Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro

ISSN 0365-4508

Nunquam aliud natura, aliud sapienta dicit
Juvenal, 14, 321
In silvis academi quoerere rerum,
Quamquam Socraticis madet sermonibus
Ladisl. Netto, ex Hor

V0L.LXV

RIO DE JANEIRO

Julho/Setembro

2007

Arquivos do Museu Nacional

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Reitor

Aloísio Teixeira

Museu Nacional

Diretor

Sérgio Alex K. Azevedo

Editores

Miguel Angel Mormé Barrios, Ulisses Caramaschi

Editores de Área

Adriano Brilhante Kury
Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner
Andréa Ferreira da Costa
Cátia Antunes de Mello Patiu
Ciro Alexandre Ávila
Débora de Oliveira Pires
Guilherme Ramos da Silva Muricy
Izabel Cristina Alves Dias
João Alves de Oliveira
João Wagner de Alencar Castro
Marcela Laura Mormé Freire
Marcelo de Araújo Carvalho
Marcos Raposo

Maria Dulce Barcellos Gaspar de Oliveira
Marília Lopes da Costa Facó Soares
Rita Scheel Ybert

Vânia Gonçalves Lourenço Esteves

Normalização

Vera de Figueiredo Barbosa

Diagramação e Arte-final

Lia Ribeiro

Serviços de secretaria
Thiago Macedo dos Santos

Conselho Editorial

André Pierre Prous-Poirier

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

David G. Reid

The Natural History Museum - Reino Unido
David John Nicholas Hind
Royal Botanic Gardens - Reino Unido

Fábio Lang da Silveira

Universidade de São Paulo

François M. Catzeflis

Institut des Sciences de VÉvolution - França

Gustavo Gabriel PoHtis

Universidad Nacional dei Centro - Argentina

John G. Maisey

Americam Museun of Natural Fíistory - EUA

Jorge Carlos Delia Favera

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

J. Van Remsen

Louisiana State University - EUA

Maria Antonieta da Conceição Rodrigues

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Maria Carlota Amaral Paixão Rosa

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Maria Helena Paiva Henriques

Universidade de Coimbra - Portugal

Maria Marta Cigliano

Universidad Nacional La Plata - Argentina

Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues

Universidade de São Paulo

Miriam Lemle

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Paulo A. D. DeBlasis

Universidade de São Paulo

Philippe Taquet

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle - França

Rosana Moreira da Rocha

Universidade Federal do Paraná

Suzanne K. Fish

University of Arizona - EUA

W. Ronald Heyer
Smithsonian Institution - EUA

ARQUIVOS

DO

MUSEU NACIONAL

VOLUME 65
NÚMERO 3

JULHO/SETEMBRO

2007

RIO DE JANEIRO

Arq. Mus. Nac.

Rio de Janeiro

v.65

n.3

p.237-380

jul./set.2007

ISSN 0365-4508

Arquivos do Museu Nacional, mais antigo periódico
científico do Brasil (1876), é uma publicação trimestral
(março, junho, setembro e dezembro), com tiragem de
1000 exemplares, editada pelo Museu Nacional/
Universidade Federal do Rio de janeiro. Tem por
finalidade publicar artigos científicos inéditos nas áreas
de Antropologia, Arqueologia, Botânica, Geologia,
Paleontologia e Zoologia. Está indexado nas seguintes
bases de dados bibliográficos: Biological Abstracts, ISI -
Thomson Scientific, Ulrich's International Periodicals
Directory, Zoological Record, NISC Colorado e Periódica.

As normas para preparação dos manuscritos encontram-
se disponíveis em cada número dos Arquivos e em
htttp:// acd.ufrj.br/~museuhp/publ.htm. Os artigos
são avaliados por, pelo menos, dois especialistas na área
envolvida e que, eventualmente, pertencem ao Conselho
Editorial. O conteúdo dos artigos é de responsabilidade
exclusiva do(s) respectivo(s) autor(es).

Os manuscritos deverão ser encaminhados para Museu
Nacional/UFRj, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão,
20940-040, Rio de janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Arquivos do Museu Nacional, the oldest Brazilian scientific
publication (1876), is issued every three months (March,
June, September and December). It is edited by Museu
Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, with a
circulation of 1000 copies. Its purpose is the edition of
unpublished scientific articles in the areas of Anthropology,
Archaeology, Botany, Geology, Paleontology and Zoology.
It is indexed in the following bases of bibliographical data:
Biological Abstracts, ISI - Thomson Scientific, UlridVs
International Periodicals Directory, Zoological Record,
NISC Colorado and Periódica.

Instructions for the preparation of the manuscripts are
available in each edition of the publication and at
http://acd. ufrj.br/~museuhp/publ.htm. The articles
are reviewed, at least, by two specialists in the area
that may, eventually, belong to the Editorial Board.
The authors are totally responsible for the content of
the texts.

The manuscripts should be sent to Museu Nacional/
UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Financiamento

Fimdaçao Universitária
José Bonifácio

Conselho Naciorutl de Desenvolvimento
ClentUico e Tecnológico

© 2007 - Museu Nacional/UFRJ

Arquivos do Museu Nacional - vol.l (1876) -
Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional.

Trimestral

Até o v.59, 2001, periodicidade irregular
ISSN 0365-4508

1. Ciências Naturais - Periódicos. I. Museu Nacional
(Brasil).

CDD 500.1

APRESENTAÇAO

Este número dos Arquivos do Museu Nacional apresenta os
resultados de um esforço integrado de levantamento da
biodiversidade de crustáceos e poliquetas do Atol das Rocas,
o único atol do Atlântico Ocidental e a primeira Reserva
Biológica Marinha da Costa Brasileira. Este volume é
dedicado postumamente a Paulo Secchin Young que, além
de ser o idealizador deste projeto, foi também o Curador da
Coleção de Crustacea do Museu Nacional de 1992 até sua
morte em 31 de maio de 2004 com 44 anos de idade. Paulo
foi um dos mais importantes nomes da carcinologia
brasileira, tendo sido o editor do Catalogue of Crustacea of
Brazil, também publicado pelo Museu Nacional. Sua
contribuição para a ciência é representada não apenas por
seus artigos e capítulos de livros, mas também pela
orientação de diversos alunos de pós-graduação em todos
os grupos de crustáceos. Inspirou também diversos
estudantes e colegas de outros grupos taxonômicos nos
campos da sistemática e biologia marinha. Paulo manteve
sempre um grande entusiasmo pelo trabalho de campo,
desenvolvendo projetos e expedições nas mais diversas
localidades e tinha forte preocupação com o
desenvolvimento das coleções taxonômicas e da sistemática
de invertebrados no Brasil. Mais detalhes sobre sua vida e
sua carreira podem ser encontrados em um obituário
publicado em 2006 no Journal of Crustacean Biology (vol. 26,
número 2, pp. 158-261).

FOREWORD

Paulo Secchin Young
1960 - 2004

This issue of Arquivos do Museu Nacional presents the
results of an integrated effort concerning the survey of

the biodiversity of crustacean and polychaetes from Rocas Atoll, the only atoll in the Southwestern Atlantic
and the first Marine Biological Reserve in the Brazilian Coast. This volume is posthumously dedicated to Paulo
Secchin Young who, besides being the idealizer of this project, was the Curator of the Crustacea Collection of
Museu Nacional from 1992 until his death in 31 May 2004 at the age of 44 years. Paulo was one of the most
important names in Brazilian carcinology being the editor of the Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil, also published
by the Museu Nacional. His contribution to Science is represented not only by his papers and book-chapters,
but also in training several graduate students in all crustacean groups. He also inspired several students and
colleagues from other taxonomic groups in the fields of systematics and marine biology. Paulo maintained a
strong enthusiasm for fieldwork, developing projects and surveys in several distant locations and always with
a concern in the development of taxonomic collections and increase of the knowledge of invertebrate systematics
in Brazil. More details of his career and life are provided in an obituary published in 2006 in the Journal of
Crustacean Biology (vol. 26, issue 2, pp. 158-261).

Cristiana Serejo
Paulo Cesar de Paiva

Editores

Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.241-250, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

THE ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY
OF THE CRUSTACEA AND POLYCHAETE FAUNA 1

(With 4 figures)

PAULO CESAR PAIVA 2
PAULO SECCHIN YOUNG 3
CARLOS ALEJANDRO ECHEVERRÍA 4

ABSTRACT: Among the oceanic islands in the Brazilian coast, Rocas Atoll is special since it is the only atoll in
the Southern Atlantic and is the first Marine Biological Reserve of the Brazilian Coast. The atoll elliptical ring
(3.7 to 2.5km) has a shallow central lagoon surrounded by a large reef plateau flat composed mainly of
coralline algae. Despite its ecological importance the crustacean and polychaete fauna of Rocas Atoll is still
poorly known with only 34 and 17 species, respectively, recorded. For this reason, an integrate effort with the
aim of assessing the marine biodiversity of this Atoll was developed, through samples of reef and sedimentary
environments. Results of this effort are here presented.

Key words: Rocas Atoll. Crustacea. Polychaeta. Oceanic Islands. Brazil.

RESUMO: O Atol das Rocas, Brasil: análise preliminar da fauna de crustáceos e poliquetas.

Entre as ilhas oceânicas da costa brasileira, o Atol das Rocas se destaca por ser o único atol do Atlântico Sul
e a primeira Reserva Biológica Marinha da costa brasileira. O anel elíptico do atol (3,7 a 2,5km) apresenta uma
laguna central circundada por um grande platô recifal composto principalmente de algas calcárias. Apesar de
sua importância ecológica, a fauna de crustáceos e poliquetas do Atol das Rocas ainda é pouco conhecida,
com apenas 34 e 17 espécies, respectivamente, registradas. Por essa razão, foi realizado um esforço integrado
com o objetivo de avaliar a biodiversidade marinha deste Atol através de coletas em ambientes recifais e
sedimentares. Os resultados deste esforço são aqui apresentados.

Palavras-chave: Atol das Rocas. Crustacea. Polychaeta. Ilhas Oceânicas. Brasil.

INTRODUCTION

Oceanic islands are remarkable environments
owing to their high diversification (Margalef, 1980)
usually having a higher endemism when compared
with nearby environments. Such endemism is more
pronounced in nearshore areas since these islands
are geographically isolated from the adjacent
continental shelves. Variations in the degree of
endemism are a function of life history strategies,
mainly the duration of the larval phase and
dispersion capacity (Scheltema, 1992). In this way,
several polychaete species with short-phase larvae
and brooding crustaceans, mainly peracaridans
( e.g . amphipods, isopods, tanaidaceans, and
cumaceans) from shallow water are more likely to
present a high degree of insular endemism.
Furthermore, oceanic islands presents lower leveis
of species richness owing to their geographic

isolation and the restricted area of their near shore
zones, as predicted by the theory of island
biogeography (McArthur & Wilson, 1967).
Nevertheless, some tropical oceanic islands have a
high cover of reefs in their subtidal and intertidal
habitats, an environment that can hold a great
diversity of associated fauna, mainly cryptic
organisms (Bouchet et al, 2002). Furthermore,
oceanic islands environments, especially those from
tropical regions, are much vulnerable to human
impacts owing to their low resilience capacity
(Chown et al, 1998). Besides, such environments
are many times subjected to predatory tourism and
others economical-industrial activities.

The composition of the Brazilian marine benthic
fauna, mainly regarding the northern and eastern
coast, is still poorly known. Moreover, records are
restricted to surveys conducted in the intertidal
zone, inner continental shelf and some Coastal

1 Submitted on February 9, 2007. Accepted on August 16, 2007.

2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, IB, Depto. de Zoologia. Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail:pcpaiva@biologia.ufrj.br.

3 In memoriam.

4 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Pesquisas Costeiras e Estuarinas - LabCoEst - UFRJmar - CT - UFRJ.

242

P.C.PAIVA, PS.YOUNG & C.A.ECHEVERRÍA

islands (Lana, et al. 1996). Hence, owing to the
restricted knowledge, nothing can be said about
previous environmental impacts in Brazilian
oceanic islands and, for future assessments, more
studies of their fauna are required.

Among the Brazilian oceanic islands, ie., Fernando
de Noronha, Trindade, Rocas Atoll, and São Pedro
& São Paulo Archipelago, Rocas Atoll has a special
interest since it is the only atoll in the Southwestern
Atlantic and was the first Marine Biological Reserve
in the Brazilian Coast. Nowadays, besides scientific
research, no activities are allowed in the Atoll.

Study Area

The Rocas Atoll is located approximately 250km
off the Brazilian northeastern coast between 03°45’
and 03°56’S and 33°37’ and 33°56’ W and 145km
west of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. It is
located at the top of a seamount which reaches a
depth of ca. 25 meters from the surface, and
belongs to the Fernando de Noronha Chain, part
of the Fracture Zone of Fernando de Noronha.

The Atoll frame is composed mainly of coralline
algae (over 60%), being mainly Porolithon cf.
pachydermum (Gherardi & Bosence, 2005), vermetid
gastropods and hermatypic corais, the latter
represented mainly by Siderastrea stellata (Kikuchi,
1994), although with a relatively small contribution
(less than 10% of the reef frame). Gherardi &
Bosence (1999) showed the contribution of several
genera of encrusting coralline algae in the atoll
construction and latter described the reef growth
patterns during the late Holocene sea-level changes
(Gherardi & Bosence, 2005). Among the massive
corais that contributed to the atoll formation,
Siderastrea stellata strongly dominates, however,
nowadays this species is restricted to wave
protected areas. Present patterns of distribution
of hermatypic corais and other cnidarians can be
assessed in Echeverria et al. (1997).

The Atoll elliptical ring has the largest diameter of
3.7km and the smallest about 2.5km, with a large
and shallow inner lagoon and a large plateau or
reef flat (Fig.l) surrounding it (Kikuchi, 1994).
Predominant winds and currents runs from east
to west direction almost all the time, and in this
way the atoll presents a constantly wave exposed
side (east side) and a protected side (west side). On
the west side there are two sandy islands (Cemitério
Island and Farol Island; Figs.1-2). The distribution
of cnidarian’s species are clearly influenced by

these patterns probably due to sediment and
detritus accumulation on the west side (Echeverria
et al, 1997).

During the high tide, the entire Atoll is covered by
the sea water except the two islands mentioned
before. During the low tide, the reef top flat is
uncovered, and several pools are exposed. These
pools are constituted by depressions on the reef
flat, and vary from few meters to more than 150m
in length, varying from 0.5m to more than 7m in
depth. Usually its bottoms are constituted by
carbonatic sand. The lateral walls of these pools
constitute an interesting habitat, and usually bear
a relatively high diversity, including cnidarians
(Echeverria et al, 1997), sponges (Moraes et al,
2006), macroalgae (Villaça et al, 2006) and
mollusks (Gomes et al, 2006). Names and
localization of these pools are presented in table 1.

Water temperature inside the atoll may increase
up to 39°C during low tides and sunny days in
small pools, and the median temperature outside
of atoll is 27°C (25,5° to 28°C) (Kikuchi & Leão,
1997). Precipitation is irregularly distributed along
the year varying from 183mm to 2663mm per
month (Kikuchi, 2002), with no other source of fresh
water in the whole Atoll. The Rocas Atoll region
receives the South Equatorial current originated
from west coasts of África with a velocity varying
from 30cm/s to 60cm/s (Richardson & McKee, 1984;
Silveira et al, 1994). Tides are semi-diurnal
reaching maximum amplitude in neap tides of 2.4m
(Kikuchi, 1994).

In order to assess the marine biodiversity fauna
of the Brazilian oceanic islands, especially of
Crustacea and Polychaeta, we developed the
project ‘Biodiversity of the Brazilian Oceanic
Islands: Crustacea and Polychaeta.’ This project
was conducted with the financial and logistic
support of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
(UFRJ) and the Brazilian Environmental Agency
(IBAMA) by means of the Biological Reserve of
Rocas Atoll, which is coordinated by Maurizélia
de Brito Silva.

Hence, for both taxonomic groups (Crustacea and
Polychaeta), the present study will improve the
number of species referred for the Rocas Atoll.
Besides the new records, new taxa are likely to be
discovered and a rise in the degree of endemism is
also expected after these surveys.

Main goals of this project are:

(1) To provide a preliminary inventory of the
crustacean and polychaete fauna of the Rocas Atoll.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.241-250, jul./set.2007

CRUSTACEA AND POLYCHAETA FROM ROCAS ATOLL

243

(2) Assess the degree of endemism of these taxa for
the Rocas Atoll and, secondarily, for the Brazilian
oceanic islands.

(3) Provide detailed descriptions of crustaceans and
polychaetes species, which will help on species
identification for ecological and biological studies.

Fig. 1- Map of the Rocas Atoll localized in the Southwestern Atlantic, showing general morphology of the reef, localization
of the two islands, the central lagoon, channels and the principal pools over the reef flat. Number refers to the pools, where
the geographic coordinates can be found in table 1 (redrawn from Echeverría et al, 1997).

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.241-250, jul./set.2007

244

P.C.PAIVA, P.S.YOUNG & C.A.ECHEVERRÍA

Fig.2- View of Farol Island from the Lighthouse.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

SlJRVEYS

Collections of crustaceans and polychaetes
under the scope of the project were obtained in
three expeditions to the Biological Reserve of
Rocas Atoll with the duration of ca. 40 days
each. Two or three persons were involved in
collecting benthic samples of crustacean and
polychaetes during field work. All expeditions
occurred during the years of 2000 and 2001 in:
(1) September/October 2000; (2) December,
2000 and January 2001, and (3) November/
December 2001.

Expeditions to Rocas Atoll initiated with a 24
hours boat trip (260km) from Natal (Rio Grande
do Norte State) to Rocas Atoll. The trip aboard of
the 40 feet sailing boat ‘Delícia 4 as well as lodging
in Rocas Atoll (Fig.3) were both provided by
IBAMA, responsible for the Marine Biological
Reserve of Rocas Atoll.

Sampling

Samples were taken at three different
environments as (1) main lagoon (0-2m depth),
(2) tidal pools (0-7m depth), and (3) externai
sublitoral area (10-18m depth) (Fig.l).
Localization and names of individual tidal pools
are given in figure 1 and table 1. In each of these
locations, both hard and soft-bottom were
sampled. Biological substrates as algae and
sponges (Fig.4) were sampled for assessing its
associated fauna.

In coralline bottoms, two procedures were used:
(1) directly removal of specimens after manual
fragmentation of the coralline mass, or (2)
extraction by suffocation after maintaining coralline
fragments in closed dark buckets under sunlight
for ca. 2 hours. Floating specimens were them
removed using fórceps and hand nets, being fixed
in 10% formalin (polychaetes) or 70% alcohol
(crustaceans) and further preserved in 70% alcohol
(polychaetes and crustaceans).

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.241-250, jul./set.2007

CRUSTACEA AND POLYCHAETA FROM ROCAS ATOLL

245

TABLE 1. Geographic coordinates of the reef flat pools from Rocas Atoll cited in figure 1 (GPS measured).

POOL NUMBER

Lat. / Long.

Unofficial name

01

03° 52,28’ S / 033° 47,65’ W

Piscina das Rocas

02

03° 52,28’ S / 033° 47,68’ W

-

03

03° 52,31’ S / 033° 47,87’ W

-

04

03° 52,42’ S / 033° 48,06’ W

-

05

03° 52,45’ S / 033° 48,16’ W

-

06

03° 52,43’ S / 033° 48,24’ W

Piscina das Âncoras (Anchors Pool)

07

03° 52,42’ S / 033° 48,30’ W

Piscina das Tartarugas (Turtles Pool)

08

03° 52,46’ S / 033° 48,43’ W

Salão

09

03° 52,46’ S / 033° 48,55’ W

-

10

03° 52,30’ S / 033° 48,48’ W

Piscina das Correntes

11

03° 52,18’ S / 033° 49,08’ W

-

12

03° 52,17’ S / 033° 49,07’ W

-

13

03° 51,96’ S / 033° 49,14’ W

-

14

03° 51,94’ S / 033° 49,10’ W

-

15

03° 51,74’ S / 033° 49,09’ W

-

16

03° 51,70’ S / 033° 49,50’ W

-

17

03° 51,61’ S / 033° 49,14’ W

Falsa Barreta Channel

18

03° 51,50’ S / 033° 48,10’ W

-

19

03° 51,39’ S / 033° 48,40’ W

-

20

03° 51,32’ S / 033° 48,60’ W

-

21

03° 51,17’ S / 033° 48,75’ W

-

22

03° 51,30’ S / 033° 48,56’ W

-

23

03° 51,25’S / 033° 48,19’W

-

24

03° 51.26’S / 033° 48.11’W

-

25

03° 51.29’ S / 033° 48.01’W

-

26

03° 51.20’S / 033° 48.00’W

-

27

03° 51.19’ S / 033° 47.96’ W

-

28

03° 51.28’ S / 033° 47.91’ W

-

29

03° 51.18’ S / 033° 47.92’ W

-

Names included are not exhaustive.

Sediment samples were taken using cylindrical cores
(diameter=100mm, 250mm depth, ca. 0.008m 2 ).
Core samples were taken manually (8 to 10
replicates) in tidal-pools and main lagoon or diver-
operated in the outside part of the Atoll. Sediment
was then submitted to an elutriation procedure in
a 15 L bucket with the suspension being sieved in a
0.5mm mesh-size, fixed in 10% formalin and
transferred posteriorly to 70% ethanol. All collected
material where subsequently sent to specialists with
a compromise of studying and publishing results in

a special volume dedicated exclusively to this project.
All the Crustacea material is deposited at Museu
Nacional/UFRJ and the Polychaeta material is
deposited at the Instituto de Biologia/UFRJ.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Crustacea of Rocas Atoll

All the records of crustaceans from Rocas Atoll are

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.241-250, jul./set.2007

246

P.C.PAIVA, PS.YOUNG & C.A.ECHEVERRÍA

from scattered samples at the region without any
general sampling program. Most of the records are
from common large-bodied decapods that are found
mostly on intertidal areas found in the surveys of
Coelho (1965, 1967), Coelho & Ramos (1972), Coelho
& Koening (1972), and Fausto-Filho (1980). Besides
decapods, only two amphipods (Krapp-Schickel &

Ruffo, 2000; Serejo, 2004), and one cirriped were
recorded (Young, 1998). Up to this survey, a total of
34 crustacean species were recorded to the whole
Rocas Atoll (Tab.2). Since there is a clear bias toward
intertidal large-bodied decapods it is likely that this
number is underestimated regarding the actual
biodiversity of crustaceans from Rocas Atoll. This

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.241-250, jul./set.2007

CRUSTACEA AND POLYCHAETA FROM ROCAS ATOLL

247

underestimation was circumvented through a specific
program for collecting also small-bodied crustaceans
in subtidal and cryptic intertidal environments for
both soft and coralline bottoms. Results from this
survey increased the number of referred crustaceans

species to 55 (Tab.2), an increment of 62%. It must
be stated that such increment did not represent all
collected crustaceans in this survey since some
speciose groups, such as Alpheidae and Brachyura
(except Majiidae), were not still studied.

TABLE 2. Crustacean species recorded for the Rocas Atoll according to Coelho (1965, 1967) Coelho & Ramos (1972), Coelho
& Koening (1972), Fausto Filho (1980), Young (1998), Krapp-Schickel & Ruffo (2000), Serejo (2004), Senna & Serejo (2005,
2007), and this survey. Species in bold are those referred for the first time to Rocas Atoll.

Taxa

Class Maxillopoda
Infraclass Cirripedia
Superorder Thoracica
Order Sessilia

Family Poecilasmatidae

Ceratoconcha floridana (Pilsbiy, 1931)

Family Lepadidae

Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758
Family Pyrgomatidae

Octolamis lowei (Darwin, 1852)

Superorder Hoplocarida
Order Stomatopoda
Family Gonodactylidae

Gonodactylus austrinus Manning, 1969
Gonodactylus oerstedii Hansen, 1895
Gonodactylus spinulosus Schmitt, 1924
Family Pseudosquillidae

Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius, 1787)

Superorder Eucarida
Order Decapoda
Infraorder Caridea
Family Alpheidae
Alpheus amblyonyxCha.ee, 1972
Alpheus bouvieriA. Milne Edwards, 1878
Alpheus cristulifrons Rathbun, 1900
Alpheus floridanus Kingsley, 1878
Alpheus normanni Kingsley, 1878
Synalpheus sanctithomae Coutière, 1909
Synalpheus toumsendi Coutière, 1909
Family Palaemonidae

Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951
Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas, 1846)
Leander tenuicornis ( Say, 1818)

Family Processidae

Processa brasiliensis Christoffersen, 1979
Processa fimbriata Manning & Chace, 1971
Family Disciadidae

Discias serratirostris Lebour, 1949

Family Rhynchocinetidae

Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936)

Infraorder Palinura
Family Palinuridae

Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869
Infraorder Anomura
Family Galatheidae

Munida spinifrons Henderson, 1885
Family Diogenidae

Dardanus venosus H. Milne-Edwards, 1848
Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859
Clibanarius tricolor [ Gibbes, 1850)

Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791)

Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933

Family Porcellanidae

Pachycheles riisei (Stimpson, 1858)

Infraorder Brachyura
Family Majidae

Aepinus septemspinosus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879)

Chorinus heros (Herbst, 1790)

Macrocoeloma concavum Miers, 1886
Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825)

Mithraculus fórceps (A. Milne-Edwards, 1875)

Mithrax hemphilli Rathbun, 1892

Mithrcuc verrucosus H. Milne-Edwards, 1832

Nemausa acuticornis (Stimpson, 1871)

Pitho lherminieri (Schramm, 1867)

Podochela brasiliensis Coelho, 1972
Family Xanthidae

Actaea acantha (A. Milne-Edwards, 1834)

Banareia palmeri (Rathbum, 1894)

Cataleptodius floridanus (Gibbes, 1850)

Family Grapsidae

Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Plagusia depressa (Fabricius, 1775)

Family Gecarcinidae

Gecarcinus lagostoma H. Milne-Edwards, 1835
Family Ciyptochiridae

Troglocarcinus corallicola Verrill, 1908
Family Calappidae

Cálappa gallus (Herbst 1803)

Superorder Peracarida
Order Amphipoda
Family Melitidae

Quadrimaera cristianae Krapp-Schickel & Ruffo, 2000

Quadrimaera chaelata Senna 8b Serejo, 2007
Quadrimaera rocasensis Senna 8b Serejo, 2007

Family Talitridae

Tálorchestia tucurauna (Müller, 1864)

Family Ingolfiellidae

Ingolfiella rocaensis Senna 8 b Serejo, 2005

Superorder Peracarida
Order Isopoda

Family Olibrinidae

Olibrinus antennatus (Budde-Lund, 1902)

Family Philosciidae

Littorophiloscia culebrae (Moore, 190 1)

Family Platyarthridae

Niambia squamata (Budde-Lund, 1885)

Family Porcellionidae

Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833)

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.241-250, jul./set.2007

248

P.C.PAIVA, PS.YOUNG & C.A.ECHEVERRÍA

POLYCHAETA OF ROCAS ATOLL

Polychaetes from Rocas Atoll were also referred
from scattered samples from large oceanographic
expeditions that sampled mainly off Rocas Atoll,
such as the Calypso Expedition of 1966 (Rullier
& Amoureux, 1979). More recently, some surveys
conducted specifically on the Biological Reserve
also recorded some polychaetes species ( e.g Netto
et dl. 1999; Neves & Omena, 2003). Despite the
ecological approach of the majority of these
studies, new records were given for both the Rocas
Atoll, Brazilian oceanic islands or even for the
whole Brazilian coast. New species and detailed
descriptions were also provided for specific taxa
from Rocas Atoll (Santos & Lana, 2001, 2003). Even
though Netto et dl. (1999) recognized 38 species

of 22 families for the whole Atoll, only five were
nominated in the paper. Thus, besides all above
effort, up to now only 17 species of polychaetes
were recorded to the Rocas Atoll (Tab.3). This
number is far from what should be expected for
an environment composed of both reef and
sedimentary habitats, which is likely to support a
much higher diversity of polychaete species (Paiva,
2005). This survey increased the number of refered
species to 26, an increment of 53%. Only three
families of polychaetes were still studied from the
collection of this survey, a taxonomic effort that
represents only 13% of the families already
recorded by Netto et al. (1999) for the whole Atoll.
Thus an exponential increase in the number of
polychaetes referred to the whole Atoll is expected
after studying all collected families.

TABLE 3. Polychaete species recorded for the Rocas Atoll according to Netto et al. (1999), Neves & Omena (2003),
Rullier & Amoureux (1979), Santos & Lana (2001, 2003), and this survey.

Taxa

Class Polychaeta
Subclass Palpata
Order Aciculata
Suborder Amphinomida
Family Amphinomidae

Eurythoe complanata (Palias, 1766)

Hemnodice carunculata (Palias, 1766)
Linopherus cf. canairensis (Langerhans, 1881)
Suborder Phyllodocida
Family Phyllodicidae

Eteone heteropoda Hartman, 1951
Family Syllidae

Branchiosyllis oculata (Elhers, 1887)
Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855)
Pionosyllis gesae Perkins 1981)

Syllis (Ehlersia) comuta Rathke, 1843
Typosyllis uariegata (Grube, 1860)

Family Nereididae

Ceratocephale rocaensis Santos & Lana, 2001
Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1866

Ceratonereis cf. singularis Treadwell, 1929
Ceratonereis longicirrata Perkins, 1980
Neanthes acuminata Ehlers, 1868

Nereis panamensis Fauchald, 1977

Nereis trifasciata (Grube, 1878)

Nereis sp.

Perinereis floridana Ehlers, 1868

Platynereis magalhaensis Kinberg, 1866
Order Canalilpalpata
Family Saccocirridae

Saccocirrus papillocercus Bobretzky, 1872
Suborder Spionida
Family Spionidae

Spio pettiboneae Foster, 1971
Suborder Cirratulida
Family Cirratulidae

Caulleriella cf. alata (Southern, 1914)
Suborder Flabelligerida
Family Acrocirridae

Macrochaeta clavicomis (Sars, 1835)
Suborder Sabellida
Family Sabellidae

Bispira melanostigma (Schmarda, 1861)
Bispira sp.

Notaulax occidentalis (Baird, 1865)
?Hypsicomus elegans (Webster, 1884)

Species in bold are those referred for the first time to Rocas Atoll.

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Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.251-257, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

CIRRIPEDIA (CRUSTACEA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL 1

(With 5 figures)

PAULO S. YOUNG 2 ’ 3

ABSTRACT: This study redescribes three cirripeds in three different families from Rocas Atoll. Ceratoconchafloridana
(Poecilasmatidae) is a species previously recorded from Rocas Atoll; whilst Lepas anatifera (Lepadidae) and Octolasmis
lowei (Pyrgomatidae) are new records. Ceratoconcha floridana is distributed in the Western Atlantic and the remaining
two species are cosmopolitan; all three species were previously recorded from Brazilian waters.

Key words: Cirripedia. Rocas Atoll. Ceratoconcha. Lepas. Octolasmis.

RESUMO: Cirripedia (Crustacea) do Atol das Rocas.

Este estudo redescreve três cirripédios do Atol das Rocas, que pertencem a três famílias diferentes. Ceratoconcha
floridana (Poecilasmatidae), é uma espécie já registrada para o Atol das Rocas; enquanto que Lepas anatifera
(Lepadidae) e Octolasmis lowei (Pyrgomatidae) são novos registros. Ceratoconcha floridana se distribui no Atlântico
Ocidental e as demais espécies são cosmopolitas; todas as três espécies foram previamente registradas em
águas brasileiras.

Palavras-chave: Cirripedia. Atol das Rocas. Ceratoconcha. Lepas. Octolasmis.

INTRODUCTION

Rocas Atoll has a low diversity of cirripeds, following
the general pattern observed on tropical islands
(Newman, 1960; Young, 1995). Only Ceratoconcha
floridana (Pilsbry, 1931) has been recorded from
Rocas Atoll, living on the hermatypic coral
Mussismilia hispida (Verrill, 1902) (Young, 1988).
During recent field trips, two more species were
sampled, which are presented below, but no coral-
barnacles were found living on the corais. The
infestation of these barnacle species appears to be
related to coral health or stress; in high turbidity
and polluted waters, corais are usually highly
infested by coral barnacles, but infestations almost
disappear in clear waters. The latter is the case of
the corais from Rocas Atoll. No other intertidal
barnacles, lithotryids or conopeans were found on
the atoll. All material is deposited in the collection
of the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, which is
abbreviated as MNRJ. Abbreviations used as
follows: tl = total length; cl = capitular length.

Family Lepadidae Darwin, 1852
Genus Lepas Linnaeus, 1758
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758

(Fig.l)

Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758:668.

Lepas anatifera- Darwin, 1852:73, pl. 1, fig. 1, la-c.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, pool, fixed on
buoys, C.S.Serejo & M.C.Rayol, coll. 02/11/
2001, 11 specimens, tl: - 20.6 to 44.0 (31.2) mm,
MNRJ 18911.

Diagnosis - Plates smooth or delicately striated
(Fig.l). Carina forked basally. Umbonal tooth on
right scutum. One filamentary appendage at base
of cirrus I and another basally.

Remarks - This is a common, cosmopolitan
species usually found attached to floating
objects and sometimes large pelagic animais.
With more sampling, probably other species of
Lepas and Dosima will be found occasionally.
Lepas anatifera has been recorded from Paraíba
to Rio Grande do Sul along the Brazilian coast
(Young, 1990; 1998).

Family Poecilasmatidae Annandale, 1909
Genus Octolasmis Gray, 1825
Octolasmis lowei (Darwin, 1852)

(Figs.2-4)

Dichelaspis Lowei Darwin, 1852:128, pl.2, fig.8.
Dichelaspis darwini - Weltner, 1897:241.
Octolasmis lowei - Lacombe, 1977:11; Young,
1990:646, figs.3e-h, 4; 1998:266.

1 Submmited on August 8, 2005. Accepted on February 9, 2007.

2 In memoriam.

2 Correspondencce to Cristiana S. Serejo: csserejo@acd.ufrj.br.

252

P.S.YOUNG

Fig. 1- Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758, MNRJ 18911, right
lateral view. Scale bar = lmm.

tergum; basally forked; basal arms short, about
half length of and situated below levei of basal
arm of scutum. Gap between basal arms of
scutum and carina.

Labrum (Fig.3a) slightly bullate, with eight large,
acute teeth. Palp (Fig.3a) large, paddle-like, with
several simple setae on inner margin. Mandible
(Fig.3b) with five teeth, third to fifth with subsidiary
cusps; distance between first and second teeth
three times distance between second and third;
lower angle bifid. Maxilla I (Fig.3c) with anterior
border irregular, with a small notch above middle,
with 3 large, strong stout setae above notch and 9
large to small stout setae below. Maxilla II (Fig.3d)
rectangular, anterior margin straight, covered by
numerous simple setae; papilla of maxillary gland
not projecting.

Fig.2- Octolasmis loivei (Darwin, 1852), MNRJ 18912, right
lateral view. Scale bar = lmm.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, pool, fixed on
branchiae of Panulims echinatus Smith, 1869,
P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva & A.A.Aguiar, coll. 18/oct/
2000, 3 specimens, tl(cl): 4.0 (1.7) to 5.0 (2.1) mm,
MNRJ 18912.

