SECOND EDITION
THE
Health R(\s()rts of Kiirop(
A GUIDE TO THE
MINERAL SPRINGS, CLIMATES, MOUNTAIN AND
SEA SIDE STATIONS GF EUROPE.
iiV
OMAS LINN, M.D.
rtitei*. 2/6
THE
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
A MEDICAL GUIDE TO THE MINERAL SPRINGS, CLIMATIC, MOUNTAIN,
AND SEASIDE HEALTH RESORTS, MILK, WHEY, GRAPE, EARTH, MUd',
SAND, AND AIR CURES OF EUROPE.
THOMAS LINN, M.D.
Doctor of Medicine, Faculty of Paris; Doctor of Medicine and Surgery
Umverszty of New York; Member of the British Medical Association; Member
f t'.f'^^'T^''^ "^^Slo- American Medical Society; Membre de la Societi
de Medzcme Pratique de Paris; Membre de la Socim de Medicine et Clima-
tologie de Nrce; Physician to the Bathing Establishments at Aix-les-Bains
and Marhoz. In Winter at No. i6, Quai Massena, Nice, France.
SECOND EDITION.
London :
HENRY KIMPTON,
82, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
HIRSCHFELD BROS.
22 AND 24, Bream's Buildings,
FETTER LANE, E.G.
Bristol: JOHN WRIGHT & CO.
1894.
aCOME iWSTTTUTE
LIBRARY
Coll. N^elMOmec
Call
No.
U75 K
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Errata
Preface to Second Edition
Author's Preface
Abbreviations, and Foreign Weights, Thermometer
AND Money Tables
Introductory Hints and Advice i
Therapeutical Index and Dictionary . . . -23
Description of Health Resorts and Cities, by Coun-
tries 43
Classification of Waters 45
Appendix . . .» • 317
Pharmaceutical Directory . . . . . . 326
Alphabetical Index . . 329
ERRATA.
P. 24 After Alopecia, add — All sulphur waters.
P. 29 Under Constipation, add — Hunyadi Janos
and Villacabras.
P. 51 Add — Dr. Rosenthal (speaks English).
P. 108 The rail is now open to Brides via MouHers,
only three miles off.
P. 144 La Bourboule, there is also a very important
cold spring here called the " Source Cle-
men ce.''
P. 174 Arcachon, add — Hotel Continental, on the
beach.
P. 210 Friedrichshall is a saline-aperienc.
P. 228 Add to Physicians — Dr. Fressel.
P. 273 Bordighera, add — Hotel Angst, first class, .
best hotel in the place.
P. 295 Add — Dr. de la Harpe (speaks English).
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.
The flattering reception of this book in-
duces the author to strictly revise it, and to
add everything of importance suggested by
competent authorities on the subject. In-
formation having been asked in regard to
the smaller stations, a number of them have
been added, with some of the more impor-
tant hydropathic establishments that give
cold water cures. In this age of neuras-
thenia and chronic nervous affections, treat-
ment by water is of vast importance. A
priest in Bavaria, Sebastian Kneipp, has
lately drawn some attention to his water
cure, and while his methods are of the
crudest they meet with the success that
hydrotherapy always does. He has two new
ideas — one is to dress after taking a bath
Preface to Second Edition.
without wiping the skin, or else to get into
bed so, and the second is to walk barefooted
in wet grass, or even snow. He also recom-
mends people to wear a coarse linen stuff for
underwear, in contradistinction to Jaeger,
who advises wool. The rest of the treat-
ment consists of some common herbs given
internally.
This simple form of water treatment was
practised by Priessnitz in 1830, and it is
certainly not needed, we hope, to enter into
a long discussion to show that these ideas
and treatments cannot compare to modern
scientific hydrotherapy. Empiricism will
always exist, and some odd or quaint idea
will often take the eye of the general public,
but sensible thinking people hardly need to
be reminded that regularly educated physi-
cians practise this speciality all over Europe,
and have splendid bathing houses fitted with
every possible apparatus, where not only
water can be had, but where it is applied
under proper medical direction, and with
sufficient pressure to accomplish good results.
A map of Europe has been put into the
Preface to Second Edition.
cover for handy reference, on which the
seaside places are underlined in bhce, the
other stations in black.
The London Physicians' Directory is not
published in this edition, as we found that it
was impossible to give satisfaction, owing to
the large number of doctors in the great
city, and that besides it was easy, once in
London, for our readers to consult the city
or even the medical directories. Abroad,
however, it is yery different, as there are no
directories in most of the places, and those
published in the large cities are not in
English, so that it is difficult to get correct
information. Having been much praised
for this useful feature, we shall continue to
give under each resort as full a selection as
possible of the names of local practitioners
who are English or American, or who speak
our language, as well as the specialists.
Corrections will be made yearly.
Thomas Linn, M.D.
AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
The treatment of acute disease has been
much improved in our time. But neither
the materia medica nor the newer surgical
operations have much value in the relief or
cure of those constitutional states called
chronic maladies ; and for these some of the
best forms of treatment are found in mineral
waters, climatic resorts, sea-baths, and other
hygienic therapeutical agents. It is quite
possible that other waters are equal in
medicinal value to those that are so much
used in Europe, but it is certain that no
other health resorts have reached the point
of perfection that those abroad have. This
is partly owing to the large experience
gained by physicians who devote themselves
to a life at these springs, and also to the
fact that enterprising companies have built
Authors Preface.
magnificent establishments there. Ofter it
is the effect of climate, or the method
of applying the waters, rather than their
intrinsic value, that makes a cure. The
years of accumulated evidence and ex-
perience, and the thousands of accurate
medical observations that have been made of
the effects of mineral waters and climate,
will readily account for the preference given
to the old European baths, springs, and
mountain and seaside resorts.
We have endeavoured to make this
Medical Guide to Europe as concise as
possible ; finding that nowadays people will
not read long treatises and writing for the
general public, as well as for physicians, we
have explained the technical terms used, so
that they may be easily understood by all.
The usual guides are written by non-
professional people, and while they give
some correct information they contain errors
that make them useless from a medical point
of view. Others give long lists of insignificant
places that are unfrequented by Anglo-
American people, and that do not have the
Atlthors Preface
comforts and conveniences expected by
English-speaking visitors.
We purpose, therefore, to describe very
briefly, but give all the 7tecessary information
to the important medical stations in Europe,
but not to pad the book with little kn(-WQ
places. All the resorts are written up from
a medical point of view, and special attention
is paid to the sanitation of each station and
to its general hygiene, as well as to the cure
of disease by climate and mineral waters.
We have availed ourselves of the latest
monographs and works on the question, as
far as the medical portions are concerned.
Local physicians have been asked to examine
the accounts given of their stations ; and
when we add that we have personally visited
and studied very many of the stations in
Europe, besides having for a long time sent
patients to be treated at many of them and
observed the results, we trust that this will
be taken as a guarantee of the correctness of
the information given in the text.
No analyses are given of the various
waters, as those made have considerable
Author s Preface,
discrepancies ; and it is more than probable
that the mineral constitution of the springs
varies from time to time. Still more : the
indications for treatment that are derived
from the chemical composition of mineral
waters are not the most important ones. An
analysis, be it ever so correct, is seldom of
much use to the patient, and it often conveys
only the vague idea that should he drink such
waters he would absorb a great number of
complex chemical substances.
Much care has been given to the prepara-
tion of a list of all the English and American
physicians and specialists who reside and
practise in Europe. The shortest and best
routes from London and Paris to the various
localities named are given, with the distance
and the first-class fares. Good hotels are
recommended in each place.
This guide is strictly independent ; no
address given is paid for. Yearly new
editions will be published and all changes
noted.
This manual was written because no one
book gave us the information we needed.
Atlthors Preface.
We hope it will be useful, both to the
public and to those of our professional
brethren who may not have had the oppor-
tunity of frequenting the European resorts
and making personal observations there ;
and that it will increase the use and the
appreciation of the means of healing that
nature has so abundantly supplied.
Thomas Linn, M.D.
Nice and Aix-les- Bains y France.
ABBREVIATIONS USED.
TABLES OF FOREIGN MONIES.
THERMOMETER AND WEIGHTS.
P.L.M. — Paris, Lyons and Mediterranean Rail-
road.* Station, Gare de Lyon.
S.F.R.R.— South of France Railroad. Station,
Gare d'Orleans.
N.F. — North of France Railroad. Station, Gare
du Nord.
E.F.— East of France R.R.W. Station, Gare
de Strasbourg.
W.F.— West of France. Station, Gare St. La^are.
Lat. — Latitude.
Long. — Longitude.
Alt.— Altitude.
Pop. — Population.
S.G. — Specific Gravity.
* Paris R.R. Stations are called Gare de
Tables of Foreign Monies,
MONEY TABLE.
Approximate Equivalents.
American
Money.
English Money.
French*
Money.
German
Money.
Austrian
Money.
Doll.
cts.
L.
s.
Fr.
Cent.
M.
^/^
Fl.
—
I
—
h
—
5
—
4
2
22
It
125
10
5
5
2i
25
20
10
10
5
50
40
20
6i
62I
50
25
20
9f
I
80
40
25
25
50
50
2
2
50
2
75
3
3
75
3
50
I
4
5
4
2
I
25
5
25
5
2
50
I
50
6
7
50
6
3
I
75
7
8
75
7
3
50
2
8
10
8
4
2
25
9
II
25
9
4
50
2
50
10
12
50
10
5
3
12
15
12
6
4
16
20
16
8
5
I
25
20
10
25
5
125
100
50
125
25
625
500
250
* Frengh, Italian ar>'' "^wiss money are the same,
Ther7nometer and Weights,
CENTIGRADE THERMOMETRIC SCALE '
TURNED INTO FAHRENHEIT.
C. F.
c.
F.
C.
F.
C.
F.
C.
F.
c.
F.
lOO 2I2.0*
80
176.0
60
140.0
40
104.0
20
68.0
0
32. ot
99 2I0.2
79
174.2
59
138.2
39
102.2
19
66.2
— I
30.2
98 208.4
78
172.4
58
136.4
38
100.4
18
64.4
— 2
28.4
97 206.6
77
170.6
168.8
57
134.6
37
98.61
17
62.6
— 3
26.6
96 204.8
76
56
132.8
36
95.8
16
60.8
- 4
24.8
95 203.0
75
167.0
55
131. 0
35
95.0
15
59.0
— 5
23.0
94 201.2
74
165.2
54
129.2
93-2
14
57.2
— 6
21.2
93 199-4
73
163.4
53
127.4
33
91.4
13
55-4
— 7
19.4
92 197.6
72
161. 6
52
125.6
32
89.6
12
53-6
~ 8
17.6
91 195.8
71
159.8
51
123.8
31
87.8
I I
51-8
— 9
15.8
90 194.0
70
158.0
50
122.0
30
86.0
10
50.0
— 10
14.0
89 192.2
69
156.2
49
120. 2
29
04.2
9
40.2
— 1 1
12.2
88 190.4
68
154-4
48
I18.4
28
82.4
8
46.4
—12
10.4
87 188.6
67
152.6
47
116.6
27
80.6
' 7
44.6
-13
8.6
86 186.8
66
150.8
46
II4.8
26
78.8
6
42.8
— 14
6.8
85 185.0
65
149.0
45
I13.O
25
77.0
5
41.0
—15
5-0
84 183.2
64
147.2
44
III. 2
24
75.2
4
39-2
—16
3-2
83 181. 4
63
145-4
43
ioq.4
23
73-4
3
37-4
— 17
1-4
82 179.6
62
143.6
42
107.6
22
71.6
2
35-6
— 18
- 0.4
81 177.8
61
141. 8
41
105.8
21
69.8
33.8
— 19
— 2.2
The centigrade thermometer is used all over Europe. * 100 C.
is 212 Fah., boiling point. + o C. is 32.0 Fah., freezing point.
J 37 C. is 98.6 Fah., man's normal temperature.
TABLE OF FOREIGN WEIGHTS AND
MEASURES REDUCED INTO ENGLISH.
lbs. ozs.
15
17 loi
19 13^
22 o^
no 4
220 7
One Metre = 39.37.079 English Inches, or about i Yard and
3-I Inches.
One Kilometre = ij093-| Yards = nearly f of a Mile.
One Litre = 0.2,200,968 Imperial Gallon, or nearly | Pint
The " Kilo" Weights are used in all Europe now.
Kilos.
lbs. ozs.
Kilos.
2 3
7
2
4 6
8
3
6 10
9
4
8 13
10
5 ...
II i\
50
6
13 4
100
THE
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
INTRODUCTORY HINTS AND
ADVICE.
The Choice of a Watering- Place. — We
suppose in the first instance that we are
speaking to invalids going to some European
watering-place, or intending to winter in one
of the health resorts abroad. The first ad-
vice we give is to see a physician before
doing so, and not to take counsel of some
kind friend who may have been benefited by
such and such waters, or by living in a cer-
tain climate. Very often he will not have an
exact notion as to the precise place where
the kind of treatment he proposes can best
be carried out, nor have tried the watering-
places there ; but he can always give the best
advice as to the kind of water or climate,
2 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
and no person should come abroad without
having competent professional advice, either
from him, or from some specialist, with a
written diagnosis or history of his case to-
gether with a probable prognosis.
When located, the invalid should not be
travelling around to neighbouring places, but
should give a fair and perfect trial to the
climate or waters and situation so carefully
selected by the home physician, with a direct
view to his special benefit and improvement.
The place and country are also important,
but once having decided the sort of treatment,
it may be partly left to individual choice
where it shall be carried out, and here our
Guide will help. For instance, if iron waters
are ordered, the patient can look over the
list in each country, and decide for the one
that suits him best. He can also inspect
the therapeutical index for his malady, and
see what places are mentioned that would be
nearest to his line of route.
We must repeat that an invalid should not
select his summer or winter resort without
competent advice, or it may be detrimental
INTRODUCTORY HINTS.
3
to him. This haphazard, unscientific selection
of mineral-spring waters for their curative
effects is the cause of a vast amount of com-
plication in diseases of a chronic nature.
Patients often go from one spring with
the system saturated with sulphur, iron, mag-
nesia, lithia, or other drugs, to other springs
where additional agents are thrown in upon
the human tissue through the drinking of
waters of springs to which they should never
resort. The method usually counteracts the
benefit of the properly-selected remedy,
which has been chosen for the case.
The Time to go. — Nearly all the summer
bathing stations are crowded in July and
August. Some English people prefer May,
or even October ; but the immense majority
of people go to the resorts in summer time,
and as a rule they are right in doing so.
The greater number of invalids, rheumatic
and others, require the direct heat of the sun
as well as the waters, for fear of catching cold
while undergoing the bath treatment; and most
of these springs are in mountain regions where
it is often quite cool, if not cold, in the morn-
4 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
ing and evening, even in summer, and much
more so in May and October. On the other
hand, economic reasons will make some
patients prefer the early and late months.
During the full season the hotels demand the
highest prices for rooms, and the baths are
filled to repletion, so that one cannot always
carry out the treatment as one would wish.
The baths themselves are given at a lower
price before May 15th and after September
15th.
Prelhninary Treatment. — Having decided
on the time of starting, the question of treat-
ment before going arises. In the old times
no one went to a thermal or mineral water
station without first going through a medicinal
course of preparatory treatment. People are
nowadays quite indifferent to this ; but the
omission is an error, and our readers should
first consult their physician on this point
before going to any mineral spring, or chang-
ing a climate.
Ditration of Treatment. — Many of the
mineral water-cures have fixed the duration
of treatment quite arbitrarily at three weeks ;
INTRODUCTORY HINTS.
5
but this must largely depend on the patient
and his malady. In reality every one re-
quires a longer or a shorter time, depending
on many conditions which the doctors at the
stations are in the habit of watching for. It
may, however, be remarked that at many
strong mineral springs most people become
saturated, as it were, with the mineral ele-
ments in from three to four weeks ; and then
it is wise to rest for a longer or shorter time
before taking a new course of baths or waters.
The results of mineral water cures very often
do not show themselves for some time after
the cure has been made,_as the mineral
elements continue to work in the system for
a long time after taking them into the body.
It must be admitted that it is very often
necessary to take more than one summer's
treatment at many of the health resorts.
Indeed it is not reasonable to expect a com-
plete cure of a chronic malady in one season,
although it often happens. This is even
more true of the climatic cures. No fallacy
is more widely spread, and none is less based
on reason and experience than the expecta-
6 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
tion of immediate or rapid cure from change
of climate. Chronic maladies, ingrafted as it
were on the system, can only gradually be
transformed and safely cured. Every patient
should have a suitable companion to accom-
pany him or her during the treatment.
Winter Resorts. — It is quite useless for
invalids to go to the winter stations, as the
gay world does in December, and expect to
derive benefit from the climate. If a ten-
dency to a disease is to be checked, or a real
complaint cured, the early cold days of the
north are to be avoided. In northern Europe
the rainy, cold time comes on, as a rule, soon
after the twentieth of September. Then the
winter is approaching for the invalid, and he
should leave the north before catching the
first cold, which does so much harm and is so
hard to get rid of, even in the south, for the
rest of the winter. We must also caution the
invalid not to leave his winter station too
early in the spring, as he will find great diffi-
culty in passing safely through the rapid
alternations of the spring months in the
north. We therefore urge upon him the
INTRODUCTORY HINTS.
7
greatest care then, and in place of leaving in
April, advise him to stay in the south until
the middle or the end of May. While speak-
ing of climate we may say that the climate
which will allow the greatest amount of out-
door exercise (passive or active), and constant
exposure to the open air, is in general the
best one for invalids of all kinds. Except
to relieve symptoms, modern medicine has
nothing to cure many chronic maladies that
can in any way compare with out-door treat-
ment, and the constant exposure to Nature's
own great cure — the oxygen of pure air. It
seems almost strange that we see before us
constant examples of this in the ruddy faces
of the coachmen and other out-door workers,
and take no note of it. Often they are under
bad conditions as to food and drink, and yet
they are healthy. Even in country villages,
which are often under very bad sanitary con-
ditions, the purifying influence of the air
gives a healthy colour to invalids who are
constantly exposed to it ; and much more
so when the place itself has been selected
expressly as a health resort. In the north
8 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
confinement to the house is forced upon the
invalid, and no matter how healthy the place
may be, will result in bad effects on him ;
while the chance to get out and about in the
opsn air will save the same person in the
sjuth. The nearest approach in Europe to
an ideal climate where invalids can go out
almost every day can be found in the French
Riviera.
Money, Trains, Clothing. — Having arrived
on the Continent, one is often astonished to
find how much better known and respected
the English gold sovereign is than other
pieces. In any part of Europe it can be
changed nearer to its value than any other
money. It is, therefore, well to have a
moderate supply of these useful tokens, as
well as the usual letter of credit. We give
the fares from Pa7ds and London (ist class),
and best and shortest routes, for the Channel
via Dover mostly.
In France many of the best trains are first-
class only, but still within a year past,
owing to competition, many of the first-class
expresses have some second-class wagons ;
INTRODUCTORY HINTS.
9
for instance, the night ItaHan express from
Paris to Italy, Switzerland and Aix-les-Bains,
second-class fare is one-third less, but very
often no second-class carriages are put on the
express trains. As a rule, we prefer night
travelling for invalids. The trains are then
of the best, many of them run sleepers, and
it is best for a person in ill health to get over
a journey than to ride all day, perhaps on
the sunny side of a carriage, and arrive tired
at night to stop over in a strange hotel. We
have found from long experience that one is
more tired out by stopping over one night
on the road than by going through. This,
of course, refers to stopping one or two nights
on the road, and not to the plan of taking a
short day-journey, and staying from three
days to a week at each place. This delight-
ful way of travelling is highly to be recom-
mended.
It is well to take both summer and winter
suits of ordinary clothing, as the climatic
changes met with are often very sudden.
But clothing is good and cheap on the Con-
tinent, and no difficulty will be found in
lO HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
getting any article needed. For undercloth-
ing the newer forms of net or open porous
articles are excellent, yet we prefer the
woollen, and other fabrics like it, to cotton.
Exeixise Cure. — One of the forms of
treatment regularly carried out in Germany,
according to the instructions of Professor
Oertel, is the so-called earth-cure, and Eng-
lish people are excusable for thus translating
the phrase ; but in reality it implies a mode
of treatment by taking ascending walks. It
may be objected that walking about for the
sake of one's health is nothing new, which is
true, or a part of the truth ; but German
physicians are clever in turning an old thing
to new account, and patients, it must be
admitted, take kindly to old things under
fresh aspects. Tell an invalid to walk about,
and he will not greatly value the advice ; but
prescribe the exercise cure or the method
of Oertel, and he will do it. In a number
of places the roads have been measured
for this purpose, and the altitudes care-
fully marked, while coloured sign-boards
put up indicate the height and distance that
INTRODUCTORY HINTS.
II
the physician orders in each case. It is
certain that by a proper classification and
regulation of exercise the weak will be pre-
vented from doing more than is good for
them, and indeed we all know that over-
exercise does as much harm as none at all.
Ascending walks to suitable elevations are
certainly useful in heart disease, obesity and
many other complaints. Arco, Meran and
other German watering-places are making a
speciality of this very rational cure.
G^^ape Cttre,. — Grapes have always been
given by doctors to patients in fever cases,
but only in recent times have they been used
as a systematic cure. Their nutritive value
is not great, although they contain a good
deal of sugar. Grapes are often employed as
a supplementary treatment after other cures,
but it is more than probable that their cura-
tive value has been exaggerated. They are
essentially a dietetic cure, and to be useful
a moderate quantity only should be used.
This treatment is given in dyspepsia, chronic
constipation, gravel, chlorosis, intestinal ca-
tarrh, haemorrhoids, &c. Montreux and
Meran are the principal resorts.
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Milk and Whey Cure. — This was first
used in Gais, in the Canton of Appenzell,
Switzerland, about 1750. Milk is, of course,
a complete food, the most nutritious sup-
plied by nature, and especially when cooked
nothing digests so well in a healthy stomach.
Its good effects in all the kidney troubles
are well-known. As to whey, it is generally
laxative, and acts more distinctly than milk
in this direction. It is also believed to in-
crease the secretion of the mucous glands,
the liver and the skin. The various applica-
tions of milk foods and cures are more
expressly the physician s province, and can-
not be entered into at length here. This
cure can be carried out at home, or at any
of the stations, and either independently or
in connection with other treatment used at
the place.
Arenation, or Sand and Earth Ctires. —
Covering the body with sand is a very old
form of treatment. It is carried out at
Arcachon, and at many other sea-side places
in France and the rest of Europe. The
patient is put into a hollow scooped out of
INTRODUCTORY IIINTb.
13
the sand, and has a layer of damp, hot sand
thrown over him while he is exposed to
the sun. It causes free sudation, and stimu-
lates the skin. The mud-bath is a variety
of this treatment. The mud of rivers
(Dax, France) and of hot springs in other
places, is put into baths, and hot steam
turned into it. The patient lies in the
liquid mud, and after a certain number oi
minutes steps into a plain water bath, or
is douched with clear water to take off the
mud. The idea of these baths is that the
mud contains the deposit of the waters,
which ought to be the strongest part of the
mineral constituents, and that they would
constitute the best method for the use of the
mineral for cure. We now know, however,
that Httle, if any, of the principles enter by
the skin, and it is probable that these cures
act by the heat only. They are mostly used
for chronic rheumatism, stiff joints and gout.
Medicines. — It is almost useless nowadays
to carry drugs, as every little village has its
chemist's shop where fresh medicine is dis-
pensed. Still, some of the handy compressed
14 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
tabloids now in use may be kept on hand, to
be used with care in emergencies.
Beverages. — Ordinary drinking water, milk,
and all non-alcoholic liquids should be boiled
before using. There is a prevalent but
dangerous and quite unfounded idea that
the impurities of such fluids can be cor-
rected by mixing them with wine or spirits.
This is entirely fallacious ; they are not a
whit less dangerous for being so mixed.
The notion that a dash of brandy in water
robs it of its unwholesomeness is a vulgar
error that should at once be dismissed. The
artificial syphons of so-called seltzer water
are most dangerous, being usually nothing
more than any common water charged with
carbonic acid gas. It is wise not to drink
any town water until one is sure of its quality,
or gets accustomed to its use. Plenty of
good cheap mineral waters are to be had,
bottled for drinking purposes, in Europe.
In England, Apollinaris is used ; in France,
St. Galmier, Pougues, Vichy, Vals ; in
Germany and Austria ask for a bottle of
Giesshtibler.
INTRODUCTORY HINTS.
15
While on the subject of bottled mineral
waters, we must state that the assertion often
made to the effect that their use will cure
disease as well as treatment at the springs
themselves, is absolutely untrue. A mineral
water, be it ever so well corked and bottled,
will be found perfectly good only for the first
glass, and if the rest is kept, even for a day,
it is practically useless in a medical sense.
When a bottle of mineral water is opened,
it should be all used as soon as possible.
At the Baths. — Do not drink more than
the quantity of water ordered by the doctor,
under the false idea that you cannot take
too much of a good thing. Excess in this
matter has been known to do great harm.
Be careful to follow the alimentary regimen
laid down, and on first coming to the country
and the mountains do not attack the table
dhote with your newly-found appetite. At
many stations it is usual to take baths and
waters at extremely early hours. This is
by no means absolutely necessary. Indeed,
many delicate people will do well to pass
over this old-time custom, and drink and
1 6 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
bathe as late as lo a.m. So long as the
waters are not taken too near a meal, either
before or after it, there is no use in drink-
ing them at unnecessarily early hours.
After Cures, — It is sometimes possible, in
the case of the stronger waters, to continue
their use at home after the regular cure.
Certain of the stronger sulphur and arseni-
cal waters, and the purgative ones, may be
so used to advantage. In this case order
very small bottles, and use them all when
opened.
In other cases it is usual to take a course
of alkaline or iron waters after sulphur ones,
at the same place or elsewhere, or else to
change mountain for seaside, or vice versa,
or again, to go home at once and rest. All
these modifications of cures should be de-
cided on by a physician. We need hardly
say much on the danger of taking any
mineral water without the advice of a doctor
who lives and practises on the spot. The
physicians of any particular place, be it a
bath or a climatic station, have a knowledge
of effects which are not apparent to the
INTRODUCTORY HINTS
17
casual observer, and their daily experience
is worth more than any knowledge gained
from hearsay or even from books. We there-
fore cannot too strongly urge that patients
should take advantage of the experience of
a local doctor on going to any health resort.
Useful Articles to Cany. — A few words on
this subject. The invalid should take along
with him a spirit lamp to burn alcohol, as it
is often difficult to get hot water, or to have
any liquid boiled just when wanted. In all
parts of Europe alcohol is sold cheap by the
grocers for burning in these etnas or alcohol
lamps. A flask of the best cognac should be
carried, as this is a valuable medicinal agent,
at least for those who are not unduly accus-
tomed to its use. Next, a pocket-compass
to get rooms that really face the sun south,
or south-west, — a7^ midi, as the French call it
— for the obliging landlord will often declare
that all his rooms face full south. A pair of
smoked-glass spectacles is useful ; so also
are a thermometer, barometer and a rubber
bag that will serve for hot water applica-
tions. It should have a laro^e mouth, so
1 8 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
that it can be used for ice, to make cold
applications, as well. Wax matches, pens,
ink and soap must not be forgotten, not
being supplied good abroad.
The Cost of Living Abroad, Fees, &c. —
It is not an easy thing to give any accurate
idea of what the cost of living may be at
the watering-places. Fashion, the time of
the season, the wants and the means of
an invalid, and a thousand other factors
have to be taken into account. In a gene-
ral way, however, we may say that actual
board and lodging will cost from ten francs
(two dollars, or eight shillings) a head up-
wards. Many places are cheaper than this,
but it would be unsafe to calculate on a less
sum per day. When one settles down in
an apartment, or in rooms with a kitchen,
and has a little knowledge of the language of
the country, the expense is much less, as
food is not dear abroad, and rents are
reasonable in comparison with other parts
of the world. Physicians charge twenty
francs (four dollars, or sixteen shillings) as
a rule, for first consultations and visits ; the
INTRODUCTORY HINTS.
19
specialists, forty to sixty francs (eight to
twelve dollars, thirty-two to forty-eight shill-
ings). For instance, Professor Charcot and
such men expect sixty francs at the office,
and about one hundred for a visit. In
England two guineas is a usual fee for con-
sultations, and general practitioners take less
for a continuous attendance. At baths it is
usual to charge a certain sum for the season.
An interesting table was lately drawn up
showing the cost of living in different coun-
tries. Outside of the dear quarters in
London, England would seem to be the
most reasonable. Next comes Switzerland,
4 per cent, dearer ; then Germany, 10 per
cent, higher; then France, 15 per cent.;
Italy, 20 ; and Pennsylvania, as represent-
ing the United States, 24 per cent, higher
than England. This was determined by
the expenditure on clothing, food, coal, gas
and wages in each country.
20
CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL
WATERS.
We make a very simple classification by
grouping the waters under each country,
according to the principal mineral element
found in them. Patients ordered sulphur
waters, for instance, will find all of those
in Austria grouped together, all of those
in France, &c.
The classes are — (i) sulphuretted; (2)
saline; (3) purgative; (4) alkaline; (5) ferru-
ginous. Seaside places are mentioned after
these, then winter resorts. Grape, whey,
sand, peat, mud, pine, hydropathic and electric
baths are mentioned under each place having
them.
I. Sulphuretted or Sulphur Waters. — In
a general way these springs are exciting,
and are best used by lymphatic persons
whose skin is dry and hard. The triumph
of the hot sulphur waters is in the treatment
Classification of mineral waters. 2\
of rheumatism, gun-shot wounds and joint-
troubles ; after these, in skin diseases,
catarrhs of the bronchial tubes, chronic
pleurisy and asthma. It must be under-
stood that sulphur waters only succeed when
these troubles are chronic. They are not
used when there is any acute inflammation.
2. Saline Waters. — The pure salt waters
are much used for scrofula, certain skin
diseases, and bone and joint troubles. The
purgative ones are, of course, useful in con-
stipation, and in liver, spleen and abdominal
diseases.
4. Alkaline Waters. — These have an ex-
tensive usefulness. The soda springs are of
great importance in stomach troubles, by
acting directly on the acid secretions of the
body. They are most useful, therefore, in
chronic maladies that have their seat in the
viscera, liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, &c.
5. Ferruginous Waters. — The iron waters
are not so much made use of as they
deserve, many physicians giving the drug
directly. Anaemia and chlorosis are the
principal indications, but not by any means
22 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
the only ones. It should be mentioned that
many of the other classes of waters con-
tain iron, and that many of the alkaline
group have arsenic in them.
23
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND
DICTIONARY.
A FULL alphabetical list of diseases is given
with indications of a suitable place for the
treatment of each one, and an explanation
or dictionary of the terms used. This list
being made for the use of the general public
as well as of physicians, we have thought it
best to give the common names for all the
diseases, and at the same time to explain the
medical terms used.
Our object in making this therapeutical
index is to indicate the places that are best
suited to every malady, and while the exact
indications for each mineral spring are much
controverted, and form a difficult and deli-
cate study, we are able to give the usual
considerations from which a physician or
a patient can choose a station suitable to
the malady. Any disease not mentioned
24 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
in this index is not amenable to treatment
at health resorts.
Note. — See the general alphabetical index
for the number and page of the health resort
mentioned and wanted.
Abscess (a collection of pus or purulent
matter). — See Boils, Tuberculosis.
Acidity, — See Dyspepsia.
Acne. — See Skin Diseases.
Adenitis (glandular inflammation). — ^Saline
waters. Uriage ; Baden-Baden ; sea baths.
See Tuberculosis.
Addison s Disease (bronze-skin disease). —
Vichy.
Ague. — La Bourboule, Royat, Vichy,
Bath, Tarasp, Carlsbad, Marienbad.
Albuminuria (presence of albumen in the
urine). — Vichy, Vals, Carlsbad, Evian,
Royat (if anaemia be present try the iron
waters, also any pure spring water in large
quantity), Schwalbach, Spa, Bath, Neuenahr,
San Rcmo, Nice, Tunbridge Wells.
A Icoholism, — Vichy.
Alopecia. — See Baldness.
Amaurosis (obscurity of vision). — Brides,
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 25
Marienbad, Kissingen, Carlsbad, Voslau
grape cure.
A^nenorrhoea (stoppage of menses). — Aix-
les-Bains, Baden-Baden, Schwalbach, Vittel,
Franzensbad, Homburg, Bath, Neris, Kissin-
gen, Kreuznach, Bushey, Pyrmont, Chian-
ciano. For climate, the south — Nice,
Cannes, Mentone.
Ancemia (deficiency of good blood). —
Bagneres de Bigorre, Spa, Orezza, Schwal-
bach, Pyrmont, Forges, Levies, La Bour-
boule, Royat, St. Moritz, Bussang, Droitwich,
Nauheim, Ems, Franzensbad, Tunbridge
Wells, Levico, Amphion. Sea baths —
Arcachon, &c. Climate cures — Egypt,
Nice, San Remo. High Alpine resorts —
Meran.
Anchylosis (fixed joints). — Dax, Aix-les-
Bains, Bath, Malvern, Teplitz, Loeche,
Baden in Switzerland. Acqui, Wildbad,
Plombieres.
Anthrax. — See Carbuncle.
Anorexia (want of appetite). --- H'gh
mountain resorts and seaside. See als )
Dyspepsia.
26 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Angina. — See Throat Diseases.
Aphonia (loss of voice). — The sulphur
waters. See Throat Diseases.
AphthcB (thrush). — Vichy, and alkaline
waters in general.
A rthHtis. — S ee Rheu mat ism .
Ascites (dropsy). — Mineral waters are
contra-indicated, but the warm climatic
places may be useful — Egypt, Men tone.
Asthina. — Mont-Dore, Meran, St. Moritz,
Scarborough, Malvern, La Bourboule,
Schinznach, Allevard, Royat, Saint-Honore,
Enghien, Brighton, Bournemouth, Ems,
Egypt, Nice-Cimiez, San Remo, Isle of
Wight, Montreux.
Ataxy (^Locomotor), (loss of power over the
voluntary movements). — Uriage, Aix-la-
Chapelle, La Malou, Aix-les-Bains, Gastein,
Salins, Bushey, Bath. For the winter —
Nice, Cannes, Nervi, San Remo.
Atrophy (muscular wasting). — Schwalbach,
Baden-Baden, Aix-les-Bains, Dax, Salies de
Bearn, Bath, Loueche.
Barber s Itch. — See Skin Diseases, under
Tinea Sycosis.
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 27
Bile and Biliousness. — Vichy, Carlsbad,
Cheltenham, Harrogate, Homburg, Marien-
bad, Tarasp.
Bladder, Diseases of- —
Catarrh of. — Contrexeville, Vit-
tel, Evian, Pougues, Brides,
Tarasp.
Cystitis. — Vichy, Bath, Neuenahr,
Alhama de Granada.
„ Incontinence of Urine. — Neris,
Saint-Sauveur, Plombieres.
Climates — Egypt, Mentone,
Nice.
Determination of, to head). — Carls-
bad purgative waters.
Boils and Carbuncles (Disposition to). — La
Bourboule, Aix-les-Bains, Uriage, Schinz-
nach, Carlsbad, Bagneres de Bigorre, Mont-
Dore.
Breath (offensive). — See Dyspepsia.
Bright' s Disease. — See Albuminuria. Mal-
vern, Droitwich.
Bronchitis (chronic). — Ems, Cauterets,
Challes, La Bourboule, Eaux Bonnes, Luchon,
Saint- Honore, Allevard, Royat, Mont-Dore,
28 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Marlioz, Schinznach, Ischl. Whey cures.
Climatic Treatment (when there is much
discharge), Nice, Cannes, Mentone ; (for the
dry form), Algiers, Pau, Bournemouth, Ma-
deira, Meran, Montreux, Torquay.
Burns. — Vichy, and the alkaline waters.
Calctili (stone), Biliary. — Vichy, Pougues,
Marienbad, Carlsbad, Vittel,
Contrexeville, Ems, Montecatini,
Castellamare.
,, Urinary or Vesical. — Vittel, Royat,
Contrexeville, La Poretta, Evian,
Franzensbad, Carlsbad.
Uterine. — See Uterus, diseases of.
Cancer.' — For cancer of the womb and
stomach hot waters are indicated, if only for
relief of pain. The sulphur sources are too
exciting, but cases may be sent to the hot
alkaline springs : Vichy, &c.
Carbuncle. — See Boils.
Caries (decay of bones). — Saline springs.
Catarrh (chronic forms only) : —
,, Intestinal. — Bath, Brides, Chelten-
ham, Homburg, Marienbad.
Of nose. — See Rhinitis. Ems
Allevard.
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 29
Catarrh^ Urethral. — The alkaline waters;
Vichy, Pougues, Ems, Kreuz-
nach.
Uterine. — See Uterus, diseases of.
Ems.
Pulmonary. — Eaux Bonnes, Cau-
terets, Marlioz, Ems, Royat,
La Bourboule, Meran, Mentone,
Nice, San Remo, Hyeres.
Cerebral System (brain troubles). — La Ma-
lou, Balaruc, Carlsbad.
Chlorosis (Deficiency of the corpuscular
elements of the blood), called Green Sick-
ness. — Spa, Royat, Plombieres, Pyrm.ont,
Meran, Saint-Moritz, Clifton, Malvern, Hom-
burg.
Chorea (St. Vitus's Dance). — Aix-les-Bains,
Baden-Baden, Plombieres.
Colic (Hepatic). — Vichy, Brides-les-Bains,
Cheltenham, Harrogate, Marienbad, Carlsbad.
Constipation (or costiveness). — Carlsbad,
Chatel Guyon, Brides, Montmirail, Chelten-
ham, Homburg, Kissingen, Leamington.
Consumption. — See Phthisis.
Congestion of Head. — Purgative waters.
30
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Cont7^actio7i of Muscles and Tendons, —
Sulphur waters, Aix-les-Bains ; and massage,
Malvern.
Confinement (when difficult). — Any warm
baths, and life in a warm climate during the
labour will make it much easier than in the
north.
Convulsions. — See Chorea.
Cough, — See Bronchitis.
Cystitis (inflammation of bladder). — See
Bladder, diseases of.
Convalescence. — Mountain and seaside
places and iron waters.
Debility, — I ron waters : Gastein, the Ri v iera
climate.
Diabetes (excessive flow of urine contain-
ing sugar). — La Bourboule, Vichy, Carlsbad,
Neuenahr, Clifton, Teplitz, Pougues, Tun-
bridge Wells, Vittel, Brides-les-Bains, Droit-
wich.
Dropsy (accumulation of fluid). — Carlsbad,
Cheltenham, Brides, Harrogate, La Bour-
boule, Aix-les-Bains, Baden-Baden, Bagneres
de Bigorre, Cauterets.
Dysentery. — Carlsbad^ Montecatini, Spa.
tHERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 3 1
Dysmenorrhcea (difficult and painful men-
struation).— Uriage, Baden, Bath, Franzens-
bad, Alhama, Plombieres. Climate. — Nice
and the south in general. Menstrual cases
do best in warm climates.
Dyspepsia (acid fortii). — Vichy, Neuenahr,
Vals.
,, Atonic, — Pougues, Saint- Moritz,
Spa, Brides-les-Bains.
Painful, — Plombieres, Evian,
Pougues.
„ Flahdent. — Saint-Sauveur, Nie-
derbronn, Homburg.
„ Catarrhal. — Carlsbad, Marien-
bad, Brides, Chatel Guyon.
Dysuria (painful urination). — Vittel, Con-
trexeville.
Ear Diseases (chronic form). — Brides.
Eczema. — See Skin Diseases. Harrogate,
Aix-les-Bains, Moffatt.
Einphysema^^vsX^xv^iow, with gas, of tissues).
— Mountain climates ; Meran, Madeira, San
Remo, Hyeres, Costebelle.
Erysipelas. — Some chronic forms do well
at sulphur baths.
32 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Erythema (inflammation of skin). — Alkaline
springs.
Eye Diseases. — These are very little aided
by mineral waters. The warm climates are
useful.
Flahdence. — See Dyspepsia.
Ei^achcres (old chronic ones). — Baden, Dax,
Teplitz, mud baths, salt springs, Acirale,
Acqui.
Gall Stones. — See Colic (hepatic).
Gastralgia. — See Dyspepsia (painful).
Gastric Catarrh. — See Stomach, diseasesof.
Gastric Ulcer. — Ditto.
Glands. — See Adenitis, Tuberculosis and
Scrofula. Salins, Cauterets.
Gleet. — Contrexeville, Vittel, Pougues.
Gout. — Vichy, Royat, Dax, Wiesbaden,
Teplitz, Evian, Marienbad, Homburg, Monte-
catini, Loueche, Uriage, Bath, Malvern, Aix-
les-Bains.
Gravel (deposit in urine). — Contrexeville,
Marienbad, Vichy, Pougues, Royat, and most
alkaline waters.
Hcematernesis (vomiting of blood from the
stomach). — Vichy, Homburg.
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 33
HcBmaturia (blood from the bladder or
urine.) — Spa, Carlsbad, Contrexeville.
Hcemoptysis (blood spitting from lungs). —
See Phthisis.
HcBinorrhoids (piles). — Carlsbad, Franzens-
bad, Brides, Montecatini, Vittel, Homburg,
Kissingen, Aix, Moffat, Strathpeffer.
Hay Fever. — Mountain places.
Headache. — Marienbad and purgative
waters.
Hoarseness. — See Larynx, diseases of.
He7^pes. — See Skin diseases. Aix-les-
Bains, La Bourboule, Saint-Honore, Chel-
tenham, Salins.
Hysteria. — Carlsbad, Franzensbad, Gas-
tein. Spa, Bagneres de Bigorre, Lucca, Saint-
Sauveur. For climate : Nice, Matlock.
Hypochond^da. — Gastein, Nice, Saint-
Sauveur, Matlock, Amphion, the Riviera,
Nervi, San Remo, Neris.
Heart (Diseases of). — Arco, Meran, Spa,
Pau, and warm climates — Nice, &c.
Hepatic Diseases. — See Liver, diseases of.
Vichy, Carlsbad.
Heartbitrn. — See Acid Dyspepsia. Vichy.
3
34 HEALTH RESORTS OP EUROPE.
Incontinence of Urine. — See Bladder, dis-
eases of. Vittel, Contrexeville,
Intermittent Fever (after attacks of). —
La Bourboule, Montmirail.
Impotence. — Chatel-Guyon, Franzensbad,
Aix-les- Bains ; warm climates, sea baths.
Insomnia. — Mountain climates. Franzens-
bad, Marienbad, Wildbad.
