some places; itis the —
future ‘pigment layer of the choroid.’ The ear (a.u.), though larger, —
has undergone but little differentiation ; the auditory nerve (viiI.) is seen
applied to it. In front of this nerve, and fused with it, is seen the large-
facial nerve (vu.) passing to the spiracular cleft, with the upper wall of —
which it is fused. At the point of this fusion (a fusion with a patch of —
sensory epithelium over each of the gill-clefts) the foundation of the future
organs of the lateral line or lateral sense organs takes place in the case of each
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 309
gill-cleft, as I showed some years ago. It would extend this paper too
much to say more about this question now. In front of the facial nerve
lies the fifth nerve (v.) and behind the auditory organ the glossopharyngeal
nerve (Ix.) and vagus nerve (x.) are seen. I now pass over many stages,
and proceed to describe the oldest embryo I have till now obtained.
~The embryo is shown life-size in figs. 16 and 17.
It is fully 9 centimetres in length. The purse from which the embryo
was taken had lain in sea-water for at least six winter months, and none
| _ the less the embryo still had a large yolk-sac attached to it, and must have
been some two or three mouths distant from the time at which, in the
natural course of events, it would have ‘hatched out.’ The yolk-sac
weighed (in spirit preparation) 22 grms., so that a good supply of food
material was still present in it.
The undescribed stages between this embryo and the preceding one
would have shown us, among other things, the development and degenera-
_ tion of the anal fins originally described by Wyman. In this embryo
there is no trace of them.
The younger embryos described and figured were shark-like in appear-
ance. Any zoologist would recognise the present one as that of a skate.
The broadened anterior paired fins and the long, striking tail are very
characteristic. At this stage the proportionate size of tail to body is much
greater than in the young skate.
Fig. 16 is a dorsal view. Attention may be drawn more particularly to
the greatly developed eyes (o.) the spiracular cleft (s.p.) just behind the eyes,
some greatly developed canals of the future mucous or sensory tubes,
(s.t.) and the unpaired fins (u.f.). In the figure of the ventral aspect,
the mouth (m.) and nostrils (m.o./.0.), the numerous and long external gill-
filaments, the stump of the cut umbilical cord, the anus, and the posterior
paired fins must be noted. What appear to be the rudiments of the
claspers show that the embryo would probably have been a male skate.
When the purse containing the living embryo was opened, the beautiful
bright red appearance of the gill-filaments, and of the numerous blood-
vessels in the anterior fins, attracted the eye at once. A considerable
amount of what appeared to be sea-water was also contained in the purse,
and in this fluid the gill-filaments floated loosely. |
The External Gill-Filaments of the Skate-E’mbryo.
~The bright red external gills which are such striking objects in advanced
stages of development, are structures over whose meaning many zoologists
have puzzled themselves. Home, Cuvier, Davy and Johannes Miiller were
perhaps the first to pay much attention to them. Davy assumed that one
of their purposes was to absorb the yolk from the yolk-sac, an explana-
tion Miller was inclined to accept.
~ Others (Home and. Wyman) have seen in these structures respira-
tory organs, and in order to support their views have assumed that sea-
water finds its way through the slits, previously described in the horns of
the purse, into the body of the egg-case. Wyman (p. 32) even speaks of
‘an inward and outward flow of water which passes through the egg
during incubation.’ It is needless to say that such an inward and out-
ward current is non-existent, indeed, there is no mechanism present in the
egg which would cause such a current to flow.
- As Hartog has recently pointed out (with reference to another animal in
which sea-water is present within the animal), it is unnecessary to assume an
outward and inward flow in the case of an animal living in sea-water.
What holds for an animal in sea-water applies also to the skate-purse.
510 Part IIT —Kighth Annual Report
The ordinary laws of endosmosis and exosmosis are quite sufficient to ac-
count for the presence of sea-water in the egg capsule, and to provide for its —
aération. That the slits have some other function I feel quite certain, and
possibly this has something to do with the preservation of the vital
contents of the egg under different pressures (either natural or accidental).
The yolk-absorbing function of these filaments has been maintained by —
Dohrn, who believed that he had detected a yolk-emulsion in the blood ¢on-
tained in the vessels uf the filaments. At first, Dohrn says, he attached
no importance to the appearance, but when he afterwards found the same
yolk-emulsion in the roots and main trunks of the branchial arteries,
he began to make further investigations. These taught him that not
only were the gill-filaments full of this emulsion, but also the blood-cor-
puscles themselves of the filaments were filled with it.
As Dohrn never investigated this matter on living embryos, his ntdopdhen |
remain incomplete. I have studied the gill-filaments of skate embryos in
both live and preserved specimens. In none of those specimens and in
none of my numerous preparations of other elasmobranch embryos of aH
ages have I been able to detect any trace of a yolk-emulsion. Dohrn also
referred, in support of his argument, to the bladder-like widening of the end
of the gill-filament of Raja and some other forms. I have figured a
specimen showing this widening in fig. 18, which is taken from a filament
of an embryo blue skate aged 23 weeks. One does not meet with this
appearance in every gill-filament, and, for my part, I explain the widen-
ing as due to a simple hypertrophy of the capillary vessel, which results
in a slower flow of the blood, and gives opportunities for its ingreased
aération.
There are many interesting morphological questions which arise in con-
nection with the gill-filaments, but this is not the place for their discussion:
The filaments arise very early as buds or processes on the hinder border
of all the true branchial arches.. Their development has been described
by Dohrn, and it is figured by me in surface view in fig. 15 (bf). A
much later stage, in which the filaments are functionally active, is shown
in fig. 17 (6.f.). An embryo enclosed in a strong shell like that of the
skate-purse cannot breathe after the manner usual to fishes, even when its
muscles, etc. are well developed. It must either breathe by its yolk-sac
circulation or by some other special apparatus. The yolk-sac circulation
is increased in such forms as Mustelus, in which a sort of placenta is
formed, but here the gill-filaments also help. Above the fishes, 2.¢.,
beginning with the reptiles, the allantois takes the place of external gills, —
and initiates the formation.of the placenta. In the bony-fishes in which —
external gill-filaments, like those of elasmobranchs, are never formed, a very.
different sort of respiration may be established, if needed. I am now
referring to the young of the viviparous Blenny (Zoarces viviparus), which.
grows for some eight or nine months within the mother. My friend, Mr
J. C. Mitchell, drew my attention to numerous large intestinal villi in the
intra-uterine young of this species. These are very vascular, and from the
curious muscular and barrel-shaped structure of the intestine, I do not
doubt, though as yet I cannot prove it, that the intestine in the intra-
uterine life of this form functions as a respiratory organ. o
In the skate-embryo the filaments are said to disappear shortly Secs |
hatching. It may be expected that their atrophy commences when the —
purse ruptures sufficiently to allow of the passage of sea-water directly to,
the embryo. Then the ordinary piscine mode of ceentraian would, be
initiated, and the external gills would disappear.
PLATEIX.
| Beard dei
Ma
a A
7
PLATE X.
}
PLATE XI,
ie OE SE FS
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 311
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
The figures, except figs. 16 and 17, were drawn by means of the camera
lucida.
Aan Letters.
a.c. alimentary canal. ms. somites.
Ge ana sos m.c. neurenteric canal.
aw. earl) % | no. notochord.
b hecblopdey,.2o." 0. ° eye.
br. brain. ol.o. olfactory organ.
b.o. branchial aorta. p.b. pineal body.
b.v. blood-vessel. | | pr. pigment layer of retina,
c. claspers. Neds" : r.- retina.
e. epiblast. s.t. sensory tubes.
ept. epithelium. panes sp. spiracle.
e.g. external gill. bo tail,
gc. gill clefts. | | «ce. umbilical cord.
At. heart. u.f. unpaired fins.
hy. hypophysis. v. trigeminus nerve.
ho) cdens, vw. facial nerve.
m. site of mouth. viii, auditory nerve.
m.c. medullary canal. ix. glossopharyngeal nerve.
me.c. mesoblast cells. | @ vagus nerve.
me. merocytes.
Fig. 1. Superficial segmentation.
Fig. 2. Deep segmentation.
Fig. 3. Shows segmentation cavity in section.
Fig. 4. Entire blastoderm of preceding stage, aged thirty-one days,
Fig. 5. First embryonic thickening, forty days.
Fig. 6. Embryo of fifty-four days (winter).
Fig. 7. Embryo of ten weeks (winter).
Fig. 8. Embryo of eleven and a half weeks (winter),
Fig. 9. Embryo of twelve weeks (winter).
Fig. 10.. Embryo of about twelve weeks (winter).
Fig. 11. Embryo of nearly fourteen weeks (winter),
Fig. 12. Embryo of fourteen weeks (winter).
Fig. 13. Embryo of thirteen and a half weeks (spring), length 5°8 mm.
Fig. 14. Embryo of eleven weeks (early summer), length 7°5 mm.
Fig. 15. Head end of embryo of F#. clavata.
Fig. 16. Dorsal view of embryo of six months, life size.
Fig.’ 17. The same as seen from the ventral aspect. :
Fig. 18. End of an external gill-filament of an embryo twenty-three weeks
old. x60 diameters.
All the figures, except fig. 15, refer to 2. batis.
312 Part III—Kighth Annual Report
VII.— ADDITIONS TO THE FAUNA OF THE FIRTH OF FORTH. a
By Tuomas Scott, F.L.S. (Plates XII., XIIL)
In the present paper there are recorded over 90 species not previously
recognised as belonging to the fauna of the Firth of Forth. A few of —
these are now recorded for the first time for the east of Scotland, one or
two are additions to the British fauna, and one or two new to science.
Most of them were obtained last year, during the investigations carried __ |
on on board the ‘Garland,’ since the publication of the Seventh Annual —
Report, only a few having been obtained earlier, but not determined in
time to be included in either of the two previous papers on the Forth
fauna.*
The forms here recorded belong exclusively to the Invertebrata, and
comprise 23 species of Foraminifera, 61 species of Crustacea, and 7 species
of Mollusca. Other invertebrate groups are being studied, and informa-
tion as to their distribution, &c., collected with a view to publication later
on. :
As was pointed out in a previous paper, the study of the marine In-
vertebrata, from a fishery point of view, is of considerable interest and
importance. As regards the Crustacea, the Rev. A. M. Norman says
(Museum Normaniarum, part 3) :—‘I venture to prophecy that when the
‘ Crustacean Fauna of the Arctic and Temperate regions shall have been
‘ thoroughly investigated, it will hereafter be found to embrace not less
‘than 5000 species. It was little suspected a generation ago that the
* Crustacea is the class which undoubtedly embraces more forms than any
‘ other outside the Insecta.’ The scientific investigations carried out under
the directions of the Fishery Board have helped very much to prove that
the Crustacea is also one of the most important groups—if not the most
important of the Invertebrata—that constitute the food supply of fishes, |
The movements of fishes are also undoubtedly partly influenced by the
prevalence in particular localities of invertebrate forms which they, for
the time being, may be partial to as a source of food. The study there-
fore of the distribution, habits, and life-histories of the Invertebrata —
should hold a place next in importance to the study of the food, distribu-
tion, habits, spawning, and development of the fishes themselves. This
study has been and is being carried on from year to year on board the
‘Garland,’ along with the other and more important fishery investiga-
tions, as opportunity offers, and the present and previous similar papers
are the results of an attempt to collect all the information within reach
bearing on the distribution and habits of these lower forms of life,
especially within the area of the Firth of Forth.
The information contained in these papers, especially in the present
one and in the one published last year, is mainly the outcome of a
personal examination of the various organisms referred to in them; and
though the restricted area to which the information principally applies
imparts to it a value which is perhaps chiefly of local importance, yet the
more thorough and accurate the information relating to the fauna of
separate areas becomes, its value will increase tenfold, because reliable
comparisons of various kinds will become possible, and from these com-
parisons theories and principles of great importance may be worked out.
There has also resulted a wider acquaintance with, and greater certainty
311, 1889.
on
Py
* Sixth Ann. Report, Part iii. p. 285, 1888 ; Seventh Ann. Report, Part iti, p. 4
y,
at
yy
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 313
in identifying, the different objects observed in the stomachs of fishes ; and
therefore more satisfactory and reliable information respecting the food of
fishes is now being collected.
-In preparing this paper the following among other works have been
‘consulted :—
1850. Baird, British H’ntomostraca.
1868. Williamson, Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain.
1870. H. B. Brady, “The Foraminifera of Tidal Rivers, Annals and
. Magazine of Natural History.
1884. Foraminifera of the Challenger Hxpedition.
Bh Gis "Brady, Monograph of the British Copepoda.
1868. 3 Monograph of Recent British Ostracoda.
1870. “ and David Robertson, Zhe Ostracoda of Tidal
Rivers.
1889, % and A. M. Norman, Monograph of the Marine and
Fresh Water Ostracoda of the North Atlantic
and North-Western Europe.
1863. Bate and Westwood, British Sessile-eyed Crustacea.
1872. G. O. Sars, Monograph of the Norwegian Myside.
1876-79. ,, Monograph of the Mediterranean Myside and
Cumacea.
1862-69. J. G. Jefireys, British Conchology.
I have also to acknowledge the kindness of Professor G. S. Brady,
F.R.S., Dr H. B. Brady, F.R.S., the Rev. A. M. Norman, D.C.L., F.L.S.,
Rey. T. R. R. Stebbing, F.L.S., and Mr David Robertson, F.L.S., F.G.S.,
in. naming obscure and difficult species. Indeed, but for the help of these
gentlemen, this paper could not possibly have been so full or so valuable.
FORAMINIFERA.
4 am indebted to Mr Robertson for indentifying a few of the species
- in this group mentioned below ; and also for notes of the occurrence of
others which have not as yet come under my own observation.
MILIOLIDA.
Mitiotina tricarinata (d’Orbigny).
- Triloculina tricarinata, @’Orb., Ann. Sci. Nat., tome vii. p. 277,
No. 7 a; Modelé, No. 94 (1826).
Miliolina tricarinata, H. B. Brady, Foram. Chall. Exped., p. 165,
pl. ili. fig. 17, a) (1884).
_ Habitat.—Vicinity of Bass Rock. This species is easily distinguished?
from M. trigonula by the three sharp keel-like ridges extending from end
to end and about equidistant from each other. It is much rarer in the
Forth then ©. trigonula.
Miliolina fused, Brady.
Mitiolina fusca, Brady, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. iv., vol. vi.
p. 286, pl. xi. fig. 2, a—-c (1870).
Miliolina ‘fusca, Robertson, Fauna and Flora of the W. of Sselend,
p. 51 (1876).
Habitat.—Brackish water pools by the shore near Aberlady, common.
This is an arenaceous species. It is much smaller than M/. agglutinans,
and frequently dark brownish in colour. It is considered to be a some-
what rare species, and seems confined to water more or less brackish.
ES a PEt
314 Part III —Kighth Annual Report
ASTRORHIZEDA, ; , |
Psammosphera fusca, F, E. Schulze. |
Psammosphera fusca, F, E. Schulze, UU. Jahresberichte d. Knbty ‘
Untersucht d. deutsch. Meere., p. 113, pl. ii: fig. 8, af
(1874).
Psammosphera fusca, H. B. Brady, Foram. of the Chall. sack > De
249, pl. xviii. figs. 1-8 (1884).
Habitat,—East of Inchkeith, not common. This species has been mi
obtained off Loch Scavaig, Skye, in 45 to 60 fathoms. It has also been
found in seven of the Challenger stations in the South Atlantic in depths
of from 150 to 2800 fathoms, and in the North Atlantic from 440 to 2750
fathoms.
LITUOLIDA.
Reophax fusiformis (Williamson).
Proteonino fusiformis, Williamson, Rec. Foram. Gt. Brit., p. 1,
pl. i. fig. 1 (1858). , :
Reophax fusiformis, H. B. Brady, op. cit., p. 290, pl. xxx. figs.
7-11 (1884).
Habitat.—Largo Bay, off St Monance, and other parts. of the Forth,
but nowhere very common—a much more robust species than R.
scorpiurus. |
Reophas nodulosa (?) H. B. Brady. i
Reophax nodutosa, Brady, * Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci.,. vol. xix.
N. 8., p. 52, pl. iv., figs. 7, 8 (1879) ; Brady, Foram. in
Exped., p. 394, pl. xxii, figs. 1-9 (1884). |
Habitat.—Off St Monance, Largo Bay, and other parts of the Forth,
frequent. This is a very variable species as regards size. The Forth
specimens are very small, but H. B. Brady says (ep. cit.) that there are
specimens of this species which are amongst the very largest. of recent
arenaceous Foraminifera. . | |
Reophax findens (Parker).
Lituola findens, Parker (in Dawson’s paper) Canad. ‘Nat. vol. v.
N.S., p. 177, pl. 180 fig. 1 (1870).
Reophax findens, H. B. Brady, Foram. of the Chall. Exp), p. 299,
pl. xxxi. figs, 10-11 (1884).
Habitat.—East of Inchkeith, not verycommon. The uty other British
examples are from the estuary of the Dee, N. Wales (J. D. Siddal).
There appears to be no other authenticated British pao 2 for ar
species. |
Ammodiscus gordialis (Jones and Parker). yee
Trochamina squamata gordialis, Jones and Parker, Quart. Jour.
Geol. Soc., vol. xvi. p. 304 (1860).
_Ammodiscus gordialis, H: B. aan op. Cit. p. 333, > Pl. Xxxviii,
figs. 7-9.
Habitat.—Aberlady Bay, rather rare, westiotare arenaceous, colour e 3
brownish ; the test consists of a tube coiled upon aie in an haecaney
manner, inclining to complanate. :. ~
4
ai
* There is some diversity of opinion as to whether the organisms here referred io
R. nodulosa are foraminiferal ; it i therefore with some hesitation that they are
included in the present list.
‘of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 315
Trochamina inflata (Montagu). |
» Nautilis eflata, Montagu, Test. Brit., Suppl., p. 81, pl. xviii
. fig. 3 (1808).
Rotalina inflata, Willameon, Rec. Foram. Gt. Brit. ., p. 50, pl. iv.
figs. 93, 94 (1858).
Trochamina ‘inglata, H. B. Brady, op. cit., p. 338, pl. xli. fig. 4, a—c.
of Inchkeith, and others parts of the Forth; rare, except at Aberlady,
where it is comparatively common. This seems to be an inshore, rather
than a deep water species. Colour brownish.
- Trochamina macrescens (?) Brady.
Trochamana inflata, var. macrescens, Brady, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. iv. vol. vi. p, 290, pl. x1. fig. 5, a-c. (1870).
Prochemind' macrescens, Robertson, Fauna aed. Flora of the W. of
. Scotland, p. 51, (1876).
. Habitat. With the last, but not so common ; the cells of this species
are concave above and below, and look as if the sides had been partially
being frequently only flattened—probably a form of H. canariense.
Trochamina, ochracea (Williamson).
Rotalina ochracea, Williamson, Rec. For. Gt. Brit., p. 55, pl Iv.
fig. 112; pl. v. fig. 113 (1858).
Trochamina. ochraced, HB, prey Foram. of the Chall. Exp.;
~ p. 838 :(1884).
Ht abitat.—Off St Monance, common; other parts of the Forth rather rare.
This is a very'small species, ‘and,’ as Brady remarks, ‘composed of a large
number of segments.’ ‘On the inferior side the septal lines are arcuate,
-‘flexuose, and very prominent. It is not uncommon in the British seas,
though not previously recorded for the Forth.
TEXTULARIDA.
Textularia gramen, d’Orbigny.
Textularia gramen, d’Orbigny, For. Foss. Vien., p. 248, sh XM,
oe | figs..4+6 (1846).
Textularia Ci H. B. Brady, op. cit., p. 365, pl. xiii. figs.
9-10.
Habitat.—Off St Monance, and from other parts of the Forth. This
seems to be a generally distributed species. The test is of an elongated
tapering form, is not so compressed as 7’. sagittula,'and the lateral edges
-are-rounded instead of being sharply keeled.
Teutularia variabilis, Williamson.
bo peel ig amay variabilis, Williamson, frac! Foram. ‘Ct. Brit., the pl.
gs
+ Habitat.—Granton Harbour (David. Robertson),
Widen filiformis, Berthelin. -
Gaudryina filiformis, Berthelin, Mém, Soc. een France, ser. 3,
atk vol, i. No.5, p. 25; pl. i, fig. 8 (1880).
' Gaudryina Jiliformis, H. B, Brady, Foram. of the Chall. Exp. p.
+) , 380, pl. xlvi.. fig. 12, @ 6 ¢ (1884).
‘Habitat.—East of Inchkeith, not very common, '
Bulinvina elegans, d’Orbigny. -
t Basliistina elegans, d’ Debits Ann. Sei, Nat, vol. vii. p. 270, No.
10; Modelé, No. 9 (1826).
Bulimina elegans, oad op. cit., p. 398, pl. 1. figs. 1-4.
~ Habitat. —Brackish water pools by the shore near Aberlady ; vicinity
crushed in. The cells are not all equally concave, those in’ the centre —
316 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
Habitat.—Bo’ness (David Robertson). East of Inchkeith, not un-—
common. In this species the cells are arranged in a triserial manner, and
the shell tapers gradually towards the apex, it is thus distinctly different
from B. elegantissima, d’Orb.
Bulimina fusiformis, Williamson.
Bulimina pupoides, var. fusiformis, Williamson, Rec. Foram. Gt.
Brit., p. 63, pl. v. figs. 129-130 (1868).
Habitat.—East of Inchkeith, not common.
LAGENIDA.
Lagena pulchella, Brady.
Lagena pulchella, H. B. Brady, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. iv.,
vol. vi. p. 294; pl. xii. fig. 1, a. 6. (1870).
Habitat.—Granton Harbour (David Babertéon). This species has a
tricarinate form, and the ‘‘ convex” faces are ornamented with irregular
longitudinal, branching coste. oh a
Lagena melo (d’Orbigny).
Oolina melo, d’Orbigny, Form. Amer. Merid., p. 20, pl. v. fe. 9
(1839).
Halitat.—Granton Harbour (David Robertson).
Polymorphina compressa, d’Orbigny (fistulose variety).
Polymorphina compressa, @Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Vien., p. 233,
pl. xii. figs. 32-34 (1846).
Polymorphina compressa, vax. fistulosa, Williamson, Rec. Foram.
Gt. Brit., p. 72, pl. vi. fig. 150 (1858).
Polymorphina: compressa (fistulose form), H. B. Brady, op. cit., p.
566, pl. lxxiii. fig. 17. |
Habitat.—Near Phidra, rather rare.
Uvigerina angulosa, Williamson.
Uvigerina angulosa, Williamson, Rec. Foram. Gt. Brit. .» p. 67, pl,
v. fig. 140 (1868).
Uvigerina angulosa, H. B. Brady, Foram. of the Chall. Exp., p.
576, pl. lxxiv. figs. 15-18 (1884).
Habitat. —East of Inchkeith, not very common.
RovTaLipz.
Rotalia nitida (Williamson).
Rotalia nitida, Will., Rec. Foram. Gt. Brit., p. 54, pl. iv. fe
106-108 (1858).
Rotalia nitida, Robertson, Fauna il Flora of the West of
Scotland, p. 52 (1876).
Habitat.—Various parts of the estuary of the Forth, frequent; a sine
smaller and more delicate species than R. beccarit.
Spirillina viripara, Ehrenberg.
Spirillina vivipara, Ehrenberg, Abhandl. k. Akad. Wiss, Berlin,
p. 442, pl. iii. fig. 41 (1841).
Spirillina vivipara perforata, Williamson, Rec. Foram. Gt. Brit.,
p. 92, pl. vii. fig. 202 (1858),
Spirillina vivipara, H. B. Brady, op. cit., p. 630, pl. Axxxv. figs, oe
1-5.
Hatitat.—Aberlady Bay, rare. This is a widely distributed species,
but does not seem to be very common ; I have found it also in the Clyde.
i
Br’
‘a ‘
re, i ka vial
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 317
Patellina corrugata, Williamson.
Patellina corrugata, Williamson, Rec. Foram. Gt. Brit., p. 46, pl.
iii. figs. 86-89 (1858).
Patellina corrugata, H. B. Brady, op. czt., p. 634, pl. Ixxxvi. figs.
1-7.
Habitat.—Largo Bay, rare; a small but pretty species.
PSs ir It has been
found at a depth of 620 fathoms in the South Pacific.
NUMMULINIDA.
Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius).
Nautilus ammonoides, Gronovius, Zooph. Gron., p. 282, No. 1220,
and pl. v. (1781).
Nonionina elegans, Williamson, Rec. Foram. Gt. Brit. , p. 35, pl
ili. figs, 74, 75 eee:
| Operculina ammonoides, H
figs. 1-2.
. Habitat.—Largo Bay, not very common.
. B. Brady, op. cit., p. 745, pl. exii.
/
Note.—The curious Rhizopods Dendrophrya erecta, Str. Wright, and
Dendrophrya radiata, Str. Wright, discovered by Dr Wright in low-
- water pools in the Old Quarry at Granton, and described by him in the
Annals and Magazine of Natural History in 1861, seem to have been over-
looked by the authors of the ‘“‘ Invertebrate Fauna of the Firth of Forth.”
I am indebted to my friend Mr David Robertson for drawing my attention
to these species; he informs me that he also has found D. erecta in
Granton Old Quarry; he has found both forms in low-tide pools at
Cumbrae. So far as I can learn, there does not seem to be any known
British habitat for these curious organisms other than the localities here
referred to.
“A
CRUSTACEA.
COPEPODA.,
-CALANIDA:.
Candace pectinata, Brady.
Candace pectinata, Brady, Mon. Brit. Copep., vol. i. ae 49, pl. viii.
figs. 14, 15; pl. x. figs. 1-12 (1878).
Habitat.—In surface and bottom tow-net gatherings from various parts
* of the Forth between Inchkeith and May Island, moderately frequent, and
easily distinguished from the other and commoner Copepoda by the dark-
coloured plumes and terminal spines of the swimming feet. The only place
where this species was obtained by Dr Brady and Mr Robertson, as stated
in the monograph referred to above, was ‘on very hard ground, and in a
‘ depth of about 40 fathoms south-west of the Island of St Agnes, Scilly,’
where a very few specimens were dredged. The dark-coloured strongly-
toothed crest on the joint next to and above the hinge of the right antenne
of the male is a peculiar and striking object. I have also obtained this
| ast in St Andrews Bay, and off Montrose, 20 to 30 miles S.E.
MISOPHRIIDA.
Ricidotdope obtusatus, Brady and Robertson.
_ Pseudocyclops obtusatus, Brady and Robertson, Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. iv., vol. xii. p. 12; pl. viii. figs. 4-7 (1873).
Pseudocyclops obtusatus, Brady, op. cit., vol, i. P. 84; pl. xii. figs.
1-13 (1878).
ww ~ w “> -}
Aree &
Bate 7
oR
Jes x hy
Mik
> ode Ay.
rte See
aie
<i? ee
. ws
<a" P<
Pex <_
eae =
Per tet 2. rove fk eet J Pentel W nghal nena Gacttie
318 Part III —Eighth Annual. Report
Habitat.—Off St Monance, where it was taken with ‘the dredge, but |
arched, the abdomen is slender, the antenna aocerene en short and stout.
CYCLOPIDE.