Description - Capitulum (Fig.2) slightly
compressed, sub-triangular, covered by thin
cuticle. Capitular plates reduced, conspicuous
below cuticle. Aperture protuberant, 1/3 length
of occludent margin. Peduncle nude, slightly
longer than capitulum, covered by thin cuticle,.
Tergum with inverted V-shape, umbo subapical,
forming lid distally; occludent arm shorter, half
width of carinal arm. Scutum occludent arm
slightly wider and 1.5 times length of basal arm;
both arms forming angle of 70°. Carina curving
continuously, apex reaching half height of

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CIRRIPEDIA (CRUSTACEA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL

253

Fig.3- Octolasmis lowei (Darwin, 1852), MNRJ 18912. (a) labrum and palp; (b) mandible; (c) maxillae I; (d) maxilla II.
Scale bars = O.lmm.

Cirrus I (Fig.4a) with anterior ramus slightly
smaller than posterior ramus. Cirrus II to VI with
equal, long rami (Fig.4b). Median article of cirrus
VI (Fig.4c) about 2 times longer than wide, 10 pairs
of simple setae on anterior margin, 4 setae on
posterior angle. Setal-article ratio about 4:1.
Caudal appendage (Fig.4d,) unarticulated, a little
longer than coxopodite of cirrus VI, with several
long setae on mid-distal margin. Penis (Fig.4b, e)
annulose, long, covered by setulae, longer distally;
with a small terminal languet. Number of articles
of cirri I-VI and caudal appendage is presented in
table 1.

Remarks: Octolasmis lowei was originally described
associated with a brachyuran crab from Madeira
Island (Darwin, 1852) and has since been reported
from several localities in the Atlantic Ocean.
Several other species of Octolasmis have been
described from the Atlantic (Fillipi, 1861a, b; Coker,

1902; Causey, 1960), many of which have since been
considered synonyms of O. lowei. Due to the simple
capitular structure and reduced opercular plates
of Octolasmis , there is a great confusion on the
validity of the various species.

Based on the description of Darwin (1852), some
distinctions could be observed in the Rocas
specimens. Therefore, they were compared with
some O. lowei specimens collected from Madeira
Island for a better comparison. The following
distinctions were observed (Tab.2). The relative
position of the distai points of the basal arms of
the scutum and carina is very conspicuous and
may separate them, but the smaller specimen
examined from Madeira do not have these points
superposing, which may suggest that it may change
during development. Thus, only the characters of
the appendages can be proved to be stable and may
separate them as distinct species.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.251-257, jul./set.2007

Fig.4- Octolasmis lowei (Darwin, 1852), MNRJ 18912. (a) cirrus I; (b) cirrus VI, caudal appendage and penis; (c) median
article of cirrus VI; (d) caudal appendage; e) penis. Scale bars (a, c, d, e) = O.lmm, scale bar (b) = 0.5mm.

TABLE 1. Number of articles for rami of cirri I-VI of Octolasmis lowei (Darwin, 1852).

Cl

CII

cm

CIV

CV

CVI

RC

5/6

12/12

12/11

11/11

11/11

12/11

LC

6/7

12/12

12/11

11/11

11/11

11/11

(CI-VI) cirri I to VI; (RC) right cirri; (LC) left cirri.

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CIRRIPEDIA (CRUSTACEA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL

255

Young (1990) recorded O. lowei from the
Brazilian coast, from Espírito Santo to Rio
Grande do Sul States. With more sampling in
the northern area of Brazil, this species
probably will have its distribution expanded.
Octolasmis lowei appears to be associated with
several distinct groups of decapod crustaceans
and was found on Panulirus echinatus Smith,
1869 at Rocas Atoll. Along the Brazilian coast
it has been recorded on the branchiae of Libinia
spinosa H. Milne Edwards, 1834, Portunus
spinicarpus (Stimpson, 1871), P. spinimanus
Latreille, 1819, Callinectes spp., Hepatus
pudibundus (Herbst, 1785), and on unidentified
Majidae (Young, 1990).

Family Pyrgomatidae Gray, 1825
Genus Ceratoconcha Kramberger-Gorjanovic,

1889

Ceratoconcha floridana (Pilsbry, 1931)
(Fig.5)

Creusia spinulosav ar. 4 Darwin, 1854:378, pl.14,
fig.6i-k.

Pyrgoma floridanum Pilsbry, 1931:81, figs.1-5.
Ceratoconcha floridanum- Young & Christoffersen,
1984:240, figs.2a-c, 3, 5-6 (with synonymy);

Young, 1988:362.

Ceratoconcha floridana - Young, 1998:275.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, C.B.Castro, coll.
21/mar/1982, 1 specimen on Mussismilia hispida
(Verrill, 1902), tl: 31.2mm, MNRJ 1715.

Diagnosis - Shell (Fig.5a) partially to totally
immerse in coral, with about 24 to 36 externai
ribs. Scutum (Fig.5b, c) about as wide as high;
adductor ridge narrow, slightly prominent, never
joining articular ridge; articular ridge covering
almost all tergal margin. Tergum (Fig.5d, e) with
furrow wide; spur usually curved, as wide as its
distance from basi-scutal angle and 1/3 the
height of tergum (Young & Christoffersen,
1984:247).

Remarks - Ceratoconcha floridana is known from
the West Atlantic living on several species of
hermatypic corais, especially those from Fauiina
(Young & Christoffersen, 1984). Previously, this
species was recorded by one specimen from
Rocas Atoll associated with Mussismilia hispida
(Verrill, 1902) (Young, 1988). Despite finding
several M. hispida colonies, we were not able to
collect any specimen of C. floridana. The figures
presented refer to the previously known
specimen (Fig.5).

TABLE 2. Comparison between Madeira Island and Rocas Atoll specimens of Octolasmis lowei (Darwin, 1852).

Madeira specimens

Rocas Atoll specimens

Distai points of basal
arms of scutum and
carina

most superposing, except juveniles

not superposing

Relative calcification of
capitular plates

more calcified

less calcified

Distai point of carina

reaching almost apex of tergum

reaching half length of tergum

Labrum

with several small, sharp teeth

with few (8) large, sharp teeth

Mandible

with obtuse teeth with few subsidiary
cusps

sharp with several subsidiary
cusps

Penis

with lateral protuberance distally

with a sharp terminal languet
distally

Caudal appendage.

with long setae in two tufts, one mid-distal
other below

with only mid-distal tuft of setae

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.251-257, jul./set.2007

256

P.S.YOUNG

e

Fig.5- Ceratoconcha floridana (Pilsbry, 1931), MNRJ 1715. (a) rostrum, externai view; (b-c) scutum, externai and internai
views; (d-e) tergum, externai and internai views. Scale bars = lmm.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.251-257, jul./set.2007

CIRRIPEDIA (CRUSTACEA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL

257

NOTE

This manuscript has been finished by Cristiana
Serejo (Museu Nacional - Rio de Janeiro) since
Paulo Young has passed away on 31th May,
2004 in a tragic car accident.

LITERATURE CITE D

CAUSEY, D., 1960. Octolasmis dawsoni, new species
(Cirripedia: Lepadidae) from Bathynomous giganteus.

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington,

73:95-98.

COKER, R.E., 1902. Notes on a species of barnacle
(Dichelaspis ) parasitic on the gills of edible crabs.

Bulletin of the United States Fisheries Commission,

21:401-412.

DARWIN, C., 1852. A Monograph on the Subclass
Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The
Lepadidae; or pedunculate cirripedes. London: Ray
Society, 400p, 10 pl. 5.

DARWIN, C., 1854. A Monograph on the Subclass
Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidae,
the Verrucidae, etc. London: Ray Society 684p.

FILIPPI, D. de, 1861a. Sur genere Dichelaspis e su di una
nuova specie di esso própria dei Mediterrâneo. Archivio
per la Zoologia, l’Anatomia e la Fisiologia, 1:71-73.

FILIPPI, D. de, 1861b. Seconda nota sulla Dichelaspis
Darwinii. Archivio per la Zoologia, l’Anatomia e la
Fisiologia, 1:200-206, 226, pis. 12-13.

LACOMBE, D., 1977. Cirripédios da Baía da Ribeira,
Angra dos Reis, RJ, (Brasil). Publicações do Instituto
de Pesquisas da Marinha (109): 1-13.

LINNAEUS, C., 1758. Systema naturae. Holmiae, Editio
Decima, Reformata 1:1-824.

NEWMAN, W.A., 1960c. On the paucity of intertidal
barnacles in the tropical Western Pacific. Veliger,
2(4):89-94.

PILSBRY, H.A., 1931. The cirriped genus Pyrgoma in
American waters. Proceedings of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 83:81-83.

WELTNER, W., 1897. Verzeichnis der bisher
beschriebenen recenten Cirripedienarten. Mit Angabe
der im berliner Museum vorhandenen Species und
ihrer Fundorte. Archiv für Naturgeschichte,

l(3):227-280.

YOUNG, P.S., 1988. Recent cnidarian-associated
barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha) from
Brazilian coast. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia,

5(3) :353-369.

YOUNG, P.S., 1990. Lepadomorph cirripeds from
Brazilian coast. I - Families Lepadidae, Poecilasmatidae
and Heteralepadidae. Bulletin of Marine Science,

47(3):641-655.

YOUNG, P.S., 1995. New interpretations of South
American patterns of barnacle distribution. In: SCHRAM,
F.R. & HOEG, J. (Eds.) New Frontiers in Barnacle
Evolution. Crustacean issues, 10:229-253.

YOUNG, P.S., 1998. Maxillopoda. Thecostraca: 263-285.
In: YOUNG, P.S. (Ed.) Catalogue of Crustacea from
Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Série
Livros 6, 718p.

YOUNG, P.S. & CHRISTOFFERSEN M.L., 1984. Recent
coral barnacles of the genus Ceratoconcha (Cirripedia,
Pyrgomatidae) from Northeast Brazil (lat. 5°-18°S).

Bulletin of Marine Science, 35(2):239-252.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.251-257, jul./set.2007

nrnmnfsminm l

nnnttirtriwnfftinnni

^1

Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.259-261, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

FIRST OCCURRENCE OF PACHYCHELES RIISEI (STIMPSON, 1858)
(CRUSTACEA: GALATHEOIDEA: PORCELLANIDAE)

IN ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL 1

(With 1 figure)

DEMARQUES R. DA SILVA JUNIOR 2
PAULO S. YOUNG 3

ABSTRACT: The present work redescribes Pachycheles riisei based on material from intertidal lagoons at
Rocas Atoll, Brazil. This is the first record of P. riisei for Rocas Atoll, species previously found from Florida,
Caribbean Sea, and Brazil (Paraíba to São Paulo, Fernando de Noronha and Trindade Isl.).

Key words: Porcellanidae. Pachycheles riisei. Rocas Atoll.

RESUMO: Primeira ocorrência de Pachycheles riisei (Crustacea, Porcellanidae) no Atol das Rocas Brasil.

O presente estudo redescreve Pachycheles riisei com base no material coletado em poças de maré no Atol
das Rocas, Brasil. Este é o primeiro registro de P. riisei para o Atol das Rocas, espécies anteriormente
encontrada na Florida, Mar do Caribe e Brazil (Paraíba to São Paulo, Fernando de Noronha and Trindade
Island).

Palavras-chave: Porcellanidae. Pachycheles. Atol das Rocas.

INTRODUCTION

The knowledge of the porcellanid fauna of Brazilian
oceanic islands is scarce. Only two species have been
recorded in this habitat: for Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago, Petrolisthes marginatus (Stimpson, 1859)
and Pachycheles riisei (Stimpsom, 1858), the latter
also occurring in Trindade Island (Coelho & Ramos,
1972; Veloso, 1998). At this time, no porcellanid
species have been recorded in Rocas Atoll. Even
islands with rich and large reef structures do not
provide adequate habitats for some Porcelanidae
species (Werding, 1984). Forty-five species of
porcelanids have been recorded for tropical Western
Atlantic and, among these species, nineteen for Brazil.

This study redescribes specimens of Pachycheles
riisei from Rocas Atoll, a species usually found
among calcareous algae or along the fringes of small
intertidal lagoons within the Atoll. This species is
widely distributed throughout the Western Atlantic,
including several oceanic islands (Haig, 1956;
Werding, 1984; Veloso & Melo, 1993, Werding et
al, 2003).

The carapace width (cw) was measured at its widest
section and the reported specimens were deposited

in the crustacean collection of Museu Nacional, Rio
de Janeiro (MNRJ).

Pachycheles riisei (Stimpson, 1858)

(Fig.l)

Pisosoma riisei Stimpson, 1858:228.

Pachycheles riisei- Rathbun, 1900:146; Rodrigues-
da-Costa, 1956:3; Coelho, 1963:54; Coelho &
Ramos, 1972:172; Werding, 1984:6; Coelho etal.,
1990:26; Veloso & Melo, 1993:178; Veloso,
1998:401; Melo, 1999:240.

Material examined - Brazil, Rocas Atoll, Pools.
P.S.Young and P.C.Paiva coll. 01/1/2001, ld , 2
ovigerous9 with eggs, cw: 41-51mm, MNRJ 19150;
P.S.Young and P.C.Paiva coll. 26/X/2000, 3d and
29 , one ovigerous, cw: 56-6 lmm, MNRJ 19161;
P.S.Young and P.C.Paiva coll. 07/X/2000, 1 d , cw:
30mm, MNRJ 19153; P.S.Young and P.C.Paiva coll.
25/X/2000, 7d and 49 , one ovigerous, cw: 14-
46mm, MNRJ 19152.

Diagnosis - Carapace smooth, front depressed and
trilobate with médium lobe finely serrated; outer
angle of orbit pronounced into a spine. Chelipeds

1 Submitted on August 8, 2005. Accepted on May 30, 2007.

2 Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Departamento de Invertebrados. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

3 In memoriam.

260

D.R. SILVA JÚNIOR & P.S.YOUNG

without ornamentation, propodus carenate
extending externally to fixed finger delimited by a
sulcus; carpus with distai margin trilobate and
lateral margin crenulated with a distai spine; merus
with a triangular structure on the antero-distal
angle. Telson with five plates. Males lacking
pleopods.

Description - Carapace (Fig.la) convex in a front
to back direction, médium surface smooth and
lateral surface slightly striated; anterior margin
depressed, trilobate, médium lobe finely serrated;

lateral walls of the carapace incomplete, anterior
portion with a large piece and posterior with smaller
pieces separate by membranous inter-space from
anterior portion (Fig.lb-d). Basal antennal article
short, not pronounced forward, movable segments
with free access to the orbit. Second antennal article
three times longer than the first. Third article
followed by a long flagellum with approximately
eighty segments. Outer orbital angle pronounced
into a spine. Chelipeds (Fig.la) strong and
broad, subequal in size. Both fingers unarmed.

Fig.l- Pachycheles riisei (Stimpson, 1858), MNRJ 19150: (a) habitus, dorsal view; (b) habitus, lateral view; (c-d) pleural
plates, lateral view of other specimens; (e) telson. Scale bars: a = 0.5cm; b-e = O.lcm.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65 n.3, p.259-261, jul./set.2007

FIRST OCCURRENCE OF PACHYCHELES RIISEI IN ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL

261

Propodus with a longitudinal sulcus delimitating
a carina on outer margin; carpus with three lobes
on distai margin and lateral margin crenulated with
a distai spine; merus with large triangular lamellae
projected anteriorly on inner margin. Walking legs
(Fig. la) covered by numerous thick setae, especially
from carpus to dactylus. Telson (Fig. le) with five
plates. Male lacking pleopods.

Coloration - Carapace and chelipeds slightly pinkish
on top. Lateral angle and outer angle of orbit white.
Basal antennal article light brown. Walking legs with
white stripes, ventral portion lighter than dorsal.

Distribution - Pachycheles riisei occurs from Florida
to the Caribbean Sea and along the Brazilian coast,
from Paraíba to São Paulo and also in the oceanic
islands as Fernando de Noronha (Veloso, 1998),
Trindade (Coelho & Ramos, 1972) and Rocas Atoll
(present study).

Habitat - an intertidal species living under stones,
in cavities of calcareous algae and among coral reefs
(Veloso, 1998).

REFERENCES

COELHO, P.A., 1963-1964. Lista dos Porcellanidae
(Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) do litoral de
Pernambuco e Estados vizinhos. Trabalhos do Instituto
Oceanográfico da Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 5/6:51-68.

COELHO, P.A. & RAMOS, M.A., 1972. A constituição e
a distribuição da fauna de decápodos do litoral leste da
América do Sul entre as latitudes de 5°N e 39°S.

Trabalhos Oceanográficos da Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 13:133-236.

COELHO, P.A.; RAMOS, M.A. & MELO, G.A.S., 1990.
Crustáceos decápodos do Estado de Alagoas. Anais da
Sociedade Nordestina de Zoologia, 3:21-34.

HAIG, J., 1956. The Galatheidae (Crustacea, Anomura)
of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition with a review
of the Porcellanidae of the western North Atlantic. Report
Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition, 8:1-44, 1 pl.

MELO, G.A.S., 1999. Manual de identificação dos
Crustacea Decapoda do litoral brasileiro: Anomura,
Thalassinidea, Palinuridea, Astacidea. São Paulo: Ed.
Plêiade. 55lp.

RATHBUN, M.J., 1900. Results of the Branner-Agassiz
Expedition to Brazil. I. The decapod and stomatopod
Crustacea. Proceedings of the Washington Academy
of Sciences, 2:135-156.

RODRIGUES-DA-COSTA, H., 1965. Porcellanidae
brasileiros. 1. Gênero Pachycheles Stimpson 1858.

Boletim do Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello-Leitão,

25:11-15.

STIMPSON, W., 1858. Prodomus descriptionis
animalium e vertebratorum. Pars VII. Crustacea
Anomura. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, 10:225-252.

VELOSO, V.G., 1998. Malacostraca - Eucarida.
Porcellanidae. In: YOUNG, P.S. (Ed.) Catalogue of
Crustacea of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional,
Série Livros n. 6:399-405.

VELOSO, V.G. & MELO, G.A.S., 1993. Taxonomia e
distribuição da família Porcellanidae (Crustacea,
Decapoda, Anomura) no litoral brasileiro. Iheringia,
Série Zoologia, 75:171-186.

WERDING, B., 1984. Porcelanidos (Crustacea, Anomura,
Porcellanidae) de la Isla de Providência, Colombia. Anales
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de
Betin, 14:3-16.

WERDING, B.; HILLER, A. & LEMAITRE, R., 2003.
Geographic and depth distributional patterns of Western
Atlantic Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura),
with an updated list of species. Memoirs of Museum
Victoria, 60(l):79-85.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.259-261, jul./set.2007

Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.263-276, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

NEW RECORDS OF THE FAMILY MAJIDAE (CRUSTACEA, BRACHYURA)

TO THE ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL 1

(With 11 figures)

CARO LI NA R. TAVARES 2
PAULO S. YOUNG 3

ABSTRACT: Eight species of Majidae were sampled in the Rocas Attol: Chorinus heros, Macrocoeloma concavum,
Microphrys bicomutus, Mithraculus fórceps, Mithrax verrucosus, Nemausa acuticomis, Pitho lherminieri and
Podochela brasiliensis. Of these species, C. heros, M. concavum, P. lherminieri, and P. brasiliensis are new
records for the Rocas Attol. Podochela brasiliensis is the only Brazilian endemic species of Majidae found in
Rocas Atoll, and M. verrucosus, in Brazil, is only recorded in the oceanic islands of Fernando de Noronha and
Rocas Atoll. Two other species, Aepinus septemspinosus and Mithrax hemphilli, that were previously known to
the region were not found during this study.

Key words: Crustacea. Brachyura. Majidae. Rocas Atoll.

RESUMO: Novos registros da família Majidae (Crustacea, Brachyura) para o Atol das Rocas, Brasil.

Foram coletadas oito espécies de Majidae no Atol das Rocas: Chorinus heros, Macrocoeloma concavum,
Microphrys bicomutus, Mithraculus fórceps, Mithrax verrucosus, Nemausa acuticornis, Pitho lherminieri e
Podochela brasiliensis. Destas, C. heros, M. concavum, P. lherminieri e P. brasiliensis são registradas pela
primeira vez para o Atol das Rocas. Podochela brasiliensis é a única espécie endêmica do Brasil de Majidae
encontrada no Atol das Rocas, e M. verrucosus, no Brasil, ocorre apenas nas ilhas oceânicas de Atol das
Rocas e Fernando de Noronha. Outras duas espécies, Aepinus septemspinosus e Mithrax hemphilli, que já
eram previamente conhecidas para a região, não foram encontradas durante este estudo.

Palavras-chave: Crustacea. Brachyura. Majidae. Atol das Rocas.

INTRODUCTION

Spider crabs (family Majidae) are a widespread
marine family. Although most diverse in the
Pacific, they can be found world-wide except
near Antarctica. Most species live from intertidal
areas to the continental shelf except for a few
species that live at depths of 200m or more.
Peculiar to the family Majidae among
brachyuran crabs is decorating (also called
masking), the deliberate attachment of pieces
of debris or sessile marine organisms to the
hooked setae of the exoskeleton, but this
behavior can be absent in large crabs or those
that live at great depths, on sand or in narrow
crevices (Wicksten, 1993).

Only six species of Majidae have been recorded
to Rocas Atoll: Aepinus septemspinosus
(A.Milne-Edwards, 1879), Microphrys bicomutus
(Latreille, 1825), Mithraculus fórceps (A.Milne-

Edwards, 1875), Mithrax hemphilli Rathbun,
1892, Mithrax verrucosus H.Milne Edwards,
1832, and Nemausa acuticornis (Stimpson,
1871) (Coelho, 1969, 1971; Coelho & Ramos,
1972). This work intends to identify and briefly
describe the species of this family found in
Rocas Atoll, during a sampling program
between October 2000 and November 2001.

The length of carapace (cl) was measured on the
median line, from the anterior to posterior
margin, including rostrum. The width of
carapace (cw) was measured at the widest part.
The studied specimens are deposited at the
Crustacea collection of the Museu Nacional, Rio
de Janeiro (MNRJ). Abbreviations: (AAA)
A.A.Aguiar; (CRT) C.R.Tavares; (CSS) C.S.Serejo;
(DM) D. Moraes; (FBP) F.B.Pitombo; (GN)
G.Nunan; (MCR) M.C.Rayol; (NM) N.Magalhães;
(PCP) P.C. Paiva; (PSY) P.S.Young; (RB)
R.Barroso; (SNB) S.N.Brandão.

1 Submitted on February 2, 2007. Accepted on April 15, 2007.

2 Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Departamento de Invertebrados. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: ctavares@mn.ufrj.br.

3 In memoriam.

264

C.R.TAVARES & P.S.YOUNG

SYSTEM ATI C SECTION

Family Majidae Samouelle, 1819
Genus Chorinus Latreille, 1823
Chorinus heros (Herbst, 1790)

(Fig.l)

Câncer heros Herbst, 1790:pl.42, fig.l.

Chorinus heros - Rathbun, 1925:305, fig.101,
pl. 107, pl.246, figs.3-5; Abele & Kim, 1986:44, 549,
fig.b; Melo, 1996:254.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, no detailed locality,
GN and DM coll. 22/Nov/1982, l9 , cl: 48.5mm, cw:
26.8mm, MNRJ 4673; 3°51,680’S - 33°49,601W,
19m, PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 16/0ct/2000, 6cf , cl:
2.6-4.0mm, cw: 1.6-2.3mm, MNRJ 17484.

Description - Two long rostral horns, with simple
and curved setae, and with lateral margin
denticulated (Fig.la). Carapace oval, anterior third

deflexed with some short truncate or long spines;
one large preorbital spine curved and directed
forward, and two smaller spines posterior to
preorbital; one hepatic spine posterior to orbital,
and one gastric spine posterior to hepatic; posterior
two thirds smooth (Fig.la); cervical and cardiac
grooves present, but not well defined. Antennae 2
thin and long, basal article with a spine on distai
margin and a truncate spine on lateral proximal
margin (Fig. lb). Third maxilliped with simple setae
on lateral margin of its articles (Fig.lc). One
truncate spine on anterolateral angle of bucal
cavity, and one between lateral proximal margin of
antennae 2 and anterolateral angle of bucal cavity.
Chelipeds with some setae, without hiatus between
fingers (Fig. ld). Pereopods 2-5 setose.

Habitat - Found between seaweed and sponges.

Distribution - East coast of the USA, Gulf of México,
Antilles, Venezuela, and Brazil - from Ceará to
Bahia (Melo, 1996); Rocas Atoll (new occurrence).

Fig.l- Chorinus heros (Herbst, 1790). MNRJ 4673, 9 , cl: 48.5mm, cw: 26.8mm. a) Carapace, dorsal view; b) Left antenna
2, basal article; c) Left maxilliped 3, ventral view; d) Left cheliped, dorsal view.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.263-276, jul./set.2007

NEW RECORDS OF THE FAMILY MAJIDAE TO THE ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL

265

Genus Macrocoeloma Miers, 1879
Macrocoeloma concavum Miers, 1886
(Fig.2)

Macrocoeloma côncava Miers, 1886:79, pl.10,
figs.2-2b.

Macrocoeloma concavum - Rathbun, 1925:487,
pl.170, fig.3, pl.171, fig.3; Coelho & Ramos,
1972:218; Melo, 1996:216.

distai spine and two truncate spines, one distai
and one proximal (Fig.2d).

Habitat - Found between seaweed, calcareous
algae, and sponges.

Distribution - Antilles and Brazil - from Maranhão
to Bahia, Fernando de Noronha (Melo, 1996); Rocas
Atoll (new occurrence).

Material examined - Rocas
Atoll, no detailed locality, PSY,
PCP and AAA coll. 16/Oct/
2000, l9 (juvenile), cl: 9.1mm,
cw: 7.6mm, MNRJ 17481; PSY,
PCP and AAA coll. 23/Oct/
2000, ld , cl: 2.3mm, cw:
2.2mm, MNRJ 17483; FBPand
RB coll. 03/Jan/2001, lcf , cl:
2.6mm, cw: 1.9mm, MNRJ
17482; 3°51,680’S, 33°49,
604W, 9m.

Description - Two long, acute
rostral spines, divergent and
curved upward (Fig.2a).
Carapace, hepatic region
concave; lateral angle with one
spine; intestinal and cardiac
regions with one spine each,
three truncate spines on
gastric, one on urogastric, and
one on branchial regions
(Fig.2a); lateral margin of the
body with some small, truncate
spines to pterigostomial region.
Body and legs covered by short
setae, and some long and
curved setae (Fig.2a). Tubular
orbits with a preorbital spine
directed forward and a
postorbital spine directed
laterally (Fig.2a). Basal article
of antennae 2 with an anterior
spine (Fig.2b). Inner lateral
margin of ischium of third
maxilliped setose, with some
small spines (Fig.2c).
Chelipeds covered with very
small spines; a proximal
truncate spine on palm; fingers
1/2 of length of propodus; palm
with approximately the same
size of merus; merus with one

Fig.2- Macrocoeloma concavum Miers, 1886. MNRJ 17481, juvenile 9 , cl: 9.1mm,
cw: 7.6mm. a) Carapace, dorsal view; b) Rigth antenna 2, basal article; c) Rigth
maxilliped 3, ventral view; d) Left cheliped, dorsal view.

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266

C.R.TAVARES & P.S.YOUNG

Genus Microphrys H.Milne Edwards, 1851
Microphrys bicomutus (Latreille, 1825)

(Fig-3)

Pisa bicomuta Latreille, 1825:141.

Microphrys bicomutus - Rathbun, 1925:489, pl. 175;
Coelho, 1969:237; Coelho, 1971:141; Coelho &
Ramos, 1972:216; Williams, 1984:330, fig.266; Abele
86 Kim, 1986:46, 521, figs.d-e; Melo, 1996:224.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, Pools, PSY, PCP
and AAA coll. 05/0ct/2000, l9 , cl: 15.2mm, cw:
12.9mm; 2d , cl: 15.4-19.2mm, cw: 11.9-16.4mm,
MNRJ 16655; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 07/Oct/
2000, l9 (juvenile), cl: 5.4mm, cw: 4.0mm; ld",
cl: 2.3mm, cw: 2.1mm, MNRJ 17516; PSY, PCP
and AAA coll. 10/0ct/2000, l9 (juvenile), cl:
5.9mm, cw: 4.8mm; 2Cf , cl: 3.2-4.9mm, cw: 3.0-
3.7mm, MNRJ 17511; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 14/
Oct/2000, 5d , cl: 5.9-12.8mm, cw: 4.1-10.8mm,
MNRJ 17513; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 17/Oct/
2000, 29 (ovigerous), cl: 14.9-18.8mm, cw: 12.7-
16.4mm; ld , cl: 17.5mm, cw: 15.1mm, MNRJ
16659; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 18/0ct/2000, l9
(ovigerous), cl: 9.1mm, cw: 6.9mm; l9 , cl: 6.7mm,
cw: 5.2mm; ld , cl: 5.6mm, cw: 4.2mm, MNRJ
16658; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 25/Oct/2000, 2d ,
cl: 19.4-23.5mm, cw: 16.1-20.1mm; 39
(ovigerous), cl: 11.5-16.6mm, cw: 10.2-14.9mm,
MNRJ 16650; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 27/Oct/
2000, ld, cl: 8.7mm, cw: 7.0mm, MNRJ 16660;
PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 20/0ct/2000, l9
(ovigerous), cl: 9.3mm, cw: 7.6mm; 4 d, cl: 5.6-
8.7mm, cw: 3.5-7.4mm, MNRJ 17510; PSY, PCP
and AAA coll. Oct/2000, 1 d, cl: 12.5mm, cw:
9.5mm, MNRJ 17154; FBP and RB coll. 21/Dec/
2000, 2d , cl: 2.5-4.4mm, cw: 2.0-4. lmm, MNRJ
17518; FBP and RB coll. 24/Dec/2000, ld, cl:
4.8mm, cw: 3.8mm, MNRJ 17517; FBP and RB
coll. 28/Dec/2000, l9 , cl: 9.3mm, cw: 7.8mm,
MNRJ 17509; FBP and RB coll. 30/Dec/2000, l9 ,
cl: 7.5mm, cw: 5.8mm, MNRJ 17153; FBP and RB
coll. 02/Jan/2001, 29 (ovigerous), cl: 8.4-
15.4mm, cw: 7.0-14.4mm; ld , cl: 8.5mm, cw:
6. lmm, MNRJ 17157; SNB, CRT and NM coll. 01/
Jul/2001, ld, cl: 19.8mm, cw: 17.lmm, MNRJ
17508; SNB, CRT and NM coll. 02/Jul/2001, l9
(juvenile), cl: 5.4mm, cw: 4.lmm, MNRJ 16663;
SNB, CRT and NM coll. 03/Jul/2001, lcf, cl:
24.2mm, cw: 20.7mm, MNRJ 16665; SNB, CRT
and NM coll. 04/Jul/2001, l9 (ovigerous), cl:
12.2mm, cw: 10.5mm, MNRJ 16661; SNB, CRT
and NM coll. 12/Jul/2001, 2d , cl: 12.4-18.4mm,

cw: 9.8-15.5mm; l9 (ovigerous), cl: 10.lmm, cw:
8.2mm, MNRJ 16664; CSS and MCR coll. 18/Oct/
2001, l9 (juvenile), cl: 3.5mm, cw: 6.6mm, MNRJ
16662; CSS and MCR coll. 20/0ct/2001, l9
(ovigerous), cl: 11.8mm, cw: 9.9mm, MNRJ 16653;
CSS and MCR coll. 22/Oct/2001, 2d, cl: 11.1-
12.5mm, cw: 9.1-10.7mm, MNRJ 16652; CSS and
MCR coll. Oct/2001, ld , cl: 18.5mm, cw:
15.6mm, MNRJ 17514; Inner Laguna, FBP and
RB coll. 18/Dec/2000, l9 [juvenile), cl: 9.lmm,
cw: 7.2mm; 3cf, cl: 3.6-11.9mm, cw: 2.7-9.9mm,
MNRJ 16657; FBP and RB coll. Dec/2000, l9 ,
cl: 13.0mm, cw: 10.9mm, MNRJ 17505; CSS and
MCR coll. 07/Nov/2001, 39 [juveniles), cl: 6.3-
9.6mm, cw: 4.3-7.4mm, MNRJ 16656; 3°51,751’S,
38°48,066’W, PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 05/Oct/
2000, 109 (juveniles), cl: 5.3-15.0mm, cw: 3.6-
13.0mm; 4<d , cl: 7.4-9.8mm, cw: 1.3-7.4mm,
MNRJ 16654; no detailed locality, PSY, PCP and
AAA coll. 05/0ct/2000, 3d, cl: 2.7-4.2mm, cw:
1.7-3.0mm, MNRJ 17507; PSY, PCP and AAA coll.
16/0ct/2000, l9 (juvenile), cl: 9.2mm, cw:
7.6mm, MNRJ 17158; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 23/
Oct/2000, 1d, cl: 5.7mm, cw: 4.lmm, MNRJ
17506; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. Oct/2000, 3C?, cl:
8.1-17.lmm, cw: 5.6-15.lmm; l9 (juvenile), cl:
13.0mm, cw: 10.3mm; l9 (ovigerous), cl: 14.2mm,
cw: 11.9mm; 29 , cl: 13.2-14.3mm, cw: 10.6-
12.0mm, MNRJ 16651; PSY, PCP and AAA coll.
Oct/2000, l9 (juvenile), cl: 4.7mm, cw: 3.4mm,
MNRJ 17515; SNB, CRT and NM coll. Jul/2000,
l9 (ovigerous), cl: 17. lmm, cw: 15.0mm; 1 d , cl:
18.3mm, cw: 15.8mm, MNRJ 17512.

Description - Two long and setose rostral spines,
divergent at base, extremities curving inward
(Fig.3a). Carapace sub triangular, longer than
wide, with some setae and small truncate spines;
with a spine at the lateral angle, and a small one
behind that spine; cervical and cardiac grooves
well defined; hepatic region depressed; cardiac
region elevated, with 4-5 truncate spines; one
truncate spine on each side of cardiac groove;
intestinal region with four truncate spines,
distributed as an arc. Orbits composed of basal
article of antennae 2, with one ventral spine, one
dorsal spine, and one spine between ventral and
dorsal ones. Basal article of antennae 2 with a
spine and a small one on the base of that spine
(Fig.3b). Third maxilliped, ischium with some
small spines and with inner margin setose;
anterior margin of merus with a truncate setose
spine (Fig.3c). Chelipeds with dark and irregular
spots; fingers either without hiatus, with the

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cutting edge serrate, or with a
hiatus, with anterior extremity
of cutting edges serrate and with
a proximal truncate spine on
fixed finger (Fig.3d,e); carpus
either smooth or with a truncate
spine on outer surface; merus
smooth or with a row of three
spines on anterior surface.
Pereopods 2-5 setose; propodus
and carpus unarmed, merus
with a row of until four spines
on anterior surface.

Remarks - Microphrys bicomutus
was described as having a row of
three or four spines on the merus
ofchelipeds (Rathbun, 1925), but
the examined specimens have a
row varying from 0 to 3 spines,
except for one male (MNRJ
16650) that has four spines.
Melo (1996), Rathbun (1925), and
Williams (1984) also observed
specimens of M. bicomutus with
a hiatus between the fingers,
which was variable in Rocas
specimens.

Habitat - Most samples of
Microphrys bicomutus were found
between seaweeds and
calcareous algae, all from shallow
waters, and most specimens were
covered by algae and sponges.

Distribution - East of USA, Gulf
of México, Antilles, Central
America, north of South America,
Brazil - from Maranhão to Rio
Grande do Sul, Fernando de
Noronha and Rocas Atoll (Coelho,
1969, 1971; Coelho & Ramos,
1972; Melo, 1996).

