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MUVdATVOIDOTIOOZ AHL NI ‘HVNIC ‘VTTIMOD ATIVWEA ONNOA
Ve ot
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
—s
OF THE ©
NEW YORK
ZOOLOGICAL, SOCIETY
CHARTERED IN 1895
OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY
A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK
THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS
THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY
1914
NEW YORK
OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 11 WALL STREET
JANUARY, 1915
COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY
THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Glark & Fritts
PRINTERS
209 WEST 38TH STREET
NEW YORK
CONTENTS
BOARD OF MANAGERS
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY
OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND Aquarium
MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY :
SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE CoMMITTEE
OBITUARY—John Lambert Cadwalader :
RESOLUTIONS FOR PROMOTION OF WILD LIFE PROTECTION .
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ; , W. T. Hor eect
REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD
INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY MEDICAL CONGRESS
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: AQUARIUM,
Charles H. Townsend
TREASURER’S REPORT
Income Account
Maintenance Fund
Ground Improvement Fund
Animal Fund .
Stokes’ Bird Fund
Heads and Horns
Library Fund
Aquarium Maintenance Fund ; :
New Building Fund—Corporate Stock No. 92.
Endowment Fund ; ;
Endowment Fund Income ‘Aceaiant
Cadwalader Animal Fund
Wild Life Fund
Improvement and Repair Account
Carnegie Pension Fund
Pension Fund Income Account
AUDIT COMPANY’S REPORT
AUDITING COMMITTEE’S REPORT
LIST OF GIFTS TO THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL ‘SocIETY
Zoological Park
Heads and Horns —
Aquarium
DOCUMENTS : ;
Articles of Tneorporation :
By-Laws
INDEX
106
109
119
131
132
133
135
135
136
136
137
137
138
139
139
140
140
141
141
143
144
145
155
156
159
162
169
ILLUSTRATIONS
GORILLA . ; ; ; ; ‘ : ; Frontispiece
RGVAGINIAN LION |. 6c? re ea ee 8G
Musk-Ox : é : j z ‘ Bis =a : 44
HIMALAYAN TAHR . . ? : : ‘ ; : 60
AFRICAN RHINOCEROS ; : : 3 ‘ 64
SPRINGBOK ; z e ; ; ; 5 ‘ : 71
GORILLA—TW0O POSES : : ; : : ‘ ; 74
HARTEBEESTE ..- ; > : - : : ; 77
HOUSE FOR WILD EQUINES ' Z : ; ; ‘ 80
WILD PARSNIP ‘ ; , : ; i ‘ : 91
PURPLE IRIS. ; ‘ F ‘ : . : 2. | £02
INDIAN RHINOCEROS : . 3 : , : cites
SALT-WATER BREAM : : : : : , ee SEES
PIN-F ISH : : : : : : ; j <a kee
TEN-POUNDER ; : : ‘ ‘ ; : ~ S22
BLOTCHED GIRAFFE . : ‘ é : : ‘ : 130
<8
.
eee
Board of Managers
ra
Ex-officio:
jTHE MAyor of the City of New York.
\ THE PRESIDENT Dep’t of Parks, City of New York.
CLASS OF 1916
F. AUGUSTUS SCHERMERHORN,
PERCY R. PYNE,
GEORGE B. GRINNELL,
GEORGE C. CLARK,
CLEVELAND H. DODGE,
C. LEDYARD BLAIR,
FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE,
W. AUSTIN WADSWORTH,
EMERSON MCMILLIN,
ANTHONY R. KUSER,
WATSON B. DICKERMAN,
MORTIMER L. SCHIFF.
CLASS OF 1917
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN,
WILLIAM C. CHURCH,
LISPENARD STEWART,
H. CASIMIR DE RHAM,
CHARLES F.. DIETERICH,
JAMES J. HILL,
CLASS
LEvI P. MORTON,
ANDREW CARNEGIE,
MADISON GRANT,
WILLIAM WHITE NILEs,
SAMUEL THORNE,
HENRY A. C. TAYLOR,
GEORGE F. BAKER,
GRANT B. SCHLEY,
WM. PIERSON HAMILTON,
ROBERT S. BREWSTER,
EDWARD S. HARKNESS,
WILLIAM B. Oscoop FIELD.
OF 1918
FRANK K. STURGIS,
GEORGE J. GOULD,
OGDEN MILLS,
LEWIS RUTHERFURD MorRIS,
ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON,
HENRY M. TILFORD.
OFFICERS
OF THE
New York Zonlogical Soriety
President:
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN.
First Vice-President: Second: Vice-President:
SAMUEL THORNE. MADISON GRANT.
Secretary: Treasurer :
MADISON GRANT, PERCY R. PYNE,
11Wall Street. 30 Pine Street.
Executive Commitier
MADISON GRANT, Chairman.
PERCY R. PYNE, FRANK K. STURGIS,
SAMUEL THORNE, LISPENARD STEWART,
WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN,
WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN,
ex-officio.
Anditing Committee
WILLIAM WHITE NILES, Chairman.
H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, LISPENARD STEWART.
General Officers
Director of the Zoological Park: WILLIAM T. HORNADAY.
Director of the Aquarium: CHARLES H. TOWNSEND.
Prosector: DR. GEORGE S. HUNTINGTON.
Architect: C. GRANT LA FARGE.
Consulting Engineer: H. DE B. PARSONS.
Assistant Secretary: H. J. SHORTER,
Assistant to the Treasurer: R. L. CERERO.
Officers of the Zonlogical Park
Director and General Curator: WILLIAM T. HORNADAY.
Chief Clerk: H. R. MITCHELL.
Curator of Reptiles: RAYMOND L. DITMARs.
Curator of Birds: C. WILLIAM BEEBE.
Assistant Curator of Birds: LEE S. CRANDALL.
Veterinarian: W. REID BLAIR.
Chief Forester and Constructor: H. W. MERKEL.
Civil Engineer: GEORGE M. BEERBOWER.
Cashier: WILLIAM MITCHELL.
Official Photographer and Editor: ELWIN R. SANBORN.
Officers of the Aquarium
Director: CHARLES H. TOWNSEND.
Assistant Director: RAYMOND C. OSBURN.
Clerk: ROBERT SUTCLIFFE.
Aquarist: W. I. DE NYSE.
Foreman: L. L. MOWBRAY.
Aquarium Conunitter
CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman.
CHARLES L. BRISTOL, EDMUND B. WILSON,
BASHFORD DEAN, CLEVELAND H. DODGE,
ALFRED G. MAYER, CHARLES B. DAVENPORT,
THOMAS H. MORGAN, CHARLES R. STOCKARD.
MEMBERS
OF THE
New York Zoulogiral Surivty
January 1, 1915
Gouorary Members
*Sm WitiiamM FLower,
*Dr. F. L. Hoest,
Str Epmunp G. Loper,
Dr. C. Hart Merriam,
Hon. Lionet Water RoTHscHiILp,
*Dr. Puinre Lutrtey Scrater,
Mr. FrepertcK CourtTENEY SE1.0Us,
*Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ,
Pror. J. A. ALLEN,
Tue Duxe or Beprorp,
Herr F. E. Braavuw,
*Mr. ArtHur Erwin Brown,
Dr. Frank M. CuHapman,
Pror. Danret Grraup ELtLiot,
Beurfactors
Baker, Georce F.,
*CADWALADER, JOHN L.,
CARNEGIE, ANDREW,
Dopcr, CLEVELAND H.,
THORNE, SAMUEL,
Bourne, Frepericx G.,
*Barney, Cuarzes T..
Dretericu, Cuartes F.,
Govutp, GrorcE J.,
Harxness, Epwarp S.,
Hinz, James J.,
MacKay, Ciarence H.,,
Mirts, OcpEn,
*W HITNEY,
ARrCHBOLD, JOHN D.,
Avery, SAMUEL P.,
*Barnes, JOHN S.,
Berwinpd, Epwarp J.,
Brewster, Rosert S.,
*CuisHorm, Hucu J.,
CrarK, GreorceE CRAWFORD,
*Doncr, Wir11am E.,
*GoELET, Rosert,
Huntineton, ArcHER M.,
*Huntineron, C. P.,
McMiriurn, Emerson,
*OrreNDoRFER, OswALp,
Payne, Cor. Ontver H..,
Kuser, Cor. ANtrHony R.,,
*MorGan, J. P.,
RocKEFELLER, WILLIAM.
Scutrr, Jacos H.,
Founders in Perpetuity
Morton, Hon. Levi P.,
Pyne, Percy R.,
Rosrnson, NELSON,
RocKEFELLER, JOHN D.,
Srewart, LispENARD,
Taytor, Henry A. C..
Tuompson, Mrs. Frepericx F.,
*TrorRNE, Miss PHOEBE ANNA,
Wii1am C.,
Founders
Perkins, GEeorGE W.,
Ra1neEy, Pav J.,
ScHERMERHORN, F. AvcGustus,
Scuirr, Mortimer L.,
Scutey, Grant B.,
Sueparp, Mrs. Fintey J.,
SLoanE, Witriam D.,
*Sroxes, Miss CaroLttnr PHELPps,
Srureis, Frank K.,
Trevor, Miss Etry.
Trevor, Mrs. Joun Bz,
*V ANDERBILT, CORNELIUS,
VANDERBILT, WitiiAm K.,
Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE Eno,
* DECEASED.
14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Associate Founders
*Bascock, SAMUEL D.,
Buair, C. Lepyarp,
*CarTER, JAMES C.,
*Crocker, GEORGE,
pERuam, H. Casimir,
*Jesup, Morris K.,
Oszorn, Pror. Henry Farrriexp,
RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA,
*ScHUYLER, PHILIP,
Scuuyter, Mrs. Purp,
Srurcis, Mrs. Franx K.,
Tirrany & Company,
VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS,
*ArNOLD, Hicks,
Avcuinc toss, Mrs. Huen D.,
Barney, JAMES W.,
*Buiss, Cornettus N.,
*Buiss, Georce T.,
Bronson, Encar BrErecuer,
Crarx, Mrs. George Crawrorp,
*ConsTABLE, FrepERIcK A.,
*Coox, Henry H.,
Enret, GEorGE,
*FLoweEr, Roswe tu P.,
Forp, James B.,
*Forp, J. Howarp,
GouLp, JR., Epwin,
Harkness, Cuartes W.,
Harrison, Jr., Georce L.,
Hawkes, Mrs. McDoveatt,
*HavemMeyer, Henry O.,
*HavEMEYER, WiLi1aAM F.,
*Hewirr, Asram S.,
Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T.,
House, Epwarp J.,
*HorrMan, Very Rev. E. A.,
*IseLiIn, ADRIAN,
*James, D. WILLIs,
James, NorMAN,
James, Dr. Watter B.,
JENNINGS, Miss A. B.,
*Lewis, Mrs. GrorGeE,
Mayer, Dr. Atrrep G.,
Patrons
Morris, NEWBOLD,
*Morris, A. NEWBOLD,
*Morris, Mrs. A. Newson,
Ossorn, WiLi1am CHuURCH,
*Ossorn, Mrs. Wirixiiam H.,
Poor, Henry W.,
*Pyne, Mrs. Percy R.,
Ryan, Tuomas F.,
*ScHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C.,
Sacre, Mrs. RusseEx1,
SrLigMAN, Isaac Newton,
*Senrr, Cuarwes H.,
Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER,
*STICKNEY, JOSEPH,
SrickNEy, Mrs. JoseprH,
Taytor, Jr., JAMES B.,
Tuorne, Epwin,
Tuorne, Francis B.,
TxornE, Henry S.,
TuorneE, JoeL W.,
Tuorne, Lanpon K.,
TxHoRNE, JR., SAMUEL,
TuorneE, S. BrincKERHOFF,
TxorNE, Vicror C.,
*THORNE, WILLIAM,
Tsaper, Mrs. Marcaret T.,
*Twomsiy, H. McK.,
*Von Post, Herman C.,
*Wess, Wiri1am H.,
*Wo rr, A.,
Wuitney, Harry,
Lite Members
Apams, Epwarp DEan,
AGNEw, Cornetius R.,
AcGnew, Georce B.,
AKELEY, Cart E.,
Awnprews, Constant A.,
ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK,
Armour, ALLIson V.,
ARNOLD, Epwarp W. C.,
*Aucuincioss, Hueu D.,
“BALLANTINE, Rosert F.,
Barsovur, 'THOMas,
Barzour, WILLIAM,
*Baruypt, Mrs. P. Hacxtey,
*Barnes, Miss Cora F.,
Barnes, J. SANFORD,
Breese, C. WILLiAM,
Bett, Mrs. C. M.,
Bett, Gorpon Knox,
Betmont, Aveust,
Berrs, Samuet Rossrrer,
* DECEASED.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 15
*BickmorE, Pror. ALBERT S.,
Birp, CHARLES SUMNER, sh
BisHor, Heser REGINALD, si
*BiackrorD, EuGene. G.,
Brair, Dr. W. Rep,
Buss, Mrs. Roserr W.,;
Buiopcett, Wiitiam Trinpon,
Boxpt, GeorceE C.,
*Bonp, Frank S.,
Boorn, Wit11am H.,
Boury, Louis J.,
*Bowpor1n, Georce S.,
*Bowporin, TEMPLE,
Braptey, J. R.,
BrinsMADE, CuHarLEs LyMan,
Brown, Georce McKessen,
*Bruce, Miss Maritpa W.,
Bucu, Miss Emity,
BurvEN, 2nd, HENRY,
BurieicH, Greorce W.,
Burr, WiInTHROP,
Burrace, Capt. Guy H.,
BusHNELL, JOSEPH,
Boutiter, Witi1am Mitt,
CaMMANN, GEoRGE P.,
Camp, Hucu N.,
*CANFIELD, Ricuarp A.,
CAULDWELL, Dr. CHaArtes MILBANK,
CHANLER, WINTHROP,
CHAPIN, CHESTER W.,
Cuapin, Cuartes M.,
CuHIsHOLM, Jr., Huen J.,
*Cuurcu, E. Dwicut,
Cuourcn, Freperic E.,
CuurcH, Mrs. Newur E.,
CuurcH, WILLARD,
CuourcH, Witt1am CoNANT,
Cxrark, F. AMBROSE,
CxiarK, Georce C., JR.,
CxarKsoN, BANYER,
Cor, -Wizt1am R.,
Corrin, CuHartes A.,
Coxreate, WILLIAM,
CoxruerR, Ropert J.,
*Cottorp, GEorcE W.,
*CoxttorD, Mrs. Grorce W.,
Coit, SAMUEL P.,
ConsTABLE, Mrs. FREDERICK A.,
*ConyNGHAM, W1x11AM L.,
*Coox, CT.
Cooper, Mrs. Cuaries W.,
CorNING, JOHN J.,
*Coxe, Davies,
CRANE, ZENAS,
Crane, Z. MarsHALI,
Crimmins, JoHN D.,
SCoxren,. C. C.,
*Davis, E. W.,
Davis, JoHN W. A.,,
Davis, Witu1aM T.,
pECopPET, Epwarp J.,
DeEERING, CHARLES,
pEHerenrA, C.,
DELAFIELD, ALBERT,
pEMituHav, Louis Joun,
DeRuam, CHARLES,
*DeRuam, CHARLES,
DeWirr, Wiriiam G.,
Dicx, J. Henry,
DickERMAN, Watson B.,
Dickey, Cuartes D.,
Dimocx, Mrs. Henry F.,
Disston, Jr., HENry,
Drirmars, R. L.,
*Dopner, Greorce EGLEestTon,
Dover, Marcettus Hartiey,
Doetcer, Cuartes P.,
*Dorexcer, PETER,
DoricerR, PETER,
Draper, Mrs. Henry,
DressterR, Oscar,
DuBois, Miss ErHet,
DuBois, Miss KATHERINE,
DuBois, Wi1ti1am A.,
Duemore, A. RADCLYFFE,
Dunuam, Enpwarp K.,
DunscomBe, GrEorGE ELtswortH,
Dwyer, THoMas,
Epcar, NEWBOLD,
Ex.tiot, SAMUEL,
Euis, W. Drxon,
Exy, Amsprose K.,
Emmet, C. TEMPLE,
Eno, Amos F.,
Farrcuitp, Hon. Cuartes S.,
Fearine, Georce R.,
Fietp, CortLanpr DEPEYSTER,
Fietp, Mrs. Wm. B. Oscoopn,
Fisuer, Mrs. Henry J.,
FLerrmaNnn, Witxt1am Mep.icort,
Furnt, Cuaries R.,
Forp, Henry,
Fraser, Miss S. Grace,
Frencu, S. Barron,
Fueuet, Howarp,
Gerry, Exsrince T.,
GoopripcE, Mrs. F. G.
Goopwin, JAMEs J.,
Gouxp, Georce H.,
Grant, DeForest,
Grant, Manptson,
GrRINNELL, GeorceE B.,
GUGGENHEIM, DANIEL,
GuGGENHEIM, S. R.,
* DECEASED.
16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
GuntTHER, Bernarp G.,
GuNTHER, FRANKLIN L.,
Gururir, Wn. D.,
*HAGENBECK, CARL,
HaGensecx, HeErnricu,
HaGensBecx, Lorenz,
Hamitton, Prervon'r MorcGan,
Hamitton, WM. Pierson,
Harpine, J. Horace,
Harkness, Mrs. S. V.,
Harrau, CHARLES J.,
Harriman, Mrs. E. H.,
Harris, ALAN C.,
Hart, Frank,
Haupt, Dr. Lovts,
Havemeyer, F. C.,
HaveMeyer, T. A.,
*Haven, Georce G.,
*Hearn, Georce A.,
*HeNDERSON, Cuzar_es R.,
*“HiGGINson, JAMES J.,,
Hirt, Hueu,
Hor, Miss Marcaret,
Hor, Ricuarp M.,
Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M.,
Horxins, Greorce B.,
Hvusparp, THomas H.,
Hype, Mrs. Ciarence M.,
Hype, James H.,
IsELIN, JR., ADRIAN,
*Jackson, Tueropore F.,
Jackson, Dr. Victor H.,
James, ArrHur Curtiss,
JENNINGS, OLIVER G.,
*Jesup, Mrs. Morris K.,
Jur~urarD, Mrs. A. D.,
Jones, Mrs. Epwarp H.,
Kaun, Orto H.,
Kane, GRANVILLE,
*KANE, JOHN INNEs,
Kine, Grorce Gorpon,
*KINGSLAND, Wituiam M..,
*KisseL, Gustav E.,
Kunuarpt, W. B.,
LaFarer, C. Grant,
Lanepon, Woopsoury G.,
LANIER, CHARLES,
Ler, Cuartes NortTHaM,
Lreeps, Mrs. Warner M.,
Leuman, S. M.,
*Lounsbery, Ben-Aur H.,
*Lounssery, Ricuarp P.,
Low, C. Apno.pHe,
Low, SETH,
Lypie, Davin,
Lypic, Carr. Purp M.,
McALEENAN, Josepu A.,
McA.upin, CHARLES WILLISTON,
McComs, J. Scorv,
McKeever, I. C.,
*McKim, Cuartes F.,
McKinney, GLENN Forp,
McLane, Guy Ricwarps,
McMiriuin, Marton,
Mackay, Donatp,
Macy, V. Evenrir,
Manperra, Percy C.,
*MaritTLann, ALEXANDER,
Matiory, Cuaries H.,
*Marc, Turopuitus M.,
*Marxoe, Dr. Francis H.,
Marine, Atrrep E.,
Marsuaty, Louis,
Maxwetz, Rosert,
Merxket, Hermann W.,
Mirus, OcneEN L..,
Mirirr, Dr. Grorce N.,
Miron, Mrs. Wo. F.,
Mircuerrt, A. M. Posr,
Mircuent, H. R.,
MircHett, Mason,
*MircHeLL, Rotanp G.,
Monet, AMBROSE,
*Moore, Mrs. James Amory,
Moore, Frepveric P.,
Moran, Daniet E.,
Morean, J. P.,
Morean, Jr., Mrs. J. P.,
Morris, Dr. Lewis RutTHERFURD,
*Morris, J AMES,
Nessirr, A. G.,
Newso.xp, THOMAS,
NEWLAND, V. M.,
Nicuozs, Mrs. Witiiam GILMAN,
Nites, J. Barron,
Nives, WittiAM Wuite,
Nixes, Mrs. Witi1am W.,
Norton, JoHn W.,
Oszporn, Mrs. Witu1AM CrourcH,
Painter, Kenyon V.,
Parisu, Henry,
Parrisu, JAMEs C.,
Preasnopy, Cuarues A.,
Prerce, Henry Ctiay,
Perkins, Witiiam H.,
Puetps, Capr. Joun J.,
Puiturres, Dr. Jonn C.,
Puriuirs, Joun M.,,
Puetrs, Mrs. M. von R.,
Purprs, Henry,
PHoEnrx, Luioypn,
PHOENIX, PHILLIPs,
Prerrevont, JOHN JAy,
Prerreront, Rosert L.,
* DECEASED,
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 17
PreRREPONT, SETH Low,
*Pincuor, J. W.,
Porter, CLARENCE,
*Porrer, Mrs. Henry C.,
Porrer, Witson,
Pratt, Datuas B.,
Proctor, A. PHIMISTER,
Puuitzer, Rarpu,
Pyne, M. Taynor,
*QuInTARD, GEORGE W.,
RayMonpb, CHarzes H.,
Riker, Jr., SAMUEL,
*Ross, J. Hamppen,
*Rogsrns, Mitton,
Rospinson, ARTHUR,
Rocers, ARCHIBALD,
Runerus, Cart,
*Russ, Epwarp,
RuTHERFURD, WINTHROP,
*Sr. JoHN, Franx L.,
Sampson, Henry,
Sartus, J. SANForRD,
*Sanps, Wiii1am R.,
Sanrorp, Henry,
SANForD, SAMUEL S.,
Sancer, Farrrietp Ossorn,
*ScHERMERHORN, J. Eemont,
*SCHIEFFELIN, EUGENE,
ScHIEFFELIN, SCHUYLER,
Scuiey, Evanver B.,
Seton, Ernest THomMpPson,
SHELDON, CHARLES,
SHERMAN, GEORGE,
SHERMAN, Witii1am Warts,
Suretps, Georce O.,
Stoan, Benson B.,
*SLoOAN, JOHN,
Stoan, Matcoim D.,
*Stoan, SAMUEL,
Stoan, SAMUEL,
SPEYER, JAMES,
Saurer, Sruart C.,
Sretson, Francis Lynope,
Stewart, Won. R., Jr.,
Sroxes, Miss Oxivia E. PuHetps,
SrraicutT, Mrs. Wrixarp,
Woop, Miss
Barzour, THomas,
Breese, C. WiLtiaM,
Srreeter, D. D.,
Srurces, FREDERICK,
Tarttron, Lestie JEFFERIS,
THaLMAN, Ernst,
Tuayer, Mrs. Ernet Ranpoipey,
Tuompson, Lewis S.,
THompson, WiLL1AM P.,
TizrorD, Frank,
Tizrorp, Henry M.,
Top, Rosert E.,
Topp, Wittr1am R.,
TowNsEND, Dr. Cuartes H.,
Trevor, Henry G.,
Trevor, JoHN B.,
Tritron, Craupe H.,
Tuck, Epwarp,
UnHLMANN, FREDERICK,
VANDERBILT, ALFRED G.,
Varnum,. Mrs. James M.,
WapswortH, Mas. W. Austin,
WapswortH, Mrs. W. A.,
Warnwricut, Ricuarp T.,
Waker, Dr. Henry FREEMAN,
Warsure, Fenix M.,
*WarRREN, SAMUEL D.,
*Watson, Francis A.,
Watson, JAMmEs S.,
Wess, Dr. W. Sewarp,
WetcHer, Mrs. Fanny Avery,
WENDELL, Evert JANSEN,
Wetmore, CHartes W.,
Wetmore, Grorce PEasopy,
Wuarton, Witiiam P.,
Wueatton, Louis N.,
Wuite, Jr., JoHN Jay,
WHITEHEAD, Patt,
Wuuitney, Caspar,
Wuuitney, CorNELIUS VANDERBILT,
Wuitney, Harry Payne,
WuitNey, Payne,
Wittets, Exmore A.,
Wittets, Howarp,
WitiaMs, CrarK,
*Wine, Joun D.,
WixtuHrop, Ecerton L.,
WoerisHorrer, Mrs. ANNA,
ELeanor DENNISTON,
Fellowst
*BicxmoreE, Pror. AxBert S.,
Brarr, Dr. W. Ret,
* DECEASED.
+The class of Fellows of the New York Zoological Society was organized
early in 1909, and includes members of the Society who are working and scien-
tific zoologists.
18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Bristot, Pror. Crarres L.,
Brooks, Dr. Hartow,
Cauxins, Pror. Gary N.,
Crampton, Pror. Henry E.,
CRANDALL, Lee S.,
Davenport, Dr. Cuartes B.,
Dean, Dr. Basurorn,
Dirmars, R. L.,
DurcHer, WILLIAM,
Grant, Manison,
Grecory, Dr. Wiiiiam K.,
GRINNELL, Georce B.,
Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T.,
Ler, Pror. Freperic S.,
Lucas, Dr. Freperic A., -
Mattrnew, Dr. W. D..
Mayer, ALrrep G.,
Merxet, Hermann W.,
Morcan, Pror. Tuomas H.,
Ossorn, Pror. Henry Farrrievp,
Osrurn, Dr. Raymonp C.,
Seton, Ernest THompson,
SHELDON, CHARLES,
Srockarpb, Dr. Cuaries R.,
Townsenb, Dr. Cuaries H.,
Witson, Pror. Enpmunp B.,
Sustaining Members
ARCHBOLD, JoHN D.,
Baker, Georce F.,
Barpour, WI LLiAM,
Forp, James B.,
Goopwin, JAMES J.,
Hamitton, Wm. PIeErson,
Havemevyer, F. C.,
Hoe, Ricsarp M.,
Hoe, Mrs. Ricuarp M.,
Hype, Mrs. Ciarence M.,
Morean, J. P.,
Morton, Levi P.,
Porter, CLARENCE,
Scuirr, Jacos H.,
Scuiey, Grant B.,
Stetson, Francis L.,
Stewart LispENARD,
Strureis, Frank K.,
VANDERBILT, ALFRED G.,
Aununal Members
Asspott, Mrs. Marie M.,
ABEEL, GEORGE,
ABEEL, JoHN H.,,
ABERCROMBIE, Davin T.,
Ass-Hacen, Ernest,
AcHELIs, FRrrvz,
ACHELIS, JOHN,
Apam, Jr., Huco S.,
ApAms, CHar.Es F.,
ApaAms, Frepertick B.,
Apams, Mrs. F. T.,
AbDAMS, JOHN DunBar,
Apams, THatcHER M.,
Apams, Mrs. Wm. CrittrenvdEN,
Avter, Dr. I.,
ADRIANCE, Mrs. Wo. A.,
*AGNEW, ANDREW G.,
AGNEw, Mrs. Cornetius R.,
AITKEN, Joun W.,
Aupricu, Mrs. JAMes Herman,
ALEXANDER, Mrs, Cuartes B.,
ALEXANDER, DovG.as,
ALEXANDER, FRANK D.,
ALEXANDER, Mrs. Heten B.,
ALEXANDER, Mrs. Henry Anpnptson,
ALEXANDER, Dr. WeEtcome T.,
ALEXANDER, Mrs. WIt11AM,
ALEXANDRE, Mrs. Joun F.,
* ALEXANDRE, J. HENRY,
ALEXANDRE, Mrs. J. Joseru,
ALLAND, MAvrRICcE,
ALLEN, Rev. Artour HvuntInGotToN,
ALLEN, EtHan,
ALLIEN, FREDERICK,
ALTscHuL, C.,
*AMEND, Rosert F.,
Amory, CopLey,
Amory, Copley, JR.,
Ams, Cuaries M.,
Amy, Ernest J. H.,
Amy, L. H., ‘
AnpeErson, ARCHIBALD J. C.,
Anpverson, P. CHAUNCEY,
Anpberson, Mrs. J. Scort,
ANDREINI, J. M,,
AppLeton, Francis R.,
APPLETON, JAMES W.,,
ArcupoLp, Mrs. J. F.,
AREND, F. J.,
Armour, Georce A..,
Armour, Mrs. Herman O.,
Armstrone, J. H.,
Armstrono, Dr. WILLIAM,
Arwnoxp, Mrs. Grover C.,
* DECEASED.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
ASPINWALL, J. LAWRENCE,
*Astor, JOHN JACOB,
Avucuinctioss, Mrs. C. C.,
Avcuincioss, Mrs. Enear S., Jr.,
Avcuincioss, Mrs. Enear S., Sr.,
AvuCHINCLOoss, Hueu,
AUCHINCLOoss, JOHN W.
AverBACH, Mrs. Josepu S.,
Aycriec, B. ArtTHur,
Aymar, Mrs. Jose,
BacueE, Jutss S.,
Bacon, Grorce W.,
Bacon, Mrs. Goruam,
Bace, Dr. Cxrinton L.,
BauwnseENn, C.,
Barrp, ALVIN V.,
Battey, Mrs. James M.,
Baxer, Cuartes H.,
Baxer, Cuas. D.,
Baker, STEPHEN,
Batpwin, Apert H.,
Batpwin, Frepericx H.,
BaLpwin, JARED G., JR.,
BaiarD, SUMNER,
*Banos, Dr. L. Borron,
Banxs, THeEopore H.,
Barpey, Henry G.,
Barcriay, Mrs. REGINALD,
Bartow, Peter TowNseEnD,
BarnarD, J. AuGustTus,
Barnes, Miss CHarortTe A..
Barnes, Epwarp W.,
BarnEs, JAMES,
Barnes, Mrs. Joun S.,
Barney, A. L.,
Barney, Asnset H.,
Barney, Mrs. J. Stewart,
Barnum, Wiri1amM M.,
Barron, Georce D.,
Barrow, Miss D. B.,
Bartiett, Purp G.,
*Barton, Wiis E.,
BartTerson, JAMEs G.,
*BauMANN, Gustav,
Baxter, Greorce S., JR.,
Bayarp, Louis P.,
Bayuies, Epmunp L.,
*Baynres, Mrs. Navarre i.,
Bayuts, WILLIAM,
Bayne, Mrs. L. P.,
BEADLESTON, ALFRED N.,
*Bear, Witiiam R.,
BEALL, JEREMIAH,
Brexman, Dr. Fenwick.
BEEKMAN, GERARD,
Beers, Mrs. E. LeGranp,
Beur, Rosert,
Betz, Louis V.,
Bex, Parx E.,
Beier, A.,
Bement, Epwarp,
Beiter, WiiiiaM F.,
Benepicr, Lemvuet C.,
BenxarpD, Harry H.,
BenxarpD, Mrs. Harry H.,
Bengzamin, Georce PoweE11,
Benson, R. LAWRENCE,
Benson, Miss Mary,
Benson, Rosert,
Benton, ANDREW A.,
Berens, Dr. T. Passmore,
BerNarD, PrerrE ARNOLD,
BEROLZHEIMER, E.,
BerNHEIM, GeorGE B.,
BERNHEIMER, CHartes L.,
*BERNHEIMER, Simon E.,
Bertron, S. R.,
BiceLtow, Wii11am S.,
Bier, Mrs. Sytvan,
Bisur, ABRAHAM,
*BittinGs, FREDERICK,
Briures, C. K. G.,
*BineHam, KENNETH F.,
Bircu, STEPHEN,
Brircuart, W. H.,
Biro, GEorGE,
Bisuorp, Miss Mary CUNNINGHAM,
Bissett, Crinton T.,
BiaGpEN, GEORGE,
Buacpen, Mrs. Georce,
Buacpen, Mrs. Jura G.,
Brarr,-D. C.,
Buarr, J. INstey,
Burair, Mrs. Lepyarp,
*BiakEsLeEE, T. J.,
Buss, Ernest C.,
Buss, Wix1t1am H.,
Buoncet, ALDEN S.,
Bxioopeoop, Rosert F.,
BiLooMINGDALE, Mrs. JosEPH
Buoss, James O.,
BorsE, Quincy Warp,
*Borertcer, H. W.,
*Bocert, Epwarp C.,
BoissEvain, G. L.,
Botton, Miss Extra F.,
Borron, Witi1am H.,,
Bonn, Arrrep H.,
Bonn, Jr., Henry R.,
Bonn, STEPHEN N.,
Bonner, G. T.,
Boorn, Mrs. Avcusta,
Boorn, Enos §.,
BorGsteDE, JOHN G.,
*DECEASED.
20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Borp, Joun,
Borztanp, J. NELson,
*Borntannp, Mrs. Joun,
Bortannb, Wiriiam G.,
*Bostwick, ALBERT C.,
Bourton, Wiiu1am B.,
Bowvorin, Miss Enpiru G.,
*Bowporn, Mrs. TemMptie,
Bowen, CLARENCE WINTHROP,
BowEN, JAMES,
Bowers, JoHN M.,
Bowne, Francis Draper,
*Brackert, Georce C.,
Brappoury, Harry B.,
Brapiey, ALLANn B. A.,
Brapy, JAMEs BuCHANAN,
*Brapy, Mrs. J. R.,
Brapy, Nicuonas F.,
Branp, Oscar J.,
Bransom, Pavt,
BrebdE, JOHN, 4
Bremer, Avcust F.,
Brewster, Mrs. BENJAMIN,
*Brewster, Mrs. Cuarres O.,
Brewster, Georce S.,
Brinces, Rosert,
Briccs, JaAMEs E.,
*BRINCKERHOFF, ELBERT A.,
BrincKERHOFF, ALEx. G.,
Bristot, Pror. Cuarues L.,
BristoL, Joun I. D.,
Bristow, Wii11Am B.,
BRODMERKEL, JR., CHARLES,
Broxaw, Cuirrorp V.,
Broxaw, Mrs. Cuirrorp V.,
Bronson, Dr. Epwarp BENNET,
Bronson, MayHew W.,
Bronson, Mrs. Metvin A.,
Brooxs, Miss Bertua G.,
Brooxs, Dr. Hariow,
Brower, GeEorce V.,
*Brown, Hon. Anpison,
Brown, Cuaries F.,
Brown, Dicxson Q.,
Brown, Epwin H.,,
Brown, Cor. Franxuin Q,,
Brown, J. Apams,
Brown, Joun Barker,
Brown, Ricnwarp E.,
Brown, STEPHEN P.,
Brown, Mrs. Tuomas E.,
Brown, VERNON CaRLETON,
Brown, Watpron P.,
Brownino, Wir1u1am H.,
Browninae, J. A,,
Brovcuron, Mrs. U. H.,
Brunoice, Miss Extsanetu B.,
Brunnow, Rupotpey E,,
Bryan, Geo. J.,
*Bryant, Dr. Joseryu D.,
Bryce, Mrs. WitcraM,
*BucHANAN, WILLIAM,
Buckner, Tuomas A.,
Bupp, Henry A.,
BuecHNER, C. Frep,
BuLtxtey, Epwin M.,
BuLtktey, Mrs. Epwin M.,
Buixiey, L. Duncan,
Butz, J. Enear,
*Buit, Wiriiam L.,
Buti, Mrs. Wu. Laman,
Burpen, James A., JR.,
Burpen, Jr., Mrs. James A.,
Burpen, Mrs. W. A. M.,
Burerss, Epwarp G.,
BurieicH, Mrs. Greorce W.,
*Burnuam, Mrs. Doveras W.,
Busy, Joun S.,
Busk, Frep T.,
Burter, Arruur W.,
Butter, Cuarzes D.,
Butter, CHarLes STEwart,
Butier, Mrs. Nicnotas Murray,
Butter, Mrs. P. H.,
Butter, Miss Vireinia,
Cazot, F. H.,
Carsar, Henry A.,,
CaHEN, Juuius P.,
*CateF, Amos H.,
CaLx1ns, Pror. Gary N.,
CaLLeNvER, Miss Mary R.,
CALLENDER, WALTER R.,
Cartman, Henry L.,
CaLMAN, ALBERT,
CamMMANN, Epwarp C.,,
CaMMANN, Henry Loritxarp,
CamMann, Herman H.,
CampsBeLL, Donaxp,
CaMPBELL, J. W. C.,
CANFIELD, GrorcGe Foucer,
CaNnNoN, JAMEs G.,
Canrosert, A. H.,
Carey, Frepericx F.,
Carey, Henry T,,
Carnart, A. SIBLEY,
Carnecie, Mrs. ANDREW,
CARPENDER, WILLIAM,
CarpEntTER, C. L.,
Carr, Mrs. Watrter L.,
Cartier, P. C.,
Case, Henry P.,
Cass, Cuartes ANDERSON,
Cassarp, Witi1am J,,
*Caswett, Jonn H.,
*DECEASED.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Catucart, Miss JENNIE R., Cocuran, G. D.,
Crrero, R. L., CocHrane, A. W. S.,
Cuaxsot, THEODORE J., Cocurang, F. D.,
Cuatmers, Artuur A., - Cocxcrort, Miss E. V.,
CHAMBERLIN, WILLIAM B., Cocxran, Hon. W. Bourke,
Cuambers, Frank R., _ Cocxran, Mrs. W. Bourke,
CuampBers, Hinary R., Coppineton, Mrs. JEFFERSON,
CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE, ° *CopMaNn, Mrs. Ocpen,
Cuanter, Rosert W., Corrin, Francis A.,
Cuaptn, Miss Marta Bowen, CorFrin, Witt1am Epwarp,
CHAPMAN, ARTHUR, Cortsron, Paut TownsEND,
CuHapMaANn, Henry Ortrts, Cotspurn, Apert E.,
CHAPMAN, JOHN Jay, ; Coxtsy, Howarp A.,
Cuauncey, Exrnu, Core, Epwarp F.,
Cuaves, JosE Epwarp, Core, Mrs. Rurvs,
Cueney, Georce L., CoxruieErR, Mrs. R. J.,
CuHEsEBROUGH, Rosert A., Corts, CLARENCE LYMAN,
CHICHESTER, CHARLES Darwin, : Coiuins, Miss Gertrude,
Cuitp, Mrs. Lewis P., Coxiins, Dr. Stacy Bupp,
Cuitps, Eversiry, Coxt, Harris D.,
Curtps, STaRLING W., Cort, Ricuarp C.,
Cuitps, Wiiit1am H., Comstock, Mrs. H. G.,
Cutsomm, Mrs. B. Ocpen, Conpon, THomas GERALD,
CutsHotm, Mrs. Huex J., Sr., ConHEIM, HERMANN,
Cuoate, Josepu K., ConTENT, Harry,
CuristTiaAncy, Greorce A. C., Conxuine, Paut B.,
CuristrE, Rosert L., Converse, Miss Mary E.,
Cuuss, Percy, Conrap, Miss Anicra D.,
Cuourcn, Cuaries T., Conway, Mrs. Maup Att1s,
Cuourcu, Jr., E. D., ConyNGHAM, JoHN N.,
Cuurcn, Grorce H., . Coox, Cuartes S.,
Cuvrcnu, F. S., Coomse, T. Gorton,
Cuurcnu, Louris P., Coorrer, H. S. FenrMore,
*Cuurcu, THeopore W., Cooper, THEODORE,
CLaFLIN, JOHN, Corsetr, Mrs. Henry L.,
Crancy, Jonn Evarts, Corsin, AUSTIN,
Crapp, A. P., Corres, Howarp,
Crark, Cuas. Hopxrns, Cornine, C. R.,
CrarK, CHARLES MartTINn, Cory, Daniet W.,
CrarK, D. CrAwrorp, Coster, Epwarp Livincston,
CrarKk, Miss E. Manet, Cowpin, WINTHROP,
Crarx, Hersert L., *Cowtes, Davin S.,
Crark, J. Francis Anoysivs, *Cox, Cuartes F.,
*Crark, J. Mrrcuett, *Cox, JENNINGs S.,
Crark, Mrs. Joun C., *Cram, Mrs. Katrurine G.,
Cxiark, Jr., Louis C., Crampton, Pror. Henry E.,
CriarK, Miss Martan AVERELL, Cranpat., Lee S.,
Crarx, W. A., *CRANE, JONATHAN H.,
CrarK, Water G., Crane, Mrs. JonatuHan H.,
Crark, Wi111AM N., Cravaru, Mrs. Paut D.,
Crarxe, F. A. S., Crawrorp, WILLIAM,
CrarKe, THomas SHIELDS, : Craven, Dr. Gustav A.,
CLAusEN, GeorcE C., CrimMins, THOMAS,
CLEMENS, Dr. James B., Crocker, Roszert S.,
Crews, Mrs. James B., Crocker, Wiri1am T.,
CLEVELAND, Miss Maser H., *CROMWELL, FREDERIC,
Crype, WiLuiam P., CroMWELL, JAMEs W.,
* DECEASED.
