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JN (PE EN hele sANNUAL ~REPORT 


OF WHE 


NEW YORK 
BOGUOeleN, SOCIETY 


CHARTERED IN 1895 


OBIJECGISZOR thE SOCIETY 


A PUBLIC-ZOOLOGICAL PARK 
THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS 
THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY 


1908 


NEW YORK 
OFFICE OF HE “SOCIETY, 16 WALL STREET 
JANUARY, 1909 


fs CopyRIGHT, 1909, By 
THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


655 859 | 
____——_ 
as AST 


The Kalkhoff Company 
New Vork 


Contents 


PAGE 

BoarRD OF MANAGERS . : : : : , a ) 
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY . : : eer 
OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND AQUARIUM . pee 
MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY . : E : : meals 
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE . : : oe 3 
TREASURER’S REPORTS . ; : ; : : ; ; . 45 
General Fund . : : ; , sas 
Income Account ; : : : : . . 46 
Animal Fund . : : : : ; . : wey, 
Maintenance Fund . : : : : : ; . 48 
Ground Improvement Fund . : : . 49 
Aquarium Improvement Fund ; : ; ; ) 252 
Aquarium Fund , : ' : : : ; ese 
Stokesy (Bird Bund) = =) 9294 2° -% “S» 4» %§3 


REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ; ; . : : : 
W.T. Hornaday, Sc.D. 57 
AQUARIUM REPORT : : : ; : 
Charles H. Townsend 85 
CoLorR CHANGES AMONG TROPICAL FISHES é . : 
Charles H. Townsend 93 
Lists OF GIFTS 


Zoological Park : : : EE 
Heads and Horns . : : : : : : 220 
Aquarium . ; 3 : SALT 


REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN . ; : ; : 
W. Reid Blaw, DVS. 137 


List oF Brrps_ : BS : : =~ 142 
By-Laws ; : , : : ; : : ; : 7A: 


INDEX ; Z : : ; : : : g 3 , 2-185 


List of Sllustrations 


PAGE 
ELEPHANT House ; : : F ; . Frontispiece 
PorTION OF THE ELK Herp. : z : : ; : : : ; 30 
NEw ADMINISTRATION BUILDING . : : . ‘ ; ; ; 36 
Grounp PLANS oF NeW ADMINISTRATION BUILDING _. ; . 38, 39 
ENTRANCE TO GRAND CONCOURSE AND BAIRD Court . ; R Ad 
Harpy EAGLE ; : : : : : E 3 : : : , . 56 
HippopoTAMUS CAGE IN THE ELEPHANT HOUSE : : 60 
COLLARED PECCARY AND YOUNG . 2 ; . ; : : : 63 
Marin HALL oF THE ELEPHANT HOUSE : ; ; : . : 82 
Rep Grouper, PLATE I, FIGURES I AND 2 . ; ; . Facing 93 
PorTABLE PHOTOGRAPHIC TANK, PLATE A . : : : : : : 04 
New York AQUARIUM EXHIBITION TANK, PLATE A . : : : 94 
Nassau Grouper, PLate II, Figures i AND 2 . : : : : : 96 
Rep Hinp, Prats II], Figures IT AND2 . . . ; : Sea: 98 
Rep PARROT-FISH, PLATE IV, FIGURES I AND 2 . : ; : , ; 100 
RED PARROT-FISH, PLATE V, FIGURES 3 AND 4 . ; : : : TO? 
YELLOW GrunNT, PLATE VI, FIGUKES I AND 2 104 
RED-MOUTHED Grunt, PLATE VII, Ficures I AND 2 : : ; 5 IG 
YELLOW-FIN GROUPER, PLATE VIII, FicurES I AND 2 .. : : : 108 
BLuE TANG, PLATE IX, FiGuRES I AND 2 . : are: P : : IIo 
HocFisH, PLATE X, FIGURES I AND 2 . : : : : : : : 112 
TRIGGER-FISH, PLATE XI, FIGURES I AND 2 . : : : : A 5 el 
Gray SNAPPER, PLATE XII, FIGURES I AND 2 . ; : : : : 116 


Rocky Mountain Goat : : 3 : : : : : ; 36 


Board of 


H#anagers 


Ex-Officio: - 


{ Hon. Georce B. McCLeLian, Mayor of New York. 


| Hon. Henry SMITH, President Dep’t of Parks. 


CLASS OF 1910. 


F. Aucustus SCHERMERHORN, 
Percy R. Pyne, 

GEORGE B. GRINNELL, 

Jacos H. Scuirr, 

Epwarp J. BERWIND, 


GEORGE C. CLARK, 


CLASS 


Henry FAIRFIELD OSBORN, 
WILLIAM C. CHURCH, 
LISPENARD STEWART, 

H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, 
Hueu D. AUCHINCLOSS, 


CHARLES F. DIETERICH, 


CLASS 


Levi P. Morton, 
ANDREW CARNEGIE, 
JouHn L. CADWALADER, 
JoHN S. BARNES, 
MaApIsON GRANT, 


WILLIAM WHITE NILES, 


CLEVELAND H. DopcE, 

C. Lepyarp BLaIr. 
CORNELIUS VANDERBILT, 
NELSON. ROBINSON, 
FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE, 


W. AUSTIN WADSWORTH. 


OF 1911. 

James J. HILL, 
GEORGE F. BAKER, 
GRANT B. SCHLEY, 
PAYNE WHITNEY. 
JAMES W. Barney, 


Wo. PIERSON HAMILTON, 


OF 1912. 

SAMUEL THORNE, 
Henry A. C. Tay ior, 
Hucu J. CHISHOLM, 
FRANK K. STURGIS, 
GEORGE J. GOULD, 


OGDEN MILLS, 


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OFFICERS 


OF THE 


New York Zoological Society 


President: 
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. 
First Vice-President: Second Vice-President: 
SAMUEL THORNE. JOHN L. CADWALADER 


Executive Committee. 
MADISON GRANT, Chairman. 


JOHN S. BARNES, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, 
PERCY R. PYNE, LEVI P. MORTON, 
SAMUEL THORNE, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, 


HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, e- officio. 


Secretary: 
MADISON GRANT, 
11 Wall Street. 


Treasurer: 
PERCY Ry PYNE: 
30 Pine Street. 


Director of the Zoological Park: 
WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, 
183d Street and Southern Boulevard. 


Director of the Aquarium: 
CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, 
Battery Park. 


Architects: 
HEINS & LA FARGE. 


Consulting Engineer: 


HH. <DEtB, PARSONS: 


Consulting Landscape Architect: 
JAMES L. GREENLEAF. 


Officers of the Zoological Park. 


WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Sc.D., 
Director and General Curator. 


H. R. MITCHELL..................Chief Clerk and Disbursing Officer. 
RAYMOND i DIDMARS2.-conen nee eee Curator of Reptiles. 
GCG WIELIAMGB BEEBE. settee Ear E ee Curator of Birds. 
GEORGE Mo BEPRBOWERGE aac cece ee eee Civil Engineer. 
Bi. Wi MRR ate eee ee Chief Forester and Constructor. 
BE WIN SR SANBORNE ce seeeoe Photographer and Assistant Editor. 
WalLeMInGHB tis. 2 eee ee ear er a ee eee eer Office Assistant. 


Medical Staff: 


HARLOW: BROOKS, M-Ditx «jocks cies = eel eee eines 
W:RELD OBICATR DAVES Gre ceicee emer cea ee eee Veterinarian. 


Aquarium Committee. 


CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman. 

CHARLES L. BRISTOL, University of New York. 
BASHFORD DEAN, Columbia University. 

ALFRED G. MAYER, Tortugas Laboratory of Carnegie Institute. 


CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, Director Biological Laboratory, Cold 
Spring Harbor, N. Y. 


THOMAS H. MORGAN, Columbia University. 
EDMUND B. WILSON, Columbia University. 
WILLIAM E. DAMON. 

ROSWELL MORSE SHURTLEFF. 


Officers of the Aquarium. 


CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. 
LEONARD B. SPENCER....Asst. in Charge of Fresh-water Collections. 
WASHINGTON I. De NYSE....Asst. in Charge of Marine Collections. 
EBEN R. SAMPSON.....................Clerk and Disbursing Officer. 


MEMBERS 


OF THE 


New PVork Zoological Society. 


Honorary Members. 


*Sir WILLIAM FLowER, 

*Dr. EF. LHorst: 

Stir EpmMunp G. Loper, 

Dr. C. Hart MeErRIAM, 

Hon. LIonEL WALTER ROTHSCHILD, 
Dr. Puitie LutLey ScLater, 
FREDERICK COURTENEY SELOUS. 


Pror. J. A. ALLEN, 

Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, 
Tue Duke or BeEDForD, 

Herr F. E. Braauw, 
ARTHUR ErRwIN Brown, 
FRANK M. CHAPMAN, 

Pror. DANIEL GrirRAUD ELLIorT, 


Benefactor. 


WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER. 


Founders in Perpetuity. 


*CHARLES T. BARNEY, Jacosp H. Scuirr, 
ANDREW CARNEGIE, SAMUEL THORNE, 
*Hon. WILLIAM C. WHITNEY. 


Founders. 


*OTTENDORFER, OSWALD, 

Payne, Cot. Otiver H., 

Pyne, Percy RIvINGTON, 
Ropinson, NELSON, 
ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D., 
SCHERMERHORN, F. AvuGUSTUS, 
SLOANE, WILLIAM D., 

StoKes, Miss CAROLINE PHELPS 
TayLor, Henry A. C.,, 
THompson, Mrs. FREDERIC FERRIS 
Trevor, Mrs. JoHN B., 

* VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, 
VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K., 
Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE ENO. 


BAKER, GEORGE F., 
Barnes, JOHN S., 
BERWIND, EpWarp J., 
BourNE, FREDERICK G., 
CADWALADER, JOHN L., 
DIETERICH, CHARLES F., 
*DopcE, WILLIAM E., 
*(GOELET, ROBERT, 
GouLpD, GEORGE J., 
GouLp, Miss HELEN MILLER, 
*HUNTINGTON, C. P., 
McMiLt1n, EMERSON, 
Morcan, J. PIERPONT, 
Morton, Hon. Levi P., 


Associate founders. 


*BaBCOCK, SAMUEL D., *Jesup, Morris K., 


Buiair, C. Lepyarp, 
*CARTER, JAMES C., 
CuHIsHoLM, HucH J., 
CLARK, GEORGE CRAWFORD, 
CROCKER, GEORGE, 

DopcrE, CLEVELAND H., 
HARRIMAN, E. H., 


Osporn, Pror. HENry FAIRFIELD, 
ScHLEY, GRANT B., 

*SCHUYLER, PHILIP, 

ScHUYLER, Mrs. PHILIP, 
STEWART, LISPENARD, 

Sturcis, Mrs. Frank K., 
TIFFANY & ComMPANy, 


VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, 


* Deceased. 


14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


*ARNOLD, Hicks, 
AUCHINCLoss, Mrs. Hucu D., 
BARNEY, JAMES W., 

Buss, CornE.ius N., 

*Biiss, GeorceE T., 
BREWSTER, Rosert S., 
CLARK, Mrs. GEorcGE CRAWFORD 
*CONSTABLE, FREDERICK A., 
*Cook, Henry H., 

EHRET, GEORGE, 

*FLOWER, ROSWELL P., 

Forp, JAMEs B., 

Forp, J. Howarp, 

HARKNESS, CHARLES W., 
HARKNESS, Epwarp S., 
*HAVEMEYER, HENRY O., 
HAVEMEYER, WILLIAM F., 
*HeEwitt, ABRAM S., 

Hitt, JAMEs f., 

*HoFFMAN, Very Rev. E. A., 
*TSELIN, ADRIAN, 

*JameEs, D. WILLIS, 

JAMES, NorMAN, 

JENNINGS, Miss A. B:, 
KENNEDY, JOHN STEWART, 
*Lewis, Mrs. GEorceE, 
Maver, Dr. ALFRED G., 
*Morris, A. NEWBOLD, 
Morris, Mrs. A. NEWBOLD, 


I 


Patrons. 


Morris, Miss Eva VAN CortLAnnt, 
Morris, NEWBOLD, 

Osporn, WILLIAM CHURCH, 
*OsporN, Mrs. WILLIAM H., 
Poor, HENRY W., 

*Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., 
Ryan, THomas F., 
*SCHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C. 
SELIGMAN, Isaac NEwTON, 
SENFF, CHARLES H., 
*STICKNEY, JOSEPH, 
STICKNEY, Mrs. JosEPH, 
Taytor, JAMEs B., Jr, 
THORNE, EpwIn, 

TuHorRNE, FRANcIs B., 
THORNE, HEnry S., 

THORNE, JoEL W., 

TuHorNE, LANpDoN K., 
TuHorNE, Miss PHEBE ANNA, 
THORNE, SAMUEL, JR., 
THoRNE, S. BRINCKERHOFF, 
THORNE, VIcTorR C., 
*THORNE, WILLIAM, 

TyapverR, Mrs. Marcaret T.., 
Twompsty, H. McK., 

Von Post, HERMAN C., 
*WEBB, WILLIAM H., 
*Wotrr, A. 


Life Members. 


ADAMS, Epwarp DEAN, 
ANDREWS, CONSTANT A., 
ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, 
AUCHINCLoss, HucuH D., 
AvERY, SAMUEL P., 
*BALLANTINE, Ropert F., 
3ARBOUR, THOMAS, 
Barsour, WILLIAM, 
BaruHypr, Mrs. P. HaAckLey, 
Barnes, Miss Cora F., 
BARNES, Miss MILprep, 
BEEBE, C. WILLIAM, 
BEL, Mrs. C. M., 
BELMONT, AUGUST, 

3ETTS, SAMUEL ROSSITER, 
BisHop, Heper REGINALD, 
*BLACKFORD, EUGENE G., 
3LAIR, Dr. W. REI, 
S0LpT, GEORGE C., 

Bonn, FRANK S., 

Boortu, WiLLIAMmM H., 
Bownpo1n, GeorceE S., 
BRINSMADE, CHARLES LYMAN, 


Brown, Grorce McKesson, 
*Bruce, Miss Matitpa W., 
BurveN, HENry, 2D, 
BUSHNELL, JOSEPH, 

But Ler, WILLIAM MILL, 
CAMMANN, GEorGE P., 
Camp, HucH N., 
CHANLER, WINTHROP, 
CuHIsHoLM, HuGH J., Jr., 
CuurcyH, E. Dwicurt, 
CHURCH, WILLIAM CONANT, 
CLARKSON, BANYER, 

Cor, WILLIAM R., 

CoFFIN, CHARLES A., 
CoLGATE, WILLIAM, 
CoLLorD, GEORGE W., 
*CoLtorD, Mrs. Grorce W., 
CoNYNGHAM, WILLIAM L., 
oor |G 

CorNING, JOHN J., 

Coxe, Davies, 

CRANE, ZENAS, 

CRIMMINS, JOHN D., 


* Deceased. 


THIRTEENTH 


GustEmRr. Ga CG 

*Davis, E. W., 

Davis, JOHN W. A., 

Dre Coppret, Epwarp J., 
DELAFIELD, ALBERT, 

*De RHAM, CHARLES, 
DICKERMAN, WATSON B., 
Dickry, CHARLES D., 
Ditmars, R. L., 

DopcE, GEORGE EGLESTON, 
Dopcr, MArcELLUS HARTLEY, 
DoELcER, CHARLES P., 
DoELGER, PETER, 

DoELGER, PETER, JR., 
Draper, Mrs. Henry, 
DuBots, Miss ETHEL, 
DuBors, Miss KATHERINE, 
DuBots, WiLi1Am A.., 


DuNscoMBE, GEORGE ELSWorTH, 


Dwyer, THOMAS, 

ELLiotr, SAMUEL, 

Eiitis, W. Drxon, 

Ery, AmsroseE K., 

Eno, Amos F., 

FaircHitp, Hon. CuHartes S., 
Fercuson, Mrs. FARQUHAR, 
Fercuson, Miss May, 

FIELD, CORTLANDT DE PEYSTER, 
FisHer, Mrs. Henry J., 


FLEITMANN, WiLLttAmM MeEpLicort, 


Fiint, CHARLES R., 
FRENCH, S. BARTON, 
Gerry, ELBRIDGE T.., 
GoopwIn, JAMEs J., 
GRANT, MADISON, 
GUGGENHEIM, S. R., 
GUNTHER, BERNARD G., 
GUNTHER, FRANKLIN L., 
HAGENBECK, CARL, 
HamiLton, Won. Pierson, 
Harkness, Mrs. S. V., 
HARRAH, CHARLES J., 
Harris, ALAN C., 

Haupt, Dr. Louis, 
*HAVEN, GEORGE G., 
HEARN, GEORGE A., 
*HENDERSON, CHARLES R., 
HiccInson, JAMES J., 
Hitt, Huecu, 

Hopkins, Georce B., 
Hornapay, WILLIAM T., 
Husparp, THomas H., 
HuNTINGTON, ARCHER M., 
Hype, JAmes H., 
Jackson, THEODORE F. 
JENNINGS, OLIVER G. 
KinG, GEORGE GorRDON, 
*KINGSLAND, WILLIAM M., 


ANNUAL REPORT. 


KISSEL, Gustav E., 
Kunuaror, W. B., 

La Farce, C. Grant, 
LaNncpon, Woopsury G., 
LANIER, CHARLES, 

Lee, CHARLES NortTHAM, 
LEEeps, Mrs. WARNER M., 
LEHMAN, S. M., 
LounsBery, RicHarp P., 
Low, C. ApoLpHE, 

Low, SETH, 

Lynpic, Davin, 

Lypic, Capt. Pur M., 
McAtpin, CHARLES WILLISTON, 
McComs, J. Scorr, 
McKim, Cuartes F., 
McLane, Guy RicwHarps, 
Mackay, CLARENCE H., 
Mackay, Dona p, 
Macy, V. Everirt, 
*MAITLAND, ALEXANDER, 
MALtory, CHarLes H., 
Marc, THEOPHILUS M., 
Markok, Dr. Francis H., 
MarsHALL, Louts, 
MERKEL, HERMANN W., 
Mivier, Dr. GrorceE N., 
MitcHeELL, H. R., 
*MITCHELL, ROLAND G., 
Moore, Mrs. JAMES Amory, 
Moran, Daniet E., 
Morcan, J. P., Jr, 
*Morris, JAMES, 

NespsiTt, A. G., 
NEWBOLD, THOMAS, 


NicuHots, Mrs. WILLIAM GILMAN, 


NiLeEs, J. BARRON, 
Nives, WILt1AM WHITE 
ParisH, HENry, 
PARRISH, JAMES C., 
PEABODY, CHARLES A., 
PERKINS, WILLIAM H., 
Puiprs, HENRY, 
PHOENIX, Lioyn, 
PHOENIX, PHILLIPS, 
PIERREPONT, JOHN JAy, 
*PINCHOT, J. W., 
Potter, Mrs. Henry C., 
Pratt, DarLas B:, 
Proctor, A. PHIMISTER, 
Pyne, M. Taytor, 
*QUINTARD, GEORGE W., 
RAYMOND, CHARLES H., 
RIKER, SAMUEL, JR., 
Rogs, J. HAMPDEN, 
Rogpsins, MiILtTon, 
RoBINSON, ARTHUR, 
Rocers, ARCHIBALD, 


‘2 


* Deceased. 


16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Russ, EpWaArp, 
RUTHERFURD, WINTHROP, 
SAMPSON, HENRY, 

Sanpbs, WILLIAM R., 
*SCHERMERHORN, J. EGMONT, 
ScuirF, Mortimer L., 
SETON, ErNEST THOMPSON, 
SHELDON, CHARLES, 
SHERMAN, GEORGE, 
SHERMAN, WILLIAM WATTS, 
SHIELDS, GEORGE O., 
Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER, 
Stoan, Benson B., 

*SLOAN, SAMUEL, 

SLoaN, SAMUEL, JR, 
*SLOAN, JOHN, 

SPEYER, JAMES, 

STrEeTson, FrANcIS LYNDE, 
Strokes, Miss OxiviA E. PHELPs, 
StTuRGES, FREDERICK, 
Sturcis, FRANK K., 
THALMAN, ERNST, 


THompson, Lewis S., 
THompson, WILLIAM P., 
TiLForD, FRANK, 

Topp, WiLLtiAM R., 

TowNSEND, CHARLES H., 
Trevor, HENRY G., 

Trevor, JOHN B., 

UHLMANN, FREDERICK, 
WapswortH, Major W. AUSTIN, 
WAINWRIGHT, RICHARD T., 
Watker, Dr. HENRY FREEMAN, 
Waresurc, FeLtix M., 

WarREN, SAMUEL D., 
Watson, Francis A., 
WELCHER, Mrs. FANNY AVERY, 
WHEALTON, Louts N., 
WHITEHEAD, PAUL, 

WHITNEY, Harry PAYNE, 
WHITNEY, PAYNE, 

WILLets, Howarp, 

WincG, JoHN D., 

Woop, Miss ELEANOR DENNISTON. 


Fellows of the New Dork Zoological Society.* 


BARBOUR, THOMAS, 
BEEBE, C. WILLIAM, 
Biair, W. REID, 
BristToL, CHARLES L., 
Brooks, HarLow, 
Bumpus, HERMON C., 
DAVENPORT, CHARLES B,,. 
DEAN, BASHFORD, 
DitMars, RAYMOND L., 
DutTcHErR, WILLIAM, 


GRANT, MaptIson, 
GRINNELL, GEoRGE B., 
HorNADAY, WILLIAM T.., 
MAYER, ALFRED G., 
MERKEL, HERMANN W., 
Morcan, T: H., 

Osporn, HENRY FAIRFIELD, 
SETON, ERNEST THOMPSON, 
SHELDON, CHARLES, 


TowNSEND, CHARLES H., 


Witson, E. B. 


Annual Members. 


ABEEL, GEORGE, 

ABEEL, JOHN H., 
ABERCROMBIE, Davip T., 
ACHELIS, F Ritz, 

ACHELIS, JOHN, 

ADAMS, FRANK LANSON, 
ADAMS, FREDERICK B., 
ADAMS, FREDERICK T., 
ADAMS, SAMUEL, 

ADAMS, THATCHER M.., 
AGENS, FREDERICK GIRARD, 
AGNEW, ANDREW G., 
AGNEW, Mrs. Corne_ius R., 
AITKEN, JoHN W., 


*Deceased. 


ALDEN, R. Percy, 

ALpRICH, Mrs. JAMES HERMAN, 
ALEXANDER, Mrs. CHARLES B., 
ALEXANDER, DOUGLAS, 
ALEXANDER, FRANK D., 
ALEXANDER, Mrs. HELEN B., 
ALEXANDER, JAMES W., 
ALEXANDER, Dr. WELCOME T., 
ALEXANDER, Mrs. WILLIAM, 
ALEXANDRE, J. HENRY, 
ALLAND, MAURICE, 

ALLEN, ETHAN, 

ALLEN, JAMES LANE, 
AMUNDSON, JOHN A., 


+The class of Fellows of the New York Zoological Society was or- 
ganized early in 1909, and includes members of the Society who are 
working and scientific zoologists. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


ANDERSON, A. A., 
ANDERSON, P. CHAUNCEY, 
ANDREINI, J. M., 

Awnpbrous, GEoRGE L., 
APPLEGATE, Ivins D., 
APPLETON, FRANCIs R., 
APPLETON, JAMES W., 
ARCHBOLD, Mrs. J. F., 
ARCHBOLD, JOHN D., 
AREND, F. J., 

ARLITZ, WILLIAM J., 

ARLT, GERHARD, 

ARMOUR, GEORGE A., 
Armour, Mrs. Herman O., 
ARMSTRONG, CHARLES P., 
ARMSTRONG, Dr. WILLIAM, 
Astor, JOHN JACOB, 
AUCHINCLOsS, Mrs. Encar S., 
AUCHINCLOss, HuGH, 
AUCHINCLOsS, JOHN W., 
Aycricc, B. ARTHUR, 
BacuH, GUSTAV, 

BAKER, STEPHEN, 
BALDWIN, FREDERICK H., 
BaALpwin, JARED G., JR., 
Bancs, Dr. L. Botton, 
Banks, THEODORE H., 
Barciay, J. SEARLE, JR., 
Barciay, Mrs. REGINALD, 
BARNARD, J. AUGUSTUS, 
Barnes, Miss CHARLOTTE A., 
BarNES, HERBERT S., 
BarneES, J. SANFORD, JR., 
BarRNES, Epwarp W., 
Barney, A. L., 

Barney, ASHBEL H., 
Barney, Mrs. J. STEWART, 
Barney, N. C., 

BARNUM, WILLIAM M., 
Barr, WILLIAM, 

Barron, GEorGE D., 
Barton, Wits E., 
BATTERSON, JAMES G., 
BAUMANN, GUSTAV, 
Baxter, GeorcE S., JR, 
Bayarp, Louis P., 
Bayiies, EpmMunp L., 
Bayiies, Mrs. NATHALIE E., 
Bayiis, WILLIAM, 

Bazin, FELIX A., 

BEeacH, WALTER R., 
BEADLESTON, ALFRED N., 
BEAL, WILLIAM R., 
BEARD, DANIEL CARTER, 
BECKER, CHRISTIAN, 
BECKER, CONRAD, 

BECKER, PHILIP, 

Beers, MM. H., 


BEIDEL, HERMANN 
BELL, Epwarp, 
BEMENT, EpWaARD, 
BeNKArRD, Harry H., 
BENJAMIN, EuGENE S., 
BENSON, Miss Mary, 
BENSON, Miss THyrza, 
3ERGSTRESSER, CHARLES M., 
BEROLZHEIMER, E., 
BERNHEIMER, CHARLES L., 
BERNHEIMER, SIMON E. 
Bertron, S. R., 

BEYER, Max J., 
BicKMorE, Pror. ALBERT S., 
Bier, Mrs. SyLvan, 
BILLInGs, FREDERICK, 
BINDEWALD, WILLIAM D., 
BirRCHALL, W. H., 

Birp, Epwarp Dimonp, 
Brrp, GEORGE, 


I 


, 


BisHop, Miss Mary CuNNINGHAM 


BLAGDEN, Mrs. GEORGE, 
BLAGDEN, Mrs. JuLia G,, 
Brae Ds Cc. 

Brarr, J. INSLEy, 

BLAKE, Dr. Josepu A., 
BLAKESLEE, T. J., 
BLATCHForD, Mrs. SAMUEL A., 
Buiss, Ernest C., 
BLopGETT, WILLIAM TILDON, 
Bioopcoop, Rosert F., 
BLOOMINGDALE, JOSEPH B., 
Bioss, JAMES O., 

Boas, Emiv L., 
BoEKELMAN, Pror. BERNARDUS, 
Boetrcer, H. W., 

Bocert, Epwarp C., 
BocErt, Epwarp LANGDON, 
BoIssEvAIN, G. L., 

Bo.ton, JoHN W., 

Botton, THomAs, Jr., 
Bonp, ALFRED H., 

Bonner, G. T., , 
Bonner, Mrs. Paut R., 
BorGstEDE, JOHN G., 
BorLanp, J. NELSON, 
BorLanpD, WILLIAM G,, 
Borne, JOHN E., 

Boteter, Exiyau S. 
Bowpo1n, TEMPLE, 

BowEN, CLARENCE WINTHROP, 
Bowers, JoHN M., 
BrapForp, J. H., 

BRADLEY, Epson, 

BRADLEY, J. R., 

Brapy, Mrs. J. R., 

Brapy, NicHoras F., 
BRAINERD, IRA H., 


* Deceased. 


18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


3RAND, Oscar J., 
BRANDRETH, COURTENAY, 
BRANDT, JOSEPH F., 

3RAUN, FREDERICK, 
BREIDENBACH, CHARLES M., 
BREWSTER, Mrs. BENJAMIN, 
BREWSTER, GEORGE S., 
BRINCKERHOFF, ELBert A.., 
3RISTOL, JOHN I. D., 
Bristow, WILLIAM B., 
3ROABST, FRANK A., 
BrocKE, RUDOLF, 

BRONSON, Dr. EpwArp BENNET, 
Brown, Hon. Appison, 
Brown, CHar tes F., 
3ROWN, F. TILpEn, 

3ROWN, JOHN Crospy, 
3ROWN, VERNON CARLETON, 
BROWN, WALDRON P., 
Brown, Epwin H., 
3ROWNING, WILLIAM H., 
BROWNING, J. A., 

BRUCKER, CARL, 
BRUGGEMANN, GEORGE, 
Bryant, Dr. JosePH D., 
3rYCE, Mrs. WILLIAM, 
BUCHANAN, WILLIAM, 
3UCKLEY, RICHARD, 
BucKNER, THOMAS A., 
3upp, HENry A., 
BUECHNER, C. FREp, 
BuLKLEy, Epwin M., 
3ULKLEY, Mrs. Epwin M., 
BULL, CHARLES LIVINGSTON, 
3ULL, Ropert MaActay, 
3ULL, WILLIAM L., 

3uLL, Dr. WILLIAM T., 
Bumpus, Pror. Hermon C., 
BuRDEN, JAMES A., Jr., 
Burcess, Epwarp G., 
3URKE, B. J., 

BURLEIGH, GEORGE W., 
3URLEIGH, Mrs. GEORGE W., 
BurNHAM, Mrs. DoucLas W., 
Burr, WINTHROP, 

BUSH, JoHN S., 

But_Ler, ARTHUR W., 
BUTTNER, GUSTAV, 

CarEsAr, HENry A., 

Cater, Amos H., 

CALMAN, HENRY L., 
CALMAN, ALBERT, 
CAMMANN, Epwarp C., 
CAMMANN, HENry LorILLarp, 
CAMMANN, HERMANN H., 
CANFIELD, GEORGE FOLGER, 
CANFIELD, RICHARD A., 
Cannon, H. W., Jr., 


CANNON, JAMES G., 
CANROBERT, A. H., 
Carpeza, T. D. M., 

Carey, FREDERICK F., 
Carey, Henry T., 
CARPENDER, WILLIAM, 
CARPENTER, PHILIP, 
CARRERE, JOHN M., 
CarroLL, RoyaL PHELps, 
CarsTEN, ADoLpH C., 
CARSTENSEN, Mrs. JoHNn, 
Cass, CHARLES ANDERSON, 
Castle, E. W., 

CASWELL, JoHN H., 
Catucart, Miss JENNIE R., 
CERERO, R. L., 

CuHapsot, THEODORE J., 
CHAMBERS, FRANK R., 
CHAMBERS, JOHN A., 
CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE, 
CHAPIN, Mrs. ALFRED, 
CuHapin, Miss Marta Bowen, 
CHAPMAN, HENRY OTIS, 
CHAPMAN, JOHN J., 
CuHauncey, Exinu, 
CHEESEMAN, ANDREW, 
CHENEY, GEORGE L., 
CHESEBROUGH, Ropert A., 
CHICHESTER, CHARLES DarwWIN, 
CuILps, EVERSLEY, 
CuHiLps, WiLiiam H., 
CuHiIsoLtm, B. OcpEn, 
Cuisotm, Mrs. B. OcpEn, 
CHOATE, JOSEPH K., 
CHUBB, PERCY, 

CuurcH, CHARLES T., 
CuurcH, E. D., Jr., 
CHurcH, FReperic E., 
CuurcH, F. S., 

CHURCH, THEODORE W., 
CLAFLIN, JOHN, 

Ciark, D. CrAwForp, 
Crark, Miss Epirx# G., 
Ciark, J. MITCHELL, 
Cranks JG. 

CLark, Miss MARIAN AVERELL, 
Crark, W. A., 

Crark, WILLIAM N., 
CrarkeE, E. A. S., 
CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS, 
CLAUSEN, GEORGE C., 
CLEARY, JOHN, 

CLEVELAND, CHARLES D., 
CLYDE, WILLIAM P., 
CocHRANE, JOHN W., 
Cockerort, Miss E. V., 
Cockran, Hon. W. Bourke, 
Corrin, DanteL M., 


* Deceased. 


THIRTEENTH 


CoFFIN, WILLIAM EpWarpb, 
CoLsron, PAuL TOwNSEND, 
Cotsy, Howarp A., 

Cone, Epwarp F., 

CoLLiER, PETER F., 

COLLIER, PRICE, 

CoLiier, Mrs. R. J., 
CoLLIns, CLARENCE LyMAN, 
Cotiins, Dr. Stacy Bunn, 
CoLLins, Miss GERTRUDE, 
Comstock, Mrs. H. G., 
Conpon, THOMAS GERALD, 
CONKLING, PAUL, 

CoNTENT, Harry, 

CooGAN, JOHN J., 

CoomBe, T. Gorton, 
Cooper, THEODORE, 

Corbin, AUSTIN, 

CorBin, Mrs. AuSsTIN, 
Corninc, C. R., 

CorWINE, WILLIAM R., 
CosTAIN, EUGENE H., 
Coster, Epwarp LiviNGSsToNn, 
CowpbIn, WINTHROP, 
CowLes, Davin S., 

Cox, CHartes F., 

Cox, JENNINGS S., 

Cox; Marx T., 

CRAIGIE, ARCHIBALD WALPOLE, 
Cram, Mrs. KATHRINE G.,, 
CRANE, ALBERT, 

CravaTH, Mrs. Paut D., 
CRAWFORD, WILLIAM, 
CrayEN, Dr. Gustav A., 
CROMWELL, FREDERIC, 
CROMWELL, JAMES W., 
CROMWELL, LINCOLN, 
CRONEMEYER, ROBERT, 
Cross, Grorce D., 

Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT, 
CrossLey, G. REGINALD, 
CRUICKSHANK, JAMES, 
CurIeEL, H., 

Curtis, Epwarp W., 
Cutter, RALPH L., 
Cuttinc, R. Futron, 
CutTtinc, W. Bayarp, 
Cuttinc, Mrs. W. Bayarp, 
Cuyier, Miss ELEANor DEG., 
DAILEY, GRANVILLE F., 
Daty, Mrs. Marcus, 
DAMON, WILLIAM E., 
Dana, PAuwt, 

Dana, WILLIAM B., 
DANNHEIMER, WILLIAM L., 
Darps, CHARLES A., 
DAVENPORT, Pror. CHARLES B., 
DaAveENporT. Mrs. IRA, 


ANNUAL REPORT 19 


DavincE, WILLIAM H., 
Davies, FREDERICK M., 
Davies, J. CLARENCE, 
Davies, JULIEN TAPPAN, 
Davies, WILLIAM GILBERT, 
Davis, DANIEL A., 

Davis, GHERARDI, 

Davis, HowLanp, 

Davis, JoserH P., 

Davis, Morcan, 

Davison, CHARLES STEWART, 
Davison, GeorGE Howarp, 
Day, ArTHUR M., 

Day, Mrs. Henry Mitts, 
DEAN, Pror. BASHFoRD, 
De Coppret, HENry, 
DeEEvES, RICHARD, 

De Forest, Rosert W., 
DEGENER, J. F., 
DeGorcourta, A. V., 

De Kryn, B. FE, 
DELAFIELD, FREDERICK P., 
DELAFIELD, Miss Jutta LivrinesTon, 
DELANO, WARREN, JR., 
DeLtanoy, WitiiamM C., 
DELESKER, CHARLES, 
Demarest, A. J., 
DEMING, L. C., 

DENICKE, J. B., 

De RHAM, CHARLES, 

De Rua, H. Casimir, 
DeEsPARD, WALTER D., 
DEVEREUX, WALTER B., 
Dr VINNE, THEODORE Low, 
Deviin, THomas F., 

DE Witt, WatteR G., 

De Witt, WILLIAM G., 
DEXTER, STANLEY W., 
Dry, ANTHONY, 

Deyo, Rosert E., 

Dick, J. Henry, 
Dickerson, E. N., 

DIEHL, GEorGE H., 
Dienst, A. P., 

Dietz, Henry C., 
Dimock, GeorceE E., 
DITTMAR, JOHN, Jr, 
Dixon; Dy Js 

Dixon, Dr. GeorceE A., 
Dixon, Rospert NICER, 
DopcE, D. Stuart, 

Dopvce, Miss Erizapnetu W., 
DopcE, Miss Grace H., 
DopncE, Mrs. WiLt1AM E., 
Dominick, H. BLANCHARD, 
Dommne_nricH, L. F., 
DoremMus, F. S., 
Doustepay, F. N., 


* Deceased. 


20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


DoucLas, JAMES, 
DouGLass, ALFRED, 
Dows, Mrs. Davin, 
Dows, Mrs. Davin, Jr., 
Dows, Tracy, 


DRAKENFELD, B. FERDINAND, 


Drayton, J. COLEMAN, 
Draz, FRANCIS, 
DRESSEL, JOHN A. H., 
DruMMOND, I. WYMAN, 
DuANE, RICHARD BACHE, 


DuBois, Dr. MatTHEw B., 


Duet, Dr. ARTHUR B., 
DuLLeEs, WILLIAM, JR., 
DuNCAN, STUART, 
Duncan, W. BUTLER, 
Dunpbas, RaLtpH WuokrTtTs, 
DuNHAM, Dr. CARROLL, 
DuNnHAM, Epwarp K., 
DunuaM, Mrs. G. H., 
Dunn, Gano S., 
DuNNE, Epwarp B., 
DuryeEA, Harry H., 
Duryea, GEN. HIRAM, 
DutTcHER, WILLIAM, 
DwiIGcHT, JoHN E., 
Exssinc, A. H., 

Epcar, D., 

Epcar, HERMAN L. R., 
EpGArR, NEWBOLD, 
EpcELL, GErorGE S., 
Epmonps, JOHN W., 
EcEerTON, MAURICE, 
EGGELING, OTTO, 
ExuricH, Howarp, 
Erpiitz, Ropert JAMES, 
Evpers, Mrs. Fritz, 
ELprRIDGE, FREDERICK L., 
ELpRIDGE, WILLIAM T., 
ELiis, WILLIAM D., 
Exuis, WitLiAm H., 
ELLswortH, DuNcAN S., 
ELLtswortH, LINCOLN, 
EMANUEL, J. H., Jr., 
Emery, JOHN J., 
EmicuH, Mott, 

Emmet, C. TEMPLE, 
Emmet, Miss Lypra F., 
Emmet, Ropert TEMPLE, 
Emmons, WILLIAM, 
Enpicott, RoBert, 
ENGLISH, E. M.., 

ENo, JoHN CHESTER, 
EpsTEAN, EDWARD, 
Erpes_ou, R., 

ERDMANN, MAartTIN, 
ErxMEYER, H. F., 
ETTLINGER, Louts, 


Eustis, JoHN E., 

Evans, Mrs. CADWALADER, 
Evans, RICHARD, 

Evarts, A. W., 

Evarts, SHERMAN, 
FABBRI, ALESSANDRO, 
Fappri, ErNESTO G., 
Fappri, Mrs. ERNESTO G., 
FAHNESTOCK, Harris C., 
FAHNESTOCK, WILLIAM, 
FairBANKS, HEnry P., 
FaLiton, JOHN J., 

Fak, GUSTAV, 

Farco, JAMES C., 

Far ig, A., 

FARNHAM, PAULDING, 
FARRELLY, T. CHARLES, 
FARRINGTON, HARVEY, 
FEARING, GEORGE R., 
FEARON, J. S., 

FELLOWES, CORNELIUS, 
FENNELL, GEORGE W., 
Fercuson, Harry L., 
FERNSTROM, H., 

Fietp, Witt1Am B. Oscoop, 
Fretp, Mrs. WILLIAM Oscoon, 
FIELDING, Howarp B., 
FISCHER, WILLIAM H., 
FisHErR, L. G., 

Fisk, HArvEy EpWArD, 
FLAGLER, Harry HARKNESS, 
FLIntT, AUSTIN, JR., 
FLower, ANSON R., 
FLowEr, FREDERICK S., 
Four, FRANZ, 

Foot, JAMEs D., 
ForBACH, CHARLES, 

Forp, Miss Lesta, 
Forpyce, JOHN A., 
Foster, Epwarp W., 
Foster, GIRAUD, 

Foster, J. HEGEMAN, 
Foster, Macomes G., 
Foster, Scott, 

Fow er, THOMAS PoweELL, 
FRASER, ALEX. V., 
Fraser, Mrs. Grorce S., 
Fraser, Miss S. GRACE, 
FRASER, WILLIAM C., 
FRENCH, Dr. CECIL, 
FRENCH, DANIEL C., 
FRENCH, Mrs. JouHN, 
FRIED, SAMSON, 

FRISSELL, A. S., 

Futpa, Dr. Cart, 
Futpa, Dr. CLEMENS, 
FULLER, CHARLES D., 
Futter, Mrs. EuGENE, 


* Deceased. 


THIRTEENTH 


FuLier, HENry D., 
FULTON, JOHN, JR, 
FUNKE, EDMUND A.., 
FUTTERER, CHARLES F., 
Ganz, ANTHONY, 
GARRETT, JOHN W., 
GautTigErR, Dubey G., 
Gay, JosepPH E., 
GEISENHEIMER, THEODORE, 
GELBACH, Dr. R. WILLIAM, 
GEER, Mrs. WALTER, 
GERARD, Mrs. JAMES W., 
GERLI, EMANUEL, 
GERRISH, JOHN Brown, 
GERRY, PETER G., 
Gerster, Dr. ArpPAD G., 
GILBERT, CLINTON, 
GiLsEy, HENRY, JR., 
GLaAzierR, HENRY S., 
GLINTENKAMP, HENRY J., 
GLyn, W. E., 

Goapsy, W. H., 
Gopparp, FRepErIC N., 
GoETZ, CARL, 

GoprreEY, Mrs. E. D., 
Gopwin, HAro_p, 
GoEBEL, RICHARD A., 
GoLL, Epwarbp, 
GoLpscHMimnT, S. A., 
GoopDHUE, CHARLES E., 
GoopHUE, Mrs. S. C.. 
Gooprince, Mrs. F. G., 
Goopwin, A. C., 
GOTTHELF, CHARLES, 
GoTTHELF, HERMAN, 
GoTTHOLD, FREDERIC, 
GouLp, CHARLES A., 
GouLp, CHARLES W., 
GouLp, EpwIn, 

GouLp, GrEorGcE H., 
GOULDEN. JOSEPH A.., 
GRANT, R. S., 

GRAVES, WILLIAM L., 
GREEFF, ERNEST F., 
GREENE, GEN. FRANCIS V., 
GREENOUGH, JOHN, 
GREENWoOopD, ISAAC J., 
GREER, CHARLES. 
Grecor, ELMER R., 
GRIFFITH, DANIEL J., 
GRINNELL, GeEorGE Birp, 
GriscoM, CLEMENT, A., JR., 
GRISWOLD, CHESTER, 
Gross, FRANK, 
GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, 
GUILLIVER. WILLIAM C., 
GURNEE, WALTER S., 
HAENSEL, CHARLES W., 


ANNUAL REPORT 


HaicHt, CuHAr-eEs S., 
HAINES, CHARLES D., 
Harnes, Henry F., 
HALLocK, CHARLES P., 
HAtts, WILLIAM, JR., 
HatsteapD, Miss L. P., 
Hamers-ey, Miss C. L., 
HAMERSLEY, Louis Gorpon, 
Hamit., P. J., 

HAMILTON, Miss ADELAIDE, 


Hamitton, Miss ErizasetH STEW 


HAMMOND, JAMEs B., 


HAmmMonp, Mrs. JoHN HENRY, 


Hanson, Pror. Harry D., 
HARBECK, CHARLES T., 
Harp, ANson W., 

Harp, Mrs. ANson W., 


HARDENBERGH, Mrs. JOHN A., 


HARDENBERGH, T. E., 
Harmon, Mrs. CLirrorp, 
HARPER, LATHROP C., 
Harrison, GEorGE L., Jr., 
Harvey, ELt, 
HASSLACHER, JACOB, 
Hastincs, Mrs. THOMAS, 
HATFIELD, THomAS F., 
HAvEMEYER, F. C., Jr., 
HaveMeEyer, H. O., Jr, 
HAVEMEYER, J. C., 
HAvEMEYER, T. A., 
HaveN, GeorceE G., JR, 
Haven, J. Woopwarp, 
Havens, ALBERT G., 
Hawe, MATTHEW, 


Haynes, WILLIAM DE Forest, 


HeEcKeErR, ANTON J., 
Henc_Es, Jos E., 
HEIMAN, ABRAHAM, 
HEIMAN, E., 

HermMAN, Mrs. SopHie, 
HEINTz, JOHN C., 
HEITEMEYER, CLEMENS, 
Herp, Dr. R. JOHNSON, 
HENCKEN, HANCKE, 
HENpRICKS, FRANCIS, 
HENGSTLER, LouIs, 
HENRIQUES, Dr. H. A., 
HERMANN, FERDINAND, 
HERRMAN, Mrs. ESTHER, 
Herter, Dr. CHRISTIAN A., 
Herzoc. Lewis, 

Hess, SELMAR, 
HEUMANN, GeorceE M., 
HEUMANN, MICHAEL, 
Hewitt, Mrs. AprAM §., 
Hewitt, Hersert H., 
sine. 1B, Bk. 

Hirt, Henry, 


* Deceased. 


