Materica medica of India and their therapeutics

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MATERIA MEDICA OF INDIA

AND THEIR

THERAPEUTICS

By

RUSTOMJEE NASERWANJEE KHORY,

Honorary Physician, Sir J. J. Hospital and attached toBai Motlibai and Sir Dinsha Petit Hospi-
tals ; Member of the Royal College of Physicians, London; Fellow and Licentiate of Medicine
of the University of Bombay ; Doctor of Medichie ( Brux.); Late Syndic and Dean of the
Faculty of Medicine, University of Bombay ; Late President, Grant College Medical
Society ; Fellow of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London ;

Fellow of the Obstetric Society, London ; fustice of the Peace for the
City of Bombay ; Author of The Digest of Medicine, The
Principles and Practice of Medicine , The Bombay
Materia Medica and Their Therapeutics ; Ex-
aminer in Materia Medica and Therapeutics
and in Midwifery and Diseases of Women
and Children, University, Bombay;

AND

NANABHAI NAVROSJI KATRAK,

Licentiate of Medicine and Surgery ( Bombay ),, fustice of the Peace for the City of Bombay;
Late Chairman of the Standing Committee and Member of the Municipal
Corporation of Bombay; Late Secretary and Vice-President of
the Grant College Medical Society, Bombay -

BOMBAY :

PRINTED AT THE “ TIMES OF INDIA ” PRESS.

1903.

WELLCOME INSTITUTE
LIBRARY

Coll.

welMOmec

Call

No

To

The Right Honourable

LORD REAY, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., LL.D., &c.,

Late Governor of Bombay*

In grateful recognition of eminent services rendered
to the cause of education in general and medical education
in particular, and of many and beneficent medical reforms
introduced in the Bombay Presidency, and the sym-
pathetic solicitude evinced for raising the status and
position of the local medical profession,

This work has been, by permission, respectfully
dedicated.

PREFACE.

I

MATERIA MEDICA OF INDIA AND THEIR
THERAPEUTICS.

4

There are many excellent works on Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics, and any one who desires to gain a knowledge of medicinal
substances and their effects on the human constitution, has ample
materials at his disposal. The scope of these works is, however,
confined to drugs generally used only by civilized nations, and these,
really speaking, constitute the Materia Medica of Europe and Ame-
rica. So far as these drugs are concerned, the science of Materia
Medica and Therapeutics has been brought to a high state of perfec-
tion. But in India, with a population of 33 crores, drugs are
in use w’hich, though crude and often imperfectly prepared, have
for ages satisfied the wants of the people. Though the pioneers of
Medical Science have tried to confer the benefits of the more exact
Western Science on India during the last 50 years, they have not
succeeded in placing these benefits at the doors of more than a very
small percentage of its huge population. By far the greater number
of the people either do not like or cannot afford to avail themselves
of Western Materia Medica. The result is that these millions of
people are treated by indigenous practitioners who are called Vayids
or Hakims. Some of these have studied old works on Medicine
written in Sanscrit, Urdu, Arabic or Persian ; while others do not
know a word of Medicine or Medical Science ; all the same they
practice the healing art by resorting to remedies prescribed by, and
drugs handed down from, father to son. Thanks to the vis medica -
trix natarce , people in the majority of cases do not come to grief by
this haphazard mode of treatment. It must at the same time be
admitted that, by long experience and natural intelligence, some of
these indigenous practitioners have succeeded in securing a fair
amount of skill in treating their patients. They make use of drugs
which have been proved by ages of experience to really possess
marked therapeutic virtues.

It is with a view to supplying medical men wTith a knowledge of the
various drugs and remedies used in India that this work has been

VI

PREFACE.

