Association of plant hairs and insect resistance : an annotated bibliography

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ASSOCIATION OF PLANT HAIRS
AND INSECT RESISTANCE
An Annotated Bibliography

Miscellaneous Publication No. 1297

Agricultural Research Service
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
In cooperation with
Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station

CONTENTS

Page
Introductionts% <.aes. A kee 6 eo ere tem 1
Generalics 5. eb oe ee ee eae 4
A Beal cares 2) eae ae gee, Bote ek Gta oars a ae 4
Beans 0 eet een gee Re ae 4
Chestiiuts,. Agee a es oe ee ee of
COTMAPOS TRAE Fe lars ka ait: ag eae meee 7
Garena 5. 8 Satie "aa Reg aoe ee oh ach a RR Cg Vi
CGottomsacs os 4.05 ee el oe es ce ae ee: Ff
Cucurbitaceae’’- 2) 3. Aes ay ee ee 11
GapeSh 2c, eateeue ete ai cee eee cee 12
Teams, Ninn wines ea ee ee 2
CPEs ges ik ages et, es es eee eee 12
Passitlovaceade.cs wba eee eae ne ee ey
Rie Bos Vi een rs ee ee ee 12
Solanaceae Sica ks ea a. oat ae 13
Org Ulm cutee cas wile tee ete 15
SECA WDEGRIESO Lo mia sy Une cuore late ae 15
SUSALCANE BO. name ern eee 1
WV eat rch cacy tite dk Sle ernie aa Se 16

USDA policy does not permit discrimination because of age, race, color, national origin, sex, or
religion. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any USDA-related
activity should write immediately to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250

Washington, D. C. September 1975

Oe. ss.

ASSOCIATION OF PLANT HAIRS
AND INSECT RESISTANCE.
An Annotated Bibliography _

9
By James A. WEBSTER, research entomologist,
Cereal Leaf Beetle Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,
East Lansing, Mich.

INTRODUCTION

The primary known component of the resistance in wheat to the cereal
leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), is nonpreference for oviposition on plants
with pubescent leaf surfaces. Therefore, during studies of resistance caused by
pubescence, a bibliography was compiled of scientific publications reporting
on the relationship between hairs and insect resistance.

Some plant hairs confer this resistance by interfering with such insect ac-
tivities as feeding and oviposition; other plants have hairs or glandular tri-
chomes that secrete material that is either toxic to the insect or impedes its
mobility. Some plants, however, have hairs that make the plant susceptible
to insect activity, and other more glabrous plants are insect resistant. Because
each insect-host interaction is a unique relationship, it is difficult to general-
ize further about plant hairs and insect resistance. Insect reactions to pubes-
cent plants reported in the publications in this bibliography are summarized
below.

There are occasional discrepancies in the literature about plant hairs and
insect behavior. Thus, the summary may be used as a general guide, but
plant breeders and entomologists should make a thorough study of their in-
sect-host situation to avoid the possible release of a cultivar vulnerable to
another pest.

2 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 1297, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Resistance
mechanism or
Host plant and insect(s) Insect insect behavior
Alfalfa: reaction? affected
Empoasca fabae (Harris); potato leathopper. 40. oe ee eee R F ‘@?
Beans:
Aphis craccwora Koch. cowpea dpiiG ere ae eee eee R I
Aphis fabae Scopoly, bean aphidie 4.4 95 84.18. Ae ot Le oe ee R I
Empoascaijabae, potato leathapperc an eee R FO @r
Empoasca flavescens (F))stea-ercenm tlyo 4) eee ee Fee R EF Or
Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), lima bean pod borer.............. R? --
Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztov (= Grapholitha
glycinivorella Matsumura), soybean podborer’................ S O
hhnps tabaci Lindeman. onion. thripsari sane ace ee ee S P
Predaceous Syrphindae's : 4) Pee eR ee ey ee eae R I
Chestnuts:
Circuhovleohas (Gyllential)\ sae ie 2 oat eos ee ee tec ets aE
Compositae:
Melanoplus femurrubrum (De Geer), red-leggedgrasshopper.......... R F
Corn: -
Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, western corn rootworm.............. R F
Hehothts.zea:\(Boddie): icorniearwornmne.-t.001s9 6 ee ee S O
Cotton:
Anthonomus grandis Boheman, boll weevil................2...-- R O
Aphis gossypii Glover, cotton aphid, melonaphid................ Reis F
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), cotton whitefly* or sweetpotato whitefly S Pp
Earias fabia (Cramer), cotton spotted bollworm!................ S O
Earias insulana (Boisduval), cotton spotted bollworm!........:.... N
Heliothis zea: (DOW MOuiiss aaa Meas Se yee ae ed Ce a ee S O
Cicadellidae Jassidae)— Empoascaspp.; Amrascaspp.............. R EOP
Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), pink bollworm.............. N
Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), cotton fleahopper.............. S
Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval, cotton leafworm................. R Oy WF
Tetranychusspp, Spuader TMleS 272.5 ce ays alae ake Ae oe ane ee ee R °S F
Thrips tabaci, onion thrips........ caldy Sa ote UN
Trialeurodes abutilonea (aiden pe eawne Rohiteliy: piel paris S
Cucurbitaceae:
Bemisia tabaci, cotton whitefly* or sweetpotato whitefly ........ R?
Grapes:
Epitetranychus sp. reG SpiGen® 5265 2st ao i on een eae R?

1 Except where noted, common insect names are from Common Names of Insects
Approved by the Entomological Society of America, December 1970.

*, R= leaf hairs may cause insect resistance or partial resistance, or are a charac-
ter associated with resistance. S= insect susceptibility associated with plant pubes-
cence. N=no measurable differences. R?= probably resistant, literature not clear.

3 F=feeding. I= insects are immobilized by hairs or trichome exudates. O= ovi-
position. P= leaf hairs provide protection, resulting in insect susceptibility. T= repel-
lant or toxic material from trichomes. O?= probably oviposition, literature not
clear. Blank spaces indicate that the literature does not specifically state the resis-
tance or susceptibility mechanisms involved.

4Common name used in the publication(s) cited and not on the ESA List of Com-
mon Names (most of these names include only species that inhabit the United States,
Canada, or their possessions or territories).