Fig.3- Microphrys bicomutus (Latreille, 1825). MNRJ 16655, d", cl: 19.2mm,
cw: 16.4mm. a) Carapace, dorsal view; b) Left antenna 2, basal article; c) Left
maxilliped 3, ventral view; d) Left cheliped, dorsal view. MNRJ 17153, 9 , cl:
7.5mm, cw: 5.8mm. e) Left cheliped, dorsal view.

Genus Mithraculus White, 1847
Mithraculus fórceps (A.Milne-Edwards, 1875)
(Fig.4)

Mithrax (Mithraculus) fórceps A.Milne-Edwards,
1875:109, pl.23, fig. 1; Rathbun, 1925:431, pl.156.

Mithraculus fórceps - Coelho & Ramos, 1972:216;
Williams, 1984, figs.272, 275f; Abele & Kim, 1986:47,
529, figs.c-d; Melo, 1996:229.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, Pools, PSY, PCP
andAAAcoll. 13/0ct/2000, 2(5, cl: 13.0-16.8mm,
cw: 14.5-18.8mm, MNRJ 15620; PSY, PCP and
AAAcoll. 20/0ct/2000, l9 (juvenile), cl: 12.7mm,
cw: 8.4mm, MNRJ 17492; PSY, PCP and AAA coll.
25/Oct/2000, 1(5 , cl: 6.8mm, cw: 7.3mm, MNRJ
15617; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 26/Oct/2000,
22d , cl: 5.8-16.8 mm, cw: 6.3-20.2mm; 99
(ovigerous), cl: 8.9-12.7mm, cw: 9.5-14.9mm; 39 ,
cl: 9.2-1 l.Omm, cw: 10.7-13.lmm, MNRJ 15613;

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PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 27/Oct/2000, 5cf , cl: 4.9-
8.6 mm, cw: 4.8-9.5mm, l9 (ovigerous), cl: 10.3mm,
cw: 11.9mm, MNRJ 15612; PSY, PCP and AAA coll.
27/Oct/2000, l9 (juvenile), cl: 4.4mm, cw: 4.4mm;
3d\ cl: 2.8-4.3mm, cw: 2.7-4.4mm, MNRJ 17494;
PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 28/Oct/2000, 2(5 , cl: 8.2-
13.5mm, cw: 8.5-15.3mm, MNRJ 15616; FBP and
RB coll. 22/Dec/2000, 2m, cl: 3.2-3.7mm, cw: 3.0-
3.5mm, MNRJ 17488; FBP and RB coll. 28/Dec/

2000, 1(5 , cl: 18.4mm, cw: 21.8mm, MNRJ 15611;
FBP and RB coll. 30/Dec/2000, 1(5 , cl: 7.8mm, cw:
8.1mm, MNRJ 16786; FBP and RB coll. 02/Jan/

2001, 29 , cl: 12.1-12.2mm, cw: 12.5-13.lmm; 29
(ovigerous), cl: 11.2-12.2mm, cw: 12.4-13.6mm; 6(5,
cl: 3.6-14.2mm, cw: 3.4-15.5mm, MNRJ 16787;
FBP and RB coll. Dec/2000, 6(5 , cl: 1.6-3.2mm,
cw: 1.3-2.9mm, MNRJ 17495; CSS and MCR coll.

22/Oct/2001, 1(5 , cl: 9. lmm, cw: 10. lmm, MNRJ
16190; Inner Laguna, PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 14/
Oct/2000, l9 (juvenile), cl: 12.0mm, cw: 12.9mm,
MNRJ 15619; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 15/Oct/
2000, 5cf , cl: 3.2-10.6mm, cw: 3.0-12.3mm; 29
(ovigerous), cl: 7.9-8.2mm, cw: 8.8-9.3mm; 29 , cl:
8.3-9.5mm, cw: 9.1-10.7mm, MNRJ 15615; FBP
and RB coll. 18/Dec/2000, 49 (ovigerous), cl: 7.7-
10.7mm, cw: 7.8-11.6mm; 3(5 , cl: 7.2-12.3mm, cw:
7.9-13.6mm, MNRJ 15614; CSS and MCR coll. 07/
Nov/2001, 1(5 , cl: 5. lmm, cw: 5.3mm, MNRJ
17151; No detailed locality, PSY, PCP and AAA coll.
11/Oct/2000, lcf , cl: 7.7mm, cw: 7.3mm, MNRJ
15618; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 16/0ct/2000, 3cf,
cl: 3.4-4.lmm, cw: 3.0-3.7mm, MNRJ 17493; PSY,
PCP and AAA coll. Oct/2000, 5cf , cl: 1.5-3.2mm,
cw: 1.7-2.9mm, MNRJ 17490; FBP and RB coll.

Dec/2000, 5d, cl: 5.0-18.lmm,
cw: 4.9-9.0mm, MNRJ 17491.

Fig.4- Mithraculus fórceps (A.Milne-Edwards, 1875). MNRJ 15611, <5 , cl: 7.8mm,
cw: 8. lmm. a) Carapace, dorsal view; b) Left antenna 2, basal article; c) Left
maxilliped 3, ventral view; d) Left cheliped, dorsal view.

Description - Rostrum bifid,
truncate, separated near the base
(Fig.4a). One pair of small
truncate spines posterior to
rostrum, and another pair
posterior to first pair, in line with
inner dorsal orbital spine.
Carapace, anterolateral margin
with four spines directed forward;
one groove between the first and
the second anterolateral spine,
another one between the second
and the third antero lateral spine,
and another one between the third
and the fourth anterolateral
spines; hepatic, gastric and
cardiac regions with truncate
spines. Orbits composed by the
basal article of antennae 2, two
ventral, and three dorsal spines.
Basal article of antennae 2 with
2-3 spines, enlarged (Fig.4b).
Third maxilliped, margin of
ischium armed with some small
spines (Fig.4c). Chelipeds of same
size; a large hiatus between
fingers; dactyl with a posterior
spine or with a row of small
spines; fixed finger with a row of
small spines on posterior part;
carpus with 1-2 inner lateral
spine, sometimes with small
spines on the superior part;
merus with 1-2 spines on inner

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surface, 5-6 spines on outer surface and 2-3 small
truncate spines on upper surface (Fig.4d). Pereopods
2-5 setose, with some small spines.

Habitat - Sampled from calcareous bottoms, but
one sample was collected between seaweeds, all of
them from shallow waters.

Distribution - From North Carolina to south Florida
(USA), Antilles, Venezuela, and Brazil - Maranhão to São
Paulo, Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha (Coelho,
1969, 1971; Coelho & Ramos, 1972; Melo, 1996).

Genus Mithrax Desmarest, 1823
Mithrax venrucosus H. Milne Edwards, 1832
(Figs.5-8)

Mithrax verrucosus H. Milne Edwards, 1832: no
pagination, pl.4; Rathbun, 1925:400, pl.144;
Coelho & Ramos, 1972:215; Williams, 1984:336,
figs. 271, 275c; Abele & Kim, 1986:47, 525,
figs.c-d; Melo, 1996:239.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, Pools, PSY, PCP
and AAA coll. 13/0ct/2000, 2d , cl: 7.7-9.8mm,
cw: 6.9-10.8mm, MNRJ 15600; PSY, PCP and
AAA coll. 17/0ct/2000, l9 , cl: 23.1mm, cw:
26.9mm, MNRJ 15605; PSY, PCP and AAA coll.
25/Oct/2000, 2 d, cl: 9.7-14.5mm, cw: 10.0-
16.7mm, MNRJ 15608; PSY, PCP and AAA coll.
26/Oct/2000, Sd , cl: 5.3-19.9mm, cw: 4.7-
22.6mm, 39 , cl: 16.0-21.4mm, cw: 18.7-
26.3mm, MNRJ 15601; PSY, PCP and AAA coll.
27/Oct/2000, 2d , cl: 6.5-6.6mm, cw: 5.9-
6.2mm, l9 , cl: 13.5mm, cw: 15.1mm, MNRJ
15607; PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 28/Oct/2000,
1 d , cl: 7.2mm, cw: 7.0mm, MNRJ 15602; PSY,
PCP and AAA coll. 24-28/Oct/2000, 3cf , cl: 30.2-
46.3mm, cw: 57.6-58. lmm, l9 , cl: 30.2mm,
cw: 38.0mm, MNRJ 16341; FBP and RB coll.
28/Dec/2000, 2 d, cl: 22.3-41.7mm, cw: 26.3-
53.3mm, MNRJ 15609; SNB, CRT and NM coll.
03/Jul/2001, l9 (juvenile), cl: 16.6mm, cw:
18.5mm, MNRJ 15690; Inner Laguna, PSY, PCP
and AAA coll. 14/0ct/2000, 3cf , cl: 11.6-
14.3mm, cw: 12.4-15.0mm, MNRJ 15604; PSY,
PCP and AAA coll. 15/0ct/2000, ld , cl:
17.7mm, cw: 20.6mm, MNRJ 15606.

Description - Rostrum small, bifid, truncate,
setose, separated near base (Fig.5a). Carapace
covered with some short truncate spines; lateral
margin with four pairs of spines, the anterior
ones smaller than the posterior; subhepatic
region with few spines and some plumose setae.

Orbits composed by the basal article of antennae
2, three dorsal and two lateral spines. Antennae 2
with basal article expanded, three lateral spines,
middle one largest, truncate or not (Fig.5b, 6c).
Outer lateral margin of ischium of third maxilliped
with some spines (Fig.5c, 6d). Chelipeds of same
size; fingers approximately Va length of propodus;
palm smooth; dactyl with a small truncate spine
on inner surface; inner margin of carpus with 2-3
spines, denticulate or not; upper surface of merus

0.1 cm

Fig.5- Mithrax verrucosus H.Milne Edwards, 1832. MNRJ 16341,
d", cl: 44.9mm, cw: 58. lmm. a) Carapace, dorsal view; b) Left
antenna 2, basal article; c) Left maxilliped 3, ventral view; d)
Left cheliped, dorsal view.

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6

7

Fig.6- Mithrax verrucosus H.Milne Edwards, 1832. MNRJ
15602, juvenile d, cl: 7.2mm, cw: 7.0mm. a) Carapace, dorsal
view; b) detail of the carapace; c) Left antenna 2, basal article;
d) Left maxilliped 3, ventral view; e) Left cheliped, dorsal view.

covered with 5-16 spines (Fig.5d). Pereopods 2-5
with plumose setae and spines.

Remarks - Mithrax verrucosus rostral spines are
larger in adults than in juveniles. Only juveniles
present a small spine on the superior proximal
part of palm of chelipeds. The carpus has some
small spines only in the smaller specimens
(Fig.6e). The carapace is wider than long in
adults, and in juveniles with carapace length
larger than lO.Omm. Juveniles with carapace
length less than lO.Omm have the carapace a
little longer than wide, at least in males (Fig.6a,
7). The same pattern appears to occur in females
but the specimens examined did not present any
specimen less than 13.5mm (Fig.8). Adults

Fig.7- Mithrax verrucosus H.Milne Edwards, 1832. Length/
width rate; d (•), $ (a).

present only short, truncate spines on the
carapace in adults. Juveniles present the spines
not truncate and also have short setae covering
the carapace (Fig.6b).

Mithrax verrucosus is the largest majid found in
Rocas atoll, reaching 46.3mm of carapace
length.

Habitat - Only once M. verrucosus was found
between seaweed, the others were found in
calcareous bottoms, all of them in shallow waters.

Distribution: South Carolina, Florida, Gulf of
México, north of South America, Brazil - Fernando
de Noronha and Rocas Atoll (Coelho, 1969, 1971;
Coelho 85 Ramos, 1972; Melo, 1996).

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70

0

1 23456789 10 11 12 13 14 1516 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

specimens

Fig.8- Mithrax verrucosus H.Milne Edwards, 1832. Length (•) and width (■) of the specimens; d" (1-21), $ (23-29).

Genus Nemausa Stimpson, 1870
Nemausa acuticornis (Stimpson, 1870)

(Fig.9)

Mithrax acuticornis Stimpson, 1870:116.

Mithrax (Mithrax) acuticornis - Rathbun, 1925:388,
pl.136, figs.1-2, pl.257, fig.l.

Nemausa acuticornis- Melo, 1996:241.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, Pool, PSY, PCP
and AAA coll. 28/Oct/2000, lcf cf, cl: 8.4mm, cw:
7.2mm, MNRJ 17152.

Description - Two acute rostral spines, distally
slightly curved upward, outer margin with 2-3
denticles (Fig.9a). Carapace, lateral margin with
one hepatic spine, followed by three smaller ones
at same line; subhepatic region with four small
spines; gastric and branchial regions covered with
some truncate spines; cardiac and intestinal region
with four short truncate spines; cervical groove well
defined. Orbits composed of one wide and serrate
preorbital spine, one postorbital spine with externai
margin serrate directed forward, one spine between
the preorbital spine and the postorbital spine
measuring % length of postorbital spine. One spine
between postorbital spine and basal article of
antennae 2. Basal article of antennae 2 with three

spines, outer and middle spines denticulated on
externai margin; inner spine smooth, located at
base of first movable segment of antennae 2
(Fig.9b). Outer lateral margin of ischium and
anterior margin of merus of third maxilliped with
some short truncate spines (Fig.9c). Chelipeds,
cutting edge of fingers serrate and with a small
posterior hiatus; palm with two small truncate
spines on proximal region; propodus about twice
length of fingers carpus granulate; merus with one
row with six dorsal spines, one row with 3-4 ventral
externai spines and one inner dorsal row with 4-5
spines (Fig.9d). Pereopods 2-5 setose and with some
spines.

Remarks - Rathbun (1925) observed Nemausa
acuticornis with a double hepatic spine, with a small
anterior spine on the carapace. Melo (1996)
observed that all anterolateral spines have a small
anterior spine. The only specimen examined has
the spine posterior to the hepatic spine with a small
anterior spine; all others are simple.

Habitat - Sampled between seaweed, from a depth
of 10m.

Distribution - North Carolina to Florida, Gulf of
México, Antilles and Brazil - from Amapá to Rio de
Janeiro and Rocas Atoll (Coelho, 1969; Coelho,
1971; Coelho & Ramos, 1972; Melo, 1996).

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Fig.9- Nemausa acuticomis (Stimpson, 1871). MNRJ 17152, d, cl: 8.4mm, cw: 7.2mm. a) Carapace, dorsal view; b) Left
antenna 2, basal article; c) Left maxilliped 3, ventral view; d) Left cheliped, dorsal view.

Genus Pitho Bell, 1835
Pitho lherminieri (Schramm, 1867)

(Fig.10)

Othonia lherminieri Schramm in Desbonne & Schramm
1867:20.

Pitho lherminieri- Rathbun, 1925:362, pl. 128, figs. 1-
2, pl.129, figs. 1-2, pl.252, fig.2; Coelho & Ramos,
1972:210; Williams, 1984:311, figs. 246, 259a;
Abele & Kim, 1986:48, 531, figs.d-e; Melo,
1996:271.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, no detailed locality,
FBP and RB coll. 28/Dec/2000, l9 (juvenile), cl:
9.9mm, cw: 8.7mm, MNRJ 17487; SNB, CRT and
NM coll. 03/Jul/2001, l9 (juvenile), cl: 7.2mm, cw:
5.8mm, MNRJ 17486.

Description - Two rostral spines wide, divergent at
base with extremities curving inward and upward;
margins setose (Fig.lOa). Carapace covered with
some curved setae and truncate spines (Fig. 10b);
anterolateral margin with five spines, two
posteriormost strongly reduced in females and

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young males (Fig.lOa); cervical groove and cardiac
region not well defined. Tubular orbits formed by
basal article of antennae 2 and with a preorbital
and a postorbital spine. Basal article of antennae
2 with one spine between preorbital and postorbital
spines (Fig. 10c). First movable article of antennae
2 flattened, wider than long. Third maxilliped, inner
margin of ischium, proximal outer and inner
margins of merus of with spines (Fig.lOd).
Chelipeds covered with small truncate spines and
some simple setae; propodus with two proximal

tubercles; fingers without hiatus, cutting edges
serrate. Pereopods 2-5 covered with small truncate
spines and simple setae; inner margin of dactyl
serrate.

Habitat - Found in calcareous bottoms, from
intertidal zone up to 10m.

Distribution - North Carolina to west Florida (USA),
Gulf of México, Antilles, Brazil - from Pará to São
Paulo, Fernando de Noronha (Melo, 1996); Rocas
Atoll (new occurrence).

Fig. 10- Pitho lherminieri (Schramm, 1867). MNRJ 17487, juvenile $ , cl: 9.9mm, cw: 8.7mm. a) Carapace, dorsal view; b)
Carapace detail; c) Left antenna 2, basal article; d) Left maxilliped 3, ventral view.

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Genus Podochela Stimpson, 1860
Podochela brasiliensis Coelho, 1972
(Fig.ll)

Podochela brasiliensis Coelho, 1972:122, fig.l;
Melo, 1996:186.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, 3°51,680’S,
33°49,604’W, PSY, PCP and AAA coll. 16/Oct/
2000, 29 (ovigerous), cl: 6.3-6.4mm, cw: 4.1-
4.2mm, MNRJ 17485.

Description - Rostrum triangular, not ending in a
spine, setose (Fig. 11a). Carapace, lateral margin
with one spine near gastric region; gastric region
elevated, with a small truncate spine and some
setae; posterior region, except for cardiac region,

depressed. Postorbital short truncate spine
inconspicuous. Basal article of antennae 2 slender
and long (Fig. 11b). Third maxilliped slender with
inner lateral margins of ischium and merus and
lateral margins of palp setose (Fig. 11c). Chelipeds
covered with short truncate spines and simple and
curved setae; fingers long, about same size as
propodus, cutting edges serrate, with a small
proximal hiatus; propodus with a row of small
truncate spines on upper edge, carpus with a small
proximal truncate spine (Fig. lld).

Habitat - Sampled between seaweed and sponges,
at 19m depth.

Distribution - Brazil - from Ceará to Sergipe (Melo,
1996); Rocas Atoll (new occurrence).

Fig.ll- Podochela brasiliensis Coelho, 1972. MNRJ 17485, ovigerous 9 , cl: 6.3mm, cw: 4.1mm. a) Carapace, dorsal view;
b) Left antenna 2, basal article; c) Right maxilliped 3, ventral view; d) Right cheliped, dorsal view.

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NEW RECORDS OF THE FAMILY MAJIDAE TO THE ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL

275

DISCUSSION

Aepinus septemspinosus (A.Milne-Edwards,
1879), Microphrys bicornutus, Mithraculus fórceps,
Mithrax hemphilli Rathbun, 1892, Mithrax
verrucosus, and Nemausa acuticornis were
previously recorded to Rocas Atoll (Coelho, 1969,
1971; Coelho & Ramos, 1972). The new collections
contain four species that represent first records
for this area: Chorinus heros, Macrocoeloma
concavum, Pitho lherminieri, and Podochela
brasiliensis . Aepinus septemspinosus is usually
recorded deeper than 10m on hard substrates, a
depth range that was poorly sampled during our
surveys. Mithrax hemphilli is known from the
intertidal zone deep to 60m and its record needs
confirmation.

Of the eight species collected from Rocas Atoll,
Mithrax verrucosus occurs only in the Brazilian
oceanic islands of Rocas Atoll and Fernando de
Noronha. Continental records of this species are
found from South Carolina (USA) to Antilles.
Podochela brasiliensis is the only endemic species
from Brazil collected during our surveys. All the
other species found in Rocas Atoll occur in the
Western Atlantic, including the Brazilian Province
(10°-35°S). These species also have their
distribution extended to the Guiana Province (5°S-
10°N) (Longhurst, 1998).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The first author thanks Dr. Cristiana Serejo (MNRJ)
for helping with the manuscript revision, two
anonymous for reviewing the manuscript, and the
group that went to the Rocas Attol to provide the
collects. The first author had financial support of
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à
Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ
(process number E-26/151.779/2000).

LITERATURE CITED

ABELE, L.G. & KIM, W., 1986. An illustrated guide to
the marine decapod crustaceans of Florida.

Tallahassee: State of Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation. 760p.

COELHO, P.A., 1969. A distribuição dos crustáceos
decápodos reptantes do norte do Brasil. Trabalhos
Oceanográficos da Universidade Federal do Recife,

9/11:223-238.

COELHO, P.A., 1971. Nota prévia sobre os Majidae do
Norte e Nordeste do Brasil (Crustacea, Decapoda).

Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 54:137-143.

COELHO, P.A., 1972. Descrição de três espécies novas
de Majidae do Brasil (Decapoda: Brachyura). Trabalhos
Oceanográficos da Universidade Federal do Recife,
13:119-132.

COELHO, P.A. & RAMOS, M.A., 1972. A constituição e
a distribuição da fauna de decápodos do litoral leste da
América do Sul entre as latitudes de 5°N e 39°S.

Trabalhos Oceanográficos da Universidade Federal do
Recife, 13:133-236.

DESBONNE, I. & SCHRAMM, A., 1867. Crustacés de la
Guadeloupe d’après un manuscrit du...I. Desbonne
comparé avec les échantillons de Crustacés de la
Collection et les derniéres publications de M.M.H. de
Saussure etW. Stimpson. I Partie. Brachyures:l-60.

HERBST, J.F.W., 1782-1804. Versuch einer

Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse, nebst einer
systematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen
Arten. Berlin: Stralsund. 274p.

LATREILLE, P.A., 1825. Genre de crustacés. In:

Bncyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle.
Bntomologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, des
Arachnides et des Insectes. Paris, 10:1-832.

LONGHURST, A., 1998. Ecological geography of the

sea. San Diego: Academic Press, 142-201.

MELO, G.A.S., 1996. Manual de identificação dos
Brachyura (caranguejos e siris) do litoral brasileiro.

São Paulo: Plêiade/ FAPESP, 603p.

MIERS, E.J., 1886. Report on the Brachyura collected
byH.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873-76. Report
on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S.
“Challenger”, Zoology, 17(49): 1-362.

MILNE-EDWARDS, A., 1875. Études sur les crustacés
podophthalmaires de la région méxicaine. In: Mission
Scientifique du Mexique et dans PAmérique Centrale.
Recherches zoologiques pour servir à 1’histoire de la
faune de 1’Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. Paris:
Ministère de 1’Instruction Publique, 5:57-120.

MILNE EDWARDS, H., 1832. Observation sur les crustacés
du genre Mithrax. Magasin de Zoologie, 2:1-16.

RATHBUN, M.J., 1925. The spider crabs of America. Bulletin
of the United States National Museum, 129:1-613.

STIMPSON, W., 1870. Preliminary report on the
Crustacea dredged in the Gulf Stream in the Straits of
Florida by L.F. de Pourtalés, assistant United States
Coast Survey. Part I. Brachyura. Bulletin of Museum
of Comparative Zoology of Harvard, 2(2): 109-160.

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WICKSTEN, M.K., 1993. A review and a model of WILLIAMS, A.B., 1984., Shrimps, lobsters, and crabs of
decorating behavior in spider crabs (Decapoda, the Atlantic Coast of the eastern United States, Maine

brachyura, Majidae). Crustaceana, 64(3) :314-325. to Florida. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 550p.

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Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.277-337, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

CARI D EA (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA: DISCIADIDAE, PALAEMONIDAE,
PROCESSIDAE, RHYNCHOCINETIDAE) FROM ROCAS ATOLL INCLUDING
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PERICLIMENAEUS BORRADAILE, 1951 1

(With 46 figures)

IRENE AZEVEDO CARDOSO 2
PAULO S. YOUNG 3

ABSTRACT: Periclimenaeus caraibicus, a species never recorded in Brazilian waters, is described, two new
species of the genus Periclimenaeus are described: P. brucei sp.nov. and P. crosnieri sp.nov. Furthermore, six
species previously recorded in Brazilian waters are redescribed: Discias serratirostris, Brachycarpus
biunguiculatus, Leander tenuicomis, Processa fimbriata, Processa brasiliensis, and Cinetorhynchus rigens. Of
these six species, only the two Processa were previously recorded in Rocas Atoll.

Key words: Caridea. Pontoniinae. Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov. Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov. Rocas Atoll.

RESUMO: Caridea (Crustacea, Decapoda: Disciadidae, Palaemonidae, Processidae, Rhynchocinetidae) de
Atol das Rocas incluindo duas novas espécies de Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1951.

Redescreve-se Periclimenaeus caraibicus, uma espécie nunca registrada no litoral brasileiro, e descrevem-se
duas novas espécies do gênero Periclimenaeus : Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov. e Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov.
Além disso, redescrevem-se seis espécies previamente registradas na costa brasileira: Discias serratirostris,
Brachycarpus biunguiculatus, Leander tenuicomis, Processa fimbriata, Processa brasiliensis e Cynertorhynchus
rigens. Destas seis, apenas as duas espécies de Processa já haviam sido registradas no Atol das Rocas.

Palavras-have: Caridea. Pontoniinae. Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov. Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov. Atol das Rocas.

INTRODUCTION

The Infraorder Caridea Dana, 1852 includes 36
families. The family Disciadidae Rathbun, 1902
includes three genera, only one of which occurs
in Brazilian waters. The family Palaemonidae
Rafinesque, 1815 is subdivided in two
subfamilies: Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815 with
18 genera, nine of which occur in Brazilian
waters, and Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1878 with 90
genera, five of which occur in Brazilian waters.
The family Processidae Ortmann, 1890 presents
three genera, two of which occur in Brazilian
waters. The family Rhynchocinetidae Ortmann,
1890 presents two genera, and only one occurs
in Brazilian waters (Holthuis, 1993; Ramos-Porto
& Coelho, 1998).

This study intends to describe the caridean
shrimps (except Alpheidae) collected in the Rocas
Atoll (03°52’S,33°48’W). A total of nine species are

treated herein; seven of them are redescribed and
two new species are described.

The carapace length was measured from rostrum
base to the carapace end. The nomenclature of
the mouth parts that cited by Mclaughlin (1980)
(Fig.l) and the nomenclature of the setae is that
proposed by Watling (1989) and Garm (2004)
(Fig.2).

SYSTEMATICS

Family Disciadidae Rathbun, 1902
Discias Rathbun, 1902

Discias Rathbun, 1902:289; Lebour, 1949:1107;
Kensley, 1983:2.

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum short,
dorsoventrally flattened; with or without antennal

1 Submitted on January 7, 2007. Accepted on April 20, 2007.

Petrobras grant.

2 Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Departamento de Invertebrados. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 202940, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
E-mail: irenecardoso@mn.ufrj.br.

3 In memoriam.

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I.A.CARDOSO & P.S.YOUNG

and branchiostegal spine. Mandible with or without Pereopod 1 with highly specialized cheia with
palp; incisor and molar process widely separated. circular dactyl. Dactyl of pereopod 3 simple
Pereopods 1 and 2 with ischium and merus fused. (modified from Kensley, 1983).

Fig.l- Mouth parts nomenclature. Hypothetical caridean. (A) left mandible; (B) left maxilla 1; (C) left maxilla 2; (D) left
maxilliped 1; (E) left maxilliped 2 (bas-basis; c-carpus; cx-coxa; d-dactyl; i-m-ischio-merus; pr-propod); (F) left maxilliped
3 (bas=basis; c=carpus; i-m=ischio-merus; p-d=propod-dactyl).

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279

Fig.2- Types of setae found in material examined. (A) hook; (B) cuspidate; (C) cuspidate serrate; (D) cuspidate denticulate;
(E) long cuspidate; (F) pappose; (G) densely plumose; (H) densely plumose articulated; (I) simple; (J) serrulate; (L)
papposerrate; (M) scattered plumose.

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Discias serratirostris Lebour, 1949
(Figs.3-6)

Discias serratirostris Lebour, 1949:1107, figs.l, 2;
Bruce, 1970:315; 1975:34; 1976:129; Chace, 1972:16;
Holthuis, 1981:791; Kensley, 1983:15, figs. 13-14.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, central lagoon,
near Guarapirá pool, lcf (1.2mm), MNRJ 19038.

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum short, lanceolate;
point acute; lateral margins serrate; with antennal
spine on carapace margin, branchiostegal spine
small; branchiostegal groove absent. Stylocerirte
reaches Vt of basal antennular article; anterolateral
tooth of basal article reaches Va of second antennular
article. Scaphocerite without distai teeth. Telson with
3 pairs of distai setae. Uropod exopod without serrate
outer margin.

Description - Carapace with rostrum short,
lanceolate, point acute, lateral margins serrate; with
antennal spine on carapace margin, and small
branchiostegal spine; branchiostegal groove absent
(Fig.3A, B). Broad stylocerite ending in sharp point,
half of basal antennular article length; anterolateral
tooth reaching half of second antennular article;
second antennular article without lobe on inner
margin (Fig.3C). Scaphocerite without distolateral
tooth; blade elongate, with anterior margin truncate
(Fig.3D). Maxilla 2 with broad scaphognathite with
densely plumose setae on all margins; endopod short,
less than half of scaphognathite length; two bilobed
endites, distai larger than basal, both with densely
plumose setae on inner margin (Fig.4A). Maxilliped
1 with large epipod; broad, short exopodal lobe with
densely plumose setae on outer margin; exopod short;
endopod three-fourths exopod length, with several
densely plumose setae on inner margin; endite with
densely plumose setae on straight inner margin
(Fig.4B). Maxilliped 2 with merus and ischium fused;
carpus short; propodus elongate, with serrulate setae
on inner margin; dactyl rounded, with serrulate setae
on inner margin (Fig.4C). Maxilliped 3 with tufts of
slender setae on all articles; propod-dactyl broad, with
cuspidate setae on outer margin, and serrulate setae
on inner margin (Fig.4D). Pereopod 1 robust, ischio-
merus with distai cuspidate setae on outer margin;
carpus reduced; dactyl circular, one-third propodus
length; propodus with one cuspidate seta at distai
inner angle (Fig.5A). Pereopods 3-5 with simple dactyl.
Pereopod 3, ischium with one cuspidate seta on inner
margin; merus with four cuspidate setae on inner
margin; propodus with five small cuspidate setae on
inner margin, last one at inner distai angle (Fig.5B).

Pereopod 4, ischium with two cuspidate setae on
inner margin; merus with four cuspidate setae on
inner margin; propodus with five cuspidate setae on
inner margin (Fig.5C). Pereopod 5, ischium with two
cuspidate setae on inner margin; merus with two
cuspidate setae on inner margin; propodus with six
small cuspidate setae on inner margin (Fig. 5D).
Abdômen with dorsal spine on somite 2 (Fig.ôC). Male
endopod of pleopod 1 leaf shaped, with simple setae
on distai margin (Fig. 6A). Endopod of pleopod 2 with
slender appendix interna, with many hook setae
distally; appendix masculina slender, with several
acute, simple setae distally (Fig.6B). Abdômen with
dorsal spine on somite 2 (Fig.ôC). Telson with three
pairs of dorsolateral cuspidate setae; three pairs of
distai setae, outer pair cuspidate and inner pair
simple; distai end slightly rounded (Fig.ôD). Exopod
of uropod without diaresis, lateral margin not ending
in sharp triangular projection, with strong
posterolateral stout seta that not overreaches exopod
tip (Fig. 6D).

Distribution - Western Atlantic Ocean: Bermuda,
Florida, Belize, Gulf of México, Brazil (Espírito
Santo and Rocas Atoll).

Remarks - Only Discias atlanticus Gurney, 1939
and D. serratirostris (Chace, 1972) are recorded in
the Atlantic Ocean. These two species occur in
Brazilian waters, the former from Maranhão to
Ceará and the latter in the Espírito Santo (Ramos-
Porto & Coelho, 1998). Others previous records of
D. serratirostris were from Bermuda, Florida, Belize,
and Gulf of México (Lebour, 1949; Kensley, 1983).

Discias atlanticus has a narrow rostrum, with
subparalell margins and the sixth abdominal
somite is twice as long as the fifth, while D.
serratirostris has the rostrum broadly triangular,
with serrate lateral margins and the sixth
abdominal somite is a little longer than the fifth.

The specimen examined agrees with the description
of Lebour (1949) in the triangular rostrum and serrate
lateral margins, by the mouth parts shape, and by
the pereopod 1 propodus and dactyl shape (the
pereopod 2 was lost in the specimen). However, the
small distolateral tooth on scaphocerite cited by
Lebour (1949) was not observed, and the cuspidate
setae on ischium, merus and propodus of pereopods
3-5 presents some variation in number and position.
The diagnostic characters cited by Kensley (1983) are:
rostrum lanceolate, apically acute with lateral
margins serrate; dorsal spine on abdominal somite
2; scaphocerite without distolateral tooth and telson
with three pairs of cuspidate setae on distai margin

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CARIDEA FROM ROCAS ATOLLINCLUDING TWO NEW SPECIES OF PERICLIMENAEUS BORRADAILE, 1951

281

and uropod exopod without diaresis. All these
characters agree with material examined except the
telson that has two pairs of distai cuspidate setae
and four pairs of dorsolateral cuspidate setae. The

number and position of cuspidate setae on ischium,
merus and propodus of pereopods 4 and 5 is similar
to that figured by Kensley (1983), who did not figured
the pereopod 3.

Fig.3- EHscias serratirostris Lebour, 1949, d , MNRJ 19038 (carapace length 1.2mm). (A) carapace and cephalic appendages,
lateral (as=antennal spine; bs=branchiostegal spine); (B) rostrum, dorsal; (C) right antennula, dorsal (st=stylocerite); (D)
right scaphocerite, dorsal.

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I.A.CARDOSO & P.S.YOUNG

Fig.4- Discias serratirostris Lebour, 1949, d , MNRJ 19038 (carapace length 1.2mm). (A) left maxilla 2, dorsal (end=endite;
enp=endopod;sc=scaphognathite); (B) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (el=exopodal lobe; end=endite; enp=endopod; ep=epipod;
exp=exopod); (C) left maxilliped 2, dorsal (exp=exopod); (D) left maxilliped 3, dorsal (exp=exopod).

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CARIDEA FROM ROCAS ATOLLINCLUDING TWO NEW SPECIES OF PERICUMENAEUS BORRADAILE, 1951

283

Fig.5- EHscias serratirostris Lebour, 1949, d , MNRJ 19038 (carapace length 1.2mm). (A) right pereopod 1, lateral; (B) left
pereopod 3, lateral; (C) left pereopod 4, lateral; (D) left pereopod 5, lateral.

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Fig.6- Discias serratirostris Lebour, 1949, d, MNRJ 19038 (carapace length 1.2mm). (A) left pleopod 1, lateral; (B) left
pleopod 2, lateral (ai=appendix interna; am=appendix masculina); (C) abdômen, lateral; (D) telson and uropods, dorsal.

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285

Family Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815
Subfamily Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815

Brachycarpus Bate, 1888

Brachycarpus Bate, 1888:795; Holthuis, 1952a:2.

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum long; with
antennal and hepatic spines. Mandibular palp with
three articles. Dactyl of pereopods 1-3 bifid. Telson
with two pairs of dorsal cuspidate setae (modified
from Holthuis, 1952a).

Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas, 1846)
(Figs.7-10)

Palaemon biunguiculatus Lucas, 1846:45, pl.4, fig.4.

Brachycarpus savignyi Bate, 1888:795, pl.129, fig.4.

Brachycarpus biunguiculatus - Holthuis, 1952:3,
pl.l, figs.a-q (with synonym); Chace, 1972:18.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, pool, ld
(14.0mm), MNRJ 19030; pool, 1 ovigerous 9
(ll.Omm), l9 (11.5mm) MNRJ 19031; pool, 29
(11.0, 6.0mm), MNRJ 19032; pool, l9 (10.5mm),
MNRJ 19033; no detailed locality, 1 juvenile
(3.0mm), MNRJ 19037.