Intestinal Catarrh. — Cauterets, Plom-
bieres, Carlsbad, Bagneres, Leamington.
Intestines (atony of). Carlsbad ; purgative
waters.
Intestinal Obst7^uction. — Marienbad ; pur-
gative waters.
Joiiits (diseases of). — Teplitz, Dax ; mud
and sand baths.
Jaundice. — See Liver, diseases of. Carls-
bad, Montecatini, Bath, Cheltenham.
Kidneys (diseases of). — Milk and whey
cures, grape cures.
„ Chronic Nephritis. — After all in-
flammation has gone send to
Contrexeville, Vittel, Vichy,
Royat, Evian, Matlock, Tarasp.
Larynx (diseases of). — Eaux Bonnes,
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 35
Clifton, Aix-les-Bains, Marlioz, Royat, Saint-
Moritz, Maloya, Davos.
LeMcorrhoea (whites). — Baden near Vienna,
Bagneres de Bigorre, Spa, Franzensbad,
Plombieres, Ischl ; sea baths.
Lead Poisoning. — Ofen or Buda-Pesth.
Liver (diseases of). — Carlsbad, Vichy,
Brides, Montecatini, Teplitz, Pougues, Clifton,
Panticosa, Royat, Malvern, Leamington,
Harrogate, Cheltenham.
Lttmbago. — All hot springs.
Lymphatism. — See Scrofula. Salins, Chel-
tenham ; sea baths.
Ltmgs. — See Phthisis.
Lupus. — See Phthisis. Ofen or Buda-Pesth.
Malaria. — La Bourboule, Levico, Brides.
Morphinism. — Climate : Nice.
Myalgia (pain in muscles). — Aix-les-Bains.
Nephritis. — ^See Kidneys, diseases of.
Nervous Debility, Neurosis, &c. — Iron
waters ; Gastein, Meran, Neris, Lucca, Bath,
Ischl, Malvern, Schwalbach, Spa, Teplitz.
Neuralgia. — Neris, Plombieres, Ischl, Gas-
tein, Bagneres de Bigorre, St. Sauveur, Ems,
Droitwich, Baden near Vienna, Spa, St.
Moritz,
36
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Night Sweats, — See Phthisis.
Nose (diseases of). — See Rhinitis.
Obesity. — Aix-les-Bains, Brides, Marien-
bad, Chatel-Guyon, Homburg, Meran (grape
cure), Kissingeri, Arco ; mountain walks.
Oscena. — See Rhinitis. Uriage.
Otorrhoea. — See Ear, diseases of. Uriage.
Ovarian Troubles. — See Uterus.
Paralysis^ Cerebral Form, — Balaruc, Gas-
tein, Niederbronn, Malvern,
Acqui.
„ Spinal Form. — Wiesbaden,
Schinznach, Gastein, Mont-
Dore, Neris, Plombieres.
„ Rheumatic. — Aix - les - Bains,
Neris, Acqui, Valdieri, Har-
rogate, Bath, Baden - Baden.
„ Lead Form. — Cauterets, Lu-
chon, Aix-la-Chapelle, Uri-
age, Ofen, Dax.
„ Senile. — Balaruc.
„ Hysteric. — Ems, Plombieres,
„ Infantile — Bourbon.
„ Syphilitic. — See Syphilis,
„ Climatic treatment : Nice,
Cannes, Egypt, Mentone, &c-
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 37
Paraplegia, — Aix-les- Bains, Lamalou,
Plombieres, Gastein.
Phthisis (Consumption). — See also Tuber-
culosis.
Torpid Form. — Eaux Bonnes,
Mont-Dore, Meran, Cauterets,
Gorbersdorf, Falkenstein, Ems,
Aix-les-Bains, Revard, Ischl,
Ventnor.
Scrofulous Form. — La Bourboule,
Torquay.
, , Gouty or Rheumatic Form, — E ms,
Royat.
5j Climates: Mentone, Davos-Platz,
Malaga, Madeira, Algiers.
Pott's Disease, — Salt Springs ; Salins, Me-
ran.
Palpitation. — See Stomach, diseases of.
Pharyngitis. — See Throat, diseases of.
Pleurisy (chronic form). — Saint-Honore,
Algiers, Pau, Hyeres, Mont-Dore.
Pleurodynia. — Aix-les-Bains, Meran.
Prurigo. — See Skin Diseases.
Psoriasis. — See Skin Diseases.
Pneumonia, — After treatment : Pau, Men-
tone, Nice,
38
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
RheiLniatisui (simple chronic form). — Aix-
les-Bains, Bath, Buxton,
Droitwich, Acqui, Nauheim,
Baden near Vienna, TepHtz,
Cauterets, Woodhall Spa,
Malvern, Plombieres.
With Nervous Diseases. — Ne-
ris. Saint - Sauveur, Plom-
bieres, Matlock, Bath.
With Gout. — Roy at, La Bour-
boule, Pougues.
„ With Gravel. — Vichy, Vittel,
Carlsbad, Wiesbaden.
„ With Bronchial Catarrh. —
Mont-Dore.
„ With Skin Disease. — La Bour-
boule.
,,. With Syphilis. — Aix-la-Cha-
pelle, Aix-les-Bains.
„ With Deformed or Fixed
Joints. — Dax ; Mud baths.
„ Climatic treatment. — Nice,
Mentone, the South, Egypt,
Hyeres.
Rickets. — See Scrofula, Uriage.
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 39
Rhinitis (chronic nasal catarrh). — Caute-
rets, La Bourboule, Mont-Dore, Royat, Lu-
chon, Ems, Allevard.
Note. — The sulphur waters are best in
passive, depressed subjects ; excitable and
nervous patients do best at alkaline springs.
Climatic treatment is effective ; dry-air
places, like Nice, Cannes, Egypt, cure these
cases in two or three seasons.
Sciatica. — Aix-les-Bains, Bath, Buxton,
Teplitz, Saint-Sauveur, Woodhall Spa.
Scrofula : first period, in children 2 to 10.
— Seaside resorts and baths ;
Arcachon, Biarritz, Mentone,
Nice, Cannes, Berck-sur-mer,
Soden, Uriage.
^ Second period, adolescents 10 to
20. — Salt springs, Salies, La
Bourboule, Ischl, Nauheim,
Valdieri, La Paretta, Ledesma,
Uriage.
„ Third period, adults. — Luchon,
Aix-les-Bains, Baden, Eaux
Bonnes, Saint Honore, En-
ghien, Acqui, Malvern, Caute-
rets.
40
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Spinal Disease. — La Malou, salt baths ;
Nauheim.
Spraifu — Aix-les- Bains, and hot sulphur
waters.
Spej^matorr/icea. — Gastein, Cauterets.
Sterility, — A number of baths claim (doubt-
fully) to cure it ; Franzensbad, Ems, Pougues,
Marienbad, Schwalbach, Aix.
Syphilis. — Aix-la-Chapelle, Aix-les- Bains,
Uriage, Archena, Harrogate ; but regular
constitutional treatment must not be dis-
pensed with.
Stomach, Diseases of. — Vichy and any
gaseous alkalines ; Homburg.
Atony of. — Grape cure ; Vos-
lau, Kissingen.
„ Gastralgia. — Plombieres, Royat,
Evian, Homburg.
Dilatation. — Carlsbad, Aix-les-
Bains, Chatel-Guyon.
Catarrh. — Carlsbad.
Ulcers. — Vichy.
Skin Diseases: Acne. — Luchon, Aix-les-
Bains, Ems, Schlangen-
bad, Schinznach.
THERAPEUTICAL INDEX AND DICTIONARY. 4 1
Skin Diseases : Eczema. — Creuznach, Sal-
ins, Aix-les-Bains, Levico.
„ Lichen. — Ems, Franzens-
bad, Levico, Schinznach.
Luptis. — Ofen or Buda-
Pesth.
„ Psoriasis. — Levico, Nau-
heim.
Pemphigus. — Aix-la-Cha-
pelle.
,, Prttrigo. — N6ris, Luxeuil.
,, Tinea Sycosis. — Sea-baths.
•,, Urticaria. — Franzensbad,
Moffatt, Vichy.
Tuberculosis. — This term is used nowadays
very often for Consumption, as well as the
local troubles formerly called Scrofula, cold
abscess, and rickets.
Tubercular children are treated with suc-
cess at sea baths — Royat, Arcachon, Biarritz,
Ostend, Scheveningen, Berck-sur-mer.
Very delicate and weak children had best
be sent to the baths on the Mediterranean
coast. This sea is very salt, has no breakers,
and is in a warm climate. Cannes, Mentone,
42 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Nice. Salt springs : Salies de Bearn, Nau-
heim. Sulphur waters : Cauterets, Luchon,
Challes, Marlioz, Baden near Vienna. Ar-
senical : La Bourboule, Royat, Saint- Honore,
Teplitz.
Throaty Diseases of : Tonsillitis. — Aix-les-
Bains, Challes, Marlioz, Cau-
terets, Allevard.
„ Pharyngitis, — Saint Honore,
Pierrefonds, Enghien, Soden,
Ems,
Ulcers. — Aix-les-Bains, Valdieri, Baden,
Uriage.
Uterus, Diseases of:
„ Catarrh. — Baden near Vienna,
Franzensbad, Saint Sauveur,
Marlioz, Luchon, Pyrmont,
Schwalbach, Wiesbaden.
„ Tumours. — Kreuznach. Climate :
the Riviera.
Venereal Excess. — Gastein.
Varicose Veins. — Alkaline waters.
Worms. — Purgative waters.
Wounds. — Dax, Aix-les-Bains, Teplitz,
Bareges, La Bourboule.
43
DESCRIPTION
OF HEALTH RESORTS AND CITIES
BY COUNTRIES.
Austria- Hungary.
In the southern part of this empire the
winters are short and mild, while snow is
not often seen, but the summers are long and
hot, so that it cannot be counted as a health-
resort. The latitude is between 45° and
51" north. In the north the winters are
long and cold, and the summers short and
warm. The mean annual temperature of
this district, which is the only one interesting
to the health seeker, is about 48° ; in Vienna
it is 50°. In the mountains it varies from
37° to 41°. Hungary itself has a fine,
bracing, cold climate, but it is almost entirely
neglected by Anglo-American people. The
waters called Pullna and Sedlitz are Bohe-
mian springs, but the places themselves are
44 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
not frequented, and no bath establishments
exist. This is true of quite a large number
of the well-known marks of table and purga-
tive waters, as they are only used at home
and bottled like the well-known Hunyadi
lanos and others.
45
SULPHUR WATERS.
Baden, Austria, called Baden-bei-Wien.
It is the ancient " Thermce Ceticer
Route. — Ei^ht hundred-and-eighty miles
from Paris, E. of F.R.R., via Strasburg and
Munich, to Vienna, twenty-six hours. Frs.
134. From London, 12s. 6d. Baden
is seventeen miles from Vienna by rail ; half
an hour by express trains.
Waters. — There are thirteen hot sulphur
springs at 80° to 95° Fah., containing a clear
water with much common salt and -sulphur-
etted hydrogen in it. The waters have the
well-known "bad-egg odour," and deposit a
yellow crystalline substance, called Baden
salts. They are laxative, diuretic and excit-
ing.
Tkei^apetitics. — The diseases that are
mostly treated here are chronic rheumatism,
gout, tuberculosis, scrofula, paralysis, bron-
46
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
chial catarrhs, leucorrhoea and other women's
diseases ; also skin diseases.
Baden is a fashionable resort for the rich
Vienna people. It is well-situated in a
beautifully wooded mountainous district, and
all the arrangements are on a magnificent
scale. The altitude is 700 feet; the mean
temperature, 50' Fah. ; population, 5,000 ;
number of summer visitors, 18,000, The
waters are said to resemble those of Aix-la-
Chapelle, and the place itself, Baden-Baden.
It is not so cold here as in Vienna in winter, so
that the baths are kept open all the year ; but
of course the summer season is the crowded
one. As in most German places, there is
abundance of good music in a fine Kurhaus,
The town is healthy, and receives an abun-
dant supply of water from the famous Vienna
Hochquellen works.
For travellers who make Vienna their
headquarters, and need a sulphur cure, the
place is to be recommended. The treat-
ment can be taken in the hotels, some six-
teen of which are bath houses as well. There
are also the well-known swimming baths, one
SULPHUR WATERS. 47
of which will hold some 1 50 people, and where
the ladies and gendemen bathe together for
hours at a time The bath is surrounded by
balconies, from which the friends of the
bathers can see and talk to them during the
bath — a very sociable sight. The earth-cure
and whey-cure are given here. The place is
so convenient to Vienna that people often go
into town to the early evening performances
given at the theatres there, and return to
Baden the same evening.
Pro7nenades. — The park or Theresien-
garten, Calvarienberg and Weilberg are
interesting, also Burgeneck ruins, &c.
Physicians. — Drs. Barth and Schwartz.
Hotels. — City of Vienna, Munsch, Green
Tree, Schwartz Adler, Hirsch, Lowe.
Bad-Voslau.
This is a small place three miles from
Baden, celebrated both for its vintages, and
as a grape-cure. It also has a weak ferru-
ginous or indifferent mineral water spring.
The town stands among pine woods on the
48 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
top of a hill, and is much frequented by the
Viennese.
Physicians. — Drs. Krischke, Verminger.
Budapest.
Budapest, the capital of Hungary, consists
^ of the two sister cities, Buda and Pest, of
which the former is situate on the right, and
the latter on the left bank of the Danube.
Population, 450,000 (1890). The position
of the city is one of the finest in Europe.
Waters. — Budapest and its immediate
neighbourhood are extremely rich in mineral
springs and bathing establishments. The
most important spring is the famous Hun-
yacii Janos^' the property of the Andreas
Saxlehner firm. This water is now uni-
versally known as the "best natural ape-
rient," and over six million bottles of it are
dispatched yearly to all parts of the world.
Its spring is situated about three miles out
from Budapest. The " Elizabeth Saltbad "
is within half-an-hour's drive from Buda, and
is a much frequented resort for women's
diseases. There are, as we said, numerous
SULPHUR WATERS.
49
Other springs ; there are thermal sulphur
waters near Budapest, having temperatures
ranging from 95° F. to 120° F. These
supply the baths. The most celebrated
establishment is the " Margarethen-Bad,"
situated on Margaret Island, which is a gem
of the Danube river in front of Budapest.
It possesses an extensive park, and many
comfortably furnished hotels. The other
baths are the " Lukacs-Bad," the Kaiser-
Bad," Rudas-Bad," and Raiczen-Bad."
Medica/Men.—Froi Koranyi, Kedi, Muller.
GyncEcologists. — Professors Kezmarsky,
Tauffer, Elischer.
Skin Diseases. — Prof. Schwimmer, Havas.
Stirgeons, — Prof. Kovacs, Dollinger, Puky.
Eye Diseases. — Prof. Schulek, Siklossy.
Throat Diseases. — Dr. Morelli.
Nervous Diseases. — Professor Laufenauer.
Children s Diseases. — Professor Bokai,
Dr. Kover.
Ear Diseases. — Dr. Purjesz.
Hotels. — Queen of England, Grand Hotel,
Archduke Stefan, Continental, National,
Europe, Jagerhorn.
3
50
SALINE WATERS.
ISCHL.
Route. — 1,048 miles from Paris, E. of
F.R.R., via Vienna, forty-three hours; 172
francs. ^9 9s. from London.
Waters. — Ischl is a type of chloride of
sodium waters in Austria. It has been
known as such since the twelfth century.
There are two springs, the water having a
specific gravity of 1.200. The salt mine is
three miles from the town, and supplies the
brine for the baths and the mud-slime used.
The water is laxative, but at the same time
tonic. It is mostly used in baths.
Therapeutics. — The waters are used for
scrofula-tuberculosis, as well as arthritic com-
plaints, neuralgia and women's diseases ; but
many people come to Ischl for the mountain-
air cure, as well as milk cures.
The altitude here is 1,535 ^^^^y the popula-
SALINE WATERS.
51
tion 6,000. The place is beautifully situated
in the Salzkammergut of Traun, halfway
between the fine lakes of Hallstadt and
Traun. There are nearly 6,000 visitors, and
the town is fashionable and expensive in
July and August, when it is filled by the
wealthy Viennese. The climate is an Alpine
one and healthy, but rather warm in summer;
at the same time it is soothing, equable and
suited to nervous cases. Pine baths are
given here. One may meet an emperor in
its streets, as the place is a frequent resort of
sovereigns. There is a fine Kurhaiis and the
promenades in the glorious scenery of Aus-
trian Tyrol are magnificent.
Physicians. — There are twelve resident :
Drs. Kahn, Fiirstenberg, Steiger.
Hotels. — Victoria, Post, Bauer (on the hill
outside the village) and the Kaiserin Elizabeth
52
PURGATIVE WATERS.
Carlsbad.
Route. — 820 miles from Paris, via Stras-
burg and Eger, thirty hours; 140 francs.
From London ^5 8s. gd. Twelve hours
from Berlin or Vienna, eight from Dresden
or Munich, five from Prague.
Waters. — These celebrated hot mineral
springs are sixteen in number, eleven of
which are prescribed by the doctors. They
are bi-carbonated chloro-sulphated waters,
and we class them for convenience as purga-
tive ; but their curative effects do not depend
only on purgation. They are largely used
for drinking purposes, but baths of the waters
and mud and douches of all kinds are given.
The specific gravity of the Sprudel is given
as 1.00503, and its temperature is 166°. The
taste somewhat resembles that of very salt
chicken soup, but the water is clear in colour.
PURGATIVE WATERS.
53
The action of these waters varies according
to the spring. In small doses they often
produce constipation ; in large quantity they
purge. They are considered purgative, diu-
retic and resolvent.
Therapeutics. — Catarrh of the stomach,
bowels and bladder ; biliary and urinary cal-
culi ; disorders of the liver, gout, rheumatism,
diabetes, uterine diseases, haemorrhoids, hys-
teria, dysentery. (Dr. London.)
Contra-indications. They should not be used
in debility, or when renal complications are
present.
Ca^dsbad, or Charles's Bath, sometimes
written Karlsbad, and the most renowned of
the German waters, is in Bohemia, 1,120 feet
above the sea, in latitude 50°, and longitude
13°. It lies in the narrow valley of the
Tepel, near its junction with the Eger. The
population is 12,000, and the number of
visitors about 40,000. The baths are open
all the year, but are mostly resorted to in
summer, from May to November. The cli-
mate is changeable, like that of all moun-
tainous regions, and in spite of some smells
54 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
in the lower part of the town, is claimed
to be very healthy. No epidemics nor con-
tagious diseases visit the place. The site is
picturesque and the vicinity has good pine
and spruce forest scenery. The mean sum-
mer temperature is 66'^ F., in the spring and
autumn it is 47°. It is hot in summer like
most mountain valleys. There are covered
walks for the rainy days. The upper part, or
Schlossburg, is the best location. The place
is rather dear for Germany or even Austria,
but the accommodations are good. People
mostly take rooms and eat at the restaurants.
The cure at Carlsbad is a serious one, and it
is no place for those who wish to have a good
time ; yet there is good music and a theatre,
with excellent performances. It is one of
the most important springs in Europe as
regards the gravity of the diseases sent to
it, and while some of the French spas, as
Vichy, have more visitors, Carlsbad waters
are more active, and we must insist on great
care being given to the diagnosis and to the
patient's strength, and considerable caution
being taken in their recommendation, as they
PURGATIVE WATERS.
55
are not to be played with.* A carefully
directed course under the care of a local
physician is essential, and we give a list of
the competent physicians at the station, who
all speak English.
Physicians. — Drs. London, Neubaur,
Kraus, Hoffmeister, Griinberger, Rosen-
zweig, Abeles, Gans, Strunz, Freund and
Mayer.
After-mre. — This depends much on the
patient ; but mental and physical rest is
usually insisted upon, and mountain air in
Switzerland or Tyrol.
Hotels. — National, Victoria, Russie, Gol-
dener Schild, Pupp's, Konig von England,
Hannover. In June and July rooms should
be engaged beforehand.
Local English Guides. — Carlsbad and its
environs (Scribner's Sons.)
Bookseller. — Hans Feller.
English Church service at the new St.
Luke's.
* Practitioners on the spot discriminate between
the effects of the several springs, and this may be
done at many other mineral water stations.
56
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
GlESSHUBLER-PuCHSTEIN.
Our account of Carlsbad would not be
complete if we failed to mention the Giess-
hiibler Sauerbrunn. We have said elsewhere
that Germany and Austria are lucky in hav-
ing good spring water for table use, as the
common rivers and streams are not whole-
some. Giesshiibler contains a good deal of
iron, and therefore may not be suitable for
every one ; but this acidulous, pleasant water
is excellent for drinking purposes. The
place itself is worth a visit, only nine miles
from Carlsbad ; it is a capital drive along
the banks of the Eger. The road passes
through pine woods that are intersected with
footpaths for the benefit of patients from
Carlsbad.
Franzensbad.
Route. — 765 miles from Paris, E. of F.
R.R., via Strasburg and Eger, thirty hours;
1 10 francs. From London, i6s.
Waters. — There are nine cold springs of
alkaline chloro-sulphated and iron waters,
PURGATIVE WATERS.
57
but the great speciality here is the famous
Moorbdder or mud baths. The peaty ma-
terial used for these consists of sulphate of
potash and soda, with a little lime and phos-
phates of iron, and some organic matters.
A double bath is used, so that when the mud
one is over the patient steps into clean water.
The waters themselves of Franzensbad are
pleasant and agreeable, having a good deal
of carbonic acid gas in them. Baths of this
gas are also given. The treatment is lax-
ative, diuretic, and of slightly exciting nature.
Therapeutics. — Anaemia and chlorosis,
chronic uterine complaints, sterility, neuralgia,
paralysis, hysteria ; skin diseases, such as
lichen, prurigo, urticaria, scrofula, rickets,
and haemorrhoids in weak people.
Franzensbad, sometimes called Franzens-
brunnen, has an altitude of 1,560 feet, and a
population of but 1,200; with some 14,000
visitors, mostly of the female sex, during the
season. Chlorotic girls and pale women are
in the great majority here. The springs are
on an elevated plateau, but the country
around is not attractive, and has but little
58
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
of the beauty of Marienbad for instance.
Living is very quiet, not to say dull, and is
not cheap. The climate is cool, and owing
to the elevation, is variable ; but it is healthy
and airy. The park is a very fine one, and
covered ways are provided for the rainy
days, and for exercise. Some interesting
promenades are those to Ludwigshohe, Sto-
drerhohe, and the ruins of Castle Eger.
English Church. — Service at the Hotel
Konigs-Villa.
Physicians. — Drs. Klein, Steinschneider,
Egger, Loimann and Sommer.
Hotels. — Grand Hotel, Post, Holzer, Hub-
ner, Konigs-Vilk, and British Hotel.
Marienbad.
Route. — 905 miles from Paris, E. of
F.R.R., via Strasburg and Eger, thirty
hours ; 115 francs. From London, ^5 9s.
Waters. — There are eight cold alkaline-
sulphated springs with iron, fifty-two degrees
F. natural temp., heated for baths. The
water is limpid, and without smell, giving a
sharp salt taste, but is not very disagreeable.
PURGATIVE WATERS.
59
It is called the cold Carlsbad, and it is much
stronger in Glauber's salts than the last wells,
but contains more iron, so that while it is
more purgative than Carlsbad, it is tonic.
It acts also as a diuretic, sudorific, aperitive,
and it is considered sedative to the nervous
system.
ThcrapaUics. — Obesity is the great speci-
ality here, and all venous congestions : con-
gestive headache, haemorrhoids in strong
subjects, catarrhal dyspepsia, syphilis, gout,
gravel, biliary calculi, and intestinal obstruc-
tion ; female diseases.
A fter cure. — Great attention must be paid
to diet after the cure for obesity, as the fat
will return very rapidly.
Marienbad is in a beautiful broad valley,
enclosed by pine clad hills, at altitude 1,912.
The population is 2,000; number of visitors,
20,000. It is only a short distance from
Carlsbad. The climate is that of central
Germany, the barometer averaging 702.95
mm. The air is fresh and bracing, but mild
and constant in summer, during the season.
The health of the place is excellent, and it
6o HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
seems protected from epidemics. It is a
great station for corpulent men and women,
but they give milk, whey, pine-cone, and
carbonic gas baths, as well as the purgative
water treatment. A new colonnade allows
of exercise during wet days, and the electric
light is now used in the town. There are
many English and American visitors. There
is a theatre and a fine concert hall, with good
reading-rooms.
English and Scotch Church service.
The surrounding country is decidedly in-
teresting. The top of the Podhorn, 2,750
feet, affords extensive views of the Bohemian
forests, in which there are miles of delightful
walks. Mecsery Temple and the Abbey of
Tepl, nine miles out, must be seen as well
as the Belvidere.
Physicians. — Drs. Lucca, David, Schindler-
Barnay, Lucker.
Hotels, — Imperial, Weimar, Englischer
Hof, Klinger and Casino.
(For fuller local information write to the
Burgermeisteramt,^
6i
INDIFFERENT WATERS
Gastein.
]^oute.—J^^ miles from Paris, E. of
F.R.R., via Munich to Lend; then drive
through the Klamm-Pass for four hours,
thirty-seven hours; 130 francs. From Lon-
don, £6.
Waters,— Th^y are simple thermal, or
indifferent hot springs, and have no taste or
smell. They are said, incorrectly, to con-
tain electricity. They have but a minimum
of mineral constituents; nevertheless they
are a curious example of feebly mineralized
water, havmg a real physiological action,
producing strong sedation of the nervous
system.
Therapeittics.—Th^s^ waters are called the
old folks' baths, as they seem to be the
natural remedy for the decay of old age,
and general debility. Nervous diseases,
62
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
locomotor ataxy, impotence, spermatorrhoea,
neuralgia, hysteria, hypochondria, and all
forms of weakness. Gout.
Coiitra-indications. — Fever and acute affec-
tions in general.
Bad Gas^ein.—Thls is a village of only
forty-six houses, in the high Austrian Alps,
Duchy of Salzburg; at an altitude of 3,135
feet, between two mountains, the Graukogel,
7,800 feet, and the Stubnerkogel, 6,000 feet.
There is a magnificent waterfall, height 270
feet, and very grand mountain scenery. The
climate is the result of the geographical situa-
tion. For the last forty years Dr. Proell has
taken meteorological observations, and his
experience is that Gastein has one of the
coolest and most salubrious of climates."
The showers are frequent, as is natural in
the mountains, but they do not last long, and
for use in this weather there are fine and
large glass covered galleries. The season is
from May to September. The walks are
hilly, but care has been taken to put plenty
of benches to rest upon. Life is quiet here,
as the frequenters are nervous and elderly
INDIFFERENT WATERS.
63
people, and the object is soothing and seda-
tive. There is good music.
Physicians,~X}rs. Proell (speaks English),
Bunzel, Schider (speaks English).
Hotels. — Schloss, Strauberger, Hirsch,
Grabenwirth.
N.B. — It is necessary to write some time
ahead for rooms during the summer season.
Local Guides in English. — Consult Dr.
Prodi's Gastein, its Springs and Climate,"
C. Ceroids Son, Vienna, 1891.
Teplitz-Schonau.
Route. — 820 miles from Paris, N. F.R.R.,
via Cologne and Dresden (five hours from
Dresden), thirty-two hours; 124 francs. From
London, £6.
Waters. — These thirteen hot alkaline
springs (75° to 120° Fah.) contain some car-
bonate of soda, and form another of the
very remarkable group of indifferent waters,
which, notwithstanding their feeble mineral-
ization, give most excellent results in the
treatment of disease. They are mostly used
64
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
as baths, and every advantage is taken of the
heat of the v^aters to act by stimulating the
circulation, even causing revulsion. The
mud or peat baths given help this action.
Dax and Plombieres in France resemble
Teplitz.
Therapeutics. — From the above it v^ill be
seen that rheumatism, gout, stiffened joints,
sciatica, anchylosis, &c., would be the diseases
treated. They have also a reputation for
gun-shot v^ounds and scrofulous gland swell-
ings.
TepFtz or Tdplitz. — This is a most popular
Bohemian bath, and has been used for cen-
turies. There are no less than nine large
bath establishments. The word Teplitz is old
Slavonic, meaning warm baths. It is in the
valley of the Bela ; altitude, 700 feet ; popu-
lation, 14,000. The visitors number some
30,000, of whom a large number are Rus-
sians. The village of Schonau is now one
with Teplitz, and it is becoming popular, but
it is rather a smoky place, by reason of the
peat burnt in the factories. The town is not
su dear as Carlsbad, and if it is small, it b
INDIFFERENT WATERS.
65
lively, having a fine Kiirgarten, a Schloss- Gar-
ten, and concerts. The climate is pleasant
in summer, although variable, but late and
early in the season it is very cold. The table
waters used here are the famous Austrian
Vichy waters, called Bilin and Krondorfer.
The parks and gardens are fine, and the ex-
cursions into the Erz and Mittel mountains
are interesting. Here we are near the
curious and beautiful region called " Saxon
Switzerland." Eichzvald is near by also,
where so many pulmonary invalids go for
the air and milk cures. The Schlossberg,
1,280 feet in elevation, gives a fine view.
Physicians. — Drs. Kraus, Hirsch, Baumeis-
ter, Langstein, Lieblein, Mandel, and Stein.
Hotels. — Post, Roi de Prusse, London,
Bahnhof, Kronprinz, and Schwarzes Ross.
Prices vary with the season, and the custom
is to charge by the week.
After-cure. — It is customary to advise
going to the seaside after these baths, in
order by using salt water bathing to harden
the skin after the debility produced by the
heat.
66
IRON-ARSENICAL WATERS.
Levico.
Route, — This place is reached by driving
fifteen miles in three and a-half hours from
Trient, a station on the Great Brenner Pass,
R. R. between Verona and Innsbruck.
£6 14s. from London.
Waters. — These extraordinary springs rise
at Vetriolo, and similar waters are found at
Roncegno, five miles from Levico. They
contain arsenic, iron, and even copper, in
large quantities, and are really strong mineral
solutions, rather than waters as we usually
understand them. They are dark in colour,
and are given in tea and tablespoonful doses
diluted in milk or plain water. They are
even used for hypodermic injection, and are
recognized in English therapeutical works.
Therapeutics. — Surprising results are
claimed in anaemia, women's diseases, skin
IKON-ARSENICAL WATERS.
67
complaints, eczema, lichen, psoriasis, &c., as
well as in malaria and rheumatism.
Levico is called the town of Trentin, and
is about fifteen miles from Trent on the
Brenta. Altitude 1,500 feet, population
7,000. It now has a new bath establishment,
with eighty rooms and 120 marble baths.
The baths are diluted, and vaseline is used
afterwards to rub on the skin, such is the
strength of the waters. The mud and grape
cures are used here also. The season is
June to September, and so far the place is
cheap. It has been frequented by Italians,
but from its importance is now visited by
people of all nations. The excursions into
Tyrol are very interesting. The cavern of
St. Dominico at Vetriolo is 220 yards long,
and the place is nearly 5,000 feet above
sea-level.
Physicians. — Drs. Pacher and Arenini,
Medical Director, Dr. Sartori.
Hotels. — Grand H. Cagliari, Bath's.
68
CLIMATIC HEALTH RESORTS.
Arco.
This pretty place is in Southern Tyrol, four
miles from Riva, and is reached by the
Brenner line from Innsbruck. £6 14s. from
London. It is at the head of Lake Garda,
and is sheltered by the mountains around it
more than any place in Northern Austria.
It claims to be a winter resort, and it cer-
tainly has a dry atmosphere, with a very
small rainfall and absence of dust-storms, so
that those who are in this part of Europe
would be sure to find a better climate at Arco
than in the rest of the Empire. It is indeed
a bracing place, with a good amount of fair
weather, but it must not be supposed to be
warm. Compressed air treatment is used, as
well as massage and electricity. Dr. CErtel's
exercise cure is well given here. The season
is September to May.
CLIMATIC HEALTH RESORTS. 69
Physicians. — Drs. Althammer, Schreiber,
and Schider (speaks English).
Hotel, — Kurhaus Arco.
Abbazia.
This winter place and sea bath in the
southern part of Austria, near Fiume, is
reached from Vienna in thirteen hours. Ab-
bazia is in latitude N. 45' 20', protected by
the Monte Maggiore, and surrounded by
great laurel groves. It is in the midst of
beautiful scenery, and suitable for heart dis-
eases, asthma, emphyseme, scrofula, nervous
diseases, and convalescence.
The climate is always warmer than the
north, like the climate of Nice is, but not so
dry as it. The mean annual temperature is
57"" Fahr., the mean atmospheric pressure is
760 mm.
The winter season is from November to
May, the sea-bathing season from June to
November. The Adriatic Sea has more salt
in it than the Atlantic, so that the baths are
70
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
of great value. The temperature is 64°-78°
Fahr.
Hydrotherapy, milk and grape cures are
used, as well as massage and electricity ;
Dr. Oertel's exercise cure is well given here.
Physicians. — Drs. Professor Glax, Am-
brosz, Eltz, Szemere, Szigeti, Szontagh,
Tamaro, Tripold.
y7^/^/y._ Archduchesse Stephanie, Quar-
nero, with dependances and villas, owned by
the Austrian Southern Railway Company.
Meran.
l^he town of Meran is charmingly situated
in the valley of the Adige, and forms, with
the adjoining villages of Obermais and Un-
termais, a celebrated winter and spring health
resort. ^7 its. 6d. from London. It is
seventeen miles from Botzen, about twenty-
nine hours from Paris, 125 francs, twenty-
CLIMATIC HEALTH RESORTS. 7 1
five from Berlin, and twenty from Vienna.
The best approach is by Munich, thence
to Innsbruck and Botzen. The altitude
of Meran is 1,050 feet, that of Obermais
is 1,200 feet. The place is protected by
mountains that rise 10,000 feet above, and
it is surrounded by grand old walnut and
chestnut trees. Its climatic advantages are
considerable. It may be said to be a cold,
dry, well-sheltered tonic and sunny winter
climate. It must not be supposed to be a
warm place, as it has a pretty severe winter,
but it is dry, having only fifty-five rainy days
in the year, and only eleven in the winter.
On a bright day, when the sun is shining,
the temperature will mount to 60° Fahr., and
one can go skating in a light coat. The
mean temperature is 41°, 67° in winter. It
has seven or eight days of snow, and is
quite free from dust, while the winds are
not strong. The population is 3,000, and
number of visitors, 10,000. The sanitation
is good, the death-rate only six per 1,000.
It is the great place for the grape cure in
September, and has a milk and whey cure
72
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
in April, as well as an herb cure. Then a
speciality is made of treatment by variations
of air pressure in pneumatic air-chambers, in
the Kurhaus, which is well-fitted with steam,
electric and other baths. Massage is much
used, and under Professor Oertel's direction,
the gradual ascents, and the steep roads
about the town have been marked off, num-
bered, and maps made of them to serve for
his exercise cure.
Therapeutics. — Asthma, emphysema, phthi-
sis (when the patient likes cold air, and is
not subject to haemoptysis), scrofula, gout,
obesity, nervous diseases and convalescence.
Contra-indi cations. — Very old, weak and
delicate people would certainly feel the cold
here too much, and persons with weak cir-
culation could not stand it.
Grape Cure, — Some two pounds of grapes
daily are the usual treatment, but this is not
so agreeable as it might seem. The fruit
irritates the gums and mouth so that a weak
solution of soda has to be used after eating
them.
Physicians. — Drs. Braitenburg, Fischer,
CLIMATIC HEALTH RESORTS. 73
Hirschfeld, Huber, Kittel, Kuhn. Ladurner,
Proell (of Gastein), Messing, Schreiber, and
Veninger.
Hotels. — Habsburger Hof, Tyroler Hof,
Erzherzog, Johann.
English Guide- Books. — Dr. Schreiber s
Meran, a Health Resort," and Meran,
Health Resort for Invalids'* (Potzelberger,
printer, Meran).
Vienna.
The capital city of Austria is 840 miles
from Paris, 185 francs; forty-eight hours, 190
francs by R.R. From London, £^ 4s. Its
population is 1,250,000. It is in lat. 48° 13°
N. Long. 16° 22" E. Its climate is cold
in winter and hot in summer. Snow falls
abundantly, and rain and frost are frequent,
so that it cannot be recommended as a
health resort. But the city has been greatly
improved in late years by the erection of
new hotels, gardens and squares, with wide
streets that are well-lighted, cheerful and
healthy. From a medical point of view
Vienna is very important, owing to its splen-
74 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
did General Hospital in the Alserstrasse,
with 2,500 beds, and many distinguished
physicians. We give a list of Vienna's cele-
brated specialists whom patients may need to
consult. Fees vary.
Surgeons. — Prof. Albert, Maximilian-Platz,
7. Prof. V. Mosetig, Fleischmarkt, i. Prof.
V. Dittel, Alserstrasse, 4. Prof. Hofmokl
and Weinlechner.
Physicians. — Prof. Nothnagel, Rathhaus-
gasse, 13. Prof. Oser. Prof. Neusser. Dr.
Drasche. Dr. Augustus Kosak, Nibelungen-
Gasse, 7.
Skin Diseases. — Professors Neumann,
Lang and Kaposi. Dr. Hebra.
Eye Diseases. — Prof. Fuchs. Prof. Stell-
wag. Prof. V. Reuss. Prof. Bergmeister.
Ear Diseases. — Professors Politzer and
Grube. Dr. Bing.
Wome7i s Complaints. — Professors Chro-
back, Braun, Schauta.
Nervous Diseases. — Professors Benedict,
Krafft-Ebing, Obersteiner and von Wagner.
Children s Diseases. — Professors Wider-
hofer. Baron, Monti and Kassowitz.
Throat Diseases. — Professors Schrotter,
Stoerk and Chiari.
CLIMATIC HEALTH RESORTS.
75
Baths and Hydrotherapky. — Prof. Winter-
nitz.
Hotels. — Imperial, Golden Lamb, Grand,
Metropole, National, Continental, Archduke
Charles.
Local Guides in English. — See Guides to
Europe.
N.B. — See Physician's Directory for full
list and addresses.
Belgium and Holland.
Belgium is between 40" 27' and 51° 31' N.
lat. , and 2° 37' and 6° long. It has a climate
somewhat like England, but colder in winter,
and with more frost and snow from Novem-
ber to April, while it is not so damp and
foggy. The mean temperature is 51°, with
197 wet days and sixty foggy ones. The
rainfall is about twenty-six inches.
Holland is lower than Belgium, and with
its canals is marshy. It is moist and foggy,
while in winter the cold is considerable, the
Zuider Zee being often frozen over. 158 wet
days ; twenty-seven inches annual rainfall.
In these countries there are few watering-
places that are frequented by English-speak-
ing- people.
76
IRON WATERS.
Spa.
Route. — 248 miles from Paris, N. of
F.R.R. ; eight hours ; forty-five francs ; three
hours from Brussels. From London, vi^
Dover, Lille, 2s. 6d.
The Waters, — These are cold, ferrugin-
ous, bi-carbonated, gaseous springs that have
been known for ages. There are eight wells
of clear, sparkling water, without special
taste, which contain important ferruginous
principles, making these springs one of the
best iron waters in Europe. They are
diuretic and chalybeate, and cause consti-
pation. Peat and other baths are used.
Therapeutics. — Anaemia and chlorosis, leu-
corrhoea and functional utererine troubles,
dyspepsia, hysteria, heart diseases.
Contra-indicatio7is. — Constipation, conges-
tion and haemorrhages.
IRON WATERS
Spa IS in a deep valley on the Wayay,
seventeen miles from Aix-la-Chapelle in Ger-
many. It has fine walks on the pine-clad
hills around it. The population is 7,000 ;
there are 8,000 visitors ; the altitude is 1,000
feet. The climate is good in fine weather,
but the valley being low, whenever there is a
storm around it is sure to settle over Spa.
The season is May to October. The sanita-
tion is excellent. The manufactories, which
are so common in Belgium, are not found
here. Notice the bread, which is even
superior to that of Vienna. The baths
are in a fine building, and they are among
the most delightful in Europe. The clear
sparkling water forms bubbles on the skin,
and it seems like bathing in champagne. The
walks are very good — long lanes that lead to
the pine forests ; the Promenade de Sept
Heures, All^e le Marteau, Annette and
Lubin mountains, Franchmont ruins, &c.
Excellent horse-back riding can be done here
on good ponies. Many English frequent the
place.
English Church. — Rev. J. Harrison.
78
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Scotch Church. — The Rev. — Affleck.
Physicians. — A. M. Cafferata* (English),
and Dr. de Damseau.
Hotels. — Bellevue, Flandre, York, Pays-
Bas, Des Bains, Brighton Hotel.
Bookseller. — J. Engel, opposite Pouhon
Spring.
English Book. — Dr. Cutler's Notes on
Spa.
* Dr. Cafferata is in Brussels in winter : 56, Rue
Crespel.
79
SEASIDE RESORTS.
OSTEND.
Fare from London, its. 3d.; via
Dover, direct steamer, 12s. 6d.
This sea bathing place is in West Flanders,
on the North Sea, sixty miles east of Dover,
and seventy-five miles from Brussels. The
air is fme and bracing, while the sands are
extensive, and every facility is afforded for
good sea bathing in summer. The town is
expensive, popular and fashionable. The
King resides here in summer, and it is quite
a resort for pleasure and amusement. There
is an immense sea-wall or digue that forms
a capital promenade. The population is
25,000, and there are as many as 60,000
visitors from June to the end of September.
English Church. — Rue Longue.
Physicians. — Drs. Gerard, Janssen and
Van Dyl.
8o HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Holland.
Seaside. — Scheveningen, near The Hague.
These sea baths are the only ones that are
much known to the EngHsh and American
people, and, indeed, the only resort that we
feel called upon to mention in the country.
Season from ist June till ist October.
A fine, sandy beach, part of which keeps
always dry. They are surrounded by large
woods of pine and oak. The soil is a sandy
one.
Average temperature of the water is 64°
F., and of the air 68' F.
There is a magnificent Kursaal and Grand
Hotel Kurhaus, with terraces facing the sea,
where every day two concerts by the Phil-
harmonic Orchestra are given.
The bathing arrangements are excellent.
The public is a very aristocratic one. In
1893 royal families made here a bathing-
cure. English sanitation.
The climate is bracing, and with the sea
baths most successful in cases of scrophulo-
sis, aniemia, convalescence, chlorosis, neuras-
SEASIDE RESORTS
8l
thenia, nervosism, weakness, and female
diseases.
Three E^iglish Churches in The Hague.