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY—PLANT HAIRS AND INSECT RESISTANCE . 3

Resistance
mechanism or

Insect insect behavior
Host plant and insects)! reaction” affected?
Lupins:
Acyrthosiphon (= Macrosiphum) pisum (Harris), peaaphid.......... R
Oats:
Dominant, Partly eee, ee ees on oe een eee es a N O
Passifloraceae:
Heliconius erato (L.); Heliconius melpomene (L.),
helicanune buttecty larpaes... 2o.e.6e eens - tae sey. -ad aoe. I
Rice:
Chilo suppressalis (Walker), Asiatic rice borer................. =) 4 O
Solanaceae:
Bemisia tabaci, cotton whitefly4 or sweetpotato whitefly .............. R?
Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer), tobacco flea beetle............... R T
Aiclothis nrescens @ .); tabacco budworm .. . ..2 02 ss er 2 ek S27 R 2 Bleed i
Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), potato aphid................ R fi
Mauduca seria (52) Palsn6O DOTAWOEA iso vcoies x AED Prez paces sac R df
Myzus persicae (Sulzer), green peach aphid ...........-...-..-.- R a:
Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), carmine spider mite.......... R is,.©
Tetranychus urticae Koch, twospotted spider mite................ R goed
Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), greenhouse whitefly......... R I
Sorghum:
Atherigona varia soccata Rondani, sorghum shoot fly*............. R F
Strawberries:
Tetranychus urticae (Koch), twospotted spider mite.............. S FEF. QO
Sugarcane:
Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell), sugarcane whitefly * ) ny ae eee R
Melanaspis glomerata (Green), sup areane Retr Puerco ai ies cutee R
Scrrpophaga nella (¥.), tap-borer: .........22-22...-..0.0.0-- R F
Wheat:
Mayetiola destructor (Say), Hessian fly....................... 8 O
Oscinella frit, frit fly . Ray Cee | tee
Oulema melanopus (L. ), ae leaf Bede A A aces pine Bike Bi tis: Ey: £ R Oy #
Hylemya ( = Phorbia) genitalis Schnabl, spring fly*............... S =

In general, the bibliography includes publications that appeared after
Painter’s (1951) book. However, a few that appeared before 1951 and that
were not discussed by Painter are listed in this bibliography. In addition,
those publications listed only by title at the end of Painter’s book, are in-
cluded herein. Painter’s book is the second entry; it is categorized as “‘Gen-
eral.’’ Other publications are listed alphabetically under the plant in the study.

The annotations do not necessarily reflect the main point of the article cited
in the publication, but they do reflect the information about plant pubescence
contained in each. Reports concerning the genetics of plant pubescence were
not included unless both insect resistance and plant pubescence were dis-
cussed; however, many of the publications are concerned with the inheritance
of plant hairs.

4 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 1297, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Because plant pubescence is associated with resistance and susceptibility to
insects in at least 18 genera, the list will be of value to scientists working in
host-plant resistance and in teaching.

The references were compiled from the Review of Applied Entomology
(R.A.E.), Biological Abstracts, Plant Breeding Abstracts, recent journals, and
bibliographies of cited publications. Information from publications not in
English was obtained largely from the abstract journals mentioned.

Credit is due Eileen Rathke, former research associate, Entomology Depart-
ment, Michigan State University, for locating some of the publications cited
in this bibliography.

GENERAL

(1) Levin, D. A. 1973. THE ROLE OF TRICHOMES IN PLANT DEFENSE. Quart.
Rev. Biol. 48(1): 3-15.

Plant trichomes have been used for taxonomic purposes, but their adap-
tive significance has received little attention from the evolutionist and ecologist.
Trichomes play a role in plant defense. This publication contains over 100
references concerning topics ranging from the description and ontogeny of
trichomes to their role in plant defense of herbivorous invertebrates and ver-

tebrates.
(2) Painter, R. H. 1951. INSECT RESISTANCE IN CROP PLANTS. Macmillan, New
York. 520 pp. First paperback ed. 1968. The Univ. Press of Kansas,
Lawrenceand London. 520 pp.

Contains references to plant pubescence and insect behavior on:Alfalfa—
pp. 24, 33, 362; beans—pp. 61, 297-298, 442; clover—pp. 24, 33, 297-298;
corn—pp. 36, 219 (error on p. 36 of original edition: should read fewer
corn eggworm eggs on glabrous leaves than on corn with hairy leaves);
cotton—pp. 33, 86, 289-297, 305, 311; grapes—p. 38; and potatoes—pp.
218. 302. Sto:

ALFALFA

(3) Taytor, N. L. 1956. puBESCENCE INHERITANCE AND LEAFHOPPER RESISTANT
RELATIONSHIPS IN ALFALFA. Agron. J. 48: 78-81.

Pubescent plants of Medicago sp. were more resistant to infestations of
Empoasca fabae (Harris) than glabrous plants. Pubescence was inherited as
a quantitative character.

BEANS

(4) Broersma, D. B., Bernarp, R. L., and Luckmann, W. H. 1972. some
EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN PUBESCENCE ON POPULATIONS OF THE POTATO LEAFHOP-

PER. J. Econ. Ent. 65; 78-82.
The orientation of plant hairs was more important to the resistance of

Empoasca fabae than the number of hairs. Glabrous strains of Glycine max
(L.) Merrill were damaged by leafhoppers more than other strains.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY—PLANT HAIRS AND INSECT RESISTANCE 5

(5) DeFrurrer, H. J.. and Anxersmit, G. W. 1948. [DATA ON THE INFESTATION
OF BEAN BY “‘APHIS FABAE”][In Dutch, English summary.] Tijdschr. Plant-
tenziekten 54: 1-13.(R.A.E. 38: 93.)

Leaf hair density was greater on Phaseolus vulgaris L. growing in dry con-
ditions than in wet conditions, but there were no significant differences in
the mortality of the aphids in the two conditions. Cecidomyiid larvae and
young larvae of Coccinella septempunctata L. (natural enemies of aphids)
were also trapped on the hairs and died.

(6) Hsu Cuinc-Func, Kuo SHou-Kwe1, HAN Yu-MeEI, CHANG JuNG, and Li Me
Cuunc. 1965. [A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN
VARIETIES TO THE SOYBEAN POD BORER (‘LEGUMINIVORA GLYCINIVORELLA
(MATS.) OBRAZTSOV)] [In Chinese, English summary.]Acta Phytophy]l. Sin.
4: 111-118.(R.A.E. 54: 221.)

A large number of Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura) eggs were
laid on the pods of hairy varieties of Glycine max; on nonhairy varieties,

most eggs were deposited on the inner surface of the stipules.
(7) Jayaraj, S. 1968. sTUDIES ON THE PLANT CHARACTERS OF CASTOR ASSOCIATED
WITH RESISTANCE TO ‘““EMPOASCA FLAVESCENS (F.) (HOMOPTERA: JASSIDAE)
WITH REFERENCE TO SELECTION AND BREEDING OF VARIETIES. Indian J. Agr.

Sci. 38: 1-16.

Jassid infestation was positively correlated at a highly significant level
with plant characteristics of Ricinus communis L., one of them being the de-

gree of waxy coating on the leaves.
(8) Jounson, B. 1953. THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF THE HOOKED EPIDERMAL HAIRS
OF FRENCH BEANS (‘PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) ON APHIS CRACCIVORA™
KocH. Bul. Ent. Res. 44: 779-788.

Legs of the aphids became impaled on the hooked hairs. Mortality was

lower on varieties with less dense pubescence.
(9) Mitten, L. W. 1947. popuLaTioN OF “‘THRIPS TABACI”” LIND. ON BEAN VARI-
ETIES. J. Austral. Inst. Agr. Sci. 13: 141-142.

Hairy bean leaves were associated with susceptibility to the onion thrips,
Thrips tabaci Lindeman. The hairs may have produced a microclimate that
favored breeding and that protected the nymphs from attack by the larger
natural enemies.