22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
CroMWELL, LINCOLN,
Crossy, MaunseELt S.,
Crospy, Nicnouas E.,
Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT,
Cross, Grorce D.,
Cross, W. Repmonp,
Crosstey, G. REGINALD,
*CrRUICKSHANK, JAMES,
CunNINGHAM, W. vEL.,
Curie, CHARLES,
CurtEL, H.,
Cusuine, Harry A.,,
CusHMAN, Mrs. JameEs S.,
Curtrer, Ratpu L.,
*Currinc, W. Bayarp,
Curtinc, Mrs. W. Bayarp,
Cuvier, Mrs..C. C. .
Cuvier, Miss Exeanor veG.,
Daas, Martin,
Dapmun, Geo. E.,
Dattey, GRraNviL_e F.,
Datietr, Miss Francis A.,
Dattetr, Freperic A.,
Datry, Mrs. Marcus,
*Damon, WituiaM E.,
Dana, CHaries A.,
Dana, Pavt,
Davenport; Dr. Cuartes B.,
Davenport, Mrs. Ira,
DavipcE, Wir11am H.,
Davies, FrepEertcK M.,
Davies, J. CLARENCE,
Davies, JuLIEN Tappan,
Davis, Dantet A.,
Davis, Davin T.,
Davis, GHERARDI,
Davis, Howxanp,
Davis, Josern P.,
Davis, Morean,
Davis, W. J..
Davison, CHARLES STEWART,
Davison, Miss Extra H.,
Davison, Grorce Howarp,
Davison, Mrs. Henry P.,
Day, Artuur M.,
Day, Mrs. Henry MIt1s,
Dean, Dr. Basurorp,
DeCopret, Henry,
pEForest, Miss CAroutne,
pEForest, Lockwoop,
DeForest, Rosert W.,
Decener, J. F.,
DeGorcourra, A. V.,
pEGRAFFENRIED, Baroness R.,
DeKtiyn, B. F.,
Deterretp, Epwarp C.,
DeELAFIELD, FrepERIcK P.,
Dearietp, Lewis L.,
Dearietp, Miss Jur1a Livineston,
DELANO, WARREN,
DeLanoy, Wiriu1am C.,
DELAUGIER-VILLARS, CoUNTESS,
Demorest, Mrs. Wm. Curtis,
Demine, L. C.,
Depew, Mrs. CuHauncey M..
DePuy, Henry F.,
pDERHAM, Mrs. H. Casimir,
Dery, D. Grorce,
DesparD, Watxter D.,
DEvEREUx, WALTER B.,
*DEVINNE, THEODORE Low,
*DeWirr, Georce G.,
Dexter, STANLEY W.,
*Dry, ANTHONY,
Deyo, Rosertr E.,
Dicx, Mrs. Evans R.,
Dicxerson, E. N.,
Dient, Jr., Georce H.,
Dieut, Georce H.,
Dienst, A. P.,
DrestrL, Wo.,
Dixe, Oscar D.,
Ditton, W. B.,
Dimocx, Gerorce E.,
Dinsmore, Mrs. W. B.,
Drxon, THeopore P.,
Dopp, Miss GEertrupbE,
Dover, Miss Exizaneta W..,
Donee, Francis P.,
Donce, Miss Grace H.,
DommericH, Orto L.,
*Dommericnu, L. F.,
Donatp, Miss Anna E.,
Donatpson, Rosert M.,
Doremus, F. S.,
Dovetas, JAMES,
Dovetas, Witi1aAmM H.,
Doverass, ALFRED,
Dow, Cartes M.,
Down, JosEPu,
Down, Mrs. Josern,
Downey, Joun I.,
Dowttneo, Epwarp D.,
Dows, Davin,
Dows, Mrs. Davin, Jr.,
Dows, Tracy,
*DRAKENFIELD, B. Ferpinanp,
Draper, Dr. WitiiaM K.,
Drayton, J. CoLemMan,
Draz, FRANcIs,
Drexet, Mrs. Joun R.,
Droescnuer, S. R.,
DrummMonp, I. Wyman,
Duane, Ricuarp Bacue,
* DECEASED.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 23
DuBois, Dr. Eveenr F.,
DuBois, Dr. Matrruew B.,
Duet, Dr. Artuvr B.,
Durer, Mrs. JoHN BEVERLEY,
Duties, Jr., WILLIAM,
Duncan, Mrs. Joun P.,
Duncan, Sruart,
Duncan, Mrs. Sruart,
*Duncan, W. Butter,
Dunpas, RatpH Worts,
Dunuam, Dr. Carrot,
Dunuam, Mrs. G. H.,
Dunn, Gano,
Duryea, Mrs. H. B.,
DutcuHer, WILLIAM,
DuVat, Mrs. Horace C.,
Dwicut, Joun E.,
Eames, JoHN C.,
Eastman, Miss ANNE K.,
Easton,-CuHartes Puirip,
Eaton, Mrs. Frepericx H.,
EBERMANN, Mrs. Ernest,
Ecxsre1n, GrorceE,
Ecxart, Epmunp,
Epear, D.,
Enear, Herman L. R.,
Enear, Mrs. J. Cuirron,
Encett, Georce S.,
Epmonps, Joun W.,
Epwarps, Wm. Seymour,
Ecer, THeopor G.,
Epwarps, CasE,
Ecerton, M.,
EecGELInG, Orro,
Euret, Louis J.,
Erpuitz, Roserr JAMEs,
Erzers, Cart,
Exsers, Mrs. Frrvrz,
Exprinvce, Frepericx L.,
Exorince, Witi1am T.,
Exus, Wir11am D.,
ExtswortnH, J. M.,
EtswortH, Lincoxn,
Extine, Dr. Artuur W..,
EMANUEL, JR., J. H.,
Empury, Mrs. James W.,
Emerson, Mrs. F. W.,
Emmet, Miss Lypra F.,
Emmet, Rospert TEMPLE,
Ewnnvicorr, Roserr,
*Eno, JOHN CHESTER,
Ersston, R.,
Ertancer, Mitton S.,
ErpMANN, Martin,
Esperc, Henry,
Erriincer, Lovuts,
ErpMANN, WILLIAM,
Eustis, JoHn E.,
Estrasroox, Artuur F.,
Evans, Ricuarp,
Evarts, A. W.,
Evarts, Miss Mary,
Evarts, SHERMAN,
EvELAND, FRANK,
Everett, A. L.,
Fappri, ALESSANDRO,
Fansri, Ernesto G.,
Fassri, Mrs. Ernesto G.,
Fasper, EBERHARD,
*Fanenstocx, Harris C.,
Fannestock, Dr. ERNeEst,
Fanwnestrock, Mrs. Ernest,
FaHNEsTOCcCK, WILLIAM,
Farpanks, Henry P.,
Farrcuitp, BENJAMIN L.,
Farrcuitp, Mrs. C. S.,
Faris, Mrs. DeWrrr CiinTon,
*Fatxk, Gustav,
Farco, JAMEs C.,
Farey, CoLvin,
FaRNHAM, PAULDING,
FARRELL, JAMES C.,
F arrRELLY, T. CHARLES,
FarrELL, E. J.,
Farrincton, Harvey,
Fay, Francis B.,
Fettows, War. Gorpon.
FENNELL, Greorce W.,
Frereuson, Rev. Henry,
Fercuson, Wit1tam C.,
Ferris, Hersert W.,
Feuss, Capr. ANDREW W.,
FeustmMan, Leon P.,
Fretp, Mrs. Aveustus B.,
Frevp, Mrs. Wirtr1amM H.,
Fretp, Wit1t1am B. Oscoon,
Fietpinc, Georce T.,
Fincu, Epwarp B.,
Fincxe, Mrs. Reernaxp,
Fincke, Rey. Witzi1am M.,
Fiscuer, Wirrui1am H.,
Fisuer, L. G.,
Fisk, Danret M.,
Fiaciter, Henry Harkness,
Frannery, Mrs. Josepu A.,
FLeEITMANN, Frepericx T.,
Fireminc, Henry S.,
Furnt, Jr., Austin,
FLower, FREDERICK S.,
Frioyp-Jonres, Epwarp H.,
Four, Franz,
Foor, James D.,
Foran, Georce J.,
Forp, Miss Lesta,
* DECEASED.
24 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Forpyce, JouHn A,,
Foster, Epwarp W.,
Foster, Grravp,
Foster, Macoms G.,
Foster, Scort,
Fow.rer, Mrs. ANDERSON,
Fowrer, CHaARLEs, JR.,
Fow.1er, Haroxp,
Fowrer, ‘THomas Powe tt,
Fox, Huen F.,
*Fratey, JouHn U.,
Fox, Louis V.,
Franx, Louis,
Fraser, ALEX J.,
Fraser, ALEx V.,
Fraser, Mrs. Georce C.,
*Fraser, Mrs. Georce S.,
Fraser, Miss J. K.,
Fraser, WiLi1aM C.,
FREEMAN, Miss GertrupeE A.,
Frees, JoHN F.
Frencu, Dantet C.,
Frencu, Mrs. Joun,
*Friep, SAMSON,
Fries, Dr. Haroxrp H.,
Frissect, A. S.,
Frost, Aaron V.,
FRoTHINGHAM, JOHN W.,
Fuup, FEtrx,
*Fuipa, Dr. CLEMENS,
Futiter, Cuarres D.,
Furtier, Mrs. Evcene,
Funxe, Epmunp A.,
Furniss, Miss CLEMENTINA,
Gaitiarp, Mrs. Wm. O.,
GALLATIN, ALBERT,
Gatuatin, Mrs. ALBert,
GaLuatTIn, GoELET,
GaLuaTIN, Mrs. Gore et,
Gattaway, Merritt W.,
GarreETT, JOHN W.,
Garrison, Mrs. J. H.,
Gass, Frank,
Gaunt, JAMES,
Gautier, Dupiey G.,
Gay, Joseru E.,
Geppes, Donatp G.,
Grer, Mrs. Water,
Getsacnu, Dr. R. Wirr1aM,
GerrisH, Joun Brown,
Gerry, Peter G.,
GerstLe, Epwarp G.,
GIANnINI, CuHaries A.,
Grupert, CLINTON,
Griuespiz, Roserr McM.,
Giusrty, Henry,
Guazier, Henry S.,
Guiry; We Ea
Goapsy, W. H.,
*GopparpD, Freperic N.,
Gopparp, Mrs. F. Norton,
Gopparp, Morritu,
Goprrey, Mrs. E. D.,
GoLpMAN, ALBERT,
GoLDMANN, JULIUs,
GotpMAaNN, NATHAN,
Goxtpscumint, S. A.,
Goopuve, CuHartes E.,
GoopuveE, Mrs. S. C.,
Goopwin, Georce B.,
Goopwin, Mrs. J. J.,
GoTTHELF, CHARLES,
GotrHELF, Herman,
GotrrHoLp, FREDERIC,
Goutp, Cuarties A.,
Gouin, Dr. Freperic S.,
Govutp, Cartes W.,
Goutp, Epwin,
Grauam, Mrs. Georce S.,
Granam, Mrs. Rosert D.,
*Grant, R. S.,
Grar, WILLIAM,
Graves, Jr., Henry,
Graves, GreorGe Coe,
Graves, J. P.,
Gray, Henry G.,
Greerr, Ernest F.,
GREENOUGH, JOHN,
GreEeNoucH, Mrs. JoHn,
*GrEENWooD, Isaac J.,
GREENWOOD, JosEePH R.,
GREENWOOD, J. WoM.,
GREER, CHARLES,
Grecory, Dr. Wittiam K.,
Grirrin, Mrs. Witi1am P.,
GrirritH, Miss Marcarette E.,
GrirritH, Miss Susan D.,
GRINNELL, E. Morean,
Griscom, Jr., CLEMENT A.,,
GriswoLD, CHESTER,
GriswoLD, GEORGE,
Gross, Frank,
GUGGENHEIM, SIMON,
GuGGENHEIMER, Miss Exvira,
Gurnzpure, A. M.,
Gurreras, Dr. Ramon,
Guututver, Mrs. W. C.,
GurRNEE, Watter S.,
Hacxertr, James K.,
Harren, Joun M.,
Hager, Jonn D.,
Haient, Cuartes S.,
Haines, Cuartes D.,
Haxtocx, Cuartres P.,
*DECEASED,
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Hatr, A.:C.;
Hatt Artuor H.,
Hatt, Franx L.,
Haut, Tuomas C.,
Hatuts, Jr., WIL11AM,
Hatsey, Hersert Drake,
*Hatsteap, Miss L. P.,
Hamann, Wm. A.,
Hamerstey, Miss C. L.,
Hamerstey, Louis Gorpon,
Hamirtron, Miss ADELAIDE,
Hamitton, Miss ExizapetnH StTewart,
Hamirton, Mrs. Wii11AmM Pierson,
*HammMonp, James B.,
Hammonpn, Mrs. Jonn Henry,
HammMonp, Ocpen H.,
Hance, JouHn A.,,
HansMANN, Cart A.,
Harseck, Cuarzes T.,
Harp, Anson W.,
*Harp, Mrs. Anson W.,
Harmon, Mrs. Crirrorp,
Harper, Harry,
Harper, Laturop,
Harriman, Mrs. Herzert M.,
Harriman, Mrs. J. Arpen,
Harriman, Mrs. J. Borpven,
Hartsyorne, J. M.,
Harvey, E11,
HassLaAcHER, JACOB,
Hastrnes, Mrs. Tuomas,
Havemeyer, Jr., H. O.,
Havemeyer, J. C.,
Haven, Georce G.,
Haven, J. Woopwarp,
Havens, Arpert G.,
Hawe, Marruew,
Hawk, Mrs. Wiri1Am SAMvet,
*Hayes, Mrs. R. Tomers,
Haynes, Witit1am DeForest,
Hecker, Dr. Anton J.,
Hecxscuer, Mrs. Aveust,
Heness, Jos E.,
*HeEIMAN, ABRAHAM,
Herman, E.,
Hetnrz, Joun C.,
*HEITEMEYER, CLEMENS,
HENcKEN, HanckE,
HENDERSON, JOHN B.,
*Henpricks, FRANCIs,
HeEncstier, Louis,
Hennineo, Emr F.,
Hepsurn, A. Barron,
Hepsurn, Mrs. A. Barron,
HerMann, Bernarp F.,
Hermann, Mrs. Frerprnanp,
*HERMANN, FERDINAND,
Herrick, Heroxp,
*HerRMAn, Mrs. EstHer,
Herter, Mrs. ALsBert,
Herter, Mrs. Curistian A.,,
Hess, SELMAR,
*Hewitr, Mrs. Apram S.,
Hewirr, Hersert H.,
Hexamer, A. P.,
Hicxs, Joun M. W.,
Hut, E. B.,
Hicxs, E. Pierront,
Hint, Franx B.,
Hitt, Rosert C.,
Hii1s, Dr. Atrrep K.,
HincuMAN, WALTER,
Hirscu, Cuarues S.,
HirscuHianp, Franz H.,
Hocuscuitp, BERTHOLD,
Hor, Mrs. Rosert,
HorrMan, Cuartes FREDERICK,
HorrmMan, Miss M. U.,
HorrmMan, Mrs. Wittiam M. V.,
Hoee, James A.,
Hoxrsroox, Mrs. Epwarp,
Hoxrsroox, Mrs. F. S.,
*HoipeN, Epwin R.,
*Hoxuister, Wn. H.,
Hort, Henry,
Horrer, Mrs. E. O.,
HoizMaisterR, Louis V.,
Hoorey, Epwin S.,
Hooxer, Dr. Ransom S.,
Homes, Henry F.,
Horxtns, Russet,
Hoppin, Miss FRANCEs,
Horrin, Hamittron L.,
Hoppin, Jr., Wirt1am W.,
Hornapay, Mrs. J. C.,
Hosxier, H. C.,
Horcux1n, W. B.,
Howe, Wirt,
Howett, T. A.,
*How.anp, Henry E.,
Howxranp, Mrs. Henry E.,
Hoyt, Concare,
*Hoyt, Goorp,
Hoyt, Mrs. Henry R.,
Hoyt, Mrs. Jesse,
Hoyt, Joun S.,
Hoyt, Miss Virernta Scort,
Hoyt, Watter S.,
Husparp, Watter C.,
Humpnreys, Mrs. Epwarp WatsH,
Hunn, Artuvr B.,
Hunt, Mrs. Leien,
Huntineton, Mrs. Arcuer M.,
Huntineton, Mrs. Rosert P.,
* DECEASED.
26 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
*Huntineton, Rev. W. R.,
Huntman, Rev. Gerarp H.,
Hourpre1, J. Curistian G.,
*Houriput, Franx M.,
Hussey, Wirtiam H.,
Husten, Miss M. Karirarine,
Husrep, Jr., Seymour L..,
Hutcuins, Avucustus SCHELL,
Hutcuinson, Cary T.,
*Horrer, Kart,
Hoyer; C.2D:;
Hovytuer, F. D.,
Hype, Mrs. A. Fitumore,
Hype, Aveustus L.,
Hyopr, B. T. Bassirt,
Hyper, Dr. Frepericx E.,
Hyper, Mrs. Wiriiam H.,
Hype, W. Trustow,
Isams, J. T.,
Incnes, Grorce B.,
Irons, Henry C.,
Irvin, Mrs. Ricwarp,
IseExin, C. O’DonNELL,
Isexin, C. OLtver,
Isex1n, Miss GrorGine,
IseExiIn, JoHn H.,
Iset1n, Miss Louise M.,
IsexIn, Witiiam E.,
Isexin, Mrs. Wiri1am E.,
Isexin, Wittt1am O’DonNELL,
Isnam, Cuaries B.,
IsHam, SAMUEL,
IsHam, Witiiam B.,
Jackson, Dr. Grorce THomas,
*Jacxson, R. G.,
Jackson, R. Hatsey,
*JacKson, SAMUEL MACAULEY,
Jacos, LAWRENCE,
Jacosi, Dr. A.,
Jacoss, SAMUEL K.,
Jacosus, Jonn S.,
JACQuELIN, Hersert T. B.,
JAMES, Henry, JR.,
James, Dr. Rosert C.,
James, Mrs. Water B.,
Jarvis, Mrs. S. M.,
*JANEWAY, Dr. Epwarp G.,
JENKINS, A. W.,
Jenkins, Mrs. Heren H.,
JENKINS, MICHAEL,
JENKINS, WiLi1AM B.,
JENNINGS, FREDERICK B.,
JENNINGS, PHILANDER R.,
JENNINGS, SipNEY J.,
JENNINGS, WALTER,
Jesup, Ricwarp M.,
Jounes, Wit~1aAM Fovrke,
JoHnson, F. Corr,
Jounson, Guy B.,
Jounston, J. HERBERT,
JoHnston, WiLLiAmM J.,
*JoLINE, ApRIAN Horrman,
Jones, Mrs. A. Mason,
Jones, Miss Brarrrx,
Jones, Mrs. CADWALADER,
Jones, CuHartes H.,
Jones, H. Botton,
Jones, Dwicut A.,
Jones, Dr. Israer C.,
Jones, Lewis Q.,
Jones, TOWNSEND,
Jupson, H. I.,
Kann, Fer E.,
Kaun, Lovuts, |
Kaun, Dr. Rosert J.,
Kane, Mrs. DELANcEY,
Kane, Miss Louisa Lanepon,
Kast, Dr. Lupwice,
Kauprt, WILHELM,
Kautz-EvuLenserc, Miss P. R.,
Kean, Hamizton Fisu,
Kean, Mrs. Hamitron Fisu,
Keecu, Franx B.,
Kereter, Mrs. C. B.,
Keritinc, Mrs. WHELponN,
Keen, Franx H.,
Keit, FRrANcIs,
Kem, Henry F.,
Ketioce, Mrs. CuHar es,
*KELLY, EUGENE,
Ketty, Horace R.,
KENNEDY, Epwarp G.,
Kennepby, Mrs. JoHN STEWART,
Kent, Epwin C.,
Kepnartr, Rev. Wiii1am H.,
KEPPEL, Davin,
*KEpPEL, FREDERICK,
Kernan, Mrs. Watter N.,
KeEvurreL, W. G.,
Keyes, Mrs. Cuaries W.,
Keyser, Mrs. SAMUEL,
Kipper, JAMEs HatuHaway,
Kimpatrt, Aurrep R.,
Kine, Aveustus F.,
Kino, Miss Eruet,
Kine, James Gore,
Kine, Mrs. J. Howarp,
Kine, Mrs. Leroy,
Kinostanp, Mrs. Wiiiiam M.,
Kinney, Morris,
Kinney, WarREN,
Kinney, Mrs. Warren,
*Kinnicurt, Dr. Francis P.,
Kir, W. Rvotorr,
* DECEASED.
q
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.
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a
6
‘
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A
‘
<=
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Kircuinc, Frank W.,
KurrreDGE, SAMUEL Dana,
Kurz, JosEepH,
Kiaw, Marc,
*Kier, BENJAMIN,
Knapp, ARNOLD,
Kwapp, Jr., Mrs. Harry K.,
Kwapp, Mrs. JosepH PALMER,
Knicut, Cuarres R.,
KNoEDLER, Rotanp F.,
Koenter, H. C.,
‘KonHitMAN, CHARLES,
Kontrsaat, Miss Eniru M.,
Kors, Gustave F.,
Kors, Jr., Grorce C.,
Koxis, FREDERICK,
Korres, Dr. Henry M.,
Konic, Grorce T. H.,
Kraus, Sam,
Krecu, Mrs. Atvin W.,
Kremer, Witi1amM N.,,
Kremer, Mrs. Wn. N.,
KrunscHErp, C. D.,
Kuempet, Max,
Kunuarpt, Henry R.,
Kurzman, Cuartes C.,
Kuser, JoHN DryYDEN,
Kuser, Joun L.,
Kurrrorr, ADOLF,
Kurrrorr, FREDERICK,
Lacomsrt, Hon. E. Henry,
Lacat, Dr. Grorer,
LAIMBEER, JR., JOHN,
Lainc, Enear H.,
Lampert, Dr. ALEXANDER,
Lampert, Dr. A. V. S.,
Lampert, Dr. Samuet W.,
Lamont, Mrs. THomas Wo.,
LanpbaueEr, I. N.,
Lanpon, Mrs. E. H.,
Lanpon, Francis G.,
Lane, Epwarp V. Z.,
LaNE, JAMES WARREN,
Lane, Wo tcortt G.,
LaNGMANN, Dr. GusTAv,
Lance, Miss Carmen,
*LANGELOTH, J.,
Lanier, Mrs. James F. D.,
Lapxuam, Mrs. JouHn J.,
Lartine, Cuartes P.,
Lauper, Jr., GEorGE,
LavTerBacH, Mrs.,
LAWRENCE, JOHN BuRLING,
LawreENce, JoHN L.,
Lawrence, Newsoxp T.,
Lawrence, R. Warren,
LAWRENCE, TOWNSEND,
*LAWRENCE, WALTER BowEn,
LAWRENCE, W. V.,
Lea, Cuarites M.,
LEaRNED, WALTER,
LEpLIE, GEORGE,
Lepoux, Dr. AtBert R.,
Lepyarp, Enear M.,
Lepyarp, Mrs. Lewis C.,
Ler, Pror. Freperic S.,
Ler, Mrs. Frenperic S.,
Lee, Georce. C.,
_ *Lxr, J. Bowens,
Lee, Wituiam H. L.,
Lerrerts, Marsuaru C.,
LEGGETT, WaRREN:F.,
LeuMAIER, JAMES M.,
Leuman, Meyer H.,
LELAND, WILFRED C.,
LeRoy, Epwarp A.,
Lesuer, A. L.,
LETKEMANN, H. V.,
Levy, EMANUEL,
Lewis, Mrs. Aveust,
Lewis, Freperic Eiorr,
Lewis, Percy Pyne,
Lewis, Dr. Wit11aAM J.,
LewisoHN, ADOLPH,
Liss, Jr., J. W.,
Liennart, R. H.,
Lincotn, Lowett,
LircurieLtp, E. Huserr,
LircurrLtp, Epwarp H.,
LircHTENSTEIN, Pauvt,
Livincston, Wii1aM S.,
LoBeNnsTINE, WiL1i1AM C..
Locxwoop, Ernest M.,
Lorw1, Hueco V.,
Locan, Franx J.,
Loomis, Guy,
Loop, Cuas L.,
Lorp, Mrs. Greorcrt DeForest,
Lounssery, Mrs. Ricuarp P.,
Low, Eruersert Ine,
Lowe, WILLIAM,
Lowe tx, Miss Cartorra Russet.
Lowe, James B.,
27
Lownopes, Tue Rev. Arruor, D.D.,
Lucas, Dr. Frepveric A.,
LuUCHSINGER, JACQUES,
Luce, Mrs. Harry J.,
*LupEKE, A.,
Lupineton, C. H.,
Lupivum, C. A.,
Luptow, Rear-ApMirRAL NICOLL,
Luxe, Davin L.,
Lummis, Miss Exiza O’B.,
Lueper, A.,
* DECEASED.
28 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Lusx, Pror. GraHamM, Masters, Miss,
LurreeN, WALTHER, Marner, SAMUEL,
Lyman, Frank, Martruews, THomas,
Lyon, Emory S., Matruew, Dr. W. D.,
McAutrrn, Mrs. Cuarres W., Mayer, JESSE,
McAtprin, Jr., Mrs. D. Hunter, *Mayer, JOHN,
McA.tprn, Georce L., Mayer, Mrs. Joserpnu B.,
McBorney, Cuartes I., Mayer, Marcus,
McBurney, Henry, Maywnarp, Durr G.,
McCaae, Louis B., Maynarp, Mrs. Watrter E.,
McCau1, Ricwarp, Meeker, Henry E.,
McCuintocx, Grizert S., Meem, James C.,
McCoon, Miss Enpirx, Ment, Henry,
McCrea, W. S. Mernuarp, Morton H.,
McCreerry, Roserr S., Metoy, Anprew D.,
McCut1on, J. S., Menn, Howanrp,
McCurcHeon, JAMES, Merritt, Henry C.,
McGuire, Josern H., Meyer, Dr. Greorcr W.,
McKeever, J., LAwreNnce, Meyer, Miss Hetoise
McKim, Joun A. Meyrowirz, Emit B.,
McKim, Leroy, *MiILBANK, ALBERT J.,
McLane, Tuomas S., Mitsurn, Joun G.,
McLean, JAMEs, Miter, Mrs. Cyrus C.,
McLean, Marsuatt, Miter, Mrs. Cuartes E.,
McMorrry, G., *Mitier, RosweEt1,
MacrarLane, WALLACE, : Mittet, Mrs. F. D.,
Macx, Arruur C., Mituixken, S. M.,
Macy, Grorce H., Miits, Apranam G.,
Macer, Joun, Mitts, ANDREW,
Macer, F. Rosert, Miuts, Freveric C.,
Main, Franx H., Miuming, C. E.,
Mate, Francis S., More, A. B.,
Maui, Pierre, Montant, ALPHONSE,
Matt, Mrs. Pierre, MonTcoMery, CARLETON,
Manecke, Dr. Putuip, Montcomery, Ricuarp M.,
Manice, Mrs. Wi111aM, Moore, Castmir vER.,
Mann, Wirit1am v’ArtTon, Moore, Jr., Cuartes ARTHUR,
Mapes, Jr., Danret, Moore, Miss Fairn,
Marrs, Ernest S., Moore, Miss K. T.
Marsury, Miss Exizanetu, Moore, Mrs. Russetin WELLMAN,
Marcus, Georce E., Moorneap, Horace R.,
Markuam, Watter, Morawetz, Victor,
Marks, Miss Lucy B., Morean, Miss Anne T.,
Markoer, Harry, Morean, Miss C. L.,
Marxoge, Dr. J. W., Morean, Mrs. Epirn P.,
Marsu, C. P., Morean, Epwin D.,
Marsuatt, A. W. W., Morean, Mrs. J. B.,
*MarsHaryi, Cuarirs H., Morcan, Mrs. J. Prerpont,
Marston, Epwin S., MorGan, Junius §S.,
Martin, Jr., Braviey, Morcan, Mrs. Junius S.,
Martin, Howarp T., Morcan, Pror. Tuomas H.,
Martin, Joun S., Morcan, Wm. FeEtiowes,
Martin, Rosert W., Morean, Jr., Wir11AM Forses,
*Martin, Wirrt1am R. H.,, Morris, Dave H.,
Martinez Micver R., Morris, GouvERNEUR,
Mason, Cuarres N., Morris, Joun Jacos,
Masten, Artuor H., Mortimer, Ricwarp,
* DECEASED.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Morton, A. L.,
Morton, Mrs. Henry SamueEt,
Mostz, A. Henry,
Morttey, Jas. M.,
Morr, Henry C.,
*Morr, Joun Bowne,
Mort, Mrs. VaLentTIne,
Mowsray, H. Sippons,
Movetier, Cuarres F.,
Mvuutretp, Franx J.,
Munroe, Henry W.,
Monsey, Franx A.,
Mourcatroyp, Joun,
Muuvrune, T. J. R.,
Myers, Wituiam S.,
NAEGELL, RoBert,
Nettson, Dr. Howarp S.,
Nertson, WaALLAcE Purarr,
Nettson, D.D., Rev. Witi1am H.,
NELson, James W.,
NEsMITH, JAMES,
*NEUMER, FERDINAND,
Neumorcen, M. L.,
NEuMOEGEN, Mrs. M. L.,
Nevustapt, Mrs. S.,
Newman, Hvco,
Nicuois, Acosta,
Nicuots, JoHn W. T.,
Nickerson, HorrmMan,
Nizes, Miss Froritwa,
Nites, Rosert L.,
*Nosie, ALFRED,
Norxer, Roszert E.,
Norrie, Miss Mary,
Norman, Mrs. Braprorp,
Nortu, Grorce B.,
Norton, Cuaries D.,
Norton, Georce F.,
OBERMAYER, CHARLES J.,
O’ConNELL, Dr. J. H.,
Ocus, ApotpH §.,
Orrrincer, Dr. P. J.,
OFFERMAN, JOHN,
Ocpen, Cuaries W.,
OumMEIs, JOHN
Oumets, P. M.,
Oxcorr, Duptey,
Otcott, 2np, Dupiey,
Ourn, Mrs. StepHen H.,
Otney, Exam Warp,
OLYPHANT, Roser,
OtyrHant, Rosert M.,
Onativia, JoHN Victor,
OprreNuyM, GrEorGE J.,
*OppycKke, Leonarp E.,
OprennEmMER, Dr. Henry S.,
Orpway, SaAmvet H.,
Osborn, Mrs. Henry Fatrriexp,
Osspurn, Dr. Raymonn C.,
Ovrersrince, Mrs. Apoten J.,
OvuTERBRIDGE, Dr. Paut,
*Owen, Henry E.,
Pacxarp, Mrs. E. Wrinstow,
Pappock, Mrs. Cuaries H.,
Pace, Witiiam H.,
Painter, Dr. H. McM.,
*Parmer, S. S.,
PautmeEr, Dr. T. S.,
ParisH, WAINWRIGHT,
Parker, A. W.,
Parker, Epwarp Lupiow,
PARKER, JUNIUS,
' Parker, WINTHROP,
Parpart, WiLitiAM E.,
Parsons, Epwin,
*Parsons, Mrs. Epwin,
Parsons, Miss GEerrrune,
Parsons, H. DEB.,
Parsons, JoHn E.,
Parsons, Miss Mary,
Parsons, Witt1amM Barcray,
Parsons, Witi1Am H.,
PartripGe, Enwarp L.,
Paton, Davin,
Patrerson, Henry Stuart,
Parrerson, T. H. Hoce,
Pau, JoHN J.,
Payne, Mrs. Henry W.,
PrEaspopy, STEPHEN,
Pearson, F. S.,
Pearson, Mrs. FREDERICK,
Prastee, Miss F. Ranporpu,
Peck, Cuartes E.,
Prcx, Letcester O.,
Prcram, Epwarp S.,
Pett, StePHEN H. P.,
PENDLETON, Francis Key,
PreNFoLD, EpMuND,
*PENFOLD, WiLt1aAmM Hatt,
Penrose, Dr. Cuartes B.,
Percivat, L. A. D.,
Perxins, Greorce E.,
Perxins, Roserr P.,
Perry, JoHN P. H.,
Perry, WiiiiaM A.,
Perry, WintHRoP H.,
Peter, Emin,
Perens, Mrs. Cuartes G.,
Peters, SAMUEL T.,
Perers, Witut1am RicHMOND,
Prerrrer, Curt G.,
PreirFerR, GEORGE,
Puetps, Mrs. Cuar es,
Puetps, Mrs. ANSEL,
* DECEASED.
29
30 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Puewps, Dr. GoverNEuR M.,
Puiviurs, Witt1aAm W.,
Prarri, Dr. Vireit C.,
PickHARDT, CaRL,
Pret, GorrrrieD,
Pret, Micuar.,
Prerreront, Miss ANNaA Jay,
PrerrREPONT, R. STUYVESANT,
Pierson, Gen. J. FREp,
Pixe, R. W.,
Pitiotr, P. Stuyvesant,
Pincnot, GrrrorD,
Prarr, Cuartes H.,
Puatt, Frank H.,
Priarr, Henry B.,
PuatTTEeNn, J. W.,
Pravut, ALBERT,
Prympton, Gitpert M.,
Potx, Dr. Witiiam M.,
PottocKk, Grorce E.,
Pomroy, Mrs. H. K.,
Poor, Henry V.,
Porr, Freperick W.,
Porre, G. D.
Porter, ALEXANDER J.,
Porter, Horace,
Porter, Louis H.,
Porter, Wiii1amM L.,
Post, Apram S.,
Post, Mrs. Cuartes ALFRED,
Post, Epwarp C.,
Posr, Jr., Georce B.,
Porter, Miss BLancue,
Porter, Epwarp CLARKSON,
Porter, FREDERICK,
Porrer, Ortanpo B.,
Porrer, R. Burnsine,
Porter, Mrs. R. Burnsineg,
Ports, Jesse W.,
Ports, Wi11i1am Brevoorrt,
Prarr, Arsert H.,
Pratr, Greorce D.,
Pratr, H. L.,
Pratr, Joun T.,
Pratt, Mrs. Joun T.,
Prentice, JoHNn Hitt,
Prentiss, Miss Henrietta,
Prentiss, Geo. H.,
Press, T. CHANNON,
Preston, VERYL,
Prippy, LAWRENCE,
Prime, Miss Corne ta,
Prince, Epwarp S.,
Prince, Pror. J. DyNELEy,
Procror, WILiiaM,
Procror, THomas R.,
Procror, Wm. Ross.
Pryer, CHARLES,
Putirzer, Mrs. Josep,
Poutsirer, Mrs. N. T.,
Putnam, J. Bisuop,
Putnam, H. St. Curair,
Purnam, Wixtiiam A.,
Pyzre, D. H. McAtrin,
*Pyre, James ToLMan,
Pyne, Mrs. M. Taynror,
Pyne, 2np, Percy R.,
Quincy, Cuartes F.,
QuintarD, Dr. Epwarp,
*Raprorp, Harry V.,
Ranpatz, Frank E.,
Ranvoteu, Epmunp D.,
RanpotpH, WiiLt1am W.,
Ranrt, Ricwarp,
RanGeER, STANLEY,
Rascovar, JAMES,
Rasmus, W.,
Rasmus, W. T.,
RatTwuBoRNE, Ricwarp C.,
Ravcu, WILiiaM,
Reap, Wir1u1aMm A.,
Repmonp, Miss E.,
Repmonp, Mrs. Henry S.,
Rew, Joun,
Rei, Ocpen Mitts,
Rem, Mrs. Ocpen Mi11s,
Reimer, Orro Evucene,
Remncxe, E. A.,,
Rernuarvt, Greorce N.,
Remsen, CHARLES,
Reynotps, E. B.,
Ruetr, Miss FLorence,
RuHINELANDER, CHARLES E.,
RHINELANDER, PHILIP,
Ruoapes, Mrs. J. Harsen,
Rice, Miss Mixprep G.,
Rice, Mrs. Wit11am B.,
Ricuarp, Miss Exvine,
Ricuarp, Epwin A.,,
Ricuarps, Esen,
Ricwarps, EF. O.,
Ricuarpson, Mrs. C. Tirrany,
Ripper, Herman,
Riees, Gro. C.,
*Rixer, SAMUEL,
*Rietey, H. Dron,
Rietey, Juvien A,,
Rrere, Mrs. E. J,,
Rives, Georce L.,
Rossrns, CHANDLER,
Rosszrns, Mrs. Heren C.,
Rozerts, G. THEopoRE,
Roserts, Miss M. M.,
*Roperrson, Mrs. Fanny P.,
*DeEcraseD.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Rogertson, ALBERT,
RoBeErtson, JULivs,
Rosertson, R. H.,
Rozinson, Mrs. Dovenas,
Rosinson, Epwarp,
Rozginson, Ex: K.,
Rozginson, G. H.,
Rogrnson, Miss Paving,
Roxsison, WiLLiAmM,
-Rocue, Mrs. Burke,
Rockwoop, Witiiam H.,
Ror, Franx O.,
Roe, Irvine L.,
RoeLker, ALFRED,
Roeers, E. L.,
Rocers, Mrs. Francis,
Rocers, Huserr E.,
Roecers, James H.,
Rocers, Mrs. Witt1am Bevertey,
RoxensauGu, Henry S.,
Rotie, Aucustus J.,
Romszoucu, Joun B.,
RoosEveLtT, Mrs. JAMEs,
Roosevett, Mrs. J. W.,
Roosevett, Mrs. Hitgorne L.,
RoosEvEtt, JAmeEs A.,
Roosevett, W. EMLEN,
Root, Exim,
Rost, Mrs. A. SuMNER,
Rossrrer, Arruur W.,
Roru, Frepericx G. R.,
Rotu, J. E.,
RorHwe ..z, James E.,
Rowe, Mrs. Georce P.,
Rowtanp, Tomas,
Ruuwe, Louis,
Runyon, Carman R.,
Runyon, E. W.,
Ruprert, JACOB,
Rurrert, Mrs. Jacos,
Rupert, Justus,
Russet, ArcHIBALD D.,
Russett, Dr. Joun F.,
Ryan, J. D.,
Ryan, Joun Barry,
Rye, Arruour,
Ryze, GraHam,
~Sacus, ArTHUR,
Sacxetr, Miss Gerrruve T.,
Sacre, Joun H.,
Saxs, Isapore,
Sampson, ALDEN,
Sampson, Cuartes E.,
Sanps, Miss ANNE A.,
Sanvs, Benzsamin Aymar,
Sanps, Mrs. Benzamin Aymar,
SarTerLeE, Mrs. H. L.,
SaTTERWHITE, Preston P.,
Sancer, Mrs. Rarpn,
Sauter, FREDERICK,
Sauter, Jr., Frep,
Scuarr, Hermann,
ScHaEFrer, ANpDREAS F.,
Scuarrer, Epwarp C.,
ScuarErer, Henry,
ScHancx, Georce E.,
ScHavE, C. F.,
ScHAUFFLER, Dr. A. F.,
ScHAUFFLER, Mrs. A, F.,
ScHeEFER, CarL,
Scuenck, Henry veB.,
ScuHIEFFELIN, Mrs. H. M.,
SCHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM Jay,
Scuirmer, Rupoiten E.,
ScuHMELZEL, Miss Jane E.,
ScHMELZEL, JAMEs H.,
Scumipt, Apotpen T.,
*Scumint, F. Lropoxp,
Scumipt, Witi1am H.,
ScHNABEL, R. A.,
*SCHNIEWIND, F.,
ScHo.LLeE, A. H.,
Scurac, Cuares A.,
*SCHREYVOGEL, CHARLES,
Scuuyier, Miss Louisa Lex,
Scuwarcz, Max M.,
Scuwarz, Henry F.,
ScHWARZLER, ALBERT J.,
ScorreLtp, Miss Marion,
Scorr, Donan,
Scorr, Hon. Francis M.,
*Scorr, Franx H.,
Scorr, WILLIAM,
Scovitte, Mrs. Jonn H.,
ScovitLte, Ropert,
Scripner, Artuour H.,
Scripner, Mrs. Cu aries,
Scrymser, James A.,
Seaman, Dr. Louis L.,
Srepewick, Rosert,
Ser, A. B.,
Serrert, Karu F. J.,
*SELIGMAN, Arrrep L..,
SELIGMAN, GrorcE W.,
SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON,
Senrr, Mrs. Cuartes H.,
Seton, ALFRED
Sexton, Lawrence E.,
SryseL, Danret E.,
Suaprro, D.,
*Suarpiow, Mrs. Joseru,
Sueets, Dr. E. A.,
SHEFFIELD, JAMES R.,
Suerrietp, Mrs. James R.,
* DECEASED.