Physician. — VV. Trancken, M.D. of the
Paris Faculty, medical director of the sea-
bathing Station, winter in Mentone, Riviera.
Speaks English.
Hotels. — Hotel Kurhaus, Hotel d'Orange,
Hotel Galleries, Garni, Rauch.
France.
The climate of France is temperate. In
the north it resembles that of Great Britain,
but it is not quite so rainy. The centre has
a model temperate climate, while the south
has a mild atmosphere similar to that of
Florida, but is dryer.
The lat. is between 42"^ 32' and 51° 5' north.
Rain falls on about 140 days ; the mean
annual temperature is 51° in the north. The
south has 1 10 rainy days, and a mean annual
temperature of 58^ Paris has a variable
climate with a mean annual temperature of
51° ; 147 rainy days, and seventeen days with
4
82
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE,
snow or hail. The snow never lies long,
certainly not over one day in the city parts.
There is but little fog. In this respect, and
as to its climate in general, Paris is much
superior to London.
France is the most highly endowed country
in Europe in the matter of health resorts,
containing as it does over i,ooo mineral
spring stations, many of them with very com-
plete arrangements and great reputation, as
well as many celebrated winter and seaside
resorts. Many of the mineral water places
add Les Bains" to the name to distinguish
it from the town, or from other places in the
country having a similar name. V ery often
the village called by the name is a few miles
from Les Bains^ or the Baths. Or again,
" Les Eaux," the w^aters," after a name is
used for the same purpose, and also refers to
places where the waters are mostly employed
as a drink, and not so much for bathing-
purposes.
B3
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
Aix-Les-Bains. (Savoy, France.)
Routes and Fares. — From Paris by
P. L. M. R. R., via Macon, 361 miles. The
9 p.m. express takes nine hours, arriving at
6.30 a.m. The 8.55 a.m. day express arrives
at 7.14 p.m., both without change of cars.
First class fares are 65 francs (13 dollars,
£2 I2S.). Second-class is 44 francs (8 dollars,
£\ 15s. 6d.). The trains .have second-class
carriages.
Geneva, — Via Culoz, is three hours train.
Ten francs (8s., 2 dollars), first-class.
Turin, — Direct by train, is six hours, 25
francs (5 dollars, ^i), first-class.
London is eighteen hours in all, sixteen-
and-half train and one hour and a-half stop
in Paris. Fare, first-class, 137 francs (27
dollars, ^5 los.).
The fashionable and popular watering
84
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
place called Aix-les- Bains (pronounced " Ex-
lay-Ban ") is on the great railway line Paris
to Italy and Switzerland.
It is situated in the middle ot a large and
picturesque valley in the Alpine Savoy district
of France. Its altitude is 823 feet above sea
level, and 90 feet above Lake Bourget.
The town is surrounded by hills and
mountains of easy ascent. On the south is
Mont Grenier with the Chartreuse Monas-
tery. On the west is the Dent du Chat
(Cat's Tooth Mountain) while to the east is
the Grand Revard and Nivolet Mountains.
Aix is a pleasant and healthy place of resi-
dence, large sums having been spent in
drainage works, and in supplying the town
with pure water. The sanitation is excellent,
owing to the great quantity of water coming
from the overflow of the baths which is used
for flushing the sewers. It is also on this
account that there are no disagreeable ex-
halations remarked like those in many of the
sulphur spring stations. The climate is soft
and mild. The average temperature being
55' F. during the year. The mean summer
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
8s
temperature is 70° F., but occasionally it
rises as high as 78° to 80° F., in July and
August. This heat is felt very much by the
English, who come from a damp cold climate,
but most Americans would think very little of
such a temperature, as they have it much
hotter in summer at home. June and Sep-
tember are delightful months at Aix-les-
Bains. The thermometer then ranges from
65° to 70° F., and the air is bright, pleasant
and sunny. The vegetation of this part of
Savoy is nearly the same as the south of
France, but the air is not so dry. The
near-by mountains cause a certain number
of showers in summer, just as in all high
regions. There is a marked difference be-
tween Aix and the Riviera as regards sleeping.
Owing to the excellent atmospheric conditions
people rest well here, while in the south the
exciting air tends to produce insomnia in
nervous patients. There is no cretinism or
goitre seen in Aix, like that of the Swiss
Mountains. The population is about 6,000,
but nearly 35,000 visitors come here during
the year besides the regular residents.
86 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
With these healthy conditions, and its
valuable mineral waters, whose curative pro-
perties are now so well-known, we must add
the beauty of its scenery, mountain and lake
climate, with the change to pure air and rest
from work, as valuable adjuncts to the treat-
ment at Aix.
The Waters of Aix-les-Bains.
Like m.any other mineral spring stations in
Europe, this one was known and used by
the Romans in ancient times, many relics are
found of their occupation of the place.
The springs are Sodio-Calcareo-StilphiL-
retted hot ones two in number, having a
temperature of 114'' to 117° F. One of the
springs was called " The Alum,'' but they
differ very little in quality, and may be
considered and used as one. They yield
over one million gallons of water daily,
and its most important chemical elements
are: Sulphuretted Hydrogen; Carbonic acid
and free Nitrogen gas ; Hyposulphites and
Carbonates of Calcium, with some Chlorides.
Finally, we must mention the existence, or
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
87
possibly the production of electricity during
the use of the baths. There are traces also
of Iodides and Bromides in the waters of
these springs, as well as other substance, such
as the curious organic matter called Bar(^~
giner The water is easy of digestion, but
Aix is not the usual water drinking station
seen in many places, where boys and maidens
dressed in fancy costumes, hand up glasses of
mineral water to eager patients. The water
here is so plentiful that it is allowed to flow
freely from public fountains, where it can be
drunk gratis. There is also a special Spigot
in the bath establishment where the water
comes direct from the springs. It must not
be supposed that this free drinking precludes
the use of the water internally. It is con-
sidered highly beneficial to drink the hot
sulphur waters of Aix. English medical
writers speaking of the use of mineral waters
say that springs of the class of Aix have the
advantage of being thermal, or hot, and act
on the system by diluting the blood tempo-
rarily, and lowering the percentage of urates,
and sodium salts. This tends to retard
88
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
uratic precipitation and gives the kidneys
time to overtake their arrears in the task of
eliminating uric acid. We shall not dwell
here on the therapeutic action produced by
drinking the Aix waters, except to say that
it is certainly powerful in its good influence
over disease.
The Thermal Establishment. — This hand-
some massive stone bath house is one of the
finest in Europe. It belongs to the French
Government, and is under the Ministry of
the Interior, who also direct the Hygiene,
LOCAL VAPOUR BATHS.
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
and Public Assistance departments in France.
The building contains two immense swim-
ming baths called ''Piscines four smaller
swimming baths, about fifty single baths, fifty
douche rooms with massage, six '' Bouillons
or vapour rooms, five " BhtvesJ' or hot dry
air rooms, two " Caisses,'' or general vapour
baths, and four local vapour applications
called '' Berthollei sT
Some 2jOOO douches and i,ooo baths can
be, and often are, given daily during the
season. The pressure of the water varies
according to the height of the bath in the
building. The ground floor ones having
fourteen metres ; first floor, nine, and the
second floor, six metres ; so that the doctors
have at their command pressure, temperature
(hot and cold to a degree), with a complete
set of hydrotherapeutic apparatus.
The Douche Massage. — One of the most
important applications of the Aix waters is
the massage or shampooing of the patient
while under the hot sulphur water. This is
done here with a perfection that does not
exist elsewhere in the world. The men and
90
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
women who perform it have had their art
handed down to them for many years, as
their fathers and mothers have been mas-
seurs'' or massettses'' before them. The
Aix waters have an unctuous quaHty which
makes them particularly adapted to rubbing
and kneading the muscular structures that is
not found in other waters.
THE DOUCHE MASSAGE.
The Douche-Massage is given as follows : —
The patient is placed on a wooden stool,
and the attendants pour the Water over the
body from a hose while, at the same time,
they shampoo, knead and rub according to
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
91
the directions given by the physician who
accompanies the patient to the douche the
first time to give instructions as to tempera-
ture, force, duration and pressure on particu-
lar parts. This speciaHty of massage under
water has nothing in common with the dry
massage or that practised with ointments
elsewhere.
Whey and milk cures, and electricity by
the use of the continuous current, is often
combined with the Aix and Marlioz mineral
water treatment. The indications as to diet
vary so much during the course and with each
patient, that only a physician, after a thorough
examination of every case, can properly give
correct diet tables.
The Bath Chairs. — Another speciality of
this station is the carrying home of the
patient after the douche. The custom is to
walk to the bath house (although the patient
may be carried to it if desired) ; the hotel
servant carries a blanket and linen to the es-
tablishment, which is furnished without extra
charge by the hotels. The bather having
disrobed in the dressino- room attached to the
92 * HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
douche, enters the bath, and the usual clothing
is returned to the hotel by the servant. After
the douche and rubbing down, the patient is
carefully wrapped in the blanket, which has
been warmed in a gas oven in the mean-
time, and the bath chair having been brought
into the dressing room, the patient is put into
it, and carried to the hotel, up to his room,
THE BATH CHAIRS.
where he is deposited in bed and left to per-
spire a certain time, when he is again rubbed
down by the attendant, or by himself, and
resumes his usual attire in time for breakfast.
This we consider an important part of the
Aix treatment. How much harm is done
and how many colds are caught elsewhere
by the usual method of taking baths and then
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
93
dressing quickly in hot dressing rooms, and
walking home with the pores of the skin
open, while the weather may be cold or wet.
Marlioz.
These important sulpho-sodic and bromo-
iodurated mineral water springs, are really
within Aix-les-Bains itself, as Marlioz is only
fifteen minutes' walk by a fine shaded avenue,
while tramways run to it constantly. It is
situated within a pretty park in the suburbs
of Aix. The springs are three in number,
and they are compared to the sulphur waters
of the Pyrenees, like Eattx Bo7tnes, but they
are stronger in mineral elements than this
spring. The temperature is 57° F., and they
yield 50,000 quarts daily. The establish-
ment contains two inhalation rooms, ten
fine spray apparatus, nasal and pharangeal
douches, and a good bathing department.
It is here that the throat and nose troubles
are treated with those of the respiratory
organs mentioned under " Diseases Success-
fully Treated."
These waters forma most valuable adjunct
94
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
to the Other courses of treatment given in
Aix. Owing to the alkahnity of the MarHoz
waters, drinking them has an important in-
fluence upon the treatment of gout and rheu-
matism, because of their alkaline action on
the bladder, perspiration and the other secre-
tions. Chlorosis and anaemia often derive
more benefit from this class of sulphur waters
than they do from the pure iron springs,
Challes and St. Simon.
Challes is reached from Chambery which
is twenty minutes by rail from Aix. A tram-
way runs out to the station from the last-
named town in half-an-hour. The cold
sulphur waters of Challes are among the
strongest known. They are supplied at Aix
at the chemists, or drug stores from foun-
tains, and this water is used by Aix phy
sicians in conjunction w'ith the Aix treatment
in certain diseases, especially skin and scro-
fulous affections. They should be taken in
very small quantities at a time, owing to their
strong mineral properties.
St, Simon is a mineral spring in the
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
95
environs of Aix, about a mile out on the
other side, on what is called the Geneva
Road. It contains a small quantity of lime
and magnesia and is used for drinking only,
in certain bladder troubles.
Diseases successfully treated at Aix-les-
Bains and Marlioz. — We give here a simple
enumeration only, while stating that it is the
chronic forms of maladies that should be sent
here, we leave to the home physician the
task of judging each special case.
First, all the chronic articular and mus-
cular forms of rheumatism. All torpid and
lymphatic diseases. Neuralgia, sciatica, lum-
bago, pleurodynia, nodosity of joints, rheu-
matic gout, and gout of a chronic articular
nature. Gonorrhoeal rheumatism, skin di-
seases, such as eczema, acne, lichen, psoria-
sis, prurigo, syphilis. Surgical troubles, such
as old sprains, fractures, firearm wounds,
atrophy and retraction of muscles. Paralysis,
both local, hysterical and lead forms. Hemi-
plegia and paraplegia. Chronic catarrhal
affections, laryngitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis,
ozaena, herpes of pharynx, bronchitis, asthma,
96
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
as well as the catarrhs of the digestive,
uterine and urinary passages, women's di-
seases, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, vagi-
nitis, hseniatocele, metritis, leucorrhoea, and
change of life, diabetes, obesity, myxoedema,
anaemia, and chlorosis, neurasthenia, ataxia,
hysteria and certain forms of other nervous
troubles.
The Thei^apeutical Action of the Waters
of Aix-les-Bains. — The wonderful cures ob-
tained here are explained as follows : —
There is produced an energetic stimulation
of the cutaneous surface which results as it
were in a purgation of the skin, making it
eliminate whatever excrementitious matters
that have been retained in the organism. It
also relieves at the same time, any conges-
tion of the deeper parts or organs, while
giving a stimulus to the circulation in
general. To this must be added the effects
of the mineral elements in the waters taken
into the system and blood, both by drink-
ing and inhaling them during the bath or
douches.
We must add a word of warning to
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
97
patients who are disposed to take these
powerful massage douches without advice,
as harm can result from an injudicious use
of them. Some people insist on the Mas-
seurs giving them a vigorous treatment when
they have no proper power of reaction, so
that they simply exhaust themselves and
produce a state of feverish debility and weak-
ness, whilst under proper medical direction
the same persons could derive great benefit
from the Aix waters scientifically used.
Best Season for the Course, and its Dura-
tion.— The bathing establishment is open all
the year round, but the Aix doctors do not
advise patients to come here before May
nor to remain after October. English visi-
tors rather prefer cold weather, and they
often arrive for the baths in May, and return
again in September. Americans come dur-
ing the whole season, but prefer the summer.
The most fashionable and crowded time is
during July and August. This is true of all
the mineral springs of Europe, and the ques-
tion may be asked if the world in general is
right in flocking in thousands to the baths
98
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
during the hot months ? Certainly severe
rheumatic cases, old people, and those sensi-
tive to cold, must find it best for them to
come at this time, or they would not do so
in such great numbers. We now have the
fresh air and oxygen of the neighbouring
heights within easy reach by the Revard
R. R. so that it is possible to escape from
the occasional hot days of the valley when
not endurable, and the nights are always
pleasant in Aix. The months of May, June
and September, have certain advantages ;
the baths are not so crowded, the air is more
bracing, and reasonable rates prevail.
As to the duration of the treatment : it
has been rather arbitrarily fixed by custom,
at three weeks, or twenty-one days, and
many take about sixteen douches in this
time, with one or two days' rest between, but
this should all depend upon the case. Al-
most every patient demands a careful study
by a competent bath physician who alone
can fix the proper duration and number of
douches.
It may be said, though in a general way,
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS.
99
that many people get sufficient treatment in
three weeks. Some cases require two sea-
sons to cure a chronic malady, but all get
improvement in a single one. It is impor-
tant that the baths and douches be not taken
continuously, brief intervals of rest are essen-
tial to success in the treatment. This is the
experience of the best physicians who have
practised for many years at this station. An
" after cure " of some little time in a cool
mountain resort, such as we now have on the
Grand Revard Mountain, is always advisable.
The Mont Revard : its Double Cog-ivheel
Raihmy. — Notwithstanding the many attrac-
tions of Aix, it was still considered not quite
perfect by some. The Massage treatment
is of itself an energetic exercise, putting as it
does into action many muscles that we do
not use in ordinary walking. The result is
that a certain amount of fatigue is felt after
the douche-massage, and many patients are
not disposed to walk or take other exercise.
Besides this in midsummer from the topo-
graphical position of the town, which we
have already spoken of, it occasionally has
lOO HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
an elevated temperature which is trying to
certain patients, while at the same time very
favourable to their treatment as they are
mostly sensitive rheumatic people.
It was felt that some change of air between
the douches would be of advantage, at least
for those who accompany the patients. And
these combined causes made all to look with
longing eyes to the tops of the high moun-
tains around, where pure cool air was known
to prevail. This led to the idea of a moun-
tain railway like that of the Rhigi, and other
places in Switzerland.
The Grand Revard Mountain towers over
Aix some 4,400 feet, and its summit is 5,100
feet above the sea level. A continuous
double cog-wheel railway was built to its sum-
mit and was opened in August, 1892. It
carried over 1,200 visitors up to the top dur-
ing the first two weeks it was running, and
it is certainly destined to great success in the
future. The total length of the line is 9,200
meters, or about six miles ; the journey up
takes about an hour, but there are stations
every fifteen minutes at different heights.
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS. lOl
The slope is a very gradual one, being i in
2 2 at the most, or about i6 per cent., while
the Rhigi is 25, and the Pilatus is 48. The
system is Abt's, that is, a double line of steel
cogs between the rails that lock into the
centre wheel of the inclined steam engine or
locomotive, thus giving perfect safety. The
line on the Rhigi, which, as we have said
above, is much steeper than this one, has
been in use for 22 years without a single
accident. This new railway will not only be
useful to those who wish to go up and pass
a day at its summit, where there is an im-
mense plateau from which they can enjoy a
view of Mont Blanc, with a superb panorama
of the other mountain ranges, but its several
stations on the road will permit of using any
desired altitude in the treatment of disease.
The idea of a railway up this mountain
was advocated by some physicians at Aix
who saw the advantage of having a climatic
station as well as a thermal one here. Al-
ready ground has been taken up at Pugny
Station on this line, at an elevation of 2,000
feet, at a spot where no fogs come, for the
I02
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
establishment of a Hot el- Sanatorium, Here
the ''air aire'' can be given in all its per-
fection. In making use of this grand thera-
peutical measure it is considered that a
gradual transition to high ground is neces-
sary. Aix already is 823 feet above sea level,
Pugny is 2,000 feet, and the summit of the
Revard 5,000 feet. Careful studies have been
made by physicians and other scientific men as
to the meteorological conditions of the Revard
for several years past, and this mountain has
been found to possess superior advantages for
the air cure to the well-known climatic sta-
tions in Germany, located in the damp hills of
the Taunus, and in the Black Forest, where
notwithstanding the bad climate, excellent
results have been constantly obtained in the
treatment of disease by air. It is therefore
certain that under the good conditions found
on the grand Revard, such as proper eleva-
tion, pure mountain air, protection from wind,
splendid water supply, sunny exposition, and
gravelly soil, that this Alpine region, situ-
ated as it is in the mild climate of central
France, only nine hours from Paris, is des-
SULPHURETTED SPRINGS. IO3
tined to become a most important mountain
health resort.
We do not at this time enter into its many
medical indications, but we wish to add that
Aix is no longer dependant on its neighbour
Switzerland for a mountain ''after cure,'' for
not only is it now possible to combine the
pure high mountain air cure with the hot
sulphur treatment of Aix, but also a stay can
be made in the tonic air on these piny heights
which are free from microbes, in place of
taking fatiguing journeys elsewhere. The
railway company have bought some hunc re Is
of acres of the pine forest on the summit,
which is laid out in a park, and they have
erected a grand hotel in the Swiss style, with
spacious rooms. The views from the veran-
dahs are of unsurpassed beauty. The walks
and promenades on this great mountain
plateau are numerous and beautiful. The
villages of Bauges, St. Francois, Le Noye,
Tour de I'Anglais, and Mont Cluse must be
seen to be appreciated properly.
I04
THE CASINOS OF AIX-LES-BAINS.
Aix has still many more attractions. It is
very different to the thousand and one little
villages all over Europe, that have Mineral
Springs but are insufferably dtill. This
bright little town has two splendid Casinos
or Opera Houses combined with Clubs ;
Music and Ball Rooms as well as Reading
Saloons where all the newspapers of the
world are found on the tables. The most
brilliant, fashionable and gay society throng
these rooms, while the best music, operas and
plays are performed in them daily. There
are also the finest Baccara Saloons where
ladies are admitted, as well as gentlemen.
The Cercle. — This Casino is the oldest,
having been founded in 1824. It is a very
fme building. The theatre having become
too small for the large number of frequenters
to it, a new one is now being built that will
cost a million of francs. The concerts here
THE CASINOS OF AIX-LES-BAINS. IO5
are conducted by M. Colonne, with his cele-
brated Paris Orchestra. These are followed
by grand operas or comedies on the off nights,
with the best prima donnas and artists from
the great theatres of Europe. There is also
a capital Punch and Judy Show for the
children, and frequent illuminations with fire-
works of the large park attached to the
Cercle.
The Villa Des Flenrs. — This club and
theatre is situated in a pretty garden below
the Cercle. Its baccara rooms are said to be
the best decorated ones in Europe. Both of
these casinos have free billiard rooms, fencing-
saloons, croquet, swings, and other games
attached to them. They are open from May
to October.
While the two theatres of the Casinos are
large enough for the wants of a great city, it
must not be supposed that Aix is a large
place. It is still a country town, and a few
minutes takes one out of the streets into
pretty walks up the hills, or down to one of
the ports of the beautiful Lake Bourget,
where steamers provide pleasant excursions
I06 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
on the lake, and the boats good fishing. The
mountain drives are varied and charming.
Large brakes leave the Place Revard daily,
and take one for a very reasonable sum to
the Dent dii chat mountain top ; to Gorger
de Fier, Hautecombe, Moulin de Prime, La
Chainbotte ; while Chambdry, Chalks and the
famous Chaidreitse Convent are only ex-
tensions of these beautiful drives.
An excellent race course open in July and
August, and pigeon-shooting matches, with
lawn tennis in the city park, provides the
attractions dear to robust people.
The hotels of Aix are numerous and
varied ; new ones are being constantly added,
while furnished apartments can be had in pri-
vate villas. Prices are much the same here
as elsewhere in Europe ; good board being
found from about lo francs (dols. 2), 8s., per
day, and less by taking rooms and private
houses and providing oneself with food from
the excellent daily market. As to the grand
hotels, they are some of the finest in Europe,
and their charges are like those of the rest of
the continent, being in proportion to the ac-
tHE CASINOS OF AlX-LES-BAINS. IO7
commodation given. Early in the season
and late, there is always a reduction of rates.
An English Church and Presbyterian Chapel
exist in Aix, with regular Sunday service
during the season.
French doctors do not as a rule speak
other languages, but Aix is an exception, as
almost all of its excellent practitioners speak
English. We give a list of them — Drs.
Bertier, Blanc, Brachet, Cazalis, Coze, Fran-
con, Forestier, Guilland, Legrand, Mace,
M'Roe, Petit, and Vidal. Stanley-Rendal
(E.).
American. — Thomas Linn, M.D., Place
Centrale 1 15.
Hotels, — De 1' Europe, Grand, Nord,
Metropole, Continental, Damesin, Louvre,
Beau-Site, Splendid, Venat Bristol, Chateau
Durieux, and many others.
Restaurants, — At the Cercle, and London
House" at the Villa des Fleurs.
Booksellers. — Bolliet, Mermoz. Dr. Brachet
has a complete work in English on the waters,
and nearly all the other doctors have mono-
graphs on the subject.
I08 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Brides-les-Bains (Savoy).
466 miles from Paris, P.L. M.R.R. to
Albertville, changing at Chambery, one and
a half hours ; 73 francs. From London, £6.
From Albertsville station, twenty miles by
bus, in three hours, to Brides (pronounce
\Breed). The R. R. will be open to Moutiers,
in July, 1893, half an hour by omnibus.
The Waters. — They are sulphato-chlori-
nated, and warm (95°F.) containing a good
deal of carbonic acid gas. They are slightly
styptic in taste, and somewhat acid. Their
properties are tonic and restorative, and
laxative when taken in a certain quantity.
They are also diuretic, and stimulate the
digestive functions.
Therapeutics, — Obstinate constipation, ca-
tarrh of urinary passages, diabetes, uterine
diseases, congestion of liver, obesity ; malaria
of hot climates.
Brides claims to be a sort of French Carls-
bad, but its waters are not so purgative. The
tov/n is situated on the Tarentaise or Upper
Savoy mountains, close to Switzerland ; and
BRIDES-LES-BAINS (sAVOv). IO9
it is quite as good a mountain resort as many
in this last country. The cHmate is fresh and
bracing. The season is from May to October ;
the station is not now difficult of access, and
the value of its waters warrants its being more
used than it is. The altitude is 1,870 feet
above sea. The place, on the banks of the
River Doron, is very pretty. There is some
good fishing. It has also a good casino with
music, and a lawn tennis ground. Salins-
Moutiers is only two miles off, with its saline
springs, like those of Kreuznach and Nauheim,
used for scrofulous children.
Physicians. — Drs. Delastre, Desprez and
Philibert.
Hotels. — Grand Hotel Des Thermes (has
English Church service). Hotel de France,
De Brides.
Books. — Drs. Delastre and Desprez have
monographs on the Waters in English, and
Dr. Philibert one on Obesity. The doctors
speak English.
Allevard (I sere).
417 miles from Paris, P.B. M.R.R. to
Gon^elin, fourteen hours ; 75 francs. From
I lO HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Goncelin station to Allevard, by omnibus in
one hour. Altitude, 1,550 feet. From Lon-
don, ^5 14s. 6d.
The Waters. — They are warm (73^ Fah.),
Calcaro-sulphuretted, giving 882,000 gallons
per day from one well, in which all the waters
centre. They have a stronger smell than
the Aix waters, and the taste is bitter and
astringent ; but patients get accustomed to it
very rapidly. Indeed, it is astonishing that
people so soon get used to drinking all sorts of
mineral water ; it is rare that any one gives
up the treatment at any spring, owing to the
impossibility of taking the waters. This
spring is compared by some writers to Eaux-
Bonnes in the Pyrenees in regard to its
action on the circulation and nutrition. It
acts especially on the mucous membranes and
the skin, and contains more carbonic acid
gas than most of the sulphur springs. There
is a milk and whey cure here also.
Thei^apeittics. — Chronic inflammations of
the throat and larynx, with nasal catarrh,
skin diseases, asthma, leucorrhoea, phthisis.
Contra-indicatioiis. — Like most high moun-
ALLEVARD (isERe).
Ill
tain places, this has a cold morning and even-
ing temperature.
Allevard, on the River Breda, is in the
midst of grand mountains, only twenty-three
miles from Grenoble, with beautiful scenery
and fine excursions to be made on every hand.
Population 3,000. The climate is mild as
compared to Paris, but not so damp. Ex-
cursions to Bout du Monde, Pont du Diable,
2,185 ^'^^t. Sept Lacs, Glacier du Glayzin,
9,200 feet.
Physicians. — Drs. Isoard and Niepce.
Hotels, — Du Louvre, de la Planta, des
Alpes, des Bains.
Uriage (Isi:RE).
403 miles. P.L.M. R.R. (Gare de Lyon)
to Gieres-(near Grenoble), in thirteen and a
half hours ; 74 francs. ^5 i6s. Then a
half-hour's drive in omnibus to Uriage.
The Waters. — They are mixed sulphuro-
chlorinated tepid springs (80° Fah.). There
is also an iron water spring, but the saline
sulphur one is the important spring of the sta-
tion. It is a clear water ; it becomes turbid
112 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
on Standing, and gives a precipitate of a por-
tion of the sulphur. The taste is like most
sulphur waters, but is also salt. The waters
resemble those of Aix-la-Chapelle. In doses
of two glasses per day they are laxative, and
four to six such doses act as a purgative.
They are also tonic and strengthening, while
they produce a marked sedative action on
the nervous system. The spring is under a
covered glass gallery, where the drinkers can
take exercise in rainy weather.
Therapeutics. — Scrofula, ozona, otorrhoea,
caries, necrosis, syphilis, rickets, certain ner-
vous diseases, chronic catarrhs, rheumatism,
eczema, acne, &c., and congestions of liver.
Many children are treated here.
Uriage is really a suburb of Grenoble, being
only eight miles from that city. It' is one of
the pretty valleys seen in the Dauphinese
Alps ; altitude 1,350 feet. It is a very small
place. Nearly all the buildings belong to
the company, and they are divided off into
hotels of various classes, prices varying from
nine to fifteen francs and upwards per day.
The climate is mild, and the place much
URIAGE (iSfeRE).
"3
crowded in the season — May to October.
There is a handsome ''Cercle" where balls
and concerts go on all the season. The ex-
cursions are some of the finest in this splen-
did mountain region. See the Montagne des
Quatre Seigneurs, 3,094 feet, in an hour and
a-half ; fine view ; Chateau d'Uriage, Gre-
noble itself.
Physicians. — Drs. Doyon, Zenlow, Valio
(French).
Hotels. — Write Directeur de I'Etablisse-
ments," Uriage.
Bagneres de Bigorre (Haute Pyr^n^es).
523 miles from Paris, Orleans and S. of
F.R.R., vi^ Bordeaux, direct, all rail, twenty-
two hours, ninety-six francs. From London,
IS. ; altitude 1,860 feet.
Waters. — They are various ; a number of
them are iron and arsenical springs, with a
faint quantity of sulphides. There are no
less than fifty wells at Bagneres of different
degrees of heat, 72" to 82° Fah., including
the valuable rich sulphurous spring called
Labassere. The other are saline, ferru-
ginous and arsenical. The hotter ones are
5
114 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
slightly stimulating arid exciting, and the
others are somewhat diuretic. The place
is useful for hyper-sensitive people, and its
therapeutic indications are very extensive.
Therapeutics. — Anaemia, chlorosis, uterine
troubles, sterility, leucorrhoea, dyspepsia,
chorea, nervous exhaustion, irritable heart,
sleeplessness, gastralgia, paralysis, neuralgia,
hysteria, and many cases of gout are also
benefited.
Bagneres is a large place for a mineral
spring station, so many of them being small
country villages. Here we have a city of
12,000 inhabitants, with a permanent town,
somewhat Spanish looking in appearance.
Formerly many of the English who reside
abroad made it a place where they stayed all
the year round, and it has a pretty English
church, built in 1859. This fell into decay,
but during the last few seasons, since they
have had an English doctor, many English
families have returned to Bagneres. It does
not, however, deserve the name of a winter
resort so much as other places in this region ;
but it has a mild, bracing climate in a charm
BAGNIiRES DE BIGORRE (HAUTE PYRENEES). I I 5
ing situation on the banks of the Adour, in
the beautiful valley of Campan, overlooking
the rich plain of Tarbes, free from cold winds.
It is not in the high Pyrenean mountains, but
just where they begin to rise from the plains,
extending down to the Bay of Biscay. The
residents of Pau come here a great deal in
winter, and more in summer, with many
French and Spanish people. The mean
temperature is 46° 5' ; the rainy days are 147.
It is less humid than Pau and the rest of this
country.
The winter months are clear, dry, bright,
and slightly frosty.
It has a reputation for the cure of insomnia.
A French savant who was cured here says
its name should be chanored from Bao^neres
de Bigorre to Ici on dorf' — here one sleeps.
It is a particularly clean town, and is a
cheerful residence for a long or a short stay.
There is a fine casino and plenty of music.
The excursions are excellent ; most attractive
walks abound. See Coustous, Allee Main-
tenon and Lourdes, with its curious statue
of the Virgin ; and make the ascent to the
Il6 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Pic du Midi, the highest meteorological sta-
tion in Europe, 9,445 feet, going by Bareges.
Although so high, the ascent can be made in
about four hours on horseback.
English Chu7^ch. — The Rev. T. Grundy.
Physician, — (E.) Dr. Middleton.
Bookseller. — L. Pere, Place Strasbourg.
Hotels.— De Paris, Beau Sejour, France,
Thermal.
Bareges.
This station must be mentioned as it gives the
well-known name in France to all sulphur baths
which are known as Bains de Bareges, no matter
where taken. We refer now to the many sulphur
baths given at home in the cities, and which are
made by putting into any water a chemical sulphur
compound, and thus creating an artificial bath of
Bareges. The place itself, like many others that
have given a name to something, is not at all fre-
quented— like Castile soap that is made in Marseilles,
and not at Castile. The truth is, that Bareges is a
barren village about five hours' drive from Bagneres,
over the Col de Tourmalet — the highest carriage
drive in the Pyrenees, and one of the highest in
Europe (7,000 feet above the sea). It can be more
easily approached from Luz Station or Pierrefitte,
BAREGES.
117
by a four hours' drive.* Its situation is dreary, pre-
senting nothing interesting, but it is an ancient
mineral spring that was well-known to Julius Caesar.
Louis XIV. established a mihtary hospital here, and
soldiers are still sent to Bareges to be treated. The
speciality is old wounds and traumatic affections, with
bone diseases and scrofula, as well as old sprains.
Physician. — Dr. Grimaud.
Hotels. — Des Princes, France, Richelieu.
Cauterets (Hautes Pyri^ni^es).
540 miles from Paris. Orleans R.R., via
Bordeaux to Pierrefitte, on S. of F.R.R.
Then, bus or carriage for seven miles drive
up in two hours. Eighteen and half hours,
R.R., 98 francs. From London, £y.
Waters. — They are sodio-sulphuretted hot
and warm springs that are clear in colour
but smell like all the sulphur waters. They
are thought to be milder and more soothing
in their action than Luchon, for instance.
* M. Taine said of Bareges " One must have plenty
of good health to get cured here." The climate is
very variable, great heat alternating with sharp, cold
mists.
Il8 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
One spring, the Mahourat, is considered of
great efficacy in dyspepsia.
Therapeutics. — Among its twenty-four
wells, the great speciality of the place is La
Railliere, which is considered a cure for all
chronic inflammations of the throat and the
air passages. It is used also for phthisis,
catarrhs of the stomach, urethral discharges,
spermatorrhoea, and many other diseases.
Cauterets (pronounced Cottray), population
2,000, is an ancient health resort that had
almost been forgotten, but in late years has
become very popular. The patients who are
there are really ill, and lose no time in
pleasure, but carry out the treatment with
much care, and the doctors give the waters
with the greatest precaution. The gay gam-
bling set that w^e see at Luchon and Aix are
not here. Many actors and actresses, though,
like Sarah Bernhardt and others, have the
greatest faith in the waters, and come here
yearly for the treatment. There are over
25,000 visitors during the summer season,
June to September. The village itself is
small ; altitude, 3,050 feet ; it is in a narrow
CAUTERETS (HAUTES PYRfiN£:ESj. HQ
valley between high mountains. The climate,
as in all such places, is changeable, and rather
damp from the constant storms. It is well
not to go up too early, as snow is often seen
in early June. In all cases take warm cloth-
ing, as the evenings and mornings are cold.
There is the usual casino with large reading-
rooms, &c.
Exatrsions.~To Lacde Gaube, 5,870 feet,
in three hours ; Pont d'Espagne ; the Spanish
border, &c.
Physicians. — Dr. Dehourcau (speaks Eng-
lish), Drs. Bordenave and Flurin.
Hotels. — Continental, France, d'Angle-
terre, Paris.
Bookseller. — A. Gazaux.
Eaux Bonnes (Basses PYRiiNitEs).
446 miles from Paris, Orleans R.R.
Bordeaux and S. of F.R.R., to Laruns
station, then carriage half-an-hour, sixteen
hours; 96 francs. From London, £6 i6s.
Waters, — Warm sulphur springs. These
Good Waters " come from seven springs at
I20 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
a temperature of 90° Fah. They are clear,
rather oily to the feel, and have the usual
sulphur or bad-egg smell ; yet the flavour is
sweetish, so that it is drunk without repug-
nance. The quantity is limited, and not
many baths are taken. The waters are
mostly used internally, and by spray or
gargling. A speciality is made of hot foot-
baths as a revulsion (Dr. Pidoux).
Therapeutics, — The principal maladies
treated here are complaints of the chest,
throat, larynx, and respiratory organs ;
phthisis, torpid form ; chronic bronchitis.
After Cttres. — It is quite common in
France to recommend patients who are deli-
cate in the throat or chest to pass the summer
at these sulphur waters, and the winters at
one of the resorts on the Riviera, while a
short time may be passed in the interval at
the seaside.
Les Eaux Bonnes (pronounced O-Bini) is
at an elevation of 2,460 feet, surrounded by
lofty mountains, in the valley of Ossau. It is
a quiet, agreeable place, frequented by the
seriously ill. It may be recommended as an
EAUX BONNES (bASSES PYRENEES). 12 1
air cure. There is the usual casino and band
of music, reading-room, &c. The climate,
while a mountain one, is considered soothing,
as there is but little wind except during the
thunderstorms, which are inevitable in high
mountain places.
The excursions are one to the Horizontal
Promenade, a sort of balcony on the side of
the hill, then to the Jardin Anglais, and many-
other points in the dark pine-woods around.
The place is frequented by priests and
clergymen for the cure of sore throat.
Actors and singers also abound here, but
not many English people, although it is
only twenty-four miles from Pau.
Physicians. — Drs. Cazaux, Cazenave de la
Roche.
Hotels. — Des Princes, France, Poste, Eu-
rope, Paix.*
LucHON (Haute Garonne).
737 miles from Paris, Orleans R.R. S. of F.
direct ; seventeen hours ; ninety-three francs.
Eaux Chaudes is only six miles by a good carriage
road, but this Hot Water " is not used, in fact, it is
almost deserted. It is a very weak sulphur water.
122 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Or take the line to Toulouse, through Au-
vergne, a much more picturesque route with
splendid scenery ; the same fare, but a little
longer journey. From London, £6 i6s. 6d.
The Waters. — They are sodio-suiphuretted
warm springs, there being over fifty of them,
quite strong in sulphur and iron. These
waters are drank, inhaled, sprayed and gar-
gled, as at the other sulphur stations, but here
they have a special form of application called
humage, which consists of the patients sitting
around an opening leading to the wells, and
directly inspiring the vapours coming from
them, through tubes which come from special
springs. Having tried this method, we can
say that it has decided therapeutic effects.
Therapeutics, — Chronic respiratory affec-
tions, scrofula, syphilis, skin-diseases, gun-
shot wounds and rheumatism.
Luchon, called Bagneres de Luchon, near
the little River Pique, is in one of the most
magnificent valleys of the Pyrenees, and is
often called the " Queen of the Pyrenees."
It certainly is a very beautiful mountain sta-
tion. The place is also very gay. The
LUCHON (haute GARONNE). 1 23
casino has public baccara rooms where
ladies are admitted, as at Aix-les-Bains.
There are more English and Americans here
than at the other stations in this region.
The season is from June to September, and
the climate is of the bracing order, snow last-
ing on the rear hills until late in the spring,
while storms are frequent in summer. Alti-
tude, 2,000 feet ; population, 4,000. Horses
abound here, and it is the custom to go riding
with a guide to the Vallee du Lys, Lac d'or,
Port de Venasque, &c. It is a fine drive of
forty-three miles from here to Bagneres de
Bigorre. In walking over the hill under
which are the springs, some snakes may be
seen ; they are not harmful.
Physicians. — Dr. Ferras, Dr. Fontan and
Dr. Le Juge de Segrais, speak English ; Dr.
de Lavarenne, Dr. Dulac, Dr. Andubert.
Hotels. — Luchon is a charming place, and
somewhat of a gay town of pleasure ; it has
good hotels : Grand Hotel du Casino,
d'Angleterre, Bonne - Maison, Richelieu,
France, Londres, Pare, Des Bains de la
Poste.
124 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Saint-Sauveur (Haute Pyri^n^es).
563 miles from Paris ; Orleans R.R. and S.
of F. to Pierrefitte ; then drive two hours to
Saint-Sauveur ; twenty-two hours; 100 francs.
From London,
Waters. — There are two warm (93° Fah.)
sodio-sulphuretted springs of clear water that
is soft to the touch, and is well borne by
the stomach, owing to the quantity of gas in
it. They are considered to be diuretic, tonic
and anti-spasmodic.
, Therapeutics. — This is the aristocratic
French Ladies' Bath, to which nerveless
women are sent for all sorts of complaints ;
diseases of the womb in general, facial neu-
ralgia, sciatica, hysteria and hypochondria.
Its therapeutic action has been compared to
that of Schlangenbad.
Saint-Sauveur has an altitude of 2,365 feet
above sea-level, and seems to be suspended,
as it were, between the Luz Mountains." It
is a most picturesque station, but is not as
yet frequented by English and American
nervous people, notwithstanding its long-
SAINT-SAUVEUR (hAUTE PYRIiNJ^Es). I 25
Standing reputation for such complaints.
The Emperor Napoleon III. and Empress
Eugenie used to come here. The climate is
mild for a mountain region, and while it is
somewhat subject to mists, it is considered
sedative, and is not so unsettled in summer
as some of the Pyrenean stations. There are
fine excursions to Luz, Bareges, and on to
Cauterets ; also to the Pic du Midi, Pic de
Bergons, Pic d'Aubiste, Gavarnie, and other
high mountain-tops around.
Physicians. — Drs. Blondin, Gaulet, Lafont.
Hotels, — France, Paris, Pare, Bains,
Princes. It will be noticed in France that
there is always a Hotel de France, and it is
very often one of the oldest and best in the
place. Some people live at Luz, which is
only a one-mile drive off
There are also in the Pyrenees a number of other
mineral spring-stations, but they do not have English-
speaking customers, and their arrangements are some-
what primitive. We just mention Saint -Christ en, Cap*
vern^ Ax^ Vernet, Siradan, EncaussCy Ussat, Auliis^ Olette^
126 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Saint-Honor^-Les-Bains (Ni^vre).
193 miles from Paris, in the centre of
France, P.L.M.R.R., to Vandenesse station,
then a five mile drive in one and half hours,
nine and half hours in all ; 37 francs. From
London, ^^4. i6s.
Waters. — There are five springs, giving
220,000 gallons of a clear water, slightly oily
and bitter to taste, but with very little smell
of sulphur. The temperature is 82° Fah.,
and the waters have some arsenic in them.
In the baths the gas bubbles around the
body, and they stimulate the skin. The hot
douche to the feet is a special feature here.
One enters a room dressed, and taking off
shoes and stockings, puts the feet through a
hole in the wall, when from the other side a
douche of the hot water is played upon them
until they are red. This has an excellent
derivative action in throat diseases.
Therapeutics. — Chronic throat diseases,
skin diseases of a moist type, scrofula,
children's diseases, cystitis, metritis, asthma
(bronchial form).
SAINT-HONORfi-LES-BAINS.
127
Saint-Honore is the only sulphur water in
the centre of France, and has been compared
to Eaux Bonnes. It is a pretty Httle place ;
population, 1,500; nearly 1,000 feet above
sea-level, surrounded by the woods of
Morvan. There is the usual casino and
music, with charming walks in the woods,
and drives to Vielle, or Old Mountain ;
Chateau d'Espeuilles, marble quarries, and
the iron-works at Fourchambault. The
climate is mild.
Physicians. — Drs. Odin (speaks English)
and Collin.
Hotels. — Du Morvan, Hardy, Bellevue.