(10) NisHymma, Y. 1954. ON THE BORING OF HATCHING LARVAE AND THE LOCA-

TION OF EGG DEPOSITION OF THE SOYBEAN POD BORER, *‘GRAPHOLITHA
GLYCINIVORELLA | MATSUMURA. Mem. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Univ. 2: 127-
ibe
Original paper and abstract not located. Reference cited by Nishijima
(1960).
(11) 1960. HOST PLANT PREFERENCE OF SOYBEAN POD BORER, ~GRAPHOLITHA

GLYCINIVORELLA’’ MATSUMURA, I. Oviposition site. Ent. Exp. Appl. 3: 38-47.

No significant differences occurred in microclimatic conditions (tempera-
ture and humidity) between hairy and glabrous fields of Glycine max. No
relative differences in light intensity near hairy and glabrous plants were
found.

6 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 1297, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

(12) and T. Kurosawa. 1953. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING VARIETAL DIF-
FERENCES OF SOYBEAN TO THE ATTACK BY THE SOYBEAN POD BORER,
*“GRAPHOLITHA GLYCINIVORELLA’ MATSUMURA. Res. Bul. Hokkaido Natl.

Agr. Exp. Sta. 65: 42-51.

Original paper and abstract not located. Reference cited by Nishijima

(1960).
(13) Oxapba, I. 1948. sruDIES ON THE SOYBEAN POD BORER, ‘‘GRAPHOLITHA
GLYCINIVORELLA’’ MATSUMURA. Kanchi Nogaku 2: 193-239.
Original paper and abstract not located. Reference cited by Nishijima

(1960).

(14) Piryucina, O. A. 1932. [‘‘ETIELLA ZINCKENELLA’’ (TREITSCHKE) IN THE LOWER
VOLGA TERRITORY.] [In Russian.] Tr. Vses. Inst. Zern. Khoz. (Saratov),

’

vol. 3 (From Chesnokov 1953, p. 13, complete reference listed under
Wheat. )
The structure and hair characters of the flower calyx in bean plants in-

fluenced oviposition behavior of the legume-pod moth, Etiella zinckenella
Ghae

(15) Scunerper, F. 1944. [ONE CAUSE OF THE RAPID MULTIPLICATION OF APHIDS ON
BEANS.| [In German.] Forschr. Egrebn. Gartenb., pt. 5 repr. (R.A.E. 35:
7g)

Syrphid larvae did not control Apfis fabae Scopoli on Phaseolus because
they usally were caught by the hooked leaf hairs and died.

(16) Ucuipa, T., and Oxapa, I. 1937. [ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE OVIPO-
SITION OF THE SOYBEAN POD BORER AND THE HAIRINESS OF THE SOYBEAN

poD.][In Japanese.] Oyo Dobutsugaku Zasshi 9: 100-104. (R.A.E. 25: 673.)

Observations in Manchuria showed that moths of Leguminivora glycint-
vorella preferred to oviposit on hairy pods and did not lay eggs on smooth
pods of Glycine max.

(17) WoLFENBARGER, D. A. 1961. RESISTANCE OF BEANS (‘“PHASEOLUS, GLYCINE
MAX, VIGNA SINENSIS, VICIA FABA, AND DOLICHOS LABLAB’’) TO THE MEX-
ICAN BEAN BEETLE AND THE POTATO LEAFHOPPER. (Ph.D. thesis, Ohio

State Univ.) Diss. Abstr. 22: 686.

A correlation coefficient of r=— 0.194 (not significant at the 5 percent
probability level) was found between the number of epidermal hairs and

nymphal populations of Empoasca fabae on Phaseolus vulgaris.
(18) and SLeesMAN, J. P. 1961. RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN LINES TO THE
POTATO LEAFHOPPER. J. Econ. Ent. 54: 846-849.

The type of leaf hair and not the number may have been the important
factor in Empoasca fabae resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris.
(19)

J. P. Steesman. 1963. VARIATION IN SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOYBEAN PU-
BESCENT TYPES, BROAD BEAN, AND RUNNER BEAN VARIETIES AND PLANT
INTRODUCTIONS TO POTATO LEAFHOPPER. J. Econ. Ent. 56: 895-897.

Factors other than type of leaf pubescence were, at least in part, respon-
sible for the resistance to hopperburn caused by Empoasca fabae.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY—PLANT HAIRS AND INSECT RESISTANCE

CHESTNUTS
(20) Popova, I. 1960. [CHESTNUTS RESISTANT TO ““CURCULIO ELEPHAS’” (GYL-
LENHAL).] [In Bulgarian.] Rastit. Zasht. 8: 69-71. (R.A.E. 50: 60.)

The infestation of this weevil was in inverse ratio to the density of the
spines on the pericarp of Castanea spp.

COMPOSITAE

(21) Jantz, O. K. FOOD PLANTS OF ““MELANOPLUS FEMURRUBRUM (DE GEER) IN
THE BLUESTEM GRASS REGION OF KANSAS. M.S. thesis. Kans. State Univ..

Kuhnia eupatorioides L., a very hairy plant, was avoided by the grass-
hopper, Melanoplus femurrubrum (De Geer), in feeding preference tests.

CORN

(22) CattAHAN, P. S. 1957. ovipOSITION RESPONSE OF THE CORN EARWORM TO
DIFFERENCES IN SURFACE TEXTURE. J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 30: 59-63.

Experiments with an apparatus designed to test the ability of a moth to
cling to a surface showed that villous surfaces are best suited to moths of

Heliothis zea (Boddie) for maintaining a foothold.

(23) Hacen, A. F., and F. N. Anperson. 1967. NUTRIENT IMBALANCE AND LEAF
PUBESCENCE IN CORN AS FACTORS INFLUENCING LEAF INJURY BY THE ADULT
WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM. J. Econ. Ent. 60: 1071-1073.

Zinc-deficient Kea mays L. had the least number of hairs per leaf and the
greatest amount of leaf injury. The close correlation between the amount of
leaf pubescence and amount of leaf injury indicated that pubescence may act
as a barrier to the feeding of the adults of Diabrotica virgifera LeConte.

COTTON

(24) Aput-Nasr, S. 1960. THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COT-
TON PLANTS TO INFESTATION WITH INSECT AND MITE PESTS. Bul. Soc. Ent.
Egypt 44: 143-156.

Two pubescent varieties of Gossypium were more susceptible to the cotton
aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, than standard cultivars. A pubescent line was
more resistant to attack by a Lepidopteran, Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval
(=Prodenia litura (F.) ), and the Tetranychus complex. There were no sig-
nificant differences in resistance to a Lepidopteran, Earias insulana (Boisdu-
val), the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), or the onion
thrips, Thrips tabaci.

(25) Barra, G. R., and Gupta, D. S. 1970. scREENING OF VARIETIES OF COT-
TON FOR RESISTANCE TO THE JASSID. Cotton Grow. Rev. 47: 285-291.

Hair length on the lamina and thickness of palisade cells were the most
important characters in resistance of Gossypium sp. to Amrasca devastans

(Distant).