Diagnosis - Carapace, rostrum upper margin with
seven or eight teeth, lower margin with three
teeth; antennal and hepatic spines present.
Stylocerite half of basal antennular article length,
anterolateral tooth reaches end of second
antennular article. Scaphocerite with strong
terminal tooth overreaching end of scale. Dactyl
of pereopods 3 to 5 bifid (modified from Holthuis,
1952a).

Description - Carapace with rostrum long,
reaching end of scaphocerite, upper margin
bearing eight teeth, lower margin with three teeth
and distai part unarmed; with antennal spine
slender; hepatic spine present; without
branchiostegal spine (Fig.7A). Stylocerite half
basal antennular article length, anterolateral
tooth reaching distai margin of second article
(Fig.7B). Scaphocerite with distai tooth strong,
distinctly overreaching end of scale (Fig.7C).
Mandible, incisor process with three acute distai
teeth, three acute median teeth, and a lateral
tubercle; molar process with three strong
triangular teeth distally; palp three-articulated,
reaching almost the end of incisor process
(Fig.8A). Maxilla 1 with one endite, with long

cuspidate setae on inner margin; palp bilobed,
lower lobe with curved acute point (Fig.8B). Maxilla
2 with broad scaphognathite with densely plumose
setae on all margins; endopod one-third of
scaphognathite length; endite bilobed with simple
setae on inner margin (Fig.8C). Maxilliped 1 with
short rounded exopodal lobe, densely plumose
setae on outer margin; slender and elongate exopod
with densely plumose setae on inner margin;
endopod almost one-fifth of exopod length, with
several papposerrate seta on inner and anterior
margins; endite bilobed, basal lobe rounded, distai
lobe straight, both with serrulate setae (Fig. 8D).
Maxilliped 2 with ischio-merus elongate; carpus
short; curved propodus, with long cuspidate
serrulate seta on distai and inner margins; dactyl
with serrulate setae on inner margin, long stout
simple setae on posterior margin; exopod elongate
with plumose setae on outer and distai margins
(Fig.8E). Maxilliped 3 ischio-merus with simple
setae on inner margin, six long cuspidate setae on
outer margin; carpus with simple setae on inner
margin; propod-dactyl with serrulate setae on inner
margin; exopod with densely plumose setae on
outer margin (Fig.8F). First pereopod with carpus
as long as propodus; dactyl slightly overreaching
propodus length; propodus and dactyl with tufts
of setae, more dense distally; cheia with slender
lamina in inner margin (Fig.9A). Pereopod 2 longer
and much stronger than first, dactyl half propodus
length; propodus and dactyl with tufts of setae;
cheia with slender lamina in inner margin (Fig.9B).
Pereopod 3 to 5 slender, dactyls bifid. Pereopods 3
and 4, propodus with six cuspidate setae on inner
margin (Fig.9C, D). Pereopod 5 longer than
pereopod 3-4 propodus with four cuspidate setae
on inner margin (Fig.9E). Male endopod of pleopod
1 rounded, with anterior distai lobe with hook setae
short plumose setae on anterior margin (Fig.lOA).
Male endopod of pleopod 2 with appendix interna
slender, with numerous hook setae distally;
appendix masculina subequal in length to appendix
interna, with serrulate setae distally (Fig. 10B).
Female endopod of pleopod 1 leaf like with plumose
setae on all margins (Fig.lOC). Female endopod of
pleopod 2 with appendix interna slender, elongate,
with hook setae at point (Fig. 10D). Telson with two
pairs of dorsolateral cuspidate setae; two pairs of
distai setae, outer cuspidate setae and inner simple
setae (Fig.lOE). Exopod of uropod with incomplete
diaresis; lateral margin ending in sharp triangular
projection; with a posterolateral cuspidate seta that
not overreaches exopod tip (Fig.lOE).

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A

Fig.7- Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas, 1846), 9 , MNRJ 19033 (carapace
length 10.5mm). (A) carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral (as=antennal
spine; hs=hepatic spine); (B) right antennula, dorsal (st=stylocerite); (C) right
scaphocerite, dorsal.

Distribution - Pacific and Indian Oceans:
American western coast (Clipperton Island); Red
Sea, Tanganyika, Ceylon, Japan, Hawaii.
Mediterranean Sea. Atlantic Ocean: West África
(Libéria), American eastern coast, Caribbean Sea,
Brazil: from Amapá to Espírito Santo, Fernando
de Noronha and Rocas Atoll.

Remarks - The genus Brachycarpus is

represented in the Western
Atlantic by two species that
occur in Brazilian waters:
Brachycarpus biunguiculatus
and B. holthuisi Fausto Filho,
1966. Brachycarpus holthuisi
has the rostrum convex
dorsally; dorsal cuspidate setae
on telson submarginal and
directed laterally; anterolateral
tooth of basal article of
antennular peduncle not
reaching the tip of second
article; mandibular palp
reduced, not reaching half of
incisor process length, first
pereopod carpus half as long as
propodus, in contrast to B.
biunguiculatus which has
rostrum straight dorsally,
dorsal cuspidate setae on
telson not submarginal and
directed posteriorly; antero
lateral tooth of basal
antennular article reaching
the tip of second article;
mandibular palp not reduced,
reaching at least, to distai
third of incisor process, and
first pereopod carpus slightly
longer than cheia.

The specimens agree mostly
with the description of Holthuis
(1952a) and with the diagnostic
characters cited by Chace (1972)
in the key of western Atlantic
species of Brachycarpus. The
only distinction observed was
that the first pereopod carpus
is slightly shorter than the
propodus, and not slightly
longer as cited by these
authors.

Leander Desmarest, 1849

Leander Desmarest, 1849:92; Holthuis, 1952a: 154.

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum long; with
antennal and branchiostegal spines; without
branchiostegal groove. Mandibular palp with 2
articles. All maxillipeds with exopods. Dactyl of
pereopods 1-3 simple (modified from Holthuis, 1952a).

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Leander tenuicomis (Say, 1818)
(Figs.11-14)

Palaemon tenuicomis Say, 1818:249.

Leander tenuicomis - Kingsley, 1878:66; Holthuis,
1952a: 155, pl.41, figs.a-g; pl.42, figs.a-f (with synonym).

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, 03°51.68’S,
33°49.64’W, 19m, l9 (9.5mm), MNRJ 19034.

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum long, larger in
female than in male, upper margin with eight to 14
teeth, lower margin with five to seven teeth; antennal
and branchiostegal spines present; branchiostegal
groove absent; córnea with dark colored horizontal
bands. Stylocerite reaches two-thirds of basal
antennular article; anterolateral tooth of basal article
reaches distai margin of second antennular article.
Scaphocerite with distai tooth strong, overreaching
end of scale (modified from Holthuis, 1952a).

Description - Carapace with rostrum long, larger in
female than in male, reaching end of scaphocerite,
upper margin with 11 teeth and lower with six teeth,
with minute simple setae between this teeth; antennal
and branchiostegal spines present; branchiostegal
groove absent; córnea with dark colored horizontal
bands (Fig.llA). Stylocerite reaches two thirds of
basal antennular article; anterolateral tooth of basal
article reaches distai margin of second antennular
article (Fig.llB). Scaphocerite with distai tooth,
overreaching end of scale (Fig. 11C). Mandible with
incisor process with three acute teeth; molar process
with strong rounded teeth at distai end; palp
biarticulated (Fig. 12A). Maxilla 1 with two endites,
basal endite with cuspidate setae on inner margin,
distai endite with stout and serrulate setae on inner
margin; palp bilobed distally, basal lobe with curved
acute point (Fig.l2B). Maxilla 2 with broad
scaphognathite with densely plumose setae on all
margins; endopod is one-fourth of scaphognathite
length; endite bilobed, slender, elongate, with simple
setae on inner margin (Fig.l2C). Maxilliped 1 with
epipod bilobed, basal endite sub-quadrate, distai
endite rounded, both with serrulate setae on inner
margin; short sub-quadrate exopodal lobe, with
densely plumose setae on outer margin; slender and
elongate exopod, with densely plumose setae on outer
margin and distally; endopod almost one-fifth of
exopod length, with slender long cuspidate setae;
endite bilobed, with serrulate setae on inner margin,
basal lobe rounded, twice length of distai lobe
(Fig.l2D). Maxilliped 2 with merus elongate, carpus
short triangular, propodus with short simple setae
on inner margin; dactyl rounded, with short serrulate

setae on inner margin; exopod elongate with plumose
setae distally (Fig.l2E). Maxilliped 3, ischio-merus
with simple setae on distai inner and outer margins;
carpus with simple setae on inner margin and
serrulate setae on outer margin; propod-dactyl with
serrulate setae on all margins and tufts of serrulate
setae on dorsal surface; exopod with densely plumose
setae on outer margin (Fig.l2F). Pereopod 1 slender,
reaching tip of scaphocerite; dactyl more than half
propodus length (Fig. 13A). Pereopod 3-5 slender with
simple dactyl. Pereopod 3 with propodus less than
three times longer than dactyl, with four cuspidate
setae on inner margin, and two pairs of distai
cuspidate setae, one at inner and one at outer angle
(Fig. 13B). Pereopod 4, propodus three times longer
than dactyl, with four cuspidate setae on inner
margin, two pairs of distai cuspidate setae, one at
inner and one at outer angle (Fig. 13C). Pereopod 5
with propodus more than three times longer than
dactyl, with ten cuspidate setae on inner margin, one
pair of cuspidate setae on distai angle (Fig.l3D).
Female endopod of pleopod 1 rounded, with densely
plumose setae on all margins (Fig.l4A). Endopod of
pleopod 2 with appendix interna slender elongate,
with numerous hook setae distally (Fig. 14B). Telson
with two pairs of dorsolateral cuspidate setae; three
distai cuspidate setae, and pair of simple setae
(Fig. 14C). Exopod of uropod without complete
diaresis; lateral margin ending in sharp triangular
projection (Fig.l4C).

Distribution - Tropical and Subtropical seas all over
the world, except for the American western coast.
It occurs in shallow waters near the seashore
between seaweeds (Holthuis, 1952a). Brazil: from
Maranhão to São Paulo and Rocas Atoll.

Remarks - The genus Leander includes four species,
two occurring in the Western Atlantic and in Brazilian
waters: Leander paulensis Ortmann, 1897 and L.
tenuicomis (Say, 1818). Manning (1961a) redescribed
L. paulensis and presented a table distinguishing both
Atlantic species. Leander paulensis does not show
sexual dimorphism in the shape of the rostrum; the
outer margin of basal antennular article is convex;
the stylocerite is short, reaching the middle of the
basal antennular article and the scaphocerite is
slender in both sexes. On the other hand, L.
tenuicomis has sexual dimorphism in the shape of
the rostrum; the female has a broadened ventral
margin; the outer margin of basal antennular article
is straight and the stylocerite is long, reaching the
distai third of the basal antennular article. The only
female examined agrees in all characters observed
by Holthuis (1952a) and Manning (1961a).

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Fig.8- Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas, 1846), $ , MNRJ 19033 (carapace length 10.5mm). (A) left mandible, dorsal
(ip=incisor process; mp=molar process; p=palp); (B) left maxilla 1, dorsal (end=endite; p=palp); (C) left maxilla 2, dorsal
(end=endite; enp=endopod; sc=scaphognathite); (D) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (el=exopodal lobe; end=endite; enp=endopod;
exp=exopod); (E) left maxilliped 2, dorsal (exp=exopod); (F) left maxilliped 3, dorsal (exp=exopod).

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Fig.9- Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas, 1846), 1895, $ , MNRJ 19033 (carapace length 10.5mm). (A) right pereopod 1,
lateral; (B) right pereopod 2, lateral; (C) right pereopod 3, lateral; (D) right pereopod 4, lateral; (E) right pereopod 5, lateral.

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Fig.10- Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas, 1846), d , MNRJ 19030 (carapace length 14mm). (A) left endopod of pleopod
1, lateral; (B) left pleopod 2, lateral (ai=appendix interna; am=appendix masculina). Brachycarpus biunguiculatus (Lucas,
1846), 9 , MNRJ 19033 (carapace length 10.5mm); (C). left endopod pleopod 1, lateral; (D) exopod and appendix interna
of pleopod 2 (ai=appendix interna); (E) telson and uropods.

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Fig.ll- Leander tenuicornis (Say, 1818), $ , MNRJ 19034 (carapace length 9.5mm). (A) carapace and cephalic
appendages, lateral (as=antennal spine; bs=branchiostegal spine); (B) right antennula, dorsal (st=stylocerite); (C)
right scaphocerite, dorsal.

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Fig.12- Leander tenuicomis (Say, 1818), 9 , MNRJ 19034 (carapace length 9.5mm). (A) left mandible, dorsal (ip=incisor
process; mp=molar process); (B) left maxilla 1, dorsal (end=endite; p=palp); (C) left maxilla 2, dorsal (end=endite;
enp=endopod; sc=scaphognathite); (D) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (el=exopodal lobe; end=endite; enp=endopod; ep=epipod;
exp=exopod); (E) left maxilliped 2, dorsal (exp=exopod); (F) left maxilliped 3, dorsal (exp=exopod).

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A

Fig.13- Leander tenuicomis (Say, 1818), 9 , MNRJ 19034 (carapace length 9.5mm). (A) left pereopod 1, lateral; (B) left
pereopod 3, lateral; (C) left pereopod 4, lateral; (D) left pereopod 5, lateral.

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B

3

3

Fig.14- Leander tenuicomis (Say, 1818), $ , MNRJ 19034 (carapace length 9.5mm). (A) left endopod of pleopod 1, lateral;
(B) left exopod and appendix interna of pleopod 2, lateral (ai=appendix interna); (C) telson and uropods, dorsal.

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Subfamily Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1878

Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915

Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915; Holthuis,
1951:76.

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum short; supra

orbital spine present or absent; with antennal
spine; without hepatic spine. Mandible with
incisor and molar process widely separated;
without palp. Pereopod 2 strong, generally
markedlly unequal, fingers hammer-shaped.
Pereopods 1-3 slender with dactyl simple or bifid
(modified from Holthuis, 1951).

Key to Atlantic species of Periclimenaeus (modified from Chace, 1972)

la. Telson with anterior pair of cuspidate setae arising from its anterior fourth (Fig. 19D).2

lb. Telson with anterior pair of cuspidate setae arising at end of its anterior third or posterior to it.... 10

2a. Telson with three pairs of distai cuspidate setae inserted in continuous line.3

2b. Telson with outer pair of distai cuspidate setae inserted distinctly anterior to the other two pairs.5

3a. Rostrum with one ventral tooth; carapace with denticle or tubercle posterior to orbit

(Fig.l5A) . P. caraibicus

3b. Rostrum without ventral tooth; carapace without denticle or tubercle posterior to orbit.4

4a. Maxilliped 3 with two distai articles broad; pereopod 1 with movable finger tapering to tip, not

strongly convex; minor pereopod 2 with fingers longer than palm. P. ascidiamm

4b. Maxilliped 3 with two distai articles slender; pereopod 1 with movable finger strongly convex; minor

pereopod 2 with fingers much shorter than palm. P. pearsei

5a. Rostrum with four dorsal teeth. P. chacei

5b. Rostrum with seven to 12 dorsal teeth.6

6a. Pereopod 1 distinctly long and slender, carpus nearly twice as long as cheia. P. perlatus

6b. Pereopod 1 not distinctly long and slender, carpus less than once and a half as long as cheia.7

7a Rostrum with seven to eigth dorsal teeth; telson with posterior pair of dorsolateral cuspidate setae

arising from anterior half of its segment.8

7b. Rostrum with ten to 12 dorsal teeth; telson with posterior pair of dorsolateral cuspidate setae arising

from its posterior half of segment. P. wilsoni

8a. Carapace inflated; major pereopod 2 with dactyl elongate, strongly overreaching propod (Figs.26A,

28A) . P. crosnieri sp. nov.

8b. Carapace not inflated; major pereopod 2 with dactyl not overreaching or slightly overreaching

propod.9

9a. Rostrum with eigth teeth; major and minor pereopod 2 o with rows of strong tubercles (Figs.20A,

22A). P. brucei sp. nov.

9b. Rostrum with seven to eigth teeth; major and minor pereopod 2 sub-rectangular, with scattered

tubercles. P. bredini

10a. Scaphocerite blade without distai tooth; pereopod 3 with dactyl bifid. P. schmitti

10b. Scaphocerite blade with distai tooth; pereopod 3 without distinct accessory tooth on flexor margin
of dactyl.11

lla. Rostrum with four dorsal teeth; scaphocerite with large distai tooth reaching distai margin of

blade. P. atlanticus

llb. Rostrum with one or two dorsal teeth; scaphocerite with small distai tooth not reaching distai

margin of blade. P. maxillulidens

Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951
(Figs. 15-19)

Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951:110, pl.32,
figs.h-j, pl.34.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, pool, 1

ovigerous 9 (3,0mm), 29 (2.5, 3.0mm), MNRJ
19035; pool, 1 ovigerous 9 (1.3mm), 49 (1.2 to
2.8mm), 1 juvenile (1.2mm), MNRJ 17892;
Barretão, 1 ovigerous 9 (2.0mm), MNRJ 19036;
pool, 1 ovigerous 9 (2.0mm), l9 (1.3mm), MNRJ
17918.

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Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum short, upper
margin with six teeth, lower margin slightly convex,
with one tooth; with small supraorbital spine and
strong antennal spine. Broad stylocerite ending in
a sharp point. Scaphocerite with strong distai tooth
that overreaches the scale. Female endopod of
pleopod 1 leaf shaped, with papposerrate seta on
distai part of anterior and posterior margins, and
on inner surface. Endopod of pleopod 2 with
appendix interna slender, short, with hook setae
distally. Telson with anterior pair of dorsolateral
cuspidate setae arising from its anterior fourth; three
pair of distai setae inserted in continuous line
(modified from Holthuis, 1951 and Chace, 1972).

Description - Carapace with rostrum directed slightly
downwards, upper margin with six teeth, lower
margin slightly convex, with one tooth; with small
supraorbital spine and strong antennal spine
(Fig. 15A). Stylocerite broad end acute, less than half
of basal antennular article length; strong anterolateral
tooth reaching two-thirds of the second antennular
article; second antennular article with small rounded
lobe on inner margin with a slender setae (Fig.l5B).
Scaphocerite with strong distai tooth overreaching
scale, distai tooth is one-fourth of the scale length;
inner margin of scale broad and rounded (Fig.l5C).
Mandible with incisor process with 13 small acute
distai teeth; molar process distally straight with row
of slender setae on inner margin and acute anterior
tooth (Fig. 16A). Maxilla 1 with two endites, both with
cuspidate serrulate seta and papposerrate seta on
inner margin; palp short, with curved acute point
(Fig. 16B). Maxilla 2 with elongate epipod; broad
scaphognathite with densely plumose setae on all
margins; endopod unarmed, less than half of
scaphognathite length; endite short, bilobed, with
papposerrate seta on inner margin (Fig.lóC).
Maxilliped 1 with short exopodal lobe, anterior margin
truncate, with densely plumose setae; slender and
elongate exopod, with densely plumose articulated
setae on anterior margin; endopod short, one-fourth
of exopod length; endite broad, inner margin straight,
with papposerrate seta (Fig.lóD). Maxilliped 2 with
ischio-merus short; carpus short, triangular;
propodus and dactyl rounded, with setae on inner
margin (Fig.l6E). Maxilliped 3 with carpus and
propod-dactyl with densely plumose setae on inner
margin (Fig. 16F). Pereopod 1 slender, dactyl one-third
propodus length; propodus and dactyl with tufts of
setae, more dense distally (Fig. 17A). Pereopods 2 very
unequal in size and shape, right stronger than left;
in both carpus short triangular; propodus densely
tuberculate and with small cuspidate setae; dactyl

with strong, rounded tooth that fits in a concavity on
the propodus cutting edge (Figs.l7B, C). Major
pereopod 2 with broad dactyl forming strong claw
(Fig.l7B). Minor pereopod 2 with dactyl elongate,
forming strong claw (Fig. 17C). Pereopod 3, propodus
with eight cuspidate setae on inner margin, and a
pair of cuspidate setae on distai inner angle (Fig. 17D).
Pereopod 4, propodus with five cuspidate setae on
inner margin, and pair of cuspidate setae on distai
inner angle (Fig. 17E). Pereopod 5, propodus with five
cuspidate setae on inner margin (Fig. 17F). Pereopod
3, dactyl with five teeth distributed on median inner
margin and one tooth on outer margin, sharp tip
(Fig.l8A). Pereopod 4, dactyl with seven teeth
distributed on entire inner margin, without tooth on
outer margin, sharp tip (Fig. 18B). Pereopod 5, dactyl
with six teeth distributed on distai inner margin, basal
inner margin serrate, blunt tip (Fig.l8C). Female
endopod of pleopod 1 leaf shaped, with papposerrate
seta on distai part of anterior and posterior margins,
and on inner surface (Fig.l9A). Endopod of pleopod
2 with appendix interna slender, short, with hook
setae distally (Fig. 19B, C). Telson with two pairs of
dorsolateral cuspidate setae; three pairs of posterior
marginal setae, outer cuspidate setae and two inner
simple setae; distai end slightly rounded (Fig.l9D).
Exopod of uropod without diaresis; lateral margin
ending in triangular projection, with a strong
posterolateral stout seta that sligthly overreaches
exopod (Fig.l9D).

Distribution - Western Atlantic: Caribbean Sea
(Tobago, Barbuda, Dominica, Santa Lucia), Brazil:
Rocas Atoll.

Remarks - This species has never been recorded in
Brazilian waters and was collected associated with
sponges in Rocas Atoll (Brazil). According to Chace
(1972), P. caraibicus can be found in a variety of
habitats as turtle-grass flats, near mangrove
swamps or associated with coral incrusted rocks.
From Maranhão to Paraíba, four species of
Penclimenaeus are known: P. ascidiamm Holthuis,
1951, P. atlanticus Rathbun, 1902, P. pearsei
(Schmitt, 1936), and P. perlatus (Boone, 1930)
(Young, 1986; Ramos-Porto & Coelho, 1998).

According to Holthuis (1951, 1952b), Bruce (1969,
1970, 1976, 1978, 1991, 1993, 1996) and others
(Barnard, 1958; Fujino & Myiake, 1968; Duris, 1990),
the genus Penclimenaeus comprises a total of 70
species, 46 of which occur in the Indo-West Pacific
and three in Eastern Pacific. The Atlantic species
are: P. atlanticus, P. wilsoni Hay, 1917, P. perlatus,
P. pearsei, P. maxillulidens Schmitt, 1936, P.

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ascidiarum, P. caraibicus, P. schmitti Holthuis, 1951,
P. chacei Abele, 1971 and P. bredini Chace, 1972.

Of the 10 species that occur in the West Atlantic, three
species have the telson with the anterior pair of
dorsolateral cuspidate setae arising from its anterior
third, the remaining species, including P. caraibicus
have the telson with the anterior pair of dorsolateral
cuspidate setae arising from its anterior fourth. Of
the remaining seven species only P. caraibicus, P.
ascidiarum and, P. pearsei have the telson with three
pairs of distai setae inserted in a continuous line. Of

these three species, only P. caraibicus presents a
rostrum with a ventral tooth, a carapace with
supraorbital spine or tubercle and a scaphocerite
with distolateral tooth distinctly overreaching scale.

The specimens examined agree with Holthuis’
(1951) description in most characters observed,
such as rostrum shape, presence of supraorbital
and antennal spines, and stylocerite, scaphocerite
and mouth parts shape. The outer pair of distai
setae on telson is inserted slightly anteriorly to the
mesial and inner pairs.

A

Fig.15- Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951, ovigerous $ , MNRJ 19035 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) carapace and
cephalic appendages, lateral (as=antennal spine; sos=supraorbital spine); (B) right antennula, dorsal (st=stylocerite); (C)
right scaphocerite, dorsal.

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Fig. 16- Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951, ovigerous 9 , MNRJ 19035 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) left mandible,
dorsal (ip=incisor process; mp=molar process); (B) left maxilla 1, dorsal (end=endite; p=palp); (C) left maxilla 2,
dorsal (end=endite; enp=endopod; ep=epipod; sc=scaphognathite); (D) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (el=exopodal lobe;
end=endite; enp=endopod; ep=epipod; exp=exopod); left maxilliped 2, dorsal (exp=exopod); left maxilliped 3, dorsal
(exp=exopod).

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Fig.17- Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951, ovigerous $ , MNRJ 19035 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) right pereopod
1, lateral; (B) right pereopod 2 , lateral; (C) left pereopod 2, lateral; (D) right pereopod 3, lateral; (E) right pereopod 4,
lateral; (F) right pereopod 5, lateral.

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Fig.18- Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951, ovigerous $ , MNRJ
dactyl lateral; (B) pereopod 4 dactyl lateral; pereopod 5 dactyl lateral.

19035 (carapace length 3.0mm).

(A) Pereopod 3

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Fig.19- Periclimenaeus caraibicus Holthuis, 1951, ovigerous 9 , MNRJ 19035 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) left endopod of
pleopod 1; (B) exopod and appendix interna of left pleopod 2 (ai=appendix interna); (C) appendix interna of left pleopod;
(D) telson and uropods, dorsal.

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Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov.

(Figs.20-25)

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, outer reef, 20m,
holotype: lovigerous9 (3.0mm); paratypes: l9 (2.5mm),
lcf (2.1mm), MNRJ 19040, in Ircina sp. (Porifera).

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum short, upper
margin with eight teeth, lower margin unarmed,
convex; without supraorbital spine; with sharp
antennal spine. Stylocerite broad ending in a sharp
point. Scaphocerite with small distai tooth that do
not overreach scale. Major pereopod 2 with tooth
on dactyl margin, fitting in a cavity on propod. Telson
with anterior pair of dorsolateral cuspidate setae
arising from its anterior fourth; lateral pair of distai
setae inserted distinctly anterior to intermediate and
mesial pairs.

Description - Carapace, rostrum directed downwards,
upper margin with eight teeth, lower margin
unarmed, convex; without supraorbital spine; with
sharp antennal spine present (Fig.20A). Stylocerite
broad ending in sharp point, less than half of basal
antennular article length; strong anterolateral tooth
reaching two-thirds of second antennular article;
second antennular article without small rounded lobe
on inner margin (Fig.20B). Scaphocerite with small
distai tooth, not overreaching scale; inner margin of
scale broad and rounded (Fig.20C). Mandible with
incisor process slender, blade shaped, ending in a
sharp point; molar process with acute distai teeth
and a distai strong tooth (Fig.21A). Maxilla 1 with
two endites, basal endite with eight long cuspidate
setae on inner margin; distai endite short and
rounded, with simple setae on inner margin; palp
short and broad (Fig.21B). Maxilla 2 with broad
scaphognathite, densely plumose setae on all
margins; endopod one-third of scaphognathite length;
endite short, with densely plumose setae on inner
margin (Fig.21C). Maxilliped 1 with epipod rounded,
bilobed; elongate exopodal lobe with densely plumose
setae on all margins, anterior margin rounded;
slender and elongate exopod with densely plumose
setae on distai margin; endopod short, one-third of
exopod length; endite broad with densely plumose
setae on inner margin (Fig.21D). Maxilliped 2 with
ischio-merus short; carpus short, triangular;
propodus and dactyl curved, with serrulate setae on
inner margin (Fig.21E). Maxilliped 3 with simple setae
on inner margin of all articles (Fig.21F). Pereopod 1
slender, dactyl one-third of propodus length;
propodus and dactyl with tufts of setae (Fig. 23A).
Pereopods 2 veiy unequal in size and shape, right
stronger than left; both with carpus short, triangular;

propodus covered with many rows of sub-quadrate
tubercles and with rounded concavity where a strong
hammer shaped tooth of dactyl fits; broad dactyl
forming strong claw; dactyl less than one-third of
propodus length (Figs.22A, B). Pereopod 3, propodus
with five cuspidate setae on inner margin (Fig.23B).
Pereopod 4, propodus with four cuspidate setae on
inner margin (Fig.23C). Pereopod 5, propodus with
two small cuspidate setae on inner margin (Fig.23D).
Pereopods 3-5 with dactyls bifid. Pereopods 3 and 4
with dactyl outer margin veiy concave (Fig.24A, B).
Pereopod 5 with dactyl outer margin slightly concave
(Fig.24C). Male endopod of pleopod 1 leaf like, with
densely plumose setae on all margins (Fig.25A).
Endopod of pleopod 2 with appendix interna slender,
short, with numerous hook setae distally; appendix
masculina short, with one simple acute setae distally
(Fig.25B, C). Telson with three pairs of dorsolateral
cuspidate setae; two pairs of distai slender setae;
distai end truncate (Fig.25D). Exopod of uropod
without complete diaresis; lateral margin not ending
in sharp triangular projection; with a strong
posterolateral stout seta that overreaches exopod and
endopod (Fig.25D).

Distribution - Known only from the type-locality,
Barretão, Rocas Atoll, Brazil, 20m, in Ircina sp.

Etymology - In honor of Dr. Alexander Bruce
(Queensland Museum, Australia), who has
contributed so much to knowledge of Caridea,
especially the Pontoniinae.

Remarks - Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov. has the
anterior pair of dorsolateral cuspidate setae arising
posteriorly to its anterior fourth. Periclimenaeus
pearsei, P. ascidiarum, and P. caraibicus have the three
distai setae of telson inserted in a continuous line,
distinct from P. brucei sp.nov. which has the outer
pair of distai setae situated anteriorly to the others.
Periclimenaeusperlatus has the pereopod 1 with carpus
nearly twice as long as propod, while P. brucei sp.nov.
has the carpus less than three-fourths as long as
propod. Periclimenaeus wilsoni has ten to twelve teeth
on rostrum and major pereopod 2 subretangular, with
tubercles arranged in a honeycomb pattem; P. bredini
has seven teeth on rostrum and major pereopod 2
subretangular, with scattered tubercles; and P. brucei
sp.nov. has eight teeth on rostrum and major pereopod
2 broad at base, tapering distally, with scattered strong
tubercles (Tab.l).

The three specimens of P. brucei sp.nov. were collected
in sponges, Ircina sp., at 20m depth, therefore probably
this species is an obligate symbiont. Most of the species
of this genus live in sponge and cnidarians.

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Fig.20- Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov., ovigerous 9 , holotype, MNRJ 19040 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) carapace and
cephalic appendages, lateral (as=antennal spine; sbrg=suprabranchial groove); (B) right antennula, dorsal (st=stylocerite);
(C) right scaphocerite, dorsal.

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Fig.21- Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov., ovigerous $ , holotype, MNRJ 19040 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) left mandible,
dorsal (ip=incisor process; mp=molar process); (B) let maxilla 1, dorsal (end=endite; p=palp); (C)left maxilla 2, dorsal
(end=endite; enp=endopod; ep=epipod; sc=scaphognathite); (D) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (el=exopodal lobe; end=endite;
enp=endopod; ep=epipod; exp=exopod); (E) left maxilliped 2, dorsal (exp=exopod); (F) left maxilliped 3, dorsal (exp=exopod).

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Fig.22- Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov., ovigerous 9 , holotype, MNRJ 19040 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) left pereopod 2,
lateral; (B) right pereopod 2, lateral.

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Fig.23- Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov., ovigerous 9 , holotype, MNRJ 19040 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) right pereopod 1,
lateral; (B) right pereopod 3, lateral; (C) right pereopod 4, lateral; (D) right pereopod 5, lateral.

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307

Fig.24- Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov., ovigerous 9 , holotype, MNRJ 19040 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) Pereopod 3
dactyl lateral; (B) pereopod 4 dactyl lateral; pereopod 5 dactyl lateral.

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Fig.25- Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov., d , paratype, MNRJ 19039 (carapace length 2.1mm). (A) right pleopod 1, lateral; (B)
right pleopod 2, lateral; (C) appendix interna and masculina of pleopod 2, lateral (ai=appendix interna; am=appendix
masculina). Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov., ovigerous 9 , holotype, MNRJ 19040 (carapace length 3.0mm); (D) telson and
uropods, dorsal.

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TABLE 1. Comparison between Periclimenaeus brucei sp.nov., Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov. and closely related species.

P. pearsei

P. wilsoni

P. chacei

P. bredini

P. brucei

P. crosnieri

sp.nov.

sp.nov.

Teeth on rostrum

4 (serrate)

10-12

4

7

8

7

Carapace

inflated

not inflated

not inflated

not inflated

not inflated

inflated

Dactyl of major P 2

sightly

not

strongly

not

sightly

strongly

overreach

overreach

overreach

overreach

overreach

overreach

propod

propod

propod

propod

propod

propod

Major P 2 dactyl shape

curved

normal,

elongate

normal,

normal,

elongate

upward

rounded

rounded

rounded

Major P 2 propodus

broaden

almost

elongate

almost

broaden

elongate

shape

retangular

retangular

Major P 2 ornamentation

smooth

with

smooth

scattered

strong

smooth, but

tubercles

tubercles

tubercles

spotted

Minor P2 ornamentation

smooth

several

_

scattered

rows of strong

smooth

tubercles

tubercles

tubercles

Minor P 2 shape

almost

almost

_

broaden

almost

broad at base

retangular

retangular

retangular

tapering

distally

Posterior pair of

from its

from its

from its

from its

from its

from its

dorsolateral setae on
telson arising

posterior half

anterior half

posterior half

anterior half

anterior half

anterior half

(P) pereopod.

Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov.

(Figs.26-31)

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, outer reef, 15 to
20m, holotype: l9 (5.3 mm), MNRJ 17914, in
sponge.

Diagnosis - Carapace dorsoventrally expanded,
rostrum short, upper margin with seven teeth,
lower margin slightly convex; without
supraorbital spine; with short antennal spine.
Stylocerite broad, end acute. Scaphocerite with
strong distai tooth that not overreaches the scale.
Major pereopod 2 with tooth on dactyl margin,
fitting in a cavity on propod. Telson with anterior
pair of dorsolateral cuspidate setae arising from
its anterior fourth; lateral pair of distai cuspidate
setae inserted distinctly anterior to intermediate
and mesial pairs.

Description - Carapace dorsoventrally
expanded, with rostrum directed slightly
downwards, upper margin with six teeth, lower

margin unarmed, slightly convex; without
supraorbital spine; with short antennal spine;
branchiostegal angle rounded, anteriorly
produced (Fig.26A). Stylocerite broad ending in
sharp point, half of basal antennular article
length; strong anterolateral tooth reaching one-
third of second antennular article; second
antennular article without small rounded lobe
on inner margin (Fig.26B). Scaphocerite with
strong distai tooth not overreaching scale; inner
margin of scale broad and rounded (Fig.26C).
Mandible with incisor process blade shaped,
ending in cutting edge; molar process distally
straight with subquadrate anterior tooth
(Fig.27A). Maxilla 1 with two endites, distai
endite with stout and papposerrate seta on
inner margin; basal endite with serrulate setae
on inner margin; palp short, with curved acute
point (Fig.27B). Maxilla 2 with broad
scaphognathite with densely plumose setae on
all margins; endopod one-third of
scaphognathite length; endite short, with

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simple setae on inner margin (Fig.27C).
Maxilliped 1 with broad exopodal lobe with
densely plumose setae on outer margin; slender
and elongate exopod, with articulated plumose
setae on distai margin; endopod short, less than
half exopod length, with a simple setae on inner
margin; endite broad with papposerrate seta on
inner margin (Fig.27D). Maxilliped 2 with
ischio-merus and carpus short; propodus and
dactyl curved, with denticulate and densely
plumose setae on inner margin (Fig.27E).
Maxilliped 3 with tufts of densely plumose setae
on inner margin of all articles; exopod with
densely plumose articulated setae on distai
margin (Fig.27F). Pereopod 1 slender, dactyl
less than one-third propodus length; propodus
and dactyl with distai tufts of setae (Fig.29A).
Pereopods 2 very unequal in size and shape,
right stronger than left; in both, carpus short,
triangular; propodus covered with lines forming
a mosaic and with rounded concavity, where a
strong hammer shaped tooth of dactyl fits;
broad dactyl forming strong claw that distinctly
overreaches propodus tip, dactyl less than one-
third propodus length (Figs.28A, B). Pereopod
3, propodus with three cuspidate setae on inner
margin, and one cuspidate seta near
articulation with dactyl (Fig.29B). Pereopod 4,
propodus with one cuspidate seta on inner
margin, and one cuspidate seta near
articulation with dactyl (Fig.29C). Pereopod 5,
propodus without cuspidate setae (Fig.29D).
Pereopods 3-5 with dactyls bifid (Fig.30A-C).
Pereopod 5, dactyl with two basal tubercles on
inner margin (Fig.30C). Female endopod of
pleopod 1 leaf shaped, with densely plumose
setae on all margins (Fig.31A). Endopod of
pleopod 2 with appendix interna slender, with
numerous hook setae distally (Fig.31B, C).
Telson with three pairs of dorsolateral
cuspidate setae; two pairs of distai slender
setae; distai end truncate (Fig.31D). Exopod of
uropod without complete diaresis; lateral
margin ending in sharp triangular projection;
with strong posterolateral stout seta not
overreaching exopod and endopod (Fig.31D).