taken in hand. The first attempt in this direction was made in 1887
by the publication of the ‘ Bombay Materia Medica and Therapeu-
tics. ’ The scope of that work was confined to the treatment of
Indian drugs only ; but from the support given to it, there is reason
to believe that the work supplied a long-felt want. This edition
being exhausted, a second one was suggested to meet the needed
demand. On reflection, however, it appeared that instead of publish-
ing a second edition on the lines of the first, it would be an advantage
to enlarge the scope of its utility by treating Materia Medica as a
whole, that is to say, by finding place for Indian drugs side by side
with those generally used by Western nations ; in fact by preparing
a comprehensive work on Materia Medica and Therapeutics. It is
expected that such a work will be serviceable to both medical
students and general practitioners. They will be doubly benefited.
Firstly, they will possess a regular work on Materia Medica treating
of drugs which they have to use in every day practice. Secondly,
they will be enabled to judge of the comparative merits of the Indian
and European drugs and to assign to each its true medicinal value.
Moreover, the work will encourage practitioners to carefully study
and note the effects of these indigenous drugs, so that in time
India may have a complete Materia Medica of her own. It may be
mentioned here that the first part of this new work, namely, that
creating of Materia Medica of Europe and America, is compiled after
a very careful and close study of the many excellent works published
in Europe and America on that subject. Every attempt has been
made to bring the work to an up-to-date standard by incorporating
into it, as far as possible, the suggestions of the British Pharma-
copoeia of 1898. Many important unofficial preparations which have
long fallen into disuse or are omitted from the new Pharmacopoeia, but
equivalents of which are still used by natives or qualified practi-
tioners, have been retained. In the description of an important drug,
its physical properties and chemical constituents are first given,
followed by a short account of its preparations and its physiological
effects, its principal and characteristic properties being first enume-
rated. These are followed by the action resulting from an ordinary
or medicinal dose, that produced by small and repeated doses, and
such as results from a large or poisonous dose. A brief account of
its antidotes and incompatibles and antagonists is separately given.
Lastly, an attempt has been made to describe its therapeutic uses at
some length.

PREFACE. J.' A vii

L..

After a careful consideration of the various systems of grouping
the drugs adopted by different authors, it has been decided to
adopt a mixed plan in this work, viz. , to arrange groups of drugs
according to their chemical , zoological , and botanical orders, and to
describe the individual members of the groups alphabetically.

The groups of drugs belonging to the Vegetable Kingdom are
arranged on the natural system, adhering as far as possible to the
system adopted by eminent English botanists.

The drugs of the organic compounds are treated in a separate group.
A large amount of labour has been expended in collecting information
about these drugs. As a large number of them is still on their trial,
no attempt has been made to omit many of them. Time alone will
show how many will ultimately find a recognised place in works on
Materia Medica. In connection with the above it may be mentioned
that certain recently introduced remedies, prepared from various
organs of animals, such as thyroid gland, bone-marrow, brain, &c.,
as well as some of the recently introduced sero-therapeutical
remedies, have also been incorporated in this work. Coming to the
Vegetable Kingdom, the names of allied plants are given along with
the names of the principal plants described. Indian drugs are given
side by side with similar drugs used in the Western practice. In
treating of these drugs their chemical constituents have been given
with a view to show the principal ones on which the properties of
the various drugs depend — a feature which was absent from the
‘ Bombay Materia Medica.’

With regard to the preparations, it is necessary to remark that
they are generally named after certain useful and chief drugs.
In addition to these several names are given by natives which
are significant of their principal properties. In describing these
preparations, care has been taken to give the strength of the
principal ingredients, and in the case of some useful preparations,
the names of the different drugs of which they are made. As far as
possible, pains have been taken to give the doses after consulting
various standard works and the British Pharmacopoeia, but in the
case of Indian drugs the task has been beset with considerable
difficulty. Most of the works on Indian Materia Medica generally
omit to mention the doses. Hence in several cases Vayids and
Hakims had to be actually consulted, and the doses fixed after much
consideration. With regard to the description of drugs and their
characters, the plan adopted in the ‘ Bombay Materia Medica ’ has been
adhered to as far as possible, viz ., of writing the description from
personal examination of the drugs. In other cases the description
has been given after consulting standard works. With regard to

Vlll

PREFACE.

the actions and uses of the drugs used by the natives, it may be
mentioned that the literature is vast, but scattered, and one of the
aims of the present work is to collect the scattered information. It
may, however, be mentioned that in many cases attempts have also
been made to obtain information on this head direct from native practi-
tioners and to incorporate results of personal experience extending
over 35 years in using those drugs, in verification of the results of
the experience of other observers. In the ‘ Bombay Materia Medica’
an attempt was made in the chapter on Mineral Kingdom to give
chemical synonyms to the various medicinal articles used by the
natives. On subsequent inquiry, however, it was found that all the
specimens of a particular drug were not of a fixed but of a varied
chemical composition, probably due to the cumbrous and inefficient
mode of their preparation. It has, therefore, been decided to keep
the vernacular terms as far as possible, giving the chemical synonyms
where there was no possibility of any confusion. In the chapter on
Animal Kingdom, substances not used in Western Medicine, but
highly extolled by native practitioners, have been embodied in the
work. In the Appendix will be found, under the heading of Thera-
peutic Index, an alphabetically arranged list of drugs used in the
treatment of various diseases, and a few selected and standard
formulae, as also a list arranged according to their therapeutic effects.
Again, a table containing the principal poisons and their antidotes will
be found in the Appendix, These, it is hoped, will prove very useful
to students as well as to busy practitioners for ready reference.