591-467 O-75-2

8 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 1297, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

(26) Butter, G. D., Jr., and Muramote, H. 1967. BANDED-WING WHITEFLY
ABUNDANCE AND COTTON LEAF PUBESCENCE IN ARIZONA. J. Econ. Ent. 60:
1176-1177.

The relationship between greater abundance of Trialeurodes abutilonea
(Haldeman) and leaf pubescence held only for a ‘Dwarf A’, Gossypium

barbadense L., X ‘Lankart’, G. hirsutum L., genetic combination.
(27) Evans, D. E. 1965. JASSID POPULATIONS ON THREE HAIRY VARIETIES OF SAKEL
coTron. Emp. Cotton Grow. Rev. 42: 211-217.

Three hairy varieties of Gossypium barbadense were resistant to Empoasca
libyca (de Bergevin and Zanon) but not until late in the season. A white-
fly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), was more numerous on the hairy lines.

(28) Hunter, R. C., Lercu, T. F. Lincotn, C. and others. 1965. EVALUATION OF
COTTONS FOR RESISTANCE TO THE BOLL WEEVIL. Ark. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul.
700, 38 pp.

Significant advances were made in resistance of Gossypium hirsutum to
Anthonomus grandis Boheman with red plant color, increased pubescence,
rapid fruit set, and Frego bract characters, but supplemental controls were

needed for competitive levels of yield.
(29) Kamer, S. A. 1965. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF HAIRINESS AND RESISTANCE TO
COTTON LEAF WORM. Emp. Cotton Grow. Rev. 42: 41-48.

Resistance to Spodoptera littoralis was associated with leaf hair density on
both surfaces of Gossypium spp. leaves, especially on the lower surface.

(30) and ExkassaBy, F. Y. 1965. RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF COTTON VARI-
ETIES IN EGYPT TO SPIDER MITES, LEAFHOPPERS, AND APHIDS. J. Econ. Ent.
58: 209-212.

The hairy Gossyfium barbadense variety ‘Bahtim-101’ was found to be
highly resistant to spider mites, Tetranychus spp., jassids, and the cotton
aphid, Aphis gossypii. The literature is contradictory with respect to the re-
lationship between hairiness and resistance to cotton aphids.

(31) Knicut, R. L. 1952. THE GENETICS OF JASSID RESISTANCE IN COTTON. 1. THE
GENES H, AND Hy. J. Genet. 51: 47-66.

The cicadellid resistance of two perennial types of Gossypium barbadense
was caused by a basic, partially dominant, hairiness gene designated H,
that was accompanied by several minor hairiness genes. H,, a hair density
gene, was responsible for the dense tomentum of G. tomentosum Nuttal.

(32)

1954. THE GENETICS OF JASSID RESISTANCE IN COTTON. IV. TRANSFER-_

ee

ENCE OF HAIRINESS FROM “‘GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM™ TO “‘G. BARBADENSE.”’
Jo(Genet. 522°199-207-.

A major hairiness gene was transferred from Gossypium herbaceum L.,
(Wagad 8), to Sakel (G. barbadense), and the gene appeared identical with
H,, the usual key gene in hairiness control in New World cottons.

(33) 1955. THE GENETICS OF JASSID RESISTANCE IN COTTON. V. TRANSFER-

ee

ENCE OF HAIRINESS FROM “‘GOSSYPIUM ARBOREUM’ TO “‘G. BARBADENSE.”’
J. Genet. 53: 150-153.
A major hairiness gene was transferred from tetraploid G. arboreum L.
(Multani) to Sakel, and the gene appeared allelic to and closely similar to
H,.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY —PLANT HAIRS AND INSECT RESISTANCE 9
(34) and J. Sapp. 1954. THE GENETICS OF JASSID RESISTANCE IN COTTON. I.
‘PUBESCENT T 611.’ J. Genet. 51: 582-585.
The gene controlling hairiness in the Upland variety “Pubescent T 611’
was transferred to Sakel and shown to be identical with the G. tomentosum
gene’ H,,.

and J. Sapp. 1954. THE GENETICS OF JASSID RESISTANCE IN COTTON. III.

(35)

THE KAPAS PURAO, KAWANDA PUNCTATUM, AND_ PHILLIPPINES FERGUSON
Group. J. Genet. 52: 186-198.
Three types of genes in Gossypium were involved in the genetic control of

pubescence to give jassid resistance on the abaxial surface.

(36) LiukeFAHR, M. J., Cowan, C. B., Prrimmer, T. R. and Nosie, L. W. 1966.
RESISTANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL COTTON STRAIN 1514 TO THE BOLLWORM AND
COTTON FLEAHOPPER. J. Econ. Ent. 59: 393-395.

Resistance of a glabrous and nectary-free experimental Gossypium sp.
(strain 1514) to insect attack was evaluated. Lower populations of Heliothis
zea, and Pseudatomoscelis (= Psallus) sertatus (Reuter), were found on this
cotton than on commercial varieties.

(37) and Cowan, Jr., C. B., Barrora, L. A. and Houcutauine, J. E. 1968.

COTTON STRAINS RESISTANT TO THE COTTON FLEAHOPPER. J. Econ. Ent. 61:

661-664.
The glabrous character in strains of Gossypium hirsutum suppressed pop-
ulations of Pseudatomoscelis seriatus below economically damaging levels
and was as effective as some recommended insecticides.

Cowan, C. B. and Houcurauinc, J. E. 1970. FIELD EVALUATIONS OF
IMPROVED COTTON STRAINS RESISTANT TO THE COTTON FLEAHOPPER. is Econ.

Ent. 63: 1101-1103.
Pubescent strains of Gossypium hirsutum (homozygous for genes HjH 2)
had significantly more mirids (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) ) than
those with the normal complement of trichomes (homozygous for genes

Ebel

(38)

(39)

Houcurta.inc, J. E. and Grauam, H. M. 1971. suppression oF ‘‘HE-
LIOTHIS’» POPULATIONS WITH GLABROUS COTTON STRAINS. J. Econ. Ent. 64:

486-488.
Use of glabrous strains of Gossypium spp. with the resultant decrease in
Heliothis oviposition could delay the need for insecticides, and the strains
might permit other biological factors to be utilized more effectively.

(40) May, A. W. S. 1951. jassiD RESISTANCE OF THE COTTON PLANT. Queensland
J. Agr. Sci. 8: 43-68.

Resistant lines of Gossypium sp. had a dense cover of long stellate hairs
along the entire length of the midrib. Only plants with long, dense pubescence
over all of the midrib should be used in breeding programs for resistance to
Empoasca maculata Evans.

10 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 1297, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

(41) Meuta, R. C., and Saxena, K. N. 1970. oviposiTIONAL RESPONSES OF THE COT-

TON SPOTTED BOLLWORM, “‘EARIAS FABIA’ (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN
RELATION TO ITS ESTABLISHMENT ON VARIOUS PLANTS. Ent. Exp. Appl. 13:
10-20.