Thorellia brunnea, Boeck.
Thorellia brunnea, Boeck, Oversigt over de ved N orges Kyster
iagt. Copep., p. 26 (1864).
Thorellia brunnea, Brady, op. cit., vol. i. p. 95, pl. xvi. figs, 1-10.
Habitat.—Near Oxcar, 30 to 40 iothouis and Largo Bay, ratherrare. IT
have found this species frequently at Tarbert, Loch Fyne, and at Rothe- a
say amongst weeds in shallow water.
HARPACTICID&,
Ectinosoma melaniceps, Boeck.
‘ Ectinosoma melaniceps, Boeck, Oversigt Norges Copepoder, p. 30
(1864).
Ectinosoma melaniceps, Brady, op. cit., vol. ii. p. 11, pl xi. figs.
17-20. : | :
Habitat.—Largo Bay and other parts of the Forth, moderately frequent.
This is a smaller species than #. spynipes, which it somewhat resembles,
but from which it may be distinguished by a small, more or less distinct,
black patch near the base of the rostrum. |
Ectinosoma erythrops, Brady.
Ectinosoma erythrops, Brady, op. cit., vol. ii. pe 13, sib XXXV1L figs
11-17.
Habitat.—Off St Monance, 10 to 15 fathoms, bottom clean. sania or
gravel; and Largo Bay, rather rare. This species is readily distinguished
by its having two brilliant red eye-spots, one on each side close to the
anterior margin of the cephalic segment. The eye-spots appear to lose
their colour when the specimens are kept a while in spirit.
Ameira longipes, Boeck.
Ametra longipes, Boeck, Oversigt Norges Copepoder, p. 49 (1864).
Ameira longipes, Brady. op, cit., vol. ii. p. 37, pl. liii. figs. 1-10.
Habitat.—Largo Bay and off St Monance, as well as other parts of the
Forth. This is not a very satisfactory species, and great care is required
in discriminating between it and Stenhelia wma,
Laophonte serrata (Claus).
Cleta serrata, Claus, Die frei-lebenden Copepoden, p. 123; t. Xv, |
figs. 13-20 (1863).
Laophonte serrata, Brady, op. cét., vol. ii. p. 71, pl. xxxiii. tgs
1-14,
Habitat.—Off St Monance, rare.
Laophonte longicaudata, Boeck.
Laophonte longicaudata, Boeck, Oversigt Norges Copepbllet Dp. eB
(1864).
Laophonte longicaudata, Brady, op. cit., vol. ii. p. 82, pl. Ixxiv.,
figs. 12-15; pl. Ixxvi. figs. 10-15.
Halbitat.—Off St Monende, rather scarce.
Laophonte hispida (Brady and Robertson).
Asellopsis hispida, B. and R., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., an xii, “f
p. 137, pl. ix. figs. 6-10 (1873).
1-11.
Laophonte hispida, Brady, op. ctt., vol. ii. p. 85, pl Ixxxi, ys -
; bes
~¥ —
somewhat sparingly. The body is robust, and the dorsalaspect is boldly
|
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. o19
_ Habitat.—Largo Bay, frequent. This species is rather robust, with
short caudal segments; these and one or two of the last abdominal seg-
ments are more or less covered with close-set short hairs.
Cletodes limacola, var. gracilis, Brady.
Cletodes limicola, var. gracilis, Brady, op. cit., vol. ii. p. 96.
Habitat.—Largo Bay, off St Monance, and other parts of the Forth in
company with the type. The caudal segments in this form are long and
slender, and have a prominent jointed (?) spine arising nearly at right
angles from the upper surface and near the middle of each segment. 1
have observed both male and female, the latter with ova, in material
dredged off St Monance in from 12 to 14 fathoms. With the exception | Wh
of the long caudal segments (which are fully two-thirds the length of yvie?
those of C, longicaudata), very little difference can be observed between
this variety and the typical C. limecola.
Cletodes longicaudata, Brady and Robertson.
Cletodes longicaudata, B. & R., Brit. Assoc. Report, p. 196 (1875). Beis
Cletodes Aa Aste ai a Brady, op. cit., vol. ii. p. 92, pl. Ixxix. figs. a
13-19. ie
- Habitat.—Off St Wii aied, rare. This species has long, abiater: caudal ‘
bereits and ‘differs from the C. limicola, var. gracilis, by the form of the
fifth feet and anterior antenne ; the caudal segments are also longer.
Enhydrosoma curvatum (Brady and Robertson). : Se
| Rhizothri« curvata, B. & R., Brit. Assoc. Report, p. 197 (1875). * Tica
Enhydrosoma curvatum, Brady, ep. cit. Woliis: ps 98; «pl. bxxxis ; ma
figs. 12-15; pl. Ixxxii. figs. 11-19. ae
Habitat. —Largo Bay, not uncommon; the extremities of both branches Net
of the first feet are furnished with yo: long slender setz, at the ends of ra
which are a few fine flagellum-like hairs. IOUS at
Thalestris serrulata, Brady. , rat
Thalestris serrulata, Brady, ‘Mon. Brit. Cop., vol. ii, p. 133, pl. i, 2
| lix., figs. 2-11 (1880). ieee
i abtliatBaat of Inchkeith, several specimens taken with surface net. : om
This species was described by ‘Dr Brad y from a single specimen—a male i,
—dredged on a bottom of muddy sand in New Grimsbay Harbour, Scilly. ie
» Last year (1889) another specimen—a female—was observed by I..C. pes
Thompson in a tow net gathering from Puffin Island.* The Forth a
specimens comprised both male and female, and were of a dark brick-red - s
colour, which made them very conspicuous in the tow-netting. Some of as fe
the coloured copepoda, as Alteutha, retain their colour for a considerable ae
time after being in spirit ; but in the case of this Z’halestris not a trace of Fos,
colour remained after a few hoursimmersion. I have obtained this species ee
alsoin Dornoch Firth. ‘This seems to be the first record of it for Scotland.
Harpacticus jlexus, Brady and Robertson.
Harpacticus flecus, B, & R., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. iv.,
vol. xii. p. 134, pl. ix. figs. 17-21 (1873).
ree eae lexus, Brady, op. cit., vol. ii. p. 152, pl. Lay, figs.
i 12-18
_ Habitat.— Off St Monance, scarce.
Zaus goodsirt, Brady. -
: Zaus ovalis, Claus, Die frei- lebenden Copepoden, p- 146, tab.
Eas xxii. fig. 18; tab, xxiii. figs. 11-18 (1863). )
Zaus goodsiri, Brady, op. cit., vol. ii. p, 156, pl. Ixvi. figs. 10-13.
* Proc. Biol. Soc., Liverpool, iii., pe 188 (1889).
320 Parl III—Highth Annual Report oe : :
Habitat.—Off St Monance, frequent. Dr Brady says that this species ‘
‘must be looked upon as one of the rarest, as it is certainly one of the
‘finest of the British Harpacticidex.’ It has, somewhat. like Alteutha a
depressa, a broad reddish purple band across the thorax, a
(Family uncertain.)
Cylindropsyllus levis, Brady.
Cylindropsyllus levis, Brady, op. cit., vol. iii. p. 30, pl. Ixxxiv.
figs. 1-8.
Habitat.—Off St Monance, frequent. This species, which does not seem
to have been previously recorded for Scotland, might be easily passed over —
as belonging to some other group than the Copepoda. Its comparatively
long and cylindrical form and short swimming feet impart to it a somewhat
close resemblance to a young Pseudatanais—a kind of Isopod. Both the
genus and species were described from a single specimen dredged off
Hartlepool, and from the structure of the mouth it was conjectured to be
of parasitic or semiparasitic habits. All the specimens found by me have,
however, been unattached to any other organism. I also found this species
in East Loch Tarbert (Loch Fyne) in 1885, but it was not recorded. It
has been observed by the Rev. A, M. Norman at Plymouth.
Fifteen species of Copepoda are recorded above, which brings up the
number observed within the area of the Firth of Forth to sixty. I
expect that this number will be yet further increased. There are several
forms that are doubtful, or that have not yet been identified with
described species, which will be recorded later on. I am greatly indebted
to Dr G. 8. Brady for the trouble he has taken in examining and identi-
fying doubtful species, not only belonging to this, but also to the Benin:
group, the Ostracoda. :
OSTRACODA.
Thirty-two species of Ostracoda are here added to those recorded in my
two previous papers. Four of these have not as yet been identified with
known species, and are for the present provisionally named and described.
I am also indebted to Mr David Robertson tor notes of a fone species not
as yet observed by me in the Firth of Forth. a
PODOCOPA.
CyYPRIDIDA.
Aglaia complanata, Brady and Robertson.
Aglaia complanata, Brady and Robertson, Ann, and Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. iv., vol. iii. p. 66, pl. xx. figs. 4, 5 (1869). “7
Aglaia complanata, Brady and Norman, Mon. of the M. and Fw.
Ostrac. of the N. Atlantic and N.-W. Europe, p. 94 (1889).
Habitat.—Bo’ness (David Robertson). A note of the occurrence of this
rare and interesting species was communicated to me by Mr Robertson,
who observed it among some material he had collected at Bo’ness some
years ago. The only localities where it had previously been recorded from
are Westport Bay, Roundstone Bay, and Birterbuy Bay, Ireland. 2
Pontocypris acupunctata, Brady.
Pontocypris acupunctata, Brady, Mon. Ree. Brit. Ostrac., p. 386,
pl. xxiv. figs. 53-56 (1868). 7
Pontocypris acupunctata, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 109.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 321
Habitat.—Oft St Monance, several specimens, and one or two from
other parts of the Forth. This species seems to have been previously
recorded from only two places in Scotland—-St Magnus Bay, Shetland,
and the Minch (see Monograph by Brady and Norman). I have, however,
also observed it among some material dredged last year (1889) among the
Orkney Islands,
Pontocypris trigonella, G. O. Sars. |
Pontocypris trigonella, Brady, op. cit., p. 387, pl. xxv. figs.
31-34; pl. xxxviii. fig. 3.
‘Pontocypris trigonella, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 109 pl
xxii. figs. 18-25; pl. xxiii. fig. 6.
_ Habitat.—Largo Bay and other parts of the Estuary, but not very
common. |
BaIRDIIDZ.
Bairdia inflata, Norman. |
Bardia inflata, Brady, op. cit., p. 388, pl. xxvii. figs. 9-17; pl
EXXviiy, fig!) Oy |
Bairdia inflata, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 112.
Habitat.—Off St Monancee, rare.
CYTHERID &.
Loxoconcha viridis (Miiller).
Cythere viridis, Miller, Entom., p. 64, pl. vii. figs. 1, 2 (1785),
-non Brady.
Loxoconcha elliptica, Brady, op. cit., p. 435, pl. xxvii. figs. 38, 39;
45-48; pl. xl. fig. 3.
Loxoconcha viridis, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 185.
Habitat.—Granton Harbour (David Robertson). This is a brackish-
water species, and may have accidentally got into the harbour.
Loxoconcha multifora (Norman).
Cytheropteron multiforum, Brady, op. cit., p. 449, pl. xxix. figs.
38-42.
Loxoconcha multcfora, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 185.
Hattat.—Granton Harbour (David Robertson). These two species of
Loxoconcha were observed by Mr Robertson in material collected by him
in Granton Harbour twenty years ago.
Cythere finmarchica (G. O. Sars), ¢ 2.
Cythere finmarchica, Brady, op. cit., p. 410, pl. xxxi. figs. 9-13.
_ Cythere finmarchica, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 163.
Habitat.—Off St Monance, frequent.
Cythere whiter (Baird). |
Cytherers whatei, Baird, Brit. Entom., p. 175, t. xx. figs. 3, 3a
(1850). 4 |
Cythere whiter, Brady, op. cit., p. 416, pl. xxx. figs. 21-24.
, Cythere whitet, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 169.
_ Habitat.—Largo Bay, rather rare.
| Cythere (%) semiovata, n. s. (Pl. XII. figs. 1-2).
Shell seen from the side semiovate, dorsal and ventral margins nearly
parallel ; dorsal margin a flattened curve sloping downwards posteriorly,
and forming with the nearly straight ventral margin a somewhat bluntly
angular extremity; anterior end sharply rounded below, then curving
obliquely upwards and backwards till it merges in the dorsal margin.
Seen from above, the width is greatest near the anterior end, but varies
x
322 Part IEL—Bighth Annual Report
little for about three quarters of the length, when the sides converge and
form posteriorly a somewhat wedge-shaped extremity. The’ anterior end —
is broadly rounded, inclining to angular in the middle, where the valves 3
meet; greatest breadth equal to height; height about 3 the length.
Surface of the valves smooth, but having a slightly resinous hi iehile'
Length, *35 mm.
Habitat.—Off St Mouance, not very rare. Specimens of this ant Lyte 4
been dredged on several occasions at this place, depth 12 to 14 fathoms,
bottom clean gravel and sand. ‘The animal has not yet been made out,
the species is therefore for the oe doubtfully referred to Cythere.
Cytheridea torosa (Jones).
Cytheridea torosa, Brady, ap. cit. pe 425, pl. xxvii. figs, 7-12;
pl. xxxix. fig. 5. fon mo4
Cytheridea torosa, Brady and Norman, op. czt., p. 175.
Habitat.—Brackish water pools by the shore at Aberlady Bay, common.
Associated with Cytherura gibba (Miiller), Candona candida (Miiller),
Trochamina inflata (Mont.), Haplophragmium cunariense, &e., Granton
Harbour (Robertson). I have this species also from Montrose Basin and
from Orkuey; it is a brakish-water species. The above are the only records
of its occurrence on the east of Scotland. ai
Krithe bartonensis (Jones).
Krithe bartonensis, Brady, op. cit., p. 432, pl. xxxiy. figs. 11-14;
pl. xl. fig. 5.
Krithe bartonensis, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 17 9,
- Habitat.—Near the mouth of the Estuary, moderately common. This
species is new to the east of Scotland.
Cytherura gibba (Miiller).
Cythere gibba, Miiller, Entomostraca, p. 66, pl. vii. figs. 7-9, 2
(1785).
Cytherura robertsoni, Brady, op. cit., p. 444, pl. xxxii, figs.
16-18, 9. | XS
Cytherura gibba, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 190 (non
Cytherura gibba, Brady, Mon. Rec. Brit. Ostrac.)
Habitat —Largo Bay, rare (dead), frequent in brackish-water pools at
Aberlady Bay (living); Granton Harbour (Robertson); it occurs also in
Montrose Basin. This is a brackish-water species, and is sometimes ob-
served in moderate abundance where the water is only slightly saline. Its
occurrence in Largo Bay and in Granton Harbour is probably accidental.
Cytherura cornuta, Brady. L
Cytherura cornuta, Brady, op. eit., p. 445,"pl. xxxii. figs. 12-15.
Cytherura gibba, idem ibidem, p. 44, pl. xxxii. figs. 68-70, ? (non
Cytherura gibba, Miiller)..
Cytherura afinis, idem ibidem, p. 443, pl. xxxii. figs. 17-21, 2
var. (non Cytherus afinis, G. O. Sars),
Cytherura lineata, idem ibidem, p. 443, pl. xxii. figs. 30-34 (jun.).
Cytherura cornuta, Brady and Norman, op, ett., p. 192, pl. xviii.
figs. 21, 22. ‘i
Habitat. risiaaty of Phidra, off Musselburgh, and ‘Barhtisland but 93
not common. Though of frequent occurrence on the west coast, f do hot are
find any previous record of it from the east coast of Scotland. eee
Cytherura bodotria,* n. s. (Pl. XII. figs. 6, 7). : 4
Shell seen from the side of nearly equal height throughout ; dorsal ad a
* Bodotria, the ancient name of the’ Forth oC’ mort seat
rycie: :
BIL bgp | oe
4
*
7
rae 4
HAE? ope
of the Fishery Board for Scotland, 323
ventral margins nearly straight, the former is slightly convex towards the
anterior extremity ; anterior margin evenly rounded, posterior extremity
with a short beak situated about the middle, its termination narrow,
truncate. Seen from above, ovate, slightly constricted in front, where the
valves meet, At the posterior end, the middle is bluntly mucronate, and
_ the sides are produced toan acute anvle, so. as to impart to ita somewhat
tridentate appearance ; dorsal ridge prominent, where it bends downwards
infront. Surface sculptured with flexuous longitudinal riblets, crossed by
a few indistinct ones arranged irregularly. Length, ‘D) mm. ; breadth,
2 length ; height, fully } the length. |
Habitat—Ofi St Monance, in 12 to 14 fathoms, bottom sand and
gravel, rare.
This species somewhat resembles Cytherura acuticostata, but differs in
being not so stout, and in having the valves produced backwards, so that
the posterior extremity of the shell has a tridentate form.
Cytherura mucronata, n. s. (Pl. XII. figs. 3, 5).
‘Shell seen from the side, elongate, narrow ; height about equal at both
ends, length two and a balf times the height ; dorsal margin nearly straight,
ventral margin slightly and evenly concave, posterior end much produced
aud wedge-shaped, forming a ‘ beak,’ which is situated below the middle ;
anterior margin broadly rounded, somewhat produced in the middle.
Seen from above, oval, with the ends acuminate ; the margin at each end,
especially the anteriur margin, is produced, so as to form a distinct
‘mucro. The surface is marked with indistinct raised lines, which are
somewhat irregularly distributed ; the breadth is equal to the height;
length, -33 mm.
_ Habitat.—Off St Monance, not very rare.
Cythera simplex, Brady and Norman.
~~ Cytherura simpex (name only), Brady and Robertson, Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. iv., vol.sxi. p. 66 (1872).
Cytherura sarsit (‘local variety ”), idem ibidem, vol. xui. p, 117,
pl. iv. figs. 6, 7 (1874).
Cytherura simplex, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 200, pl. xviii.
figs. 1, 2.
Halntat.—Off St Monance, frequent, depth 12 to 15 fathoms ; bottom
clean sand, part gravel. V iewed laterally, the shell of this species differs
~ somewhat from the usual’ form of Cytherura, which has a more or less
- distinct ‘beak’ at the posterior end, whereas this has no posterior beak.
New to the east of Scotland.
Cytherura fulva, Brady and Robertson.
Cytherura fulva, Brady and Robertson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Bey vosag ser, iv., vol. xiii. p. 116, pl. iv. figs, 1-5 (1874).
Cytherura fulva, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p, 205, pl. xix. figs.
fet: ES &
~ Habitat. —Largo Bay and other parts of the Estuary, but not common,
- New to the east of Scotland. .
_ Rapthersaeren, punctatum, Brady, |
Cytheropteron Raga, Brady, op. cit., , p. 449, pl. xxxiv. figs,
45-48...
_ Cytheropteron punetatum, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 211.
Habitat. —Off St Monance, rather rare. I do not find any previous
_ reo of this species for the east of Scotland,
Ko
: RIO er Ria kms) Sas Yr A gy
2, a % ‘ . y nt ai .
| vey
a
324 Part IIL—LHighth Annual Report
Bythocythere turgida, G. O. Sars. 7s
Bythocythere turgida, paar op. cit., p. 452, pl. XXxiv. fige,
35-38,
Bythocythere turgida, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 221. nd q :
Habitat.—Oft Musselburgh and other parts of the Estuary, but not
common. The only other Scotch localities where this species has been
observed are the Clyde, Orkney, and Shetland. mie g
Bythocythere recta (Brady). : i ’
Cytheropteron rectum, Brady, op. cit., p. 476, Ss
Bythocythere recta, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 222, pl. xix, 4
figs. 13-14.
Hubitat.—Largo Bay, rare. This species has also been recorded thom
Lerwick and St Magnus Bays, Shetland, which appear to be the only
records of it for Scotland.
Cytherois fischert (G. O. Sars). . a
Paradoxostoma fischeri, Brady, Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. ond
Durham, vol. ili, p. 362, pl. xi. figs. 1-3 (1870). .
Cytherois Jischert Brady and N orman, op. cit., p. 228, pl. xxi, figs.
20-22 B
Habitat. Gabienatiy distributed throughout the Estuary ; common in q
brackish pools by the shore at Aberlady, where it is more or less of a
dark bluish colour: those dredged off St Monance are nearly white.
PARADOXOSTOMATID &. | re a
yes
Paradoxostoma variabile (Baird). Ot ee
Paradoxostoma variabile, Brady, op. cit., p. 459, pl. xxxv. bie ;
1-7, 12-17; pl. xli. fig. 8.
Paradoxostoma variabile, Brady and Norman, op, ‘cit, » p- 229, pl « q
xxiii. fig. 10.
Habitat —Largo Bay and other places, frequent ie
Paradoxustoma obliquum, G, O. Sars. My" a
Paradoxostoma obliquum, Brady, op. cit., p. 459, pl. xxxv. figs.
18-21. ae
Paradoxostoma obliquum, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 230.
Habitat.—Off Phidra, Musselburgh, and Burntisland, rare.
Paradoxostoma hibernicum, Brady.
Paradoxostoma hibernicum, Brady, op. cit., p. 460, a XXXV. sie
35, 36; pl. xl. fig. 7. ee.
Paradoxostoma sarniense, idem ibidem, p. 460, pl. XXXY. figs. a |
26-29; pl. xl. fig. 9. a |
Paradozxostoma hibernicum, Brady and Norman, op, cit., p. 232, — |
pl. xxi. figs, 15-17. Ag
Halitat.—Largo Bay, rare. Neither this nor the previous species appear :
to have been recorded before for the east of Scotland.
Paradoxostoma arcuatum, Brady. ie) a
Paradoxostoma (?) arcuatum, Brady, op. cit., p. 461, pl. xxv. fe
37-38.
Paradoxostoma arcuatum, Brady and ae op. Cit., P. 234, pl ;
xxi. figs. 5, 6. Baer
Habitat.---Off St Monance, Largo Bay, and near Inchkeith ; several
specimens Granton Harbour (Robertson). / ONGOR
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 325"
Pavradoxostoma hodget, Brady
Paradoxostoma hodger, Brady, ‘Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland
and Durham, vol. iii. p. 371, pl. xii. figs. 12, 13 (1870).
Paradoxostoma hodgei, Brady and Norman, op. cit. p. 239, pl. xxi.
figs. 7, 8. ‘
Habitat. —_Otf St Monance and Phidra, frequent. New to the east of
Scotland.
Paradoxostoma (%) affine, provisional name. (Pl. XII. figs. 8-9).
Shell seen from the side elongate, subovate, highest a little behind the
middle; dorsal margin evenly but not boldly arched, inferior nearly straight,
slightly sinuate towards the anterior extremity; anterior extremity rather
higher than the posterior, and the wiargins of both evenly rounded; surface
smooth, with a few irregular simntehnd lines. Outline seen Poms above ~
compressed, ovate, the posterior half of nearly equal breadth, with the
extremity obtusely pointed; anteriorly the shell is more compressed, the
extremity being somewhat acuminate; breadth about equal to height and
a third of the length; length, -42 min.
This form resembles a small P. arcuatum, but is not so narrow
posteriorly, and the greatest breadth is nearer the posterior extremity.
Halbitat.—Off St Monance, not common.
MYODOCOPA.
CYPRIDINID.
Asterope mari (Baird).
_ Cypridina marie, Baird, Pee Zool, Soc. Lond., part xviii. (1850),
p. 257, pl. xvii. figs. 5-7.
; Cylindroleberis marie, Brady, Mon. Ree. Brit. Ostrac., p. 465, pl.
Xxxiii. figs. 18-22; pl. xli. fig. 1 (1868).
Asterope marie, Robertson, Fauna and Flora of the West of Scotland,
p. 39 (187 6). |
“i labia —Bass Rock, but not common. This is a generally distributed,
though not an abundant species. I have specimens from the Moray Firth
- and from Orkney: it is not uncommon in the Clyde.
CLADOCOPA.
POLYCOPIDA.
Polycope orbicularis, G. O. Sars.
Polycope orbicularis, G. O. Sars, Oversigt af Norges Marine
Ostracoder, p. 122.
Polycope orbicularis, Brady, op. cit., p. 471, pl. xxxv. figs. 53-57...
Habitat.—Off Phidra, rare, ‘There is no previous record of this species
for the east of Scotland.
Note.—In the Monograph by Brady and Norman, recently published by
the Royal Dublin Society, the following species are recorded from the
Firth of Forth:—Lowoconcha fragilis, G. O. Sars; Loxoconcha pusilla,
Brady and Robertson; and Cythere pulchella, Brady, which, with the ex-
ception of the first, I also have observed in different parts of the Estuary.
AMPHIPODA.
Th.
GAMMARID&.
ee. Gitana sarsi, Boeck.
Gitana sarsi, Boeck, De Skand. Arkt. Amphip., p. 439, pl. xi.
fig. 2 (1876).
1d Mat Ly: ibaitehh’ ak oe ns ea
- Btw ree : Pen ee “y
Fee RK si ae, SO
=" Si 'y
0
326 Part II1—Kighth Annual Report ae ‘
Amphilochus sabrine, Stebbing, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Pe. 364,
pl. xv. (1878). *
Halitat.—Off Inchkeith (Nov. 1889) rare. - This is a small species, and
easily missed when mixed up among a lot of other things.
Guernia coalita (Norman), *
Helleria coalita, Norman, Aun. nat Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 418, Phe ¥
xxil. fig. 8; pl. xxiii. figs. 1-6 (1868). x
Guernia coalita, Chevreux, Cat, Amphip. du Sud-ouest de th’
Bretagne (1889).
Habitat.—Oft St Monance. A ‘ew specimens only of this curious betas
species were observed in material dredged off St Monance, depth from 12.
to 14 fathoms, bottom sand and gravel,
R ;
4
Tippomedon holbolli (Kroyer).
Anonyx holbélli, Kroyer, Natur. Hist. Tidsskr., 2 R 2 B, p. 8
(1846).
Anonyx denticulatus, Sp. Bate, Cat. Amphip. Crust. Brit. Mus., Pp
75 (1862). aa
Hippomedon holbiilli, A. Boeck, De Skand. Arkt, Amphip., p. 136,
pl. v. fig. 6; pl. vi. fig. 7 (1876).
Habitat.—A little ncnthe west of May Island (1888), rare.
Megaluropus agilis, Norman.
Megaluropus agilis, Norman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1889),
, p- 446, pl. xviii. figs. 1-10.
Habitat. Sees Bay, frequent. ‘The most remarkable characters in the
genus,’ to which this species belongs, ‘are the eye, which is situated on __
a greatly projected lobe, and the expanded foliaceous branches of the last
uropods.’* ‘lhe peculiar form of these uropods is even more striking than
the prominent eye on its curious stalk-like lobe, which projects forward
between the peduncles of the antennules and antenne. In Scotland this
species has been observed at Cumbrae, Firth of Clyde (D, Robertson), and
25 miles off May Island, Firth of Forth (John Murray). . This last station
is’ considerably beyond the limits of the Forth, and the present is there-
fore the first record of the occurrence within the Estuary.
Monoculodes carinatus, Bate. | r
Westwoodia carinata, Bate, Brit. Assoc. Rep. (1855), p. 58. a
Monoculodes carinata, Bate and Westw:, Brit. Sess. Rit icin +
vol. i. p. 165. | “ae
Monoculodes stimpsont, ibid ibidem, p. 160, ¢ (jun.) ;
. Monoculodes affinis, Boeck, Crust. Hae eth bor. et arct., p. 84
(1870 Aur
As carinatus, Norman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1889), 7.
p. 447, pl. xix. figs. 1-5.