There are various well-known preparations used by the natives
bearing distinct significant or suggestive names. These alone are
given in this work ; but the large number of prescriptions given in
the ‘ Bombay Materia Medica 5 has been omitted, as it is presumed
practitioners will be able to make out their own prescriptions from
their own experience, and from the description of the effects of drugs
given in the book.

As this work is edited with a view to stimulate research into indi-
genous Indian drugs, it is to be hoped that it will afford sufficient
materials for the purpose.

In conclusion, the authors cannot allow this opportunity to pass
without recording their sense of gratitude to the numerous authors
on whose valuable works they have drawn so largely, as well as to
those who have assisted them by readily supplying them with impor-
tant information gained in professional practice.

INTRODUCTION.

Pharmacology.

It is the science which treats of medicinal substances as a whole,
describing their physical and physiological properties and their uses
in the alleviation and cure of diseases.

Pharmacy.

It is the art of preparing medicinal substances in such forms as
to fit them for use by pharmacologists as well as for the use of
physicians in the treatment of diseases.

Drugs.

It is a popular term for all medicinal substances whether derived
from the animal, mineral or vegetable kingdom, or synthetically
prepared from organic carbon compounds.

Materia Medica.

It is the science which treats of the properties of medicinal sub-
stances, such as the sources from which they are obtained, their physi-
cal characters, chemical composition, mode of preparations, and
physiological action.

This term has also been used in a more comprehensive sense, as
including almost the whole of pharmacy as also the tests for purity
or otherwise of drugs, toxicology, nosology, &c.

Therapeutics.

It is the science and art which treats of intelligent application
of remedial measures, including medicinal substances, in the treat-
ment of disease.

Pharmacopoeia.

It is a term used to represent a number of important drugs which
have been accepted by certain recognised authorities. “ The British
Pharmacopoeia” is a standard work which has received the sanction of*

2

INTRODUCTION.

the British Government, and has been published under the direction
of the General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the
United Kingdom. It includes the nomenclature of drugs, and treats of
their sources, preparations, characters, tests and dosage. A revised
list is published from time to time every ten years.

Toxicology.

It is the science which treats of the effects of drugs on the human
system when taken in poisonous doses, as opposed to the ordinary
physiological action when given in medicinal doses. It also treats of
the detection of poisons.

Antidotes.

These are drugs or medicinal agents used to counteract the
effects of drugs when taken in toxic doses, or of poisons.

AVENUES OR ROUTES FOR THE ADMINIS-
TRATION OF DRUGS.

There are various avenues or channels through which medicinal
substances may be introduced into the circulation. These are the
skin or integument, the subcutaneous cellular tissue, parenchy-
matous structure, arteries and veins, the respiratory tract, the
alimentary canal — as the mouth, stomach and rectum ; the eyes,
ears, and the genitals.

The Skin. — By this channel medicines are administered in different
ways.

(a) The Endermic Method. — Blister the epidermis or cuticle with

blistering fluid or by applying a piece of lint soaked in
strong solution of ammonia and covering it with oiled silk
or other impermeable material to prevent evaporation (a
much quicker process) ; then dust or apply the medicine
on the denuded surface.

( b ) The Enepidermic Method. — Place medicines in simple contact

with the epidermis, the drug passing into the system by a
process of osmosis. To hasten its effects, apply hot moist
poultices over the part.

( c ) The Epidermic Method , otherwise known as Inunction. — Oils

and fats or medicines dissolved in them are rubbed on the
skin to produce constitutional effects.

{d) Inoculation. — By this method medicines are introduced into
the blood through the scraped or punctured skin.

The Subcutaneous Cellular Tissue.—

Hypodermic InjectioxNS. — These are solutions used for intro-
ducing active medicines in small quantities into the organism through
the skin and the subcutaneous areolar tissue.