31
32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
SHELDON, Mrs. CuHar es,
SHELDON, Epwarp W.,
SHELDON, GeorcE R.,
SHELDON, Witu1aM C.,
*SuHeEparD, Aucustus D.,
Sueparp, Mrs. Exniory F.,
Suipman, Ricuarp D.,
SHOEMAKER, Henry W.,
SHILLABER, Wo.
SuHonts, T. P.
SHURTLEFF, Roswett Morse,
Srptey, Mrs. H. W.,
SIEDENBURG, Jr., REINHARD,
SIEGEL, J Aco,
Sruteck, Jr., Henry G.,
Sriteck, Jr., Mrs. Henry G.,
SILLIMAN, Harper,
Sron, THeEopor A.,
Suupson, J. F.,
Simpson, JoHN W.,
Sryciarr, Mrs. Joun,
Srncer, ARTHUR J.,
SxeEL, Dr. Franx D.,
Sxipmore, Wi11am L.,
Stave, Francis Louis,
Staveuter, R. B.,
Stocum,..J «Jes
Smupt, Mrs. G. L.,
Smipt, THos.
Smitty, DaNnrezt,
Smitue, Cuarzes F.,
Smituie, JameEs C.,
Smixuie, Rarpu,
Smitu, Dr. A. ALEXANDER,
Situ, AUGUSTINE J.,
Smirn, Mrs. Cuartes S.,
Smitu, Exsas D.,
Smiry, Erskine M.,
Smiru, F. M.,
Situ, Mrs. F. Horxinson,
*SmitH, NATHANIEL §S.,
Smiru, Prerre J.,
Smiru, Rosert K.,
Smitu, Rotanp W.,
Smiru, Dr. SamMuveEt,
*Smiru, WittiAM ALEXANDER,
SmirHers, CHARLES,
Smiru_Enrs, F. S.,
Snow, E. G.,
Sottmann, E. G.,
Sorcuan, Mrs. Victor,
SpatpinG, Keiru,
Sparrow, Mrs. Epwarp W.,
Spear, Jr., JAMES,
SpeppeN, Freperic O.,
Spencer, ALEXANDER H.,
*Spencer, Epwarps,
*SPENCER, LOoRILLARD,
Sperry, WiLt1AM M.,
Speyer, Mrs. James.
SpitzNeR, GrEorGE W.,
Sporrorp, Mrs. J. L.,
SpracvueE, Mrs. Franx J.,
Spricc, JupGe Carro.t,
Sprinc, Miss Anna RIKER,
Spurr, E. W.,
Saurss, Dr. Epwarp H.,
SeurrE, Espen H. P.
SvrarrorD, WILLIAM FREDERICK,
Srarrorp, Mrs. Wr111AM FREDERICK,
SranpisH, Mytes,
Sran ton, JonHn R.,
Srapies, Mrs. Joun J.,
Srarr, Lours Morris,
Stearns, Louts,
Strepsins, James H.,
SrrELeE, Mrs. CHar es,
Stern, Mrs Arexis W.,
STEINBECK, Epwarp,
STEINBRUGGE, JR., Epw. J.,
STEINMETZ, JOHN A.,
STEPHENS, OLIN J.,
STEPHENS, Roperick,
StTEvENS, ALEXANDER H.,
Srevens, Freperic W.,
Stevens, RicHarpD
Srevens, Mrs. Ricwarp,
Stevens, Tueoposius F.,
STEWART, JAMES,
Stewart, Mrs. Percy Hamirron,
Stewart, Witiiam R.,
Stittman, Mrs. C. C.
STILLMAN, JAMEs A.,
Srimson, Mrs. FReEpERICc,
Stimson, Dr. Dantet M.,
SrocxarD, Dr. Cuares R.,
SrockMaNN, Miss Marte F. C.,
SToEcKEL, CaRL,
*Sroxes, H. B.,
Stokes, JAMES,
Stone, Miss ANNIE,
Stone, Miss Eten J.,
Strout, Josern S.,
Stow, Grorce G.,
SrraiguHtT, WILLARD,
Stranoe, A. B.,
Srravus, H. Grant,
Srravus, Percy S.,
Srravuss, Frepericx,
Srravuss, CHARLES,
Srreat, JAMEs,
Srreet, W. A.,
Srrone, Jr., BENJAMIN,
Srrone, Ricwarp A.,,
*DECEASED.
Srronec, THeEron G.,
Srroock, JosEPH
Srroocxk, Louis S.,
Strurces, Henry C.,
Sucxiey, Mrs. R. B.,
SuFrreRN, Rogpert AbDAmMs,
SuLitivan, Mrs. JAMEs,
Sutro, Lion,
Swan, James A,,
Swenson, S. A.,
Taper, Miss Mary,
Tart, Henry W.,
Tarr, Witt1am Howarp,
Tac, ALBERT,
Tarter, Epwarp N.,
Taxcorr, JAMES,
Tatmace, Mrs. E. T. H.,
TatHAM, CHARLES,
*Tatrum, A. H.,
Taytor, Mrs. Henry Oszorn,
Taytor, Henry R.,
Taytor, JAMEs B.,,
Taytor, Luioyn,
Taytor, Moses,
Taytor, Rosert C.,
Tenney, C. H.,
Terry, Jr., Mrs. Joun T.,
*Trrry JOHN T.,
TuacHer, ARCHIBALD G.,
Tuacuer, Mrs. Greorce W.,
Tuacuer, THomas,
Tuaw, J. C.,,
Tuayer, Harry Bates,
Tuomas, Dr. AtLEN M.,,
Tuomas, Jr., Seto E.,
Tuomas, Mrs. WASHINGTON,
Tuompson, Mrs. J. ToDHUNTER,
THORLEY, CHARLES,
Tuorne, Mrs. Enwin,
THORNE, JONATHAN,
TuorneE, Mrs. JONATHAN,
*TsroRNE, NEwserry, D.,
Tuorne, Mrs. SAMUEL,
TxuorneE, Mrs. W. V. S.
Txuorne, W. V. S.,
*Trorp, W. Epwin,
Tirrany, Louis C.,
Tittey, Georce D.,
Tirton, JosePpH W.,
TimKEN, J. Henry,
TIMMERMANN, Henry G.,
Timpson, JAMES,
Top, J. KENNEDY,
TopD;, be Piss
Topp, Wa ter B.,
Tozer, Mrs. Vireinta W.,
TompBy, BorGreLpt,
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 33
Tonneui, Mrs. JouHn N.,,
*Tousry, WiILLiaM,
Townsend, Miss Amy C.,,
TowNsEND, Mrs. E. M.,
TowNsEND, Epwin S.,
Townsend, Howarp,
TowNsEND, Isaac,
*TOWNSHEND, JOHN,
Tows, Coz— Downine,
TrimBie, Mrs. RicHarp,
TrowBripGe, FrepericK K.,
TuCKERMAN, ALFRED,
TUCKERMAN, Pauvt,
TuRNBULL, ARTHUR,
TurnButt, Mrs. Ramsay,
Turnure, Georce E.,
Tuska, BENJAMIN,
*TurTrLe, Dr. G. M.,
TwepvErEL, Witt1amM H.,
Tweep, Mrs. Cuartes H.,
TwInine, E. S.,
Unt, Oswatp W.,
Unperwoop, Witu1am Lyman,
Upmann, Cart,
VALENTINE, Mrs. Patrick A.,
VALENTINE, Dr. WittiaM A.,
Van Bevuren, Jr., Freperick T.,
Van Bevren, M. M.,
*Vawn CortTLanpt, AUGUSTUS,
Vanvercrirt, S. H.,
VANDERPOEL, AmpBrosE E.,
VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JoHN A.,
VANDERLIP, Frank A.,
VAN DER SmissEN, Dr. G. J.,
Van Dyke, R. B.,
Van Emepvren, D. B.,
Van Gerpic, Barend,
Van Incen, Mrs. Epwarp,
Van IncEN, Mrs. E. H.,
Van Norven, Orromar H.,
Van Nostranp, B. T.,
Van SINDEREN, Howarp,
Van WINKLE, Enoar B.,
Varian, Wiper L,,
Varcor, Haroxp,
Vesper, Karu H.,
Vietor, ADoLPH,
Vieror, Tuomas F.,
VINCENT, FRANK,
VoceLt, Herman,
von Bernutnu, JR., Frrvz,
von Dreete, Wm. H.,
von GontarD, Mrs. ALEXANDER,
von LENGERKE, JUSTUS,
von Zepuitz, Mrs. ANNA M.,
WaAbDDINGTON, GEORGE,
Wacstarr, Mrs. ALFrep,
*DECEASED.
34 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Wacesrarr, C. DuBois,
*Wainwnicut, J. Howarp,
WALBURN, JOSEPH,
Watcortr, Frepreric C.,
Watpon, S. D.,
Wares, Epwarp H.,
Waker, Bryant,
Waker, Dr. JouHN B.,
Water, Jr., Roser,
Water, Mrs. Rosert,
WatsH, SAMUEL A.,
Water, Enear,
Watrer, Martin,
Watrty, A. R.,
WANNINGER, CHARLEs,
Wanrsourc, Paut M.,
Warp, ARTEMAs,
Warp, Mrs. Georce Canor,
*Warp, Henry C.,
Warvner, Henry STEELE,
WaRDWELL, ALLEN,
Warner, W. E.,
Warren, Mrs. J. Hosarrt,
WarrEN, Luoyp,
Wasupurn, Tuomas E.,
WasHBuRN, Wm. Ives,
Warersury, JoHN I.,
WatersBury, Miss,
Watson, Cuartes F.,
*Watson, Rev. J. Henry,
*WEATHERBEE, Epwin H..,
WEaTHERBEE, Mrs. Epwin H.,
Wess, F. Ecerron,
Wess, Mrs. Witt1am Sewarp,
*Weser, Dr. Leon arp,
WEEKs, JAMES,
Wet, Ricuarp,
Weir, Mrs. C. Gouverneur,
WEITLING, WiLL1AM W.,
WELts OLIvER J.,
Wricre, Cuaries H.,
*WENDELL, Mrs. Jacos,
Werner, C. H.,
Wessett, Arruur L.,
WeEssEL, J. Henry,
Westover, M. F.,
Wermore, Epmunp,
Wuee ter, Everett P.,
WHEELER, WatterR S.,
Wueexock, Mrs. G. G.,
Wuire, A. M.,
Wuirte, Harorp T.,
Wuirte, Horace,
Wuirr, Leonarp D.,
Wuirenouse, J. Henry,
Wuirenovuse, Wiru1aMm IJ".,
Wurttne, Dr. Cuarzes A.,
Witttnc, Miss Grertrupe,
WuItMAN, CLARENCE,
Wuirman, Jr., WILLIAM,
Wuirrince, F. W.,
WicKERSHAM, GEoRGE W.,
Wicc6LEeswortH, Henry,
Witxins, F. H.,
Wituicox, Wo. G.,
*Witiets, Joun T.,
Wituiams, ArTHUR,
Wiii1aMs, Davin,
Witiiams, Atex. S.,
*WititiuMs, Mrs. G. G.,
Witirams, Georce L.,
WitiiaMs, Jr., Ricuarp H.,
Witurams, Mrs. Percy H.,
WitiiamMs, WaLprRon,
Wiiiams, WILLIAM,
Wriiiamson, Mrs. Burier,
Wits, Cuartes T.,
Witson, Pror. Epmunp B.,
Witson, Georce T.,
Wineate, Geo. W.,
WINTER, JULIUS,
Winterrotu, Mas. E. J.,
Winturop, Jr., Ecerton L.,
*Winturop, Rosert Dopey,
WIsNER, CHARLES,
WiTHERBEE, Frank S.,,
Wirtrnuaus, Dr. RupoipH A.,
WITTMANN, JOSEPH,
Worr, Artuur D.,
Wo.rr, Emit,
Woop, ARNOLD,
Woop, Gitpert Conepon,
Woop, J. Watter,
Woop, Witi1am Conopon,
*Woopnouse, J. S.,
WoopnHovusE Company, J. S.,
Wooprurr, ArBert C.,
Woopwarp, Rosert B.,
*Woopwarp, Sr., Mrs. WiLiiam,
Worx, Bertram G.,,
Worcester, WiLFrep J.,
Worratt, P. B.,
Wricut, Hat,
Wricut, J. DunsBar,
Wricut, Jonn Howarp,
Woenoverticn, H.,
Wvcxorr, Dr. Perer Brown,
Wycxorr, Mrs Perer B.,
YorkKwitz, ALBERT,
Younec, A. Murray,
Younc, Grorce W.,
ZABRISKIE, ANDREW C.,
Zapriski£E, Miss ErHen,
* DECEASED.
a
L iy IB ge
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 35
Zinsser, Avcust, ZINSSER, JR., AUGUST,
ZinssER, Mrs. Avcust, ZOLLER, CHARLES,
Corresponding Members
GitFeppeR, T. P., Mitiwarp, Russert Hastrnes,
JoHNstTon, Str Harry H., Sturtevant, Lieut. C. G.,
LeSover, W. H. Duptey, Tyrwuitt, Draxe G.,
Summary of Membership
TORGISCtOTA 5 Se ta i deen OO, 7
ORDOGIN Sn Perpenity soo aS eS 14
Rh UCL: cee biatadedaeetnte ee Ron SbhR Saxe nl ha Cle eee TR pe RIOT SIGINT srt 20
“ASSOCIBUG TF OUROGRS cc) 5 ea 8
Patrons 35
Life Members eae iy a ad 2 a eee 285
TOT RO Sos er a se eS ee oe 1,746
Honorary and Corresponding Members 15
2,130
Qualifications for Regular Membership
Annual Members _......$ 10 Associate Founders ........ $ 2,500
Life Members ............... 200 Founders 5,000
Patrons 1,000 Founders in Perpetuity 10,000
Benefactors... $25,000
Form of Bequest
I do hereby give and bequeath to the ““NEwW YORK ZOOLOGICAL
Society,” of the City of New York,
MITANAW ‘NOI'T NVINISSATV
REPORT OF
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.
HE Executive Committee respectfully subniits the following
report to the Board of Managers for the year 1914:
It is again the sad duty of your committee to report the
loss through death, of a friend who has stood by the Society
from the beginning. Mr. John L. Cadwalader, one of the Found-
ers of the Society and of the New York Zoological Park, Vice-
President, and an original member of the Board of Managers,
died on Wednesday, March 11, 1914. Resolutions expressing
the esteem in which it holds the memory of Mr. Cadwalader,
were passed by the members of your committee, and will appear
at the end of this report.
MEMBERSHIP.
The efforts of your committee to secure new members since
the start of the European war have been rather barren of. re-
sults, although the net result for the entire year, is slightly
better than for 1913. <A total of 214 new members has been
secured, 200 Annual Members and 14 Life Members. Resigna-
tions and deaths, however, reduce the net result to a gain of 104
members as compared with a net gain of 84 for 1913.
It is the intention of your committee to maintain a steady
campaign for new members during the winter, as an increase
in the membership means an increase in the efficiency and extent
of the work of the Society. Members can render great assistance
in this direction by suggesting the names of persons to whom
invitations to join in the work of the Society can be sent. Exper-
ience has shown that the most valuable recruits are those se-
cured through the co-operation of existing members.
38 - NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The membership as of January 1, 1915, is as follows:
January 1,1914 January 1, 1915
Benefactors 6 7
Founders in Perpetuity .................. 16 14
Founders 20 20
Associate Founders |... 8 8
Patrons 36 35
Life Members ............ 278 285
Annual Members 00.00.00... 1,648 1,746
Honorary and Corresponding '
Members _...... 14 15
2,026 2,130
Members are entitled to free admission to the Zoological
Park on pay days (Mondays and Thursdays), when the collec-
tions can be seen to the best advantage, to the privileges of the
Administration Building, which is reserved for members, and
especially for ladies and children, and also to the Annual Re-
ports; the bi-monthly Bulletin; copies of Zoologica, and com-
plimentary tickets of admission, for all lectures, receptions and.
special exhibitions. Such tickets are available for distribution
among friends.
ATTENDANCE, PARK AND AQUARIUM.
The attendance at the Park and Aquarium has been as
follows:
Park Aquarium
1914 2,020,433 2,029,707
1913 1,943,683 2,205,729
Increase, Park 76,750
Decrease, Aquarium 176,022
In spite of the disturbance and changes caused by the Eu-
ropean war, the attendance at the Park has not only been main-
tained, but shows a most gratifying increase of 76,750.
The attendance at the Aquarium shows a decrease of 176,022
due to the slack business conditions in the lower part of the city
and the falling off of transatlantic travel.
The total annual cost to the City for the maintenance of
these two institutions for the year 1914 is 5.8 cents per visitor.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 39
COLLECTIONS AT THE PARK.
In January and February, the Primate collection was vis-
ited by the first serious epidemic in the history of the Zoological
Park. The orang-utans and chimpanzees were attacked simul-
taneously by a remarkably rapid form of tuberculosis, and in a
few weeks all of them died. The largest and finest chimpanzee
survived only ten days after he first showed signs of illness.
Fortunately the epidemic did not seriously affect the baboons,
monkeys and lemurs.
The victims of this epidemic have been thoroughly examined
by the Prosector’s Department, and the results are conclusive
that these animals were attacked by a human type of tubercu-
losis, conveyed by spectators.
This building has been completely overhauled, with a view
to the elimination of all harboring places for vermin, and the
improvement of the ventilation. The ape cages have been ef-
fectually sterilized by Dr. Blair and repainted, to render them
safe for further occupancy.
New Animals.—Several notable accessions have been re-
ceived at the Park. The most valuable are the following: a go-
rilla, an adult male orang-utan, a male chimpanzee, a great ant
eater, 3 sea lions, 2 Siberian ibexes, 2 Abyssinian ground horn-
bills, 4 emus, a black-footed penguin, a large anaconda, a gelada
baboon, a blotched giraffe, 3 East African zebras, an East Afri-
can bush pig, 4 ground hornbills, a Manchurian eared pheasant,
a peacock. During September the collection of equines was in-
creased to seven by the purchase of a young kiang or Tibetan
wild ass, born in July, 1913, in the Zoological Gardens of London.
Death of Animals.—Aside from the losses occasioned by the
epidemic of tuberculosis, reported above, the losses from death
have been only the usual number. The most important were a
very young giraffe, an eland, a mountain sheep, 3 large apes,
and a fine female zebra, newly arrived from Africa, that broke
its neck in a panic caused by an electric storm. At the close of
the year the animal collections generally are in excellent health,
the only serious exception being the partial paralysis in the legs
and arms of the gorilla, and a bad case of rheumatism in one of
the forelegs of the pygmy African elephant.
A census of the animals in the Park, taken January 1, 1915,
shows the following results:
40 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
January 1, 1915
Species Specimens
DEAMAINSIS 5 ee on eee 204 586
Bins 23 oe ee ee eG, 811 2,753
Reptiles oe sci ee ee 164 1,014
1,179 4,353
Gunda.—During the months of May; June and July, Gunda,
the large male Indian Elephant now on exhibition at the Park,
having arrived at full maturity, showed serious signs of musth,
a periodic attack occurring in all adult male elephants during
the breeding season. During this period Gunda became vicious
and dangerous to human life. The Director was therefore com-
pelled, with the full approval of your committee, to confine
him closely by leg chains. This aroused a perfect storm of
abusive letters and newspaper articles from sentimentalists of
every character. Some of these attacks verged on the hysterical,
and others were from irresponsible cranks, but all showed a
supreme contempt for facts. Your committee was thereupon
compelled to tell the truth in a circular to its members, which was
given out to the press, and to give the exact conditions in very
plain language. Since this statement the excitement seems to
have abated. As soon as the musth was over Gunda was re-
leased, but the Society must be prepared next spring, and an-
nually thereafter, to see Gunda suffer from recurrences of these
attacks, and during them it will be necessary to confine him
closely until it is over. The only alternative is to put this splen-
did specimen to death.
COLLECTIONS AT THE AQUARIUM
The collections at the Aquarium continue in good condition,
and all exhibition space is fully occupied, with a considerable
supply of specimens in reserve. During June four of the por-
poises died within a few days of each other, three being lost by
tubercular pneumonia, and one from a diseased spine, injured
at the time of capture. The fifth and only remaining specimen
is apparently in the best of condition after more than-a year’s
captivity. An illustrated paper on the behavior of these ani-
mals in captivity has been published by the Society. Your com-
mittee is endeavoring to secure several additional specimens.
Collections of fresh water fishes have been received from
the Lower Mississippi River and from the Detroit Museum,
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 41
numbering nearly three hundred specimens, putting the entire
fresh-water exhibit in good shape. A great many fresh-water
fishes were also obtained through the courtesy of the Department
of Parks of the City of New York.
Small but excellent collections were received each month
from Bermuda, which relieved the Society from making the
usual early summer collecting trip. An interesting collection
of tropical fishes, containing 509 specimens and representing 69
species, has been received from Key West, Florida, and 63 speci-
mens of tropical fishes have been presented to the Society by
the Department of Agriculture of Bermuda.
The hatchery exhibit has been conducted, as usual, with
the co-operation of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, which sup-
plies fish eggs from its various hatcheries throughout the
country.
A great amount of painting and white-washing has been
done at the Aquarium, as well as carpenter work, including the
enclosing of the porpoise pool. The refrigerating plant has
also been thoroughly overhauled, and extensive repairs have
been made to the boilers.
A census of the exhibits taken January 1, 1915, shows the
following results:
January 1, 1915
Species Specimens
Fishes EMEP MT oo 146 2,876
tn SS als SORE Ay a ee eres 24 130
Amphibians 9 109
Invertebrates .................. saat. Lae 18 2,051
Mammals Bis SR tthe z 3
199 5,169
FINANCES.
The accounts of the Society are in good condition and close
the year with credit balances, as follows:
Endowment Fund Income Acct. $ 5,895.21
Income Account 15,978.88 $21,874.09
Animal Fund 10,414.12
Cadwalader Animal Fund .............. 500.00 10,914.12
42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Library. Fund. 222.3%, 146.57
National Collection of Heads and Horns .. 280.27 -
Wild Life Protection Fund 0000000. 517.45
Stokes’ Bird Fund - 134.69
Improvement and Repair Account _....... 1,269.19
Endowment Fund (uninvested)) 200000000... 264.05
$35,400.43
Carnegie Pension Fund (uninvested) .......... $748.14
Pension Fund Income Account:
Farmers Loan and Trust Co....$3,639.95
Corn Exchange Bank ..................... 540.32
$4,180.27
The accounts of the Society and of the Zoological Park and
Aquarium for the year 1914, are at present being audited by
Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Co., whose printed report
will be hereto attached immediately following the report of the
Treasurer. This audit also includes the Privilege Departments.
To facilitate the yearly report of the auditors, the Auditing
Committee has authorized a quarterly audit to be made of the
books of the Society, instead of once a year, as heretofore; the
cost to be the same, and the present system of checking the
accounts to remain unchanged.
Income Account.—The general income of the Society, in-
cluding that from the Endowment Fund, was barely sufficient to
meet the current expenses of the Society during the year. It
is important that the income for this account should be mate-
rially increased by an increase in the membership and in the
Endowment Fund. During the year 1915 strong efforts will be
made by your committee in both these directions.
During the year this account has suffered from the loss of
the Sustaining Memberships, which have proved of very substan-
tial assistance to the Society during the last five years. These sub-
scriptions have expired, and only 19 of the subscribers have
renewed for a further period. This account has been further
depleted by the necessity of paying in the Society’s share of the
Pension Fund contribution for 1914, amounting to $1,795.12.
The balance to the credit of this fund on December 31, 1914,
amounted to $15,978.88.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 43
The funds for the Library, Wild Life Protection and the
Collection of Heads and Horns, are dependent upon appropria-
tions made from the Income Account, and special subscriptions.
The Income Account, however, can only afford the money
necessary for current expenses, and your committee must rely
on special subscriptions to make any notable advances from
these special funds.
Park Improvement and Repair Fund.—During the year the
question of repairs to the installations at the Park became a
matter of great importance. The appropriation for this pur-
pose provided by the City is insufficient to meet the demand. It
was therefore decided by your committee to devote the gate re-
ceipts, from January 1, 1914, which have heretofore been ap-
plied to the increase of the collections, to the making of neces-
sary renewals, the most important of which were the repairs to
the Primate House. The sum of $10,507 became available for
this purpose during the year. A schedule of repairs was pre-
pared and approved by your committee, and the work has been
completed.
Extensive repairs were made to the Buffalo Barn, Lion
House, Reptile House, Primate House, Bear Dens, Flying Cage,
Walks, and to the heating apparatus. The installations are now
in very good shape to meet winter conditions. It will be
necessary, however, to keep up this work for several years to
prevent serious deterioration. This method of dealing with the
matter also afforded immediate relief to the regular Mainte-
nance Fund, which has been greatly overburdened by the in-
creased cost of supplies.
A similar schedule of repairs to buildings has been prepared
by your committee for the coming year and the gate receipts
will be used for this purpose.
The balance to the credit of this fund on December 31, 1914,
amounted to $1,269.19.
Animal Fund.—The withdrawal of the gate receipts from
the money available for the purchase of animals, and the heavy
expenditures for new exhibits, resulted in greatly depleting the
Animal Fund. The Park. however, is well stocked, and with
economy this fund will probably supply our current needs, un-
less an opportunity arises for the purchase of some especially
desirable and expensive animals. The European war has re-
sulted in an almost complete cessation of the supply of wild
PORTION OF THE MUSK-OX HERD
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 45
animals, which come chiefly through Germany, so that every
opportunity to secure valuable exhibits must be availed of.
The balance to the credit of this fund on December’31, 1914,
amounted to $10,414.12.
Endowment Fund.—The only additions to the Endowment
Fund during the year have been a subscription of $1,000 from
Mr. Mortimer L. Schiff; subscriptions aggregating $1,100 re-
ceived through the efforts of the Ladies’ Auxiliary, the details
of which appear in the Report of the Treasurer; and the fees
received from new Life Members, $2,800, bringing the total up
to $323,962.
Two bequests have been left to the Society, one by the late
Mrs. Morris K. Jesup, a Life Member, in the amount of $25,000,
and one by the late Jacob Langeloth, an Annual Member, in the
amount of $1,000. When the above bequests have been paid in
the Endowment Fund will total $349,962.
During the year the cash balance in this fund has been in-
vested as follows:
$1,000, Morris and Essex R. R. Co., 344% bond.
$5,000, Illinois Central & Chicago, St. Louis & New Orleans
joint 5% bonds.
$1,000, N. Y., Lackawanna & Western Terminal Improve-
ment, 4% bond.
Leaving a small uninvested cash balance on December 31,
1914, of $264.05.
The net interest from this fund is on a basis of about 4.55%.
Endowment Fund Income Account.—As stated in previous
reports, this account was created merely to distinguish income
from the Endowment Fund from the income from dues and
other sources, and this fund is available at all times for trans-
fer to the General Income Account, and for use in the work of
the Society.
During the year one transfer to the General Income Ac-
count has been made, which amounted to $14,070. The balance
on December 31, 1914, amounted to $5,895.21.
Cadwalader Animal Fund.—Under the will of the late John
L. Cadwalader, a bequest of $20,000 has been left to the Society,
to be held as a special fund, the income of which shall be used for
the purchase of animals for the Park. The bequest has been paid
46 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
in and credited to a new account known as the “Cadwalader
Animal Fund,” and has been invested in securities yielding net
income at the rate of 5 per cent per annum.
The balance of income to the credit of this fund on Decem-
ber 31, 1914, amounted to $500.
Caroline Phelps Stokes’ Bird Fund.—This fund consists of
the income from the fund of $5,000 invested in bonds of the
Illinois Central Railway Company, bequeathed to the Society by
Miss Caroline Phelps Stokes, deceased, and is devoted to the
protection of bird life throughout the country. The expendi-
tures for this fund during the year amounted to $332, and were
made in the interest of the protection of birds in Virginia, and
for the purchase of copies of Dr. Hornaday’s lectures, delivered
before Yale University Forestry School, now in text-book form,
and entitled “Wild Life Conservation in Theory and Practice,”
for distribution among colleges, universities and forestry schools
throughout the country, with a view to the promotion of the use
of that work as a text book.
The balance of income to the credit of this fund on Decem-
ber 31, 1914, amounted to $134.69.
MAINTENANCE.
Park.—The sum of $200,000 provided by the City for the
maintenance of the Zoological Park for the year 1914 proved
sufficient, and the year closed without a deficit. A similar amount
has been appropriated for the year 1915. It will prove difficult
to live within this amount, however, by reason of certain neces-
sary increases in salaries and the return of Mr. C. William Beebe,
Curator of Birds, to the pay rolls of the Society, as well as the
continued increase in the cost of supplies. Mr. Beebe’s salary
for the last five years has been borne by Col. Anthony R. Kuser
in connection with his work on the Pheasant Monograph.
It is practically out of the question to secure an increase in
this fund from the City for several years, so it will be necessary
to be even more economical than usual in order not to have a
deficit at the close of the year.
Aquarium.—The amount of $47,000 provided by the City
for the maintenance of the Aquarium for the year 1914 proved
barely sufficient to close the year without a deficit. During the
summer this fund was in excess of its monthly average to the
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT AT
extent of $1,500, and during the last three months of the year
it was necessary to practice the strictest economy. This short-
age of funds was occasioned by an unusual amount of cleaning,
painting and repair work, by extensive repairs to the boilers,
and also by the unusual expense of feeding the porpoises, the
cost of this item alone amounting to about $850 to date.
A similar amount has been granted for the year 1915, which
will probably prove sufficient in the absence of special repairs.
CARNEGIE PENSION FUND.
During the early part of March, the Chairman of your
committee placed before Mr. Andrew Carnegie, the need of the
Society for a Pension Fund for the employees of the Zoological
Park and the Aquarium. The small salaries paid in these two
institutions render a pension fund imperatively necessary, and
there is no expectation that such a fund could ever be supplied
by the City. There are one hundred and thirty-nine persons
employed at the Park, and thirty-two at the Aquarium.
As the result of this application Mr. Carnegie generously
offered to provide the sum of $100,000 necessary to start the
proposed fund. A special pension fund was thereupon planned
and examined by an actuary. A Pension Board was appointed
as follows: ,
George C. Clark, Chairman; Lewis R. Morris, H. Casimir
deRham, William B. Osgood Field, Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer,
representing the Board of Managers; H. R. Mitchell, Raymond
L. Ditmars and Hermann W. Merkel, representing the em-
ployees at the Zoological Park; and Raymond C. Osburn, repre-
senting the employees at the Aquarium.
The plan provides on a fairly liberal scale for pensions for
the employees of the Society at both the Park and the Aquarium,
and is based on a contribution of 2 per cent of their salaries
from employees; and a contribution of $8,000 per annum from
the Society, including the income from the Pension Fund of
$100,000 provided by Mr. Carnegie, which has been invested in
securities providing annual net income at the rate of 4.35, or
$4,350 approximately, leaving a balance of $3,650 to be an-
nually provided by the Society. This will render an increase in
the income of the Endowment Fund during 1915 an absolute
necessity. With this end in view, an effort will be made by your
committee to increase the total endowment of the Society from
$349,962 to $500,000.
48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The plan went into effect on August 1, and is working sat-
isfactorily under the supervision of the Pension Board. To date
the Society has contributed, including the income from the Pen-
sion Fund, $3,333.33 and the employees, $1,044.54.
To receive the income from the Carnegie Pension Fund,
and the contributions from the Society and its employees, your
committee has authorized the opening of a new account to be
known as the Pension Fund Income Account. The balance to
the credit of this account on December 31, 1914, amounted to
$4,180.27.
There is also a small uninvested balance to the credit of the
Carnegie Pension Fund, amounting to $748.14.
GROUND IMPROVEMENT FUND.
On account of the policy of retrenchment adopted by the
present city government it has been impossible to obtain favor-
able action on the application for $52,000 of Corporate Stock
for ground improvement work at the Park, pending before the
Board of Estimate and Apportionment during the spring. Your
committee, therefore, made a new application for $15,000 ad-
ditional for the erection of an Animal Hospital and $10,000 for
Emergency Ground Improvement work at the Park. During
July this application was approved, although greatly reduced
in amount, as follows:
Construction of a Hospital Building to be lo-
eated -in: the Service: Yards 32 2b s5e $15,000
Note: With the balance at present on hand a total
of $22,518.32 will be available for this purpose.
Steel fence, 180th St., East of Bronx Rivev..... 1,125
Six new drinking fountains 20000000 ou 600
New paint and oil storage building .............. ee 300
Poultry and Breeding houses 2... 1,400
$18,425
At the start of the European war, a general order was
issued by the Comptroller directing the heads of all departments
to withhold new work, which affected the above appropriation.
Your committee, however, has been successful in obtaining the
release of the money appropriated for the erection of the Animal
Hospital. The balance of the appropriation is held up indefinitely.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 49
The small balance of $4,165.34, reported January 1, 1914,
as being available for Miscellaneous Ground Improvement Work
at the Park, has been completely exhausted.
CONSTRUCTION.
Animal Hospital.—The balance of $7,518.82 available for
the erection of an Animal Hospital, proved insufficient for that
purpose, and your committee therefore made an application, as
above stated, to the City Authorities for an additional appro-
priation of $15,000, which has been granted. With the money
at present on hand a total of $22,518.32 is available for this
purpose. Failure of the various City Departments to act has
resulted in considerable delay, but the site has been located, and
the plans have been completed, and with the specifications are
being printed. Bids will be advertised for early in 1915.
The epidemic among the anthropoid apes and the difficulty
of providing the gorilla with suitable quarters, has emphasized
the absolute necessity of a Quarantine and Hospital Building.
Ape House.—The next building to be erected at the Park
will be a house for the anthropoid apes, so planned that the
space reserved for the animals and that devoted to visitors will
be absolutely independent, and each have a separate system of
ventilation and heating.
Elephant House Roof.—The repairs to the roof of the Ele-
phant House have been completed with apparently satisfactory
results.
Shelter Pavilion, East Side—The Shelter Pavilion on the
east side of the Bronx River has been completed and opened to
the public.
EXPEDITIONS.
Gorilla Expedition.—The Society’s expedition to West Af-
rica for living gorillas, in charge of Mr. R. L. Garner of Phila-
delphia, returned to New York on August 21, with one female
gorilla in good condition. This rare animal (known as “Dinah’’)
is at present on exhibition at the Park. A smaller and less
valuable specimen, obtained at the same time, died in January,
1914, before leaving ‘Africa. The plan formulated to take time
to domesticate gorillas in Africa, proved successful in this case.
This specimen on arrival, instead of being morose, sullen and
contrary in appetite, was very cheerful, lively and affectionate,
and exercised vigorously.
50 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Every effort is being made by your committee to preserve
this specimen in good health, and an outside cage has been
constructed to give her open air treatment. In spite of this,
however, her health has visibly declined, but your committee
hopes that it may only be a temporary condition which will pass
off. A full account of this animal will appear in the Director’s
report. ,
Crandall Expedition.—During the spring your committee
authorized an expedition to South America to secure a collec-
tion of birds. The expedition started from New York on March
21, in charge of Mr. Lee S. Crandall, Assistant Curator of Birds
at the Zoological Park. Six weeks were spent in the field, the
total result being more than three hundred living specimens,
including mammals, birds, reptiles, batrachians, fishes and in- |
sects, a great majority of which had not previously been ex-
hibited here.
Tour of Veterinarians.—Dr. W. Reid Blair, Veterinarian
at the Zoological Park, has made an official tour of European
Veterinary Hospitals and Laboratories, under the auspices of
the American Veterinary Medical Association, leaving New
York on June 18, and returning August 22, and during August
attended the International Veterinary Congress in London. His
report will appear at length in this volume.
Mowbray Expedition—An expedition to Louisiana to col-
lect large fresh-water fishes in the Mississippi River was au-
thorized on April 2, under Mr. L. L. Mowbray, for many years
in charge of the Aquarium at Bermuda, and lately in charge of
the Aquarium at Boston. One hundred and twelve specimens
of fresh-water fishes were obtained, consisting of ten species,
and forty-three turtles, consisting of four species. Mr. Mow-
bray has been placed permanently on the Aquarium staff.
WILD LIFE PROTECTION.
Early in April the violent opposition to the federal migra-
tory bird law, that for three months had been manifested in
Kansas City, Missouri, developed in the United States Senate,
and created a situation that required prompt and vigorous treat-
ment. The movement set forward by Senator James A. Reed,
was calculated to destroy our most valuable bird law by with-
holding an appropriation for its enforcement, in order that the
law might be utterly discredited. The Director of the Park was
forced to join the officers of other bird protecting organizations
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 51
in arousing the press and people of the country at large to sup-
port the demand for a fund of $50,000, with which to enforce
the law. After about five weeks of very strenuous efforts and
a prolonged fight in the Senate, the measure came to a vote on
April 14. The result was a three-fourths majority for an ap-
propriation of $50,000, but the debate showed conclusively that
the validity and constitutionality of the law will be fought at
every point by the enemies of birds, and a fierce fight will be
made to defeat the proposed treaty with Canada. This means
that the Society must continue its efforts to arouse the public
in behalf of that treaty, and secure the ratification by the usual
two-thirds vote.
The campaign for the protection of the birds of the world
from the millinery trade, which was being vigorously prose-
cuted in England, Germany, France and Holland, has been com-
pletely halted by the European war. In England the Hobhouse
bill, similar in character to our migratory bird bill, was actually
on the point of being passed by the House of Commons when
war was declared, and only urgency measures were considered
in Parliament.
A successful effort was made in California by the game
dealers and market gunners to destroy the Flint-Carey law pro-
hibiting the sale of game. A great contest arose over this issue,
and was conducted vigorously throughout the entire year. The
matter came up for popular vote on a referendum on Novem-
ber 3, and the law was destroyed by a majority of 8,153. This
defeat was partly due to a public exposition of the duck shoot-
ing proclivities of the President of the California State Game
and Fish Commission, Mr. F. M. Newbert, and on the whole it
is a great step backwards for California.
In the months of January and February, 1914, Director
Hornaday delivered at Yale University a course of lectures be-
fore the Forestry School, on “Wild Life Conservation in Theory
and Practice.’”” In November these lectures were published in
text-book form by the Yale University Press, and in the interest
of wild life protection, your committee has authorized the pur-
chase of two hundred copies, and their distribution among the
universities, colleges and forestry schools in the United States
with the recommendation that they be used as text books.
52 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS.
On account of heavy expenditures in other directions, the
expenditures made during the year on these collections were
unusually small and unimportant.
GALLERY OF OIL PAINTINGS.
In accordance with the program laid down in 1912, your
committee ordered three more oil paintings of especially im-
portant animals. Mr. Carl Rungius executed for the Society a
large exhibition painting of a “Mule Deer in the Montana Bad-
Lands,” and a life-size portrait of “Dinah,” our gorilla. Mr.
Charles R. Knight painted for the Society a picture of a “Jaguar
at Home.”
At present seven paintings by Mr. Rungius and two by Mr.
Knight, including those for the year 1913, viz.—the “Prong-
Horned Antelope” and the “Snow Leopard,” are on exhibition
at the Park in the Administration Building. An “Angel Fish,”
also by Mr. Knight, is on exhibition at the Aquarium.
Mr. Watson B. Dickerman has been elected a member of
the Art Committee to take the place of Mr. Emerson McMillin,
who resigned.
One additional subscriber to the fund for this gallery of
paintings has been received, vizi—Mr. Joseph A. McAleenan, a
Life Member of the Society.
The subscribers to this fund are as follows:
Subscriptions of $250 a year for five years:
Frank K. Sturgis, Lispenard Stewart,
Percy R. Pyne, Mortimer L. Schiff,
Joseph A. McAleenan.
Conditional subscriptions of $250 a year:
Cleveland H. Dodge, Edward S. Harkness,
C. Ledyard Blair, Watson B. Dickerman.
It is the intention of your committee to complete a full
series of important American mammals at the earliest feasible
date. The approaching extermination of many of the most in-
teresting forms will make such a gallery of paintings of Ameri-
can wild life of unique and increasing value.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 53
FORESTRY DEPARTMENT.
The usual amount of general maintenance work, such as
cleaning of walks and lawns, collection and disposal of garbage
and refuse, care of forests and planting, pruning of trees and
the extermination of pests, and a great deal of painting, has
been carried on as in previous years.
Comparatively little has been done by this department in
ground improvement work on account of lack of funds for this
purpose. The most important items, however, are, the paving
around the new Yak Shelter, setting of water troughs and the
final details in connection with this installation; repairs to the
concrete sidewalk of the Concourse; repairs to the paving in the
Service Yard and to the wagon scale; grading around new Pa-
vilion east of the river, and planting around new Public Service
Building.
The amount of repair work to buildings and walks accom-
plished during the year has been far greater than in any other
year since the establishment of the Park. This has already been
reported upon in the Improvement and Repair Fund.
PROSECTOR’S DEPARTMENT.
During the year the soft parts of deceased animals have
been turned over to the.Rrosector’s Department for analysis.