Halitat.—Off St Monance, near Phidra, and in Largo Bay, but not
common. In Largo Bay, MU. longimanus, Bate (a species I have sine
recorded for the Forth), is of frequent occurrence ; females with ova are
occasionally observed. This species is not so large nor so robust as the: —
other, being scarcely half the size. J. carimatus has been taken ‘25 miles | # 4
‘ off May island,’ which is considerably beyond the limits of the Firth of ©
Forth. This is the first record of its occurrence within the Estuary. Mr —
Robertson records it from several places in the Firth of Clyde, spec aa
Elward at Banfi. roa o : vg
:
* Norman, dun. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1889), p. 446.
-
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 327
Urothoe elegans, Spence Bate.
Gammarus elegans, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Rep. (1855).
Urothoe elegans, Spence Bate, Sess.-eyed Crust., vol. i. p. 200
(1863).
Habitat.—Largo Bay, not uncommon. A small but robust species,
which does not appear to have been previously recorded for the Forth.
Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard).
Gummarus spinicarpus, Abildgaard, Zool. Dan., vol. iii. p. 66, pl.
exxix. figs. 1-4.
_ Leucothoe spinicarpa, A. Boeck, Crust. Amph., bor. et arct., p. 7
(1870). sd
Leucothoa spinicarpa, Bate and Westwood, Brit. Sess.-eyed Crust.,
J vol. i. p. (1863).
Halitat.—Largo Bay, rare. . Leucothoe is readily distinguished by the
peculiar form of the hands of the first pair of gnathopods, which some-
what resemble the blades of a pair of scissors with curved points. I have
frequently taken this species, but usually in the branchial cavities of large
Ascidians, and very seldom otherwise. I have observed it in such situations
at East Loch Tarbert (Loch Fyne), at Scapa Flow, Orkney, and in the Moray
Firth. . It is of a delicate reddish or pink colour, and moderately active.
It is curious that this somewhat semiparasitic habit of LZ. spinicarpa has
- been so seldom referred to by authors.
—
Phoxocephalus fultoni,* n.s. (Pl. XII. figs. 10-12), and Pl. XIII. figs.
~ Rostrum (fig. 12) extending to about the end of the second joint of the
peduncle of the antennules. Antennules short, not longer than the
peduncle of the autennz ; joints of peduncle stout, sparsely furnished with
hairs, the last rather more than half the length of the penultimate joint ;
flagellum shorter than the peduncle, 4-jointed joints sub-equal; secondary
appendage 3-jointed, extending to the end of the second joint of the
flagellum. Antenne short, stout, furnished with a few hairs, especially on
the upper distal margin of the joints. There is no very marked difference .
between the peduncle and flagellum ; second and third joints of peduncle
about equal in length; flagellum 3-jvinted, rather longer than the last joint
of the peduncle. The thigh of the first gnathopods is long, the anterior
distal angle of the short stout meros is produced into a small rounded pro-
cess; the adjacent parts of meros and wrist are correspondingly hollowed
out, and thusa kind of ball and socket joint is formed (fig. 15, a ); hand (fig.
15) subquadrate, the length about twice the breadth; sides nearly straight
and parallel; palm slightly convex, and produced forward at an obtuse angle
from the joint of the finger; finger slightly curved, the point reaching
nearly to the extremity of the palm, and fitting into a small notch. Second
gnathopods very like the first, but the hand is to some extent propor-
tionally broader; the hands of both first and second gnathopods have a
fringe of short hairs along each side of the-palin. The first, second, and’
third perieopods are short and stout; the fourth are longer, the fifth are
also short and stout. The outer branch of posterior pleiopods is 2-jointed,
the terminal joint being very much shorter than the other; the inner branch
is 1-jointed, and sinall, being scarcely more than half the length of the
- first joint of the outer branch (fig. 19).
I obtained two forms of this species; they resemble each other closely. »
-* It gives me much pleasure to have the opportunity to name this species after my
friend, Dr T. Wemyss Fulton, Secretary to the Scientific Department of the Fishery
Board...
‘ rN SSL TOES eet gg
mevney oo a
Bir 7 ys
¢.* (and
> f aa
328° Part III —EKighth. Annual Report Ne % i
The one that seems to be the female differs from that now described
chiefly in the following points :—The flagellum of the antennules is 5-
jointed, the first and second joints rather shorter than the others (figs. 10-11),
The flagellum of the antenne is 10-jvinted; the first joint is moderately
long—longer than the next two together, which are short, and about equal 9
in length, fourth joint rather longer than the preceding; the remaining
joints gradually increase in length, and become more slender (fig. 11),
The inner joint of the posterior pleiopods, which is also l-jointed, is ;
rather longer than, and as stout as the first joint of the outer branch; the
two forms are very much alike otherwise.
Halitat.—Off St Monance, in 12 to 15 fathoms, ae very common.
Amphithopsis latipes (M. Sars).
Calliope ossiant, Bate and Westwood, Brit. Sess.-eyed Crust., vol.
i, p. 261 (1868).
Calliope fingalli, idem ibidem, vol. i. p. 263. a
Amphithopsis latipes, Norman, Mus. Norm., part iii. p. 15 (1868).
Habitat.—Several specimens attached to a Zoophyte (Antennularia) |
brought up in the trawl-net a few miles east of Inchkeith; they were, —
with one or two exceptions, all prettily marked by brown bands ex-
tending from the side along the posterior edge of each segment of the _
posterior pleon; the cox were also of the same colour. In the form of
the antennules and antenne, and of the gnathopods and in the coloration,
they agreed with the form described by Spence Bate as Calliope ossiani.
The Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, to whom I submitted specimens, and who —
corrobated my diagnosis, informs me that Boeck and Norman identify
Calliope ossiani and C. jingalli, Bate and Westwood with Amphithopsis — i ¢
latipes (M. Sars). I have therefore followed them in ascribing my a
specimens to Sars’s species. pe
|
Epimeria cornigera (Fabricius).
Gammarus cornigera, Kab., Reisenach Norwegen (1779), p. 383.
Acanthonotus testudo, White, Cat. Crust. Brit. Mus. (set ), p. 57.
Acanthonotus owenii, Bate and Westwood, Brit. Sess.-eyed Crust.,
vol. i. p. (1863).
Epimeria cornigera, A. Boeck, Crust. Amphip., bor. et arct.
(1870), p. 105.
, yoe
Habitat.—East of Inchkeith, about 3 miles. The colour of this pretty
species is white, somewhat pellucid, beautifully variegated with bright —
red; the postero-lateral margins of each segment is of this colour, which is
also more or less diffused over the dorsal surface. I have also got this
species in the Moray Firth ; and Mr Robertson records i from various — 4
places in the Clyde district. “ae
CoROPHIID&.
Siphonacetus collette (2), Boeck. .
Stphonecetus colletti, Boeck, Crust. Amphip., bor. et arct. (sO) ag
Siphoncecetus collettt, idem, De Skand. og Arkt. Amph. (1876), p.
633, pl. xxviii. ‘fig. 0:
Habitat.—Largo Bay, frequent. New to Britain. It is quite possible a
that this may have been passed over as a Corophium, otherwise it is diffi- — Be
cult to account for its not being previously recorded. ‘The specimen comes” a
very near to S. typicus, and it may ultimately be found to belong to that —
species. I prefer therefore to consider it for the present as doubtful.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 329
ISOPODA.
SPH HROMID A.
abhi rugicauda, Leach.
Spheroma rugicauda, Leach, Edin. Enc., vol. vil. pp. 405, 408.
Spheroma rugicauda, Bate & Westwood, Brit. Sess. eyed Crust.,
vol ii. p. 408 (1863).
Hatbitat.—In brackish-water pools on the shore at Aberlady Bay,
Common. They appeared mostly to creep upon or through the surface
layer of the soft »ozy mud forming the bottom of the pools; and only
when the mud was stirred would they rise and swim very rapidly through
the water for a short distance, then drop down again and burrow among
the mud. When prevented from swimming, or when taken out of the
water, they rolled themselves into a ball. ‘Though observed at Berwick-
on-Tweed by Dr Johnston, they do not appear to have been previously
recorded for the east of Scotland. Mr Robertson found them plentiful in
a weedy brackish pool wie a soft muddy bottom at Hunterston, Ayr-
shire.
CUMACEA.
Only four species are added to the Forth Cumacea in this Report,
viz. :—
i CuMID&.
Cuma pulchella, G. O. Sars, 3 9.
Cuma pulchella, G. O. Sars, Nye Bidrag til Kundakaben om
Middelhavets Invert-fauna, part it.. Cumacear, p. 24, tab. v1.
and tab. lx. (1879).
Habitat.—Off St Monance, and in the vicinity of Phidra; Largo Bay,
common. This is a small species, and easily overlooked. Dr Norman
says that ‘a good point for distinguishing the species is the first joint of
‘the second foot, which is furnished with a series of backward directed
‘ tooth-like processes,’ which is well shown in tab. lx. fig. 7, of Sars’
Monograph referred to above. This seems to be the first time that C.
pulchella has been observed in Britain ; previously it has been noticed at
Naples by G. O. Sars, and Bayonne by Marquis de Folin. The integu-
ment is ornamented with numerous microscopic circular depressions
arranged in irregular oblique rows; the anterior part of the cephalon is
dorsally of a dusky colour, and is darkest in the vicinity of the rostrum.
Eudorellopsis deformis (Kroyer).
Leucon deformis, Kroyer, Voyage en Skand., pl. vi. fig. 3.
Hudorella ? deforms, G. O. Sars, Beskrivelse af de paa Fregatten
Josephines Exped., fundne Cumaceer, p. 50, figs. 118-121
(1871).
Habitat.—Off St Monance and Aberlady Bay, not common. Dr Norman
states in reference to this species, ‘not yet recorded as British, but I have
‘had specimens in my collection, determined, since 1866, when I found
‘ them in a gathering from Bridlington, sent me by G. 8. Brady.’ It does
not seem to have been observed anywhere else in Britain, and thus forms
an interesting addition to the Forth Fauna. In 1882 G. O. Sars described
_ this under the generic name Hudorellopsis.
Diastylus rugosa, G. O. Sars.
Dastylus rugosa, G. O. Sars, Om den ddshebncits Krebsdyrgruppe
Cumacea og dens nordiske Arter, p. 41.
Diastylus strigata, Norman, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. iii. p. 62
(male).
—
a)
Oe OS a ee ea en
ae : Orie aT iy
330 Part H1—Ekighth Annual wee
Diastylus rugosa, G. O:; Sars, uiddothitvets Cnhndictate p- 98, 7
Tab. 34-38 (1879). ¥
Hubitat.—Largo Bay and other parts of the Forth. This seems to Re
a well-marked species, though it has not previously been recorded for hel .
Estuary. :
Campylaspis affinis, G. O. Sars, ¢ @. id
Campylaspis affinis, G. O. Sars, Nye Dybrands Crustaceer fra
Lofoten, p. 160 (1870); Extract, p. 16,
Habitat. —Vicinity of the Bass Rock, rare. The cephalic shield is .
thickly sprinkled with purple spots, which iinpart to it a somewhat uni-
form purplish colour. The Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, to whom I submitted a
the specimen, points out that it comes very close to C. rubricunda;
(Liljeborg) in the form of the tail appendages ; it differs in the coloration, _
SCHIZOPODA. re Oa
Mysip#. 1
Erythrops serrata, G. O. Sars. .
Nematopus serratus, G. O. Sars, Beretning om en Sommeren
(1862), foretagen Zoologisk Reise i Christianias og Trondhjems
Stifter, p. 43.
Nematopus serratus, Norman, Last Report on Dredging among
the Shetland Isles : Report Brit. Assoc. (1868), p. 270.
Erythrops serrata, G. O. Sars, Mon. over de ved Norges Kyster
Forkommende Mysider., Frste Hefte, p. 27, tab. ii. figs. 1-2
1870).
Halntat. isthe east of the Bass Rock 4 or 5 miles, rather rare. In
this species the outside edges of the antennal scales are deeply toothed, —
with the teeth pointing forwards, and thus differs from the other two
species of Hrythrops recorded for Britain. There appears to have been
sume confusion in previous records of the distribution of Nyctiphanes
norvegica and Boreophausia raschir, the first being understood to be a more —
common species. I find, on the contrary, that the latter is comparatively
abundant, especially in the outward part of the Estuary, while the other i is.
rather rare, Ct
MOLLUSCA.
Miss J. E. Carphin kindly placed her extensive collections of Forth
Mollusca at my service, which has enabled me to include a few interesting
additions to the local list of species belonging to this group.
LAMELLIBRANC HIATA.
_ Lucinipaz,
Diplodonta rotundata (Montagu).
Telene rotundata, Mont., Test. Brit., p. 74, t. ii, fig, 3.-
Diplodonta rotundata, J effreys, Brit. Conch., vol, il, P. 254 ; me
v. pl. xxxiii. fig. 4.
One living specimen of this pretty bivalve was found at Newhaven Pier
hy Miss J. ¥, Carphin. It had been brought in from the outer part. of
the Estuary on the fishermen’s lines. | fi
CaRDIDE.
Cardium nodosum, Turton. |
Cardium nodosum, Turt., Conch. Dith., p- 126, t, xiii, fig. ry
Cardium ebcubaes: J effreys, Brit. Gorch: > VOL. ii. b. 283 + vol. v
pl. xxxv. fig. 4. |
eS $ I TT) oe u wo " "ah olen
ae OFS , ‘
he
of the Fishery Board for. Scotland. 331
Habitat.—Between Inchkeith and May Island, several specimens of: —
this species were dredged, a few being alive. Though widely distri-
buted, it does not appear to be a common species. My friend Mr J. T.
Marshall, M.C.S., forquay, kindly examined one of the specimens for me,
and confirmed my identification. He says ‘it is a rare species in Scotland, '
‘and I have it thence from only two localties.’ It may be remarked that
- some experience is necessary to enable one to discriminate the smaller.
species of Cardium.
) - CYPRINIDZ.
Circe minima (Montagu).
- Venus minima, Mont., Test. Brit., p. 121, t. i. fig. 3. ,
Circe minima, Jeff., Brit. Conch., vol. ii. p. 322, pl. vi. fig. 4 5.
vol. v. pl. xxxvii. fig. 6.
Procured from the fishermen’s lines at Newhaven Pier by Miss J. E.
Carphin.
GASTEROPODA.
TROCHIDA.
Trochus montacuti, W. Wood.
Trochus montagui, Wood, Ind. Test., Suppl’, pl. vi, fig. 43.
Trochus montacuti, Jeff., Brit. Conch., vol. iii, p. 320; vol. lxiil,
| fig. |.
This species was found at Newhaven Pier by Miss J. E. Carphin,
having been brought in from the outward part of the Estuary on the
fishermen’s lines. -
Trochus xzyphinus, L., var. lyonsir (Leach).
Trochus lyonsit, Flem., Brit. Anim., p. 323.
Trochus zizyphinus, var. lyonsii, Jeff., Brit. Conch., vol. iii. p. 331.
Two fine and living specimens of this pretty variety of Z'rochus
ztzyphinus were found by Miss J. E. Carphin at. Newhaven Pier; they
had been bronght in attached to the fisherman’s lines from the outer part.
of the Estuary. I have also obtained two living specimens of this variety
and one typical specimen among trawl refuse a few miles west of May
Island, while trawling the Forth stations.
KULIMIDA.
Eulima polita (Linné).
Lurbo politus, Linn, 8. N, p. 1241, gin soe
Hulama polita, Jetf., Brit. Conch., vol. iv. p. 201; vol. v. pl.
oxy Ixxvil, fig, 3...
Habitat.—Off St Monance, rare. Two adult living specimens and one
or two young ones were dredged at this locality.
NUDIBRANCHIATA.
Hermaipa, A. & H.
Alderia modesta (Loven).
_ Stiliger modestus, Loven, Trans. Royal Swedish Academy.
Alderia modesta, idem, Index Molluscorum Scandinavie.
Alderia modesta, A. & H., Brit. Nud. Moll., fam. 3, pl. xli. figs.
1-5.
Alderia modesta, J. G. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., vol. v. p, 33 (1869).
* Habitat.—Brackish-water pools between tide marks, Aberlady Ray,
frequent, but easily overlooked. Not before recorded for the Forth,
Jeffreys says*—‘This curious animal is’ almost amphibious, being only
* Brit. Conch., vol. v. p. 33.
“
3o2 | Part IIT—EKighth Annual Report
‘found in very shallow brachish-water barely within the reach of the
‘ tide, and occasionally crawlimg on the moist weed beyond. It isa rare’
‘ {or local] species, but generally plentiful where it does occur.’ I obtained
one specimen of this species in the vicinity of Skeirvuie—a small island near
the head of Kast Loch Tarbert (Loch Fyne)—where Zostera marina grows
in considerable abundance ; the specimen was kept alive for some time,
and carefully examined by myself and others, so that though the condi-
tions of the locality mentioned are different from those of the habitat
which this species is said to be restricted to as stated above, there was no —
doubt as to the correct identification of the specimen.
Note.—In the course of our examination of the stomachs of fishes, taken
in the Firth of Forth by the ‘ Garland’s’ trawl-net, the Annelids Priapulus
caudatus and Echiurus oxyurus, and the Tunicate Pelonaca corrugata
have been occasionally observed, and in some instances so little injured as
to indicate that they had been quite recently captured by the fish. It is
in the stomach of the haddock and cod that these organisms are usually
observed. Priapulus and Pelonaia have been recorded from the Forth ;
but so far as I know, EHchiurus has not been hitherto observed in the
Estuary. In St Andrews Bay, however, it is occasionally met with.
Macropsis slabberi, which, as a British species, was considered to be con-
fined to the upper part of the Firth of Forth, has been taken by me
during the last year in the vicinity of the Bass, in St Andrews Bay, and
and in the Estuary of the Tay opposite Tayport ; this would indicate that
its distribution is not so restricted as was supposed, or that it is spread-
ing gradually to other parts of our coast. I have also obtained the
somewhat rare Isocardia cor and Palmipes membranacea (placenta) in the
Moray Firth. Of the first, two large specimens—one living and one dead °
—were brought up by the trawl of the ‘Southesk’ last year during the time
I was on board; a specimen of the other was brought up by the ‘Southesk’s’
trawl on one or two occasions while I was on board in the early part of
this year (1890).
CORRIGENDA.
In my paper ‘Some Additions to the Fauna of the Firth of Forth,’ in
last year’s Report, the Amphipods referred by me to Gammarus edwardst,
Spence Bate (p. 321), I am now satisfied do not belong to that species,
but are a form of G. locusta, L.
Note on Cymbasoma rigidum (Thompson), Scott, ‘Some Additions to the
‘ Fauna of the Firth of Forth,’ Seventh Annual Report, pt. ii. p. 316
(1889).
In a paper by G. C. Bourne, M.A., F.L.S., Director of the Plymouth
Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association, on the genus Monstrillu,
Dana, in the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,{ this genus is
fully and carefully described ; short descriptions are also added of various
species belonging to it which have been more or less satisfactorily
determined. In this paper Mr Bourne identifies Cymbasoma, Thompson,
with Monstrilla, Dana, and refers the form recorded by me for the Firth
of Forth in the Seventh Annual Report as Cymbasoma rigidum to Mon-.
strilla helgolandica, Claus (of which there is no previous record for
+ Vol, xxx. pt. iv. pp. 565-578, pl. xxxvii. (February 1890).
PLATE XI.
—
Sean
PLATE XII.
a of the Peak beny Board for Scotland. 339
et ;
"7 ivtain): Its distinctive characters, as described by Bourne—who ex-
amined the dissections of my specimens—are ‘six sete on each furcal
— * member, four abdominal segments, antennz four-jointed, the two last
a ‘ joints elongate, subequal. The protopodite of the swimming feet bears
a spine on its interior lower angle.’
a Habitat.—Heligoland and Firth of Forth. i:
a
Bh EXPLANATION OF PLATES XII, XIII.
wee ie tie Prats XIL.
4 Fig. 1. Cythere (?) semiorata, seen from above.
@ Fig. 2. 3 |.» Seen from right side.
Fig. 3. Cytherura mucronata, seen from right side.
Pe Pips lap fos, » end view.
bo). Big. B. ae »» seen from above.
Bk Big, «8, Oytherura bodotria, seen from left side.
a Fig. 7. mi ,». seen from above.
a Fig. 3, Paradoxostoma (2) affine, seen from above.
a | Fig. 9, 5 », seen from right side,
| . Fig. 10. Phoxocephalus fultoni 2 % .
| Us as le 1 ? tarostrum, } antennules, c antenne,
ie 0G a yaety Ss ? a rostrum, 0 antennules, ¢ antenne.
4 bt i ' Prats XIII.
7m | 2nd perieopods.
lst gnathopods.
2nd mi
3rd perieopods.
Ist fe
Ist pleiopods.
posterior pleiopods.
ddt Part III —EKighth Annual Report
ee a a ee
No. VIIL—THE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF INLAND WATERS. —
—I. REPORT ON LOCH COULTER AND THE COUL TER
BURN, STIRLINGSHIRE. By Tuomas Scors, #.1L. S. o
The systematic investigation of the fauna of fresh water lakes,
especially in those of great depths, has in recent years been largely under-
taken on the Continent, by Forel, Pavesi, Fol, and a number of other
investigators ; but in this country comparatively little has yet been done
on this subject. It is now proposed to make, from time to time as
opportunity allows, a biological and physical investigation of the great
Scottish lochs and inland waters, which cannot fail to be of interest in
regard to the foud-fishes which inhabit them, and will also incidentally throw
light upon many other questions of scientific interest. The physical, and to
some extent the biological, conditions of some of the West Coast lochs have
been inquired into by Dr John Murray, the Director of the Challenger
Commission; and Mr J. §. Grant Wilson a year or two ago made a
physical examination of the lochs in Perthshire. A comparison will be
made of the fauna of lochs, which have been in recent geological times
cut off from the sea, with the fauna of typical inland lochs, and with that
of those where there now occurs an admixture of sea water. The nature
and distribution of the invertebrate organisms in the waters of very deep
lochs will also be investigated. It is well known that marked differences
exist between the trout and other edible fishes of many lochs, This
inquiry by determining the main food of these fishes may lead to useful
measures being recommended.
In compliance with instructions received, I began in June 1889 an
investigation of the invertebrate fauna—especially the Crustacea and
Mollusca—of Loch Coulter, and its effluent, the Coulter Burn. |
~ Loch Coulter is situated in a natural hollow about 300 yards to the
east of the Stirling and Kilsyth Road, and nearly midway between these ~
two places. It lies almost due east and west; its greatest length is about
1100 to 1200 yards, its greatest breadth 600 to 700 yard&, and it hasa
somewhat quadrangular outline. From the peculiar physical conditions
of the district in which this loch is situated, only a few ditches drain
into it, but one or more springs are reported to exist somewhere within
its area. The Coulter Burn is the only outlet for the water of the loch.
It takes its rise from the north-west corner, and flows east and north by
a rather circuitous route, passing on its way through the well-known
Howietoun Fisheries and Goldenhoof Dam, and joins the Bannock
Burn a little to the south of the site of the historical battle of that name.
Sir J. Ramsay-Gibson-Maitland, Bart., kindly gave me information
and advice, which were of the greatest value to me in making arrange-
ments as to the manner in which the investigation should be made.
As I had to return to Edinburgh, in order to continue my investiga-
tions on the ‘Garland,’ it was decided, that as soon as arrangements
could be made for proceeding with the work, my son, Mr Andrew Scott,
should take my place in carrying on the proposed investigations, which
he did on 12th June. In order to enable him to carry out the examina-—
tion as carefully and accurately as possible, I drew up for his guidance
a plan of work, dividing the district into sections, and instructing him to—
examine each separately and consecutively, and to take notes of the
organisms observed and collect samples of material. My son completed —
his investigations on the 22nd of June, having examined Loch Coulter
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 335
and traversed and examined the Coulter Burn from its source to its con-
fluence with the Bannock, and thence to the Forth, a distance of between
10 and 12 miles,—and it is chiefly from his notes and the material he
collected that this Report is prepared.
The scheme of work to which I have referred, and which was adhered
to as closely as possible, was as follows :—
1. Loch Coulter.
2. The Coulter Burn from the Loch to Craigquarter Wood.
3. The Coulter Burn from Craigquarter Wood to the Hatching
House (connected with the Howietoun Fisheries),
4. The Coulter Burn from the Hatching House to the Ponds at
Howietoun, including as far as possible an ‘examination of the
Ponds.
5. The Coulter Burn from the Ponds to Goldenhoof Dam, including
an examination of the Dam.
6. The Coulter Burn from Goldenhoof Dam to its confluence with
the Bannock.
7. The Bannock Burn from thence to the Forth.
In stating the results of the examination of the loch and its effluent
it will perhaps be better to refer to each section separately, as this will
to some extent simplify and localise the information secured.
1. Locu CouLter.
/
In our examination of Loch Coulter, the tow-net, hand-net, and dredge
were used. We first of all used the tow-net, towing it for a time
just under the surface of the water, when we soon ascertained that the
water all over the loch was teeming with Entomostracan organisms.
The tow-net was then fixed to the dredge rope, the dredge being
used as a ‘sinker,’ and towed close to the bottom. Various parts of
the loch were examined in this way, and Entomostraca were again
observed to be abundant; in fact, on looking over the side of the boat,
surface. The bottum was next examined by means of the dredge, and
the results showed that the depth of the loch did not much exceed 5
fathoms at the deepest part, which was near the east end. At this end.
the bottom was hard and stony, and appeared to be unsuitable for the
existence, of Mollusca or other non-pelagic organisms, as very few were
obtained at this part. Towards the forth end the bottom was found to
consist, more or less, of fine vegetable mud, on which several species of
Molluses appeared to live, a few of them being common, while others
were more sparingly distributed. The examination of the mud also yielded
a number of species of Ostracoda; the individuals of this group were,
however, not very plentiful, the macrospores of Isoetes lacustris—an
aquatic plant allied to the Clubmosses—were very common in the mud.
As Entomostraca were observed to be so abundant in the water of Loch
Coulter, we endeavoured to ascertain whether the fish in the loch were
feeding on them. For this purpose efforts were made, by means of hook
and line, to capture some of the fish, but a few perch only were obtained ;
and though the stomachs of these were carefully examined, no Entomos-
traca were observed, a few insects being the only objects discernible.
Though trout were noticed swimming about in the water, they appeared
to be very shy, and none were caught; I am, therefore, unable to say
whether they were feeding on the Entomostraca or not. The following
iB st. of the Mollusca and Crustacea observed in and round the sides of
the loch — wuiney fewyor- ¢ :
they could easily be observed in great numbers swimming about near the.
4
F
“
—-
‘
cot
~Z
ty
a
i Pag
x
x
336 Part ILL—Kighth Annual Report iis
MOLLUSCA.
Spherium corneum (Linné). Not common.
Pisidium amnicum. Rare. -
a fontinale (Draparnaud). Frequent.
» pusillum (Gmelin). Frequent.
» nitidum (Jenyus). Common.
Valvata piscinalis (Miller). Common.