21 


ART, 


Hits, Dr. ALFrep K., 
Hiryarp, Georce D., 
HINCHMAN, WALTER, 
HirscH, CHARLES S., 
Hiss, PHILIP, 
Hitcucock, CENTER, 
HocHSscCHILD, BERTHOLD, 
HopEeNpyL, ANTON G., 
Hoe, Ricuarp M., 
Hoe, Mrs. RicHarp M., 
Hoe, Mrs. Ropert, 
HoFFMAN, Mrs. E. A., 
Hocan, WILLIAM, 
Hocc, JAMEs, 
Horerook, Mrs. F. S., 
HoLpEN, Epwin R., 
Hoven, GErorcE A., 
Hotiins, Henry B., 
FIOEMISTER. Ee Ee 
Hort, Henry, 
Hootey, Epwin S., 
HooRMANN, GEORGE, 
Horr, M. G., 

Hoppin, HaAmMILTon L., 
Hoppin, Witi1aim W., Jr., 
Hoskier, H. C., 
Howe, Wirt, 

Howe Lt, GEorcE C,, 
How anp, Henry E., 
How ann, Mrs. Henry E. 
Hoyt, CoLcateE, 

Hoyt, Watter S., 
Hoyt, Gerarp L., 
Hoyt, Gootp, 

Hoyt, Mrs. Jesse, 
HuGHEs, CHar_es E., 


’ 


Humpureys, Mrs. Epwarp WALSH 


HunNTINGTON, Rev. W. R., 
HuprFet, J. CHRISTOPHER Gi 
Hussey, Witiiam H., 
Hustep, Miss M. KATHARINE, 
Hustep, Seymour L., Jr., 
Hutcuins, Aucustus SCHELL, 
Hutcuinson, Cary T., 
Hutter, Kart, 

HUuYLER, Joun Cx 

Hype, Aucustus L., 

Hype, B. T. BAssirt, 

Hype, CLARENCE M., 

Hype, Dr. FREDERICK E; 
IncHEs, Grorce B., 

Iyams, J. T., 

Irvin, Mrs. "RICHARD, 

IsELIN, ADRIAN, JR., 

IsELin, C. OLIVER, 


ISELIN, Co_umBus O’DonNELL, 


IseLIn, Miss GEoRGINE 
IsELIN, Joun H., 


22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


IseLIN, WILLIAM O'DONNELL, 
IsHAM, CHARLES H., 
IsHAM, SAMUEL, 

Ivory, L. C,, 

JAcKSON, FREDERIC WENDELL, 
Jackson, Dr. GrorGE THOMAS, 
Jackson, R. G,, 

Jackson, SAMUEL MACAULEY, 
Jacos, LAWRENCE, 

Jacost, Dr. A., 

Jacogus, Joun S., 
JACQUELIN, HeErpert T. B., 
JACQUELIN, JOHN H., 

JAMES, ARTHUR CURTISS, 
James, Dr. Rosert C., 
JAMES, Dr. WALTER B., 
JANEWAY, Dr. Epwarp G., 
JENKINS, WILLIAM B., 
JENNINGS, FREDERICK Be 
JENNINGS, PHILANDER Re 
JENNINGS, WALTER, 

JESTER, CLAUDE W, 
Jounson, F. Corr, 

JoHnson, Guy B., 
JoHNSTON, J. HERBERT, 
JOHNSTON, SAMUEL D: 
JOHNSTON, WILLIAM ie 
JOLINE, ADRIAN HorFrMan, 
Jones, Miss BeEatrix, 
Jones, Mrs. CADWALADER, 
Jones, H. Botton, 

Jones, DwicHt Neg 

Jones, Lewis Q., 

Jupson, H. J., 

KAEGEBEHN, ALFRED, 
KAEGEBEHN, Miss Bertua K., 
KAEGEBEHN, OTTO, 

KAHN, Louts, 

Kaun, Orto H., 

KALLMAN, CHARLES, 
KAMENA, WILLIAM a 

KANE, JouN INNEs, 

Kane, Miss Louisa Lancpon, 
KAUFMANN, L., 

KEEcH, FRANK B., 

KELLEY, AUSTIN P., 
KELLocGc, Mrs. CHARLES, 
KELLY, EUGENE 

Kemp, ARTHUR T., 
KENNEDY, Epwarp G., 
KENT, EpwIn C., 

KEPPEL, FREDERICK, 
KeEvurFFeL, W. G., 

KEUFFEL, WILHELM, 

Kipper, JAMES HATHAWAY, 
Karr, |Ge 

KILtan, Henry, 

KIMBALL, ALFRED R., 


* Deceased. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


Kine, Epwarp, 

Kinc, JAMES Gore, 

Kinc, Mrs. Leroy, 

Kine. N. K., 

Kinc, WILLIAM F., 
KINNEY, Morris, 
KITCHING, FRANK W., 
KITTREDGE, SAMUEL DANA, 
Kitz, JOSEPH, 

Kiaw, Marc, 

KLEE, BENJAMIN, 

KLEIN, ALFRED J., 

Knapp, JoHN M., 
KNOEDLER, ROLAND F., 
KoENIG, JOHN J., 

Koester, Cary F., 

Kocce, A. H., 

KOHLMAN, CHARLES, 
Kors, Gustave F., 
KriscH, Gustav, 
KRUNSCHEID, C. D., 
KUGELMANN, CHARLES, 
KUHNE, PERCIVAL, 
Kunuarpt, Henry R., 
Kuper, JAcop E. W., 
Kuttrorr, ADOLF, 
LacomBE, Hon. E. Henry, 
Lapew, Mrs. Epwarp R., 
Lacatr, Dr. GEorGE, 
LAMBERT, Dr. ALEXANDER, 
LAMBERT, Dr. A. V. S., 
LAMBERT, Dr. SAMUEL W., 
Lamont, Mrs. Danie §., 
Lanpon, Mrs. E. H., 
Lanpon, Francis G., 
LANE, Epwarp V. Z., 
LANE, JAMES WARREN, 
LaNcE, J. D., 

LANGELOTH, J., 

LANGDON, Woopsury G., JR., 
LANGMANN, Dr. GusTAv, 
LANGSPECHT, CARL, 
LATTING, CHARLES P., 
LaupDAuERr, I. N., 
LAWRENCE, JOHN BwrLING, 
LAWRENCE, NEWBOLD T., 
LAWRENCE, TOWNSEND, 
LAWRENCE, WALTER BOWEN, 
LAWRENCE, W. V., 
Lepoux, Dr. ALBERT R., 
Lee, Mrs. Freperic S., 
Lee, Pror. FRepeERIc S., 
Lee, J. Bowers, 

Lee, Witiiam H. L., 
LEFFERTS, MARSHALL C., 
LEITNER, JACOB, 

LesHer, A. L., 
LETKEMANN, H. V., 


Levy, EMANUEL, 

Lewis, FReperic Extiorr, 
Lewis, Percy Pyne, 

Lewis, WApswortH RUSSELL, 
Lewis, Dr. WILLIAM J., 
LEWISOHN, ADOLPH., 
LIBENAU, ALBERT, 

LIEBERTZ, JOSEPH, 

LINCOLN, LOWELL, 

LinpE, J. E., 

LITCHFIELD, E. HUuBeErt, 
LircHFIELD, Epwarp H., 
LiITTAUER, WILLIAM, 
LIvINGSTON, WILLIAM S., 
LoBENSTINE, WILLIAM C., 
Lorp, Mrs. GEorGE DeForest, 


LoweLt, Miss CarLottaA RUSSELL, 


LoweLL, JAMEs B., 

Low, ETHELBERT IDE, 
LUCHSINGER, JACQUES, 
LueEpER, A., 

Lusk, Pror. GRAHAM, 
LuTTGEN, WALTHER, 
LYMAN, FRANK, 
McAtpin, Mrs. CHARLES W., 
McAtpin, GeEorcE L., 
McCuurg, S. S., 

McKim, Rev. HASLETT, 
McKim, JouHNn A., 
McKim, LeRoy, 
McKInNEyY, GLENN Forp, 
McLean, JAMES, 
McLean, MARSHALL, 
McVickKar, EDWARD, 
MaAcKEL, ADOLPH, 
Mactay, Mrs. Rosert, 
Macy, GeorceE H., 
MAENNER, F., 
MAERLENDER, Epwarp H., 
MacEE, JOHN, 

Macer, F. Rosert, 
Mau, WILLIAM, 

Marrs, Georce H., 

Matt, PIERRE, 

MANEWAL, WILLIAM, 
Mann, WILLIAM DALTON, 
Mapes, DANIEL, JR., 
Mapes, ErNEsT S., 
MarkKoek, Dr. J. W., 
MartLInG, ALFRED E., 
Martor, Henry S., 
MarsH, C. P., 
MARSHALL, CHARLES H., 
Marston, Epwin S., 
MartTIN, JAMES F., 
Martin, WILLIAM R. H., 
MarTINEz, MIGUAL R..,. 
Masten, RIcHArD R., 


* Deceased. 


Ne 


24 NEW YORK 


MaTHEWs, THOMAS, 
MATTHIESSEN, Miss MaRrIgE, 
MAXWELL, ROBERT, 

MeEuHL, HENry, 
MEHLTRETTER, CHARLES F., 
MEISSNER, CARL A., 
MELLEN, CuHaARLEs S., 
MERKEL, AUGUST, 
Merritt, Henry C., 
MeyER, CHARLES 

Meyer, GEORGE W., 
Meyer, WILLIAM, 
Meyrowitz, Emi B.., 
MIppLEBROOK, FREDERICK, 
MIKKELSEN, Mrs. M. A., 
pE Mirnau, Louis JoHn, 
MILBANK, ALBERT J., 
Miter, Mrs. CHARLES E., 
MILLER, ROSWELL, 
MILLIKEN, S. M., 

Mitts, ABRAHAM G.,, 
Mitts, ANDREW, 

Mutts, D. O., 

MiLMINE, C. E., 
MINTURN, JAMES F., 
MircHe tt, F. KENDALL, 
MitcHELL, WILLIAM 
Moencu, Hueco, 

MoFFat, GEORGE BARCLAy, 
MontTANT, ALPHONSE, 
MontTGoMERY, RicHarp M., 
Moore, Casimir DE R., 
Moore, CHARLES ARTHUR, JR, 
Moore, Miss Fairu, 
Moore, Dr. JoHn W., 
Moore, Miss K. T., 
Moos, AuGust, 

Morant, Harry, 
MoraweEtz, VICTOR, 
Morcan, Miss ANNIE T., 
Morean, Miss C. L., 
Morcan, Epwin D., 
Morcan, Georce E., 
MorGan, GeorcE H., 
Morcan, Mrs. J. B., 
Morcan, Mrs. J. PIeERPonrT, 
Morcan, JUNIus S., 
Morcan, Mrs. Junius S., 
Morcan, Dr. THomas H., 
Morris, Dave H., 
Morris, ForpHAM, 
Morrts, JOHN JAcops, 


Morris, Dr. Lewis RUTHERFURD, 


Morro, Epwarp, 
Morse, CHARLES H., 
MortiMeErR, RICHARD, 
Morton, A. L., 


Morton, Mrs. Henry SAMUEL, 


ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Mort, HENry C., 
Mott, JoHN Bowen, 
Mort, JorDAN J., JR., 
MUELLER, CHARLES F., 
MUHLFELD, FRANK J., 
MUuLLER, WILLIAM, 
Munroe, Henry W., 
MurGAtTRoyD, JOHN, 
Myers, JosePH G., 
NAEGELI, ROBERT, 
NerLson, Dr. Howarp S., 
NELSon, JAMES W., 
NESMITH, JAMES, 
NEUMER, FERDINAND, 
NicHoLs, Acosta, 
NIcHOLS, JoHN W. T., 
Nices, Rosert L., 
NIxon, JOHN, 

Nose, ALFRED, 
Norriz, A. LANFEAR, 
Norton, GrorGE F., 
Noyes, Mrs. Henry D., 
O’CONNELL, MICHAEL, 
O'Connor, PG- 
OcpEN, CHARLES W., 
OHMEIS, JOHN, 
Otcott, DupLey 2p, 
OLsEN, CHarLes P., 
OLYPHANT, Rosert, 
OLYPHANT, Rosert M., 
ONATIVIA, JOHN Victor, 
O’RovurkE, JoHN F., 


Osporn, Mrs. Henry FAIRFIELD, 


Otto, GusTAy, 
OUTERBRIDGE, Dr. PAUL, 
Ovens, LatHam J., 
Overton, Dr. FRANK, 
PAGANELLI, RAPHAEL, 
PAGANELLI, T. RICHARD, 
PautmMeEr, S. S., 

Parpart, WILL1AM E., 
Parsons, Epwin, 
Parsons, Mrs. Epwin, 
Parsons, H. pe B., 
Parsons, JOHN E., 
Parsons, Miss Mary, 
Parsons, WILLIAM BARCLAY 
Parsons, WILLIAM H., 
PassetT, AUGUST, 
Paterson, R. W., 
PATTESON, CHARLES S., 
PAuL, JoHN J., 

Paur, We Aw ©; 
PEABODY, STEPHEN, 

PELL, STEPHEN H. P., 
PENDLETON, FRANCIS Key, 
PENFOLD, WILLIAM HALL, 
PENNIMAN, GeorcE H., 


* Deceased. 


THIRTEENTH 


PERCIVAL, le: A: DE 
PERKINS, GEORGE W., 
PERKINS, Rosert P., 
PETERS, CHARLES G., 
PETERS, SAMUEL T., 
Peters, WILLIAM RICHMOND, 
PFEIFFER, GEORGE, 

PFIZER, CHARLES, JR., 
PICKHARDT, CARL, 

PIEL, GOTTFRIED, 

Piet, MICHAEL, 

Pierce, Henry CLay, 
PIERREPONT, Miss ANNA JAY, 
Prerson, GEN. J. FRED, 
Pike, R. W., 

PIncHoT, GIFFORD, 

Pitt, Henry W., 

PLATT, FRANK H., 

Pratt, Miss Marion ERSKINE, 
PLyMpton, GILBert M., 
PoLesiz, Max, 

PoLitock, GEorGE E., 
Poor, HENRY V., 

PorTER, CLARENCE, 
Porter, WILLIAM L.,, 
Post, ABRAM S., 

Post, Epwarp C., 

Post, GeorcE B., Jr., 
IRosmeNiRs: Ee Ax Ve, 
Post, WILLIAM H., 
Potter, Miss BLANCHE, 
Potter, EpwArpD CLARKSON, 
Potter, FREDERICK, 
Porter, Miss MArTHA, 
Potts, WILLIAM BreEvoortT, 
Pratt, GeorcE D., 
PRENTICE, JOHN HILL, 
PRENTISS, GEORGE LEWIS, 
Press, IT. CHANNON, 
Prime, Miss CORNELIA, 
PRINCE, Epwarp S., 
PRINCE, Pror. J. DYNELEY, 
PRYER, CHARLES, 
Putitzer, Mrs. JoserH, 
PUTNAM, WILLIAM A., 
Pye, JAMES TOLMAN, 
Pyne, Mrs. M. TAvtor, 
QurInTARD, Dr. EpwArp, 
RaprForD, Harry V., 
Ramo, C., 

RANDALL, FRANK E., 
RanpoLteH, EpMuNpD D., 
RANDOLPH, WILLIAM W., 
RANFT, RICHARD, 
RAPALLO, EpwWaArp S., 
Ratu, Ropert J., 
RATHBORNE, RICHARD C., 
RaucH, WILLIAM, 


ANNUAL REPORT 


READ, WILLIAM A., 
REDMOND, Miss E., 
REDMOND, Henry S., 
RrED, CHARLES, 

REIMER, Otto EuGENE, 
REINCKE, E. A., 
REINHARDT, GEORGE N., 
RENTER, AUGUST, 
REYNOLDS, E. B., 
REYNOLDS, JAMES BRONSON, 
RHINELANDER, CHARLES E., 
RHINELANDER, FREDERIC W., 
RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, 
RICHARD, EpwIn A., 
RicHarpbs, E. O., 
Ricumonp, Watts L., 
RIKER, JOHN L., 

RIKER, SAMUEL, 

Riptey, H. DrLion, 
RIPLEY, JULIAN A., 
Riptey, Louis A., 
RITTER, FREDERICK, 
Rives, GeEorGE L., 
RopBiIns, CHANDLER, 
Rosertson, Mrs. Fanny P., 
Rosertson, R. H., 
Ropinson, EpwArp, 
Rosinson, Ett K.., 
Ropinson, G. H., 
Ropinson, G. N., 
Rogsrnson, Henry A., 
Ropison, WILLIAM, 
Rockwoop, Witt1AM H., 
Roe, CHARLES F., 

Rog, Frank O., 

Rog, Irvine L., 
ROELKER, ALFRED, 
Rocers, E. L., 

Rocers, JAMES H., 
ROKENBAUGH, HeENry S., 
RoMAINE, W. Tyson, 
RoosEVELT, W. EMLEN, 
Root, ELIHu, 

Rose, JoHN J., 

Rossiter, ARTHUR W., 
Rossiter, E. V. W., 
RotuH, FREDERICK G. R., 
ROTHWELL, JAMES E., 
RowWLAND, THOMAS, 
RupoLtpH, JOHN J., 
RUNGIUS, CARL, 
Runyon, CarMAN R., 
Runyon, E. W., 
RUPPERT, JACOB, 
Ruppert, Mrs. JAcop, 
RUPERTI, JUSTUS, 
RUSSELL, ARCHIBALD D., 
Ryan, J. D., 


* Deceased. 


bo 


26 NEW YORK 


— 


RyLe, ARTHUR, 

Sr Joun! EL: 

SACKETT, CLARENCE, 
Sackett, Miss GEertrubeE T., 
Sackett, Mrs. S. E., 
SAENGER, CHARLES J., 
SacE, JoHN H., 

Sace, Mrs. RUSSELL, 
SAMPSON, CHARLES E., 
SANCHEZ, EDUARDO, 
SATTERLEE, Mrs. H. L., 
SAUTER, FREDERICK, 
SCHAEFER, ANDREAS F., 
SCHAEFER, HENRY, 
ScCHANCK, GEorGE E., 
ScHANG, FREDERICK, 
ScHauEy (G.yh 

SCHEFER, CARL, 
SCHIEFFELIN, Mrs, H. M., 
SCHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM Jay, 
SCHILLING, Ropert H., 
SCHIRMER, GUSTAV, 
ScHIRMER, Ruvoteu E., 
ScHMANDT, G., 

Scumipt, F. LrEopo.p, 
SCHNEIDER, G. E., 
SCHNIEWIND, F., 
ScHOLLE, A. H., 
SCHREYVOGEL, CHARLES, 
SCHULTZE, CHARLES, 
SCHULTZE, FRED, 
SCHULTZE, JoHN S., 
SCHUMACHER, CHARLES, 
ScHUYLER, Miss Loursa LEE, 
ScHWaARzZ, Henry F., 
Scott, Hon. Francis M., 
Scott, WILLIAM, 
ScriBNER, ARTHUR H., 
ScryMSER, JAMES A., 
SEDGWICK, ROBERT, 

SEE, A: B., 

SEGGEL, Lupwic F., 
SELIGMAN, ALFRED L., 
SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, 
SETON, ALFRED, 

SEWALL, FreD W., 
SEXTON, LAWRENCE E., 
SEYBEL, DANIEL E., 
SHAPIRO, D., 

SHAW, CHARLES HERBERT, 
SHAW, JAMES G,, 

SHEETS, Dr. E. A., 
SHEFFIELD, JAMES R., 
SHELDON, GEORGE R., 
SHELDON, WILLIAM C., 
SHIPWAY, JOHN H., 
SHOEMAKER, HENRY W., 
SHURTLEFF, ROSWELL Morse, 


ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY 


SisLtEy, Mrs. H. W., 
SIEGEL, JACOB, 

S1tteck, HENry G., JR., 
Srtteck, Mrs. HENry G., Jr., 
SILLIMAN, HArPFR, 
SIMMONS, JosePH F., 
Simpson, JoHN W., 
Simpson, WILLIAM, 
SKEEL, FRANK D., 
SKIpMoRE, WILLIAM L., 
SLADE, FrANcis Louts, 
SMILEY, DANIEL, 

SMILLIE, CHARLES F., 
SMILLIE, JAMES D., 
SmitH, Dr. A. ALEXANDER, 
SMITH, AUGUSTINE J., 
SmitH, ARTHUR, 

SmitH, F. M., 

SmitH, H. SANBoRN, 
SmITH, JAMEs, 

SmitH, Lucius H., 
SmiTH, NATHANIEL §S., 
SmitTH, PuHiir S., 
SmitH, Ropert W., 
SmitH, Dr. SAMUEL, 
SmitH, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, 
SMITHERS, CHARLES, 
SmitHe_rs, F. S., 

Snow, C. G,, 

SoLTMANN, E. G,, 
SorcHon, Mrs. VIcrTor, 
SPALDING, KEITH, 

SPEAR, JAMES, JR, 
SPEDDEN, FREDERIC O., 
SPENCER, LORILLARD, 
SPIEGELBERG, F., 

SPITZNER, GEORGE W., 
Sporrorp, Mrs. J. L., 
Sprinc, Miss ANNA RIKER, 
Spurr, E. W., 

Sourps, CHARLES F., 
Sourss, Dr. Epwarp H., 
STAFFORD, WILLIAM FREDERICK, 
StranpisH, MytLes, 
STANTON, JOHN R., 
Starr, Lours Morris, 
STEBBINS, JAMES H., 
STECKER, ADAM A.,, 
STEERS, HENRY, 
STEEVES, JOHN F., 
SterL, GeorcE H., 
STEINBECK, EDWARD, 
STEINMETZ, JOHN A., 
STELJES, GEORGE H., 
STEPHENS, OLIN J., 
STERN, ISAAC, 

STERN, VEsTY J., 
STEVENS, ALEXANDER H., 


* Deceased. 


THIRTEENTH 


STEVENS, FREDERIC W., 
STEVENS, RICHARD, 
STEVENS, THEoposIUS F., 
SrEVENSON, Paut Eve, 
STEWART, JAMES, 
STEWART, WILLIAM R., 


STi-tLMAN, Miss CHARLOTTE R.., 


STILLMAN, JAMES A., 
StiLLMAN, [nomas B., 
Strmson, Dr. Danie M., 
Sroecmrs Aw L:, 
Stokes, H. B., 

Stone, WALTER KING, 
Stout, ANDREW V., 
Stout, JOSEPH S., 

Stow, GEORGE G., 
STRANGE, A. B., 

Srraus, Miss Dorotuy, 
STRAUSS, FREDERICK, 
STREAT, JAMES, 
StrEETER, D. D., Jr., 
StrRoNG, THERON G., 
Sturces, Henry C., 
STUYVESANT, RUTHERFURD, 
SuLiivan, Mrs. JAMEs, 
Sutton, WoopruFF, 
Swan, ALDEN S., 
SwEnson, S. A., 

Taper, Miss Mary, 
Tart, HENRY W., 
TALCoTT, JAMES, 

PAD wAGE. Mrs, E:T. EE, 
TATHAM, CHARLES, 
EpaTuw. pA. Jel, 

TayYtor, Dwicut W., 
TAYLOR, GEORGE, 


Taytor, Mrs. HENRY OSBORN, 


Taytor, HenrRY R., 
TAYLor, HERBERT C., 
Taytor, JAMES B., 
Taytor, KNox, 

Taytor, Lioyp, 

TAYLor, Moses, 

TAYLor, STEVENSON, 
Denney, 'C. EE, 

Terry, JOHN T., 
TuacHer, Mrs. Georce W., 
THACHER, THOMAS, 
Tuayer, Mrs. ETHEL R., 
THAYER, Harry Bates, 
Tuomas, Dr. ALLEN M., 
Tuomas, SETH E., 
THORNE, JONATHAN, 
THorRNE, NEWBERRY D.. 
TuHorne, Mrs. W. V. S., 
TuHorne, W. V. S., 
TIETJEN, JoHN H., 
TirFany, Louis C., 


ANNUAL REPORT 97 


TiLtForp, Henry M., 

Titt, BENJAMIN B., 

Titton, JoseEpH W., 
TIMKEN, J. HENRY, 
TIMMERMANN, Henry G., 
Top, J. KENNEDY, 

Topp: ie EE, 

Tousrey, WILLIAM, 
TowNSEND, Epwin S., 
TOWNSEND, ISAAC, 
TOWNSEND, J. HENRY, 
TOWNSHEND, JOHN, 

Tows, CoE DowNINc, 
Tracy, THOMAS, 

TRASK, SPENCER, 

TRAVELLI, Mrs. CHARLES I., 
TROSTEL, FERDINAND, 
TROWBRIDGE, FREDERICK K., 
TrostEL, FERDINAND, JR., 
Truax, Hon. Cuartes H., 
Trustow, T. Brooks, 
TUCKERMAN, ALFRED, 
TUCKERMANN, PAUL, 
Turnure, Mrs. ARTHUR, 
TurRNuRE, GEORGE E., 
TWEDDELL, WILLIAM H., 
Unperwoop, WILLIAM LYMAN, 
UPpMANN, CARL, 

VALENTINE, Dr. WILLIAM A., 
Van BEuREN, FREDERICK T., JR., 
Van CorTLANDT, AUGUSTUS, 
VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., 
VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JOHN A., 
VAN DER SMISSEN, Dr. G. J., 
Van Emeburcu, D. B., 
Van Nest, Mrs. ALEXANDER T., 
Van Nest, G. WILLETT, 
Van NorbdEN, THEODORE LANGDON, 
Van NorvdeN, WARNER M., 
VAN WINELE, Enpcar B., 
Van Wyck, WILLIAM, 
Veccuio, Louts, 

VIELE, HERMAN K., 

Victor, A., 

VocEL, HERMAN, 

Von DREELE, WILLIAM H., 
WADDINGTON, GEORGE, 
WapsworTH, CLARENCE S., 
WapswortH, W. P., 
WAGNER, OTTO, 

WAGNER, H. WILLIAM C., 
WacstarFr, C. Du Bots, 
WaIinwricHt, J. Howarp, 
Watcott, FREDERIC C., 
WALKER, GEORGE L.., 
WALKER, GEORGE W., 
Watter, Rosert, JR., 
WatsH, SAMUEL A., 


* Deceased. 


Wa ter, F. E., 
WANNINGER, CHARLES, 
Warsurc, PAuL M., 
Warp, ARTEMAS, 


Warp, Mrs. GrEorGE CAszor, 


Warp, HENry C., 

WARD) JE OMA 
WaARDNER, HENRY STEELE, 
WARDWELL, WILLIAM T., 
WarrEN, Mrs. J. Hosarr, 
WARREN, LLoyp, 
WATERBURY, JOHN L., 
WATSON, CHARLES F., 
Watson, Rev. J. HENry, 
WEATHERBEE, EpwINn H., 
Weaver, R. H., 

Wess, F. EGEerton, 

Wess, Dr. W. SEWARD, 
WEBER, CHARLES, 
WEEKS, JAMES, 
WEITHMANN, JULIUS, 
WELLs, OLIVER J., 
WENDELL, EvERT JANSEN, 
WENDELL, GORDON, 
WENDELL, Mrs. JAcop, 
WERTHEIM, H. P., 
Westover, M. F., 
WeEtTMorRE, EpMUND, 
WETTLAUFER, OTTO C., JR., 
WHEELER, Everett P., 
WHeetLock, Mrs. G. G,, 
Wuite, ALAIN C., 
Wuirte, Horace, 

WuHuiteE, JOHN Jay, 
Wuitr, Leonarp D., 
WuirteE, S. V., 

WHITE, WILLIAM W., 
WHITEHOUSE, J. HENRY, 
WHITEHOUSE, WILLIAM F., 
Wuitine, Dr. CHartes A., 
WuHitTInGc, Miss GERTRUDE, 
WHITING, GILES, 
WHITMAN, CLARENCE, 
WHITMAN, WILLIAM, Jr., 
Wuitney, Miss Dororny, 
WuHuitney, Miss E. C., 
WuitripcE, F. W., 


28 NEW YORK 


ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIBDY 


WICKERSHAM, GEORGE W., 
WIENER, FELIx F., 
WILDERSINN, ERNEST, 
WiLkIns, F. H., 

WILLets, JoHN T., 
WittiiamMs, Mrs. G. G., 
WitiiAMs, RicHarp H., Jr, 
WiuiaMs, Mrs. Percy H., 
WiiiAMs, THOMAS, 
WILLIAMS, WALDRON, 
Wittoucusy, Miss Mary Carew, 
WILLs, CuHartes T., 
Witson, Dr. EpMuND B., 
Witson, GEorGE T., 

Witson, Henry R., 
WILTSEE, ERNEST, 

WINANT, FREDERICK, 
WINCKELBACH, L. O., 
Winturop, Ecerton L., Jr, 
Winturop, Mrs. Ecerton L., Jr., 
WintuHrop, Ropert DUDLEY, 
WIsLoH, JoHN G,, 

Wistou, THEODORE W., 
WISNER, CHARLES, 
WITHERBEE, FRANK S., 
WittrHaus, Dr. RupoteH A., 
WotrF, EMIL, 

Woop, ARNOLD, 

Woop, GILBERT CONGDON, 
Woop, J. WALTER, 

Woop, WILLIAM CoNGDON, 
Woopcock, Epwin, 
WoopHousgE, J. S., 
Woopwarp, JAMEs T., 
WORCESTER, WILFRED J., 
Wricut, J. DUNBAR, 
Wricut, Mrs. J. Hoop, 
Wricut, JoHN Howarp, 
Wricut, Mrs. MasBet Oscoop, 
WyckorF, Dr. PETER Brown, 
Younc, A. Murray, 

YounG, GEorcE W., 

Younc, JoHN ALVIN, 
YounNG, JoHN W., 
ZABRISKIE, ANDREW C., 
ZANG, CHARLES, 

ZINSSER, AUGUST. 


* Deceased. 


Corresponding Members. 


GILFEDDER, T. P.., 


JOHNSTON, Sir Harry H. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 29 


Summary of Membership. 


Benefactors 


Be eRe Lon see NOY ato Selena err Meena aE SG os I 
RGemreusnS Ott EET PECEUIEYS bz. c ss.8 cr RnS occ dh «sles fe eee emers 3 
LF GRBSMKG STAR" GAS aes GRA. aa ie pa ae te oy ea 27 
PMS OG Cas VOU OCLS cat ap cils oo Eaa creole WES « igus ceevacn ye eevee aeetels 13 
Pattoms “he... Ree eens cote Nonencr eens TSTMS a AS ea eI 38 
[Liit@ IMAGITa SVC Ren BIE a ee a a ee Pog ay 189 
ANSI VSTELT INIT STC OT SS) Se erg ei Poa ne ne ee 1,397 
@orcespondins and Honorary Members .....:.......... 14 

1,678 

Qualifications for Reqular Membership. 

Annual Members ..... $ 10 ©6Associate Founders ... 2,500 
Picesembers”... 4... 2... 200), HOUNdETS: :.4:4 sm aes 2) 5,000 
eAUOMES saat cane: acl as ess 1,000 =6Founder in Perpetuity. 10,000 


BenebactOtsaca..o.acea8 25,000 


Form of Bequest. 


I do hereby give and bequeath to the “New York ZOOLOGICAL 


Society,” of the City of New York, 


‘quqH WITH AHL TO NOLLAOd 


Re Feu Ral; .Ork 
Bee Seu VE COMMITTEE 


TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS 


i NOVEMBER, 1909, the Society will celebrate the Decen- 
nial of the opening of the Park in an appropriate manner 
It is really a great achievement that, in the short space of ten 
years, through the loyal cooperation of our members, of the 
city authorities, and of the able staff of experts, a zoological 
park ranking among the first in the world has been created. The 
Administration Building will then be opened, and for the first 
time members will find an attractive meeting place and special 
accommodations when visiting the Park. 

There are three great objects to which this Society must 
especially devote attention and effort during the coming year, as 
follows: 

Endowment Fund.—An Endowment Fund for the perpetuation 
of the Society, similar to that enjoyed by the Metropolitan Mu- 
seum of Art, and the American Museum of Natural History, is 
absolutely essential. The welfare of the Society now depends on 
the annual dues and the individual efforts of its officers. Certain 
contingencies might arise which would jeopardize what should be 
absolutely secure, namely, its perpetuation and service to the 
community. This can only be rendered certain through an ade- 
quate Endowment Fund. The Executive Committee, during the 
coming year, will attempt to raise $200,000 toward a fund 
which should ultimately be $1,000,000. 

Conservation of Wild Life-——From the first, preservation of the 
wild life of North America has been one of the avowed objects of 
the Society. The officers of the Society, especially our Director, 
Dr. William T. Hornaday, and our Secretary, Mr. Madison 
Grant, have been extremely active in devising and securing effec- 
tive legislation in various parts of the United States, in Alaska, 
in Newfoundland, and even in British Columbia, for the preser- 
vation of wild life. Indirectly the Society has also, through its 
officers, been instrumental in the great movement for the Bison 
Preserves of Oklahoma and Montana. The urgency of this 
movement increases with the rapidly increasing destruction of 
game in all parts of our great country, and with it increases 
the responsibility of the Society, both officially and through 


32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


its individual membership, to make renewed efforts for the im- 
periled natural life, the loss of which to the country will be little 
short of a national calamity. That this is not an overstatement 
is proved by the universal protest against the destruction of the 
3ison, and by the truly national movement and sentiment to pre- 
serve this noble animal. 

Zoological Research.—This is the third great object to which 
the energies of the Society should especially be devoted. Already 
an enviable reputation has been made through the splendid publi- 
cations in natural history of Dr. William T. Hornaday, Mr. Madi- 
son Grant, Mr. C. William Beebe, Mr. R. L. Ditmars and Mr. 
Charles H. Townsend. These publications have been based 
partly on the collections brought together by the Society in the 
Park and Aquarium, partly as the result of travel, and partly as 
the result of remarkable experiments carried on in the Park 
itself. Of the latter, the experiments of Mr. C. William Beebe on 
the plumage of birds, as published in Zoologica, our scientific 
periodical, have attracted world wide attention. A number of 
persons have thereby become interested in the future work of the 
Society, and have contributed generous sums to carry on this 
work. 

A distinct line of investigation of an especially humane charac- 
ter is that which the Society has been conducting from the very 
first on the life, health and happiness of its captive animals of all 
kinds. These investigations are now being assembled in two 
important volumes, which will be published as part of the celebra- 
tion of the Decennial of the Society, from the Zoological Park 
and the Aquarium respectively. 

The members of the Society are individually and collectively 
invited to aid in these great movements, which will not in anv 
way interfere with, but rather will tend to increase the beauty 
and attractiveness as well as permanence of the Zoological Park 
itself, which, it is always to be remembered, is the first object 
for which the Society was formed. The buildings of the Park 
must be extended, the collections must be made more comprehen- 
sive, the natural beauties of the Park must be preserved, the edu- 
cational value of the collections to the people of the City of New 
York must be constantly kept in mind. 

With the fulfilment of these ideals, which have been before us 
from the beginning, and with the establishment of an Endowment 
Fund, the Society will begin its second decennial with confidence 
in another decade of still greater usefulness. 

During the past year the Zoological Park and the Aquarium 
have grown in popularity with the public, as is proved by ‘the 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


fact that 1,413,677 people visited the Zoological Park, and 
2,536,147 visited the Aquarium, making the remarkable total 
of visitors to the two institutions of 3,949,824, a total increase 
over the attendance for 1907 of 542,390. It can be safely stated 
that the attendance at the Aquarium for the year 1908 is the 
largest attendance of any scientific institution in the world. The 
cost to the City for providing amusement, recreation and scientific 
instruction to this great number was about five cents for each 
visitor. 

During the past year the most important permanent improve- 
ment comprised the completion of the Elephant House; the par- 
tial construction of a very extensive and important series of yards 
for its inhabitants; the completion of the Concourse and Ap- 
proach; completion of the Concourse Entrance on Pelham Ave- 
nue; completion of the new Soda Pavilion, and of the walks and 
retaining walls surrounding it; and the commencement of the 
work on the Administration Building. 

The membership of the Society on January I, 1909, showed a 
slight increase over 1907, and was as follows: 


eM erAClOnS PANG re MOUMGEES Ha Ac. ty.c, bo.2 igo ee 2 

EASSOCIAtCqOUIIG@EES! tr byes oe SOs Seti Be eeleps 1 

EP SELOUS er Pen at aye Sides oe Ae ee SE ae Ree 38 

MireaWietmberorart feiss his. cake a Artes eal 189 

PeUUaR eR Ale Wena ERS eye ty sa shapes, tev See eee 1,397 

Corresponding and Honorary Members ........ 14 
diGtalaVembeLonipienr. soc seek otee trite d ae ae 1,678 


As against a total of 1,624 in 1907. 
FINANCES. 


Animal Fund.—During the year 1908 the receipts for the 
Anima! Fund have been as follows: 


SIPC Cia SUDSELIPUIORS or 215.76 ,2 cheeks) s cecct fue ase $4,230.00 
IRecenved irom sales: of animals. ............- 1,561.50 
Received from Park privileges ........2+- 19,779.93 
balance arom: theyear TOO7 ei. itos oe 5, 1,325.33 
ME GUASTECEIDES beta Sa ate ee et ores $26,896.76 
During the year there was expended for ani- 
RInLES MPEG | SUBIC OL core yc oh oA aces oes eo 13,678.01 


balance jantary sl, 1900.2. 22. 2%. .).5 oe $13,218.75 


34 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Income Account.—During the year the Income Account proved 
inadequate to maintain the work of the Society, and a special 
subscription, totaling $9,850, was raised among the members 
of the Board of Managers. On January 1, 1909, this account 
showed a balance of $6,106.54. An increased membership is 
necessary to maintain this fund without a deficit. 


The Executive Committee decided to ask one hundred members 
of the New York Zoological Society each for a special contribu- 
tion-of $40 a year, for the years 1909 to 1913, inclusive. This 
will offset the estimated annual deficit of the Income Account on 
its present basis. The responses to this request have been most 
gratifying. The committee also resolved that those subscribing 
to such Sustaining Membership should have the right to desig- 
nate a Life Member of the Society, upon the completion of the 
payments of the subscription for the five years, amounting to 
$200. 


General Fund.—The General Fund shows a balance of $207.80. 


Ground Improvement Fund.—On January 1, 1908, there was a 
balance in the Ground Improvement Fund of $149,757.05, and 
during the year $65,000 has been appropriated by the City; also, 
$4,073.44 being the premium on the sale of bonds. During the 
year the sum of $147,608.25 has been expended, leaving a bal- 
ance of $71,222.24 available for new construction. 


Stokes’ Bird Fund.—On January 1, 1909, this fund donated 
to the Society by Miss Caroline Phelps Stokes for the protection 
of bird life, showed a balance of income of $519.11. The princi- 
pal, viz., $3,009.58 is invested in three [linois Central Railway 
4 per cent. Gold Bonds. Through the further generosity of Miss 
Stokes this fund has been increased to a total of $5,000, and her 
wishes regarding the use of the income of her fund was ex- 
pressed in the following very liberal terms: 


“T should like to ask that the income of the fund shall be 
annually expended, * * * and I am entirely willing that it 
should be used in any part of the United States, or our country’s 
possessions, wherever there is the most or special need for en- 
lightenment, or protection of bird life.” 


Maintenance of the Zoological Park.—The amount provided 
by the City for the maintenance of the Park for the year 1908, 
$154,627, was found insufficient to maintain the Park for that 
vear in an adequate manner. In view of that fact the Board of 
Estimate appropriated the sum of $162,325 for maintenance for 
the year 1909, which is an increase of $7,698 over the year 1908. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 35 


Owing to the increase in the cost of maintenance, by reason of 
the added charges on account of the Elephant House and other 
new buildings, this additional appropriation from the City is most 
timely. It is also proof of the continued confidence of the present 
City administration in the management of the Park. 


Matutenance of the Aquarium.—The amount appropriated by 
the City for the maintenance of the Aquarium for 1908 was 
$45,000, which proved sufficient for that year. Owing, how- 
ever, to the fact that the cost of maintenance at the Aquarium is 
increasing, the amount of $46,000 has been provided for the 
coming year, 1909. This action on the part of the authorities is 
very satisfactory and gratifying to your Committee. 


Aquarium Improvement Fund.—The small balance available 
in this fund in January, 1908, prohibited the making of highly 
necessary betterments. Therefore, application was made for 
$5,000 for improvements, the most important of which is a new 
roof. This application was granted, but the money has not yet 
been actually placed to the credit of the fund. On January 1, 
1909, there was a balance of $441.57 to the credit of the fund. 
The plans and specifications for the work are now being pre- 
pared. 

Detailed statements of the above accounts are set forth in the 
Treasurer’s report. 


IMPORTANT GIFTS TO THE PARK. 


The most important gifts during the year have been: One 
Sarus crane, presented by Mr. William Rockefeller; one white- 
tailed deer, presented by Captain H. Blake; one black bear, pre- 
sented by Mr. Rex Beach and Mr. F. A. Stone; one white-tailed 
deer, presented by Mr. S. B. Chittenden; one African rock 
python, presented by Miss Trixie Roderico; one golden baboon, 
presented by Mrs. Annie Kellogg Dale; one anteater, presented 
by Mr. Gustav Butnee; eight pheasants, presented by Mr. Clar- 
ence Whitman; and donations to the Special Animal Fund as fol- 
lows: $1,000 from Mr. Charles H. Senff; $500 from Mr. Robert 
S. Brewster; $500 from Mr. Andrew Carnegie; $500 from Mr. 
Edward S. Harkness, and $500 from Mr. Nelson Robinson. 

A detailed list of subscriptions to the Special Animal Fund 
will appear in the report of the Director of the Park. 


NEW BUILDINGS AND INSTALLATIONS. 


The Elephant House, acknowledged to be the finest zoological 
building in the world, was completed and opened to the public 
on November 20, 1908. 


~ 


‘ONIGTINGA NOLLVULSININGV MUN 


Fide, re 


Fah aR 


es 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 37 

The construction of a very extensive and important series 
of yards for animals, and of walks around the Elephant House, 
is now in full progress. 

The new Soda Pavilion, immediately south of the Aquatic 
Bird House, has been completed, as well as the walks and retain- 
ing walls surrounding it. 

The Concourse and Approach have been completed, thus af- 
fording direct access for automobiles and carriages to Baird 
Court and the main animal exhibits of the Park. 

Work on the Administration Building is now in progress, and 
it should be completed by October, 1909. When this building is 
ready for use, the members of the Society will be provided with 
special and suitable accommodations in the Park, which hereto- 
fore have been lacking. The plans provide for spacious reception 
rooms and offices, space for the library of the Society, and for 
the National Collection of Heads and Horns. This building is 
located on the northeast corner of Baird Court, and completes the 
plan oi that portion of the Park. It will be ready for occu- 
pancy about October I, 1900. 


PLANS FOR 1909. 


During 1909 the Elephant House Yards and Walks will be 
completed, in the spring. At the same time the very extensive 
planting operations planned for the Concourse and Approach to 
Baird Court will be carried out. 

It is hoped that the Society will also be able to carry out the 
plans for the construction of a Zebra House and Eagles’ Aviary, 
now much needed. 

It is the intention of your Committee to endeavor to give the 
Park a more finished appearance in various details, now that the 
chief construction work is completed. 


ANIMAL COLLECTION. 


At this time, in point of total number of specimens in good 
condition on exhibition, the animal collections of the Zoological 
Park far exceed the total to be found in any other zoological 
institution. The summary is as follows: 


Micriiialls*-anFS Siac x0 217 species 682 specimens 
EEOS 612 WSs ne si a cee's SOS, als 2,015 i 
Reptiles and Amphib- 


(210 Fen es ee 182 5 1,282 


2 NEW -YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY. 


| ‘ } 
IDIRFCTORS: RM: |] 
} 16-6X 21-2" mi 


RECEPTION~ ROOM: EXECUTIVE~ COMM:. ROOM: 


32K34-8" S2x34-S 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


ANTE. ROOM. 


| 18-6x 21-2" 


Ground Floor Plan. 


GROUND PLANS OF NEW ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. 


These figures show an increase over 1907 of 97 species, and 545 
specimens. 

Over $12,000 has been expended on the purchase of animals 
during 1908, including one Indian rhinoceros, three ibex, one 
Grevy zebra, one pair of ostriches, one Malay tapir, three 
clouded leopards, two imperial pythons, two cassowarys, one 
chimpanzee, one elephant, one baboon and one markhor. Dur- 
ing the year the Animal Fund was replenished by special sub- 
scriptions amounting to $4,015, as more particularly detailed in 
the report of the Director of the Park. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPOR! oe 


‘(PICTURE GALLERY’ 
20 X 50 


CBILING LicHty 


PICTURE-GALLERY! 


‘\LOUNGING ' ROOM rt 
Seo aCOe: = Sox a0" ~ See ES PEN | 
CeLiNG Licntys CEILING: LiGHtr — t 


| 


| LOUNGING' RM: | ‘ LIBRARY ALCOVE 
| 16 X 20' | 20x24 
CriLinGLictrry. CEILING LIGHTS 


Second Floor Plan. 


GROUND PLANS OF NEW ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. 


FORESTRY DEPARTMENT. 


The most important work of this Department was in the Ele- 
phant House Yards, and grading the grounds adjacent to the 
Concourse and Approach. A great deal of work was done toward 
the extermination of insects and other tree pests with a fair de- 
gree of success, and the care and protection of the Park forests 


have been continued. 


40 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


The statistics of the Medical Department have now reached 
that stage where reliable deductions may be made on a number of 
problems connected with the care of wild animals in confinement. 

Aside from the medical treatment of diseased animals, much 
work during the past year has been directed toward determin- 
ing the effect of close confinement on the various organs of the 
body, particularly the heart and blood-vessels, kidneys and liver: 
also toward the purpose of learning to what extent degenerative 
changes in these organs contribute to the lowering of the resist- 
ance of the body forces in various diseases. 

No animals of great value have been lost during the past year, 
and the death-rate has been held down to what appears to be its 
normai limit. Gastro-enteritis among the hoofed animals, and 
tuberculosis and “cage paralysis’ among the primates, which have 
occupied so much of the attention of this department in the past, 
are now, we are happy to say, no longer important factors in the 
death-rate. 

A great deal of interest is now being taken in comparative 
pathology, and much valuable material from this department has 
been utilized by various pathological laboratories, among them, 
The Rockefeller Institute, Health Department of New York City, 
Boston University School of Medicine, Carnegie Laboratory, 
and others. 

Our veterinarian was delegated by this Society to attend the 
International Congress on Tuberculosis, held at Washington, 
D. C., during September, and besides contributing a paper on 
“Tuberculosis in Wild Animals” to this Congress, he was bene- 
fited by observing the very latest methods of dealing with this 
universal problem. 


BRONX PARKWAY COM MISSION. 


The Bronx Parkway Commission has, as yet, been unable to 
obtain from the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, any 
money to prepare the necessary plans and surveys, which must be 
completed before any work can be commenced on the Parkway. 
The Comptroller of the City of New York, to whom the applica- 
tion of the Commission was referred, made a favorable report 
strongly endorsing the plans of the Commission, but the other 
members of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment have 
withheld their consent, on the plea of financial stringency. The 
protection of the river and the lands along the river valley is 
absolutely essential to the communities on the banks of the 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 4] 


Bronx River and in Westchester County, and to the existence of 
the water system of Bronx Park in New York City. No other 
scheme has been, or can be, devised as economical as the purchase, 
and acquisition by gift, of the lands along the Bronx Valley, 
and their dedication to Park purposes. It is probably only a ques- 
tion of time when this project will be carried through. 


NEW YORK AQUARIUM. 


The New York Aquarium is now on a better basis than ever 
before, a new sea-water system having made possible the keeping 
of many kinds of fishes and invertebrates not hitherto exhibited 
here. 

An underground reservoir of 100,000 gallons capacity was 
filled with pure sea water in July, 1908, since which time the 
marine species have been kept in healthful condition, numerous 
delicate forms adapting themselves perfectly to the conditions of 
captivity. Early in the summer of 1909 it will be possible to 
stock the tanks with still more attractive examples of sea life, now 
that the use of the stored sea water is well understood. 

This splendid water supply relieves the Aquarium of the handi- 
cap under which it formerly operated when salt water had to be 
pumped from our sadly polluted harbor. 

Each year since the Zoological Society took charge of the 
Aquarium, it has, with the ready cooperation of the City, made 
that great museum of aquatic life more and more popular with 
the people. Further improvements are in progress, chiefly in the 
way of lighting the building, which will add to its attractiveness. 

The latest arrivals are a green turtle from the West Indies, 
weighing 400 pounds, and a collection of fishes from Lake 
Huron. The collection of tropical fishes, now for the first time 
successfully wintering at the Aquarium, is very attractive in form. 
and color. 