Specimens are preserved and are of great scientific value, and
your committee feels indebted to Dr. George S. Huntington and
his assistants, Dr. H. von W. Schulte and Dr. Hans Zinsser, as
well as to Dr. H. L. Amoss of the Rockefeller Institute, for their
assistance during the year.
PHEASANT MONOGRAPH.
Mr. C. William Beebe, Curator of Birds, returned to the
employ of the Society on January 1, 1915, after a leave of ab-
sence of five years. The work on the pheasant monograph is
now practically complete with the exception of proof reading
and book-making, and the final touches, which could have been
completed immediately if it were not for the war. As it is, prep-
arations have been made to complete the monograph and publish
possibly one volume this year, and the balance next year. The
letter press and the illustrations have been completed. The
monograph can be completed whenever conditions justify its
publication. :
54 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LABORATORY, CURATOR OF BIRDS.
To facilitate the work of Mr. C. William Beebe, Curator
of Birds at the Zoological Park, in connection with his scientific
research, your committee has authorized the erection of a lab-
oratory for his use by the extension of the winter house of the
Eagle and Vulture Aviary to the northward.
Mr. Beebe returned to his duties as Curator of Birds on
January 1, 1915.
WALRUS PROTECTION.
At the Annual Meeting of the Society in 1914, a committee,
with Mr. Hoffman Nickerson as Chairman, was appointed to
take steps for the preservation of the Walrus, now threatened
with extermination by reason of indiscriminate killing in the
Behring Sea and in the adjacent regions of the Arctic Ocean.
Mr. Nickerson visited St. Petersburg and established relations
with the Russian authorities which promise to lead to co-opera-
tive action with Russia on the part of our federal government,
if the latter continues to take an intelligent interest in the pres-
ervation of Alaskan animals, and not abandon the power to
make game laws to the local authorities.
The efforts will be continued during the coming year, but
will probably have to await the outcome of the war before
definite results in connection with an international treaty can
be effected.
BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION.
The Bronx Parkway Commission has made notable advances
in the acquisition of lands through private purchase, and in the
cleaning of the Bronx River and the removal of nuisances.
Charges emanating from dissatisfied property owners who de-
sired to force the Commission into condemnation, were brought,
but were dismissed by the Governor on the ground of frivolity.
Nearly one-half of the land has been acquired by the Com-
mission at private sale, and the balance has been appraised, and
to a large extent its purchase is under negotiation. In view of
the fact that the Parkway is fifteen miles long, and involves
1,271 parcels consisting of 1,200 acres, the acquisition of nearly
one-half of the land within fifteen months represents an enor-
mous volume of work.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 55
PLANTS, TURF AND FIELD CLUB.
Through the courtesy of the officers of the Turf and Field
Ciub a number of rare and costly palms and other, plants have
been placed on deposit with the Society at the Zoological Park
as a loan. ©
RECEPTIONS.
Reception at Aquarium.—The first of a series of annual re-
ceptions to members was held at the Aquarium on Monday
evening, May 4. An attendance of about six hundred was noted,
including thirteen members of the Board of Managers. Ladies
from the Ladies’ Auxiliary acted as a Reception Committee.
Motion pictures were shown of the porpoise expedition, and of
elephant seals on Guadalupe Island. Music and refreshments
were furnished. Hereafter this reception will be held on the
first Monday in May.
Ladies’ Day at the Park.—The Ladies’ Auxiliary held a re-
ception at the Park on Thursday, May 14. Band music was fur-
nished and refreshments were served.
Members’ Day at the Park.—On Thursday, May 21, a re-
ception, with music and refreshments, was tendered to mem-
bers in the Administration Building. Arrangements were also
made to serve tea to members in-this building on Thursday
afternoons, May 29, June 4 and 11, but the attendance on the
latter days was too small to justify their continuance. Here-
after this reception will be held on the first Thursday in June.
MEMORANDUM OF MEETINGS 1915.
Annual Meeting of Society:
January 12, 1915, 8:30 P. M.
Hotel Waldorf-Astoria.
Meetings, Board of Managers:
Annual Meeting. Annual Dinner.
January 19, 1915, 3 P. M. February 9, 1915, 8 P. M.
Down Town Association. Courtesy of Ogden Mills, Esq.
Park Meeting.
June 3, 1915, 2 P. M.
Preceded by: Luncheon.
56 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Meetings, Executive Committee:
January 7, 1915 May 13, 1915
February 4, 1915 November 11, 1915
March 11, 1915 June 17, 1915
April 8, 1915 October 14, 1915
December 9, 1915
Members’ Reception at Aquarium.
May 3, 1915, 8:30 P. M.
Members’ Day at Ladies’ Day at
Zoological Park. Zoological Park.
June 3, 1915, 3 P. M. May 13, 1915, 3 P. M.
BOARD OF MANAGERS.
At the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Society, held on
January 13, 1914, at the Hotel Waldorf-Astoria, the following
Managers were elected: ;
Class of 1917.
Henry Fairfield Osborn, George F. Baker,
William C. Church, Grant B. Schley,
Lispenard Stewart, Wm. Pierson Hamilton,
H. Casimir deRham, Robert S. Brewster,
Charles F. Dieterich, Edward S. Harkness,
James J. Hill, William B. Osgood Field.
Owing to the death of Mr. John L. Cadwalader, there was
a vacancy in the Vice-Presidency, and at the spring meeting of
the Board of Managers, Mr. Madison Grant was unanimously
elected Vice-President to fill this vacancy.
The Fifth Annual Dinner of the Board of Managers was
given by Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge on Tuesday, February 10,
1914, at the University Club. Short addresses were made by
Mr. Madison Grant and Mr. Dodge. Mr. Raymond L. Ditmars,
Curator of Reptiles at the Zoological Park, gave four reels of
extremely interesting motion pictures, showing the life of in-
sects and snakes at the Park.
The Sixth Annual Dinner will be given through the cour-
tesy of Mr. Ogden Mills on Tuesday, February 9, 1915.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 57
The spring meeting of the Board of Managers was held in
the Administration Building in the Zoological Park on Thurs-
day, May 21, 1914. General reports were received from the
Executive Committee, the Treasurer and the Directors of the
Park and the Aquarium. It was decided to hold this meeting
hereafter on the first Thursday of June at 2 o’clock P. M., and
that it be preceded by luncheon at the Park.
At a meeting of your committee held on October 1, 1914,
Mr. Henry M. Tilford was elected a member of the Board of
Managers, Class of 1915, to fill the vacancy caused by the death
of the late John L. Cadwaiader.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The relations with all departments and officials of the City’s
government, and especially with the Park Department, have
continued to be most cordial, and your committee is greatly in-
debted to these officials, as well as the members of the Board of
Estimate and Apportionment, for their support and co-operation
during the past year.
The Directors of the Park and the Aquarium, and their re-
spective staffs, have been most zealous and energetic in, the
performance of their duties, and the Society enters upon this
new year with the assurance of an ever-increasing sphere of
activity and usefulness.
Respectfully submitted,
MADISON GRANT, Chairman.
PERCY R. PYNE, FRANK K. STURGIS,
SAMUEL THORNE, LISPENARD STEWART,
WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN,
Wo. PIERSON HAMILTON, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN,
Ex-Officio.
Extrart from the Minutes
of the
Executive Commitier of the Board of Managers
of the New York Zonlogiral Society
April 2, 1914
ont the orrasion of the
Death of John L. Cadwalader
The Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the New
York Zoological Society desire to express the esteem in which they
hold the memory of their late colleague
John Lambert Cadimalader
one of the Founders of the Society and of the New York Zoological
Park.
With his close friend, Philip Schuyler, Mr. Cadwalader stood
by the Society in the early days of its formation between 1895-1898,
when it had neither plans, friends, nor influence. He was one of the
original Board and faithfully gave all the meetings of the Executive
Committee between 1895 and 1902 his unrivaled counsel and advice,
and the prestige of his great reputation at the bar. He carefully
examined all the successive legal steps by which secure foundations
were established for the future administration of the Society and
the Park.
As in all other causes for the public welfare in our City and
Country he gave freely of his valuable time and most generously
of his fortune. He loved the Park as it developed and was a fre-
quent and delighted visitor. In our meetings we shall always miss
his serious, genial and often humorous presence as well as the de-
lightful hospitality of his home.
This tribute and memorial would be incomplete without a record
of his formal service to the Society; an original member of the
Board of Managers, elected May 7, 1895; a member of the Execu-
tive Committee from May 21, 1895, until January 21, 1902; Vice-
President from January 21, 1902, until his death; a member of the
Board of Managers until his death; elected Associate Founder dur-
ing 1897; Founder, December 14, 1900; Founder in Perpetuity,
December 6, 1910.
During his life he contributed nearly $12,000 to the development
of the Park, and on his decease he gave further evidence of his
interest in the bequest of $20,000, so that his name will be perma-
nently enrolled as one of the Benefactors of the Society. May his
example as a citizen and patriot inspire many men of the rising
generation to render similar service to the City, the State and the
Country.
Sadia alae
Resolutions
for the
Promotion of Wild Life Protection
At the Annual meeting of the New York Zoological Society
held on January 12, 1915, the following Resolutions were of-
fered, and unanimously adopted:
CONVERSION OF NATIONAL FOREST RESERVES INTO GAME
REFUGES.
Wuenreas, It appears that the killing for sport, and for food, of game birds
and mammals in the National Forest Reserves is destroying the wild life much
faster than it is breeding, and over wide areas the final disappearance of many
species is impending; now therefore be it
Resolved, That the New York Zoological Society recommends that the Fed-
eral Government take immediate steps to convert any or all of the forest
reserves of the United States into game refuges, for such period and to such
extent as is necessary to assure the continued existence of threatened species,
and the continuance of the game supply of the surrounding districts.
INTERNATIONAL TREATY FOR PROTECTION OF BIRDS.
Resolved, That the New York Zoological Society respectfully urges upon the
attention of the Government of the Dominion of Canada, the pressing importance,
as well-to Canada as to the United States, of concluding at the earliest moment
practicable, an international treaty for the protection of all migratory birds,
under regulations similar to those now in force in the United States through the
Federal Migratory Bird Law.
PROTECTION OF THE WALRUS.
Resolved, That the report of the committee on Marine Mammals be accepted
with thanks, and that the committee be continued with full power for another
year; and be it further
Resolved, That the Society continue its efforts to bring together the Russian
and the United States Governments in a comprehensive program of conservation ;
and be it further
Resolved, That as soon as political conditions permit, an international con-
gress of the nations whose territories march on the Polar Regions, be called to
consider uniform measures for the protection of wild life within the Arctic circle
in order that the food supply of native races be conserved, and that the unique
and ancient forms of arctic mammals be preserved for all time.
SAOQUII[D [NJ[LS ore S]VOS o[I3e osayy,
YHVL NVAV'IVAIH
ee ye eer
REPORT OF THE
DIRECTOR OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.
HE year 1914 leaves us with a rather unusual number of
- causes for regret. The epidemic of quick and strange tu-
berculosis that struck our apes last January was the most exas-
perating item of ill-fortune that ever has visited our animal
collections. The loss of the frail young blotched giraffe that
we had so long awaited from East Africa was not very surpris-
ing, but none the less disappointing. The mysterious partial
paralysis of the arms and legs of our gorilla is wholly unde-
served, but from that the animal is now recovering.
On the other side of our annual accounting, we find the
usual number of benefits for which to be grateful. First of all,
the Board of Estimate lifted our maintenance fund out of a
Slough of Despond, and enabled us to live through the year
without hourly worry regarding our daily expenditures. The-
Society’s difficult and costly adventure in West Africa for a
live gorilla was a complete success, even despite the European
war. The success of Mr. Grant’s efforts in the creation of a
pension fund for the Society’s employees gave to our 170 men
and women an assurance of care in old age, and in widowhood,
such as they had remotely dreamed of but never had dared to
hope for. By taking $10,000 from the Animal Fund, because
there was no other source of supply, we were enabled to carry
out a long list of repairs to buildings that long had been await-
ing attention. Finally, the annual attendance of visitors at the
Zoological Park handsomely passed the 2,000,000 mark.
ATTENDANCE.
If the turn-stile attendance of visitors of any public educa-
tional institution is not to be taken as a good index of its popu-
larity, then where will an index be found? In its remoteness
from New York City’s center of population and of street-car
service, the Zoological Park is heavily handicapped. For about
four-fifths of this city’s population, our grounds are reached
62 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
only by a very special effort, and a long ride before and after,
often disagreeably crowded. Very few persons visit our grounds
because they are near at hand.
But in spite of all handicaps of distance and transportation,
our attendance has steadily increased from year to year, literally
by leaps and bounds. For 1914 we were quite prepared to find
that the war, the hard times and extensive lack of employment
had prevented any increase in our list of visitors. Late in the
year we were agreeably surprised to find our attendance figures
not only were showing no decline, but a good increase was being
recorded. The close of the year finds us well beyond our hoped-
for 2,000,000 figure.
During the year one newspaper and two obscure magazines
have contained lugubrious editorials and letters on the grave
question: “Shall not all Zoological Gardens and Parks be abol-
ished, in favor of Museums of Dead Animals?” Thus far we
have made no answer to that momentous and epoch-making
question. Today, however, we will make our answer, thus:
2,020,433!
The monthly schedule of attendance for 1913 and 1914 is
as follows:
MONTHLY ATTENDANCE FOR THE YEAR 1914.
1914 1913 1912
SADUATY: Soe ot oe ae 56,268 88,195 38,271
FORTRON nt coe oe 57,235 75,895 75,752
Marche 0 oat ae ee i Pr Aasy | 127,448 118,911
PTA ee sian ees eee 182,131 128,828 136,689
MAG he ee ee eee 394,154 262,474 183,216
Ss) ee eta ge Ogle ee 220,406 297,719 266,294
SO ois See eee ees 277,901 233,961 193,816
Ariat <5 kee Se 249,072 242,672 228,964
September 20s 204,206 171,371 162,535
October. 3:23 eee 150,872 136,800 155,105
November. ...0 23 107,922 104,950 77,354
December (2... ce ees 43,009 73,370 71,548
Total. o.ccis hoes 2,020,433 1,943,683 1,708,455
1914 Increase: over 1913) 2.2.36 ee 76,750
1914 Increase over 1912) 23 311,978
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 63
THE POLICE AND THE PUBLIC.
The failure of the police department and the judges of the
police courts of this city to sternly repress the throwing of rub-
bish in parks and in the streets continues to handicap our efforts
for cleanliness and good order. On every Monday morning in
fine weather between spring and winter, such of the parks of
this city as we have been accustomed to see at frequent intervals
always show wicked and disgusting ill-usage at the hands of the
mobs who frequent them on Sundays. It seems to be a fact
that about ten per cent of the people of this city are not fit to
live in civilized communities.
It is difficult to understand the workings of the minds of
persons who can blithely and cheerfully scatter rubbish on
beautifully kept lawns that have been created for their benefit.
It is not the part of good citizenship to keep silent in the pres-
ence of low-lived beasts who appreciate nothing, and love filth
and disorder. The police department and the municipal judges
of this city are very neglectful of their duty in failing to sup-
press these lawless tendencies, with iron hands. How much
longer are the decent people of New York going to tamely sub-
mit to the reign of Dirt and Disorder, at the same moment that
loud calls are being made for “more parks,” and more “‘breath-
ing spaces’”—for more exhibits of vandalism?
During the summer season of 1914 it was again necessary
for the Zoological Society to maintain, at the expense of its
members, three private detectives for the purpose of keeping
the disorderly portion of our visitors within bounds. But for
their efforts, joined to those of our own special details of about
twelve men every Sunday, the Park would have been uninhabit-
able by decent folk.
The Police Commissioner greatly aided us by doubling the
police force on Saturdays and Sundays; and it was a great re-
lief to be able to feel that in case of any serious emergency our
men would have the assistance of half a dozen policemen instead
of two only.
Throughout the year, no accidents occurred to visitors, and
even with our great crowds of visitors there was no disorderly
conduct of a violent character. Only one complaint against an
employee reached the Director, and when the case was called
for trial by the Director the complainant failed to appear.
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NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 65
THE CASE OF THE ELEPHANT, GUNDA.
Last spring a New York newspaper elected to start in its
columns a sentimental war on the Director of the Zoological
Park with Gunda, the troublesome Indian elephant, as the casus
belli. By the use of cruelty stories and letters, hundreds of
readers were finally wrought up to a state of excitement over
the “tortures” of Gunda.
A similar state of mind, among sensitive people who know
little about wild animals save through the newspapers, could
have been developed by similar methods regarding almost any
animal in the Zoological Park! More than this, it is reasonably
certain that the same methods could produce a similar state of
public indignation regarding the confinement, hard work, abuse
by employers and other sorrows in general of any clerk, cook,
motorman or milkman in New York. And yet, it is probable
that there are in this city today 100,000 persons—men, women
and children—who would be glad to exchange their present con-
dition in life for a counterpart of the conditions that regulate
the daily life of that storm-center elephant.
All the world knows what a fully equipped newspaper can
do in creating sentiment when it applies itself to a given task
with unflagging industry and abundant space. A few years
ago the colored people of New York were very successfully
wrought up to a state of excitement by a shrewdly developed
newspaper sensation regarding Ota Benga, the African pygmy.
The troubles of a very small portion of the public regard-
ing Gunda were due to ignorance of important facts in the case,
to persistent misrepresentation by letter-writers to “the paper,”
and an absence of the ability to accept facts, or to reason re-
garding that animal. Inasmuch as we are very likely in the
future to have further troubles with bad elephants, and the Zoo-
logical Society looks to the officers of the Zoological Park to
render evenhanded justice both to the animals and to the keepers,
I deem it desirable to state now that the Park Officers do not
propose to be driven by ignorant public clamor, by insulting
letters either signed or unsigned, or by threats of any sort, from
doing what they regard as their plain duty in each case.
As some members of the Society already are aware, the Di-
rector of the Park has enjoyed a combination of opportunities
for studying the minds and temperaments of elephants, both
wild and captive, such as perhaps no other man in America ever
66 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
has experienced, and he does not propose to have his views de-
liberately thrust aside by persons outside the Zoological Society
who never in their lives have taken the trouble to study the va-
rious sides of elephant character, and who never have been
required to associate with bad elephants.
As a case in point, we recall a visit from a gentleman who
last summer vehemently assured the Director that for years
past he had been visiting all the zoological gardens of Europe
and America, that he knew all the keepers, knew all the captive
elephants in Europe, and that he knew of his own personal
knowledge that no elephant ever had been chained as Gunda is,
etc., etc. And yet, until we told him the fact he never once had
heard or known that for the past twenty years old “Bolivar” was
kept chained in his stall in the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens,
by all four feet, and no one ever made any fuss about it!
In several of the unjust and insulting letters that were writ-
ten to the New York Times, and printed therein (down to a date
as late as Jan. 13), there was displayed much gross ignorance;
and in several serious misrepresentations were made. For ex-
ample, it was persistently stated that we had chained Gunda as
a “punishment,” and in “revenge” for his attacks on the keepers.
All such statements were wickedly false, and most unjust to the
keepers and the Director of the Park; but apparently to people
who are in the habit of writing and publishing falsehoods and
insults, those are “trifles, light as air.” Gunda never was pun-
ished for any of his misdeeds! His chains were necessary to
make it possible to keep him alive and in good health, and to
avoid killing him prematurely. The “Park authorities” never
have made any “promise” or “promises” whatsoever regarding
Gunda.
Some persons affect to believe that Gunda would rather be
killed than to live as we keep him; which merely reveals the
depth of individual ignorance regarding wild animals to which
some human minds can descend. In every other business in
life, it is conceded that there is such a thing as expert knowledge,
derived from education, observation and experience. Regarding
wild animals, however, there are persons who seem to think that
this condition does not exist. If a director of a “zoo” should at-
tempt to tell an editor how to run his newspapers, the director
would be regarded as a fit candidate for a lunacy commission;
but some persons instantly can assume that they know all about
wicked elephants, and are competent to give directions regard-
ing their management.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 67
It seems that in New York City there are a few human
minds so dense as to be impenetrable by facts and reason. It is
useless to try to inform such minds, on any subject, even that a
deadly dangerous elephant who is free, and an unarmed man
cannot occupy the same stall at the same time without a tragedy.
Unless the elephant is partially restrained from killing the man,
murder will be done. The mere fact that an elephant cannot be
_ turned out of doors in winter—from four to six times each day
—in order that his housework may be done, does not phase Gun-
da’s letter-writing champions, in the least.
During last June, July and August, Gunda was exceedingly
wicked and dangerous. His annual period of sexual excitement
was very severe and long continued. When it ended, and he had
quieted down, we were able to take off his rear leg-chain, and
slip the ring of his (seven-foot) front chain over a long steel
cable, which enabled him to travel at will between the front of
his cage and the rear of his corral. Even with that liberty,
however, he spent by far the greater portion of his time stand-
ing quietly in his stall indoors, munching hay and watching the
crowds of visitors! Today he enjoys life much more than the
average New Yorker; because all his wants are supplied, he has
plenty of company, and no one troubles him.
Whenever Gunda begins seriously to suffer from any phase
of his confinement, the Director of the Park will be the first
person to recognize it, and to propose to the Executive Commit-
tee of the Zoological Society that he shall be destroyed.
There is one other point about the Gunda unpleasantness
that continually comes into view. Of all the many persons who
have attacked us most unjustly regarding the elephant, not one
person (so far as I can recall) ever has expressed the slightest
sympathy for Gunda’s keepers, or regret that Keeper Thuman
spent four months in bed recovering from the two terrible
wounds that nearly cost him his life! The sympathy is all for
the elephant, whose only grief is that he cannot get a chance to
finish Thuman!
It is the legitimate business, and also the imperative duty,
of the managers of every zoological park or garden worthy of
the name to keep and to exhibit a certain number of dangerous
animals. In the care of such animals, the directors of such in-
stitutions have duties to the animals, to the public, and to the
keepers of dangerous animals, none of which may be ignored.
68 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The safety of keepers is a subject which is of prime importance
and in the New York Zoological Park it is and ever shall be so
treated.
THE PENSION FUND.
The long-desired pension fund for the employees of the Zoo-
logical Park is an accomplished fact—thanks to the enterprising
initiative of Chairman Madison Grant and the never-ending gen-
erosity and human-kindness of Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Instead
of a long campaign for subscriptions, conducted at an unpro-
pitious period for securing them, Mr. Carnegie’s splendid gift
of $100,000 brought the pension idea to a state of full bloom,
actually in a moment.
It is only the men and women who have worked hard—and
lived hard—on small salaries, out of which nothing worth while
can be saved, who can understand fully what this pension sys-
tem means to our force. Without the prospect of a pension as
a safe shield against calamity, every head of a family without
an imperishable income knows no such thing as freedom from
worry regarding the consequences to his wife and his children
of his disablement or death, and a total loss of income.
For at least ten years the Zoological Society has been pay-
ing pensions to certain superannuated employees, and widows
of employees, and nothing has been said about it. The help had
to be given; and the City could not give it. Although salaries
in the Park always have been low, the Society has made that
condition less hard by taking a practical interest in the welfare
of its employees, at least as far as its means would allow. No
person who is injured on duty, either through his own fault or
no fault, ever is required to get well at his own expense. In
several cases, the efforts and the expenses of the Society have
saved the lives of employees.
The status of the pension system can be stated in a few
words.
The Carnegie Pension Fund yields an annual income of
$4,360.
The employees of the Park pay into the General Pension
Fund two per cent of their salaries.
The Zoological Society makes to the General Pension Fund
an annual subscription (from its Income Account) of about
$3,500, or whatever sum proves to be necessary to pay pensions.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 69
During the next ten years, the drafts on the Pension Fund
will be light, and during that period a good surplus will be accu-
mulated. Eventually the Pension Fund will imperatively need
other subscriptions, to a total of about $100,000 more, to meet
the heavy calls that future years inexorably will bring. The
sooner this is provided by bequests and special subscriptions, the
better. The general basis of the pension payments is from 20
to 40 per cent of the employee’s salary, according to his term
of service, and one-half that rate for a dependent widow. The
details of the plan of foundation have been printed in full, in
pamphlet form, and that publication is in the hands of all per-
sons who are directly interested.
WILD LIFE PROTECTION.
The most important short campaign of the year 1914 was for
the saving of the federal migratory bird law. Through a com-
bination of hostile influences, chiefly outside Congress, a com-
mittee of the United States Senate was induced to strike from
the Agricultural appropriation bill the entire sum ($50,000)
that had been inserted by the House for the maintenance of the
migratory bird law from July, 1914, to July, 1915. Even when
a paltry $10,000 was restored, it meant that for twelve months
the law would be, through non-enforcement, an object of public
contempt.
The prospect of seeing the best bird law ever put into any
statute book for twelve long months dragged through the mire
through non-enforcement, was unendurable. Instantly with the
news of the danger a campaign began, to induce the United
States Senate to save the law. These efforts were successful;
for the original appropriation of $50,000 was written back in
the bill, and eventually enacted into law. In the course of the
contest on the floor of the Senate, the Zoological Society’s rep-
resentative was roundly and at great length assailed by Senator
Reed, of Missouri.
The very energetic campaign of Mr. Hoffman Nickerson for
the saving of the Pacific walrus herds of Bering Sea led him to
visit Petrograd, Russia, in an effort to make an impression upon
the Russian Government. His mission failed through a very
exasperating cause. The Russian officials were quite willing to
receive Mr. Nickerson, and consider his cause in a friendly spirit,
provided the diplomatic representatives of the United States in
Russia would introduce him. This simple service our Chargé
70 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
d’ Affaires flatly declined to render, without a positive order from
the United States Government; and so, thanks to two kinds of
red tape, Mr. Nickerson’s effort was completely thwarted. There
are times when an inactive friend is quite as deadly to a cause
as an active foe. Mr. Nickerson’s admirable efforts in behalf
of the disappearing walrus, prosecuted in two great capitals, cer-
tainly deserved better treatment than they received.
HEADS AND HORNS COLLECTION.
The most important gifts of the year were a finely mounted
head of an Abyssinian buffalo or “Nile” buffalo, presented by
Mr. Irving K. Taylor, and a particularly fine horns and skull
of a black mountain sheep. (Ovis stonei), presented by Mr. Frank
H. Callbreath, Telegraph Creek, British Columbia, and brought
to the Park by Mr. Daniel J. Singer, of New York. The pur-
chases made during the year embraced an extra large white-
tailed deer head from Minnesota; and the estate of Bartlett Rich-
ards, of Wyoming, deposited a famous ‘freak’? mule deer head
of grand proportions.
A constant watch is maintained for heads and horns of a
character so commanding that they will materially strengthen
the collection; but ‘‘record”’ offerings have been few.
PAINTINGS OF ANIMALS.
The Society begins to need the picture galleries that now
contain the heads and horns, for its collection of oil paintings.
We now have seven paintings by Carl Rungius, three of which
are of large size, and two by Charles R. Knight—certainly a
good beginning for a gallery of animal paintings. We will wel-
come the time when the erection of a suitable building for the
heads and horns will enable us to install that collection properly,
and throw it open to all visitors, and at the same time release
the picture galleries for their original purpose.
DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS.
W. T. Hornaday, Curator; Raymond L. Ditmars, Assistant Curator.
The most noteworthy animal added to the collection of mam-
mals during the year 1914 was the gorilla, obtained by Mr. Rich-
ard L. Garner in the Fernan Vaz district, French Congo Terri-
tory, West Africa, and brought to New York on August 21. The
arrival of this vigorous specimen of the famous and much-sought
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 71
SPRINGBOK
but elusive anthropoid, marked an important event in the history
of American zoological collections. Having been on exhibition
nearly five months, our gorilla has established a record for its
species in the New World. But two specimens had ever previ-
ously arrived in the United States. One, a mere infant that
never was exhibited, lived but three days. The second specimen,
which was exhibited in the Park in 1912, survived but ten days.
The present specimen is exceptionally fine as compared with the
young animals of the species that at long intervals have been
brought out of Africa to die en route to Europe, or soon after
arrival there.
On September 1, 1914, our gorilla weighed forty and one-
half pounds. Her standing height was three and one-half feet
and the extreme spread of her arms and hands between the tips
of her middle fingers was four feet two and one-half inches.
- This animal’s health remained excellent until November 15. It
was then she showed symptoms of paralysis of arms and legs.
Dr. Amoss of the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research has
made critical microscopic examinations, and we believe that the
gorilla will outgrow these indications of locomotor ataxia. She
72 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
is given plenty of out-door air, and each day the keepers wheel
her about the Park paths in a small carriage.
An outside room has been constructed for the gorilla, by
entirely lining the large outside cage at the northeastern corner
of the Primate House, with glass panels. She may go in and
out when she likes. The new room is not heated, but during a
portion of each day it is visited by sunlight. This playroom will
be useful in exercising the other members of the collection of
anthropoids.
The collection of mammals will be particularly affected by
the war situation in Europe which has called a complete halt
upon the collecting and shipping of wild animals from German
sources of supply. There are on exhibition in the Park at the
present time a number of old animals that should be replaced
during the coming year. Deaths among the faithful veterans
of public interest cannot be replaced without new arrangements,
and zoological collections in America generally will greatly suf-
fer from such conditions unless new lines of supply are promptly
established. It will be necessary for us to draw heavily from
the South American fauna during the next year, or possibly
for several years to come, but the mammals of the American
tropics will never suffice to fill the gaps caused by the loss of
impressive Old World forms. It is to be hoped England will
take immediate steps to supply the American market with Af-
rican and oriental animals, great and small.
One serious accident in our force of keepers is to be recorded
for the past year. On the morning of May 9, Keeper Bernard
McEnroe was viciously attacked by a cow bison and violently
thrown to the ground. Although severely injured, he was able
to escape from the corral. Dr. Gilbert J. Van der Smissen, who
attends all employees injured while on duty, discovered that
one of Keeper McEnroe’s lungs had been punctured by one of
the bison’s horns. Under skilful treatment, however, after sev-
several months’ disability, the patient quite recovered, and final-
ly he returned to work August 3.
In August we installed a collection of animals at the Yak
House. The surrounding yards are now filled, and the animals
find shelter in various rooms of this commodious building. The
central yards are occupied by an impressive pair of black yaks,
to which a vigorous calf was born on August 19, 1914. The
southeasterly yards are occupied by a pair of elands, and an
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 73
eland calf was added to the colony, by birth, on December 22,
1914. One of the southwesterly yards is occupied by several
species of kangaroos, and the northerly yards are well filled with
ostriches, emus and cassowaries. During the warm months
when this aggregation of odd and picturesque species wanders
about the radiating enclosures the spectacle is quite impressive.
During the early summer we noted that the rheumatic con-
dition of the pygmy elephant, Congo, was becoming much ag-
gravated, and we attributed the elephant’s distress partly to the
hard cement floor of his stall. He has for years been more or
less troubled with rheumatism. Congo was taken out of the
Elephant House and placed in the southerly portion of the elk
range, where there is a small pond. He was greatly pleased with
the change, and spent much of his time in the pond. The soft
ground and sun-warmed mud worked wonders with Congo, and
in view of his improved condition at the time it became neces-
sary to take him indoors, we decided to keep him off the cement
floor during the winter. Congo is consequently not on exhibi-
tion, as the only place we could provide for him was a deeply
bedded box stall, necessarily of large dimensions, in the Antelope
Shelter Barn.
Following is a list of important gifts during 1914:
13 Sapajou Monkeys 7 Raccoons
5 Macaque Monkeys 1 Coati-mundi
2 Woolly Monkeys 1 Black Bear
1 Green Monkey 5 Opossums
2 Squirrel Monkeys 38 Lynx
2 Marmosets 2 Skunks
1 Bennet’s Galago 1 Canada Porcupine
2 Gray Wolves 7 Gray Squirrels
4 Coyotes 2 13-Lined Spermophiles
7 Foxes 1 Hutia
2 Pack Rats 4 Egyptian Jerboas
1 Woodchuck 1 Long-Nosed Tenrec
1 Olive Agouti 1 Spiny Tenrec
1 Argentine Armadillo
Following is a list of the more important purchases during
the past year:
1 Chimpanzee 2 Hoolock Gibbons
1 Orang-Utan 5 Baboons
GORILLA, DINAH
When at liberty, she plays with all the abandon of a child.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 75
19 Lemurs 1 Fringe-Eared Beisa
1 Abyssinian Lion 1 Sable Antelope
1 Himalayan Bear 2 Bonteboks
1 Stellar Sea Lion 2 Rocky Mountain Goats
3 California Sea Lions 1 East African Wild Hog
1 Camel 2 Red Kangaroos
3 Grant Zebras 1 White-Cheeked Kangaroo
1 Kiang 2 Rock Wallabies
1 Blotched Giraffe 3 Echidnas
1 Siberian Ibex 1 Great Anteater
The most important deaths during the year were the fol-
lowing:
1 Blotched Giraffe (very young) 1 Lioness (destroyed; old age)
8 Orang-Utans 1 Tashkent Wapiti (old age)
3 Chimpanzees 1 Grant Zebra (accident)
1 Gelada Baboon 1 Big-Horn Sheep
The list of important births in 1914 is as follows:
3 Hog Deer 1 Yak
6 Axis Deer 2 Elands
3 Sika Deer 1 Beatrix Antelope
4 Red Deer 2 Aoudads
5 White-Tailed Deer 1 Persian Ibex
4 Fallow Deer 4 Himalayan Tahrs ;
2 Malayan Sambar Deer 1 Mongolian Wild Horse
1 Eld Deer 1 Hybrid Bear
4 American Elk 2 American Beaver
4 American Bison 3 Paradoxures
The following animals were sold during 1914: 2 Indian
sambar deer; 8 fallow deer; 2 Virginia deer; 1 hog deer; 1 wild
horse; 2 hamadryas baboons; 2 raccoons; 1 lion; 1 hybrid bear.
Mr. Lee S. Crandall, Assistant Curator of Birds, returned
in August from a collecting trip in Central America with the
following mammals: 1 pair raccoons, 1 pair coati-mundis; 1
pair red-bellied squirrels; 1 murine opossum and 1 gray spider
monkey.
The complete census of the mammals at the close of 1914
is as follows:
76 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
COMPLETE CENSUS OF THE MAMMALS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
January 1, 1915.
(Osborn’s Classification. )
Species Specimens.
Marsvpialia. 230 ee 8 11
Edentata 2 4
Carnivora 45 98
Pinnipedia x 2 5.
Rodentia 38 112
Primates.) < ‘ 29 71
Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates) ..... 60 254
Perissodactyla (Odd-toed Ungulates).. 15 25
PrODOsCIEed 2 ee 3 5
Hyracoides 5 ee es if: 1
Total) od ae eee 203 586
REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
W. Reid Blair, D. V. S.
During the past year we had the misfortune to have two
severe epidemics of infectious diseases among our collections—
tuberculosis among the primates, and distemper among the car-
nivores. The tubercular infection was of a very virulent type,
and within a few weeks our entire collection of great apes was
lost.
Since this collection of apes had become famous on account
of the health and longevity of its members, it may be of interest
to record the fact that no similar collection has lived for so long
a time in any other zoological garden. The following table shows
the length of time we have exhibited those nine orangs and chim-
panzees in the Zoological Park:
Orang, (Miké 3S ee ees 6 years 9 months
“i Mimi 32 .. 6 years 10 months
ut Baha ee a 5 years 9 months
* LO |, SC _8 years 4 months
= SAMMY Ss a aac Usha bok 3 years 0 months
Chimpanzee, Baldy o............-cccccccssssssssssceeeee 5 years 6 months
ss Disk i re ee ae 3 years 8 months
. OCG i rata 2 years 9 months
¥ MGS cee Ser See 2 years 10 months
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ue
HARTEBEESTE
The average exhibition period for these nine specimens was
about 4 years, 5 months.
For the first time in several years, distemper has been the
cause of a considerable number of deaths among the small mam-
mals, where the disease assumed the type of acute broncho-pneu-
monia. This disease is the most insidious with which we have
to contend. In addition to the great susceptibility and high mor-
tality, when distemper is contracted by the small mammals,
there is always the greater danger of the infection spreading
to our large carnivores, where it wouid be most difficult to con-
trol. On account of the large number of species susceptible to
this disease, every small mammal which arrives at the Park is
viewed with suspicion and quarantined for two or three weeks.
Distemper is universally prevalent throughout the country, and
is rarely absent for any length of time from the channels of
78 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
transportation. The problem of control is made all the more
difficult by the fact that it is sometimes impossible to determine
the medium through which the infection reaches our animals.
I have repeatedly demonstrated that a vaccine will cure
many cases of distemper, but as the animals even after complete
recovery are capable of spreading the infection to others, it
would be unwise to attempt to treat these cases without complete
quarantine hospital facilities, which are not available at present
in the Zoological Park. I hope soon to have a vaccine which
might be used for immunizing against distemper, and which
could be innoculated into susceptible animals upon their arrival
at the Park.
Many monkeys have been given to the Park which were in
the middle or terminal stage of cage paralysis, when received.
Occasionally these animals remain satisfactory subjects for ex-
hibition for a time, or until the paralysis becomes sufficiently
marked to attract the attention of the ordinary observer. Ema-
ciation is, however, an accompaniment of the terminal stages
of the disease in all except the very acute and actively progress-
ive cases. All animals showing the terminal symptoms of cage
paralysis are chloroformed at once, whether they have been
received as gifts or have developed the disease in our cages.
Each year an increasing number of animals that have been
on exhibition for a considerable number of years must be hu-
manely destroyed on account of general debility resulting from
old age. During the past year several elk, bison, antelope and
deer have been destroyed, also the lioness Bedouin Maid. The
male lion Sultan, which has been with us for about thirteen
years, and now is about eighteen years old, is much emaciated,
and can hardly survive longer than 1915.
We have had to combat the usual number of rare diseases
the past year, and some of them are of considerable interest to
the student of human medicine. The jaguar Lopez, which
had been on exhibition in the Park for more than twelve years,
developed an abscess in the submaxillary region, which assumed
the form of a very acute septicaemia, and the animal was chloro-
formed. A very large orang which had been in vigorous health
developed a mastoid abscess, as well as an abscess on the brain,
producing a paralysis of one side of the body. This animal was
chloroformed. A chimpanzee had appendicitis, with perforation
and adhesions. A gibbon died a few ‘days after reaching the
Park, the autopsy revealing a chronic adhesive peritonitis and
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 79
adhesive pleurisy. A Malabar squirrel died from a rupture of
the left ventricle.
A particularly fine eland died from anthrax. This animal,
apparently in fine physical condition, was found dead upon the
keeper’s arrival in the morning. The suddenness of death in
eases of anthrax often suggests acute poisoning or accidental
death, but the post mortem and the microscopical examination
of the blood demonstrated the presence of anthrax bacteria.
Broncho-pneumonia and lobar pneumonia are always the
cause of a considerable number of deaths each year. Pneumonia
is a common affection among the primates, even when not asso-
ciated with tuberculosis.
We never have had so few cases of gastro-enteritis as dur-
ing the past year. Among the hoofed stock, where this disease
has been so troublesome in the past, few fatal cases have oc-
curred, and the errors in diet which contributed so largely to
this disease have been eliminated.
During the year 1914 the total number of deaths was as
follows: Primates, 89; Carnivores, 79; Ungulates, 48; Marsu-
pials, 19; Rodents, 74; and Edentates, 6. Total, 315.
DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS.
C. William Beebe, Curator; Lee S. Crandall, Assistant Curator;
Samuel Stacey, Head Keeper.
The bird collections as a whole have never been in better
health or condition than during the past year. Unfortunately,
however, as Germany is the chief bird mart of the world, the
suppression of the commerce of that country made itself felt at
once, and there has been some falling off in both species and
specimens. Up to the present, our cages and aviaries have been
so well filled that this diminution is not noticeable by visitors,
there being no cages empty because of this unexpected obstacle
to the maintenance of the full enrollment of the collection. Dur-
ing the last two or three weeks of the year, a few birds, mainly
canaries, were brought over by way of Holland, and it may be
that more interesting shipments will follow.
During April and May, the Assistant Curator, accompanied
by Mr. T. Donald Carter, went on a collecting trip to Costa Rica.
More than 400 living specimens were secured, including mam-
mals, birds, reptiles and batrachians, fishes and insects. Full
‘uoprey ysie oy} JO pus YYNOS oY} WOAT UDYe] MOTA
SANINOA ATIM YOd ASHOH AHL
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 81
reports of the expedition were published in Vol. XVII, No. 4,
of the Bulletin, and in Zoologica, No. 18.
A fine pair of North African ostriches, reared on one of
the Arizona farms, and a flock of six emus, were installed in
the Yak House and adjacent corrals, and so far have thriven sat-
isfactorily without the slightest artificial heat. We hope to be
able to establish these birds as permanent inmates of their pres-
ent roomy quarters.