Distribution - Known only from the type-locality
in the Rocas Atoll, Brazil, 15-20m.

Etymology - In honor of Dr. Alain Crosnier
(Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France) in
recognition of his very important contributions to
caridean knowledge.

Remarks - Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov. is
closely related to P. brucei sp.nov., P. wilsoni, and
P. bredini. These species have the anterior pair of
dorsolateral cuspidate setae on telson arising
posteriorly to its anterior fourth; the outer pair of
distai setae on telson anteriorly situated and the
pereopod 1 has the carpus less than three-fourths
as long as propodus. Periclimenaeus wilsoni has
ten to 12 teeth on rostrum, carapace not inflated
and dactyl of larger pereopod 2 not overreaching
propodus tip, whereas P. crosnieri sp.nov. has
seven teeth on the rostrum, carapace inflated and
the dactyl of major pereopod 2 strongly
overreaching propodus tip. Periclimenaeus bredini
does not have inflated carapace, the dactyl of
major pereopod 2 not overreaches propodus tip
and the minor and major pereopods 2 has
scattered tubercles, while P. crosnieri sp.nov. has
inflated carapace, the dactyl of major pereopod 2
strongly overreacing propodus tip and both
pereopods 2 smooth.

Furthermore, despite P. chacei Abele, 1971
presents a distinct position of the distai setae on
telson, it has the dactyl very similar to P. crosnieri
sp.nov. Both dactyl strongly overreach their
propodus tip. In the same way, P. pearsei
(Schmitt, 1936) has a distinct positioning of the
distai setae on telson but it has a carapace shape
very similar to P. crosnieri sp.nov.; their carapaces
are very inflated, with their height more than
three-fourths of its length.

Table 1 lists the differential characters of the
species closely related to P. brucei sp.nov. and to
P. crosnieri sp.nov.

The only female of P. crosnieri sp.nov. was
collected in sponges at a depth of 15 to 20m, and
probably this species is another obligate sponge
associate.

Family Processidae Ortmann, 1890
Processa Leach ,1815

Processa Leach, 1815: plate 41; De Man,
1920:197; Holthuis, 1955:116; Nouvel & Holthuis,
1957:7.

Diagnosis - Mandible without incisor process and
palp. Only one of first pereopods chelate, the
other with simple dactyl; both first pereopods
lacking exopods.

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Fig.26- Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov., 9 , holotype, MNRJ 17914 (carapace length 5.3mm). (A) carapace and cephalic
appendages, lateral (as=antennal spine); (B) right antennula, dorsal (st=stylocerite); (C) right scaphocerite, dorsal.

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Fig.27- Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov., 9 , holotype, MNRJ 17914 (carapace length 5.3 mm). (A) left mandible, dorsal
(ip=incisor process; mp=molar process); (B) leftmaxilla 1, dorsal (end=endite; p=palp); (C) leftmaxilla2, dorsal (end=endite;
enp=endopod; ep=epipod; sc=scaphognathite); (D) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (el=exopodal lobe; end=endite; enp=endopod;
ep=epipod; exp=exopod); (E) left maxilliped 2, dorsal (exp=exopod); (F) left maxilliped 3, dorsal (exp=exopod).

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Fig.28- Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov., 9 , holotype, MNRJ 17914 (carapace length 5.3mm). (A) left pereopod 2, lateral;
(B) right pereopod 2, lateral.

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Fig.29- Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov., 9 , holotype, MNRJ 17914 (carapace length 5.3mm). (A) right pereopod 1, lateral;
(B) right pereopod 3, lateral; (C) right pereopod 4, lateral; (D) right pereopod 5, lateral.

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315

Fig.30- Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov., 9 , holotype, MNRJ 17914 (carapace length 5.3mm). (A) Pereopod 3 dactyl lateral;
(B) pereopod 4 dactyl lateral; (C) pereopod 5 dactyl lateral.

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Fig.31- Periclimenaeus crosnieri sp.nov., 9 , holotype, MNRJ 17914 (carapace length 5.3 mm). (A) endopod of left pleopod
1, lateral; (B) exopod and appendix interna of left pleopod 2 (ai=apendix interna); (C) appendix interna of left pleopod 2,
lateral; (D) telson and uropods, dorsal.

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Processa brasiliensis Christoffersen, 1979
(Figs.32-35)

Processa brasiliensis Christoffersen, 1979:364,
figs.34, 35; Nõel, 1986:261-301.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, Cemitério Island
margin, 5 ovigerous9 (4.0 to 6.5mm), l9 (4.0mm),
lcT (4.0mm), MNRJ 19021; Cemitério Island margin,
l9 (4.0mm), MNRJ 19027; pool, l9 (2.0mm), 1 d
(2.0mm), MNRJ 19042; pool, 1 ovigerous9 (5.0mm),
MNRJ 19022; pool, 9 ovigerous 9 (4.5 to 7.0mm),
49 (3.5 to 4.0mm), MNRJ 19025; central lagoon,
close to Farol Island, lcf (3.0mm), l9 (3.0mm),
MNRJ 19028; Barretinha channel, 2d (3.0, 3.5 mm),
MNRJ 19024; northwestern Rocas atoll, ld”
(3.0mm), MNRJ 19029.

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum short; antennal
spine present. Stylocerite with teeth on anterior
inner margin. Somites 1-5 without pair of spines
on sternum. Right pereopod 2 merus with ten to 14
articles and carpus with 23-33 articles; left pereopod
2 merus with five articles, and carpus with 13-19
articles. Pleura of fifth abdominal somite lacking
distinct posterolateral tooth. Lobe on abdominal
somite 6, above articulation with uropod, unarmed
(modified from Christoffersen, 1979).

Description - Eye large, reaching proximal third
of scaphocerite. Carapace with rostrum not
overreaching distai margin of córnea, tip bifid, with
some setae, lower tooth longer than upper, lower
margin convex and with numerous setae; with
antennal spine (Fig.32A). Stylocerite rounded
anteriorly, without acute tooth on inner margin,
outer margin unarmed (Fig.32B). Scaphocerite
extending beyond antennular peduncle, with
distai spine on outer margin, overreaching
scaphocerite, distai end truncate (Fig.32C).
Mandible with molar process bearing strong teeth
and numerous tubercles distally (Fig.32D). Maxilla
1 with one endite with pappose and six cuspidate
serrulate seta on inner margin; palp hook like
(Fig.32E). Maxilla 2, with broad scaphognathite,
with densely plumose setae on all margins;
endopod one-fifth of scaphognathite length; endite
rounded, with several simple setae on inner
margin (Fig.32F). Maxilliped 1 with elongate
unarmed epipod; broad exopodal lobe, with
densely plumose setae on outer margin; slender
and elongate exopod, with several simple setae
distally; endopod is almost half of exopod length,
with simple setae on outer margin; endite bilobed,
distai lobe straight, with scattered plumose setae

on inner margin, basal lobe with triangular shape,
unarmed (Fig.32G). Maxilliped 2 with ischio-
merus short; carpus short, triangular; propodus
elongate; dactyl short with denticulate and
cuspidate serrulate seta on inner margin
(Fig.32H). Maxilliped 3 with ischio-merus elongate;
carpus short with densely plumose setae on inner
and outer margins; propod-dactyl with two
cuspidate setae on outer margin and densely
plumose setae on inner and outer margins; exopod
short, with dense plumose setae on distai margin
(Fig.32I). Right pereopod 1 chelate; propodus little
more than twice dactyl length; all articles with
simple setae (Fig.33A). Left pereopod 1 with simple
dactyl, almost one-third of propodus length; all
articles with simple setae (Fig.33B). Right
pereopod 2 longer than left, ischium with two
articles, merus with 14 articles and carpus with
31 articles, dactyl half propodus length (Fig.34A).
Left pereopod 2 with ischium entire; merus with
five articles and carpus with 13 articles, dactyl
almost half propodus length (Fig.34B). Pereopod
3, merus with four and ischium with two cuspidate
setae on inner margins; carpus unarmed;
propodus three times longer than dactyl, with tuft
of setae distally; slender dactyl with setae distally
(Fig.34C). Pereopod 4, merus with three, and
ischium with two cuspidate setae on inner
margins; carpus unarmed; propodus two times
longer than dactyl, with tuft of setae distally;
slender dactyl with setae on distai tip (Fig.34D).
Pereopod 5 with merus, ischium and carpus
unarmed; propodus with tuft of setae distally;
slender dactyl with distai setae (Fig.34E).
Abdômen, somites 1-4 with pleura rounded,
somites 5-6 with pleura sub-quadrate, somite 5
without conspicuous posterolateral tooth
(Fig.35E). Male pleopod 1, endopod with rounded
point, with slender setae on posterior and distai
margins (Fig.35A). Male pleopod 2, appendix
masculina extending to extremity of endopod, with
six cuspidate setae on inner surface and three
distai acute simple setae (Fig.35B). Female
pleopod 1, endopod leaf shaped, with slender setae
on anterior and posterior margins (Fig.35C).
Female pleopod 2, endopod with slender appendix
interna, with simple setae distally (Fig.35D).
Exopod of uropod without diaresis; lateral margin
ending in sharp triangular projection, with strong
spine (Fig.35F). Telson with three pairs of
dorsolateral cuspidate setae, distai one smaller
than other; three pairs of distai cuspidate setae,
median pair stronger (Fig.35F).

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Distribution - Brazil: Rocas Atoll and Pernambuco
to south of Bahia.

Remarks - The genus Processa includes 45
species, of which 20 occur in the Indo-West Pacific
and 25 occur in the Atlantic Ocean. On the
Brazilian coast, six species have been previously
recorded: Processa bermudensis (Rankin, 1900),
P. brasiliensis, P. fimbriata Manning & Chace,
1971, P. guyanae Holthuis, 1959, P. hemphilli
Manning & Chace, 1971, and Processa profunda
Manning & Chace, 1971 (Christoffersen, 1998).

Of the 25 Atlantic species, ten have the pleura of
abdominal somite 5 with posterolateral tooth, in
contrast to P. brasiliensis which has the pleura of
abdominal somite 5 rounded, lacking posterolateral
tooth. Of the remaining 15 Atlantic species,
Processa bermudensis (Rankin, 1900) and P. vicina
Manning & Chace, 1971, do not have an antennal
spine, while P. brasiliensis has a distinct antennal
spine. Processa parva Holthuis, 1951, P. hemphilli
Manning & Chace, 1971 and P. pippinae Wicksten
86 Méndez, 1985 have the pereopod 2 symmetrical,
distinct from the other 11 species, including P.
brasiliensis, which have the pereopod 2
asymmetrical. Processa elegantula Nouvel 86
Holthuis, 1957 and P. wheeleri Lebour, 1941 have
the pereopod 2 sligthly asymmetrical, while P.
brasiliensis has the peropod 2 very asymmetrical.
Processa profunda Manning 86 Chace, 1971 and P.
mediterrânea (Parisi, 1915) have the lobe on
abdominal somite 6 above the uropod articulation
produced in a posterior spine, distinct from P.
brasiliensis that has the lobe on abdominal somite
6 above the uropod articulation without posterior
tooth. Processa canaliculata Leach, 1815 has the
stylocerite with strong lateral tooth, while in P.
brasiliensis this tooth is absent. Processa famélica
Manning 86 Hart, 1991 has the rostrum extending
beyond the eyes, while P. brasilensis has the
rostrum shorter than eyes. Processa vossi Manning,
1991 has the right pereopod 2 with 18-19 articles
on the merus, and 27-31 articles on carpus, and
the telson with two pairs of dorsolateral cuspidate
setae, while P. brasiliensis has the right pereopod
2 with ten to 14 articles on the merus, and 23-33
articles on the carpus, and the telson with three
pairs of dorsolateral cuspidate setae. Processa
guyanae Holthuis, 1959 has the carpus of the right
second pereopod with more than 40 articles, while
P. brasiliensis has the carpus with 26-33 articles.
The most closely related species to P. brasiliensis
is P. borboronica Holthuis, 1952. Processa

borboronica has the antennal spine short; the
stylocerite with lateral angle of anterior margin
produced in a minute tooth; and appendix
masculina of second pleopod reaching only two-
thirds to three-fourths of the endopod length,
distinct from P. brasiliensis which has a long
antennal spine, a stylocerite with lateral angle of
anterior margin rounded; and appendix masculina
reaching the tip of endopod. Other distinctions
between these two species are listed by
Christoffersen (1979).

The specimens examined agree with
Christoffersen's (1979) description, in all
diagnostic characters examined. However, the
number of articles in the merus and the carpus of
second right and left pereopods presents
variations. The articles of all specimens were
counted and it was observed that four of the five
examined males present a lower number of articles
(right pereopod 2 merus 7-9, carpus 19-21; left
pereopod 2 merus 5, carpus 9-12) than
Christoffersen' s (1979) specimens. Non ovigerous
females and ovigerous females present a high
number of articles and are inside the range
described by Christoffersen (1979). Four
specimens present a number of articles larger than
the observed by Christoffersen (1979) in right
pereopod 2 merus (17-18).

Processa fimbriata Manning 86 Chace, 1971
(Figs.36-39)

Processa canaliculata - Rathbun, 1902:14 (not Leach,
1815).

Processa fimbriata Manning 86 Chace, 1971:19, figs.8-
10; Chace, 1972:243.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, Barretão channel,
l9 (5mm), MNRJ 19023.

Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum short; antennal
spine present. Stylocerite with acu te teeth on anterior
outer margin. Somites 1-5 with pair of spines on
sternites. Right pereopod 2 with 13-16 articles on
merus, and 31-40 articles on carpus; left pereopod 2
with four to six articles on merus, and 15-18 articles
on carpus. Pleura of fifth abdominal somite with
distinct posterolateral tooth. Lobe on abdominal
somite 6, above articulation with uropod with
posterior tooth (modified from Manning 86 Chace, 1971).

Description - Eye large, reaching proximal half of
scaphocerite. Carapace with rostrum not
overreaching distai margin of córnea, bifid tip, lower

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tooth longer than upper, lower margin slightly
convex, with numerous setae; with antennal spine
(Fig.36A). Stylocerite truncated anteriorly, with
acu te teeth on outer margin, inner margin unarmed
(Fig.36B). Scaphocerite extending beyond
antennular peduncle, with distai spine on outer
margin, that does not overreach scaphocerite, distai
end truncate (Fig.36C). Mandible with molar process
bearing a tooth with margins covered by cuspidate
setae and many strong teeth distally (Fig.36D).
Maxilla 1 with one endite, with simple and long
cuspidate serrulate seta on inner margin; palp hook
like (Fig.36E). Maxilla 2, broad scaphognathite with
densely plumose setae on all margins; endopod one-
fourth of scaphognathite length; endite with
papposerrate seta on inner margin (Fig.36F).
Maxilliped 1 with elongate unarmed epipod; broad
exopodal lobe with densely plumose setae on all
margins; slender elongate exopod, with densely
plumose setae on outer margin; endopod one-third
of exopod length; endite rounded, with densely
plumose setae on inner margin (Fig.36G).
Maxilliped 2 with ischio-merus short; carpus
short, triangular; propodus elongate; dactyl short
with serrulate setae on inner margin (Fig.36H).
Maxilliped 3, ischio-merus elongate with simple
setae on inner margin; carpus with tufts of
serrulate setae on outer surface; propodus and
dactylus with tufts of densely plumose setae on
inner margin, and 6 cuspidate setae on outer
margin (Fig.361). Right pereopod 1 chelate;
propodus about slightly more than twice dactyl
length; all articles with simple setae (Fig.37A). Left
pereopod 1 with simple dactyl slightly less than one-
third of propodus length, all articles with simple
setae (Fig.37B). Right pereopod 2 longer than left,
ischium with two articles; merus with 13 articles
and carpus with 31 articles; dactyl half propodus
length (Fig.37C). Left pereopod 2 with unsegmented
ischium; merus with five articles and carpus with
13 articles; dactyl about one-third propodus length
(Fig.37D). Pereopod 3, merus and ischium with two
cuspidate setae on inner margin; carpus with pairs
of setae along inner and outer margins; propodus
three times longer than dactyl, with tuft of setae
distally; slender dactyl with setae distally (Fig.38A).
Pereopod 4 merus with three, and ischium with two
cuspidate setae on inner margin; carpus slender,
with simple setae on inner and outer margins;
propodus four times longer than dactyl, with tufts
of setae distally; dactyl with setae distally (Fig.38B).
Pereopod 5 merus, ischium and carpus unarmed;
propodus with simple setae on inner and outer

margins; female with four cuspidate setae on inner
margin; slender dactyl without distai setae
(Fig.38C). Abdômen, somites 1-4 with pleura
rounded, somites 5-6 with pleura sub-quadrate,
somite 5 with conspicuous posterolateral tooth
(Fig.39D). Female pleopod 1, endopod leaf shaped,
with simple setae on posterior surface (Fig.39A).
Pleopod 2, endopod with appendix interna slender,
with numerous hook setae distally (Fig.39B, C).
Exopod of uropod with complete diaresis; lateral
margin ending in sharp triangular projection, with
strong spine (Fig.39E). Telson with two pairs of
dorsolateral cuspidate setae; two pairs of distai
cuspidate setae, inner pair stronger (Fig.39E).

Distribution - Western Atlantic: North Carolina,
Southern Florida, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Brazil:
Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Rocas Atoll.

Remarks - Of the 26 Atlantic species of Processa,
16 have the pleura of abdominal somite 5 rounded,
lacking posterolateral tooth, distinct from P.
fimbriata which has the pleura of abdominal somite

5 with distinct posterolateral tooth. Of the ten
remainig species, three have the stylocerite
unarmed, whereas P. fimbriata has the stylocerite
armed with a tooth on anterior margin. Processa
macrodactyla Holthuis, 1952 has the carpus of the
left pereopod 2 unsegmented while P. fimbriata has
the carpus of left pereopod 2 divided in at least five
articles. Processa macrophthalma Nouvel &
Holthuis, 1957 has the lobe on abdominal somite

6 above uropod articulation unarmed, while the
remaining species, including P. fimbriata, have the
lobe on abdominal somite 6 produced in a posterior
tooth. Processa pontica (Sowinsky, 1882) has the
stylocerite with row of spinules on the anterior
margin and the pleura of abdominal somite 5 with
a spinule above posterolateral tooth, distinct from
P. fimbriata where these two structures are absent.
Processa intermedia Holthuis, 1951 and Processa
packeri Manning & Chace, 1990 have the abdômen
without sternal spines, while P. fimbriata has spines
on the sternum of the anterior five abdominal
somites. Processa riveroi Manning & Chace, 1971
has the stylocerite with a spine on outer and inner
angles, distinct from P. fimbriata that has the
stylocerite armed only on the outer angle.

The female examined agrees with Manning & Chace
(1971) description. However, the number of articles
in carpus of left pereopod 2 presents a variation.
In Manning & Chace's (1971) description, the range
of articles in carpus of left pereopod 2 was 15-18,
and the female examined has 19 articles.

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Fig.32- Processa brasiliensis Christoffersen, 1979, d , MNRJ 19024 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) anterior part of carapace
and cephalic appendages (as=antennal spine); (B) right antennula, dorsal (st=stylocerite); (C) right scaphocerite, dorsal;
(D) left mandible, dorsal (mp=molar process); (E) left maxilla 1, dorsal (end=endite; p=palp); (F) left maxilla 2, dorsal
(end=endite; enp=endopod; sc=scaphognathite); (G) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (el=exopodal lobe; end=endite; enp=endopod;
ep=epipod; exp=exopod); (H) left maxilliped 2, dorsal (exp=exopod); (I) left maxilliped 3, dorsal (exp=exopod).

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Fig.33- Processa brasiliensis Christoffersen, 1979, d , MNRJ 19024 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) right pereopod 1, lateral;
(B) left pereopod 1, lateral.

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Ui LU

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Fig.34- Processa brasiliensis Christoffersen, 1979, d , MNRJ 19024 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) right pereopod 2, lateral;
(B) left pereopod 2, lateral; (C) right pereopod 3, lateral; (D) right pereopod 4, lateral; (E) right pereopod 5, lateral.

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Fig.35- Processa brasiliensis Christoffersen, 1979, d , MNRJ 19024 (carapace length 3.0mm). (A) left pleopod 1, lateral;
(B) left pleopod 2, lateral (ai=appendix interna; am=appendix masculina). Processa brasiliensis, 9 , MNRJ 19027 (carapace
length 4.0mm). (C) left pleopod 1, lateral; (D) left pleopod 2, lateral (ai=appendix interna). Processa brasiliensis, d,
MNRJ 19024 (carapace length 3.0mm). (E) posterior part of abdômen, telson and uropods, lateral; (F) telson and
uropods, dorsal.

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Fig.36- Processa fimbriata Manning & Chace, 1971, 9 , MNRJ 19023 (carapace length 5mm). (A) anterior part of carapace
and cephalic appendages (as=antennal spine); (B) right antennula, dorsal (st=stylocerite); (C) right scaphocerite, dorsal;
(D) left mandible, dorsal (mp=molar process); (E) left maxilla 1, dorsal (end=endite; p=palp); (F) left maxilla 2, dorsal
(end=endite; enp=endopod; sc=scaphognathite); (G) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (el=exopodal lobe; end=endite; enp=endopod;
ep=epipod; exp=exopod); (H) left maxilliped 2, dorsal (exp=exopod); (I) left maxilliped 3, dorsal (exp=exopod).

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Fig.37- Processa fimbriata Manning & Chace, 1971, $ , MNRJ 19023 (carapace length 5mm). (A) right pereopod 1, lateral;
(B) left pereopod 1,lateral; (C) right pereopod 2, lateral; (D) left pereopod 2, lateral.

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A

Fig.38- Processa fimbriata Manning & Chace, 1971, 9 , MNRJ 19023 (carapace length 5mm). (A) right pereopod 3, lateral;
(B) right pereopod 4, lateral; (C) right pereopod 5, lateral.

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Fig.39- Processa fimbriata Manning & Chace, 1971, 9 , MNRJ 19023 (carapace length 5mm). (A) left pleopod 1, lateral; (B)
left pleopod 2, lateral (ai=appendix interna); (C) appendix interna of left pleopod 2, lateral; (D) abdômen, telson and
uropods, lateral; (E) telson and uropods, dorsal.

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Rhynchocinetidae Ortmann, 1890

above the base of pleuron (from Holthuis, 1995).

Cinetorhynchus Holthuis, 1995

Cinetorrhynchus Holthuis, 1995:145; Okuno,
1997:31.

Diagnosis - Articulation between carapace and
rostrum sometimes incomplete. Three dorsal
teeth on carapace behind rostrum base. Postorbital
spine absent. Lower orbital angle fused with
antennal spine. Posterior margin of abdominal somite
5, sometimes also of somite 4 with distinct spine

Cinetorhynchus riqens (Gordon, 1936)
(Figs.40-46)

Rhynchocinetes rigens Gordon, 1936:76; Manning,
1961b:l.

Cinetorhynchus rigens -Holthuis, 1955:146; Okuno,
1997:31.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, pool, ld (4.5mm),
MNRJ 19041; pool, l9 (3.Omni), MNRJ 19026.

A

Fig.40- Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936), d , MNRJ 19041 (carapace length 4.5mm). (A) carapace and cephalic
appendages, lateral (as-antennal spine); (B) right antennula, dorsal; (C) right antenna, dorsal; (D) epistome, ventral.

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Diagnosis - Carapace with rostrum overreaching
antennal scale, ventral margin with eight teeth,
dorsal margin with five teeth, last two teeth
articulated with carapace, apex bifid; antennal spine
present; branchiostegal spine absent. Abdômen with
pleura unarmed. Male pleopod 1 with rounded
endopod, with simple setae on anterior margin and
distai anterior lobe with hook setae on apex. Male
pleopod 2 with appendix interna with three strong
acute cuspidate setae on apex; appendix interna
twice as long as appendix masculina, with numerou s
hook setae on apex.

Description - Carapace with rostrum 1.3 times
carapace length, overreaching scaphocerite, ventral
margin convex, with eight teeth, first three very
strong; dorsal margin with five teeth, two
postorbital teeth articulated with carapace, apex
bifid; carapace dorsal margin not carinate; with
acute antennal spine; without branchiostegal,
supraorbital and pterygostomian spines; without
cervical groove and suprabranchial carina. Eyes
with large globular córnea, about one-third of
carapace length, well pigmented, without ocellus,
stalk short, about half of corneai diameter (Fig.40A).
Stylocerite strongly developed, overreaching middle
of third antennular article; distolateral tooth of
basal article reduced, not reaching half of second
antennular article, with small acute ventromedial
tooth, without statocyst (Fig.40B). Scaphocerite
tapering distally, with distai tooth reaching end of
scale; basicerite with small acute lateral tooth
(Fig.40C). Epistome rounded, with anterior acute
point (Fig.40D). Mandible, incisor process with 5
acute, strong teeth and 12 denticles below; molar
process complex, formed by alternating series of
grooves and ridges and one strong multicuspidate
tooth at upper angle (Fig.41A); palp 3-articulated,
with scattered plumose setae on outer margin of
second and third articles, anterior margin and inner
surface of third article with short serrulate setae
(Fig. 41B). Maxilla 1 with two endites, distai endite
with denticulate cuspidate setae on inner margin,
and series of long plumose setae behind; basal
endite rounded, with simple setae on lateral
margins, stout and serrulate setae on inner margin;
palp rounded, with one slender pappose seta
(Fig.42A, B). Maxilla 2 with two endites, distai
endite bilobed, with serrulate setae on all margins,
basal endite with long plumose setae on all
margins; endopod, shorter than distai endite,
unarmed; scaphognathite with long plumose setae
on all margins (Fig.42C). Maxilliped 1 with two
endites with simple setae on inner margin; endopod

three segmented, twice longer than distai endite,
with long plumose setae on inner margin; exopod
twice longer than endopod, with long plumose setae
on all margins; exopodal lobe with long plumose
setae on outer margin; epipod large, deeply bilobed,
distai lobe rounded, elongate; basal lobe short,
triangular (Fig.42D). Maxilliped 2, 6-articulated,
ischium and merus fused; endopod, basis with long
plumose setae on inner margin; ischio-merus
subquadrate, unarmed; carpus short triangular,
unarmed; propodus rounded, unarmed; dactyl with
cuspidate serrulate seta on inner margin; broad
epipod without podobranch; exopod elongate, with
long plumose setae on all margins (Fig.42E).
Maxilliped 3 with elongate exopod, with long
plumose setae on all margins; ischium and merus
fused, with cuspidate setae and strong tooth on
distai outer margin; carpus curved with denticulate
cuspidate seta distally; propodus and dactyl fused,
slender, elongate, inner margin one simple seta
basally, nine long denticulate cuspidate setae
medio-distally, and five dark horny cuspidate setae
distally (Fig.42F). Maxilliped 3 and pereopods 1 to
5 coxa with posterior margin notched (Fig.45A).
Maxilliped 3 and pereopods 1 to 4 with one epipod
each; epipods rounded at base tapering posteriorly,
with acute simple setae; point of attachment on
coxa between rounded base and posterior elongate
area (Fig.45A). Pereopods 1 to 5 without exopods
and with only pleurobranchs. Pereopod 1 stronger
and more robust than longer pereopod 2. Pereopods
1 and 2 chelate; dactyl and propodus tips with tufts
of serrulate setae. Pereopod 1, propodus with
denticulo-papposerrate seta on inner margin; fixed
finger with two strong cuspidate setae, the posterior
seta with concavity for receiving dactyl teeth; dactyl
tip formed by four strong cuspidate setae (Fig.43A).
Pereopod 2, propodus fixed finger with two strong
cuspidate setae oppose to five strong dactyl
cuspidate setae (Fig.43B). Pereopod 3 to 5 slender,
elongate; ischium with one ventral and medial
cuspidate seta; carpus with medial cuspidate seta
and strong tooth on distai angle of inner margin;
dactyl with four strong cuspidate setae on ventral
margin, and tufts of long plumose setae on outer
dorsal margin. Pereopod 3 longer than pereopod
4, merus with three ventral cuspidate setae, two
distai cuspidate setae; propodus with 11 ventral
cuspidate setae (Fig.44A). Pereopod 4 longer than
pereopod 5; merus with one ventral cuspidate setae,
three medial and two distai cuspidate setae;
propodus with 12 ventral cuspidate setae, third to
ninth cuspidate setae denticulate, articulated

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(Fig.44B). Pereopod 5, merus with two medial
cuspidate setae; propodus with nine ventral
cuspidate setae (Fig.44C). Fifth thoracic sternite
with pair of slender membranous submedian teeth;
other thoracic sternites unarmed. Abdômen
without dorsally carinate tergites; pleura unarmed
(Fig.45B); pleopods 2 to 5 with appendix interna
well developed. Pleopod 1 with modified endopod
in male, rounded, with strong ten simple setae on
medial margin, and medial lobe on anterior margin
with hook setae distally (Fig.46A). Pleopod 2 with
appendix masculina short and slender, with three
stout acute setae on apex (Fig.46B); appendix
interna, twice longer than appendix masculina
(excluding spines length), distally rounded with
several hook setae (Fig.46C). Exopod of uropod
without diaresis, with strong distai spine on outer
margin (Fig.46D). Telson not dorsally sulcate, with
three pairs of dorsal cuspidate setae at about 0.45,
0.55 and 0.7 of telson length, posterior margin with
acute median process, with three pairs of posterior
marginal cuspidate setae, lateral cuspidate setae
similar to dorsal cuspidate setae, intermediate
cuspidate setae well developed, about 0.12 of telson
length, submedian cuspidate setae shorter, about
0.6 of intermediate cuspidate setae length.

Distribution - Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Madeira and
Azores Islands; Western Atlantic Ocean: Florida,
Bahamas, Bermuda, and Brazil (Pernambuco,
Fernando de Noronha and Rocas Atoll).

Remarks - This species is widely distributed in
Atlantic Ocean and is the single species of the
genus that occurs in the Brazilian region.

The sampled specimens are juveniles, with
carapace length of 3.0 and 4.5mm; Cinetorhynchus
rigens can reach 17mm in carapace length. The
specimens examined present the stylocerite,
scaphocerite, mandible and mandibular palp
similar to the figured by Gordon (1936) for the
adults. However, Gordon (1936) described an
articulated rostrum, striae and ornamentations on
carapace and abdômen and a strong lateral tooth
on abdominal somites 4 and 5, distinct from the
material examined which has rostrum not
articulated, glabrous carapace and abdômen, and
abdominal somites 4 and 5 without lateral tooth,
all characters that are from the juvrnile stages.

Manning (1961b) also noted some differences
between juvenile and adult forms of C. rigens :
the rostral articulation is not visible in
specimens with less than 6mm of carapace
length; the color pattern and ornamentation is
noted only in specimens with more than 6mm
of carapace length; and the lateral spines of
abdominal somites 4 and 5 are not visible in
the smallest specimens. Furthermore, in
specimens with 3.4mm of carapace length,
Manning (1961b) observed two articulated teeth
behind rostrum base, also observed in the
material examined.

A

Fig.41- Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936), d", MNRJ 19041 (carapace length 4.5mm). (A) left mandible, dorsal (ip=incisor
process; mp=molar process); (B) right mandular palp, ventral (p=palp).

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Fig.42- Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936), d, MNRJ 19041 (carapace length 4.5mm). (A) left maxilla 1, palp and
distai endite, dorsal (end=endite; p=palp); (B) rigth maxilla 1, basal endite, dorsal (end=endite); (C) left maxilla 2, dorsal
(end=endite; enp=endopod; sc=scaphognathite); (D) left maxilliped 1, dorsal (end=endite; el=exopodal lobe; enp=endopod;
ep=epipod); (E) left maxilliped 2, dorsal (ep=epipod; exp=exopod); (F) left maxilliped 3, dorsal (exp=exopod).

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Fig.43- Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936), d , MNRJ 19041 (carapace length 4.5mm). (A) right pereopod 1, lateral; (B)
right pereopod 2, lateral.

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Fig.44- Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936), d, MNRJ 19041 (carapace length 4.5mm). (A) left pereopod 3, lateral; (B)
left pereopod 4, lateral; (C) left pereopod 5, lateral.

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A

Fig.45- Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936), cf, MNRJ 19041 (carapace length 4.5mm). (A) coxa (with epipods) and
basis of maxilliped 3 to pereopod 5, lateral. Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936), 9 , MNRJ 19026 (carapace length
3.0mm). (B) abdômen, lateral.

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Fig.46- Cinetorhynchus rigens (Gordon, 1936), d, MNRJ 19041 (carapace length 4.5mm). (A) endopod of left pleopod 1,
lateral; (B) endopod of left pleopod 2, lateral; (C) left appendix interna and masculina of pleopod 2, lateral (ai=appendix
interna; am=appendix masculina); (D) telson and uropods, dorsal.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We acknowledge Dr. A.J.Bruce (Queensland
Museum, South Brisbane) for discussing the
identification of Cinetorhynchus rigens and for the
valious revision of the manuscript. Dr. A.Crosnier
(Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris), for
helping in the identification of Discias serratirostris.
Dr. M.L.Christoffersen (Universidade Federal da
Paraíba) for commments on manuscript; Dr.
T.Komai (Natural History Museum and Institute,
Chiba) for helping in several questions about
caridean morphology. This study was partially
supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Reserva Biológica
de Atol das Rocas, which is coordinated by
Maurizélia de Brito Silva.

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Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.339-346, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

HERMIT CRABS (CRUSTACEA, ANOMURA, DIOGENIDAE)
FROM ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL 1

(With 4 figures)

ALEXANDRE SANTOS DE SOUZA 2
CRISTIANA S. SEREJO 3

ABSTRACT: Intertidal and shallow infra-littoral samples collected in Rocas Atoll, Rio Grande do Norte State,
Brazil, during October 2000, provided material for this study. As a result of this survey, four species of
hermit crabs were found and are herein redescribed: Clibanarius antillensis, Calcinus tibicen, Dardanus
venosus and Paguristes tortugae. This is the first record of C. tibicen and P. tortugae for the Rocas Atoll.

Key words: Hermit crabs. Taxonomy. Paguroidea. Diogenidae. Rocas Atoll.