Planorbis albus, Miiller. Rare.
2 contortus (Linné). Common.
Limnexa peregra (Miller). Not common.
» truncatula (Miiller). Not Common.
CRUSTACEA.
DAPHNIADA.
Daphnia pulex, Very Common. | Ephippia also
», vetula, Frequent. frequent.
CoPEPODA.
Diaptomus castor, Very common.
Cyclops pulchellus, Common.
» strenuus, Frequent.
» gigas, Very common (several stages).
OsTRACODA.
Cypria ophthalmica (Jurine). Frequent.
Cypria serena (Koch). Frequent.
Cyclocypris globosa (G. O. Sars). Not very commen.
Erpetocypris strigata (O. F. Miiller). Not common.
tumefacta, Brady and Robertson. Not common.
Ci ypridopsis villosa (Jurine). Not very common,
Candona candida (O. F. Miiller). Frequent.
rostrata, Brady and Norman. Scarce.
» kingsleti, Brady and Robertson. Scarce.
Insect larvee, aquatic Coleoptera, Diatoms, and Confervee were also
observed to be more or less common both in the loch and around its
margins.
9?
2. Tue Coutter Burn FROM THE LocH To CRAIGQUARTER Woop.
After the loch had been carefully examined we next proceeded to ex- _
amine this section of the Coulter Burn. Its course is over open moorland,
and there are comparatively few places along its banks which form suitable _
habitats for aquatic organisms. No Mollusca* nor Crustacea were observed
in this part of the burn, the only things noticed being insect larve—chiefly
of the Phryganeide—but in the few marshy places and pools along its
sides several species of Entomostraca and one or two of Mollusca were
obtained. The water of the burn was very pure. ay,
The following is a list uf the Mollusca and Crustacea observed :—
34
-)
* Spherium corneum is, however, very abundant in the covered pee ehough a :
which 1 the burn runs from the sluice of Loch Coulter for several yar
Pe eo
a \, é Ratt oN
‘
w “A
Ms of the Fishery Board for Scotland. | 337
Sa MOLLUSCA.
Pisidium pusillum (Jurine). ‘Frequent.
— — Limnexa truncatula (Miiller). Frequent.
Ie ae aa _ CRUSTACEA.
Ba 14 Fs OsTRACODA.
Oypria ophthalmica (Jurine). Frequent.
ees oy. yclocypris globosa (G. O. Sars). Rare.
| Erpetocypris tumefacta (Brady and Robertson). Frequent.
Pay Cypridopsis villosa (Jurine). Not common.
+ Candona candida (O. F. Miller). Frequent.
ae » rostrata, Brady and Norman. Not very common.
ne Brady: and Robertson. Not very common.
iy)
ag 3. ‘Tas CouLTER Burn, FROM CRAIGQUARTER WooD To THE HATCHING
ek, Howsk.
Part of the course of the burn in this section is alongside the Kilsyth
Road, so that its banks presented conditions even less favourable to the
existence of aquatic organisms than in the previous section. The burn
itself was also unproductive of anything noteworthy. The species observed
and identified i in this section were— |
Ce MOLLUSCA.
Bae - Pisidium pusillum (Gmelin), Few. |
i e | —— Limneea peregra nile}. Few.
FS CRUSTACEA. '
. cig Rar vs Osrracopa.
Cypria ophthalmica (Jurine). Few.
ish » serena (Koch). Not very common.
-- Cyelocypris globosa (G. O. Sars). Few.
_ Expetocypris strigata (O. F. Miiller). Not common.
tumefacta (Brady and Robertson). Not common.
< vote Cypridopsis villosa (Jurine). Not common.
—— Candona candida (Miller). Frequent.
aS A kingsleit, aan and Robertson. Few.
5
CERES THe eae, Bourn FROM THE HATCHING House TO THE
¥) ice i Bai: at - Ponps AT HowieEToun.
_ This sect ‘included the examination of the burn from the Hatching
| House to the ponds at Howietoun and a few of the ponds. In describing
our examination of Loch Coulter, reference was made to the immense
o number of Entomostraca i in the water there, and the question of what be-
cam 1e of these organisms suggested itself as one of the first points requiring
Bia consideration. An explanation, that seemed a fairly reasonable one, was
3 f: that a great. many of them would be carried down the burn with the
| z _ overflow water, especially when during wet weather a larger quantity of ©
. water than ‘usual passed down the burn. At the time we visited the
'
1 Cait: A 73 ’ * i ie al: f ‘ . y
as \ +} ie 4 X ie ra ’ A :
| } . al” "4 ~) . f >
5
me F : xe ee .
*
tt a ine . ms % ; . ‘
Sa CP ie oF, vf a ery aah “| G ns fate |X
Fie Oe. We Ss By sy Acces ROT oe Lee
338 Part ITL—Kighth Annual saad cra a ates
loch, the level of the water, we were informed, was about 4 fect higher
than it usually is at that season, and consequently the overflow was
greater than usual. In order, therefore, to ascertain whether Entomos-
traca were being carried down the stream, a tow-net was fixed in mid-
channel a short distance up from where the water is led off into the
rearing ponds at Howietoun; and, further, the net was so arranged that
a large proportion of the water would pass through it, and thus give the —
experiment a fair trial. The net was tixed in position at 7.15 P.M. of
the 13th, and removed about 8.15 a.m. of the 14th. Thus the water was
allowed to pass through the net for fully 13 hours, but the result was
not what had been expected, only a few Cyclops, Gammarus, Ostracods,
and the larvee of insects being captured. There was also a small quantity
of mud inthe net. The Gammarus, Ostracods, and insect larvee were very
likely carried into the net from some place in the vicinity of where the
net was fixed, while the few Cyclops were probably the only organisms
carried down from the loch. It was thus fairly evident that though
Entomostraca were abundant in Loch Coulter, very few found their way
down the stream.
On the stones in the burn a few of the common Liimnea peregra were
observed, and a somewhat rare Ostracod—Candona acuminata—was
obtained in a marshy place at the side, otherwise nothing requiring special
notice was observed between the Hatching House and the ponds. In the
ponds nothing of special interest was observed except that in one of them
Candona acuminata was again noticed, and Cypria exculpta in wie:
in the ‘ Botanical pond’ Conferva was moderately common.
The following are the species of Mollusca and Crustacea observed in
this section :—
MOLLUSCA.
Spherium lacustre (Miiller). Plentiful in one of the ponds.
Pisidium fontinale (Draparnaud), Not common.
” pusillum (Gmelin). Not common.
‘ nitidum (Jenyns). Not common.
Ancylus fluviatilis (Miller), Common.
Limnea peregra (Miller). Abundant.
CRUSTACEA.
AMPHIPODA.
Gammarus pulex (Linné). Frequent in the stream.
CoPEPODA.
Cyclops pulchellus, Koch. A few in the net fixed in the stream.
, serrulatus, Fischer. A few in material collected by hand-
net in one of the ponds.
» erassicornis, Miiller, A few in the same material with —
the last. ;
Canthocamptus minutus (Miller). Frequent in one of the ponds.
OSTRACODA. ae
Cypria exculpta (8S. Fischer). Frequent in one of the ponds.
, ophthalmica (Jurine). Frequent in one of the ponds.
A
ae
rc/
ey “ eA
4 qt yor)
‘ ‘ a oo
PO. Bey “peta
7 ve . " ihe .
- ‘ ius vt ots de wee Py 4
at ig ? Saw Ty Me Se WA
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 339°:
Erpetocypris tumefacta (Brady and Robertson), A few in the burn
_ and in the ponds.
Cypridopsis vidua (O. F. Miiller). A few in one of the ponds.
Pe villosa (Jurine). A tew in the burn and in one of the
ponds.
Candona candida (Miller). Frequent in the burn and ade
ia lactea, Baird. In one of the ponds, rather rare.
if acuminata (Fischer). In the burn and one of the ponds,
rather rare. ‘
mn kingsleti, Brady and Robertson. In marshy ground by
the side of the burn, not common.
Aquatic Acari and Coleoptera, the larve of Coleoptera and Phryganeide,
were also observed both in the burn and in the ponds.
5. Tue CoutTer Burn From HowigetToun to GoLDENHOOF.
This section includes the Howietoun Ponds to Goldenhoof Dam as well:
‘as the’ dam itself. Between the ponds and Goldenhoof the burn is
_ locally known by the name of the Stockbridge Burn. Very few organisms
were observed in this part of the burn. {t flows too rapidly to permit of
anything, except perhaps insect larvee or Ancylus, getting a foothold.
There were, however, a few marshy places by the side of the burn that
yielded a number of Ostracoda, among which was Cypris reticulata—a
species which, though generally distributed, is not very common.
| The dam is of comparatively small area; part of its margin is densely
| fringed with reeds and other aquatic plants, which afford shelter to
numerous organisms. Among these Mollusca and various groups of
Entomostraca were’common, as well as Diatoms, Conferve, and the larve
of insects. The water is not very deep, the deepest part being scarcely
over 6 feet; the bottom is formed of fine mud, evidently consisting very
much of vegetable débris, for when it was disturbed bubbles of marsh-
gas rose to the surface of the water. Trout were moderately common in
the dam, and it was ascertained, by the examination of the stomachs of
some of them, that they were feeding on insects and Entomostraca,
especially Ostracoda. The following are the species of Mollusca and
Crustacea. eee and identified in this section :—
MOLLUSCA.
Pisidium pusillum (Gmelin). Frequent in the-dam.
Planorbis spirorbis, Miller. Frequent in the dam.
Limnea peregra (Miller). Frequent in the dam and burn.
CRUSTACEA.
2: ey ae DaPHNIAD”.
| Eurycercus lamellatus (Miller). Not common in the dam.
— ———— Chydorus sphericus (Miller). Not common in the dam.
_ Aeroperus harpe, Baird. In the dam not common.
CoPEPODA.
Cyclops serrulatus, Fischer. Frequent in the dam.
etal acid Sata minutus (Miller). Frequent in the dam.
aaa ee
-
Lise 7
af
ans re ee
« “ _—
ids 2a ae oS
7
te “a 7
sa
a fa
iy : -
ark
Sa 2 fgt
|
~"y : Pee AA ae agit GAR Yea ad
Y v pene . hey hid td ee rey ‘ 8.
4
340 Part ITI. — Eighth Annual Report
OSTRACODA.
Cypria exsculpta (Fischer). In the dam moderately common.
5, Ophthalmica (Jurine). In the dam frequent.
», serena (Koch). Marshy ground by the side of the burn, and
in the dam frequent. .
Cyclocypris globosa (G. O. Sars). In the dam not common.
Cypris reticulata, (Zaddach), Marshy ground by the side of the
burn, rare,
Erpetocypris reptans (Baird). In the dam not common. ae
é strigata (Miiller). Marshy ground by the side of the
burn, rare.
s tumefacta (Brady and Robertson). In the dam not
common.
Cypridopsis villosa (J urine). In the dam frequent.
¥ vidua (Miiller). In the dam frequent.
Candona candida (Miiller). By the side of the burn and in the
dam frequent.
‘ lactea, Baird. In the dam not common.
Fs rostrata, Brady and Norman. In the dam not common.
" acuminata (Fischer). In the dam not common.
a kingsleit, Brady and Robertson. In the dam not
common. 4
6 & 7. Tue CouLTER BURN FROM GOLDENHOOF TO THE BANNOCK
AND THENCE TO THE ForTH.
The Coulter Burn after leaving Goldenhoof Dam runs eastward for
600 to 700 yards, then northward for a few hundred yards more, and joins
the Bannock not very far from the site of the famous battle of Bannock-
burn. Along the part of ‘its course the water flows with considerable |
rapidity except in a few places where quiet pools are formed. The fresh-
water limpet Ancylus fluviatilis, and the larvae of Caddis flies, were
observed under or attached to the stones in the stream; while in the
quiet pools, as well as in the marshy places along its banks, a number of
Entomostraca and a few Mollusca were obtained. The Bannock Burn, from
where it is joined by the Coulter down to the village of Bannockburn,
also yielded a number of Mollusca and Entomostraca, but from that
village to the Forth, very few such organisms were observed, probably
owing to the water being more or less contaminated by the refuse from the
public works on its banks. Between the village of Bannockburn and the
Forth the Bannock flows between steep banks through a comparatively
level tract of country and its course is very tortuous.’ The distance as the
crow flies from where the Bannock is joined by the Coulter Burn to its
union with the Forth is scarcely 34 miles, while the course of the burn
measures fully 6 miles. Though the water appeared to be contaminated,
both trout and sticklebacks were observed to be moderately frequent; the — a
impurity of the water did not seem to have so much effect on these as on
the Entomostraca. 4
The following is the list of ‘tte Mollusca and Crustacea obeerncdys and ih
identified with Sections VI. and VII :— | Su
MOLLUSCA. er ‘ 4
Pisidium pusillum (Gmelin). Moderately common in Pea bg i
and upper part of Section VII. My
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 341 | a
Pisidium nitidum, Jenyns. Moderately common in upper part of |
Section VII. ad
5, roseum, Sholtz. Rare, lower part of Section VII. of
{ Planorbis contortus (Linné). Frequent in upper part of Section
a VII. :
Ancylus fluviatilis (Miller). Frequent in Section VI.
Limnea peregra (Miller). Not very common in both sections.
» truncatula (Miller). Not very common in both sections.
| CRUSTACEA.
DAPHNIADA.
Chydorus sphericus Miller. Not very common, Section VI.
CoPEPODA.
Cyclops serrulatus, Fischer. Frequent in Section VI.
Canthocamptus minutus (Miiller). Frequent in Section VI.
OSTRACODA.
Cypria ophthalmica (Jurine). Frequent in Section VI. and upper
part of Section VII.
», serena (Koch). Frequent in upper part of Section VII.
Cyclocypr is globosa (G. O. Sars). Not common in upper part of
Section VII.
: Erpetocypris reptans (Baird). Not common in upper part of
Bah - Section VIL.
strigata (Miiller). Rare in Section VI.
Cypr idopsis villosa (Jurine). Not common in Section VI.
» vidua (Miller). Not common in Section VI.
Candona candida (Miller). Frequent in both sections.
; » rostrata, Brady and Norman. Rare in Section VI.
: .. kingslevi, Brady and Robertson. Rare in Section Vit.
fabeformis (Fischer). Rare in Section VI.
acuminata (Fischer). Rare in Section VI.
Tyoe ypris gibba (Ramdohr). Not common in lower part of Section
Vil.
by)
aa! _ As considerable changes have receutly been made in the terminology of.
‘ ‘the fresh-water Ostracoda, I propose now to give a list of the species
observed throughout the district examined, adding to each a synonymy
sufficiently full ‘to allow of the older orks on this group of Crustacea
qa being referred to with greater facility, together with notes on the distribu-
tion of the rarer species.
ae : OSTRACODA.
a yh Ba eh Cypria exsculpta (S. Fischer).
~
Py» *e 1854. C. ypris exsculpta, Fischer, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Ostrac., p. 18,
Byes pl. xix. figs. 36-38,
yh. +1868. Cypris striolata, Brady, Mon. rec. Brit. Ostrac, p. 372, pl. xxiv.
* ‘3
«~*2
af)
es Ss a
et
a *
« “tie
ae Nay ¥
- te
< _" i
é , r
i eee ¢
ye ye
o i
pe a
ye
* Ww
ae ‘
i. i)
| +
es See
te aaen
us
Oe, ea
7 ee,
volte 0
- ‘ie
ki a
Bl
4
we
bes ‘|
a
iy ot
‘ 2.
* ™ ’
r ‘
re
-
ts 7 ;
. >
i)
na
Bei. figs, 6-10, ae
ae 1880. Cypri is granulosa, Robertson, Fresh and Brackish water Ostrae. ie
Solte of Clydesdale, p. 18, (jun.) a,
“a 1889. Cypria exsculpta, Brady and Norman, Mon. M. and Fw. Ostrae. of S
Ber pene}! the N. Atlantic and N. W. Europe, p. 68, pl. xi. figs. 1-4.
en Oe
" > +o
uc SE wt rk
342 Part III.—EKighth Annual Report
This is a widely distributed species, though not previously | recorded for
Stirlingshire. ras.
Cypria ophthalmica (J urine).
1820. Monoculus ophthalmicus, Jurine, Hist. des Monocles, p. 178, pl
xix. figs. 16-17.
1835. Cypris compressa, Baird, Trans. Berw. Nat. Club, vol. i. p. 100,
pl. ili. fig. 16. |
1868. Cypris compressa, Brady, op. cit., p. 372, pl. xxiv. figs. 1-5; pl
Xxxvi. fig. 6. y
1889. Cypria ophthalmica, Brady and Norman, op cit., p. 69, pl. xi.
figs. 5-9.
One of the commonest of the British species.
Cypria serena (Koch).
1838. Cypris serena, Koch, Deutschlands Crustaceen, H. xxi., 22.
1868. Cypris levis, Brady, op. cit., p. 374, pl. xxiv. figs. 6-8. an
1889. Cypria serena, Brady and Norman, op cit., p. 70. ‘Y
A common species in Britain. :
Cyclocypris globosa (G. O. Sars).
1863. Cypris globosa, G. O. Sars, Om en i Sommeren 1862 foretagen
Zoologisk Reise i Christianias og Trondhjems Stifter, p. 27.
1868. Cypris cinerea, Brady, op. cit., p. 374, pl. xxiv. figs. 39-42; pl.
xxxvi. fig. 7.
1889. Cyclocypris globosa, Brady and Norman, op.‘ cit., p. 71, pl. xiv. figs.
1-2; pl. xi. figs. 10-18.
The distribution of this species seems to be more restricted. In Scotland
it has been observed in the islands of Lewis and Bute, at West Loch ~ 4s
Tarbert (Loch Fyne); in Kirkcudbrightshire ; Loch Fitty, Loch Dow,
and Black Loch, in Fife. » Not previously recorded for Stirlingshire.
Cypris reticulata, Zaddach.
1844. Cypris reticulata, Zaddach, Synops. Crust. Pruss. Prodr., p. 24 : :
(jun.)
1868. Cypris tessellata (in part), Brady, op. cit., p. 336, pl. xxiii. figs,
39-45
1883. Cypris affinis, Lilljeborg, International Fisheries Exhib. London.
Sweden Cat., p. 146.
1889. Cypris reticulata, Brady and Norman, op. czt., p. 76, pl. viii., figs.
1-2 ; pl. xi. figs. 5-7.
This does not seem to be a commonly distributed species. The following © :
are the Scotch localities where it has been observed :—Johnston Loch ;
Possil Marsh ; Bishop Loch; side of Paisley Canal; side of Loch Ascog, _
Bute ; Hairmyres, near Hast Kilbride ; Mill Loch, Lochmahen; and Barron
Loch, Peebles. ;
Erpetocypris reptans (Baird).
1850. Candona reptans and similis, Baird, Brit. Entom., pp. 162, 167.
+1868. Cypris reptans, Brady, op. cit., p. 370, pl. Xxv. figs. 10-14; pl.
XXXVI. fig. 4. da
1889. Erpetocypris reptans, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 84 pl. xiii. is
fig. 27, ee
A common British species.
1820. Mesnaeahis villosa, Jurine, Hist. des Monocles, p. 178.
PASSO, Or Re pea villosa, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 90.
ES E785, Cuore candida, Miiller, Entom., p. 62, tab. vi. figs. 7-9.
- 1850. Candona lucens, Baird, Brit. Entom. , p. 160, tab. xix. fig. 1.
1868. Candona detecta, Ave (var. ), op. cit., p. 384, pl. xxiv. figs. 35-38; -
Was fens i Oe ee vee . ee eee Oe
4 Wad eo sae ee fl itn, yo NT ey ee a A. 7 iS oe
* TA rte Raabe a Wh : « oe at
ete vat Fi" va | 4 , . ate 2 A At ah ale
qf ‘ i. : .
7 < -
of the Fishery Board. for Scotland, 343
Erpetocypris strigata (O. F. Miiller).
_ 1785. Cypris strigata, O. F. Miiller, Entomostraca, p. 54, pl. iv.
figs. 4-6.
1844, Cypris jurinit, Zaddach, Synops. Chae Pruss. Prodr., p. 36.
1870. Cypris ornata, Brady (non Miller), Nat. Hist. Trans, Northumb.
and Durham, vol. i. p. 364, pl. xiv. figs. 1-3.
1889. Erpetocypris strigata, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 85, pl. viii.
figs. 14, 1
This is not so commonly distributed as the last. The following are some
Scotch localities :—Duddingston Loch; Ponds near Taymouth Castle ;
Isle of Cumbrae; Hayston Dam, Peebles. Not previously recorded for
Stirlingshire. n
iat
: Erpetocypris tumefacta (Brady and Robertson). Hi
1870. Cypris tumefacta, Brady,and Robertson, Ostracoda and Foramini- Rie pt
fera of Tidal Rivers, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. iv., vol. vi. p. 13, a
pl. iv. figs. 4-6. ie
1889. Hrpetocypris tumefacta, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 87, pl. viii. Pe a
figs. 5-7 ; pl. xiii. fig. 18. pe
This seems to be one of the less common species. It has not been ~ | “id
~ previously recorded for Stirlingshire. ee
| | ae
: Cypridopsis vidua (Miller). Ea
1785. Cypris vidua (Miller), Entomostraca, p. 55. *
1850. Cypris sella, Baird, British Entom., p.
1868. C; ypridopsis vidua, Brady, op. cit., p. 375, pl. xxiv. figs. 27-36, 46,
1869. Cypridopsis obesa, Brady and Robertson, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. iv.,
~~ vol. 1, p. 364, pl. xviil. figs. 5-7.
1889. Cypridopsis vidua, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 89.
_ This is a widely distributed species.
Cypridopsis villosa (Jurine).
1850. Cypris westwoodit and elongata, Baird, Brit. Entom. , p. 156.
1868. Cypridopsis villosa, Brady, op. cit., p. 377, pl. xxiv. figs. 11-15;
pl eeevi, fig, -9.
This is moderately common in Scotland.
Candona candida (Miller).
1889. Candona candida, Brady and Norman, Op.~ cit. p. 98, pk x.
, figs. 1, 2, 14-23.
Common everywhere—very variable.
Candona lactea, Baird.
Candona lactea, Baird, Prac. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 255, pl. xviii.
figs. 25-27.
pl. xxxvii. fig. 2
1889. Candona lactea, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 100.
Generally distributed, but not so common as the last.
: UNS Oa eae Ca |
aa ae Pl |
ae Remee Ley) < |
’ a . ’ 4 ( ‘ ba :
“ ve ae : 7 ah BS . ee 4
344. Part III —Kighth Annual. Report eh ;
ate ae ry
Candona rostrata, Brady and Norman. a |
1857. Cypris compressa, Fischer, Ueber das genus Cypris, p. 144, ph. il.
figs. 7-12; pl. in. figs. 1-6. a
1889. Candona rostrata, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 101, pl. ix. ge: *
14,412, 12 a and b; pl. xii. figs. 22-31. a
This is one of the less common Candone, though it may be more
widely distributed than we know of at present. It has been observed in
Duddingston Loch ; in Loch Fitty and Lurg Loch, in Fife; Loch Fad, in —
Bute, &c.; but it does not appear to have been recorded before for Stirling-
shire.
ee ee PN ee ee
Candona kingsleii, Brady and Robertson.
1870. Candona kingslett, Brady and Robertson, Ann. and Mag. Nat
Hist., ser. ix., vol. vi. p. 17, pl. ix. figs. 9-12.
1889. Candona kingsleti, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 102, if ix.
figs, 19-22; pl. xiill. fig. 19.
A widely ise nated species, but not previously recorded for : x
shire. ae
Candona fabseformis (Fischer).
1851. Cypris fabeformis, Fischer, Ueber das Genus Cypris, p. 146, pl. ili.
figs. 6-16.
1870. Gunde diaphana, Brady and Robertson, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. iv., vol. vi. pl. v. figs. 1-3.
1889. Candona fabaformis, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 103, pl. ix.
figs. 1-4. i:
_ This species is somewhat restricted in. its distribution, and does not |
appear tu have been previously recorded for Stirlingshire. It is found at
Corstorphine and Luffness Links.
Candona acuminata (Fischer).
1857. Cypris acuminata, Fischer, Ueber das Genus Cypris, p. 148, pl. iv. . i
figs. 12-16. y
1889. Candona acuminata, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 104, pl. ix.
figs. 9-10; pl. x. figs. 5, 6.
This is considered to be a rare species in Britain, though it is probable
that its distribution is more extensive than is known at present. It has not oe
been previously recorded for Stirlingshire. ,
Ilyocypris gibba (Ramdohr).
(?) Cypris gibba, Ramdohr, Mag. und Geselesch. Naturforsch. Freunde
zu Berlin, ii. p. 91. a
1868. Cypris gibba, Brady, op. cit, p. 369, pl. xxiv. figs, 47-54; pl.
XxxvVl. fig. 2. ae
1889. Llyocypris gibba, Brady and Norman, op. cit., p. 107, pl. xxi.
figs. 1-5
A common British species.
Scotland.
ard for
en
ish
(year
*‘purpsay
Rt yh ab 4
x x x
Re Re Re he Re Oe Ge x XX
-
pureyqoag -puesuq
>
‘TILA Worqo0g | "TA WorpEg
spuog |
pure umg |
1oyNoQ
‘AI Sees
amng:
-ToqTM0D |
TIN,
* uing
yoouurgq
Jaqynoy
aaVyuozfon
pus ung
Ieq{NoHD
"A WOTpIS
s=
Megs
_194JN0g
“TIT woroog
‘yuonbou x x fort, sopradis x
ic USD ; =
x ee pur.