Among the plant parts tested, Abelmoschus esculentus Moench., fruit, and
Gossypium hirsutum leaves appeared the most suitable for oviposition by
Earias fabia (Cramer) because of their great hair density and the presence

of certain chemicals.
(42) Merkite, M. E., and Meyer, J. R. 1963. sruDIES OF RESISTANCE OF COTTON
STRAINS TO THE BOLL WEEVIL. J. Econ. Ent. 56: 860-862.

The Pilose-Okra leaf strain of Gossypium sp. (with single dominant genes
for pilose) had a low percentage of squares punctured under conditions of
low weevil population pressure; when infestations of Anthonomus grandis in-

creased on other plots, a rapid increase also occurred on these plants.
(43) Mounp, L. A. 1965. EFFECT OF LEAF HAIR ON COTTON WHITEFLY POPULATIONS

IN THE SUDAN GEZIRA. Emp. Cotton Grow. Rev. 42: 33-40.
Gossypium barbadense lines with hairy leaves provided shelter for adult
Bemisia tabaci. ‘These whiteflies left glabrous-leaved varieties more readily

than they left pubescent cultivars.
(44) MutrutrHamBy, S., Astam, M. and Kuan, M. A. 1969. INHERITANCE OF LEAF
HAIRINESS IN ““GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM’ L. COTTON AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH
JASSID RESISTANCE. Euphytica 18: 435-439.

Two pairs of genes appeared as part of the genetic control of pubescence

of leaves in the crosses of Gossypium hirsutum studied.
(45) Ortver, B. F., Maxwett, F. G. and Jenkins, J. N. 1970. A COMPARISON OF THE
DAMAGE DONE BY THE BOLLWORM TO GLANDED AND GLANDLESS COTTONS. J.

Econ. Ent. 63: 1328-1329.
In view of previous indications of reduced oviposition on Gossypium spp.
with glabrous leaves, it was suggested that the glandless version of a smooth-
leaved variety would be less susceptible to Heliothis zea than the more com-

monly grown hirsute glanded cottons.
(46) Potrarp, D. G., and Saunpers, J. H. 1956. RELATIONS OF SOME COTTON
PESTS TO JASSID RESISTANT SAKEL. Emp. Cotton Grow. Rev. 33: 197-202.

Jassid-resistant (hairy-leaved) lines of Gossypium barbadense were sus-
ceptible to Aphis gossypii, Bemisia tabaci, and Tetranychus sp. The impor-
tance of developing a jassid-resistant variety not more susceptible to other

insects was stressed.
(47) Sixka, S. M., Saunt, V. M. and Burani, D. K. 1966. srupDIEs ON Jas-
SID RESISTANCE IN RELATION TO HAIRINESS OF COTTON LEAVES. Euphytica

15: 383-388.
Of three characteristics of hairiness studied, length of hair appeared to be
of prime importance, followed by density of hair on the lamina. Pubescence
on the midrib did not seem an important role in imparting resistance of Gos-

sypium hirsutum to Amrasca devastans (Distant).
(48) SrepHens, S. G. 1957. souRCES OF RESISTANCE OF COTTON STRAINS TO THE BOLL
WEEVIL AND THEIR POSSIBLE UTILIZATION. J. Econ. Ent. 50: 415-418.

Red plant color, plant hairiness, and absence of stem glands in Gossypium
spp. were involved in resistance to Anthonomus grandis.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY—PLANT HAIRS AND INSECT RESISTANCE me 5 |

(49)

1959. LABORATORY STUDIES OF FEEDING AND OVIPOSITION PREFERENCES

OF “‘ANTHONOMUS GRANDIS’”’ BOH. J. Econ. Ent. 52: 390-396.
Hairiness of the flower buds of Gossypium discouraged feeding of Antho-

nomus grandis when an alternative choice of glabrous buds was available.
(50) and Lee, H. S. 1961. FURTHER STUDIES ON THE FEEDING AND OVIPOSI-
TION PREFERENCES OF THE BOLL WEEVIL (“‘ANTHONOMUS GRANDIS’). J. Econ.

Ent. 54: 1085-1090.

The boll weevil resistance associated with hairiness in Gossypium was sep-
aratedintotwo categories: 1. Mechanical resistance—the bracteoles of hairy
plants are “‘sealed’’ during the early stages of development, thus temporarily
protecting the enclosed flower buds from damage. 2. Presumed antibiotic ©
effects—larvae of Anthonomus grandis were found to develop less rapidly in
hairy than in nonhairy buds.

(51) Tipke, P. M., and Sane, P. V. 1962. jassiID RESISTANCE AND MORPHOLOGY
OF COTTON LEAF. Indian Cotton Grow. Rev. 16: 324-327.

Lamina thickness was the character that had the highest correlation with
jassid resistance of Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense. Other characters
which influenced resistance were angle of insertion of leaf hair, length of

hair, number of hairs per unit length of leaf veins, and hairs on the lamina.
(52) WANNAMAKER, W. K. 1957. THE EFFECT OF PLANT HAIRINESS OF COTTON STRAINS
ON BOLL WEEVIL ATTACK. J. Econ. Ent. 50: 418-423.

Differences in the positions and characteristics of plant hairs in Gossypium
spp. were discussed in relation to their possible importance in resistance to
Anthonomus grandis. Resistance may be conditioned by hair length, density,
and position.

(53) Wesstinc, W. H. 1958. RESISTANCE TO BOLL WEEVIL IN MIXED POPULATIONS OF
RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE COTTON PLANTS. J. Econ. Ent. 51: 502-506.

The reliability of resistance to attack by Anthonomus grandis, conferred by
the mutant gene, H 2, was tested under different environmental conditions. The
mutant Gossypium strain, Pilose, showed a significantly lower proportion of

egg-laying punctures throughout the investigation.
(54)

1958. GENOTYPIC REACTIONS TO BOLL WEEVIL ATTACK IN UPLAND COTTON.

J. Econ. Ent. 51: 508-512.

Mutant lines of Upland cotton carrying any two of four mutant genes, Hy,
H,, gl, and R,, were tested together with lines that have the same genetic
background but that differ by opposite alleles to the genes under test. All
mutant Gossypium lines tested showed varying degrees of resistance to at-
tack by Anthonomus grandis.

CUCURBITACEAE

(55) Er Kuipir, E. 1965. BroNoMICS ON THE COTTON WHITEFLY (‘‘BEMISIA TABACI””
GENN.) IN THE SUDAN, AND THE EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION ON POPULATION DEN-
SITY OF WHITEFLIES. Sudan Agr. 1: 8-22. (R.A.E. 57: 231.)
Hairy leaves cucurbits and Solanum melongena L. caused irregularities
of pupal margins of Bemisia tabaci and affected the number and distribu-
tion of the dorsal spines.

12 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 1297, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

GRAPES

(56) Printz, YA.I. 1937. [pests AND DISEASES OF GRAPES. ][In Russian.] Sel’. Khoz-
giz. (From Chesnokov 1953, p. 13. Complete reference listed under
Wheat.)

The extent of downiness on leaves of Vitis spp. influenced the degree of in-
festation by the red spider (Epitetranychus sp.).