Enghien (Seine-et-Oise).
Seven miles from Paris, N. of F.R.R.
(Gare du Nord) fifteen minutes from Paris,
sixty trains daily, one and half francs. Lon-
don, £1.
Waters. — These cold, calcareo-sulphated
springs, eight in number, are just at the gates
of Paris, and contain more actual sulphur
than the waters in the far-off Pyrenees. But
the latter, naturally hot, contain a substance
128 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
called Baregine, and Enghien has to heat its
waters artificially, which may possibly change
their character. Distance, too, lends enchant-
ment, and the mountains possess a great
attraction in themselves. At the same time,
Enghien is not like many of the dull towns
outside of Paris. It is quite a pretty place,
with a little lake, and an excellent bathing
establishment, with over a hundred baths of
all kinds.
Therapetttics. — These waters are useful,
being a stimulant, tonic and restorative, with
a special action on the skin and mucous mem-
branes of the air passages. They are given
for chronic throat and larynx complaints,
bronchitis, asthma, skin diseases, heart dis-
eases. Enghien has also established in its
bath house electric baths, and the modern
treatment by compressed air, as well as rectal
injections of sulphuretted compounds. In
fact, they claim, according to the microbra
theory, that the products derived from the
waters are efficient therapeutical agents.
Enghien, called Enghien-les-Bains, is a
small town of 2,000 inhabitants, which is
enghip:n (seine-et-oise).
129
agreeable in summer, spring and autumn.
Owing to its low altitude (150 feet), and its
lake, it is rather damp and cold in winter.
Being in the vicinity of Paris, there are
crowds of rough pleasure seekers on Sundays,
but it is otherwise a good, healthy, summer
residence. There are excellent promenades,
and excursions to the forest of Montmorency,
the Hermitage, &c. There is a pretty litde
casino, with balls ; regattas on the lake, and
boating.
Physicians. — Drs. Japhet, Weill. The
Paris doctors are also consulted for these
waters.
Hotels, — Paix, Quatre Pavilions, Bains,
Paris.
PlERREFONDS (OiSe).
Sixty miles from Paris, on branch of
N.R.R., change at Compiegne. Two hours,
12 francs.
Waters. — This weak sulphur spring is the
last of the large class of these waters we
shall mention in France. There is also an
iron spring at this station, but neither of them
130 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
has been much used. This is partly owing
to the fact that they are too near Paris. It
is rather curious that people will prefer to
go some distance for their mineral springs.
Certainly those near large cities are often
neglected. The waters here are cold and
not strong, it is true. The bath establish-
ment is a good one, though small, and the
station has interest to medical men, for here
Dr. Sales Girons invented the spray system
of using mineral waters, since adapted for
drugs.
Therapeutics.- — Throat and bronchial dis-
eases, as usual at sulphur stations, are the
principal troubles treated here. Also her-
petic skin affections, ansemia and chlorosis,
with women's diseases.
Pierrefonds has now direct railway com-
munication. It is a very small place of 1,200
inhabitants, in the great forest of Compiegne.
It is celebrated for its beautiful chateau-fort,
called Chateau de Pierrefonds. It dates from
1390, and is a splendid specimen, perhaps the
finest in the world, of an ancient fortified
chateau. It was restored, indeed made new
PIERREFONDS (oISe).
at great expense, by Viollet le Due, and is
well worth a visit. The Empress Eugenie
takes her present title, Countess of Pierre-
fonds, from this place. Life is very dull here ;
except for the walks in the splendid forest,
there is nothing to do. It has the advantage
over Enghien that it is rather farther from
Paris, and it does not have a rough Sunday
crowd. It has a small casino and reading
room, with some music on Sundays.
Physician. — Dr. Janvier.
Hotels, — Du Chateau, Grand Hotel, Des
Ruines.
132
SALINE SPRINGS.
Salies de B^arn (Basses Pyr^n^es).
482 miles from Paris ; Orleans R.R., and
S. of F. R.R., to Puyhoo Station ; then a
five-mile drive by 'bus or carriage ; sixteen
hours ; ninety-six francs. from London.
Waters, — They are brought into one great
reservoir in the centre of the village, for use
in the manufacture of salt. They are strong,
bitter salt waters, sp. gr. 1,208. The so-
called mother water" is the Salies water
condensed by evaporation, when it gets
brownish in colour, and has a sp. gr. of
1,221. The water being heated night and
day, to obtain the salt, sends constant va-
pours of salt steam into the air, so that the
people who stay there are living in a con-
stant salt sea air, without waves or winds.
There is a good bathing establishment, and
^he watery are used internally, as well as
SALINE SPRINGS.
T33
mixed with chicken broth. They are sooth-
ing, tonic and restorative.
The^^apeutics. — Scrofulous children are
mostly seen here, with ganglionic and
osseous manifestations of that diathesis.
Chlorosis and anaemia are treated, as well
as rheumatism, paralysis, locomotor ataxy,
muscular atrophy and women's diseases.
This little town is at an altitude of loo
feet. Its population is 6,000 ; it is in a
very fine valley in the lower Pyrenees, ten
miles from Orthez. The life is quiet. Many
people come here from Pau and the adjoining
towns, and the French doctors send many pa-
tients ; but the English and Americans do
not frequent the French salt spas to any
great extent. There are a number of other
salt springs, such as S alius- Moutiers, near
Brides, Balaruc and Bourbon in the centre
of France.
Physicians.- — Drs. Musgrave-Clay (Eng-
lish, from Pau,) and Dupeyron.
Hotels. — France, Cheval Blanc, Paris,
Bains,
134 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Salins (Jura).
250 miles from Paris; P.L.M.R.R., via
Dijon ; ten hours ; forty-eight francs. From
London,
Waters. — There are a number of salt
springs here, only one of which is reserved
for patients, the rest being employed for the
salt manufacturers. A visit to the works is
interesting and curious. The spring used
for patients gives over four millions of gal-
lons per day, of a clear, salt water that is
digestive, tonic and resolutive. In large
doses it is laxative. The baths are quite
complete ; one for swimming contains as
much as 20,000 gallons that is constantly
renewed.
Therapeutics. — The lymphatic constitution;
scrofula, necrosis, and caries, white swellings
and other tubercular troubles, and Potts's
disease. These waters are considered better
than sea-baths ; they are taken internally
as well.
Salins is quite a large town on the River
Furieuse ; altitude, 1,200 feet; population.
SALINE SPRINGS.
7,000. It is between the mountains of
Belies and Saint-Andre, each of which is
crowned with a large fort, making most
picturesque and interesting views. A stay
here is pleasant. There is the inevitable
casino with the usual music. The excursions
to Devil's Bridge, Grotto des Planches, Mont
Poupet and Bout du Monde, or End of the
World, are very interesting. There are
good walks in the fine pine woods that
surround the town. The climate is warm
and rather variable. Season, June to Sep-
tember.
Physicians. — Drs. Guyenot, Bourny.
Hotels. — ^ Bains, Sauvage.
13^
PURGATIVE WATERS.
Strongly purgative waters are few in
France ; they are the only weak point in
the gamut " of the splendid mineral
waters of the country.
MONTMIRAIL (VaUCLUSe).
455 miles from Paris, P.L.M.R.R. to
Orange ; and then, bus in one and half hours ;
sixteen hours, eighty-two francs. From
London, ^6.
Waters, — The French physicians, mostly
from patriotic motives, give this weak purga-
tive water in place of the other foreign
purgative waters, in bottles. They rarely
send anyone to the springs, and when it is
found that it often takes a whole quart to
produce an effect, its use is not continued.
It contains sulphates of magnesia and soda.
PURGATIVE WATERS.
Therapeutics. — Constipation, abdominal
congestion, liver and spleen troubles, women's
diseases. Used also after intermittent fevers.
Montmirail is a small village in the
southern part of France, near Orange, and
has a sulphur and iron spring which is used
by people in the vicinity. There is a good
establishment.
Physician. — Dr. Millet.
Hotel. — Bains.
ClIATEL GUYON (PuY De DoME).
233 miles from Paris, P.L.M.R.R. (Bour-
bonnais line to Riom) in twelve hours ; forty-
six francs. From London, £\ 16s. 6d., then
forty minutes' drive to C.G.
Waters. — They have been compared to
Kissingen waters, but their purgative action
is due to chlorides, and not to sulphates.
They have a saltish taste, and contain gas.
They are laxative, exciting to the digestion,
and tonic at the same time.
Therapeutics. — They are successful in
atony of the intestines, so common in nervous
I ^8 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
complaints and in approaching age. This
Vv^ater is also given for all the stomach com-
plaints, diseases of the liver, spleen and the
pancreas. They are considered a sovereign
remedy for constipation, gastro-enteritis,
obesity and bladder diseases.
These v/aters owe their properties to the
presence of chloride of magnesium, which
revives the contractility of the soft fibres of
the vessels, causes an activity of the circula-
tion and clears obstructions in the veins, thus
freeing the internal organs from congestion.
The iron in the waters renders them tonic
and strengthening.
The Gttbler'' Spring is the oldest in the
place, which has twenty-six wells in all ; this
one cominp" from the bed rock is the one
o
used for botding purposes.
Chatel-Guyon is in the picturesque Au-
vergne district, four miles from Riom. Alti-
tude 1,300 feet ; on the Sardo7i stream.
Physicians, — Drs. Baraduc, Groslier, Con-
chon, and L, Vibert.
Hotels. — Nouvel Hotel, Splendid Hotel,
Grand Hotel des Bains.
139
ALKALINE AND INDIFFERENT
SPRINGS.
MONT-DORE (PUY DE DoME).
289 miles from Paris, P.L.M., or Orleans
line to Laqueuille ; then 'bus or carriage-
drive in one and half hours ; twelve hours ;
fifty-eight francs. From London, ^5 4s.
Waters. — There are eight springs at Mont-
Dore, all hot, 108" to 110° Fah., giving over
80,000 gallons a day of a feebly mineralized
water, without smell or taste, which resembles
Neuenahr in Germany. They are sodio-bi-
carbonated springs with a small quantity of
arsenic in them. They are an example of
weak waters, well applied to treatment.
Therapeutics, — These are based on the
heat of the water, mostly used in baths and
inhaled as hot vapour, and also on drinking
the hot water. Stimulation of the skin and
I40 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
perspiration is aimed at here, which seems to
end in a sedative action that differs from that
of the sulphur springs. In one word, it is a
"sweat-box." Chronic affections of respira-
tory organs, asthma, bronchitis, rheumatic
affections, skin diseases, neuralgia, sciatica,
are all treated here.
Contra-indications.-hW heart troubles and
tendency to hemorrhage must not be sent
here.
Mont-Dore has an altitude of 3>400 teet,
but population, 2,000. It is a high mountain
resort, having a variable climate, with cold
mornings and evenings even in summer. The
place is comfortable only in July and August.
The village is in a narrow valley on the
Dordogne, a small stream, and at the base
of Angle Mountain, and is a most curious
part of old Auvergne. The place is much
frequented by priests and clergymen, and the
actor and artist class. The walks are high
mountain ones, and very beautiful. Excur-
sions to Pic de Sancy, 6,000 feet, to the
Cascades de Mont-Dore, La Roche Savadore,
and La Bourboule, are recommended.
ALKALINE AND INDIFFERENT SPRINGS. I4I
Physicians, — Drs. Chabory, Edmond
(speaks English), Joel, Cazalis, Nicolas.
Hotels. — They are rather dear and not
very good. Grand Hotel, Chabory, Mont-
joli, Paris, France.
Bookseller. — J. Armet. (See Dobell, "The
Mont-Dore Cure.")
ROYAT (PUY DE DoMe).
261 miles from Paris, via P.L.M.R.R.,
liourbonnais line direct in nine hours ; thirty-
four francs. From London, £\ i8s.
Wate7^s. — These sodio-bicarbonated, fer-
ruginous arsenical springs contain lithia and a
good deal of carbonic acid gas, making a
most agreeable soda-water drink. There are
four sources and two other springs outside of
the company's park, one called Fonteix, and
another farther out, called Goudronneuse,
These waters are taken internally, inhaled,
gargled, and bathed in. The bathing estab-
lishment is a fine one, and the excellent
baths have a system of constant renewal of
the water while in the bath, that we do not
14^ HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
remember to have seen in any other station
except in the large piscines or swimming
baths. The temperature of the springs
varies from 68° to 98° Fah. This place is
compared to Ems, but possesses a much
better climate, and the scenery is exquisite.
Therapeutics, — The diseases treated are
anaemia and chlorosis ; all the respiratory
troubles of a chronic nature ; catarrhs, bron-
chitis, emphysema, humid asthma. It is also
an important station for gout and all gouty
affections, gravel, nervous diseases, women's
complaints, dyspepsia and diabetes.
Contra-indications, — Acute diseases ; can-
cer, aneurism, and phthisis in acute stage.
These contra-indications are much the same
for all mineral waters.
After-cures. — The seaside for a short time,
except in cases of gout. The bronchial cases
would do well to winter in the south of
France.
Royat - les - Bains is only fifteen minutes
from the large town of Clermont-Ferrand.
The altitude is 1,380 ; population, 2,000. It
is as charming a place as any other in Eu-
ALKALINE AND INDIFFERENT SPRINGS. 1 43
rope. The season is end of May to October.
It lies in a valley called Saint-Mart, sur-
rounded by the lower Auvergne Mountains,
which are here well wooded and green. The
whole country about is pretty. There are
plenty of fruit-trees, and walnuts and ches-
nuts in abundance. As to the climate, it is
well open to the west, and sheltered from the
north by the Dome Mountains ; so that it
has not the variable climate of the higher
Auvergne resorts. It is a gay little place,
having many visitors — from five to six thou-
sand per year, and two casinos with good
bands of music, concerts, balls and theatrical
performances, and a medical gymnasium.
The excursions to Puy de Dome and many
other places are very fine. Notice the old
Roman baths here. The sanitation is very
good ; the place has never had an epidemic
of any kind. There is an English church
lately built.
Physicians. — Drs. Bouchinet, G. H.
Brandt (English), Chauvet, Fredet, P.
Laussedat, Lemarchand, de Trigon, Levil-
lian. Petit, Puy Le Blanc, Rosemblith.
144 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Hotels. — The hotels are good, and less
expensive than at the more elevated places
in this region. Hotels — Continental, Grand
Hotel, Europeen, Lyon, and many others.
Excursions to the Puy de Dome, from
the summit of which there is a magnificent
view. The whole surrounding country is
charming.
La Bourboule (Puy de Dome).
295 miles from Paris by Orleans R.R. to
Laqueuille, thence by coach in one hour ;
eleven hours in all ; fifty-five francs. £^ 4s.
from London.
Waters. — Muriated alkaline arsenical
springs, 140° Fah. ; enjoyed a local repu
tation from very early times. One of the
springs long known as the Source des
Fievres," was brought into prominent notice
by the discovery in it of arsenic in 1857.
These are the richest hot arsenical waters
known. There were six springs, but they
are now all united into one, called the
LA BOURBOULE (PUY DE DOMe). 145
Choussy - Perriere," giving 9,430 hecto-
litres per twenty-four hours. It is a Hmpid
fluid with a salt taste and no smell, used in
baths, douches, inhalations, sprays. It con-
tains twenty-eight milligrammes of arsenic
per quart of water, which is the equivalent
of about twenty-one drops of Fowler's solu-
tion, and three grains of sodium chloride and
alkaline bicarbonates. In a new sparkling
spring lately discovered here there is iron
and arsenic, with considerable carbonic acid
gas.
Therapeutics, — Lymphatism, struma, scro-
fula, glandular enlargements, nasal catarrhs,
ozaena, lupus, eczema, psoriasis, acne, urti-
caria and other skin diseases, syphilitic
anaemia, chlorosis, intermittent and malarial
aftections in the chronic stage, diabetes, res-
piratory troubles, gout, rheumatic dyscrasia
and certain cases of arthritis deformans.
La Bourboule, on the Dordogne, altitude
2,700 feet, is in a valley that is extensive and
open, while protected north by the mountains,
and south it is sufficiently exposed to give it
a tonic, sunny and invigorating climate. It
6
146 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
has, besides, the charm of that scenery for
which Auvergne is justly celebrated. The
whole of this district, like other mountain
places, is subject to thunderstorms, but they
do not last long. The scenery is varied and
interesting. The Pic de Sancy rises to a
considerable height close by, and on a fine
day gives an extensive view as far as the
Savoy Alps. With a splendid panorama of
the lakes and mountains around, in which
the excursions are numerous, the enterpris-
ing tourist, artist, geologist, or lover of
archaeology will find much to interest him
here.
The population is 1,500, and number of
visitors 10,000. Fine casinos, theatre, Eng-
lish and French Protestant service. Season
25th May to 30th September.
Physicians. — Dr. A. W. Gilchrist (Eng-
lish), Dr. Bertrand, Nicolas and Veyrieres.
Hotels. — Des lies Britaniques, Paris, Fer-
ryroles. Continental, Beau-Sejour. Many
furnished apartments. In July and August
write in advance for rooms.
Books. — See Dr. Gilchrist's new work in
English on the waters.
NJ^RIS (aLLIEr).
Ntos (Allier).
208 miles from Paris, Orleans line to
Montlu^on, thence three miles drive to Neris.
Fast trains in summer in twelve hours ; forty
francs. £4. 1 2s. from London, or to Cham-
blet station and drive in ten minutes.
Waters. — There are six springs of sodio-
chlorinated water, at 115° to 126°. As much
as 242,000 gallons of clear water is given per
day by these springs. It has no smell, but
a slight salt taste. It is mostly used in
baths, the establishment being a very com-
plete one with four large swimming baths,
douches, vapour baths, &c. It resembles
Teplitz in action.
Therapeutics, — The great speciality here
is nervous diseases. When rheumatism is
allied to the nervous state the French pro-
fessors send their patients here for neuralgia,
sciatica, chorea, hysteria, and all affections
allied with a neurotic condition.
Neris is a quiet little village, just what is
needed for the kind of patients that come to
it ; at the same time it is a pretty place with
148 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
a little casino and music, and some delightful
walks in the park and the woods around.
Altitude 800 feet. Population, 2,000. Cli-
mate rather hot in summer. Season, May
to October. Excursions to Chateau de
rOurs, Commentry, and Montlucon.
Physicians. — Drs. De Rause, De Grand-
maison.
Hotels, — Are good and reasonable. Ten
frarxs is the average charge per day. Paris,
France, Dumoulin, Europe, Rome.
Vichy (Allier).
228 miles from Paris, P.L.M.R.R. (Bour-
bonnais line), direct in eight hours, forty-one
francs. From London, £\ 12s. lod.
Waters. — They are the type of soda
waters, or sodio-bicarbonated. Hot and cold
springs, fifteen regular wells and a number
in the neighbourhood, at Cusset, and in the
tov/n itself. Some of them are pure alkaline
waters, others contain more iron. They are
used for drinking and baths mostly. The
establishment here is under the Government,
VICHY (aLLIER).
149
and is a very fine one. Indeed, there are
three or four large bathing establishments
containing all the modern hydropathic ap-
pliances. The water is clear, or but slightly
troubled in the hot springs. The taste of the
Grande Grille is not disagreeable to most
people. Used in bottles it should be drank
according to physician's orders. The wells
differ considerably, and according to the
complaint, it makes quite a difference what
kind of Vichy one uses, although they are all
bicarbonated waters. The .Source I'Hopital
is for hepatic disorders, also the Grande
Grille ; the " Celestins " is for the gout ; the
Lardy " contains much iron, and so on.
The7^apetitics. — Stomach complaints in
general, dyspepsia, liver, spleen and bladder
troubles, gout, catarrh of uterus and diabetes,
stone, Bright's disease, malarial cachexia,
anaemia (Mesdames spring).
Vichy is the most thronged mineral spring
in France, if not in the world, nearly fifty
thousand visitors going there in the season.
It is open all the year, but frequented like
most places in summer — May to October.
150 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
It is in a valley on the river Allier, in the
great central plains before reaching the
mountains of Auvergne, at an altitude of 780
feet ; population, 6,000. The climate is hot
and relaxing in summer, while the place
itself is not in the best sanitary condition.
The river is usually very low, almost dry in
fact, and the immediate country around is
not at all interesting. A drive, however, of
a few miles brings one to some sub-Alpine
scenery in the Forey mountains. In Vichy
itself there is a good park and a central
garden, in which is the largest bath establish-
ment in France, and at the other end a fine
casino or club room with splendid theatre
where all the best Paris artists perform dur-
ing the season, and a reading room with card
rooms provided. There are balls, concerts,
and excellent music.
Physicians. — Dr. Cormack (English), Vil-
lemin, Audhair, and one hundred others (F.).
Bookseller, — M. Caesar. See Dr. Cor-
mack's large work in English on Vichy
waters.
Hotels, — Ambassadeurs, Pare, Grand Vic-
POUGUES (nIEVRE). I51
toria, Cherbourg, Princes, Paix, Nouvel
H6tel.
PoUGUES (Nli:VRE).
150 miles from Paris, on P.L.M., Bour-
bonnais line, direct in four hours, twenty-nme
francs. From London is.
Waters. — This is a cold calcaro-bicar-
bonated spring called St. Leger, used mostly
for drinking, and it is a most excellent table
water, but it possesses qualities that make it
much recommended in certain diseases. It
is diuretic, aperient, and tonic. There is a
small bathing establishment, but the waters
are mostly used for drinking purposes. They
are sent out bottled in large quantities.
There is a second spring used in baths.
Therapeutics. — Dyspepsia, gravel, certain
forms of albuminuria and other nephritic
troubles of a chronic nature, anaemia and
chlorosis, as there is much iron in the water,
and women's diseases are also treated.
Pougues-les-Eaux is a small village eight
miles from the large city of Nevers. It is
healthy, lying in the great central plain of
152 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
France near the Loire, at 700 feet altitude ;
population, 1,500. The climate is warm in
summer, but steady ; there are none of the
storms of the mountains. Season, May to
October. It is extremely quiet at Pougues,
but there is some music, and there are nice
walks in the neighbourhood. The celebrated
china m.anufactories at Nevers are worth a
visit.
Physicians. — Dr. Janicot (speaks English),
and Dr. Bovet.
Hotels are few in number, rather dear and
not good. There being no market all has
to be brought from Nevers. Hotel Splen-
dide. Pare, France.
Dax (Landes),
458 miles from Paris, Orleans R.R. and
S. of F. direct. Fifteen hours, eighty-one
francs. From London, £6 4s. Main line
Paris to Madrid.
Wate7^s. — There is an immense spring of
hot alkaline water, some ten yards square
from which vapour arises that in certain
seasons can be seen for miles around. Be-
DAX (lANDES).
sides this, the river overflows its banks, and
the mud is collected and used for baths.
The water is weak, and flows over 500,000
gallons per day. It is used not as a drink,
but simply as baths and with the mud. It
has no taste or smell. Patients here reside
in the establishments, and the water is sup-
plied to them there.
Therapeittics. — Dax is the place for the
worst cases of joint trouble, anchylosis, rheu-
matism, gout, neuralgia, gun-shot wounds,
hysteria, early phthisis. The mineral mud
baths are the great feature.
Dax is open all the year round. In win-
ter the principal hotel has glass galleries, 800
feet around the passages, and has its rooms
very nicely warmed. The town is in the
midst of the great pine forests which stretch
from Arcachon to Biarritz. It is also close
to Pau, so that its claim to being a winter
station is as good, if not better, than Pau.
Mean temperature in winter, 48° Fah. ; alti-
tude, 130 feet.
It is quite a large town — 10,000 popula-
tion, with paved streets ; but it is very dull,
154 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
and the sanitary condition is not good. The
life here is indoor in winter, and in summer
there are some good drives in the pine forest
with fishing along the river.
Physicians. — Dr. Barthe de Sandfort
(speaks English), and Dr. Lerema.
Hotels. — The principal ones are the Ther-
mes, Europe, France.
CONTREXI^VILLE (VoSGEs).
233 miles from Paris. E. of F. R.R,
direct in nine hours, forty-one francs. From
London, £\ los.
Waters. — There are four cold calcaro-bi-
carbonated springs (55° F.), with afresh taste
and after-taste styptic. The great value
of the water is in its diuretic action. The
kidneys eliminate it rapidly, and the urine
secretion is stimulated. Baths and douches
are used, but drinking the water is the im-
portant treatment. They are slightly laxative.
Therapeutics. — Kidney complaints, vesical
catarrh, inertia and paralysis of bladder, re-
tention and incontinence of urine, prostatic en-
argements, chronic cystitis, gravel, diabetes.
VITTEL (VOSGES).
Contrexeville is 1,000 feet above sea level
on the river Vair, in the Vosges mountains,
in the North-east of France, on R. R. to
Nancy, the line of the Orient Express. The
climate is slightly variable, but not so cold
in the mornings and evenings as other moun-
tain resorts. Population, 1,000. There is
the usual casino and music, theatres, &c.,
with a fine park for walking as well as ex-
cellent drives in the hills around the town.
Season, June to September.
Physicians. — Drs. Debout d'Estr^es,
Boursier, Graux, Boichoux.
Hotels. — Etablissement, Mabboux, Paris,
Providence.
ViTTEL (Vosges).
This is the next station to Contrexeville
on same R.R.
Waters. — The Grand Spring is claimed to
be as good as Contrexeville, and the salt
spring better. In respect to iron it would
seem that these waters contain more than the
last mentioned springs. A still stronger iron
1^6 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
spring here is called the Source des
Demoiselles."
Therapeutics, — Grande Spring-Gravel and
diseases of urinary passages.
Salt Spring. — Biliary calculi, congestion
of liver, constipation, &c. Anaemia is
treated by the iron spring mentioned above.
Vittel is one of the Vosges mountain places
on the Vair and three miles only from Con-
trexeville. Population, 1,500. Altitude, 1,100
feet. It is a picturesque healthy place now
much frequented. There are the usual public
sitting rooms, and the establishment is on
high ground above the village. There are
good horses and carriages, and the excursions
in these hills are noted as very good indeed.*
Physicians. — Drs. Bouloumie, Rodet (both
speak English).
Books. — Dr. Rodet, English Guide to
Vittel."
Hotels. — Etablissement, Commerce, Source.
Marti guy -les-Bains is in this district of France.
MARTIGNY-LES-BAINS.
I56A
Martigny-les-Bains.
E. of F. R.R., via Langres in six hours
from Paris (248 miles). There are three
alkaline-sulphate of lime springs at this
station that are destined to become cele-
brated, owing to the fact that they contain'
a notable quality of lithium, the No. i
spring having 0.0032 centigrams of lithine.
They also resemble the waters of Contrexe-
ville, which is close by. The No. 2 spring-
is called Fernigincuse from the iron in it.
The No. 3 is named Savonneitse, as it froths.
This spring is superior to that of Schlangen-
bad in Germany. These springs give over
190,000 quarts of water per day, and the
station is now a first-class one, havinof a fine
bathino- establishment attached to the Grand
Hotel, which was erected in 1883, and many
important changes have been made since.
This bathing establishment is situated in the
middle of a vast park, which has a stream
running through it called the Meiise. They
have every requisite for baths, douches, &c. '
The waters can also be taken at home, both
before and after the treatment. They should
be drank at home the same as at the springs,
before breakfast. The altitude is 1,200 feet
above sea, and 400 above Saone Valley. The
situation is a beautiful one. Theatre and
casino. The diseases recommended to this
station are, gout, gravel, vesical calculi, liver
diseases, cystitis, enlargement of prostate
I56B HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
gland, chronic urethral weaknesses, diabetes,
albuminuria, skin diseases, dyspepsia, anaemia
and the neuralgic affections.
Doctors. — Drs. Huguet, Lafosse.
Hotels. — Grand Hotel de I'Etablissement,
Chalet, Alsace, Chateau, &c.
Prices are very reasonable—from 8 f. per day.
Gl^RARDMER (VOSGES).
This first-class cold water cure station is on
the E. of F. R.R., seven hours from Paris
(50 frs.). It is situated at 2,275 ^^^^ altitude
above the sea, and has every possible require-
ment for hydrotherapeutic treatment. The
establishment itself is a vast elegant con-
struction of recent design, having been
founded in i860, and newly built in 1875
1892. The air of the country round is rich
in ozone, and is perfumed and purified by the
pine woods near by. The springs supplying
the baths have a constant temperature of 50°
Fah. Besides the bathing and douche treat-
ment proper, there are Pine Baths, and
medical electricity is used with proper exer-
cise, by gymnastics and fencing. The season
is the usual summer one from May to the
month of October.
The scenery about Gdrardnier is most
picturesque, as it is situated in one of the
finest chains of the Vosges mountains, while
the place itself is surrounded by lakes and
smiling valleys which make a beautiful con-
trast with the abrupt summits of the Hohen-
eck" and Schlucht " mountains.
PLOMBlfeRES (VOSGES).
Plombi^res (Vosges).
251 miles from Paris, E. of R.R., ten
hours, fifty francs.
Twenty-eight springs. These hot and
cold waters are clear and tasteless, and
slightly oily to the feel. They are called
"Simple Indeterminate Waters" by the
French, yet the establishment is one of the
largest in France, and the number of visitors
is very large. We have before called atten-
tion to the fact that the feebly-mineralised
wMters are more frequented than the strong
ones. People go to Aix, Mont Dore, &c.,
and but little to very strong springs like
Challes, for instance. This is largely owing
to the method of application of the waters
rather than to the mineral elements in them.
The mechanical treatment under water and
massage are given. Plombieres is compared
to Teplitz.
Therapeutics, — This is quite a ladies' sta-
tion. Irregularities in menstruation, uterine
complaints, sterility, leucorrhoea, gastro-
intestinal troubles and nervous diseases, lum-
158 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
bago, while anaemia is treated by the Iron
Spring, " La Bourdeille.'*
Rheumatism is also treated by the hot
waters, which range from 70° to 160^ Fah.
Contra - indication. — Phthisis.
' Plornbieres (pronounced Plum-be-air) is in
a very deep narrow valley on the Augronne,
a torrent, and something like Spa, in Belgium,
it lies so low that it is not seen until you are
quite close to it. It is, however, 1,360 feet
above the sea level. The population is
2,000. The climate is healthy; although hot in
summer there are storms enough to keep the
evenings and mornings cooL There is a fine
casino, and on the Promenade des Dames
life is not wanting during the season. There
are also delightful excursions in the neighbour-
ing mountains, to the old ruined Abbey of
Revirmont, the valley of Semouze, &c.'^
Physicians, — Drs. Bottentuit, Malibran,
Lietard.
A
Hotels. — Grand Hotel, Tete d'Or, Lion
d'Or.
* The Btissang Iron Spring is near here, but is not
much frequented. It is, however, a most charmingly
EVIAN-LES-BAINS (hAUTE-SAVOIe). I59
EviAN-LEs- Bains (Haute-Savoie).
This station is on the French side of Lake
of Geneva (called Lake Leman). It can be
reached by boat from Geneva in four hours
or in half-an-hour by steamer from Lausanne,
Switzerland, almost opposite. (Two francs).
LaiLsanne is 330 miles from Paris in eleven
hours, sixty francs, P.L.M.R.R. From Lon-
don, /5 8s. 3d.
Waters. — There are five very slightly
mineralised springs at Evian. Ihey are
cold, calcareo-bicarbonated waters ; it is a
splendid table water, clear and agreeable to
drink. Their properties are diuretic and
tonic. The first is the most important. They
are given in large quantities, to vv^ash out, as
it were, the bladder as well as the blood and
eliminate the uric acid. They are considered
a good after-cure to follow Aix-les- Bains.
Therapeutics. — Q^\.d,xx\\2\ affections of the
situated place in the heart of the Vosges mountains,
and very attractive for those who desire a quiet
retreat. Chronic diarrhoeas and ansemia are cured
here. The water is very largely exported.
l6o HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
bladder form the great speciality of this sta-
tion. Gravel, irritability of the urinary
organs, dyspepsia, gastralgia and stomach
complaints, and gout, are treated here.
Evian is a pretty little town, population
3,000, on south side of the lake, almost
opposite to Lausanne, and twenty-five miles
from Geneva, but in France. Altitude, 1,350
feet ; mild, pleasant tonic climate, with rather
strong winds at times from the lake. It is
much frequented in summer. There is a
casino with plenty of music. The excur-
sions are numerous. One can run over to
Lausanne, Vevey, and in fact to all the
pleasure places on the lake, both Swiss and
French sides. In the neighbourhood of
Evian are the Chateau de Neucelles, the
ruins of the Chateau de Maxilly, and the
Grotto of Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Physicians. — Drs. Roques, Taberlet, Mil-
lion.
Hotels. — Grand H6tel des Bains, Hotel
France, Paix, Alpes.
AMPHION (savoy).
i6i
Amphion (Savoy).
This station is only twenty minutes out
from Evian ; two miles by tramway.
Waters. — They are weak, bicarbonated
and ferruginous cold springs, containing a
certain quantity of oxide of iron. The
quantity of water is very large, and they
are used for baths also.
Therapeittics. — Anaemia and chlorosis.
The waters are also used as at Evian, and
for the same diseases, but the great advan-
tage of this place is its adaptability as an
after cure for Aix-les-Bains and other stations
where more serious cures are carried out.
Amphion-les-Bains is a cheerful summer
residence, and has one of the best views in
Europe. From the top of a hill back of the
place, looking over all the Lake of Geneva,
can be seen the grandest and most varied of
panoramas. In fine weather it is one of the
loveliest spots in Europe. The Jura Moun-
tains are behind it. The steamers ply regu-
larly and frequently on the lake to Lausanne,
Montreux, &c. As the place was at one time
1 62 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
a gambling station, like Monte Carlo, no ex-
pense was spared in laying out the grounds.
Fishing is good here. Altitude, 1,350 feet.
It is windy at times (like Evian), from the
*' Bise/' or N.E. winds.
Physician. — Dr. Dumur.
Hotels. — Grand Hotel d'Amphion, Des
Bains.
Other Ferriiginotis French Springs. — The
pure iron waters are not numerous in this
country, but nearly all of its mineral waters
contain some iron, while the Corsican waters
of Orezza and Pardina are very strong iron
waters. Besides these we have La Baiiche
in Savoy, which is but little frequented. A
good iron water not yet much known is Ren-
i'CCigne. Orezza and Pardina, bottled, are
much used in France.
Renlaigue (Puy de Dome).
This is in the south-west part of this de-
partment and not as yet much known, but as
its great merits will certainly bring it soon
into notice, we mention it. The water con-
FORGES LES EAUX (SEINE INFEiaEURE). 1 63
tains a large quantity of carbonic acicl gas
making it very digestible and agreeable.
Forges les Eaux (Seine Inf^rieure).
Seventy - three miles from Paris. West
of F.R.R. ; three and a-half hours ; fifteen
francs.
These are cold, pure ferruginous springs.
There are three of them in the private estab-
lishment, which is small and not well-arranged;
and there is an open free spring in the fields
beyond, which is believed to be just as good.
The waters all taste like ink, and contain very
little, if any, gases.
TherapeiUics. — Ansemia, chlorosis, amenor-
rhoea, hysteria, and all cases of general
weakness and convalescence from disease,
when iron can be borne.
Forges is in the fertile valley of Bray, and
the smiling country of Normandy, with its
fine cows, butter and milk in abundance.
But in contra - distinction to the country
around, the town itself is dull and dirty.
There is a small room used as a casino, but
164 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
nothing of the amusement that is to be found
at other watering places ; so that this station
is only for serious invalids, who can stand its
inconveniences and expense for the benefit
of the excellent iron water. Try the Nor-
mandy cider here. The climate is mild and
rainy.
Physicians. — Drs. Cave, Mathon.
Hotels, — Des Thermes, Mouton. (The
hotels are poor and dear at this station.)*
There is a spring near Paris called Fovges-les-Bains,
with weak iron waters, very little used.
i65
FRENCH SEASIDE AND SUMM
CLIMATIC AIR STATIONS.
We mention first the fact that nearly all
the mineral water stations are Climatic Air
Stations for summer, owing to their situation
in high mountain valleys. The French sea
coast is a very long one, stretching as it does
all the way from Dunkerque and Calais on
the English Channel to the Atlantic by
Arcachon and Biarritz, on again to the
Mediterranean and along its coast from Mar-
seilles to Mentone. The most frequented
places are Dieppe, Boulogne sur Mer,
Etixtat, Trotiville, St. Malo, Houlgate,
Dinar Dinan, Concarneau, Roy an, Ar-
cachon, Biarritz, and St. Jean de Luz,
The Mediterranean stations, Cannes, Nice,.
and Mentone, while they possess bathing
apparatus, are used mostly by the natives,
although there is no question but what the
i66
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
famous inland sea has more salt in it than the
Atlantic, so that the baths should be of great
value. But fashion has decreed otherwise
and the world blindly follows it, and goes to
the Atlantic sea-side resorts. The tempera-
ture is never excessive on the great tideless
sea. Still it must be admitted that it is
colder at the seaside in the North, and there
are no breakers in the southern sea.
In regard to summer holidays at sea, not-
wiihstanding the advances that have been
made the last ten years in building great
steamers and providing for the welfare of
passengers by them, so great are the evils of
ocean travel, even first-class, that but few
invalids are nowadays advised to go down to
the great deep for health. It must, however,
be said that more discomfort and sea-sickness
may be experienced in crossing from Dover
to Calais in bad weather than in a trip around
the world in a large well-arranged steamer.
A sea voyage can be recommended to many
middle-aged business men who break down,
and to others who need to escape letters and
telegrams and the weary treadmill of business
FRENCH SEASIDE AND SUMMER STATIONS. i6f:
for a time. The over-energetic American
put on board ship, where he cannot do any-
thing more energetic than walk the deck, and
where he no longer gets his morning paper^,
is forced to rest.
Sea-bathing itself is best adapted for deli-,
cate women and girls, and also for children:
and over- worked men. It improves the
general health and braces the system against
catching cold, and it is a tonic to the cerebro-
spina.1 system. We must make special
mention of its effects on scrofulous children.
The contra-indications are eye diseases, and
some of the skin diseases as well as chorea
and convulsive troubles of any kind. Suffer-
ers from diseases of the heart and lungs,,
gout, with any tendency to cerebral conges-
tion, as well as highly irritable and nervous
people, had better not use sea-baths. Moun-
tain air would be best for these cases. We
mention a few of the most popular sea-baths.i
TherapetUics of Sea-Baths, — As above,
muscular debility and exhaustion, tuberculosis
in joints, white swellings, &c. They helpi
those who need repose and convalescents.
i68
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Boulogne sur Mer (Pas de Calais).
159 miles from Paris, northern line, live
hours ; twenty-nine francs. From London,
£1 I2S.
This well-known port and watering-place
on the Channel hardly needs description.
It was for a long time the resort, all the year
round, of many English people who found it
convenient to be near England and yet away
from it, but at present there are not so many
English residents as there were ; 2,000 is the
estimated number. In summer this number
is greatly increased. The quay is over 5,000
feet long. The sea-bathing is fair, sands
excellent. Population, 50,000 ; innumerable
smells, a splendid casino. Season, July to
August.
Physicians. — Drs. Bourgain, Gros, Patin.
Bookseller, — Merridew's English Library.
There are several English clubs, the
United, Cricket, and the Lawn Tennis club.*
* On this coast is Bevch sur Mer which has a cele-
brated Marine Hospital for scrofulous and tuber-
cular children, that has had such wonderful success
DIEPPE (seine INF^RIEURe). 1 69
Dieppe (Seine Inf^rieure).
104 miles from Paris, Western R.R., in
four hours ; seventeen francs. From Lon-
don, £1 4s. 7d.
These much frequented sea-baths are at
the mouth of the Argues. The town is a
bright, Hvely one; population, 22,000. It is
the chief fishing station on this coast, and
much amusement is got on the pier watching
the fishing boats coming and going. The
beach itself is a pebble one and not agreeable ;
sandals must be worn. The breakers are
good, but not so fine as on the more open
Atlantic coast. There is a handsome casino
with theatre, and considerable gambling, &c.
It is often very cold, so that July, or better,
August, is recommended for a stay ; then it is
full of life and gaiety. As at all watering-
places in France, the beach and baths are
under the superintendence of a Physician-
1 nspector.
in ail ciironic eniargements of the cervical and sub-
maxillary glands and joints. This hospital has been
imitated in places on account of the advances made
there in different cures of scrofula.
lyo HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Physicians, — Drs. Caron, De la Rue, De
Parel.
Bookseller, — Rainville, Grande Rue,
No. 52.
Hotels. — Royal, Des Bains, Grand, Des
Etrangers (all expensive).
Trouvhxe sur Mer (Calvados).
137 miles from Paris. People go to Havre
by rail, and cross over to Trouville on the
sea by a little steamer (ten miles), four hours
and a half ; nineteen francs.
This is the fashionable sea-side place of
France. It has an excellent sandy beach,
which is quite flat and safe for children.
There is no shingle here, and one can walk
for miles on the sands. There are hundreds
of pretty villas in the English style with a
fine club or casino containing all the usual
elements of society ; it cost 60,000 dollars.
Balls are frequent. The population is 7,000.
Season, June to September. The races are
very good here in August.
Physicians. — Drs. Legoupil, Leneveu.
ST. MALO (ILLE ET VILAINE). I7I
Hotels. — Are all very dear. De Paris,
Roches Noires, Belle Vue, Plage and others.*
St. Malo (Ille et Vilaine).
Western R.R., six hours ; forty-two francs.
This old seaport town is much frequented
by the French. It is in Brittany, facing
Servan and Dinard at the mouth of the
Ranee. Its ancient ramparts form a good
promenade, and the beach is of firm, hard
sand. The winter climate is milder than that
of England, and is bracing in summer. The
mean of January is 41°, of July 69^ Popu-
lation, 12,000. Steamers from here to the
Island of Jersey twice a week.
Physicians, — Drs. Ferrand, Noury.
Hotels . — France, Univers, Franklin. t
Arcachon (Gironde).
400 miles from Paris. Orleans line to
Bordeaux, and S. of F. on ; tw^elve hours,
* Near by are Hotilgate^ Etretat and Cahoiirg. Deaii-
ville is connected with Trouville by a bridge.
t Pornic, Roy an and Le Cvoisic are close by on the
west coast, but are thoroughly French seaside places.
172
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
seventy-four francs. From London, ^5 17s.,
v'lk Dover.