‘II wooeg | “I towa0g
Pe _ pad po
3 -oqnOg,
ae ys
: -areyLg ut wonnannc wom se T1244 8B “EggT oun e ut ors ayy u worn, ae He Bayou ‘pone
s ae ESS ee
ae
hs !
i”
_vosaT10— I ‘aTava
1 wos
Be
‘suming snjiouy
“pyngpound, SF
‘pilosa DaWUYT
‘9njwoquod SE
“siquouds —s &*
* §snq7p § 2QLOUDIT
ssypuposyd DyDYyDA
‘unason
“UN pry ales
Swngpsnd
‘apunquo. yf Sale
sunonuatn unapene |
GUND) = Peo’
Sees 5 eee wesc |
4 Se i:
Sen 2 om 1
K Se Be Oe Oe
x
Part LIL—Highth Annual heport
346
x X x Xx
x
XX x
x XX x
xX X x
x XX x
x XX Xx
xX X xX
x x X
xX X x
x x XX x
“purport ‘puryyoog ‘purpsuq
‘UTVyLIg Ul UOTyNGLySTq
‘ILA worqn0g | “TA WoIZD0g
| | | | | | meeeeeenstseusenne
x xX xX X
x
x
xX x
x
x
x
“Ue *Sspuog
pure umd | pure umd
Ia4[Nog 104[Nog
“A MOMs || “AT BOQ0e8§
‘pouTUIVXS JOLIYSIC] OY} Ul WOINIIySTG
,uowmul0s , X x xX pue ,“Quonboly, x x ,feIvI, SOIUSIS x
‘vdodad0Q GNV WAVINHAVG—'T] WIAVL
TIT 0008 | “TI worzoag
‘snynur sny»duma0yqung
* ‘snusoosspia =
f ‘snppyond =<
r ‘snnuauje — **
* ‘sngoynuuas —**
‘ 5 Snhib sdojohp
: *20}809 snuojzding
*VaodadOgD
‘SNIDYIVIN) SNILIOR ANT
* ‘snowwayds snsophyg
; ‘aoduny snuadoury
. - ‘yma *
; * ‘xaynd nuydog
WAVINHd VG
‘sotoodg Jo oweN
‘ULV Ul UO NGI4SI(T MoT} Os[e PUB “EQgT ouNF UI GoLN4sT(] OY} UL UOT|NqIAYSIq I9y} Suimoys ‘poureyqo epodedog puv eperuydec jo ysr]
347
xxx KK x ) : 4 * ‘nqquh srudhoony rg cA
x x x x x , * “aDWIUNID — x
x x x Xx - : * ‘srumsofaqnt 4 poe, Yo
x x x x xX x x x a x x Lees “‘v1a]sBury ve “ay
x x x x . x x : . DYDMSOL ¥ ~ 4b
xx xX xXx x XX x x : : * aq00) 73 ae
: x xX xx xX x XX x x xX x xX xx x X Eo. 4 Ss : ¢ ‘Dpypum DUOPUM)D
= x x xX xX x xX x x X x x x => ae * %}s07)00 -
3 xx xix x xxx x x X x : : ‘ Dypm gsdopmdiiy Lake
BS x x x x x x x x ‘ momfawng al
S x x x x x Keon ae’ * ‘DypbUs4s E
we bon Xe Mex X x Lo toe * ‘sunjdas srudhoopadugy
SS ce x x * ¥ ¥ “nynnayad Svwdhg. é
i < x x x x x %. % * %ps0qo76 sredfisophig
~S x XX x XX x XX xX X x X x E> x . : ‘nuasas “| Z
i x xX xX KES x xX x bes: x Xx x xX x xX ae xX Xx ats '* ‘novuypyzydo “
S rx x x x x ; mex KK / ~ " + + Snndynasaa mp.ohip k
03 nee | , | |
> : ‘
ss : ‘wed ' ‘spuog 5 : ; :
= ; . uIng “uIng pueumg | pue umg umg | ‘umg | ‘to4mnop . eee
i purypory puepyoog puelLsaq yoouueg Ta4{No0O qaq {nog raqNog Ieqynog JO4NoQ —-yoory : ie
ork “TIA FOR208. IA woryo9§ | . A wonsag | ‘ay wore LIT WOrpo9g | “TT Worjoeg | “[ WOTPO9§ —— ‘sato0dg Jo ouleNy ae :
s F E ; - : Ps
4. : : J ; . Re SS 2 :
‘UlepIIg Ul WOTyNqIIysIC. . “PpoulmMmexo JOIST, OY} Ul WOTFNGLTyST Sa ate
7 z ~
cuowmuos, x x x pure “yuonbery, x x ,farel, SeyTUsIs x
UTR} Ul MOIYNGIYSIC, Jeg} osTe pus ‘EQgT oUNE UI “o1KysICZ OY} UI uOR NG !IS1 CL area Saraoys ‘ ‘pouyeaqo epooerys¢ 3y} jo bi 8
4 ”
\ :
‘vaoovaisO— TIT WIAViL
=e ne Be th 3 igh ; : ae . z 7
= - nd 4 « 4 - - >a ~ per f 4 = 7
348 Part ITI —Lighth Annual Report Bek.
‘
IX.--THE PROPORTIONAL NUMBERS AND SIZES OF. THE f;
SEXES AMONG SEA FISHES. By Dr T. Wemyss Futton, ~
Secretary for Scientific Investigations. ae
In carrying on the inquiries as to the spawning of the food-fishes, ita
was necessary to measure each individual fish obtained, to determine the —
sex and the condition of the reproductive organ. During the past two —
years there has, therefore, accumulated a mass of data as to the numerical
proportions and the relative sizes of the males and females of the various —
species. It is from these data that I have written this paper. The
information obtained has a special scientific value; and it will also help —
us to understand many points in relation to the generation of fishes which
are at present obscure. ° .
With the exception of statistics relating to man and certain of the
domestic animals, there is very little accurate information as to the
proportion of the sexes among different species, especially those living in
a state of nature. Our knowledge of the proportional numbers of males
and females among fishes has hitherto been confined to fresh water forms,
and even that is imperfect and scanty. This paper embodies the most
extensive and detailed investigation which has been made on the subject;
and one of the most surprising results is the differences which obtain
between closely allied species. 1s
The total number of fish of all kinds examined was 12,666. Of this
number 3858 were males, and 8808 females, showing a general ratio of
228 females to 100 males. The results regarding 21 species are detailed
in the accompanying table. The fish include all sizes—from the smallest
sexually differentiated to large adults. |
I. PRoPoRTIONAL NUMBERS.
1. Flat-fish.
The number examined was 8209 ; 2075 were males, and 6134 females, _
or a ratio of 295 females to 100 males. In all cases but two the females —
exceed the males in number, but in very different proportions. One
exception is the flounder (Plewronectes jlesus) in which the males
preponderate ; the ratio of females to males being 84 to 100,* ‘g
The brill (Rhombus laevis) is perhaps also an exception; but the small
number examined makes it uncertain. The relative preponderance of
females over males among the other flat-fish varies very much. Thereis
generally one male to about two or three females. The ratio is low in |
plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), 138 females to 100 males ; and remarkably —
high among long rough dabs (Hippoglossoides limandoides), 842 females
to 100 males, or nearly seventeen females to every two males. Theratio
is large also among lemon soles (Plewronectes microcephalus), 297 females —
to 100 males, and common dabs (Pleuronectes limanda), 295 females to
100 males. Among turbot there are about two females to each male.
*The ratios which are given in the table, except when the numbers are small, may _
be relied upon as indicating with great accuracy the proportions, both of number
and size, existing between the two sexes. The ratios were calculated on four or __
five occasions during two years, as the records accumulated, and now, on making ~~
the final calculations for the whole period, I have been impressed with the general
equality of the averages derived from even comparatively small numbers. Where
the numbers were large (plaice, haddock, &c.) the averages at the successive computa-
tions rarely required the alteration of the first decimal. a
9.11 FELT =a ‘skey pue sozexg
FE.F 01-12 ee. | . ‘ra[suy
89-6. C1.&% LEST, | | | ‘oyyA'T
GI-8 06.8 . : =e . ‘qyouoselg
69.16 SF. 6G ee : | — “ysy-789
9F-8 GF.8 : cena . etn rs ‘aIsselg
09.8% - 00-08 ey PEF | IES | Bary
LL-11 98-01 | = . ‘preming)
82-11 Th geen ee : Be | : Se SO
68-6L 16-81 . c OppUEL:
CF-0Z 68-12 , * Bh er gi os Dag “pod
66-8 | 61-8 rae + 02 eee 5 pad Se, . ae i, ate sti owt
8-91 ea : a esd, oe : = STS
08-23 “T9tZT a | ee ee A CoAT | oes we ee
GR0G). 2 ie SB. OT ; | BC Tea Sete Br | ee as Speitek at > ‘goqany,
ee Sool aes a , pS eos Bat) ) ene Pople ces ) sae oes my ‘ara yao Ba0T
LO-LT — B0-GT POL = 7-69 Py Bie 29S hg eee
t t
“ss
a:
ard
60- TT —8L6 $e; ae ea SIT pss teenie Tn as ee a
11-8 vie eet Flee 88G | i SOT RUA BE a eee + fquq wom mo)
OF-ZL Ta ge Beas bea OF 4 Oe stata are Br. gee aes eee eee
£9.91 | GOST “a 8G; asl SER ot ROO <jc Ss rae Sea d |
. ¥
3 ‘ x
£2
*
‘OOOL 3 SOTRTT CEE [ae SPERE Sake “SSore Sie | ogee OEE =f al Ss
0} Sapeute, Jo = | pak 00 TAIOUR-OF =. sl Sea ae ee ee
: 3 quay Jo ae soppy t 1 yySu9] 1 oBvioay ae vas x . : . “spoururexg sxoqun Sr
aR that Bishe
p, US ai a re Sha ey ee
Thee 7 \e
350 Part I11—Highth Annual Report a
2 Round-fish, &e.
The number examined was 5457, of which 1783 were males, and 3674 : ;
females ; a ratio of 206 females to 100 males. Among the more common
of the fish generally classed as round-fish, the females are in excess, but
in very varying degrees. Among cod the ratio is 133 females to 100
males ; among haddocks 188 females to 100 males; among whitings 211
females to 100 males; and among gurnards (Zrigla gurnardus) 409° : 4
females to each 100 males. The number of ling and lythe (Gadus
pollachius) examined was insufficient for accurate results, but they
also show preponderance of females. The figures for the dragonet :
(Callionymus lyra) show that the females preponderate, although from
the small number examined the ratio is probably too great. In the cat-
fish or wolf-fish (Anarrhichus lupus), and especially in the angler (Lophius
piscatorius) the males preponderate. The ratio for the cat-fish is 79
females to 100 males, and for the angler only 26 females to 100 males.
These fish are especially predaceous, as is also the cod, which has the —
next lowest ratio of females.
Among skates and rays females are in excess; the ratio being 175
females to 100 males. The observations were mainly made on the thorn- —
back ray (Raia clavata), but also on the starry ray (Raia radiata) and
grey skate (Raia batis). The females specially preponderate in the latter
species. Of four pogge (Agonus cataphractus) three were females, of six
father-lashers (Cottus scorpius) all were females, of three lump-suckers
(Cyclopterus lumpus) two were niales, of twelve hag-fish (Myxine giucineed)
eleven were females.
The numbers of the sexes in the herring are remarkably equal. Of
3457 examined by Fishery Officers at various places round the coast, the
males numbered 1724 and the females 1733.
{T. PRoportTIONAL SIZE.
1. Flat-fish.
Among all the flat-fishes without exception the female is longer than
the male. The ratio varies in the different species. In the long rough
dab and sail-fluke (Arnoglossus megastoma) the female is about a third
longer than the male. In the flounder, turbot, brill and little sole (Solea
minuta) the female also markedly exceeds the male. The female is
relatively not so long in the witch sole (Plewronectes cynoglossus), and
plaice, and especially in the common dab and lemon sole.
2. Round-fish, &.
In the cod, haddock, cat-fish and angler, and probably also in the ling,
dragonet and lythe, the male slightly exceeds the female in length. Like
the greater ratio of males to females, it is most marked in the specially
predaceous fish, the angler, cat-fish and cod. The males of the angler and
cat-fish are more numerous and somewhat larger than the females, The
male hag-fish obtained was also larger than the females. The males
and females of skates and rays are pretty nearly equal in size. In
the whiting, gurnard, and brassie the females are rither longer than the
males. |
-
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 35m
X.—NOTES AND MEMORANDA.
1, The Anchovy in Scottish Waters.
Last year anchovies were captured at several places on the British
coast. It appears from a recent paper by Mr J. T. Cunningham * that
they were caught in considerable numbers in the English Channel in
November, December, and January last. Anchovies were caught by the |
sprat fishers at Dover, who use drift-nets with meshes about half an inch
square, about a mile from the shore. Mr Cunningham was informed
that some shots had yielded 1000 anchovies to 4000 sprats. Anchovies
were also caught at other places in the Channel and on the south coast.
_ The first intimation of the appearance of the anchovy off the Scotch coast
was conveyed by Professor Ewart in an article in the Scotsman, in which
it was stated that he had received specimens caught in the Moray Firth
in December. At the beginning of the year I sent a circular to all
the fishery officers of the Board located around the coast of Scotland,
together with a drawing and description of the anchovy, and requested
them to furnish me with any account of its appearance off the coast,
together with specimens, if any should come into their hands. I give
' here a summary of the information thus obtained.
East Coast.—None appear to have been caught off the coast of Berwick-
shire, where, however, the herring fishing ceased in September. A single
specimen, 5 inches in length, was obtained by Mr Peter Jamieson, among
herrings landed at Dunbar on 22nd January 1890. It was a female, with
the roe well developed. The fishermen could not say they had ever
caught any others. Some of the sprat fishers in the Tay thought they
had seen anchovies among the sprats; no specimens were procurable.t
One crew of Anstruther herring fishermen were certain they had caught
some anchovies among herrings in the Firth of Forth (off the Fifeshire
coast) at the end of December 1889. None were reported from the coast
of Forfarshire. One was captured in a herring net about half a mile off
Stonehaven in the early part of December. Another was taken on a
‘haddock line (mussel bait) on 13th November, off Rattray Head, at a
distance of 8 miles from land. The fishery officer saw this specimen after
its capture ; 1t was too much damaged, he thought, to forward. He says,
‘the drawing and particulars in your letter place its identity beyond
‘doubt.’ None were reported from the Macduff district in the Moray
Firth. The fishermen of Buckie stated they had caught them chiefly in
the second and third weeks in January 1890, but some at the end of
_ December (when few boats were fishing) from off Fraserburgh to Cape
Wrath. One crew got them 8 miles off Fraserburgh ; another, 20 miles
' south-east of Buckie ; several crews caught them Res! 6 miles ‘off Tarbet
Ness; and one crew about 6 miles off Cape Wrath, at the end of
. December. None were seen after the middle of January. A Buckie
fisherman who goes to the Yarmouth herring fishing in September and
_ October states he has frequently caught them there. t A Buckie crew
_ tried the anchovies for bait, but they were too soft to stay on the hooks,
—* Jour. Marine Biol. Assoc., vol. i. No. 3, p. 328 et seg., April 1890.
+ The drawings sent were always shown to the fishermen.
ieee A sbi cai pte’ Te ae y Sade "9 Vee ah eee OO et AD is ee | a
* 1% kt Act t* Se, 7 : rN ‘ .
a a
~
\
ee
t Mr O. T. Olsen, of Great Grimsby, to whom I wrote, kindly piebecenn yy the bie ate ; Bae.
bi + catches of the sprat fishers there, but found no anchovies.
v*
The Burghead, Cromarty, and Lybster officers reported that none had
apparently been captured by the fishermen of these places. Fishermen —
at Helmsdale reported having caught ayn or three strange fish among the 3
herring about the middle of January, ‘more like a trout than a herring’ ; a
on being shown the drawing of the anchovy they said ‘it was like the. a
‘ tish they got.’ On cooking one of them it gave forth ‘a strong peculiar f
‘smell, different from either trout or herring.’ None appear to have been .
caught by Wick fishermen off that coast ; ‘but on Ist March a few were -
caught by a. Wick boat in the Minch, "between Stornoway and Cape a
Wrath.
West Coast.—Anchovies were caught in considerable numbers in the a
Minch. Mr Ingram, the Fishery Officer at Stornoway, states, on 23rd _
January, that the herring fishing had just begun, and that anchovies were |
detected among the herrings. On 29th January he reported that ten of
the herring boats had each caught about half a dozen anchovies, all before -
22nd January, from 3 to 8 miles from shore. The next was caught on
13th February, 5 miles off Chicken Head, in 80 fathoms. Others were
caught on 27th February, one boat catching 8 about the middle of the —
Minch. The largest of those sent to me from Stornoway was five and
three quarter inches long. At Castlebay, barra, none were reported.
None were reported to the fishery officers at Ullapool, Loch Broom,
Broadford, Skye, Oban, Campbeltown, Girvan, Ardrishaig, or Rothesay;
conference was’ held with the fishermen, and the sketch ‘of. the anchovy
shown to them, but none had ever caught or seen a similar fish. A para-
graph in the newspapers states they were captured in the Solway Histo
in May 1890.*
Thus anchovies were captured in Scotch waters apparently from the
middle of November to at least Ist March; an examination of the dates _
and places shows that they probably appeared almost simultaneously at
various parts of the coast. om
The great fisheries for anchovies are carried on off the Mediterranean
coasts of France, Italy, and Spain, on the Atlantic coasts of Portugal —
and Spain, and in the estuary of the Schelde in the Zuider-Zee, Holland. a
It appears also, from Mr Cunningham’s inquiries, that anchovies are taken
every winter in greater or less abundance by the sprat and pilchard fisher- __
men on the Southern coasts of England. ‘Their appearance in the waters =
off the Scotch coast, however, is very rare. Day mentions t that Peach
obtained a specimen caught in the herring-nets off Wick. So far as I can .
learn it has not previously been recorded from the west coast of Scotland, —
where, perhaps, it was most abundant. |
It would be difficult to explain the cause of the incursion of anchovies i ,
into Scotch waters last year. Mr Cunningham thinks that they are per- —
manent residents in the North Sea, and that those which appeared in the
Moray Firth in December did not migrate very far. The results of —
modern research certainly tend to discredit the old theory of the migra-
tion of sea fishes for long distances. But the capture of anchovies off ‘the oy
Hebrides forms a possible difficulty. There are three hypotheses: (1) That
the anchovies caught off the Scottish coast were derived from the shoals
frequenting their normal habitat many hundreds of miles away ; (2) that +
the anchovy is a permanent resident off the Scotch coast, but only appears
in Scotch waters in years when they happen to be very abundant; (ON
that they are normal inhabitants and that their presence was discovered
_ only when special attention was drawn to the subject.
PORE I Ne be St Tyce eo” Nae inc ne a
ed ony ob ts le Ae Sa% ,
Pe ee NS Se ae
ay fy ash he /
t eR ® 4 2 TINE 4 :
‘s Se ene ; ;
a . is pa
352 Part III1.—Eig ihh J Annual Report » c | q
he!
* The fishery officer at Greenock states that several fishermen in the Firth of Cie
informed him that every season they captured one or two of the fishes descraBeds
+ British Fishes, vol. ii. p. 207. — te a.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 353
In order to ascertain any special circumstances connected with the
regular anchovy fisheries on the Continent, I communicated with several
of the fishery authorities abroad, and shall give here a summary of part of
the information obtained—Professor Marion, the director of the Station
Zoologique D’Endoume, Marseille, has recently made a special study of
the anchovy in the Gulf of Marseilles. The anchovies approach the
coast in spring, and enter bays and estuaries; sometimes the great shoals
are met by the fishermen 20 miles off. The fishermen of Martigues
state that the anchovy comes in sometimes in March or April and some-
- times in summer, and that they pass out again in October, or November, or
December, according to the degree of cold and the prevalence of rains or
gales. Last year young anchovies were very abundant on the Mediter-
ranean coast, but it does not appear whether they were specially abundant
as compared with other years. .
Sefior Rafael Gutierren Vela, of the Spanish fisheries department,
informs me that the anchovy is obtained on both the Atlantic and
_ Mediterranean coasts; and that in the Mediterranean, especially in the
waters of Malaga and Ceuta, it is obtained not only in great abundance,
but frequently in the young and undeveloped stage. In this stage they
are called Vogwerones, and are highly esteemed for their delicacy and
flavour ; and although these young individuals are taken in great
quantities, no diminution has as yet been observed in the anchovy
fishery. On the Atilan.ic coast they do not often meet with the immature
anchovy. Sejior Vela’s opinion, in regard to the appearance of anchovies in
- unusual localities, is that ‘ their deviation from the normal zone of the great
‘ shoals’ is due 'to physical changes in the sea. He also states that some
fishermen hold the opinion that whales are very fond of the anchovy (and
the number of whales has in recent years increased on the Cantabrian
coast), and it seems that when whales appear the shoals of anchovies are
driven out of their usual course, or are broken up,
The important anchovy fishery in Dutch waters has been referred to.
I am informed by Captain Drechsel that anchovies are seldom caught in
Danish waters, and never in any quantity ; but they have been caught in
different places. Professor Giglioli knows of no fact relating to the
Mediterranean anchovy which would explain their occurrence in excep-
tional abundance last winter on the coasts of Great Britain. He adds :-—
‘ But surely the existence of Hngraulis encrasicholus in the North Sea
is not a novelty. The unusual fact is their greater number, is it not?’
It has been suggested that there might be a chance of starting an
anchovy fishery in Scotland by the use of special nets, but a little con-
sideration will show that the presence of the anchovy in Scottish waters
is probably a passing phenomenon, and likely to remain only a matter of
zoological interest. Mr Cunningham made efforts to start an anchovy
industry in England ; but when specimens of the English anchovy were
submitted to an eminent firm of anchovy-merchants, ‘they reported that
‘such fish would be perfectly useless to them for any of their manu-
‘ factures.’ In Norway and Denmark sprats are prepared as anchovies,
and are sold in this country as such. |
2. Experiments on the Migratory Movements of Sea Fish.
On board the ‘Garland’ last year, from March to November, numbered
brass labels were attached to about a thousand fishes, captured in the
trawl, and the fish were then returned to the sea. The experiments were
chiefly conducted in the Firth of Forth and St Andrews Bay. The
| z
}
4 q ‘ : "he “9
ae Seer ae Oe
ee ie
7 ory -
ee?
>
« a - “
ee ee a ee
eS
%
choad
eSe. y
wwe
rent inte
:
T
“+
re
354 Part ITI —EKighth Annual Report
numbers of the more important kinds of fish thus labelled and set free. a Y
are shown in the accompanying table. oa
so feiolsdig
S a2 : : se
Sd i hee Bi Ca lh et oa
S| ES S wA | BLES!) . 1/318 | 8)
2/88) 8 )s |2/2"|ei8/2\2
ae | © 4 4 Be | a Oo} ao
Firth of Forth, . . .| 48} 43 | 29 | 70 |11}] 8 |15] 5| 1] 6} |
St. Andrews Bay, . . | 259); 60 2 6 | 22 4 1 10
The brass labels were tied round the tail of the fish, and aluminium
wire was for several months employed to attach them; more recently
black silk cord has been alone used, and it answers well, All the fish
known to have been recaptured had the label attached by the silk cord.
These are shown in the second table. a
I think these experiments are fairly satisfactory; especially as ee,
represent only a few months trial since the silk cord was used. It will
be observed (1) that only plaice, cod and skate were recaptured; (2) that
the length of the fish had, when re-measured, diminished asa rule; (3)
that the fish were recaptured almost always very near to the place where
they were returned to the sea, sometimes months before. The other fish
labelled included witch soles, starry rays, cat-fish, lump-suckers, anglers,
and grey skate. i
It is probable that many of the lemon soles, dabs, and flounders perished _
because of their diminished vitality when returned to the sea (wide, p. 183);
plaice are very tenacious of life. About 24 per cent. of the plaice and
over 18 per cent. of the cod were faniered! In devising these experi-
ments I desired to obtain information not only as to the migrations of =
fishes, but also as to the rate of growth. I was therefore surprised to
find on measuring the specimens sent to me that they had often —
diminished rather than increased in length. By keeping a fresh plaice,
however, and measuring it on successive days, I found that it gradually
shrank from drying, e.g., a plaice 12 inches long shrunk two-fifths of an
inch within 48 hours. As the fish when they came into my hands had ©
usually been removed from the sea a day or two before, the measurements
given are in all cases under what they would have been when the fish
were just captured. Allowing for shrinking it would appear that their
rate of growth is not rapid, but it must be stated that the ligature had
caused abrasion round the tail which may have interfered with their
growth. Most of the fish were, however, very plump and in good condi-
tion.
It is perhaps surprising that these fishes should not have travelled —
further. The two plaice described as having been caught beyond the
Bell Rock, and the skate, were caught by beam-trawlers; ‘but none of the
fish caught by fishermen were obtained outside the territorial waters.
Plaice, up to 13 inches seem to remain within the territorial waters during
the spawning season off-shore (vide, p. 260). As the cost of these
”
aa
+ oh
experiments is very small, they will be continued on a jarge scale. a
3. Lhe Migrations and Reproduction of the Common Eel . <5
(Anguilla vulgaris). _ Be: :
There are many points connected with the life-history, and capella
with the reproduction, of the eel which are obscure. Eels, it is knowny ?
PN a
Osta"
f « J)
wn!
Me
/ W
Hic
Ny
>
4
{
H
r
\
}
F
an
"
{
’ *
3
3 = . oe ¥.
AS = Te) 2
= - 1 mn
a .
: “ToT MeL, (2) ria eg ‘Aon | * ‘puepp demas “ 2] ZL°PO | * * “qpoyyouy Jo ‘gq soppur g 0} J | ‘Avy Yovautouy,
33 . <c:. ( 66 if: 9L LI OL 29a e ‘gouvuoyy 49 yo A ‘ L 66 . . . ‘ 6c “TA 66 * sé = =
S - = gee : Ans = i Bt aa! oz ‘aaa | +) * Sqpeygour’g =“ g] TT‘AoN | * 8 * “QHOg “TTT UorEyg | * -
= 8 | -yeoq Surystg | .(peyeumse), — gr F6L eg ‘aon | * fourm “M'N'N “Z| ZE~O | °° “UHONYOUT Jo “wy sopturg oF J | * “pop
a 8 6881 |
— awe
> Ss y “IO MUL, TEL FI g oune |* . ‘poy fod ‘aN sopmg | “| ae wd bh : a ue
Ss ~< "MOTLIOYST,I () SIT udy | ° . « —Goow squaz, | “ “ . . 66 ¢é rT ‘6 : ‘ ‘
= = ; 3 ‘a1OYSB PoyseM @) 6 fra ‘spues uo eroyse poysem | ‘6 “ «R tob- SES ott & “ an ee = *
a 2 | $11 éll £5 S02 Pe 2 Seam Ag NP ROBUES [PT ss Sols se SE ee Ch Oh bh
< = 66 Sct : $21 g ‘goa ees . (3) Fe UE IE ° ‘ ‘ tc“ 6“ ‘6 . . ce
End ; : ; ‘ . e G
= “HOULLOYST 7 (i) ; 56 H [udy a) eae . a oh abe arer ‘ . 6“ 6c “AT 66 “
3 “TO MBL, 201 £01 @t. fe mom Teg we S vey gt. “5 =) Ang smeuptty 4g As Se
Ss wom ds tal $21 fer | ue few |* * | * ON BOSE | 2 ‘AON | * tS GMOT TA MONS | °° OO)
2= | ‘soyouy *soyouy 068 6881 ee Sees
PeTl9qeT ‘qySney eleyM “oye “poreqe'y exay M
‘yysneQ MOY | *parnsvoyy Woy oZIg
UdYM 9ZIg ©
“oped
356 Part ITI—Fighth Annual Report we - :
only propagate in the sea, or in brackish water, where the males are only |
found. The females descend from inland waters to the sea in autumn, — |
and the young (female) eels ascend from the sea in spring. With the
females are sometimes found specimens having the snout broader and of
great size—sometimes weighing 5 or 6 kilogrammes. The reproductive
organ in these consists of modified ovaries, that have undergone fatty
degeneration, the ova being completely absent ; they are sterile females —
which do not descend to the sea, like those sexually developed which
descend in autumn. Professor Vaillant states that when the eels reach
the sea the reproductive organs are imperfectly developed ; the ova are
not mature or ready for fertilisation. They are contained within the —
organ, they are all of the same size, destitute of vitelline membrane,
and have never been found as in other fishes when mature, lying free in
the abdominal cavity. Similarly, the testes show the mother cells, but
no sperms. What becomes of the eels when they reach the sea is a
mystery; none large or small have been obtained, and Dr Jacoby’s special
_ researches on this subject at Commachio were fruitless. The eel fishermen
in France believe they perish after reproduction; but this is very
improbable.