LUPINS

(57) Wocerek, W., and Dunajska, L. 1964. [THE MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF
LUPIN VARIETIES RESISTANT AND NONRESISTANT TO THE PEA APHID ‘‘MACRO-
SIPHUM PIsuM.’’][In Polish.] Biul. Inst. Ochr. Rosl. 27: 1-15. (R.A.E. 54:

ld)
Length and density of leaf hairs of Lup:nus spp. were examined. There were
few hairs on the highly susceptible variety. The resistant lines had dense pu-
bescence, but it did not prevent access to the leaf surface by Acyrthosiphon

(= Macrosiphum) pisum (Harris).

OATS

(58) AnNperson, H. 1956. UNDERSOKNINGAR RORANDE VANLIGA FRITFLUGAN. ‘‘OS-
CINELLA FRIT (L.). Sver. Utsadesforen Tidskr. 66: 249-280. (From
Peregrine and Catling. 1967.)
Hirsute shoot bases in Avena were associated with the resistance of Oscinella
frit):
(59) PerecrRinE, W. T. H., and Catitinc, W. S. 1967. sTUDIES ON RESISTANCE IN
OATS TO THE FRIT FLY. Plant Pathol. 16: 170-175.

None of the forms of resistance to Oscinella frit (L.) in Avena found and
investigated in this study merited incorporation into a breeding program.

PASSIFLORACEAE

(60) Gitpert, L. E. 1971. BuTTERFLY-PLANT COEVOLUTION: HAS “‘PASSIFLORA ADEN-
OPODA’’ WON THE SELECTIONAL RACE WITH HELICONIINE BUTTERFLIES? Sci-

ence 172: 585-586.

Hooklike trichomes of Passiflora adenopoda D.C. (=acerifolia Cham. et
Schlecht.) provide a specific, absolute defense against butterfly larvae of
Heliconius erato (L.) and Heliconius melpomene (L.). See also Natl. Geog.
School Bul. No. 20., Feb. 14, 1972.

RICE

(61) PaTANAKAMJoRN, S., and PatHak, M. D. 1967. VARIETAL RESISTANCE OF RICE

‘

TO THE ASIATIC RICE BORER, °CHILO SUPPRESSALIS’ (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBI-
DAE), AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH VARIOUS PLANT CHARACTERS. Ann. Ent.

Soc. Amer. 60: 287-292.
In general, varieties of Oryza sativa L. less susceptible to infestation by
Chilo suppressalis (Walker) were those with hairy upper lamina, tight leaf-
sheath wrapping, small stem with a ridged surface, and thicker hypodermal

layers.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY—PLANT HAIRS AND INSECT RESISTANCE © 13

(62) PatHak, M. D., Anpres, F., Garaccac, N. and Raros, R. 1971. reEsist-
ANCE OF RICE VARIETIES TO STRIPED RICE BORERS. Int. Rice Res. Inst. (Los

Banos) Tech. Bul. 11. 69 pp.
The resistance of “TKM 6’ to Chilo suppressalis was not lowered when
hairs on the leaf blades of Oryza sativa L. were rubbed off with a wet cloth.
This suggested that for “TKM 6’, the pubescent lamina was not a major in-

fluence on ovipositional preference.
SOLANACEAE

(63) ABERNATHY, C. O., and Tuurston, R. 1969. PLANT AGE IN RELATION TO THE
RESISTANCE OF ‘“‘NICOTIANA’” TO THE GREEN PEACH APHID. J. Econ. Ent. 62:
1356-1359.

Because of the lack of toxicity of seedling and young plants, older JVicotana
plants should be used in screening tests for this type of resistance to the
green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Toxic exudates from certain tri-
chomes of these plants increased in amount as the plants matured.

(64) Aina, O. J., Ropricuez, J. G. and Knaver, D. E. 1972. CHARACTERIZING

. 29

RESISTANCE TO “‘TETRANYCHUS URTICAE’ KOCH IN TOMATO. J. Econ. Ent.

65: 641-643.
There was direct acaricidal action attributable to leaf hair exudate of Ly-

copersicon. This was verified by topical application of the exudate to mites.
(65) Er Kuipir, E. 1965. title AND COMMENTS UNDER CUCURBITACEAE.
(66) Gente, A. G., and Stoner, A. K. 1968. RESISTANCE IN ““LYCOPERSICON”’
AND ““SOLANUM’” SPECIES TO THE POTATO APHID. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 1152-
1154.

Solanum pennellii Correll and segregates of five accessions of Lycopersicon
peruvianum (L.) Mill. were resistant to Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)
in the greenhouse. The entanglement of the aphids in the glandular hairs pre-
vented colonization on S. pennelli:, but physiological incompatibility appeared
to be the reason that aphids failed to colonize the segregates of L. peruvian-
um, which have a sparse vesture of glandular hairs.

(67) 1968. RESISTANCE IN “LYCOPERSICON” SPP. TO THE TOBACCO FLEA BEE-
TLE. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 1347-1349.

Young leaves of Lycopersicon spp. were divested of exudate from glandular
hairs by washing with 75 percent ethanol. These leaves and unwashed senes-
cent leaves on older plants did not repel the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hir-
tipennis (Melsheimer).

(68) Gentite, A. G., Wess, R. E. and Sroner, A. K. 1969. ‘‘tycoperRsicon’”’
AND ““SOLANUM’ SPP. RESISTANT TO THE CARMINE AND THE TWO-SPOTTED
SPIDER MITE. J. Econ. Ent. 62: 834-836.

Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and Tetranychus urticae became en-
tangled in the sticky exudate of the glandular hairs of S. pennellii and L.
hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl. and L. hirsutum f. glabratum C. H. Mull.

(69)

1968. RESISTANCE IN ‘“‘LYCOPERSICON’’ AND “‘SOLANUM’” TO GREEN-
HOUSE WHITEFLIES. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 1355-1357.

The sticky exudate from glandular hairs of S. pennelliz and L. hirsutum
trapped adults of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood).

14 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 1297, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

(70) Grsson, R. W. 1971. GLANDULAR HAIRS PROVIDING RESISTANCE TO APHIDS
IN CERTAIN WILD POTATO SPECIES. Ann. Appl. Biol. 68: 113-119.

Glandular hairs occur abundantly on Solanum polyadenium Grenm., S.
taryjense Hawkes, and S. berthaultii Hawkes. The exudate impedes Myzus per-

stcae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae movement and the aphids starve to death.
(71) Greene, G. L., and Tuurston, R. 1971. oviposITIONAL PREFERENCE OF ‘‘HELI-
THIS VIRESCENS’ FOR NICOTIANA SPECIES. J. Econ. Ent. 64: 641-643.

In general, Nicotiana plants with an average of 250 or more eggs of He-
liothis virescens had leaves with many protruding trichomes, and they were
very villous.

(72) Jonnson, B. 1956. THE INFLUENCE ON APHIDS OF THE GLANDULAR HAIRS ON TO-
MATO PLANTS. Plant Pathol. 5: 130-132.