On the forenoon of September 28, 1908, the Fourth Interna- 
tional Fisheries Congress was specially entertained at the Aqua- 
rium. Many of the foreign delegates were surprised to find that 
New York maintained a distinctly larger and better stocked 
aquarium than is to be found anywhere in Europe. It collects and 
succeeds in keeping aquatic forms, the exhibition of which is 
not attempted elsewhere. 


NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS. 


During the past year many important specimens have been pre- 
sented to the National Collection of Heads and Horns. The 


49 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


most important group is the collection of Dr. A. Donaldson 
Smith, from Somaliland, south of Abyssinia, and also from India. 
This series contains heads of giraffe, Abyssinian buffalo, rhinoc= 
eros, kudu, waterbuck, Indian bison, Indian buffalo, and many 
other species. It was presented by Mr. George J. Gould. 

Mr. E. J. House, of Pittsburgh, has contributed a Grevy 
zebra, Grant zebra, black rhinoceros, reticulated giraffe and 
Atlantic walrus. Mr. Henry Disston, of Philadelphia, has pre- 
sented two pairs of Eland horns, one of which is the world’s 
record pair for length. The Caughnawana Club, of Quebec, has 
ae a sixty-five-inch moose head; Mr. Wilson Potter of 

Philadelphia, has given a mountain sheep head from Lower Cali- 
fornia; Mr. Carl Ramee has given the most southerly moose 

ever taken, and Mr. Frank Hart, of Doylestown, Pennsylvania, 
~ has contributed a fine collection of twelve pairs of rare horns and 
antlers. Mr. Harry Edwards, of Fairbanks, Alaska, has pre- 
sented two pairs of antlers of Osborn caribou; Mr. George F. 
Norton has given tusks of norwhal and Atlantic walrus; Mr. 
John M. Phillips has contributed an extra large mountain goat 
head; Mr. Edward P. Larned, an Atlantic walrus skull; Mr. jeu 
R. Bradley, an Altai ibex head; and Mr. F. S. Billings, of Wood- 
stock, Vermont, a mountain sheep head. 


PUBLICATIONS. 


During the year the Annual Report and four Bulletins have 
been published and sent to all the members of this Society. 

3rochure, No. II, on the National Collection of Heads and 
Horns, was prepared and sent out to a selected list of the mem- 
bers of the Society. The special publications are sent free to 
any member desiring them. 


OBITUARY. 


The Committee reports with regret that during the past year 
the following life members have passed away: 


Miss MaritpaA W. Bruce, 
Mrs. GEORGE W. CoLrorp, 
Mr. E. W. Davis, 

Mr. CHARLES R. HENDERSON, 
Mr. J. W. Pincnor, 

Mr. GEORGE W. QUINTARD, 
Mr. EUGENE SCHIEFFELIN. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT A: 


- 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 


The continued success of the Zoological Park and the Aqua- 
rium has been due in a very great degree to the loyalty and 
high sense of duty manifested by Director William T. Hornaday 
and Director Charles H. Townsend, and of their very efficient 
staffs of curators and assistants. Your committee feels that it 
has been extremely fortunate in the selection of the personne! 
of both these departments, and takes this opportunity of ex- 
pressing its appreciation of their zeal. Your committee also 
desires to acknowledge the continued interest and aid that it has 
received from the various City officers, without exception, and 
especially from His Honor, the Mayor, and the Comptroller, as 
well as the Park Commissioners, both for the Boroughs of The 
Bronx and Manhattan, and from their respective staffs of assist- 
ants. It is to the various members of these respective staffs 
due in no small degree that the relations between the municipal 
authorities and the Zoological Society have continued to be most 
satisfactory. 

Respectfully submitted, 
HENryY FAIRFIELD Osporn, Chairman, 
MapIsoNn GRANT, 
Joun S. BARNEs, 
Percy R. Pyne, 
WILLIAM WHITE NILEs, 
SAMUEL THORNE, 
Levr P. Morton, e+ officio. 
January I, 1900. 


The following resolution was passed on January 19, 1g09, on 
the occasion of the resignation of Mr. Levi P. Morton as presi- 
dent: 

Resolved, That the Board of Managers receive with great 
regret the resignation of Hon. Levi P. Morton, as president of 
the New York Zoological Society, an office which he has filled 
with distinction for twelve years past. The Board of Man- 
agers desire to record their warm appreciation of Mr. Morton’s 
interest in the Society, and his generous support of the develop- 
ment of the Zoological Park. They also desire to convey to him 
their best wishes for his continued good health and welfare. 


Treasurer's Reports. 


For THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1908. 


The annual expenditures of the various funds are shown in the appended statements. 


General fund. 


Gashuiiplineastiny, e)anitianyel, OOS) a. scene. ceccse ase eee ae a $1,706.80 
RECEIPTS. 

Mirscelilameo ti Sines me sini Usa ater ees Gia ern ei tional civ ne Sine raraties 1.00 

$1,707.80 

EXPENDITURES. 

Mc Onlera CCOM ita (than Siete) i myta aiaicar ajc se cearee rome sraticces 1,500.00 
Gashebalance December 9iy TOOG..95-6se2-5sa-ce5 secs eee e 207.80 

$1,707.80 

H. R. MIrTcHELL, Percy R. Pyne, 
Chief Clerk. Treasurer. 


January I, 1900. 


Income Account. 


Cash in’ Preasury;-Jantiatys a. sles eer etree $114.01 
RECEIPTS. 
SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
Lispenard ‘Stewant soc: ne eee eee $500.00 
Bs Aeustus’ Schermerhonines mci cite renee 500.00 
@has) Ee sDictenichitay een oc seen ek 500.00 
Grant<BeSchiley, 220 were eae Cnc Por ee taiess 500.00 
Andrew Garneet en yaceen sine wae eeereret taki ornate leks 500.00 
SamueleMhoriee acu ene on oe ee ore 500.00 
Major WeeA® sWadswommedt s.seri sees a2 arses 500.00 
GlevelandplhsDodgertcr costae ctetoece sonar 500.00 
JacobebleySchitiecassaneeetetee ace coo cones 500.00 
JohnuS] Barnesemcncacs. soe ese eras 500.00 
Geos whaiBakeng core coma oe inert ier: 500.00 
NelsonsRobinsom sovscn seit e octeneriercuerer recite: 500.00 
Hugh jst Chisholina <s2eees caceig tte eeepc ous 500.00 
PRencys heave cieraorrmn eenina acter ener ke 500.00 
Prot. Elenny ske@sboriecermeroscrccrer ener 500.00 
Hugh) DisAuchincloss=secer ance occ erie: 500.00 
CiiedyardvBlatniec sont vee oe cesar eee 250.00 
DE iritsol eel shliMaammucmet snmmnoEabcocmes bau dooce 250.00 
Erankaks “Sturcicee save cia oer ele mera 250.00 
Geos Ge" Clark acer ieasnahes nore a ete a eae ee eactem 100.00 
Miscellaneousmatcwccoca cr ae oe a emer hci 20.00 8,870.00 
GeneralabundsGtransien)ies ances cree eee nn 1,500.00 
Stokes birdy fundies nee est ee mooie eee ceerhens 135.00 
Life mremibenshitpr se des cewyeciserittos sheet aerate 600.00 
Aariualicditesmariie aces crate come eae eta eae 12,330.00 
Wibtyers | Pinter Camariaiais o inci oan cold copa cmos cone 3.00 
LE@OOlOSICA: 208 050K Sr ee ee eRe .20 
AGUATIUITI eee eee ee oe CR eee eee 28.60 14,596.80 
EXPENDITURES. $23,580.81 
Gartlandicasesicncn sake ace Oa ee ne ee: 187.66 
Scientifiesresearch: sate eee een 132.55 
Gamer protectiOniecas ace cinta ee eC CIC 31.15 
Miidittor accOuntsis seer cc ose eee 150.00 
Publications. 10r members osc onee e eee 334.24 
Stationenysand) office: suppliiesscm- smn. steno 722.84 
Annual. Report xc, -tistacevsisuis see aerate ate iets 1,571.28 
General: oficeexpenses. | 9A. sen seen cee 1,738.77 
[ei Drativat season ce eee he ee Eo ee 113.87 
MuiscellancoustexpensSeSa- a. erica ade eee 986.00 
BRhotosraphseandaclidesisa senna acre nie ene 1,292.24 
Mreasuners office expenses occ. es secs es seas 646.65 
Bulletin: (ease co cee aceon ee oe ue 1,264.95 
AQUATIUM eae oc. er Eee 204.64 
Secretanyissalanyctrecmtdct ve camccci soccer ee 4,000.00 
Eleadss-hornsmatrd *tuske jecmrace ieee ra aere ine F577 
Salary and expenses of librariam............:...- 1,200.00 
Bneineering -expensese seas ne eee eee 232.27 
EmployersMainsunanceueteecaceseace cere eer 650.61 
Interest sc cater rescle ssehes Oe 641.25 
Stokes; bird ititnd: (transite) sassetocesnecie reste 538.44 $17,474.27 
Gash balance, December 31; 10082... .-0.5-. 05-0 6,106.54 
$23,580.81 
H. R. MircuHe tt, Percy R. Pyne, 
Chief Clerk. Treasurer. 
January 1, 1900. 46 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 47 
Animal fund. 


CashiinviMlneasuny, Janianry 1a TOG. scence cases occa sens $1,325.33 
RECEIPTS. 
Special Subscriptions; 
Ghac:vEleeSeutti  -yc5. cee eo $1,000.00 
Robt: 9. Brewster -o..2..06. 2.54 500.00 
ANTE wr Carnegie qacace sam. be ore 500.00 
Hidiws jon ElarkKneSS) @ oc. shane. ose 500.00 
INelson Robinson :..:.......... 500.00 
GaSe Bow doinwesscsee. one scee : 200.00 
Misse@oraeBarnes) cee nce ca. oe: 200.00 
Evenrye Ihnillips: ce cise oe esr ele 100.00 
Jecs 1B 1 oimtal Ca eas aes aoe eae see 100.00 
Niohny DA erattecmnacece: cece ec 50.00 
elas © VOMBEOSE santana scale ics 50.00 
HENS LATICO) Satine acl ateaciae oe 50.00 
Geor Barblopkins' #4 -ec occa 50.00 
OliversG. Jennings ~...-.:::.-.. 50.00 
Jo 12 Mloseeeios With Gon csacasdeune 50.00 
DD avr iey di ge spe ook cise cee are tee 50.00 
Wint Church Osborn 2.0... .. 50.00 
WARES COG Mc oerrcs c er eetesaiake 50.00 
Miscellaneous: ace hes veces. 180.00 $4,230.00 
Receipts at Park: 
INGIUESONG: S556 s0bacdoeub ee sone 9,446.40 
QB ine Gti rae ai por ctaeae avanc ssaveieievne 31.05 
TRYG TATE Baas le eect SIR ote re eee 154.99 
Miuscellanecousmscem tice 147.49 
SalevofeAmimallsis a. ese elects 1,561.50 
Rocking Stone Restaurant ...... 700.00 
RrivileserAccount ..5.-.2csnso0< 9,300,00 21,341.43 
$26,806.76 
EXPENDITURES. 
Purchase of Animals: 
Mreatrrnall Seugecse sien everest ck ar $9,391.95 
Bind Shee cr ct cee ae en Seen 2,326.58 
Rieptilesteameetecur ernie ce 890.91 $12,600.44 
Express and other charges...... 762.77 
Traveling and other expenses.... 305.80 $13,678.01 
Cashabalances: December i.e 1606s hen scece cee ieee 13,218.75 
$26,806.76 


H. R. MitcHeE Lt, 
Chief Clerk. 


January I, 1900. 


Percy R. Pyne, 
Treasurer. 


48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


#HMlaintenance und. 


RECEIPTS. 


Received from the City account Maintenance 
Appropriation of $154,627.00 for the year.... $134,591.27 
Balance due from the City account of Main- 


EOTAMCES coher ee erie ciara La ere eRe 20,035.73 $154,627.00 
EXPENDITURES. 
Officessupplies ands printines. 0. -. see ee eee esieee $653.84 
Awningshand shad esheesriceenrer cmc emcee sce 290.70 
Wnittonmnsmandebadcesmess epee reer eee ete 1,037.50 
RED ALES ere sce eae Tae Dericc  en CEEICE e 825.08 
Electricals supplieswrncme ee aan heme cnet 78.47 
Postagenanditelesrap niger csc cece reece cain 391.30 
Hood @iogganimal sees eee em rrr ce rier 29,405.04 
geranrace iti. Sorin OID CIOs mee aa Ree ac 154.73 
Fr eee alk, cee aN ET Aes es chee heen CE 7,979.05 
Medical attendancessanimals S=...- sec eet cen 360.00 
Drugseandemedicines saat eee ee. 198.10 
Surgical: instruments and appliances 2..-..-..--- 3.10 
Sand yand cements Pier ner eee ee mer: 718.30 
Generale admimstratione = see ae oe ne eee 15,715.69 
Maintenance of buildings and care of collections.. 43,819.18 
Miaimtenance: and care ok eroundS...25s. anne 43,703.18 
Rubbershoseiaaw acer oe eee ee eens 134.38 
Glassand glaziers suppliesimecaciencss seco eee 90.55 
Stablescstpplies andsinepainsenen cas oes ona 92.20 
Moolssandshandwareser en sears 1,732.40 
Miscellancousesupplics ran ence eee 236.73 
INGInSenve Supplies: osm) s hese hole ore 71.45 
Electnenliohtino yey recmeerrecortr ort cern 705.84 
Office furniture and fixtures’ 45.02 6220-42...555< 284.19 
Plumbineesupplicsmerm aoe eenee 459.79 
Hngimecningpesuppliess |r saree ieee cence 40.30 
Baintseandvoilse trees eco eer ee 1,462.51 
Janitorse Supp lieswraate cee secre a eee ie 430.10 
Hreight-andmexpressu cei ene eee 668.63 
Nursety, stock wands seeds: cc ian nace te 103.38 
Sanitation: abyss cea eee nee 670.43 
Isumbereensr sect eet ee Oe nie oer 1,151.95 
Telephone service and itolls, 325. -.5- see 2 ee 616.77 
Matssand loot coverings). asec aes eee 50.33 
Hencinosandsnettingeeee reas ence 124.08 
Stonssandelabels =< tttas. cts eee ee 98.33 
Medical attendance, employees ....:............ 58.00 $154,627.00 
H. R. MitTcHELL, Percy R. Pyne, 
Chief Clerk. Treasurer. 


January 18, 1900. 


Premium on bonds to December 31, 


Carried forward 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL 


REPORT 


Ground Jmprovement Fund. 


SHOWING STATUS OF 


RECEIPTS. 


ANE yey til, SICo%, eo onan ede epoon obo enoO Ae 
Available, May, 1905 
Available, May, 1906 


Available, May, 1907 


EXPENDITURES. 


Through Park Department: 


Contract, Conrad Hewitt, Pheasants’ Aviary. 
Contract, Geo. L. Walker Co., glass court Bird 
TOUS Cerra et vi eo cks coerce Sonne 
Contract, J. V. Schafer, Jr., Co., Baird Court 
Contract, Guidone & Galardi, two toilet bldgs. 
Contract, Peter Kiernan, Camel House 
Contract, Wright & Son, feed barn .... 
Contract, J. J. Buckley, Public Comfort Bldg. 
Contract, Guidone & Galardi, Small Deer 
ETO UIs Conese re ect aevolnss oie ticistos oe era ielaye Fie 
Contract, W. Horne & Co., West Farms En- 
trance Pavilion 
Contract, Granite steps near Bear Dens ..... 
Contract, J. P. Kane, cement 
Contract, Brown & Fleming, broken stone.... 
Contract, August Bans, sewer pipe 
Contract, D. E. Kennedy, installing electric 
conduit 
Contract, Leslie McHarg & Co., 
Aiital (EVAN GRINS a5 no deen oeeeaen Soeene 
Contract, Guidone & Galardi, Boat House .. 
Contract, J. V. Schaefer, Jr., Concourse ent. 
Contract, J. V. Schaefer, Jr., Concourse and 
West Approach to Baird Court 
Contract, Wm. Whisten Co., Public Com. 
Bialcine pens oe aerated era eeeea ch ve claves 
Contract, John H. Devlin, part of judgment 
on contract dated September 4, 1902, for 
improving existing roads 
Contract, F. T. Nesbit Co., Elephant House. 
Contract, Kelly & Kelly, Inc., Soda Pavilion 
Contract, J. B. Malatesta, Concourse sidewalks 
Contract, J. V. Schaefer, Jr., Admin. Bldg... 
Contract, McHarg-Barton Co., Ele. Yd. fences 
Miscellaneous expenditures through Park 
Wepaigtiaeiiteh wee mca aeratvss sees ener 


terrace wall 


APPROPRIATION 


No. 4. 


Unexpended balance of appropriation No. 3 brought forward. . 
Appropriations by Board of Estimate and Apportionment : 


$275,000.00 
275,000.00 
250,000.00 
100,000.00 


$19,546.00 


24,199.00 
67,000.00 
8,385.00 
2,800.00 
15,316.00 
5,000.00 


41,543.00 


5,008.00 
1,509.00 
993-75 
7437-50 
333-72 


1,999.00 


4,770.00 
34,235.00 
22,108.00 


39,407.54 


16,999.00 


710.00 
149,975.00 
7,079.00 
13,609.00 
73,328.00 
13,700.00 


11,992.01 


49 


$4,106.42 


900.000.00 
17,300.92 


$921,413.34 


50 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Brought: tonwardc.cn e445 ees eee oe ae $590,332.52 


By the Zoological Society: 
Improvements West Approach to Baird Court $1,306.92 


Retreshmentepavilionen.- cee e oe ree 87.50 
Storagevshedt ean con corse eee acrers 491.69 
Mountain. Goatelnclosune ese eo 1,498.23 
Pheasants eAwvidny cee ee eoeee ce terrae rare 
Reconstmuctions of walks) aceeee eae ees 17,075.72 
Forestrycand planting, -o. iss eee ea 56,153.97 
Guard@arallsu eset meee ee ee eee 7,008.74 
Ostrich and Mammal House walks and yards 1,757.30 
Miscellaneous ground improvement items... 25,715.28 
Bilectrictcondtiite sae ce eer ere ee eee 1,680.98 
Baird Court boundary and concourse ........ 9,707.07 
Small Deer House walks and yards ......... 16,808.44 
Northsendvore: Baird @ourttes . sees 9,913.74 
Improvements north of Lake Agassiz ....... 6,276.99 
New: nwa ics em cet ees ease crear ee ie Or ne 20,470.09 
Southerntboundany tence: +4522. <4. oe see 5,060.12 
[sionsElousesLool ae ce eee eee reereeee 1,400.00 
Public Comfort Station east of Bronx River.. 2,033.56 
Bid: HLOMSChs sake hives Se teteemiers oe Erne: 3,043.45 
Sea shione BOolgemans cote eon eerie 2,655.64 
Buffalo Range grading and seeding ........ 2,303.14 
Improvements east of Bronx River ........ 1,481.04 
Excavating Wake sAcCassiz, sje ancl aye crea ine 2,615.60 
Grading Elk Range and filling pond ........ 2,573-93 
ontoise sands eaeaactae ee ee eee 1,461.08 
Beavers kondmpipe: linear aos eecee aaa 2,316.73 
MaraleD eer Shelter: ..ce mass sa aero eee 204.23 
Moving Buffalo House and Corrals ........ 5,918.56 
New: /ShOpS” s5.5. nosh scerctoats reece oe ree 1,053.12 
Wrestern Rance! fences mseecne eee ee 6,811.30 
Subwaynentranceplazdurme serie ere 11,749.66 
Restatinantestepsit ans. occas Sate ee 1,204.11 
leandscape: architecttines ener acter eee 7,788,18 
Boston Road Public Comfort Station ...... So) ne 4Osens 
Heed barntyard and uwalll ec. ce. ese tee 9,114.47 
Camel House yardsiand ences ane een 1,630.53 
SmalllioDeersHouse vaericeee oe oe ee 3,791.50 
BOatelouse ga eco farce oe eerie 5,253.12 
Blood gatesinn snc eee oa ea eer 1,055.04 
Servicesroadvextensiony saiacs sete cree 2,760.08 
Wiest Harmseblock eerste ere aa eee 10,208.44 
Waterline to, bear Dense. ee oe oe ee 1,163.33 
Antelope’ shelters #.).2s0un selene eee 1,617.44 
Concoursesentrances s.r eee 718.24 
Elephant House walks and yards ........... 0,536.37 
Elephantelouses cence ee eee Oe 7,586.25 
Subwaysentrancesse- neces eee eee 535.00 
Bike Vardse ey sensei a teanie ae eae eee 3,706.30 
Zebra and Wild Horse installation ......... 1,482.80 
Reconstruction’ of (Crematory... 0 ane 1,067.56 
Shelter, Bronxdale: Kanding, 2 ...27--. ease: 143.53 304,798.68 


Carnieduitorwardies onic eee ee eee $895,131.20 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 51 


ISRO AKOSAW Eels Be arg aaa cr cao Perce ae ee tnOr $895,131.20 
By the Zoological Society through Park Department: 
Concoursementrancet: sense oe sacl ciaeeie soe $442.16 
HATE MM anitep el OUSEs sao oye erfare emer ds lance ciesneys ets 7,521.82 
Stora mem One Umi ciserce rcs cela hares © cies ah 271.79 
iHorestiy and elanting! i... ceo eee ec on 450.60 
Soca eavdlhioneyaccc nc nae cs heer ee Ose ake 1,177.10 
Balectrice COnduitw eae, cere acy. ee sie aca 174.76 
Improvements west of Baird Court ........... 410.05 
Boston Road Public Comfort Station ....... 237.49 
IEandscape; architecture «5.2 sccm. ae es eens 633-17 
Elephant House walks and yards ........... 1,758.62 
Bronxdale eandine: qys.0hascccsus cence dees 4 27 75, 
Concourse and Baird Court approach ....... 515.50 
INEConstnuction OLawalkS’ 2s cee... os.e eee on 376.2 
Administration /Building. 2. 4.0s15:- ses - 2 1,833.20 
Nie wan walksite ie secs rosie casio cine Bere cide 355-79 
Miscellaneous ground improvements ........ 148.2 
Boston Road and Pelham Avenue boundary 
TISTALS eC hel GGA SERD. SS AO ORIG EE ICDS GA Dean 684.50 17,024.86 
Balance available, December 31, 1908 ............ 9,257.28 
$921,413.34 
H. R. MircHeLt, Percy R. Pyne, 
Chief Clerk. Treasurer. 


January I, 1900. 


SHOWING STATUS OF APPROPRIATION NO. 5 


Appropriation by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment: 
AteailableritlyselOOs ee an cies Sele Fee nen ee $65,000.00 


NO EXPENDITURES 


Balance available for expenditure, December 31, 1908........ $65,000.00 
H. R. MitTcHeE Lt, Percy R. Pyne, 
Chief Clerk. Treasurer. 


January I, 19090. 


52 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Aquarium Jmprovement Fund. 


RECEIPTS. 


Balance available, Report 1907 as corrected .........-.------- $806.40 


| 
. 


EXPENDITURES. 


Through Park Department; 
Barney & Chapman, commissions .......... $164.83 
Wead-lined® Pipe \Cosevalvies) eects erie cee 150.00 
John Spence, increase on contract for install- 


ingslead-linedupipesscaece ee cr ri 50.00 364.83 
Balance available for expenditure .............. 441.57 


$806.40 


Ji ODELL: 
Chief Bookkeeper, Dept. of Parks. 
January I, 1909. 


Aquarium Fund. 


Received from New York City on account of Aquarium Appro- 


PLOPLIALION SLOT LOOSN =e crete esers i cpseae al aie dre err $45,000.00 
EXPENDITURES. 
EEK iE WUOSM an Se or samo Unde CMON SAN AuDEaosee $29,872.21 
Coat re eae ee ey Seer eae eee Re pn tocche 5,790.67 
Telepltone Pena ese ere ee Oa ees 129.80 
AlterationSeand= repairs: cy.aceciomoc metrics occ 2,512.54 
Generale suppliesherecase eerie eee eins = er = 1,200.41 
Bishttoode 25 ese acne eh eae Ole Ses 1,083.08 
iver SPeCineNns feces see ern ee ee orate 1,890.39 
IincidentalmexpenSesieyscirr arise eer eerie 225.00 
Blectricglichti mm ccerce seer akerriciae ee 126.99 
Aces tor teed= room: ervey econ a ea enero 58.16 
Stationery. and sbOOKSs csr cee eiseit nt tee 144.2 
LWprbbiosas 1 Ce nre eM myo pemorc Ue cian cacioothrorramoole 260.50 
Aoi abi Nhht ERE EE Te Abacos Somer eos CeO Deo L 90.00 
Gartace offishes and (cans. je).2).. tae eee tals 364.23 
Gartame Ob debris eer cree rat eie sie oie ta eee arco 43.00 44,157.2 
Balance tinexpendeds F208: Sacseereieeetseris coe eee 842.73 
$45,000.00 
E. R. SAMPSON, 
January I, 1909. Disbursing Clerk. 


Note—Unexpended balance reserved for the payment of 1908 gas bills. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT bi 


-~ 


Stokes Bird Fund. 


IBsaelonadnGrahy AR bbets Mea ero yee FERRETTI OE CRERE IASC ERO eee ee $3,000.00 
Accumulated income unexpended January I, 1908 ............ 403.44 
RECEIPTS. 

RTIneheSterOlMeNGdOWIMeNnt ase jacisone eee Sect cece ste Save 165.25 


$3,568.69 


ROGEPROLECHONUO Le DIR I1f@uencier ss eve adtepeti nae caine cis sivas ee 40.00 
Balancesavailable: for vexpenditure <2 n..s cs - dees - sss cise se 519.11 
Invested in Illinois Central Ry. Four per cent. Gold Bonds. . 3,009.58 
$3,568.69 
H. R. MitcHELL, Percy R. Pyne, 
Chief Clerk. Treasurer. 


January I, 1909. 
New York, N. Y., March 31, 1909. 


To the President and Board of Managers of the New York 
Zoological Society: 


The undersigned, who were appointed the Auditing Committee 
of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending Decem- 
ber 31, 1909, hereby report that they have examined the special 
audit of the books and accounts of the New York Zoological So- 
ciety for the year ending December 31, 1908, made by the Audit 
Company of New York, and find that the report sets forth clearly 
the expenditures and receipts of the various accounts, and that 
all the accounts of the Society have been verified, except ex- 
penditures shown on Exhibit “E,” of the Audit Company's report, 
covering the ground improvement fund, which expenditures were 
made through the Park Department, the moneys not passing 
through the hands of the Society. These expenditures, we under- 
stand, are checked by the Comptroller, and are not verified by 
this audit. 

Respectfully submitted, 


( Signed.) HucuH D, AUCHINCLOss, 
Chairman. 
(Signed. ) C. Lepyarp Barr, 


(Signed. ) W.. W. NILEs. 


Auditing Committec. 


5A NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


THE AUDIT COMPANY OF NEW YORK, 
43 Cedar Street: 


We certify that the foregoing statements showing the condi- 
tion of the various funds of the New York Zoological Society 
on December 31, 1908, are true exhibits of the accounts. 

The items comprising the expenditures of $590,332.52 and 
$17,024.86 on Ground Improvement Fund, Number 4, were dis- 
bursed by the Park Department. As this money did not pass 
through the books of the Society, the items have not been veri- 


fied by us. 
THE AupIT COMPANY OF NEw York, 


(Signed. ) E. F. Perrine, President, 
(Signed. ) F. C. RicHarpson, Secretary. 


New York, March 8, 19009. 


HARPY EAGLE 


REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 


OF THE 


ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 


N THE Zoological Park the most noteworthy occurrences of 

the year 1g08 were the completion and opening of the Ele- 
phant House, the beginning of the work on the Administration 
Building, the completion of the Concourse [Entrance and Ap- 
proach, the increase of our living vertebrates by more than 500 
individuals, and the systematic campaign against rubbish on the 
walks. 

ATTENDANCE. 


Notwithstanding the “hard times” of 1908, and the immense 
body of men out of employment during practically the whole 
of the year, the attendance of visitors at the Park increased 
by 137,698 persons. It is the opinion of some of the officers of 
the Park that at least a portion of this very large increase was 
due to “the rubbish war,” through which careless and disorderly 
persons were brought to book, and made either to obey the rules 
of good order or go elsewhere, while at the same time the Park 
was made more acceptable to those who love cleanliness and 
good order in public parks. 

The full monthly record of attendance for the year is as fol- 
lows: 


1907 1908 Increase. 
aires ce sched 39,469 42,356 2,887 
CME ITAT a Ga tte se ete eke ee 27,580 37,804 10,224 
WWiecsins titers 05 5 5:6) ped eat tacit 67,258 77,841 10,583 
JA SSIS eae Realy Behar Ae oe cere ira 90,551 118,384 27,833 
| UISS Ce Car eae ee eae aed ee ea 161,486 182,192 20,706 
Jie ae eens 168,034 187,656 19,622 
ethane Ie. sneer 187,875 159,797 ere: 
PM eS ieery pe Shel eee ack eee Ve 190,053 190,813 160 
SeplLetmwela ews tei a qaiiee len 126,520 153,007 26,487 
Wie NGi rare. Sidi we oe 90,713 120,952 30,239 
Wowcimbetr es S408 eee 65,179 91,042 26,463 


WemcinWehe ma ty. erat ne he: 60,72 51,297 


Motaltior the: year... 1,276,041 1,413,739 137,698 


5S NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
THE ELEPHANT HOUSE. 


In such an institution as the Zoological Park the completion of 
the largest and finest building of an entire series is necessarily an 
important event. The elephants, rhinoceroses and hippopotami 
are so very large, so powerful and so valuable that their proper 
housing demands the maximum effort in zoological construction. 
Our new Elephant House is not only our largest and finest animal 
building, but it also represents our ideas of perfection in such 
structures. It has not been designed to contain a large number 
of duplicate pachyderms, but rather to house a collection of the 
first magnitude, and zoologically as nearly complete as such collec- 
tions can well be made. 

We believe that this building represents high-water mark in 
zoological building construction. It is spacious, well lighted. 
beautiful in its lines, both externally and internally, beautifully 
ornamented without being overdone, and yet wholly free from 
useless extravagance. The interior lighting and cage “effects” 
are highly satisfactory, the light upon the animals being quite 
sufficient, without being too strong and glaring. It is clearly 
evident that the animals enjoy their cages; for were it otherwise, 
the Indian rhinoceros would not, almost daily, gallop round and 
round, and with ponderous agility often leap into the air. 

In our ever continuous effort to give each of our captive ani- 
mals an option on several different conditions of light, heat and 
seclusion, we introduced low down in a side wall of each of the 
large cages, two large registers for the delivery of currents of 
warm air. The arrangement has added greatly to the personal 
comfort of the animals. If the general temperature of the build- 
ing is a little too low to suit the comfort of an elephant or rhinoc- 
eros, the animal at once seeks the currents of warm air issuing 
from the registers. By means of these warm-air registers it is 
possible to keep the general temperature of the building at a 
somewhat lower point than would otherwise be safe. 

The construction of the yards and fences surrounding the 
Elephant House began immediately after the erection of the build- 
ing had progressed far enough to permit the ground to be cleared 
of building materials. The work has been vigorously prosecuted 
at all points, and on January I, 1909, was so well advanced that 
its completion is assured well in advance of weather warm enough 
to make it possibe to use them. This work will be referred to 
later on in this report. 

The only complaint that thus far has reached the Director 
regarding the use of the Elephant House is of a very novel 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 59 


nature. The keepers state that on the days when the Park is 
visited by a large number of visitors many of those who visit 
the Elephant House remain altogether too long, and can not be 
induced to go elsewhere. Naturally, the result is serious conges- 
tion in the space available to visitors. It is hoped that after 
about two million persons have seen the Elephant House and its 
animals, the congestion there will not be quite so serious as it 
now is on Saturdays and Sundays. 


REMOVAL OF ANIMALS TO THE ELEPHANT HOUSE. 


The removal of a large collection of very valuable elephants, 
rhinoceroses and hippopotami over a distance of half a mile is 
necessarily an undertaking attended with some difficulty. The 
transfer from the Antelope House of the grand series of animals 
now filling the Elephant House was accomplished with only one 
item of serious difficulty. For fully a week the hippopotamus 
played an interesting game with his keepers, while they en- 
deavored to entrap him in his crate by strategy alone. Finally 
that effort had to be abandoned as unavailing. A chute of a 
peculiar design was constructed, and when the time came to put 
it into operation, “Pete,” the hippopotamus, was safely forced 
into his crate in twelve minutes. 

The only real difficulty in the whole transfer of large animals 
was occasioned by “Luna,” or “Alice,” the unruly female Indian 
elephant that once took possession of the Reptile House. True 
to her newly acquired reputation for obstinacy, and unparalleled 
contrariness of mind, she strenuously objected to being led away 
from the Antelope House, and insisted upon breaking back to 
that structure. Fortunately, however, our newly acquired knowl- 
edge of her disposition enabled us to forestall all her efforts to 
have her own way. When she made her final stand at the 
Pheasants’ Aviary, refusing to take even one more step forward, 
thirty Park laborers were called to haul on a long rope that pre- 
viously had been attached to the front feet of “Luna,” in antici- 
pation of that event. By means of this rope, and amid general 
hilarity over the conquering of a mean elephant in that harm- 
less fashion, “Luna” was dragged, yard by yard, all the remain- 
ing distance to the door of her stall in the Elephant House, and 
she then consented to walk up the runway and into her place. 


THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST RUBBISH ON WALKS. 


One of the most important features of the year’s work was 
our systematic campaign to break up the habit of the lawless and 


‘ASQOOH LNVHda TH AHL NI AOVO SOWVLOdOddIH 


THIRTEENTH ANNEAL REPORT (1 


disorderly in throwing waste paper, luncheon refuse and paper 
boxes on our walks and lawns. A full account of this effort and 
its results will be found in the Zoological Society Bulletin, No. 
31, for October, 1908. 


DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS. 


William T. Hornaday, Curator; Raymond L. Ditmars, Assistant Curator. 


The close of 1908 finds the collections of mammals on a basis 
that, to say the least, is generally satisfactory. The completion 
and occupancy of the Elephant House on time, at the beginning 
of winter, was to the curators and keepers concerned a source of 
profound relief. Had the new building been delayed, the troubles 
with the ‘“pachyderms” in the Antelope House would have been 
quite serious. 

With the removal of the Elephant House collection, the Ante- 
lope House once more came back to its own. The whole in- 
terior was promptly painted and put in good condition, and then 
the scattered antelopes, that had been crowded out of their own 
special quarters, were quickly brought together by Mr. Ditmars 
and the force of mammal keepers working under his direction. 
At last we have the pleasure of seeing the Antelope House 
chiefly—but not wholly—devoted to the splendid series of African 
and Asiatic animals for which it was designed. The exceptional 
occupants are the three species of zebra and the Persian wild 
ass, all of which must perforce remain where they are, usurping 
space not belonging to them, until we have erected a Zebra House. 
as planned. That very necessary building we must have at no 
distant day. 

The Small-Deer House continues to render most excellent 
service, and it contains a very valuable and interesting collection. 
The markhors, the Persian ibex and mouflon, which can not 
survive the winters of New York City in the open air, are regu- 
larly quartered in this building every winter. 

In the spring of 1908 the Director awoke to a realization of 
the fact that many gaps had been made by deaths in the collec- 
tions of smaller mammals, which had not been filled. This was 
due to the heavy expenditures necessary in the purchase of the 
very costly rhinoceroses, elephants and other animals required 
for the Elephant House. There being no funds in the Animal 
Account, an appeal was made to the Life Members of the Society, 
practically limited to them because members of the other classes 
had recently subscribed considerable sums for other special pur- 
poses. A call was made for $4,000 in response to which the 


62 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


following persons generously and promptly subscribed a total of 
$4,005. 


Charles Hue Senticce aes $1,000 Andrew Carnegie ..-..- $500 
Nelson Robinson ...... 500 Robert S. Brewster\.... 500 
Edward S. Harkness... 500 G: S) Bowdom 57-2. 200 
Henry Phipps’ 2. 2:1... noo. JameseB Borda yaar 100 
ZLenassC haner er ery. eye £0) (George DS iiatte eee 50 
les @ Vion Ostia. are- 50 George B. Hopkins ...- 50 
@liver*G, Jennings 3.2. 50 9 )) 2h Morgana) seer 50 
David glividic wena ae BO: Wa Ru-Coe, 3.52 sme tcene 50 
William Church Osborn 50 Samuel P.Avety 2222 - 25 
Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson 25 lloyd Phoenix: on acer 25 
Johny Eierreponte. ser 25 Mrs. William Nichols .. 25 
Dr Ie Welaupteee asec. TO) Rha Rs ounsbeny mn ee TO 
SPM o MIs seine \iee 6 cies 6 ae IO: 


With this fund the following animals were immediately pur- 
chased and added to the collections : 


3 Alpine Ibex, breeding adults. 1 Polar Bear. 

1 Chimpanzee. I Orang-utan. 

1 Malay Tapir. t Hamadryas Baboon. 

2 South African Ostriches. 2 Dingoes. 

1 Binturong. 2 Prong-Horned Antelopes. 
t South American Wild Dog. 1 Black Ape. 

2 Wanderoo Monkeys. 4 Marmosets. 

1 Black-Footed Ferret. 6 Black and Fox Squirrels. 
1 Mexican Red Squirrel. 3 Beavers. 

2 Otters. 1 Stone Marten. 

4. European Red Foxes. 5 Hedgehogs. 

2 -NoewWecr 1 European Squirrel. 

3 Canada Porcupines. t Humboldt Woolly Monkey. 


6 Coypu Rats. 


A fine adult male Grevy zebra was acquired in exchange from 
J. N. Ruffin. 

Other than the above, the most important animals received by 
gift during 1908 were the following: 

Two Somali lion cubs, captured and presented by Mr. and Mrs. 
Armar D. Saunderson; One kiang, or Thibetan wild ass, adult 
male, gift of the Duke of Bedford*; 1 Alaskan black bear, gift of 
Rex Beach and Fred A Stone; 1 adult male white-tailed deer, gift 


*Unfortunately this valuable animal so strongly resented confinement in 
a shipping crate that on board ship it kicked almost incessantly from the 
time it was placed on board ship, and as a result it died shortly before 
the steamer reached New York. Another specimen has been presented to 
take its place. 


| 
| 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 63 


of Captain H. Blake; 1 golden baboon, from Mrs. A. K. Dale; 1 
dusky Langur monkey, from Captain Hayward, S. S. ‘Clan Mac- 
donald” ; 1 Mexican gray fox, from Maurice O’Connor; a spider 
monkey from Carlos FE. Ostrander; a golden agouti, from H. Mel- 
chert; a South American fox, from Captain Siegfried Krause, S. 
S. “Prinz Eitel Friedrich”; a margay cat, from Mr. Richard J. E. 
Hulse; a pure albino coyote, from Leslie T. Carter; an ocelot 
from Alfred Kaegebehn; a margay cat, from Mrs. L. W. Groat; 
and a white-tailed deer, from Simeon Bb. Chittenden. 


/ . “ 
\ dole ere ti : > - 


ay. Vda 


COLLARED PECCARY AND YOUNG. 


BIRTHS IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK. 


The births in the mammal collections were more numerous and 
important than ever before. The most exciting event of this kind 
was the birth here, on May 20, 1908, of the first white mountain 
goat ever bred or born in captivity. Its mother was one of a 
band of goats born in southeastern British Columbia in May, 
1905, and brought here in October of that year. The herd con- 
tained three males and two females. All of them matured suc- 
cessfully. The period of gestation proved to be four days less 
than six months. Two days after birth the kid stood 13% inches 


64 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


high at the shoulders and weighed 714 pounds. The kid, which 
is a male, has thriven continuously, and now is a strong, lusty 
specimen. The mother, however, gave her life to her offspring. 
After nursing her young most successfully to weaning time, the 
heavy drain upon her vitality sapped her strength so completely 
that she died in October. 

Another rare and noteworthy birth was that of a Beatrix an- 
telope. The offspring lived and throve for three months, then by 
accident broke one of its fore legs beyond all possibility of re- 
pair, and required to be chloroformed. 


IMPORTANT BIRTHS IN 1908. 


2 Japanese Red-Faced Mon- 5 Fallow Deer: 3¢' 29. 
keys. Be Hlds Deen70: 

1 Campbell’s Guenon. 2 Malay Sambar Deer: 7. 

7 lke Ag 29: 1 Mule Deer: J. 

Bo AsrisiWeer=-2 glen I Virginia Deer: 9. 

3 Indian Sambar Deer: 9. 2) Hog Weer ae 

ApRedpDeer 6 American Bison: 5¢ 19. 

2 Barasingha Deer: ¢ 9. t Mouflon: ¢. 

4, Sitka Deer 224029. 1 Angora Goat: 9. 

i Bactrian Camels S- 1 Beatrix Antelope: J. 

Tadhalnte: Lapin e: 

1 Rocky Mountain Goat: 2. 1 Common Macaque. 

2 Persian Wild Goats: 9. Timber Wolves. 

2 Indian Antelope: 9. Rock Wallaby. 


WO HN 


Six-Banded Armadillos. 


al 


RecGar yd: 
GENERAL HEALTH OF THE MAMMALS. 


The general health of the mammals is excellent. The death- 
rate is very low, and the appearance of the animals speaks for 
their condition. Our most serious troubles with them have been 
due to their excess of vigor and general pugnacity. 

Again the list of deaths of important animals is very small. 
It includes I mountain goat, 1 Baker roan antelope, I immature 
American bison and 1 aged cow, I chimpanzee (new purchase), 
1 black leopard (by accident), and 2 sea-lions. 


——E—————————————— eC 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 65 


The full list of the mammals living in the Park on January 1, 
1909, is as follows: 


Species Specimens. 

J TWA) eC pee Gaur eae ee ene ee eee 32 gl 
aROINGOU AM ieee ne Oe 4 Di sintt co 2 15,5. 68 146 
| E/Sratiat O01 eile ae Oey Sey ogee ne I 2 
MET SEG DIV Ol teat Gets kl sere rasviole Ble tere ase I 3 
IRGLG EIB Ee ne Roentgen Re 35 171 
[LITERS a Ane RR ee So ea Ai 251 
Mee GS IE ANT Ay eile ents) edicts see Rass ess a 7. 12 
| ELCOIGS aT RR pee poe ees eens Lae a 2 6 

MOEA Pena ors le Res cbt led be hes 217, 682 

Gain over January I, 1908, 29 species; 75 specimens. 


DEPARTMENTS OF BIRDS. 
C. William Beebe, Curator; Samuel Stacey, First Keeper. 


In spite of the fact that no new installations for birds have 
been provided during 1908, the collections have steadily in- 
creased, both in species and specimens. This has been accom- 
plished by a careful concentration of birds in the large flight 
cages. The present number of specimens in the collection is 
probably as great as it is possible or wise to reach, with the 
present accommodations, as any undue crowding is certain to be 
followed by ill health and constant danger from epidemics. The 
death-rate has continued to be very low, and in every way the 
past year may be considered a most satisfactory one for the de- 
partment of birds. 

The two most important accessions to the collection during 
the year were of South American and of Mexican birds. The 
former were obtained as the gift of the Curator and Mr. Eugene 
André, of Trinidad, and were the direct result of a private ex- 
pedition made by the Curator in March and April to Trinidad, 
and the delta coast of Venezuela.* The especial thanks of the 
Society are due to Mr. André for his kindness and interest. 
As a result of the Curator’s trip, over a hundred specimens, in- 
cluding sixteen species new to the collection, were obtained. 
Among others were such interesting birds as the sun-bitterns, 
scarlet ibis, kiss-ka-dee, tyrant birds, white-faced tree-ducks, 


“*See Z. S. Bulletin No. 30. pages 442-444. 


66 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL "SOCIETY 


macavuanna macaw, lesser yellow-headed blackbirds, and salta- 
tor and blue tanagers. 

The second acquisition of note was a large lot of birds ac- 
quired by direct importation from Mexico. The names of tree- 
partridges, anis, motmot, green kingfishers, golden-fronted wood- 
peckers, limpkin, phainopeplas, ptilogonys, and yellow-crowned 
night heron, will show what interesting birds are included in this 
lot. A number of these, indeed, are species which have never be- 
fore been kept in captivity, and the study of their habits is yield- 
ing facts of great popular and scientific interest. 

Among other birds obtained during the year, a number are 
well worthy of especial mention here. The most important were 
the one-wattled cassowary, North African ostrich, white rhea, 
giant whydah, golden oriole, Lawrence warbler, Douglas quail, 
trumpeter, bell-bird, guira cuckoo, chopi, boat-tail and aztec jay. 

While the collection as a whole contains birds representative 
of every country in the world, yet the splendid avifauna of our 
own hemisphere is becoming dominant, and rightly so, for of 
many of these birds but little is known, and both in showy ap- 
pearance and interesting ways they are of prime importance. 

A good-sized flock of turkey and black vultures has been se- 
cured, and the experiment of acclimatizing these birds will soon 
be under way. 

Every available moment which could be spared from routine 
work and supervision of the management of the department, has 
been devoted by the Curator to scientific work. Zoologica, No. 2, 
is almost ready for the press, and will be entitled,“A Contribution 
to the Ornithology of the Eastern Coast of Venezuela.” 

An abstract of the Curator’s reasearches in color changes was 
published in the American Naturalist for January, 1908, under 
the heading of “A Preliminary Report on an Investigation of the 
Seasonable Changes of Color in Birds.” 

A forty-thousand-word manuscript has been made ready for 
the printer, dealing with the general treatment of birds in cap- 
tivity, and embracing a digest of the knowledge gained during 
the care of our bird collections during the past ten years. This 
will appear in the volume soon to be published by the Society on 
the care of animals in captivity. 

A special subscription of $250, from Mrs. Frank K. Sturgis, 
to be devoted to experimental research, has been of the greatest 
assistance to Mr. Beebe. 

In addition to the investigation of the meaning and cause of 
color, researches in structural comparative anatomy and embry- 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 67 


ology are now being undertaken, with the ultimate object of 
throwing light on the evolution of birds. A large amount of 
material on these subjects, with illustrations, is being collected 
for future publication by the Society. Many of the tropical 
birds in the collection have never been examined in the flesh, 
and the disposition of dead specimens is being given careful 
thought. All the more common species are sent to the officers 
of public schools, where they are skinned and mounted, and are 
of permanent value in instruction. The rarer specimens are all 
sent to museums, or are preserved for the researches of the 
Curator. 

The collection of living birds is now the largest in the world 
in actual number of specimens, and third in number of species. 
It is the ambition of the Curator to make it one of the first also 
in the value of its contributions to scientific knowledge. 