Fourteen small individual cages which were erected at the
sides of the passage from the Parrot Hall to the Glass Court
have proved an unqualified success. We are thus enabled to
exhibit many delicate or quarrelsome birds which otherwise we
should not be able to keep. The specimens shown include many
of the rarest in the collection.
The most interesting arrival during the year is a kagu,
(Rhinochetus jubatus). This bird, which is a native of New
Caledonia, one of the small French islands lying east of Aus-
tralia, was purchased in Germany, and formed part of the last
shipment to be received from that country. Although curiously
nondescript in appearance, the kagu forms one of the sub-orders
of the cranes, and is allied to the sun-bitterns, trumpeters and
seriemas.
A fine flock of black-footed or jackass penguins (Spheniscus
demersus), the first we have had in several years, was placed
in the walrus enclosure, near the Reptile House. Shortly after
their arrival several of the birds were attacked by fungus
growths on the head, but under treatment soon recovered, and
all now are in the best of health.
Previous to July, 1912, the Society never had exhibited a
blue goose (Chen caerulescens). Since then, by a series of gifts,
purchases and exchanges, a flock of eight of these rare birds has
been gathered, and now forms one of the most striking features
of the Wild Fowl! Pond.
Other rarities added during the year include a Cape gannet
(Sula capensis) ; ringed teal (Nettion torquatum), one of the
handsomest of the duck family; Australian stone plovers (Bur-
hinus magnirostris), and red spur-fowl (Galliperdix spadicea) .
The last-named are curious little bantam-like partridges, the
male of which is armed with two or three spurs on each leg.
A family new to the collection, the Meliphagidae, is repre-
sented by a yellow-tufted honey-eater (Lophoptilotis melanops) ,
82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
a handsome little bird, with a tuft of stiff, yellow feathers ex-
tending behind each ear.
Pheasant Monograph.—The work of the Curator in the
preparation of this monograph is completed, save for several
introductory chapters, part of the genus Phasianus and a gen-
eral revision. The conditions which at present exist in Europe |
are delaying the completion of the colored plates. The photo-
gravures are ready for binding. In spite, however, of the ad-
verse conditions, it is planned to issue the first volume in the
autumn of 1915, and the remainder as soon as possible.
Owing to the practical completion of his work on the mono-
graph, Curator Beebe has terminated his leave of absence, and
on January 1, 1915, returned to active duty in the Zoological
Park. The zoological results of the pheasant expedition, aside
from pheasants, are in course of preparation for a volume of
Zoologica. During the year the Curator published in Zoologica
five papers, two of which bear directly on.the pheasant work.
These contributions were as follows:
Notes on the Ontogeny of the White Ibis.
Specialization of Tail Down in Ducks (with L. S. Crandall).
Effect of Postponed Moult in Certain Passerine Birds.
Preliminary Pheasant Studies.
Review of the Genus Gennaeus.
As indirect results of the Pheasant Expedition the follow-
ing papers have appeared, and others are in course of publica-
tion:
A New Squirrel from Borneo—Sciurus beebei.
(Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. His. XXX. p. 338).
A New Slug from the Himalaya Mountains—Anademus
beebei.
(Cockerell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. His. XXXII. p. 617).
Catalogue of the Pheasants, Jungle Fowl and Spur Fowl in
the Indian Museum.
(Beebe, Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, V.
p. 263).
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
_ A New Lizard from India—Gehyra beebei.
(Annandale, Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta,
IX. p. 306).
Mallophaga from Birds (mostly Corvidz and Phasianide)
of India.
(Kellogg & Paine, Records of the Indian Museum, Cal-
cutta, X. p. 217).
CENSUS OF BIRDS LIVING IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
Orders.
Rheiformes,
Struthioniformes,
Casuariiformes,
Tinamiformes,
Galliformes,
Turniciformes, —
Pteroclidiformes,
Columbiformes,
Ralliformes,
Sphenisciformes,
Lariformes,
Charadriiformes,
Gruiformes,
Ardeiformes,
_ Palamediiformes,
Phoenicopteriformes,
Anseriformes,
Pelecaniformes,
Cathartidiformes,
Accipitriformes,
Strigiformes,
Psittaciformes,
Coraciiformes,
Cuculiformes,
Scansoriformes,
January 1, 1915.
83
Species. Specimens.
Rheas 2
RIRERIE HOR: 9.0 8 ct 2
Cassowaries = oo, ra
Se TMOUR pits 4
Quail and Pheasants ...... 61
Hemipodes 0... 1
mand Grouse (6 oss 2
Pigeons and Doves ........... 41
Coots and Gallinules 11
PT OUNGUIIN 8 oo er 1
Gulls and Terns .............. 16
Plovers and Sandpipers 16
Cranes, Seriemas, etc....... 16
Ibises, Storks and Herons 24
Screamers 2
Flamingoes 0.000000... hanes
Swans, Geese and Ducks 64
Cormorants and Pelicans 10
New World Vultures ..... 8
Hawks and Eagles; Old
World Vultures 28
on ele kd: re ead ee ae 15
Parrots, Macaws and
Coekatoog 65
Kingfishers, Hornbills,
ete. es {
Touracos and Cuckoos...... 5
Barbets and Toucans ..... 6
84 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Piciformes, Woodpeckers 2.0... 8 16
Passeriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows and
all other Perching
PATS oe ate ae 390 1320
811 2753
Summary: Orders, 27; Species, 811; Specimens, 2,753.
DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES.
Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator; Charles E. Snyder, Head Keeper.
With the widely extending influence of the war in Europe
the foreign animal market has been almost destroyed. Our
collection of reptiles has been greatly affected by these condi-
tions. Many reptiles must be rated as very transient exhibits,
particularly the extremely delicate poisonous snakes and the
tropical lizards. There is now no way of replacing gaps in the
collection caused by the deaths of Old World specimens. It
will be necessary in the months to come to draw upon South
America for reptiles, but the reptilian fauna of tropical Amer-
ica is not nearly so interesting as the Indian, Malayan, Aus-
tralian and African forms. For the immediate future we can
look only to England for our supplies.
Happily we have on exhibition in the Reptile House a good
series of hardy Old World species. Among these are cobras,
pythons, several species of turtles and tortoises, and a very fine
series of crocodilians. The Curator of Reptiles is already in
correspondence with collectors in Mexico, Central and South
America, and it is possible that the failure of the Old World
animal market may result in the exhibition at the Park of rep-
resentatives of many species that never before have been shown
alive.
Strange to say, no deaths of important reptiles occurred
during the past year. There were many valuable and interest-
ing accessions. The Curator of Reptiles made two collecting
trips to the mountains of northern New York during the past
year, and in the latter trip was accompanied by Keeper George
Palmer as assistant. During these trips a fine series of reptiles .
and amphibians was obtained, and the year closes with the col-
lection of local species very complete. As during the previous
year, an automobile was constantly used in the collecting work,
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 85
and over six hundred miles of road were covered, enabling the
collectors to quickly reach and investigate many ledges, swamps
and other types of collecting grounds.
Particularly noteworthy among the exhibits in the Reptile
_ House is the series of amphibians, which has steadily grown
in size and importance under the sympathetic care of Keeper
Deckert. All of the local amphibians were collected by members
of the Reptile House staff, Keepers Deckert and Toomey being
particularly diligent and successful. The amphibians now form
an.imposing series, and we herewith publish a full list of the
collection :
The following is a list of Amphibians living in the Reptile
House, New York Zoological Park, November 1, 1914*:
Crass AMPHIBIA
Order URODELA (Salamanders)
Family (1) Proremar.
1. Proteus anguinus, Blind Salamander. Caves of Austria
2. Necturus maculatus, Mudpuppy Eastern U. S.
Family (2) AMpHiuMIpAE.
3. Amphiuma means, Congo Snake... Southern U. S.
4. Cryptobranchus allegheniensis, Hellbendev......................... Central U. S.
5. Megalobatrachus maximus, Giant Salamander......Japan and China
Family (3) AmBLysToMIDAE.
6. Amblystoma tigrinum, Tiger Salamander (land form).Eastern U. S.
7. Amblystoma tigrinum, Axolotl (aquatic form) Mexico
8. Amblystoma punctatum, Spotted Salamander... Eastern U.S.
9. Amblystoma opacum, Marbled Salamander... Eastern U. S.
10. Amblystoma jeffersonianum, Jefferson Salamander...Eastern U. S.
Family (4) PLerHopontTiDae.
11. Spelerpes ruber, Red Salamander Eastern U.S.
12. Spelerpes bilineatus, Two-Lined Salamander... Eastern U.S.
18. Plethodon glutinosus, Slimy Salamander... Eastern U. S.
14. Plethodon cinereus, Gray Salamander... ........... Eastern U.S.
15. Plethodon c. erythronotus, Red-Backed Salamander..Easterr. U. S.
16. Hemidactylium scutatum, Four-Toed Salamander....Kastern U.S.
Family (5) DesMoGNaTHIDAE.
17. Desmognathus fusca, Dusky Salamander... Europe
*Prepared by Richard Deckert.
86 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Family (6) SALAMANDRIDAE.
18. Salamandra maculosa, Fire Salamander 0000000 ccc Europe
19. Triton austriaca, Austrian NeW :occ.ccccccccccccccicccmsssctcctesceseccctsssse-ece Austria
20. Triton vulgaris, European (common) Newt. Europe
21. Triton. waltli, Spanish (ribbed) Newt Spain
Family (7) Pievropeipar.
22. Diemyctylus viridescens, Common (American) Newt.Eastern U. S.
23. Diemyctylus v. miniatus, Red (mountain) Newt........... Eastern U. S.
24. Diemyctylus torosus, California Newt Pacific Coast
25. Diemyctylus pyrrhogaster, Fire-Bellied Newt 0000000000000. Japan
Order SALIENTIA (Frogs)
Sub-order Aglossa (Tongueless Frogs)
Family (1) DacryLeturipar.
1. Xenopus laevis, Cape Clawed Frog ic ATCA
2. Xenopus mulleri, Tentacled Clawed Frog a wAfrica
3. Xenopus calcaratus, Pigmy Clawed Fro ge.ccccccccccce eee Africa
Family (2) Discogiossmar.
4. Bombinator igneus, Fire-Bellied Toad Europe
Family (3) PreLospatipar.
5. Pelobates fuscus, European Spadefoot Toad Europe
6. Scaphiopus holbrookii, Hermit Spadefoot Toad................ Eastern U. S.
Family (4) Hyzmae.
7. Hyla septentrionalis, Giant Tree Toad................ Cuba and Bahamas
8. Hyla versicolor, Gray Tree Toad Eastern U.S.
9. Hyla pickeringii, Peeping Tree Toad Eastern U.S.
10. Hyla gratiosa, Florida Tree Toad... Florida and Georgia
11. Hyla cinerea, Southern Tree Toad Southern U. S.
12. Hyla aurea, Golden Tree Toad.................. : Australia
13. Hyla coerulea, White’s Tree Toad Australasia
14. Hyla arborea, European Tree Toad.............. Europe, Asia, No. Africa
15. Acris gryllus, Cricket Frog..................... Eastern U. S.
Family (5) Buronipar.
16. Pseudophryne australis, Australian Toad eS pte in Australia
17. Bufo molitor, Central American Toad Costa Rica
18. Bufo marinus, Giant Toad Tropical America
19. Bufo vulgaris, European (common) Toad.Europe, Asia, No. Africa
20. Bufo viridis, Green Toad........ Europe and Asia
21. Bufo calamita, Natterjack Toad............... Europe
22. Bufo halophilus, California Toad............ California
25. Bufo americanus, American 'T0ad...iccc..ccccccccssseesecssseseseeeee Eastern U. S.
24. Bufo fowleri, Fowler To0ad......cccccccccoon Eastern U. S.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 87
Family (6) CysTigNaTHIDAE.
25. Limnodynastes dorsalis, Burrowing Frog Australia
26. Heleioporus pictus, Silver Frog: 2) an Australia
Family (7) Ranipaer.
27. Dendrobates tinctorius, Harlequin Frog... Costa Rica
28. Rana catesbiana, Bull Frog Eastern U. S.
29. Rana clamitans, Pond Frog ; Eastern U.S.
30. Rana virescens, Leopard Frog... ae _Eastern U.S.
ST: Hana palustris; Pickerel Frogs 5 Eastern U.S.
32. Rana sylvatica, Wood Frog. cic. eee teeees se Eastern U.S.
33. Rana ridibunda, Giant Edible Frog... eles Europe
34. Rana chrysoprasina, Costa Rican Frog. Costa Rica
35. Rana ygodmani, Godman Frog... ...Central America
Following is a list of the more important purchases during
the year:
Three rough-eyed caimans, 2 Australian monitors, 2 Gila
monsters, 1 royal python, 2 spectacled cobras, 1 South American
rattlesnake, 2 South American boas, 1 anaconda, 2 West Indian
tree boas, 6 long-nosed vipers, 6 African giant toads.
Among the most important gifts were the following:
South American gopher tortoise from the Roosevelt Expedi-
tion to South America; 2 Central American boas, 2 ground boas,
3 Russian green snakes, 1 South American bush snake, 1 South
American giant toad, 1 blind salamander from the Adelsberg
Cave of Austria.
Mr. Lee S. Crandall, Assistant Curator of Birds, returned
in August from.a collecting trip in Central America. Besides
birds and mammals, Mr. Crandall brought with him a very im-
portant series of amphibians. Most of the species were new to
our collections and in fact had never previously been exhibited
alive in this country or Europe. The following is a list of Mr.
Crandall’s specimens:
One fer-de-lance, 1 tree snake, 31 marine toads, 8 tadpoles
(unidentified—now developing), 9 red harlequin toads (Dendro-
bates), 1 green harlequin toad (Dendrobates), 4 brown frogs,
1 brown tree frog, 3 red millipedes, 1 white millipede, 1 Anolis.
A census of the collection follows:
88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
CENSUS OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
January 1, 1915.
Species. Specimens.
Chelonia: 4 602 ies oo eae 36 233
GEOCOGUIA 3 a 3 ee 7 45
DALETTINR 3 sxe ie a 22 201
Opie 5 soc ee gl een 40 210
AYODNIDIA hos ee eS 59 325
ORR 5 ee i pn ee 164 1,014
SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS.
A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Janu-
ary 1, 1915, is as follows:
Species. Specimens.
Memmale <6 1 Pit eee 204 586
Pers oe a ee le A 811 2,753
Reptiles ..... 105 689
PO DAT DAT cs eo Sa ae 59 325
Ober eo a ue oe 1,179 4,353
DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS.
Raymond L. Ditmars. Curator.
We were particularly fortunate to have started breeding
experiments among the foreign insects during the past year, as
the European war has quite eliminated any possibility of ob-
taining Old World specimens the coming spring. We have bred
the curious walking-leaf and walking-stick insects, and carefully
preserved their eggs for hatching in the spring and early sum-
mer. Our stock of foreign cocoons is in good shape, and the
insect collection is gradually becoming a self-supporting exhibit.
The sale of mounted butterflies and moths in glass-sealed tablets
has fully covered the cost of our collecting trips for local speci-
mens.
Among the curious insects and their allies exhibited the
past year—some of the material lasting through the winter
months—has been a very remarkable series of the leaf and stick
insects from Europe and the Indo-Malayan regions, the rhinoc-
eros beetle of Africa, the Egyptian scarab, the luminous beetle
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 89
of tropical America and the lesser hercules beetle, the last named
represented in various stages of its life history. The life history
of the silk-worm was fully displayed, as well as the larve of
other of the large silk-spinning moths. The collection of singing
insects, always of much popular interest, was very adequate
during the summer.
Several rare tropical spiders were received and are now
thriving. In fact, we have exhibited some specimens of these
larger arachnids over a period of four years. They spin huge
tubes of iridescent silk, and their cages are of particular inter-
est. Among the more recent arrivals is a huge example of the
South American bird-killing spider (Mygale avicularia), that
has a spread of limbs of about five inches. Another is the
horned-back spider of tropical Africa. It is a large and savage
creature, with a curved protuberance upon the back. It fiercely
leaps at an intruding object, uttering a distinct sound, which is
quite unique among the silent legions of its allies.
GROUND IMPROVEMENT AND MAINTENANCE WORK OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND CONSTRUCTION.
Hermann W. Merkel, Forester and Chief Constructor; E. H. Costain, Assistant
Forester and Captain of the Watch.
In new ground improvement work, comparatively little was
done during the year, on account of lack of funds for this pur-
pose.
During the winter months of 1914, forty-eight of our new
benches with concrete standards were manufactured, giving a
seating capacity of two hundred and forty people, at an approxi-
mate cost. of $300. These benches have been very successful,
and requests for blue-prints and details have been received from
a number of park departments. Their absolute permanency
and indestructibility by park vandals strongly commends their
use.
The paving around the new Yak Shelter, the setting of —
water troughs, and other finishing touches in connection with
this installation, were carried out, at a cost of $400.
At the Concourse, 3,000 square feet of concrete sidewalk
were relaid, at an expense of $150.
In connection with the work in the Service Yard, $350 were
expended in new paving, and the building of a new foundation
for the wagon-scale.
90 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The grading around the new Pavilion, on the east side of
Bronx Lake, and the connecting of the water supply and sewer
systems, cost $100.
Along the east front of the new Public Service Building, the
excavating of tree-holes and planting of large evergreen trees
and shrubs cost $350.
REPAIRS TO BUILDINGS AND WALKS.
The amount of work of this character accomplished during
this year has been far greater than in any other year since the
establishment of the Zoological Park. Special efforts were
made in several directions, and as’ a consequence a number of
our installations are now in better condition than they have
been for a long time.
Repairs of Walks.—On repairs of walks, $900 was ex-
pended. For this amount 78,000 square feet of tar-macadam
were re-surfaced, including the north half of Baird Court, the
north end of Bird Valley, and eastern portion of Grant Walk,
and the Buffalo Walk. In addition to this the flight of steps
leading east from the Antelope House, which was in a danger-
ous condition, was completely rebuilt.
Buffalo Barn.—The roof of this building which had been
leaking since the fourth year after its construction, had been
patched and repaired a number of times. It was found neces-
sary to remove the entire roof covering, and rebuild it.
Reptile House.—At the Reptile House the entire south roof
was removed. The roof boarding and purlins were repaired or
replaced as necessary, a layer of two-ply tar paper placed over
this, and new slats were then put in place with heavy copper
nails, instead of iron nails, as previously used. All poor or broken
slates, of which there were many, were removed and discarded,
and new slate substituted, and the copper flashing at gutters,
valleys and sky-lights, which was everywhere poor and scant,
was replaced with new 16 oz. copper, running for a sufficient
distance under the slate to make a tight job. For next year
only the short east and west slopes remain to be replaced.
Several water pipes that were corroded were replaced, and in
the large python cage, a rolling steel curtain was installed. A
number of cage interiors were decorated by Mr. E. A. Costain
of this department.
WILD PARSNIP IN BLOOM
Many of the common wild species of plants have been used with great decorative
effect around the Marsh Garden.
92 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Primate House.—This building came in for the most ex-
tensive repairs of any. All of the cages with the exception of
that of the lemurs, were very throughly overhauled and painted,
and between the large cages new partitions of brick were built.
The twenty-four small wall cages were removed from their
positions, the wooden backs were taken out, new floors put in,
the cages replaced on concrete blocks, and fastened against
the walls.
In all except two instances the heating pipes which ran
in a recess back of the cages were taken out, and replaced at
the sides.
Of the large cages along the east side of this building all
have been given a very thorough overhauling. The ventilat-
ing ducts which were sheathed in wood, and were good harbor-
ing places for vermin, were ripped out, and new openings for
ventilation were made in the ceilings. The entire wooden
sheathing of the cages was removed, the partitions filled in
with brick, and covered with a lining of vulcanized fibre in large
sheets, all of the joints being covered with strap iron. The
marble base along the entire front was removed, and the wooden
supports which had been badly decayed at the bottom, were
sawed off and placed on sanitary concrete blocks. New iron
work was supplied as needed, and the floors repaired. The
cages then received three coats of paint.
The guard rails and nettings in front of the east cages, both
inside and out, were removed and replaced by much higher
netting of a better design, and covered with sheet metal from
the rail down to the floor. This absolutely prevents visitors
from feeding any of the apes or monkeys and from throwing
matches into their cages.
The flooring in the entire attic of the building was torn
out. Two openings for fresh air ducts were cut through the
east foundation walls, and new ducts made and installed. An
enclosure of wood and glass was built in the large outside ape
cage for the use of the gorilla.
Lion House.—Here almost the entire water supply system
had to be replaced with galvanized iron pipes, as the old pipes
had corroded very badly. The old flooring was taken out of
nine cages, and replaced with floors of two-inch oak, laid on
a concrete foundation; all joints in the oak flooring being care-
fully filled with white lead, after which the completed floor was
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 93
treated with paraffin. Lead lined sheet iron gutters were put in
front of all the cages. All the iron work, including that in con-
nection with the sliding doors of the sleeping dens, was given
a through overhauling and replaced where necessary, and a
great deal of tiling was repaired or replaced.
The upper portion of the eastern outside wall of this build-
ing, which had been disintegrating very badly for a number
of years, was relaid or replaced as was found necessary. Many
of the terra-cotta blocks were entirely removed, and replaced
in beds of mortar. This work was done by our own force, at
about one-quarter the cost of the lowest estimates received from
contractors.
In the heating system of this building, some changes were
made, and new coils were installed under the floors of two of
the large cages.
Bear Dens.—The concrete floors and the tanks of the old
series of Bear Dens were badly cracked and in a leaky condition.
In the most northerly den, the entire floor was torn out, and a
new one, provided with expansion joints, was put down. The
tanks in three of the dens were partly torn out, supplied with
new water-proofing where needed, and relined with a five-inch
layer of reinforced concrete, and a heavy rim was so constucted
that the overflow water will go directly into the sewer.
Heating Repairs.—In the Antelope House, the wall coils in
the four northeast stalls were put out of commission last winter
by a break of the flow and return pipes to these coils. Owing
to the fact that these pipes were imbedded under the concrete
floors of one of the stalls, it was necessary to remove the con-
crete flooring before repairs could be made. The new pipes were
placed on the partition walls, so that in the future they will be
more accessible.
Breaks of this nature must be expected during the next few
years in several of the older buildings, as in many cases, cheap
steel pipe was used. Unfortunately it is impossible to tell where
these breaks will occur.
Flying Cage.—Owing to the presence of the birds in this
eage until late this fall, it was not possible to do much work
toward the repairing and recovering of this structure except the
manufacturing of the new netting, which was done in our own
shop. As soon as the cage became available, a scaffolding was
erected in such a manner that any section thereof can be taken
94 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
down and removed to another portion of the cage. Repairs are
now under way, and with good weather during the winter and
spring months, the re-occupation of the cage in the spring
should be only slightly delayed.
Service Building.—In the Service Building a number of
changes were made. The old ice-house was converted into a
store-room for guide books and other Privilege Department pub-
lications. The cook-room was changed into an office and store-
room, and the former store-room was made ready for use as an
office for the Chief Clerk’s Department. A former store-room
in the southwest corner of this building was converted into
a room for the Chief Forester’s Office. The electric lighting
system of this building was thoroughly overhauled and ex-
tended.
Aquatic Bird House.—The cage work in this building was
overhauled, repairs made to the roof, and the entire interior
was cleaned and painted.
Elephant House.—Under the supervision of the Architects
and Consulting Engineer of the Society, the tile and gravel roofs
of the Elephant House were overhauled, and rebuilt in part, by
contract; but a great number of minor repairs inside of the
building were made by our force. Portions of the upper walls
of the cage of the male African elephant were lined with one-
quarter inch sheet steel to prevent further damage to the walls.
Eagles’ and Vultures’ Winter House.—An extension was
added to the winter house for eagles and vultures, to supply a
laboratory for the Curator of Birds.
GENERAL MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS.
The usual amount of general maintenance work, such as
the cleaning of walks and lawns, the collection and disposal of
garbage and refuse, was carried on the same as in previous
years. During the winter months, hundreds of loads of fertil-
izers were deposited at a central point, and removed by the New
York Botanical Garden and the Park Department, and one car-
load was shipped to the Bronx Parkway Commission for use in
their nursery at Crestwood. The ever increasing amount of
ashes, which had become a serious burden, was this year (for
the first time) removed by the Street Cleaning Department,
through the courtesy of the Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Carroll
H. Dunphy.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 95
The painters’ force has been kept especially busy. I am
very glad to report that more painting was done during the last
twelve months than ever before, and this was accomplished
without an increase in the force. Outside of the buildings al-
ready mentioned, the following instailations were given a
thorough painting and overhauling: Antelope House and yard
fences, Small Deer House and yard fences, Zebra House fences,
Elephant House fences, Ostrich House fences, Eagle and Vul- ©
ture Aviary, entire Buffalo Range, all boundary fences, Beaver
fence, and all of the Bear Dens, all of the guard wires, all of the
gate houses, Service Building, Wolf and Fox Dens, Boat House,
and many others of minor importance.
CARE OF FORESTS, AND PLANTING.
This work was carried on as in previous years, except that
we were not able to do as much work in the pruning of forest
trees as should have been done, on account of the many days of
last winter when it was impossible to work on the trees. With
this exception the forest continues in good condition, and the
number of insect pests has been very small.
In policing the grounds on Sundays and holidays during
the crowded season, we again had the help of three outside men,
and with these, and all our own men that could be made avail-
able for Sunday and holiday work, it was possible to maintain
reasonably good order. The number of pickpockets operating
in the Park on crowded days is still great, and presents a serious
problem.
Our Special Patrolman Van Benschoten took care of the
east side, as usual. During the year he made forty-one arrests,
obtaining a conviction in each case. The number of picnics in
these woods is as great as ever; fifty-four permits for 6,500
people have been issued. Approximately 275,000 people visited
that section of the Park during the year.
Fires continue to be a serious menace to all the wooded
portion of the Park. There is no question but that a great many
of them are deliberately set by hoodlums, who, in spite of all we
can do, infest the Park east of the Boston Road. It is extremely
difficult to detect anyone at this work, and it is probably need-
less to say that a warm reception awaits anyone who is dis-
covered setting such fires.
96 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
At the Nursery we raised the usual amount of vegetables
and live stock, though still badly handicapped by the absence of
proper breeding houses for poultry.
An event during the year was a visit to the Park of the
American Association of Park Superintendents during their
Convention, on August 27, 1914. The members were enter-
tained by the New York Zoological Society at Luncheon. The
visitors, who came from all over the United States and Canada,
expressed unbounded admiration for the Park and its installa-
tions, and tendered a vote of thanks to the New York Zoological
Society, for its courtesy.
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION.
H. R. Mitchell, Chief Clerk and Manager of Privileges; Wm. Mitchell. Cashier.
The year 1914 has been one of important changes and im-
provements in the Chief Clerk’s office force and office accom-
modations. The erection of the new Privilege Building provided
for the removal of the cook’s store-rooms and kitchen, thereby
releasing several valuable rooms. This led to many important
changes that benefited nearly all of the officers in the Service
Building. It also provided additional storage space for publi-
cations and stock.
For the first time in a number of years, the Budget allow-
ance for the year was granted in a lump sum “For the Mainte-
nance of the Zoological Park,” thus permitting its expenditure
under the various classifications as necessary without the for-
mality and delay incident to transfers by the Board of Estimate,
if granted at all. This plan has done much toward enabling us
to get through the year on the allowance made us by the City
without the necessity of calling on the Society to contribute to-
ward the Maintenance of the Park. A portion of the addition
of a little more than $8,000 made in our appropriation over
last year, was used in making increases of $5 per month (from
$55 to $60) in the pay of a number of laborers.
Much work was done in the Chief Clerk’s office during the
early months of the year in collecting data regarding the per-
sonnel of the force and other information concerning the appli-
cation of the pension plans of other institutions to our organiza-
tion. The Chief Clerk served on the Committee of three em-
ployees, with Mr. Ditmars and Mr. Merkel, which drafted the
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 97
pension plan, and the data gathered was utilized by the Execu-
tive Committee and the Actuary employed by the Society.
The new position of Stock Accountant, which was first pro-
vided for in the maintenance appropriation for 1914, was filled
on the first of January by Mr. William Mitchell. Mr. Mitchell’s
acquaintance with the park organization and its methods was
of great assistance in getting the system of Stock Accounting
under way without great difficulty or delay.
Accounts and Audit.—The financial transactions with the
various funds of the Society for the year 1914 as set forth by
the books and vouchers kept in the Chief Clerk’s office under-
went the usual examination and audit by the Society’s certified
accountants. The Treasurer’s statements prepared therefrom
and the Auditor’s certification covering same, appear elsewhere
in full. In order to prevent any delay in the preparation and
printing of the Annual Report through the time required for the
audit of accounts, arrangements were made to have the books
examined and checked quarterly. In this way it will be possible
to have the various annual statements and a certificate ready
for printing by the third week in January. The Privilege Ac-
counts were checked at the same time, and in the same man-
ner, and a balance sheet covering them was submitted to the
Society’s Audit Committee at the close of the year.
Several new accounts were opened during the year, among
them the Carnegie Pension Fund, covering Mr. Carnegie’s en-
dowment for pension purposes; the Pension Fund Income Ac-
count, for handling of contributions of the Society and its em-
ployees, for pensions; and the Improvement and Repair Account,
to which Park Gate Receipts are transferred and disbursed in
Improvement and Repair work at the Park as authorized by the
Executive Committee.
Privileges.—While the business of the Privilege Depart-
ment has shown some falling off in volume during the last half
of the past year, and there has been a shrinkage in net profits,
the reduction is due to the unusual conditions that have affected
all lines of business during that period.
Under ordinary conditions, a normal increase would have
been made corresponding with the increase in attendance.
Privilege Building—tThe difficulties in connection with the
execution. of the contract for the construction of this building
have been referred to in previous reports. This case has fur-
98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
nished one of the most exasperating examples of construction
work under the “lowest-bid” city contract system that ever
has been experienced in the development of the Zoological Park.
After all efforts to have the work completed by the contractor
had failed, the Commissioner of Parks was compelled to declare
the contract cancelled for non-fulfillment, and estimates were
obtained from several bidders for “completing and perfecting in-
terior work, in accordance with specifications.” An order has
been placed accordingly, and the bills therefor are to be paid
from balance due the contractor.
Rocking Stone Restaurant.—The improvements made in
this establishment during the last year have been of benefit both
in improving the service and increasing profits. While the vol-
ume of business fell considerably below that of last year, espe-
cially during the latter part of the season, the net profits were
actually in excess of those of the previous season.
Soda Water.—There was a decrease of practically ten per
cent in the receipts for 1914, from this source, and a similar
reduction in the profits. As there seems to have been no de-
crease in the desire for soda water as a beverage, the reduction
in the figures can only be charged to general economies on the
part of the public.
New Soda Pavilion.—It is now about fourteen years since
the erection of the temporary open pavilion in front of the Rep-
tile House. This old fountain is no longer adequate to properly
take care of the business that comes to it. A new structure,
with new equipment, is imperatively demanded. The new build-
ing need occupy no more space than is utilized by the present
structure, and it need be no more conspicuous; but it should
correspond in permanency to other Park structures, and afford
adequate room for taking proper care of the business resulting
from an annual attendance of between two and three million
visitors.
Souvenir Books, Cards and Pictwres.—While the sales of
souvenir books for 1914 were very well up to our expectations,
based on other items, it is perfectly evident that new ideas and
new pictures are needed in order to keep up the interest both of
our employees and the public. While there is a good stock of the
50-cent series on hand, the 25-cent edition is practically exhaust-
ed. The latter, being the more popular book, must be.renewed;
and the new books must be placed on sale early next season.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 99
The sale of souvenir postal cards showed a proportionately
greater falling off during the last season than any other publi-
cation, which leads us to believe that they may be becoming
less popular with the public as souvenirs. When the present
supply is exhausted, new pictures and new and interesting sub-
jects will be introduced into the series.
Our sales of photogravures have continued at a fairly satis-
factory rate. These pictures handsomely represent our finest’
animals, and are appreciated by the public.
Guide Book and Map.—The Mountain Sheep edition of the
guide book is, in many respects, superior to previous editions.
Frequent comments made by visitors, and unsolicited expres-
sions from purchasers, bear out the assertion. Sales continue to
be large, although many visitors are seen entering the park car-
rying old issues.
In addition to the map-fan which has been sold during the
summer months for several seasons, a guide map of the Park
in folder form that can readily be carried in the pocket was
placed on sale this season, at five cents. It simply serves as a
quick and ready guide for visitors who do not care to bother
with a guide book.
Boat House Restaurant—The change in the organization
at the Boat House Restaurant, made necessary by the transfer
of the cook, to fill a vacancy created at the Rocking Stone Res-
taurant, was a serious handicap throughout the season. The
result was that the kitchen force there was disorganized to some
extent throughout much of the season, and it was impossible to
make a satisfactory showing. The gross receipts fell behind
those of 1913, and were not greatly in excess of those of 1912.
The difficulty now seems to have been overcome, and it is confi-
dently expected that hereafter the business will show a steady
gain.
Boating.—It was found necessary to either make extensive
repairs on some of our wooden boats, or dispose of them and
replace them with steel boats. Because of the better service
given by the latter, about twenty-five of the older wood boats
were discarded and a car of Mullin steel boats ordered. On ac-
count of the trouble and expense of constant repairs to wooden
boats, this method of gradually improving the equipment will
be continued until the remaining wooden boats are entirely
eliminated.
1U0 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
On the whole, the boating season was very satisfactory, and
closed without an accident of any consequence. As considerable
work is required on the electric launches and their batteries
before next season, it was thought best to carry our boat fore-
man through the winter, and have him continue this work. The
boating equipment should therefore be in very good condition
before the spring of another season.
Attention is again called to the urgent necessity of a new
concrete dock at the boat landing. The old wooden structure
which has now served for a number of years is rapidly giving
way and requires constant repairs. The stairs leading from the
dock to the Boat House are in bad shape, and must be carefully
gone over and strengthened before another season, to insure
their not giving way when crowded. As the prospect of securing
an appropriation from the City for constructing a new dock in
the near future seems very gloomy, we urge that this improve-
ment be made from the Boat Receipts in 1915, and that the work
begin as soon as the season closes to permit of its being carried
on without interfering with the boating business.
Gate Receipts.—For the first time in a number of years
there was a considerably reduced income from admissions at
the gates on pay days. As referred to elsewhere in this report,
the gate receipts for 1914 were, by action of the Executive Com-
mittee, placed in a new fund to be utilized in making a number
of imperative repairs to buildings that could not be taken care
of from Maintenance funds.
Riding Animals.—The Riding Animal Privilege made an
excellent showing for the year. While the gross receipts were
not quite equal to those of last season, operating expenses were
lower, resulting in an increase in the net profits.
Pavilion East of Bronz River.—Construction work on the
new pavilion East of Bronx River was not completed until late
in the season, too late to inaugurate any refreshment service,
or install equipment for use in 1914. The opening of this pa-
vilion, situated as it is on the crest of the knoll north of the open
glade east of the Bronx River (opposite the Boat House) sug-
gests the desirability of making some provision at this point for
a small public playground for children.
During recent years the City has been doing much along
this line in its various public parks, with beneficial results. The
open space south of this pavilion is a natural playground, and
at present there is no other part of the Zoological Park where
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 101
visitors are allowed on the grass. The maintenance of a play-
ground here would involve only a moderate outlay for the equip-
ment, and perhaps that could be supplied from the City’s funds
for parks and playgrounds. No additional expense need be in-
curred for maintenance, as the equipment and grounds could
be looked after, and order preserved, by the employees in charge
of the Pavilion.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING.
George M. Beerbower, Civil Engineer.
During the first half of the year our engineer was hindered
from the performance of other duties by the necessity of con-
stant, skilled and dependable supervision over the construction
of the Shelter Pavilion, which is only just now completed, on
the east side of Bronx River. He designed and supervised the
folding steel shutters for the protection against vandals of the
workspace or refreshment-serving space in this building, where-
in existing conditions required them to be of new and special
design.
The greater part of the engineer’s duties is made up of
_small matters in such great variety that a detailed list would
not be suitable for this report. Much of the work under ground
and under floors, such as water supply and drainage, which has
been in use for many years, is beginning to require repairs
and alterations, and much of the time of the engineer is taken
in locating the pipes and fittings of which he has kept a record.
Among the more important new works are, the prelimi-
nary drawings for the Animal Hospital which were developed
from sketches and data furnished by the Veterinarian and the
Director and Pathologist. Owing to the great variety of wild
animal patients for which this building is required to provide,
it is necessarily quite a complicated institution, and calls for
skill and experience of several kinds, engineering as well as
medical.
In the floor plan of this building, the available space had to
be considered, and its site was repeatedly shifted on the ground
to secure the necessary access to all sides and to avoid en-
dangering the lives of valuable trees in the vicinity. The floor
levels were adjusted to reconcile the various conditions found
in the undulations about the site, and the existing buildings in
the vicinity.
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NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 103
A complete grading plan of the surrounding grounds was
staked out on the ground, with final grades indicated, and this
grading is now being done by our own force of men.
The great variety of carting of animals in cages, and the
variety of supplies and waste materials to be handled called for
a cart of special design. This was designed by our engineer,
and his plans executed in our own shops.
Soundings were made and drawings and estimates were
prepared for a new concrete boat landing at the Boat House.
A massive door, to be operated from outside the building, was
designed for the handling of a dangerous elephant. A wire
screen was designed to separate the visitors from parrots on
perches, and many other smaller improvements, alterations and
repairs were planned.
The Laboratory for the Curator of Birds was designed by
our engineer, and the drawings, specifications and contract were
prepared in his office, bids received, a contract was let, and per-
sonal supervision of the work was given by our engineer. Special
designs were prepared for the book cases and other cabinet
work, and these designs have been executed in our own shops,
in a very skillful and creditable manner.
The large colored map of the westerly portion of the park,
made for exhibition purposes, has been gone over and brought
up to date, ready for any occasion which may cali for it.
A topographical survey of the easterly portion of the park,
embodying the newly added areas, showing the wooded portions,
the principal individual trees, exposed rock ledges, open glades
and abutting streets and properties, has been made and plotted
on the same large scale, (50 feet to an inch), as the map of the
westerly portion, which makes a map 54 inches by 1014 feet.
The whole will be colored so as to make the details conspicuous
from a considerable distance, and, in combination with the fin-
ished map of the westerly portion, will make a striking exhibit
of the natural beauties as well as the extensive improvements
which have been made during the years which the Zoological
Society has had these grounds in its charge.
DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PUBLICATIONS.
Elwin R. Sanborn, Photographer.
Photography.—The most important subjects photographed
during 1914 were the following: Orang-utan, great-billed rhea,
104 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
binturong, wombat, hunting dog, blotched giraffe, African os-
trich, tahr, hartebeest, bush pig, Prjevalsky horses, Grant zebra,
Abyssinian lion, black-footed penguin, vultures, emus, kanga-
roos, plantings around the Marsh Gardens and various other
places. An excellent series of negatives was made of the gorilla
including a valuable record of this very interesting animal in
motion pictures. The new gallery in the south end of the winter
house for pelicans made this possible. The great volume of light
diffused through the fine ribbed glass permits rapid exposures;
a valuable aid in working with an active animal. It was possible
to allow the gorilla to move about and as she assumed a pose
that was of interest, an instantaneous exposure was made. To
correct movement with the motion picture camera, the taking
speed, in light value, is 1/35 of a second. This time value was
exceeded; an achievement, when it is considered that no arti-
ficial light was employed as a contributary aid in making a
negative.
Bulletin.—Six numbers of the Zoological Society Bulletin
were issued in 1914. The fact that we have only the Park and
Aquarium to draw upon for material for this publication, consti-
tutes a handicap upon it, but it never was designed to occupy
a place as a wide-world magazine.
Annual Report.—The Annual Report was issued in its reg-
ular form.
Zoologica.—Seven numbers of Zoologica were issued and
the eighth number is now in hand and will be published shortly.
Two of these numbers were prepared for the Aquarium.
Under the direction of Dr. Townsend, a series of motion
pictures illustrating the methods of deep sea dredging, were ob-
tained on board the U. S. S. Fish Hawk while the vessel was
stationed on Long Island Sound.
Appended is a statement of photographic work accomplished
in 1914:
Lantern slides and transparencies 200000000 Boe 193
Enlargements. 3.05 oe oe a, es re eee 60
Printa’ for: Rapist ee een eee 850
“3 Ro gts: 17) IA en Mee Sie RRS oem 112
a * “Miscellaneous publications nn eccccccccccsssceeesseseee 475
“sold, and used for special purpOSes 0... cee 1,080
Total ss. cs eee keen) te 2,770
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 105
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS.