By this method the drug is very quickly absorbed by the lymphatics
and capillary vessels, and the vomiting, which is often caused

4 AVENUES OR ROUTES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS.

by internal administration of a drug, interfering with its therapeu-
tic value, is avoided. In cases in which the drug is either rendered
inert or impaired in activity in the alimentary canal, this is the
only efficient mode of administration. The drug to be so used is
prepared for use either as solution or compressed tabloids. The
solution should be fresh and of a neutral reaction, and to avoid decom-
position, acetanilid or carbolic acid in minute proportions is some-
times added. Compressed tabloids are very convenient and handy
for use. The solution should be injected under the skin and not
into it, care being taken not to puncture a vein. The outer side
of the arms, thighs, calves of the legs, abdomen and back are
considered the most convenient situations for these injections. The
practice of pinching up a fold of skin for injection is entirely to be
avoided, as this method often leads to bruises, ecchymosis or papules.

Parenchymatous Injections. — Medicines are injected deeply
into the tissues — a muscle or a nerve trunk — or into a deep-seated
inflammation.

Arteries and Veins. — -Arterial and intravenous transfusions.
These are resorted to in cases of emergency, or when life is in
immediate and extreme danger.

Intravenous Injections. — Blood, milk and various saline solutions
are introduced into the veins, in cases of extreme collapse due to
cholera, haemorrhage, diabetes, uraemia, epilepsy, &c. Also solution
of ammonia for snake bites, and in cases of narcotic poisoning, opium,
hydrocyanic acid, chloroform, &c.

Arterial Transfusion is used for similar purposes and for aneu-
risms. Great care, however, is required to see that no air goes
into the circulation, an accident which would prove immediately fatal.

The Respiratory Tract. — Owing to its extensive blood supply
the whole of the respiratory tract acts as an efficient channel for
introduction of medicines into the system, which are administered
in the form of ( a ) inhalation of vapours or atomized fluids, ( b ) insuffla-
tion of powders through the nose and throat, or ( c ) douche through
the nose.

The Mouth.— The mucous membrane of the mouth is capable of
absorbing medicines or active drugs. In small doses they can be,
and are, sometimes introduced into the system through this channel.
Various alkaloids may thus be administered. It is, however,
the beginning of the alimentary tract, viz. , the mouth, which is mostly

AVENUES OR ROUTES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS. 5

used, and most drugs taken into it are intended for the stomach and
intestines.

The Stomach and the Intestines. — These are the organs most
frequently employed for the administration of medicinal drugs which,
passing through the walls of the gastro-intestinal blood vessels and
the lacteals, enter the blood, and are thus admitted into the general
circulation. Crystalloids in solution more readily pass through the
walls of the gastro-intestinal blood vessels than colloidal substances as
albumen, fat, gum, gelatin, &c., which require to be emulsified or pre-
digested before being absorbed. Certain medicines as acids, alcohol,
bismuth, iodine, iodides, metallic salts, tannin, &c., are given on an
empty stomach, for, if given during digestion, the alimentary secre-
tions and the starch of the food chemically act upon them and thus
weaken their action. Other drugs as potassium permanganate,
arsenic, irritant and other dangerous poisons and drugs, are generally
given directly after food ; others again as silver salts should be given
three or four hours after food, as otherwise they would undergo chemi-
cal changes. Cod liver oil, malt extract, phosphates, &c., should
be given with food, or directly after food, so that they may enter the
blood with the products of digestion. As a general rule, food and
medicines are introduced into the stomach directly through the
mouth, but in cases of narcotic poisoning, or inability of the patient
to swallow from any cause, it is done by means of the stomach
pump, and in cases of cancer of the tongue, or of obstructions, stric-
ture, or cancer of the oesophagus, through an opening into the
abdominal wall. In tonsillitis and in affections of the mouth, tongue
or palate, nasal-feeding becomes necessary.

The Rectum.-- -Dusting powders, paints, ointments, suppositories,
&c., are employed for medication by the rectum. These are rapidly
and directly absorbed into the blood. Rectal enemata of food or of
medicines are used in severe constipation or in cases where the
stomach is unable to retain food or medicine.

Eyes and Ears. — Solutions of medicines of various strengths are
dropped into the eyes and ears, or powders are used as insufflation.
Also injections for the ear and washes for the eyes are used locally.

GenitO-Urinary Organs. — In the case of the urethra, injections
and bougies are very common medicaments ; very often the bladder
is washed with solutions of various agents. In women the vagina is
very often injected or washed with solutions or dusted with antiseptic
and other powders ; pessaries are resorted to and ointments applied
when necessary to the os, cervix, and even to the uterus.