SUMMARY OF LIVING BIRDS IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK 
ON DECEMBER 31, I907. 


Orders. Species. Specimens. 

Reiformes, Fe C aS see mca at re araltae eer: 2 2 
Struthioniformes, Q@siniches Be oe teas oho. 2 3 
Casuariformes, Emeus and Cassowaries.. 3 5 
Tinamiformes, inaimouse m. 46 es ate I 2 
Galliformes, Quail and Pheasants.... 60 196 
Columbiformes, Pigeons and Doves ..... 35 182 
Ralliformes, Coots and Gallinules.... 12 30 
Lariformes, Gullsvand »Ternsia...2.70- 9 33 
Charadriformes, Plovers and Sandpipers... 8 14 
Gruiformes, Cranes), Seriemals.s.>:.: II 24 
Ardeiformes, Ibises, Storks and Herons 14 30 
Palamedeiformes, DEHCALHE RSM eo slain Ac oen = I 2 
Phoenicopteriformes, FOAMS OCS. Fee Aeecrstpsis-s I I 
Anseriformes, Swans, Geese and Ducks. 41 442 
Pelecaniformes, Cormorants and Pelicans, 9 22 
Cathartidiformes, New World Vultures... 5 EZ. 
Accipitriformes, Hawks and Eagles; Old 

World Vultures...... 21 36 
Strigiformes, Owls. 4.234 Pepe ory 12 34 
Psittaciformes, Parrots, Macaws and 

Cockatoos ase. 45.5.05-04 51 132 
Coraciiformes, Kingfishers and Hornbills 4 5 
Trogones, ROS ONS Seis sts) Sas oe ote I I 
Coccyges, CECkOOS Pe aer ta nese 4 12 


68 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Orders. Species. Specimens. 
Scansores, WWOWUCANSH sa rast ons cuca eke 5 14 
Piciformes, Woodpeckets: 23-- 22... 3 8. 
Passeriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows, and 


all Perching Birds....248 1,362 


52 Orders) shen tate ere serene eater: ieee oe a 502... Zils 


DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES. 
Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator; Charles E. Snyder, First Keeper. 


A notable increase of both species and specimens is shown in 
the past year’s census of the Reptile House. Forty-eight more 
species were on exhibition at the close of 1908 than on the same 
date of the preceding year. The greatest increase among species 
has been with the lizards, a fine series of which has been placed 
on exhibition in special table cases, showing rare African and 
Australian species. 

Among the important species of serpents added during the 
year were large examples of the South American bushmaster 
and the fer-de-lance, both the gift of Mr. Edward Wheelock 
Runyan, of this city. A valuable series of Mexican snakes was 
collected by our special agent, Gustav Sabille. From Africa we 
received a fine example of the rare black python and a series of 
puff adders showing many color variations. Australia was repre- 
sented by typical examples of many deadly snakes of that con- 
tinent—the brown snake, and an innocuous species, the carpet 
snake, and a small python. Two large king cobras were pur- 
chased, and in addition to the large example that has been on 
exhibition over eight years, they form a striking group of these 
formidable reptiles. 

A novelty among the separate exhibits on the main floor of 
the building consists of a collection of Indian fishes. These were 
the gift of Mr. Otto Eggeling, of this city. Among them is a 
pair of climbing perch, a pair of guramis, and several extremely 
elongate catfish. The climbing perch are particularly interest- 
ing, as they can leave the water and crawl about on land by 
means of their peculiarly constructed ventral fins. This species 
is provided with water sacs connected with the gills, keeping those 
organs moist for some time while their owner is out of the water. 
The gurami is also an interesting fish, as it has a habit of build- , 
ing its nest of bubbles. It often breeds in captivity. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 69 


Owing to the addition of a number of species of snakes and 
lizards, it was often necessary to place several kinds together. 
Hence the system of labeling in the Reptile House is being 
rapidly changed. Hereafter picture labels will take the place of 
the plain ones, in order that the visitor may immediately iden- 
tify the various exhibits. From the time of the opening of the 
Park nine years ago, the public has continually evinced a keen 
interest in the exhibit of the Reptile House, and the attendants 
are called upon to answer a great number of queries. It has 
steadily been the custom to answer on the labels the questions 
most frequently repeated, and the descriptive matter in the building 
is very complete. 

The alligators incubated and hatched in the Reptile House 
nine years ago have continued their rapid growth. Observa- 
tions of these specimens have been of much value. While of 
considerable importance, the rate of growth of the American alli- 
gator does not seem to have received much attention except 
under conditions so far removed from the normal as to be of little 
value. Our studies demonstrate that alligator farming is quite 
practical. The eggs are easily incubated, and the young grow fast 
enough to be marketable for their hides within a period of five 
years. It was previously imagined that it would take anywhere 
from eighteen to twenty-five years for a specimen to grow large 
enough to possess a marketable hide. 

With the exception of one alligator over twelve feet long, and 
several large crocodiles, the alligator colony passed the summer 
in the rock pool outside of the building. All the crocodilians 
grew substantially. In the pools of the Reptile House they form 
an imposing display. The specimens hatched and reared in the 
Park are now about eight feet long, indicating a growth of about 
one foot per year. 

After an eccentric career in captivity, extending over eighteen 
months, our largest regal python, captured on the Malay Penin- 
sula, has commenced feeding of her own accord. Her first vol- 
untary meal in the Park consisted of a pig weighing about thirty- 
five pounds, which was offered when freshly killed. For four- 
teen months this snake was fed, at intervals of about ten days 
apart, with two fresh-killed Belgian hares, sewed together with 
heavy twine, then pushed ten feet down her throat with a bam- 
boo pole while the snake was held by twelve keepers. Between 
times she was offered everything known on the menu of a python, 
but stubbornly refused food. Although a great relief to the 
members of the Reptile House staff, the news of this big snake 


70 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOGIELRY 


feeding voluntarily may possibly be a disappointment to our vis- 
itors, owing to the novel spectacle on the days the python was 
forcibly fed. 

Two additional specimens of the regal python, each about 
twenty feet long, were purchased during the past year. 


CENSUS OF REPTILES, DECEMBER 3], 1908. 


(helomiay Zia een ee ee aacoeah 44 3c2 
Grocodiliamen es 2 .7ptea een. aout 3 62 
acertiliam sai saanssiecu: tec cae ee 39 241 
Ophidiar it: casein: secre weet ke oe Wha) 340 
Batra chiar yin yer sete are sto: 19 287 

Lotaliaterscecieenn eins: 182 1,282 


The total census of the Zoological Park collections on Decem- 
ber 31, 1908, is as follows: 


SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS. 


Species. Specimens. 
Miairimals#tts5 eas nae race eee PG 682 
BITS ieee poe hate ae ee ee 563 2,615 
Reptiles tases ate eee 182 1,282 
Bo talls seanen sone cwene re 962 4,579 
Increaseiover 190 7-46= 4. 97 545 


CONTRACT WORK IN GROUND IMPROVEMENTS. 


Conducted under the Direction of the Park Department for the Borough 
of The Bronx. Martin Schenck, Chief Engineer. 
W. P. Hennessy, Assistant Engineer. 


The Elephant House-—Work on the Elephant House was dili- 
gently prosecuted by the contractors, Messrs. F. T. Nesbit & 
Company, and on November 15 the building was turned over 
to the Society for occupancy. The structure is as nearly perfect 
as it was possible to make it. Externally it is very handsome, 
its interior is highly successful in every way; it is well lighted, 
easily heated and ventilated, and affords a spacious and com- 
fortable home for the animals that it contains. The work of the 
contractors has been very satisfactory, and the perfection of the 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 71 


finished work is largely due to the high character of the con- 
tractors’ superintendent, Mr. John C. Coffey. Mr. Coffey is now 
rendering similar service on the Administration Building. 

The total cost of this building is $165,546.25, and it is a very 
fine structure to have been obtained with that amount of money. 
It was occupied by its animals and opened to the public on No- 
vember 19, 1908. 


The Elephant House Yards—No modern elephant house is in 
any sense complete without a series of yards enclosed by heavy 
steel fences, in which the animals may enjoy exercise in the 
open air and sunlight. With the exception of the serpents and 
a few small monkeys, it has been the rule of the Zoological So- 
ciety that each animal in the Park should have a comfortable 
yard connecting with its in-door quarters. To provide play- 
grounds for adult elephants and rhinoceroses is a very serious 
task, and involves heavy expenditures. 

In addition to the heavy interior fences designed to keep the 
animals from the visitors, another strong steel fence, six feet 
outside it, is necessary to keep the visitors from the animals. It 
is necessary also that a complete series of gates should be pro- 
vided in order that wagons may drive through the yards, com- 
pletely around the building. 

The yards for elephants and rhinoceroses must be heavily paved 
with stone, or concrete, in order that they may easily be cleaned, 
and also in order that those heavy and powerful animals may not 
be able to dig up the surfaces of their enclosures. In view of the 
many difficulties involved in saving the valuable trees in the en- 
closures surrounding the Elephant House, it was imperativelv 
necessary that all work on the surfaces of the yards should be 
performed by laborers and foremen under our own immediate 
supervision. 

Steel Fences for Elephant Yards—During October, 1908, a 
contract for furnishing and erecting all fences and gates for the 
yards surrounding the Elephant House was let to McHarg-Bar- 
ton Company at $13,700. Work began promptly, was prosecuted 
vigorously, and completed within the contract time. The fences 
themselves, and the gates are of good materials and have been 
excellently made. As stated elsewhere, much trouble was ex- 
perienced with the sub-contractor on the concrete work and the 
setting of the posts. The setting of the posts in the changeable 
and inclement weather of December and January made a great 
deal of trouble for all concerned, but the hurry was necessary and 
unavoidable. 


NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


~] 
lo 


This contract was completed in March, 1909, and will thus 
enable the animals of the Elephant House to occupy their yards 
immediately upon the arrival of the warm weather. 

The Concourse Entrance, Concourse and Western Approach 
to Baird Court.—This important contract (which did not include 
the curbing and sidewalks of the Concourse and Approach) was 
let in October, 1906, to the John V. Schaefer, Jr., Company, at a 
cost of $58,379.50. It was completed in the summer of 1908. 

Walks and Curbing of Concourse and Approach.—For this 
work a contract was let in September, 1908, to John B. Malatesta, 
for the sum of $13,699.00. The work was satisfactorily com- 
pleted in November, 1908. 

New Soda Pavilion.—This structure was satisfactorily com- 
pleted in May, 1908, by Kelly & Kelly, at a total cost of $8,959.60, 
and immediately thereafter began to serve all its purposes. 

Public Comfort Station—This unfortunate structure was 
begun by J. J. Buckley in January, 1907, and finally was com- 
pleted by S. A. Whisten in February, 1g09. This is the contract 
that was begun prematurely by the first contractor, and had to 
be relet under very adverse conditions. The total cost of the 
building is $24,652.39. It is to be opened to the public in the 
spring of 19090. 


DEPARTMENT OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS AND OF 
GROUND IMPROVEMENTS. 


Herman W. Merkel, Chief Constructor and Forester; E. H. Costain, 
Assistant Forester and Captain-of-the-Watch. 


Forestry and Planting.—Owing to the large extent of plant- 
ings to be cared for, and the great number of buildings that 
regularly contain tropical plants, the amount of maintenance 
work necessary in this department is annually increasing. 

During the winter some very necessary tree pruning and sur- 
gery was performed in the enclosed portion of the Park. It is 
eratifying to know that the number of trees that are annually 
dying has been now reduced to a very small figure, with the 
exception, of course, of the chestnuts. It is to be noted here 
that one of our experiments, carried on for the control of the 
bark disease of the chestnut, points to success, although it is yet 
too early to make a definite statement. The number of trees 
pruned or otherwise treated in 1908 was 305. Of the minor 
planting operations carried out during 1908, were the planting out 
of 150 permanent shade trees, the transplanting of 106 evergreens 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 73 
from places in the border plantation, where they had become 
too dense; the temporary planting between the Boston Road and 
the Public Comfort Station, and the flanking of the west ap- 
proach to Baird Court with large specimens of rhododendrons. 
No trees or shrubs were purchased during the year, no money 
being available; and all the planting was with stock taken from 
our own plantation or nursery. 


Insect Pests ——Of insect pests, the elm-leaf beetle, which this 
year occurred in larger numbers than in the previous four 
years, was of the greatest importance. The tussock moth, also, 
seems to be on the increase, and since it is a dangerous matter 
to employ in a zoological park such stomach poisons as arsenate 
of lead, with which these pests could readily and cheaply be con- 
trolled, it may cause us a great deal of trouble. Several bad 
cases of the cottony maple-scale, and similar sucking insects, were 
quickly brought under control. The annual occurrence of the 
tent caterpillar has become less and less serious, because of the 
continued warfare waged against this most unsightly of all our 
pests. In connection with this insect, the following figures may 
be of interest: In 1905, 40,300 nests were destroyed; in 1906, 
the number was 11,194; in 1907, only 4,541 nests were found: 
and in 1908, the total was reduced to 3,712 nests. 

The maintenance cost of forestry and gardening, which in 
1908 was entirely inadequate to the work that needed to be done, 
will have to be recognized more fully hereafter, especially in 
such places as Baird Court, the Italian Garden and the Concourse. 

The Italian Garden.—The Italian Garden has proved to be a 
very popular feature. The central beds were first planted with 
8,000 yellow prince tulips, and afterward with 1,600 scarlet sage 
of a new and dwarf variety called “Zurich.” After the sage 
was cut down by frost, the center beds were filled with 10,000 
yellow pansies, which will make a fine showing next spring. 


The Care of Lawns is now an important item. The amount of 
work in that line has been steadily increasing, and is unavoid- 
ably costly, because on account of the much broken surface and 
numerous small patches, the grass lawns have to be mowed 


chiefly by hand labor. 


Plants in Buildings——The decorating of the large animal 
buildings with palms and other foliage plants, and the care of 
these decorations under very adverse conditions, was successfully 
performed by the force of gardeners and hothouse men. The 
Society now owns 100 large palms and other decorative plants, 
ranging in height from eight to thirty feet, and also a great 


74 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIELY 


many smaller plants, including sago palms and ferns. Last year 
the collection received several notable additions, among which 
were two large Illawarra palms, presented by Mrs. S. F. Col- 
gate, and a fine specimen of fan palm, given by the estate of 
William F. Zeigler, through Mr. W. S. Champ. With the aid 
of our greeenhouse at the nursery, and our new cold-storage shed 
for bay-trees, we have been able to keep the decorations of tropi- 
cal plants up to the standard set in the beginning ; and we believe 
they are one of the attractive features of the Park. It is hoped 
that in the near future the greenhouse plant at the Nursery can 
be supplemented by the addition of another greenhouse. 


General Maintenance-—The general maintenance, such as the 
distribution of food and supplies, the cutting and distribution of 
ice, the disposal of manure and garbage, and the collecting of 
refuse generally, was successfully carried on by the maintenance 
force, although on several occasions the amount of work de- 
manded was very embarrassing. 


Policing —The maintenance of order in the large Saturday 
and Sunday crowds, and the general policing of the Park, was 
largely done under the direct supervision of Mr. Merkel, who, 
at critical periods, gave this work his personal supervision. The 
number of persons arrested by members of the Park force was 
sixteen, and all of them were convicted. The shooting of birds, 
the building of fires in the woods east of the Boston Road, and 
peddling, were successfully broken up. The part taken by our 
maintenance force in “the rubbish war’ was very important, and 
that campaign has been fully described elsewhere. 


Repair Work.—In the older buildings of the Park, repairs to 
roofs, gutters, walls, cage-work, and heating apparatus were 
made wherever necessary. 

In the Reptile House, the entire turtle crawls, which formerly 
were of wood and zinc, were rebuilt in the most substantial man- 
ner of concrete, stained green with oxide of chromium (the only 
known green pigment which will not change color). The wreck 
caused by the female elephant was promptly removed, and the 
railings, cages, ete., repaired. The slate roof and copper gutters 
were carefully gone over, and this building is now in good con- 
dition. The amount spent during the year on this structure was 
$650. 

At the Antelope House the copper roof was carefully gone 
over, and the construction of the skylights was somewhat 
changed more perfectly to keep out rain and snow. Some minor 
repairs were necessary to the heating apparatus and to the plas- 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT bo 


tering around the elephant cages. In November the removal of 
the largest animals to the Elephant House enabled us to give the 
whole interior of the building a thorough cleaning and painting. 
The cost of work in the Antelope House for the year was about 
$650. 

At the Bird House, besides many minor repairs, the entire 
parrot hall and its cages were overhauled, and new and heavier 
wire netting put on the cage fronts. A brick wall was built in 
the cellar, to shut off coal gas from the Curator’s office, at the 
same time making a room that was afterward put into use as 
a storage room for heads and horns. The roof and gutters have 
needed almost constant attention. Several partitions of plate 
glass were put into outside cages, and a great deal of repair 
work was done around these cages. The entire building was 
painted inside and outside, the total cost for the year being 
about $825. 

At the Primate House a great deal of woodwork was removed 
from the vicinity of the large cages, and a number of panels be- 
low the fronts of the cages were taken out and replaced with 
glass panels. The ceiling lights, which were in danger of fall- 
ing, were fastened up with wire. The heating plant was entirely 
overhauled, one new boiler being erected, and necessary repairs 
were made on the other boiler. A great amount of repair work 
was necessary on the cage fronts. The cost of the labor and ma- 
terials expended in this building was $875. 

At the Lion House the heating plant required extensive repairs, 
one entire boiler being removed and replaced with a new one. 
All of the iron work of the inside cages was painted, and also 
part of that of the outside cages. The roof and gutters also re- 
ceived some attention. The ceiling lights, which were found to 
be in a highly dangerous condition, were made safe. This build- 
ing will require further repairs next year, especially in repoint- 
ing brick and terra cotta work. The cost of the work was about 
$500. 

At the Mammal House it was found necessary to replace parts 
of many of the inside cages; and the whole interior and exterior 
of this building was cleaned and painted. Two new sections were 
placed in the boiler of this building, and the drains were over- 
hauled and cleaned several times. The total cost of the work 
in this house was almost $1,300. 

Repairs and additions to other buildings, and the cost thereof, 
were as follows: At the Aquatic Bird House the new net, the gen- 
eral repairs, and the inside and outside painting, cost about $200 ; 
the Pheasants’ Aviary was painted at a cost of $375; installing 


76 NEW, YORK” ZOOLOGICAL SOCIERY 


electric lights and making repairs in the Feed Barn, cost $200; 
and repairing the cage fronts and valves in the Small-Deer 
House cost $100. All the Entrances were painted, and eight 
exit turnstiles strengthened with iron rods, at a cost of $450. 
The building of crates, and other work done for the Mammal and 
Bird Departments, amounted to $475, help being given these de- 
partments when large animals were shipped, and when keepers 
were away. 

Fleating.—The various heating plants are in a rather unsatis- 
factory condition. The watchmen-firemen are looking after thir- 
ty-six fires at night, some of which are taken care of by keepers 
during the day. Owing to the unfortunate fact that the Park 
contains boilers of nine different patterns, it is almost impossible 
to keep on hand a complete set of repair supplies, which may 
become necessary at any time during the day or night. 

Outside Installations—AIl the fences around the Antelope 
Yards were painted, at a cost of $350; the Flying Cage was re- 
paired and painted, which cost $640; and nearly $1,500 was 
spent in painting, putting in new wooden floors, repairing drains 
and cement floors, and putting new partitions in the Bear Dens. 
The many fences surrounding the Asiatic Deer Barn were re- 
paired and painted at a cost of $175. In the northern Fallow 
Deer Range the shelter house was repaired and set upon a con- 
crete foundation, a new shed was built, and the fences repaired, 
at a total cost of $2605. On Mountain Sheep Hill the cost of re- 
pairing the fences, setting new fence posts, and building a small 
shed was $275. The Wolf and Fox Dens were painted at a cost 
of $165. The boundary fence from West Farms to Bronxdale 
was repaired and painted at a cost of $140, and putting up tree 
guards and repairing the fence in the Elk Range cost $130. 
About $100 was spent in painting the Beaver Pond Fence, and 
taking stumps and old logs out of the pond. A number of small 
sheds were built and put up in the various ranges, and $1,200 
was spent for supplies, paint and labor for the Boat-House, Soda 
Stands and Restaurant. 


GROUND IMPROVEMENT WORK. 


Early in the vear a shed, seventeen by forty feet, was built in 
the Service Yard, for the Privilege Department, a part of the 
boundary wall being used as one side of the house. This was 
erected on a concrete foundation, with a concrete floor. Part 
of the machinery and plumbing was installed by our force. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 77 
Crematory.—A crematory was erected near the Nursery, after 
designs made by Mr. Merkel. This consists chiefly of a heavy 
double steel cylinder, four by eight feet in internal diameter, 
with a double grate and brick ash-pit. The steel shell, as well as 
the upper grate, is water cooled, and connected with a 150-gal- 
lon expansion tank. A heavy cast-iron cover, raised and lowered 
with a differential block, closes the top of the cylinder. This 
crematory is something which we long have needed, and which 
gives us adequate means of disposing of offensive refuse in a 
cheap and sanitary way. The ashes are saved and stored, and 
supply us with a valuable fertilizer that is free from weed seeds 
and other objectionable matter. This crematory has proven an 
entire success, and it only remains for us to protect it from the 
weather by proper housing. The crematory has been so placed 
that refuse can be dumped directly into the furnace from carts 
or cans. 

The Concourse —At the Concourse all the necessary grading 
was done, and a large quantity of top-soil was obtained and 
placed. In accordance with our planting plans a great deal of 
rock was removed from the hill west of the Approach, and every- 
thing was made ready for extensive planting operations in the 
spring of 1909, in accordance with the plans of Chief Forester 
Merkel. A service road, and walk leading from the Entrance 
to the Duck Aviary, were built. The surface of the Concourse 
roadway, which had been left in a rather unsatisfactory condi- 
tion, was top-dressed and rolled. Part of the road leading from 
the Concourse to Bronxdale, and a service road for the use of 
the contractor in erecting the new Aministration Building, were 
constructed. 

West of Baird Court.—The walks leading from the West Ap- 
proach to Baird Court to the Aquatic Bird House, and from 
the West Approach toward the Flying Cage, as well as a connec- 
tion with the Service Road, were constructed, and the old road 
was torn up, covered with top-soil and seeded. A concrete re- 
taining wall was built west of the mew Soda Pavilion, at the 
Aquatic Bird House. 

Walks.—Several important walks, notably those in the vicinity 
of the Restaurant, and those leading from the Crotona Entrance, 
past the Camel, Llama and Elk Ranges, were surfaced with our 
tar macadam, and are now, for the first time, in a perfectly satis- 
factory condition. 

The main walks leading to the Elephant House, as well as 
those surrounding the yards, were built and made ready for tar- 


7S NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


ring in the spring. Four walks, leading from the Boston Road, 
and from the Plaza just inside of the West Farms Entrance to 
the new Public Comfort Station, were built, and two lines of 
fence were erected. 

Elephant House Yards.—The entire surface of the Elephant 
Yards was graded; and an eight-inch sewer and eight manholes 
were built for properly carrying off surface water and refuse 
from these yards. In connection with these yards some very 
difficult and expensive grading, by means of concrete platforms 
built on piers, was found necessary, in order to preserve the lives 
of several fine trees growing there. Several portions of the 
foundations for iron fences, which come below the depth called 
for in the contract for their erection, or which were particularly 
difficult to treat on account of tree roots, were put down by our 
force. The Telford paving for most of the yards was put in 
place, and only a little of this, and the surfacing, remains to be 
done in 1909. In the interior of the Elephant House some 1m- 
portant ironwork, for the protection of the hot-water pipes from 
the elephants, and a lot of wire-work for the cage fronts, was 
erected by our force. 

Breeding House.—Vhe portable breeding house for birds, with 
its outside cages, was moved, practically rebuilt, and put upon a 
foundation of concrete. 

The Otter Pools were cleaned out and a new concrete platform 
built in one of them. The old “Soda Pavilion No. 4” was moved 
to the site of the launch-landing in Bronxdale, and there put upon 
a concrete foundation. At that point a small dock was built in 
front of the shelter pavilion. The foregoing completes the list 
of important operations by our Ground Improvement force for 
the year 1908. Besides directing this work, the Chief Forester 
also spent a great deal of time in watching the construction 
work of the several contractors at work in the Park. 


DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION AND PRIVILEGES. 
H. R. Mitchell, Chief Clerk) and Manager; William Mitchell, Assistant. 


During 1908 the clerical work in the Department of Admin- 
istration and Privileges sensibly increased in volume over pre- 
vious years. Early in the year, a change was ordered in the 
methods of purchasing and paying for supplies required in 
ground improvement work, which added considerably to our 
office work. It was not, however, found necessary to make an 
increase in the office force. Instead of supplies of this character 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 79 


being bought and paid for by the Society, as formerly, they now 
are purchased on orders issued by the Park Commissioner, and 
the bills therefore are forwarded to the Comptroller’s office for 
payment. 

Privileges —tIn all lines of business the year 1908 showed a 
more or. less extensive falling off, due to the panic of the pre- 
vious fall, and the subsecuent financial depression which con- 
tinued throughout 1908. [Early in the season this depressed con- 
dition was brought to the attention of all members of the 
privilege force, and their personal interest was enlisted in a 
special effort to bring the results for the season up to those of 
the previous year. The manner in which our employees re- 
sponded was, indeed, gratifying, as the figures for the year will 
show. While the business fell off in some directions, it in- 
creased in others, so that when the profits for the year were 
made up, there was an actual gain of several hundred dollars. 

A large reduction was made in the amount put into new 
equipment and betterment of plant, over that expended for this 
purpose in the previous year; and finally, the actual cash re- 
mitted to the credit of the Animal Fund reached $21,341.43. 

A few interesting calculations have been made to show the 
development of the Privileges during the past five years, as com- 
pared with the increase in attendance during the same period. 
They are as follows: 


INCREASES DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS. 
(1904 TO 1908, INCLUSIVE. ) 


SUITE GNC SS Ano ie cee aie wm mE er 23 per cent. 
( SEWERS 1D) Se ee a 5 per cent: 
Net Earnings from Park Privileges. 96 per cent. 
Profits of Privilege Department, 

SMMC T A Wnaers tery austers is excite vales ne n52pet cent. 
Profits from Soda Water, specially.. 271 per cent. 


Soda Water—TYo our former equipment of fountains was 
added during the season of 1908, the fountain installed in the 
new soda pavilion. This is a combination of wall and counter 
fountain utilizing the double wall fountain which was purchased 
in Brooklyn about two years ago and has been stored, together 
with the Becker twelve-foot counter apparatus previously used 
in the temporary stand near the riding animals. 

Owing. to the hard times, the gross receipts of this privilege 
did not increase greatly during the season. The net profits, how- 


SO NEW YORK ‘ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIELY 


ever, responded well to the continued economies in maintenance 
and manufacture. As noted elsewhere, the soda-water business 
has gained 271 per cent. in net profits during the past five years, 
or from 1904 to 1908, inclusive. 

New Soda Pavilion.—The new soda pavilion near the Aquatic 
3ird House, was completed early in May, 1908. Our. original 
plan for this building provided for large doors on all sides, giv- 
ing it an almost unlimited capacity with perfectly free access 
from all quarters; but this arrangement was so changed, and the 
size of the building so much reduced, that it was out of the ques- 
tion to carry out our plan for placing the fountain in the center 
of the building. The first busy day after the fountain was 
opened demonstrated that it was out of the question to handle 
the crowd without opening the building on the eastern side. 
A folding door, twelve feet wide, was opened on the east 
side of the building, and a spacious platform constructed 
under the shade of a large tree, thus permitting patrons to sit 
down outside the building. This fountain is located somewhat 
off the main thoroughfare, and has not as yet done anything like 
the business of the old location near the riding animal stand. 


Ice Cream Plant.—Early in 1908 it was decided to put up a 
new temporary building suitable in form and location, so as to be 
available eventually as a storage shed, but which could first be 
utilized as an ice cream factory. This building is eighteen by 
forty feet, with concrete floor, and is divided into two rooms. 

A great saving in labor has been effected by having the new 
plant on the ground level, instead of in a difficult basement. This 
change made a very satisfactory showing in the profit and loss ac- 
count for the season. 


Boating.—During the two years the boating privilege has been 
operated by the Society, it has more than doubled the net profit 
received from the lessee during the entire five years it was oper- 
ated by him. During the season the boating equipment was in- 
creased by the addition of another carload of Mullin’s steel row- 
boats, as well as by twenty-five new flat-bottomed wood boats. 
The entire equipment, including the electric launch, was over- 
hauled, repainted and put in order before the season opened. A 
number of the old wooden boats, purchased from the former les- 
see two years ago, were found not to be worth further repairs and 
were destroyed. We expect, as rapidly as possible, to replace 
this old equipment with the best and safest boats that can be 
obtained. 


On busy days the business for the launch could not be han- 


a et me 


aa “~—s= 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Sl 


dled by the “Albatross” alone, and to relieve it somewhat a 
large eighteen-foot rowboat was fitted up with awnings and 
cushions. This boat was rowed to and fro on the lake, on regular 
trips. It proved quite popular, and carried a number of pas- 
sengers sufficient to demonstrate the necessity of another electric 
launch. Asa result, an order has been placed for another thirty- 
foot electric launch built on practically the same lines as the 
“Albatross.” This boat will be ready for delivery by the opening 
of the season of 1909. 

By the use of two launches scheduled so that one will be at the 
dock loading while the other is out on the trip, it is expected that 
from fifty to seventy-five per cent. more passengers can be car- 
ried. That portion of the river used for boating is badly in need 
of a little work in the way of dredging, and removing old stumps 
and logs. 

Rocking-Stone Restaurant—The business of the Rocking- 
Stone Restaurant showed an increase in keeping with the in- 
crease in attendance for the year. There was not, however, such 
a good showing in net profits, for the reason that quite a sum 
was expended in advertising, and for the music furnished daily 
throughout the entire season, from May Ist to October Ist. 

Guide Books.—The Elephant Edition of the Guide Book sold 
freely throughout the year, and heavy inroads were made in the 
stock on hand. It is estimated, however, that the present edition 
will very nearly run through 1909. The net profit from this 
source for the year was fully up to our expectations. 

Souvenir Books and Postal Cards——A new and revised edition 
of each series of the Souvenir Books were issued during 1907. 
The half-dollar series is now completely exhausted, and the issue 
of a new edition is under consideration. 

Strange to say, the sale of souvenir postal cards seems to have 
been affected by the general depression, more than any other 
privilege. The usual assortment of sets were kept continually on 
sale and special efforts were made to bring the sales up to the 
previous years, but without entire success. A new series of col- 
ored cards, consisting of thirty-two subjects, was issued just at 
the close of the season. These cards are from three-color process 
plates by the American Colortype Company, and in artistic effect 
they are very satisfactory. They are a great improvement over 
our previous colored card, printed abroad. 

Riding Animals——The Riding Animal receipts for the year 
were satisfactory except the fact that we were again without the 
use of a riding elephant. The profits of this privilege were about 


Fn a Ae OT AICI OE 
=a. : 
on 
~ 
s 


eS 4 
<3 


th 
of \ 


MAIN HALL OF THE ELEPHANT HOUSE. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 83 
the same as the previous year, notwithstanding the fact that the 
cost of operation was somewhat increased owing to the removal 
of the soda stand at this location, and the consequent necessity 
of maintaining a separate cashier for the riding animal business. 

Toward the close of the season the female elephant ‘Luna” 
was purchased from the Luna Park Company at Coney Island, 
with the intention of using her as a riding animal, but we discov- 
ered that she is so nervous and obstinate it was not considered 
wise to make any attempt to utilize her as a riding elephant. She 
will be used for exhibition only. 

Gate Receipts.—As the Park attendance increases on free days, 
a proportionate gain has been made in the receipts from admis- 
sions on pay days. The year 1g08 was no exception in this par- 
ticular. Many visitors seemed to find it desirable to come to the 
Park on pay days, in order to see the collections without the an- 
noyance of encountering the crowds present on other days. 


DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. 


George M. Beerbower, Civil Engineer. 


Our Engineer's most important work during 1908 was the 
constant and at times continuous inspection and superintendence 
of the erection of the steel fences and gates of the ten large yards 
surrounding the Elephant House. The plans and specifications 
for this work were made by Mr. Beerbower in 1907, and on them 
a contract was let to the McHarg-Barton Construction Company 
at $13,700. The contract provided for the erection of the fences 
and all copings underneath them, as well as for their manufac- 
ture. To resist the attacks of adult elephants the gates and fences 
required to be built to withstand blows or pressure of at least 
5.000 pounds delivered at their weakest point. This, of course, 
calls for very strong steel posts, set deeply in solid concrete, and 
connected by horizontal rails of steel so heavy that no elephant 
can bend them. To run such heavy fences over very uneven 
ground, and secure a result that is sufficiently strong and at the 
same time not positively offensive to the eye, is a very difficult 
task. 

The work of setting the posts, and constructing the concrete 
copings, proved to be very vexatious. By the McHarg-Barton 
Company all this work was let to a sub-contractor. In order to 
secure honest and correct work from dishonest and tricky labor- 
ers who sought by every possible means to make improper, worth- 
less work pass as “good,” Mr. Beerbower was obliged to watch 


84 NEW YORK (ZOOLOGICAL SOGIETY 


the construction of every foot of the concrete foundation work. 
In this he had at the last some assistance from the contractor’s 
engineer, but no assistance of any value from the city inspector 
placed on the work by the Park Department. 

This sub-contract for the concrete work was in several ways a 
valuable object lesson. It showed how the taxpayers of this 
city are liable to be robbed whenever a sub-contract falls into the 
hands of an ignorant or careless man, who is served by laborers 
that are utterly devoid of all sense of workman’s honor, and who 
strive early and late to “skin the job.” 

It is no exaggeration to say that, with the best intentions on 
the part of McHarg-Barton Company, and with excellent iron- 
work generally, it was only the constant, hourly presence of Mr. 
Beerbower on the work, practically with club in hand, that pre- 
vented the laborers on the concrete work and the setting of all 
posts, from turning in work looking fair on the outside, but 
utterly defective within. Matters finally reached such a pass that 
the McHarg-Barton Company furnished the services of an en- 
gineer to assist Mr. Beerbower in maintaining on both sides of 
the Elephant House the close surveillance that was necessary. 


DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PUBLICATIONS. 


Elwin R. Sanborn, Photographer and Asst. Editor. 


The publications issued in 1908 consisted of four regular num- 
bers of the BULLETIN, the Annual Report and Part II of the an- 
nual brochure of the National Collection of Heads and Horns. 

In photography 533 negatives were taken, and 4,071 prints 
were made. The index albums were brought up to a more per- 
fect state for ready reference, and the number of volumes was 
increased to twenty-three. A catalogue of the halftone plates be- 
longing to the Society was completed and brought down to date. 
A proof of each plate has been mounted in a serviceable scrap- 
book, with full data regarding its history. The Society is now 
in possession of 1,311 halftone plates, chiefly of animal subjects. 

Mr. Sanborn has devised a plant for the production of trans- 
parencies and enlargements, which is operated in one of the store- 
rooms. Satisfactory results are obtained by using the north light, 
which is reflected into the room by a large metal screen. 

The difficult problem of photographing live monkeys and 
baboons received the serious attention of our photographer, who 
designed a cage especially for his purposes, with which he has 
already secured some excellent results. 


OO ees 


REFORT OF thE DIRECTOR OF THE 
AQUARIUM TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. 


HE New York Aquarium as a place of recreation for the 

people, has more than fulfilled the expectations of the City 
that founded it. In twelve years it has been visited by nearly 
twenty-two millions of persons. Its yearly attendance, never 
less than one and a half millions, has steadily increased until 
the present time, the number of visitors for 1908 being 2,536,147 
—an average of almost seven thousand a day. 

Under the management of the New York Zoological Society, 
which has for six years been engaged in improving its equipment 
and exhibits, its yearly attendance has increased by a full million 
of visitors. 

The plans of the Society for the betterment of the institution 
are being steadily carried into effect, and it is now on an excellent 
basis for the wellbeing of its aquatic life and the satisfaction of 
the people who visit it. 

The City has recently granted a new improvement fund of 
$5,000 to be used chiefly for a new roof and enlarged skylights. 
The latter improvement will nearly double the amount of light in 
the building and will contribute not only to the comfort of 
visitors, but to the health of animals kept in the large floor pools. 

The work completed during the past year has given the Aqua- 
rium a splendid sea-water system, which makes possible the keep- 
ing of many marine forms, hitherto not exhibited here. An un- 
derground reservoir of 100,000 gallons capacity was filled with 
ocean water early in July, since which time marine species have 
been kept in healthful condition. Still more attractive features 
of sea life will be added next spring, when our collections will 
be more varied in character than has been possible with the old 
water system. The sea-water reservoir is demonstrating its value 
in other ways: Since it was put into operation in July there has 
been a notable saving of animal life, the loss of specimens due to 
foul water having been largely eliminated. Losses of specimens 
at present are due chiefly to fighting among the occupants of the 
tanks for which there is no remedy. 

The saving in coal was also important, amounting from Oc- 
tober I-to December 31 to 147 tons as compared with the same 
months of previous years. There is a vast difference between 


86 NEW YORK -ZOOEOGIGCAE- SOGIELY 


heating water from the warm underground reservoir, and _ that 
pumped directly from the harbor in the winter months. The 
reservoir will eventually pay for itself. 

The difficulties encountered in the heating of sea water, by 
means of iron and bronze heaters which corrode and break down, 
have apparently been solved by the employment of a heavy coiled 
heater made of chemical lead. It has already lasted much longer 
than others previously tried and appears to be in perfect con- 
dition. No other aquarium has the problems to contend with 
that have developed here, where sea water is heated in winter 
for tropical species, and fresh water refrigerated in summer for 
northern species. With warm and cold tanks of both fresh and 
salt water, it has four distinct water systems regularly in use. 

The Aquarium is not only ready to do anything that is possible 
in public aquariums elsewhere, but probably something more, 
and with the return of another summer collecting season, inter- 
esting forms of sea life will occupy many of the tanks as perma- 
nent exhibits. About 200 species of fishes are usually kept 
in our 94 glass-fronted tanks, and number from 3,000 to 4,000 
specimens of native marine- and fresh-water species and tropical 
species from the Bermuda Islands. These figures do not include 
the product of the fish-hatchery. The collection of invertebrates 
is as yet limited to local marine forms, but will later include 
tropical species of showy colors. The large floor pools contain 
seals, sea-lions, alligators, crocodiles, large sea-turtles and stur- 
geons. The table aquaria usually contain about twenty species 
of fresh-water turtles. 

During September the large central pool contained two por- 
poises and a leatherback sea-turtle, the latter weighing 840 
pounds. Unfortunately some of the lung-breathing marine ani- 
mals are not adapted to a long life indoors, and it is perhaps un- 
wise to repeat experiments with such as are affected by warm 
air when the building has to be heated. 

Exchanges of fishes were made during the year with the De- 
troit Aquarium, the Sportsmen’s Show in Boston and with the 
Tuxedo Club. 

Tropical fishes were brought from Bermuda, and local sea fishes 
were procured by sending tanks to the fishing banks on the 
steamer “Angler.” Nearly all other specimens obtained during 
the year were gathered by the collector, Mr. John DeNyse, 
or by seining parties sent out from the Aquarium to various parts 
of the lower bay and to park lakes of New York and Brooklyn. 


OL  — — 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 87 
MINOR IMPROVEMENTS. 


Among the improvements made from the Maintenance Fund 
may be mentioned the extension of the gas-light system to all 
tanks on the balcony; the introduction of a steam-heating coil 
of heavy chemical lead for warming sea water; the galvanizing 
of all iron gratings on the service gallery to prevent iron rust; 
the introduction of wicker (rattan) strainers instead of wire to 
prevent iron rust; the placing of covers over radiators to throw 
heat outward and protect painted pillars, and the filling of the 
reservoir with sea water, brought by tank steamer from Sandy 
Hook Lightship. 

The Aquarium, notwithstanding the improvements affected 
during the past six years, is handicapped by its limited space. 
There is no room for the increase of its collections and it is now 
difficult to find room for the location of so much as a pump, a 
filter or coal bunker. In the pump room the men have barely 
space to move about and the coal-stowage capacity is limited to a 
six-days’ supply, which endangers the entire marine collection 
during heavy snow storms when the delivery of coal is uncertain. 

Growth of Young Sea-Turtles.—Director A. G. Mayer, of the 
Marine Biological Laboratory at the Dry Tortugas, Florida, 
presented in July numerous young loggerhead turtles newly 
hatched, which in the pure sea water now available at the 
Aquarium have grown and thrived in capacity. Hitherto all at- 
tempts to raise young sea-turtles at the Aquarium have proved 
unsuccessful. The requirements for success seem to be pure 
sea water at a temperature of about 75 degrees Fahr. and a sunny 
situation. The food used was chopped clam and fish. In these 
specimens the average length of carapace was 21% inches and the 
weight 1% ounces. Six months later the average length of cara- 


/ 


pace was 4% inches and the weight 9% ounces. 

Large Lobsters—Two lobsters (Homarus americanus) of un- 
usually large size were received at the Aquarium during the year. 
The first, received on January 23 from Cranberry Isles, Maine, 
weighed 14% pounds, its length from tip of antenne to tip of tail 
being 34 inches. The second specimen, received April 29 from 
off Atlantic Highlands, N. J., weighed 16 pounds. Its extreme 
length was 34% inches, length from top of rostrum to tip of tail 
1934 inches. Both specimens were males. Neither of these 
lobsters lived more than a few days. It seems probable that their 
loss was the result of packing in ice during shipment. The 
first specimen was mounted for the Aquarium, the second sent to 
the American Museum of Natural History. 


88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Octopus.—Upon the installation of the pure sea-water system 
several specimens of octopus were brought from Bermuda, none 
of which long survived injuries received during shipment. They 
had been, unfortunately, crowded into a single tank on the steamer 
which caused fighting, with the result that none of them escaped 
mutilation. Another lot was shipped too late in the season and 
all were lost on the way on account of the low temperature of 
the water. 

Under the care of experienced persons these interesting ani- 
mals can however, be transported safely, and further shipments 
will be made early in the summer. 

Labels.——Up to the present time more than 200 labels have 
been prepared, so that the collections are well supplied with 
printed information. Most of the labels are illustrated with 
cuts, which make identification of species simple when two or 
more kinds are kept in the same tank. All labels are written in 
terse sentences and printed in large type. 


ATTENDANCE. 


The following table shows the attendance at the Aquarium in 
1908 by months: 


January ...Number of visitors 146,428 Daily average 4,723 
February .. e Y 129530) i 4,466 
Marchal ae. : ‘ 183,592 se ss 5,922 
Ardler . zi 200,0606 =) 6,898 
Mair scree: - “ 226,058 ~~ 7 7,043 
JWinie> ieee S 2Ac 720, ae 8,191 
SoU aaa ees i 224,480 “10,467 
Auoust, J i 2050500 a : 9,860 
September . . Fi 284,124 2 : 9,470 
October... * 201,649 “ . 6,504 
November . . 142,326 ss 4 4,744 
December zi 128:070 “> 2 4,150 

OCA Peseta Water ete sae 2,530,147 ‘ 6,948 


The increase over the year 1907 amounted to 404,754. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT S9 


The number of visitors for the twelve years of the Aquarium’s 
history is now close to twenty-two millions, as shown by the fol- 
lowing table: 


11310 yah eres eee Visitors 1,635,252 Daily average........ 4,480 
WOOO co. < s . 1,089,471 ns a ee eee 4,028 
is.00 | ae a 1,841,330 . OS ier 5,044 
LOOOR. << s.- — 1,585,584 - Feds ras ea tase 4,344 
LOOM a 5 » : 1,644,856 i SH ee sexeak. farecote 4,506 
BOO2 ess ces: 5 1,700,453 ti ee eed as 4,059 
MOOS o/c. : 1,547,873 4 eee reer rs 4,240 
WOO G00 sch bt 1,625,770 ce Ge te rane icketcn 4,554 
OOS e | a. a 1,726,170 7 sane Reet oe 4,729 
ROOOLE oe 5 sc : 2,106,509 ii beh ae eee 50771 
BOO Hae sys ca. bi 2,131,303 ; Siren Taree 5,839 
HOOG rere te ss . 2,536,147 “ ee te oy 6,948 

ANO letIeE xs rase re ee Weler 21,770,868 ze “12 years 4,970 


The records of attendance for the larger public museums of 
America and Europe present no such figures respecting visitors. 

Judging from the patronage of the public the Aquarium is the 
most popular institution in the world. 

Fish Hatchery—Vhe United States Bureau of Fisheries has 
generously supplied from year to year fish eggs from Government 
trout, salmon, shad and whitefish hatcheries, for the maintenance 
of the Aquarium exhibit of fish culture. Eggs are received as 
different species come in season and the hatching trays, troughs 
and glass tanks show during most of the year fish eggs and young 
fishes of several kinds in various stages of development. The New 
York Fish Commission continues to remove to State waters the 
annual output of young fishes amounting to two or three millions. 

The Aquarium fish cultural exhibit is an object of frequent in- 
quiry and undoubtedly awakens an interest in the subject of pri- 
vate fish raising, which is an occupation of growing importance. 
Quite a number of men have sought information respecting the 
methods of fish growing and have availed themselves of the 
facilities afforded by the Aquarium library. 

The Director’s article on the “Cultivation of Fishes in Ponds,” 
published by the New York Zoological Society, in its eleventh 
annual report, has been republished by the American Fisheries 
Society and by two magazines devoted to outdoor life, and permis- 
sion to reprint has been given to the fishery commissions of four 
different States. Many of the fish culturists of the country re- 


90 NEW ‘YORK ‘ZOOEOGICAE SOGIBEY 


gard private fish raising as a matter of great importance in view 
of the widespread practice in America of polluting public waters. 
It is now considered by fishery officers that the continued pollution 
of our streams is rendering ineffective much of the important 
work of public fish propagation. 

The Aquarium has been brought into close relation with this 
work through its fish-hatching exhibit, its large collections of liv- 
ing food fishes and its correspondence with the public at large. 
Another publication emanating from the Aquarium, entitled “The 
Pollution of Streams,” has also been widely reprinted. 


AID TO SCHOOL TEACHERS. 


Small marine aquaria have been placed in more than 300 school 
houses in the city, the aquaria being furnished by the Board of 
Education, the animal collections by the New York Aquarium. 

The work requires but a portion of the time of a single em- 
ployee, while the animal life is supplied by the collector in con- 
nection with his regular field work. The furnishing of the ma- 
terial for school aquaria is thus only a nominal cost to the 
Aquarium. 

Classes in biology accompanied by teachers continue to visit 
the Aquarium Laboratory where there are facilities for observ- 
ing the smaller forms of marine- and fresh-water life. 