RESUMO: Caranguejos ermitões (Crustacea, Anomura, Diogenidae) de Atol das Rocas, Brasil.

Amostras do entre-marés e infralitoral raso coletadas no Atol das Rocas, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte,
Brasil, em outubro de 2000, proporcionaram o material para este estudo. Como resultado dessas coletas,
quatro espécies de ermitões foram encontradas e são aqui redescritas: Clibanarius antillensis, Calcinus
tibicen, Dardanus venosus e Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933. Este é o primeiro registro de C. tibicen e P.
tortugae para o Atol das Rocas.

Palavras-chave: Ermitões. Taxonomia. Paguroidea. Diogenidae. Atol das Rocas.

INTRODUCTION

Hermit crabs are very common in the rocky
intertidal zone of tropical and warm temperate
areas throughout the world. This group of
crustaceans is well known by the fact of being
mostly gastropod shells inhabitants. They
normally choose their shells by the size - and other
morphological parameters - but the shell adequacy
is conditioned by their availability in the area and
habitat physical factors (Scully, 1979; Hazlett,
1981). In the Brazilian coast, 46 species belonging
to the families Paguridae, Diogenidae and
Parapaguridae have been registered (Melo, 1999).
Rocas Atoll is localized in the northeastern coast
of Brazil, 267 Km E-NE from Natal City in Rio
Grande do Norte State. Rocas is the unique atoll
in the South Atlantic. Its ecological importance is
due to the high biological productivity and also
because Rocas is an important reproduction,
refuge and feeding site for many marine species.
Because of these characteristics, Rocas Atoll is
since 1979 the first marine biological reserve of
Brazil. During high tide, only two islands keep

emerged: Farol and Cemitério. During low tide, in
the inner area of the atoll, can be found many
tide pools, which are inhabited by juveniles of fish
and many marine organisms as hermit crabs.
Previous knowledge of the hermit crab fauna from
Rocas Atoll is found in Rieger (1998), and Melo
(1999), which consists ofthree species: Clibanarius
antillensis Stimpson, 1859, C. tricolor (Gibbes,
1850) and Dardanus venosus (H. Milne Edwards,
1848). A contribution for a better understanding
of the decapod fauna of Rocas Atoll, Brazil, is one
of the main objectives of this paper.

SYSTEMATICS

Superfamily Coenobitoidea Dana, 1851
Family Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892
Genus Clibanarius Dana, 1852
Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859 (Fig.l)

Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859:85; Smith,
1869:18, 39; Rathbun, 1900:144; Benedict, 1901:142,
pl.6, fig.l; Moreira, 1901:29, 87; Schmitt, 1935:199;

1 Submetido em January 7, 2007. Aceito em April 20, 2007.

2 Museu Nacional/UFRJ. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Petroflex S.A. support. E-mail: alexsouza@mn.ufrj.br.

3 Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Departamento de Invertebrados. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

340

A.S. SOUZA & C.S.SEREJO

1936:375; Provenzano, 1959:368, fig.5B; 1961:152;
Forest & De Saint Laurent, 1967:99, fig.60; Coelho,
1971:232; Coelho & Ramos, 1972:169; Hebling,
1978:425; Coelho & Santos, 1980:143; Abele & Kim,
1986:29, 331, 339 (Fig.a); Coelho & Ramos-Porto,
1987:51; Rieger, 1998:421; Melo, 1999:48, fig.6.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, pool, in
Nodilittorina vermeijii Bandei & Kadolsky, 1982
Shell, MNRJ, 19092, ld , C.Serejo and M.C.Rayol
coll., 09/XI/2001; Rocas Atoll, pool, in Olivella
watermani McGinty, 1940shell, MNRJ, 19093, ld,
C.Serejo and M.C.Rayol coll., 25/X/2001; Rocas
Atoll, pool, in Nassarius sp, Olivella watermani
McGinty, 1940, Columbela mercatoria (Linneus,
1758), Natica sp and Turridae shells, MNRJ, 19094,
20cf e 459 (40 ovigerous),

S.N.Brandão, N.Magalhães
and C.R.Tavares coll. 03/VII/

2001; Rocas Atoll, pool, in
Nassarius sp, Olivella N.
watermani e Columbela
mercatoria shells, MNRJ,

19095, 21c? e489 ovigerous,

S.N.Brandão, N.Magalhães
and C.R.Tavares coll., 16/

VII/2001; Rocas Atoll, pools,
in Olivella watermani shell,

MNRJ, 19096, ld, C.Serejo
and M.C.Rayol coll., 22/X/

2001; Rocas Atoll, in front of
seamark, in Engina turbinella
Kiener, 1836, Olivella
watermani shells and
Vermetidae tube, MNRJ,

19097, 3Ó , P.S.Young,

P.C.Paiva and A.A.Aguiar
coll. 14/X/2000; Rocas Atoll,
pool, MNRJ 19098, 5c? and
49 ovigerous, P.S.Young,

P.C.Paiva and A.A.Aguiar
coll., 17/X/2000; Rocas
Atoll, South channel,

MNRJ, 19099, ld ,

P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva and
A.A.Aguiar coll., 05/X/

2000; Rocas Atoll, pool, MNRJ,

19100, ld , P.S.Young,

P.C.Paiva and A.A.Aguiar
coll., 13/X/2000; Rocas
Atoll, pool, MNRJ, 19106,
ld , C.Serejo and M.C.Rayol
coll., 31 /X/2001; Rocas
Atoll, pool, MNRJ, 19107,

ld , C.Serejo and M.C.Rayol coll., 29/X/2001.

Diagnosis - Walking legs, dactylus shorter than
propodus; dactylus, propodus and carpus with a
single broad longitudinal light stripe bordered by dark
stripes in lateral surface; merus with two light stripes.

Description - Shield length varying from 1.5 to
4.5mm. Rostrum triangular, short, slightly beyond
lateral projections (Fig.lA). Cephalic shield
subrectangular, covered by minute concavities.
Cervical suture almost straight (Fig.lA).
Antennular peduncle longer or subequal to ocular
peduncle. Antennal peduncle generally of the same
length of eyestalk, or ending near córnea. Antennal
acicle with strong spines.

E

E

LD

Fig.l- Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859, C? , MNRJ 19092. (A) shield and cephalic
appendages, dorsal view; (B) right cheliped, lateral view; (C) second left walking leg,
lateral view.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.339-346, jul./set.2007

HERMIT CRABS FROM ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL

341

Eyestalk thin and longer than front width, tapering
in middle and broadening at córnea. Ocular acides
triangular, close to each other medially and with
spines on superior branch, which decrease in length
from middle to externai margin. Chelipeds subequal;
dorsal region of cheia with coarse spines; left slightly
larger. Cheia and carpus with sparse setae, merus
surface excavated, finger tip spooned (Fig. 1B) and
corneous. Walking leg with sparse setae, dactyl
shorter than propodus (Fig. 1C). Carpus of first pair
of walking legs with one or two spines on antero-

dorsal margin and with one spine in the same region
of the second pair of legs. Dactyls and propodus of
the second left walking leg slightly flattened and with
a little conspicuous dorsolateral ridge.

Distribution - Western Atlantic: USA (Florida),
Bermudas, Gulf of México, Panama, West Indies,
North of South America. Brazil: from Ceará to Santa
Catarina, including Rocas Atoll (Melo, 1999).

Type-locality - Barbados (Provenzano, 1959;
Abele, 1986).

c

Fig.2- Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791), d , MNRJ 19101. (A) cephalic region, dorsal view;
(B) left cheliped, lateral view; (C) second left walking leg, lateral view.

Genus Calcinus
Dana, 1851
Calcinus tibicen
(Herbst, 1791) (Fig. 2)

Câncer tibicen Herbst,
1791:25, pl. 23, fig.7.
Pagurus sulcatus H. Milne
Edwards, 1836:279; 1848:64.
Calcinus sulcatus - Smith,
1869:17, 39; Rathbun, 1900:
144; Benedict, 1901: 141,pl.5,
figs.3, 3a; Moreira, 1901:27,
86; Verril, 1908:439, figs.56,
57, pl.28, fig.7.

Calcinus tibicen - Rankin,
1900:533, pl.17, fig. 1; Schmitt,
1924:94; 1935:198, figs.60a, b;
1936:376; Provenzano,
1959:363, fig.4; 1961:152;
Forest & De Saint Laurent,
1967:106; Coelho, 1971:232;
Coelho & Ramos, 1972:170;
Hebung, 1978:425; Coelho &
Santos, 1980:143; Abele & Kim,
1986:28, 353, fig.c; Coelho &
Ramos-Porto, 1987:52; Rieger,
1998:422; Melo, 1999:42, fig.2.

Material examined - Rocas
Atoll, pool, MNRJ, 19101,
lcT and 29 ovigerous,
P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva and
A.A.Aguiar coll., 23/X/2000.

Diagnosis - Carapace surface
smooth and bare. Eyestalks
longer than front width.
Propodus of second walking leg
broader than its counterpart
in right leg, and with a lateral
longitudinal groove.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.339-346, jul./set.2007

342

A.S. SOUZA & C.S.SEREJO

Description - Length of cephalic shield varying
from 4.6 to 6.0mm. Rostrum triangular, acute,
projecting toward beyond lateral projections
(Fig.2A). Cephalic shield longer than broad,
surface with minute fine concavities (Fig.2A).
Antennular peduncle (Fig.2A) reaching non-
pigmented portion of eyestalks. Antennal
peduncle (Fig.2A) reaching at least the last third
of eyestalk. Ocular acicle armed with 5-7 white-
tipped spines.

Eyestalk slender (Fig.2A), curving gently outward.
Ocular acicle acute, with one or two spines.
Chelipeds unequal; left (Fig.2B) much larger
than right. Fingers moving obliquely, with acute
tips. Both chelipeds entirely smooth. Walking
legs smooth, but with tufts of setae on ventral
margins of dactyl. Propodus
of the second walking leg
larger than its counterpart
on the right, with a broad
longitudinal groove (Fig.2C)
on the outer face.

Distribution - Western
Atlantic: USA (Florida) and
Bermudas. Brazil: from
Ceará to São Paulo,
including Fernando de
Noronha Archipelago
(Rieger, 1998; Melo, 1999),
and Rocas Ato 11.

Type-locality - unknown.

Remarks - This is a well
known species for the
Western Atlantic coast.

However, this is the first
record of C alcinus tibicen
from Rocas Atoll.

Genus Dardanus
Paulson, 1875
Dardanus venosus (H.

Milne Edwards, 1848)

(Fig.3)

Pagurus arrosor - Moreira, 1901:24.

Pagurusarrosor var. divergens - Moreira, 1906:133,
pl. 4, fig.l.

Dardanus venosus-V erril, 1908:441, fig.58, 59,
pl.26, figs.4a, 5a; Schmitt, 1924:95; 1935:201, fig.
2; 1936:376; Holthuis, 1959:153; Provenzano,
1959:374, fig.6; 1961:153; Forest & De Saint
Laurent, 1967:94; Coelho, 1971:232; Biffar &
Provenzano, 1972:778; Coelho & Ramos, 1972:168;
Coelho 8g Santos, 1980:143; Abele & Kim, 1986:29,
341, figs.g-i; Coelho 85 Ramos-Porto, 1987:50;
Rieger, 1998:420; Melo, 1999:64, fig.20.

Pagurus insignis - Bouvier, 1918:6.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, Barretinha
channel, MNRJ, 19102, lcf , P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva
and A.A.Aguiar coll., 05/X/2000.

Pagurus venosus H. Milne
Edwards, 1848: 61; Stimpson,
1859:82.

Petrochirus insignis
Rathbun, 1900:144.
Pagurias insignis - Benedict,
1901:141.

5mm

Fig.3- Dardanus venosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848), d, MNRJ 19102. (A) cephalic
region, dorsal view; (B) carpus and cheia, lateral view; (C) cheliped tubercle in detail;
(D) carpus, propodus and dactyl of second left walking leg; (E) dactyl, ventral view.

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HERMIT CRABS FROM ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL

343

Diagnosis - Antennal peduncle not exceeding
eyestalk length. Cheia covered by scale-like
tubercles and setae. Second left walking leg with
longitudinal lateral ridge, crossed by transverse
rugae. Dactyls of walking legs with setae.

Description - Cephalic shield length 5.0mm.
Rostrum absent. Lateral projections forming acute
angles at antero-lateral corners of carapace.
Cephalic shield slightly longer than front width,
smooth, with a few setae and some lines near lateral
margins (Fig.3A). Antennular peduncle exceeding
córnea tip by one third of the last antennular
segment, when paralleled to each other. Antennal
peduncle reaching córnea tips. Antennal acicle
short, reaching at least half length of the eyestalk
and bearing short acute spines.

Eyestalk robust and with a central constriction,

extending to the tip of antennal peduncle and
reaching slightly more than 3 A of front width in
length. Tuft of setae behind the expanded córnea.
Ocular acides well separated, with straight internai
margins and tips with spines (Fig.3A). Chelipeds
unequal, the left much larger than right. Finger tips
black, corneous, and spooned. Major cheia (Fig.3B),
externai surface covered by scale-like tubercles
(Fig.3C) bordered by fan-like fringe of apressed setae;
inner surface smooth; dorsal margin of propodus
with 7 acute horn-like spines projecting forward and
continue as a row of shorter spines along the mobile
dactyl and carpus; carpus with shorter and sharper
spines scattered over surface. Right cheia narro wer,
without scale-like tubercles on externai surface and
with long setae present. Walking legs with dactyls
longer than propodus; the ones of the first pair larger
than that of the second pair. Dactyl with several

robust setae; other segments
with fewer setae along
dorsal and ventral margins.
Second left walking leg
(Fig.3D) markedly different
from the others; propodus
and dactyl broadened,
fringed with setae and with
a longitudinal lateral ridge
paralleled by a slight groove.
Ridge crossed by numerous
rugae (Fig.3E).

Distribution - Western
Atlantic: Eastern USA,
Bermudas, North of South
America. Brazil: from Pará
to Rio de Janeiro, including
Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago and Rocas Atoll
(Melo, 1999).

Type-locality - Guadeloupe
(Provenzano, 1959; Abele
and Kim, 1986)

Genus Paguristes
Dana, 1851
Paguristes tortugae
Schmitt, 1933 (Fig.4)

Paguristes tortugae Schmitt,
1933:7, fig.4; 1935:204,
fig.64; Wass, 1955:134;
Provenzano, 1959:388,
figs.llA, B; 12D; 1961:155;

Fig.4- Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933, d , MNRJ 19105. (A) cephalic region, dorsal
view; (B) left cheliped, dorsal view; (C) second right walking leg, lateral view.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.339-346, jul./set.2007

344

A.S. SOUZA & C.S.SEREJO

Holthuis, 1959:131, fig.21, 22a; Williams, 1965:119,
fig.96; 1984:205, fig.44; Forest & De Saint Laurent,
1967:74, figs.7, 18, 27, 38 e 46; Coelho & Ramos,
1972:167; Hebling, 1978:425; Abele and Kim,
1986:31, 351 (Figs.g, h); Coelho & Ramos-Porto,
1987:48; Rieger, 1998:419; Melo, 1999:88, fig.42.

Material examined - Rocas Atoll, Barretinha
channel, MNRJ, 19103, 2cf , l9 , P.S.Young,
P.C.Paiva and A.A.Aguiar coll., 05/X/2000; Rocas
Atoll, pool with calcareous algae nodule, MNRJ,
19104, 9cf, 79 (4 ovigerous), P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva
and A.A.Aguiar coll., 25/X/2000; Rocas Atoll, pool,
in Leucozonia nassa Gmelin, 1791 shell, MNRJ,
19105, 1 cf , S.N.Brandão, N.Magalhães and
C.R.Tavares coll., 10/VII/2001.

Diagnosis - Rostrum well developed, triangular.
Eyestalk and antennule white, with black bands.
Cheliped with corneous and spooned fingertips.
Dactyl of walking legs slightly longer than propodus.

Description - Length of cephalic shield varying from
4.4 to 7.1mm. Rostrum large, triangular, toward
beyond side branches of front. Cephalic shield
longer than broad (Fig.4A). Antennular peduncle
reaching base of córnea or slightly longer. Antennal
peduncle reaching three-fourths of eyestalk length.
Antenna short, not reaching finger tips of cheliped
and sparsely setose, with very short setae. Acicle
covered by setae and armed with two spines on
inner margin and at least three on outer edge,
termination prominent.

Eyestalk straight, slender, as long as width of
cephalic shield. Ophthalmic acicle with 3-4 spines
decreasing in size laterally. Acides separated by
rostrum (Fig.4A). Chelipeds equal, finger tips
corneous and spooned. Inner margins of moving
fingers of palm and of carpus straight. Cheia and
walking leg margins densely setose, hiding spines.
Externai half of palm and externai margin of fixed
finger beset with sharp, forwardly directed hooked
spines, likewise the medial area of the upper surface
of palm. Internai margin of cheia similarly with
strong spines. Carpus of right cheliped with 5 large
spines on inner margin (Fig.4B); 5 slightly smaller
spines on the outer margin and 3 to 4 acute spines
on anterior margin. Merus with acute corneous spine
near the anterior end of superior margin and 3
similar spines on the anterior margin (Fig.4B). Inner
inferior margin with 3-4 acute spines. Walking legs
with dense fringes of setae along superior and
inferior margins. First right walking leg (Fig.4C),
merus denticulate on dorsal margin; carpus with a
row of conical spines on dorsal margin and a second

row of irregular spines on inner surface, aligned with
a similar row of 7-9 spines on the inner face of
propodus; dorsal margin of propodus with 7-8
conical, slightly corneous-tipped spines; dactyl with
about 15 transverse tubercle-like ridges on superior
margin, ending in a single, strong dark claw. The
corresponding left walking leg is similar, but with
less prominent spines. Second pair of left walking
legs nearly smooth, except for two distai spines on
the dorsal margin of carpus.

Distribution - Western Atlantic: EUA (North
Carolina) to Brazil until Rio Grande do Sul (Rieger,
1998; Melo, 1999), including now Rocas Atoll.

Type-locality - Dry Tortugas, Florida (Schmitt, 1933).

Remarks - P. tortugae is widely distributed in the
Western Atlantic coast, although, this is the first
record for Rocas Atoll, Brazil.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos
Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) for
logistics and license for zoological capture with
scientific purposes. Dr. Paulo Márcio Costa for
the identification of the gastropod shells and Dr.
Paulo Young and two anonymous referees for
revision and suggestions on the manuscript.

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Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.347-355, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ONISCIDEA)
FROM ROCAS ATOLL, NORTHEASTERN, BRAZIL 1

(With 15 figures)

PAULA BEATRIZ ARAÚJO 2
STEFANO TAITI 3

ABSTRACT: Four Oniscidea species are recorded from Rocas Atoll, State of Rio Grande do Norte: Olibrinus
antennatus Budde-Lund, 1902, Littorophiloscia culebrae (Moore, 1901), Niambia squamata (Budde-Lund,
1885) and Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833). These are the first records of terrestrial isopods from
Rocas Atoll. Littorophiloscia culebrae is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Niambia atracheata (Schmalfuss
& Ferrara, 1978) is considered to be a junior synonym of N. squamata.

Key words: Terrestrial isopods. Oniscidea. Rocas Atoll. Brazil. New synonymy.

RESUMO: Isópodos terrestres (Crustacea, Oniscidea) do Atol das Rocas, nordeste do Brasil.

Quatro espécies de Oniscidea são registradas para o Atol das Rocas, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte:
Olibrinus antennatus Budde-Lund, 1902, Littorophiloscia culebrae (Moore, 1901), Niambia squamata (Budde-
Lund, 1885) e Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833). Estes são os primeiros registros de isópodos terrestres
para o Atol das Rocas. Litorophiloscia culebrae é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Niambia atracheata
(Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1978) é considerada sinônimo júnior de N. squamata.

Palavras-chave: Isópodos terrestres. Oniscidea. Atol das Rocas. Brasil. Nova sinonímia.

INTRODUCTION

Terrestrial isopods are widely distributed and vary
greatly in their mode of life and habitat. They can
be found from the littoral zone to desert areas, as
well as forests, grasslands, ant and termite nests,
bromeliads and caves. About 120 species of
terrestrial isopods are recorded from Brazil (Souza-
Kury, 1998; Leistikow & Wãgele, 1999; Schmalfuss,
2003). Only one species has been recorded
previously from the State of Rio Grande do Norte:
Atlantoscia floridana (van Name, 1940), collected
in the city of Maracaíba (Lemos de Castro, 1985).
The present paper deals with terrestrial isopods
collected from the coralline islands of Rocas Atoll
off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte (between
3°45’S and 3°56’S and 33°37’W and 33°56’W),
where no oniscidean species were previously
known. Four species have been recognized, all
certainly introduced by passive dispersai across
the ocean or through human activities. Shell

fragments, bones of birds and fishes, and vegetal
debris are dispersed on the islands (IBAMA, 2006).
The latter can represent the food source for the
terrestrial isopods that inhabit the atoll.

Institution abbreviations are: Natural History
Museum, London (BMNH), and Museu Nacional,
Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ).

OLIBRINIDAE

Olibrinus antennatus (Budde-Lund, 1902)
(Figs.1-2)

Trichoniscus antennatus Budde-Lund, 1902:379.
Olibrinus antennatus ; Schmalfuss, 2003:182; Taiti
& Ferrara, 2004:223, P1.4 (for earlier references and
synonymies).

Olibrinus mangroviarum; Schmalfuss, 2003:182.
Olibrinus nicobaricus ; Schmalfuss, 2003:182.
Olibrinus olivaceus; Schmalfuss, 2003:182.
Olibrinuspigmentatus; Schmalfuss, 2003:182.

? Olibrinus sp.; Lemos de Castro, 1972:357.

1 Submitted on January 17, 2005. Accepted on May 8, 2007.

Contribution n° 506 of the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, prédio 43435, Porto Alegre,
91501-970, RS, Brasil. E-mail: pbaraujo@portoweb.com.br.

3 Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Via Madonna dei Piano, 10. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
E-mail: stefano.taiti@ise.cnr.it.

348

P.B.ARAUJO & S.TAITI

Olibrinus antennatus: fig.1-9 ; fig.2- telso. Scale bars: (1) = lmm, (2) = 0.5mm.

Material examined -
BRAZIL, RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE, Atol das
Rocas, Ilha do Cemitério,
in coarse sediment
beneath stones in the
intertidal zone, MNRJ
16921, l9 , C.Serejo
and M.C.Rayol coll.,

09/XI/2001

Diagnosis - Colour:
reddish-brown in vivo,
pale brown in alcohol.

Body smooth (Fig.l). Eye
of 10-11 ommatidia.

Telson very short, with
sinuous sides and a notch
at the apex (Fig.2).

Flagellum of antenna
consisting of 10-18
articles. Endite of
maxillule without penicils.

Pereopods with a bifid
dactylar seta. Exopods of
pleopods 2-5 with
plumose setae on margin.

Male pleopod 1 endopod
thickset, with distai part
bearing numerous scales.

Maximum length: d and
9 = 10mm.

Distribution - This
amphibious species is
common in mangrove
swamps and under coral
rocks along the coasts of
the tropics (Taiti &

Ferrara, 2004).

Remarks - Olibrinus
antennatus has several
junior synonyms (see
Taiti & Ferrara, 2004). For a description see
Ferrara (1972), as O. mangroviarum. This is the
first certain record of O. antennatus from Brazil
and the entire Atlantic area. In Brazil, an
unidentified species of Olibrinus was previously
recorded by Lemos de Castro (1972) from the
Abrolhos Archipelago. Most probably that record
refers also to O. antennatus, but Identification can
be made with certainty only after re-examination
of the material studied by Lemos de Castro.

PHILOSCIIDAE

Littorophiloscia culebrae (Moore, 1901)
(Figs.3-6)

Philoscia culebrae Moore, 1901:176, pl. 11, figs. 13-17.
Littorophiloscia culebrae; Taiti & Ferrara,
1986:1358, fig.8 (for earlier references and
synonyms); Schotte & Heard 1991:247; Rodriguez
& Barrientos 1993:190, figs.23-26; Taiti &
Howarth, 1996:63; Leistikow & Wágele, 1999:18;

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TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ONISCIDEA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

349

Taiti, 1999:37; Schmalfuss, 2003:151; Taiti &
Ferrara, 2004:237, P1.6.

Material examined - BRAZIL, RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE, Atol das Rocas, east side of Ilha
do Farol, supralittoral, MNRJ 16922, ld", 39 ,
1 ovigerous 9 , C.Serejo and M.C.Rayol coll.,
30/X/2001.

Diagnosis - Colour: yellowish with brown spots
(Fig.3). Dorsum covered with scale-spines.
Antenna with fifth joint of peduncle as long as
flagellum. Pereopods with ungual seta apically

enlarged (Fig.4). Male pleopod 1 exopod
triangular with sinuous outer margin (Fig.5);
endopod with outer margin bearing a hump and
a very small lobe at the apex (Fig.6).

Maximum length -d = 2.5mm; 9 with marsupium
= 3.6mm.

Distribution - The species has been recorded from
the USA (Florida, Puerto Rico and Hawaii), Cuba,
Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Angola,
Madagascar and Yemen (Socotra Archipelago)
(Schmalfuss, 2003; Taiti & Ferrara, 2004).

Littorophiloscia culebrae: fig.3- d ; fig.4- pereiopod 1; fig.5- pleopod 1 exopod; fig.6- pleopod 1 endopod. Scale bars:
(3) = lmm; (4-6) = O.lmm.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.347-355, jul./set.2007

350

P.B.ARAUJO & S.TAITI

Remarks - This is the first record of L. culebrae from
Brazil. Two other species of Littorophiloscia were
previously recorded in this country: L. tropicalis Taiti
& Ferrara, 1986 from Cabo Frio, State of Rio de
Janeiro (Lemos de Castro, 1965), and L. insularis
(Lemos de Castro & Souza, 1986) from Ilha de
Fortaleza, State of Pará (Lemos de Castro & Souza,
1986). According to Leistikow (2001) these two
species are morphologically very similar. One of the
most important features distinguishing L. culebrae
is the shape of the male pleopod 1 endopod.

PLATY ARTH RI D AE

Niambia squamata (Budde-Lund, 1885)
(Figs.7-13)

Leptotrichus squamatus Budde-Lund, 1885:196;
?Dollfus, 1898:125; ?Dollfus, 1899:256.

Niambia squamata; Budde-Lund, 1904:37; Budde-
Lund, 1909:60, pl.VIfigs. 1-3; Stebbing, 1910:441;
Van Name, 1920:45, 102, figs. 122-126; Barnard,
1932:259, fig.23j; Paulian de Félice, 1940:109;
Vandel, 1946:247; Arcangeli, 1950:56; Arcangeli,
1952:300; Brian, 1953:11, pl.2, fig.3; Lemos de
Castro, 1967:315; Lemos de Castro, 1971:3, fig.5;
Lemos de Castro, 1972:357; Schmalfuss & Ferrara,
1978:77; Ferrara & Taiti, 1979:123; Souza-Kury,
1998:664; Schmalfuss, 2003:179.

Leptotrichus atracheatus Schmalfuss & Ferrara,
1978:85, figs. 169-170. New synonymy.

Niambia atracheata; Schmalfuss, 1982:132; Ferrara
& Schmalfuss 1985:64; Schmalfuss, 2000:3;
Schmalfuss, 2003:178.

Porcellio (Leptotrichus) squamatus ; Jeppesen,
2000:260.

Niamba [sic!] squamata; Leistikow & Wãgele,
1999:28.

? nec Niambia squamata; Panning, 1924:172.

Material examined - ANGOLA (CABINDA):
LANDANA, lcf Syntype, Budde-Lund collection,
BMNH 1921:10:18:1453. BRAZIL, PARÁ, Belém,
MNRJ 10077, 29 , O.Cunha coll., ?/?/1952;
CEARÁ, Fortaleza, MNRJ 10073, ld , Fausto
coll., 13/VII/1970; RIO GRANDE DO NORTE,
Natal, MNRJ 10072, l9 , A.Lemos de Castro coll.,
01/111/1980; Atol das Rocas, Ilha do Farol, MNRJ
14842, 3d , 79 , 1 ovigerous 9 , P.S.Young,
P.C.Paiva and A.A.Aguiar coll., 24/X/2000;
MNRJ 16923, l9 , pitfall trap, S.N.Brandão,
N.Magalhães and C.R.Tavares coll., 10/VII/2001;
MNRJ 18180, 2C f , 69,4 ovigerous 9 , pitfall trap,
S.N.Brandão, N.Magalhães and C.R.Tavares coll.,

10/VII/2001; near the house, MNRJ 18179, 4cf,
79 , 5 ovigerous 9 , S.N.Brandão, N.Magalhães
and C.R.Tavares coll., 06/VII/2001,
PERNAMBUCO, Fernando de Noronha, MNRJ
10071, 29 , M.Alvarenga coll., 9/V/1954; BAHIA,
Abrolhos, Santa Bárbara Island, MNRJ 10075,
2d , 29 , A.Lemos de Castro coll. 28/X/1969;
MNRJ 10076, 2d , J.Becker coll. 02/X/1969.

Distribution - Brazil, ?Senegal, Cape Verde Islands,
?Sao Thomé, Ivory Coast, Nigéria, Congo, Angola
(Schmalfuss, 2003).

Diagnosis - Pereon epimera steep (Fig.7); dorsum
densely covered with hair-like setae and scale-
spines; cephalon with small rounded lateral lobes,
slightly protruding in comparison with the bulbous
profrons (Fig. 10); telson with triangular distai part,
acute apex (Fig. 11); antennae very short, not
reaching caudal margin of pereonite 1; male
pereopod 7 ischium with a row of long spines
(Figs.8, 13); pleopod exopods with respiratory
areas; male pleopod 1 exopod with very short
triangular medial lobe (Figs.9, 12).

Maximum length -d = 7mm; 9 with marsupium
= 8mm.

Remarks - Niambia squamata was described by
Budde-Lund (1885) in the genus Leptotrichus and
later transferred to the genus Niambia (Budde-Lund,
1904). The original description was based on three
syntype specimens from Cabinda, Angola (Jeppesen,
2000): a male specimen from Laudana [= Landana],
deposited in the Natural History Museum, London
(Ellis & Lincoln, 1975), and two female specimens
from Chinchoxo, deposited in the Museum für
Naturkunde, Berlin (H.Schmalfuss, pers.com.).

Schmalfuss & Ferrara (1978) described Leptotrichus
atracheatus on 5 syntypes from an uncertain
locality, either Zampalma, Sao Thomé or Luanda,
Angola, since both localities were reported on the
two labeis inside the tube. Later Schmalfuss (1982)
transferred the species to the genus Niambia. This
species shows a peculiar character that is not
mentioned for any other species of Niambia, i.e., a
row of strong pointed setae near the sternal margin
of the male pereopod 7 ischium (see figure 169 in
Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1978).

We have re-examined the male syntype of N.
squamata, 7.5mm long (Figs. 10-13), deposited in
the Natural History Museum, London. Although it
is damaged, the pereopod 7 ischium shows the row
of strong setae near the sternal margin as described
for N atracheata: only one seta is still present in

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TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ONISCIDEA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

351

Niambia squamata : fig.7- d ; fig.8- pereopod 7 ischium; fig.9- pleopod 1 exopod. Scale bars: (7) = lmm; (8-9) = O.lmm.

this appendage of the syntype, but the bases where
the rest of the setae were inserted are still clearly
visible (Fig. 13). Considering that also the shape of
the male pleopod 1 exopod of N. atracheata is
identical to that of N. squamata (compare figure
170 in Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1978 and figure 12),
we consider N. atracheata to be a junior synonym
of N. squamata.

Re-examination of the specimens recorded as N.
squamata by Lemos de Castro (1967; 1971; 1972)
confirmed the identification of this species, which
is considered introduced in Brazil.

PORCELLIONIDAE

Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833)

(Figs. 14-15)

Porcellio pruinosus Brandt, 1833:181.
Porcellionides pruinosus ; Souza-Kury, 1998:666;
Leistikow & Wágele, 1999:35; Schmalfuss,
2003:243 (for earlier references and synonyms).

Material examined - BRAZIL, RIO GRANDE DO
NORTE, Atol das Rocas, Ilha do Farol, MNRJ
16349, 39 mancas, 46cf, 499,4 ovigerous 9 ,
P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva and A.A.Aguiar coll. 24/

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352

P.B.ARAUJO & S.TAITI

X/2000; MNRJ 16919, llcf, 3$ , 3 ovigerous
9 , pitfall trap, S.N.Brandão, N.Magalhães and
C.R.Tavares coll., 10/VII/2001; near the house,
MNRJ 16920, 7 d , 69 , 3 ovigerous 9 , pitfall
trap, S.N.Brandão, N.Magalhães and
C.R.Tavares coll. 10/VII/2001; near the house,
MNRJ 16924, ld , 39 , C.Serejo and M.C.Rayol
coll. 18/X/2001.

Distribution - Species of Mediterranean origin with
a cosmopolitan distribution. Records from Brazil:
States of Pará, Bahia (Abrolhos), Santa Catarina
and Rio Grande do Sul (Lemos de Castro, 1967;
1971; 1972; Araújo etal, 1996).

Diagnosis - Colour in vivo purple-grey with plum-
like bloom on dorsal surface. Cephalothorax
bearing small antero-lateral lobes, very prominent

V-shaped supra-antennal line, eyes with 19-22
ommatidia (Fig.14). Flagellum of antenna
composed of two articles, the first twice as long
as the second. Pleon much narrower than
pereion. Pleotelson triangular with acute apex.
Two pairs of pleopodal lungs. Male pleopod 1
exopod pear-shaped with short rounded distai
lobe (Fig. 15).

Maximum length - d = llmm; 9 = 13mm.

Remarks - The preference of P. pruinosus for
synanthropic habitats suggests its introduction
through human activities in many parts of the
world. According to Dangerfield & Telford (1990)
this species is capable of very rapid population
growth, which probably explains its success in
colonizing disturbed sites.

Niambia squamata, d syntype: fig. 10- cephalothorax and pereonite I; fig. 11- telson; fig. 12- pleopod exopod 1; fig. 13-
pereopod 7. Scale bars: lmm

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TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ONISCIDEA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

353

Porcellionid.es pminosus : fig. 14- d ; fig. 15- pelopod exopod 1. Scale bars: (14) = lmm; (15) = O.lmm.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to record our sincerest gratitude to the
late Dr Paulo Young (Museu Nacional, Rio de
Janeiro), who collected and entrusted us with the
material examined in this study; and to Ms M. Lowe
(The Natural History Museum, London) for the loan
of specimens of Niambia squamata.

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Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.357-362, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

AMPHINOMIDAE (ANNELIDA: POLYCHAETA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL,

NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL 1

(With 3 figures)

RÔMULO BARROSO 2 ’ 3
PAULO CESAR PAIVA 3

ABSTRACT: Three amphinomid species from Rocas Atoll - Northeastern Brazil are reported. The
re-description of Eurythoe complanata, Hermodice carunculata and the description of Linopherus
cf. canariensis is provided.

Key words: Amphinomidae. Eurythoe. Hermodice. Linopherus. Rocas Atoll.

RESUMO: Amphinomidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) do Atol das Rocas, nordeste do Brasil.

Três espécies de anfinomídeos do Atol das Rocas, nordeste do Brasil foram identificados. São
apresentadas redescrições das espécies: Eurythoe complanata, Hermodice carunculata e a descrição
de Linopherus cf. canariensis.

Palavras-chave: Amphinomidae. Eurythoe. Hermodice. Linopherus. Atol das Rocas.