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR
PREPARATION OF DRUGS.

Various processes are employed in pharmacy to render a drug fit
for medicinal use. The following are some of the principal processes
used in pharmacy.

INORGANIC MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES.

Before proceeding with the consideration of the numerous inorganic
substances used in medicine, it is necessary to give here a description,
with full details, of the processes by which native vayids and hakims
prepare mineral substances for medicinal use. No doubt this process
is crude, clumsy and inefficient, but natives attach considerable
importance to the details of the process which they name “ the process
of purification. ”

Purification. — Shiidhkarviin (Guz.) — shndh “pure” and karuiin “to
make.” It means, to make metals pure or to purify them, to get rid of
their impurities or deleterious properties.

The purification of a metal or of a metallic compound is effected by
subjecting it repeatedly to a red or white heat in a furnace. A native
furnace is generally a kind of pit made in Ihe ground and called
“ Gajd pitta. .” This part of the process is called “ Marvu ” (Guz.),
which literally means to kill or destroy, i.c. , to destroy the metallic
character of the substance. Probably oxidation is the result. The
heated product is next plunged into oil, whey, sour or stale rice
gruel, cow’s urine or the juice of plantain tree, or into a decoction of
Dalichos uniflorus. The inorganic substances so treated are very
often mixed with alkaline ashes, sulphur, or with sulphide of arsenic,
and then once again rapidly heated to a red heat, when they are fit
for use medicinally. Some metals, as gold and silver, are mixed
with other metals to purify them.

InCinttBiion^Bhasiiuikariia^bhasiua “ ashes ” and kavna “ to
reduce to.”

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS. 7

In this process the substance is raised to a white heat, and the
resulting mass is then reduced to a fine powder when cooled.

Another method. The crude metal in coarse powder is wrapped
up in jambul (. Eugenia jambulana ) leaves or in the leaves of bhui-
ringni (Solatium xanthocarpum) , then folded in pieces of rag, and the
whole is covered with a layer of red clay, about an inch in thickness.
It is then surrounded by a number of dry cow-dung cakes, “ Chhana ,”
which are ignited and kept burning till the outer layer of the clay
assumes a brick-red appearance. When cool, the coverings arc
removed and the mass reduced to powder.

Carbonization or Calcination. — It is a process whereby an
organic substance is charred or reduced very nearly to a state of
carbon. This is effected by heating it in a closed vessel to drive
away the volatile constituents like oxygen, hydrogen, water, &c.

Clarification. — This process consists in the removal from a turbid
fluid of solid particles to which the turbidity of that fluid is due.
This is effected by fermentation, heating, addition of other sub-
stances, or by allowing the fluid to stand long at rest.

Colation or Straining. — In this process, coarse, solid particles are
intercepted by means of cloth made of cotton, flannel, muslin or gauze,
woollen felt, &c.

Comminution. — By this process a solid body is reduced to coarse
pieces or granules.

Crystallization. — Solid bodies are divided into two groups — (1)
those which are capable of forming crystals, (2) and those which
cannot be crystallized. The process of crystallization consists in
obtaining the former in a crystalline form from a solution, either by
evaporation, cooling, or precipitation, or by fusion or by sublimation.
The size of the crystals varies according as the process is carried on
slowly or rapidly. The slower the process, the larger the crystals.

Decolouration. — It is a process of removing colouring matter from
medicinal substances. The substance mostly employed is animal
charcoal. Substances to be decolourized should either be fluids or in
solution if solids.

Desiccation or Drying. — It is a process by which a solid is
deprived of its moisture. It is effected either by exposing a substance
to the sun or warm weather, or by placing it in a heated chamber.
To remove chemically combined water, it is necessary to raise the
substance to a very high temperature or to act chemically.

8 PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF t>RUGS.

Dialysis.— Substances are divided into crystalloids and colloids.
The former possess the property of passing through a diaphragm
resting upon water, while the latter remain on the upper surface.
The process by which these are separated is called dialysis, and is
applied usefully in separating from a vegetable drug, active and
crystallizable constituents from the colloids, which are comparatively
inert substances.

Distillation. — This process consists in the evaporation of a volatile
substance or substances by the application of heat and subsequent
condensation of the vapour into a liquid form by cold. It is usefully
applied for separating volatile substances from fixed constituents, as
also for mixing volatile substances which otherwise could not be
mixed.