The number of pupils and teachers thus accommodated dur- 
ing the year was 5,218, and the number of school aquaria stocked 
was 86. This work has been under the personal supervision of 
Mr. Spencer of the Aquarium staff. 

International Fisheries Congress.—On the forenoon of Septem- 
ber 28 the Fourth International Fisheries Congress, meeting for 
the first time in the United States, was specially entertained at the 
Aquarium. Most of the foreign delegates were surprised to find 
that New York maintained a distinctly larger and better-stocked 
aquarium than is to be found anywhere in Europe. It collects 
and succeeds in keeping aquatic forms, the exhibition of which 
is not attempted elsewhere. The Congress, after a very active 
meeting in Washington, spent a day in New York and then 
visited the principal fishing centers of New England. Delegates 
were present representing many countries. A splendid series of 
papers was presented relative to the promotion of fishery indus- 
tries, the conservation of fishery resources, international fishery 
regulation, fish culture and biological research. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 91 


THE TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY OF THE WATER OF NEW YORK 
HARBOR AT THE BATTERY. 


A glance at the following table shows that the monthly mean 
temperatures from June 1 to November 30 were distinctly higher 
in 1908 than those of preceding years for the same period. The 
monthly means of specific gravities show a higher density 
(salinity) from September 1 to December 31 than those previ- 
ously recorded. The higher temperature and density of the wa- 
ter of the harbor during the past summer and autumn are un- 
doubtedly due to the extreme dryness which prevailed during 
those seasons. 

Although the new reservoir of stored sea water was put into 
regular use on July 9, some of the floor pools are still supplied 
with water from the harbor. In these pools the effect of the 
higher salinity was perceptible in the better condition of the 
fishes kept in them; although the results are in no way com- 
parable with those secured in those tanks supplied from the reser- 
voir. In the latter, the salinity has remained steady at about 
1.021 and the water was moreover, absolutely pure and free from 
the bad effects of sewage with which the harbor water is per- 
meated. 

Record of monthly mean temperatures and specific gravities 
at the New York Aquarium during the years 1903, 1904, 1905, 
1906, 1907, and 1908. (From daily observations made by Mr. 
We fa-DeNyse:)* 


1903 _ 


1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 

Bl of asl g Q95| cs [25| css [25] cs [a5] os 

es) 22 |53| S8 bs BE 82] BE Ee 22 Be 2E 
January...... = | is /34/ 1.014/ 35 /1.013|39/1.014/39|1.012/ 41 1.011 
February ....)37/1.010/ 33 1.014 33 1.016 | 36) 1.012 | 35 1.014 | 38 | 1.012 
March ........ 401.008 36) 1.013 36 1.014/ 38) 1.011} 36/1.013/39/ 1.010 
pail tc: 461.009 | 40/1.009 43/1.011/ 43) 1.010) 42) 1.010! 45 1.009 
May cs '56 | 1.014 | 52/ 1.010 |52/1.014|52/ 1.013|50| 1.011 | 54/ 1.010 
mers yore. 61 | 1.013 | 61| 1.010 | 62 | 1.015 | 62/ 1.013|56/1.013/ 65 1.014 
jicly oes 66 | 1.013 | 70| 1.013 | 68 | 1.015 | 69| 1.013 | 65 | 1.015 | 71 | 1.016 
August....... 68 | 1.013 | 71| 1.014| 71| 1.016 | 72} 1.014| 70| 1.016| 74 | 1.016 
September .. 68/1.013 68 1 O14| 68 1 014|71| 1.015 | 69} 1.015] 71 1.017 
October... 62 | 1.011 | 59/ 1.013) 62| 1.014 | 63 | 1.016 | 62 1.012 67 1.018 
November..,.| 52 1.014/ 51) 1.013) 51) 1.015 | 54| 1.014] 51| 1.010) 57 | 1.018 
December...| 40 1-014 | 59 1.015 | 44| 1.014 43| 1.014) 45) 1.011 | 49 1.017 


* Density observations were made with samples of water brought to a 
temperature of 60 degrees Fahr. 


92 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


The chief interest which attaches to this record is the low 
salinity of the water of the harbor, as compared with that of the 
open sea, which is about 1.028. 

The impurity of the harbor water and its low salinity hay e 
until the present year, made the keeping of marine life in the 
Aquarium most difficult. Since the pure sea-water supply has 
been available the losses among marine animals in the tanks for 
the period from July to December, inclusive, have been reduced 
about 50 per cent. as compared with the same period of former 
years. 

Never before have really large numbers of tropical fishes 
been carried through to the end of the year, and the numbers 
of such fishes now on hand encourage the hope that losses during 
the winter will be reduced to the minimum. 

This record of six-years’ daily observations is the only one of 
its kind that has been kept in the City, and, together with the 
record of specimens lost on account of bad water, throws light 
on the subject of the pollution of the harbor. 

The time is approaching when fish life can not exist in the 
water of the harbor at all—when those lower forms of marine 
life which assist in the disposal of waste matter will themselves 
be dispersed. 

Respectfully submitted, 
CHARLES H. TowNSEND, 
Director. 


a. 


A i - Re et - - 
] m oo fot 4° Ba 7 7 a : 
a rey yp be ‘Ser wal 
= | = tas 


7 / 


ee Ch 


PIVAGCE: i: 


Figure II. White banded phase 


RED GROUPER (Epinephelus morio) 


OBSERVATIONS ON INSTANTANEOUS 
CHANGES IN COLOR AMONG 
PRORICAL FISHES. 


By CHARLES H. TOWNSEND. 


EARLY all the tropical fishes on exhibition in the New 

York Aquarium have the capacity of instantaneous changes 
in color according to their moods or artificial excitements, and 
their many phases of coloration and markings have become more 
noticeable under recently improved conditions of management. 

Since July, 1g08, sea fishes in the Aquarium have been kept 
in pure sea water supplied from a reservoir containing 100,000 
gallons, the use of the brackish and impure water of the harbor 
having been abandoned, except in certain very large pools. The 
temperature and salinity of the water approximate those to which 
the fishes are accustomed in nature. 

The glass-fronted exhibition tanks, some of which are eight 
feet long, are lined with artificial rockwork, and have the bot- 
toms covered with sand or gravel, all of which assists in making 
the conditions of captivity decidedly favorable. The fishes spend 
much time resting among the rock crevices or on the white sand 
below. 

The various species of fishes from the Bermuda Islands are 
now maintained in better condition than ever before, and most 
of them have adapted themselves to captivity, feeding, playing 
or fighting; in apparently natural ways. 

It is well known that sea fishes habitually frequenting green or 
yellow seaweed acquire and maintain the general color tone of 
their habitat, and that trout from dark water are dark colored, 
while those inhabiting waters where there is sandy or gravelly 
bottom are light colored. 

Such conditions have long been appreciated at the New York 
Aquarium, where fishes kept in tanks lined with white tiles, ha- 
bitually wear their lighter colors, only an occasional blind fish 
remaining unchanged. The pale, colorless blind fishes of the 
Mammoth Cave gradually become darker when exposed to light 
in the Aquarium. These fishes, although with eyes practically 
useless, are still able to distinguish light from darkness. A speci- 
men from Mammoth Cave which has lived in the New York 
Aquarium three years has gradually become quite dark. 


O4 


NEW YORK ZOOLOGIECANERS© GlEAnY: 


PLATE A. 


Reds 
e 


fo ghee eet ve 
aad 


N. Y. AQUARIUM EXHIBITION TANK. 


6 


es 


= haan 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 95 


One of the large floor pools contains twelve specimens of the 
striped bass (Roccus lineatus) which have never been moved 
since they were first placed in the pool fifteen years ago. This 
pool is lined with white tiles, and all the specimens are pale and 
colorless while their characteristic stripes are scarcely noticeable. 
The only normally colored fish in the lot is blind, and it is also 
undersized, since it has never been able to secure its full share of 
the daily supply of food. 

Another white-tiled pool contains skates and rays, all of 
which became pale and colorless within two days of their cap- 
ture, and .ceased to exhibit their original rich brown tones. A 
newly arrived specimen is remarkably conspicuous when placed 
among them. The changes of color depend upon the eye. 

In ali these northern fishes, which reflect the tone of their sur- 
roundings, the changes are slow, requiring days or even weeks, 
but the color changes of tropical species are sudden, or actually 
instantaneous. 

A year ago the following label was attached to all tanks con- 
taining fishes subject to quick changes in appearance: 


“This species may change color at any moment. 

A few minutes’ observation of the fish is usually enough to reveal a 
change either in color or in pattern of marking. 

The color cells of the inner skin are under the instant control of the fish. 

Under natural conditions the changes of color are made chiefly for the 
purpose of concealment from enemies. They are also used for the capture 
of prey, for signaling, warning, mimicry, courtship and other purposes.” 


Through the agency of the label many of the visitors to the 
Aquarium learned to detect the changes, and found a new en- 
joyment in watching the more showy species. 

The methods by which fishes produce changes in appearance 
are well understood. The color cells in the skin are contractile, 
and, as they may contain red, blue, yellow, or other pigment, the 
different coiors result from muscular action upon one or more 
kinds of cells. 

The fishes of tropical seas are usually of brilliant coloration, 
perhaps more so than tropical birds or butterflies, but their re- 
markable colors are not so well known, as they persist only dur- 
ing life. Outside of the tropics these fishes are to be seen no- 
where, except in a few public aquariums. 

Six months ago I began a series of daily observations on their 
colors, which have been continued to the present time. While 
the present article is merely a preliminary account of the be- 
havior of certain tropical fishes with respect to the display of 
color, enough has been learned to show that many of those under 


96 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


PLATE II. 


Figure 1. Dark phase. 


Figure 2. Banded phase. 


NASSAU GROUPER, (EPINEPHELUS STRIATUS). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 97 


observation disport themselves habitually under phases of colora- 
tion which are apparently unrecorded in the standard works on 
West Indian species. 

The accompanying photographs will temporarily serve to illus- 
trate some of the aspects under which the fishes exhibit them- 
selves, as far, at least, as can be done in mere black and white, 
without the aid of colored plates, which are not yet available. 
The only plate in color, that devoted to the red grouper, has been 
hastily prepared by the artist, by tinting the photographs taken 
from iife. It has been reproduced by one of the cheaper proc- 
esses, and is by no means as satisfactory a presentation of the 
species as could have been secured by lithography. It shows, 
however, two phases of color fairly well. 

The ordinary photographs were secured by transferring fishes 
to a small portable tank, which could be carried into the sunlight. 
This tank is about fifteen inches in length and the same in height, 
but only four inches wide. Its use involves considerable hand- 
ling of the specimens, and all photographs made with it show 
only those phases of color and markings which are peculiar to 
frightened and hiding fishes. 

Photographs made in this way present but one, or, at best two 
phases of color. There seem to be difficulties in the way of pho- 
tographing other phases, since they are displayed only when 
the fishes are undisturbed, in the large exhibition tanks, which 
are so iarge as to allow specimens to get out of focus. They are, 
moreover, too dark to permit of instantaneous photography, and 
the use of flashlight has not yet given satisfactory results, there 
being a lack of detail. Mr. Spencer’s photograph of the red par- 
rot-fishes (plate 5, fig. 3) is a fairly satisfactory flashlight, 
but the fishes were under some excitement and had sought the 
bottom of the tank. One individual in the rear had taken on the 
dark hiding colors, but the two large specimens in front were 
caught in half-mottled guises. 

A study of the admirable photographs of West Indian fishes 
by Mr. A. R. Dugmore, published in American Food and Game 
Fishes, by Jordan and Evermann, shows that they are all pic- 
tures of the fishes in what may be called their hiding colors, and 
are, I am authoritatively informed, the results of photography 
with a small portable aquarium. 

The objection may be raised that the color phases here de- 
scribed as habitual among fishes in the New York Aquarium are 
merely the results of captivity, but this is not the case. Our 
own photographic results from many of the same species are 


9S NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


PLATE III. 


Figure l. Dark red phase. 


Figure 2. White-blotched phase. 


RED HIND, (EPJINEPHELUS MACULOSUS). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT QQ 


identical with those secured by Dugmore. Neither are they the 
results of gradual change, brought about by living in captivity, 
since changes of color occur hourly; in fact, may occur at any 
moment and are usually instantaneous. They begin to be in evi- 
dence within an hour of the arrival of new specimens, or as 
soon as they recover from the alarm caused by handling, and are 
produced as long as the fishes live in the tanks, which, in some 
cases, may be several years. 

The markings in the Dugmore photographs, as well as those 
made in the New York Aquarium, are not those produced by 
mere excitement, but rather those caused by real alarm and the 
desire to hide. The markings and colors resulting from such 
moderate excitements as play, fighting, feeding, turning on of 
electric lights, etc., are quite different and have not yet been 
caught by the camera, portrayed by the artist, or recorded in 
the books. 

The colors shown on many of the well-known colored plates 
of West Indian fishes are, therefore, not those of normal condi- 
tions, but rather those of dying, or dead and rapidly fading fishes. 
The colors so observed are the vestiges of the last color excite- 
ments of the fishes. Even if painted in a portable aquarium (as 
some of them were) from newly caught wild fishes, they show 
hiding or alarm colors only, and represent in each case merely 
one-of several possible phases of coloration. 

Fishes newly introduced to captivity do not remember their 
alarms very long, but emerge from their hiding places wher: 
quiet is restored. They soon show interest in life, by feeding, 
fighting and playing, and the observer in the New York Aqua- 
rium will quickly discover that the fishes habitually masquerade 
in colors and patterns which are apparently unknown to ichthy- 
ologists. 

A little frightening cf most of these fishes drives them to the 
lower or the darker portions of the tanks, where the hiding col- 
ors are maintained as long as the fishes try to conceal themselves. 
The turning on of artificial light usually has an enlivening effect 
on the fishes, many of them swimming nearer the surface and 
showing brighter color. It often has the effect of drawing all the 
specimens of certain species from the bottom to mid-tank or 
higher. Feeding produces a change in certain species, which 
may last for some time after they have ceased darting at the par- 
ticles of food falling down through the water. With few excep- 
tions, the various sudden changes of color occur in the young, as 


100 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


PLATE IV. 


Figurel. Pale phase. 


Figure 2. Dark phase. 


RED PARROT-FISH, (SPARISOMA ABILDGAARDT). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 101 


well as in the adult specimens, and the heavily scaled parrot- 
fishes change as readily as the more lightly scaled red hinds or 
groupers. 

During the latter part of February, 1909, I had the oppor- 
tunity of seeing the fine collection of fishes living in the Ber- 
muda Aquarium, where many of the tanks are as large as those 
in the New York Aquarium. Observations on the colors of 
fishes made in Bermuda served to confirm in general those made 
in New York, but the results were not always the same, due, 
perhaps, to the fact that none of the tanks were supplied with 
white sand bottoms or rockwork linings. Some additional phases, 
however, were noted. 

The colors and markings are, to some degree, determined by 
the position of the fishes in the tank. When swimming in mid- 
tank the fishes are likely to have colors quite different from those 
assumed when resting against a dark background, while those 
displayed when at rest upon a bottom of white sand or gravel 
may differ from both. 

In the following notes I have frequently referred to the colored 
plates published in The Fishes of Porto Rico,* by Evermann and 
Marsh. In reply to my letter of inquiry respecting the methods 
used by the artists, Messrs Hudson and Baldwin, in making the 
original paintings for these plates, Dr. Evermann writes: ‘Mr. 
Baldwin’s work was done without an aquarium. Fresh, fre- 
quently living, specimens were put in his hands and he worked 
on them as rapidly as possible to get the colors before material 
change took place. 

“The paintings by Mr. Hudson were all made in Key West. 
The fishes were kept in a small portable aquarium. He was able 
to get specimens readily from the live-wells of the fishermen’s 
boats. 

“The Hawaiian paintings} (about which I had also inquired) 
were made from live fishes kept in portable aquariums. 
The Samoant fishes were painted from alcoholic specimens care- 
fully preserved, color sketches being made from life at the time 
the fishes were collected.” 

Dr. Evermann’s information as to the methods employed is im- 
portant in connection with the observations recorded in the pre- 
sent paper, as it enables us to define the particular phases of color 
in each species which the plates show. 


* Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission 1900. 
7 Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 1903. 
t Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 1905. 


102 NEW YORK} ZOOLOGICAL “SOCIED™ 


PLATE V. 


Figure 3. Dark (left), Pale (right). 
Photo by L. B. Spencer. 


Figure 4, From plate 30, Fishes of Porto Rico. 
Painted from a dead specimen. 


RED PARROT-FISH, (SPARISOMA AB/ILDGAARD/). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 103 


The color plates painted with the use of the portable aquarium 
may, therefore, be classed with the photographs made by the 
same method. They show phases of color and markings ex- 
hibted by specimens more or less affected by fright. The plates 
reproduced from paintings of fresh, but rapidly fading dead speci- 
mens, may, if very quickly done, show color phases resulting 
from fright. Otherwise they can show only tints resulting from 
the slow relaxation of the color cells as the dying fish loses con- 
trol of them. 

While paintings and photographs of fishes made in the ways 
described akove may present very well the colors and markings 
known to professional fishermen and to anglers—that is, colors 
exhibited by captured and frightened or dying specimens—tlie 
most of those with which we are acquainted do not portray the 
various species in the phases in which they exhibit themselves in 
life. 

All illustrations of fishes which are capable of sudden changes 
in color should, with a view to scientific exactness, be accom- 
panied with data respecting the phases of color shown, and the 
methods used in producirg them. Color plates should never be 
made from dead fishes if living examples can be procured. It is 
equally important that similar data should accompany written 
descriptions of colors. The keeping of tropical fishes in public 
aquariums has now made possible some knowledge of their colors 
under normal conditions. In written descriptions in general, the 
familiar caption “Color in life,’ is inexact, since it usually means 
merely the changing colors of a dying specimen. 

It does not appear that there is any phase of color in the twen- 
ty-six species under observation, which can be called the per- 
manent life color; frequent changes take place dependent upon 
activity, rest, play, anger, fright, temperature, food, light, or 
other causes. There are usually two or three phases of common 
occurrence, others being of less frequent appearance. The color 
changes are not necessarily connected with the breeding season, 
since they can be observed daily throughout the year. 

In the following notes no attempt has been made to write out 
new systematic descriptions of each species, the object in view 
being merely to direct attention to the facts that all of the 
fishes observed have different colors and markings at different 
times, that most of the phases have been hitherto undescribed, 
that the changes from one phase to another are sudden, and to 
state briefly the general character of each phase. 


104 


PL 


ATE VI. 


NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Figurel. Pale phase. 


Figure 2. Black-finned phase. 


YELLOW GRUNT, (HAEMULON SCIURUS). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 105 


Rep GrouPerR, (Epinephelus morio). This species has many 
phases of coloration: 

I. A common swimming phase, uniformly rich fawn color, 
with small irregular specklings of white on sides, which frequently 
disappear. 

2. Pale olive brown, white bands of head and body distinct. 

3. Pale olive brown, dorsal, caudal and anal fins narrowly 
black-edged, with faint margin of white (plate 1, figure 1). 

4. Still paler, with a broad reddish brown band from snout 
through eye to near first dorsal, fins narrowly black-edged. No 
other marks. 

5. White-banded phase: Body rich fawn color, the white bands 
of head and body thrown out sharply, fins narrowly dark-edged, 
with faint margin of white (plate 1, figure 2). 

6. Dark-banded phase: Body pale olive, the fawn color becom- 
ing dusky, so that the fish appears light-colored with dark bands. 
It amounts almost to a reversal of phase 5. 


Nassau GROUPER, (Epinephelus striatus). Six phases of col- 
oration are commonly observed in a tank containing several speci- 
mens of this species: 

1. Uniform dark plumbeous, without markings of white (fig. 
E plate 2): 

2. Uniformly creamy-white, without dark markings. 

3. Dark plumbeous above, with pure white under parts up to 
the level of the pectoral fins. 

4. Upper half of body sharply banded, lower half creamy- 
white. 

5. In this phase the uniform dark coloration is deeply suffused 
with red, most noticeable in old and large specimens, and most 
distinct on head, but still subject to instant and complete suppres- 
sion. Very large specimens often take on a rich fawn color, 
which suffuses the entire body. 

6. Uniform dark plumbeous, the body irregularly banded and 
mottled with white. This is the phase shown in the colored plate 
by Hudson from life (plate 12, Fishes of Porto Rico), and in the 
photograph by Dugmore (American Food and Game Fishes, page 
384). All photographs of this fish made in the photographic 
tank show this phase only (fig 2, plate 2). It is the phase 
usually assumed by the fish when at rest among the rockwork of 
the large exhibition tank, and can be produced in all the speci- 
mens instantly by frightening them. It is, however, no more the 
normal appearance of the fish than the uniformly dark, the uni- 
formly white, or any other phase. 


106 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL “SOGIETY 


PLATE VII. 


YELLOW GRUNT, (HAEMULON SCIURUS). 


Figure 2. Dark phase (left), striped phase (right ). 


RED-MOUTHED GRUNT, (HAEMULON FLAVOLINEATUM). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 107 


No two photographs of the banded phase are quite alike, the 
markings being apparently dependent upon the degree of hand- 
ling to which the fish has been subjected. 


Rep Hinp, (Epinephelus guttatus). Many phases. In this spe- 
cies the extremes of coloration are represented by a uniform and 
conspicuous redness, usually evident when the fish is in motion, 
but sometimes observable in the photographic tank, and a pale, 
red and white mottling when it is at rest. Between these there 
are many gradations of color and marking. In the first, or 
bright red phase, the spots are uniformly red on a dark red back- 
ground. This is well shown in the plate opposite page 386 in 
American Food and Game Fishes. In the second, the ground 
color turns pale in places, giving a mottling of white, sharply 
spotted with red on both dark and light areas. This is a common 
resting or hiding color. In this phase the fins become pale. 
Another phase shows a pale ground color evenly spotted with red, 
the dark ground color entirely disappearing. This color is also 
developed when the fish is at rest or hiding, and dark fringes may 
appear on the tips of caudal, soft dorsal and anal fins. 

Two phases are shown on plate 3. 


Rep Parrot-FIsH, (Sparisoma abildgaardi). To visitors this 
is the most interesting among the species subject to sudden 
changes in color. The changes occur frequently when the fishes 
are in motion and are decidedly marked in character. 

In the brightest and most conspicuous phase (fig. 2, plate 4) 
there is a brilliant and nearly uniform red on the under surface 
and lower fins; the color comes like a sudden blush, reaching its 
intensity in two or three seconds. The sides and upper surface 
at the same time quickly turn very dark brown, especially on the 
margins of the scales, with the result that each scale is sharply 
outlined. In the second, fourth and sixth rows of scales, count- 
ing from the dorsal, each third, fourth, or fifth scale in the row 
remains pure white, giving the fish about sixteen regularly dis- 
tributed white spots, which are very distinct in the dark phase, 
although not distinguishable in the pale phase. The head and 
the dorsal fin quickly become darker, the pale pink of the tail 
turns crimson red, its pale band becoming pure white. 

In its palest phase the fish is almost colorless and nearly with- 
out markings, resembling a dead fish from which color has dis- 
appeared. A fairly pale phase is shown in (fig. I, plate 4). 

Sometimes when in the dark phase the swimming fish, espe- 


108 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


PLATE VIII. 


Figurel. Dark phase. 


Figure 2. Excitement phase. 


YELLOW-FIN GROUPER, (MYCTEROPERCA VENENOSA). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 109 


cially if disturbed by its companions, will turn pale below, the 
red quite disappearing, while the darkness of the upper parts 
remains. 

When the change from the dark to the pale phase takes place 
slowly, say in four or five seconds, the obliteration of the differ- 
ent: marks and colors can be easily followed with the eye. More 
often the change is instantaneous. When the two extremes of 
coloration are shown in separate fishes, as is often the case, the 
casual observer naturally supposes there are two species in the 
tank. 

Between the extremes of coloration there are several inter- 
mediate phases, one of which shows a pale fish, quite lacking the 
white scales and the red underparts, but with the free margins 
of all scales so dark that they are outlined with a distinctness 
not to be seen in any other species known to me. 

~The phase shown in the colored plate of this species (No. 38) 
in the Fishes of Porto Rico has not been observed in the Aqua- 
rium, even after repeated experiments in the large and small 
tanks. The painting was made from a dead fish and is herewith 
reproduced on (plate 5, fig. 4). 

Fig. 1, Plate 4, shows the red parrot-fish in a half pale phase, 
with the white spots appearing faintly, all red color having dis- 
appeared. Fig. 2 is the same fish, photographed two minutes 
later, after the photographer had changed the plate. The rich 
brown color, white spots and gorgeous red were produced in- 
stantly for the benefit of the photographer by touching the fish 
with a stick. Both views were secured in the portable photo- 
graphic tank. 

A flashlight photograph by Mr. Spencer of the large exhibition 
tank shows the red parrot-fish in two additional phases to those 
described above; the left figure (plate 5) is a half-mottled dark 
phase, with the head pale and underparts red. The right figure, 
a slightly-mottled pale phase, only partly red below. 

Another phase is sometimes assumed when the fish is at rest, 
the dark upper color and the red under color being separated by 
a pure white band extending from the upper jaw, through the 
eye to the lower half of the tail, the fringe of the opercle turning 
jet black. 

The palest phase of this species was not observed in the tanks 
of the Bermuda Aquarium, probably because none of the tanks 
were supplied with white sand bottoms. 


GREEN PARROT-FISH, (Sparisoma viridi). This species while 
not capable of the many changes in color so constantly practiced 


110 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOGIEDY 


PLATE IX. 


Figurel. White phase 


Sn, eee 4 2 - s ate 
OL Pas A p Pend > uM - pees 


Figure 2. Blue phase. 


BLUE TANG, (Z7ZU0T7HIS COEZERULEUS). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT leita 


by the red parrot-fish, (Sparisoma abildgaardi), has the power of 
greatly intensifying or obscuring its colors and markings. In its 
brightest and most showy phase the fish is of a uniform bright 
green color, with the border of the gill cover a brownish red, the 
same color appearing on the borders of all scales until they are 
outlined with remarkable distinctness. 

In the hiding or resting phase of coloration the conspicuous 
green of the fish is obscured by much heavy mottling of brown, 
so much at times that the green disappears under the general 
suffusion of brown. This coloration is maintained as long as the 
fish remains quiet against a dark background. 

PicrFisu, (Orthopristis chrysopterus). Four phases: 

1. The ordinary coloration is pale, without markings. This 
unmarked phase is fairly well indicated by the cut on page 434, 
American Food and Game Fishes. 

2. Seven or eight irregular, vertical, dark bands, not unlike 
those of the tautog, (Tautoga onitis). 

3. These bands are sometimes suddenly cut off at the level of 
the eye, the entire under parts turning white. 

4. Another phase shows coloration under excitement. The 
vertical bands almost disappear and two longitudinal, broad, 
dark bands come out, the upper one extending from forehead 
to end of dorsal, following the curve of the body; the lower band 
straight, along median line from snout through eye to tail. The 
lower surface up to the median band is pale white. This colora- 
tion developed instantly in the larger fish whenever it began 
following and biting its former mate. The sexes were not dis- 
tinguished. 

Since a number of heavily banded tautogs were placed in the 
tank with a pigfish, the latter has worn its vertical bands habitu- 
- ally. This fact was noted and reported to me by several of the 
attendants, independently of my own observation. The pigfish 
has quite changed its habit of actively swimming about, and 
now usually rests in the bottom among the tautogs, from which 
a casual glance does not distinguish it, so nearly perfect is the 
mimicry. 


YeELLow Grunt, (Haemulon sciurus). This species when quiet, 
in mid-tank, is of a uniformly pale golden color with narrow, 
longitudinal stripes of blue. 

If excited or alarmed two complete changes may take place: 
In the exhibition tank the whole school drops lower down, the 
soft dorsal fin and the most of the tail turning black. If one or 
more specimens are placed in the small photographic tank and 


112 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
PEALE 2X: 


Figurel. Dark brown phase. 


RNR 


Figure 2. Mottled phase. 
HOGFISH, (LACHNOLAIMUS MAXIMUS). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT LS 
carried into the sunlight the fishes sulk upon the bottom, display- 
ing, in addition to the black dorsal and tail, large irregular and 
very dark vertical blotches. 

The customary swimming or mid-tank phase is shown in (fig. 
I, plate 6). The phase with black fin and tail is represented in 
fig. 2 of the same plate. It is also shown in American Food and 
Game Fishes, plate opposite page 430. The small cut, fig. 1, 
plate 7, shows the mottled phase. The last is usually maintained 
as long as the specimen is kept in the small photographic tank, 
but sometimes disappears for a few moments. 

Rep-MoutHED Grunt, (Haemulon flavolineatum). Ordinary 
coloration in mid-tank. Uniform pale golden yellow, with nar- 
row silvery stripes. 

Coloration when alarmed: The whole school bunches together 
at the bottom, all immediately assuming a dark-mottled appear- 
ance, the ground color becoming so dark that the fish is com- 
pletely changed. The dark blotches disappear at once when the 
disturbance ceases, the specimens, one after another, assuming 
their ordinary coloration, with, however, two lengthwise very 
dark bands, one extending straight from the snout through the 
eye to the tail, the other curved upward from the forehead to the 
end of the soft dorsal. These conspicuous bands show at inter- 
vals until the excitement caused by disturbing the fishes dies 
down. 

When specimens are placed in the photographic tank a fourth 
phase, entirely dark, is assumed and retained. This is shown 
in the left figure of plate 7, while the phase with two longitudinal 
bands is shown in the right figure of the same plate. When these 
two specimens were placed in the photographic tank, both in- 
stantly assumed and retained the dark unmottled phase. The 
striped phase of the fish at the right was produced by touching 
it repeatedly with a stick. 


Princess RocxkFisH, (Mycteroperca bowersi).* Three phases: 

Bright-red phase: Pale red ground color with bright-red spots 
everywhere. Pectorals yellow, all other fins with black edges. 
A slight plumbeous mottling, making the upper surfaces darker 
than under. When this occurs—usually when the fish is in mid- 
tank and over gravel bottom—the plumbeous blotches become 
red along base of the dorsal and top of tail. 

Dark-red phase: Usually assumed when the fish rests against 
the dark tank walls, the paleness of color deepens quickly to 


* The identification of these specimens is not yet certain. 


114 


PLATE XI. 


NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Figurel. Half-banded phase. 


Figure 2. Dark phase. 


TRIGGER-FISH, (BALISTES CAROLINENSIS). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 115 


dark reddish brown, yellow of tips.of pectoral fins intensifies, also 
the black tips of dorsal, caudal, ventrals and anal. The red spots 
remain very bright. 

Pale phase: The whole fish pale white with heavy black 
blotches. 

Frequently all these phases may be observed in a single tank 
within five minutes, without artificial disturbance of the speci- 
mens. 


GAG. (Mycteroperca microlepis?) Black phase: Uniformly 
dusky black; no marks anywhere. 

Pale phase: Uniformly pale white, everywhere covered with 
irregular rings, ovals, half circles, triangles and blotches of dusky 
brown, extending partly on fins. 

This species has also one or two intermediate phases. 


YELLOW-FIN GROUPER, (Mycteroperca vencenosa). Pale phase: 
Uniformly pale white with mere indications of dark blotches 
down to median line. Below, small dark spots, also faintly indi- 
cated. All fins pale and colorless, with narrow dark margins 
composed of dusky spots on dorsal, caudal and anal. All red 
of body and yellow of pectorals absent. 

Dark phase: Dusky gray, under parts spotted with bright red, 
pectorals tipped with clear yellow, all other fins heavily black- 
bordered, considerable red ground color on back and tail. Numer- 
ous dusky blotches on body. 

Alarm phase: Same as preceding, but pale above median line, 
darker below. Red on under parts and tail more intense. Dark 
spots of lower body nearly uniting into large dark blotches. Dark 
spots of upper body intensely black. 

These are the principal phases, but there are several others; 
one of which shows the body white below level of eye, with very 
dark blotches above. Two phases, one dark, the other a phase of 
the photographic tank, are shown on plate 8. The upper figure 
was colored by the artist from the same photograph as the lower. 


Brack Grouper, (Mycteroperca bonact).* Phase 1. Uni- 
formly creamy white, anal and caudal black-bordered, with an 
outside narrow edging of white. 

Phase 2. Entirely pale, with about eight vertical blackish bands, 
each broken into three or four nearly square or rectangular areas. 

Phase 3. Same as preceding, but with body white below level 
of eye, and fins dusky. 


* The identification of this species is not vet certain. 


116 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


PLATE XII. 


a 


Figurel. Ordinary phase. 


Figure 2. Excitement phase, 


GRAY SNAPPER, (LU7/ANUS GRISEUS). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT iia yi 


Phase 4. Body dusky brown, heavily mottled everywhere 
a phase connected with fright (see plate opposite page 392, 
American Food and Game Fishes.) 

The above are the principal phases to be seen any day, but there 
are several variations. 


Ticer Rockrisu, (Mycteroperca tigris). Two phases are 
usually to be seen at the same time among the specimens in the 
exhibition tank. In one the general coloration is brownish, the 
bands which distinguish the species being pale and _ indistinct. 
Most of the brown effect is produced by very numerous brown 
spots everywhere. 

In the other phase the body is almost black, the bands are 
pure white, and there is more or less white mottling on the tail. 
This coloration is the one assumed when the fishes are disturbed. 


Biue Tanc, (Teuthis coeruleus). There are two striking 
phases of coloration assumed by this species, one a bright blue, 
the other pure creamy white. In the latter there may be at 
times faint bluish margins to all the fins except the pectorals. 

The blue phase is the one usually seen, since it is assumed 
whenever the fish is in the least disturbed by visitors passing the 
tank, and this lasts ail day long (fig. 2, plate 9). 

The other phase is seldom seen until the building is free from 
visitors, then the fish may settle down toward the white sand 
bottom and take on a ghostly whiteness (fig. 1, plate 9), but any 
disturbance instantly brings back the blue color. 

No amount of experiment in the photographic tank ever pro- 
duces anything but an intensely blue fish. The figure showing 
the white phase (plate 9) was made with the help of the en- 
graver from a photograph of a blue specimen, it being impossible 
to photograph it. 


Doctor Fisu, (Teuthis hepatus). Pale phase; Pale white in- 
cluding pectorals and dorsal, the caudal and lower fins faintly 
bluish on the edges. Vertical bands faint. 

Dark phase: Very dark, blue of fins almost obscured. A white 
band around caudal peduncle behind lancet. Vertical bands very 
dim. 

Olive phase: Body and fins pale olive. Vertical bands sharp 
and distinct. Mouth white. 


Conery or Niccer Fisu, (Bodianus fulvus). This species is 
silbject to many and frequent changes in appearance. A com- 
mon resting color, shows the upper third of head and body very 


118 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY 


dark brown, with small closely set specks of blue. All other 
parts, including whole of tail, pure white. The blue speckling is 
apparent on the white portions also when examined closely. This 
phase is shown in the photographic plate opposite page 382 in 
American Food and Game Fishes, but the tail is black. 

In another phase the white invades the upper dark third, leav- 
ing about four dark blotches across back and dorsal, with irregu- 
lar dark lines on head. 

In a common swimming color the entire body is dark reddish 
brown, everywhere minutely speckled with intense blue. 

A fourth phase shows upper and lower thirds of the body dark, 
the median third pure white. Blue dots indistinct. 

In a fifth phase (in the photographic tank) the fish becomes 
a pale gray with the body dark blotched and the blue specks dis- 
tinct. 

The coney presents still other aspects of coloration, but the 
heavy blotches never appear except on a frightened fish, in the 
photographic tank. 


Hocrisu, (Lachnolaimus maximus). Three principal phases: 
Dark brown phase: Uniform pale reddish brown, whole front 
of head rich brown, a band of the same across base of the tail. A 
narrow band of this color extends also along the back at base of 
dorsal (fig. 1, plate 10). 

Mottled phase: In the mottled phase there are equal amounts 
of reddish brown and pale white, both tints showing as nearly 
vertical bands on fins as well as body. When the fish is frightened 
the pale and brown mottling always appears, showing apparently 
a hiding color, with the fish usually in a corner of the tank and 
close against the rockwork (fig. 2, plate 10). 

Phase 3: Whole body pale and colorless, only faint outlines 
of the brown marks showing. 


TRIGGER-FISH, ( Balistes carolinensis). Four phases. 

1. Sides and upper parts and all fins uniformly covered with 
fine bluish reticulations. Under surfaces white, upper dark. 

2. Uniformly pale, with a yellowish cast. 

3. Pale white, with broad, irregular, vertical bands on upper 
body, these sometimes forming black blotches close to dorsal (fig. 
L. plate mp 

4. Uniformly dusky, bluish reticulations sometimes appearing 
faintly. This is fairly well shown in (fig. 2, plate II). 

Jott-Hrap Porcy, (Calamus bajonado). Three common 
phases: 

1. Uniformly dusky, unmarked. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 119 


2. Pale silvery, with a greenish cast, unmarked. (see upper 
figure on plate opposite page 438, American Food and Game 
Fishes.) 

3. Color under excitement; same as preceding, but with five 
irregular, vertical bands of brownish black. Shown faintly 
in lower figure of the plate referred to. It is better defined on 
colored plate 25, Fishes of Porto Rico, but neither show the 
remarkably sharp bands affected by specimens in the New York 
Aquarium, 


SERGEANT Mayor, (Abudefduf savxatilis). Banded phase: 
Body pale, with five or six vertical black bands. Frequently the 
pale areas between the bands become yellow. 

Dark phase: Body and fins nearly black, vertical bands on sides 
almost obscured. 

Alarm phase (in the photographic tank): Same as preceding, 
but vertical bands more distinct, with a white band across fore- 
head and a white blotch under eye. 


GRAY SNAPPER, (Lutianus griseus). Three phases: 

1. Uniformly pale, dusky above, lighter on head and under sur- 
faces (ie. 1, plate 12)! 

2. Uniformly dark olive brown, still lighter below. 

3. Coloration under excitement: The whole fish becomes a 
shade darker, with a heavy black band, the width of the eye, ex- 
tending from snout obliquely through eye to front of first dorsal 
fin. A narrow fringe of black appears on dorsal and anal fins 
(fis. 2, plate 12). 

This is also fairly well shown in American Food and Game 
Fishes, on the plate facing page 432. The brilliantly colored 
phase on plate 17, Fishes of Porto Rico, has not been observed 
among specimens in the Aquarium, except as it has been indi- 
cated occasionally as a faint suffusion of color. 


SCHOOLMASTER, (Lutianus apodus). Ordinary coloration: 
Above dusky olive. Yellowish olive below and on all fins, no 
markings anywhere. 

Excitement phase: Narrow vertical bands come out sharply 
on upper part of body. Feeding usually develops the bands dis- 
tinctly. 

Phase 3° The brilliant yellow coloration shown in plate 19, 
Fishes of Porto Rico, is probably correct, as the painting was 
made from a living fish held in the portable tank. This colora- 
tion probably results from fright, it has not been observed in 


120 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


the large tanks of the New York and Bermuda Aquariums, and 
the specimens were not tested in the photographic tank. 


QueEEN TrIGGER-FISH, (Balistes uctula). This wonderfully 
marked fish has three phases of coloration: one dark, another pale 
and a third with the fins almost black. The usual blue markings 
persist in all three without change, except in intensity. In the 
dark phase, which is the customary dress, the head, below the blue 
lines, is rich golden yellow, all blue markings are brilliant, the 
body and fins dusky olive, especially above. 

The pale phase is quite a change from this, the whole body 
becoming yellowish white, the blue markings still persisting 
faintly. 

The coloration shown on plate 39, Fishes of Porto Rico, is that 
of a dead and half-faded specimen. 

Live specimens observed in Bermuda frequently showed the fins 
black, the lower part of the body rich purplish blue. 


Cow Fisu, (Lactophrys tricornis). Phase 1: A uniformly pale 
or yellowish olive phase, with purplish blue reticulations very 
distinct. 

Phase 2: Large, very dark blotches spread over body and tail, 
blue reticulations scarcely apparent. 

Phase 3: Whole body light brown, blue reticulations becoming 
dusky. 


Brue-Heap, (Chlorichthys bifasciatus). Phase 1: Hinder 
half of body indigo blue, like the head, the black-bordered whitish 
band between, taking a bluish cast. 

Phase 2: A sudden change from this leaves the hinder half of 
body pale greenish yellow, upper and lower rays of tail bluish 
black and the white band showing pure white. 


“CiLuck,” (The Bermuda name) (Eqies acuminatus). Pale 
phase: Pale silvery, the longitudinal rich brown stripes of body 
very distinct; first half of spinous dorsal rich brown. 

Dark phase: Uniformly dusky brown on body and fins. Two 
or three darker vertical blotches occasionally appearing. 


Note—Mr. L. B. Spencer has kindly furnished photographs of 
vellow-fin grouper, hogfish, red-parrot and trigger-fish. 


List of Gifts 
tern ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 


From January 1, 1908, to January 1, 1909. 


AnonyMous, New York City: 
Slate-Colored Junco. 
ARIZONA OstricH Farm, Phoenix, Ariz.: 
Road-Runner (3 specimens). 
ARrLT, GERHARD, Chief Engineer, S. S. “Allegheny,” New York City: 
South American Iguana (3 specimens). 
Auroot, GrorcE, Kingsbridge, New York City: 
Chameleon. 
BaIsLey, Mrs. Euvcenia, New York City: 
Alligator. 
Baker, Horace, Kitchawan, New York: 
Red-Shouldered Hawk, Red-Tailed Hawk. 
BAUMANN, MAstTER CHartes, New York City: 
Box Turtle, Spotted Turtle. 
BeacH, REx, New York City: 
Alaskan Black Bear. 
BELLosA, CHARLES F., New York City: 
Alligator. 
Benepict, Rarpu C., New York City: 
Cooper Hawk. 
BERGGREE, Ernest, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Java Squirrel (2 specimens). 
BLAKE, Captain H., New York City: 
White-Tailed Deer. 
BEOUNT, JR; Fo Roc 
Raccoon. 
Bounine, A., New York City: 
Red Squirrel. 
BorvEN, SETH A., Fall River, Mass.: 
Canvasback Duck, American Crow (3 specimens). 
BowptsH, B. S, New York City: 
Blue Jay 
BraprorD, Mrs. C. H. D., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
White-Eared Buibul (2 specimens) 
Brown, E., Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y.: 
Night Heron. 
Brown, Ropert, Portchester, N. Y.: 
Gray Fox. 
BrRowNING, WiLLI1AM H., New York City: 
Bare-Throated Bell-Bird, Gray-Breasted Parakeet (3 specimens). 
BurRELL, ALEXANDER M., Paymaster, Hamburg-American Line: 
Caribbean Dove. 
Bwttrner, Gustav, Chief Steward, S. S. “Prinz Sigismund”: 
Anteater. 
CALLEN, Casper R., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Alligator (2 specimens). 
CAMERON, Mrs. J., New York City: 
Alligator. 
Carey, C. C., West Englewood N. J.: 
Red-Shouldered Hawk. 


122 NEW YORK “ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY 


Carson, CHARLES L., New York City: 
Macaque Monkey. 

CarTER, Lestie T., New York City: 
Albino Coyote. 

CarVER, WILLIAM H., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
White-Faced Sapajou. 

Cueney, Mrs. A. E., New York City: 
Roseate Cockatoo. 

CHEVALLAZ, A., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
European Starling, Japanese Robin. 

CHITTENDEN, SIMEON B., New York City: 
White-Tailed Deer. 

CLark, W. CampBELt., Newark, N. J.: 


Ox. 

Cor, Miss M. S., New York City: 
Red-Crested Cardinal, Red-Billed Hill Tit. 

Connon, THomAS T., New Rochelle, N. Y.: 
Marmoset (2 specimens). 

CONSTANTINE, Ropert, New York City: 
Centipede, Cuban Iguana, Scorpion. 

CorNELL, J. S., Larchmont, N. Y.: 
Alligator (4 specimens). 

CRANE, W. H., New York City: 
Blue-Tailed Lizard, Scarlet King Snake, Chicken Snake 

Curran. Mrs., New York City: 
Box Turtle. 

Curtis, F. C., New York City: 
Song Sparrow. 

CusHMAN, Master Merton, New York City: 
Alligator. 

Date, Mrs. ANNIE KELLocc, New York City: 
Golden Baboon. 

Davies, C. CLARENCE, New York City: 
Alligator. 

Davis, Miss Aaron, New York City: 
Horned Toad (2 specimens). 

pE Haas, E., New York City: 
European Blackbird. 

Devery, E. K., Hastings-on-Hudson, New York: 
Night Heron. 

DEwriING, ANDREW W., Baltimore, Md.: 
White-Throated Sapajou. 

DvuKE oF Beprorp, Woburn Abbey, England: 
Kiang, or Tibetan Wild Ass. 

EBERHARD, Mrs., New York City: 
Sora Rail. 

Epen, W. C., Jersey City, N. J.: 
Alligator. 

Epwarps, Cyrit, First Officer, S. S. “Clan Macdonald”: 
Java Monkey. 

Epwarps, Witt1am, New York City: 
Macaque Monkey. 

EccELiInG, O., New York City: ; 
2 Climbing Perch, 2 Gurami, 2 Indian Catfish. 

ENGEL, Miss CuHartotte, New York City: 
Marmoset. 

FenHaAur, Mrs., South Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Blue-and-Yellow Macaw. 

Ferrier, Henry, New York City: 
Alligator. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 


FiscHEr, GEorGE, Yonkers, N. Y.: 
Gray Fox (2 specimens). 

Forp, H. W., Morristown, N. J.: 
Canary. 

FRANKLIN. JOHN, New York City: 
Gannet. 

Fries, Mrs. Ep., New York City: 
Alligator (2 specimens). 

FROEDER, GEORGE, New York City: 
Yellow-Fronted Amazon Parrot. 

GoEBEL, RicHarp, New York City: 
Virginia Rail. 

GotpHorN, Dr. L. B., New York City: 
Spotted Snake. 

Gray, WILLIAM H., Yonkers, N. Y.: 
Barred Owl. 

GrIGRARD, Miss Marton, New York City: 
White Rabbit. 

Groat, Mrs. L. W., New York City: 
Margay Cat. 

Gross, FranK, New York City: 
Wild Turkey (2 specimens). 

Guccione & Company, D. J., New York City: 
Badger. 


bo 


~~ 


Harmony Crus, THe, New York City (through Mr. Henry W’. Roemer): 


Capuchin Monkey (2 specimens). 
Harrison, E., Newburgh, New York: 
Hawk. 


Harvarp PsycHoLocicAL Laporatory, Cambridge, Mass. (through Dr. 


M. Yerkes): 

Cebus Monkey (2 specimens). 

HATCHER, JR., Epwarp, New York City: 
Herring Gull. 

Havens, Acnes A., Williamsbridge, New York City: 
Ring-Necked Parrakeet. 

Haywarpb, Captain, S. S. “Clan Macdonald”: 
Dusky Langur Monkey, Java Peacock. 

HEINEMAN, L., New York City: 
Gopher Tortoise (2 specimens). 