INTRODUCTION

The family Amphinomidae was proposed by
Lamarck in 1818. Within this family, 19 genera
and 130 species have been recognized (Kudenov,
1995). The amphinomids are commonly found in
shallow tropical and subtropical water; however
specimens have also been reported in abyssal
depths and polar regions (Kudenov, 1993).

Members within this family normally have
elongated body, more or less sub-rectangular in
cross-section, less commonly depressed and sub-
elliptic in outline. Colors are nearly always brilliant,
often showing shades of green, red, scarlet, violet,
or yellow. The prostomium is bilobated and the
ventro-lateral palps are located in anterior lobe; it
has three antennae, two laterais and a median
antenna, present on the anterior and posterior
lobes, respectively.

The nuchal organs are ciliary ridges along the
caruncle margins, which extends dorsally from the
prostomium. Although present in most, some
amphinomids lack caruncle.

The parapodia are biramous, with one or two
dorsal, and one ventral cirrus. One or two poorly
developed pygidial appendages are also present.

They possess an eversible pharynx, bearing neither
jaws, teeth, nor papillae.

Branchiae may be present on some, or on all
notopodia, although they are typically absent on the
first setiger. Branchiae shape includes dendritic,
bipinate or palmate forms.

All chaetae are calcified, and the notosetae include
bifurcate and “harpoon” setae and neurosetae may
include curved hooks, bifurcated setae, smooth or
spurred spines and capillaries.

Amphinomids together with the other members of
the Order Amphinomida are unusual, compared to
other polychaetes, in having such features as calcified
setae, two pairs of longitudinal nerve cords and a
series of ventral epidermal pigment canais that are
parallel to the nervous system (Gustafson, 1930). All
other known modem polychaetes lack these features,
although a few interstitial forms may have two pairs
of nerve cords (Kudenov, 1995).

Diagnostic characters used to identify amphinomids
species include the prostomial morphology and the
development of prostomial appendages (i.e., eyes and
the cacuncle), as well as the distribution of branchiae,
setal types, and the distribution of notopodial and
neuropodial aciculae (Kudenov, 1995).

This paper describes the amphinomids species

1 Submitted on February 16, 2007. Accepted on May 8, 2007.

2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, IB, Departamento de Zoologia. Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

3 Research fellow of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

358

R.BARROSO & RC.PAIVA

collected in Rocas Atoll - Northeastern Brazil,
during four expeditions. A re-description of
Eurythoe complanata, Hermodice carunculata, and
Linopherus canariensis is provided.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Specimens were collected at the Rocas Atoll,
Northeastern Brazil, 3°51’30"S and 33°49’29"W, on
December 2000. This area is characterized by very
coarse and calcareous sediment and reefs formation
mainly by calcareous algae. Specimens were
collected between 2-15m. Eurythoe complanata
specimens were collected under stones, Hermodice
carunculata specimens were collected walking on
reefs, and Linopherus canariensis specimens were
collected in coarse and calcareous sediment.

SYSTEMATICS

Family Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818

Genus Eurythoe Kinberg, 1857

Body long, depressed, rectangular in cross section.
Prostomium with four eyes. Caruncle elongated. One
median and two lateral antennae. Two subulated
palps. Parapodia biramous, with projecting rami.
Notosetae of three kinds: simple capillaiy, sub-bifid
and serrated. Ventral setae sub-bifid, stout. Each

parapodia with a single dorsal and a ventral cirri.
Branchiae in tufts of filaments from the second setiger.

Eurythoe complanata (Palias, 1766)
(Fig.lA-H)

Material examined - 20 specimens. BRAZIL, RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE, ROCAS ATOLL, IBUFRJ -
0460, F.Pitombo and R.Barroso coll., XII/2000.

Description - Body 3.7-9.4cm long, 0.5-1.3cm wide,
38-94 setigers. Colorless in alcohol. Prostomium with
two pairs of eyes, being the second one more
conspicuous. The median antennae aligned to the
first pair of eyes, lateral antennae placed anteriorly;
palps latero-posteriorly located (Fig.IA). Lips with a
transversal groove. Caruncle long, smooth dorsal
surface, 6-7 lobes vertically arranged and fixed in
the dorsum, extending to the posterior margin of
second setiger. Branchiae dendritically branched
from setiger 2, with six filaments in setiger two. One
dorsal and one ventral cirrus per parapodium.
Neurosetae forked with smooth prongs of unequal
length (Fig.lB). One specimen presented neurosetae
forked with very fine serrations (Fig.lC) (see
discussion) . Notosetae of four types: forked setae with
smooth prongs of unequal length from setiger 1 to 6
(Fig.lD and 1H); harpoon-setae with re-curved
serrations on one side from setiger 3 onwards (Fig. 1F);
smooth pointed setae from setiger 3 onwards (Fig. 1E);
fine setae with a small spur and a long slender blade
from setiger 6 onwards (Fig. 1G).

Fig. 1- Eurythoe complanata: (A) anterior end in dorsal view; (B) furcate neurosetae; (C) furcate neuroetae with fine serrations; (D)
and (H) furcate notoetae; (E) smooth pointed notosetae; (F) “harpoon” notosetae; (G) fine “spurred’ notosetae. Scale bars = 25jum.

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AMPHINOMIDAE (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

359

Distribution - From Caribbean Sea to Southern
Brazil, including South Atlantic oceanic islands.

Discussion - In the last century, E. complanata
has been considered synonymous of several
others species from the Indian, Pacific and
Atlantic Ocean, which increased the wide
distribution of this species. Hartman (1948)
redescribed and considered synonymous nine
species described by Kinberg (1857, 1867) as
Eurythoe complanata, but maintained E. capensis
as valid, since the notosetae were serrated and
coarser than the neurosetae. E. capensis was
synonymized as E. complanata latter by Day
(1951). The circumtropical distribution of this
species was suggested by some authors (Núnes,
1991; Amaral & Nonato, 1994; Salazar-Vallejo,
1997), although at least Atlantic and Eastern
Pacific lineages are distinct species as
demonstrated by Barroso (2005) using allozymes.
Some descriptions disagree about the specific
details of the forked dorsal and ventral setae,
showing diferences in neuropodial setae, as well
as the forked setae of the dorsal ramus
(Treadwell, 1939:171; McIntosh, 1885, P1.3A,
Fig.9, Núnez, 1991, Fig.2E).

After an examination of specimens from Atlantic,
Pacific and Indian Ocean, as well as
Mediterranean and Red Sea, Barroso (2005) did
not find any difference in morphology among
these samples, but a variation of setal
morphology of individuais of the same population
and among setae from different parapodia. These
variations were mainly related to serrations in
inner side and proportional length of the longer
prong of notopodial sub-bifid setae. This result
plus the molecular divergence between Atlantic
and Pacific lineages suggests that E. complanata
is a complex of cryptic species. The fact that this
species presents few and simple morphological
traits (such as simple setae, pharynx without
jaws, teeth or papillae, branchiae in tufts) when
compared with others polychaete species, may
be responsible for this cosmopolitanism, that can
be the result of over conservative systematics
(Klautau et ah, 1999). Detailed morphological
analysis and molecular methods for assessing
gene flow are necessary to determine the
existence of intraspecific variation and speciation
processes among populations and then determine
the taxonomic status of this group, including
distribution and also the importance of setae
morphology, including shape and size in
taxonomic studies.

Genus Hermodice Kinberg, 1857

Body long, depressed, rectangular in cross section.
Prostomium rounded, with four dorsal eyes.
Caruncle large, oval, laterally expanded in two
foliaceous lobes. One median and two lateral
antennae. Two lateral palps arising from buccal
lips. Parapodia biramous, projecting. Dorsal setae
of two types: smooth capillary and serrate. Ventral
setae sub-bifid, denticulate toward rostral
extremity. Each parapodia with a single dorsal and
a ventral cirrus. Branchiae double, branched, in
all parapodia, alternating in position.

Hermodice camnculata (Palias, 1766)

Material examined - 15 specimens. BRAZIL, RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE, ROCAS ATOLL, IBUFRJ -
0461, Collectors: F.Pitombo and R.Barroso coll.,
XII/2000.

Description - Body 15-24cmlong, 1.5cmwide, 75-
94 setigers. Prostomium posteriorly surrounded by
the first setiger, with two pair of eyes, the second
pair seems to be doubled. Median antennae aligned
with the first pair of eyes. Buccal lips present a
pair of anterior lateral antennae (half length of the
median antennae) and a pair of palps latero-
posteriorly. Caruncle presents two series of 6 to 9
foliaceous lobes, each series obliqúe extending
backwards to setiger four (Fig.2A). Branchiae
dendritically branched, from setiger 1 onwards. One
dorsal and one ventral cirrus per parapodium,
notopodial cirrus bi-articulated and larger than the
neuropodial. Neuropodial setae spurred with
serrations (Fig.2B). Notopodial setae smooth and
pointed (Fig.2C-D).

Distribution - From Caribbean Sea to Southern
Brazil, including Atlantic oceanic islands.

Discussion - Hermodice camnculata has a well-
documented tropical Atlantic-Mediterranean
distribution. In Brazil it has been referred to São
Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Rio
Grande do Norte States. This species is particularly
associated with hard substrate, but also has been
encountered at or near the surface in flotsam or
swimming freely. McIntosh (1885) reported a one
foot long specimen swimming.

The specimens from Rocas Atoll showed two color
patterns in life, red and purple. No morphological
differences were found among individuais of these
two color patterns, but the possibility of two species

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.357-362, jul./set.2007

360

R.BARROSO & RC.PAIVA

can not be discharged and a molecular study may
be useful to investigate this question. All
individuais presented dorsal intersegmental black
stripes. Based on this characteristic, Baird (1870)
described H. nigrolineata, rejected by Ebbs (1966).
Humann (1992) considered these stripes as ajuvenile
character. Salazar-Vallejo (1997) observed small
differences between individuais regarding the
presence of such black stripes, including sexually
mature specimens, pointing out the need for more
studies. A comparative study with a high number
of specimens of diverse localities is advisable in
order to determine if H. canmculata is in fact a wide
distributed species or a complex of sibling ones.

Genus Linophems Quatrefages, 1865

The genus Linophems was described by Quatrefages
(1865) based on Grube (1860) redescription of
Amphinome incamnculata Peters, 1854. The validity
of this genus has been questioned due to the very
superficial description of Quatrefages and an
uncertainty on the presence or absence of a
caruncle. Peters says: “Diese Art... zeigt keine Spur
einer Carunkel” (meaning literally “This type...
doesn’t show any track of a caruncle”), while Grube
mentioned: “caruncle ovalis, margine integro”
(Amaral & Nonato, 1994). The genus Linophems, was
not recognized by Hartman (1959), which considered
Pseudeurythoe Fauvel, 1932 as valid. Nevertheless,
Fauchald (1977), based on the priority principie,
considered Pseudeurythoe as a junior synonymous
of Linophems.

Linophems is characterized by a prostomium
divided transversely with the anterior part
bilobed, and bearing a pair of antennae and a
pair of palps. The posterior part is almost square,
with two pair of eyes and a median antenna. The
caruncle is small or absent, sometimes sunk into
the first setiger. The parapodia with the notopodia
and neuropodia are well separated. A single
dorsal cirrus per notopodium. Branchiae are
present as single branching tufts, limited to the
anterior part of the body. All setae are hollow
and brittle, and the notosetae include harpoon-
setae and capillaries, while the neurosetae are
all spurred.

Linophems cf. canariensis (Langerhans, 1881)
(Fig.3A-E)

Material examined - 27 specimens. BRAZIL, RIO
GRANDE DO NORTE, ROCAS ATOLL, IBUFRJ -
0459, F.Pitombo and R.Barroso coll., XII/2000.

Description - Body 3.0-9.0mm long (^=4.4,
S=1.6, N=15), 0.3-0.8 mm wide (Y =0.4, S=0.1,
N=15), 23-48 setigers (Y =34, S=8.1, N=15). The
specimen was colorless in alcohol. Prostomium
with anterior and posterior lobes; anterior lobe
expanded, rounded and larger than the posterior
lobe (Fig.3A-B). Anterior lobe with lateral
antennae, slightly bi-articulate, located anteriorly,
and a pair of palps slightly bi-articulated located
latero-posteriorly. Two pairs of rounded eyes,
anterior pair larger. Median antennae smaller than
laterais, located between the second pair of eyes.

Fig.2- Hermodice carunculata : (A) anterior end in dorsal view; (B) “spurred” neurosetae with serrations; (C-D) smooth
pointed notosetae. Scale bars = lOOjum.

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AMPHINOMIDAE (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) FROM ROCAS ATOLL, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

361

No caruncule. Parapodia biramous with
notopodial and neuropodial cirri; notopodial
cirri of the same length throughout the body.
Branchiae present in setigers 3-7 (in some
individuais ending in setigers 6 or 8). Each
branchia with 3-6 filaments. Neurosetae
spurred in two sizes, longer with a spur at the
base of a serrated blade (Fig.3D), smaller with
a well marked spur and coarser serrations on
the longer prong (Fig.3C). Notosetae slender,
smooth, ribbon-shape (Fig.3E). Some
individuais with well-developed pygidial
appendages.

Variation - The articulations of the lateral
paired antennae and palps were not observed
in all individuais, probably due to their small
size or due to intraspecific variation. We think
that this character (articulations of antennae
and palps) does not help to sort out species.

This species lives in interstices of organic sediments
on tropical region of Atlantic Ocean.

Up to now, there are two species of Linopherus
referred to Brazil: L. canariensis and L. ambigua
(Monro, 1933) referred by Amaral & Nonato
(1994). Even though it is likely that a complex
of species would be covered under this name
since it had been considered as a cosmopolitan
species, referred to Pacific, Indian, and
Atlantic Oceans. These two species differs each
other mainly by presence of branchiae
restricted to setigers 3 to 7 and body length of
2-9mm in L. canariensis, while L. ambigua
possess branchiae from setiger 3 to 43 and
body length of 47mm.

A key including the species of Linopherus was
presented by Fauchald (1972) and modified by
Salazar-Vallejo (1987), who considered as valid 17
species.

Discussion - Specimens
studied are quite similar to
the description of Linopherus
canariensis (Langerhans,
1881) presented by Núnes et
al . (1991) based upon
specimens from Canary
Islands (type locality), but
some differences were
observed between specimens
from Canary Island and
Rocas Atoll. Differences were
related to the number of
branchial filaments on the
first branchial setiger (one
filament in Canary Islands
individuais and 3-5 in Rocas
Atoll individuais) and the
occlusion of the second pair
of eyes by the first setiger in
Canary individuais, while in
Rocas Atoll specimens the
second pair of eyes is visible.
These differences could be
easily regarded as phenotypic
plasticity or fixation artifacts.
Furthermore, number of
branchial filaments is a
character likely to vary
during ontogeny. L.
canariensis was already
reported from Canaiy Islands,
Panama, México, and Cuba.

Fig.3- Linopherus cf. canariensis : (A) anterior end in dorsal view; (B) anterior end in
lateral view; (C-D), forked denticulated neurosetae of two types; (E) slender and smooth
notosetae. Scale bars = 50jum.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.357-362, jul./set.2007

362

R.BARROSO & RC.PAIVA

The species of Linophems have been distinguished
mainly by the number of branchial setigers, number
of terminal branchial filaments, presence and number
of eyes, relative length of notopodial and neuropodial
cirri of first and second setiger, caruncle (present or
absent), and few setal characters, that has been poorly
described. Which one of these characters are in fact
synapomorphies for this group it is still unknown.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The sênior author is grateful to Sérgio Salazar-Vallejo
(ECOSUR, México) and to an anonymous reviewer,
for their comments and suggestions in respect to this
study, and to Fabio Pitombo (Universidade Federal
Fluminese), for his company and aid in field work
during the expedition to Rocas Atoll.

REFERENCES

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poliquetos da costa brasileira, 5. Pisionidae,
Chrysopetalidae, Amphinomidae e Euphrosinidae.

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 11(2) :361-390.

BARROSO, R., 2005. Avaliação do cosmopolitismo do
Verme-de-Fogo Eurythoe complanata (Palias, 1766)
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abordagens morfológicas e moleculares. 43p.
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Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.

D AY, J.H., 1951. The polychaete fauna of South África. Part
I. The intertidal and estuarine Polychaeta of Natal and
Mosambique. Annals of the Natal Museum, 12:1-67.

EBBS, N.K., 1966. The coral-inhabiting polychaetes of
the northern Florida reef tract, 1. Aphroditidae,
Polynoidae, Amphinomidae, Eunicidae and Lysaretidae.

Bulletin of Marine Science, 16:485-555.

FAUCHALD, K., 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions
and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural
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GRUBE, A.E., 1860. Beschreibung neuer oder wenig
bekannter Anneliden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte,

21:81-136.

GUSTAFSON, G., 1930. Anatomische Studien uber die
Polychaeten-Familien Amphinomidae und Euphrosynidae.

Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 12:305-471.

HARTMAN, O., 1959. Catalogue of the polychaetous

annelids of the world. Allan Hancock Foundation
Publications. Occasional Paper, 23:1-628.

HARTMAN, O., 1948. The marine annelids erected by
Kinberg with some notes on some other types in the
Swedish State Museum. Arkiv für Zoologi, 42(1):1-137.

HUMANN, P., 1992. Reef Creature Identification:
Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. Jacksonville: New World.
320p.

KLAUTAU, M; RUSSO, C.A.M.; LAZOSKI, C.; BOURY-
ESNAULT N.; THORPE, J.P. & SOLÉ-CAVA, A.M.,1999.
Does cosmopolitanism result from overconservative
systematic? A case study using the marine sponge
Chondnlla nucula. Evolution, 53:1414-1442.

KUDENOV, J.D., 1993. Amphinomidae and

Euphrosinidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) principally from
Antartica, the Southern Ocean, and Subantartic regions.

Antartic Research Series, 58:93-150.

KUDENOV, J.D., 1995. Family Amphinomidae Lamarck,
1818. In: BLAKE, J.A.; HILBIG, B. & SCOTT, P.H. (Eds.)

Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa
Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel, Vol.
5: The Annelida. Part 2. Polychaeta: Phyllodocida
(Sylliae and Scale-bearing Families), Amphinomida
and Eunicida. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum
of Natural History. p.207-215.

McINTOSH, W.C.,1885. Report on the Annelida
Polychaeta collected by the H.M.S. Challenger during the
years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the
Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876
under the command of the Captain George S. Nares, R.N.,
F.R.S. and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N.
Challenger Reports - Zoology, 12:1-554.

NÚNEZ, J.; BRITO, M.C. & OCANA, O.,1991. Anélidos
poliquetos de Canarias: familia Amphinomidae. Cahiers
de Biologie Marine, 32:469-476.

QUATREFAGES, A., 1865. Note sur la classification des
annelids. Academie des Sciences Naturelels, 5(3):253-296.

SALAZAR-VALLEJO, S.I., 1987. A new amphinomid
polychaete (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Western México.

Revista de Biologia Tropical, 35(1):77 82.

SALAZAR-VALLEJO, S.I., 1997. Anfinómidos y
eufrosínidos (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae,

Euphrosinidae) dei Caribe mexicano, con claves para
identificar las especies dei Gran Caribe. Revista de
Biologia Tropical, 44/45:379-390

TREADWELL, L.A.,1939. Polychaetous annelids of Porto
Rico and vicinity. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and
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16(2): 151-319.

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Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.363-368, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

SABELLIDAE LATREILLE, 1825 (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA)

FROM ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES 1

(With 4 figures)

ELISA MARIA COSTA-PAIVA 2 ’ 3
PAULO CESAR PAIVA 2

ABSTRACT: Three species of sabellids belonging to the genera Bispira and Notaulax were found in Rocas
Atoll, Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Brazil (3°51’30”S and 33°49’29”W). Among them, Bispira klautae is a
new species. The description of this new species and a redescription of B. melanostigma and N. occidentalis
are provided.

Key words: Polychaeta. Sabellidae. Rocas Atoll. Brazil. New species.

RESUMO: Sabellidae Latreille, 1825 (Annelida, Polychaeta) do Atol das Rocas, Brasil, com a descrição de
uma nova espécie.

Três espécies de sabelídeos pertencentes aos gêneros Bispira e Notaulax foram encontrados no Atol das
Rocas, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil (3°51’30”S e 33°49’29”W). Dentre estas, uma nova espécie: Bispira
klautae. Além da descrição desta nova espécie, é fornecida a redescrição de B. melanostigma e N. occidentalis.

Palavras-chave: Polychaeta. Sabellidae. Atol das Rocas. Brasil. Espécie nova.

INTRODUCTION

After the original description, the first significant
subdivision of the Sabellidae was carried by Rioja
(1923) who divided the family in three subfamilies:
Myxicolinae, Fabriciinae, and Sabellinae, based
largely on setal characters. Johansson (1927)
subsequently modified Rioja (1923) scheme
assigning Myxicolinae to the Fabriciinae. Based in
a detailed cladistic analysis of the sabellids and
associated taxa, Fitzhugh (1989) recognized the
monophyletic condition of Sabellidae supported by
three setal synapomorphies: (1) thoracic
neuropodial uncini with the main fang surmounted
by a broad series of smaller teeth; (2) the proximal
region of uncini with a handle or shaft, and; (3)
spinelike abdominal neurosetae. Fitzhugh (1989)
was able to confirm the monophyly for only two
sabellid subfamilies, the Fabriciinae and
Sabellinae, although several genera included to that
point of time within Fabriciinae were transferred
to Sabellinae. The emended diagnoses for
subfamilies are currently used ( e.g. Smith, 1991;
Rouse, 2000; Bick, 2005).

Sabellids are distributed worldwide and are

associated with hard surfaces and soft sediments
for all latitudes from intertidal areas to shelf depths
(Fauchald, 1977; Rouse & Pleijel, 2001; Giangrande
& Licciano, 2004).

The major characteristics used in sabellids taxonomy
include: (a) the presence or absence of companion
setae to the neuropodial uncini in the thorax also
called pennoned setae or pick-axe setae, (b) the
structure of the thoracic uncini which may be acicular
or avicular, and (c) the anatomy of the branchial
crown and associated structures such as dorsal and
ventral lips, pinnular, and radiolar appendages
(Perkins, 1984; Fitzhugh, 1989; Rouse, 2000).

SYSTEMATICS

Family Sabellidae Latreille, 1825

Subfamily Sabellinae Johnston, 1846

Genus Bispira Kroyer, 1856

Kroyer (1856) defined Bispira without including any
species. Claparède (1868) was the first to refer a species
to the genus, Bispira volutacornis, based on the

1 Submitted on February 16, 2007. Accepted on May 8, 2007.

2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, IB, Departamento de Zoologia. Ilha do Fundão, 21940-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

3 E-mail: elisapolychaeta@hotmail.com.

364

E.M.COSTA-PAIVA & P.C.PAIVA

description oíAmphitrite volutacomis Montagu, 1804.
This genus has a crown with unflanged base, usually
in two semicircles with numerous pairs of radioles
sometimes with composite eyes; crown with shallow
palmate membrane about 1 /10 of total crown length;
collar margins usually separated dorsally by a distinct
gap; inferior thoracic notosetal fascicles arranged in
bundles with irregular longitudinal setal rows; inferior
thoracic notosetae spinelike. Abdominal neurosetal tori
as conical lobes; abdominal neurosetal fascicles
arranged in a C-shaped configuration or partially
spiraled; anterior abdominal neurosetae spinelike in
anterior and posterior rows; thoracic uncini avicular;
companion setae with distai ends as distinctly
asymmetrical membranes; interramal eyespots
present (Fitzhugh, 1989; Knight-Jones & Perkins, 1998).

Bispira melanostigma (Schmarda, 1861)

(Fig.l)

Sabella variegata Kroyer, 1856.

Sabella thoracica Kroyer, 1856.

Sabella melanostigma Schmarda, 1861.

Sabella bipunctata Baird, 1865.

Bispira melanostigma (Schmarda, 1861) comb.nov.
- Knight-Jones & Perkins, 1998.

Material - 6 specimens under stones in tidal pools,
Rocas Atoll, Brazil.

Diagnosis - Radioles in semicircular
arrangement United by a palmate membrane,
most radioles with five pairs of dark brown
composite eyes. Ventral lappets prominent and
involuted medially to form small pockets and
collar dorsal margins separated by a wide gap.
Discrete dark spots close to dorsal sides on all
parapodia, and small brown strips at ventral end
of each thoracic neuropodial torus and on
ventral surface of each abdominal setiger.

Description - Body 58 to 77mm long without
crown, in complete specimens; thorax 3 to 5mm
wide, narrower in side view; 10 to 14 thoracic and
102 to 122 abdominal setigers (Fig.la). Crown 17
to 27 mm long with 18 to 25 pairs of radioles
usually in semicircular arrangement; most
radioles with 5 pairs of dark brown composite eyes,
radioles United by a palmate membrane in 1/8 of
their total length, stylodes absent; dorsal lips
tapered without radiolar appendages; dorsal
margins of collar prominent and separated by a
wide gap, lateral margins reaching junction
between thorax and crown. Ventral lappets
prominent and involuted medially to form small

pockets; thoracic setigers becoming gradually
narrower posteriorly; describe ventral sacs, since
they are mentioned in the remarks first thoracic
notosetae spinelike all with similar size (Fig.lb),
notosetae on posterior thoracic setigers spinelike
or elongate spinelike (Fig.lc), all thoracic
notosetae slightly flattened laterally; thoracic
neuropodial avicular uncini (Fig.ld) in a single
row; companion setae with a thin, tapered
extension on one side (Fig.le). Abdominal
neurosetae elongate spinelike all similar in size;
abdominal notopodial avicular uncini in a single
row, without companion setae. Pygidium well
developed without eyespots.

Color (fixed material) pale with dark bands around
the crown, diffuse liver-brown patches on dorsal
thorax and ventral sacs, discrete dark spots close
to dorsal sides on all parapodia, and small brown
strips at ventral end of each thoracic neuropodial
torus and on ventral surface of each abdominal
setiger; collar with similar pigmentation on inner
surface of ventral lappets and with elongate
yellowish band parallel to dorsolateral margins.

Remarks - The smallest specimen observed in this
study is larger than the largest specimen recorded
by Knight-Jones & Perkins (1998) in their revision.
Nevertheless, morphological differences are
restricted to slight differences in number of
abdominal setigers (102-122 in our material vs 60-
100) and crown size (17-27mm vs 8-15mm).

Bispira melanostigma seems to be very close to B.
viola (Grube, 1863) (Knight-Jones & Perkins, 1998).
However, B. melanostigma differs in having a shorter
first setiger and very protuberant ventral sacs.

Distribution - Bispira melanostigma is widespread
in the Caribbean and Gulf of México, extending
northward as far as North Carolina and Bermuda
(Knight-Jones & Perkins, 1998). The distribution is
southerly expanded to Rocas Atoll, Brazil.

Bispira klautae sp.nov.

(Figs.2-3)

Material - 2 specimens associated with calcareous
algae in tidal pools from Rocas Atoll, Brazil.

Diagnosis - Crown with reddish brown bands.
Radioles in semicircular arrangement with dark
brown composite eyes and United by a palmate
membrane. Ventral lappets prominent and collar
dorsal margins widely separated apparently pushed
aside by spongy masses. Interramal spots present.

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SABELLIDAE LATREILLE, 1825 FROM ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

365

Fig.l- Bispira melanostigma: (a) ventral view, scale bar = 2mm; (b)
thoracic spinelike notosetae, scale bar = 25pm; (c) thoracic elongate
spinelike notosetae, scale bar = 25pm; (d) thoracic avicular uncini,
scale bar = 10pm; (e) companion setae, scale bar = 10pm.

Description - Holotype (IBUFRJ-0454) complete; body
12mm long without crown, thorax 2mm wide (Fig.2a),
with 9 thoracic and 36 abdominal setigers; crown 9mm
long with 15 pairs of radioles in semicircular
arrangement. Paratype (IBUFRJ-0455) complete; body
12mm long without crown, thorax 2mm wide, with 7
thoracic and 33 abdominal setigers; crown 9mm long
with 15 pairs of radioles in semicircular arrangement.
Radioles in the crown with dark brown composite eyes
(Fig.2b); palmate membrane in 1 /8 of total crown length,
stylodes absent; tapering dorsal lips with dark brown

tips, without radiolar appendages; dorsal
margins of collar prominent and separated by
a wide gap, lateral margins reaching junction
between thorax and crown. Ventral lappets
prominent and with dorsal margins widely
separated, apparently pushed aside by spongy,
cushion-like masses (Figs.2c, 3); thoracic
setigers becoming gradually narrower
posteriorly with two types of notosetae:
spinelike (Fig.2d) and shorter broadly hooded
(Fig.2e); thoracic neuropodial avicular uncini
(Fig.2f) in a single row; companion setae with
thin, wide, asymmetrical blades (Fig.2g).
Abdominal neurosetae in a C-shaped
arrangement, including longer needlelike
(Fig.2h) and shorter spinelike setae; abdominal
notopodial avicular uncini in a single row,
without companion setae. Pygidium well
developed without eye-spots.

Color after fixation: crown with reddish-
brown bands, collar liver-brown in inner
surface and whole body with conspicuous
interramal spots.

Remarks - Bispira klautae sp. nov. belongs to
a group of species that possesses thoracic
spongy, cushion-like masses together with B.
porifem (Grube, 1878) and B. paraporifem
Tovar-Hernández & Salazar-Vallejo, 2006.
Nevertheless it differs form B. porífera mainly
by the presence of composite eyes in radioles
and by thoracic notosetae including longer
spinelike and shorter broadly hooded setae
in B. klautae sp. nov. Besides, B. klautae sp.
nov. has more thoracic setigers (9 in B. klautae
sp. nov. vs 8 in B. porifera), a lower number
of radioles (15 vs 45-80) and a shorter crown
(9 mm vs 21-40 mm). It differs from B.
paraporifera by the shape of the cushion-like
masses (much wider in B. klautae) and by
having 15 pairs of radioles and 3 pair of eyes
(vs 14 and 4 in B.paraporifera). Furthermore,
B. klautae has more thoracic setigers (9 in B.
klautae sp. nov. vs 8 in B. paraporifera) and possess
shorter broadly hooded setae besides spinelike ones.
Bispira klautae sp. nov. differs from all others species
of the genus Bispira by the presence of the spongy
masses in the thorax. It differs also from B. tricyclia
(Schmarda, 1861) in the color of the bands in the
branchial crown (reddish in B. klautae sp. nov. vs
pale yellowish in B. tricyclia) , the number of thoracic
setigers (9 vs 12-21), the number of radioles (15 vs
29-132 on the left and 23-66 on the right) and the

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366 E.M.COSTA-PAIVA & RC.PAIVA

Fig.2- Bispira klautae sp.nov.: (a) anterior end, ventral view without
branchial crown, scale bar = lmm; (b) radiole with composite eyes,
scale bar = lmm; (c) anterior end, dorsal view, scale bar = lmm; (d)
thoracic spinelike notosetae, scale bar = 25pm; (e) thoracic broadly
hooded notosetae, scale bar = 25pm; (f) thoracic avicular uncini,
scale bar = lOpm; (g) companion setae, scale bar = lOpm; (h)
abdominal needlelike neurosetae, scale bar = 10pm.

presence of interramal spots. The new species differs
from B. viola (Grube, 1863) in the arrangement of
composite eyes (always single in B. klautae sp. nov.
vs single or paired in B. viola) , the number of thoracic
setigers (9 vs 11-17) and the number of radioles (15
vs 25) (Knight-Jones & Perkins, 1998).

Distribution - Rocas Atoll, Brazil.

Etymology - The spongy appearance of the
thorax lead us to name the species for Dr.
Michelle Klautau, whose work with
sponges inspired our description.

Genus l\Toían/ax Tauber, 1879

The genus Notaulax was described by
Tauber (1879) and revised by Perkins
(1984). This genus has a crown with
numerous radioles; palmate membrane
present; simple radiolar eyes organized
in groups or on lateral margins distai to
palmate membrane; branchial lobes veiy
long with flanges in dorsal and ventral
margins; collar setae spinelike arranged
in longitudinal or obliqúe fascicles;
thoracic superior notosetae spinelike
and inferior ones paleate, both types
arranged in two transverse rows;
abdominal neurosetae in two transverse
rows of capillary and paleate with long
mucros; thoracic uncini avicular,
companion setae present with teardrop-
shaped membranes; abdominal uncini
with main fang surmounted by teeth of
equal size (Perkins, 1984; Fitzhugh, 1989;
Nogueira, 2000).

Notaulax occidentalis (Baird, 1865)
(Fig.4)

Sabella occidentalis Baird, 1865
Sabella alba Treadwell, 1917
Parasabella sulfurea Treadwell, 1917.
Hypsicomus purpureus Treadwell, 1924
Notaulax occidentalis (Baird, 1865)
comb.nov. - Perkins, 1984

Material - 1 complete specimen and 1
anterior fragment, both associated with
calcareous algae in tidal pools from
Rocas Atoll, Brazil.

Diagnosis - Crown purple brown with white
bands in the tip of radioles. Radioles in a
semicircular arrangement United by a palmate
membrane. Radiolar eyes present in scattered rows.
Branchial lobes purple brown and long. Collar setae
in an obliqúe fascicle. Abdômen pale with a dark
yellowish band in the middle of ventral side and
two eyespots in pygidium.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.363-368, jul./set.2007

SABELLIDAE LATREILLE, 1825 FROM ROCAS ATOLL, BRAZIL. WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

367

Fig.3- Bispira klautae sp.nov.: ventral side of thorax showing
spongy, cushion-like mass, scale bar = lmm.

Description - Body 54mm long without crown,
thorax 4mm wide; with 8 thoracic and 138
abdominal setigers in the complete specimen
(Fig.4a). Branchial crown, 16-23mm long, purple
brown with white bands in the tip of radioles; 20
pairs of radioles in semicircular arrangement.
Branchial lobes very long, exposed, stained with
purple pigment. Radioles united by a palmate
membrane about 1/4 of their total length; tips
without pinnules and flattened; without stylodes;
eyes arranged in scattered rows beginning above
palmate membrane. Collar segment bilobed,
dorsally purple brown; ventral side with two
triangular lappets and rectangular shield; collar
setae spinelike, in obliqúe rows. Thoracic
notopodial fascicles bearing spinelike (Fig.4b, c)
and two rows of paleate (Fig.4d) setae; thoracic
neuropodia with avicular uncini (Fig.4e) and
companion setae with a distally pointed,
teardrop-shaped membrane (Fig.4f). Thoracic
ventral shields trapezoidal. Neurosetae in
anteriormost abdominal setigers including
paleate and capillary; posteriormost setigers
with paleate setae bearing longer mucros (Fig.4g)
and capillary setae. Abdominal notopodial
avicular uncini in a single row. Pygidium with
two eyespots.

Color (after fixation) purple brown with white
bands in the tip of radioles; thorax reddish-
brown with a white band along dorsal surface;
abdômen pale with a dark yellowish band along
ventral side.

Remarks - These specimens of N. occidentalis

seems to be very similar to those described by
Perkins (1984) concerning size, color pattern,
habitat, and others taxonomic traits.

As regards the Brazilian shores, Notaulax
specimens were previously referred to as N.
nudicollis (Kroyer, 1856) (Perkins, 1984), form
of the Southern coast, and as Notaulax sp.
(Nogueira, 2000), from the southeastern coast.
However, N. occidentalis differs from these
species by having ventrally incised collar
margins in adults.