Destructive or Dry Distillation.— It is a process by which wood
or other similar organic substances are decomposed by heat when the
volatile products are evaporated and collected, and the residue left
is carbon.

Expression. — It is a process by which juices and fixed oils are
pressed or rather crushed out of vegetable substances such as roots,
leaves, seeds, fruits, &c.

Filtration. — It consists of the removal of solid particles from a fluid
to such an extent that the fluid becomes transparent. This is done
by filters, the medium used being charcoal, sand paper, &c.

Fusion.— By this process solids are liquefied by the aid of heat,
eg ., ointments, plasters, resins, &c.

Granulation. — By this process many salts are converted from their
coarsely crystalline form into a granular state. To effect this, first
dissolve the salts in water, evaporate the solution, and keep up
constant stirring until it becomes dry, e.g., potassium citrate and
carbonate.

Maceration. — This process consists in extracting active principles
from vegetable substances in coarse powder or slices, by dissolving
them by alcohol or other suitable liquids in which they require to
be kept for some days and occasionally shaken. The liquid is then
separated and the residue expressed, and both the fluids are then
mixed, eg ., tinctures and the extraction of alkaloids.

Percolation or Displacement. — It is a process in which alcohol
or other suitable liquid is poured over and made to pass through a
drug in coarse powder with the object of dissolving out and carrying

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OP DRUGS. 9

along with it active substances contained in that drug. The fluid
thus collected is called a percolate. The liquid used as a solvent is
called the menstruum.

Precipitation — Consists of the separation of a solid from a liquid
in which it is dissolved. This is generally effected by chemical
reaction, but sometimes advantage is taken of the different degrees of
solubility of that substance in particular liquids. Hence a solid dis-
solved in alcohol can be precipitated if water is added, if it is
insoluble in the latter, as in the case of resins. Sometimes heat or
light produces precipitation, as in albumen, silver salts, &c.

Sublimation. — By this process volatile solid substances such as
sulphur, mercury, and arsenic, are heated and the vapour collected
and condensed with a view to purify them.

Among the natives an apparatus is used called “ Urddha patana
yantra .” It consists of an earthen dish in which the volatile solid
is placed. This is covered over with another earthen hollow basin
and their edges hermetically sealed with clay. To the lower dish
heat is applied, while the upper one is kept cool by means of wet rags.

Roasting. — In this process an organic substance is subjected to
heat short of carbonization, whereby some important constituents are
modified or expelled, e.g.} coffee, rhubarb, &c.

Elutriation.' — By this process the coarser particles of a material
are separated from the finer ones, by means of water, by allowing the
former to settle down at the bottom and decanting the fluid contain-
ing the finer particles.

Trituration. — By this process a solid by continuous rubbing in
a mortar with an inert and gritty substance is reduced to a very fine
powder. Sugar of milk is used for this purpose.

Levigation. — It is another process of trituration in which the
substance rubbed is in the form of a paste made with water or some
other liquid and the rubbing is carried on on a slate.

Evaporation. — It is a process by which the bulk of a liquid is
reduced by driving it off in the form of vapour by the application of
heat.

CONSTITUENTS OF ORGANIC DRUGS.

These drugs are divided into two groups — the animal and the vege-
table. They contain organic compounds or organic proximate
principles, and inorganic substances as water, salts, gases, & c.

10 PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS.

The Proximate Principles. — Are made up of elementary consti-
tuents, chiefly of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon and sulphur.
Among these, carbon occupies the most conspicuous place. In the
case of vegetable drugs, the organic proximate compounds are divid-
ed into soluble and insoluble groups.

The Insoluble Group — Consists of drugs which cannot be dissolved
by ordinary solvents. They are made up of cell walls as cellulin,
lignin, sclerogep, &c. Some of them are rendered soluble by
special treatment : thus cellulin or cotton soaked in sulphuric acid
or alkali is converted into a soluble product — gun cotton or pyroxy-
lin. This pyroxylin when dissolved in ether forms soluble collodion.
Lignin by a process of destructive distillation forms solid, liquid and
gaseous products, as acetic acid, alcohol, creosote, phenol, tar, &c.
Lignin and cellulin, if kept for a very long time, undergo natural
decomposition and are changed into amber, coal tar and other
products.