Herren, Mrs. JoHN Pav, Tarrytown-on-Hudson, New York: 
Flying Squirrel (2 specimens). 

Herz, D., Dobbs Ferry, New York: 
Snapping Turtle. 

Hicox, De Los, West Brighton, Staten Island. 
73 Striped Snakes, 16 De Kay Snakes. 

Hiccins, Tuomas F., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Purple Gallinule. 

Hipxins, Mrs. H., New York City: 
Canary (3 specimens), Tovi Parrakeet. 

Hottoway, Miss Eruet, Brookline, Mass.: 
Alligator (4 specimens). 

Hornic, Mrs. E., New York City: 
Alligator. 

How tanp, Etta M., New York City: 
Blue-and-Yellow Macaw. 

Hutse, Rtcuarp J. E., New York City: 
Margay Cat. 

Hurp, Harry, New York City: 
Angora Guinea Pig (3 specimens). 


124 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Hurter, JuLius, St. Louis, Mo.: 
Berlandier’s Tortoise. 

Hustep, JAMES W., Peekskill, N. Y.: 
Hog-Nosed Snake (2 specimens). 

Jounson, C. E., New York City: 
Alligator. 

Jounstong, E. R., Vineland, N. J.: 
Coyote. 

Just, GEorGE FREDERICK, Scarsdale, N. Y.: 
White-Throated Sapajou (2 specimens). 

KAEGEBEHN, ALFRED, Hoboken, N. J.: 
Ocelot. 

Karr, A. H., New York City: 
Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot. 

KAuFMAN, FRED., West Hoboken, N. J.: 
Nine-Banded Armadillo. 

Keator, Mrs. T. R., Bensonhurst, N. Y.: 
Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot. 

Kennepy, W. F., Van Nest, New York City: 
Blue-and-Yellow Macaw. 

KENSLER, CorNELIUS, New York City: 
White-Fronted Amazon Parrot. 

Kissam, C.°H., Huntington, Long Island, N. Y.: 
Banded Rattlesnake. 

Kern, ALFRED J., Tappan, N. Y.: 
Ring-Necked Snake. 

Kuinc, Mrs. C. P., New York City: 
Western Mockingbird. 

KoECHLING BrotHers, New York City: 
Tarantula. 

Kou ter, F., New York City: 
Short-Eared Owl. 

_KoopMAN, JoHN, New York City: 
Angora Guinea Pig. 

Kotzum, Henry J., New York City: 
Canary. 

Kraus. Henry, Brooklyn, New York City: 
Alligator. 

Krause. CAPTAIN SIEGFRIED. S. S. “Prinz Eitel Freidrich” : 
South American Fox. 

Kroun, Curts., New York City: 
Great Horned Owl. 

LAWRENCE. TOWNSEND, Flushing, Long Island, N. Y.: 
Broad-Winged Hawk. 

Lerper, Mrs. C. A., New York City. 
Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot. 

Lerpert, Mrs. Lena, New York City: 
Capuchin Monkey. 

Locxwoop, J. A., New York City: 
Alligator. 

Lunzer, Artois, New York City: 
Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot. 

McComps, Miss Grace, Jersey City, N. J.: 
Roseate Cockatoo. 

McIntyre, Frank, Throgg’s Neck, New York City: 
Yellow-Fronted Amazon Parrot. 

McLean. ALEXANDER H., New York City: 
Black Angora Guinea Pig. 

ManANn, Lawrence, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York: 
Green Heron. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 12: 


Le 
Jt 


MarsHat, Mrs. H. P., New York City: 

Barbary Turtle-Dove (4 specimens). 

Metcuert, H., Hoboken, N. J.: 

Golden Agouti. 

Mitrrr,; C: F., East Orange, N. J-.: 

92 Water Snakes, 42 Garter Snakes, 7 Wood Turtles, 3 Spotted 
Turtles, 3 Muhlenberg’s Turtles, 5 Musk Turtles, 18 Painted Tur- 
tles, 12 Frogs, 17 Newts, I Salamander, 5 Ribbon Snakes, 44 Box 
Turtles, 24 Tadpoles, 32 Salt Marsh Frogs, 22 Pond Frogs, 2 
Blacksnakes, 3 Wood Frogs, 2 Leopard Frogs, 2 Red-Bellied 
Water Snakes, 3 Bull Frogs Total, 339 specimens. 

Miter, WILLIAM, New York City: 

Alligator. 

Mirsteap, R. H., Fishkill Village, N. Y.: 

Raccoon. 

MircHeL_, WitiiAM, Chief Engineer, S. S. “Kaiserin Auguste Victoria”: 

Box Tortoise. 

Morris, C. H., McConnelsville, Ohio: 
Great Blue Heron, Copperhead Snake 
MurpHy, THAppEuS, New York City: 

Alligator. 

Nerr, Harotp F., Bedford Park, New York City: 

Alligator (2 specimens). 

Nerr, Miss Harriett AGNEs, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 


Raccoon. 
Netson, Miss Orca, New York City: 
Sora Rail. 


Norton, Georce F., New York City: 
Glaucous Gull (2 specimens). 
O’Connor, Maurice. Brooklyn, New York City: 
Mexican Gray Fox. 
OsTRANDER, CarLos E., New York City: 
Spider Monkey. 
PEAVEY, Ropert W., Brooklyn, New York City: 
g Hog-Nosed Snakes, 2 Spotted Turtles, 1 Painted Turtle, 1 Milk 
Snake, 1 King Snake, 1 Ring Snake, 1 Ribbon Snake, 1 Bull 
Frog. Total, 17 specimens. 
Puri, ALtFrreD R., New York City: 
Box Tortoise. 
Post, Grorce A., Richmond Hill, Long Island, N. Y.: 
English Rabbit (2 specimens). 
RICHARDSON, JENNESS, New York City: 
1 Garter Snake, 1 Hog-Nosed Snake, 3 Spotted Turtles. 
Ries, Witt1AM, New York City: 
Texas Rattlesnake. 
Ritey, ArtHuR B., New York City: 
Wood Tortoise. 
ROCKEFELLER, WILLIAM, New York City: 
Sarus Crane. 
Ropverico, Miss Trrx1e, Hoboken, N. J.: 
African Rock Python. 
Roe, Mrs. THomas L., Patchogue, Long Island, N. Y.: 
Marmoset. 
RoosEvELt, S. M., New York City: 
Virginia Opossum (2 specimens). 
Runyon, E. W., New York City: 
Bushmaster. 
RiitHimnc, Dr. Henry H., New York City: 
; 1 Cumberland Terrapin, 2 Striped Snakes, 2 Pond Frogs. 


126 NEW YORK’ ZOOLOGICAL SOGIETY 


SAUNDERSON, Mr. and Mrs. Armar D., Tarrytown, N. Y.: 
2 Lion Cubs. 

Sawyer, E. J., Lincklaen Center, N. Y.: 
Red-Tailed Hawk. 

Scuavorr, Mrs. D. F., Stamford, Conn. : 
Brown Grackle. 

ScHNEIDER, J. H. ArtHUR, New York City: 
Virginia Opossum. 

ScHotter, E., New York City: 
Red-Shouldered Hawk. 

ScHOONHAVEN, Master Georce, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Alligator. 

SCHUHMACHER, ALBERT, New York City: 
Screech Owl. 

SearLEs, L. M., Portchester, N. Y.: 
Florida Gallinule. 

Seitz, Mrs. H., New York City: 
Tortoise. 

SHELDON, Mrs. R. S., New York City: 
Yellow Grass Parrakeet (4 specimens). 

SipneEy, Mrs. GeorcE, Point Pleasant, N. J.: 
Capuchin Monkey. 

SIEBRECHT, Henry AcKER, New Rochelle, N. Y.: 
Cotton-Headed Marmoset (2 specimens). 

SILVERBERG, Maurice, New York City: 
Alligator. 

SMEND, Dr., S. S. “Chemnitz”: 
Virginia Rail. 

SmitH, Howarp CAswetL, New York City: 
Japanese Waltzing Mice. 

Soares, Mr., New York City: 
Canary. 

SPERZEL, ELIzABETH, New York City: 
Ring Dove. 

Stewart, M. L., Fordham, New York City: 
Alligator. 

STocKWELL, Mrs. F. C., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Box Turtle. 

Sroxes, Mrs. Horace, Hackettstown, N. J.: 
White-Browed Amazon Parrot. 

Stone, Frep. A., New York City: 
Alaskan Black Bear. 

StrassMAN, Miss Dorotoy M., New York City: 
Box Turtle. 

STraTTon, Rev. K. M., Fishkill, N. Y.: 
Raccoon. 

STREETER, JR., D. D., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Pilot Blacksnake. 

SuLLIVAN, Mrs. M. F., New York City: 
Yellow-Fronted Amazon Parrot. 

Susser, Joun M., New York City: 
Great Horned Owl. 

SuxporF, CaptaIn, S. S. “Gunther”: 
Chopi Boat-Tail. 

Tarsies, Mrs. J., New York City: 
American Robin. 

Tarsox, Miss Cora I., Essex Junction, Vt.: 
Baltimore Oriole. 

Taytor, G. M., New York City: 
Tovi Parrakeet (2 specimens). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 127 


THUMMLER, Fritz, New York City: 
Tovi Parrakeet (2 specimens). 

Topp, Dr. A. S., Manning, S. C.: 
Blacksnake. 

TownseEnp, C. H., New York City: 
Northern Yellow-Throat. 

TRAVELLI, Mrs. CHARLES I., West Newton, Mass.: 
Purple Gallinule. 

Turner, Mrs. C. H., New York City: 
White-Fronted Amazon Parrot. 

Turner, Miss Emity, New York City: 
White-Fronted Amazon Parrot and Cage. 

Turner, J. L., Whitestone, Long Island, N. Y.: 
White Rat (2 specimens). 

UrBANSKI, Mrs. AGNES, New York City: 
White-Fronted Amazon Parrot, American Crow. 

VALLETTE, S. E., New York City: 
Java Monkey. 

VAN DER SMISSEN, Mrs. GILBert J., New York City: 
Alligator (2 specimens). 

Van TasseL, Mrs. H. C., Yonkers, N. Y.: 
Macaque Monkey. 

Van WICKEL, E. S., Sound Beach, Conn.: 
Red-Tailed Hawk. 

VoLLBERG, JOHN, New York City: 
Sparrow Hawk. 

WAGNER, GEORGE A., New York City: 
Snapping Turtle. 

WatsuH, MicHaeLt T., New York Citv: 
Tovi Parrakeet (2 specimens). 

Warp, R. E., New York City: 
Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot. 

Watts, M. H., New York City: 
Alligator (2 specimens). 

WELsH, JAcos, Fairmount, N. J.: 
Jumping Mouse. 

WEsL_eEy, Mrs., New York City: 
Tovi Parrakeet. 

WHITMAN, CLARENCE, Katonah, New York: 
3 Reeve’s Pheasants, 1 Golden Pheasant, 1 Silver Pheasant, 1 Am- 

herst Pheasant, 2 Ring-Necked Pheasants. Total, 8 specimens. 

WiepErRHOLD, Mrs. Max, New York City: 
Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrct. 

WItson, WittiAM S., New York City: 
Box Turtle. 

Wotorr, Mrs. A., New York City: 
Alligator. 

Work, Horace H., Madison, N. J.: 
White-Tailed Deer. 

ZANDER, Gustav, New York City: 
Diamond-Backed Rattlesnake. 

Zier, Mrs. M., New York City: 
Nighthawk. 


Gifts of Plants. 


Coueate, Mrs. S. F.,. Yonkers, N. Y.: 
2 large Seaforthia Palms. 

ZIEGLER, ESTATE OF WILLIAM, New York City (through Mr. W.S. Champ): 
1 large Fan Palm. 


128 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Miscellaneous List. 


Boutton, Buiss & Da.tett, Red D. S. S. Line, New York City: 

Transportation of 14 cages of animals from La Guayra, Venezuela, to 
New York. 

Passt BREWING ComPANY, New York City (through A. F. Stoeger) : 
10 empty kegs, for bears and elephants. 

THE WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CompaANy, New Haven, Conn. 

_ (through Winchester Bennett, Second Vice-President). 

Winchester Rifle, calibre 405, leather case and cartridges. 


Gifts to the Library. 


BEEBE, C. WittiaM, New York City: 
Ricerche Sulla Morfologia Dello Piuma. By Alessandro Ghigi. 
Exricu, Howarp, New York City: 
The Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society (London). 
~ Volume I, Quadrupeds; Volume II, Birds. 
HornapAy, WiLLiaAmM T., New York City: 
Camp-Fires on Desert and Lava. Hornaday. 
LAWRENCE, TOWNSEND, Flushing, Long Island, N. Y.: 
The Man-Eaters of Tsavo. Patterson. 
Osporn, Henry FairFietp, New York City: 
Evolution of Mammalian Molar Teeth. Osborn. 
Russ, Epwarp, Hoboken, N. J.: ; 
On Safari.—Big Game Hunting in British East Africa. Abel Chapman. 
Camps and Cruises of an Ornithologist. Frank M. Chapman. 
Across the Sub-Arctics of Canada. J. W. Tyrrell. 
Through the Mackenzie Basin. Charles Mair and R MacFarlane 
Report of the New Jersey State Museum for 1907—Mammals of New 
Jersey (3 copies). 
The Birds of New Jersey. 
Wack, Henry WeEtLIncton, New York City: 
The Story of the Congo Free States. H. W. Wack. 
Warp, RowLanp, London, England: 
The Game Animals of Africa. R. Lydekker. 


List of Gifts 


TOstnE NARONAL COLLECTION OF 
HEADS AND HORNS. 


(April IL 1908, to April i 1909. ) * 


Bituincs, F. S., Woodstock, Vt. : 
Big-Horn Mountain Sheep. Mounted head of lamb. 


BRADLEY, J. R.: 
Ibex. Mounted head. 


CAUGHNAWANA FISHING AND HuntTING Crus, of Quebec, Canada (through 
W. J. Buttfield, New York City) : 
Canadian Moose. Mounted head (65 inches spread). 


Disston, Jr., HENry, Philadelphia: 
Derby Eland, (Taurotragus derbianus). Male. Horns. 43 inches. 
(World’s record.) Also one smaller pair. 


Epwarps, Harry, Fairbanks, Alaska: 


2 Osborn Caribou. Antlers. 


FucueEt, Howarp, Philadelphia, Pa.: 
Black-Faced Caribou. Mounted head. 
Grizzly Bear Skull. 


GouLp, GEORGE J.: 
THE DONALDSON SMITH COLLECTION. 


INDIA. 


Sloth Bear, (Ursus labiatus). Mounted head. 
Indian Bison, or Gaur, (Bos gaurus). Mounted head. 
India Buffalo, (Bos arni). Mounted head. 

Tiger, (Felis tigris). Mounted head. 


AFRICA. 


African Elephant, (Elephas africanus). Pair of tusks. 
1 tusk 7 feet 5 inches; weight 108 pounds; 
I tusk 7 feet 3 inches; weight Ioo pounds. 
Ruppel’s Reedbuck, (Cervicapra bohore). Mounted head. 
Rhinoceros, (Rhinoceros bicornis). Mounted head. 
Colobus Monkey, (new species), (Colobus guereza poliura). Mounted. 
Warthog, (Phacochaerus africanus). Mounted head. 
Giraffe, (Giraffa camelopardalis neumanti). Mounted head. 
Speke’s Gazelle, (Gazella spekei). Mounted head. 
Topi Antelope, (Damaliscus jimela). 2 specimens: T head. 
Lelwel Hartebeest, (Bubalis lelwel). 2 specimens: head and skull 
and horns. 
Grevy Zebra, (Equus grevit). Mounted head. 
Dik-Dik Antelope, (Madoqua guntherii smithii). Mounted head. 
(Subspecies named in honor of Dr. Smith.) 
Defassa Waterbuck, (Cobus defassa stefanicus). Mounted head. 
Abyssinian Buffalo, (Bos equinoctialis). Mounted head. 


130 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Waller’s Gazelle, (Lithocranius walleri). 4 specimens: 3 heads, and 
I young specimen. 

Lesser Kudu, (Strepsiceros imberbis). Mounted head. 

Grant’s Gazelle, (Gazella grantii). Mounted head. : 

Bright’s Gazelle, (Gazella grantii brightii). 6 specimens: 1 head, 4 
pairs of horns, 1 female. 

Soemmering’s Gazelle, (Gazella soemmeringii). 7 specimens: I male 
mounted head, female skull and horns, 5 pairs of horns. 

Beisa, (Oryx beisa). 5 specimens: I female mounted head 1 male 
mounted head, 3 pairs of horns and skulls. 

African Black Rhinoceros, (Rhinoceros bicornis). 5 pairs of horns. 

Ee OU Ota (H. amphibius). 2 specimens: lower jaw, and pair of 
tusks. 

Swayne’s Hartebeest, (Bubalis swaynei). 3 specimens: skull and 
horns. 

Reedbuck, (Cervicapra redunca). Horns. 

Peter’s Gazelle, (Gazella petersi). Horns. 

Coke Hartebeest, (Bubalis coke). 

Thomson's Gazelle, (Gazella thomsonii). 2 specimens: female. 


Hart, FRANK, Doylestown, Pa.: 
Colorado Mule Deer. Skull and horns. 
Arabian Ibex. Skull and horns. 
Malayan Sambar Deer. Horns. 
Persian Wild Goat. Skull and horns. 
Japanese Sika Deer. Skull and horns. 
Grant’s Gazelle. Skull and horns. 
Tragelaphus. Skull and horns. 
Schomburgk’s Deer. Skull and horns. 
Siberian Roe. Skull and horns. 
Pampas Deer. Skull and horns. 
Clarke’s Gazelle. Horns. 
Sambar Deer. Horns. 


House, E. J. Pittsburgh; Pax: 
Atlantic Walrus. Young Bull. Mounted head. 
Rhinoceros. Mounted head. 
Burchell Zebra Mounted head. 
Grevy Zebra. Mounted head. 
Three-Horned Giraffe. Unmounted head. 
Osborn Caribou. Unmounted head 
Mountain Goat. Female. Unmounted head. 


Larnep, Epwarp P., Summit, N. J.: 
Atlantic Walrus. Skull of female. 


Lover, Sir Epmunp Gies, Leonardslea, England: 
Loder’s Gazelle (Gazella loderi). Male. 
Tibetan Shou, or Sikkim Stag, (Cervus affinis). Antlers. 


Maperra, Percy C., Philadelphia, Pa.: 
Hippopotamus. Female. Mounted head. 
Steinbuck. 2 unmounted heads. 

Zebra. Unmounted head. 
Oribi. Mounted head. 
Dik-Dik. Mounted head. 
Duiker. Two mounted heads. 
Hartebeest. Mounted head. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 131 


MiTcHELL, Hon. MAson, American Consul, Apia, Samoa: 
Snow Leopard. Skin rug. 
Clouded Leopard. Skin rug. 
Common Leopard. Skin rug. 
Mitchell's Lynx. Skin rug. 


Norton, Georce F., New York: 
1 Pair Tusks of Atlantic Walrus. 
1 Narwhal Tusk. 
Addax. Horns. 


Series of Panorama Photographs of scenery in Lower California. 


Puiuips, JOHN M., Pittsburgh, Pa.: 
Rocky Mountain Goat. Unmounted head. 


Potter, Witson, Philadelphia, Pa.: 
Big-Horn Mountain Sheep. Male. Mounted head. 
54 Photographs of scenery and mountain sheep in Lower California. 


RADCLYFFE, Percy, London, England: 
Marco Polo’s Sheep, (Ovis poli). Male. Unmounted head and horns. 


Runetus, Cart, Brooklyn: 
Wyoming Moose. Antlers and skull. 


SENFF, CHARLES H.: 
Interlocked Moose Antlers from Alaska. 


Wack, Henry WELLINGTON: 
Atlin Moose. Mounted head . 


Gifts to the Aquarium 


BorLENBURG, Master Seymour, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Snapping Turtle. 

Brown, C. E., Highland, Ulster Co., N. Y.: 
Mud Puppy. 

Bruce, E. K., Thornburg, Iowa: 
3 Mud Puppies, 13 Fancy Gold Fishes. 

Carr, CHRISTOPHER, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Painted Turtle. 

CHARLEBOIS, ALBERT, Hoboken, N. J.: 
Yellow-Bellied Terrapin. 

Criatr, Miss Acnges, New York City: 
Painted Turtle. 

Dauustrom, N. R. T., U. S. S. “Mayflower,” 
Painted Turtle. 

Davis, A. B., Wading River, L. I.: 
Two-year-old Brook Trout (19 specimens). 

Davis, WILLIAM, Staten Island, N. Y.: 
Collection of Water Beetles. 

Epertin, F. C., New York City: 
Young Alligator. 

EGERLAND, ALEXANDER, New York City: 
Young Alligator. 

Fay, Ricuarp S., Newark, N. J.: 
Young Alligator. 

FISHER, THEODORE, Staten Island, N. Y-: 
Blue Crab with Mussels attached to back and claw. 


Forest, FisH AND GAME Society (Sportsmen’s Show), New York City: 
13 Channel Catfish, 8 Mudfish, 7 Calico Bass, 11 Sunfish, 2 Brook 
Suckers, 9 Pike, 25 Rock Bass, 87 Brook Trout, 1 Lake Herring, 5 
Bullheads, 10 Burbot, 15 Wall-Eyed Pike, 40 Rudd, 17 Blue-Gilled 
Sunfish, 53 Short-Eared Sunfish, 4 Mirror Carp, 16 LargeMouthed 
Bass, 22 Yellow Perch, 3 Lake Whitefish. 
Foster, Joun S., New York City: 
Snapping Turtle. 
Foster, M. G., New York City: 
Mounted specimen of Tuna. 
Gatiup, Miss Anna B., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Young Alligator (4 specimens). 
GicNoux, The Misses Louise W. and Mirprep, New York City: 
Slider Terrapin. 
GotpsTEIN, Isaac, New York City: 
Spotted Turtle. 
GovuLpiInc, Harry, New York City: 
Painted Turtles (7 specimens). 
Grere, Master Frep., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Young Alligator (2 specimens). 
HazeE., WiLt1AM, New York City: 
Yellow-Bellied Slider. 
Hotgy, Messrs. Lewis, MorreL and Vernon, New Rochelle, N. Y.: 
Collection of Sea Anemones, Starfishes and Sea Squirts. 
Hussey, E. A., New York City: 
Young Alligator (2 specimens). 
Ketter, E. F., New York City: 
Striped Catfish from India. | 
KENNEDY, JoHN, Jr., New York City: 
Diamond-Backed Terrapin. 
Know es, E., New York City: 
Young Alligator. | 
Kuan, Joun C., New York City: 
Green Turtle. 
Lescu, JoHn, New York City: 
Box Turtles (4 specimens). 
Levy, Master L., New York City: 
Box Turtle. 
Levy, F. B., New York City: 
Spotted Turtle. 
Mack, Witi1aM, New York City: 
Fancy Gold Fishes (2 specimens). 
Mayer, Dr. A. G., Dry Tortugas, Florida: 
Collection of Land Crabs and young Loggerhead Turtles. 
Maywarp, Miss M. G., Orange, N. J.: 
Young Alligator. 


‘ 
| 
| 
Meyre, Diepricu, New York City: 


132 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY | 


Young Alligator. 
Murr, James, Hoboken, N. J.: 
Snapping Turtle. 

NewMaAN, E. W., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Diamond-Backed Terrapin. 
Nixicu, Nirvan, New York City: 

Painted Turtle. 


- 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 13: 


WY 
V~ 


Norter, CapraIn Nick, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Flounder. 
Pace, Mr. Brett, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Young Alligator. 
PaRADISE Brook Trout Co., Paradise, Pa.: 
5,000 Brook Trout Eggs. 
PuHiLiies, MAstER THomas, New York City: 
Spotted Turtles (2 specimens). 
Reccio, Rev. Louis, New York City: 
Box Tortoise. 
REDFIELD, MASTER Epwarp, Closter, N. J.: 
36 Salamanders, Wood Turtle. 
Rockwoop, Witt1Am H., New York City: 
‘2 Long-Eared Sunfish, 4 Yellow Perch, 3 Shiners, 1 Short-Eared 
Sunfish. 
Sacer, Mr., New York City: 
1 Black Bass, 3 Sunfish. 
Scott, Cuartes A., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Young Alligator. 
SEGNINE, FLEETWOOD, New York City: 
Painted Turtle. 
Srncer, Gus, New York City: 
Young Alligator. 
Smiru, A. J.. New York City. 
Alligator. 
St. Joun, Mr., New York City: 
Mantis Shrimp (2 specimens). 
STRASBURGER, J., New York City: 
Young Alligator. 
SULLIVAN, JoHN, New York City: 
Young Alligator. 
TayLor, WiLLiAM, New York City: 
Box Turtles (2 specimens). 
TrRUSHEIM, ALBERT, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Box Turtle. 
Tutte, H. A., Centerport, Long Island, N. Y.: 
Specimens of Oyster attached to pipe. 
TuxeEpo Cius, Tuxedo, New York (through Mr. E. C. Kent): 
Steelhead Trout (1,000 specimens). 
U. S. FisHertes Bureau, Washington, D. C.: 
10,000 Trout Eggs, 1,000,000 White Fish Eggs, 20,000 Quinnat Salmon 
Eggs, 1,000,000 Pike Perch, collection of Fresh-Water Mussels 
from Mississippi River. 
WERNICcH, JosEPH, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Painted Turtle. 
Wacner, R., New York City: 
Painted Turtle. 
Watsu, Joun, Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Box Turtle. 
Warren, Dr. Joun, New York City: 
Young Alligator (2 specimens). 
Youne, Mrs. E. N., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Young Alligator (2 specimens). 


134 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOGIERY 


Gitts to Aquarium Library 


CARNEGIE INsTITUTION, Washington, D. C.: 
Handbook of Learned Societies. 


HarcitT, Pror. CHARLES W., Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y.: 
Pamphlets on Zoology. 


Hoen, Messrs. A., & Co., Baltimore, Md.: 
16 Colored Plates of Fishes of North Carolina. 
New Jersey STATE Museum (through S. R. Morse, Curator), Trenton, 
Ne JE: 
Report, New Jersey State Museum. 
New York Forest, FisH AND GAME ComMMiIssIon (through Hon. J. S. 
Whipple, Commissioner), Albany, N. Y.: 
Report, New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission. 
ParKER, Pror. G. H., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. : 
Pamphlets on Zoology. 
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C.: 
Reports and other Publications for 1908. 
StaTE GEOoLociIst, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 
Fishes of North Carolina, Smith; Oyster Culture in North Carolina. 
TownseEnp, C. H., New York City: 
The Aquarium—H. D. Butler. | 
U. S. Fisueries Bureau (through Hon. George M. Bowers, Commis- 
sioner), Washington, D. C.: 
Reports and other Publications for 1908. 
WInGATE, Harotp, Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.: 
Proceedings of Academy of Sciences. 


Purchases 


BrrLtEM, Mrs. Frep. A., Cranberry Isles, Maine: 
Large Lobster. 

Kwno.zi, Louis, & Son, New York City: 
Turtles (6 specimens). 

McDona_p, Mrs. JANET, Bayville, Maine: 
Harbor Seals (4 specimens). 


Moweray, L. L., Hamilton, Bermuda—Tropical Fishes from Bermuda: 

1 Red Grouper, 42 Nassau Grouper, 16 Pig Fish, 2 Hogfish, 2 Spiny 
Lobster, 53 Hinds, 8 Princess Rock Fishes, 4 Common Rock 
Fishes, 2 Salmon Rock Fishes, 1 Tiger Rock Fish, 5 Cubbyu, 3 
Locust Lobsters, 41 Striped Grunts, 32 Yellow Grunts, 1 White 
Grunt, 1 Butterfly Fish, 21 Trigger-fishes, 1 Queen Trigger-fish, 
82 Four Eves, 4 Yellow Tails, 5 Gray Snappers, 1 Spot Snapper, 
10 Cow Fishes, 25 Trunk Fishes, 12 Spotted Morays, 1 large 
Green Moray, 2 small Green Morays, 71 Squirrel, 1 Porcupine, 
136 Angel Fishes, 1 Iridio, 25 Coneys, 4 Octopus, 46 Surgeon 
Fishes, 4 Blue Tang, 3 Brown Parrots, 21 Green Parrot-fishes, 
24 Mud Parrot-fishes, 9 Red-Finned Parrot-fishes, 5 Blue Parrot- 
fishes, 6 Parrot-fishes, 2 Lady Fishes, 1 Graysby, 9 Sergeant 
Majors, 1 Bream. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 1 


ot) 
Or 


PISACANO, JoHN, New York City: 
3 dozen Crayfishes. 
SAUNDERS, CHARLES, New York City: 
Hawkbill Turtle. 
SMITH, WALTER T., New York City: 
400-pound Green Turtle. 
STANLEY, STEVE, New York City: 
Horseshoe Crab. 
STEAMER “ANGLER.”—Collections from the “fishing banks” off the New 
Jersey Coast: 
44 Prickly Skate, 12 Smooth Dogfish, 33 Horned Dogfish, 17 Sea 
Ravens, 9 Sea Robins, 62 Mutton Fish, 68 Sculpin, 34 Cunners, 
114 Swell Fish, 55 Blackfish, 9 Anglers, 2 Fluke, 9 Barndoor Skate, 
13 Codfish, 2 Trigger-fish, 12 Hake, 22 Whiting, 1 Yellow Sea 
Raven, 1 Conger Eel, 8 Sea Bass, 1 File Fish, 7 Bait Bugs, 2 Blue 
Crabs, 4 Starfish, 2 Lobster, 9 specimens Sea Plant, 2 pieces 
of Coral, 2 bunches Horse Mussels, 2 Lady Crabs. 
Tityou, GeorcE C., Coney Island, New York: 
Sea Lions (2 specimens). 
WILInSKI, J. J., Brooklyn, N. Y.: 
Large Lobster. 
Wi son, Georce C., Belmar, N. J.: 
840-pound Leatherback Turtle. 
Woo:tey, JoHN, Ocean Grove, N. J.: 
Porpoises (2 specimens). 


Exchanges 


DeEtroIT AQUARIUM, Detroit, Mich.: 
1 Fresh-Water Sheepshead, 13 Whitefish, 1o Burbot, 7 Mudfish, 1 
Crayfish, 6 Suckers, 1 Bullhead, 5 Long-Jawed Gar, 1 Short-Jawed 
Gar, 11 Necturus, 13 Rock Bass, 10 Pike Perch, 10 Quill-Back, 8 
Sauger Pike, 6 Stone Rollers, 15 Red Horse Suckers, 1 Yellow 
Perch, 2 Short-Eared Sunfish, lot of young Gold Fishes. 
Tuxepo CLus, Tuxedo, New York: 
14 Landlocked Salmon, 15 Steelhead Trout. 


‘yIevq [BOIBo0[OoZ ey} UL psley oY} WosJ satvu oY} JO 9UO 
“6061 NI LVOD NIVINNOW AMOOU 


RevOkRD WOR THE VETERINARIAN. 
By W. REID BLAIR, D.V.S. 


HE general health of the animals during the past year has 

been well maintained, and the death-rate kept well within 
what we must consider the normal for our collections. There 
have been the usual number of interesting medical and surgical 
cases among the animals during the year; and two cases of rheu- 
matism, owing to their severity, are worthy of special mention. 

Rheumatism.—The first case was that of the male African 
rhinoceros, which early in April was noticed to be in ill-health. 
He ceased to take any exercise and was found to be lying down 
a great deal of the time, and when urged to move would do so 
with slow, stiff and painful movements. The disease seemed to 
be localized in the joints; the knees and hocks being simultane- 
ously attacked, and the suffering of the animal was intense. After 
a few days’ illness he would lie constantly on his side, and when 
any attempt was made to disturb him he would groan with pain, 
and could gain his feet only with great effort. Under pressure, 
all the joints were very painful and much swollen. The skin 
over and surrounding the articulations was red, dry and hard; 
the mucous membranes of the nostrils and mouth congested, and 
the eyeballs greatly injected. 

This animal was given salol in one dram doses, twice daily, 
for about a week, but without marked benefit. This drug was 
then discontinued, and salicylate of sodium substituted, with the 
result that the animal showed almost immediate relief from the 
beginning. Improvement continued for three weeks, when entire 
recovery had taken place. 

While this was a very striking case, still we have had equally 
good results in other cases of rheumatism by the administration of 
this drug. 

The Altai wapiti has had several attacks of rheumatism, usually 
coming on in late fall or early winter. Two years ago salol 
relieved this animal very promptly, but in the two last attacks it 
was apparently of no benefit, while gradual relief was afforded by 
the administration of the salicylate compounds. From our expe- 
rience it appears that the secret of success with salicylate of 
sodium, and the salicylate compounds generally, lies in the speedy 
saturation of the system with the drug, rather than its moderate 


138 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


and continuous administration. If the salicylate of sodium fails 
to relieve or give improvement after a few days’ use, there is 
good reason to believe that the case is not one of genuine rheu- 
matism. 

Osteomalacia or Cage Paralysis—Very few cases of this dis- 
ease have occurred in the Primate collection during the past 
year, although several animals received as gifts were found to be 
in the secondary stages of the disease, and, being unfit for exhibi- 
tion, were consequently destroyed. 

Rickets——While osteomalacia is a resoftening of the bones oi 
mature animals in consequence of absorption of the lime salts, 
rickets, on the contrary, arises from the bones of young ani- 
mals remaining soft owing to deficient calcification. Notwith- 
standing an extensive study of both these conditions, we are 
as yet unable to sufficiently clear up many of the puzzling charac- 
ters, and determine definitely the relationship between the two 
diseases. 

Rickets is seen among young lions, leopards, wolves, baboons, 
marmosets and other South American monkeys; and in many 
small mammals, as opossums, badgers and skunks. 

Probably the chief cause of the disease as seen among wild 
animals, is the deficiency, of lime and phosphorus in the food. 
The disease has recently been artificially produced in young dogs, 
pigs, goats and sheep, by continuously feeding them on food that 
was poor in lime salts, and these results are fully confirmed from 
clinical observation and practice. Finally, the fact that animals 
suffering from rickets are greatly improved or permanently 
cured by an increased supply of lime in the food, strengthens 
the theory that deficiency of lime is one of the chief causes of the 
disease. 

The development of rickets is a slow process, requiring 
usually several months. While there does not seem to be an abso- 
lute constancy in the lesions, aside from the bone alterations, 
there is usually a period of ill-health and faulty nutrition before 
any changes in the bones can be recognized. 

Among young lion cubs one of the first symptoms observed 
is an awkward, painful gait. The body sways from side to side 
in walking, and the animal is easily wearied, or found lacking in 
endurance. It lies down most of the time, and may even per- 
sistently refuse to get up and exercise. The ends of the bones 
enlarge near the joints, and the animal walks on the outside ot 
the foot-pad, owing to partial flexion of the joints. Later on the 
long bones show signs of bowing; and this is seen principally in 
the radius and ulna. The back deviates from a straight line. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 139 


Either it is arched, with the dorsal vertebre prominent, or the 
back may be depressed, giving a hollow or saddle-back appear- 
ance to the animal. Growth is greatly retarded, and often the 
animal remains dwarfed. 

Rickets in monkeys is shown by great unthriftiness. The hair 
is dry, rough and faded, and the skin shows a predisposition to 
eczema. The back is arched and the bones prominent. There is 
swelling of the joints, particularly of the wrist, elbow and knee; 
the ends of the ribs are enlarged and the chest caved in. Bron- 
chitis, indigestion and skin irritations appear, and, if not relieved, 
the animal continues in a state of malnutrition, and soon dies. 

In the small mammals rickets is manifested by bony enlarge- 
ments at the joints, and by button-like thickenings at the union of 
the ribs and costal cartilages; and curvature of the extremities 
with the hind legs flexed tightly under the body. The animals lie 
huddled up a great deal of the time, and when made to move do 
so with slow, painful movements. 

Rickets may be mistaken for acute muscular rheumatism, but it 
must be remembered that rickets is a slow and gradually develop- 
ing disease, while rheumatism comes on suddenly. In rheumatism 
there is no bulging and bending of the bones, and unless in the 
chronic form there are no enlargements at the joints. 

In prevention and treatment alike, fresh air and dry quarters 
are absolutely necessary. Lime water, small doses of phosphate 
of soda or bone dust act beneficially as tonics as well as food 
material. For the carnivorous animals daily doses of cod-liver 
oil, given over a long period, is also of great value. Practically 
all cat animals will take this oil, smeared over meat, and in many 
cases will lap the clear oil from a pan with great relish. The 
other substances being practically tasteless no difficulty is ex- 
perienced in administering them to any animal with the food. 

Gastro-Enteritis—The number of deaths from gastro-enteritis 
diminish each year, and during the past year no important large 
mammal died from this disease. In the buffalo herd, which has 
heretofore been the greatest sufferer from this disease, the only 
death to be recorded is that of a very old cow which had been a 
chronic sufferer from gastro-enteritis for the past five years. 
Among the animals on Mountain Sheep Hill there has been but 
few cases of gastro-enteritis. A number of acute cases developed 
during the late summer and early autumn, but by their prompt 
removal to the hospital, or Small-Deer House, for treatment they 
have ail recovered. The male mouflon, which has had no less than 
five severe attacks of gastro-enteritis, has been kept in the Small- 


140 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Deer House during the past year, and is now in fine condition. 
The same is true of a number of other animals. 

Pneumoma.—Fewer cases of pneumonia were seen during the 
past year than formally, although this was found as a frequent 
complication in animals suffering from distemper, tuberculosis or 
enteritis. 

From our investigation of pneumonia, and clinical experience, 
we are convinced that a large number of the pneumonic cases 
which we meet with are due to a mixed infection, although the 
specific organisms have not been definitely determined. It would 
appear that the germs of pneumonia are not the same in all cases 
of the disease, and for all genera of animals. A spherical or oval 
coccus, arranged in pairs or short chains of four or more, as 
well as a short rod-shaped bacillus with rounded ends, occurring 
in pairs, are fairly constantly present. No animal inoculations 
with these organisms have been made to determine their degree 
of virulence. 

Tuberculosis—Outside the Primate collection no cases of 
tuberculosis have occurred during the past year. Our large 
chimpanzee “Soko,” which had lived in the Park for about six 
years, died of generalized tuberculosis. Chimpanzee “August,” 
another old inmate of the Primate House, died from acute 
tubercular pneumonia. This latter animal was a chronic sufferer 
from bronchitis, and on two occasions was seriously ill with 
broncho-pneumonia, but he rallied well in both instances and 
made good recoveries. Other cases of tuberculosis occurred in 
the smaller monkeys. 

During the past year I have used the “Calmette Eyetest’’ for 
the detection of occult tuberculosis in monkeys. While as yet 
my observations have not been extensive, still it appears to be a 
most reliable method of detecting obscure cases of lymphatic 
tuberculosis. The test was applied to a chimpanzee which had 
just arrived, and the animal gave a typical reaction in six hours. 
It lived several weeks and on autopsy showed extensive lymphatic 
tuberculosis, the lungs being only moderately affected. 

Since the lymphatic form of tuberculosis is the most difficult to 
detect, this method, if future results are as successful as we hope, 
will be of the greatest value to us in eliminating tuberculosis 
from our collections. 

Distemper.—A few cases of this disease have occurred among 
the small mammals during the year, but with isolation of the 
infected animals and disinfection of the cages, the disease was 
promptiy controlled. A pair of Australian wild dogs, recent 
arrivals from the National Zoological Park, contracted the dis- 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 141 


ease. They were removed to the hospital cages, where one died, 
the other making a good recovery without nervous symptoms 
remaining. 

Of all the diseases with which we have to contend, distemper 
is the most insidious, and the most fatal, and on account of the 
large number of species susceptible to this affection, every small 
mammat which arrives at the Park is viewed with suspicion for 
two weeks or more. Distemper is universally prevalent through- 
out the country, and is rarely absent for any length of time from 
the channels of transportation and animal exchanges, and to 
make the problem of control all the more difficult it is impossible 
to determine the medium through which the infection reaches our 
animals. For these reasons great precautions are necessary. 

Bronchial Filaria and Rainey’s Corpuscles.—Ilt is now several 
years since either of these conditions have been found in the 
animals of the elk herd. The health of this collection has never 
been so satisfactory as at the present time. The same is true 
of the red deer and Asiatic deer herds. 

Unusual Cause of Death.—An unusual cause of death was dis- 
covered in the female black leopard which died on September Io. 
At feeding time this animal and its cage mate quarreled over the 
pieces of meat which were thrown into the cage. The keeper 
reported that the male leopard fought for the meat which the 
female had in her mouth, chasing her through the passage to the 
outside cage, and he noticed that the male returned almost im- 
mediately with the meat in his mouth. After the keeper had fed 
the rest of the animals he took a piece of meat and proceeded to 
the outside cage to give it to the female leopard. Not finding her 
out there he investigated further, and finally found her in the 
sleeping box, dead. 

The autopsy which followed showed the cause of death to bea 
piece of beef, five inches long and three-fourths of an inch thick, 
firmly lodged in the upper part of the windpipe and larynx, which 
the animal in her haste to swallow drew into the windpipe and 
was unable to dislodge, thereby causing asphyxiation. 

Among the other unusual causes of deaths were the following: 
Sarcomatous growth attached to the spleen, weighing 834 pounds, 
in Eskimo dog “Bridge”; Trawmatic peritonitis in an aoudad ; 
Pericarditis and cysticerci in a Baker’s roan antelope; generalized 
infection with Cysticerci in a chamois; septic metritis in a buffalo 
cow; and foxic gastro-enteritis in a guanaco. 

Injuries—There were a number of deaths as a result of un- 
avoidable accidents, among them a young beatrix antelope, which 
suffered compound comminuted fractures of both fore legs and 


142 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


had to be chloroformed. A young black-buck antelope broke its 
neck by rushing violently against the corral fence. A young 
buffalo heifer was gored to death by one of the other animals in 
the herd. There were a number of the smaller animals killed by 
cage mates. 

As a part of my report I append a tabulated statement showing 
the causes of the deaths among the mammals of the Zoological 
Park during the past year. 


LIST SHOWING CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG MAMMALS 
DURING 1908. 


= 2 = ro S} s =a 

Bb TOP $9" [et et aes = 

PHEUMO NIA. 2o.aseate ee ee once saae ap eeee ee Bal oalt ovr) cabal ae | 20 
Gastro-enteritist ss... seers esse ceo Zeca oe, fal mania | 15 
Malnutrition and Atrophy.............../ Sa secose Tt} os ks i 
Killed, by Cage Mates).05..22..:...-2- Ras oe RA ee al aa ee | 10 
Quarantine (died or destroyed),........ G4) sees coal aeeeeatee aa! | 10 
PAD EnewlOsis. 22a.) <s.ccsecsendeeeese ss saeaes |, "Ob la. cyaltbessots~ncaalcueseelbnes as 9 
Distemper?i-c. pcscs..psvccsvcnsccsasoesceoseseralodses Gi leeses Ds |Sossealecsens 8 
RACK tsi 0a: eo 2 cusmen ss coneet eacectbese se ceoees OD: |acde'gs| te acccbeasten Sleceees 6 
Cage: Paralysis 7.4... si.0cc-sszesecodessee-csns 2 ie eee ee Peers Rene ced (sk 4 
SS bl=DOrnes e ssstn eau n oka aa eee iW eee Av | asec eect eae 5 
Parasitic: Materitiss,..2.s.s.c0scssesncsae 7 ida ee De |ereese| seests| ico cest 3 
Wie PLIES eis ececc henwevt canes eousee eee eee 1h West ate Uy ES (eee: 3 
Hepatitis and Jaundice..,................. i By Plea lap eeerees Bras Mere ee 2 
Degeneration and Dilation of Heart..)...... UD | Sseccs|aerses| sence ceoees 1 
Pericarditis and Myocarditis..:......... |....0+|s<:«0 | eee Beers bine 1 
Intestinal’ Obstruction -4-.eeeeeee | se ccael oocewelllswenee TE Becsea bksbor 1 
Tapeworm (Cysts... css.cssssscsscesseeeuoneses We ea is aera Peres eee 1 
Stramoplation-<0s 2a. sen eel ae oe 1s Mcsaeel 2. thleees ee 
Pune is eh O1sOnine cease co reee ee enoes nosed saree | ead) reciecrs siseenel ewes | 1 
Septic: Metritis.s. 9. areeme” teeta al Peo (een ett ee 
Unclassimed  si.< ececacease ces Seger ol| eee sees yes Rae 2 
No Lesions to account for death.,...... | 2 1 arcee 4 sh 8 
MOtall <osahesadane esse etanate seven tens 48 | 22 | 00 | 26 | 65), 4r)e aes 


Respectfully submitted, 
W. Rei Brarr, D.V.S., 


V eterinarian. 


LIST OF BIRDS NOW OR LATELY LIVING IN 
THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK, 


January, Igog. 


Glass AVES. Birds. 


Order RHEIFORMES, Rhea-like Birds. 


Family RueraeE, Rheas. 


Gammon: hea). 2254/5 30.<.0 6% Rhea americana (Linn.). 
Whites HUNG ae eer oc )e 350 Rhea americana (Linn.) var. 
Great-billed Rhea ........ Rhea macrorhyncha Scl. 


Order STRUTHIONIFORMES, Ostrich-like Birds. 


Family STRUTHIONIDAE, Ostriches. 
North African Ostrich ....Struthio camelus Linn. 
Somali-land Ostrich ...... Struthio molybdophanes Reichen. 
South African Ostrich ....Struthio australis Gurney. 


Order CASUARIIFORMES, Cassowary-like Birds. 


Family DroMarIps£, Emeus. 


EIN C tides eae ne tie eta Dromaeus novae-hollandiae Lath. 


Family CAsSUARITDAE, Cassowaries. 


Ceram Cassowary ........ Casuarius casuarius (Linn.). 
Violet-necked Cassowary ..Casuarius viollicollis Rothsc. 
One-wattled Cassowary ...Casuarius uniappendiculatus Blyth. 
Bennett Cassowary ....... Casuarius bennetti Gould. 


Order TINAMIFORMES, Tinamou-like Birds. 


Family T1inamipakE, Tinamous. 
FULOUS “LinamoOl®. Ss .°.\ss.<'s Rhynchotus rufescens (Temm.). 
Crested: Eimamow 5..<. 2/22 Calopezus elegans (D’Orb. & 
Geoffr.). 


144 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Order GALLIFORMES, Fowl-like Birds. 
Sub-Order Megapodii. 


Family Mrcapoprpa£, Brush Turkeys. 
Brash Durkey, 217.2... Catheturus lathami (Lath.). 


Sub-Order Craces. 


Family Cracipi&, Curassows and Guans. 