East of the Bronx River and Lake there now lies an area
of more than 100 acres of valuable park lands, covered with vir-
gin forest, and save for one small area near the river, quite
untouched by improvements. The 66 acres of forest recently
acquired are suffering for intelligent and skilful attention. Re-
gardless of prospective road-building that immensely valuable
forest must be taken care of. The 66 acres referred to lie out-
side the Zoological Park. The city must provide an improvement
fund of at least $25,000 for east side work that is urgent. The
construction of the elevated subway along the eastern boundary
of the park lands leaves no option in this matter. Something
must be done; and work should begin very soon.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM T. HORNADAY,
Director.
REPORT OF THE
PENSION BOARD
OF THE
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
HIS Board, consisting of nine members, is appointed by the
New York Zoological Society through its Executive Com-
mittee for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the
Carnegie Pension Fund, and the regulations governing the ad-
ministraticn and disbursements of the Pension Fund Income
Account. Five of the members of the Board represent the Board
of Managers, three the employees of the Zoological Park and
one the employees of the Aquarium.
The Carnegie Pension Fund, the gift of Mr. Andrew Car-
negie, consisting of $100,000, is invested by the Zoological So-
ciety, and the income, as well as contributions by the Zoological
Society, and contributions from the employees, is used for the
payment of pensions to such employees as are entitled thereto
under the provisions of the regulations agreed upon between
the Society and the employees.
The income from the Carnegie Fund, amounting to $4,360
annually, is supplemented by contributions from the Zoological
Society to reach the sum of $8,000 per year. This is further
increased by monthly subscriptions from the employees, the
same being 2% of the salaries earned by such employees, and
amounting to about $3,200 per annum at the present time.
A contributing employee becomes privileged to receive a
pension after 15 years of continuous service if he has reached
the age of 70, in which case the pension amounts to 30% of his
salary, with an increase of 2% for each additional year of serv-
ice up to the 20th year, with a minimum pension of $20 per
month. After 20 years of continuous service at the age of 65,
a 30% pension with a minimum of $25 per month is paid. After
25 years’ service at the age of 65, 40% with a minimum of $30
is paid. After 30 years’ service, 50% pension with a minimum
of $35 per month may be paid.
Periods of service are counted only from the time an em-
ployee reaches the age of 21, except in the case of female em-
ployees, who are eligible for membership at 18 years of age,
and entitled to pensions in every instance, five years younger
than male employees.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 107
An employee who is dismissed or resigns before becoming
pensionable, has returned to him the total amount of his con-
tributions with compound interest at the rate of 314 per
cent per annum.
There are further provisions for repayment of contribu-
tions in case of the death of an employee before reaching pen-
sionable age. Also for pensioned employees’ widows’ pensions,
and for a small declining insurance.
These provisions are as liberal as they can be made, espe-
cially because the years of service rendered to the Society before
the establishment of the fund must be counted, though of course
no contributions had been made by the employees. Considering
the contributions from employees, and the amount of the income
from the Carnegie Fund, and from the Zoological Society, the
Fund is not yet on an entirely safe basis. Two sections of the
original regulations, that regarding the “subscribing employee’s
widow’s pension,” and the ‘“‘pension on account of death result-
ing from injury received in the line of duty,” are for the present
suspended through the lack of funds.
This of course is only a brief resumé of the Pension Plan,
copies of which may be obtained by any member interested.
It is hoped that further bequests and contributions may be
received from time to time, because it is not desirable that the
present restrictions to the pension provisions should continue.
Pending the receipt of further funds, the plan was put in effect
on August 1, 1914.
The Board organized on May 14, 1914, with Mr. George
Crawford Clark as Chairman, Mr. Percy R. Pyne as Treasurer,
and Mr. Hermann W. Merkel as Secretary. The members rep-
resenting the Board of Managers are Messrs. George Crawford
Clark, H. Casimir deRham, Lewis Rutherfurd Morris, William
B. Osgood Field and Percy R. Pyne. The members representing
the employees of the Zoological Park: H. R. Mitchell, Assistant
to Treasurer in Charge of Pensions, Hermann W. Merkel, Ray-
mond L. Ditmars; and representing the employees of the Aqua-
rium: Raymond C. Osburn.
It was decided to hold a meeting every month, and special
meetings when necessary.
As soon as the Board was ready to receive applications, and
posted notices to that effect at the Zoological Park and the Aqua-
rium, furnishing at the same time each employee with copies of
108 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
the Plan, great enthusiasm prevailed in favor of joining the
Pension Fund, and so many applications were received that at
the meeting of September 16, 1914, the first one in which appli-
cations could be considered, 133 employees of the Zoological
Park, 29 employees of the N. Y. Aquarium, and two employees
of the Zoological Society were admitted, after their applications
had been certified by the Directors of the Zoological Park and
the Aquarium as permanent employees, and after the applica-
tions had been passed upon by the Membership Committee. At
following meetings, 5 more employees of the Zoological Park
were admitted, bringing the total number of contributing mem-
bers to 169. This represents for the Zoological Park 97-4/5%,
and for the Aquarium 100%, of those eligible for admission to
the Fund, and this alone is a clear indication that the employees
of the Society fully appreciate the liberality of Mr. Andrew Car-
negie and of the Society, in providing the Fund and establishing
the Plan, and there can be no question that the Pension system
does now, and will in the future, react favorably upon the serv-
ice, tending as it does towards a feeling of greater permanence
and security, and creating a spirit of loyalty.
There has been contributed to the Pension Fund Income.
Account since the establishment of the Fund, by the Zoological
Society, $3,333.33; by the employees, $1,044.54, amounting to,
with interest on the bank deposit, $4,392.12. This is available
for the payment of pensions, and has been invested until such
time as needed. The expenditures to December 31, 1914, are
$211.85, leaving a balance of $4,180.27.
Respectfully submitted,
HERMANN W. MERKEL,
Secretary, Pension Board.
Approved:
GEORGE C. CLARK, Chairman.
THE INTERNATIONAL VETERINARY MEDICAL
CONGRESS
HE International Veterinary Medical Congress held at Lon-
don beginning August 3, to which I was designated an
official delegate by the Executive Committee of the New
York Zoological Society, was a great disappointment inasmuch
as a sine die adjournment was taken after the first day’s pro-
ceedings. The European war prevented representatives of
practically all the Continental Governments from attending.
Those delegates who reached London found telegrams awaiting
them, ordering their immediate return to their own countries.
Of the 1,450 official delegates to the Congress, only 300 appeared
at the opening session, and these were principally representa-
tives from North and South America. This failure of the Con-
gress was a great disappointment, and a real loss to science,
since many important contributions were to be presented by
professional men of international reputation upon the subject
of communicable diseases from animals to man.
However, it was my great privilege during June, July and
August to visit many of the best laboratories, hospitals and
clinics on the Continent, and to note the work on contagious and
infectious diseases in animals being done by some of the great
European investigators. My itinerary included the following:
Brussels —The Experimental Station and laboratories of the
Veterinary College.
Paris.—The famous Veterinary School at Alfort, with its
pathological museum. The Pasteur Institute and laboratories.
Bern.—The Serum Institute, under the direction of Professor
Kolle.
Milan.—The animal clinics and pathological research labora-
tories in connection with the Veterinary College.
Budapest.—The new pathological and bacteriological research
laboratories of the Veterinary College, and the Serum Institute.
Vienna.—The Veterinary College and Hygienic Institute; ani-
~ mal clinics.
SOUMDONIHY NVICNI
oe
i a
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 111
Dresden.—The Veterinary College laboratories and clinics.
The finest municipal abattoirs and stock yards in the world are
here.
Leipsic.—The tuberculosis research laboratories of the Vet-
erinary Institute under the direction of Professor Eber, who is
doubtless the greatest authority on tuberculosis on the Continent.
Berlin.—The famous Veterinary College laboratories. Here
is the largest animal clinic in the world, where over 15,000 ani-
mals are treated annually. The German Serum Society. The
Imperial Board of Health research laboratories, at Gross Lich-
terfelde.
Hanover.—The Anatomical Museum. The pathological and
bacteriological laboratories in connection with the Veterinary
College.
Utrecht.—The animal hospital, clinics, quarantine station,
pathological and bacteriological museums in connection with the
Veterinary College and University.
Rotterdam.—Government Serum Institute.
Some most valuable information gained was through the dem-
onstrations by Professor Levadatti, of the Pasteur Institute, by
means of motion pictures, of the diseases of the blood. Of par-
ticular interest to me were his studies and demonstrations of
the life cycle of the blood parasite, Filaria immitis, a worm
which we found produced a fatal disease among our California
Sea-Lions some years ago; also his demonstrations of trypana-
somes in the blood of various animals. Motion pictures were
seen which showed the Trypanasomes free in the circulating
blood, and also the effect on these parasites after the blood was
treated with curative serums. Other films showed the develop-
ment of intestinal flora in living animals.
At these laboratories I also had an opportunity of studying
the work being done on malignant tumors and cancers of ani-
mals. Professor Boree, the specialist of the Institute in the
investigation of cancer, exhibited numerous mice affected with
cancer, and explained his investigations whereby he was able
to demonstrate the fact that cancer in these animals was infec-
tious and transmitted by contact, and not by heredity.
I found at these laboratories, as well as in other places on
the Continent, that the motion picture apparatus was being ex-
tensively used for the purpose of accumulating permanent rec-
ords, and also for demonstrating the technic of important
112 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
surgical operations. The camera plays a very important part
in the research work of practically all the laboratories and
clinics.
In Budapest, the experimental farm for the study of the
infectious diseases of animals, under the direction of Professor
Hutyra, is most complete, and there is a fine studio for recording
the various pathological changes in the organs by means of
photographing the specimens with Lumiere color plates.
Here also was seen an ideal animal hospital. Separate
wards were arranged for~-surgical and medical cases. Wards
for contagious skin affections with separate diet kitchen and
baths; examination rooms, operating room, sterilizing rooms,
and an isolated building for the treatment of contagious dis-
eases such as distemper. I found here that in the research
laboratory they had found tuberculosis in snakes. The first
time it was recorded here was three years ago. It may be of
interest to know that tuberculosis in snakes was noted by Dr.
_ Harlow Brooks in the Seventh Annual Report of the New York
Zoological Society, published in 1902.
The Veterinary Institute Laboratories at Leipsic are under
the direction of the famous tuberculosis expert, Professor A.
Eber. Professor Eber’s work for a number of years has been
on the relationship of the types of tubercle bacilli, and he has
repeatedly shown that it is possible to so alter the human type
of tubercle bacillus by systematic passage through animals that,
with the means at present at our disposal, they cannot be dis-
tinguished from bacilli of the bovine type. His researches fur-
nish abundant evidence that the two types of tubercle bacillus,
the human and the bovine, are not types of sub-species with
constant characters, but rather varieties of one and the same
bacillus, with relatively variable characters. He recognizes that
the bacilli cultivated directly from the human or bovine sources
possess certain biological characteristics which permit of a
distinction in the majority of cases between the human and bo-
vine types.
In his experimental work in carrying the human type tu-
bercle bacillus through guinea-pigs, calves and cattle, Professor
Eber succeeded repeatedly in changing the morphological char-
acters of the human bacillus to that of the bovine type. The
series of pathological lesions seen in this laboratory were of
much interest to me in connection with my study of tuberculosis
in primates.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 113
In addition to the institutions mentioned, I had the pleasure
of visiting the Zoological Gardens of the following ten cities:
Antwerp, Budapest, Vienna, Hamburg, Berlin, Hanover, Am-
sterdam, Rotterdam, London and Edinburgh. In many of the
places visited, I found the gardens rich in zoological specimens,
but nearly all over-crowded with buildings, and the corrals and
yards much too small for the comfort of the animals, especially
the hoofed animals.
There are two new zoological gardens in Europe: One a
municipally owned garden located in Budapest; the other, the
Scottish Zoological Park at Edinburgh. Both of these institu-
tions are modelled to a great extent after Hagenbeck’s, at Ham-
burg. The garden at Budapest is only three years old, but al-
ready is rich in zoological specimens. For instance, I found
there a good collection of African antelopes; also a herd of five
giraffes, all in excellent health, and five elephants. Here, also,
I saw a pair of American bison which were bred in our Zoo-
logical Park, reaching this far away Zoological Garden through
the Hagenbeck agency. One of the most interesting buildings
in this Garden is the Elephant House which is patterned after
a Turkish Mosque. So faithful is the reproduction that upon
its completion it nearly led to serious diplomatic complications
between Turkey and Hungary. The interior decorations and
colored windows produce a lighting effect of a beautiful pale
purplish hue.
The Polar Bear Dens and Sea-Lion Pool, as well as the
Mountain Sheep Rocks, are modelled after the same structures
at Hagenbeck’s.
The Scottish Zoological Park, the property of the Zoological
Society of Scotland, is located half a mile from the Edinburgh
city boundary, and comprises about 74 acres. The Society ob-
tained possession of the property in the spring of 1913, and im-
mediately began the work of laying out the grounds. - The whole
Park lies above rock, which is never far from the surface, and
there is an abundance of fine old timber. From the higher por-
tions of the Park magnificent views are obtained of the sur-
rounding country, and its aspect to the southwest secures the
maximum of sunshine, with shelter from the cold winds. Alto-
gether it is an ideal spot for the purpose of a zoological park,
and no finer setting could be desired for the display of animal
life.
114 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Experiments are being carried on here to demonstrate to
how great an extent exotic animals can adapt themselves to
changed climatic conditions. Many ingenious and simple meth-
ods have been devised for confining the animals in artistic and
more or less natural enclosures. In the arrangement of the
collection more regard is paid to the natural features of the
ground than to the relationship or zoological sequence of the
groups exhibited.
The outdoor enclosure for a group of lions for instance,
consists of a broad shelf of rock, banked and flanked by high
overhanging cliffs; up which the lions can neither jump nor
climb, and guarded along the front by a wide and deep ditch
partially filled with water. The ditch is too wide for the animals
to leap, and the outer side is smooth and overhanging, and is
further guarded by a row of iron spikes, so that should the lions
go down into the ditch, they are forced to go back to the rocky
ledge, and cannot by any means find an exit on the outer side.
Another attractive exhibit in the Park is the Polar Bear
Pool, which is blasted out of the solid rock somewhat in the
shape of a horseshoe, having in its center a large mass of nat-
ural rock, which forms a kind of promontory, bounded on three
sides by water, and on the fourth by a cliff. The dimensions of
the pool are about 65 feet long by 50 feet wide. The rock which
surrounds the pool on the outer side rises to about 8 feet above
the water level, overhangs slightly and affords an excellent
means of preventing the escape of the bears. Thus no iron work
is needed and there is nothing to obstruct the view of the visitors.
The Monkey House is a small structure consisting of an
inner brick-built sleeping place opening into large outdoor cages.
The monkeys have free access to sleeping boxes, but the super-
intendent, Mr. Gillespie, told me that all the monkeys spent the
whole of the past winter without any artificial heat whatever,
and remained in excellent health. The collection is made up
' principally of the hardier species, there being none of the an-
thropoid apes exhibited here.
The Hagenbeck Garden at Stellingen is one of the most
attractive of the zoological gardens of Europe. While many of
the buildings are not artistic or expensive, still they serve every
practical purpose, which is to shelter the animals during inclem-
ent weather. The Hagenbecks believe that a zoological garden
or park entirely fails in its function unless the animals it con-
tains are exhibited in a manner which allows them to live under
conditons which not only permit but encourage them to display
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 115
their normal instincts and habits of daily life, and in a setting
resembling as far as possible the environment in which they
naturally would be found in a state of freedom.
Many experiments carried on in their Garden, which would
be considered hazardous by many, have shown to how great an
extent tropical animals can adapt themselves to changed cli-
matic conditions. The large artificial rock work which consti-
tutes the quarters of the baboons and common monkeys is truly
a remarkable exhibit, with nearly a hundred of these animals
scampering over the rocks. At the back of the rock work are
interior quarters which the animals reach by passing through
trap doors, and where they may retreat during stormy weather
or at night. :
The grand panorama view is of an enclosure containing a
great variety of European and tropical cranes and water fowl
on an artificial lake in the foreground, beyond which is a plain
enclosing elands and other African antelopes; next a plateau
with lions roaming over the rocks, and finally in the back-ground
huge artificial rocks reaching high into the air, and with moun-
tain sheep and goats running and jumping about.
In the Lion House during the date of my visit, there were
five litters of young lion cubs, varying in ages from two weeks
to two months. Two more litters were due to arrive within six
days. During one afternoon I saw an exhibition performance
of fourteen full grown lions in a large open air cage. On the
same afternoon fourteen magnificent full grown tigers were
put through their exhibition in the same cage. These exhibi-
tions in addition to the great pleasure given to the visitors were
doubtless of great benefit to the animals in giving them the exer-
cise that they need to keep them in such fine physical condition.
Practically all the hoofed tropical animals «re forced to stay
out-of-doors all the time. They are very active and certainly
look to be in the best of health. Among the many rare zoolog-
ical specimens seen at the Hagenbeck Park were two full grown
Alaskan moose in splendid condition; a pair of very large speci-
mens of the two-horned African rhinoceros; a young one horned
Afriean rhinoceros, which Mr. Lorenz Hagenbeck believes to be
a very rare species of the rhinoceros; a pair of sea elephants,
weighing about 1200 pounds each; a South African sea-bear ; sev-
eral specimens of the dark grey water-buck (Cobus ellipsiprym-
nus) ; and a very large and intelligent walrus which gives daily
116 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
exhibitions in its pool. It plays, in turn, the harmonica, cornet
and whistle, and finally ends its program with a bass solo.
There are numerous rare birds—among them three king
penguins in full adult plumage.
The ostrich farm at Stellingen is one of the most interest-
ing features of the Park. There are about 90 birds here, vary-
ing in age from three weeks to full grown birds. The shelter
consists of a long wooden building, without artificial heat, where
the birds are confined during the coldest of the winter weather.
These buildings open into large paddocks where the birds spend
practically all the day exercising in the open air.
The only gardens where I saw animals being forced to live
in the open air, or in unheated buildings were at Hamburg, Bu-
dapest, and Edinburgh. The two latter Gardens are young, and
their handling of animals cannot be looked upon as anything
but experimental for these localities, and I believe it is yet too
early to determine the claimed superior advantages of exhibit-
ing animals in unheated buildings. I did not see any garden in
Europe which handled its delicate animals any differently from
what we do here. Moreover, if statistics were available, it would
be found that the European gardens do not succeed in keeping
their animals alive any longer than we do, nor do they give the
animals nearly as much freedom. In central Europe, where the
climate is dry and much milder than in New York City, the
animals can stay out-of-doors longer without discomfort, but
when the weather is stormy they seek shelter just as readily
there as here. The animals have access to their outdoor cages
at all times, but I doubt very much if any but the hardier spe-
cies voluntarily spend all their time out-of-doors during the
winter months. They lay great stress on the fact that they have
acclimated many tropical animals, which no longer require heat-
ed buildings, such as golden baboons, rhesus, and Japanese red-
faced monkeys; axis deer, elands, water-bucks, beatrix antelopes,
Indian sambar and barasingha deer, African and Indian ga-
zelles. We have also acclimated practically all these animals
mentioned, as well as a considerable number of others.
Nowhere did I see any of the great apes or monkeys which
we consider delicate species living out-of-doors.
I would not advise trying to keep any but the hardier spe-
cies of monkeys, tropical antelopes or deer in unheated buildings
during the winters such as we have in New York City. Without
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 117
heat it would take more than a week here to dry out a building
after one or two days of the easterly storms, such as we fre-
quently have during the fall and winter.
Respectfully submitted,
W. REID BLAIR,
Veterinarian.
SALT-WATER BREAM (DIPLODUS HOLBROOKII)
*
ee a ee
Ob tet yet
PIN-FISH (LAGODON RHOMBOIDES)
REPORT OF THE
DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.
N reporting upon the Aquarium for the past year, the Director
feels justified in stating that its present condition is good,
both as regards living exhibits, and service performed by em-
ployees. Although much of the equipment is obsolete in charac-
ter, the fact remains that in no other aquarium is there so much
animal life successfully carried considering the space available.
At no time during the twelve years of the Zoological Saci-
ety’s management of the Aquarium have the exhibits decreased
to a noticeable degree either in number or variety. All exhibition
tanks and pools are kept full of attractive specimens of good
size, while the variety of forms is usually more than twice the
number of tanks available. Most of our specimens live in tanks
too small for their proper accommodation.
As has been frequently pointed out it is not possible to en-
large or greatly vary the exhibits in the present building. There
is no space left for the increase of either specimens or equipment
for handling them. Under present conditions the Aquarium is
virtually at a standstill in this respect. Its water systems are
adapted only for exhibits of the character now installed there.
and in pleading limitations, these facts are kept in mind.
Nevertheless, more than two millions of visitors annually
find much in the Aquarium that is pleasing, and but little to
criticise. As a matter of fact there is no criticism of the exhib-
its, and seldom is there complaint about the irremediable defects
of the building. There are few museums that maintain more
friendly relations with the public.
COLLECTIONS.
The total number of specimens on December 31, 1914, was
5,169, the number of species 199. These are as follows: fishes
2,876—species 146; reptiles 130—species 24; amphibians 109
—species 9; invertebrates 2,051—species 18; mammals 3—
species 2.
120 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
In August the Aquarium received a manatee from Porto
Bico as the gift of Hon. John A. Wilson, of San Juan, who also
secured free transportation for it from the New York and Porto
Rico Steamship Co. The manatee was unfortunately injured in
capture and lived only three weeks, during which time it was
apparently unable to feed. The specimen was presented to the
American Museum of Natural History, New York, in Mr. Wil-
son’s name.
In September Messrs. Travilla Brothers of Minneapolis,
presented two yearling California sea lions, one of which died
soon after its arrival. The other specimen is active and thriving
and is most interesting to visitors.
Two handsome specimens of the tarpon captured at Belford,
N. J., in lower New York Bay in August and September, were
exhibited at the Aquarium for a couple of weeks. Like other
specimens collected by commercial fishermen, they were subject-
ed to careless handling and did not live long. These are the third
and fourth tarpons taken in New York Bay during the past ten
years and received alive at the Aquarium.
A four-hundred-pound leatherback turtle captured at Man-
asquan, N. J., was received in October. This species has never
survived long in captivity. Although specimens are received
every summer, none of them have ever learned to feed.
The Bureau of Agriculture of Bermuda sent sixty-three
handsome tropical fishes in August. These fishes were intended
for exhibition at the Toronto Exposition, which was abandoned
on account of the war in Europe. They were presented through
Mr. E. J. Wortley, Director of the Bureau of Agriculture.
Mr. Chester Lloyd of Brooklyn presented twenty very in-
teresting goldfishes of nine different varieties.
Mr. Emil Gottsleben of Nassau, Bahamas, presented a fine
hawksbill turtle, the second specimen which has been received
through his kindness.
Dr. A. G. Mayer sent eleven young loggerhead turtles from
the Dry Tortugas, Florida.
The U.S. Bureau of Fisheries presented fish eggs of several
species for the Aquarium hatchery. The young were delivered
when hatched to the New York Conservation Commission for
stocking State waters.
In addition to the above the Society supplied sixteen hun-
dred specimens. These represented ninety different species of
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 121
fishes, six of turtles, two of porpoises, a giant lobster thirty-eight
inches in length, the longest on record, and numerous species
of invertebrates.
In April Mr. L. L. Mowbray, of the Aquarium staff, went
to Moon, Mississippi, to procure specimens of fishes, including
the giant gars of the lower river region which reach lengths of
eight or nine feet. Owing to the lateness of his arrival, the gars,
being in spawning condition, could not be transported, but he
procured 150 fishes of twelve species, some of which were new
to the Aquarium collections. He also procured numerous turtles
and frogs. Another attempt will probably be made to procure
gars at a favorable season. These large fresh-water fishes are
greatly desired for one of the large floor pools of the Aquarium,
but the expense of transporting heavy fish tanks by rail is almost
prohibitive.
In July Mr. Mowbray went to Key West, returning with
500 tropical fishes of sixty-six different species. Several of these
were also new to our exhibits. The cost of the trip to Florida,
amounting to $384, was reduced to the extent of $175, on account
of the sale of 150 specimens to the Detroit Aquarium.
One of the porpoises (Tursiops truncatus) brought to the
Aquarium on November 15, 1913, is still living and in good con-
dition after more than thirteen months of captivity. Four other
porpoises received at the same time, lived in the building seven
months, when they were lost in rapid succession from pneumonia.
The surviving animal is lively and playful, making its excit-
ing porpoise leaps many times every day. It is, so far as known,
the only porpoise in captivity, and is naturally the star attraction
of the Aquarium. It feeds entirely on fish, the cheapest that can
be bought in the markets, and consumes 25 pounds daily. The
specimen is a male, eight feet in length, and weighs about 300
pounds.
A twenty-two page illustrated account of the Aquarium’s
porpoises was prepared by the Director and published by the
Zoological Society in May, 1914, in Zoologica.
In November the Director returned to Hatteras, N. C., to
obtain more porpoises, but owing to stormy weather, was forced
to abandon the project temporarily. During the summer he
made an attempt to capture porpoises at Stony Brook Harbor,
Long Island, but was unsuccessful on account of the force of the
122 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
TEN-POUNDER (HLOPS SAURUS)
tides at that locality, which made it impossible to control the
very heavy seine required to hold animals so active.
Another species of porpoise (Delphinus delphis) captured
on the coast of New Jersey, was exhibited at the Aquarium in
October.
This specimen, like all of the porpoises received from fisher-
men, was injured and lived only two days. A specimen of the
small harbor porpoise (Phocena communis), taken at Prov-
incetown, Mass., in October did not reach the Aquarium alive.
Porpoises to endure captivity must be taken uninjured and
kept in tanks of cool water from the moment of capture until
placed in the pool at the Aquarium. Our experience has shown
that this can be done without great difficulty or expense.
The porpoises lost in June were presented by the Zoological
Society to the American Museum of Natural History, New York,
the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, the Museum of
the Brooklyn Institute, the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
New York, and the Oceanographic Museum, Monaco. The soft:
parts of most of the specimens were utilized by the College of
Physicians and Surgeons. It is well that other institutions
derive some profit from our misfortunes.
The porpoises lost from pneumonia, died from the malady
that sooner or later carries off our seals and manatees, and re-
sults from attempts to keep out-of-door animals in a heated
building in winter, without the advantages of a specially venti-
lated section which such animals require. All captive lung-
breathing marine mammals exhibited indoors, should be separ-
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 123
ated from visitors by a plate glass partition, where a lower tem-
perature and special ventilation would insure their safety. This
is of course not possible in the present building.
The motion pictures of porpoises obtained by the Society’s
expedition to Hatteras, and exhibited at the Annual Meeting of
the Society and at the Reception at the Aquarium, have been
sold for a sum equal to the cost of securing them, a profitable
arrangement for the Zoological Society.
Exchanges of specimens were made with the Aquariums in
Detroit and Philadelphia, and with the New York Conservation
Commission.
A full list of donations to the collections and to the library
will be found under the heading List of Gifts.
REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
Under this heading may be mentioned repairs to furnace
walls, replacing of boiler tubes, repairs to refrigerating plant
and to skylights, all at moderate cost; other repair items were
mostly of minor importance.
An addition of pure sea water, brought in from Sandy Hook
Lightship, was made to the reservoir, and some additional rock-
work of a decorative character was placed in the tanks.
The exterior of the Aquarium is and always has been most
unsightly. It could be somewhat improved by recoating with
the ordinary brown stone preparation, but funds have not been
available for the work.
AQUARIUM PUBLICATIONS.
The various publications relative to the work of the Aqua-
rium which were sold during the year, yielded the sum of $679.06,
which will be applied to the publication fund of the Aquarium.
These documents include the New York Aquarium Nature
Series, mostly pamphlets; the Aquarium numbers of the Zoolog-
ical Society Bulletin; post cards and poster stamps. The fund
now has a balance of $1,744.73.
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION.
The Aquarium has continued to supply investigators with
material for work in various fields of biology and to provide
laboratory room as far as the limited space of the present build-
124 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ing permits. It is thus possible to aid in the furtherance of
research far beyond anything that could be done directly by the
staff of the Aquarium. With an adequate building there is no
reason why the Aquarium should not become one of the centers
for biological research dealing with aquatic life. Unfortunately
we are at present so greatly hampered for space that it is im-
possible to accommodate much of this work within the walls of
the institution.
Dr. G. A. MacCallum has continued his studies on the para-
sites and diseases of the fishes in the Aquarium. This work,
carried on in connection with the Departments of Pathology and
Bacteriology of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Co-
lumbia University, has brought to light some very interesting
cases of fish diseases. Some of these have been tested out by
experiments and found to be due to pathogenic bacteria and to
be directly infectious.
In regard to animal parasites, Dr. MacCallum has found
that ninety per cent of the angel-fishes and butterfly-fishes suc-
cumbed to the attacks of parasitic trematode worms of the genus
Microcotyle. These minute worms infest the gills and not only
impede the access of water by the production of slime, but suck
the blood of the fishes to such an extent that a fatal anemia
ensues. In the same way many of the salmonoid fishes are in-
fested in the gill regions by species of trematodes of the family
Octocotylide.
On the other hand internal parasites are found to be much
less common than among wild fishes, the conditions in captivity
apparently tending to reduce their number very greatly. The
exception to this is found in the case of the striped bass (Roccus
lineatus) in which a parasitic round, or nemotode, worm (Echin-
orhynchus proteus) is sometimes found in such numbers as to
cover the whole of the intestinal mucosa causing intense inflam-
mation and preventing the proper functioning of the intestine.
However, this seems to be less fatal than the gill infections re-
ferred to above.
The protozoan parasites known as Mywxosporidia are found
to be much less common than in fishes from outside waters
though occasionally the ulcers and tumor-like swellings produced
by these parasites are found in the skin, in the muscles and in
the internal organs. But few cases of death have been found
traceable to this cause in the Aquarium. The fishes most fre-
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 125
quently affected were perches, flounders, alewives, smelts, hakes
and pickerels.
Fishes that have died in captivity are frequently found on
autopsy to have a greatly distended gall bladder sometimes with
a general jaundiced condition due to the closure of the bile duct
either by inflammation or occasionally by parasites.
A few cases of thyroid tumor have been found and fibrous
tumors have also been noted. Several cases of disease of the
jaws and other parts of the mouth, attended by the complete
destruction of the soft tissues laying the bony structures bare,
are obscure as to the cause and have not yet been thoroughly
studied.
While such investigations made here and elsewhere may be
considered as only in the preliminary stage, enough has been
done to indicate that fishes suffer from many kinds of diseases
and to show also that the Aquarium is a fertile field for the study
of such diseases. It has been shown that while confinement is
conducive to the development and spread of certain parasites, in
other cases the parasites appear to be unable to withstand the.
conditions of confinement as well as their hosts. It is unsafe
as yet to draw any conclusions as to the comparative frequency
of disease in fishes in the Aquarium and in outside waters. Para-
sites and diseases are common in nature, but to what extent
they affect wild fishes is difficult to say, for the reason that when
such fishes are weakened by whatever cause they readily fall a
prey to their enemies and disappear. Under the protected con-
ditions of the Aquarium they remain for observation.
In the early part of the year Dr. George G. Scott of the
College of the City of New York, was provided with laboratory
space and material for conducting his researches on the consti-
tution of the blood of fishes and on respiration and asphysia.
The Whale Shark.—Prof. E. W. Gudger of the State Nor-
mal College at Greensboro, N. C., a collaborator of the U. S.
Bureau of Fisheries, and the Carnegie Institution of Washing-
ton, submitted an important paper on the Whale Shark. The
document was heartily recommended by the director, and was
accepted by the Executive Committee for publication, with illus-
trations, in Zoologica.
A brief account of the whale shark was published in the
Zoological Society Bulletin for November, 1913. This, the larg-
est of all fishes, exceeding fifty feet in length, is known to sci-
126 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ence from less than a dozen specimens. One of these, captured
in Florida waters in 1912, was carefully studied by Prof. Gud-
ger, who includes in his paper such limited information as exists
respecting other captures of this remarkable shark.
Dr. Sergius Morgulis is at present conducting at the Aqua-
rium an extended investigation into the nutrition of fishes for
the United States Bureau of Fisheries. For this work Dr. Mor-
gulis has been provided with laboratory space and tanks neces-
sary for the pursuit of the work.
Dr. W. H. Bates has been supplied with material and work-
ing space for his studies on the physiology and mechanism of
accommodation in vision. In the course of his experiments Dr.
Bates has examined the eyes of numerous species of fishes in
the Aquarium. A short paper in the November, 1914, Bulletin
explains in a simple way some of the results of these studies.
Profs. George S. Huntington and H. von W. Schulte of the
Department of Anatomy of the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons have conducted the autopsies on the porpoises and other
mammals that have died during the past year. In all cases pul-
monary trouble seems to have been the immediate cause of death.
As in former years the Aquarium has assisted many of the
public school teachers to establish balanced salt water aquaria
for the instruction of their classes. Sea water and sea lettuce
(ulva) are supplied together with sea anemones, shrimps, hermit
crabs, snails and whatever may be in stock at the time of the
request. The Aquarium has been at practically no expense in
this matter as the material has been brought in by our own col-
lector along with other things. These aquaria have been much
appreciated by the teachers.
In addition to this some living material has also been sup-
plied to the College of the City of New York, Cornell Medical
College, The College of Physicians and Surgeons and Columbia
University for purposes of research.
BIOLOGICAL WORK IN LONG ISLAND SOUND.
The steamer Fish Hawk, one of the vessels of the U. S.
Bureau of Fisheries, was detailed in June and July for a biolog-
ical reconnaisance in Long Island Sound.
This work was placed under the supervision of Dr. C. B.
Davenport, Director of the Marine Laboratory at Cold Spring
Harbor, and Dr. C. H. Townsend, Director of the Aquarium.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT +27
By authority of the Bureau and with the permission of the
Zoological Society, Dr. Townsend had personal charge of the
vessel.
The investigations were undertaken for the purpose of as-
certaining the character, distribution and abundance of animal
life on the bottom, a work never before attempted in the western
part of the Sound. Seventy hauls were made with the beam
trawl, and at each dredging station occupied, the temperature
and salinity of the water were recorded at both surface and
_ bottom.
The animal collections consisted largely of crustaceans, bot-
tom fishes, mollusks and starfishes, in about the order named.
Among the fishes, flounders predominated and were abundant
enough to be worth taking for market by trawling vessels.
The work was confined to the deeper central portion of the
Sound from New York to Bridgeport. :
Among the invertebrates were spider crabs, rock crabs,
hermit crabs, large whelks, starfishes and an abundance of smal!
mollusks.
Among the fishes there were, in addition to flounders, many
small hake and a few large ones, but the beam trawl] is not well
adapted for taking fishes other than the more sluggish bottom
species.
The dredgings show the conditions existing in midsummer
only; winter conditions would be different when the fishes and
invertebrates of the shore region descend into deeper water.
The collections made by the Fish Hawk were largly identi-
fied on board, the balance being landed at the Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory for further examination by Dr. Davenport and at the
Aquarium by Dr. R. C. Osburn.
All dredging stations were plotted on charts, and studies of
the material obtained are practically ready for publication. The
work in general has a fishery interest. Numerous fishes and
invertebrates were saved alive for exhibition at the Aquarium.
ATTENDANCE.
The following table shows the attendance for 1914, by
months:
January visitors.................... 100,783 = Daily average............ 3,251
February sage Cases Naa 100,024 iy .
128
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
March MS 127,092 4: ore eae ae 3,928
April thE waders 147,631 £3 MEE Seis Sar: 4,921
May ESTE ree asalee 253,994 i¢ rasa ae 8,193
June an aA ae 216,872 ee Ne ances 7,229
July scenes ee meeed ee 267,234 . * SiS nea 8,623
August els pene ae 276,885 % teens maa: 8,931
Beptamper 460 ete 206,564 : dees Sd 6,663
October wee Oi vn as 151,447 : epee fs 4,885
November “ uuu... 114,006 " a ne eee 3,800
December! sees 72,075 ¢ to or ee 2,325
ges Rie ee am 2,029,707 ss pit Pees 5,560
Total 20% 18: 96are oes ee ea 36,969,215
The number of persons annually visiting the Aquarium has
been slowly increasing for some years and in 1913 amounted to
2,205,729. There has been a falling off in visitors for the past
five months, which although scarcely noticeable to the employees,
is indicated by the records kept by the doorman. The attendance
for 1914, was 2,029,707, a decrease of 176,022, as compared with
1913. This decrease may safely be attributed to conditions re-
sulting from the war in Europe. It is well known that trans-
atlantic travel has been greatly reduced. The decrease in the
number of persons visiting New York enroute to Europe, and
the remarkable drop in immigration have both affected the
Aquarium in the matter of visitors and may be expected to do so
for some time to come.
During the year 1,599 specimens were purchased by the
New York Zoological Society as follows:
Two Yellow-finned Angelfishes, 5 French Angelfishes, 9 Spadefishes, 4 Queen
Angelfishes, 70 Blue Angelfishes, 58 Black Angelfishes, 11 Gray Snappers, 26
Spot Snappers, 13 Dog Snappers, 1 Grunt, 32 White Grunts, 17 Gray Grunts, 8
Yellow Grunts, 1 Brown Grunt, 30 Rainbow Parrotfishes, 13 Blue Parrotfishes.
1 Mud Parrotfish, 2 Red Snappers, 19 Blue Striped Grunts, 17 Triggerfishes, 5
Queen Triggerfishes, 13 Yellow-finned Groupers, 26 Nassau Groupers, 7 Red
Groupers, 3 Black Groupers, 14 Red Hogfishes, 1 Spanish Hogfish, 9 Grass Por-
gies, 9 Jolt-head Porgies, 3 Green Morays, 3 Spotted Morays, 1 Brown Moray,
22 Rock Hinds, 6 Red Hinds, 1 Hind, 1 Amberfish, 1 Sandfish, 3 Scamp, 11 Mar-
gate, 2 Ladderfishes, 71 Porkfishes, 6 Shark Suckers, 1 Pudding Wife, 4 Croakers,
11 Cowfishes, 19 School-masters, 9 Muttonfishes, 1 Flying Curnard, 1 Coney, 6
Pompano, 4 Surgeonfishes, 1 Alligator Gar, 15 Squirrelfishes, 1 Slimy Toadfish,
2 Spiny Boxfishes, 2 Sturgeons, 2 Scorpionfishes, 4 Butterflyfishes, 79 Sunfishes,
16 Large-mouthed Black Bass, 5 Catfishes, 2 White Bass, 3 Crappie, 1 Short-
nosed Gar, 1 Fresh-water Drumfish, 98 African Fishes, 7 African Catfishes (2
Var.), 1 Ladyfish, 1 Black Rockfish, 2 Graysby, 6 Jewfishes, 2 Common Rock-
fishes, 11 Yellow Tails, 17 Trunkfishes, 11 Sea Catfishes, 2 Bream, 1 Blue Tang,
4 Chubbs, 3 Puffers, 2 Jacks, 2 Yellow Mackerel, 10 Filefishes, 1 Sheepshead, 1
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 129
Cobia, 25 Sergeant Majors, 12 Beau Gregory, 1 Tarpon, 1 Grouper, (Dermato-
lepis marmoratus), 2 Octopi, 16 Stone Crabs, 252 Fiddler Crabs, 59 Spiny Lob-
sters, 1 Alligator Snapping Turtle, 35 Map Turtles, 7 Soft-shelled Turtles, 6
Muhlenberg Turtles, 4 Water Snakes, 241 Seahorses, 1 Snapping Turtle, 1- Box
Crab, 8 Hermit Crabs, 1 Horse Conch, 1 Giant Lobster, 1 Harbor Porpoise
(Phossena), 1 Porpoise (Delphinus), 1 Leather-back Turtle, 1 Rock Crab.
In the same period 591 specimens were donated to the New
York Zoological Society as follows:
Seventeen Alligators, 2 Albino Catfishes, 15 Painted Turtles, 5 Diamond-back
Terrapin, 2 Box Turtles, 2 Green Turtles, 2 Channelled Whelk, 15 Blue Angel-
fishes, 1 Surgeonfish, 3 Coneys, 13 Squirrelfishes, 5 Blue-striped Grunts, 2 Mud
Parrotfishes, 11 Red Hinds, 7 Nassau Groupers, 3 Spiny Lobsters, 3 Bream, 3
Red Salamanders, 1 Wood Turtle, 14 Loggerhead Turtles, 3 Bull Frogs, 1 Sea-
horse, 1 Hawksbill Turtle, 1 Cumberland Turtle, 1 Box Tortoise, 2 German Frogs,
1 Crayfish, 6 Marbled Salamanders, 14 Common Goldfishes, 1 Comet Goldfish, 2
Lion-head Goldfishes, 2 Devil-eyed Goldfishes, 1 Celestial Goldfish, 2 Black-
Dragon-eyed Goldfishes, 1 Calico Telescope Goldfish, 1 Mottled Goldfish, 1 Tiger
Telescope Goldfish, 3 Fringe-tailed Goldfishes, 7 East Indian Shubunkins, 7
Spotted Turtles, 6 Tree Toads, 1 Horseshoe Crab, 2 Chameleons, 2 Brazilian
Turtles, 2 Sea Lions, 54 Rock Bass, 28 Sunfishes, 35 Suckers, 4 Catfishes, 8 Pick-
erel, 1 Snapping Turtle, 6 Whitefishes, 12 Pike Perch, 4 Burbot, 8 Red-Horse
Suckers, 18 White Catfishes, 14 Spotted Catfishes, 14 White Bass, 90 Brook Trout,
20 Spur Frogs, 2 Platyposes, 2 Xiphophorus, 2 Boscilia sponops, 30 Rainbow
Trout, 42 Calico Bass.