Aphis craccivora and Myzus persicae did not generally become established
on Lycopersicon because of some physiological incompatibility rather than
to the physical effect of the glandular hairs. Some other species of aphids

are capable of living on tomato plants.
(73) Parr, J. C., and Tuurston, R. 1968. roxicity oF “‘NICOTIANA’’ AND ‘‘PETU-
NIA’? SPECIES TO LARVAE OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM. J. Econ. Ent. 61:

1525-1531.

.

Forty-four species of Nicotzana and two species of Petunia were tested. Al-
though some of the toxicity may be caused by the alkaloids inside the leaf
which are ingested during feeding, much of the resistance to Manduca sexta
(L.) (=(Johannson) ) is believed caused by contact with alkaloids in the

trichome secretions.
(74) Reppy, G., THurston, R. and Donoucu, H. W. 1970. tTRICHOME EXUDATES AS
A MECHANISM FOR TRANSPORTING SOIL-APPLIED DISULFOTON TO LEAF SUR-

ee

FACES IN ‘NICOTIANA’ SPECIES. J. Econ. Ent. 63: 2005-2006.

Data suggested that systemic insecticides might be translocated by this
system to the surface of plants, thereby neutralizing the presumed harmless-

ness of soil treatments to predaceous insects.
(75) Stoner, A. K. 1970. SELECTING TOMATOES RESISTANT TO SPIDER MITES. J. Amer.
Soc. Hort. Sci. 95: 78-80.

Rapidly viewing plants of Lycopersicon spp. with the naked eye and saving
those with the greatest concentration of glandular hairs was as effective a
method of detecting those with resistance to Tetranychus cinnabarinus as ran-

domly counting glandular hairs with the aid of a microscope.
(76) Frank, J. A. and Gentire, A. G. 1968. THE RELATIONSHIP OF GLAN-
DULAR HAIRS ON TOMATOES TO SPIDER MITE RESISTANCE. Amer. Soc. Hort.

Sci. Proc. 93: 532-538.

The resistance of tomato varieties to Tetrancychus cinnabarinus, as mea-
sured by oviposition tests, was found to be associated with the number of
glandular hairs on the leaves of Lycopersicon spp.

(77) THurston, R. 1970. tToxiciry OF TRICHOME EXUDATES OF ‘NICOTIANA’ AND

ee 99

PETUNIA’ SPECIES TO TOBACCO HORNWORM LARVAE. J. Econ. Ent. 63:
272-274.
Removing the trichome exudates of JVicotiana by various washing methods
reduced the toxicity of tobacco leaves to larvae of Manduca sexta.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY—PLANT HAIRS AND INSECT RESISTANCE | 15

(78)

Smituy, W. T. and Cooper, B. P. 1966. ALKALOID SECRETION OF TRI-
CHOMES OF “‘NICOTIANA’’ SPECIES AND RESISTANCE TO APHIDS. Ent. Exp.
Appl. 9: 428-432.

Nicotine, anabasine, and probably nornicotine were identified in the tri-
chome secretions of various Nicotiana spp.

(79) Parr, J. C. and Smitn, W. T. 1966. THE PHYLOGENY OF “‘NICOTIANA’
AND RESISTANCE TO INSECTS. Fourth Int. Tobacco Sci. Congr. Proc., The
Natl. Tobacco Board of Greece, Athens, pp. 424-430.

Adults and nymphs of Myzus persicae were killed by contact with such al-
kaloids as nicotine and anabasine, which are secreted by certain plant tri-
chomes of Nicotiana. Small larvae of Manduca sexta were also killed by top-
ical applications of these secretions.

(80) __ ss and Wesster, J. A. 1962. toxicity oF ““NICOTIANA GOSSEI’’ DOMIN TO
‘“MYZUS PERSICAE”’ (SULZER). Ent. Exp. Appl. 5: 233-238.

’

Materials exuded from the leaf hairs of Vicotiana spp. were toxic to Myzus
persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). The
symptoms of such poisoning resemble those of nicotine poisoning.

SORGHUM

(81) Brum, A. 1968. ANATOMICAL PHENOMENA IN SEEDLINGS OF SORGHUM VARI-

’

ETIES RESISTANT TO SORGHUM SHOOT FLY (‘‘ATHERIGONA VARIA SOCCATA’).

Crop Sci. 8: 388-390.
The resistant cultivars of Sorghum possessed a much greater density of sil-
ica bodies (dumbbell-shaped, intercostal, and silicified prickle hairs) in the
abaxial epidermis at the base of the first, second, and third leaf sheaths.

STRAWBERRIES

(82) KisuaBa, A. N., Voto, V. Howranpn, A. F. and others. 1972. twospotrepD
SPIDER MITE RESISTANCE IN CALIFORNIA STRAWBERRIES. J. Econ. Ent. 65:
117-119.

Highly susceptible clones of Fragaria spp. appeared to be more pubescent
than those that were less susceptible to Tetranychus urticae.

SUGARCANE

(83) AcarwaL, R. A. 1969. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGARCANE
AND INSECT RESISTANCE. Ent. Exp. Appl. 12: 767-776.

Clones of Saccharum sp. with a low number of stomata and spines on their
leaves and a small number of stomata on the stalks were susceptible to the
whitefly (Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell) ) and the scale insect (Melanaspis
glomerata (Green) ).

(84) Verma, S. C., and Maruur, P. S. 1950. THE EPIDERMAL CHARACTERS OF
SUGARCANE LEAF IN RELATION TO INSECT PESTS. Indian J. Agr. Sci. 20:

387-389.
Varieties of Saccharum sp. with high spine density along the lower surface
of the leaf midribs were less susceptible to attack by larvae of Scirpophaga
nivella (F.) than varieties with less spine density.

16 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 1297, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

WHEAT

(85) Cuesnokov, P. G. 1934. [FRIT FLY RESISTANCE IN WHEAT], IN VAVILOV, N. I.
[SELECTED WRITINGS OF N. I. VAVILOV. THE ORIGIN, VARIATION, IMMUNITY
AND BREEDING OF CULTIVATED PLANTS.] (Translated from Russian by C.
K. Starr.) Chronica Botanica 13: 149.

Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.), distinguished by the high degree of hairiness
of its leaves and leaf sheaths, was highly resistant to Oscinella frit in heavy
fly infestations in the Maikopsk Region of North Caucasus.

(86) _____. 1953. [METHODS OF INVESTIGATING PLANT RESISTANCE TO PESTS.] (Trans-
lated from Russian.) Published for the Natl. Sci. Found., Washington,
D.C. by the Israel Program for Sci. Translations, Jerusalem, p. 13.

Varieties of 7riticum with a smooth, hairless leaf-blade surface are unfa-
vorable for oviposition by Mayetiola destructor (Say).

(87) Garruon, (R:4% Rowgerts, J...) Fowney, R. E. and Parrersone F) Lag d97e:
LEAF PUBESCENCE OF FIELD GROWN WHEAT: A DETERRENT TO OVIPOSITION BY
THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE. J. Environ. Qual. 2: 333-334.