@rested= C@urassow 2...)1er. <r Crax alector Linn. 
Banded Curassow ........ Crax fasciolata Spix. 
Globose Curassow ........ Crazx globicera Linn. 
Panama Curassow ....... Crax panamensis Grant. 
Venezuelan Curassow ..... Crax daubentoni Gray. 
Razor-billed Curassow ....Mitua mitu (Linn.). 
Lesser Razor-billed 

Curassow ...........Mitua tomentosa (Spix.). 
Purplishy Guan: vo-s.c ac |. Penelope purpurascens Wagl. 
Crested (Guan emcee Penelope cristata (Linn.). 
Bolivian (Guam sj-<. 20): Penelope boliviana Bonap. 


Red-tailed Chachalaca ....Ortalis ruficauda (Jard.). 
White-breasted Chachalaca.Ortalis albiventris (Wagl.). 
Northern Chachalaca ..... Ortalis vetula maccalli Baird. 
Chattering Chachalaca ....Ortalis garrula (Humb.). 


Sub-Order Phasiani. 


Family TETRAONIDAE, Ptarmigan and Grouse. 


Willow) Ptarmigan . 22 320.:: Lagopus lagopus (Linn.). 
White-tailed Ptarmigan ...Lagopus leucurus (Swains & Rich.). 
Black-cocktt gists soe eis Lyrurus tetrix (Linn.). 

Capercaillle” 7. a cee Tetrao urogallus Linn. 

Prairie: shlens ite seer Tympanuchus americanus (Reich.). 
RuffedsGrouse yc. . ae. se Bonasa umbellus (Linn.). 


Family PHastanrpak, Partridges, Pheasants, and Peacocks. 


Chukar Red-legged 


ATUIGI Cy. 5.< opsyaiees oie Caccabis chukar Gray. 
Painted ‘Francoliani =)... 3: F'rancolinus pictus (J. & S.). 
Gray Erancolim® 43.7.7... Francolinus pondicerianus (Gmel.). 
Vermiculated Francolin ...Pternistes cranchi (Leach). 


Abyssinian Francolin ..... Pternistes infuscatus Cab. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 145 


European Partridge ...... Perdix perdix (Linn.). 
Huropean! Quail)... 4... 2. Coturnia coturnia (Linn.). 
vain Cheats eos ecsgs a) co a Coturnix coromandelica (Gmel.). 
Chinese Painted Quail ....KHacalfactoria chinensis (1inn.). 
Satyra Crimson-horned 

dl Berge eo) OY 0 WR a a Tragopan satyra (Linn.). 
Temminck Horned 

BPA FOPANK c. 4G.) .nnc8 onske Tragopan temmincki (J. E. Gray). 
Cabot. Tragopan’ o.2.:. 6... Tragopan caboti (Gould). 


Impeyan Moonal Pheasant. Lophophorus impeyanus Lath. 
Siamese Fire-backed 


iBheasantieretec crs sac Diardigallus diardi Bonap. 
Manchurian Eared 

Pheasant, «sr. . sei ae Crossoptilum manchuricum Swinh. 
Black-crested Nepal 

Pheasant.« in. as.0 60s Gennaeus leucomelanus (Lath.). 
Melanotus Pheasant ...... Gennaeus melanonotus (Blyth). 
Anderson: Pheasant ....... Gennaeus andersoni (Elliot). 
Lineated Pheasant ....... Gennaeus lineatus (Vig.). 
Silver Pheasant ..........Gennaeus nycthemerus (Linn.). 
Swinhoe Pheasant ........ Gennaeus swinhoei Gould. 
English Pheasant ........ Phasianus colchicus Linn. 
White Pheasant ..... _..Phasianus colchicus Linn. var. 
Ring-necked Pheasant ....Phasianus torquatus Gmel. 
English Ring-necked 

Rheasanty eact soo. 4 Phasianus colchicustorquatus. 
Satschen Ring-necked 

Be ac atten tcusies oo choc Phasianus satscheunensis Przey. 
Versicolor Pheasant ....... Phasianus versicolor Vieill. 
Soemmering Pheasant ..... Phasianus soemmerringii Temm. 
Reeves: Pheasant © 52...4: Syrmaticus reevesi Gray. 
Rihotibheasant. 22. A224). Calophasis elliott (Swinh.). 
GoldensPheasant. ....45.- Chrysolophus pictus (Linn.). 
Acberst Pheasant. ... 2. =. Chrysolophus amherstiae Leadb. 
Redwuncle Pow sey. $124. Gallus gallus (Winn.). 
BohishthOwh <Scc2/e.4p-.0c0a0% Gallus domesticus. 
Rexcockee Pheasant 2c)... Polyplectrum germaini Elliot. 
imotanePeacoels sos 6.112 2. Pavo cristatus Linn. 
White Indian Peacock ....Pavo cristatus Linn. var. 
Black-winged Peacock ....Pavo nigripennis Scl. 


Javan Peacock .......-2-. Pavo muticus Linn. 


146 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Family NuMIDIDAE, Guinea Fowl. 


Wild Guinea Fowl ....... Numida meleagris Linn. 
Abyssinian Guinea Fowl ...Numida ptilorhyncha Licht. 
Vulturine Guinea Fowl ....Acryllium vulturium (Hardw.). 


Family MeLeacripak, Turkeys. 
Wild Turkey ............Meleagris gallopavo silvestris 
(Vieill.). 
Family OponTtorHoRIDAE, New World Quail. 


Gray-headed Tree-part- 


1s ofa sehr tee BORN ic Dendrortyz barbatus Licht. 
Scaled Quail (=. 2225: sac Callipepla squamata (Vig.). 
Plumed -Quaily ee ese Oreortyx pictus plumiferus (Gould). 
Califormias@Quail’ s..425..5< Lophortyx californicus (Shaw). 
Gambel#Quail a. ita. Lophortyx gambelii (Gambel). 
Douglas. @Qirailey airs soak Lophortyx douglasi (Doug.). 
Curacao Crested Quail..... Eupsychortyx cristatus (Linn.). 
Bob=white 05 opiccnas- pone Colinus virginianus virginianus 

(Linn: ): 

Jamaica Bob-white........ Colinus virginianus (Linn.) var. 
Texan, Bob=white... 3... 2. Colinus virginianus texanus (Lawr.). 
Florida Bob-white ........ Colinus floridanus Coues. 
Cuban’ Bob-white- 25-3... Colinus cubanensis Gould. 
Montezuma Quail ........ Cyrtonyx montezumae (Vig.). 


Order COLUMBIFORMES, Pigeons and Doves. 


Family TRERONTDAE, Fruit Pigeons. 


Banded: Fruit: Pigeon’. :-~. Ptilopus fasciatus Peale. 


Family CoLuMBIDAE, the Rock Dove and others. 


Rock Doves: Fee 6 aaa Columba livia Bonn. 
Pouter:Pigeonte.. 3-27 Columba livia Bonn. var. 
Fan-tailed Pigeon ......-. Columba livia Bonn. var. 

Jacobin (Pigeon 2400-44). Columba. livia Bonn. var. 
Curacao Doves... te ai~ Columba gymnophthalma Temm. 
Spotted Piceon: =... = 0 Columba arquatrix 'Temm. 
White-crowned Pigeon ....Columba leucocephala Linn. 
Caribbean Dove’ .i2<.. <2. Columba caribaea Linn. 


Band-tailed Pigeon ....... Columba fasciata Say. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 147 


Family Preristeripa£, Turtle and Ground Doves. 


Mourning Dove iyi. 2 oi: < ok Zenaidura macroura carolinensis 
(Linn. ). 

Ga WOVE seas 5 Sse ns « Zenaida zenaida (Bonap.). 

Venezuela Dove- . 3)... <i. Zenaida vinaceo-rufa Ridgw. 

White-winged Dove .......1 Melopelia asiatica (Linn.). 

European Turtle Dove ....Turtur turtur (Linn.). 

Oriental Turtle Dove ..... Turtur orientalis (Lath.). 

Barbary Turtle Dove ....Streptopelia risoria (Linn.). 


Half-collared Turtle Dove.Streptopelia semitorquata (Rupp.). 
Changeable Turtle Dove. ..Streptopelia ambigua (Boc.). 


Cape; Lurtle Dove ...<.. Streptopelia capicola (Finsch.). 

Vinaceous Turtle Dove....Streptopelia vinacea (Gmel.). 

Chinese Purtle Dove: <...: Spilopelia chinensis (Scop.). 

Senegal Turtle Dove ..... Stigmatopelia senegalensis (Linn.). 

ibarrede WOVE «Saas Aes cis s Geopelia striata (Linn.). 

Mauser Dove = 234.0255: xs Geopelia maugaei (Temm.). 

Graceful Ground Dove....Geopelia cuneata (Lath.). 

Sealvge Woven iaenehwoloesse Scardafella squamosa (Temm. & 
Knip.). 

iimCam DOVE screens ics ns Scardafella inca (Less.). 

Common Ground Dove ....Columbigallina passerina terrestris 
Chapm. 

Mexican Ground Dove ....Columbigallina passerina pallescens 
(Baird). 

Bahama Ground Dove ..... Columbigallina bahamensis 
Maynard. 

Pygmy Ground Dove...... Columbigallina minuta (Linn.). 

Long-tailed Namaqua Dove Oena capensis (Linn.). 

Bronze-spotted Dove ..... Chalcopelia afra (Linn.). 

Green-winged Dove ...... Chalcophaps indica (Linn.). 

Plumed Quail-Dove ...... Lophophaps leucogaster Gould. 

Australian Crested Pigeon. .Ocyphaps lophotes (Temm.). 

Red-underwing Dove ..... Leptoptila rufazilla (Rich.). 

White-breasted Dove ..... Leptoptila jamaicensis (Linn.). 

Ruddy Quail-Dove ....... Geotrygon montana (Linn.). 

Key West Quail Dove ..... Geotrygon chrysia Bonap. 

Bleeding-heart Pigeon ....Phlogonas luzonica (Scop.). 

Wonga-wonga Pigeon ..... Leucosarcia picata (Lath.). 


Blue-headed Quail-Dove ..Starnoenas cyanocephala (Linn.). 
INicobar,Pigeon 3-122). 5%)... Caloenas nicobarica (Linn.). 


148 NEW ;YORK: ZOOEOGIGCAL “SOCIETY 
Family GouripAz, Crowned Pigeons. 


Great Crowned Pigeon ....Goura coronata (Linn.). 
Victoria Crowned Pigeon..Goura victoria (Fraser ). 


Order RALLIFORMES, Rails, Gallinules, and Coots. 


Family Ratuipaz, Rails, Gallinules, and Coots. 


Clappergivalles tinue ee Rallus crepitans Gmel. 

Wireimia vals asi easier: Rallus virginianus Linn. 
Cayenne Wood-Rail ...... Aramides cayanea (Miill.). 
Wipacahay Warle ss Aramides ypacaha (Vieill.). 
Wrekacail 2 a2). .:'5 cus o-n ceonsre Ocydromus australis (Sparrm.). 
Sora or Carolina Rail...... Porzana carolina (Linn.). 

Little Black Gallinule..... Limnocorax niger (Gmel.). 
PloridaiGallinule: 272202. 5.' Gallinula galeata Bonap. 
Purple {|Gallinulle is sat) Tonornis martinica (Linn.). 
Sultana, Gallinule:: = 252... Porphyrio porphyrio (Linn.). 
Gray-headed Gallinule ....Porphyrio poliocephalus (Lath.). 
Black-backed Gallinule ....Porphyrio melanonotus 'Temm. 
Americal (COOb= s,. 6. cet as Fulica americana Gmel. 


Order PODICIPEDIDIFORMES, Grebes. 


Family Popicrpipan, Grebes. 


HornedGrebes. .2..-.c)acer Dytes auritus (Linn.). 
HolboelltGrebe ee 55 Lophaethyia holboelli (Reinh.). 
Pied-billed Grebe’ 42.22% -- Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.). 


Order COLYMBIFORMES, Loons. 


Family CoLyMBIDAE, Loons. 
American Great Northern 


Jeoon ene, pees Scena ee Gavia immer (Brin.). 


Order SPHENISCIFORMES, Penguins. 


Family SPHENISCIDAE, Penguins. 


Black-footed Penguin ..... Spheniscus demersus (Linn.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 149 
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES, Petrels, Fulmars, and 
Albatrosses. 
Family PRocELLARIIDAE, Petrels. 
Walson Petrel .........5..- Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl.). 
Order ALCIFORMES, Auks, Murres, and Puffins. 


Family Atcipar, Auks, Murres, and Puffins. 
Dovekie or Little Auk...... Alle alle (Linn.). 


Brunnich: Murre so 22.400 2... Uria lomvia (Linn.). 


Order LARIFORMES, Terns, Skimmers, and Gulls. 


Family Larimar, Terns, Skimmers, and Gulls. 


Commons Nern: 515,56. 6 os 5's Sterna hirundo Linn. 
SOO tivaerlerrl oe i45,,custowa liar ster Sterna fuliginosa Gmel. 
eastern iares:s cco aise aca Sterna antillarum (Less.). 
BlaekeSkimmer.. 5. 4. 4+ 5.% Rhynchops nigra Linn. 
Bramiclene Gull vs. ee oo 53 Larus franklinii (Swain & Rich.). 
WaughingsGull 22. c2 2.0. Larus atricilla Linn. 
Brown-headed Gull ....... Larus ridibundus Linn. 
Great Black-backed Gull ..Larus marinus Linn. 
Western Gulls 02.6 55% 25 Larus occidentalis Aud. 
ering Gaull 3.2 ot. 8 snot Larus argentatus Brunn. 
Ring-billed Gull .. ......2arus delawarensis Ord. 
Gilaucous+ Gully 22%. wt n= Larus hyperboreus Gunn. 
lewatay,s rine ccna oreo con an Pagophila alba (Gunn.). 
Rerurwake Gallus... 2 5'. <a Rissa tridactyla (Linn.). 


Order CHARADRIIFORMES, Plovers, Sandpipers, Thicknees 
and Bustards. 


Sub-Order Charadrii. 


Family CHARADRIIDAE, Plovers, and Sandpipers. 


Patagonian Lapwing ..... Belonopterus chilensis (Mol.). 
European Lapwing ....... Vanellus vanellus (Linn.). 

ITN Cex > reals Renae ee ae Oxyechus vociferus (Linn.). 
Black-necked Stilt ....... Himantopus mexicanus (Miill.). 
Huropean: Avocet ......... Recurvirostra avocetta Linn. 


European Curlew ........Numenius arquata (Linn.). 


150 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


W himbrelii=s2 jaca oe Numenius phaeopus (Linn.). 
Dowitcher. 32-92 ieee Macrorhamphus griseus (Gmel.). 
Wallet aegis hese ere oxt eae Catoptrophorus semipalmatus 
(Gmel.). 
Redshankse s.35- cee: cates Totanus calidris (Linn.). 
Vellow-legsy rn = neces Totanus flavipes (Gmel.). 
Spotted Sandpiper .......Actitis macularia (Linn.) 
UUs epee ep teenetcoe Pavoncella pugnax (Linn.). 
Bartramian Sandpiper ....Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.). 
Semipalmated Sandpiper. ..Ereunetes pusillus (Linn.). 
Savderling esses oe oct ae Calidris leucophaea (Pall.). 
Knobs Ws yas a eo Tringa canutus (Linn.). 
Wialson: Sniper. socesce< se Gallinago delicata (Ord.). 
American Woodcock ...... Philohela minor (Gmel.). 


Sub-Order Oedicnemi. 
Family OEDICNEMIDAE, ‘Thicknees. 
Double-striped Thicknee ..Oedicnemus bistriatus (Wagl.). 


Order GRUIFORMES, Cranes, Seriemas, etc. 


Sub-Order Grues. 
Family GRUIDAE, Cranes. 


Sandhill ‘Cranes afc ae- Grus mexicana (Mill.). 

Little Brown: Crane =... 5-6 Grus canadensis (Linn.). 
Whooping Crane .<.)...:... Grus americana (Linn.). 

Asiatic White Crane ...... Sarcogeranus leucogeranus (Pall.). 
Saruss@rane cee eee Antigone antigone (Linn.). 
Baradise Crane... se eee Tetrapteryx paradisea (Licht.). 
Weéemoiselle Crane gee Anthropoides virgo (Linn.). 
Crowned: Cranen nna. eae Balearica pavonina (Linn.). 


Sub-Order Arami. 
Family Aramipar, Limpkins. 


Limpkin or Courlan ....... lramus vociferus (Lath.). 


Sub-Order Eurypygae. 
Family EurypyGipAr, Sun-bitterns. 


SUN DIGLerM Ahoy ke ec are Eurypyga helias (Pall.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 
Sub-Order Psophiae. 
Family Psopnipag, 'Trumpeters. 
Common Trumpeter ...... Psophia crepitans Linn. 


Sub-Order Dicholophi. 
Family CARIAMIDAE, Seriemas. 


SErienawenc ems ae eet acre Cariama cristata Linn. 


‘Order ARDEIFORMES, Ibises, Storks, and Herons. 


Sub-Order Plataleae. 


Family [srpipae, Ibises. 


Glossy? Ubiss 2 .hthe snes: Plegadis autumnalis (Hasselq.). 
White-faced Glossy Ibis...Plegadis guarauna (Linn.). 
Menbe MLDS exces casera ce.re Guara alba (Linn.). 

SGMULELs Mi bIS* C7 Ae ise. oie ser oe Guara rubra (Linn.). 


Family PLATALEIDAE, Spoonbills. 
Reseate Spoonbill ........: djaia ajaia (Linn.). 


Sub-Order Ciconiae. 


Family Ciconrmaz, Storks and Adjutants. 


Wood Ibis ..............Mycteria americana Linn. 

Indian Wood Ibis’. 7). .... Pscudotantalus leucocephalus 
(Gmel.). 

VIBES GOR Ke Sayin aioe a's Ciconia ciconia (Linn.). 

Black Stork: Si. cs ccc s Ciconia nigra (Linn.). 

Black-necked Stork ...... Xenorhynchus asiaticus (Lath.). 

71/21 Sieh Rams Ao ere ae a Jabiru mycteria (Licht.). 

indian Adputant = 22-25 +. Leptoptilus dubius (Gmel.). 

AMAA CULaIG bee eae Leptoptilus javanicus (Horsf.). 

Marabou, Stork: i505 3... 6: Leptoptilus crumeniferus (Less.). 


Sub-Order Ardeae. 


Family ArpemaAr, Herons and Bitterns. 


European Blue Heron ....drdea cinerea Linn. 

Great; Blue Heron) . 42.5: -:2 Ardea herodias herodias Linn. 
Warde ERerOM! a. 2)3c67!1i-3 snd Ardea herodias wardi Ridgw. 
Greaba White Teron: -. 25-7 Ardea occidentalis Ord. 


WMericany WOTeLy—.- 6 <2. 5 Herodias egretta (Gmel.). 


151 


152 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Little Blue Heron .......#lorida caerulea (Linn.). 
Reddish@boret sie. rer Dichromanassa rufescens (Gmel.). 
Snowy Hereb cc: 2 oa ee Egretta candidissima (Gmel.). 
Louisiana Heron .........Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis 
(Gosse). 
Yellow-crowned Night 
Heron ..............Nyctanassa violaceus (Linn.). 
Black-crowned Night 
ELEROnie ose .co eae se Nycticorax nycticorax naevius 
( Bodd.). 
European Night Heron ....Nycticorax nycticorax (Linn.). 
Greenvierons e532 - a Butorides virescens (Linn.). 
Amazonian Tiger Bittern ..Tigrisoma lineatum (Bodd.). 
Tiger” Bittern: oo... Fieterocnus cabanisi (Heine). 
Least “Bittern 27.45. soho Txobrychus exilis (Gmel.). 
American {Biiterm, 645.2: Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.). 


Order PALAMEDEIFORMES, Screamer. 
Sub-Order Palamedeae. 


Family PALAMEDIDAE, Screamers. 
Crested Screamer ........ Chauna cristata (Swains.). 


Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES, Flamingos. 


Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE, Flamingos. 
American Flamingo ...... Phoenicopterus ruber Linn. 
European Flamingo ...... Phoenicopterus roseus Pall. 


Order ANSERIFORMES, Swans, Geese, and Ducks. 


Family ANATIDAE, Swans, Geese, and Ducks. 


Whooping Swan)... 2220 a. Cygnus cygnus (Linn.). 

BewickiS wanes 2s acre Cygnus benicki Yarr. 

Whisthng Swan j2222) Cygnus columbianus (Ord.). 
Trumpeter Swan .........Cygnus buccinator Richards. 
Mute: (Swale. cn a ae Cygnus olor Gmel. 
Black-necked Swan .......Cygnus melanocoryphus (Mol.). 
Black Swans caves acne Chenopsis atrata (Lath.). 
Semipalmated Goose .....Anseranus semipalmata (Lath.). 


Spur-winged Goose .......Plectropterus gambensis (Linn.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Ld: 


Muscovy suck <9 ni) >. 2) Cairina moschata (Linn.). 
Wood Dmchkts 62 0st 2 ao we dix sponsa (Linn.). 
Mandarine Duck) 205.4. 22.22 Aix galericulata (Linn.). 
CoscorobaGoose “2.2 ¢..: Coscoroba coscoroba (Mol.). 
DMOWAGOOSE. a osc fccde fas Chen hyperborea (Pall.). 
Greater Snow Goose ......Chen hyperborea nivalis (Forst.). 
Wild Gray Goose: . 2%... 152 dnser anser (Linn.). 
White-fronted Goose ..... Anser albifrons (Gmel.). 
eam GOOSE ice a shegeee cine ce dnser fabilis Lath. 
Pink-footed Goose ....... Anser brachyrhynchus (Baill.). 
Bar-headed Goose ....... Eulabia indica (Lath.). 
@hinese Goose. 222.4... Cygnopsis cygnoides (Linn.). 
Canada Goose ©. -..2. 2. ..Branta canadensis Linn. 
Iiutchin “Goose .......... Branta canadensis hutchinsii 
(Richards). 

Barnacle Goose .......... Branta leucopsis (Bechst.). 
rami OOS i448 foie os escie ech sis Branta bernicla (Linn.). 
Upland Goose 2.452 .056.% Chloéphaga magellanica (Gmel.). 
White-faced Tree-duck ....Dendrocygna viduata (Linn.). 
iRulvouslree-duck. ........ Dendrocygna fulva (Gmel.). 
Australian Tree-duck ..... Dendrocygna arcuata (Horsf.). 
ava ree-GUCK 24.6 6 eis ews Dendrocygna javanica (Horsf.). 
Black-bellied Tree-duck ..Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linn.). 
Bahama Tree-duck ....... Dendrocygna arborea (Linn.). 
Eeyptians ‘Goose ..2 2... 6+ Alopochen aegyptiacus (Linn.). 
Tadorna Sheldrake:........ Tadorna tadorna (Linn.). 
Ruddy Sheldrake ........ Casarca casarca (Linn.). 
Australian Sheldrake ..... Casarca tadornoides (J. & S.). 
Mallard SD ugk: sis isc 3, 248.22 fnas platyrhynchos Linn. 
Smaragd (Duck \. 525 a : a dnas platyrhynchos Linn. var. 
Blacks Duck 22 cee nt 4nas obscuras Gmel. 
Australian Gray Duck ....Anas superciliosa Gmel. 
Gadwall Duckers2 hac. soe Chaulelasmus strepera Linn. 
European Widgeon .......Mareca penelope (Linn.). 
Bald patersn.. Gerson otc: eyeneee Mareca americana (Gmel.). 
European Green-winged 

cali Ree wg en Nettion crecca (Linn.). 
American Green-winged 

Teal ...............Nettion carolinensis (Gmel.). 


Joris (AW Bbc) cae eaes Jee anaes Dafila acuta (Linn.). 


| 


WW 


154 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Garganey (Neale rey seer oe Querquedula querquedula (Linn.). 
Blue-winged' Teale 3. 4 Querquedula discors (Linn.). 
Cimnamon? eal) ci ses Querquedula cyanoptera Vieill. 
Shoveller Duckwas2 2 ee Spatula clypeata (Linn.). 
Rosy-billed Duckaw. 25... 25) Metopiana peposaca (Vieill.). 
Pochard sO nek@ey 3 cr Aythya ferina (Linn.). 

Redhead) Ducks 11. sey Aythya americana (Eyt.). 
Canvas-back Duck ....... Aythya vallisneria (Wils.). 
Scaup -Duckea. pean es Marila marila (Linn.). 

lesser Seaup Duck). .2.-./ Marila affinis (Eyt.). 

Tutted Scaup Duck v7. : 2.21 Marila fuligula (Linn.). 
American Golden-eye Duck.Clangula clangula americana Fax.. 
European Eider Duck ....Somateria mollissima (Linn.). 
Raddy, aDiiclin eco cies ee Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmel.). 
American Merganser .....Mergus americanus Cass. 


Red-breasted Merganser...Mergus serrator Linn. 


Order PELECANIFORMES, Cormorants, Pelicans, ete. 


Family PHALACROCORACIDAE, Cormorants. 


Double-crested Cormorant. .Phalacrocorax dilophus (Swains.). 
Florida Cormorant ....... Phalacrocorax dilophus floridanus 


(Ord.). 

Family ANHINGIDAE, Snake-birds. 

ila kce- bind) Grater et eae Anhinga anhinga (Linn.). 
Family Sunipar, Gannets and Boobies. 

Gane t tt icici ne meen torsion Sula bassana (Linn.). 

Booby or Brown Gannet...Sula leucogastra (Bodd.). 
Family Frecatipag, Frigate Birds. 

Brigate Ding pice actactr ee Fregata aquila Linn. 
Family PHArETHONIDAE, Tropic-birds. 


Yellow-billed Tropic-bird. .Phaéthon americanus Grant 


Family PELECANIDAE, Pelicans. 


European White Pelican ...Pelecanus onocrotalus Gmel. 
Red-backed Pelican ...... Pelecanus rufescens Gmel. 
Brown Pelican s.74<) ono Pelecanus occidentalis Linn. 


American White Pelican ..I’eclecanus erythrorhynchus Gmel. 


Black-backed Pelican .....Pelecanus conspicillatus Temm. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 15! 


Or 


Order CATHARTIDIFORMES, American Condors and 


Vultures. 
Family CATHARTIDAE. 
(SLAVE (5 CO WR ASA ra eee Sarcorhamphus gryphus (Linn.). 
Kong Vialtare: 225). 3s Gypagus papa (Linn.). 
Bl acke Valine? oye.c.°s as Catharista urubu (Vieill.). 
sorkey: Vulture; ©. 6:5 2.02 4 a6 Cathartes aura septentrionalis 
(Wild). 
California Condor ........ Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw). 


Order ACCIPITRIFORMES, Hawks, Eagles, and Old World 
Vultures. 


Sub-Order Accipitres. 


Family Vuuituriae, Old World Vultures. 


Griffon Vultures s.5.2.42<.. Gyps fulvus (Gmel.). 
MolbemViltures sty. 2 aes ct: Gyps kolbi (Daud.). 
Family Fatconipakr, Hawks and Eagles. 

Caracara. Sees «3k Ga oe Polyborus cherinmay (Jacq.). 
iNMarcsheltawka ue Noo, «2% Circus hudsonius (Linn.). 
Plaeris® Pla Wik cs dics 3 one a Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Aud.). 
Sharp-shinned Hawk ..... Accipiter velox (Wils.). 
Wooper Hawk sin.) e so 3 52 Accipiter cooperti (Bonap.). 
Sennett White-tailed Hawk. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti Allen. 
Huropean Buzzard, ..3.-.2. Buteo buteo (Linn.). 
Red-tailed Hawk .......%. Buteo borealis (Gmel.). 
Red-shouldered Hawk ....Buteo lineatus (Gmel.). 
Broad-winged Hawk ...... Buteo platypterus (Vieill.). 
Lammergeyer or Bearded 

Multtresscen chee eee Gypaétus barbatus (Linn.). 
Australian Wedge-tailed 

1 Dy (RR eA eee Rteeeeere Uroaétus audax (Lath.). 
Golden Hagle: 2%. 2). .6% 22 Aquila chrysaetos (Linn.). 
Rough-legged Hawk ......: Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis 


(Gmel.). 
Ferruginous Rough-legged 
| oh d cert dae Archibuteo ferrugineous (Licht.). 
[age ah esl ed (aera Spizaétus tyrannus (Neuwied.). 
ibatelenr Baglest3 5. <2 Sav Helotarsus ecaudatus (Daud.). 


156 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


White-tailed Sea Eagle... .Haliaétus albicilla (Linn.). 


Bald) Wagles cases sceecsete Haliaétus leucocephalus (Linn.). 
White-breasted Sea Eagle . .Haliaétus leucogaster (Gmel.). 
Vulturine:Sea-Macle 2 = -.- Gypohierax angolensis (Gmel.). 
European Red Kite ......Milvus milvus (Linn.). 

English Peregrine Falcon. .falco peregrinus peregrinus Tunst. 
American Duck Hawk ....F alco peregrinus anatum (Bonap.). 
Hobby, Balcony aaces ccs er Falco subbuteo Linn. 

Aplomado Falcon = .25.. =... Falco fusco-coerulescens Vieill. 
Piceon ilawk: tes oo ae Falco columbarius Linn. 
White<Giyr falcon. aa ee Falco islandus Brunn. 

IESE ONY cts Str asec eh tages: Falco tinnunculus Linn. 

South African Kestrel ... Falco rupicola (Daud.). 

American Sparrow Hawk. .Falco sparverius sparverius Linn. 
Desert Sparrow Hawk ....F alco sparverius phaloena (Less.). 
Cuban Sparrow Hawk ....Falco sparverioides Vig. 


Short-winged Sparrow 
Hawk > sas tein tee ee Falco brevipennis Berl. 


Sub-Order Pandiones. 


Family PANDIONIDAE, Ospreys or Fish Hawks. 


American: (\OSpreys 30 Pandion haliaétus carolinensis 


(Gmel.). 


Order STRIGIFORMES, Owls. 
Family Srrigrar, Horned Owls and others. 


American Long-eared Ow]. .Asio wilsonianus (Less.). 


Short-earedeOwl .3. ye. 2 Asio flammeus (Pont.). 

Giant Hacle Owl 732. Bubo bubo (Linn.). 

Great. Horned “Owl. 13... - Bubo virginianus virginianus 
(Gmel.). 

Western Horned Owl ..... Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone. 

Dusky Horned Owl ....... Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgw. 

Cape Macle* Owl css: 65. i: Bubo capensis Smith. 

Snowy: Owl: <tc: cick eed Nyctea nyctea (Linn.). 

Spectacles Owl oe 271 =e Pusaltria perspicillata (Lath. ). 

Little Scops Owl .........Scops scops (Linn.). 

Screech Ow lc get sae Aon Otus asio asio (Linn.). 


Mexican Screech Owl..... Otus asio cineraceus (Ridgw.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 57 


awmys Onwileiare satan Sees Syrnium aluco (Linn.). 

Barrea Owl... . ice sae Strix varium varium (Barton). 
Florida Barred Owl ...... Strix varium alleni (Ridgw.). 
SawowhetrOwl 20-52: 2- Glaux acadicus (Gmel.). 
European Little Owl ...... 1thene noctua (Scop.). 


Western Burrowing Owl...Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea 
(Bonap.). 
Florida Burrowing Owl... .Speotyto cunicularia floridana Ridew. 


Cuban Pygmy Owl ....... Glaucidium siju (D’Orb.). 


Family ALUCONIDAE, Barn Owls. 


South African Barn Owl. ..dluco flammea (Linn.). 
American Barn Owl ......: Aluco pratincola Bonap. 
Cane Grass Owl © 2025212 52 Aluco capensis Smith. 


Order PSITTACIFORMES, Parrots, Macaws, Cockatoos, and 


Lories. 
Family Lorimaer, Lories. 
Searlet Chattering Lory ...Lorius garrulus (Linn.). 
Blue Mountain Lorikeet ...T'richoglossus novae-hollandiae 
(Gmel.). 


Family CacaTuipAak, Cockatoos. 


Gang-gang Cockatoo ..... Callocephalum galeatum (Lath.). 
Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. .Cacatua galerita (Lath.). 
Lesser Sulphur-crested 


@ockawoo Aces eae 4 Cacatua sulphurea (Gmel.). 
Leadbeater Cockatoo ..... Cacatua leadbeateri (Vig.). 
Great White Cockatoo ....Cacatua alba (Miill.). 
Red-crested Cockatoo ..... Cacatua moluccensis (Gmel.). 
Bare-eyed Cockatoo ...... Cacatua gymnopsis Scl. 
itoseate: Cockatoo’ 225.2. ~- Cacatua roseicapillus Vieill. 
Western Slender-billed 

Cockxto0s fae coe ete oe Licmetis pastinator Gould. 
Woekateel = osc sha feos Calopsittacus novae-hollandiae 

(Gmel.). 


Family PsirtTacipak, Macaws, Parrots, and Parrakeets. 


Hyacinthine Macaw ......z Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus ( Lath.) 
Blue-and-Yellow Macaw ..Ara ararauna (Linn.). 
Red-and-Blue Macaw ....Ara macao (Linn.). 


158 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Green-winged Macaw ....-z Ara chloroptera Gray. 
Military Macaw .........z dra militaris (Linn.). 

Great Green Macaw ......z Ara ambigua (Bechst.). 
Austere, Macaw “i 2. = Ara severa (Linn.). 

Thicer Macaw sweee ice - <2 dra maracana (Vieill.). 
Macavuanna Macaw ..... .z dra macavuanna (Gmel.). 
Blue-crowned Conure ....Conurus haemorrhous (Spix.). 


Yellow-headed Parrakeet..Conurus jendaya (Gmel.). 
Long-tailed Green Parra- 

KeEE Same meis steeskotene Conurus euops (Wagl.). 
Brown-throated Parrakeet..Conurus aeruginosus (Linn.). 
Yellow-faced Parrakeet ...Conurus pertinax (Linn.). 
Golden-crowned Parrakeet.Conurus aureus (Gmel.). 
White-eared Parrakeet ....Pyrrhura leucotis (Kuhl.). 
Gray-breasted Parrakeet ..Myosittacus monachus (Bodd.). 
Barred \Parrakeety.4-.-. 02 ¢ Bolborhynchus lineolatus (Cass.). 
Pigmy Parrotlet. no. Psittacula spengeli Hartl. 
Canary-winged Parrakeet..Brotogerys chiriri (Vieill.). 
White-winged Parrakeet ..Brotogerys virescens (Gmel.). 
Orange-winged Parrakeet..Brotogerys pyrrhopterus (Lath.). 


Movi iVarrakeet me eccctr es Brotogerys jugularis (Mill.). 
Mealy «Amazon. a2 e 6 od Amazona farinosa (Bodd.). 
Orange-winged Amazon ...Amazona amazonica (Linn.). 
Blue-fronted Amazon .....4 4mazona aestiva (Linn.). 
Yellow-shouldered Amazon.Amazona ochroptera (Gmel.). 
Yellow-fronted Amazon....dmazona ochrocephala (Gmel.). 
Golden-naped Amazon ....Amazona auripalliata (Less.). 
Yellow-headed Amazon ...Admazona oratrix Ridgw. 
Green-cheeked Amazon ...dAmazona viridigena Cass. 
Yellow-cheeked Amazon ..dmazona autumnalis (Linn.). 
Festive-Amazon sa.c22- a2 dmazona festiva (Linn.). 
Red-faced Amazon ......: Amazona albifrons (Sparrm.). 
Dominican Amazon ....... Amazona ventralis (Miill.). 
White-fronted Amazon ...Admazona leucocephala (Linn.). 
Cayman Island Amazon ...Amazona caymanensis Cory. 
Bahamas Amazon, <3... -.. 0102 Amazona bahamensis (Bryant). 
Blue-headed Parrot ...... Pionus menstruus (Linn.). 
Black-headed Caique ..... Pionites melanocephalus (Linn.). 


Yellow-bellied Senegal 


Parrot. fa sree acer Poeocephalus senegalus (Linn.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 159 


African Red-bellied Parrot. Poeocephalus rufiventris (Rupp.). 


Grays arrob ss cc fis one's «3. 0 Psittacus erythacus Linn. 
GramdMCOny, amet. sent: Eclectus roratus (Mill.). 
Blue-crowned Parrakeet ...7'anygnathus luzonesis (Linn.). 
aio ATRAKEEL Yo.2 uae viol Palaeornis eupatria (Linn.). 
Ring-necked Parrakeet ....Palaeornis torquata (Bodd.). 
Rose-winged Parrakeet ....Palaeornis docilis (Vieill.). 
Blossom-headed Parrakeet. Palaeornis cyanocephala (Linn.). 
Banded Parrakeet. -........ Palaeornis fasciata (Miill.). 
Malaccan Parrakeet' ...... Palaeornis longicauda (Bodd.). 
Gray-headed Love-bird ...dgapornis cana (Gmel.). 
Red-faced Love-bird ....... A gapornis pullaria (Linn.). 
Ceylonese Hanging Parra- 

Geb merit ses ners cota Loriculus indicus (Gmel.). 
Pennant) Parrakeet .......: Platycercus elegans (Gmel.). 
Pale-headed Rosella ...... Platycercus pallidiceps Vig. 
Rosella: Parrakeet ........ Platycercus eximius (Shaw). 


Orange-cheeked Parrakeet. .Platycercus icterotis (Kuhl.). 


Undulated Grass Parrakeet.Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw). 
Yellow Grass Parrakeet....Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw) 
var. 


Order CORACIIFORMES, Kinefishers, Hornbills, ete. 


Sub-Order Coraciae. 


Family Coracupas£, Rollers. 


Huropean holler 3.25.12)... << Coracias garrulus Linn. 


Sub-Order Halcyones. 


Family ALCEDINIDAE, Kingfishers. 


iBeltedikingfisher® = 22 « = Ceryle alcyon (Linn.). 
Little Green Kingfisher....Ceryle americana septentrionalis 
Sharpe. 


Giant Laughing Kingfisher.Dacelo gigas (Bodd.). 


Sub-Order Bucerotes. 


Family Bucerotimas, Hornbills. 
Coneave-casque Hornbill. ..Dichoceros bicornis (Linn.). 
Malayan Pied Hornbill. ...Anthracoceros convexus (Temm.). 


160 NEW YORK “ZOOLOGICAL, SOGIERY 


Sub-Order Upupae. 


Family Upupipar, Hoopoes. 


J 


TLOOpOG iter aioe aren eye Upupa epops Linn. 


Sub-Order Momoti. 
Family MomoripaAe, Motmots. 


Lesson Mexican Motmot ..Moimotus lessoni (Less.). 


Sub-Order Caprimulgi. 
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE, Nigthhawks. 
Nighthawhkenr .sj-1sni caer Chordeiles virginianus (Gmel.). 
Sub-Order Cypseli. 


Family CypsELIDAE, Chimney Swifts. 
Chimney 7S wikt 2 cane Chaetura pelagica (Linn.) 


Sub-Order Trochili. 


Family TrocuiLtipar, Hummingbirds. 


Ruby-throated Humming- 
birdie uk pes eins Trochilus colubris (Linn.). 


Order TROGONES, Trogons. 
Family 'TRoGONIDAE, ‘Trogons. 
Cuban: Trogon)... 2nve sts © <c Priotelus temnurus (Temm.). 


Order COCCYGES, Touracos, Cuckoos, and Anis. 
Sub-Order Musophagi. 


Family MusopHacrpae, Touracos. 


White-crested Touraco ....Turacus corythaix (Wagl.). 
Sub-Order Cuculi. 


Family CucuLipak, Cuckoos. 


Yellow-billed Cuckoo ..... Coccyzus americanus (Linn.). 
Black-billed Cuckoo ...... Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Wils.). 
Road-runner! series aea5e Geococcyx californianus (Less.). 
Groove-billed Ani ........ Crotophaga sulcirostris Swains. 


Guira (Cuckoo) ij. 42% ese Guira guira (Gmel.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 161 


Order SCANSORES, Barbets and Toueans. 
Sub-Order Capitones. 
Family Capironipar, Barbets. 
Great Himalayan Barbet. ..JJegalaema marshallorum Swinh. 
Sub-Order Rhamphastides. 


Family RuaMPHASTIDAE, Toucans. 


fRoeopel qnieani: i 2:. sucinc cc /sa% Rhamphastos toco (Miill.). 
Sulphur-breasted Toucan. ../?hamphastos carinatus Swains. 
Short-billed Toucan ...... Rhamphastos brevicarinatus Gould. 
Jara pel bard MOCO ae Rhamphastos ariel Vig. 
Green-billed Toucan ...... Rhamphastos dicolorus Linn. 
Black-banded Aracari 

PR OUGAME Macrae cher 5 Pteroglossus torquatus (Gmel.). 


Order PICIFORMES, Woodpeckers. 
Sub-Order Pici. 
Family Picipar, Woodpeckers. 


Northern ‘Flicker 2.2... - 2. Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs. 
Mexican Red-shafted 
] BUG I ieee ene ee Colaptes cafer cafer (Gmel.). 
Red-headed Woodpecker ..Melanerpes erythrocephalus 
(inns): 


Golden-fronted Wood- 

PCC Cie eet boon ialten Centurus aurifrous (Wagl.). 
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. ..Sphyrapicus varius (Linn.). 
Greater Spotted Wood- 


Bice eieat es ee seen tenets Dendrocopus major Linn. 
Hairy Woodpecker ....... Dryobates villosus (Linn.). 
Northern Downy Wood- 

WECKEGe io niche eG Dryobates pubescens medianus 

(Swains.). 
European Wryneck ....... Tynx torquilla (Linn.). 


Order PASSERIFORMES, Perching Birds. 
Division Mesomyodi. 


Family CoTincipare, American Chatterers. 
Bare-throated Bell-bird ...Chasmorhynchus nudicollis (Vieill.). 


162 NEW YORK ZOOLOGIEAE, SOCIETY, 


Family TyRANNIDAE, Flycatchers. 
Trinidad Kiskadee Fly- 


CAUCHER es or tered ye coke Pitangus sulphuratus trinitatis 
Hellm. 

Large-billed Tyrant Fly- 

catcher .............Megarynchus pitangua (Linn.). 
PR OCD ER acatans -otereness Guten eee Sayornis phoebe (Lath.). 
Teastwblly catcher: c\c).. cts Empidonax minimus Baird. 
Green-crested Flycatcher ..Empidonaz virescens (Vieill.). 
Wood Pewee ............Myiochanes virens (Linn.) 
Kaine bands ene eetaver teeters Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.). 


Division Acromyodi. 
Family H1iruNDINIDAE, Swallows. 
European Swallow ....... ITirundo rustica (Linn.). 
Barn: Swallow. 22-32 ons Hirundo erythrogaster Bodd. 
Family Pycnonotipar, Bulbuls. 


Burmese Red-bellied Bulbul Molpastes burmanicus (Sharpe). 
Red-cared Bulbul ce 3c Otocompsa emeria (Linn.). 
White-eared Bulbul ....... Otocompsa leucotis (Gould). 


Family TrmMeviipar, Babblers. 
Melodious Thrush::= >. .<-* Leucodioptron canorum (Linn.). 
Himalayan Jay Thrush ...Garrulax leucolophus (Hardw.). 
White-throated Jay-thrush .Garrulazx albigularis (Gould). 
Black-throated Jay-thrush..Dryonastes chinensis (Scop.). 


Red-bellied’ Hill Tit ...... Liothrix luteus (Scop.). 
Family 'TRoGLobyTIDAE, Wrens. 

House, Wren seed tie Troglodytes aédon Vieill. 

Winter Wren ............Nannus hiemalis (Vieill.). 


Family Mimipar, Mockingbirds. 


Mockmebird jivea cw oe Mimus polyglottos polyglottos 
(Linn.). 

Western Mockingbird .....1 Vimus polyglottos leucopterus 
(Vig.). 

Jamaican Mockingbird ....MWimus polyglottos orpheus (Linn.). 

Curacao Mockingbird .....1 Mimus gilvus rostratus Ridgw. 


Catbinde sc. it) eee ere ere Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Linn.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 163 


Brown) Lhrasher? 3. ..s2... Toxostoma rufum (Linn.). 
Curve-billed Thrasher ....V7'ovostoma curvirostre curvirostre 
(Swains.). 


Blue Mocking-thrush .... .1 Vclanotis caerulescens (Swain.). 


Family Turpipar, Thrushes. 


Blves Solitaire eG. tee oo M yadestes unicolor Sel. 

Mexican Solitaire .......,1 Myadestes obscurus (Lafr.). 
Guban Solitaire os... <.)- «61 Vyadestes elizabethae (Lemb.). 
Cuban ODI, sri es eles scot Mimocichla rubripes (‘Temm.). 
European Blackbird ......1 Merula merula (Linn.). 

American’ Robin... . 2... <. Planesticus migratorius (Linn.). 
Goraivg ODM s .ope oi 62022 51° Planesticus tristis tristis (Swains.). 
Eastern Gray Robin ...... Planesticus tristis assimilis (Cab.). 


Mexican Tawny Robin ....Planesticus grayi grayi (Bonap.). 


Tamaulipas Tawny Robin. .Planesticus grayi tamaulipensis 


(Nels.). 
uN gee OUZEl 5. Fs acts ssc 2 Turdus torquatus (Linn.). 
Red-winged Thrush ...... Turdus iliacus Linn. 
Somer nrash) erst cee» a6 Turdus musicus Linn. 
Wiood “Whrush: .!s..2..j52'.%% Hylocichla mustelina (Gmel.). 
VWalsonlehrush: 2405. 2 ays, 2 2d- Ilylocichla fuscescens (Steph.). 
Gray-cheeked Thrush ....Hylocichla aliciae aliciae Baird. 
Bieknell) Thrush: ©... ...... .; Hylocichla aliciae bicknelli 
(Ridgw.). 
Olive-backed Thrush ...... Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Cab.). 
Efermit. hrashys gees « Hylocichla guttata pallasii (Cab.). 
Rocka hush 2 techs sarees Monticola sazatilis (Linn.). 
European Redstart ....... Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linn.). 


Red-spotted Bluethroat ...Cyanosylvia suecica (Linn.). 
White-spotted Bluethroat ..Cyanosylvia cyanecula (Macg.). 


INGiohbinigale: 2.25 cud) .y. 208 alah dédon luscinia (Linn.). 
Bmolish, “Robin! +. 3.00. 5.23% Erithacus rubecula (Linn.). 
Shammaybbrushis 224% <<. tty: Cittocincla tricolor (Vieill.). 
WWW Chat eeets te See the Se Pratincola rubetra (Linn.). 
Wiheatearss: %5 ssf -aye)ars ak =o. 0 tile Sazicola oenanthe (Linn.). 


Black-capped Thrush-RobinCatharus mevxicanus (Bonap.). 
Blucbinggere chan ser iss Cte Sialia sialis (Linn.). 


164 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIniY 


Family Sytvupa&, Kinglets and Old World Warblers. 


Wihitethroaty oy scie oe -eters Sylvia sylvia (Linn.). 