The total of 2,190 specimens were received during the year
by purchase and donation.
Respectfully submitted,
C. H. TOWNSEND,
Director.
AdaGVaID GAHOLOTaA
Hai wi .
Sey Be adith
e<
« ~
Creasurer's Report
For tHe Year Enpine Decemser 31, 1914.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
OF THE
Sucome Account
Schedule 1.
Unexpended Balance as of December 31, 1913:
Available for expenditure during 1914 $14,949.53
Received from Sustaining Memberships in advance for
1915, 1916, 1917, 1918 160.00
Investments:
$7,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal
4% Bonds 6,930.00 $22,039.53
RECEIPTS.
Annual Dues $16,439.98
Sustaining Memberships 840.00
Special Subscriptions:
Oil Paintings of American Wild Game... $3,750.00
Miscellaneous 20.00 3,770.00
‘Transfer from Endowment Fund Income Account WW... 14,070.00
Interest on balances 648.92
Interest on investments 280.00 36,048.90
$58,088.43
EXPENDITURES.
Annual and separate Reports $ 2,320.72
Bulletin o 9387T21
Photographs and slides 1,180.29
Preparation and mailing of circulars 440.80
Zoologica 1,018.13
Cost of distribution of publications 136.00
Expenses, Annual Meeting ~ 746.20
Expenses of Receptions 1,096.95
Treasurer’s office expenses 1,010.05
General office expenses 3,173.72
Salary of Secretary 5,000.00
Aquarium expenses 120.00
Office supplies and printing 2,006.08
Aquarium specimens 1,792.99
Wild Life Fund (Transfer) 500.00
Salary of Assistant Secretary 750.00
Insurance 257.50
Aid to employees 485.00
Oil paintings of American Wild Game 3,200.00
Engineering expenses 919.00
Audits of accounts 850.00
Employer’s insurance 766.24
Collection of Heads & Horns (Publications & Labels) 52.75
Pension Fund Income Account, Payment for period Aug.
1 to Dec. 31, 1914 1,795.12
Laboratory for Curator of Birds 1,256.13
Miscellaneous expenses : 2,908.67 36,169.55
Carried forward $36,169.55
132 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Brought forward $36,169.55
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914:
Available for expenditure during 1915 200 $15,858.88
Received from Sustaining Memberships in advance
for 1916, 1917, 1918 120.00 15,978.88
Investments:
$6,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal 4%
Bonds (One bond sold during year for $990.).................. 5,940.00
$58,088.43
H. R. MircuHet.,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Maintenance Fund
ZOOLOGICAL PARK
Schedule 2.
RECEIPTS. :
Received from the City on account of Park Maintenance
Appropriation of $200,000.00 for the year $176,156.77
Due from the City on account of Park Maintenance Ap-
propriation 23,843.23 $200,000.00
EXPENDITURES.
Maintenance of buildings and care of collections —W. 6 53,817.00
Maintenance and care of grounds 52,917.20
General administration : 18,892.36
Food for animals 40,420.38
Fuel 13,117.65
Lumber 1,875.61
Uniforms and badges 1,762.00
Hardware 1,556.47
Hire of horses and vehicles 1,551.00
Electric service 1,544.38
Paints and oils < 1,234.92
Miscellaneous supplies 1,084.05 .
Office supplies 860.46
Telephone service 765.87
Stationery and printing 745.90
Miscellaneous equipment 713.53
Miscellaneous materials 709.87
Plumbing materials 600.84
Janitors’ supplies 511.36
Tools and machinery 399.13
Office furniture and fittings 391.50
Expressage and deliveries 385.83
Fuel oil and gasoline 359.87
Disinfectants . 357.95
Glaziers’ supplies 266.46
Apparatus and machinery repairs 265.63
Janitors’ equipment 237.15
Medical attendance (employees) 220.00
Steel and iron f 210.81
Furnace repairs 207.89
Carried forward $197,983.07
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 133
Brought forward $197,983.07
Bolts, nails and hardware . 206.21
Drugs and medicines 201.61
Sand, cement and brick 184.33
Rubber hose 179.63
Sanitary service 168.00
Painting labels 136.00
Lubricating oils 124.87
Nursery stock and seeds 122.20
Painters’ equipment 120.91
Harness and vehicle repairs 115.65
Benceng sane etling os 2 93.27
Park baskets 90.00
Telegraph, cable and messenger service 55.82
Nursery supplies 46.50
Electrical supplies . 28.30
Engineering supplies 23.22
Awnings and shades ...... 20.00
Gas _ service 19.84.
Medical and surgical supplies 18.17
Laundry service 17.16
Surgical instruments 15.74
Ice 12.80
Miscellaneous expenses 9.20
Mats and floor coverings 7.50 $200,000.00
H. R. MircuHett,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 13, 1915. Treasurer.
Ground Improvement Fund
Schedule 3.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1913:
Grading Concourse,’ Planting, New Walks, ete... $ 413.90
Furnishings and Fittings for Administration Building 349.87
Erection of Bear Dens, Removal of Moose House,
Yak Shelter and Yards 67.76
Erection and Equipment of Power Plant and Work
Shops 830.12
Development East of Bronx River 7,648.25
Construction of Hospital Building 7,518.32
Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Im-
provements 5,253.80 $22,082.02
EXPENDITURES.
By the Zoological Society:
Grading Concourse, Planting, New Walks, etc.:
Administration Building $ 56.28
Reconstruction of walks 127.67
Miscellaneous 152.48 $336.43
Carried forward ....... $336.43
134 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Brought forward $336.43
Erection of Bear Dens, Removal of Moose
House, Yak Shelter and Yards:
Yak Shelter and Yards ; 66.00
Erection and Equipment of Power Plant and
Work Shops 26.00
Developments, East of Bronx River 000000000. 14,10
Construction of Fences and Other Permanent
Improvements:
Forestry and planting 549.57
Yak shelter and yards 628.77
Guard Rails 12.00
West Farms Block 24.00
Concrete benches 224.81
Installing new puma cage 215.07
Grading around pavilion east of Bronx River 98.25
Changing location of scale 205.93
Miscellaneous 1,682.00 3,640.40 4,082.93
By the Zoological Society through Park Dept.:
Grading Concourse, Planting, New Walks, etc.:
Administration building $ 42.41
Reconstruction of walks 21.75 64.16
Furnishings and fittings for Administration
Building 345.87
Erection and equipment of Power Plant and
Work Shops 712.93
Construction of Fences and Other Permanent
Improvements:
Yak Shelter and yards $ 695.21
West Farms Block ; 147.95
Concrete benches 61.76
Changing location of scale 146.47
Miscellaneous 525.00 =1,576.39 2,699.35
Through Park Department:
Contract, Elton Contracting Co., Pavilion east of Bronx
River $ 7,323.00
Miscellaneous expenditures through Park Deplt................... 311.15
Unexpended balances rescinded by City 2.16 7,636.31
Balance available for expenditure, December 31, 1914:
Construction of Hospital Building $ 7,518.32
Erection and Equipment of Power Plant and Work
Shops 91.19
Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Improve-
ments 34.40
Miscellaneous items to be rescinded by the City... 19.52 7,663.43
$22,082.02
H. R. Mircnent.,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Carried forward
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 135
Animal Fund
Schedule 4.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1913:
Cash in Bank $20,241.36
Cash on hand 100.00 $20,341.36
RECEIPTs.
Admissions (Jan. 1 to June 30, 1914) $ 3,831.15
Checking 35.60
Miscellaneous , 46.75
Sale of Animals 1,012.00
Boating, account 1914 receipts 3,000.00
Privilege Account, account 1914 receipts 11,500.00
. Rocking Stone Restaurant, account 1914 receipts... 1,000.00 20,425.50
$40,766.86
EXPENDITURES.
Mammals $16,231.73
Birds 6,541.95
Reptiles 1,585.30
Insect collection 61.62 24,420.60
Express and other charges $ 1,205.64
Travelling and other expenses 795.35 2,000.99
Improvement and Repair Account, Transfer of Park Ad-
missions (Jan. 1 to June 30, 1914) 3,831.15
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914:
Cash in Bank $10,414.12
Cash on hand 100.00 10,514.12
$40,766.86
H. R. MircHett,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Stokes’ Bird Fund
Schedule 5.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1913... $ 266.69
Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway 4% Gold
Bonds 5,056.46 5,323.15
RECEIPTS.
Interest on investment 200.00
$5,523.15
EXPENDITURES.
Preservation of bird life 332.00
$332.00
186 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Brought forward $332.00
Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway 4% Gold
Bonds $ 5,056.46
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914.00.00 134.69 5,191.15
$5,523.15
H. R. MircHe tt, : ;
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. ‘Treasurer.
National Collection of Grads and Gorus
Schedule 6.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1918.00 $ 579.00
RECEIPTS.
Special Subscriptions:
John J. Paul $ 15.00
Wm. R. Coe 10.00
Henry A. Caesar 4 5.00
John -T. Pirie, Jr. 5.00
W. H. Chase : 5.00 40.00
$ 619.00
EXPENDITURES,
Miscellaneous expenses 2 $ 76.50
Heads and horns 232.13
Express and other charges 30.10 338.73
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 191400000. f 280.27
$ 619.00
H. R. Mircue tn,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Library Hund
Schedule 7.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 19133. en $ 487.72
No receipts during 1914
EXPENDITURES.
Books, pamphlets, etc. $ 207.00
Subscription to periodicals 134.15 341.15
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914... 146.57
$ 487.72
H. R. Mrrcwe.t,
Chief Clerk. Percy R.- Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Maintenance Fund
AQUARIUM
Schedule 8.
RECEIPTS.
Received from the City on account of Aquarium Main-
tenance Appropriation of $47,000.00 for the year
$ 43,790.11
Due from the City on account of Aquarium Maintenance
137
Appropriation 3,205.42
Unexpended balance 4.47 $47,000.00
EXPENDITURES.
Salaries $ 32,841.86
Fish Food QATA11
Fuel 4,647.76
Office supplies 126.67
Laundry, cleaning and disinfecting supplies — 91.18
Refrigerating supplies 145.32
General plant supplies 549.68
Office equipment 26.00
General plant equipment 1,060.12
General plant materials 469.37
Repairs 2,469.11
Lighting 1,530.11
Expressage 267.43
Telephone 163.86
Contingencies 132.95
Unexpended balance 447 $47,000.00
Rosert SvuTCLiFFE,
* Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 21, 1915. Treasurer.
New Building Fund
AQUARIUM
Corporate Stock, C. D. P. No. 92.
Schedule 8-A.
Construction of Foundations and Wall of Wings, New York Aquarium,
Balance on hand as per last report
Battery Park.
EXPENDITURES.
Rescinded by Board of Estimate and Apportionment, January 23,
1914
Balance available, December 31, 1914
January 1, 1915.
Morris Mayer,
$ 466.12
-366.12
100.00
$ 466.12
Bookkeeper, Department of Parks,
Manhattan and Richmond.
138 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Endowment Fund
Schedule 9.
Funds as of December 31, 1913:
Cash in Bank $ 1,886.52
Investments at cost 316,832.50
Balance due by Endowment Fund Income Account... 343.78
RECEIPTS.
Special Subscription:
Mortimer L. Schiff
Subscriptions received through Ladies’ Auxiliary:
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie $ 250.00
Mrs. Wm. G. Nichols 200.00
Mrs. Wm. Church Osborn 100.00
Mrs. Cleveland H. Dodge 100.00
Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer 100.00
Mrs. Hamilton Fish 50.00
Mrs. Cabot Ward 50.00
Mrs. Finley J. Shepard 25.00
Mrs. Henry R. Hoyt 25.00
Miss Elvine Richard 25.00
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey 25.00
Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee 25.00
Miss S. Grace Fraser 25.00
Miss Jane K. Fraser 25.00
Mrs, Edwin Henry Weatherbee 25.00
ii ties renee We sie o fg 8 siege nan oe Da POR eaten al <eeeciton MPLS eS 15.00
Mrs. C. C. Stillman 10.00
Arthur George Sedgwick 10.00
Miss Jean Walker Simpson 5.00
Miss Marie F. C. Stockmann. 5.00
Miss Eliza O’B. Lummis 5.00
Life Memberships
Investments as of December 31, 1914, at cost:
$20,000 Westchester Racing Association 5% First Mort-
gage Bonds $ 20,000.00
3,000 Second Mortgage, Clara N. Gibert and others,
6% over land and buildings, Broadway and
17th Street 3,000.00
5,000 Colorado & Southern 4% Bonds 4,750.00
5,000 Michigan Central R. R. Co. 4% Bonds wc 4,950.00
10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock ..... 9,925.00
10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock ..... 9,962.50
20,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock ..... 19,875.00
10,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock ...... | 9,962.50
10,000 St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba 4% Bonds 9,800.00
50,000 U. S. Steel Sinking Fund 5% Bonds woccccccc 51,812.50
50,000 American Telephone & Telegraph 4% Bonds ........ 45,000.00
25,000 Rhode Island Suburban Ry. Co. 4% Bonds ............. 21,250.00
20,000 Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Co, General Mort-
gage 4% Bonds 19,750.00
Carried forward ...... $230,037.50
$319,062.80
$ 1,000.00
1,100.00
2,800.00
$323,962.80
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 139
Brought forward. ........ $230,037.50
20,000 Vandalia Railroad Co. Consolidated Mortgage
4% Bonds 19,400.00
5,000 Missouri & Illinois Bridge & Belt R. R. Co. Ist’ .-
Mortgage 4% Bonds ....... 5,000.00
10,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, Ist Mortgage
4% Bonds 9,525.00
12,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, Ist Mortgage
4% Bonds 11,250.00
4,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western 4% Terminal
Improvement Bonds 3,960.00
20,000 Milwaukee, Sparta & Northwestern Ist Mortgage
4%: Bonds 18,900.00
25,000 New York & Westchester Lighting Company, Gen-
eral Mortgage 4% Gold Coupon Bonds ......... 19,750.00
1,000 Morris & Essex R. R. 314% Bond 876.25
5,000 Illinois Central & Chicago, St. Louis & New Or-
leans joint 5% ‘Bonds 5,000.00 323,698.75
Uninvested balance December 31, 1914 264.05
$323,962.80
H. R. MircHet.,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Endoument Fund Iucome Account
Schedule 10.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1913 ww. $ 6,544.68
Less due to Endowment Fund 343.78 $° 6,200.90
RECEIPTS.
Interest collected from Endowment Fund Investments 00000... 14,075.42
$20,276.32
EXPENDITURES.
Transferred to Income Account ... 14,070.00
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914 22st 6,206.32
$20,276.32
H. R. Mircue tt,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Cadwalader Animal Fund
Schedule 11.
RECEIPTS.
Bequest from John L. Cadwalader, deceased $ 20,000.00
Interest on investment - 188.89
$20,188.89
140 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
EXPENDITURES.
Investment:
$20,000 (at par) Illinois Central and Chicago, St. Louis & New
Orleans joint 5% bonds $ 20,000.00
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914 188.89
$20,188.89
H. R. MircuHet.,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Wilh Life Fund
Schedule 12.
RECEIPTS,
Transferred from Income Account, January 1, 1914.00. $ 500.00
Sale of “Our Vanishing Wild Life” 725.56
$ 1,295.56
EXPENDITURES.
Virginia Game Law $ 100.00
Telegraph and express 126.91
Director’s Emergency Fund for Wild Life Protection....... 400.00
Miscellaneous expenses 81.20 708.11
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914 617.45
$ 1,225.56
H. R. MircHett,
* Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Improvement aud Repair Account
Schedule 13.
RECEIPTS.
Transferred from Animal Fund, July 28th, 1914, Gate
Receipts Jan. 1 to June 30, 1914 $ 3,831.15
Gate Receipts, July 1 to Dec. 31, 1914 $ 6,655.60
Miscellaneous receipts 20.25 6,675.85
$10,507.00
EXPENDITURES.
Outside gorilla cage ..... $ 201.90
Bear dens 586.32
Primates house : 2,864.55
Resurfacing walks 967.41
Reptile house 657.53
Flying cage 918.53
Buffalo barn 742.60
Heating repairs 338.00
Guard rails . 271.95
Carried forward : $7,548.79
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPOR? 141
Brought forward $7,548.79
Lion house 1,570.04
Miscellaneous : 118.98 9,237.81
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914 1,269.19
$10,507.00
H. R. MircHe.,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
Carnegiv Peusion Fund
Schedule 14.
RECEIPTS.
Special Subscription:
Andrew Carnegie: $100,000.06
EXPENDITURES.
Investments at cost:
$25,000 Philadelphia & Baltimore Ist Mortgage 4% Gold
Bonds $23,250.00
25,000 Lehigh Coal & Navigation 444% Bonds ............... 24,875.00
25,000 Illinois Central 4% Bonds 23,062.50
5,000 Morris & Essex 314% Bonds 4,373.75
25,000 Chicago & Northwestern 4% Bonds 2222.c-ccecececnn 23,687.50 99,248.75
Adjustment of interest on bonds at time of purchase 3.11
Uninvested balance as of December 31, 1914 748.14
$100,000.00
H. R. MircHett,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1915. Treasurer.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
OF THE
Pousion Fund VIucome Account
Schedule 15.
RECEIPTS.
Interest on Carnegie Pension Fund Investments .................... $ 1,490.51
Interest on uninvested balance, Farmers Loan and Trust
Company 47.70
Society’s payment for period Aug. 1 to Dec, 31, 1914... 1,795.12 $ 3,333.33
Dues collected from Zoological Society employees 1,044.54
Interest on Bank Balance, “Pension Fund Income Account” .........0.... 14.25
$ 4,392.12
EXPENDITURES.
Refund of dues with accrued interest $ 4.22
Printing blank books and forms 124.30
Clerical services 83.33 211.85
Carried forward $211.85
142 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Brought forward
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914:
Deposited with Farmers Loan & Trust Co... $ 3,639.95
Deposited with Corn Exchange Bank (Bronx) ............... 540,32 4,180.27
$ 4,392.12
Percy R. Pyne,
H. R. Mircuett, Treasurer.
Asst. Treasurer,
In Charge of Pensions.
January 1, 1915.
$211.85
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 143
U.S.A. ; CABLE ADDRESS “MAWIKMIT ror at ofrices
NEW YORK,79 watt STREET CODES -WESTERN UNION-ABC ST EDITION
BOSTON, 6 CONGRESS STREET
PHILADELPHIA, 1421 CHESTNUT STREET
NEW ORLEANS, 226 CARONDELET STREET
iT RGH. 2: FOURTH AVENUE
CHICAGO, los cours Lassiun eTmeeT MARWICK, MITCHELL, PEAT & CO.
MILWAUKEE, passT BUILDING. WISCONSIN STREET
ST. LOUIS. 417 PINE STREET CORNER BROADWAY »
KANSAS CITY, 926 WALNUT STREET CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
. JOSEPH. sid FRANCIS STREET
MINNEAPOLIS, 115 SOUTH FOURTH STREET.
SALT LAKE CITY, waLKeR BANK BUILDING
PORTLAND. 329 MORRISON STREET CORNER BROADWAY PARTNERS
SAN FRANCISCO, 310 CALIFORNIA STREET MARWICK. MITCHELL @ CO; Whe REAR OR.
CANADA
MONTREAL, 1! PLace D’ARMES
TORONTO, 6s YONGE STREET
WINNIPEG, 21: PORTAGE AVENUE
MOOSE JAW, sos WALTER SCOTT BLOCK
CALGARY. HERALO BUILDING, FIRST STREET, W.
VANCOUVER, 7308 HASTINGS STREET. W.
é 79 WALL STREET
EUROPE
LONDON, PINNERS HALL, OLD BROAD STREET
GLASGOW. 41 S7. VINCENT PLACE
PARIS. 5s RUE CAUNOU, PRES C AVENUE DEL OPERA N EW YORK
BERLIN, UNTER DEN LINDEN 56
Anditors’ Certifirate
We have audited the books and accounts of the New York Zoological So-
ciety for the year ended December 31, 1914, and certify that the foregoing
Schedules “1” to “13” of cash receipts and expenditures are in accordance with
the books, and correctly record the transactions relating to the Funds of the
Society for the year 1914 and the condition of the various Funds as of Decem-
ber 31, 1914. Schedule “3” includes records of expenditures amounting to $2,699.35
and $7,636.31, made through the Park Department of the City of New York,
and Schedule “8-A” an amount of $366.12 rescinded by the Board of Estimate
and Apportionment of the City of New York; we have not verified the expendi-
tures so made, but we have incorporated them in the statements submitted so
that these may be complete. The subscriptions, donations and dues reported as
received, and the income from investments, have been properly accounted for,
and the securities and cash in bank and on hand at December 31, 1914, as shown
in the accounts of the Funds presented herewith, have been duly checked and
found in order.
We have audited also the books and accounts of the “Carnegie Pension
Fund” and certify that Schedules “14” and “15” correctly record the cash
receipts and expenditures relating thereto, and the condition of the Pension
Fund and of the Pension Fund Income Account as of December 31, 1914. The
securities and cash in bank as shown in the accounts have been duly checked and
found in order.
Marwick, Mircuety, Prat & Co.,
Chartered Accountants.
79 Wall Street, New York,
February 15, 1915.
Report of the Auditing Conunitter
OF THE
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
New York, Feb. 20, 1915.
To The President and Board of Managers
Of The New York Zoological Society:
Dear Sirs:—
We beg to report we have examined the annual audit of the books and
accounts of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending December 31,
1914, as made by Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Company, Chartered Ac-
countants, and herewith submit the same to you as a complete and satisfactory
audit of said books and accounts, including the Carnegie Pension Fund and the
Pension Fund Income Account, all expenditures and receipts of the various ac-
counts being clearly set forth, and it appearing that the cash on hand and at the
various depositories has been verified and found correct, and all securities in
which the funds of the Society are invested have been examined and found as
reported.
Expenditures made through the Park Department of the City of New York
have not been verified by this audit as such moneys have not passed through
the hands ,of this Society, but are in due course checked and verified by the
Comptroller of the City.
Respectfully submitted,
Wituam Wutre Nites,
Chairman,
LisPENARD STEWART,
H. Casimir DERHAM.
List of Gifts
TO THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
From January 1, 1914, to December 31, 1914.
TO THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
Asramowitz, Master Lovis, New York City:
Wood Tortoise. ;
Acres, P. H., Mamaroneck, N. Y.:
2 Gray Squirrels.
American Museum or Narurat History, New York City:
South American Gopher Tortoise.
ANDERSON, Caprain, Steamer “Roman Prince,’ New York City:
Snowy Owl.
Awnoprews, C. G., S. S. “Philadelphia,” New York City:
Wilson Petrel.
ArnsHEIMER, H., New York City:
European Song Thrush.
AVERELL, Exxiorr, Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Sky Lark, Red Billed Hill-Tit.
AxieN, Mrs. G., New York City:
Canary.
Bacon, W. C., Milbrook, Dutchess Co., N. Y.:
2 Sapajous.
Batpwin, Mrs. Louise, New York City:
Java Monkey.
Bannon, Mrs. Tuomas J., New York City:
Maryland Yellow Throat.
BarNEwALt, A. V. R., Bocas del Toro, Republic of Panama:
14 Central American Frogs.
Barrs, Georce B., Roulette, Pa.:
Canadian Porcupine.
Becuret, W. A., New York City:
European Robin.
Becx, Henry, Woodhaven, N. Y.:
2 Meadow Larks.
Becker, JoHN F., Rochelle Park, N. Y.:
4 Sparrow Hawks.
Beprorp, H. M., New York City:
Salamander, Dragon Lizard.
Brenan, James J. Otisville. N. Y.:
Great Horned Owl.
Bett, E. L., Flushing, N. Y.:
11 Florida Garter Snakes, 1 Gopher Snake, 8 Ground Snakes, 10 Ribbon
Snakes, 10 Garter Snakes, 1 Ring-Neck, 2 Red Salamanders, 15 Mocca-
sins, 3 Water Snakes, 1 Horned Toad, 4 Copperhead Snakes, 15 Black
Snakes, 5 Dekay Snakes, 1 Milk Snake, 1 Pilot Black Snake. Total, 88 speci-
mens.
BErotzHEIMER, Master Cuaries, New York City:
2 Alligators.
Biren, H. G., Dan Creek, Alaska:
2 Franklin Spermophiles.
Birenatt, Mrs. F. T., Kingsbridge, N. Y.:
Southern Palm Tanager.
Bracxpurn, Mrs. A. H., Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y.:
15 Barbary Turtle Doves.
Bonat, Mrs. L., Middletown, Newport, R. I.:
Gray Parrot.
146 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Bostik, Franx, New York City:
2 Tovi Parrakeets.
Bouncer, Lewis, New York City:.
Blue Jay.
Bownisu, B. S., Demarest, N. J.:
Greenfinch.
Brirron, Mrs. N. L., New York City:
Raccoon.
Broves, Master Arruur, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Bronx Parkway Commission, New York City:
2 Snapping Turtles.
Brown, Barnum, Brooks, Alberta, Canada:
Lynx.
Busy, Horace G., Harriman, Orange County, N. Y.:
Gray Fox,
CarrareLta, Master AntHony, New York City:
Box Tortoise.
Carpenter, Miss AterHeA, Ossining, N. Y.:
1 Red-Billed Weaver, 1 Madagascar Weaver, 2 Bengalees, 1 Combasou,
1 Zebra Finch, 1 African Silver-Bill. Total, 7 specimens.
Carrer, Mrs. W. H., New York City:
Red Fox.
Cassazza, Cuartes JosepH, New York City:
2 Box Tortoises.
CarretLt, Master Owen, Garrison, New York:
Copperhead Snake, Hognosed Snake.
Cary, Mrs. Witt1am S., New York City:
Grass Parrakeet.
Cuarin, Miss L., New York City:
Spotted Salamander.
CuiLpren’s Museum (through Miss Anna B. Gallup, Curator), Bedford Park,
Brooklyn, N. Y.:
1 Rat Snake, 2 Swifts, 1 Horned Lizard, 3 Collared Lizards.
Cuemicat Fire Encine Company, Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
Snapping Turtle.
Cuinn, Georce, White Plains, N. Y.:
Lesser Sulphur-Crested Cockatoo.
Conen, J. Francis, New York City:
Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot.
Cor, M. S., New York City:
Linnet.
Conxun & Cummins, Goshen, N. Y.:
Barred Owl.
Crarkx, Master Cartos, New York City:
Snapping Turtle.
Craigie, Mrs. A, Waxtpote, New York City:
Flicker.
Crane, Mrs. Monror, Dover Plains, N. Y.:
2 Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrots.
CroneMEYER, Miss Ernert, New York City:
Gopher Turtle.
Crowrry, A. W., New York City:
Barbary Turtle Dove.
Cusu, Dr. J. F.. New York City:
Alligator.
Datey, G. Hersert, New York City:
Snapping Turtle.
Dasue, T. W., Arlington, N. J.:
2 St. Helena Waxbills.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 147
Day, A. Garnett, New York City:
Green-Wing Macaw, Greater Razor Billed Curassow.
. DeVry, C. B., Lincoln Zoological Park, Chicago, IIl.:
Central American Boa.
Drestat, Mirtam, Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Drrmars, R. L., Scarsdale, N. Y.:
1 Blind Salamander (Adelsburg Cave), 1 Bird Spider, 1 Giant Grasshopper,
1 Hognosed Snake, 2 Black Snakes, 3 Ring-Necked Snakes, 1 Spiny
Tenrec, 1 Long-Nosed Tenrec, 1 Argentine Armadillo, 1 Bennet Gal-
ago, 1 Greater Jerboas, 3 Rattlesnakes, 1 Black Snake, 1 Ring-Necked
Snake, 1 Water Snake, 11 Garter Snakes, 1 Pilot Snake, 3 Milk Snakes,
1 Storer Snake, 1 Green Snake, 1 Greater Katydid, Total, 41 specimens.
Downer, L. DeF., New York City:
Brown Thrasher.
Duet, Dr. ArtHur B., Holmes, N. Y.:
Great Horned Owl.
Epmonpson, Master Joun, New York City:
7 Dusty Salamanders, 15 Salamanders.
Exuis,, Eomunp anno Gui1an, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Eecrtine, Orro, New York City:
6 Cuarami Fish.
Eicumiz, G. D., New York City: °
Domestic Pigeon.
Encernarp, G. P., Brooklyn, New York:
3 Ameivas, 1 Anolis.
ENGINEERS OF THE Boarp or Water Suppty, Elmsford, N. Y.:
Black Snake.
Erwin, R. P., Boise, Idaho:
Horned Lizard.
Evrexa Fie Hose Company, New York City:
Lindheimer Snake.
Farrpanxs, A. S., New York City:
Black Duck.
Farrincton, Epwin R., Glendale, R. I.:
Green Snake.
Ferris, Miss M. O., Westchester, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Firzpatrick, Mr., New York City:
Opossum.
FLeckensteIn, Franx, New York City:
Cumberland Terrapin.
Forty, Mr., New York City:
Screech Owi.
Foopy, T. B., New York City:
1 Rattle Snake, 1 Black Snake, 11 Water Snakes, 2 Garter Snakes.
Forsom, Miss E. F., Lenox, Mass.:
Marmoset.
Fox, H. G., New Yor City:
Raccoon.
Frampacu, Mrs. Witiiam, Jersey City, N. J.:
South American Tortoise.
Franx, Miss Enna, New York City:
Northern Yellow Throat.
Freistncer, Mrs. Georce, New York City:
Ring-Tailed Sapajou.
Frost, A. D., Yonkers, N. Y.:
2 Wolves. :
148 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Gace, Master Jackson, Yonkers, N. Y.:
Opossum.
GanpinG, F. J., Canajoharie, N. Y.;
Holbcell Grebe.
Garety, Master Joun, New York City:
Iberian Tortoise.
Gennue6, Miss Epirn W., Flushing, N. Y.:
Gopher Tortoise.
Gittam, Arruur L., Flushing, N. Y.:
8 Ground Rattlesnakes, 10 Ribbon Snakes, 10 Florida Garter Snakes, 2
Garter Snakes, 15 Black Snakes, 15 Moccasins, 3 Water Snakes, 1
Horned Toad, 4 Copperhead Snakes, 16 Banded Water Snakes, 8 Banded
Rattlers. Total, 92 specimens.
Gitterr, Mrs. Henry. Wersrer, New York City:
Fox Sparrow.
Guimm, C. Monsey, New York City:
Rhesus Monkey.
GoxpenBerG, I. M., New York City:
Raccoon.
Granuam, Miss B. A., Natchitoches, La.:
4 Fence Swifts, 1 Red-Headed Lizard, 1 Green Snake.
Grannis, Herman W., Yonkers, N.Y.:
Golden Pheasant.
Green, Cot. E. H. R., New York City:
« Opossum.
GreENtaw, R. W., New York City:
2 Horned Lizards.
Greve, Grorce, New York City:
19 Garter Snakes.
Hatz, Jr., Frank A., New York City:
Silver Pheasant.
Hanan, 3rp, Master A. P., New York City:
2 Opossums.
Hanson Estate, New York City:
Barn Owl.
Harr, Mrs. L. M., New York City:
1 Grass Parrakeet, 1 Yellow Parrakeet, 2 White Javas, 1 Gray Java, 1 Saf-
fron Finch, 1 Lavender Finch, 2 White-Headed Mankins, 1 Bronze Man-
kin, 1 Red-Tailed Finch, 1 Bengallee, 1 Grassquit, 3 Weavers. Total,
16 specimens.
Heme, Wir1u1am F., New York City:
American Black Bear.
Herman, Dr. A. W., New York City:
Lindheimer Snake.
Hickey, Master Epwarp, New York City:
Alligator.
Hiesee, Mrs. S. C., New York City:
Hummingbird’s Nest.
Hirscu, Gustave, New York City:
American Redstart.
Hircucock, Mrs. Tuomas, Long Island:
White-Faced Sapajou.
Horxins, Joun B., Jersey City, N. J.:
Sharp-Shinned Hawk.
Hour, Renrrew & Company, Quebec, Canada:
Cross Fox.
Hovust, Watrer, Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
2 Snapping Turtles, 1 Musk Turtle, 1 Wood Tortoise, 1 European Starling.
Howxranp, Georce B., Specular, N. Y.:
Bald Eagle.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 149
HussarD, Mrs. S. A., New York City:
Box Turtle.
Hveerns, Georce F., Port of Spain, Trinidad, B. W. I.:
Anaconda.
Husty, H. C., New York City:
Alligator.
Horrer, Junius, St. Louis, Mo.:
Central American Boa.
JOHANNSEN, Henry, Roslindale, Mass.
Diamondback Terrapin.
Jounson, J. M., Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
7 Horned Lizards.
Karka, Franx, Greeley, Pa.:
Banded Rattlesnake.
Kerru, Sytvia, New York City:
American Sparrow Hawk.
Keier, Rozert H., New York City:
3 Strawberry Finches, 1 Pond Frog, 1 Painted Turtle.
Kesster, JULIAN, Westwood, N. J.:
American White Pelican.
Kicu, Anrnony, New York City:
Goldfinch-Canary hybrid.
Kuerer, ALFRED, New York City:
Garter Snake.
Kroc, Franx, New York City:
15 Salamanders.
' Kucx, Master Frep, Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Terrapin.
Kunuarpt, Mr., New York City:
* 1 Common ‘Troupial, 2 Yellow-Winged Sugar-Birds, 1 Green Tanager.
Kussrow, Henry, New York City:
Wood Tortoise. .
Kyrr, Herman, Yonkers, N. Y.:
Opossum.
Leon, Miss Sopuire, New York City:
Yellow-Naped Amazon, 2 Canaries.
Lee, Wituiam R., New Brunswick, N. J.:
American Sparrow Hawk.
Lewis, W. G., New York City:
Oven Bird.
LerkKeMANN, Master Siecrriep A. V., New York City:
Fence Swift.
Lincotn, C. L., Bridgeport, Conn.:
Copperhead Snake.
Lone, Mrs. A. Francis, New York City:
American Magpie.
Lutz, S., Demerest, N. J.:
Milk Snake.
Lutz, M. J., Bayonne, N. J.:
Chameleon.
McCarruy, Mrs., New York City:
Ring-Tailed Sapajou.
McCrovre, Mrs. H. H., New York City:
Ring-Tailed Sapajou.
McCuuskey, Greorce, New York City:
Virginia Rail.
McCrea, W. S., Chicago, IIL:
3 Blue Geese.
McDermorr, Bernarp J., New York City:
2 Silver Pheasants.
150 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Macvonatp, Mrs. Joun, Brooklyn, N, Y. C.:
Red-Billed Hill-Tit.
McGutory, Witu1am J., New York City:
3 White-Tailed Deer.
McKenvey, Mrs. R. H., Spuyten Duyvil, N. Y. C.:
Red-Tailed Hawk.
MacManon, Mr., New York City:
English Ringneck Pheasant.
MACKENSEN, Witu1Am J., Yardly, Pa.:
4 Black Vultures.
Maiwuor, Miss C., New York City:
Parula Warbler.
Mannine, T. J.. New York City:
Screech Owl.
Marcxres, G. M., Sharon, Conn.:
Pine Grosbeak.
Martin, Miss Anna, Weehawken, N. J.:
Alligator.
Mayer, Cuartes A., New York City:
Praying Mantis.
Maxwe tt, Mrs. E. A., Englewood, N. J.:
Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot.
Mersxke, Dr. H., Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
South American Giant Toad.
Meceatu, Miss Jessie, Ardsley_on-Hudson, N. Y.:
2 Raccoons.
Merryweatuer, Mrs. Cuarites A., New Rochelle, N. Y.:
1 Pair Undulated Parrakeets.
Merzcrr, F. G., Yulan, N. Y.:
Broad-Winged Hawk.
Mitier, Mrs. H., New York City:
4 Gray Squirrels.
Mittier, L. E.:
2 Wooley Monkeys, 1 Squirrel Monkey, 1 Golden Agouti.
Miter, Miss Paunine M., New York City:
Box Tortoise.
Mitter, Ratpu, New York City:
Canary.
Mitiwarp, Russert Hastines, New York City:
South American Red Squirrel, Variable Squirrel, White-Nosed Coati-Mundi.
Mirrenzwetr, Miss Karrine, New York City:
Alligator.
Morris, C. H., McConnelsville, Ohio:
2 Red-Tailed Hawks.
Morrison, D. L., New York City:
2 Alligators.
MviiurKxen, Cuamprin, Pelham, N. Y.:
_ Alligator,
Morrny, Parricx, New York City:
Woodchuck.
Morray, Haroip, Warwick, N. Y.:
1 Spotted Turtle, 1 Milk Snake, 11 Water Snakes, 5 Garter Snakes.
NaEGELEN, JosepH, New York City:
1 Central American Boa, 1 Ground Boa, 1 Central Americar. Boa, 1 Tree
Boa, 1 Opisthoglyph.
NeccersmirH, Hermie, New York City:
Turtle Dove.
Neitson, Ronerr, 3rp, Bronxdale, N. Y.:
2 Undulated Grass Parrakeets, 1 White Java Sparrow.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 151
New Yorx Catruoxic Prorecrory, New York City:
2 Rhesus Monkeys.
New York Qvuesracnuo Co., Greenpoint, L. IL.:
South American Toad.
Nicuots, J. T.. New York City:
Diamondback Terrapin.
Nicnots, J. W. P., Cold Springs, N. Y.:
. 3 Red Foxes.
Nirpirncer, Armonp, West Hoboken, N. J.:
Gray-Headed Amazon.
Niven, Arsert W., East Norwich, L. L.:
Tegu Salamander.
Oxson, Mrs. J.. Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
2 Alligators.
Orrtet, Dr. T. E., Augusta, Ga.:
King Snake.
Oastier, Mrs. F. R., New York City:
1 Canary, 1 Red-Billed Hill-Tit.
Ossorn, Miss JosepHINE, New York City:
3 Russian Racers.
Painter, Kenyon V., Cleveland, Ohio:
2 Black-Headed Conures, 1 Golden Crowned Conure, 1 Japanese Gray Thrush,
1 Orange-Spotted Bulbul, 2 Black-Eared Grosbeaks, 3 Red-Billed Pig-
eons, 1 Japanese Blue Flycatcher, 2 White-Throated Jay Thrushes.
Total, 13 specimens.
Paut, J. J.. Watertown, Fla.:
2 Florida Barred Owls, 2 Skunks, 3 Raccoons.
Perrer, M., Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
European Starling.
Pern, Mr., S. S. “Creole”? New York City:
American Bittern.
Persuaw, Mrs., New York City:
Bonneted Macaque.
Pererson, Master Anprew, New York City:
Wood Tortoise.
Pinto, Mrs. L., New York City:
Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot.
Pirr, Wizu1am, New York City:
Hutia.
Porrer, Mrs. A. L., New York City:
Song Thrush.
Priore, Vicror, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Prozgst, Master Wiiu1am, New York City:
4 Fence Swifts.
Prout, Mrs. J. S., Garden City, N. Y.:
American Robin.
Putten, C. D., New York City:
Guinea Pig.
Quinsy, Wit1t1am, White Plains, N. Y.:
Cinnamon Sapajou.
Ramsay, Mrs. O. E., Temple, Pa.:
Black-Hooded Sapajou.
Reacan, Master Wiiu1amM, New York City:
2 White Rabbits.
Reeves, Master Howerzt, New York City:
White Rabbit.
Rerrrin, JosepH, New York City:
White Rabbit. ‘
Rester, Apvotpn F., New York City:
3 Red Newts.
152 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Rice, Ratston F., New York City:
2 Red Lynx.
RosenBerG, JosepH, New York City:
2 Alligators.
Row anp, Mrs. E. D. M., New York City:
2 Alligators.
Russet, Ricwarp, Mount Holly Springs, Pa.:
2 Queen Snakes.
Sacus, Master Louis, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Sacre, Mrs. Mary Searzt, New York City:
Chipmunk.
SarGentT, Martin, Cache, Okla:
1 pair Coyotes, 4 Pack Rats, 1 Texas Rattlesnake, 2 Rattlesnakes.
Scuaver, Morris, New York City:
Box Turtle.
Scuoxipinc, Samuet, Yonkers, N. Y.:
Flicker.
Scupper, Masrer Townsenp, Glen Head, L. L.:
Raccoon.