Fig.4- Notaulax ocddentalis: (a) anterior end, lateral view, scale
bar = lmm; (b) thoracic spinelike notosetae, frontal view, scale
bar = 25|am; (c) thoracic spinelike notosetae, lateral view, scale
bar = 25pm; (d) thoracic paleate notosetae, scale bar = 25pm;
(e) thoracic avicular uncini, scale bar = lOpm); (f) companion
setae, scale bar = lOpm; (g) abdominal modified paleate
neurosetae, scale bar = 10pm.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.363-368, jul./set.2007

368

E.M.COSTA-PAIVA & P.C.PAIVA

Nonato & Luna (1970) and Rullier & Amoureux
(1979) reported Hypsicomus elegans (Webster,
1884) from the northeastern coast of Brazil,
including Rocas Atoll. Nevertheless, H. elegans is
actually a junior synonym of N. occidentalis
(Perkins, 1984). The occurrence of N. occidentalis
herein reported is close to the localities sampled
by Nonato & Luna (1970) and Rullier & Amoureux
(1979), suggesting that their reports are likely to
refer to N. occidentalis.

Distribution - N. occidentalis is widespread in the
tropical eastern Atlantic, extending northward as
far as North Carolina (Perkins, 1984). The
distribution is southerly expanded to Rocas Atoll,
Brazil. Usually found in tidal pools or associated
with coral reefs or calcareous algae.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Sênior author was supported by a fellowship from
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio
de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Process E-26/151.609/
2001. The authors are thankful to Nelson Ferreira
Jr. (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) and
Inácio Domingos da Silva Neto (Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro), for providing laboratory
facilities, and to Paulo S. Young (in memoriam ) for
fieldwork contribution.

REFERENCES

BICK, A. 2005. Redescription of Fábriciola tonerella
Banse, 1959, and a new record of Novafabricia
infratorquata (Fitzhugh, 1983) from the Mediterranean
Sea, with a key for the Fabriciinae (Annelida: Polychaeta)
of the Mediterranean Sea and the northeast Atlantic.
Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244:137-152.

CLAPARÈDE, E., 1868. Les annélides chétopodes du
Golfe de Naples. Mémoires de la Société de Physique
et d’Histoire naturelle de Genève, 19:313-584.

FAUCHALD, K., 1977. The Polychaete worms. Definitions
and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural
History Museum of Los Angeles County - Science
Series, 28:1-188.

FITZHUGH, K., 1989. A systematic revision of the
Sabellidae-Caobangiidae-Sabellongidae complex
(Annelida: Polychaeta). American Museum of Natural
History, 192:1-104.

GIANGRANDE, A. & LICCIANO, M., 2004. Factors
influencing latitudinal pattern of biodiversity: an
example using Sabellidae (Annelida, Polychaeta).

Biodiversity and Conservation, 13:1633-1646.

JOHANSSON, K.E., 1927. Beitrãge zur Kenntnis der
Polychaeten-Familien Hermellidae, Sabellidae und
Serpulidae. Zoologiska Bidrag frãn Uppsala, 11:1-185.

KNIGHT-JONES, P. & PERKINS, T.H., 1998. A revision
of Sabella, Bispira and Stylloma (Polychaeta:
Sabellidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean
Society, 123:385-467.

KR0YER, H., 1856. Bidrag til Kundskab af Sabellerne.

Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs
Forhandlinger, 1856:1-36.

NOGUEIRA, J.M.M., 2000. Anelídeos poliquetas
associados ao coral Mussimilia hispida (Verrill, 1868)
em ilhas do litoral do Estado de São Paulo -
Phyllodocida, Amphinomida, Eunicida, Spionida,
Terebellida e Sabellida. 265p. Tese de Doutorado -
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas
(Zoologia), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.

NONATO, E.F. & LUNA, J.A.C., 1970. Anelídeos
poliquetas do Nordeste do Brasil. I - Poliquetas
bentônicos da costa de Alagoas e Sergipe. Boletim do
Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São
Paulo, 19:57-130.

PERKINS, T.H., 1984. Revision of Demonax Kinberg,
Hypsicomus Grube, and Notaulax Tauber, with a review
of Megalomma Johansson from Florida (Polychaeta:
Sabellidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington, 97(2):285-368.

RIOJA, E., 1923. Estúdio sistemático de las especies Ibéricas
dei suborden Sabelliformia. Trabajos dei Museo Nacional
de Ciências Naturales Serie Zoológica, 48:1-144.

ROUSE, G.W., 2000. Family Sabellidae. In: BEESLEY,
P.L.; ROSS, G.J.B. & GLASBY, C.J. (Eds.) Polychaetes
& Allies: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia.
Vol. 4A Polychaeta, Myzostomida, Pogonophora,
Echiura, Sipuncula. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
p. 180-184.

ROUSE, G.W. & PLEIJEL, F., 2001. Polychaetes. New
York: Oxford University Press Inc. 354p.

SMITH, R.S., 1991. Relationships within the Order
Sabellida (Polychaeta). Ophelia, 5:249-260.

TAUBER, P., 1879. Annulata Danica. En kritisk
Revision af de i Danmark fundne Annulata,
Chaetognatha, Gephyrea, Balanoglossi, Discophorae,
Oligochaeta, a Gymnocopa og Polychaeta.

Copenhagen: Reitzel.

TOVAR-HERNÁNDEZ, M.A. & SALAZAR-VALLEJO, S.I.,
2006. Sabellids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from the Grand
Caribbean. Zoological Studies, 45(l):24-66.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.363-368, jul./set.2007

Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.369-380, jul./set.2007
ISSN 0365-4508

NEREIDIDAE FROM ROCAS ATOLL (NORTH-EAST, BRAZIL) 1

(With 7 figures)

CINTHYA S. G. SANTOS 2

ABSTRACT: Seven species of nereidids belonging to the genera Nereis, Neanthes, Ceratocephale, Perinereis,
and Ceratonereis were identified in Rocas Atoll, Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Brazil (03°51’30”S and
33°49’29”W). Among them, one is new, Nereis lanai sp.nov., and three Nereis panamensis, Ceratonereis
longicirrata and Perinereis floridana are new records to Brazilian coast.

Key words: Nereididae. Rocas Atoll. Brazil. New species. New records.

RESUMO: Nereididae do Atol das Rocas (Nordeste, Brasil).

Sete espécies de nereidídeos pertencentes aos gêneros Nereis, Neanthes, Ceratocephale Perinereis e Ceratonereis
foram identificados no Atol das Rocas, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil (03°51’30”S e 33°49’29”W). Dentre
estas, uma espécie é nova, Nereis lanai sp.nov., e três constituem novos registros para a costa brasileira,
Nereis panamensis, Perinereis floridana e Ceratonereis longicirrata.

Palavras-chave: Nereididae. Atol das Rocas. Brasil. Espécie nova. Novos registros.

INTRODUCTION

Nereididae Lamarck, 1818 is among the most
familiar polychaetes, both as classical textbook
examples and from their occurrence on seashores
around the world. While often referred to as
Nereidae, especially in the older literature, the
emended spelling to Nereididae, attributable to
Pettibone (1971), is foliowed herein. Nereididae are
widely employed in laboratory experiments, as bait
for fishing, and sometimes even for human
consumption (Gambi, 1994; Olive, 1994). Presently,
there are some 540 nominal species grouped into
47 genera, although there is little consensus among
different authors (Bakken & Wilson, 2005;
Khlebovitch, 1996; Pleijel, 2001; Santos etal, 2005).

The prostomium has a shape approaching an inverted
T, that usually bears a pair of antennae anteriorly,
and a biarticulated pair of palps. Other important
features are the number of tentacular cirri;
development of parapodia lobes with one or two
distinct rami, noto- and neuropodia; proboscis
divided into two rings: smooth, ornate with
paragnaths and/or papillae; jaws, serrated or smooth;
compound noto- and neurochaetae, that can be
homogomph, heterogomph, and sesquigomph
spinigers and/or falcigers.

A previous study by Rullier & Amoureux (1979)

recorded three species of Nereididae in Rocas Atoll
namely, Platynereis magalhensis Kinberg, 1866,
Nereis trifasciata Grube, 1878, and Ceratonereis
mirabilis Kinberg, 1866. A total of 72 polychaetes
species were identified in Rocas Atoll by Netto et al.
(1999), being 45 meiobenthic, however they did not
provide any specific information for Nereididae.
Recently, Neves & Omena (2003) identified Nereis
trifasciata Grube, 1878 as one of sixteen polychaetes
taxa associated to sponges assemblages.
Additionally, Santos & Lana (2001) described a new
species to the area, Ceratocephale rocaensis, whereas
Santos & Lana (2003) recorded Nereis falçaria (Willey,
1905) and Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1866.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Genus Nereis Linnaeus, 1758

Diagnosis - Four tentacular cirri; a pair of frontal
antennae; proboscis with conical paragnaths on
both rings, absent in one or two areas; parapodia
with noto- and neuroaciculae supporting noto- and
neuropodia, respectively; notopodial ligulae may
be present; posterior notopodia with homogomph
spinigers replaced by homogomph falcigers;
neuropodia with homogomph spinigers,
heterogomph spinigers and falcigers.

1 Submitted on February 16, 2007. Accepted on September 8, 2007.

2 Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Marinha. Outeiro São João Batista, s/n°, Caixa Postal 100.644, Niterói,
24001-970, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: csgomes@vm.uff.br.

370

C.S.G.SANTOS

Nereis lanai sp.n.

(Fig.l)

Examined material - Rio Grande do Norte, Rocas
Atoll: HOLOTYPE: IBUFRJ 609 - “Cemitério” pool,
06/30/2001, C.Tavares, N.Magalhães and
S.N.Brandão coll.; paratypes: IBUFRJ 610 -
“Cemitério” pool, 06/30/2001, C.Tavares,
N.Magalhães and S.N.Brandão coll., 20
specimens; IBUFRJ 611 - 03°51’751” S -
33°49’066 “ W, calcareous algae, 10/05/2001, 1
specimen; IBUFRJ 612 - “Barretinha” Chanel,
calcareous algae, 10/10/2000, 22 specimens.

dorsal cirri longer than notopodial lobe along the body
and notopodial ligulae absent throughout (Figs.lb-
lf). Neuropodial lobe acicular and neuropodial ligulae
with almost half length of neuropodial lobe (Figs. lb-
lf). Neuropodial cirri shorter than neuropodial ligulae
along the body. Notochaetae homogomph spinigers
(Fig.lg) in anterior chaetigers, replaced by
homogomph falcigers from chaetigers 8-9 (Figs.lh-
j). Neurochaetae supra-acicular homogomph and
heterogomph spinigers and subacicular
heterogomph spinigers and falcigers (Fig. 11). Pigidial
cirri reaching 3-4 chaetigers when distended
towards anterior region.

Diagnosis - Specimens delicate
and small. Proboscis with very
delicate conical paragnaths.
Notochaetae homogomph
spinigers replaced by one
homogomph falciger tridentate
from chaetiger 8-9, the third
tooth is small and can be absent
or overlooked in some hooks;
notopodial ligulae absent
throughout.

Description - The holotype is a
complete specimen of 35
chaetigers and 7mm long.
Paratypes vary from 10
chaetigers, lmm long to 37
chaetigers, 5mm long.
Specimens whitish in ethanol,
without any pigmentation
pattern. Prostomium with 2
pairs of small eyes, in trapezoidal
arrangement (Fig. la), on the
posterior half. One pair of frontal
antennae, subigual in length to
palps and palpostyles
subconicals. Anterior cirri
(=tentacular cirri) short, the
postero-dorsal, usually the
longest, reaches the second
chaetiger (Fig. la). Paragnaths
small, few, poorly chitinized and
hardly visualized, usually with
the aid of optical microscopy,
distributed in Area 1.1-2?; Areas
II.4-5; Area III.?; Areas IV. 3-4;
Area V. 0; areas VI. 2-3?; Areas
VII-VIII. 4-5. Peristomium
maybe folded on the first pair of
eyes (Fig. la). Notopodia with

Fig.l- Nereis lanai sp.n.: (a) anterior end, dorsal view; (b) parapodium 5, posterior
view; (c), parapodium 10, posterior view; (d) parapodium 15, anterior view; (e) parapodium
20, anterior view; (f) parapodium 30, posterior view; (g) notochaetae homogomph spiniger
from parapodium 10; (h-j) notochaetae homogomph falciger; (1) neurochaeta
heterogomph falciger from parapodium 30. Scale bars: a-f = lOOpm; g-l=45pm.

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.369-380, jul./set.2007

NEREIDIDAE FROM ROCAS ATOLL (NORTH-EAST, BRAZIL)

371

Remarks - Similar species with notopodial
homogomph falcigers dentate are Nereis jacksoni
Kinberg, 1866, Nereis falcaria { Willey, 1905), Nereis
kauderni Fauvel, 1921, and N. panamensis
Fauchald, 1977, all these species present notopodial
ligulae conspicuous in anterior parapodia. Nereis
trifasciata, recorded by Neves & Omena (2003), has
homogomph falcigers slightly serrated, never
dentate, and notopodial ligulae present in anterior
chaetigers, while in Nereis lanai chaetae are distinctly
bi-tridentate and notopodial ligulae are absent.

Specimens from Rocas Atoll examined by Santos &
Lana (2003) were identified as N falcaria having
notopodial ligulae, not so well developed as
described by Day (1967), and with dorsal cirri
subterminal. Santos & Lana (2003) examined only
2 specimens that were not in good conservation
conditions. Their material, figures and description
are very similar to N lanai and can be confounded;
however the material identified as N. falcaria
present notopodial ligulae, absent in N. lanai and
not so well developed as seen in N. panamensis.

Fig.2- Nereis panamensis: (a) anterior end, dorsal, view; (b) parapodium
1, posterior view; (c) parapodium 5, posterior view; (d) parapodium 26,
anterior view; (e) parapodium 40, posterior view; (f) parapodium 50,
anterior view; (g) notochaeta homogomph falciger from parapodium 40;
(h) neurochaeta subacicular from parapodium 40. Scale bars: a=450pm,
b-f=100pm, g-h=45pm.

Habitat - Tide pools with fine sand.

Distribution - Only known up to this date
to Rocas Atoll.

Etymology - The species is named after
Paulo Lana, for his contribution to the
knowledge of Brazilian polychaete fauna.

Nereis panamensis Fauchald, 1977
(Fig.2)

Nereis panamensis Fauchald, 1977:29-31,
fig.6d-I; De Leôn-González, 1997:148-152,
figs.86a-g; 87a-b.

Examined material - Rio Grande do Norte,
Rocas Atoll: IBUFRJ 613 - 03°51’751” S -
33°49’066”W, calcareous algae, 10/05/
2001, 1 specimen.

Diagnosis - Prostomium with slightly bifid
anterior margin (Fig.2a); Paragnaths absent
on areas I and V, other areas II. 3-4 cones in
a transverse row; III. 6 cones in transverse
row; area IV. 6 cones in a single row; area
VI. 5 cones in transverse row; areas VII-VIII.

10 cones in one row; jaws serrated with 8
teeth; notopodial ligulae present in anterior
parapodia and reduced towards posterior
region (Figs.2b-f); notochaetae homogomph
spinigers replaced by one falciger tridentate
from chaetiger 13 (Fig.2g). The only specimen
collected is complete, with 55 chaetigers and

11 mm long.

Remarks - According to Fauchald's
description, the anterior parapodia show a
bluntly thick inferior lobe and a distinct
superior lobe (=notopodial ligulae) is absent,
however the author did not illustrated
anterior parapodia, only one posterior
without mention to the chaetiger number,
that is similar to the posterior parapodia seen

Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.369-380, jul./set.2007

372

C.S.G.SANTOS

here (Fig.2f). De Leôn-González (1997) identified N
panamensis from México, with specimens presenting
a distinct notopodial ligulae (=Fauchald's inferior
lobe) in anterior parapodia, that decreases in length
toward posterior region where they have a bluntly
thick shape as illustrated by Fauchald for posterior
parapodia.

Although I have not seen any material-type of
N. panamensis I suspected that the Fauchald's
specimens have a notopodial ligulae in anterior
parapodia as pointed out by De Leôn-González
(1997) for material from México. It seems that
what Fauchald (1977) named inferior lobe,
described as bluntly and thick, and not
illustrated for anterior parapodia, is in fact the
notopodial ligulae shown by De Leôn-González
(1997).

The species has been also recorded in Cuba by
San Martin (1993). Nevertheless, considering the
parapodial morphology his material should have
been referred to N. panamensis with doubt.
According to San Martin's drawings, the anterior
parapodia present a very small projection in
position corresponding to notopodial ligulae,
median parapodia with notopodial ligulae
conspicuous, and posterior parapodia without
ligulae or any small projections (p.7, fig.2).
Nereis falçaria, similar species recorded to Rocas
Atoll, also have notopodial ligulae, however they
are less developed, besides dorsal cirri are
shorter and displaced subterminally from
anterior region.

Distribution - Western Atlantic: Gulf of México,
from Panama to Cuba.

Genus Neanthes Kinberg, 1866

Diagnosis - Four tentacular cirri; a pair of frontal
antennae; proboscis with conical paragnaths on
both rings; parapodia with noto and neuroaciculae
supporting noto- and neuropodia, respectively;
notopodial ligulae present; notopodia with
homogomph spinigers throughout; neuropodia
with homogomph spinigers, heterogomph
spinigers and falcigers.

Neanthes acuminata Ehlers, 1868

(Fig.3)

Neanthes acuminata, De Leôn-González, 1997:81,
figs.42a-b.

Nereis ( Neanthes ) caudata Delle Chiaje, 1841:96,

pl.102, figs. 10-15; Fauvel, 1923:347, figs.l35a-e;
Day, 1967:321; 1968:525, figs.1-5; Rullier &
Amoureux, 1979:167.

Neanthes caudata-, Imajima, 1972:105, figs.31a-l;
Núnez, 1990:444, figs.l43a-3; De Leôn-González,
1997:84, figs.44a-d; 45a-b.

Examined material - Rio Grande do Norte, Rocas
Atoll: IBUFRJ 614 - “Lama” Bay, 10/05/2000,
P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva and A.C.Aguiar coll., 52
specimens; IBUFRJ 615 - same locality, same date,
same collectors, 4 specimens. Specimens varied
from 20mm long and 27 chaetigers, incomplete, to
4,2mm long and 27 chaetigers, complete.

Diagnosis - Prostomium wider than long with 2
pairs of black well developed eyes on posterior half
of prostomium; longest tentacular cirri reaching
chaetigers 3-4; proboscis with conical paragnaths:
I. 17 oval group; II. 25 curved shape group; IIII.
32; IV. 30 ; V,VI,VII-VIII (Figs.3a-b). fused in a
continuous band of conical paragnaths, 3-4
irregular rows; notopodial dorsal and median
ligulae present; basal region of notopodial ligulae
slightly enlarged on posterior region (Figs.3c-g);
notopodial chaetae homogomph spinigers
throughout; neuropodial chaetae homogomph
spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in supra- and
subacicular bundles (Fig.3h).

Remarks - Neanthes caudata differs from Neanthes
operta Simpson, 1856, similar species, by the
presence of two notopodial ligulae and more
numerous paragnaths in areas I and II. Pettibone
(1963) grouped Neanthes caudata and Neanthes
arenaceodentata Moore, 1903 under Neanthes
arenaceodonta Moore, 1903. Day (1967) and Imajima
(1972) considered N. arenaceodentata and N.
arenaceodonta identical to N caudata, described
about 60 years before. N. arenaceodonta was
recorded for Brazilian coast, however the references
do not include descriptions and/or illustrations and
it is possible that this material could be in fact
Neanthes acuminata Ehlers, 1868. Neanthes caudata
and Neanthes acuminata are very similar species but
according to Weinberg et al. (1990) are differente
species based on genetic material and reproductive
biology. Neanthes caudata has 11 pairs of cromosom
and would be restricted to Atlantic and Neanthes
caudata 9 pairs and would be restricted to Pacific.
Meanwhile, the specimens from Brazilian coast will
be identified as N acuminata until more detailed
studies provide more definitive information.

Habitat - Intertidal region.

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NEREIDIDAE FROM ROCAS ATOLL (NORTH-EAST, BRAZIL)

373

Distribution - Circumtropical: North Atlantic,
Santander and Massachusetts to Florida;
Mediterrâneo; Califórnia Southeast, México;
Tasmania and New Zealand.

Genus Ceratocephale Malmgren, 1868

Diagnosis - Pair of frontal antennae displaced
nearby the basis of palps; proboscis with conical

papillae on oral; parapodia with noto and
neuroaciculae supporting noto- and neuropodia,
respectively; notopodial ligulae absent; dorsal cirri
with cirrophore, that might be expanded; double
ventral cirri; notopodia with supra aciculars
chaetae homogomph spinigers throughout and
subacicular sesquigomph spinigers; neuropodia
with homogomph and sesquigomph spinigers,
sesquigomph falcigers may be present.

Fig.3- Neanthes acuminata ehlers, 1868: (a) anterior end, dorsal view,
proboscis everted; (b) anterior end, ventral view, proboscis everted; (c)
parapodium 1, anterior view; (d) parapodium 5, posterior view; (e) parapodium
18, posterior view; (f) parapodium 41, posterior view; (g) parapodium 57,
posterior view; (h) neurochaeta heterogomph falcigers from parapodium
10. Scale bars: a-b=1.25mm, c-g=450|im, h=45pm.

Ceratocephale rocaensis Santos &
Lana, 2001
(Fig.4)

Ceratocephale rocaensis Santos &
Lana, 2001, figs. 19-25.

Examined material - Rio Grande do
Norte, Rocas Atoll: IBUFRJ 616 -
03°51’680” S - 33°49’604” W, 19m,
10/16/2000, P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva
and A.C.Aguiar coll., 1 specimen;
IBUFRJ 617 - 03°51’747” S -
33°49’497” W, 14m, same date,
same collectors, 1 specimen;
IBUFRJ 618 - 25 26 - 0 46, 1
specimen. Size varied from 6,8mm
long and 31 chaetigers, incomplete
to 2,8mm long, 24 chaetigers,
incomplete.

Diagnosis - Four tentacular cirri, the
longest reaching chaetiger 3; two
pairs of black eyes disposed on the
posterior half of prostomium (Fig.4a);
proboscis with papillae on the oral
ring and serrated amber jaws.
Notopodial ligulae absent (Figs.4b-
f). Double ventral cirri from
chaetiger 1 (Fig.4b), where the
ventral ramus have about 1/4 length.
Cirrophores expanded from
chaetigers 10-18 (Fig.4d). Dorsal
region smooth throughout.
Notochaetae supra-aciculars
homogomph spinigers and
subaciculars homogomph and
sesquigomph spinigers (Figs.4h).
Neurochaetae supra-aciculars
spinigers homogomph; neurochaetae
subaciculars homo- and sesquigomph
spinigers (Figs.4h-j) and falcigers
(Fig.4g). Falcigers appear only in the
three first chaetigers.

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C.S.G.SANTOS

Remarks - Ceratocephale rocaensis is only known
from Rocas Atoll. Within co-generic species, C. setosa
Hutchings & Reid, 1990, known only from Australia,
is the most similar concerning to parapodia
morphology and kind of chaetae. They differ on the
presence of bifid ventral cirri from chaetiger 3 and
neuropodial papillae in C. setosa.

Ceratocephale oculata Banse, 1977, reported from
several localities in the Atlantic Ocean and similar
to C. rocaensis, was reported in Northeastern coast
of Brazil by Santos & Lana (2001). The main feature

distinguishing C. oculata from C. rocaensis is the
absence of falcigers chaetae and presence of ridges
on dorsal region in the former.

Habitat - Intertidal pools, calcareous bottom.

Distribution - Only known from Rocas Atoll.

Genus Perinereis Kinberg, 1866

Diagnosis - Four tentacular cirri; a pair of frontal
antennae; proboscis with conical paragnaths o

Fig.4- Ceratocephale rocaensis: (a) anterior end, dorsal view; (b) parapodium 1, posterior view; (c) parapodium 5, posterior view; (d)
parapodium 10, posterior view; (e) parapodium 21, posterior view; (f) parapodium 15, posterior view; (g) neurochaeta sesquigomph
falciger, parapodium 3; (h-i) notochaetae sesquigomph spiniger from parapodium 3. Scale bars: a=100pm, b-f=450pm, j=45pm.

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NEREIDIDAE FROM ROCAS ATOLL (NORTH-EAST, BRAZIL)

375

maxillary ring and conical and bar-shaped
paragnaths on oral ring, parapodia with noto and
neuroaciculae supporting noto- and neuropodia,
respectively; notopodial ligulae present; notopodia
with homogomph spinigers throughout; neuropodia
with homogomph spinigers, heterogomph spinigers
and falcigers.

Perinereis floridana Ehlers, 1868

(Fig.5)

Perinereis floridana, Hartman, 1951:47; de Leôn-
González, 1997:200, figs.H7a-e, 118 a-b.

Examined material - Rio Grande do Norte, Rocas
Ato 11: IBUFRJ 619 “Lama” Bay, 10/17/2000, 1
specimen; IBUFRJ 620 - Near “ Farol” pools, under
rocks, 12/30/2000, F.Pitombo and R.Barroso
ColL, 11 specimens; IBUFRJ 621 - Near Farol,
under rocks, P.S.Young, P.C.Paiva and A.C.Aguiar
ColL, 3 specimens. Size varied from 74mm long
and 105 chaetigers in complete individuais to
35mm long and 74 chaetigers.

Diagnosis - Long postero-dorsal tentacular cirri
reaching chaetiger 4-5 (Figs.5a); one pair of
cirriform frontal antennae almost as long as
palps; small black eyes arranged in rectangle
(Fig.5a); proboscis with conical and bar-shaped
paragnaths; Area I. 4 in a row; areas II. 7-8 in
row; area III. 10 in oval arrangement; areas IV.
10; area V. 3; areas VI. bar-shaped paragnaths;
areas VII-VIII. 2 rows of conical paragnaths ±30.
Notopodial ligulae subigual to notopodial lobe
throughout.

Remarks - Species differs from P. anderssoni,
previously registered to Rocas Atoll (Santos,
1996), by the posterior parapodial ligulae shorter
and subigual to notopodial lobe, resembling those
of median segments, whereas Perinereis
anderssoni has posterior notopodial ligulae longer
than lobe, the length of tentacular cirri and the
small black eyes.

Distribution - Previous records are restricted to
Florida, México and Madeira Island (Portugal).

Genus Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1866

Diagnosis - Four tentacular cirri; a pair of frontal
antennae; proboscis with conical paragnaths on
maxillary ring, parapodia with noto and
neuroaciculae supporting noto- and neuropodia,
respectively; notopodial ligulae present; notopodia

with homogomph spinigers and sesquigomph
falcigers present on posterior parapodia;
neuropodia with homogomph spinigers,
heterogomph spinigers and falcigers.

Ceratonereis cf sinqularis Treadwell, 1929
(Fig. 6)

Ceratonereis singularis Treadwell, 1929:1, figs.l-
8; de Leon-González, 1997:52,55-57, figs.26-27.

Examined material - Rio Grande do Norte, Rocas
Atoll : IBUFRJ 622 “Barretão”, 10/19/2000,
calcareous algae, 5 specimens; IBUFRJ 623 -
3°57’148” S - 33°48’407” W; calcareous algae,
10/05/2000, 2 specimens; IBUFRJ 624 -
3°51’751” S - 33°49’066” W, 3 specimens; IBUFRJ
625 - 03°51’643 S - 33°47’679W, calcareous
algae, P.Young, P.Paiva and P.Aguiar coll., 15
specimens; “Rocas” pool, R8, calcareous algae,
10/07/2000, 1 specimen. Specimens varied from
17mm and 48 chaetigers to 6mm and 16
chaetigers, all incomplete.

Diagnosis - Prostomium orange to brown, body
with orange color segmentai bands on dorsum.
Longest tentacular cirri reaching chaetigers 13-
14. Prostomium anteriorly incised with antennae
and palps slightly longer than prostomial width
(Fig.6a). Antennae with foliaceous aspect and fine
tips (Fig.6a). Proboscis with paragnaths absent
on area I, II. 16, single group on area III. 10.
Presence of notopodial ligulae longer than lobe
on anterior chaetigers, reduced in posterior
parapodia to small papillae (Figs.6b-e),
sometimes difficult to visualize in small
specimens. Ventral cirri extending about to tips
of neuropodial ligule. Notochaetae sesquigomph
spinigers on anterior parapodia, replaced by
sesquigomph falcigers slightly concave in
posterior parapodia (Fig.6f). Neuropodial falcigers
unidentate (Fig.6g).

Remarks - According to Perkins (1980), six
species (C. japonica, C. excisa, C. longicirrata,
C. singularis, and C. tentaculata ) are very similar
and have been mixed. Characters of importance
in distinguishing atokous members of this
group are: body dimensions, development of
parapodial lobes along the body; shape and
possible number of falcigers; features of stiff
hairs on the blades of compound falcigers and
gross differences and number, arrangement and
size of paragnaths. As for C. singularis, the
diagnostic features are antennae shape, not

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376

C.S.G.SANTOS

seen in any other Ceratonereis, notopodial ligules
reduced to papillae in posterior parapodia and
blades of notopodial and neuropodial falcigers
unidentate.

Morphology of specimens from Rocas Atoll
corresponds to C. singularis description in a
general way, except for the presence of notopodial

falcigers slightly bidentate or concave.

Habitat - Found in hard bottoms: coral reefs and
carbonate rocks.

Distribution - Western Atlantic: from North
Carolina to Brazil (09°S), Pacific: México, Gulf of
Califórnia.

Fig.5- Perinereis cf. floridana : (a) anterior end, dorsal view; (b) parapodium 1, posterior view; (c) parapodium 5,
posterior view; (d) parapodium 15, posterior view; (e) parapodium 30, posterior view; (f) parapodium 100, posterior view.
Scale bars: a=lmm, b-f=450pm.

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NEREIDIDAE FROM ROCAS ATOLL (NORTH-EAST, BRAZIL)

377

Fig.6- Ceratonereis singularis: (a) anterior end; dorsal view; (b) parapodium 5, posterior view; (c) parapodium 10, posterior
view; (d) parapodium 15, posterior view; (e) parapodium 25?, posterior view; (f) notochaeta sesquigomph falciger bi-
dentate; (g) subacicular neurochaeta heterogomph falciger. Scale bars: a=1.25mm, b-e=450pm, f-g=45pm.

Ceratonereis lonqicirrata Perkins, 1980
(Fig.7)

Examined material - Rio Grande do Norte, Rocas
Ato 11: IBUFRJ 626 - “Rocas” Pool, 12/22/2000,
F.Pitombo and R.Barroso Coll., 2 specimens;
IBUFRJ 627- “Rocas” pool, 10/26/2000, 1
specimen; IBUFRJ 628 - “Barreta” chanel,
calcareous algae, 10/10/2000, 11 specimens, all
exemplars without tentacular and dorsal cirri.
Specimens size from 35 chaetigers and 7 mm long

to 41 chaetigers, 22mm long, all incomplete.

Diagnosis - Colorless in alcohol. Prostomium
anteriorly incised with antennae and palps as
longer as prostomial width (Fig.7a). Longest
anterior cirri reaching chaetiger 13, conspicuous
cirrophores; proboscis with paragnaths absent
on maxillary ring but was not possible to count
them. Presence of notopodial ligulae slightly
longer than lobe on anterior chaetigers, absent
in posterior parapodia disappearing by chaetiger

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C.S.G.SANTOS

29-30 (Figs.7b-d). Ventral cirri extending about
to tips of neuropodial ligulae in anterior
parapodia and three to four times longer than
neuropodial ligulae in posterior parapodia.
Notochaetae sesquigomph spinigers in anterior
parapodia are replaced by sesquigomph falcigers
bidentate in posterior parapodia (Fig.7e).
Neuropodial falcigers with distai tips distinctly
bidentate (Fig.6g).

Remarks - According to Hartmann-Schrõder (1985)
revision, C. longicirrata is the only species with
incised prostomium that have notopodial chaetae

bidentate and lack notopodial ligulae in posterior
parapodia. Besides diagnostic features, material
from Rocas Atoll is also similar to C. longicirrata on
the presence of dorsal cirri longer than segmentai
width, anterior dorsal cirri in the first chaetiger
slightly longer than notopodial ligulae.

Habitat - Usually found in coarse calcareous sand,
among rocks and algae.

Distribution - Western Atlantic: Florida, Gulf of
México, Bahamas, Puerto Rico and Barbados and
Rocas Atoll.

view; (d) parapodium 30, posterior view; (e) notochaeta sesquigomph falciger bi-dentate; (f) subacicular neurochaeta
heterogomph falciger bidentate.

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NEREIDIDAE FROM ROCAS ATOLL (NORTH-EAST, BRAZIL)

379

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author is thankful to Dr. Paulo Lana
(Universidade Federal do Paraná) for providing
laboratory facilities and to Paulo Paiva (Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro) for kindly providing the
material examined.

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Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, p.369-380, jul./set.2007

Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, v.65, n.3, jul./set.2007

ISSN 0365-4508

SUMÁRIO / CONTENTS

Artigos originais / Original articles

O Atol das Rocas, Brasil: análise preliminar da fauna de crustáceos e poliquetas.

The Rocas Atoll, Brazil: a preliminary survey of the Crustacea and Polychaeta fauna.
P.CPAIVA, P.S.YOUNG SC C.A.ECHEVERRÍA.

Cirripedia (Crustacea) do Atol das Rocas.

Cirripedia (Crustacea) from Rocas Atoll.

P.S.YOUNG.

Primeira ocorrência de Pachycheles riisei (Crustacea, Porcellanidae) no Atol das Rocas Brasil.

First occurrence of Pachycheles riisei (Stimpson, 1858) (Crustacea: Galatheoidea: Porcellanidae) in Rocas Atoll, Brazil
D.R.SILVA JUNIOR SC P.S.YOUNG.

Novos registros da família Majidae (Crustacea, Brachyura) para o Atol das Rocas, Brasil.
New records of the family Majidae (Crustacea, Brachyura) to the Rocas Atoll, Brazil.
C.R. TA VARES SC P.S.YOUNG.

241

251

259

263

Caridea (Crustacea, Decapoda: Disciadidae, Palaemonidae, Processidae, Rhynchocinetidae) de Atol das Rocas incluindo duas
novas espécies de Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1951.

Caridea (Crustacea, Decapoda: Disciadidae, Palaemonidae, Processidae, Rhynchocinetidae) from Rocas Atoll includingtwo new
species of Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1951.

I.A.CARDOSO SC P.S.YOUNG.277

Caranguejos ermitões (Crustacea, Anomura, Diogenidae) de Atol das Rocas, Brasil.

Hermit crabs (Crustacea, Anomura, Diogenidae) from Rocas Atoll, Brazil.

A.S.SOUZA SC C.S.SEREJO.

Isópodos terrestres (Crustacea, Oniscidea) do Atol das Rocas, nordeste do Brasil.
Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Rocas Atoll, northeastern Brazil.
P.B.ARAUJO SC S. TAITI .

Amphinomidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) do Atol das Rocas, nordeste do Brasil.
Amphinomidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Rocas Atoll, northeastern Brazil.

R.BARROSO SC P.C.PAIVA.

Sabellidae Latreille, 1825 (Annelida, Polychaeta) do Atol das Rocas, Brasil, com a descrição de uma nova espécie.
Sabellidae Latreille, 1825 (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Rocas Atoll, Brazil, with the description of a new species.
E.M.COSTA-PAI VA SC P.C.PAIVA.

339

347

357

363

Nereididae do Atol das Rocas (Nordeste, Brasil).
Nereididae from Rocas Atoll (north-east, Brazil).
C.S.G.SANTOS.

369

MUSEU NACIONAL
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