Lesser Whitethroat 2...’ -.- Sylvia curruca (Linn.). 
Blackcap Warbler... =. .- Sylvia atricapilla (Linn.). 
Garden, Warblers, sos Sylvia hortensis Bechst. 
Willow Warbler 3405 a. Phylloscopus trochilus (Linn.). 
Wood Warblert.-c... 2 -ci-- Phylloscopus sibilator (Sal.). 


Family VIREONIDAE, Vireos. 


Red-eyed Vireo 


ede ea Vireosylva olivacea (Linn.). 


Warbling Wareolgy 2% ac15 2 Vireosylva gilva gilva (Vieill.). 
White-eyed Vireo (747... Vireo griseus griseus (Bodd.). 


Yellow-throated Vireo ....Lanivireo flavifrons (Vieill.). 


Family AMPELIDAE, Waxing Chatterers. 

Cedar, Wiarwiee-ter: cheers Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.). 
Bohemian Waxwing ..... .: Ampelis garrulus Linn. 

Family PritoGonatipaE£, Silky Flycatchers. 
Phainopeplans/cis cm. ase Phainopepla nitens (Swains.). 
Mexican Ptilogonys .:.... Ptilogonys cinereus cinereus Swains. 

Family Lanrpag, Shrikes. 


White-backed Piping Crow.Gymnorhina leuconota Gould. 
Black-backed Piping Crow.Gymnorhina tibicen Lath. 
Lead-colored Crow-shrike..Strepera plumbea Gould. 


Northern) Shrike) 2). 25... - Lanius borealis Vieill. 
Loggerhead Shrike ...... Lanius ludovicianus (Linn.). 
Red-backed Shrike ....... Enneoctonus collurio (Linn.). 


Family Paripar, Chickadees and Titmice. 


Black-capped Chickadee ..Penthestes atricapilla (Linn.). 


Marsh ‘Titmouse’... . . - Poecile palustris (Linn.). 
Great, Titmouse <2 1 = Parus major Linn. 
Bloe Litmousess acces 2- -cr Cyanistes caeruleus (Linn.). 
White-headed Long-tailed 

Dibmouse es ero or Aegithalus caudatus (Linn.). 


Long-tailed Titmouse .....Aegithalus roseus (Blyth.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 165 


Family PaNurIDAE, Bearded Titmice. 


Bearded auitmouse..........- Panurus biarmicus (Linn.). 


Family Srrripar, Nuthatches. 


White-breasted Nuthatch ..Sitta carolinensis Lath. 
Red-breasted Nuthatch ....Sitta canadensis Linn. 
European Nuthatch ...... Sitta caesia Meyer. 


Family CertHiipak, Brown Creepers. 
Brown, Creeper... . ««.. +: Certhia familiaris americanus 


(Bonap.). 


Family MNroTiuripar, American Warblers. 
Black-and-White Warbler. .Mniotilta varia (Linn.). 


Worm-eating Warbler ....Helmitheros vermivorus (Gmel.). 

Blue-winged Warbler ..... Helminthophila pinus (Linn.). 

lawrence Warbler? . 3...... Helminthophila lawrencei Herrick. 

Northern Parula Warbler. .Compsothlypis americana usneae 
Brewst. 

Nellows Warblers. 2% ..5-..3 Dendroica aestiva aestiva (Gmel.). 

Magnolia ‘Warbler 2.5 .... Dendroica magnolia (Wils.). 

Black-throated Blue 

Vou bl eres ay sencoe cre Sieve Dendroica caerulescens caerulescens 

(Gmel.). 

NiyctleaWarblers: 2.3... Dendroica coronata (Linn.). 

Black-throated Green 

er boll erase ot Sa oie Dendroica virens (Gmel.). 

Chestnut-sided Warbler. ...Dendroica pensylvanica (Linn.). 

iblackpoll’ Warbler’... .- Dendroica striata (Forst.). 

| ETSY 9 0} (on eae oP ee Dendroica vigorsi (Aud.). 

Prairie? WALDIEL 5:12 aise. 63: Dendroica discolor (Vieill.). 

Yellow Palm Warbler..... Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea 
Ridgw. 

Bale Warbler 25 5 fcj0.c os wie Dendroica palmarum palmarum 
(Gmel.). 

Connecticut Warbler ...... Oporornis agilis (Wils.). 

Mourning Warbler ....... Oporornis philadelphia (Wils.). 

Ovenbirds © tenet ci = ete 34s Seiurus aurocapillus (Linn.). 


Louisiana Water-thrush ...Seiwrus motacilla (Vieill.). 


166 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Woater-thrush ete cise race Seiurus noveboracensis (Gmel.). 
Northern Yellow-throat....Geothlypis trichas brachydactyla 
(Swains. ). 


Yellow-breasted Chat ..... Icteria virens virens (Linn.). 
Wilson Warbler... 4 4-5) Wilsonia pusilla (Wils.). 

Canadian Warbler eo ----. Wilsonia canadensis (Linn.). 
American Redstart ....... Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.). 


Family Moracituipar, Wagtails and Pipits. 


Pied Wagtail ......«.....Motacilla lugubris (Temm:)- 
Yellow Wagtail ..........Motacilla campestris (Pall.). 
JAMIE VICANY (PAPIE Heo. ,cks) suet a2 Anthus rubescens (Tuns.). 
Meadow. Pipit(: a. ee Anthus pratensis (Linn.). 


Family Ataupipak&, Larks. 


Horned icarkaris stiri Otocoris alpestris alpestris (Linn.). 

Prairie Horned Warle®...-.51... Otocoris alpestris pratincola Hensh. 

Sky larkes 20 ears eto aieaced dlauda arvensis Linn. 

Crested™ Wark 2 oho patsers Galerita cristata (Linn.). 

Wood Wark. So% ict tcc lovace Lullula arborea (Linn.). 

Siberian Black Lark .....Melanocorypha yeltoniensis 
(Frost. ). 

Chestnut Finch Lark ..... Pyrrhulauda smithi Ayres. 


Family FRINGILLIDAE, Sparrows, Grosbeaks, and Buntings. 
J I ? ) o 


Greentineh) ya. tas et een Chloris chloris (Linn.). 
elawainc hist eee Coccothraustes coccothraustes 
(Linn.). 


Rose-breasted Grosbeak ...Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linn.). 

Black-headed Grosbeak ...Zamelodia melanocephala 
(Swains.). 

Western Blue Grosbeak ...Guiraca caerulea lazula (Less.). 


Black ‘Seedeater 5 mie tae Sporophila corvina (Scl.). 
Morellet Seedeater ....... Sporophila morelleti (Bonap.). 
Trinidad Seedeater ....... Sporophila grisea (Gmel.). 
Pygmy Seedeater’. 0 5-". Sporophila minuta (Linn.). 


White-throated Seedeater ..Sporophila albigularis (Spix.). 
Yellow-bellied Seedeater...Sporophila gutturalis (Licht.). 
Dwarf Weaver Finch ..... Spermestes nana (Puch.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 

@abaw Bollfneh: 7. ..5. ¢-<< Melopyrrha nigra (Linn.). 

Melodious Grassquit ...... Euetheia canora (Gmel.). 

Yellow-faced Grassquit ...Hwetheia olivacea (Linn.). 

Bahama Grassquit ........ Euetheia bicolor (Linn.). 

ey EPOUlOKIay, sate fe siecle = = Pyrrhuloxia sinuata Bonap. 

ar Nals eect ee tae oe. @ se o's Cardinalis cardinalis (Linn.). 

live altator. 2 oss. cig, Saltator olivacens Cab. 

COUPE TITIAVS OE Oe appear eee merece Pinicola enucleator canadensis 
(Cab.). 

Canadian Pine Grosbeak ..Fringilla coelebs Linn. 

SPAM 2 tec: aise 2 = Fringilla montifringilla (Linn.). 

European Goldfinch ...... Carduelis carduelis (Linn.). 

American Goldfinch ..... «2 Astragalinus tristis (Linn.). 

Mexican Goldfinch ....... . Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus 
(Swains.). 

Buropean: Siskin .- 23... +: Chrysomitris spinus (Linn.). 

Siskin+ European Goldfinch.H ybrid. 

AE SIGKIM 62215 3G ssc Ale 5, 33% Spinus pinus (Wils.). 

Black-headed Siskin ...... Spinus notatus notatus (Du Bus). 

1253 (00 lt ~e ec ae Acanthis linaria (Linn.). 

Greater Redpoll ..... ’... Acanthis linaria rostrata (Coues). 

Hoary hedpoll! 5... 6.0: Acanthis hornemannii evilipes 
(Coues). 


European Lesser Redpoll . . Acanthis rufescens (Vieill.). 
Twite or Mountain Linnet. .Cannabina flavirostris (Linn.). 


Wrmetyimensessccte sass tece ee =. 32s Cannabina cannabina (Linn.). 
SHG WIE INGH 6 5 oo aks. s scl Montifringilla nivalis (Linn.). 
Mountains linch: 2is...2.)3 . Passer montanus (Linn.). 
Bughsh Sparrow :.-. =... Passer domesticus (Linn.). 
African Cape Sparrow ....Passer arcuatus (Gmel.). 
Green Singing-finch ...... Serinus icterus (Bonn.). 
Gray Singing-fineh <...... Serinus leucopygius (Sund.). 
Black-throated Singing- 

HNGH ay. CAE cae Serinus angolensis (Gmel.). 
AB AEA i 8 Pia oss wy Ses Serinus canaria (Linn.). 
Canary+ European 

Goldfinch: 20.2... ca Hybrid. 
Saiprom Hinel 2.) 5. .2e.% Sycalis flaveola (Linn.). 
PEGS ya TIC hie: £4 oi. S70 sv Sho es Carpodacus erythrinus (Pall.). 


Parple: Bineby vcr a5 27450 < "= Carpodacus purpureus (Ginel.). 


167 


168 


NEW YORK 
Mexican House Finch 


House SF inche sce eee 
European Crossbill 
American Crossbill 
White-winged Crossbill 
Bullfinch 
Russian Bullfinch 
Reed Bunting 


Yellow-hammer 


Ortolan Bunting ...... 
Snowflake 
White-throated Sparrow 
White-crowned Sparrow 
Nonpareil 
Indigo Bunting —..:.. 
Slate-colored Junco .... 
Chipping Sparrow .... 
Field Sparrow 


Tree Sparrow 


Savanna Sparrow 


Dickcissel 


Western Lark Sparrow... 


Vesper Sparrow 


Sone Sparrow < ... aire 


Swamp Sparrow ...... 


Sharp-tailed Sparrow 


Box Sparrow. 2 tery 


Towhee 
Chestnut-capped 


Buarremon Sparrow. . 


Pileated Finch 
Red-crested Cardinal 
Red-headed Cardinal 


Green Cardinal 


@) ‘efe! ej, 0) 0) ie. 


one 


ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY 


..Carpodacus mexicanus mexicanus 
(Mill.). 


Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis 
(Say). 
Lowxia curvirostra Linn. 


“- 


..Loxia curvirostra minor (Brehm.). 
..Lowia leucoptera Gmel. 

Pyrrhula europaea Vieill. 
..Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linn.). 
Emberiza schoeniclus Linn. 
Emberiza citrinella Linn. 
Emberiza hortulana Linn. 
..Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis ( Linn.) 
. Lonotrichia albicollis (Gmel.). 
..Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.). 
Passerina ciris (Linn.). 


Passerina cyanea (Linn.). 


...Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linn.). 


Spizella passerina (Bechst.). 
Spizella pusilla (Wils.). 

Spizella monticola (Gmel.). 
Passerculus sandwichensis savanna 


(Wils.). 
..Spiza americana (Gmel.). 
-Chondestes grammacus strigatus 
(Swains.). 
...Pooecetes gramineus (Gmel.). 
...-Melospiza melodia melodia (Wils.). 
...Melospiza georgiana (Lath.). 


.Ammodramus caudacutus caudacutus 
(Gmel.). 

Passerella iliaca (Merr.). 

..Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linn.). 

.-Buarremon brunneinuchus (Lafres). 

Coryphospingus pileatus Neuw. 

Paroaria cucullata (Lath.). 

Paroaria larvata (Bodd.). 


Gubernatria cristata (Vieill.). 


Cuban Banana Tanager 
Red-crowned Tanager 
Trinidad Black Tanager 


Brown-headed Tanager 


Paradise Whydah-bird 
Pin-tailed Whydah-bird 


-Spindalis pretret (Less.). 
-LTachyphonus coronatus (Vieill.). 
-Tachyphonus rufus (Bodd.). 


-Chlorospingus ophthalmicus 


(Du Bus). 


Family PLocemar, Weaver-birds. 


.Vidua paradisea (Linn.). 


.Vidua principalis (Linn.). 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 169 

Family CoEREBIDAE, Sugar-birds and Honey-creepers. 

BluecSugar-bird:-..0 26.% Dacnis cayana (Linn.). 

Bahama Honey Creeper ...Coereba bahamensis (Reich.). 

Yellow-winged Sugar-bird. .Coereba cyanea (Linn.). 
Family TaNGARIDAE, Tanagers. 

Green; Ranager! oni. 5 ons Chlorophonia viridis (Vieill.). 

VioleteHuphonia,)-...: <)... Euphonia violacea (Linn.). 

Thick-billed Euphonia .Euphonia crassirostris Scl. 

Bonaparte Euphonia ...... Euphonia hirundinacea Bonap. 

Superb Tanager. ~... x. soc. Calliste fastosa (Less.). 

luc anager ssc. Weceisic. Tangara cana cana Swains. 

Trinidad Blue Tanager ... Tangara cana sclateri (Berl.). 

White-shouldered Blue 

PMA CET sic yaron avers tones ce Tangara episcopus Linn. 
Northern Palm Tanager ..Tangara palmarum melanoptera 
(Hartl.). 

DDO Ueda ER 525 aie ore Tangara abbas Lichi. 

Suarlet, anager... .)..)..... Piranga erythromelas Vieill. 

Brick-red. Tanager! 5 22.\..-.. Piranga testacea Scl. 

le pabicn anager cj ia.ys i-10 Piranga hepatica Swains. 

Northern Silver-beak 

ARGV CER 2) ola! Reve re nieernnen aie Ramphocelus jacapa magnirostris 
Clair): 


Giant Whydabh-bird ...... Coliuspasser progne (Bodd.). 
Red-collared Whydah-bird .Coliuspasser ardens (Bodd.). 
Yellow-backed Whydah- 

Pare eens beegate ten ove she one Coliuspasser macrourus (Gmel.). 
Red-shouldered Whydah ..Urobrachya avillaris (Smith). 
Crimson-crowned Weaver ..Pyromelana flammiceps Swains. 


Orance Weaver> a.m. 7. Pyromelana franciscana (Isert). 


170 NEW) YORK "ZOOEOGICAL, SOCIBTY 


Napoleon Weaver ......... Pyromelana afra Gmel. 
Red-billed Masked Weaver. Quelea quelea Linn. 

Russ Masked Weaver ..... Quelea russi (Finsch). 

Bronze Manitkiny 325-2. Spermestes cucullatus Swains. 
Magpie: Manikine.33, 2... <7 Amauresthes fringilloides Lafres. 
QuaillBinch@ nae eee Ortygospiza polyzona (Temm.). 
Little Ruddy Waxbill .Lagonosticta brunniceps Sharpe. 
Bane wEimelierrcpdetese et cue eicee Lagonosticta minima (Vieill.), 
Eayender Waxbill™). 42..- Lagonosticta caerulescens Vieill. 
Cut-throat.assoatar ase. oa Amadina fasciata Gmel. 
Red-headed Finch 2s... .-. Amadina erythrocephala (Linn.). 
Diamond Sparrow ........ Steganopleura guttata Shaw. 
Crimson-winged Finch ....Pytelia phoenicoptera Swains. 
CombassOw)cc.-ocuaee eon Hypocraera aenea Hartl. 

Lebra Hinchtee. nse «ci Taeniopygia castanotis (Gould). 
Strawberry: Eimchs?3%/.--2 Sporaeginthus amandava (Linn.). 
Orange-cheeked Finch ....Sporaeginthus melpodus Vieill. 
Lebra: Waxbillle <7 ecisrne sre Sporaeginthus subflavus Vieill. 
Java Sparrow (fs. 52s. Munia oryziwora Linn. 


White Java Sparrow .Munia oryzivora Linn. var. 


Three-colored Manikin ... 
White-headed Manikin ... 


Black-headed Manikin 


_Munia malacea Linn. 
.Munia maja Linn. 
.Munia atricapilla Vieill. 


Chestnut-breasted Manikin.Munia castaneithorax Gould. 


Gould Yellow-rumped 


Manikine 2.2.0.0. Syaoe Munia flavipyrmna Gould. 
Spice Manikin ...........Munia punctulata Linn. 
White-breasted Manikin...Munia pectoralis (Gould). 
Sharp-tailed Finch <........ Uroloncha acuticauda (Hodgs.). 
African Silver-bill ....... .: didemosyne cantans Gmel. 
Indian: Silver-bill =. .2... 22 Aidemosyne malabarica Linn. 
Bengalee gait ake sy seen et Jidemosyne malabarica+Uroloncha 

striata. 

Red-tailed Finch 22. 35... Bathilda ruficauda (Gould). 
Long-tailed Grass Finch. ..Poephila acuticauda Gould. 
Grassi inchs Soicrn. ree Poephila cincta Gould. 
Masked Grass Finch ...... Poephila personata Gould. 
Black-headed Gouldian 

FeinGhigea oa) eer erarnteetye Poephila gouldiae (Gould). 


Red-faced Gouldian Finch. Poephila mirabilis Hombr. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 171 


Pin-tailed Nonpareil ...... Erythrura prasina Sparrm. 
Wordom Bleu wiih avers s's 36 3's Estrilda phoenicotis Swains. 
Blue-breasted Waxbill ....Hstrilda angolensis (Linn.). 
Black-faced Waxbill ...... Estrilda erythronota (Vieill.). 
Si. Helena Waxbill ....... Estrilda astrilda Linn. 
Common Waxbill ........ Estrilda cinerea Vieill. 
Scaly-fronted Weaver ..... Sporopipes squamifrons (Smith). 
Madagascar Weaver ...... Foudia madagascariensis Linn. 
Reichenback Masked 

Weaver eiciapscc is 5 ee stevens Hyphantornis taeniopterus (Reich.). 
Masked Weaver Bird ..... Hyphantornis velatus (Vieill.). 


Striped Masked Weaver ...Hyphantornis lineolatus Sharpe. 
Black and Yellow-mantled 

WV GAR ope sors cons: olen ote Hyphantornis cucullatus (Miill.). 
White-headed Weaver ..... Dinemellia dinemelli (Rupp.). 


Family Icreripar, Cowbirds, Blackbirds, and American Orioles. 
. ? b) 


ODORS «0c Ah siacs eee hist 02 Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linn.). 
Cowlbirdys ~.a: tcc) 2 aes Molothrus ater ater (Bodd.). 
Dwart Cowbird ... 24. -'.-- Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmel.). 
Argentine Cowbird .......1 Molothrus bonariensis (Gmel.). 
Lesser Trinidad Cowbird...Molothrus atronitens (Cab.). 
Bay-winged Cowbird .....Molothrus badius Vieill. 
Red-eyed Cowbird ........ Callothrus robustus (Cab.). 
Red-winged Blackbird ....Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus 
(Linn.). 
Vera Cruz Red-winged 
Blackbird) 2 s.%- i <.2 A gelaius phoeniceus richmondi 
Nelson. 
Rufous-shouldered 
Blackbirdea.- ecco roe Agelaius humeralis (Vig.). 
Little Yellow-headed Black- 
pinay cence oie eee Eee A gelaius icterocephalus (Linn.). 
Yellow-headed Blackbird. ..Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 
(Bonap.). 
Orange-headed Blackbird. Amblyrhamphus holosericeus 
(Scop.). 
Meadowlark: ois.-. c0e5 20 Sturnella magna (Linn.). 
Western Meadowlark ..... Sturnella neglecta Aud. 


PE GU AN oc; oc eu. s este dae one Icterus icterus (Linn.). 


172 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY 


Baltimore- Oriole... Icterus galbula (Linn.). 

Orchard ‘Oriole; 2) 2.- 214 - Icterus spurius (Linn.). 

Cuban Oriole 42.6 ier Icterus hypomelas (Bonap.). 

Wagler Oriole ena. a Icterus wagleri Scl. 

Hooded’ @riole sn rsa. at Icterus cucullatus (Swains.). 

Yellow-tailed Oriole ..... Icterus mesomelas (Wagl.). 

Bullock {Oriole ye si. Icterus bullocki (Swains.). 

Alta Miran Oriole= oes ar Icterus gularis tamaulipensis Ridgw. 

Purples Gracklesey..cc Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (Linn.). 

Bronzed Grackle\.3.. 7... =) Quiscalus quiscula aeneus (Ridgw.). 

Little Boat-tailed Grackle. .Quiscalus lugubris Swains. 

Great-tailed Grackle .....Megaquiscalus major macrourus 
Swains. 

Chopic Boat-tail 4-2 4 = dphobus chopi (Vieill.). 


Family OrtoLtipar, European Orioles. 


European Golden Oriole ..Oriolus galbula Linn. 
Black-headed Indian Oriole. Oriolus melanocephalus Linn. 


Family EvLaBETIDAE, Glossy Starlings. 


Purple-crowned Glossy 
Starlings eee ter Calornis metallica (Temm.). 
Green Glossy Starling ....Calornis chalybea (Horsf.). 


Family SturNrIDAE, Starlings and Mynas. 


English Starling)... 0. Sturnus vulgaris Linn. 

Malabar Myna- chr sonic. Poliopsar malabaricus (Gmel.). 
Black-headed Myna ...... Temenuchus pagodarum (Gmel.). 
Common Myna: .. 22.42... <2 Acridotheres tristis (Linn.). 
Brown Myna..7 2.6 t oe dcridotheres fuscus (Wagl.). 
Yellow-crowned Myna ....dmpeliceps coronatus (Blyth.). 
Larger Hill Myna .......Mainatus intermedius (Hay). 
Rosée-colored Pastor ....-. Pastor roseus (Linn.). 


Family Corvipar, Ravens, Crows, and Magpies. 


Kuropean; Raven jason «1c: Corvus corax corax Linn. 
American Raven 2]. .<..... Corvus corax sinuatus (Wagl.). 
INorthern= Ravenya. 2.4 era Corvus corax principalis Ridgw. 


White-necked Raven ...... Corvus cryptoleucus Couch. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT. vs 


UO OSrrse yt erate ras eheteye area as Corvus frugilegus Linn. 

ACOA: Suara riety nenes o sxees Corvus monedula Linn. 

AMerIGAN CLOW. ys 78 = «lat Corvus brachyrhynchus (Brehm.). 

ITS SO ROW? corctegeistsiolres acets Corvus ossifragus Wils. 

Clark Nutcracker <7... ° =1 Nucifraga columbiana (Wils.). 

European’ Magpie --..:..- Pica pica pica Linn. 

American Magpie ........ Pica pica hudsonia (Sab.). 

White-throated Magpie-Jay Callocitta formosa formosa 
(Swains.). 

Green Hunting Crow ..... Cissa chinensis (Bodd.). 

Wandering Tree-Magpie. ..Dendrocitta rufa (Scop.). 

Green Jay ..............Xanthoura luxuosa luxuosa (Less.). 

Rio Grande Green Jay ....Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens 
Ridgw. 

California Tay wise. ss ann 2 Aphelocoma californica (Vig.). 

Woodhouse Jays... 26%. 2.2 1 phelocoma woodhousei (Baird). 

Mexican Sieber Jay ......: Aphelocoma sieberii sieberi (Wagl.). 

Ealamanca Jay .. 3052. Cyanocorax affinis zeledoni Ridgw. 

MSIE AY: tee acute tao Sires Cyanocitta cristata cristata (Linn.). 

Floridaxblue Jay oo... .... Cyanocitta cristata florincola Coues. 

Blue-fronted Jay =..-..-.- Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis 
(Ridgw.). 

NZECOCRIAY ccs 5 Sepik sie ce. Cyanocitta stelleri azteca Ridgw. 

HULOPeala JAY 06 ae soc: Garrulus glandarius (Linn.). 

WWaneeolated: Jay. ...1....- Garrulus lanceolatus Vig. 

Canad ae ayes vero sphstekte. Perisoreus canadensis canadensis 
(Linn.). 


Alpine (Chough 222.0034 Pyrrhocorax alpinus Vieill. 


BY-LAWS 


OF THE 


NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
AMENDED TO JANUARV IQ, 1909. 
ARTIC Be 


MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 


SEcTION 1. The office and place of business of the New York Zoologi- 
cal Society shall be in the City of New York, unless otherwise ordered. 


Sec. 2. The Society shall hold its annual meeting for the election of 
Managers, and other business, on the second Tuesday of January, or such 
day thereafter during the month of January to which said annual meeting 
shall adjourn. 


Sec. 3. Special meetings of the Society shall be called by the Secre- 
tary, upon the request of the President or the Chairman of the Executive 
Committee, or at the written request of ten members. 


Sec. 4. Notices of all meetings shall be mailed to each member of the 
Society at least three days before such meeting. 


Sec. 5. At meetings of the Society twenty members shall constitute 
a quorum. 
Sec. 6. The order of business shall be as follows: 
1. Roll call. 
2. Reading of minutes not previously read. 
3. Report of Executive Committee. 
4. Report of Secretary. 
5. Report of Treasurer. 
6. Report of the Director of the Zoological Park. 
7. Report of Director of the Aquarium. 
8. Election of Managers. 
9. Communications. 
10. Miscellaneous business. 
11. Reports and resolutions. 


RAGE ET 
BOARD OF MANAGERS. 


Sec. 1. The Board of Managers shall consist of thirty-six members, 
together with the Mayor of New York and President of the Park Board, 
or Commissioner for the Bronx, who shall be members e.wv-ffiicio of the 
Board. 


Sec. 2. Nineteen Managers shall constitute a quorum, but ten man- 
agers may transact current business, and adjourn, subject to the subse- 
quent approval of a meeting at which a quorum shall be present. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Li 


Sec. 3. The Board of Managers shall hold an annual meeting on the 
third Tuesday of January, or on such day thereafter to which said annual 
meeting shall adjourn. Regular meetings of the Board may also be called 
by the Secretary on the third Tuesdays of October and April upon 
the request of the President or Chairman of the Executive Committee. 
Special meetings of the Board shall be called at any time by the Secretary, 
upon the request of the President or Chairman of the Executive Com- 
mittee, or at the written request of five Managers. 

Sec. 4. Notices of meetings of the Board shall be mailed to each 
Manager at least three days before such meetings. 

Sec. 5. The successors to the outgoing class of Managers shall be 
elected by the Society at its annual meeting, but vacancies in the Board 
may be filled for the unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the 
Executive Committee. 


Sec. 6. A Nominating Committee shall be annually appointed by the 
Executive Committee, and shall consist of three members of the Society 
at large, who shall nominate and post ten days before the annual election 
the names of twelve persons to succeed the outgoing class of Managers in 
a conspicuous place in the office of the Society. 


Sec. 7. No person shall be eligible for election to the Board of Man- 
agers, except to fill vacancies, unless his name shall have been posted as a 
candidate by such Committee, or by not less than ten members, in writing, 
in a conspicuous place in the office of the Society ten days before the 
annual election. All candidates for election as Managers must be Life 
Members, Patrons, Associate Founders, or Founders of the Society. 


Sec. 8. Any Manager who shall fail to attend three consecutive meet- 
ings of the Board, unless excused by vote of the Board, shall cease to be 
a Manager. 

Sec. 9. The Board of Managers shall at its annual meeting elect a 
President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall 
hold office for one year, or until their successors are elected. The Presi- 
dent, Vice-Presidents, and Treasurer shall be members of the Board. 

Sec. 10. The Director of the Zoological. Park, the Director of the 
Aquarium, and all other persons employed by the Society, shall be ap- 
pointed by the Board or by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office 
during the pleasure of the Board. 

Sec. 11. The Board shall, at its annual meeting, elect an Executive 
Committee and Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year, 
or until their successors are elected. The Board of Managers and the 
Executive Committee shall also have authority to appoint such other Com- 
mittees or Officers as they may at any time deem desirable, and to dele- 
gate to them such powers as may be necessary. 

Sec. 12. The order of business of the meetings of the Board shall be 
as follows: 

Roll call. 

Reading of minutes not previously read. 
Report of Executive Committee. 

Report of Secretary. 

Report of Treasurer. 

Report of Auditing Committee. 

Report of Director of the Zoological Park. 
Report of Director of the Aquarium. 
Election of Officers. 

Election of Committees. 

Election cf new members. 
Communications. 

Miscellaneous business. 


HH He 
QNADO WRN AMREWD HA 


176 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Sec. 13. All reports and resolutions shall be in writing, and the ayes 
and nays may be called on any resolution at the request of one Manager. 


Sec. 14. Whenever the funds of the Society shall permit, the Board 
of Managers or the Executive Committee may award medals or other 
prizes for meritorious work connected with the objects of the Society. 


ARPTICEE, Tif. 


OFFICERS. 


Sec. 1. The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two 
Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a Director of the Zoological 
Park. These officers, with the exception of the Director, shall be elected 
at the annual meeting of the Board of Managers, but any vacancy may be 
filled for an unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive 
Committee, until the next annual election. 


Sec. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of 
the Society, and shall be ex-officio a member of the Executive and Auditing 
Committees. 


Sec. 3. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, 
perform his duties and possess his powers, acting in the order of their 
election. 


Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall receive, collect and hold, subject to the 
order of the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, all dues, 
subscriptions, warrants from the City, fees and securities. He shall pay 
all bills as ordered by the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, 
and shall report to the Society at its annual meeting, and to the Board of 
Managers at all regular meetings, and to the Executive Committee at each 
meeting. He shall keep all moneys and securities in some bank or trust 
company to be approved by the Board of Managers or Executive Com- 
mittee. The books of the Society shall at all times be open to the inspec- 
tion of the Managers. 


Sec. 5. The Secretary shall be a salaried officer of the Society. He 
shall be present, unless otherwise relieved by the Board or Executive 
Committee, at all meetings of the Society, of the Board, and of the Stand- 
ing Committees. He shall keep a careful record of all proceedings, shall 
have the custody of the seal, archives and books, other than books of 
account, and shall conduct the correspondence of the Society. He shall 
issue all notices and tickets, and shall perform such other duties as the 
Board may direct. He shall be a member e--officio of the Executive, 
Aquarium, and Auditing Committees, and of the Scientific Council. 


Sec. 6. The Director of the Zoological Park shall be elected annually 
by the Executive Committee at a salary to be determined by said Com- 
mittee, and paid monthly from: funds of the Society. He shall be the 
responsible administrative officer of the Park, and shall recommend to the 
Executive Committee candidates for the various positions in the Park. 
He shall also perform all such other duties in connection with the busi- 
ness, scientific, and literary administration of the Society as may be 
assigned to him by the Executive Committee. 


Sec. 7. The Director of the Aquarium shall be elected annually by 
the Executive Committee, and shall hold office until removed or his suc- 
cessor is chosen by said Committee. He shall be the responsible admin- 
istrative officer of the Aquarium, and shall recommend to the Executive 
Committee all candidates for positions in the Aquarium. The Director 
of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio a member and Chairman of the Aqua- 
rium Commitee. He shall perform such other duties in connection with 
the Aquarium as may be assigned to him by the Executive Committee. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 1177 


ARTICLE, TV. 
COM MITTEES. 


Sec. 1. There shall be two standing committees, the E xecutive Com- 
mittee and the Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year 
or until their successors are elected. 


Sec. 2. The Executive Committee shall consist of seven Managers, 
together with the President and Secretary of the Society ex-ficio. Four 
members shall constitute a quorum, and all meetings shall be called by the 
Chairman. The Executive Committee shall fill all vacancies in its own 
number and shall have the full powers of the Board of Managers, except 
so far as such delegation of power may be contrary to law. 


Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall have the control and regula- 
tion of the collections, library, and all other property of the Society, ae 
shall have power to purchase, sell, and exchange specimens and books, 
employ and control all officials and employees of the Society, Park, Noe 
Aquarium, and generally to carry out in detail the directions of the Board 
of Managers and the terms of any contract between the City, or Park 
Board, and the Society. 


Sec. 4. All the rules and regulations for the examination of applicants 
for the various positions in the Park and Aquarium shall be made or ap- 
proved by the Executive Committee. 


Sec. 5. The Executive Committee may regulate the auditing and pay- 
ment for all current accounts. 


Sec. 6. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aqua- 
rium Committee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Section 11 of 
Article IV of these By-Laws. 


Sec. 7. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Nominat- 
. / . . = . . 
ing Committee, whose duties and powers are set forth iu Sections 6 and 7, 
Article IT, of these By-Laws. 


Sec. 8. It shall also appoint a Scientific Council, whose powers and 
duties are set forth in Section 2 of Article V of these By-Laws. 


Sec. 9. The Committee shall make a written report at each regular 
meeting of the Board of Managers. 


Sec. 10. The Auditing Committee shall consist of three regular mem- 
bers of the Society, in addition to the President and Secretary, members 
ex-officio, and vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. It 
shall be the duty of the Auditing Committee to audit, annually, the 
accounts of the Treasurer, of the Director of the Zoological Park, and of 
the Director of the Aquarium, and any other accounts of the Society, and 
shall report to the Board of Managers at its annual meeting. 


Sec. 11. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aqua- 
rium Committee, not to exceed eight members of this Society, who shall 
hold office until their successors are chosen. All vacancies shall be filled 
by the Executive Committee. The Director of the Aquarium shall be 
ex-officio a member and the Chairman of the Aquarium Committee, and 
such Committee may vest in him any or all of its powers. The Chairman 
of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall also be 
ex-officio members of the Aquarium Committee. Three members. shall 
constitute a quorum. The Executive Committee may delegate to the 
Aquarium Committee such powers as it may deem proper. 


178 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


ARTICLE DW, 
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL. 


Sec. 1. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Scientific 
Council of not more than ten members, and shall fill all vacancies. Mem- 
bers of the Council shall hold office until their successors are appointed. 


Sec. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to act as an advisory board 
in all matters pertaining to the scientific administration of the Society, 
and especially as to the scientific features of the Park, the promotion of 
zoology by publications and otherwise, and the preservation of the native 
fauna of America. 


Sec. 3. Four members, including the Chairman, shall constitute a 
quorum. The Chairman shall be elected annually by the Council. The 
Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society 
shall be members e.v-officio of the Council. 


RoR UG bavi 
MEMBERS. 


Sec. 1. The present members and such others as shall become asso- 
ciated with them, under the conditions prescribed by the By-Laws, shall 
be members of this Society as long as they shall comply with the By-Laws. 


Sec. 2. Members failing to comply with these By-Laws, or for other 
good and sufficient cause, may be expelled from the Society by the Execu- 
tive Committee. 


Sec. 3. Candidates for membership shall be proposed and seconded by 
members of the Society. The name, occupation, and place of residence of 
every member as proposed shall be submitted for election to the Board of 
Managers or the Executive Committee, and such person, when elected, 
shall become a member upon payment of the annual dues, or of the fees 
as prescribed below. 


Sec. 4. There shall be a class known as Fellows, which shall consist 
of members of the Society who have rendered marked services to science, 
and shall be chosen by the Executive Committee. The privileges and dues 
of Fellows shall be, in all respects, the same as those of regular members 
of the Society. 


Sec. 5. The annual dues shall be ten dollars, payable in advance, on 
the first day of May of each year, but the Executive Committee may remit 
the dues for the curent year in the case of members elected between Jan- 
uary Ist and May Ist of each year. The classes of membership shall be as 
follows: 


Sec. §. The payment of $200 at one time shall constitute any member 
a Life Member. 


Sec. 7. The payment of $1,000 at one time, or in the case of a Life 
Member, of $800, shall constitute any member a Patron. 


Sec. 8. The payment of $2,500 at one time, or in the case of a Patron 
of $1,500, or of a Life Member of $2,300, shall constitute any member an 
Associate Founder. 


Sec. 9. Any member who shall donate to the Society $5,000, or prop- 
erty of equal value, or any Associate Founder who shall donate $2,500, or 
any Patron who shall donate $4,000, may be elected by the Board of Man- 
agers or Executive Committee a Founder. 


THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 179 


Sec. to. Any member who shall have donated to the Society ten thou- 
sand dollars ($10,000), or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of 
Managers or the Executive Committee a Founder in Perpetuity. Such 
Founder in Perpetuity shall have the power to designate by a last will and 
testament his successor, who shall thereupon be entitled to all the rights 
and privileges of the original Founder in Perpetuity, including the right of 
designating in turn his successor. 


Sec. 11. Any member who shall have donated to the Society $25,000, 
or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers, or the Execu- 
tive Committee, a Benefactor. Benefactors shall have the rights and 
privileges of a Founder in Perpetuity. 


Sec. 12. Persons who have rendered marked service in the science of 
zoology or natural history may be elected Honorary Members, but not 
more than three such Honorary Members shall be elected in any one 
calendar year. 


Sec. 13. A resident member who shall have rendered marked scien- 
tific or professional services to the Society in any branch of its work may 
be elected by the Executive Committee a Life Member, Patron, Associate 
Founder, or Founder. A resident of New York who shall have rendered 
marked service in zoology or natural history may be elected by the Ex- 
ecutive Committee a Permanent Fellow. 


Sec. 14. Non-residents who communicate valuable information to the 
Society, or who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or 
natural history, may be eletced Corresponding Members. 

Sec. 15. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate 
Founders, Patrons, Life Members, Honorary Members, Permanent Fel- 
lows, and Corresponding Members shall be exempt from annual dues. 


AR TIGER, Vill 
PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS. 


Sec. 1. A member’s ticket admits the member and his immediate 
family to the Park on reserve days, and to all lectures and special exhibi- 
tions, and may be used by the member’s immediate family, and shall be 
good for the current year. 


Sec. 2. Admission tickets to the Park and Aquarium on reserve days 
are issued to members for distribution, and are good for the current year. 


Sec. 3 Each member of the Society is entitled annually to a mem- 
ber’s ticket and to ten admission tickets. 


Sec. 4. Each member shall also receive one copy of the catalogue or 
handbook, the report and official publications of the Society, and_ shall 
have all the privileges of the Library and Members’ Building. 


Sec. 5. No member shall be entitled to the privileges enumerated in 
this Article unless his annual dues shal] have been paid. 


Sec. 6. The Life Members shall have all the privileges of members 
and ten additional admission tickets. 


Sec. 7. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate 
Founders and Patrons shall have all the privileges of Life Members, and 
shall in addition receive copies of all scientific works published by the 
Society. 


180 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


Sec. 8 Any member who shall fail to pay his annual dues within 
three months after the same shall have become due, and after notice of 
thirty days, by mail, shall cease to be a member of the Society; subject, 


however, to reinstatement by the Board of Managers or Executive Com- . 


mittee for good cause shown. 


Sec. 9. Any person elected to membership who shall fail to qualify 
within three months after notice of his election shall be considered to have 
declined his election; but such term may be extended by the Board of 
Managers or Executive Committee. 


ARTICLE VIII. 
FINANCES. 


Sec. 1. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be the calendar year 
commencing January Ist and ending December 31st. 


Sec. 2. Neither the Society nor any of its Managers or Officers shall 
contract any debt which, with existing debts, shall exceed in amount the 
funds then in the Treasury, except to meet expenditures for which the 
City is liable, and for which the Society will be reimbursed by’ warrants 
from the Comptrollers’ office. 


ARTICLE TX: 
AMENDMENTS. 


Sec. 1. Amendments to these By-Laws may be proposed, in writing, 
at any meeting of the Board of Managers, and adopted by unanimous con- 
sent of the Managers present, or if such proposed amendment shall fail to 
receive unanimous consent, the Secretary shall, with the notices of the 
next meeting, send a copy of it to each Manager and state that it will be 
brought up for action at such meeting, when it may be passed by a ma- 
jority vote. 


ey 


Si tia am, 


ACCOUNT, income, 46 
Acknowledgments, 43 
Administration building, 36 
department of, 78 
American Museum, 31 
André, Eugene, 65 
Aquarium, attendance, 33, 88 
Detroit, 86 
improvements, 87 
improvement fund, 35 
labels, 88 
maintenance of, 35 
New York, 41 
popularity of, 32 
report, 85 
temperatures, QI 
Attendance, 57 
Audit committee report, 54 
Aviary, eagles’, 37 
Avery, Samuel P., 62 


Batrp Court, 77 

Beach, Rex, 35, 62 

Bedford, Duke of, 62 

Beebe, C. William, 32, 65 

Beerbower, G. M., 83 

Billings, F. S., 42 

Birds, department of, 65 
list of, 67, 143 

Births, list of, 63 

Bison preserves, 31 

Blake, Captain H., 35, 63 

Blue-head, 120 

Boating, 80 

Boston University, 40 

Bowdoin, G. S., 62 

Bradley, John R., 42 

Brewster, Robert S., 35, 62 

Bronx Parkway Commission, 40 

Buildings, new, 35 

Butnee, Gustav, 35 

By-laws, 174 


Hudex 


CARNEGIE, Andrew, 35, 62 
Laboratory, 40 
Carter, Leslie T., 63 
Caughnawana Club, 42 
Chittenden, S. B., 35, 63 
=Cluck,? 120 
eaCoeh Wink 102 
Collections, animal, 37 
summary of, 70 
| Color changes of fishes, 93 
Committee, Executive, 31 
Concourse, 77 
Coney, I17 
Cow fish, 120 
Crane, Zenas, 62 
Crematory, 77 


Date, Annie Kellogg, 35, 63 
Deaths, list of, 142 
unusual causes of, I41 
Decennial, celebration of, 31, 32 
Department, bird, 65 
forestry, 39, 72 
health of New York, 4o 
mammal, 61 
medical, 40 
Director, Park, report, 57 
Disston, Henry, 42 
Distemper, I40 
Ditmas, Re 1..,.32;01, 6c 
Doctor fish, 117 
Dugmore, A. R., 97, 105 


Epwarps, Harry, 42 

Eggeling, O., 68 

Engineering, department of, 83 
Enteritis, gastro, 139 
Evermann & Marsh, tot 


Fercuson, Mrs. Farquhar, 62 
Filaria, bronchial, 142 
Finances, 33 

Fish Commission, New York, 89 


182 


Fish, green-parrot, 109 
hatchery, 89 


nigger, I17 
pig, 111 
red-parrot, 107 
trigger-, 118 


Fisheries, Congress, International, 


41, 90 

Bureau, United States, 890 
Ford, James B., 62 
Forestry, 72 
Fund, animal, 33, 47 

animal, special, 35 

aquarium, 52 

aquarium improvement, 52 

endowment, 31 

general, 34, 45 

ground improvement, 34, 49 

maintenance, 48 

Stokes’ Bird, 34, 53 


GaG, 115 
Gastro-enteritis, 139 
Gate, receipts, 83 
Gifts, aquarium, 131 
aquarium lbrary, 134 
Heads and Horns, 1209 
important, 35, 62 
Park. 12% 
Park library, 128 
Goat, Rocky Mountain, 63 
Grant, Madison, 31, 32 
Groat, Mrs. L. W., 63 
Ground improvements, 70, 72, 76 
Grouper, black, 115 
Nassau, 105 
red, I05 
yellow-fin, 115 
Grunt, red-mouthed, 113 
yellow, 111 
Guide book, 81 


Hocrisu, 118 

Harkness, Edward S., 35, 62 
Hart, Frank, 42 

Haupt, Dr -L 62 

Hayward, Captain, 63 


Heads and Horns, National collec- 


tion, 41 


INDEX 


Hennessy, W. P., 70 
Hind, red, 107 
Hopkins, George B., 62 


Hornaday, Dir W. ©, 31,232; 43, Obs 


House, FE: Ji; 42 
Elephant, 33, 58, 61, 70, 71, 78, 82 
Zebra, 37, 61 

Hulse, Richard J. E., 63 


INJURIES, I4I 

Insect pests, 73 
Installations, new, 35 
Institute, Rockefeller, 40 
Italian garden, 73 


JENNINGS, Oliver G., 62 
Jordan & Evermann, 97 


KAEGEBEHN, Alfred, 63 
Krouse, Capt. Siegfried, 63 


LarNeED, Edward P., 42 

Life, wild, conservation of, 31 
Lobsters, large, 87 

Lounsbery, R. P., 62 


MAINTENANCE, department of, 72 
general, 74 
Mammals, department of, 61 
health of, 64 
list of, 65 
Melchert, H., 63 
Membership, 33 
Merkel, H. W., 72 
Mitchell, H. R., 78 
William, 78 
Morgan, Ps Jr 62 
Morton, Levi P., 43 


Nicuots, Mrs. William, 62 
Norton, George F., 42 


OBITUARY, 42 

O’Connor, Maurice, 63 
Octopus, 88 

Osborn, Wilham Church, 62 
Osteomalacia, 138 
Ostrander, Carlos E., 63 


PARALYSIS, cage, 138 
Phillips, John M., 42 
Phipps, Henry, 62 
Phoenix, Lloyd, 62 
Pierrepont, John J., 62 
Pneumonia, 140 
Policing, 74 
Porgy, jolt-head, 118 
Potter, Wilson, 42 
Pratt, George D., 62 
Privileges, 78, 79 
Publications, 42 
department of, 84 


RAINEY’S corpuscles, 141 
Repairs, 74 
Reptiles, census of, 70 
department of, 68 
Research, zoological, 32 
Restaurant, rocking-stone, 81 
Rheumatism, 137 
Rickets, 138 
Riding animals, 81 
Riker, Samuel, Jr., 62 
Robinson, Nelson, 35, 62 
Rockefeller, William, 35 
Rockfish, princess, 113 
tiger, I17 
Roderico, Trixie, 35 
Rubbish war, 57, 59 
Rungius, Carl, 42 


Runyan, Edward Wheelock, 68 


INDEX 183 
SANBORN, Elwin R., 84 

Saunderson, Armar D., 62 

Schenck, Chief Engineer Martin, 70 
Schoolmaster, 119 

Senff, Charles H., 35, 62 

Sergeant major, 119 

Smith, Dr. A. Donaldson, 42 
Snapper, gray, 119 

Spencer, L. B.; 120 

Statements, treasurer's, 45 

Stone, F. A., 35, 62 

Sturgis, Mrs. Frank K., 66 


TANG, blue, 117 
Townsend, Charles H., 32, 43, 93 
Trigger-fish, 118 
green, 120 
Tuberculosis, 140 
International Congress, 40 
in wild animals, 40 
Turtles, sea, 87 
Tuxedo Club, 86 


VETERINARIAN, 40 
report of, 137 
Wort Iecnin ln, (Cy 2 


WALKS, 77 
Whitman, Clarence, 35 


ZOOLOGICA, 32, 66 

Zoological Park, attendance, 33 
maintenance of, 34 
popularity of, 32 


™~ 


655859 


Biological 


York zoological Society 


Annuel report. 
ve 13(1908) 


New 


& Medica] 


Serials 


biol 


University of Toronto 


BiolowieaMbrary 
& Medical 


Serials —— 


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