Arcachon — population, 10,000; in summer
50,000 to 60,000 — is thirty-four miles from
Bordeaux, and is reached in an hour from
there. The name of the place means resin,
in the language of the country. This is
owing to the immense pine-forests that ex-
tend on all sides, and give resin. The town
is not on the sea, but on an immense sea
basin many miles in extent, so that the bath-
ing is quiet ; but good swimmers like the
place. The place is divided into two dis-
tinct parts. The first is the large, long, flat
lower town, three miles long, or " Summer
Town," with thousands of small one and two
storey houses, which are used by the sea-
bathers, who flock here in hundreds of thou-
sands during the summer season for the
excellent swimming, fishing and yachting.
The oyster culture in the immense basin is
a wonderful sight and most interesting ; ten
millions of oysters are sold yearly. It is
possible to .go out to the Bay of Biscay
and get real open sea - bathing, and also
ARCACHON (GIRONDE).
sand baths in summer time, but it is five
miles off.
We now come to the second side of Ar-
cachon, its " Ville d'Hiver," or winter city.
The streets of the town lead up to an im-
mense sand dune in the midst of a pine
forest ; here are a number of pretty villas
and hotels which make up the winter resort.
It is a moderately mild soothing climate,
suitable to cases of irritative bronchial and
laryngeal catarrh, and sufferers from nervous
disease who like quiet. It is not at all suit-
able to persons of torpid or lymphatic nature,
and those who need a more stirring life ; they
do better in the tonic and stimulating air of
the Riviera.
The mean winter temperature is 50° some
years and 46° others.
There are nearly 9,000 acres of pine woods
here, which have a most peculiar stillness,
owing to the deep sand roads and walks not
giving any sound, and the pine trees having
JIG leaves to rustle. Dr. Fagge, now of
Monte Carlo, during two winters at Ar-
<iachon, observed only two days of fog and
174 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
six of frost. In winter the city is desolate;
shops are closed until summer, and there is
no gaiety. The water supply is pretty good,
but the drainage indifferent. The quantity
of rain is considerable, but it dries off rapidly
in the sand.
Physicians. — Drs. Festal, Hameau, Lales-
que.
Hotels. — On the beach, Grand Hotel,
Royal, France; in the pine woods. Hotel
de la Foret, Hotel des Pins.
Biarritz (Basses Pyri^ni^es).
Via Bordeaux and S. of F.R.R. ; sixteen
hours, ninety francs from Paris. From London,'
^6 I2S.
This is a fashionable resort, pardy Spanish,
but frequented by the richer English. It is
on the Bay of Biscay, sixty-eight miles from
Bordeaux. The station called Negresse "
is almost three-quarters of an hour's drive
from the town on the beach. Biarritz ie?
situated on a cliff, and it has no less than-
three amphitheatres of pretty beaches with
splendid breakers rc\ inp" in from the Atlan--
BIARRITZ (basses PYR^N^Es). 1 75
tic. In regard to bracing fine sea-bathing
there is no place to compete with Biarritz.
It is suited to persons of a lethargic constitu-
tion. The winds are strong, blowing over
its towering cliffs like a fury. It is far
enough south to have been recommended
as a winter resort, but from the months of
December to May it is not suitable to any
real invalids, although the climate is bright
and exhilarating for a great part of the year.
It suits rather strong 'hysterical and hypo-
chondriacal patients, and those who suffer
from depressed states of the nervous system,
but no other diseases. Some asthmatics do
well here. There is a fine casino with music,
&c. ; the population is 6,000. There is a
tramway now running to Bayonne in three-
quarters of an hour, a large place where one
can live more reasonably than at Biarritz.
Physicians, — Drs. Malpas and Mackew
(English).
Hotels, — These are all dear ; Grand, An-
gleterre, Victoria, Continental. The Villa du
Midi is an English boarding house, but Biar-
ritz is a place for rich people only.
7
176 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
We now come to the south coast of France
which will be described among " Winter
Resorts." *
St. Jean de Luz is twenty minutes by train farther
on, close to Hendaye and the Spanish frontier, and is
a very pretty place with splendid beach on anothei
of the semi-circular bays like Biarritz. The climate
is more sheltered, and some English pass the wintei
here. The sea-bathing is good. There is no boat-
ing on this coast, as it is rough and dangerous.
Hotel d'Angleterre, Paris. Dr. Goyeneche.
J 77
WINTER RESORTS AND HOMES
FOR INVALIDS IN FRANCE.
It dates back to the highest antiquity that
after long and patient observation and study,
physicians have recommended deHcate pa-
tients to pass their winters on the Mediter-
ranean coast. Since it has many times been
proved by actual experiment that the western
Riviera contains the best winter stations that
exist in Europe, we agree with Dr. Yeo
who says, That a perfect climate cannot be
found," and after a residence of two years in
Egypt, and many seasons passed in the most
renowned winter climates, we are confident
that the many thousands of English and
Americans who pass their winters on the
Riviera have the best reasons to believe that
they have found the next best to a perfect
climate, or at least the nearest possible
178 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
approach to one.* The advantages are a
sunny atmosphere, a slight rainfall, mostly
confined to October ; no snow or fogs, and
but little frost, and if any, only in the morning
of a few days in the worst months. It is a dry,
tonic air climate ; that is, mild ; but it must
not be supposed that the south of France
is a tropical climate with all its relaxing
elements. In fact, here as elsewhere, winter
will be winter, and one must study the
weather to live long, and take certain pre-
cautions to get full benefit from the climate
(see Dr. Linn on ** Precautions for the
Climate of Nice"). Between October and
May there are over 100 clear cloudless days
on the Riviera ; in London during the same
time there are about ten, and nearly a 100
rainy days. Then there is hardly a single
day on which an invalid cannot go out at
* The climate of the Hawaiian Islands (latitude
20-23 n.), is probably the most perfect in the world,
being never either cold, very hot, or windy at the
sea-level, where the range of temperature is from
65 to 80 Fah. On the mountains it is cool according
to the elevation.
Winter resorts and homes in france. 179
least for some portion of the day in the
South. Besides, one is in touch with the
world and civilisation, and within a few hours
of the great cities. We well remember with
what annoyance we read our six-day-old
paper in Egypt during one rainy day with
hail and cold wind. To escape the cold and
damp of the North is the reason why all
these thousands come to the South. Are
they right in doing so ? When so large a
number of human reasoning beings do a
thing they are mostly right in doing it, even
if for no other reason than that which makes
the birds migrate. We are convinced that
intuition is truth. It may be true this
modern theory of micro-organisms having
something to do with the cause of pneumonia
and kindred diseases are correct, but cer-
tainly the part taken by exposure to cold and
damp is the most important factor in all
chest and bronchial troubles. This all prac-
tical physicians know by clinical facts, and
this knowledge is worth more than a thou-
sand theories. Even if the microbes are the
seeds of disease they will not develop on
l8o HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE*
healthy soil, so to speak, the ground must be
prepared to receive them. The manner of
this preparation in the human frame is well
known. We get overheated in a damp, cold
climate, and we catch the disease, how ? The
mere mechanical effect of the cold contracts
the little blood vessels which run just be-
neath the surface of the skin ; this drives the
blood away from these parts, and must create
a congestion somewhere else — most likely in
one of our vital organs, or wherever we have
our weak spot, the so-called locus minoris
resistenticB, and this point of least resistance
is least apt to recover promptly from the
congestion produced. The old saying that
''warmth is life and cold is death" is true.
That cold checks our perspiration, and pre-
vents the carrying off of the injurious, worn-
out, and poisonous materials from the body,
and throws the work of purification on the
internal organs, we all know. The kidneys
and lungs may not be in the best condition
to perform the skin's function or help it
along, and congestion and the maladies
follow. It is true that many hundreds of the
WINTER RESORTS AND HOMES IN FRANCE. l8l
people who flock south in winter do so for
society and amusement, and for many invalids
this is an excellent thing. Why should sick
people be cabined, cribbed, confined " in
dull villages where they see no life about
them, even if they have some comforts ?
The so-called moral influence is immense in
all diseases, from the toothache that goes
away at the dentist's door to maladie ima-
ginaire that does not come on when we feel
that we are in reach of medical skill. Tak-
ing hysterical cases alone, we remember the
case of an imaginary tumour that came on in
the country, and disappeared as soon as it
came under the city surgeon's eye. These
are some of the advantages of wintering
in a mild, dry climate, where every comfort
and convenience can be had. The main
climatic characteristics of the Riviera are the
same at all of the stations, but each has its
own secondary qualities. While all of
these winter resorts have the same dry tonic
climates, they each have spots that are more
or less sheltered than the rest of the town
This is owing to some natural protection
1 82 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
given by a hill or a clump of trees behind
the quarter of the place in question." It is
a matter, therefore, of paramount importance
to persons who intend wintering on the
Riviera, not only to select the place, but to
find out what part of the town is most suit-
able to them. This can best be done by
consulting the local physicians. It is just as
injudicious to solve this question by the
advice of the inexpert, as it would be to
accept medical advice or drugs from anyone
who chose to proffer them.
Having considered in a general way the
climate of the south we pass on to review
the principal resorts, but only from the
medical point of view ; leaving to regular
guide books the description of the sights.
We will speak as briefly as possible of the
places as far as they are interesting in a
health giving way ; describing the tempera-
tures, climates, &c., as well as sanitation, and
naming leading physicians.
ALGIERS (aFRICA). 1 83
Algiers, Africa (Belongs to France).
P.L.M.R.R. to Marseilles, then steamer to
Algiers, fifty-four hours in all; 145 francs
(forty hours' passage). From London, 1 8s.
The climate is said to be slightly warmer
and more humid than the resorts on the
French Riviera. The number of rainy days
in winter is given as eighty-seven, barometric
pressure 762 mm. ; the mean temperature is
60° Fah. In January and February it rains
a good deal, when it does not on the French
side ; the best months here are considered to
be March and April. In regard to nervous
complaints the climate is less exciting than
Nice for instance. The drainage is not as good
as it should be ; the old town is very dirty,
but most of the new parts are better. The
upper part of the town called Mustapha
Superior is the best portit)n. The touch of
oriental life here is interesting. For those
who suffer from sea-sickness there is little
in Algiers to compensate their sufferings (Dr.
Yeo) in crossing from Marseilles.
Therapeutics. — Protracted recovery from
184 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
pleurisy and chest complaints. Early phthisis
when the nervous excitability contra-indicates
the dry resorts of the Riviera. Dry forms
of bronchitis, asthma, Bright's disease.
Contra-indications, — Bilious people should
not go to Algiers.
There are amusing paper-chases, hunts,
battles of flowers, &c., in Algiers.
Physicians. — Dr. Thompson (English), Dr.
Pepper (American).
Hotels. — Hotel D' Orient, Regence ; Villa
Russell, Grand, Kirsch, Des Palmiers, Mrs.
Jennings. (The expense is slightly more
than in France itself).*
Hyeres (Var).
590 miles from Paris, P.L.M.R.R. via
Marseilles to Toulon or to La Pauline where
change for H. Sixteen hours, 105 francs.
From London, 6s.
Hamman R'Irha, fifty miles off, altitude, 2,000 feet,
with hot springs, gives an agreeable change from
Algiers. The waters are used for rheumatism, &c.
Blida is another Algerian winter station.
HY^RES (vAr).
185
This town of 14,000 population, altitude,
650 feet, is three miles away from the sea,
and is often recommended to invalids who
cannot bear the more stimulating air of the
places on the sea-coast itself. It, however, is
the least sheltered and is exposed to the
mistral winds. It claims notwithstanding to
be more soothing or at least less exciting than
the other resorts, while the air is not so dry.
This constitutes the advantage of Hyeres
in certain cases. It is only thirteen miles
distant from the important city and port of
Toulon. Life is very quiet at this station,
but it has a greater variety of drives and
walks than Mentone and many of the other
towns, as Monte Carlo, &c. The old part
consists of steep, narrow streets running up
the castle hill. It has, however, its new
quarter with handsome new streets and villas,
where the elevation is seventy feet above the
plain. Snow falls rarely and does not last ;
sixty rainy days is the average ; winter
temperature rarely below 43° Fah. The
drainage has been improved.
Thej'apeutics, — Rheumatism, nervous and
1 86 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
feeble children, and adults, B right's disease,
scrofula. The question of the suitability of
this place for phthisis and the respiratory-
troubles is a much disputed one and must be
decided according to the case. 4,000 families
stay here over winter, and 80,000 visitors
come from October to May. Fifty-six fine
days in winter.* '
Contra-indications. — It is not considered
favourable for many cases of asthma.
Pkysiciaits. — Drs. Biden and Cormack
(English), Bourgarel (French).
Hotels. — Continental, Albion, Pare, Pal-
miers, lies d'Or, Europe.
Bookseller, — T. Hebrard.
Cannes (Alpes Maritimes).
660 miles from Paris, 120 from Marseilles,
and nineteen from Nice. P.L.M.R.R. direct
in eighteen and half hours ; 119 francs. From
London, £y 15s. 3d.
* Castabelle, about two miles south-west of the Hyeres
has some good villas and new hotels in pine woods.
The number of its visitors is increasing rapidly, the
Queen of England having been there in March, 1892.
CANNES (aLPES MARITIMES).
187
The mean temperature is 50° Fah., ten
degrees higher than London. In winter it
rarely falls below 51° from ten to six. There
are fifty-eight rainy days. Near the sea the
air is tonic and stimulant ; while at Cannet,
inland, as inland in California, the climate is
quite different. Cannes is open and windy
like the rest of this coast, when it is not
closely protected by the hills. The screen of
mountains here is only moderately high. In
one word the town climate is bracing in
winter, and mild and agreeable in spring.
The altitude is fifty feet ; 10,000 strangers
settle here in winter, and fifty or sixty thou-
sand pass through the town. The population
is 20,000.
Therapeutics. — Anaemia, chlorosis, catarrhal
affections, phthisis, laryngitis, bronchial com-
plaints, rheumatism, gout, diabetes, age and
general weakness, Bright s disesase, phthisis,
scrofula. (The last should be treated close
to the sea-side). Asthma and emphysema
do well on the more elevated parts.
Life at Cannes is of the quiet order.
There are not many amusements, the theatre
1 88 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
only being open when the managers at Nice
send over a partial company. There is a
new casino however, and some good clubs,
and once one is acquainted in society there is
plenty of visiting to do. The walks are good,
as it only takes a few minutes to get out into
the country. The town is free from noise or
excitement. There are many fine villas at
Cannes, and large streets are laid out, but
these are overbuilt, and as yet not fully
occupied.
English Churches, — Three of them, and a
Scotch church.
Physicia7is. — Drs. Bright, Blanc, Frank,
Duke, Agnes Maclaren (English), and De
Valcourt (F.).
Dentists, — Hurlburt, Doremus (Ameri-
cans).
Hotels. — Pavillion, Princes, Grand, Belle-
vue, Anglais, Metropole, Continental, Gray
et Albion, Paradis, Beausite.
Bookseller. — Robaudy, Rue d'Antibes.
English reading room, No. 45, Rue de Fre-
jus. See Dr. Blanc's "Advice to Intending
Visitors to Canne3,''
GRASSE.
Grasse.
This little village is about eleven miles
north of Cannes, 1,050 feet altitude. The
train on the branch line takes forty minutes
to mount the inclined road which leaves the
main P.L.M.R.R. at La Bocca. There is
now a railway direct from Nice to Grasse,
S.R.R. The natural situation is one of great
picturesqueness, standing high upon the hill-
side. The village commands a view over all
the country extending to the sea.
Tt has some advantages over Cannes In the
matter of climate, being much better protected
from wind. The altitude also gives purer and
more sedative air ; on the other hand, it is a
cooler place than its neighbours. It is bene-
ficial to sufferers from asthma and gout, to
nervous invalids, and for insomnia, rheu-
matism, neuralgia, &c. The sanitary condition
is far from perfect, but the water supply is
good. A system of modern drainage is under
consideration. The excursions in these hills
are very fine. The Queen of England passed
one winter at Grasse (1891).
190 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE
Hotels, — Grand Hotel, Victoria.
Physicians. — Drs. Chabert, Laugier
(French).
Nice (Alpes Maritimes).
630 miles from Paris, P.L.M.R.R. ; 140
miies from Marseilles (Lyons station), direct
by the new trains in nineteen hours; 122
francs. From London, £'] i8s.
Climate of Nice, — There is great difficulty
in making people understand that the south
of France, in December, January and Feb-
ruary, is not a tropical climate. It is not so ;
it is simply one in which the cold of the
north is tempered, and rendered less severe,
by the sun. It is always warmer than the
north, and has a great number of sunny days,
when invalids can carry out the great object
of climatic treatment, viz., the spending of as
much thne as possible in the open air.
Nice (pronounced Neece) is in latitude N.
43° 41' 39" and 4° 55' 22" longitude E. It
has nearly 90,000 inhabitants and about
60,000 more during the winter. About a
million of people visit the city every year.
NICE (aLPES MARITIMES). I9I
It may be called the capital city of winter
health resorts. It is the only city on the
Riviera, the rest being towns. Cannes, with
20,000 population, is the next largest, but no
comparison is possible. The city lies in a
circle between the hill of Villefi^anche, which
protects it from the east winds, and the pro-
montory called Cap d'Antibes, which keeps
off partly the strong mistral wind, of which
much is said in works on the Midi. This
wind is a north-north-west one ; the peasants
call it the good wind," and to anyone in fair
health it has nothing unpleasant about it.
The local opinion is that it blows away much
that may do harm in the town. The sirocco
is the south or south-south-east wind, sup-
posed to come from the African deserts, and
it is rare at Nice. The mean atmospheric
pressure is 761 mm. Dryness is the chief
characteristic of the climate. It is a tonic,
exciting atmosphere. From October to May
there are 135 sunny days. The mean annual
temperature is 59 1° Fah. These climatic
figures vary as they do everywhere, and can
only be general in statement. We have our
192 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
mild and bad winters here as elsewhere, but
there are often winters when the thermometer
will not fall below 46° Fah. On the rare
occasions when frost occurs it is invariably
at night, and the bright morning sun makes
short work of it. Some years it actually
snows a litde in Nice itself, but it only
remains a few hours on the ground, and this
has never been more than part of one day in
any year. Fogs are unknown, and rain in
any quantity falls in October only. Thunder
and lightning are very rare, notwithstanding
the nearness to the mountains. In one word
there reign all the winter, in the middle of the
day, constantly clear blue skies, and there is
hardly ever a day when the invalid cannot
take a walk. It will look cloudy some morn-
ings, but it will be sure to clear up by 10 a.m.
The sanitary condition of Nice is the best
on the Riviera, and important measures are
being perfected to make it equal, if not superior,
to any city in the world. The water supply
is excellent in quality and quantity.
Therapeutics. — Here we place in the front
rank, on account of the dry, tonic, exciting
NICE (aLPES MARITIMES). 1 93
air, all feeble subjects, whether from age or
faulty constitution. Nice has been truly
called " The providence of the aged and
weak." All such subjects, and healthy old
people, find that their temperature is easily
kept up here, and a reaction is created by
the stimulating air. We are convinced that
many patients we have seen have prolonged
their lives by residing here in winter. Dys-
peptics do well ; every one of them in the
south gets a good appetite and assimilates
his food well. The action of the light air
and bright sunshine upon hypochondriacal
and anaemic patients, is too well known to
be more than mentioned. Diabetes, Bright's
and skin diseases are all relieved, as the
functions of the skin being better performed
here than in the north, the work of the other
organs is eased up. All women's complaints
are vastly improved. The menstrual func-
tion is well performed in the south. Para-
lysis, rheumatism, sciatica and gout are
constantly ameliorated. Scrofulous children,
the respiratory affections, bronchitis, pharyn-
gitis, laryngitis, &c., do well, and even
194 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
phthisis, under certain conditions, and in
chosen situations. Liver and spleen com-
plaints improve here where proper exercise
can be taken. In regard to insomnia, while
we admit that residence anywhere on the
direct Mediterranean Sea shore is exciting,
still we are convinced that no syrup of pop-
pies can compare in sleep-producing power
with sunshine and light, combined with ex-
ercises in the open air. Sunshine itself is
the best soporific, it has the most potent
influence; giving strength, beauty and cheer-
fulness. The climate, in short, is mild, and
life is so rich in this sunny land, where the
tonic sea air is redolent of flowers and mari-
time pine tree odour, that nearly all chronic
maladies are benefited by it.
Contra-indications. — The only exception
are certain forms of the mental or brain
troubles, which should be submitted to proper
examination by a competent specialist before
being sent to the Riviera.
In this place we may refer again to the
so - styled differential value of the winter
resorts on the Riviera. It is not possible
NICE (aLPES MARITIMEs). 1 95
that in these few miles of coast any substan-
tial difference of climate can exist. The
fact is, that the warmer places, such as
Beaulieu, Eza, &c., are very limited in ex-
tent, and are close under the hills. This is
true also for a certain portion of Mentone
and this accidental protection, or that afforded
by a clump of trees, keeps off the winds from
certain quarters, although they are all open to
the sea coast, and the one is just as much sub-
ject to winds as the other. The large towns
being built on the open plains, are not, of
course, so well protected by hills, but away
from the centre and close to the hills around
Nice, we can assure all seekers after the
exact truth that there exist just as well-
protected places as anywhere else, and that
everywhere along this coast the climate is
the same.
Nice has several distinct climatic zones;
the Marine, by the sea-side ; the Valley, by
Longchamps and Carabacel and the near
protecting hills. Then the hills themselves,
as Cimiez, &c., where the climate is more
sedative than in town. The environs of
ig6 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Nice are exceedingly beautiful. Passing
along the " Shelf," or Cornice road by the
sea and over the mountains, is a drive that
is a marvel of beauty and interest. In another
direction, to St. Andre, we have a road that
equals any part of Switzerland. Villefranche
is a small village in twenty minutes' drive,
where the fleets of the world meet in the great
land-locked harbour. A late writer says : —
One comes to Nice to amuse oneself, to
Cannes to live, and to Mentone to die ; " but
like many smart sayings, this is not exactly
the truth.
It would not be doing the place justice to
forget to mention the sea-bathing, which is
excellent in spring, summer and fall, and can
also be used by hardy bathers in winter when
the water is warmer than the air, and of course
much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.
There are no waves to speak of, and the beach
is pebble in front of the Promenade des
Anglais, but sandy at the Lazaret.
Physicians. — Drs. Ashmore - Noakes,
Brandt, W. A. Sturge and Gilchrist (Eng-
lish); Thomas Linn, M.D. (American phy-
sician), Quai Massena, i6.
NICE (aLPES MARITIMEs).
197
Dentists. — N. W. Williams and E. Frisbie,
D.D.S. (Americans), M. Shillcock (English).
English Chemists. — .Messrs. Nicholls and
Passerson, Quai Massena, 4.
Hotels. — The climate of Nice varies ac-
cording to the quarter of the city, and all
writers divide the place into three districts ;
the Very Bracing," or that along the sea-
shore ; the Plain," along the Ouais and
the central streets ; and thirdly, the part
under and on the Cimiez and Carabacel "
hills. We give a list of Nice hotels accord-
ing to this division.
Seashci^e Hotels. — Hotel Pension Suisse,
top of Midi Quai, near Port ; Hotel des
Princes, Ponchettes, well protected ; Hotel
Beau Rivage, Quai de Midi ; Hotel des Ang-
lais, this is the fine hotel that begins the
Promenade des Anglais, lately enlarged, lift
first-class house ; Hotel Luxumberg, on sea
shore ; Pension Revoir, on sea shore, reason-
able ; Hotel de la Mediterranee, good house
on next corner ; Hotel Westminster, large
hotel next on Promenade ; Hotel de Rome
and West End, large hotel next on Pro-
menade ; Hotel St. Petersbourg, follows, in
Garden ; Pension Anglaise, Marine Villa,
reasonable rates.
Central Hotels. — Hotel d'Angleterre, on
Public Garden, view of sea excellent ; Hotel
Grande Bretagne, first class, comes next on
[97A HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
the Gardens, lift, view of sea and casino ;
Hotel de France, on Quai Massena and New
Garden ; Hotel Cosmopolitain, first class es-
tablishment on Quai St. Jean Baptiste, oppo-
site casino, balls ; Hotel de la Paix, on same
Quai, expensive, princely ; Grand Hotel,
facing Square Massena, first class, balls ;
Grand Hotel Milliet, on Rue St. Etienne,
first class, reasonable rates, soirees ; Hotel
des Etrangers on Rue Pont Neuf, in old
town ; Hotel Grimaldi, on Place Grimaldi ;
Hotel Splendid, on Boulevard Victor Hugo ;
Hotel des Palmiers, on Boulevard Victor
Hugo, reasonable house ; Hotel Queen Vic-
toria, on Boulevard Victor Hugo, smaller
house ; Grand Hotel du Louvre, first class,
on corner Rue Alphonse Karr and Boulevard
Victor Hugo, well sheltered position, good
cuisine ; English Private Hotel, Mrs. Busby,
38, Rue Cotta ; English Private Hotel, Mrs.
Thompson, Villa Beau Sejour ; Hotel Pen-
sion Internationale, Rue Rossini, 3 ; Hotel
de Geneve and Continental, Avenue Du-
rante, enlarged; Grand Hotel Paradis and
Metropole, on Boulevard Victoi Hugo, first
class, fine position, quiet and select ; Grand
Hotel lies Brittaniques, on corner of the
Avenue de la Gare and Boulevard Victor
Hugo, open all the year, first class ; Hotel
des Empereurs, on Boulevard Dubouchage ;
Hotel Albion, on Boulevard Dubouchage;
NICE (aLPES MARITIMEs). I97B
Hotel Richemont, near the station ; Grand
Hotel Terminus, opposite station on arriv-
ing ; Hotel St. Barthelemy, or Villa Arson,
beyond the station, in St. Barthelemy district.
Carabacel Quarter. — Kraft's Grand Hotel
de N ice, fine house on hill at top of Boule-
vard Debouchage, first class ; Hotel Hol-
lande, close by ; Hotel Julien, close by ;
Hotel Bristol, on Boulevard Carabacel ;
Hotel de Paris, on Boulevard Carabacel ;
Hotel Carabacel, on Boulevard Carabacel.
Cimiez Dishnd, — This is the hill behind
Nice, well protected, climate sedative ; the
Riviera Palace, this new first class hotel was
opened in 1893, ^^^"7 ^^^^ house, good view
over Nice ; Grand Hotel de Cimiez, higher
up, excellent ; Pension Anglaise, near by the
last, reasonable ; Turkish Bath, Nice has an
excellent institution of this kind, "The
Hammam," Rue Buffa, conducted by Dr.
Bonnal.
Booksellers. — Galignani's, Visconti 's, Del-
becchi.
Local English Books. — Dr. Linn " On
Precautions for the Climate." The New
English Subscription Library at Credit
Lyonnais Bank, contains some 3,000 volumes
of the best works of travel, and everything
relating to the Riviera.*
* Beaidieu is fifteen minutes by R.R. on the road to
Mentone, fare less than a franc. By road over the
igS HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Monte Carlo and Monaco.
These two places, although quite different,
are close to each other in this smallest prin-
cipality in Europe, which measures about
eight square miles. These stations are
reached from Nice by the P.L.M.R.R. in
about thirty-five minutes ; two francs.
Monte Carlo itself is the most important
place ; although it cannot boast of 500 popu-
lation it has a million visitors per year. It
is extremely small, has almost no shops or
streets, only a most beautiful garden, and a
hill by Villefranche in three-quarters of an hour, half
a franc. By neighbouring hills. This pretty little
place, with its neighbours Eza and Tttrbie-stir-Mer, are
the best protected spots on this coast. It is so warm
here that the place is called Little Africa." It is
close under the mountains that tower above it, while
it is exposed to the full influence of the sun. Lord
Salisbury passes some time here in his new Villa
Bastide. Dr. Buderi, of Paris, has a house just
below, and the whole country about here is being
taken up rapidly by English and others for villas.
//o^^/5. —Besides the Grand Hotels Anglais, Beau-
lieu and Metropole, other large establishments are
MONTt: CARLO AND MONACO.
199
few roads running up the sides of the hill on
which it stands. They are lined by fine
hotels and good villas. It is one of the
most beautiful spots on the Riviera, but
is morally very ugly. Were it not for
the gambling tables it would become one of
the most popular health resorts along this
coast, as it is fairly well protected and warm
under the hills. The mean winter tempera-
ture is 48° Fah. It has excellent sea-bathing.
projected. The place is as yet but a village, no shops
or amusements but walking and driving.
Physician. — Dr. Jais Durel.
It need hardly be said that all cases for which the
Riviera is suitable, do well here.
Ajaccio, in the Island of Corsica, can be reached
well from Nice by Morelli line of Steamers, leaving
every Saturday at 5 p.m. It is claimed that there is
but slight variation of temperature here, and but little
dust.
The climate is certainly an excellent one, the wind
being less than in the Riviera ; but the steamer trip
and the small number of English here makes its de-
velopment slow. The mean humidity^being greater
than the resorts on the French and Italian sides,
cases of dry bronchitis and asthma do well.
Hotel. — Continental.
Physicians, — Dr. Malgreni and Dr. Trotter (E.),
200 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Monaco itself, and indeed Monte Carlo, close
to the lower part near the casino, is exposed
somewhat to winds, and there are no level
walks.
Physicians. — Drs. Fagge, Fitzgerald,
Hutchinson, and Mitchell (all English).
Hotels. — (All dear.) Princes, Beau-Rivage,
Grand Hotel, Anglais, Metropole, Russie,
Prince de Galles.
Mentone (Alpes Maritime).
It is close to the Italian frontier and
reached by the same line as that to Nice, one
hour farther on ; three francs from Nice.
From London, ^8, in twenty-two hours.
Mentone is fifteen miles from Nice, 154
miles from Marseilles. It is a small town of
about 12,000 population. The coast line of
the Maritime Alps here rise as high as 4,000
feet, making a sort of semi-circle of hills that
give an almost perfect protection to one part
of the town. For this reason that part of
Mentone certainly has a milder climate than
the rest of the larger stations on the Riviera.
MENTONE (aLPES MARITIME). 20I
We have before explained that the only-
difference in climate in any of the places
from Hyeres to Mentone is caused by the
hills coming so close to the shore that they
leave only room for a road and some houses
squeezed in between the base of the moun-
tains and the sea-shore, the more favourable
place for warmth is at all times under the
protection of the hills. This is to be found,
as we said before, at all the stations in more
or less degree. When there is any consider-
able valley opening out and bringing cool
currents of air down from the screen of
mountains which should keep off the north
winds, it naturally follows that all within its
influence must submit to a more or less cold
climate. There is also something in the
fact that Mentone has rather bare limestone
mountains over its sheltered part, and owing
to the absorption of the sun rays by these
rocks, and the gradual giving up of this heat
during the night, the temperature is made
higher than elsewhere. The East bay at
Mentone is called ''A sun trap," and its hot
relaxing air is not at all suitable to many
202 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
persons ; certainly not for those who are
fairly well and need bracing. The sanitation
is not first class.
Therapeutics, — Phthisis or consumption is
certainly better treated by climate in Mentone
than the other stations. A careful study of
each case must be made by a local physician.
Scrofula, chronic gouty and rheumatic affec-
tions in those who like warmth and a quiet
indolent life, laryngeal diseases, bronchitis,
&c., and skin diseases do well here.
Contra - indications. — Epilepsy, nervous
maladies of certain kinds, violent hysteria.
The mean temperature is for the six winter
months 46" and for the whole year 61''.
The dryness being 68 per cent, eighty-
one days' rain in the whole year, twenty-
four inches in all. The drainage has been
improved of late. The walks are not good,
being very hilly. The place is exceedingly
dull, being almost given up to invalids.
Physicians. — Drs. Fitzhenry, Siordet,
Marriott and Stanley- Rendall (all English).
Booksellers. — Bretrand and Queyrot. See
" English Guide to Mentone."
PAU (basses PYR^NI^ES). 203
Hotels, — National, Orient, Louvre, Princes,
Isles Brittaniques, Ambassadeurs, West-
minster, Grand, Bellevue, &c.'^
Pau (Basses Pyrj^ni^es).
475 miles from Paris. Orleans and S. of
F.R.R., seventeen hours, ninety-four francs.
From London,
We must now jump to the other side of
France, and leave the Riviera to speak of
Pau (pronounced P6), It has been for a
long time recommended as a winter station ;
and upon this complex question of climate
* Cap Martin or Cape St. Martin. Looking to
the left of Monte Carlo this promontory is seen like a
great whale rising from the sea. It is covered with
a forest of pines and olives, the ground sloping down
to the sea on every side, and seems destined to a
great future. This tongue of sand has just had a fine
hotel built upon it. The Empress Eugenie has bought
land there for a villa, and a number of English vis-
itors to this coast have done the same thing. The
cape is two miles west of Mentone, andean be reached
by tramway from there and easily from Monte Carlo,
Hotel. —Cai^ St. Martin.
204 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
we Wish to be entirely impartial. Many
writers recommending a certain place to the
detriment of another will speak of tempera-
ture as all important. Those who wish a
winter station that is really hot should go to
Senegal, Madagascar, &c., but the real in-
fluence of climate depends on a complication
of circumstances. For those who seek sun-
shine and fine weather, Pau is scarcely a
fitting winter resort, as it has a tolerably
severe winter. On the other hand it has
none of the sudden transmissions from cold
to heat like Nice, and it is not windy. The
climate is sedative and humid. The altitude
is 660 feet. The mean temperature is 42° Fah.
for the winter. There are 119 wet days.
The atmosphere is still, and during the
season much more rain falls than on the
Mediterranean. Frost, snow and cold nights
are also seen in winter. The town is in a
fine situation on a plateau looking out on the
Pyrenean hills, fifteen miles distant, 125 miles
south of Bordeaux. The sanitation is fair,
and the hotels are good. 30,000 inhabitants.
A good English club, fox-hunting and other
PARIS (seine).
205
gatherings in the English style, makes the
place popular with English people.
Therapeutics. — Dry bronchitis, irritable,
nervous complaints, emphysema, and all
diseased states associated with increased
nervous and vascular action.
Contra-indications. — Nervous debility or
weakness, rheumatism. Those who feel de-
pressed in a damp place should keep away.
Physicians. — Drs. Bagnell, Hunt, Clay
(all English).
Hotels. — France, Gassion, Beau Sejour.
Bookseller. — Ariza, Rue de la Prefecture.
Paris (Seine).
The great French capital (le beau Paris of
the French) is certainly the most beautiful
city in the world. It is 288 miles from
London (^3). Population about 2,500,000,
of whom it is estimated there are i2,oof
English, and some 5,000 American residents.
The English are in large part of the working
classes ; the Americans are mostly abroad for
pleasure or for health. The mean winter
temperature of Paris is about 38° Fah., the
8
206 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
annual 51°. The climate is temperate, not
very severely cold in winter, and the summers
are never extremely hot. The great city,
however, is not suitable for invalids in winter,
the v/inds being raw and chilly with much
damp weather. The summers are not bracing.
N.B. — The French doctors do not often
speak English. It would be best to get a
resident English or American physician to
explain when needing consultations with the
specialists, whose addresses and hours they
have.*
* Many persons, on arriving in a new town, are
in the habit of asking almost any stranger to re-
commend them a physician. But we cannot too
strongly advise English and American travellers to
be chary of patronising either professional or com-
mercial people, who are recommended by servants,
couriers, concierges, hotel agents, &c., without having
first inquired of their consul or clergyman, or of some
friend, as to the standing of the persons recom-
mended.
It would be well for persons visiting Europe to
obtain the addresses of competent professional m.en
before leaving home, because local advice is not
always disinterested, and the poor stranger may be
confided to the tender mercies of an advertising
quack. It not unfrequently happens that interested
parties plot together, as a matter of personal gain,
without any regard whatever for the well-being of
those whom they advJsQ
physicians in taris. 20/
English and American Physicians in
Paris.
E. English, A. American,
Dr. Anderson, 5, Rue du Bois de Bou-
logne. E.
Dr. C. K. Austin, 29, Rue Cambon. A.
Dr. J. H. Barnard, 362, Rue St.-Honore.
Dr. G. Halsted Boyland, 73, Avenue
d'Antin. A.
Dr. G. J. Bull, 4, Rue de la Paix (eye
specialist). A.
Dr, J. Chapman, 31, Avenue de I'Opera,
E.
Dr. A. S. Clarke, 2, Rue Cambaceres. A.
Dr. B. F. Deering, 3, Rue Godot-Mauroi.
A.
Dr. Sherwood Dunn, 15, Rue des Pyra-
mides. A.
Dr. Dupuy, 53, Avenue Montaigne. E.
Dr. J. Faure-Miller, 28, Rue Matignon.
E.
Dr. R. Faure-Miller, 28, Rue Miromesnil.
E.
Dr. R. R. Good, 23, Avenue du Bois de
Boulogne. A.
2o8 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Dr. Hon. A. Herbert, i8, Rue Duphot. E.
Dr. Oscar Jennings, 88, Avenue Kleber.
E.
Dr. C. J. Loughan, i8, Rue de Berri. E.
Dr. Nachtel, 3, Rue Scribe. A.
Dr. Prendergast, i, Rue d'Anjou. E.
Dr. G. E. Pellerau, 8, Rue du Commandant
Riviere. E.
Dr. J. G. Ponce, 2, Rue Pierre Charron.
S.A.
Dr. Pike, 44, Rue Francois P'- A.
Dr. Max Ferdinand Hein, 31, Rue Tron-
chet. A.
Dr. A. J. Magnin. A.
Paris (French) Specialists.
Surgeons. — Professors Lannelongue, Ver-
neuil; Drs. Segond, Campenon, Peyrot,
Reclus, Pean, Labbe.
Genito -Urinary. — Prof. Guyon, Drs.
Tuffier, Ricard, Fort.
Physicians. — Professors Germain See,
Potain, Dieulafoy, Bouchard, Hayem,
Jaccoud, Debove. Dr. H. Huchard; Drs.
Rendu, Dujarin-Beaumetz, Han ot.
iPARis (french) specialists. 2o8a
Nervous Diseases. — Drs. De Jerine, Dr.
R. R. Good, Dr. Raymond, Gilles de la
Tourette.
A ccoucheurs. — Professor Tarnier ; Dr.
P. Budin.
Women s Diseases. — Drs. Pazzi, Doleris,
Cheron, Luteaud, Apostoli, Auvard.
MedicO'LegaL — Professors Browardel,
Proust.
Eye Diseases. — Professor Panas ; Drs.
Galezowski, Landolt, Abadie, and Dr. Bull.
Ear Diseases. — Drs. Loewenberg, Cartaz.
Larynx and Throat. — Drs. Fauvel, Gou-
guenheim, and Dr. Baratoux.
Children s Diseases. — Professor Grancher ;
Drs. J. Simon, Hutinel, Sevastre, Legroux.
Skin Diseases. — Drs. Besnier, Brocq,
Quinquaud, Hallopeau.
Syphilis. — Professor Fournier : Drs.
Mauriac, Langlebert.
Mental. — Drs. Magnan, Ballet, Sollier.
Electricity, — Drs. Vigoureux, Onimus,
Larat.
American Dentists. — Drs. Thomas Evans, *
Barclay, both in Rue de la Paix ; Davenport,
2o8b health RiESORTS OF EUROPE.
Woodward, John Evans, Hugenschmldt,
Bougue, Crane, Du Bouchet, Spaulding,
Shelly, N. W. Williams.
E^igUsh Dentists. — Drs. Moore, Neech.
English- A7nerican Chemists. — Roberts and
Co., Rue de la Paix, 5 ; Rogers, Rue de la
Havre, i; T. Hogg, Rue Castiglione, 2 ; Dr.
W. Douglas Hogg, Champs Elysees, 62 ;
Swanii, Rue Castiglione, 10 ; Beral-Wasson,
Rue de la Paix, 14.
(The chemists will give addresses and
hours of all doctors, dentists, nurses, mas-
seurs, &c.)
209
GERMANY.
The climate of Germany proper is some-
thing like that of the Northern States of
America, but the winter's cold is modified
by the moist Atlantic breezes. At Hanover
notably the annual mean is 60° to 52^, and
the mean of January is 24° F. The valley
of the Rhine, at Bonn and Wiesbaden, even
may be spoken of as the mildest part, but
no place in Germany can be recommended
for a winter station for delicate patients who
have anything the matter with the respira-
tory passages. The mineral water Spas are
crowded in July and August, and the treat-
ment is thorough, long and tedious. At
most of the stations there is a small **cur"
tax to pay, which gives admission to reading
rooms and casinos, and secures good music
in the place. The systems of drainage, as
a general rule, are bad, but in certain places
2IO HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
they have been much improved in late years
Germany and Austria are favoured with
good table water springs, very fortunately,
for the ordinary or river water is often unfit
to drink. Many of these springs, used for
drinking at home, such as the Apollinaris,
Friedrichshall, &c., are not visited as stations.
211
SULPHUR WATERS.
Aix-la-Chapelle, or Aachen.
251 miles from Paris, N.R.R. direct in
nine and a-half hours ; cost forty-five francs.
From London, ;!^5.
Aachen waters are hot sulphur springs,
116° to 166° F. They are near the Belgium
frontier, four hours from Brussels. They
are strongly sulphurous, containing sulphu-
retted hydrogen, carbonic acid gas, chloride
of sodium, &c. Inunctions of hydrarg are
used with the baths, and the waters are also
taken internally.
Therapeutics. — The specialities are syphilis,
chronic rheumatism, skin diseases, gout and
paralysis.
Aachen and Bt^7^tscheid make together the
largest town watering-place in Europe, form-
ing a single large city of over 100,000 popu-
lation. It is indeed one of the chief cities
212 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
of the Rhenish province in the German
Empire. The altitude is 734 feet. The
number of visitors 20,000. The baths are
open all the year. May to September is,
however, the principal season, and the most
favourable time for such baths and treatment.
It is rather a warm place, and the sanitary
state is much like all the towns in Germany.
The water supply has been lately improved
at great cost to the city. The average tem-
perature is 54' F., the number of rainy days
no. There are fine drives in the Aachen
Wald or forest, but the city is not very lively
or interesting. The treatment, however, is
thorough and excellent ; this is one of the
" serious " places. From an historical point
of view the city is interesting, being Charle-
magne's old home, and the cathedral claims
special notice as a valuable museum of
architecture.
As to walks, Aix is not like so many of
the mineral water stations, a pleasant country
village ; but the tramways are cheap, and
one can get out of town very quickly.
Physicians, — (There are sixty of them ;
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, OR AACHEN.
213
most of these speak English.) Drs. Brandis,
Schuhmacher, Schuster, Mayer, Beyssel.
Hotels. — Grande Monarque, Grand Hotel,
Bellevue, Empereur, Unions- Hotel, Du-
bigke, Kaiserhof, Grand Hotel Rosenbath,
and the Schlossbath at Borcette-Aachen.