Some interesting facts in regard to the eel have been recently obtained.
At the beginning of May 1890, it was found at Howietoun that the —
water-supply from Loch Coulter had been interfered with on ten successive
nights. On each morning a number of eels were discovered in the sluice,
where the water is ten feet deep. Thirty females were obtained, and one
of these, 32 inches in length, and weighing about 2 lbs. was sent in by
Sir James Maitland, Bart. Each ovary was about 12 inches long in situ, —
and about 30 inches long when the frills or plications were measured.
Microscopic sections were made, which showed that the ova were in
various stages of development, some of them, 0°25 mm. in diameter,
being nearly ripe. Mr Ramsay Smith made -a calculation of the number
of eggs present in the two ovaries, and found that these were approxi-
mately 10,077,000. Seeley,* gives the number as several millions ; and
Syrski,t who has made an elaborate study of the reproductive organs
of the eel, calculated that the ovaries contained 5,000,000. . The largest
ova obtained by Syrski had a diameter of one-fourth to one-fifth of a
millimetre. Seeley states that in August their diameter is 0°09 mm.;
in September 0°10 mm.; in October, 0°16 mm.; and in November 0-23
mm. The diameter of the larger ova in the Howietoun eel was, it will
be seen, greater. Eels have been found in December and January on the
Prussian coast with the ova having a diameter of only 0-03 to 0°09 mm.
In the eels found at Howietoun many of the ova were very nearly
mature; this was apparent not merely from their size, but from their
microscopic appearance. Many were, however, much less advanced in
development. | The sections showed very well the formation of the
ovarian leaflets, and the progressive stages of the ova. #
There can be no doubt that these eels when caught were migrating to 3
the sea, and from the condition of the ovaries it is obvious that the
migration was for the purpose of reproduction.. The interest relates to
. the period of migration. The general seaward migration of female eels
approaching maturity takes place in autumn. Two explanations may be
offered ; (1) that these eels had by some means been prevented from
migrating at the usual time—not a very satisfactory explanation ; (2) that
the eels from Loch Coulter begin to migrate at the beginning of summer. 4 ;
It is known that the commencement of the migrating movement varies
* Fresh-water Fishes of Europe, p. 878, 1886. ae i
+ Boll. della Soc. Adriatica di Science naturali in Trieste, No. L Trieste 1875.
¥
! pha Si a rab y eee Rg eT yy
~
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 357
somewhat in different places. Loch Coulter is joined to the river Forth
by a water-courso about ten miles long (the Coulter Burn and Bannock-
burn); but the water is not brackish for several miles below the point of
junction.
4. Rare and Uncommon Fishes.
Carelophus ascanii.—A specimen of this fish was obtained by Mr Peter
Jamieson, of the Board’s Marine Laboratory, Dunbar, It was 54 inches
long, and was caught on a hook, two miles off the mouth of the Tyne,
Haddingtonshire, on 13th September 1889. It has not been previously
recorded as having taken a bait, but is occasionally captured in crab pots.
Caranx trachurus.—One specimen of the horse mackerel, 13 inches
long, was taken in the trawl at Station I., Firth of Forth on 31st August
1889.
Motella mustella.—Two specimens, one 4 inches and the other 34
inches long, were taken in the trawl at Station IV., St Andrews Bay, on
19th October 1889 ; another specimen, 42 inches long, was caught in
the trawl on 21st March 1890 in Largo Bay.
Motella cimbria.—A specimen of the four-bearded rockling was captured
in the trawl on 16th May 1889, at Station I[X., Forth. Three specimens,
64 and 54 inches long were caught i in the trawl on 22nd February 1890,
near the mouth of the Forth.
Motella tricirrata.—Two specimens, 54 inches long were captured in
the trawl on 10th May, at Station V., Forth; one, 6 inches long, on 9th
May at Station VIII. ; three from 6 to 9 inches long, in 53 fathoms in the
Moray Firth on ‘th J uly 1889. This fish is frequently captured in
crab pots. One, 152 inches long, was taken on 2nd June in a crab pot
off Dunbar ; one, 16 inches long, was caught in a crab pot on Ist May,
half a mile from Berwick.
Lumpenus lampetriformis.-—A large number of specimens of this fish
were taken in the trawl; one, 6 inches in length, near May Island on
17th October 1889 ; eight, 12 and 10 inches long at Station II., Firth of
Forth, on 14th May 1889; one, 103 inches long at Station VILL, on
16th May 1889; eight from 91 to 121 inches long at Station eae on
16th May 1889; ‘eight from 4 bo i hohe long at the mouth of the Forth
on 22nd February 1890; 61 specimens, in two hauls, from 3 to 10
inches, in the same locality on March 19th 1890; 135 in one haul, from
4 to 14 inches, also at the mouth of the Forth, on 28th April 1890; 21
near the same locality, also on 28th April; 96 in one haul, from 6 to 11
inches long at Station V., Forth, on 10th May 1890. No doubt a migra-
tion of this fish to the mouth of the Forth has taken place.
Zeugopterus punctatus.—A specimen 24 inches long was captured in
the trawl in Largo Bay on 21st March; Mr Peter Jamieson obtained a
male specimen, 7 inches long, caught in a crab pot off Dunbar on 6th:
‘May.
Trachinus draco. —The Greater Weever was captured on 21st May 1889
by Mr Thomas Scott, F.L.S., in Largo Bay, Firth of Forth; it was 9 inches
in length. Mr Scott states that it is an addition to the faunistic list of
F; _ the Forth.
— Myzxine glutinosa.—Twenty-two specimens were captured in the trawl
on 11th July in the Moray Firth, in 53 fathoms of water, 12 miles
off Cullen. They were from 74 to 12 inches Jong.
Mr F. Nansen, has stated* that Myaxine is usually a protandric
‘a hermaphrodite. Until it is about 12} inches long it is a male; after that
it produces ova, which are deposited throughout the year.
* Jour. Roy. Mier. Soc,, part ii. 1889, p, 188.
358 Part IIL—Kighth Annual Report =
- Clupea alosa.—A large specimen of the Alice Shad, 24 inches lng Pi
and weighing 6 lbs. was caught on 28th April 1890 in a salmon-net near —
Peterhead. Cue
5. Ezxperiinents in the Cross-fertilisation of different species of Fish.
I instructed Mr Thomas Scott, while carrying on his work on board the ~
‘ Garland,’ to take such opportunities as offered to test the effect of the
influence of the milt of one species on the ova of others. These experi-
ments are of much interest in relation to the question of hybridism. a
(1) Gurnard and Whiting.—Mr Scott fertilised the ova of Trigla
gurnardus, belonging to the family Cottide, with the milt of Gadus —
merlangus, which belongs to the Gadide. Development proceeded for
above 36 hours ; thereafter the ova died, apparently from the want of
fresh sea water.
(2) Lemon Sole and Turbot.—Mr Scott fertilised the ova of Pleuronectes
microcephalus with the milt of Rhombus maximus, which belong to
different divisions of the Pleuronectide. Development proceeded one
until the middle of the third day, when the ova perished from dust :
getting into the water. The embryo was then well formed, and hatching —
would probably have occurred about the 7th or 8th day.
(3) Lump-sucker and Flounder.—The eggs of Cyclopterus lumpus
belonging to the Discoboli, were treated with milt of Pleuronectes flesus,
belonging to the Pleuronectide. Development proceeded for a shorttime, _
but they were dead and had lost their red colour, within 20 hours after —
impregnation.
T. WEMYSS FULTON.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 309°
SECTION €.—CONTEMPORARY WORK,
NOTES ON CONTEMPORARY WORK RELATING TO FISHERIES
IN THIS AND OTHER COUNTRIES. By Dr T. Wemyss
Futon, Secretary for Scientific Investigations.
In the following account of the scientific fishery work being carried on
in foreign states, it will be noticed that there are three prominent subjects
engaging attention; (1) The establishment of hatcheries for sea fish,
lobsters, &c.; (2) the investigation of the action of various modes of
fishing respecting the capture of immature fish, and the institution of
means to lessen such capture; (3) investigations into the reproduction,
food, and habits of sea fishes.
A large part of the information has been made available by the receipt
of fishery and other publications in exchange for the Board’s Annual
Report ; and an important and highly useful fishery library is thus gradu-
ally being formed.
_ I have to thank many foreign fishery authorities for assistance in this
department; not merely in supplying reports and publications referring to
their work, but in furnishing, promptly and readily, all information in
their power on points submitted to them.
Among these I may mention M. Raveret Wattel, Secretary to the
Societé d’ Acclimitation de France; Dr P. P. C. Hoek, Scientific Super-
intendent of Dutch Fisheries ; Colonel Marshall McDonald, the Fishery
Commissioner of the United States ; Captain Drechsel, the Superintendent
of Danish Fisheries, and the Naturalist Dr Petersen ; Professor Pouchet,
the Director of the Concarneau Laboratory; Professor Marion, the
Director of the Laboratoire d’ Endoume, Marseille ; Captain Dannevig,
the Superintendent of the well-known hatchery at Flodevig; Sejior
Rafael Gutierren Vela, of the Spanish Fisheries Department; Sir Charles asa
‘Tupper, the High Commissioner for Canada; Mr Nielsen, the Super- ig
intendent of the Newfoundland Fisheries ; Professor Giglioli, of Florence ; a
-and His Highness Prince Albert of Monaco. Among those at home who ea
have been always willing to co-operate I must specially mention Sir Thomas mi.
F. Brady and the other Inspectors of Irish Fisheries, and Professor :
M‘Intosh, F.R.S.; also Mr Bourne, the Director of the Marine Biological a)
Association’s Laboratory at Plymouth; Mr Olsen, the Secretary of the %
Grimsby Marine Fisheries Society: and Mr J. Wrench Towse, the 4
Honorary Secretary to the National Sea Fisheries Protection Association. >
To Mr W. Anderson Smith, Ledaig, I am specially indebted ; both for '
aid in translating foreign reports, and for advice and assistance. .
1. GREAT BRITAIN. ‘a
A most important contribution to fishery science during the year is ae
the extensive and elaborate memoir by Professor M‘Intosh and Mr E. E, ee
Prince, ‘On the Development and Life-Histories of the Teleostean oe
_ Food and other Fishes.’ * The observations were made at the Fishery | ao
_ Board’ Marine Laboratory at St Andrews under the auspices of the ) ne
Board. The authors give the results of their studies of the ovarian cy.
* Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxv. part iii. (No. 19), pls, i-xxviii, i sy
Wata
Aa =e
360 Part II[.—KHighth Annual Report
growth, oviposition, hatching, and development of a large number of the
food-fishes, the descriptions being illustrated by twenty-eight beautiful
plates. The ova examined are arranged in two divisions (1) pelagic or —
floating eggs ; (2) non-pelagic or demersal eggs. Under the former come
those of the long rough dab, turbot, plaice, lemon dab, craig-fluke,
common dab, common flounder, sole, Miiller’s topknot, ling, five-bearded
rockling, cod, haddock, bib, whiting, poor cod, green cod, pollack, frog-
iish, skulpin, lesser weever, sprat, and grey gurnard. Under the latter
division those of the herring, smelt, salmon, trout, bimaculated sucker,
wolf-fish, shanny, viviparous blenny, Montagu’s sucker, lump-sucker, |
goby, armed bullhead, cottus, fifteen-spined and three-spined stickleback,
sea-bream, gunnel, Xe. .
The eges of most of these species are described in detail. When
dealing with the extrusion and deposition of the eggs, the authors: state
that among those whose eggs are demersal, deposition may be very rapid
(salmon, Jump-sucker, Cottus scorpius); while among those with pelagic
ova extrusion may be prolonged and intermittent, as is the case with the
ling, flounder, cod, and especially the common gurnard,
The authors give an elaborate description of the various phenomena of
development, the structure of the ova &c., which cannot be summarised
here. Of more general interest are the chapters on the embryonic, larval,
and post-larval conditions of the food-fishes belonging to the gadide,
pleuronectide, &c. Professor M‘Intosh succeeded in obtaining a com-
plete series of the young cod. In June they were captured in the trawl
tow-net and in the mid-water net sunk three or four fathoms in water six
or seven fathoms deep, showing that they generally frequent the lower
regions of the water. The post-larval stages of the haddock have hitherto
escaped detection. Among the general remarks on the post-larval fishes
is an interesting account of the habitats and migrations (so far as known)
of the young of various round and flat fish ; but it is evident our know-
ledge of this chapter of fish life is as yet very imperfect. The development
and life history of the wolf-fish (Anarrhichas lupus) is very fully
described.
There is little doubt this memoir will become classical in fishery
literature. - ;
Mr W. Anderson Smith, Ledaig, has made a study of the ‘marine life
destroyed by the trawl, and its influence on fish life,* in which he chiefly
deals with the destructive action of the beam trawl on the organisms
which form the food of edible fishes. He states that multitudes of
crustacea, echinodermata, mollusca, &c., are taken and destroyed by the
trawl-net, which also destroys the Alyconia, Sertularide, &c., upon which
these invertebrates largely feed. ‘We thus find that this great engine
‘tears up the sea-bottom, and practically clears it of its invertebrate life,
‘so that the stretches of bottom covered with zoophyte growths are
‘destroyed as fish nurseries. The crustacean fauna is killed or captured,
‘or its food supply removed. The molluscan or soft-bodied fauna is like-
‘wise destroyed, while the sea-urchins and star-fish are cleared away
‘wholesale.’ Mr Smith also refers to the capture and destruction of im-
mature fish by the beam trawl and shrimp trawl, especially near shore.
The National Sea Fisheries Protection Association held a conference
last year at which some subjects of general interest were discussed.t The
capture and sale of immature fish was the first subject considered, and the
following resolution was passed :—‘ That the subject be adjourned in fe
* Trans. Highland and Agricult. Soc. Scot., Fifth Series, vol. ii. p. 44, 1890.
+ Report of Proceedings at the Conference of Representatives of the Sea Fishing In-
dustry, 1889. London, 1889, <a
\
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 361
‘order that more time may be given to examine the grounds of alarm felt
‘as to the effect upon our fisheries by the taking and sale of immature
‘ fish, to watch the operation of the Sea Fisheries Regulations Act, 1888,
‘and the recent legislation in Denmark, and to enable the results of
‘observations and experiments which are proceeding to be obtained.
‘ Also, that a committee be appointed to consider and report on the subject
‘to the next conference, or earlier, at the discretion of the Executive
‘ Committee.’ The association has arranged for an International Conference
being held on this subject in London in July next (1890).
The inspectors of Irish Fisheries issued last year a blue book, containing
a report on their inquiry as to the desirability of passing a bye-law to
prohibit beam trawling in Lough Swilly, County Donegal, together with
the evidence brought before them at the various places visited. The
inspectors point out that there are no statistics available as to the quantity
of fish captured in Lough Swilly, and report as follows :—(1) There is
no evidence to show that trawling destroys the spawn or spawning beds
of any fish ; (2) there is evidence that immature fish are taken in the
trawl-net ; but the quantity is, in their opinion, almost infinitesimal, and
certainly inappreciable as affecting the supply; (3) it is difficult to
determine whether the action of the trawl through the water would have
the effect of breaking up or scaring away the shoals or schools of herrings
or mackerels coming into the bay; that such is the case was not proved
in evidence ; (4) that they do not possess the means for a scientific in-
vestigation of the effect of trawling in Irish waters, such as is possessed
by the Scotch Fishery Board, in order to determine what might be the
effect of the suspension of trawling, and that until such means are
provided it would be unwise to interfere with beam trawling in the
Lough. There can be little doubt that there would be much risk in
applying the results or conclusions derived from experimental observations
on the East Coast of Scotland to the coast of Ireland, where the fauna,
physical conditions, &c. are so different.
The Marine Fisheries Society, Great Grimsby, recently issued their
first Annual Report.* This society was formed at Grimsby in 1888 to
inquire into various questions related to the protection and promotion of
English fisheries, and especially to establish a hatchery for the artificial
. culture of sea fish. The hatchery is situated at Cleethorpes, and the
hatching room measures thirty-seven by twenty-one feet. The aquarium
tanks are seventeen in number, forming a reservoir capable of storing
about 4000 gallons of water. In each hatching tank there is room for
twelve wooden boxes or trays, each 16-inches by 10 inches and 9 inches
deep. Unfortunately, owing to the non-completion of the hatchery and
the fixing of the engine and pump for circulating the water, no actual
work could be commenced until the spawning season was over. :
Since our last report appeared two numbers of the Journal of the
Marine Biological Association have been published. In the first of thesey
the papers deal generally with subjects of scientific interest, such as
certain points in the anatomy of Dinophilus, by Mr S. F. Harmer, the
ceelom and nephridia of Palemon serratus, and the function of the spines
of the crustacean zocea, by Mr W. F. R. Weldon ; the structure of the ree
thallus of Delesseria sanguinea, by Mr M. C. Potter; and TZealia — Acs
tuberculata, Cocks, a study in synonymy, by Mr J. T. Cunningham. os
There is also a report by Mr G. ©. Bourne, the director, on the pelagic > See
copepoda collected at Plymouth ; and one by Mr W. Garstang, on the esaht
nudibranchiate mollusca of Plymouth Sound. -Of more general interest ee
ce, * First Ann. Rep. Marine Fisheries Soc., Great Grimsby, Grimsby, 1890. ag
he gh AS" + New Ser., vol. 1, No. 2, October 1889. on
r | ‘ F
Rese. ce
h + pal yee ¥ 4 EAS
362 Part II—Highth Annual Report
is a paper by Mr Bourne on the destruction of immature fish, It is
stated that very young flat-fish are not captured in the large beam trawls
working off Plymouth in depths of thirty to forty fathoms; and that:
while flat-fish somewhat less than six inches in length are not uncommon,
they invariably belong to worthless or nearly worthless species. Mr J.
T. Cunningham, the naturalist of the association, found very young flat-
fishes in Mevagissey Harbour in the pools at low tide. There were a —
few soles, about half an inch long, but the great majority were flounders,
from three-eighths to three-quarters of an inch in length. Mr Bourne states
that in regard to ‘ round-fish it is known that when young they frequent
‘ rocky bottoms where the trawl cannot work, and their rarity in the trawl
‘proves that they are not destroyed by it.’—This is probably true, without
much qualification, in regard to very small haddock ; but itis not the case
with regard to cod or whiting, several thousand immature whitings having
been taken in one haul of the ‘ Garland’s’ special trawl ( vide, p. 173). In
the director’s report it is stated that the first practical investigation last —
year was a renewed study of the development of the herring, but the
larvee perished as soon as the yelk-sac was absorbed, from the common
difficulty of providing them with suitable food. The experiments in the
hatching and rearing of lobsters were carried on with success up to a
certain stage; but the welled vessel in which they were confined
unfortunately sprung a leak and sank, and the young lobsters escaped.
In the second number of the Journal * there is a valuable and suggestive
paper by Mr W. Bateson, on the sense organs and perceptions of fishes ;
with remarks on the supply of bait. Mr Bateson after describing the
sense organs of fishes, gives the results of his researches and experiments
on the mode in which various fishes use them in obtaining their food.
The majority of fishes seek their food chiefly if not entirely by sight, but
a certain number hunt for and recognise it by the sense of smell alone,
while a few species are also aided by special organs of touch. Lists of
these fishes are given and the results of various experiments. This part
of Mr Bateson’s paper is most excellent, and throws much light upon the
habits of fishes. tis however questionable if it will furnish the readiest
path to the solution of the bait problem ; and for this reason, that the
baits found most successful by fishermen have usually little relation to
the natural food of the fish. For instance, mussels form the best bait for |
haddocks and codlings, and many thousands of tons of these fish are —
caught off the Scotch coast every year with mussel bait ; but a mussel is
never found in their stomachs. The same observation may be made in
regard to the clam (Pecten) and many other baits. At the same time
there is no doubt Mr Bateson’s experiments may be useful in suggesting
a cheap substitute for natural bait. The experiments 1 made on a large
scale in 1888, by using a great variety of substances, differently coloured,
and scented with fish and other extracts, were unsuccessful.t Another
paper of interest in this number of the Journal is Mr Cunningham's
on anchovies in the English Channel. Mr Cunningham gives an account
of all that is known about the anchovy, and describes its appearance in
the English Channel. This paper is referred to elsewhere (p. 351).
An account of the work carried on at the Marine Biological Station at
Puffin Island is given in the third volume of the Proceedings of the
Liverpool Biological Society, by Professor Herdman, the Director. It is
mentioned that myriads of young mussels are sometimes found in the
neighbourhood, in such abundance that all projecting objects are almost —
blackened by the adhering ‘masses; but that very few reach maturity,
* New Ser., vol. 1, No. 3, April 1890. Shera ;
+ Vide Seventh Annual Report Scot. Fishery Board, part ili. p. 352, 1889.
> of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 363
most of them disappearing very soon. He suggests it might be found
worth while to establish artificial mussel-beds in the locality. In the
same volume, Mr J. C. Thompson describes tow-net collections from the
west coast of N orway. He refers to the general absence of ovisacs among
marine Copepoda ; and states his opinion that one of the most abundant,
Calanus jinmarehicus, so important as food for the herring, casts its ova
directly into the water, just as fishes do. The general absence of ovisacs
in females of marine welagic copepods was much impressed upon me two
or three years ago when working at the group; and as Mr Thompson, to
whom I wrote on the subject, promised to pay attention to the point, and
has been engaged since in their study, it may be now generally accepted
that these forms cast their ova free into the water. Grobben, some years
ago, proved that this was the case with Calanus, which he kept in a
watch-glass until the eggs were deposited. The volume also contains
reports on various groups of marine invertebrates found in the district.
Mr George Brook * has described the larval stages of Motella cimbria.
A shoal of the larvee of this species was met with at the surface, in
September, in Whiting Bay, Arran. A peculiarity of Motella is the
enormous development. of the ventral fins in the larvee ; Mr Brook gives a
table showing the relative development of the fins in larve of different
Sizes.
2. THE UNITED STATES.
The Fourteenth Report of the United States Fish Commission, that for
1886, was published last year; it is a bulky volume of over 1000 pages.
The work of the United States Fish Commission may be divided into two
branches ; first, inquiries into the fishing grounds, and the life-histories,
} reproduction, &c., of the food-fishes frequenting them; and second,
operations in the hatching of fish and shell-fish. In 1886 operations were
carried on along the Eastern coast from the Straits of Florida to
Newfoundland, and i inquiries were made into the range and habits of the
important food-fishes, such as the halibut, the mackerel, menhaden,
sardine, &c. In 1886 the Commission became possessed of an additional
vessel, the ‘Grampus,’ a sailing ship specially constructed to carry on
fishery work, and provided with a well in which marine fishes can be
kept alive and transported to the hatcheries where their eggs may be
available. The ‘Grampus’ is fitted for using a beam trawl to test its
commercial utility in American waters, where, however, the flat-fishes are
not by any means so important as in Europe.
It is intended to utilise a welled vessel like the ‘Grampus’ to trans-
* port valuable food-fishes from Europe, such as the sole, turbot, plaice, and
brill, which are not found in American waters. In 1886 several con-
signments of English soles were received alive from England ; they were
kept at Wood’s Holl in the hope of using them for breeding purposes.
Among other fishes whose artificial propagation has been undertaken are
the halibut, which is getting scarce on the old fishing grounds, the cod, the
mackerel, the black bass, the perch, smelt, white fish, and various species
of salmonide, Hundreds of thousands of young cod, hatched at Wood’s
Holl, have been successfully transported to the Gulf of Mexico and
Chesapeake Bay, with the hope of forming cod colonies at these places.
By means of the ‘Grampus’ over 43,000,000 cod eggs were made avail-
able at Wood’s Holl, and of these 20,000,000 were hatched and planted
Y in the immediate vicinity of the station. In 1886 the Commission dis-
tributed over ninety millions of shad fry which were planted in various
* Proc, Roy. Phys. Soc, Edin., vol. x. part i, 1889.
364 Part III—Highth Annual Report
waters. At Wood’s Holl the experiments on the hatching and rearing of
lobsters were continued, the numbers in the hatching jars reaching some-
times nearly a million. The young were deposited in Vineyard Sound
and adjacent waters. Five thousand lobsters two or three weeks oid
were planted in Cold Spring Harbour.
The Appendices to the Report contain thirty-two papers and reports.
There is an elaborate account of the sea fisheries of Eastern North
America by the late Commissioner, Professor Spencer Baird, who founded
the Fish Commission, and under whose wise and broad administration it has
grown to be the custodian and conservator of one of the most important
food resources. In this paper the food and the reproduction of the sea
fishes, their migrations and movements, numbers and abundance, &c., are
discussed at length. The important fishing grounds and the methods of
capture and the best methods of preserving fish and bait are described.
The maintenance and improvement of the fisheries by wise legislation,
artificial propagation, and the transfer of species from one region to
another are recommended, Messrs Goss and Jordan give a review of
the flounders and soles (Pleuronectidz) of America and Europe, with the
synonymy of all the genera and species and analytical keys, and Mr E.
Linton describes the entozoa of marine fishes.
This report shows how thoroughly well equipped the United States
Fish Commission is for the work in which it is engaged. It possesses
three steamers and a sailing vessel entirely devoted to fishery inquiries, a
large staff, a large number of hatcheries, including the extensive one at
Wood’s Holl, specially constructed for the culture of sea fish and lobsters ;
and it receives a very large annual appropriation from the Government.
The authorities of Johns Hopkins University have been good enough
to send such of their publications as contain matters bearing upon fishery
investigations. In the Studies from the Biological Laboratory,* Mr
S. Watase describes the morphology of the compound eyes of several
crustacea, and also discusses briefly the visual organs in star-fishes and
sea-urchins. In the University Circular for April 1890, there is a paper
by Mr H. V. Wilson on the Development of the Sea-Bass; and one by
Mr F. H. Herrick on the Development of the American lobster (Homarus
americanus). The spawning season of the American lobster does not
appear to be confined to any special season of the year, although it is
probable they are most prolific during the summer months. The period
of hatching at Wood’s Holl in the summer (July—September) is not far
from 100 days. |
An account is given of the process of segmentation and development
of the egg.
3. CANADA.
In 1889, the Canadian Government, desirous of increasing the diminish- |
ing exports of Canadian herring (especially to the United States, and the
British West Indies) by improving the selection and cure, appointed a
Commission, consisting of Mr William Gunn and Mr M. G. M‘Leod, to
visit Great Britain and Holland and report upon the herring fisheries and
mode of cure in these countries, The report of the Commissioners was
recently issued as a blue book,} and contains a description of the Scotch
and Dutch fisheries and mode of cure. The Commissioners ‘consider
* Vol. iv. No. 6, p. 287, 1890.
+ Report of Mr William Gunn of Walkerton, Ont., and Mr M. G. u ‘Leod of New
Haven, U. S., appointed to inquire into the Herring Fishing Industry of Great Britain
and Holland, ’ Ottawa, 1889.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 365
‘the Scotch system of treating herring as an article of commerce, to be as
‘ perfect as any system can be when honestly carried out in all its in-
‘tegrity’; and urge the adoption, as far as possible in Canada, of the
Scotch system, Their chief recommendations are (1) that the curing of
herrings should not be, as now, left in the hands of the fishermen, but
should be undertaken by a special class ; (2) that an inspector or super-
intendent should be appointed to arrange a general classification of
herrings, and a graded branding standard; the object being to secure, as
nearly as possible, a general Dominion standard on the same lines as the
graded standard of Scotland; (3) that a thoroughly trained Scotch
herring cooper should be established in each sea-board county, to act as
head inspector and superintend everything relating to the selection, cure,
and branding of the fish ; (4) that a crew of expert herring-gutting girls
should be imported from Scotland to each county.