Leaf pubescence, a deterrent to oviposition by Oulema melanopus (L.), is
being bred into wheats in an attempt to replace insecticides as a means of
controlling damage by this insect. On the basis of number of eggs per 30.5
meters of drill row, each of three pubescent Purdue lines reduced the number
of eggs laid and the number of damaged leaves at least 94 percent compared
with a less pubescent cultivar, ‘Arthur’.

(88)

Ruppet, R. and Everson, E. H. 1966. RESISTANCE OF SMALL GRAINS TO
THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE. J. Econ. Ent. 59: 827-829.

Wheats with highly pubescent leaves were largely avoided for oviposition.
A 14-chromosome wheat, Triticum persicum fuliginosum Vavilov, with high-
ly pubescent leaves, had great resistance to Oulema melanopus (L.).

(89) Miter, B. S., Ropinson, R. J., Jonnson, J. A. and others. 1960. srupiEs oN
THE RELATION BETWEEN SILICA IN WHEAT PLANTS AND RESISTANCE TO _ HES-
SIAN FLY ATTACK. J. Econ. Ent. 53: 995-999.
Certain varieties of Triticum had silicified hairs on the surface of the
sheath, and most of these varieties were susceptible to attack by Mayetiola
destructor.

(90) RinctunpD, K. 1970. Types OF RESISTANCE TO INSECTS IN SMALL GRAINS. Eu-
rope. Mediterranean Plant Protect. Organ. Pub. Ser. A54: 37-43. See

Ringlund and Everson, 1968.
(91)

and Everson, E. H. 1968. LEAF PUBESCENCE IN COMMON WHEAT, ~ TRIT-

%°

ICUM AESTIVUM L., AND RESISTANCE TO THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE, ““OULEMA

MELANOPUS’’ (L.). Crop Sci. 8: 705-710.
Leaf surface pubescence in Triticum aestivum L., was quantitatively inher-
ited; the gene action estimated on the square root scale was mainly additive.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY—PLANT HAIRS AND INSECT RESISTANCE 17

(92) SakHarov, N. L. 1923. [NATURE OF RESISTANCE OF SOME FORMS OF WHEAT IN
RELATION TO ATTACK BY THE SPRING FLY ( ‘ADIA GENITALIS’” SCHNABL.). |
[In Russian.] Zh. Opyt. Agron. Yugovost. 2 (1). Jn Vavilov, N. I. [Se-
lected Writings of N. I. Vavilov. The Origin, Variation, Immunity and
Breeding of Cultivated Plants.] (Translated from Russian by C. K. Starr.)
Chronica Botanica 13: 149.

Hairiness of wheat (Triticum sp.) leaves favored the attack of the spring
fly, Hylemya ( = Phorbia) genitalis Schnabl.

(93) ScuittincerR, J. A. 1966. LARVAL GROWTH AS A METHOD OF SCREENING “‘TRIT-
ICUM’”’ SP. FOR RESISTANCE TO THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE. J. Econ. Ent. 59:

1163-1166.
All highly resistant accessions of Triticum dicoccum Schrank were pubes-
cent, but this pubescence varied in density and size of hairs. Pubescent leaf
surface, per se, was not the sole factor in resistance to Oulema melanopus;

very susceptible pubescent accessions of Triticum dicoccum also were found.
(94)

1969. THREE LABORATORY TECHNIQUES FOR SCREENING SMALL GRAINS

FOR RESISTANCE TO THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE. J. Econ. Ent. 62: 360-363.

Larval survival of Oulema melanopus on resistant Triticum lines after 3

days was significantly reduced, and larval weights were significantly lower

on very resistant wheat. Seedlings of the pubescent wheat line, CI 8519, were
least preferred for oviposition.

(95) and Gatitun, R. L. 1968. LEAF PUBESCENCE OF WHEAT AS A DETERRENT
TO THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE, “OULEMA MELANOPUS. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.
61: 900-903.

Densely pubescent wheat (7riticum sp.) was almost entirely avoided for
oviposition by Oulema melanopus. The number of eggs laid on plants was

significantly less for each increase in level of pubescence.
($6) Sx, 1D: Hi... Jr., ININAN, TS RAtHKE. E. and Cress,-C: E. 1971. werent
GAIN OF CEREAL LEAF BEETLE LARVAE ON NORMAL AND INDUCED LEAF PUBES-

CENCE. Crop Sci. 11: 639-641.
Triticum aestivum L. germinated and grown in closed petri dishes had
leaves with more pubescence than wheat grown under natural conditions.
Larval weight gain of Oulema melanopus was significantly lower on these

plants compared with the control plants.

(97) Vavitov, N. I. 1951. RESISTANCE IN WHEAT TO ‘“‘LEMA MELANOPA’’. In
Vavilov, N. I. Selected Writings of N. I. Vavilov. The Origin, Variation,
Immunity and Breeding of Cultivated Plants. (Translated from Russian
by C. K. Starr.) Chronica Botanica 13: 147.

Hairy lines of Triticum were attacked less by Oulema melanopus than

smooth-leaved forms according to V. A. Megalov.
(98) Wesster, J. A., and Smitu, Jr., D. H. 1971. SEEDLINGS USED TO EVALUATE RE-
SISTANCE TO THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE. J. Econ. Ent. 64: 925-928.

Small grain seedlings were tested in the laboratory for resistance to Oulema
melanopus by exposing plants to prediapause adults. Very pubescent wheat
lines had little seedling mortality; less pubescent Triticum lines and smooth-
leaved Avena and Hordeum lines were damaged extensively.

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(99)

SmiTH, Jr., D. H., and Lee, C. 1972. REDUCTION IN YIELD OF SPRING
WHEAT CAUSED BY CEREAL LEAF BEETLES. J. Econ. Ent. 65: 832-835.

Yield loss (percentage basis) caused by Oulema melanopus indicated the
superiority of pubescent 7riticum lines for resistance to this insect.

(100) Gace, S. H. and Situ, Jr., D. H. 1973. SUPPRESSION OF THE CEREAL
LEAF BEETLE WITH RESISTANT WHEAT. Environ. Ent. 2: 1089-1091.

Oulema melanopus egg input and summer adult emergence per unit area
were considerably lower in field plots of Triticum aestivum with densely pu-
bescent leaf surfaces, than in plots where 7. aestivum plants had much less

leaf surface pubescence.
(101) Wentso, S. G. 1973. CEREAL LEAF BEETLE LARVAL FEEDING, ORIENTATION, DE-
VELOPMENT, AND SURVIVAL ON FOUR SMALL GRAIN CULTIVARS IN THE LAB-

oRATORY. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 66: 1201-1208.

Survival of Oulema melanopus from first-instar larva to the adult stage
was considerably lower on CI 8519 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), than on
‘Genesee’ wheat (JT. aestivum), ‘Clintland 64’ oats (Avena sativa L.), or
‘Hudson’ barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Emend. Lam.). The length and den-
sity of trichomes of CI 8519 were much greater than those of the other
three hosts. Larval survival appeared to be related to physical factors rather
than nutritional deficiencies.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975 O - 591-467