Bookseller, — Rudolph Barth. See " Aix-
la-Chapelle as a Health Resort," in English,
written by several doctors of the place.
* Weilbach, about fourteen miles from Frankfort, has
a cold sulphur spring, and so have Langenhruchen,
Netmdorfj Eilsen, and Meinbevg, but they are not fre-
quented by English or American people,
214
SALINE SPRINGS.
Baden-Baden (Grand Duchy of Baden).
Route. — E. of F. by Strasburg, 354 miles,
fourteen hours, sixty-five francs. From
London, gs.
There are thirteen warm chloride of sodium
springs at Baden at a temperature of from
110° to 154'' Fah. They contain sixteen
grains of common salt to the pint, and it is
said a little arsenic. They have no smell,
and but little gas. The taste is not agree-
able. They are diaphoretic, diuretic, laxa-
tive, and tonic, and excite the secretions.
They resemble those of Wiesbaden, and
have been recommended in many diseases,
but they are of the order of waters called
" Indifferent," and not remarkably efficacious.
Therapeutics, — Rheumatism, gout, gastric
catarrh, slight cases of scrofula and malaria.
They are also claimed for bronchial and
BADEN-BADEN.
Other catarrhs of the respiratory tract, but
for these cases the cHmate is somewhat vari-
able. There is a very fine estabHshment,
the Friedrichbad," with all hydro-thera-
peutic requirements. It contains baths of
all kinds — Russian, pine, electric and swim-
ming. There is also a section for Swedish
massage and gymnastic movement treatment.
These baths are open all the year ; the
prices are fixed by the government. There
are milk, herb and grape cures.
Baden-Baden is twenty-five miles south of
Karlsruhe, six miles from the Rhine, and
thirty miles from Strasburg on the River
Oosbach. Its altitude is 650 feet ; popula-
tion 14,000, and it receives a large number
of visitors. Even now, since gambling is
no longer allowed, as many as 50,000 people
visit the place in summer. Its situation is
charming, and its environs are certainly
beautiful, built as it is on the Schlossberg-
Hilland sheltered by the lower ranges of the
Black Forest. It is a pretty summer place,
and it has been for many years a favourite
resort of the aristocracy of Europe. The
2l6 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
races at Iffezheim are a great attraction in
September, and the climate is warm and
variable during the season. It rains a good
deal. The sanitary arrangements are better
than in many German places. The theatre,
conversation house, balls and concerts are
first-rate, and the promenades are excellent,
the Schloss," whence on bright days the
cathedral at Strasburg can be seen, Eberstcin
Castle, the Hermitage, Falls of Allerheiligen,
Geroldsau, &c.
English Church. — Rev. T. A. White,
Langestrasse 33.
Physicians. — Heiligenthal, Berton, Oeffen-
ger, Baumgartner.
Hotels. — Victoria, De France, Russie,
D'Angleterre, Europe, Minerva, Bellevue,
Badischer Hof.
The bookseller at Friedrich's Baths has
local guides in various languages.
Expenses. — Baden is rather dear for Ger-
many, but there are plenty of small hotels,
such as the Trois Rois and M tillers, and
many houses have furnished rooms to let, so
living need not be dean
NAUHEIM (hESSE-DARMSTADT).
217
Nauheim (Hesse-Darmstadt).
454 miles from Paris, via Metz and Frank-
fort, sixteen hours ; eighty francs. From
London, £6.
These important salt water springs and
works vary from 83° to 100^ Fah., and con-
tain carbonic acid gas. The taste is bitter
and salt, yet the gas makes it agreeable to
drink. One of these springs throws a jet
forty feet high. Their high temperature,
richness in common salt and carbonic acid
gas make these waters tonic and laxative,
while they are exciting to the skin.
They produce 17,000 quintals of salt per
year. The gas being abundant, baths of it
are given.
Therapeutics. — Scrofula, tuberculosis,
lymphatism in general, chlorosis and ansemia,
sciatica, gout and rheumatism, eczema,
psoriasis.
Co7it7'a-indications. — As they determine
congestion to certain organism, feeble people
should not use them except under the doctor's
orders.
2j8 health resorts of EUROPE.
Bad Nauheim is twenty miles from Frank-
fort, and only a short distance from Hom-
burg, but it is a very quiet place compared
to its neighbour. Population, 3,000 ; 8,000
visitors. Altitude, 500 feet. The prome-
nades are good, to Johannisberg, ruins of
Teichaus, Friedberg. The climate is mild
in summer, with a light, bracing air.
Physicians. — Drs. Bode, Friedlander,
Mliller, Schott.
Hotels. — Kursaal, Europe, Bellevue, Pen-
sion Victoria.
HOMBURG.
477 miles from Paris. N. of F.R.R.
via Cologne and Frankfort, thirteen hours,
eighty francs. It is only ten miles out from
Frankfort on the Maine in thirty minutes rail.
From London eighteen hours, £a^ iis.
Waters. — There are five cold springs of
saline ferruginous acidulated water. Their
principal constituents are chloride of sodium,
chloride of calcium, iron, lithium and carbonic
acid. The direct effect of three of the waters
(Elizabeth, Kaiser and Ludwig) are an in-
HOMBURG.
219
creased flow of the gastric juice, increased
appetite and more active peristaltic motion
of the bowels.
Another effect of the waters which is, how-
ever, only to be found in two of them, the
Stahl and the Louisen-Brunnen, is their tonic
action, which may be ascribed to the great
amount of ferrous carbonate contained in
them. Drinking the water is the principal
treatment ; a great improvement is the new
and handsome '* Kaiser- Wilhelmsbad," where
various kinds of baths are given (pine, mud
and salt baths, with and without carbonic acid).
Therapeutics. — Dyspepsia, chronic consti-
pation, catarrhal troubles of stomach and in-
testines, liver diseases, chlorosis and anaemia,
gout, malaria.
Contra - indications. — Congestion and
haemorrhages.
Honibm'g, called Vor der Hohe," because
it is at the base of the Taunus Mountains.
Altitude, 650 feet. Has a population of
9,000; number of visitors, 12,000. The
climate is bracing and healthy, rather cool
and dry in summer.
The sanitary conditions are of the highes:i
order as far as drainage and sewerage works
are concerned. The waterworks, which are
abundantly supplied from springs high up
the Taunus Mountains, furnish the town with
good and pure drinking water.
The centre attraction in Homburg is the
imposing Kurhaus, one of the largest and, in
220 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE,
its interior arrangements, most elegant of all
similar buildings in Germany. It contains
reading rooms, magnificent concert, ball and
dining rooms and a splendid theatre. Ad-
joining is the Kurgarten with its famous
terrace and the concert pavilion. The place
is quite international, and is said to have as
many English and American visitors as Ger-
man. The Prince of Wales is a rep^ular
visitor here. There are an English and a
Scotch church. The woods and walks about
Homburg are all in its favour. In the beauti-
ful and extensive park is a magnificent
lawn tennis ground, with thirty-six courts,
a small and a large golf ground and places for
cricket and rounders.
Physicians. — For names see local papers.
All the physicians speak English.
Hotels, — Bellevue, Park, Victoria, Russie,
Four Seasons, Eagle, Windsor, Central, &c.
Books (on Homburg), by Drs. Deetz,
Hoeber, Labet, Schetelig, Will, Weber.
KissiNGEN (Bavaria).
554 miles from Paris, N. of F.R.R., via
Frankfort and Wurzburg, eighteen hours ;
eighty francs. From London, ^5 is. Qd.
Waters, — Six cold saline springs. The
Rakoczy " is the best known. The water
is not very limpid ; it turns a bluish colour,
and has a styptic taste. These are purgative,
diuretic and exciting waters. Over 400,000
bottles are sent abroad per year. The whey
KISSINGEN (bAVARIA).
22 T
cure IS used here, and carbonic acid gas baths
are given.
Thcrapetitics. — Atony of the intestines,
gastric catarrh, dyspepsia, stomach com-
plaints, amenorrhoea, scrofula, gout, nervous
affections, malaria.
After-cures. — The iron waters.
Kissingen in the Saale, a healthy valley.
Altitude, 640 feet ; population, 5,000 ; visitors,
20,000, from May to September. The
climate is mild, although the air is rather
close in summer and a little damp ; this, how-
ever, must be said of most of the German
places. A handsome Kursaal and fine Kur-
garten are popular. Bismarck is a frequent
visitor. The surrounding country is pretty,
and there are interesting excursions to Alten-
berg, Staffels, Bodenlaube and Kreuzberg.
Bocklet and Bruckenau are two iron springs
only five miles off that are used as after-cures.
The life in Kissingen is very quiet, not to say
dull. The water is drawn up from the wells
here by men, a different arrangement from
that which is usual at most places, where
neatly dressed girls hand the water to visitors
The sanitation is fair.
2 22 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Physicians. — Drs. Dietz, Stohr. The old-
fashioned custom here is to have open-air
consultations under the trees.
Hotels. — Royal Kurhaus, Russie, Victoria,
Angleterre, Kaiserhof.
Books. — Dr. Granville's Kissingen, its
Sources and Resources."
Kreuznach (Rheinish Prussia).
E. of F.R.R., via Forbach, fourteen hours,
sixty-eight francs. From London, £^ 15s*
It is eight miles from Mayence, one hour or
ten miles from Bingen on the Rhine.
Waters. — They are bromo-iodurated
waters and used as the saline springs in
general.
Therapeutics, — Scrofulous affections, female
diseases, gout and skin diseases, fibroid
tumours.
Kreuznach, called Soolbad-Kreuznach, is
on the Nahe ; it has a population of 19,000,
and many thousands of visitors. The season
is May to October. The climate is fairly
mild. There is a good casino, or Kursaal, on
a wooded island on the Nahe. There are
SODEN.
223
nearly a hundred villas around it. The cure
is a long one, six weeks being considered
necessary. The baths are given in the
hotels. There is a small place called Mlin-
ster am Stein near by which has saline
waters. Good fishing and boating and fine
excursions in the neighbourhood. Living is
not expensive here.
Physicians. — Drs. Engelmann, Jung,
Strahl, Bardach, Weber.
Hotels. — Kurhaus- Hotel. First-class hotel,
beautifijlly situated in the Kurpark. Baths
in the Hotel. Oranienhof du Nord, Europe.
SoDEN.
440 miles fi:*om Paris, 18 hours, N.R.R.,
vii Frankfort. It is only a half hour on branch
line from the city, and 9 miles from Homburg.
Hochst is the branch station.
Waters. — These springs have lately been
much spoken of in England. There are
twenty-four of them, and they resemble those
of Homburg, but are stronger, being laxative
and tonic.
Therapeutics. — The specialities are chronic
2 24 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
throat diseases, scrofula and the usual troubles
treated at salt-baths.
Soden-am-Taumts is a pretty place in a
valley surrounded by mountains. It is re-
nowned for its roses and rich verdure. The
altitude is 451 feet ; population, 1,400. Soden
claims to be a climatic station as well as a
salt spring. Its climate is, in fact, quite soft
and equable, and German invalids spend
much time here in the open air in hammocks
suspended from the trees which surround all
the houses. The life here is very quiet and
soothing, but by no means bracing. It is
suitable for those who need sedation and
calm, and it is becoming popular with the
English invalids. The promenades to Drei
Linden, Koenigstein, Kronthal and its
waters, Homburg, &c., are interesting.
Physicians. — Drs. Thilenius, Haupt,
Hughes, Stoltzing, Fresenius,
Hotels. — Kurhaus, Colossus, Frank-
furter Hof, Europe.
Wiesbaden.
405 miles from Paris, E. of F.R.R., via
Pagny ; fifteen hours, eighty francs. From
WIESBADEN.
225
London, ^"3 145.9(1. The waters are warm
alkaline salines, 155° to 160°. The spring
called Kochbrunnen is the type. It has fifty
grains of common salt to a pint of water.
The waters taste somewhat Hke weak chicken
broth — very weak soup we should say.
Therapeutics, — Gout, catarrh of stomach
and intestines, rheumatism, scrofula, skin
diseases, liver and spleen troubles.
Wiesbaden is a city of 55,000 inhabitants ;
there are 80,000 visitors ; the altitude is 360
feet. The baths are given all the year round,
but like all such places it is most frequented
in summer. This station does not rely only
on its waters, but gives milk, whey, grape,
compressed air and massage cures. It is
also proud of its many excellent cheap amuse-
ments, and of its educational resources. It
even claims to be a winter station for climate,
but this is hardly to be admitted. In summer
the climate is very hot, mosquitoes being
abundant, and it is cold in winter. It is said,
however, that the cold is dry, being mostly
accompanied by a clear atmosphere. The
city lies in a broad open valley, protected on
226
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
the north and east by the Taunus hills, while
it is exposed to the south. The streets are
clean, wide, and well drained. The water is
^ood, the sanitation very fair. The walks
and drives are not so pretty as at Baden-
Baden ; but see Dietenmiihle, Geisberg,
the Mausoleum of the Duke of Nassau,
Neroberg, &c. Drive also to Schlangenbad
and Schwalbach.
English Church. — Frankfurter Strasse.
Physicians. — Drs. Pagenstecher, Ricker,
Hezger, Pfeiffer, Hofmann and Ziemssen.
Hotels. — Quatre Saisons, Kaiserbad, Vic-
toria, Grand, Hotel Rose, Rhine. Many of
the hotels are bathing houses, as the baths
are to be had in private establishments as
well as in the large central one.
227
ALKALINE AND fNDIFFERENT
WATERS.
Ems (Duchy of Nassau).
375 miles from Paris, via Cologne, N.R.R.,
sixteen hours ; sixty-eight francs. From
London, 19s.
Waters. — These are hot alkaline springs,
1 1 5" to 85'' Fah. There are twenty of them.
Therapeutics. — The great treatment here
is for catarrh of all kinds, bronchial and
laryngeal ; women's diseases, sterility, nervous
dyspepsia, gout and many other troubles.
Bad Ems is on the Lahn, five miles from
Nassau, altitude 300 feet ; has a population
of 8,000. The place is all hotels and lodg-
ing - houses. The number of visitors is
18,000. Milk and whey cures are used, as
well as the terrain Kur. The climate is mild
for central Germany, and the summers are
hot and moderately moist. The baths have
228 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
been named Violet," Pearl," &c. The
natural situation is beautiful, with pretty
shaded walks. A covered way will be seen
here made for the late Emperor William.
The society is good, and the place quiet, with
excellent music. The railway up the Miihl-
berg, 900 feet, is useful, taking one up out
of the hot valley in summer. The health
reports are satisfactory. Many Russians come
here, as well as English and Americans.
Physicians, — Drs. Doring, Fiottmann,
Geisse, Orth, Reuter and Vogler.
Hotels, — Kurhaus, Angleterre, Quatre
Saisons, Bristol, France.
Neuenahr (Rhenish Prussia).
N. of F., via Cologne, thirteen hours ;
sixty francs. From London, 8s.
Waters. — These are excellent, warm, al-
kaline springs, 97° Fah.
Therapeutics. — Diabetes, chronic throat
and pulmonary affections, chronic Bright's
disease, gout, hysteria, &c.
Bad Neue7iahr, altitude 760 feet, is in the
NEUENAHR (rHENISH PRUSSIA). 2 2$
Ahr valley, between Bonn and Coblentz, on
the left bank of the Rhine. The v/aters are
weaker than those of Ems. It is a very
quiet and cheap place, with a mild climate
and no sudden changes, but there are some
mists in the morning. The sanitary con-
dition is satisfactory. Promenades to Al-
tenahr, Landskron, 990 feet, Apollinaris
spring and its mountain ; fine Rhine scenery,
There are fine new bath buildings here.
Physicians, — Drs. Schmitz, Teschemacher,
Unschuld.
Hotels, — Kurhaus, Victoria, Hollande,
SCHLANGENBAD (HeSSE NaSSAu).
405 miles from Paris, E. of F.R.R., nine-
teen hours ; seventy-eight francs. From
London ^6 2s. ; five miles from station
Eltville.
Waters, — Nine indifferent springs, 95° F.
They have been called ''liquid velvet
waters ; " they have a soothing effect on the
skin, and are considered cosmetic. It is a
ladies' bath.
230 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROP^.
Therapeutics. — Diseases of the nervous
system, hysteria, neuralgia, skin diseases.
Schlangenbad is only eight miles from
Wiesbaden, at an altitude of 950 feet. It is
a very small place ; population 500 ; but re-
ceives as many as 6,000 visitors some years.
The name means serpent's bath, from a
harmless snake caught here, the Columber
fiavescens. The climate is mild, but subject
to variations. It is, in fact, a quiet secluded
spot suitable to nervous patients. There
are some picturesque shady alleys and walks
in the forest, also to Rauenthal, Eberbach,
Niederwald, &c.*
English Church service in Nassauer Hotel.
Physicians. — Drs. Baumann, Wolff,
Grossmann.
Hotels, — Victoria, Berlin, Swiss, Royal,
Casino.
* Wildbad, in the Black Forest, is another of these
indifferent waters. It is used in baths only, and not
frequented much by EngHsh or Americans.
231
IRON WATERS.
Pyrmont (Waldeck).
487 miles from Paris N.R.R., via Cologne,
eighteen hours ; seventy-eight francs. From
London, £6 is.
Waters. — These seven cold ferruginous
springs are really compound chalybeate and
saline waters, somewhat stronger than
Schwalbach and St. Moritz. The taste of
the Stahlbrunnen, or steel spring, is salt and
bitter.
Therapeutics. — Anaemia and chlorosis,
female complaints, atonic form of dyspepsia,
hysteria. (Used like Kissingen waters also.)
Pyrmont is forty-five miles and two hours
from Hanover on the Emmer ; altitude, 400
feet; population, 2,000; visitors, 12,000. It is
in one of the elevated valleys of North Ger-
many. The climate is mild and healthy
with, however, some sharp variations in the
^32 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPJ^.
temperature. It is one of the oldest spas,
but not the most picturesque. It is an
agreeable and comfortable place, and not
dear. The best excursions are, the Konigs-
berg, Friedensthal, Hornberg, Exterstein,
Dunsthohle and its jet of carbonic acid gas.
Physicians. — Drs. Schiicking, Kohler,
Lynker, Seebohm.
Hotels. — Grosses Bad, Lippescher Hof,
Krone, Waldecker Hof, Des Bains.
Books. — See Dr. Seebohm's Pyrmont
Spa."
SCHWALBACH, OR LaNGEN ScHWALBACH
(Nassau).
408 miles from Paris, seventeen hours ;
eighty francs. From London, £6 4s. Eltvilie
Station, and then a drive of eight miles.
Waters. — They are cold iron springs and
mud baths. They are charged with carbonic
acid gas, and pleasant to drink.
Therapeutics. — Female complaints are the
great speciality at this station. Anemia and
chlorosis, nervous diseases, sterility, exhaus
SCHWALBACII (nASSAU).
tion after confinement and loss of blood,
hysteria, &c. After cure for Wiesbaden.
It is the iron cure of Germany.
Before-Cti^^r — It is considered a good
plan for patients to go first to Soden or Ems
for a short cure before taking these waters.
The trains in Germany are filled with travel-
lers from one bathing station to another in
sumxmer. It is quite the habit v/ith the Ger-
mans to take both "first cures" and ''after
cures."
Schwalbach, or Langen Schwalbach, so called
owing to its long street of straggling houses,
is 65 feet above the Rhine and 1,090 feet
above sea ; population, 3,000 ; and it has
7,000 visitors in the season, from May to
October. Its situation is very pretty in a
healthy valley surrounded by forests, having
pleasant walks in them. The climate is
rather pleasant after Wiesbaden's heat. The
life is quiet, and little is to be seen but
weak, anaemic ladies. There is, however,
the usual Kursaal and its music and balls.
Living is not dear. Promenades to Eisen-
hammer, Adolphseck, Hohenstein.
234 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
English Church.
Physicians. — Drs. Bohm, Grebert, Frick-
hofer.
Hotels. — Metropole Quellenhof, Duke
Nassau, Berliner Hof.
235
SEA BATHING.
CUXIIAVEN
This bathing place is at the mouth of the
Elbe, near Hamburg, in Hanover, on the
North Sea. It is a pilot station for vessels
arriving at Hamburg, and can be best
reached by diligence from Bremerhaven and
Geestemunde twice a day in six hours. It
is a very pleasant little sea-side place. Dr.
Halssen.
Hotels. — Belvedere, Dolles.
Heligoland.
This island is six hours by steamer from
Hamburg, and five from Bremerhaven, but
can be reached from Cuxhaven in two and
a half hours. It is thirty-five miles from
Cuxhaven in the North Sea, and only one
miile wide, and has only lately been ceded to
9
236 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Germany by England. It is a splendid sea-
bathing place, having a good sandy beach.
The cliffs are of red sandstone and are very
picturesque, and when lit up show fine effects
of light and shade. The population is 2,000 ;
number of visitors, 10,000. It has excellent
accommodation for bathers. The people are
Frieslanders, speaking an old dialect, which is
an unwritten language, allied to the English.
The island is, however, really German ; it
has the rare advantage of having sea air
on all sides, making an insular sea climate
suitable in certain cases.
Physician. — Dr. E. Lindemann.
Hotels. — London, Queen of England.
237
GERMAN AIR CURES.
GORBERSDORF.
N. of F.R.R., via Cologne and Berlin,
to Dittenbach, and then a half hour's carriage
drive; thirty-nine hours; i6o francs. From
London ^9 8s. Altitude, 1,700 feet.
Therapeutics. — Phthisis or consumption.
The great importance of air treatment in
the scourge of consumption first effectively
used in this country make.s us place it in a
separate chapter. The questions in regard
to this treatment are by no means cleared
up as yet. Dr. Brehmer asserts that Gor-
bersdorf has never had any phthisis among
its inhabitants, but it is not at all certain
that a place where the disease does not
originate is the best place to cure it. Cases
have been cured, under certain conditions,
on a sea voyage, or at the level of the sea.
This place was the forerunner of the use
238 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
of mountain resorts in winter, for the treat-
ment of chest troubles. The air itself,
douches, strict supervision of the diet, exer-
cise and habits of the patients have here
produced a greater percentage of cure than
other methods. The climate is somewhat
harsh and cold, but every attention to hy-
giene and good nourishment has worked
wonders in these cases.
There is a similar establishment at Falken-
stein, called Falkenstein im Taunus, near
Homburg, in the Taunus range of mountains,
altitude 1,800 feet; the place is well shel-
tered. Dr. Dettweiler, who conducts the
cure, calls it Curanstalt Falkenstein. Cases
of anaemia and convalescence are also re-
ceived, as well as consumptives. To be
great in little things " is the motto in these
establishments, and the success obtained
is more a triumph of order, great care and
hygiene, than of the locality itself. It is
the careful, systematic regulation of every-
thing relating to the invalid — food, exer-
cise, repose, occupation, restraining morbid
caprices, and the over sanguine tendency
BERLIN.
of persons suffering from phthisis that make
the cures. Life in the open air the whole
twenty -four hours is one of the great secrets.
This system is spreading all over the world,
and seems to be not only the best in con-
sumption, but in many other complaints.
See the Swiss resorts in the mountains, and
the new sanatorium at Aix-les- Bains, on the
Revard Mountain above that place, and else-
where.
Berlin.
The great capital city of the German
Empire is twenty-three hours from Paris ;
120 francs. From London £6 6s., via
Dover, Brussels, &c. It has now 1,500,000
population, and would require a large book
to describe it Consult Guides to Europe.
Medical Specialists (See Medical Directory).
Surgeons. — Prof von Bergmann, Alexan-
der Strasse I. Dr. Hahn, Charlotten Strasse
59.
Physicians, — Prof Ley den, Thiergarten
Strasse 14. Dr, Oppert, M.R.C.P.Lond.,
Ring Strasse, Friedenau.
240 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Eye Diseases. — Dr. Frohlich, Oranien
Strasse 47. Dr. Schweiger, Roon Strasse 6.
Ear Diseases. — Dr. Dennert, Alexander
Strasse 44. Dr. Lucae, Voss Strasse 32.
Womens Diseases. — Dr. Gusserow, Roon
Strasse 4.
Nervous Diseases. — Dr. Eulenberg, Liit-
zow Strasse 60.
Childrens Diseases. — Dr. Baginski, Pots-
damer Strasse 5.
Throat and Chest Diseases. — Professors
Frankel, Neuesbad Strasse and Kirch Strasse
12. Dr. Franzel, Karlsbad Strasse 3. Dr.
Schotz, Potsdamer Strasse 20.
Hotels.- — Royal, Continental, St. Peters-
burg, Rome, Europe, &c.
241
GREAT BRITAIN.
In England, Ireland and Scotland there
are many health resorts that deserve more
attention, if it were only for the language,
than they usually get from English-speaking
travellers in Europe ; but there is a prevalent
idea that one must go to the Continent. We
are quite certain from a careful study that we
have made of the springs and baths of Grieat
Britain, that well-selected cases would be
treated with advantage at these spas. They
would, of course, have to be indicated by a
physician knowing the patient well, as also
the treatment in question. It must be ad-
mitted that the whole of this country is a very
wet one, but this very fact makes one of its
beauties. Nowhere else can be seen such
dark-green, splendid freshness of vegetation.
Then, while there is much humidity, there is a
certain regularity of temperature, and never
242 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
the extreme cold or raging heat of North
America ; nor do the day and night tempera-
tures present any marked difference. It may
be called a damp, genial, mild climate. Most
of the towns and cities have superior sanitary
arrangements, better as a rule than those of
the Continent ; so that Great Britain is a
healthy residence for strong, well people.
The death-rate is low. The mineral springs
are not so well improved, in some instances,
as those abroad, nor are they so important as
a whole ; but there are some excellent places
which we will mention. The summer sea-
side stations are bracing in climate, and are
numerous all round these islands. There
are winter resorts which possess advantages
for those who cannot go so far as the French
Riviera ; and indeed they have indications in
certain diseases that make them equal, if not
superior, to some of the winter stations
abroad.
243
SULPHUR SPRINGS.
Harrogate (Yorkshire).
198 miles from London, on North-Eastern
R.R., six hours, £1 9s. No less than 120
trains a day. It is twenty miles from York,
and eighteen from Leeds.
Waters. — There are over eighty springs of
sulphurous saline and also chalybeate waters.
They are considered stimulant and aperient.
The baths and all arrangements are first-
class. The new bath hospital cost ;^30,ooo.
These w^aters are like those of Uriage in
France.
Therapeidics. — Chlorosis, anaemia, herpes,
obesity, womb complaints, hepatic troubles,
lead poisoning, gouty and rheumatic affec-
tions.
The place consists of High and Low
Harrogate, and has a population of 5,000 ;
altitude, 400 feet. It is built on an elevated
plateau, and very few towns in England have
such pleasant walks and drives. From Harlow
Hill Tower the view extends for as much as
244 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
sixty miles on a fine day. The excursions to
Knareborou^h, Ripon, Studley, Fountain
Abbey, Bolton Abbey, &c., are fine. The
pretty "Stray" or common of 200 acres
around the town is a feature here. The
death-rate is 13 per 1,000 only. The sanita-
tion is excellent. There is an irrigation farm
of 322 acres, making it one of the best-
sewered towns in England. The winter
temperature is 39". Harrogate, like many
English places, is wanting in the light
amusements, music, &c., of the French and
German spas.*
Physicians. — Drs. Oliver, Ward, Hinsley
Walker, and Johnson-Lavis.
Hotels. — The Queen's, Crown, Prince of
Wales, Adelphi.
Books. — **The Harrogate Waters," Dr.
George Oliver, and Dr. Johnson-Lavis,
Harrogate, Prescribers' Guide."
* There are other sulphur springs of smaller import-
ance at Gilslandf Shap, Dinsdak-on-Tees, &c.
CHELTENHAM.
Cheltenham (Gloucestershire).
113 miles from London; Paddington
Station, via Gloucester ; four hours, 14s.
Waters. — These are sulphate of magnesia
springs, and are used as an aperient.
Therapeutics. — Hepatic and portal in-
activity, constipation, &c.
Cheltenham waters, like Hunyadi Janos,
Pullna, Friederichshall, and other cold,
aperient waters, are more drunk at home
than at the springs. Still, quite a number of
people frequent this resort. The city is a
arge and well-built one, population 40,000,
with fine houses and clean streets. The
climate is mild, having a considerable rainfall ;
it is considered relaxing. Living is reason-
able in price. The sanitation is good, being
worked by a sewage company, and a refuse-
destructor is used.
Physicians. — Drs. Abercrombie, Bennett,
Cottle, Roch.
Hotels. — Plough, Queen's, Royal, Lamb.
246 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Llandrindod (Wales).
There are sulphur, saline and iron wells at
this place. The situation is on an elevated
plateau ; altitude, 800 feet.
Physician. — Dr. Davies.
MoFFATT (Scotland).
This sulphur station is in Dumfrieshire^
in the south of Scotland, in an interesting^
country ; altitude, 400 feet. Fine invigora-
ting air.
Physician. — Dr. W. D'Oyly Grange.
Strathpeffer.
This station is at the foot of Ben-Wyvis in
Ross-shire, near Dingwall. It has three
sulphur springs. Mud baths are used here.
Physicians, — Drs. Manson-Middleton, and
Fox.
See Strathpeffer Spa " by Dr. Fortescue
Fox,
LiSDUNVARNA (IrELANd).
In County Clare, Ireland, is another of the
sulphur waters of Great Britain. We simplv
DROiTwicH (Worcestershire). 247
mention these waters, as they are not at all
frequented by travellers in Europe.
The well-known Epsom springs are in
Surrey, but the place is little used as a
watering-place.
SALINES.
This group of waters is the most interest-
ing in Great Britain. They are all used in
chronic rheumatism, gout and joint troubles,
as well as scrofulous affections. We give a
short account of the principal springs.
Droitwich (Worcestershire).
Three and a half hours from London ;
open all the year. These are good saline
waters, the brine being ten to twelve times
as strong as ocean baths.
Therapeutics. — Rheumatism, gout, scrofula,
syphilis.
Hotel. — Royal Brine Bath.
248 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Leamington.
103 miles from London, three hours,
1 6s.
It is near Warwick, and has fine streets
and parks, and four saline springs ; 28,000
population ; equable but humid climate.
The waters are more purgative than the
other salines in England.
Physicians. — Drs. Wilmot, Holmer, Thurs-
field.
Hotels. — Regents, Bedford, Crown.
Matlock (Derbyshire).
144 miles from London ; four hours ;
19s. 2d. Midland R.R. ; St. Pancras Station.
This is called the Switzerland of England.
It is situated on the wooded side of Derwent
valley ; average rainfall, forty-one inches ;
death-rate, thirteen per 1,000. It is largely
visited by excursionists, over 250,000 per
year ; but the bathers are not so numerous.
It is a pleasant summer resort.
Physicians. — Drs. Wm. B. Hunter, Whitby.
Hotels. — Royal, Tyack's Bath Hotel,
Devonshire.
BATH (Somersetshire). 249
WooDHALL Spa (Lincolnshire).
Three hours from London, one from
Lincoln.
Claims to have bromo-iodine saline springs,
and is perhaps the most important saline
spring in England. Dull, flat country, but
healthy.
Therapeutics, — Scrofulous joints, skin
diseases.
Physician. — Dr. C. J. Williams.
// otel, — Victoria.
ALKALINE AND INDIFFERENT
SPRINGS.
Bath (Somersetshire).
105 miles from London, Paddington Sta-
tion, in only two and a quarter hours,
1 8s. ; nine trains a day.
Waie7^s. — These are the only important
hot springs in England (104° to 120° F.).
They are called earthy or indifferent, and
contain sulphate of lime. There are four
250 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
large bath establishments. The doctors
here have taken a leaf from Aix-les- Bains
experience in late years, have imported
masseurs and massetises from that station,
and have erected a new bath establishment
to carry out the Aix or massage system.
Therapeutics. — Gout, rheumatism, palsy,
old wounds, eczema (dry form), lumbago,
sciatica.
Contra-indications. — Those of very hot
waters in general ; plethora, haemorrhages,
&c.
Bath is a city with a population of 54,000,
and 12,000 visitors per year ; situated on
both sides of the Avon, twelve miles from
Bristol ; altitude, thirty feet. It has a fine
park and excellent squares of dark green
gardens surrounded by good houses built
of marble. The climate is moist but mild,
3° to 5° F. warmer than London. The
English go mostly in the autumn and spring
to Bath, as they consider it relaxing in
summer. Living is very reasonable. The
Abbey Church with Beau Nash's tomb,
Victoria Park, and the ruins of old Roman
BUXTON (Derbyshire).
baths are local sights. Beckford Tower,
Hampton Park, Badminston and Bristol are
good excursions.
The sanitation is good ; no cesspools are
allowed in the city. The house drainage
connects directly with the main sewers, and
the large water supply ensures the complete
flushing of drains and sewers, which latter
are ventilated at different points. Death
rate, nineteen per i,ooo. There is great
longevity in Bath. In 1889, 119 people
died aged over eighty.
Physicians. — Drs. Brabazon, Spender,
Budd.
Hotels. — Grand Pump Room, York, White
Hart, Grand, White Lion, Lansdown Grove,
Private Hotel.
Buxton (Derbyshire),
177 miles from London, Midland R.R.,
St. Pancras Station ; four hours, via Derby,
£\ IS. 8d. ; second class, i8s. 3d.
Waters. — These springs are called " Simple
Waters," 82^ Fah. ; carbonate of lime being
252 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
the principal constituent. It is said that they
contain nitrogen gas.
Therapeutics. — Stomach and bladder com-
plaints. Gout and rheumatism, neuralgia,
sprains.
Buxton has 1,800 population; altitude,
1,000 feet ; amid the finest scenery of the
Derbyshire Wye, pure air and bracing, but
rainy. The drainage is good, and mortality
very low.
The environs have most beautiful excur-
sions to Chats worth, H addon Hall, Pooles-
Hole, Diamond Hill, &c.
Physicians. — Drs. Bennett, Flint, Turner,
Robertson.
Hotels. — St. Ann's Old Hall, Shakespeare,
Wood Eagle.
Books. — See " Buxton, Its Baths and
Climate," J. Hey wood, Paternoster Row,
London.
Clifton (Gloucestershire).
Great Western R.R., Paddington Station,
118 miles ; two and half hours, via Bristol ; 1 8s.
TUNBRIDGE WELLS (kENT).
Waters. — Alkaline carbonate of lime
springs, used mostly as a diuretic.
Therapeutics. — Kidney and bladder
troubles, gravel, vesical catarrh.
Clifton is one mile from Bristol ; popula-
tion, 22,000. There are 161 days of rain per
year. The climate is soft and mild, and the
baths are used all the year. The environs
are charming. Excursions to Brandon Hill,
Zoological Garden, &c. Season, May to
September.
Physician. — Dr. E. Williams.
Hotels. — Bath, Royal, Queen s, Clifton
Down.
IRON SPRINGS.
TuNBRiDGE Wells (Kent).
Thirty-two miles from London, via Folke-
stone, one hour, 7 s. 6d.
Waters. — They are cold, bicarbonated,
ferruginous springs.
Therapeutics. — Anaemia and chlorosis,
leucorrhoea, women's complaints.
254 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Tunbridge has 27,000 population, and is a
clean, agreeable town, with pretty houses
built on the hills, and surrounded by gardens.
It has the reputation of being very dull and
respectable. The soil is absorbent sandstone,
and the climate is colder and more bracing
than London, while it is not so rainy as the
capital. Excursions to Penhurst, Bridge
Castle, Bayham Abbey, &c. The death-rate
only thirteen per 1,000. It is more noted for
fine air than for its waters.
Physicians. — Drs. Rix, Rankin.
Hotels. — Royal Sussex, Royal Kentish,
Calverley, Mount Ephraim, Castle.
SEASIDE RESORTS.
Naturally the tight little islands of Great
Britain have a very large number of these
places all around the different coasts. Queens-
town^ Aberystwith^ Scarborough, Cowes, Dover
2lvA Folkestone, then Brighton, Ramsgate and
Margate are the best known. There is a
WINTER CLIMATIC RESORTS.
much greater variety than in France. If a
bracing place is wanted, the east and south-
east coasts ; if a milder and damp place, then
the west. The beach is also better as a rule
than in France, as the sands are smoother.
The expense is certainly less, but when we
come to amusements it must be admitted that
the English seaside places, if we except
Brighton, are dull when compared with those
of France. Most of the seaside places are
also winter climatic stations, and will be
found under that head. To all these stations
the distance per railway is only a question of
a few hours, and as they are not much
frequented by the traveller in Europe, we do
not give a separate description of each
place.
WINTER CLIMATIC RESORTS.
The value of the English winter resorts is
difficult to explain in a few words. Tempera-
ture alone is often deceptive. Dryness of
the air is what should be sought, for it is
generally acknowledged that humidity of
256 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
atmosphere is highly detrimental to patients
suffering from diseases of the lungs and chest.
Unfortunately, Great Britain cannot boast of
dry air, but all the same it has some excellent
warm climatic stations, such as Bournemotttk,
Eastbourne, Hastings, St. Leonards, Ilfi^a-
combe, Penzance, Torquay, Ventnor. These,
as we have said, are mostly seaside places,
which makes them more equable than inland
places. They are supposed to afford almost
complete immunity from colds, but this de-
pends somewhat on local conditions. The
map of the world shows us that the territory
of Great Britain is very small, and if we
study the weather statistics, we find that the
temperature will not vary more than one to
two degrees all over the country, from the
so-called warm winter resort to the north or
cold places. We give a few of the official
figures from the Lo7tdon Meteorological
Society s statistics
Winter.
Summer
Torquay
... 43°, 5' ...
... 55°, 9'
London
... 42°, 4' ...
... 58°, I'
Eastbourne ...
... 42°, 2' ...
... 56°, 2'
Ventnor
... 44°, 2' ...
... 57°, 2'
Bath
... 40°, 2' ...
53°, 5'
WINTER CLIMATIC RESORTS. 257
There is such a thing as the personal
equation " in temperatures ; that is to say,
whether the patient actually feels cold or
hot in certain places. The rainfall is also
an important factor. It is in London 182
days per year; Torquay, 177 days per year ;
Eastbourne, 165 days per year; Bath, 191
days per year ; Falmouth, 204 days per year;
Scarborough, 195 days per year; Bourne-
mouth, 164 days per year. This last is the
lowest figure given, and means that at the
best it rains almost three-quarters of the
year in Great Britain. Much is claimed
for the very good systems of drainage in
force in many English towns, and the rela-
tively low death rate, the average at Hast-
ings being only 17 per 1,000, at Eastbourne
18. The temperature is also remarkably
equable, and soil often porous and sandy,
allowing the great rainfall to be carried off
rapidly. The water supply is most excellent.
Ventnor, on the southern shore of the
Isle of Wight, has become a popular health
resort in winter fbr pulmonary patieats. It
258 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
has a National Hospital for Consumptives ;
it is on the famous Undercliff.
Bournemouth, £\ is. from London; no
miles ; three hours ; is also well known as a
winter station. Winter mean temperature
41°. It has good villas built in the midst
of pine trees. The sea-bathing is good.
Beautiful pleasure gardens in the valley
along the course of the Bourne, Sanitation
excellent.
Torquay, 220 miles from London, £2 2S.,
is said to be the driest of all these stations,
but this must be understood to be compara-
tive. If, for instance, we compare it with
Hyeres," says Dr. Yeo, we find that the
rainy days are 177 per year, while the south
of France resort has 63."
Falmouth is warmer than Pau. The ScilLy
Isles have a more equable temperature than
Nice.
Having said this much, it is evident that
none of these places possess a dry winter
climate; but they have a humid, equable one
that is fairly mild and suitable to certain
cases. We do not conceal from our readers
INTEMPERANCE AND NARCOTICS. 2 59
the fact that the best EngHsh writers them-
selves admit that a good winter residence
depends on its number of fine dry days, as
well as on its mildness of temperature, and
the fact that Great Britain has an average
of 200 rainy days in the year, while 70 is
the utmost in the Riviera, makes the supe-
riority of the south of France beyond ques-
tion. Having fairly considered the question
of English winter climates, we do not hesi-
tate to advise actual chest invalids to cross
the channel whenever possible.
INTEMPERANCE AND NARCOTICS.
While speaking of England, we must add
a few words for the excellent establishments
for cold water cures and the treatment of the
above conditions. These retreats or sana-
toriums are licensed under an act of Parlia-
ment (1879 and 1888). They are especially
fitted to receive ladies and gentlemen who
are desirous of overcoming these habits.
The abuse of alcohol, morphia and other
drugs is now so widely spread that separate
26o HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
institutions of this kind are greatly to be
commended for this class of patients. They
are mostly houses standing in their own
grounds, having large public rooms, such as
bath, billiard, drawing and smoking rooms,
while certain patients are given private suites
of chambers and saloons. A healthy and
cheerful situation is generally chosen, while
the home is under the direct care of a compe-
tent physician who often resides in the house,
but patients can have the advice of their own
doctors as well when needed. It should be
understood that these are by no means insane
asylums, for mental cases are not received at
all in them. They are simply homes for this
class of invalids, and very satisfactory results
are obtained in treatment by these specialists
who study this form of malady, which it is
now admitted to be. One of the best of
these homes for gentlemen is Kingswood
Park, near Bristol, in Gloucestershire (mid-
way between Clifton and Bath), under the
charge of R. William Bramacombe, L.R.C.P.
Lond., M.R.C.S.Eng. Bournemouth Hy-
dropathic, under the care of Dr. Watson,
ITALY.
261
proprietor, is an excellent water cure estab-
lishment, on the West Cliff at Bournemouth,
High Shot House, St. Margaret's, Twicken-
ham, Middlesex, under Dr. Anderson, is
licensed under Inebriates' Acts. The Dal-
rymple Home, Dr. Branthwaite, is another of
these institutions, situated at Rickmansworth.
As Hydropathic Establishments may be
mentioned :
" Buxton HydroiDathic " at Buxton, Derbyshire, and " The Peak
Hydropathic " at the same place. Dr. Meikle's Strathearn House
at Crieff. Matlock-Smedley's, Dr. Fergusson's at Malvern.
Wycheside at Malvern. The Mansion, Richmond Hill, Surrey.
Tyndale, Hexham, Northumberland. The Hall, Bushey. The
Somerville, St. Aubin's, Jersey. The Imperial, Harrogate. In
Scotland : Deeside, Heathcote, near Aberdeen. Bridge of Allan,
near Stirling. Philps, Dunblane, Perthshire. The Waverley,
Melrose. The Edinburgh (Jas. Bell, manager).
ITALY.