4. NEWFOUNDLAND.
Up till a year or two ago the Newfoundland fisheries were under no
special fishery department, although fishing forms by far the most im-
portant industry in the island.* Many unsuccessful efforts were made by
the legislature in successive years to secure a scientific investigation of the
fisheries, and to place their supervision under a special bureau or tishery
department. The depressed condition of the Newfoundland fisheries
during the past few years, and the frequent and alarming failures in the
shore fisheries, combined to emphasise the necessity of taking prompt and
energetic means for their restoration and protection. After inquiry as to
the working of fisheries departments in other countries, an executive com-
mittee was formed, a superintendent (Mr Adolf Neilsen) appointed, and
arrangements made for the erection of fish hatcheries for the propagation
of cod and other sea fishes and lobsters. This hatchery was erected last
year at Dildo Island, ‘Trinity Bay, but too late for the hatching of cod
during last season.t By means of floating hatching boxes, however,
4,039,000 lobsters were hatched, and it is recommended that lobster
hatcheries should be established round the coast, especially for the
utilisation of the immense quantities of lobster spawn, at present wasted
at the lobster factories.
There is little doubt that this enlightened and energetic policy of the
Newfoundland Government will lead to the promotion of the important
fishing industries of the colony.
5. HOLLAND.
Two or three years ago the scientific investigations in connection with
the Dutch fisheries were placed on a secure foundation by the appoint-
ment of Dr P. P. C. Hoek as Scientific Superintendent of Fisheries.
During the years 1888 and 1889 a systematic investigation of the
fisheries in the Zuider-Zee was carried on by Dr Hoek, a report on which
has recently appeared. In Part III. of the Sixth Annual Report (pp. 306
and 307) a brief reference was made to the Zuider-Zee fishings, and to
the principal question which caused discontent and animosity among the
™* Report of the Fisheries Commission appointed by His Excellency the Governor in
Council to investigate the Operations of Fisheries Departments in other Countries, St
John’s, N.F., 1888.
+ Annual Report of the Newfoundland Fisheries Commission for the year 1889, St
John’s, N.F., 1890.
366 Part IIL—Eighth Annual Report ey.
: Y > 9
fishing population; namely, whether the fishing with so-called ‘kuil’- |
nets was injurious to the increase of the food-fishes, or whether the
damage caused by those nets was of no consequence. The opinion of the
fishermen was, and is, divided in regard to this point, and this partly at =
least might be ascribed to the circumstance that those nets are not used
by all the fishermen to the same extent and in the same way. Three
different forms of ‘kuil’-nets are to be distinguished. There is the so-
called ‘wonder’ kuil (‘the marvellously-fishing trawl’) which is slung
between two ships; then there is the ‘kwak’ kuil, the same net as the
‘wonder’ kuil, attached behind the rudder to one vessel only, not taking
so abundant catches as the ‘ wonder’ kuil does, but used with success in
the shrimp-fishery ; finally, there is the ‘dwars’ kuil, smaller than the
others and attached to a spar which projects transversely (whence the ©
name ‘dwars’ =‘ transverse’ kuil) far beyond the sideboard of the vessel.
The vessels using the ‘ dwars’ kuil are smaller than those fishing with the
aid of the ‘ wonder’ and ‘kwak’ kuil; and the ‘ dwars’ kuil itself is smaller
than the other trawls. In one principal point, however, all the ‘ kuil’-
nets are alike; they all take everything which enters their mouth, they
do not choose their catch, and not only mature or full-grown fishes are
taken, but also young and even very small ones. Originally the main
use of the ‘wonder’ kuil was for catching anchovies (Hngraulis encrasi-
cholus), the ‘kwak’ kuil for catching shrimps (Crangon vulgaris), and
the ‘dwars’ kuil for taking eels, and also for taking bait for the eel-
bownets. With the decrease of the Zuider-Zee fishery, and in consequence
of the difficulty to gain a living from their legitimate industry, many of .
the fishermen began to nse the ‘wonder’ kuil and the ‘kwak’ kuil for
taking young and very small fishes, only fit to be sold to the peasants,
who use them as food for ducks and as manure.
It can hardly be doubted that the fish production of the Zuider-Zee has
suffered severely from this practice, the more so as the number of the
fishing boats has increased considerably during late years. Most pro-
bably the increase of the fishing fleet in the Zuider-Zee has even been
more pernicious than the fishing with the ‘kuil’. In this connection the
term ‘ Zuider-Zee fishery’ only means the fishing in that part of the Zui-
der-Zee which is south of the line Enkhuizen Staveren. This part has a
surface of only about 300,000 hectares, while over 1000 boats from 16.
to 35 tons burden, and perhaps 500 smaller ones are fishing there, and
over 3000 fishermen, heads of families, try to gain a living from this
limited area.
To understand the difficulty of the case it is necessary first of all to
know which fish form the principal object of the Zuider-Zee fishing, and
in the second place to be acquainted with the differences which exists
between the fishermen of the west coast of the Zuider-Zee, and those in-
habiting the south coast,
The herring, the flounder (Pleur onectes flesus), the anchovy, the smelt,
and the eel are the principal fishes taken in the Zuider-Zee. Of those the
first in every respect is the most important; the Zuider-Zee herring is
rather small and not very fat, and in the smoked condition is highly
esteemed, and so forms a valuable article of food not alone for the Dutch,
for it is exported to Belgium and Germany in great quantities, This
herring is caught in the Zuider-Zee in the early spring months, spawns in
May and J une, and begins to enter the Zuider-Zee in autumn. In mild
winters it is taken in all months from October until May; it ceases to
enter, however, as soon as the water becomes too cold, so that in most
years there is no herring fishing in the Zuider-Zee ‘during December
and January. The fish is in superior condition in autumn, and then Sie
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 367
brings from 6s. to 10s. the 200; it is still in good condition in February
and March, and brings then 3 to 5 shillings the 200. In April, when
immense shoals begin to arrive, the value goes down very fast ; and ships
are finally loaded with them for a few shillings, and they are taken to poor
sandy soils, there to serve as manure for cauliflowers or other vegetables.
Of late years in the Zuider-Zee a good catch of herring had become an
exception ; the autumn herring had nearly quite disappeared,* and the
spring herring only entered in great numbers in the latter part of the
season, when the fish was worthless, partly in consequence of its condition,
partly because then the fasting of the Roman Catholics ceased and the
demand for smoked herring only is important during that period. .
The principal question to be decided by scientific investigation was,
whether the fishing with ‘kuil ’-nets in the Zuider-Zee might have exercised
an injurious influence on the herring production of that sea. Now it was
well-known that a small herring-like fish, called ‘ bliek’ by the fishermen,
was caught in immense quantities with these nets. It always forms the
main part of the masses of immature fish, the so-called ‘ nest,’ which are sold
as food for ducks or as manure. ‘Though these small fishes from about
8-12 centimetres in length had never been observed with their reproductive |
organs developed, those fishermen who inhabit the village of Vollendam,
at the west coast of the Zuider-Zee, and who were accustomed to fishing
with the ‘ wonder ’-kuils always asserted that it was a distinct species of
fish and that it had nothing to do with the herring. This assertion, of
course, was hotly contradicted by the fishermen of the south coast, who
- did not so much practice the ‘kuil-net’ fishing. As the prosperity of the
latter during the winter months always depends entirely on a successful °
herring fishing, while many of the fishermen from Volendam, accustomed
to ‘nest’ fishing in the summer months, in winter time fish in the
North Sea for plaice, cod, haddock, &c., it need hardly be said that a solu-
tion of the problem, whether the so-called ‘zeebliek’ was young Zuider-Zee
herring or not, was a matter of high importance for the regulation of :
the Zuider-Zee fishing.
Dr Hoek’s investigations cleared up this question. In the first
place, he determined that the Zuider-Zee herring represents a distinct race
of herrings, not quite identical with, but in most respects resembling
' the spring herring of the Baltic, so well-known to naturalists from the
investigations of Dr Heincke of Oldenburg. In the next place, it was
ascertained that this herring enters the Zuider-Zee for the purpose of spawn-
ing there, that it spawns in May in those parts of the Zuider-Zee where the
water is nearly fresh, that its larvee are a great deal smaller than are those
of the herring of the open North Sea; that the young herring stays in the
Zuider-Zee till it is 19 or 12 centimetres long and returns from the open sea
either (1) as a half-grown herring of about 16 centimetres in length in that
condition erroneously called sprat by the fishermen, or (2) as a full grown
herring approaching maturity, or nearly or quite ripe, of a length of 20 to
25 centimetres. Through Dr Hoek’s investigations it is made evident that
the young herrings, which are killed in immense quantities by the kuil-nets,
and the full-grown herrings which form the most important part of the
fishing during the winter, are one and the same species, only differing in
\
age. It was proved by these researches that the supposition on which a
the existing law rested prohibiting the fishing with ‘ Wonderkuilen nah
_ during nine months of the year, was right, or various reasons, however, ee
Dr Hoek did not decide on advising the Dutch government to extend the 'S
_ existing law. ‘These reasons were, first, that this law permits the fishing Bk
i , : : ab
* In the autumn of 1889, for the first time for several years, aconsiderable catch of _ ‘aa
herring took place, Sra
Ri \ ne ‘
rele
i
368 Part III—Eighth Annual Report
with these nets during the three months May to July, which are precisely __
those months in which these nets are in all probability by far the most
injurious. In those months, also, nearly all the fishermen of the Zuider-
Zee, use these nets for catching anchovies—for which reason none of them
wished to have it prohibited at that time. Another reason was that the
‘wonder ’-kuil is practically the same net as the ‘kwak’-kuil, used for |
catching shrimps. Both nets are nearly equally prejudicial ; and even
the third ‘ kuil’-net, the ‘ dwars’-knil, though smaller than the others, in
one important respect quite corresponds with them, inasmuch as it retains —
everything that enters it, and therefore catches immature fish as well as
mature. The existing lav, however, permits the fishing with the ‘kwak’-
and ‘dwars’-kuil, only prohibiting the use of the ‘wonder’-kuil, a very
anomalous measure in the eyes of every one who looks at the question
from a somewhat more general point of view.
Dr Hoek suggests in the conclusions to his report another method, viz.
to limit the damage caused by the fishing with ‘ kuil-nets.’ It is not
possible here to enter in detail on his proposals, but a word or two may
besaid. According to Dr Hoek the Zuider-Zee is not aseain the ordinary
sense of the word ; * with its brackish water and limited area, itmuch more
resembles an estuary, and in regard to the natural history of fishes it plays
the part of a large spawning g ground for some, and a nursery for others.
The herring, anchovy, smelt and the flounder are accustomed to spawn
there, while the plaice, though not spawning there, enters when very
young to find protection and food during the first. period of its existence,
precisely as we have found on the East Coast of Scotland. The methods
of fishing used in this sea should relate to this cireumstance ; those nets
should be avoided which are specially destructive to immature fish. The
ideal condition to be aimed at, at a not too distant future, would there-
fore be that all ‘kuil’ fishing should cease. Every ‘kuil-net,’ be its shape
and mode of attachment what it may, should in time be driven from the
Zuider-Zee. As it would be impossible, however, to introduce this ideal
condition suddenly, as a preliminary measure Dr Hoek proposes to stop
by law the free fishing in the Zuider-Zee for all nets and other fishing
apparatus ; to give annual concessions to the existing fishermen for using
such nets as are judged harmless or nearly so, gratis ; and to allow the
fishing with ‘ kuil-nets’ only to those fishermen who are willing to pay
a relatively high sum for this allowance. This system would in time
foster the use of harmless nets, as it would no doubt facilitate the
purchase of harmless fishing apparatus by those fishermen who at present
only possess ‘ kuil-nets,’ By raising the amount of the allowance the
Government would be able by degrees to prohibit all the ‘ kuil-nets.’ |
As yet only the general part of Dr Hoek’s s Report has been published ; —
the appendices, containing tables of his observations, detailed lists of the
herrings which were investigated &c., will be published with a reprint of
the general part in the Annual Report on Dutch sea fisheries for 1889.
Other scientific investigations in regard to Dutch fisheries were not
completed last year. Among the branches of the fishing industry to
which most attention is paid I may mention the salmon fishery and the
artificial propagation of salmon in the Rhine and the Maese ; ‘the coast
fishery in the North Sea, and oyster fishing and oyster culture ‘in the
Zealand Waters. |
6. SPAIN.
I am indebted to Sefior Rafael Gutierren Vela, of the Fisheries
Department, Madrid, for information as to the Spanish fisheries, and for
“Ae cha’ vs « _ i 2 he eo. | i _ =-_
nd ae at Be irr, * \ ° . ive *
‘ ’ ‘
7 , ; ‘ ¥ '
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 369
sending a copy of the Official Journal for 1889, &c., and to Mr W.
Anderson Smith, Ledaig, for the following epitome which he has
kindly made.
It appears that hitherto very little special scientific work has been
accomplished in connection with Spanish fisheries. Judging from the
proposed fishery act presented to the Spanish Senate by the Minister ‘of
Marine, opinion in Spain is at present against the establishment of close
times and restrictions for purely marine fishes!” ‘Close times, however, are
established for sedentary crustaceans and shell-fish, as well as for ana-
dromous fishes. In the new fishery act the question of prohibition of
the capture or sale of certain marine fish under a fixed size is discussed.
It appears there has been much division of opinion on this subject ; the
opponents of change urging that the destruction of young food-fishes by
fishermen is very ‘auch less than by predaceous fishes which prey upon
them. In the preamble to the proposed new act the Minister of Marine
expresses himself thus :—‘ If these serious questions are considered from
‘a scientific or technical point of view, we must acknowledge that at
‘ present the facts upon which a fishery act could be based on these prin-
‘ ciples, are insufficient in Spain, as well as in other countries. Until we
‘ know in a more thorough manner the life and habits of marine creatures,
‘and the physical geography of the coasts, a fishery act must be based
‘mainly on what appears to suit the development of the industries to
‘which it refers. _ It is to be hoped that in the future sufficient data will
‘be obtained regarding the habits of marine species and of the character
‘and conditions of the grounds, so that by the results of scientific investi-
‘ gations we may be able to control them, and to extend such liberty of
‘ fishing as may be suited to the industry of maritime fisheries.’
The Revista de Pesca Maritima is the only Spanish publication con-
nected with the fisheries. It is the recognised government medium for
the publication of laws, decrees, orders, or. regulations concerning the
marine fisheries, and more especially all concessions. It has also been
republishing Regnart’s famous work published in 1796 entitled Collection
of Spanish Marine Products, formed by order of His Majesty by D.
Antonio Safiez Regnart. A proposed codification of the fishery laws in
58 articles, submitted to the Cortes, is printed for consideration. These
are general, leaving to the various localities to settle minor matters,
A memoir is printed. as presented to the Minister of Marine accompanying
the zoological collection prepared and forwarded from Naples by the
Spanish Scientific delegates D. Joaquin de Borja, Lieut. Nav. ; and D.
Dionisius Shelly, Naval Ensign. It describes the organisation of the
Naples establishment ; the instruction given to officials : the mode used ;
Asie of the marine species that are about to be studied ; ; and
the reagents used; and gives a catalogue of the numerous’ zoological
‘preparations made ;_ concluding with a list of fishes studied, and their
spawning seasons. In an article on the salting and preserving establish-
‘ments in the province of Coruna, we learn that these are factories for
salted fish. In the other provinces most of the factories preserve, but in
- Galicia they mainly salt and press for export. Each factory employs say,
100 men and 20 women during 4 months of the year, at 5 reals (1s.
04d.) a day for first hands, and 4 reals for second hands (10d.) Altogether
they employ in ‘this work 12,300 men, and 2460 women during 4 months,
leaving in the country as wages more than 2 million pesetas (about
o£ 84 ,006). The manufacture of preserved fish also tends to increase here ;
a8 new manufactory having been established near Noya in 1887. This
factory uses only the finest oils, when it has to compete against the pro-
“duets of Ttaly, Portugal, and Frante. The exportation of “preserved fish
was, during st 201,665 kilos, value 328,714 pesetas (10d. each).
2 a
a Bi
370 Part III —Highth Annual Report
D. Antonio Cumplido of Seville has received authority from the —
Minister of Marine to employ a new apparatus and mode of fishing in the ©
Guadalquivir, for which he has received a patent, which would never —
have been conceded in this country. It consists of six boats, each an-
chored to the bottom of the river; four form a large square kept apart —
with poles, with the net between ‘them, and the mode of fishing is to _
raise the net when the fish are seen to be init. ‘Bridges’ from the two
other boats extend almost to the square, and thus the fish can be with-
drawn readily from the net. The object is to work with few men, and —
the boats to require no handling. There seems to have been a serious
disturbance amongst the fishermen over this concession.
The question of supplying barometers to the fishermen around the eke
for the purpose of saving life is discussed ; but it does not find favour -
owing to the multitude required for the many stations—while the |
necessity for the fisherman to make a living would send him to sea in
spite of the glass.
In fixing their limits for trawl-fishing, which in some cases is 12 miles
offshore, they say : ‘The conventions recently completed by England,
‘ France, Holland, and other nations of the North, marking the 3 miles,
‘in no way concerns us (Spain), nor can it cause complications with us in
‘any international question in the future.’ With regard to their
fisheries they note;‘.... The Nursery of Cafamizal (funiculina
‘ tetragona) at six miles. from the coast on the gulf of Valencia, so pro-
‘ductive that the fishing industry of many peoples is fed from that
‘extensive region ; and without referring to other facts, it is sufficient to
‘record, . .\... that coral abounds in the Mediterranean ; the pearl, the
‘mother of pearl, the .brilliant topaz, amber, and the banks of
‘ Crustaceans’ (Turtles) employed in our industrial manufacturers are
“ found in the waters of our West African possessions,.and in Asia, America,
‘Oceania. That the edible white fish are to be found 20 times more
‘numerous in our Atlantic zones than in the most important fisheries
‘ of Europe and America, which are Norway, Newfoundland, and Canada.’
They have made an effort in Spain to study the movements of whales, more
especially B. mysticetus, on all the Spanish coasts of: the world, and —
have received replies to questions from which they deduce boson interest-
- ing results and, amongst others :—
(1) ‘That those whales have not disappeared from our coasts that
‘ were an object of the chase or fishery to the ancient Basques. . ,
(2) ‘That if. statistics had been kept of the whales (B. mysticetus)
‘annually captured in that remote period they would not exceed in ©
‘number those seen by our fishermen to-day cruising off, or temporarily —
‘ stationed on, our coasts, and that consequently the opinion expressed is
‘an error that on account of the persecution of the ancient Basques the
‘ race of these cetacea is almost extinct.’
After showing that they are migratory and regular in their incense 2
that they do not end their southern course in the Cantabrian sea, but have
been taken in the Mediterranean, and are suspected of going as far atone
as the Gulf of Guinea, the writer concludes :
(3) ‘That it isa fact, that in spite of meeting on our Oceanic ost
‘ large cetaceans, at times gathered in considerable numbers, our fishermen
‘ (Spanish) have absolutely abandoned thet shiase, their indifference
‘ being incomprehensible. ’
In the port of Barcelona they have testa the apparatus for eee
with the electric light, invented by Baron de Tesalia.. ‘Twoor three times —_
‘ the net was drawn, in which they had gathered some 2 arrobas (50lb.)
‘of fish, the peculiarity being noted that the Aiminntiye fishes were
vy ff Hy A bat
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 371
‘ nearest to the focus—even to grazing it, whilst the larger ones always
‘kept themselves at a regular distance, never penetrating within the
* luminous circle of the waters, so that, through the effect of the submerged
‘ electric light they ere the appearance as if the waters were discoloured
‘with chalk.’
Figures of fitaradt are given relative to the fisheries in the Bay of
Manila, Philippine Island. They are mainly carried on by means of
corrals, enclosures made of all kinds of materials as may be cheapest and
most convenient on the spot. They are licensed and have to be renewed
every six months, the required fee (or rental) being paid on each renewal.
They are only permitted under 7 fathoms of depth, and the fee is accord-
ing to the depth of water.
1887. 1888.
Number of corrals, | 342 596
Persons employed, 7,109 9,009
Value of boats and erections 883,575 pesetas 933,904 pesetas
Weight of fish taken.
| 1887. 1888.
To be consumed fresh, 1,375 tons, 2,156 tons.
s salted, BOE 3, 963. ,,
Total, 1,902 |;,, 5 UL Geray
Total value in 1887, 818,791 pesetas or £34,000
gD thes T,210,860 1, £50,000
The price having fallen apparently from £17, 17s. to £16 per ton.
In an article on the Sardine trade of Galicia, where there are 600 sardine
factories, we are told that the trade is declining. They demand a revise
of the commercial treaties with France and other countries, high duties
doing them much injury. Added to which are the heavy import duties
on salt which keep down the production. The export also diminishes owing
to the inferior oils used. The writer asks, ‘Is it possible to suppose that
‘the merchants or proprietors can find themselves in a position to improve
‘their industry, when, apart from the heavy contracts by which they find
‘themselves bound, the duties imposed upon them are increased
An interesting article on Turtles gives an account of the various species,
and the decay to a serious extent of what up till a few years ago was a
very productive fishing. _
On the fishing in the Mar Menor in 1889 ; the writer describes this
sea, or Albufera, as at present full of young; that the fish leave this sea
in order to breed in the Mediterranean, but have not the requisite facilities
for returning, or they would do so in still greater numbers ; and that the
vegetation which appeared owing to the storm of November 1869, increases
every year and threatens to invade this water to such an extent that it is
most advisable it should be removed.
- There has been on the whole a great development of the fisheries of
Spain during recent years, and the Government takes great care to spread
a <email ig of the subject, and popularise the study
7. FRANCE.
At the Station Zoologique d’ Endoume, Marseilles, the distinguished
director Professor Marion and his assistants continue their valuable
researches into the fisheries of the district.* This laboratory, while
* Travaux de zoologique appliquée effectués sous la direction du Professor Marion,
2 Aaah année, 1889, Marseille, 1890.
372 Part I11-—Eighth Annual Report
capable of purely scientific research, is adapted for investigations
calculated to promote fishery industries, and under its wise and judicious
management is accomplishing much and good work. In correspondence —
with what has been already accomplished in several fishery States,
and with the general direction of effort in most, one of the main
aims of the Marseilles establishment is to institute measures for the
preservation and culture of sea fish, in order to replenish exhausted
grounds. Hatcheries have now been in operation for several years in the
United States and N orway ; one was erected last year in Newfoundland,
and several are projected ; another was begun in 1888, at Grimsby, and
was recently completed ; and the authorities in Canada, and some other
countries have been moving in the same direction. Professor Marion
proposes that fishing should be entirely interdicted in certain defined
areas for a few years, in order to allow of their becoming nurseries (can-
tonnements de réser tea).
The researches carried on by Professor Marion are on the same general
lines as those of the Scotch Board.
The destruction of immature fish has engaged the attention of
Professor Marion, as it has recently engaged the attention of almost all
fishery authorities. Millions of young of various species, such as the
sardine, anchovy, &c., are annually and wastefully captured. In 1889,
investigations were specially made on the*sardine, the anchovy, and the
mackerel, and on the food and reproduction of the edible fishes of the
Gulf of Marseilles. Professor Marion’s researches on the anchovy are
referred to on p. 353. His researches on the sardine in the Mediter-
ranean, do not in all respects agree with those of Professor Pouchet at
Concarneau. Professor Marion discusses the migrations and habits of the
sardine, and is of opinion that they spawn near the coast, especially in
sheltered bays, and that the ova, like those of most food-fishes, are pelagic.
The question of the pelagic or non-pelagic character of the ova is discussed
at considerable length. The abundance at all times of Copepoda and
the larvee of various organisms, attracts and maintains the sardine in the
Gulf of Marseilles. Among the forms found in their storaachs were
Calanus, Cyclops, Oithona, Dias, Thalestris, Temora, &e. A description
is given of the degree of development of the reproductive organs in
individuals of various sizes at different times of the year (the females
seem greatly to preponderate ; in six hauls 122 were females, and only 12
males); and the distribution and rate of growth of the young are
described. The very various sizes of the young at any given period is
explained by the long duration of the spawning period. In a paper on
the mackerel of the Mediterranean coasts, Professor Marion describes
various points connected with its movements, life-history, reproduction,
and the distribution of the immature individuals. Researches upon the
condition of the reproductive organs of the mackerel have been carried
on at Marseilles for three years. Ina report on the food of the edible
fishes by M. Elie Arnoux, reference is made to the work of the Scotch
Board in this department of fishery research, and an account is given of
the food found in the stomachs of a large number of species.. M. Arnoux
also gives an account of his investigations into the development of the re-
productive organs of a considerable number of species found in the Gulf.
Soles (Solea vulgaris) spawn in the Gulf of Marseilles in March.
The Report on the statistics of French and Algerian fisheries for 1887
was published last year.* It appears that in 1887 the total value of the
fisheries amounted to 90,731,449 francs ; there were 82,743 men engaged Gs
mit
* Statistique des péches maritimes et de Vostreiculture_vour Vannee 1887, Paris, — ;
9.
ee
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 373
in sea fisheries, 55,343 men, women, and children engaged in shore
fisheries, and 201 foreign fishermen. The number of French boats was
24,196 (an increase of 316 over 1886), and there were 83 foreign boats,
the total value of boats, nets and gear was 63,264,395 frances. In 1887,
as compared, with 1886, there was an increase in the catch of cod, herrings,
and especially sardines, and an increased yield of oysters. There was a
great decrease in anchovies, a decrease in mackerel, flat-fish (soles, turbot
&e.), lobsters and mussels.
The Prince of Monaco has published an account of a new apparatus for
the collection of pelagic organisms at great depths.* It consists of a
specially constructed tow-net, fixed to a ‘rectangular frame, which can be
opened and closed at any depths by means of ‘ messengers.’
The Prince of Monaco who makes the improvement and invention of
appliances for marine research a speciality has also given a description} of
the special tow-nets and other apparatus employed on board his yacht
‘“‘)’Hirondelle,” in his marine researches, together with some of the results.
The object was to obviate some of the disadvantages of the appliances
generally used to obtain collections of the marine fauna. The descrip-
tions are amply illustrated. ,
Concarneau.—-In the Report for 1888, t to the Minister of Public Instruc-
tion, Professor Pouchet gives an account. of the work done at the labora-
tory during that year, especially in relation to the sardine, which has for
some years been made.a special object of study in France. The investi-
gations relating to its life-history and habits have been continued on the
same lines as before.§
In 1887, Professor Pouchet expressed the opinion, from the investiga-
tions made, that the sardine would probably be found in abundance in
1888, and this opinion was justified by the result. These investigations
on the sardine, as in the similar investigations carried on by the ‘Scotch
Board, necessitate the measurement of the fish got at different places at
different times of the season, and also an examination of the reproductive
organs to ascertain the degree of maturity. Lists are given of the results.