SHEAHAN, JonHn F., New York City:
European Starling.
SicreE, Apert, New York City:
Angora Rabbit.
Sip Oxcorr INTERNATIONAL Propucrions, New York City:
Texas Rattlesnake.
Sicter, Mrs. L., New York City:
3 Canaries.
Simpson, Mrs: J.. New York City:
2 Alligators.
Smiru, A. H., Kingston, N. Y.:
Coyote.
Smiru, Purr, New York City:
Pilot Black Snake.
Smiru, Rosert, New York City:
Box Tortoise.
Suir, R., U. S. S. “Utah,” Brooklyn Navy eae Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Limpkin.
Snyper, Cuartes E., Scarsdale, N. Y.:
1 Wood Tortoise, 3 Storer Snakes, 3 Milk Snakes, 1 Spotted Salamander,
1 Green Snake, 9 Garter Snakes, 7 Ring-Necked Snakes. ‘Total, 25
specimens.
SoMMERMEYER, Mr., Passaic N. J.:
Red-Tailed Hawk.
SpeeNBuRGH, D. C., Hunter, N. Y.:
Woodchuck.
Spooner, Wiiu1iam H., New York City:
3 White-Tailed Deer.
Srarx, A. O., New York City:
American Egret, Snowy Egret.
Stessins, Miss D. H., New York City:
Wood Tortoise.
Stern, Morris, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
SteireL, M. S., New York City:
Red-Billed Hill-Tit.
Srone, Aran Apams, Falls Village, Conn.:
Mud Turtle.
Stuyvesant, Mrs. F. S., Bay Shore, N. Y.:
Alligator,
~
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 153
Suxttivan, Miss Lucy, New York City:
Box, Tortoise.
Summeruayes, Miss E., New York City:
Virginia Rail.
Swanson, Mrs. Matitpa, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Central American Gray Squirrel.
Swenson, Miss Anna, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Swinnerton, James, New York City:
Horned Rattlesnake.
Syxes, Mrs. G. H., Brooklyn N. Y. C.:
White-Faced Sapajou.
Tastes, M., New York City:
Flicker.
Tatamance, Mrs., New York City:
2 Alligators.
Taytor, Irvine, Orange, N. J.:
2 Green Monkeys.
Taytor, Samuext P., New York City:
American Sparrow Hawk.
Tuomas, Dr. Emery J.. New York City:
Marmoset, Shama Thrush.
THompson, Miss C., New York City:
Blue and Yellow Macaw.
Tompack, Maurice, New York City:
Alligator.
Toor, Mrs. W. H., Mount Vernon, Ness
Owl Monkey.
TriesnER, Jr. Louis, Lake George, N. Y.:
Screech Owl.
Tucker, Mrs. Franx, New Rochelle, N. Y.:
Undulated Grass Parrakeet.
VANDERBILT, W. K., New York City:
2 Ring-Tailed Monkeys.
VAN DER SmissEN, Dr. Gitpert J., New York City:
1 Wood Tortoise, 3 Storer Snakes, 9 Garter Snakes, 1 Spotted Salamander,
1 Green Snake, 7 Ring-Necked Snakes, 3 Milk Snakes. Total, 25 specimens.
Van Harrst, Jounn, New York City:
White-Faced Sapajou.
Van Loan, Cuaries, New York City:
2 Marble Salamanders, 1 Tree Frog, 34 Red Newts, 1 Spotted Salamander,
2 Red Salamanders, 2 Millipedes, 1 Slimy Salamander, 2 Red
Salamanders. Total, 45 specimens.
Van Norven, Miss J.. New York City:
1 Yellow-Fronted Amazon, 1 Blue-Winged Parrakeet.
VastenHOouw, J.. New York City:
Box Tortoise.
Vicrorius, L. M., New York City:
2 Alligators, 4 Cumberland Terrapins. 1 1 Painted Turtle.
VitiaLopos, Mrs. J. N., New York City:
Mockingbird.
Vosster, Mr., New York City:
Alligator.
Watpron, E. D., New York City:
Hooded Sapajou.
Waker, Henry H., New York City:
Guiana Cowbird.
Watry, Arruur Rinoitpo, New York City:
Orange Weaver.
154 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Warneck, JoHn E., Yonkers, N. Y.:
Gray Fox.
Weaver, Mrs. A. C., New York City:
2 Canaries.
Welsse, B., New York City:
Canary.
We ttirr, A. E., Manderson, Wyo.:
Prairie Rattlesnake.
Weis Farco & Co. Express, New York City:
Florida Gallinule.
Wenzet, EpMonp, New York City:
Puff Adder.
WessEL, Joun, New York City:
Alligator.
Wuirren, E. T., East Syracuse, N. Y.:
Massasauga.
Wuytranp, O. M., New York City:
Bald Eagle.
Wicut, Franx, Yonkers, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Wixpranec, Mrs., New York City:
Flicker.
Wituermy, Miss M., Hartford, Conn.:
Alligator.
Wirxinson, F. E., Merchantville, N. J.:
Mourning Dove.
WituiaMms, Mrs. Georce W., Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Coyote.
Worrap, A. C., Coram, L. I.:
Storer Snake.
Yates, Trevor C., New York City:
Painted Turtle, Pond Frog.
Younc, Mrs. A. B., New York City:
Canary. :
Zaun, Mrs. Warren W., New York City:
Sereech Owl.
ZanceNBERG, A. E., New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Ziprex, Apert, Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Plants
Baxer, Grorce F., Tuxedo, N. Yu:
2 Sanseveria zeylanica.
Frevver, Mrs. F., New York City:
Rubber Plant.
Levuort, G., New York City:
Rubber Plant.
Lives, Jr. Henry, Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
Rubber Plant.
Ovastren, Miss, New York City:
Euphorbia splendens.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 155
Park DepartTMENT Boroveu or Bronx, New York City:
2 Livistonia, 2 Pandanus utilis.
Turr anp Fretp Crus, Queens, N. Y. C.:
5 Kentias, 4 Chamaerops, 1 Livistonia australis, 2 Cycas revoluta, 6 Rubber
Plants, 6 Phoenix, 3 Rhapis, 2 Seaferthias, 15 Musa, 5 Curculigo,
2 Latania, 4 Dracaena indivisa.
Cu the Gallery of Oil Paintings
Frank K. Srureis, Mortimer L. Scuirr, Epwarp S. Harxness,
Percy R. Pyne, CrieveLtanpd H. Doneg, . Watson B. Dickerman,
LisPENARD STEWART, C. Lepyarp Burair, Joseph A. McALeenan.
Prong-Horned Antelope in Wyoming, by Carl Rungius, size 60 x 75 inches.
Mule Deer in the Montana Bad-Lands, by Carl Rungius, size 60 x 75 inches.
Snow Leopard in the Himalayas, by Charles R. Knight, size 32 x 46 inches.
Jaguar, by Charles R. Knight, size 32 x 46 inches.
Portrait of Female Gorilla, “Dinah,” by Carl Rungius, size 30 x 36 inches.
Gn the National Collection of Geads and Gorns
Girts:
CatiBrEATH, J. Franx, Telegraph Creek, British Columbia:
Black Mountain Sheep (Ovis stonei). Horns on Skull.
Oepen, Cuas. W., New York:
Scotch Red Deer (Cervus elaphus). Scotland Mounted Head.
Sauter, Frep., New York:
White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Nova Scotia Antlers.
Taytor, Irvine K., New York:
Nile, or Abyssinian Buffalo (Bos equinoctialis). Kaka, White Nile, Mounted
Head.
Deposits:
By tue Estate or Bartietr Ricwarps, through Edmond Seymour:
Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Mounted Head.
By A. P. Procror:
Rocky Mountain Big Horn Sheep (Ovis canadensis). 4 Mounted Heads.
PURCHASES:
German Roebuck (Capreolus caprea), Horns. German Roebuck (Capreolus
caprea), Horns. Fallow Deer (Dame vulgaris), Germany, Antlers. White-
Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Minnesota, Mounted Head. Sable
Antelope (Hippotragus niger), Horns on Skull. White-Tailed Deer,
Nova Scotia, Antlers. White-Tailed Deer, Series of 15 pairs of Antlers,
from Texas.
List of Gifts
TO THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
January 1, 1914, to December 31, 1914.
TO THE AQUARIUM.
Awnopreas, Miss A., New York City:
Alligator.
AppLecaTe, Mr. H. R., Rahway, N. J.:
Alligator (2 specimens).
Batentine, Mr. D. H., New York City:
Albino Catfish (2 specimens).
Banxs, Mr. M., Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Painted Turtle.
Barbee, Mr. A. M., Savannah, Georgia:
3 Diamondback Terrapin, 2 Box Turtles.
Barttett, Mr. Puiu H., New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Bassrorp, Mr. THomas S., New York City:
Green Turtle.
Baum, Mr. E., Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Alligator.
Bexter, Mr. Witi1am F., New York City:
Chanelled Whelk (2 specimens).
Bermupa Bureau or Agricutture, (Through Mr. E. J. Wortley, Director),
Paget, East, Bermuda:
15 Blue Angelfishes, 1 Surgeon-Fish, 3 Coneys, 13 Squirrelfishes, 5 Blue-
striped Grunts, 2 Mud Parrotfishes, 11 Red Hind, 7 Nassau Groupers, 3
Spiny Lobsters, 3 Bream. Total, 63 specimens.
Bocarr, Mrs. Marie, Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Red Salamander (3 specimens).
Conen, Mr. Jacos, New York City:
Wood Turtle.
Dasu, Mr. C. L., New York City:
Loggerhead Turtle.
Dovenerty, Miss Dororny, Rosebank, S. I., N. Y.:
Painted Turtle (2 specimens).
Down, Miss Krrry, Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Bull Frog (2 specimens).
Ecxert, Mr. A., New York City:
Sea Horse.
Frick, Mr. Grorce H., New York City:
Alligator.
Gupert, Mr. J., New York City:
Alligator (2 specimens).
GorrsLeBEN, Mr. Emir, Nassau, Bahamas:
Hawksbill Turtle.
Greenstein, Mr. Lewis, New York City:
Cumberland Turtle.
Gropinsky, Mr. Bensamin, New York City:
Box Tortoise.
Horitensack, Mrs. W. F., New York City:
Alligator.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 157
Harris, Mr. Cuarztes, New York City:
Diamondback Terrapin (2 specimens).
Herrete, Mapam Berry, New York City:
German Frog (2 specimens).
Herz, Mr. Josepu, New York City:
Crayfish.
Hosonor, Mr. Leo, Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Painted Turtle.
Kercuam, Mr. Irvine W., Glenhead, Long Island, N. Y.:
6 Marbled Salamanders, 1 Frog.
Kavup, Mr. W. W., Tamaqua, Pa.:
Alligator.
Krause, Miss Mirprep, New York City:
Alligator.
Kruser, Mr. Parmer, Staten Island, N. Y.:
Painted Turtle.
Larro, Mr. Lawrence, New York City:
Alligator (2 specimens).
LeicuH, Mr. R. W., New York City:
12 Common Goldfishes, 1 Comet Goldfish.
Luoyp, Mr. Cuester, Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
2 Lionhead Goldfishes, 2 Devil-Eyed Goldfishes, 1 Celestial Goldfish, 2 Black
Dragon-Eyed Goldfishes, 1 Calico Telescope Goldfish, 1 Mottled Calico
Goldfish, 1 Tiger Telescope Goldfish, 3 Fringetail Goldfishes, 7 East Indian
Shubunkins. Total, 20 specimens.
Lutxins, Mr. T. L., Jr., New York City:
Alligator (2 specimens).
MacCatium, Dr. C. A., New York City:
7 Spotted Turtles, 8 Painted Turtles.
MacSortey, Mr. Ray F., New York City:
Loggerhead Turtle.
Mayer, Dr. A. C., Dry Tortugas, Florida:
Young Loggerhead Turtles (11 specimens).
Mituer, Mr. W., Colonial Surveyor, Surveyor-General’s Office, Nassau, Bahamas:
Tree Toads (6 specimens).
OsBorne, Mrs. Frepertck Kine, New York City:
Green Turtle.
Parron, Mr. Norman, New York City:
Alligator.
Prerers, Mr. Jonn, New York City:
Horseshoe Crab.
Petersen, Mr. E. E., New York City:
2 Chameleons, 2 Brazilian Turtles.
Perry, Mr. Georcet B., Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Alligator.
Tuomprson, Mr. W. O., New York City:
Alligator.
TravittaA Brotuers, Minneapolis, Minn.:
Sea Lion (2 specimens).
U. S. Burgav or Fisnertes, Washington, D. C.:
5,000 Rainbow Trout Eggs, 5,000 Brook Trout Eggs, 100,000 Whitefish Eggs,
1,000,000 Yellow Perch Eggs, 10,000 Black-spotted Trout Eggs, 1,000
Land-locked Salmon Eggs. Total number of Fish Eggs received,
1,121,000.
VisHNEFSKI, Mr. Harry, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Wasxow, Mr. Axsert, Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Goldfish (2 specimens).
WEIsENBERGER, Mrs. A., Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Loggerhead Turtle.
158 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Gn the Aquarimm Library
AMERICAN Museum or Naturat History, New York City:
Annual Reports and Journals.
Brooktyn Institute or Arts aNp Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y. C.:
Annual Reports and “Museum News.”
Bureau or Fisuertes (through Dr. H. M. Smith, Commissioner), Washington,
DEC
Reports and Bulletins for 1914.
Carnecie Institution or WasHineton, Washington, D. C.:
Special papers.
Inurnois State Lagporatory or Natura Hisrory (through Dr. S. A. Forbes, Di-
rector), Urbana, IIlL.:
Publications for 1914.
Kansas Strate Fish anp Game Department (through L. L. Dyche, Warden),
Pratt, Kansas:
Reports and Bulletins for 1914.
Jenninos, Mr. G. E., New York City:
“Fishing Gazette.”
New York Conservation Commission (through Dr. T. H. Bean, State Fish Cul-
turist), Albany, N. Y.:
Publications for 1914, ;
New Yorx Stare Museum (through John M. Clark, Director), Albany, N. Y.:
Special papers.
PENNSYLVANIA DeparTMENT or AGricuLturE, Division or Zootocy (through Dr.
H. A. Surface), Harrisburg, Pa.:
Economic Amphibians of Pennsylvania.
Vireinta Fisu Commisston (through John S. Parsons, Commissioner), Accomac,
Va.:
Reports for 1914.
Wineats, Mr. Haroxtp, New York City:
Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
Brown, Mr. A. C., Copake, N. Y.:
500,000 Yellow Perch eggs, 12 Rock Bass, 23 Sunfishes, 20 Suckers, 2 Cat-
fishes, 8 Pickerel, 1 Snapping Turtle.
Exchanges
Derrorr Aquartum (through R. J. Conway, Director), Detroit, Michigan:
6 Whitefishes, 12 Pike Perch, 4 Burbot, 8 Red Horse Suckers, 15 Suckers, 18
White Catfishes, 14 Spotted Catfishes, 2 Catfishes, 42 Rock Bass, 5 Sun-
fishes, 14 White Bass.
“Forest anp Stream” (through W. G. Beecroft, Editor), New York City:
90 Brook Trout.
Hacenseckx, Mr. Lorenz, Hamburg, Germany:
20 Spur Frogs.
Haurerseck, Mr. J. J.. New York City:
2 Platyposes, 2 xiphophorus, 2 Poecilia sponops.
New York Conservation Commission (through Dr. T. H. Bean, State Fish Cul-
turist), Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y.:
30 Rainbow Trout. :
Fammount Park Aquarium (through Wm, E. Meehan, Supt.), Philadelphia, Pa.:
42 Calico Bass.
CHARTER
OF THE
-NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
CHAPTER 435, LAWS OF 1895.
AN ACT to incorporate the New York Zoological Society and to provide for the
establishment of a zoological garden in the city of New York.
As amended by Chapter 146 of the Laws of 1902; and by Chapter 240 of the
Laws of 1910.
See Chapter 432 of the Laws of 1900.
See Chapter of the City of New York, Secton 626 of the Laws of 1901.
The People of the. State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly,
do enact as follows:
Secrion 1. Charles A. Dana, Oswald Ottendorfer, Andrew H. Green, William
H. Webb, Henry H. Cook, Samuel D. Babcock, Charles. R. Miller, George G.
Haven, J. Hampden Robb, Frederick W. DeVoe, J. Seaver Page, Rush C. Haw-
kins, David James King, Wager Swayne, Charles A. Peabody, Jr., Charles E.
Whitehead, Charles R. Flint, Samuel Parsons, Jr.. Mornay Williams, Henry E.
Gregory, Isaac W. Maclay, Isaac Rosenwald, Hugh N. Camp, Andrew D. Parker,
Cornelius Van Cott, William F. Havemeyer, Frederick Shonnard, William W.
Thompson, Alexander Hadden, Edward L. Owen, John H. Starin, Rush S. Huide-
koper, William W. Goodrich, Albert H. Gallatin, Frederick S. Church, Edward
C. Spitzka, Robert L. Niles, Madison Grant, C. Grant La Farge, William Van
Valkenburg, and such other persons as may, under the provisions of its by-laws,
become members of the corporation hereby credted, are hereby created a body
corporate and politic, by and under the name of the New York Zoological Society.
Sec. 2. Said corporation shall have power to establish, maintain and control
zoological parks, gardens, or other collections for the promotion of zoology and
kindred subjects, and for the instruction and recreation of the people. Said cor-
poration may collect, hold, and expend funds for zoological research and publica-
tion, for the protection of wild animal life, and for kindred purposes, and may
promote, form, and co-operate with other associations with similar purposes, and
may purchase, sell, or exchange animals, plants, and specimens appropriate to the
objects for which it was created.
Sec. 3. The managers of said corporation shall have power to make and
adopt by-laws for the management and government of its affairs and business,
for the admission, suspension, and expulsion of its members, and for the terms
and conditions of membership; to prescribe the number and mode of election of
its officers; to define their duties; to provide for the safe-keeping of its property,
and from time to time to alter and modify its by-laws.
Sec. 4. The affairs and business of said corporation shall be managed and
controlled by a board of managers, the number of whom shall be prescribed by
the by-laws. The first board of managers shall be divided by lot into three
classes, equal in number, one of which classes shall hold office for one year, an-
other for two years, and the other for three years; and all persons elected to be
managers at any subsequent election shall hold office for three years, and until
others are elected in their stead. There shall be a president, two vice-presidents,
treasurer and secretary, to be elected by the board of managers annually, who
shall hold office until others are elected in their stead. The first meeting under
160 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
this act may be held at any time upon a notice of five days, signed by any five
of the incorporators named in the first section of this act, fixing a time and place
for such meeting, a copy whereof shall be mailed to each of said incorporators at
his usual post-office address, and twelve of such incorporators shall be a quorum
for the purpose of organization, adoption of by-laws, and election of officers. No
manager of said corporation shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in any con-
tract concerning its property or affairs.
Sec. 5. Said corporation may raise money by the issue of bonds, secured
by a mortgage on any or all of its property not acquired from said city or state.
Src. 6. Said corporation may take, purchase, and hold real and personal
estate necessary for the purpose of its incorporation, and shall possess the general
powers and be subject to the restrictions and liabilities prescribed in Article IT
of Chapter 23 of the Consolidated Laws entitled “General Corporation Law,”
being chapter 28 of the Laws of 1909.
Sec. 7. The commissioners of the sinking fund of the said city are authorized
in their discretion to allot, set apart, and appropriate for the use of said corpora-
tion, any of the lands belonging to said city north of One Hundred and Fifty-
fifth street, but not in the Central Park, and such appropriation may be revoked
if, after the expiration of five years from the passage of the sact, a zoological
garden is not established thereon; said grounds thus set apart and appropriated
shall be used for no purpose whatsoever except those aforesaid. As soon as any
lands are set apart the Mayor of the said city of New York, and the President
of the Department of Parks of said city, shall become and be ew-officio members
of the board of managers of said corporation. If at any time the animals now
composing the menagerie at Central Park shall be removed therefrom by the
authorities having charge thereof, said authorities may make an arrangement
with the incorporators named in this act or the corporation formed by them for
leasing or sale of such animals to such incorporators or corporation, and said
incorporators or corporation shall have a preference over any other person or
corporation in respect thereto upon the same terms which said authorities could
make with any such other person or corporation, or upon such other terms as to
such authorities may seem proper, but nothing herein provided shall be construed
as giving the commissioners of the Department of Public Parks authority to sell,
lease, transfer, or in any other wise dispose of said animals or other property
connected with or belonging to said menagerie.
Sec. 8. Admission to the said gardens shall be free to the public for at least
four days, one of which shall be Sunday, in each week, subject to such rules and
regulations as shall be prescribed by said corporation.
Sec. 9. This act shall take effect immediately.
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AND THE
NEW YORK AQUARIUM
CHAPTER 441. LAWS OF 1902.
AN ACT to authorize a further appropriation to the New York Zoological
Society for the support of the New York Aquarium.
As amended by Chapter 239 of the Laws of 1910.
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly,
do enact as follows:
Chapter four hundred and forty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred and two,
entitled “An act to authorize a further appropriation to the New York Zoological
Society for the support of the New York Aquarium,” is hereby amended to read
as follows:
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 161
Section 1, The Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New
York may annually, in its discretion, include in the budget for the then next en-
suing financial year, in addition to any sum or sums which may be appropriated
for the adequate support and maintenance of the New York Zoological Park or
gardens, situated in the borough of the Bronx, and administered and controlled
by the New York Zoological Society, a further sum or sums, in its discretion, for
the use of the said New York Zoological Society, provided, however, that the addi-
tional appropriation hereby authorized shall be made only in case an agreement
is entered into between the said New York Zoological Society and the city of New
York, acting by its Board of Estimate and Apportionment for the adequate keep-
ing, maintenance, extension, preservation and exhibition of the building and ap-
proaches thereto and collection of aquatic animals and plants contained therein,
_known as the New York Aquarium, situated in the Battery park in the Borough
of Manhattan in said city, and also for furnishing opportunities for study, re-
search and publication in connection with said collections, which contract the said
Board of Estimate and Apportionment is hereby expressly authorized, in its
discretion, to make upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon with
the said New York Zoological Society, and which contract shall also provide how
the duty of the commissioner of parks for the boroughs of Manhattan and Rich-
mond in respect to maintaining the said aquarium now imposed upon him by
law shall be performed.
Sec. 2. This act shall take effect immediately.
BY-LAWS
OF THE
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AMENDED TO JANUARY 21, 1914.
ARTICLE I.
MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY.
Secrion 1. The office and place of business of the New York Zoological
Society shall be in the City of New York, unless otherwise ordered.
Src. 2. The Society shall hold its annual meeting for the election of Man-
agers, and other business, on the second Tuesday of January, or such day there-
after during the month of January to which said+ annual meeting shall adjourn.
Src. 3. Special meetings of the Society shall be called by the Secretary, upon
the request of the President or the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or at
the written request of ten members.
Sec. 4. Notices of all meetings shall be mailed to each member of the Society
at least three days before such meeting.
Sec. 5. At meetings of the Society twenty members shall constitute a quorum.
Sec. 6. The order of business shall be as follows:
1. Roll Call.
2. Reading of minutes not previously read.
3. Report of Executive Committee.
4. Report of Secretary.
5. Report of Treasurer.
6. Report of the Director of the Zoological Park.
7. Report of Director of the Aquarium.
8. Election of Managers.
9. Communications.
10. Miscellaneous business.
11. Reports and resolutions.
ARTICLE II.
BOARD OF MANAGERS,
Src. 1. The Board of Managers shall consist of thirty-six members, together
with the Mayor of New York and President of the Park Board, or Commissioner
for the Bronx, who shall be members ev-officio of the Board.
Sec. 2, Nineteen Managers shall constitue a quorum, but ten Managers may
transact current business, and adjourn, subject to the subsequent approval of a
meeting at which a quorum shall be present.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 163
Sec. 3. The Board of Managers shall hold an annual meeting on the third
Tuesday of January, or on such day thereafter to which said annual meeting shall
adjourn. Regular meetings of the Board may also be called by the Secretary on
the third Tuesdays of October and April upon the request of the President or
Chairman of the Executive Committee. Special meetings of the Board shall be
called at any time by the Secretary upon the request of the President or Chair-
man of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of five Managers.
Sec. 4. Notices of meetings of the Board shall be mailed to each Manager
at least three days before such meetings.
Sec. 5. The successors to the outgoing class of Managers shall be elected by
the Society at its annual meeting, but vacancies in the board may be filled for the
unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee.
Sec. 6. A Nominating Committee shall be annually appointed by the Execu-
tive Committee, and shall consist of three members of the Society at large, who
shall nominate and post ten days before the annual election the names of twelve
persons to succeed the outgoing class of Managers in a conspicuous place in the
office of the Society.
Sec. 7. No person shall be eligible for the election to the Board of Managers,
except to fill vacancies, unless his name shall have been posted as a candidate
by such committee, or by not less than ten members, in writing, in a conspicuous
place in the office of the Society ten days before the annual election. All candi-
dates for election as Managers must be Life Members, Patrons, Associate Found-
ers, or Founders of the Society.
Sec. 8. Any Manager who shall fail to attend three consecutive meetings of
the Board, unless excused by a vote of the Board, shall cease to be a Manager.
Sec. 9. The Board of Managers shall at its annual meeting elect a President,
two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall hold office for one
year, or until their successors are elected. The President, Vice-Presidents, and
Treasurer shall be members of the Board.
Sec. 10. The Director of the Zoological Park, the Director of the Aquarium,
and all other persons employed by the Society, shall be appointed by the Board
or by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office during the pleasure of the
Board.
Sec. 11. The Board shall, at its annual meeting, elect an Executive Com-
mittee and Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year, or until
their successors are elected. The Board of Managers and the Executive Com-
mittee shall also have authority to appoint such other Committees or officers as
they may at any time deem desirable, and to delegate to them such powers as
may be necessary.
Sec. 12. The order of business of the meetings of the Board shall be as
follows:
. Roll Call.
Reading of minutes not previously read.
. Report of Executive Committee.
Report of Secretary.
. Report of Treasurer.
. Report of Auditing Committee.
- Report of Director of Zoological Park.
. Report of the Director of the Aquarium.
. Election of Officers.
10. Election of Committees.
11. Election of new members.
12. Communications.
13. Miscellaneous business.
ODA WW eH
164 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Sec. 13. All reports and resolutions shall be in writing, and the ayes and
nays may be called on any resolution at the request of one Manager.
Sec. 14. Whenever the funds of the Society shall permit, the Board of Man-
agers or the Executive Committee may award medals or other prizes for merito-
rious work connected with the objects of the Society.
ARTICLE III.
OFFICERS.
Sec. 1. The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two Vice-
Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a Director of the Zoological Park.
These Officers, with the exception of the Director, shall be elected at the annual
meeting of the Board of Managers, but any vacancy may be filled for an unex-
pired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee, until the
next annual election.
Sec. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of the
Society, and shall be ex-officio a member of the Executive and Auditing Com-
mittees.
Sec. 3. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform
his duties and possess his powers, acting in the order of their election.
Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall receive, collect and hold, subject to the order
of the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, all dues, subscriptions,
warrants from the City, fees and securities. He shall pay all bills as ordered by
the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and shall report to the
Society at its annual meeting, and to the Board of Managers at all regular meet-
ings, and to the Executive Committee at each meeting. He shall keep all moneys
and securities in some bank or trust company to be approved by the Board of
Managers or Executive Committee. The books of the Society shall at all times
be open to the inspection of the Managers.
Sec. 5. The Secretary shall be a salaried officer of the Society. He shall be
present, unless otherwise relieved by the Board or Executive Committee, at all
meetings of the Society, of the Board and of the Standing Committees. He shall
keep a careful record of all proceedings, shall have the custody of the seal,
archives and books, other than books of account, and shall conduct the corre-
spondence of the Society. He shall issue all notices and tickets, and shall per-
form such other duties as the Board may direct. He shall be a member ev-officio
of the Executive, Aquarium, and Auditing Committees, and of the Scientific
Council.
Sec. 6. The Director of the Zoological Park shall be elected annually by the
Executive Committee at a salary to be determined by said Committee, and shall
hold office until removed or his successor chosen by said Committee. He shall
be the responsible administrative officer of the Park, and shall recommend to
the Executive Committee candidates for the various positions in the Park. He
shall also perform all such other duties in connection with the business, scientific,
and literary administration of the Society as may be assigned to him by the
Executive Committee.
Sec. 7. The Director of the Aquarium shall be elected annually by the
Executive Committee and shall hold office until removed or his successor is
chosen by said Committee. He shall be the responsible administrative officer of
the Aquarium, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee all candidates
for positions in the Aquarium. The director of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio
a member and Chairman of the Aquarium Committee. He shall perform such
other duties in connection with the Aquarium as may be assigned to him by the
Executive Committee.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 165
ARTICLE IV.
COMMITTEES.
Sec. 1. There shall be two standing committees, the Executive Committee
and the Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year or until their
successors are elected.
Src. 2. The Executive Committee shall consist of seven Managers, together
with the President and Secretary of the Society ex-officio. Four members shall
constitute a quorum, and all meetings shall be called by the Chairman. The
Executive Committee shall fill all vacancies in its own number and shall have the
full powers of the Board of Managers, except so far as such delegation of power
may be contrary to law.
Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall have the control and regulation of
the collections, library, and all other property of the Society, and shall have
power to purchase, sell, and exchange specimens and books, to employ and control
all officials and employees of the Society, Park, and Aquarium, and generally
to carry out in detail the directions of the Board of Managers and the terms of
any contract between the City, or Park Board, and the Society.
Sec. 4. All the rules and regulations for the examination of applicants for
the various positions in the Park and Aquarium shall be made or approved by
the Executive Committee.
Sec. 5. The Executive Committee may regulate the auditing and payment
for all current accounts. :
Sec. 6. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium Com-
mittee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Section II of Article IV of
these By-Laws.
Sec. 7. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Nominating Com-
mittee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Sections 6 and 7, Article II, of
these By-Laws.
Sec. 8. It shall also appoint a Scientific Council, whose powers and duties
are set forth in Section 2 of Article V of these By-Laws.
Sec. 9. The Committee shall make a written report at each regular meeting
of the Board of Managers.
Sec. 10. The Auditing Committee shall consist of three regular members of
the Society, in addition to the President and Secretary, members ex-officio, and
vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. It shall be the duty of
the Auditing Committee to audit, annually, the accounts of the Treasurer, of the
Director of the Zoological Park, and of the Director of the Aquarium, and any
other accounts of the Society, and shall report to the Board of Managers at its
annual meeting.
Sec. 11. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium
Committee, not to exceed eight members of this Society, who shall hold office until
their successors are chosen. All vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Com-
mittee. The Director of the Aquarium shall be ez-officio a member and the
Chairman of the Aquarium Committee, and such Committee may vest in him
any or all of its powers. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the
Secretary of the Society shall also be ex-officio members of the Aquarium Com-
mittee. Three members shall constitute a quorum. The Executive Committee
may delegate to the Aquarium Committee such powers as it may deem proper.
166 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ARTICLE V.
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL.
Sec. 1. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Scientific Council
of not more than ten members, and shall fill all vacancies. Members of the
Council shall hold office until their successors are appointed.
Sec. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to act as an advisory board in all
matters pertaining to the scientific administration of the Society, and especially
as to the scientific features of the Park, the promotion of zoology by publications
and otherwise, and the preservation of the native fauna of America.
Sec. 3. Four members, including the Chairman, shall constitute a quorum.
The Chairman shall be elected annually by the Council. The Chairman of the
Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall be members ex-officio
of the Council.
ARTICLE VI.
MEMBERS.
Sec. 1. The present members and such others as shall become associated
with them, under the conditions prescribed by the By-Laws, shall be members of
this Society as long as they shall comply with the By-Laws.
-Sec. 2. Members failing to comply with these By-Laws, or for other good
and sufficient cause, may be expelled from the Society by the Executive Com-
mittee.
Sec. 3. Candidates for membership shall be proposed and seconded by mem-
bers of the Society. The name, occupation, and place of residence of every
member as proposed shall be submitted for election to the Board of Managers or
the Executive Committee, and such person, when, elected, shall become a member
upon payment of the annual dues, or of the fees as prescribed below.
Src, 4. There shall be a class known as Fellows, which shall consist of
members of the Society who have rendered marked services to science, and shall
be chosen by the Executive Committee. The privileges of Fellows shall be in all
respects the same as those of regular members of the Society, but they shall be
exempt from the payment of annual dues.
Sec. 5. The annual dues shall be ten dollars, payable in advance, on the
first day of May of each year, but the Executive Committee may remit the dues
for the current year in the case of members elected between January Ist and May
Ist of each year. ‘The classes of membership shall be as follows:
Sec. 6. The payment of $200 at one time shall constitute any member a Life
Member.
A member who has paid annual dues for a period of five years may there-
after, at any time, upon the payment of the difference between the amount of
dues already paid and $200, become a Life Member, but such payment shall be
not less than $100.
Sec. 7. The payment of $1,000 at one time, or in the case of a Life Member,
of $800, shall constitute any member a Patron,
Sec. 8. The payment of $2,500 at one time, or in the case of a Patron of
$1,500, or of a Life Member of $2,300, shall constitute any member an Associate
Founder.
Sec. 9. Any member who shall donate to the Society $5,000, or property
of equal value, or any Associate Founder who shall donate $2,500, or any Patron
who shall donate $4,000, may be elected by the Board of Managers or Executive
Committee a Founder.
NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 167
Sec. 10. Any member who shall have donated to the Society ten thousand
dollars ($10,000), or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers
or the Executive Committee a Founder in Perpetuity. Such Founder in Per-
petuity shall have the power to designate by a last will and testament his suc-
cessor, who shall thereupon be entitled to all the rights and privileges of the
original Founder in Perpetuity, including. the right of designating in turn his
successor.
Sec. 11. Any member who shall have donated to the Society $25,000, or its
equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee,
a Benefactor. Benefactors shall have the rights and privileges of a Founder in
Perpetuity. >
Sec. 12. Persons who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology
or natural history may be elected Honorary Members, but not more than three
such Honorary Members shall be elected in any one calendar year.
Sec. 18. A resident member who shall have rendered marked scientific or
professional services to the Society in any branch of its work may be elected by
the Executive Committee a Life Member, Patron, Associate Founder, or Founder.
A resident of New York who shall have rendered marked service in zoology or
natural history may be elected by the Executive Committee a Permanent Fellow.
Sec. 14. Non-residents who communicate valuable information to the Society,
or who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history,
may be elected Corresponding Members.
Sec. 15. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Found-
ers, Patrons, Life Members, Honorary Members, Permanent Fellows, Fellows,
and Corresponding Members shall be be exempt from annual dues.
ARTICLE VII.
PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS.
Sec. 1. A member’s ticket admits the member and his immediate family to
the Park on reserve days, and to all lectures and special exhibitions, and may be
used by the member’s immediate family, and shall be good for the current year.
Sec. 2. Admission tickets to the Park and Aquarium on reserve days are
issued to members for distribution, and are good for the current year.
Sec. 3. Each member of the Society is entitled annually to a member’s ticket
and to ten admission tickets.
Sec. 4. Each member shall also receive one copy of the catalogue or hand-
book, the report and official publication of the Society, and shall have all the
privileges of the Library and Member’s Building.
Sec. 5. No member shall be entitled to the ie enumerated in this
Article unless his annual dues shall have been paid.
Sec. 6. The Life Members shall have all the privileges of members and ten
additional admission tickets.
Sec. 7. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Founders
and Patrons shall have all the privileges of Life Members, and shall in addition
receive copies of all scientific works published by the Society.
Sec. 8. Any member who shall fail to pay his annual dues within three
months after the same shall have become due, and after notice of thirty days, by
mail, shall cease to be a member of the Society; subject, however, to reinstatement
by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee for good cause shown.
168.-- NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Sec. 9. Any person elected to membership who shall fail to qualify within
three months after notice of his election shall be considered to have declined his
election; but such term may be extended by the Board of Managers, or Executive
Committee.
ARTICLE VIII.
FINANCES,
Sec. 1. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be the calendar year com-
mencing January Ist and ending December 31st.
Sec. 2. Neither the Society nor any of its Managers or Officers shall con-
tract any debt which, with existing debts, shall exceed in amount the funds then
in the Treasury, except to meet expenditures for which the City is liable, and for
which the Society will be reimbursed by warrants from the Comptroller’s office.
ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS.
Sec. 1. Amendments to these By-Laws may be proposed, in writing, at any
meeting of the Board of Managers, and adopted by unanimous consent of the
Managers present, or if such proposed amendment shall fail to receive unanimous
consent, the Secretary shall, with the notices of the next meeting, send a copy
of it to each Manager and state that it will be brought up for action at such
meeting, when it may be passed by a majority vote.
Iudex
Account, income, 42 photography and publication, 103
Amphibians, list of, 85 privilege, 97
Animal census, 40 prosector’s, 53
Animal hospital, 49 reptiles, 84
Animal paintings, 52, 70 deRham, H. Casimir, 47
Animals, new, 39 Dickerman, Waison B., 52
Aquarium collection, 40 Dodge, Cleveland H., 52
Aquarium collection, census of, 41
Aquarium committee, 12
Art committee, 52 Everuant, Gunda, 40, 65
Attendance, Aquarium, 38, 127 Expedition, Crandall, 50
Park, 38, 62 gorilla, 49
Auditors’ certificate, 143 Mowbray, 50
Auxiliary, Ladies’, 45 tour of veterinarians, 50
Beese, C. William, 46, 53, 79 Frerp, William B. Osgood, 47
Beerbower, George M. 101 Finances, 41 - ;
Births, 75 Forests and plantings, 95
Blair, C. Ledyard, 52 Fund, animal, 41
Blair, W. Reid, 50, 76, 117 Cadwalader animal, 41, 45
Carnegie pension, 42, 47
endowment, 42, 45
endowment, income account, 41, 45
ground improvement, 48
heads and horns, 42
Capwataper, John L., 37, 45, 58
Carnegie, Andrew, 47, 68
Carnegie pension fund, 47, 68 improvement and repair, 48
Census, animal, 40, 88 cca account, 41 Pree
Aquarium collection, 41 library, 42
bird, 83 :
mammals, 76
reptiles and amphibians, 88
Charter, 159
Clark, George C., 47
Collection, Aquarium, 40, 119
Aquarium, summary of, 41
maintenance, 46
maintenance Aquarium, 46
pension, income account, 42
Stokes’ bird, 42, 46
wild life protection, 42
future developments, 105
Park, 39
Park, Summary of, 40 Garner, R. L., 49
Commission, Bronx Parkway, 54 Gifts, Aquarium, 129, 156
Construction work, 49
Costain, E. H., 89
Crandall, Lee S., 50, 79
Aquarium library, 158
heads and horns, 155
oil paintings, 155
Park, 73, 145
plants, 154
Dearus, important, 75 Gorilla, 49
Department, Grant, Madison, 68
administration, 96
birds, 79
engineering, 101 Harkness, Edward S., 52
forestry, 53, 89 Heads and Horns, 70
insect, 88 Hornaday, Dr. William T., 46, 105
mammal, 70 Huntington, Dr. George S., 53
170 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
IMPROVEMENT’, 43
Jesup, Mrs. Morris K. 45
Kuser, Col. Anthony R., 46
Laporatory, 54
Langeloth, Jacob, 45
McAteenan, Joseph A., 52
Maintenance and repairs, 94
Maintenance, Aquarium, 46
Maintenance, Park, 46
Managers, board of, 56
Meetings, 55, 56—
Membership, 37
Membership, summary of, 38
Merkel, Hermann W., 47, 89
Mitchell, H. R., 47, 96
Mitchell, Wm., 96
Morris, Lewis R., 47
Mowbray, L. L., 50
Osrruary, 58
Officers, Aquarium, 12
Park, 12
Society, 11
Osburn, R. C., 47
PaintiInGs, animal, 52, 70
Pension fund, Carnegie, 47, 68.
Pension board, 47
Pheasant monograph, 53
Plant, Turf and Field Club, 55
Police and the Public, 63
Privilege building, 97
Protection, walrus, 54
Protection, wild life, 50, 69
Protection, wild life, resolutions, 59
Publications, 104, 123
Purchases, Aquarium, 128
Purchases, Park, 73
Pyne, Percy R., 47, 52
Receptions, 55
Report,
audit committee, Zoological
Society, 144
director of Aquarium, 119
director of Park, 61
executive committee, 37
pension board, 106
treasurer’s, 133
veterinarian, 76
Veterinary Medical Congress, 109
Resolutions, Promotion of wild
life protection, 59
Sanporn, Elwin R., 103
Schiff, Mortimer L., 45, 52
Stacey, Samuel, 79
Stewart, Lispenard, 52
Sturgis, Frank K., 52
TownseENp, Dr. Charles H., 129
Witp life protection, 50; 69
Walrus protection, 54
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