No climate in the world has been so
favourably misrepresented as the Italian,
Poets and novel-writers have raved of the
''blue skies of Italy " so much, and have still
such a strong influence in the matter that
people cannot understand that it is not true.
Writers have made health resorts of many a
place that has not the slightest right to be
such. Florence, Rome, and Pisa are ex-
amples of these popular errors. North Italy
is very cold in winter. Turin has as severe
a winter as Berlin. Florence has extreme-
ly cold winds; the Apennine hills around
the city are mostly covered with snow
262 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
all winter, and the wind coming over them is
icy. It has, in fact, a bad winter climate.
On the south side of Italy, however, we meet
the maritime type of climate, mild in winter ;
and when protected by the mountains from
the north and east winds, the stations on the
eastern Riviera are nearly, if not quite, equal
to the western in certain features. As low
down as Naples snow and frost are rare,
while at San Remo they are almost unknown.
The month of June is usually the best time to
visit Italy. At that time invalids can go
there, as the climate is calm and serene by
that month. Italy can boast of some excel-
lent mineral water springs, but the summer
temperature of the country prevents its baths
ever attaining the popularity of those of
France and Germany. This is indeed the
reason why the Italian summer stations are
not frequented by English and Americans ;
they are too warm for them. Indeed, the
Italians themselves are in the habit of going to
the French baths, and even to Germany, when
they take mineral water cures. This seems
rather curious when we remember that Italy
ACQUI (province OF ALESSANDRIa). 263-
was the home of the ancient Romans, who
first made use of mineral waters, and builded
thermce all over Europe, as the interesting
remains found in so many of the stations
prove. But the fact remains that though
there are some excellent springs from the
Apennines clear down to the foot of Vesuvius,
they are but little used in comparison to the
fashionable baths in other parts of Europe.
We therefore give but a brief sketch of some
of the more important stations in Italy.
SULPHUR WATERS.
AcQui (Province of Alessandria).
578 miles from Paris, via Turin,
P.L.M.R.R., twenty-three hours ; loo francs.
From London,
Waters, — These are hot (169° Fah.)
sulphur waters, and they use the fango, or
mud baths also.
Therapeutics. — Arthritis, rheumatism,
paralysis, skin diseases.
264 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Ac{/znison\y twenty miles from Alessandria,
in Piedmont; population, 12,000. It is the
capital of Montferrat, on the left bank of the
River Bormida ; altitude, 450 feet. It is in
a very pretty country, with a healthy but
variable climate. It is hot in summer and
somewhat humid from the vapours coming
from the springs.
Physician, — Dr. Dom.
Hotels, — Grand Hotel, New Grand,
Thermes, Italia.
Valdieri (Piedmont).
583 miles from Paris, via Turin, twenty-
eight hours; no francs. From London,
£l 8s.
Waters. — They are weak sulphur springs,
180° Fah.
Therapeutics. — Rheumatism, ulcers, scro-
fula.
Valdieri has a population of 2,500, and is
4,100 feet altitude above Nice; fifteen miles
from Coni. It has a good establishment, is
in a mountainous country, and is cool in
summer. The hotels are very moderate in
LUCCA (tUSCANY).
265
charges. The mud baths are used here.
The season is June to September. It is an
excellent resort for people who winter in the
Riviera. It can be approached from Nice
through the Vesubie Valley, by a diligence,
in twenty-four hours. Grand scenery over
the Col de Tende. The new R.R. is now
built on the Italian side to Limone, so that
this interesting, high climatic station will
soon come into repute for the air, as well as
for its waters. The Nice doctors know the
place well, and some of them summer at it
every year.
Hotel, — Grand Hotel, Valdieri.
INDIFFERENT WATERS.
Lucca (Tuscany).
740 miles from Paris, vid Turin and Pisa ;
thirty-four hours, 140 francs. From London,
^8 I2S.
Waters. — These are indifferent springs,
temperature, 116° Fah. ; ten wells and mud-
266 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
baths. Said to be like the waters of Bath,
England. They are somewhat diuretic. The
stufa or steam-baths are given here.
Therapeutics. — Rheumatism, neuralgia,
nervous diseases, liver diseases, malaria,
uterine complaints.
Ltccca itself is about fifteen miles from
these baths of Lucca. The climate is cool in
summer, temperate and constant. The place
is much resorted to by Florentine society,
and is not at all dear. June to September is
the season. It is healthy, and the neighbour-
hood is picturesque, being in a beautiful
valley.
English Church.
Physicians. — Dr. Gason (English), Dr.
Georgi.
Hotels. — New York, Europe, America.
SALINE SPRINGS.
La Porretta (Province of Bologna).
814 miles from Paris, via Turin, in thirty
hours ; 160 francs. It is on the R.R.
between Bologna and Pistoja.
iscHiA (near Naples).
267
Waters. — These are salt waters, some-
thing Hke those of Uriage in France ;
temperature, 85° to 100° Fah. They are
slightly laxative. The baths here are a
special feature, being built of the handsome
white marble of the country. There is so
much carburetted hydrogen in the wells that
it has been used at times for the purpose of
lighting the town.
Therapeutics. — Skin diseases, scrofula,
rheumatism, liver and spleen diseases.
La Porretta is in central Italy, in the
valley of the Reno, at the foot of the
Apennine range of mountains ; population,
3,500. The climate is variable, but fair and
warm in summer. About 1,000 visitors come
every summer.
Physician.~-Y)v. Castelli.
Hotels.— \^0Q.'^xidi2. Nuova, Italia, Palazzino.
IscHiA (near Naples).
655 miles from Paris, via Turin, Rome and
Naples; forty hours, 215 francs.
Waters. — Those in use, called Porto
d'Ischia, are close to the town. Sand-baths
are given on the sea-shore.
10
268 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Therapeutics. — Rheumatism and gouty
affections, paralysis, scrofula.
Ischia is a small island in the Bay of
Naples, twenty miles off ; one and half hours
steamer; population, 25,000 in all, but the
town itself 6,500. Its most important waters
are at Casamicciola, about four miles to the
west side of the island. Exposed to the
northerly winds in winter, it is a cool summer
resort. The central mountain, Mount Ipomeo,
is 2,600 feet in altitude.
Hotels. — Bellevue, Pisani's, Baths Hotels
Monte Cateni (Province of Lucca).
741 miles from Paris, via Turin and Pisa ;
only eighteen miles from Lucca ; thirty-three
hours ; 140 francs.
Waters. — These are the most important
saline springs in Italy. They contain 185
parts of common salt, temperature, 90^ Fah.
They are laxative and tonic.
Therapeutics. — The diseases treated are,
dysentery, ague, enlargement of liver and
spleen, rheumatism, scrofula. It is called the
Italian Carlsbad.
ITALIAN SEASIDE AND WINTER RESORTS. 269
Mo7ite Cateni has a population of 6,500,
and is between Lucca and Pistoja, in the valley
of the Nievole, one of the prettiest places
in Tuscany. The air is pure and healthy, with
magnificent views on every side; altitude,
900 feet. It has a warm, constant climate.
Excursions to Florence and Legho^^Uy only
two hours' distance.
Physician. — D. P. Casciani.
Hotels. — De la Paix, Villa Toretta.
Italian Seaside and Winter Resorts.
These places can be grouped together as
they are at once seaside and winter resorts.
The whole Mediterranean coast has a large
number of these resorts, from the French
frontier at Ventimiglia to San Remo,
Bordighera, Alassio, Nervi, Spezia, Leg-
horn, and on down to Naples, where we
fmd the islands of Ischia and Capri. The
Adriatic side is not frequented.
Here we have to say that the Italian
resorts are not sufficiently improved. We
may at once admit that some of them are
270 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
equal to those on the French side of the
Riviera as regards sea-air and dimate. But
they one and all lack in attractions such as
the French are clever enough to provide for
visitors. This may be owing to the Italian
character, and the other defects may be
owing to want of sanitary science ; while the
language is perhaps also a reason. In any
case, none of these places are resorted to as
much as those on the French coast ; and just
as soon as Alassio is past the climate is no
longer suitable for winter residence. Genoa
is not possible as a winter resort.
San Remo (Riviera de Ponente).
San Remo is reached from Paris,
P.L.M.R. R., in twenty-four hours; 130
francs. It is thirty-two miiles from Nice,
and eighty-five from Genoa on the other side.
From London, i8s.
Therapeutics. — The climatic treatment of
chronic pulmonary complaints. Incipient
phthisis, throat and larynx troubles, rheu-
matism, Bright's disease, general debility.
San Remo is the most important place on
SAN REMO (rIVIERA DE PONENTE). 27 1
the Italian Riviera ; population, 18,000; visi-
tors, 8,000. The death-rate is twenty-four per
1 ,000. The town is all up and down, being on
a hillside. The air is bracing, it claims not
to be so stimulating as other places on the
Mediterranean coast, and therefore better
suited for nervous people. The average
winter temperature is 53° to 59° Fah., forty-
eight rainy days in the year. Like all this
coast, two-thirds of the year it is sunny. The
mistral and sirocco, both are felt when they
blow. The amphitheatre of mountains be-
hind the town protects it better than most
of the places on this side of the Riviera. The
old town itself with its loggias and terraces is
one of the quaintest in Italy. There are no
level Vv^alks, all the streets are up and down
hill. In summer the Italians use it as a
seaside resort. It has a clay soil, and
remains damp longer than Mentone. There
is nowadays a large German element in all
the Italian cities and places of resort. A sad
memory attaches itself to San Remo, for it
was here that the Crown Prince, afterwards
the Emperor Friedrich III. of Germany for
^']2 HEALTH RfiSORtS OF EUROPE.
SO short a time, died. There are very few
drives, and mountain excursions are im-
practicable. The situation is not attractive.
There are English and Scotch churches.
Physicians, — Drs. Freeman, Hassall, Kay-
Shutde worth (English).
Hotels, — Londres, Victoria, West-end,
Belle vue, Royal.
Books. — Dr. Hassall's *' San Remo Medi-
cally Considered."
BORDIGHERA.
This is the second place of importance on
the Italian side of the Riviera, but the first
from the frontier, as it is only three miles
from Ventimiglia ; twenty-five miles from
Nice, and ten from Mentone. It is on the
old Cornice Road, and is a very quiet little
town amid palm-trees, with ready access to
plenty of shade, which is unusual on the
Riviera. The groves of olive and orange-
trees here are remarkable. Population, 3,500.
Dr. Goodchild says that its position on a
promontory makes it get the sun sooner and
retain it longer than the other places on the
BORDIGHERA
coast, but it also makes it windy. It suits
cases who need rather bracing sea-air,
scrofulous children and convalescents ; but it
is much too exciting for nervous cases. The
fact that Bordighera is on a neck of land
gives it its distinguishing quality — ''its sea-
breezes make it tonic and bracing." The
walks under the many trees of the place are
delightful. Its temperature is much the same
as the rest of the coast.
Physicians, — Dr. Goodchild (English), Dr.
Herschel.
Hotels. — Belvedere, Angleterre, Londres,
Beau Rivage,
Books. — Hamilton's Bordighera and the
Western Riviera."
Ospedaletti and Alassio are the only other
two places that deserve mention on this coast.
Even they are not yet developed, and except
that the first is known as being two degrees
warmer than the other stations, they are so
small that they do not call for special mention.
In time, no doubt, they will prove to be
excellent winter resorts.
274 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE
Hotels at Ospedaletti. — Reine, Pension
Suisse.
Hotels at Alassio. — Grand, Rome,
Londres.
Physician. — Dr. Dickinson (English).
Pegli.
Pegli, six miles from Genoa, is sometimes
praised as a winter station for asthma, but
really has no claim to be such in comparison
to the other resorts mentioned.
Hotel. — Grand de Pegli (see Villa Palla-
vicini).
Genoa.
Genoa itself, *'La Superba" of the Italians,
is certainly a fine city, and the newer parts
should be spoken well of, but it is agreed by
all writers that it is not a suitable place for
invalids who have any pulmonary affection.
It is a most interesting city for travellers in
good health, but we are not writing for them,
and must refer them to local guides. Climate
variable ; cold winds and rains.
NERVI.
Physician. — Dr. Breiting (has English
diploma).
Hotels, — Grand, Londres, Metropole.
Nervi.
Leaving Genoa by the Pisa- Florence R.R.
we come in twenty minutes to this pretty
little place just six miles out of town. We
are now on the Eastern Riviera, or Riviera
de Lavante.
Nervi has not nearly so high a winter
temperature as Mentone, but there is less
wind and more humidity, making it suitable
to certain cases. The vegetation is almost
tropical, and beautiful gardens are seen. It
is a very quiet place for invalids who need
repose. There are not many walks or ex-
cursions to be made, owing to the steepness
of the roads beyond the little town. Popu-
lation, 5,000 ; hfty-four rainy days, December
to April. Many German visitors come to
the place.
Physician. — Dr. Schetelig (M.R.C.S.
London).
Hotels. — Anglaise, Oriental. Prices
reasonable.
276
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Spezzia.
This is a famous port and arsenal with a
population of 20,000. It is scarcely known
outside of Italy, yet it has a mild climate,
calm, fairly equable, and free from dust, but
not protected from winds. Good sailing and
boating. Very few English visitors.
Hotels. — Grand Croce di Malta, Rome.
Pisa.
This city was once celebrated as a winter-
ing place, but did not deserve its repute, and
has completely lost its vogue. It well de-
serves its name of ''Pisa Mortal' being now,
save for its architecture, completely devoid
of attractions ; it does not deserve notice by
invalids. The climate is damp and rainy,
dark and cold, while the hygiene is very bad
indeed. See the Leaning Tower, the Cathe-
dral and the Campo Santo, and leave the
place as soon as possible.
Hotels. — Grand, Angleterre.
FLORENCE.
277
Via Reggio.
On this coast may be mentioned the above
little seaside place. It has a fine sandy-
beach, and is much resorted to in summer
by the Florentines ; and were it not for its
mists would be a good winter station of the
second class. Mild climate; fine pine-woods.
Hotels, — New York, Anglo-Americain.
Florence.
This large city comes next in our way
through Italy. It is hard for us, who know
the place well, to understand why invalids
were ever recommended either to Pisa or
Florence. Robley Dunglison, as far back as
1857 said: ''This agreeable city is by no
means a favourable residence for any class
of invalids. It is subject to sudden vicissi-
tudes of temperature, and to cold, piercing
winds coming over the snow-clad Apen-
nine Mountains, which suddenly change a
warm summer day to a penetrating cold one."
The bright, clear sun that is felt on some
days has caused poets to rave about this city,
278
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
and they have created a false impression of
its dimate that years of scientific observation
have not entirely dissipated. It is said that
some cases of asthma do well in Florence,
and robust persons might pass a short time
there ; but we advise invalids to keep clear
of it during the winter. It may be visited in
June and September. There are English
churches, and an American church.
Physicians, — Dr. Baldwin (American),
Drs. Coldstream, St. Clair-Thompson and
Wilson (English).
Dentists. — Elliott, Powers, Schaffner
(Americans).
Hotels. — Italie, Anglo-American, New
York, Royal, Grand- Bretagne.
Rome.
We feel that we must mention both Rome
and Naples, although it is by no means
certain that they deserve a place in a manual
intended for invalids. It is certain, however,
in regard to the medical aspects of Rome that
far too much has been made of the Roman
fever scare, and the tendency to pulmonary
NAPLES.
279
attacks in Italy. If the patients would not
expose themselves to the risks of sight-see-
ing and fatiguing walks in cold, damp churches
and picture-galleries, they would suffer little
from the climate of Italy itself, as it is no
worse than that of many northern cities.
The best months for invalids to go to Italy
are after May; June and September are
excellent.
Physicians. — Drs. Gason, Thompson,
Charles, Young, Spurway (English).
Dentists, — A. Chamberlain (American).
Hotels. — Quirinal, Bristol, Continental,
Grand de Rome, Bellevue.
Naples
The water supply now in the great southern
city has been much improved, and the chances
of zymotic poisoning are diminished, but the
place is not one suitable to most invalids.
The best months are June and September.
Physicia7is. — Drs. Gairdner, Barrenger,
Johnson-Lavis.
Hotels. — Royal, Bristol, Grand, West-
End, Rome, Victoria,
28o HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.
Madrid is spoken of as having weather
that consists of "nine months of Hades and
three hot months in the year." Yet Spain,
as a whole, has a fairly mild and healthy
climate, with a considerable variety of con-
ditions in the north and south. This is deter-
mined more by elevation than by geographi-
cal position. The chief mineral springs are
in the Basque provinces, as also are the sea-
bathing and climatic stations. Many of the
mineral springs are very remarkable. The
Rubinat, Villacabras, and Carabana waters
give a purgative effect from a small dose ;
and these waters, bottled, are used — like
other celebrated waters, as the Hunyadi
Janos, «&c. Then again, the remarkable
springs containing nitrogen gas, not found
elsewhere in Europe, should attract more
attention than they do. With all this rich
provision of excellent mineral waters and
seaside resorts Spain is not at all frequented
by foreigners, and indeed, the rich Spaniard
himself cloes not hesitate to cross the
SPAIN AND T'ORTUGAL.
281
Pyrenees for a spring-cure. This is largely-
owing to the fact that the spas are badly or-
ganized, and little comfort or amusement can
be obtained at them. The Spaniard, in fact,
does not know how to keep a modern hotel.
The geographical situation may also have its
influence. If Aix-les-Bains and Vichy were
in Spain, it is not so sure that they would
have such a large number of visitors.
As to Portugal, it has a fairly equable
climate, being in fact a warm country ; but
it has a very heavy rainfall, over 200 inches a
year. Fogs are also common in certain parts.
It has some excellent sulphur springs ; Vi-
dago is considered by some as equal to Vichy
as a mineral water station. Their remote-
ness, and the other reasons that prevent
Spanish places from being frequented by
Anglo-Americans, as much as they deserve
to be, prevent these stations from being much
used according to their intrinsic merits.
An exception must be made for Madeira
which is still made use of by the English as
a climatic station.
We give a short notice of the most promi-
nent places.
282 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
SULPHUR SPRINGS.
Ledesma (Province of Salamanca.)
855 miles from Paris, via Orleans R.R. and
Salamanca, then coach for three hours : fifty-
five hours in all ; 150 francs.
Waters. — They are hot, 86° to 122° F.
sulphurous and very soft.
Therapeutics. — As of all such waters :
rheumatism, paralysis, scrofula.
Ledesma springs are five miles from the
town, on the left bank of the River Tormes,
at the foot of an arid rock. Life is very
cheap and easy here, while the bathing ar-
rangements are on a primitive plan. Large
swimming baths, or Piscines, are mostly used.
Some 3,500 visitors come during the summer.
The population is 1,600; altitude 2,500 feet.
The climate is warm in summer, and suitable
for such cases as frequent the baths. Le-
desma itself is a curious old Spanish town,
surrounded by a Roman wall. There are
good excursions to be made in the neigh-
bouring mountains.
Pkysicia7ts. — Drs. Garcia, Lopez.
\^ ARCHENIA (province OF MURCIa). 283
(Archena, Province of Murcia).
1,160 miles from Paris, via Orleans R.R.,
to Madrid and Cartagena, fifty-one hours ;
280 francs.
Waters. — They are clear and hot ; they
have a hepatic smell and taste and are ex-
citing. These springs are considered a spe-
cific for syphilis by Spaniards, but their direct
curative effect is not proved. It is probable
that they have the usual action of sulphur
waters in such cases. The temperature is
124° F.
Therapeutics. - — Syphilis, scrofula, paralysis,
skin diseases.
Archen.a is the best-known spring in
Spain. The town is situated on the right
bank of the Rio Segura : it has a good
bathing establishment, with fifty mud-baths.
Some 7,000 visitors in the season ; altitude,
500 feet. Excellent climate all the year
round. The excursions to Alameda and to
Ricote are celebrated for the fruit trees.
Blanca is a pretty village near by, with a
fine mountain over it called Pina Negra, and
a romantic Moorish castle at the top.
284 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Hotel.— del Re.
Physicians, — Drs. Zavala, Velasco.
Carratraca (Province of Malaga).
1,290 miles from Paris; via Bordeaux and
Madrid ; sixty-two hours ; 326 francs.
Waters, — These important sulphur waters
are said to contain also arsenic and iron.
They are sedative to the nervous system
and diuretic. They are not agreeable to
drink.
Therapeutics, — Pulmonary and skin dis-
eases are treated here ; lupus, pellegra and
acne.
Carratraca is also called Ar dales. It is
an Andalusian station, near Campellos, with
a beautiful situation in a valley formed by the
mountains of Bans and Caparrain ; popula-
tion, 900 ; 3,000 visitors. It has a delicious
climate. Season, June to September. The
place is much visited from Malaga. It affords
a good deal of amusement, and there are
pleasant promenades.
Physician, — Dr. Salgado Y. Guillerno.
Hotel, — Fonda del Principe, Coleno.
PANTICOSA (province OF HUESCA). 285
IRON WATERS.
Santa Agueda (Province of Guipuzcoa).
575 miles from Paris, Orleans railroad to
Zumarraga ; then coach three hours; no
francs ; twenty-seven hours.
Waters. — Bicarbonate of iron (cold).
Therapeutics. — Anaemia and chlorosis.
The village is called Guesalibar, and the
springs are in a very pretty valley, watered
by the river Aramayouna, and dominated by
a mountain called Murugain, 2,000 feet high.
ALKALINE AND INDIFFERENT
SPRINGS.
Panticosa (Province of Huesca).
850 miles from Paris, via Irun to Huesca ;
twenty-four hours, 215 francs. It is twenty-
four hours by coach and on foot. One
can also get to Panticosa from Cauterets in
France, by crossing a steep road, 8,000 feet
high. Only one-half of the road can be
gone over in a carriage ; the rest must be
286 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE
done on foot. People also drive to this
curious place from Eaux Chaudes, in the
French Pyrenees.
Waters. — These hot springs are oddly-
called after the disease the spring is supposed
to cure ; thus there is a liver spring, stomach,
kidney, &c.
TherapetUics. — The maladies treated are
numerous : catarrhs of the respiratory organs,
cystitis, phthisis.
Panticosa is one of the highest and most
romantic stations in Europe. It is 5,000
feet above sea level, in a narrow gorge
surrounded by most magnificent mountains,
and splendid chestnut and walnut trees. The
road to it is called the Escalar or Stairway.
There are over 2,000 visitors, notwithstand-
ing the difficulty of getting up to the place.
The village seems full of water, as there are
waterfalls and little lakes on every hand.
The climate is agreeable in July and August.
LAS CALDAS DA RAINIIA.
287
SALINE SPRINGS.
Cestona (Province of Guipuzcoa).
570 miles from Paris, via Madrid and
Zamarrago, then omnibus in half an hour.
Waters. — They are chloride of sodium
springs, salt and bitter to the taste, and
slightly laxative.
Therapetttics, — Rheumatism. Catarrhs of
all kinds are treated.
Cestona is also called Guesalaga or Salt-
Water Place. It lies between two lines of
mountains in an agreeable climate. As in
most of the Spanish places, the hotels are
called Fonda del Re (King's Hotel), &c.
There are excellent excursions and boating
on the River Urola.
PORTUGUESE SULPHUR SPRINGS.
Las Caldas da Rainha (Province of
Estremadura).
This is one of the most frequented stations
in Portugal. It is on the railroad between
288 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Lisbon and Leiria. The waters are sul-
phurous-salines, 92 F.
Las Caldas de Vizella.
This place may also be mentioned as a
sulphur station. It is five miles from Gue-
maroes, on rail from Oporto to Vizella ;
temperature 90' to 130° F. The scenery is
grand here. These hot waters are used in
rheumatism and skin diseases.
SALINE SPRINGS.
Rio Magor, near Santarem, are cold saline
springs, and Moiisao, in the province of
Minho, are hot waters of this class.
IRON WATERS.
Of these springs, Mirandela (Tra los
Montes) and Torres Ved^'os, near Lisbon,
may be mentioned.
SAN SEBASTIAN (bAY OF BISCAy). 289
ALKALINE SPRINGS.
ViDAGO (TrAS OS MONTES).
This is the Vichy water of Portugal ; a
pleasant place, mostly frequented in the
autumn, September to November. The
situation is picturesque, climate agreeable ;
trout-fishing.
JUNQUEIRO.
This is the most important of the sea-
bathing places in Portugal. It is on the
Atlantic near Lisbon.
SEASIDE STATIONS.
San Sebastian (Bay of Biscay).
This is a most fashionable seaside place for
the Spaniards. A number of foreigners
come over from France to see the bull-fights.
It is only twelve miles from Irun, the
frontier. The beach is a fine sandy one,
while the scenery is good, it being under
Monte Orgullo. There are amusements of
all kinds, and a fine casino.
290 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Physician. — Dr. W. J. Smith.
Hotels. — Londres, Continental, Marten,
Inglis.
Zarans.
This charming Httle place Is on the
Cantabrian coast, fifteen miles from San
Sebastian, and has over 7,000 aristocratic
visitors during the bathing season. It was
the Ex-Queen Isabella's favourite resort in
summer.
Grand Hotel.
WINTER CLIMATES.
Malaga.
This is about the only place in Spain that
has serious claims to attention as a winter
climate. It is thirty-six hours only from
Paris, and twelve from Madrid. The city
is built on a flat sandy plain, and its streets
are pent-up and narrow, and prevent the sun
from reaching the houses. The sanitary
condition is not satisfactory. This much
said, however, it must be admitted that the
MADEIRA.
291
climate Is a dry, equable one. The mean
winter temperature is 56° Fah. The winds
are sometimes trying ; rainy days in winter,
forty ; population, 135,000.
Physician. — Dr. Bundsen.
Hotels, — Victoria, Europa, Alameda.
Madeira.
These five well-known islands are 1,332
miles from Southampton, and 535 miles from
Lisbon. Steamers arrive there from the
English ports of Southampton and Liver-
pool in five days ; Hamburg, Germany ;
Havre, France, and Lisbon. The last is
two days off, the voyage costing 200 francs;
from the other ports about double (375
francs).
Therapeutics. — Early phthisis, chronic
catarrhal complaints, scrofula. Diarrhoea is
contra-indicated, as there seems to be a
liability to this trouble in the country.
These Portuguese islands are mountainous
masses of volcanic formation, and much up-
and-down hill. The climate is warm, humid,
and equable, and a pleasant winter one.
292 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Mean winter temperature, 60° Fah. Rainy
days, eighty - eight. Population, 131,000.
Seventeen degrees warmer than London,
five warmer than Mentone. Great uniformity
of climate. There are few cloudless days.
Funchal is the capital, population, 20,000.
It has a soft, soothing climate which has
been rather under-rated, but is now coming
into favour again for certain cases of irrita-
tive bronchial troubles. Season, September
to May.
Physicians. — Drs. Hicks, Grabham, M.
Petta.
Hotels. — New Hotel, St. Clara, Carmo,
Edenboro, German Hotel, Victoria.
SWITZERLAND.
In general this is a cold and often wet
country, even in summer-time, when people
visit it. The elevation of the region accounts
for this. Geneva itself, at its entrance, is
rarely hot for more than a day or so in
summer. In some of the narrow valleys the
SWITZERLAND.
heat is at times oppressive, but in most of the
high regions it is quite cold up to July and
August, and in some years even during these
months. The elevation of the country is
700 to 15,000 feet. The winters are long
and cold, yet in the highest valleys the sun
shines so strongly that in mid-winter it is
possible to go skating in summer clothing
This makes a favoured region for those wha
can stand a cold climate, as its bracing air
cannot be got elsewhere. Outside of this
region, however, Switzerland is mostly a
country to visit for pleasure, not for health.
The mineral waters of the country are,
however, important, and the Swiss are clever
in providing cures of all kinds at their springs.
Over four hundred places are mentioned as
health resorts ; when they do not have
mineral waters they give the grape, milk and
air cures ; and Switzerland has come to be
looked upon, not quite justly, as an inter-
national sanitarium. The general excellence
and fair terms of its hotels are the feature
that should be most spoken of, and its beau-
tiful scenery cannot be too much praised.
294 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Even if it be argued that there are spots on
the earth that are quite as pretty, still it can-
not be said that the same excellent accom-
modation can be had in so many accessible
places of such beauty and magnificence, as
those we find in Switzerland.
SULPHUR SPRINGS.
LoufecHE (Canton Valais).
395 miles from Paris, via Lausanne to
Loueche station ; thence coach in three hours
for Loueche-les-Bains ; twenty-five hours,
eighty-five francs.
Waters. — They are sulphate of lime
springs, containing arsenic and iron, some
twenty wells in all. The old habit of long
immersions is kept up here ; people bathe for
hours together, in a common bath, with little
tables before them for chess, work, &c.
Therapetitics. — Chronic skin diseases,
scrofula; rheumatism, gout, uterine complaints.
The baths of Loueche, in German Letiker-
bad, are situated in a small and rather wild
BADEN (near Zurich).
295
and dull-looking valley. The altitude is
4,600 feet, the climate is variable with cold
mornings and evenings. From the 15th of
June to September is the rather short season.
The place is much visited, some 6,000 in
summer coming for the waters. It is at the
foot of the Gemmi, a high mountain of the
Bernese Alps, and excellent excursions can
be made from here.
The grape cure is used here at the end of
September.
Physicians. — Drs. B runner, De Werra, De
La Harpe.
Hotels. — The Grand Hotel des Alpes, on
an elevation, is the largest house ; France,
Union, Bellevue.
Baden (Near Zurich).
370 miles from Paris, E. of F.R.R., via
Basel ; fifteen hours, sixty-six francs.
Waters. — These are hot sulphur springs,
120" Fah. It is a weak water of the indiffer-
ent class, and depends on its heat for its
curative effects.
296 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Therapeutics. — Rheumatism, gout, uterine
troubles, syphilis, paralysis.
Baden in Switzerland, Canton Argovia, is
on the river Limmat, and is a cheerful resort
in a mild climate. Altitude, 1,180 feet. Life
is cheap and very quiet here, and the old-
fashioned hotels are very quaint. The whey
cure is in use. Population, 3,500. The old
town is surrounded by walls. The excursions
to Zurich, Lucerne, and the Bernese Ober-
land are near.
Physicians. — Drs. Borsinger, Minnich,
Schmidt.
Hotels. — Bahnhof, Linde, Telegraph.
ScHiNZNACH (Canton Argovia).
370 miles from Paris, E. of F.R.R., via
Belfort and Basel, fifteen hours, seventy
francs.
Waters. — Hot sulphate of lime springs,
95" Fah. They are exciting to the skin like
most such waters. The baths are taken from
one to two hours at a time like many others
in Switzerland, but most often this is not
needed, as half an hour or less is ordered by
SCHINZNACH (CANTON ARGOVIa). 297
the doctors. The Schinznach waters belong
to the suphurous and calcareous group, but
they are remarkable in containing the largest
quantity of sulphuretted hydrogen known in
springs of this class, this gives a special value
to the treatment here.
The iodurated and bromurated springs ot
Wildegg are only two and a half miles from
here, and their waters are brought to Schinz-
nach where they are used in affections of a
lymphatic nature.
Therapy. — The maladies mostly treated at
Schinznach are skin diseases, eczemas, acne,
psoriasis, &c., scrofulous enlargements.
Affections of the throat, treated by a new
inhalation system called Atmiatrie'' This
is efficacious in bronchial, laryngeal and such
diseases. Diabetes, syphilis, rheumatic and
paralytic complaints are also well treated
here.
Schinznach was formerly called Habsbitrg,
and it is situated in a beautiful valley at an
altitude of i,ioo feet above sea level. The
air is very pure. The village lies at the base
of the Wulpelsberg Mountain on the River
298 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Aarand has many visitors during the summer
season, from May to October. The splendid
bathing establishment is one of the most
complete in Europe, having all kinds of bath-
ing apparatus and for the use of the water by
drinking, inhalation, &c. Director, M. H.
Amsler.
Physicians. — Dr. De Tymowski (who
speaks English and has works in all lan-
guages on the waters of Schinznach), Drs.
Amsler and Hemmann.
Hotels, — Etablissement, Thermal.
ALKALINE SPRINGS,
OR INDIFFERENT WATERS.
Ragatz-Pfaffers (Canton Saint-Gall).
445 miles from Paris, E.R.R. via Zurich ;
seventeen and a half hours, eighty francs.
Wate7's. — These bicarbonated springs are
clear and hot, 96° to 104° Fah., and have no
special taste. They are tonic and digestive.
The waters of Pfaffers are brought to Ragatz
and used here. They are said to resemble
those of Gastein in Austria.
AIGLE-LES-BAINS.
299
Therapeutics, — Dyspepsia, gastralgia, ner-
vous diseases, women's complaints, hysteria.
Ragatz-Pf 'dffers has a population of 2,000 ;
altitude, 1,600 feet. It is situated in a beau-
tiful plain on the River Tameria, and as is
often the case in Switzerland, is as much fre-
quented for the scenery as the waters.
Physicians, — Drs. Dormann, Jager, Kaiser.
Hotels. — Quellenhof, Hof Ragatz, Tameria.
SALINE WATERS.
AiGLE-LEs- Bains.
Aigle, Canton Vaud ; Montreux to Bex ;
altitude about 1,400 feet. See Montreux for
route and cost. Salt waters and electric
baths. There is also milk and whey cure.
Therapetitics. — This place is recommended
for a quiet place for treatment of nervous
patients, neurasthenia, &c.
Aigle has a fine hotel and large chateau,
with romantic scenery. The Grand Hotel is
on a hill about one and a quarter miles above
the village itself, where there are small hotels
II
300 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
and pensions. There is an English Church
at the Grand Hotel, in a separate building.
This hotel has extensive grounds, and is
suitable for a prolonged stay in summer.
Good excursions and hills around, but no
special amusements.
Physicians. — Drs. Maudrin and Verey
(Swiss).
Grand H6tel.
IRON WATERS AND SUMMER
AND WINTER CLIMATE STATION.
Saint-Moritz (Engadine Valley).
505 miles from Paris, via Basel and Coire ;
thirty hours, 100 francs. From London,
Waters. — These are cold iron springs con-
taining carbonic acid gas, but the place is
more used as a climatic mountain resort.
Thei^apeutics. — Anaemia and chlorosis,
general debility, chest diseases, uterine and
vaginal catarrhs, scrofula, nervous affections,
convalescence after all severe diseases.
SAINT MORITZ (eNGADINE VALLEy). 30I
The village of Saint-Moritz, Canton Gri-
sons on the Inn, is the highest in the Enga-
dine, 6, 1 1 1 feet, and is separated by a distance
of a little over a mile from Saint-Moritz-
Bad, some 300 feet above. The air here
is exceedingly pure ; organic impurities are
present in such small quantity that the air
is considered aseptic. There are no manu-
factories to spoil the atmosphere which is
quite dry, first from the altitude and the
nature of the climate, and also from the fact
that Saint-Moritz has the smallest rainfall
in Switzerland. The air too is thin, and has
peculiar qualities owing to the near glaciers
and the presence of ozone. In winter it is
said that delicate persons can sit out in the
open air for a greater number of hours and
days than in summer. It is, of course, from
the nature of its bright, stimulating and very
cold air, not suitable to persons who have
poor circulation, such as old people and also
those subject to haemorrhages, plethora, &c.
30,000 visitors ; boating and fishing, skating
in winter. The rarefied cold-air cure is now in
great repute. In fine weather the place is de-
302 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
lightful, and the climate exhilarating ; but, as
above stated, it must not be sought by those
who feel cold and do not care for sharp,
bracing air. Snow falls but rarely in sum-
mer ; in winter it lies close upon six months,
from November to March. Take warm
clothing here even in summer.
Physicians, — Drs. Holland, St. Clair
Thompson (English).
American Dentist. — H. L. Schaffner.
Hotels, — Curhaus, Victoria, Du Lac, En-
gadiner Hof. Write beforehand in summer
for rooms.
Books. — See Dr. Holland's work on Saint-
Moritz, in English.
Tarasp (Engadine).
531 miles from Paris, via Basel to Ponte,
whence diligence in four hours, twenty-four
hours, eighty-eight francs.
Waters. — Cold soda and iron springs, not
very strong. Considered diuretic and laxa-
tive in large doses.
Therapeutics. — Dyspepsia, liver diseases,
anaemia. Kidney and bladder troubles are
DAVOS-PLATZ (gRISONS). 3O3
made a speciality. There are both alkaHne
and iron springs ; twenty-three wells in all.
The baths of Tarasp, called Tarasp-Schtds,
are situated in the Canton of Grisons, about
4,000 feet above sea-level. This little place
is one of the most picturesque of Switzerland.
It is renowned for the beauty of its excursions.
Vulpera is a suburb formed of hotels ; thence
the gorge of Clemgiaand Inn leads to Schuls.
The climate is rather brisk with sudden
changes, and a dry, tonic air that suits robust
people. Season, from the 1 5th of June to the
30th of September. Tarasp combines iron,
alkaline, purgative waters, with the high
mountain-air cure. Scarcely another station
in Europe unites so many important qualities.
Physicians. — Drs. Pernisch, Killias.
Hotels, — Belvedere, Poste, Helvetia, Kur-
haus.
COLD, DRY, WINTER CLIMATIC
STATIONS.
Davos-Platz (Orisons).
Rottte. — It is fifteen miles from Coire
station, but the railroad is now finished to
364 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Landquart station near by. From London,
£6 14s. 9d.
Davos-Platz is one of the highest inhabited
places in Europe ; it is about a mile above
sea-level. Twenty-seven years ago two
German consumptives passed a winter here,
and they still survive, living testimonies of
the value of this form of climatic treatment.
At present more than 1,500 patients pass the
winter at Davos, and a smaller number at other
high mountain stations, such as the Maloya^
Wiesen, CampheVy and Saint- Moritz, It is
very curious that in midwinter, when the
snow lies dry and powdery on the ground,
the radiating solar thermometer marks 1 10'' F.
At the same time the temperature of the air
in the shade is 10° below freezing-point ;
yet, notwithstanding this, a person can sit out
in the air without an overcoat, and barely
support the heat of the sun. The pure, clear,
thin, dry, cold air facilitates radiation, and
permits the transmission of the sun's rays,
and the white snow reflects the heat. It is
owing to this dryness and stillness of the
atmosphere that patients can thus enjoy the
DAVOS-PLATZ (gRISONS). 305
sun's heat, and not be bothered with the cold-
ness of the air. In December, January and
February cloudless days are frequent.
The important question is — what classes
of cases can be sent with advantage to
this dry, cold, stimulating climate ? The
vital forces of the patients sent here must be
strong, so that they can re-act under the
stimulation. People who like cold weather
and feel well under its influence improve here
as a rule. Toboganning, sledging and skat
ing attract many here.
Therapeutics. — Neurasthenia, anaemia,
convalesence, dyspepsia and certain forms of
phthisis. Here the general habit and tem-
perament of the patient are of such vast
importance that no patient should be sent to
these climates except by a physician who
understands not only the climate but the
constitution of the patient. Nervous asthma
does well here, but not when dependent upon
emphysema.
The town is now well-drained, and lighted
with electricity.
306 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Physicians. — Dr. W. K. Huggard (Eng-
lish), Dr. Tucker-Wise, Dr. Spengler (Swiss).
Hotels. — Victoria, Angleterre, Belvedere,
Schweizer Hof.
SWISS SUMMER STATIONS.
Geneva.
Eleven hours from Paris by P.L.M.R.R.,
seventy francs, or fifty second class. The
evening express carries second class. From
London, 2s.
Therapeutics. — This city is not a health
resort, but it is the gateway to Switzerland,
and deserves mention for several reasons.
The annual death rate is only fifteen, one
of the lowest in Europe. The sewerage
system is admirably managed. The drains
empty into two large collecting channels, one
on each side of the River Rhone, which pours
from the lake. The current is very swift here,
and every impurity is rapidly carried far below
the city, and destroyed by the force of the
current and the richness of the water in
oxygen. The drinking water is drawn from
GENEVA.
the lake above all this, and is very pure.
This accounts for the plac^ being healthy, not-
withstanding the rather severe climate. In
summer it is dusty and dull ; foreigners only
pass through the city, resting for a day or
two at most. It is often very windy.
Geneva has an altitude of 1,227 f^^t, and
its meteorological variations are those of the
Alpine regions in general. The average
winter temperature is 35° Fah., summer
76" Fah. There are hardly any amusements
in summer. In winter there are good per-
formances in a very pretty theatre on the
model of the Grand Opera in Paris.
Physicians, — Drs. Cordes, M.R.C.P., and
Vulliet ; they speak English.
American Dentist. — Hurlburt.
American Church. — The Rev. Adamson.
Hotels. — National, De La Paix, Russie,
Des Bergues, La Geneve, Victoria, Bellevue.
All good and reasonable.
Books.— T\\^ town publishes a good guide
in English for one franc.
308 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
MONTREUX.
Route by R.R. from Geneva, but it is better
to take the steamer up the lake in six hours.
From London, £6 5s. 3d Montreux really
includes several stations which are close to it.
Clm^ens, Vernex- Montreux^ Territet-Glion,
and Veytaux. These places have grown
together, and form one whole under the
district name of Montreux. This is certainly
the prettiest part of Lake Leman or Geneva.
Well-sheltered, it is a favourite resort for
autumn and spring, and many persons make
it a winter residence. It is a climatic and
intermediate station with a grape cure in the
fall. The winter climate is crisp and bright,
and though the rainfall is heavy, fifty inches,
there are many clear days. The best season
is autumn. This north-eastern shore of the
lake, as we have said, is the grandest and
most picturesque part. The place is very
popular with the English, and its climate is
certainly heaven in comparison with their
own. It is not a warm winter climate as
some make the mistake of describing it.
MONTREUX.
Each district here has its particular
character; Territet is considered the most
sheltered, Veyteaux is quite quiet, Clarens is
a beautiful nook, and Montreux proper is
somewhat more airy. There is a railway
station and steamboat landing at each place.
Above Montreux is Glion, with its ascending
railway, that now goes on up to Caux and
Les Rockers de la Naye, thus making an
ascending scale of altitude that is useful in
certain cases. Glion itself being over 800
feet above Montreux, Caux is nearly 3,500
feet above sea-level and La Naye over 6,000.
Physicians. — Dr. Tucker-Wise (English,
I, Villa Magnolias, in winter). Hotels, at
Clarens, — The Beau-Site, Roy, Vernex-
Monneys, Cygne. At Montreux — Bellevue,
National, Breuer, Beau-Rivage, Continental.
At Territet — Des Alpes, Mont-Fleuri. Pen-
sions— Visinaud, Vautier. At Glion — Hotel
" Victoria. At Caux — Grand Hotel de Caux.
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Champel-les-Bains.