It has been shown that the so-called sardine de rogue is not a mature
sardine ready to spawn, but a young one which disappears from French
waters before the ovaries reach maturity. Professor Pouchet points out
that among sardines the development of the testes and ovaries is very
~ unequal, both among those of the same size taken at various periods of
the season, and among individuals of different sizes captured at the same
time of the year. This has also been observed with other fishes during
_ the investigations of the Scotch Board (wide, p. 259).
__. As among most other fishes also, the testes are much more developed
than the ovaries at the beginning of the season. An account, illustrated
__by figures, is given of the ova and ovaries of the sardine. The ova are
from 1:20 to 1°30 mm. in diameter (thus larger than those of the herring,
and about the size of the eggs of the whiting) and are transparent; those
pressed from the female sink in sea water. After fertilisation they may
possibly float; but M. Biétrix never obtained any pelagic eggs of the
sardine in his tow-nettings during the time the females were ripe. The
- vitelline membrane is externally smooth, but on its inner surface it pre-
_ sents short projecting ribs, at various angles, giving it a general appearance
* Comptes rendus des séances de la Soc. de Biologie, Séance du 29 Juin 1889,
+ Comptes rendus des séances du Congres international de Zoologie. Paris, 1889, p.
133.
{ Rapport aw Ministre de V Instruction publique sur le fonctionnement du Laboratoire
de Concarneau en 1888, et sur le sardine, 1889.
§ Seventh Ann. Rept., Fishery Board Scot,, part iii. p. 390,
374 Part ITT—-Eighth Annual Report
like basket-work. There is also a chapter on the growth and age of the nl
sardine, and one on the variations of the dimensions of the sardine de i
rogue at various places since 1864. M. Biétrix gives an account of tie ’ .
pelagic fauna of Concarneau Bay. | 4
7. BELGIUM.
The destruction of immature fish by the operation of trawling around
the coast has recently engaged the attention of the Association
Commerciale Maritime d’Ostende.* |The president of the section on
fisheries (M. Aug. Hamman) has reported to the Association and
recommends the international regulation of the fisheries off the coast
during certain months of the year, and the prohibition of the capture of
fish before they have reached maturity.
8. DENMARK.
The Danish Government recently published their annual Fishery Report
for 1888-89. +
This report was prepared by Captain C. F. Drechsel, the superinten-
dent of Danish fisheries. It contains the new Danish fishery law and a
description of the arrangements made by the administration in relation
thereto ; reports from the commanders of the gunboats engaged in fishery
duties ; statistics of the fisheries and a description of the new biological
station which the Government has established. The Danish fishery law
was referred to in our last Report. I may add here the particulars as to
the prohibition of the capture or sale of certain fish under a fixed size—
These are as follows :-—measured from the tip of the snout to the root, of
the tail.
1. Eel, pike, and salmon, F . under 12 inches.
2. Tusk, whiting, plaice, turbot, brill, bream, .
tench; trout, and shad (Heit), . r §3: 08 B lay,
3. Dabs (Skrubbe, ieiics been and bleak, yi add @1ety
4. Crabs, . : yillinod. afi
5. Lobsters, . . { ‘ : agnsia) Tien.
The biological station, which is under the charge of Dr C. G. J oh,
Petersen, cost 34,000 kroner, and a sum of 8600 kroner will be
annually set apart for its up-keep. Dr Petersen has continued his re-
searches into the migrations of plaice. The method originally adopted of
affixing a metallic label by means of a silk cord has been discontinued,
and I am informed by Dr Petersen that his new method of branding a
large sized number upon the fish is expected to yield better results,
9.: NORWAY.
The well-known hatchery for seafish at Flédevig, Arendal, has re-
cently undergone enlargement and reconstruction. Captain Dannevig,
the director, has adopted a new plan of collecting the cod ova for |
hatching. Instead of keeping ripe fish and pressing the ova from them
at intervals as described in our last Report, { and artificially fertilising them,
% Bulletin mensuel, No. 8, Mars, 1890.
+ Fiskeri- Beretning for Finantsaaret, 1888-89, Kifocabiae 1890.
~ Seventh Annual Report, part iii. p. 402, 1889.
of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 375
the ripe fish, males and females, are kept together in a very large tank
where they spawn naturally, the floating fertilised ova being then removed
from the surface of the water. This system has been found to answer much
better than the old method, Captain Dannevig is preparing duplicates of
the plans of his hatchery, and a description of it, for the use of the Scotch
Board ; but they have not yet come to hand. He informs me that
lobster culture will shortly be begun at the new hatchery.
10. ITALY,
Professor Giglioli informs me that no new special scientific fishery
investigations were undertaken last year in Italy ; but the observations
on spawning, breeding, and the food of sea fishes have been continued
by Dr Raffaele at the Zoological Station, Naples. As was stated last year,
on the suggestion of Professor Giglioli, at the last annual meeting of the
Fishery Commission at Rome, in October, 1888, some experiments have
been made at Naples on the effects of trawling. Professor Giglioli also
‘ gave an account of the excellent work you are doing towards the elucida-
‘ tion of that most important subject.’ Last year the Italian Government
undertook the restocking of lakes and rivers with trout and young eels.
As a practical result, Professor Giglioli states that he saw a lake-trout
from Lake Bracciano, 40 centimetres long; the result of fry placed in
that lake, in which no trout previously existed, by Dr Vinciguerra two
years before. | .
The Italian fishery law of 1877 has special articles regulating the size
of lawfully saleable fish of different species; but no new departures on
this subject have been made lately. .
By the law above referred to I find that the minimum size is fixed
for the lawful sale of 47 kinds of fish. The minimum legal size for soles
(Solea vnigaris), turbot, brill and whiting is 12 centimetres (about four
and a half inches); for plaice 10 centimetres (about four inches) ; sizes
are also fixed for the sardine, anchovy, mullet, eel, &c.*
11. GERMANY.
The sixth Report of the Kiel Commission was issed last year.+ It con-
sists of a single memoir by Reinke on the Algz of the Western Baltic and
is accompanied by an atlas of 25 plates.
* Ministero di agricoltura, industria e commercio : Legge e regolamenti sulla pesca,
Rome, 1880. . ; .
+ Sechster Bericht der Kommission zur wissenschaftlichen UMitersuchung der
deutschen Meere, in Kiel, fiir die Jahre 1887, bis 1889, Berlin 1889.
y?
INDEX.
Agonus cataphractus. See Pogge.
Ammodytes lanceolatus. See Sand-eel.
Amphipoda of the Forth, 325.
Anarrhichas lupus. See Cat-fish.
Anchovies in Scottish Waters, 15, 351.
Angler-fish (Lophius piseatorius)—
Food of, 232, 245, 249, 251, 256.
Mature ‘and immature, 166.
Spawning of, 269.
Anguilla vulgaris. See Eel.
Arnoglossus megastoma, See Fluke.
Astrorhizede of the Forth—
Psammosphera fusca, 314.
Bag-net fishing, 190.
Bain, Mr Walter, 23, 257.
Bairdiide of the Forth—
Bairdia inflata, 321.
Bythocythere recta, 324.
y turgida, 324.
Oythere finmarchica, 321.
» semiovata, 321.
» whitei, 321.
Cytheridea torosa, 322.
Cytherois fischeri, 324.
Cytheropteron punctata, 322.
Cytherura bodotria, 323.
* cornuta, 322.
7 Julva, 323.
f gibba, 322.
“i mucronata, 323.
sf simplex, 323.
Krithe bartononsis, 322.
Loxoconcha nultifora, 321.
viridis, 321.
Barra cockle- ‘beds, 19.
Beam trawling—
Capture of immature fish by, 179.
Influence of, 8.
Beam trawl, vitality of fish caught by,
183.
Beard, Dr John, 15.
Black sole. See Sole.
Bouchét system of mussel culture, 17.
Brady, Sir Thomas, 21.
Brassie (Gadus luscus)—
Food of, 251.
Mature and immature, 177.
Ova of, 28.
Spawning of, 268.
Brill (Rhombus leevis)—
Mature and immature, 172.
Spawning of, 265.
Brodick lobster pond, 19.
‘Cladocopa of the Forth, 325.
| Clupea harengus. See ffl ine!
Common Dab. See Dab. ™
* ee, ad Vad " ar‘? Cre 4
Si sare id sn 4c
aN ¢ ify pee Ca ty
So ke SE ot nd igh AS, Ooi > ur ry
; 4a Nay sb wth
1 ~ a ayy , fn sts}
. x Peas
‘ {3 i
Buckhaven haddock and cod line fishing,
29.
Bye-laws anent closing certain waters, 22.
Calanide of the Forth—
Candace pectinata, 317.
Callionymus lyra. See Dragonet.
Caranex trachurus, 357.
Cardiidee of the Forth—
Cardium nodosum, 330,
Cardium. See Cockle.
Carelophus ascanii, 357.
Cat-fish (Anarrhichas lupus)—
Food of, 231, 244, 251.
Mature and immature, 176..
Spawning of, 269. .
Clupea alosa, 358,
Clupea sprattus. See Sprat.
Coal-fish. See Saithe.
Cockle beds of Barra, 211.
Cockle and its habits, ai. .
Cockles, 19. r i MES
5, as food, 215. ( vu
Cod (Gadus morrhua)—
Food of, 231, 239, 249, 250, 251
253, 254, 256, 256.
Food of young, 254.
Mature and immature, 178.
Ova of, 284.
Spawning of, 266.
Common Eel. See Eel. ie ames ia
Common Gurnard. See Gurnard. .
Contemporary Fishery Work, 359.
Canada, 364.
Curing of herrings, 364.
Denmark, 374.
Biological Station, 374,
New Fishery Law, 374.
France—
_ Concarneau, 373.
Investigations by the Prince of
Monaco, 373.
Marseilles Marine Station, 371.
Germany, 375.
Statistics of French and Algerian
Fisheries, 372.
Great Britain, B59,
Holland, 365.
i Oyster culture, 368. eo
Salmon fisheries, 365.
Zuider-Zee fisheries, 365. ie '
a
SS ae
,
Tis ry aw, 2 ye Pu ee Peta = a" rh pee 1 1b) ., ‘be a” pay py es ie al Whe 7 Qe yi . | a pias asa
ae mr se Hi Ar OT ee be ae r q ; } , re aye we
ae ol r a ‘ Ab sgt A Se) Be sa rn
Bone: INDEX. OTT
- Contemporary Fishery Work, 359. Fauna of the Firth of Forth, Additions
Italy, 375. to, 14, 312.
Sparen and food of fishes, | Fauna of the Firth of Forth, Corrigenda,
375 332.
Stocking of lakes and rivers, 375. | Flat-fish—
Newfoundland, 365. Mature and immature, 166.
Fish hatcheries, 365. Numbers and sexes of, 348.
Norway, 374. Spawning of, 260.
Rearing of cod, 374. Flounder (Plewronectes flesus)—
Po Spain, 368. Food of, 231, 238, 249, 250.
Biological investigations, 369. Mature and immature, 172.
Salting and preserving establish- Ova of, 285.
ments, 369. Spawning of, 263.
Trawling, 370. Fluke, sail (Arnoglossus muegastoma)—
Whales, 370. Food of, 254, 256. i
United States, 363. Mature ‘and immature, 172. f
Artificial propagnation of various | Food-fishes, development of, 15.
kinds of fish, 363. Food of food-fishes, 12, 230.
Inquiries into food fishes, 363. | Foraminifera of the Forth, 313.
Copepoda of the Forth, 317. Frog-fish. See Angler. a
Corophiide of the Forth— Fullarton, Dr J. H.,:15, 17, 18, 19, 28, i:
i Siphonacetus colletti, 328. 211, 220.
Couper, Mr William, 23. Fulton, Dr T. Wemyss, 7, 11, 18, 21,
Cross-fertilisation of fish, Experiments in, 157, 257, 348.
358. Gadus ceglefinus. See Haddock.
Crustacea of the Forth, 317. Gadus merlangus. See Whiting.
Cumacea of the Forth, 329. Gadus morrhua. See Cod.
Cumide of the Forth— — Gadus luscus. See Brassie. :
Campylaspis affinis, 330. Gadus virens. See Saithe. 4
Cuma pulchella, 329. Gammaride of the Forth—
Diastylus rugosa, 329. Amphithopsis latipes, 328. ©
Endorellopsis deformis, 329. Epimeria cornigera, 328.
Cunningham, Mr J. T., 351. Gitana sarsi, 325. -
Cyclopide of the Forth— Guernia coalita, 326. a
Thorellia brunnea, 318. Hippomedon holbolli, 326. * i
Cylindropsyllus levis, 320. Leucothoe spinicarpa, 327. aia: 3,
Cypridide of the Forth— Megaluropus agilis, 326. i
Aglaia complanata, 320, Monoculodes carinatus, 326. ot
Pontocypris acupunctata, 320. Phoxocephalus fultont, 327.
trigonella, 321, Urothoe elegans, 327. q.
Cypridinide’ of the Forth— ‘Garland ’— ates ¢.>
Asterope marice, 325, Investigations regarding immature oe
Cyprinide of the Forth— fish, 189. bh
Circe minima, 331. Trawling experiments, Ubi: Re fF Paes
Dab, common (Pleuronectes limanda)— Work oft— fe |
Food of, 230,235, 246, 250, ty East Coast districts, 25. “
252,’ 253, 254, 256, 256. Firth of Forth, 23. ag
; Mature and immature, 170. St Andrews Bay, 24. Os
Ova of, 285. Gasteropoda of the Forth, 331. Weis
Spawning of, 262. General statement, 7. wat
Dabs, long rough (Hippoglossides liman- | Giglioli, Professor, 21, 353. eh
doides)— >
Food of, 231, 236, 247,
252, 253, 254, 255, 256.
Ova of, 285.
Spawning of, 264.
Dannevig, Captain, 21,0
Dragonet (Callionymus te
Food of, 256.
Mature and immature, 7.
Ova of, 285.
Spawning of, 269.
_Drechsel, Captain, 21, 353.
— bar marine station, ed
250, 251
_ Eel, common, inigrations and reprodue-
"tion of, 354, |
Echiurus oxyurrus, SSA ey orsworwwsyn) 94
te Eulimide of the Forth—
1
polite, 331. Hake (Merluccius vulgaris); mature and
6, ‘Ewart, Professor FO), SBP." immature, 177.
em 2 5.
gy a Bid tS Nir at ek Cin Tas ant » 7% a ty
Ground seines, fishing by means of, 190. <r
Gurnard (Zrigla gurnardus)— ae
Food of, 231, 238, 247, 250, 251, — mt
252, 253, 254, 255, 256. Eva
Mature and immature, 176. ae
Ova of, 285. ae
Spawning of, 268. vere:
Haddock (Gadus ceglefinus)— 4 eam
Food of, 281, 241, 248, 251, 262, Map:
258, 254, 255, 256, ae
Mature and immature, 174,
Ova of, 284,
Spawning of, 265.
Hag-fish (Myxine glutinosd), 357.
Food of, 255.
Mature and immature, 177.
Spawning of, 269.
378
Halibut (Zippoglossus vulgaris), spawning
of, 265.
Har pacticidee of the Forth—
Ameira longipes, 318.
Cletodes limicola, 319.
», longicaudata, 319.
Ectinosoma erythrops, 318.
a melaniceps, 318.
Enhydrosoma curvatum, 319.
Harpacticus flecus, 319.
Laophonte hispida, 318.
An longicaudata, 318.
oe serrata, 318.
Thalestris serrulata, 319.
Zaus goodsiri, 319.
Hatcheries for fish, 7.
Hermeide of the Forth—
Alderia modesta, 331.
Herring (Clupea harengus), mature and
immature, 187.
Hoek, Dr P. P. C., 21.
Hybridism among sea fish, 16.
Iinmature fish—
Definition of, 160, 163.
Distribution according to depth of
water, 169.
Distribution and capture of, 10,
157.
Distribution in inshore and _ off-
shore waters, 163.
Landed by line fishermen, 187.
Invertebrate fauna of inland waters, 14,
334,
Isopoda of the Forth, 329, 128.
Isocardia cor, 332.
Johnston, Mr James, 9, 17, 23.
Jamieson, Mr Peter, 257. .
John Dory (Zeus faber),
immature, 177.
Lagenide of the Forth—
Lagena melo, 316.
», pulchella, 316.
Polymorphina compressa, 316.
Uvigerina angulosa, 316,
Lamellibranchiata of the Forth, 330.
Large and small fish captured ‘by beam-
trawlers and line fishermen, 30.
Larval fishes, 14.
Larval, post-larval, and young fishes,
286.
See Soles.
mature and
Lemon soles.
Ling (Molva vulgaris)—
Food of, 251.
Mature and immature, 176.
Ova of, 284.
Spawning of, 268.
List of common and scientific names of
fish mentioned in the returns, 40.
List of pelagic ova, &c., obtained by the
‘Garland,’ 287.
Little soles. See Sole.
Lituolide of the Forth—
baa JSusiformis, 314.
3, nodulosa, 214.
5» jindens, 314.
Ammodiscus gordialis, 314.
Trochamina inflata, 315,
a macrescens, 315.
i ochracea, 315.
Lobsters, 19.
INDEX.
Misophriidee of the Forth—
| Motella mustella, 357.
Nummulinide of the Forth—
Oysters, 17,
Oyster culture in France and Holland,
Palmipes membranacea, 332.
'Paradoxostomatide of the Forth—
Pelagic ova, 14. 2
‘Pelagic fauna, 14... oe sae
‘Pipe-fish, mature and immature, ui.
Physical “observations, 19.) 4 ‘
Plaice (Plewronectes platessa)—
ea Coulter, Envortabienel fauna of,
Long rough dabs. See Dabs.
Lucinide of the Forth—
Diplodonta rotundata, 330.
Lumpenus lampetriformis, 357.
Mature and immature, sae
Lumpsucker, spawning of, 269.
Lythe (Gadus pollachius)—
Food of, 251.
Spawning of, 268.
Mair, Mr W., 28, 257,
Macropsis slabberi, 332.
Marion, Professor, 21. -
Merluccius vulgaris: See Hake.
Mesh of trawl-net, 182.
M‘Donald, Col. Marshall, 21.
M‘Intosh, Professor We Oi; F.Rsoe,
14, 21, 270, 283,
Migratory movements of sea-fishes, 14,
353. .
Miliolide of the Forth—
Miliolina fusca, 313.
tricarinata, 318.
Miller, Mr Donald, 23, 257.
Pseudocyclops obtusatus, 317.
Mollusca of the Forth, 330.
Molluscs, development of, 15.
Molva vulgaris. See Ling.
Motella cimbria, 357.
Motella tricirrata, 357.
Murray, Mr John, 23, 257.
Mussel bait, 16.
Myodocopa of the Forth, 325.
Myside of the Forth—
Erythrops serrata, 330.
Myzxine glutinosa.. See Hag- -fish,
Notes and memoranda, 351.
Nubibranchiata of the Forth, 331.
Operculina ammonoides, 317.
Ostracoda of the Forth, 320.
220.
Paradoxostene affine, 325.-
20. arcuatum, 324,
A hibernicum, 304.
yy «hodgei, 325.
* obliquum, 324.
variabile, 324.
| Peeten. See Scallop.
Pelagic fauna of the Bay. of St Andrews
during the months of 1888, 270... |
Pelagic ova, larval, and young food
fishes procured by ‘the ‘ Garland,’ 283.
Pelonaia corrugata, 332.. pt: oat art
Petersen, Dr C. G.fJ., a a deft
t J
Food of, 230, 232, 245, 249, 250)
251, 252, 253, 255, 256. A .
Mature and immature, 166, tr mh
** . : i‘. . rhe yi)
q MA
* iia he ; peas ES,
r ‘ é 4 rit
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)—
Ova of, 284. :
Spawning of, 260.
Plewronectes platissa. See Plaice.
See Sole.
Plewronectes cynoglossus.
See Sole,
Plewronectes microcephalus.
168.
Plewronectes flesus, See Flounder.
Pleuronectes limanda. See Dab.
Podocopa of the Forth, 320.
Pogge (Agonus cataphractus), mature and
immature, 177.
Pouchet, Professor, 21,
Polycopide of the Forth (Polycope orbi-
cularis, 325.
Priapulus pe 332.
Prince, Mr E. E., 8.
Pr oportional numbers and sizes of the
sexes among sea fishes, 348.
(Quantities (relative) of fish taken by line
and by beam trawl, 27.
Quantities of line- caught fish from terri-
torial areas where trawling is pro-
hibited, 28.
Raia. See Skate.
Rare and uncommon fishes, 357.
fecommendations regarding capture of
immature fish, 191.
Rhombus levis. See Brill.
Rhombus maximus. See Turbot.
Ripe fish, size of, 161.
Rockling—
Food of, 255.
Larval, 284,
Mature and immature, 177.
Ova of, 284.
Rotalide of the Forth—
Patellina corrugata, 317.
Rotalia nitida, 316.
Spirillina vivipara, 316.
Round-fish —
Mature and immature, 173.
Numbers and sexes, 350.
Spawning of, 265.
Sail-fluke. See Fluke.
St Andrews Laboratory, 8.
Saithe (Gadus virens)—
Food of young, 254.
- Mature and immature, 176.
Spawning of, 268.
and immature, 177.
Scallop, development of, 15, 290.
Schizopoda of the Forth, 330.
1890-91, 20.
Scott, Mr Thomas,
| 230, 257, 312.
Sea-birds, destruction of fish by, 20.
fishes, 348,
es Sexes, proportional numbers and size of,
among sea fishes, 14.
“Sue of fishing, 185.
ot mature and immature fish, 163.
f nearly ripe fish, 162.
See f ripe fish, 161.
Skate (Raia)— MMOD UA
ae: and spawning ‘periods 0 of,
“A 4 ew 2d ¥wah'’ 2 Fe a
eu ew er ed
oe a \g ’ * "\ " pM
i dees AS ‘
7 - s
>
Sand-eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus), mature
Scientific investigations, scheme for year
F.L.S., 14, 16, 23,
_ Sexes, Numbers, and size of, among sea-
INDEX. 379
Skate (Raia)—
Development of, 15, 800. |
Food of, 231, 244, 249, 250, 251,
253, 255, 256.
Mature and immature, 172.
Smith, Mr W. Anderson, 17.
Smith, Mr W. Ramsay, B.Sce.,
230.
Solea lutea. See Little Sole.
Sole, black, spawning of, 265.
Sole, lemon (Plewronectes microcephalus)—
Food of, 230, 234, 249, 250, 252,
253, 255, 256.
Mature and immature, 168,
Ova of, 285.
Spawning of, 261.
Sole, little (Solea lutea)—
Food of, 455.
Mature and immature, 172.
Sole, witch (Pleuronectes cynoglosswus)—
Food of, 231, 237, 250, 254.
Mature and immature, 172.
Spawning of, 263.
Solway, shrimp fishing, 185.
Spawning and spawning places of marine
food-fishes, 18, 257, 258.
Spawning, time and duration of,
257.
Special statistics of fish caught by fisher-
men and beam-trawlers, 26.
Spheromide of the Forth—
Spheroma rugicauda, 329.
Sprats (Clupea sprattus)—
Mature and immature, 177.
Ova of, 285.
Statistics, fishery, 10.
Stow-net fishing, 190.
Table A. Showing summary of fish taken
by the ‘Garland’ on the East Coast
in 1889, 33.
Table B. Analysis of the ‘ Garland’s’
statistics relating to the relative abund-
ance of fish, 38.
Table C. Record of observations made on
board the ‘ Garland’ during 1889, 41.
Table D. Anstruther district. Buck-
haven haddock and cod line fishing,
121.
Table E. Showing fish landed by net and
line boats, and by steam beam trawl
boats, 122.
Table F, Showing the quantities monthly
of large and small fish landed in the
Leith and Aberdeen districts by beam
trawlers and line fishermen in 1889,
133.
12, 23,
Table G. Showing the monthly takes of
line and net boats from inshore
grounds in the Leith, Anstruther,
Montrose, and Stonehaven districts,
137.
Table H. Showing the quantities of fish
captured by line fishermen in the terri-
torial waters, with the average per
‘shot’ in 1888 and 1889, 155.
Table I. Showing the monthly amounts
in cwts. of round and flat fish landed
by line fishermen and beam trawlers
on the Kast Coast of Scotland during
1889, 156.
“Table K. Record of observations ; made on {Tor
board the ‘ Garland’ as to the. distri-
bution of immature fish in inshore and
offshore waters, 200.
Textularide of the Forth—
Textularia gramen, 315.
- variabilis, 315.
Gaudryina filiformis, 315.
Lulimina elegans, 315.
>» Jsusiformis, 316..
Trachinus draco, 357.
Trawling experiments of the ‘Garland, :
report on, 22.
Trigla gurnardus. See Gurnard.
Trochide of the Forth—
Trochus montacuti, 331..
», eylzyphinus, 331.
Turbot (Rhombus maximus)—
Food of, 249, 250, 252,253,
iautiio® 3 rod ae ce
_ EDINBURGH iia
“empl Ae] i ae
~
| Watiel, Mt Raves
Witch sole. pe So
s pi.
Weirs, te aye
‘ood of, 231, 243, 2 9,
258, 255, 256.
Mature and immature, 1 0
‘Ova of, 284... Sissi
Spawning ie afc as sas ™#
‘| Whiting (Gadus merla roe
Aes
Young cod. See Cod. — ia
Zeugopterus punctatus, ad
Zeus Mri See John Dory. ene
ail nt
voiey “abs, oe
2k Said Le 7
we “aL |
a eee
“ee A oe
493 ea.
ute il
te Ce
‘ ie yoo
‘ ‘ iy . '" OT Le eh igh if oe
OO hee | Sea rhe nee ae
Eh
>
Nis Dee yo i ae eye
a db cht a Whe ;
t
fas shohasatlt
rede
Rican i
rel
{
“0S wal slat ne
SLOG AO lien
belted WF
y
ih th
/ ain p wentined lege vay eey
ee hy priate a8
ABE
oh ay
e%1 Lacy foe ip ee w e
: r y ae 4
| Perey ae Aiea, Ae ‘
er wh , . ae ee '
ns ’ ‘ ‘ A
7 s i Wot Dante os e Mgt a ; a
an oa 4
He 5 ee, 4) Dp dh ¥
« . ape as
KIGHTH
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
FISHERY BOARD FOR SCOTLAND,»
Being for the Year 1889.
IN THREE PARTS.
Parr L—GENERAL REPORT.
Parr IL—REPORT ON SALMON FISHERIES.
Parr IIL—SCIENTLFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
PART IIL—SCIENTIFIC Ti
Briseintdd to both Houses of Parliament in pursuance of
Att 45 and 46 BPict., cap, 18. |
EDINBURGH:
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
By NEILL « Co., Or FISHMARKRT CLosR.
eet
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
ADAM any CHARLES BLAOK, 6 Norra Baines, EprpunGe ; ot > a
) EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, East Hannine SrREeT, Fieet Srarer, B.C, ; Ol: ieee
HODGES, FIGGIS, & OO 104 GRarron RwHITS Xe rt
Ry re
ST
F 4 oe
Step Pe ee es
vA rake Geb de” ch Kher Lecomte BAA iY
re
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11