The hygienic establishment at Champel-sur
Arve is only twenty minutes' walk from the
city of Geneva, in a situation that is one of
the healthiest and most favoured in the
environs of the city.
It is approached by a pleasant and gradual
rise from the town, and is yet in so purely a
country position that it might be many miles
away without being more quiet than it is.
Standing as it does on a plateau overlooking
the surrounding country, with well wooded
grounds on the banks of the River Arve, the
establishment will be found to be provided
with all the modern appliances for hydro-
therapeutic treatment. It has, besides the hot
and cold water appliances, electricity, com-
pressed air, and oxygen inhalations, thus
providing everything that modern science has
discovered for the treatment of nervous
affections, such as neurasthenia, hysteria,
hypochondria, insomnia, spinal diseases,
ataxia, anaemia, dyspepsia, and dilatation of
the stomach, while convalescents will also find
MONNETIER-MORNEX, FRANCE.
here excellent treatment. The routes to this
water cure are to Geneva itself, from whence
it is, as we said above, only ten minutes' drive
by tram or cab, or twenty minutes' walk.
Physician. — Dr. Glatz.
Hotels.— 'Hoid Beau-Sejour, Hotel Pen-
sion, La Roseraie.
THE SALEVE.
MONNETIER-MORNEX ( H AUTE-SaVOIe),
France.
The new electric railway now runs up to
this station from Geneva in an hour, fare
1.50 francs. It is a favourite climatic spot,
and has been used as a health resort for
many years by the people of Geneva, even
in winter. The altitude is 2,600 feet, and
the place is charmingly situated on the slope
of the mountain, facing south. It is much
used in summer by those who have been for
a treatment to mineral water baths elsewhere.
They rest and get the tonic fine air here
where there is no dew or fog, and the soil.
312 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
being of a calcareous nature, it is very dry, so
that patients come to enjoy the atmosphere
of these mountains and the sunshine, which
is constant here when the valley below is in
fog and dampness. There is a magnificent
view of Mont-Blanc and the Alps, which are
near by, and are well seen from this high pla-
teau, so that many come for the view alone,
or to visit the "Voutes," called Balmesde
I'Ermitage," and The Pas de I'Echelle,"
the curious path of loo great steps cut out
of the rock that joins Veyrier to Monnetier.
There is also the Roman camp to see, as well
as the new tunnel of the electric railway.
This station is a most useful one for
chronic forms of rheumatism, gout, asthma,
gastritis, dyspepsia, insomnia, and nervous
diseases. It only requires a good hydro-
therapeutic institution here to use its fine
water power, and add it to the already ex-
isting fine conditions for a health station.
Anaemia and general feebleness of convales-
:ents do well here in the oxygenated air.
Doctors. — The Geneva doctors will come
up here. There is telephone communication,
LAUSANNE — OUCHY. 313
but there are Drs. Dupuis and Favre at
Annemasse, and Dr. Goy at Reignier close
by.
Hotels. — Hotel Bellevue. Pensions —
Beau-Site, Bains, Savoie, &c.
Lausanne — Ouchy.
Latisanne is under two hours by rail from
Geneva. A wire cable railway runs down to
Ouchy in ten minutes, as this place is the lake-
port of Lausanne, and quite the favourite
sojourn, being v/ell protected, and possessing
the fine Hotel Beau Rivage, which under the
management of M. Tschumi, is certainly one
of the best conducted hotels in Europe.
Lausanne itself is well situated on the slope
of a hill 1,700 feet above the sea, and is quite
a large town, having 35,000 inhabitants, and
many visitors in summer ; standing as it does,
so high, it is cold in winter, but sunny, and
has some fog, with a good deal of wind. It
is all up and down hill, and is suitable to
patients who need a bracing tonic air. The
great feature here is the good schools and
314 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
reasonable life. Many English bring their
children here to be educated.
. Ouchy is a beautiful spot, with a magnifi-
cent view over the lake. It is protected from
the Bise," or north winds of Lausanne itself.
There are good swimming and other baths
here of the lake water.
At Ouchy the hotels are — the Grand Hotel
Beatc Rivage, The Chateau, and Pensions, as
well as furnished apartments.
The Lausanne hotels are — The Richemont,
Gibbon, Faucon-Beausite, Pension, Grancy-
Villa, &c.
Doctors. — Dr. De la Harpe (speaks Eng-
lish. In fact, the Swiss doctors mostly all
speak French, English and German), Prof.
De Cerenville, Drs. Larguier and Rogione.
Drs. Defour aud Verrey (oculists).
Vevey,
This well-known Swiss town Is on the
Leman Lake, with routes from Geneva by
rail and steamer. The population is about
10,000, but is much increased in summer by
VEVEY.
visitors. It is 1,250 feet above sea-level, and
is renowned for its cleanliness, salubrious con-
ditions, and the comparative mildness of its
climate, it being the first of the towns in this
most protected region which has been called
The Nice of Switzerland. The admirable
situation of Vevey on the shores of the lake,
with its lovely views, have often been spoken
of by poets. The temperature, though va-
riable, is not subject to violent or extreme
changes. There is little dampness in the
air, snow is rare, and fogs almost unknown.
Many medical authorities recommend Vevey
as an after cure for the air, to patients who
have taken a course at Aix-les-Bains, Vichy,
Carlsbad, and the other watering places. It
is also a good station both before and after
the season of the Riviera. Vevey has milk
and grape cures, as well as baths of all kinds.
Excellent water supply from the mountains,
and the mortality is very low.
The numerous pleasant excursions from
Vevey by carriage, tram, steamer, and on
foot, as well as the charming promenade
along the terraces by the lake, makes one of
the attractions of the town.
3l6 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
There are concerts in the theatre as well
as opera and plays, and at St. Martin's
temple, also in the hotel gardens. Like
Lausanne, the schooling is celebrated — par-
ticu arly for boys.
The hotels are universally known for their
comfort, like many others in this country of
good hotels. The charges are also very
moderate. M. A. Riedel is a model host,
and has a fine hotel of 120 rooms, in a most
charming situation near the steamboat land-
ing— Vevey la Tour — called Hotel du Lac,
The other hotels are the Trois Couronnes,
Grand, Angleterre, &c.
Doctors. — E. Muret, Rossier, Turin, and
H. Martin (speak English).
317
APPENDIX.
of some smaller Health Resorts and Mineral Waiei
Stations abroad^ arranged alphabetically.
Am6lie-Les-Bains (France).
This station is twenty-four hours from Paris
per the P.L.M.R.R. to Perpignan. It is in the
Pyrenees Oriental department, and has hot sulphur-
ous springs with temperature of 90° to 130° P'ah.
They are very abundant ; one of them is called
" Escaldadou" meaning hot and soft. There are
three establishments. The first is a military one
which has water so hot that it has to be cooled off
before using it. The other two convey the waters
of the springs to the hotels, and the treatment is
carried out there.
Therapy. — This is the same as at all sulphur
waters. Rheumatism, syphilis, scrofula, uterine
diseases, surgical affections and skin complaints,
with this respiratory diseases.
Amelie claims both a summer and winter season,
It is so far south that its climate is certainly a
mild one and is in the midst of pine trees. It is
not so exciting as the more open resorts on the
Riviera. The winter cannot, however, compare
with the celebrated resorts like Nice, &c. It is
good in the a.utumn, and it is not so relaxing as
3i8
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Pau. The altitude is 760 feet above sea level. The
mean temperature is 46° from November to June.
Hotels. — Thermes, Pujade, Romains, Martinet,
Kursaal.
Doctors. — Picard, Le Marchand, Arnal, Pujade.
Argel^:s-Gazost (France).
This station is nine miles from Lourdes in the
Hautes Pyrenees district, and is reached from
Pierrefite, about an hour from Pau. It is a pretty
little village. Argeles itself, and the waters of
Gazost are brought to it in enclosed pipes. These
are sulphurous and bromo-iodurated; useful in skin
diseases, nervous affections and women's diseases
as well as chronic intestinal troubles. The altitude
here is 1,550 feet, and the mountains are seen rising
higher at a little distance off. This is a great
centre for excursions to Cauterets, St. Sauveur,
Luz and Eaux-Bonnes. The climate is mild in
spring, and many English come here from the near
by resorts as early as April and stay late in the
autumn, to November, before going farther south.
Doctors. — Blondin, Labit.
Hotels. — De France, Du Pare.
Badenweiler (Germany).
In the Duchy of Baden, four miles from Mtihl-
heim, near Freiberg. This station has some warm
saline-alkaline waters that are used for obesity,
liver diseases, and various respiratory troubles^ as
BALARUC (fRANCe).
3^9
well as nervous diseases. It is on the borders of
the Black Forest and some good trout fishing is
to be had. The Pine forests about make it a
mild climate, and the altitude is 1400 feet. The
milk cure and the " Terrain-Kur " are given well
here.
Doctors. — Siegle, Kollmann, Leiser.
Hotels. — Romerbad, Sommer, Sonne.
Bagnoles-de-l'Orne (France).
This station is on the West of France R.R.,
140 miles from the Montparnasse Station. Paris
in six hours ; fare twenty-five francs. It has a
weak sulphuretted spring and two iron ones. The
bathing establishment is a good one, with two
large swimming baths, and fifty others. The
treatment here is of hysteria, chorea, gout, rheu-
matism, and skin affections, such as eczema, psoria-
sis, prurigo, &c.
The little village is in a picturesque situation in
a pretty Normandy valley on a lake, and close to
a fine wood of pine trees, in which there are some
delightful walks and drives along the river La Vee,
which forms the lake.
Doctors, — Censier, Jobert.
Hotels — Des Bains, de Bagnoles.
Balaruc (France).
This watering place is in the Herault depart-
ment, in the south of France, on the branch of the
P.L.M.R.R. to Cette, from here omnibus can be
320 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
taken to the baths, four miles out, or nearly oppo-
site on a peninsula. These sodio-cloinated waters
are sinailar to those of Wiesbaden, and like most
salt waters are slightly laxative in large doses.
They have a sedative action on the nervous sys-
tem, and when given very hot in baths, as is the
custom here, they produce a revulsion on the skin
that is useful in many chronic complaints, such as
paralysis, for which this station is traditional ; also
in sciatica and rheumatism, when the joints are
hard and set ; particularly are they good when
the cases are complicated with scrofula ; locomotor
ataxy cases are sent here as well. Besides the
waters from the springs, the salt lake near by is
used for baths, while massage, electricity, and all
the other agents of cure are added when needed.
Balaruc is quite close to Montpellier, and is on
the Lake Thau, which is an inlet of the Mediterra-
nean Sea. Being so far south it is best to visit
this station early in the spring, or late in autumn,
as the summer months are very hot. The sanitary
state of this peninsula is very good, and the lon-
gevity of its inhabitants remarkable.
Doctors. — Dr. Ducoux.
Hotels. — De France, Theremes.
Bex.
This well-known Swiss station in Canton Vaud is
quite a centre of attraction ; as it is in the beautiful
scenery of the Rhone Valley, with delightful walks
and excursions around. The Dent du Midi and
BOURBON l'aRCHAMBAULT (fRANCE). 32 1
Dent de Morcles mountains tower above it, while
the Valley des Ormonts behind it is a charming
country. The hydro-therapeutic establishment is a
first-class one ; giving good treatment in liver
diseases, rheumatism, nervous affections, &c., &c.
The "Grape and Milk Cure" is also given in perfec-
tion. The altitude here is 1,400 feet above the sea.
English Church opposite the Grand Hotel des
Bains.
Hotels, — Grand Hotel des Bains, Salines, Alpes.
Doctor, — Dr. Huenerwadel.
Bourbon l'Archambault (France).
This well-known spa is in the Allier Department,
in the centre of France, close to Souveyny station,
on the Orleans R.R., 212 miles from Paris. It
can also be approached on the P.L.M.R.R. via
Moulins ; but it is a two hours 'bus drive from this
last station (twelve miles). The waters are salt
and iron springs. The new bathing establishment
is a very fine one, lately built by the French
Government, which has a hospital here for the
Military.
The diseases treated are : — Rheumatism and
paralysis, even hemiplegia and paraplegia, as well
as the scrofulous and lymphatic constitutions in
general, as at all salt springs.
The town is a small one of 4,000 inhabitants,
in a hilly region, at 900 feet elevation above the
sea.
Doctors. — Carnat, Regnault, Prevost.
Hotels,— France, Montespan, Du Pare.
322
HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
Capvern (France).
These springs are on the South of France R.R.,
on the Hne from Tarbes to Toulouse, 725 miles from
Paris.
The waters are calcareo-sulphated springs, similar
to those of Contrexeville, and they improve diges-
tion more than these waters, whilst they increase
urine. Like the last spring they are used in gravel
and bladder affections, vesical catarrh, gall stones,
calculi, &c. The altitude here is 1,400 feet ; and as
it is close to the higher mountains of this Pyrenean
region there are plenty of excursions to make. The
place has only i,oco inhabitants, but has now over
5,000 visitors during the summer season.
Doctors, — Delfau, Bastin, Caseneuve.
Hotels, — The Grand.
Gardone-Riviera (Austria).
Round a westerly running arm of the Lake Garda
is a favoured region that boasts a winter tempera-
ture of 40° Fah., and it is put forward as a winter
resort, being already a charming summer one. There
is a good hotel here, the Grand Hotel Gardone-
Riviera ; and while its name Riviera is probably
borrowed from the south of France and Italy it docs
not belie it, for the place is really in a mild winter
climate. The snow lies deep some miles beyond,
but this favoured region has a comparatively good
climate in winter, and is getting rapidly into fashion
amongst those who cannot go south or do not care
LUXEUIL (fRANCE).
to, having found a sheltered nook that answers their
purpose for a winter sojourn. In the text will be
found Arco, also on this Austrian Lake, that has
become an Austrian winter station. It is quite im-
possible for all invalids who want fine weather in
winter to go to Upper Egypt or Africa, so that
many must perforce be contented with the best they
can get nearer home, and this is just one of the
places that persons in the north of Europe should
try. We do not pretend, and the good citizens of
the place do not, that it is as fine a climate as the
south of France, Nice, &c., but it is one of the next
best.
Lamalou (France).
This bath is near Bedarieux station, in the south
of France, in the same department as Balaruc, the
" Herault." They are weak carbonated springs,
and, unfortunately, the establishments are divided
into three separate ones, called " Le Bas " or lower,
the Centre, and " Le Haut " or Upper.
The speciality here is locomotor ataxy, neuralgia,
nervous diseases, rheumatism, &c.
The place being hot in July and August, it is
customary to advise all patients to go in May or
June, or in September or October.
Doctors. — Belugou, Cros, Donnedieu.
Hotels close to each bathing establishment.
LuxEUiL (France).
This station is on the E. of F.R.R. via Lure, in
the Haute Saone Department. The waters are like
324 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
those of Nevis and Plombieres, and this last station
is only twelve miles off. There are eighteen sodio-
clorinated springs, and the baths are nicely arranged,
having a great reputation as a " Ladies' Bath."
There are besides the salt springs, three warm iron
ones, and some very fine swimming baths.
The alkaline springs are used for rheumatism
and dyspepsia as well as for neuralgia and hysteria;
the principal indication is that the malady should
be in a nervous person, as the baths are supposed to
be very sedative. The iron waters are, of course,
used for anaemia and chlorosis.
The town is a small one of 5,000 inhabitants, at
an elevation of 1,355 ^^^t. It is close to the Vosges
Mountains, and the air is better here than at
Plombieres.
Doctors. — Mosmann, Champouillon.
Hotel, — Des Thermes.
Le Vernet (France).
This important summer and winter station lies
on the South of France R.R. to Perpignan and
branch to Prades ; from this 'last station it is 5^
miles by 'bus.
The waters are sulphurous-saline in character,
and are useful in disease of the respiratory organs,
which indeed is the speciality of this station. The
"Air Cure" for phthisis is carried out here winter
and summer. In the last they use the springs, and
in winter they have an excellent establishment
to carry on the treatment, similar to that seen in the
LE VERNET (frANCe).
Black Mountains in Germany, at Falkenstein, &c.
The results obtained, as may be supposed, in the
more favourable climate are as good, if not superior,
to those of the German resorts, in consumption.
The altitude here is 2,044 ^^^et, and it is sheltered
under Mount Canigou, which is 9,100 feet high,
being the highest mountain in the Eastern Pyre-
nees. The winter temperature is about 54° Fah. ;
but while the place is much sheltered by high
mountains for the same reasons it has very little sun
in winter. During January and December the sun
does not reach the valley but a few hours per day.
It is rather astonishing that such sanatoriums do
not locate in the sunny Riviera. The climate in the
spring and autumn is very mild and agreeable.
There is fine mountain scenery and a stimulating
air.
Doctors. — Massina, Sebourin.
Hotels. — Du Pare, Commandants (with baths),
Des Pyreenes, and Ibrimhim Pasha (whose son
was cured here).
326
PHARMACEUTICAL DIRECTORY.
The following is a list of some of the principal chemists on the
Continent who keep good stocks of English and American chemi-
cal and pharmaceutical preparations, such as the "Tabloids" of
Compressed Drugs from Burroughs, Wellcome & Co,, London and
New York, the Kepler Extract and Essence of Malt and Solution
of Cod Liver Oil, " Hazeline " Cream, " Lanoline " preparations,
&c. :—
Aigle — Rimatke, T,
Baden-Baden — Roessler, Dk
Bad Kissingeit — Ihl^ Ernst.
Bagnires de Bigorre — Soye^ E»
Biarritz — Bignon, H,
Bordighera — Balestra, Guiseppe.
Bruxelles — Delacre, CJi.^ Pharmacie Anglaise.
Biida-Pest — Tor ok ^ J.
Cannes — Brearley & Bascoul ; Gilmer ^ B. Isaac ;
Grass, T.
Carlsbad — Worlick, F, E.
Cologne — Opdenhoff, O.
Constanti?tople — Canzuch, Josef; Kassapian, Vin-
cent; Pharmacie Zanni.
Davos Platz — Hausmann, T. ; Reinhardt, Dr,
Otto.
Dordrecht — Bosson, R. G. W.
Dresden — Baumann, G.
Dusseldorf—Herrn, Horsmengel.
Florence — Roberts, H. & Co. ; Groves, H. ; Zansse^t^
A. ; Brest ; Pegna Cesar e & Figli.
PHARMACEUTICAL INDEX. 327
Geneva — Pharmacie Finck ; Goegg ; Reymond
Freres; Uhlmanity Eyraud.
Genoa — Bignone^ Cav. F. ; Briata ; Degiovanni
E. ; Guerello, A. ; Magnone& Giannetti ; Mosca-
telli ; Olivieri^ Rajjaelle ; Vijicenze ; Delia Cella ;
Zerega,
Gibraltar — Patron's Pharmacy ; Roberts^ W. F. ;
Garibaldi', Triay, Dr.
Hyeres — Powell; Mas set ; Anas t ay,
Madrid — Melchor, Garcia ; Gayoso & Moreno ; Her-
nandez; Jose y Hermans ; Garridol, Mejia,
Malta — Greek & Co, ; Kingston & Co.
Marseilles — A. J. Grills ; Larbato, A. ; Andres &
Lieu tier ; Rock & Fils.
Mentone — Baiit, J. {Pharmacie Lindewald) ; Gilson.
Milano—Zambeletti; Bonetti, Carlo; Baldassare ;
Castelli Pharmacia ; Funagelli Pharmacia ; For-
maggia^ Cav. Guiseppe ; Guiseppe ; Orsaria^
Pietro ; Polli ; Scipiotti,
Monte Carlo — Cruzel, L.
Naples — Durst, J. y 31 "3 2, Largo Garopalo ; Emilio^
Luigi ; Mar cello, Vicenzo ; Santora, Luigi.
Nice — Nicholls & Passeron ; Internationale Phar-
macie {Query, L.) ; Feraud, A. ; Liotard, E,\
Morel, P.
Palermo — Hamnett ; Towsey Bros.
Paris — Hogg, Dr. ; Pharmacie A nglaise des Champs
Ely sees; Hogg, T. P., 2, Rue des Castiglione ;
Midy, L. ; Swann, H. H. ; Rogers, H. ; Roberts
& Co. ; Beral; Delouche, J. ; Pharmacie Centrale
de France.
328 HEALTH RESORTS OF EUROPE.
San Remo — Squire^ F. R,
Venice — Zarnpironi,
Vichy — SantereaUy L,
Vienna — Frank ; Sobel, Max ; Weisswasser, Her-
mann.
Wiesbaden — Ladis, Dr. {Hof-Apotheke\
Zurich — Dunnenberger^ Dr. ; Hagel ; Holliker &
Co.; Wursdorfer^ W.
329
GENERAL ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Aberystwith ...
PAGE
Abazzia
69
Acqui
263
Aigle-les-Bains ...
299
Aix-les-Bains
... 83, 104
Aix-la-Chapelle ...
211
Ajaccio
198
Algiers
... ... 183
Allevard
109
Alassio
273
Amelie-les-Bains
Amphion
161
Apollinaris
14
Arcachon
171
Arco
68
Archena
283
Ardales
284
Argeles-Gazost ...
318
Austro-Hungary
43, 3"
Aulus
125
Ax
125
B.
Bath
... 249
Baden-Baden
... 214
Baden (Austria)
... 45
Baden (Swiss)
... 291;
Badenweiler
... 318
Bagneres de Bigorre . . .
... 113
Bagnoles-de L'Orne ...
... 319
Balaruc
... 319
Bareges
Beaulieu
Berck-sur-Mer
Belgium and Holland 75
Berlin 239
Bex
Biarritz
Bournemouth
Boulogne-sur-Mer
Bourbon I'Archambault
Bourboule (La)
Bordighera ...
Blida
Brides-les-Bains
Bussang
Buda-Pest ...
Buxton
Cannes
Carlsbad
Capvern
Cap Martin
Carratraca
Carabana
Castabelle
Cauterets
Cestona
Champel-les-Bains
Chatel Guyon
Contrexeville
Concarneau
PAGE
116
197
168
314
320
320
174
258
168
321
144
272
184
108
158
48
251
. 52
. 322
, 203
. 284
. 117
. 186
. 117
. 287
. 310
■ 137
• 154
• 165
330
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
PAGE
G.
Cowes
254
Classification of
Mineral
Gardone-Riviera
Waters
20
Gastein
Clifton...
252
Germany
Chalks
94
Genoa
Cheltenham
245
Geneva
Cusset (see Vichy)
148
Gerardmer (Vosges)
Cuxhaven
235
Gilsland
Giesshlibler
D.
Dax
Davos-Platz
Deauville ..
Dieppe
Dinard
Dinsdale
Dover
Droitwich . .
Eaux Bonnes ,
Eaux Chaudes .
Eastbourne ... ,
Eilsen
Eichwald ...
Epsom
Ems
Enghien
Encausse
Evian-les-Bains
ifetretat
Falkenstein
Folkestone
Forges, Les Eaux
Les Bains
Florence
Franzensbad
France
Friedrichshall
Funchal (see Madeira)
French Sea Sides
Climates
... 152
••• 303
... 171
... 169
... 171
... 244
... 254
... 247
119
121
256
213
65
247
227
127
125
159
171
277,
81!
238
254
163
164
325
50
314
245
292
165
165
Glion (see Montreux)
Great Biitain
Gorbersdorf
Grasse
H.
Hastings
Harrogate
Hamman D'Ira ...
Hawaiian Islands
Heligoland
Homburg
Holland
Hunyadi Janos ...
Hyeres
I.
Ilfracombe
Introductory Hints
Ischl
Ischia
Irun
Italy
JUNQUEIRO
Kissingen
Kreuznach ..
La Bauche
Lamalou . .
J.
K.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
PAGE
Langenbriicken 213
Las Caldas da Rainha ... 287
Las Caldas de Vizella ... 288
Lausanne 3^3
Leamington 246
Leghorn 269
Levico 66
Le Croisic 171
Ledesma 282
Loueche (or Leukerbad) ... 294
London 259, 322
Llandrindod 246
Limone 269
Lisdunvarna 246
Luchon 121
Lucca 265
Lucerne 3^9
Luxeuil 323
M.
Madrid 280
Marienbad 58
Marlioz 93
Margate 254
Matlock 249
Madeira 291
Malaga 290
Martigny-les-Bains 156
Mentone 200
Meran 70
Meinberg 213
Monaco 199
Monnetier-Mornex 311
Monte Carlo 199
Montreux 308
Mont Dore 139
Moffatt 246
Montmirail 136
Monte Cateni 268
Mont Revard 99
N.
Nauheim 217
Neuenahr 228
Neuendorf 213
12
PAGE
Neris 147
Nervi 275
Naples 279
Nice 190
O.
Olette 125
Orezza 162
Ostende 79
Ospedaletti 273
P.
Paris 205, 316
Pau 203
Panticosa 285
Pegli 274
Penzance 256
Poretta (La) 266
Pougues 151
Pornic 171
Pierrefonds 129
Portugal 280
Plombieres 157
Pisa 276
Pullna 245
Pyrinont 231
Q.
QUEENSTOWN 254
R.
Ramsgate 254
Ragatz-Pfaffers 298
Renlaigue 162
Royan 171
Royat : 141
Rubinat 280
Rome 278
S.
Salins 134
Salies de Beam 132
1 Sedlitz 43
332
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
PAGE
San Remo .. 270
San Sebastian 289
Santa Agueda 285
Saint Sauveur 124
Saint-Honore 126
Saint-Simon 94
Saint-Malo 171
Saint-Moritz 300
Saint-Christen 125
Saint-Jean de Luz 176
Shap 244
Siradan 125
Schinznach 296
Scheveningen 80
Schlangenbad 229
Schwalbach 232
Soden 223
Spezzia 276
Spa 76
Spain 280, 325
Scarborough 254
Strathpeffer 246
Switzerland 292, 326
T.
Tarasp
... 302
Teplitz
... 63
Torquay
... 258
Therapeutical Index...
... 23
Tunbridge Wells
- 253
Trouville-sur-Mer
... 170
Torres Vedras
... 288
u.
USSAT
PACK
.. 125
Uriage
.. Ill
V.
V A1>U1 C-K 1
. . 204
Ventnor
Vernet
■3 '7 /I
Vevey
.. 114
Vichy
.. 148
Vidago ... ... ...
.. 289
Vittel
••
Villacabras ... ... ...
.. 280
Vienna
•• 73
Via Reggio
277
Voslau (Bad)
• • 47
Villefranche (see Nice)
.. 191
w.
Weilbach 213
Wiesbaden 224
Wildegg 297
Winter Resorts in France 177
Wildbad 230
Woodhall Spa 249
Z.
Zarans 290
Improved Methods of Medication.
Voice "Tabloids."
Containing Chlorate of Potassium, Borax, and a trace of Cocaine.
These quickly remove hoarseness, allay
irritation, correct fetor of the breath,
impart a clear tonicity to the vocal cords,
and promote healthy secretion. A Voice
"Tabloid" may be slowly dissolved on
the tongue while singing or speaking
without causing any inconvenience.
In 1/- and 2/- boxes.
The " Pinoi-Eucalyptia" Dry inliaier
Is strongly recommended by eminent laryngologists and the medical
press for the inhalation of air saturated with " Pinol " or other volatile oil.
The instrument consists of a glass inhaling tube, filled with chips of
absorbent pine wood. By pouring in a few drops of "Pinol" the wood
absorbs it ; and as air is being drawn through, the essential principles are
volatilised, and pass into the respiratory passages with the air. The
instrument, in neat little case, together with a small vial each of " Pinol "
and " Eucalyptia," may be conveniently carried in the vest pocket.
Price, 1/6 each.
The Vereker Chloride of Ammonium Inhaler.
It has been a matter of great difficulty in the past to provide a Chloride
of Ammonium Inhaler which would produce perfectly neutral fumes.
These fumes when either acid or alkaline have a very irritating action, and
no good results can be expected from their use. On the other hand, the
neutral vapour has a most salutary effect in removing unhealthy and
offensive secretions and in restoring the long-weakened and congested
nasal and respiratory passages to a healthy condition, and this in a
comparatively short time. The Vereker Inhaler affords perfectly neutral
fumes, is easy to charge, does not easily get out of repair, and is at all
times ready for immediate use.
Supplied at 7/6 each in neat case, complete.
Burroughs, Wellcome & Co.,
Manufacturing Chemists, LONDON.
Cable and Telegraphic Address : " BURCOME, LONDON."
PHOTOGRAPHIC "TABLOIDS"
(B. W. A GO.).
Experience is often dearly purchased, and this is especially the case with
Amateur Photographers. Many a failure has taught the tyro that unstable
solutions and old-fashioned methods will not ensure success. But beginners will
undoubtedly find that very little experience is required to become deft and accomp-
lished workers, if they use Photographic "Tabloids." They were designed with
four main objects in view, namely, to save time, money, trouble, and space.
Public opinion says that these objects are attained. You do not want a large
amount of shelf room, since "Tabloids" occupy very little space ; you do not want
scales and weights, or mortars and pestles, since neither weighing nor measurement
is needed. Photographers have only to try for themselves ; they will immediately
become enthusiastic votaries of this tried and approved method.
PHOTOGRAPHIC " TABLOIDS "
Won a
HIGHEST AWARD
at Chicago.
CA UTION. — The keeping
qualities of Photographic
" Tabloids " will naturally
be influenced adversely if
the bottles are not kept
tightly corked. They should
be stored in a dry atmos-
phere.
List of Photographic " Tabloids."
Eikonogen " Tabloids "
Eikonogen with Quinol
Paramidophenol
Pyro Developer
Pure Pyrogallic Acid i gr
2 gr
,, 4 gr
Pyrogallic Acid with Eikonogen
Quinol
Quinol with Pyro
Accelerator " Tabloids " for Developing \
' ' Tabloids "generally J
Restrainer " Tabloids," Bromide of "I
Potassium i gr. each J
Restrainer " Tabloids," Bromide of"!
Ammonium i gr. each J
Gold Toning " Tabloids," in tubes conta;
Full directions for use accompany each package.
To he obtained of all Chemists and Dealers in Photographic Goods,
or direct from the Manufacturers,
Burroughs, Wellcome & Co,
SNOW HILL BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.G.
in bottles of 15 and 40,
6d. and
i/- each.
15
, 40,
6d. „
,, 12
, 30,
6d. „
i/-
15
, 70>
6d. „
1/- „
„ 45
120,
6d. „
i/- ..
30
, 80,
6d. „
i/- „
18
. 45.
6d. „
i/- „
,, 20
n 50,
6d. „
i/- »
25
„ 70,
6d. „
i/- „
18
. 45»
6d. „
i/.
30
I 100,
4d.
9d.
50
„ 125,
4d. „
gd. ,,
50
„ 125,
4d. „
9d.
ining three
l/- M
SOLUBLE "TABLOIDS" OF^
COMPRESSED DRUGS.
Prepared by BURROUGHS, WeLLCOME & Co.
PURE.
PALATABLE.
PERMANENT.
PORTABLE.
Progressive physicians throughout the world
have welcomed our improvements, and are offering
us every encouragement to continue our work.
Successful practitioners now recognise the well-
established facts that in the practice of medicine
absolute accuracy of dose is of the greatest impor-
tance, and that the influence of the mind over the
body is such that whims and fastidiousness of
patients in respect to nauseous and palate-offending
medicines cannot be ignored. It is well known that
patients often deceive their medical advisers by
secretly destroying or throwing away medicines which
thus offend, or of which the appearance is repulsive,
and this even in cases where the successful or un-
successful action of the remedy is a matter of life or
death ; as a natural result, if the patient die or
derive no benefit, the doctor, or the drug, or both,
bear the blame.
"Tabloids" of compressed drugs in accurately
divided doses greatly lessen the risk of error by
nurses and patients, and afford an unchangeable
and acceptable form for administration ; at the
same time these medicines are so compact and
portable that patients travelling or attending to
business, professional, or official duties, can easily
carry them in the pocket without the least incon-
venience.
In prescribing "Tabloids" the greatest care
should be exercised to prevent substitution ; in fact,
when our products are required it is wise to append
the initials " B. W. & Co."
( "For purity of the medicine
Official Text
of Award con-
ferred upon
" Tabloids " at
the Chicago
Exhibition.
used in compounding ; for
ready solubility of coating
and ingredients of the ' Tab-
loids ' ; for the improved
method of manufacture, and
general appearance of the
..manufactured article."
Burroughs, Wellcome & Co.,
/iRanufactudng Cbemists,
SNOW HILL BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.G.
"TABLOID" MEDICINE CASES AND CHESTS.
We make a special feature of Portable Medicine Cases and Chests
fitted with "Tabloids" (Trade Mark) of Compressed Drugs, varying
in size and capacity from a small Pocket Case holding five small vials, to the
Congo Chest, containing 36 large bottles of "Tabloids," and accommodation for
a considerable supply of Surgical Appliances. A "Tabloid" Medicine Chest or
Case constitutes the
BEST POSSIBLE MEDICAL EqTTIPMENT FOB
TRAVELLERS,
Missionaries, Explorers, Army and Ship Surgeons, Planters,
Yachtsmen, Mountaineers, Mining Companies, Colonists,
Engineers, &c., &c., as well as for general family use.
The late Surgeon-Major T. H. Parke, Medical Officer of Stanley's Emin
Pasha Rtlief Expedition, wrote in his latest book, " Guide to Health in
Africa," regarding
"Tabloids" :—
" The medicinal pre-
parations which I have
throughout recom-
mended are those of
Messrs. Burroughs,
Wellcome & Co., as I
have found, _ after a
varied experience of
the different forms in
v hich drugs are pre-
pared for foreign use,
that there are none
which can be com-
pared with them for
convenience of porta-
bility in transit, and
for unfailing reliability
in strength of doses
after prolonged ex-
posure. I have always
elt that the Officers of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition, one and all, owed their
lives to the unchangeability of these preparations, and know that I am but
fulfilling my duty to every traveller in recommending them."
The late Commander Lovett Cameron, the distinguished African Explorer,
said of " Tabloids " and "Tabloid" Cases :—" Anything so complete in so small
and portable a shape, it is almost impossible to imagine. '
"OFF TO THE WAR." Extract from interview with Mr. Frederic Villiers
in Black and White, August i8th, 1894 :— " My (the interviewer's) attention was then
called to a little tin box Mr. Villiers was packing carefully in his Saratoga Trunk.
'Oh, that is a most invaluable thing. It is one of Burroughs & Wellcome's
Medicine Chests. Not that I shall have much time for dispensing " Tabloids " to
sick Japanese and Chinese troops, but there will be a store near if any of the
doctors run short. I shall probably be glad of it myself before the campaign is
over. ' "
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY -FOUR A WARDS have been conferred upon Burroughs,
Wellcome <V Co., at the great Exhibitions 0/ the World, for their fine
products, iftcluding Eleven Highest Awards at the Chicago Exposition, 1S93,
and the "-Grand Prix" at Antwerp, i8g4.
Burroughs, Wellcome & Co.,
Manufacturing Chemists, SNOW HILL BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.G.
TABLOID^ "of (JompitB^^ed Tea
TRAQE MARK. (Indian & Ceylon Blend),
PRODUCE A DELICIOUS CUP OF TEA IN ONE MINUTE.
Convenience,
Economy,
Purity,
and
Uniformity
Secured,
Specially adapted for Travellers, Expeditions, Schools, Colleges,
etc., as well as for general household use.
TEA TABLOIDS" are made from Pure Tea by a Special Process,
all useless and injurious matter being carefully removed
before compression.
"Tabloids" of Compressed Tea will not only keep and retain their fine
tiavour and aroma much longer than ordinary whole leaf-tea, but, by their
use, the evil effects of excessive tea-drinking are reduced to a minimum.
The great convenience of tea in "Tabloid" form is at once apparent.
Exactness and uniformity are secured in use, and there can be no waste.
Infusion is complete almost instantaneously, owing to the leaf being
reduced to so fine a powder that the boiling water acts on it all at once.
Keeping qualities are greatly increased and improved owing to smallness
of surface exposed. Absolute purity and absence of injurious properties of
tea are secured.
DIRECTIONS.— Drop one or more "Tabloids" into a Cup, pour on
Boiling Water, add Milk and Sugar to taste, stir for 30 seconds,
and allow to settle.
♦
Sold in Boxes containing 100 and 200 at 6d. and is. each.
Strainers are supplied at is. 6d. each.
Teaspoon
Burroughs, Wellcome & Co.,
SNOW HILL BUILDINGS. E.G.
THE VALUE OP
Peptonized (Predigested) Milk
IN THE FEEDING OF INFANTS.
When the very young baby has to be fed artificially, the question of
preparing its food in such a way that it is adapted to the infantile
powers of digestion, is of very special importance. The rational food
for infants is naturally mothers' milk, but when this is not available,
recourse must be had to cows' milk. Now, cows' milk, by itself and
unprepared, is completely impossible of digestion by the infant
stomach, but by means
of Zymine " Pep-
tonizing Powders, it
may be made to re-
, . . , semble mothers' milk
Aaua/ size of tube, j„ ^^^^^ particular,
forming fine flakes instead of curds when acted upon by the digestive
juices, and agreeing when everything else is rejected. The process
of peptonization is extremely simple, and can be carried out by the
most inexperienced of nursemaids. The British Medical Journal
reported: — **The introduction of 'Zymine' Peptonizing Powders has
probably done more than any other therapeutic measure of recent
times to lessen infant mortality. "
In Boxes, containing 12 Tubes, at 1/6 a Box.
Patent Thermo=Safeguard Feeding
Bottles (b. w. &co.).
With thermometer embedded in the glass.
This bottle (which has the further advantage
of being graduated in ounces) is admirably
adapted for use with the *' Zymine" Pep-
tonizing Powders (Fairchild). Safest and
most perfect in existence. The British
Medical Journal says : "It has a great
deal to recommend it. By means of it one is able to regulate both the
temperature and the quantity of the food."
In Three Qualities,
No. 1, 1/3 ; No. 2, 1/9 ; No. 3, 2/6 each.
Burroughs, Wellcome & Co.,
Uanufaoturing Chemists, LONDON, E.G.
TRADE EMOL-KELEET. »a«^
A most delightful, emollient and mildly astringent, absorbent Dusting
Powder, of soft and silky texture, vastly superior to any drying or dusting
powder hitherto known. Speedily dries
and soothes in cases of moist, sensitive,
inflamed, irritated, or chafed surfaces.
Softens and smooths hard and rough
skin. A perfect soothing and absor-
bent powder for toilet purposes, and
for prickly heat in hot climates. Effica-
cious in Eczema and Acne. In cases
of eruptions in Scarlet-fever and
Measles it relieves irritation. It acts as
a natural soap and softens hard water.
This powder is a simple, purified,
natural product, which on analysis is
found to be somewhat allied to superior
varieties of Fuller's Earth. It contains
a considerable percentage of Steatite,
Silica, Alumina, and traces of Calcium
Salts and Ferrous Oxide. The value of Emol-Keleet m the treatment of
skin diseases has already excited great interest amongst the medical pro-
fession. In all cases Emol-Keleet is perfectly harmless.
"HAZELINE " CREAM OINTMENT.
The wide field of usefulness of " Hazeline" in the household, and the
wonderful adaptability of " Lanoline" as a salve in all irritative conditions
of the skin, suggested a combination which succeeded in winning the
immediate and universal favour of the profession.
In ' ' Hazeline " Cream the anodyne and styptic properties of ' ' HazeHne "
are associated with the emollient qualities of " Lanoline," a union that has
shown itself to be singularly happy. " Hazeline " Cream is recognised as
a very valuable and effective adjunct, and is now largely prescribed by the
Medical profession. It keeps excellently well,
both constituents contributing to this end ; in
fact, since " Lanoline," on account of its
chemical character, cannot become rancid or
offensive, this preparation is absolutely free
from the disadvantages attendant upon the use of Cold Creams and other
Toilet preparations in vogue, the majority of which have as bases ordinary
animal fats, so prone to become rancid, and moreover frequently display a
strongly alkaline reaction.
" Hazeline " Cream may be applied to the most delicate surfaces without
fear of irritation, or other undesirable influence. Thus, for allaying
irritation of the skin caused by sunburn, insect stings, &c. , and for pro-
ducing both sedative and soothing effects upon the lining membrane of the
rectum, urethra, or vagina, and in abrasions, chaps, and inflamed conditions
induced by prolonged exercise, such as walking, riding, rowing, &c. , this
preparation is reported to produce an immediately beneficial result in the
majority of cases.
HAZELINK CREAM
Burroughs, Wellcome & Co., Snow Hiii Buildings, London, LC.
The Kepler Products.
THE KEPLER SOLUTION OF COD-LIYER
OIL IN MALT EXTRACT.
The Kepler Solution was the first preparation which represented a
rational method of administering cod-liver oil. When an oil is given alone
a considerable and prolonged digestive effort is required before assimila-
tion is possible, and in not a few instances it is voided unchanged.
Moreover, the digestion is soon deranged. The two problems which
remained unsolved for so many years were : (i) how to cover the unpleasant
taste of the oil ; (2) how to increase its assimilabiUty. Pharmacists tried
every possible means to attain these ends, but since they lost sight of the
fact that cod-liver oil is a food, and treated it as a drug, they met with
only partial success. In emulsions the taste was somewhat masked, but it
was found that in the stomach the oil globules coalesced, and unpleasant
and nauseating eructations resulted. In the Kepler Solution the oil is
actually dissolved in Extract of Malt. It is not emulsified, and no
globules are visible under the microscope. No unpleasant effects are
produced when it is taken into the stomach, but it passes through the
pylorus unaffected, and is readily absorbed by the lacteals.
THE KEPLER MALT EXTRACT.
The many and varied conditions of disease in which the Kepler Extract
of Malt as a food is indicated, and the benefits which are to be obtained
from its use, sufficiently explain the wide popularity it has attained. It is
manufactured from barley, and from barley only, and our perfected
machinery and long experience have enabled us to obtain a product
exhibiting all the nutritive principles of the grain intact. The main
advantages of a good Malt Extract are that it is highly nutritious, readily
assimilated, and rich in that important factor, diastase, which converts
starchy food into maltose and other saccharine and easily digested
substances. It is consequently an effective aid to digestion, and can be
tolerated by the stomach when cod-liver oil alone would be out of the
question. Freedom from coarse and irritating elements makes it the
safest aliment in inflammatory conditions of disease ; it is an admirable
demulcent in irritable states of the throat, and in debilitated conditions
generally it is unrivalled as a food and digestive aid.
The Kepler Products can be obtained at all first-class
Pharmacies.
Burroughs, Wellcome & Co.,
/IRanufacturing Cbemiete,
SNOW HILL BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C.
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS : "BURCOME, LONDON."
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