The Soluble Group. — The drugs in this group form a solution with
ordinary solvents and include many valuable medicinal and dietetic
substances. They include many organic principles of both the animal
and vegetable groups, and contain albuminoid or protean bodies,
vegetable alkaloids, camphors, carbo-hydrates, colouring matters,
ferments, fats, glucosides, gums, neutral principles, organic acids,
resins, waxes and also other principles as phenols, ketones, &c.

Albuminoids or Protean Bodies. — These are nitrogenous bodies
and are of animal or vegetable origin. Both of them have the same
chemical composition and contain oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon
and sulphur, but differ in their physical properties.

There are three principal types of albumens which are all soluble
in water ; they coagulate by heat : —

1. Plant of Vegetable Albumen. — It is found in all vegetable

juices, but principally in the seeds. The principal derivatives
of this type are legumin and gluten.

2. Serum Albumen is found in the blood serum ; the principal

derivatives are fibrin casein, globulin, &c.

3. Egg Albumen.—

Their derivatives are mostly insoluble in water. Under
the influence of gastric juice they are converted into
soluble compounds called peptones which are easily ab-
sorbed, pass into the blood as scrum albumens and arc
ultimately used up in building animal tissues.

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS. I I

The human organism requires albuminoids to supply every day’s
material waste and for repair and building up of tissues as much as,
or perhaps more than, fat, carbo-hydrates, &c. Hence all substances
containing albuminoids form the principal staple articles of food.
An insufficient supply of such articles in the dietary of an individual
produces emaciation, anaemia, prostration, and generally a low state
of vitality rendering the individual prone to various diseases. On
the other hand, an excess of such articles in the diet sometimes
produces plethora and over-production of tissues if absorbed, and
leads to congestion of internal organs, but more frequently it upsets
digestion, and by increasing the waste materials in the system, pro-
duces uric acid and other diathesis.

Alkaloids. — They are also known as vegetable or organic alkalies.
These are basic substances found in plants in combination with
organic acids. They are chemical derivatives of ammonia in which
one or more atoms of hydrogen are replaced by various radicles and
when heated give off ammonia. These are divided into —

(a) Natural alkaloids or those which exist as such in nature,
e.g. , morphine and caffeine.

(< b ) Artificial alkaloids or those prepared from natural alka-
loids, e.g., apomorphine.

Synthetical Alkaloids. — These are alkaloids which occur in
nature and which are also synthetically prepared.

Characters. — Alkaloids exist as solids or colourless syrupy liquids,
or oily volatile fluids, without any odour and of a bitter taste and
alkaline reaction ; insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol ; combine
with acids to form soluble crystalline salts. They are decomposed
by alkalies and alkaline carbonates. They are precipitated by iodine,
chlorine, by picric, tannic and phosphoric acids.

Solid Alkaloids. — These contain oxygen in addition to other
elements, eg. , atropine, caffeine, morphine, quinine, strychnine, &c.
The volatile alkaloids are conine, nicotine, piperidine, sparteine,
trimethylamine, &c. In these oxygen is generally absent.

Syrupy liquid alkaloids include lobeline, lupuline, muscarine, pelle-
tierine, pilocarpine, &c.

Stearoptene Camphors. — The term camphor is erroneously applied
to stearoptene. True camphors arc secondary alcohols. Stearoptene
camphors are volatile aromatic proximate principles which exist in
plants. They arc composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They

12 PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS.

are a product of oxidation of terpenes with which they are generally
associated. Stearoptenes also exist in volatile oils.

Characters . — It is met with in a crystalline form or as an opaque or
translucent waxy mass with penetrating odour and pungent taste.
It floats on water in which it is sparingly soluble. It is freely soluble
in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether and oils. The crystalline form
is incorrectly known as camphor. Stearoptenes prepared from various
essential oils include menthol (mint camphor), borneol (Borneo cam-
phor), eucalyptol, thymol, &c.

Carbo-Hydrates-— Hydrates of Carbon. — These are non-nitro-

genous elementary principles in which the constituent elements exist
in multiples. They are found in various plants and animals and are
used extensively for dietetic purposes. They also possess therapeutic
value and are used as demulcents, soothing lubricants, &c. They
exist in various forms as amyloids, sugars, gums and pectin.

Amyloid Bodies. — These are substances with, or without cellular
structure and include cellulose, starch, dextrin, inulin, &c.

Cellulose. — It is the basis of all vegetable fibre and is isomeric with
starch — exists in cotton and Swedish filter paper.

Starch. — Amylum, a fecula found in the seed of Indian corn, wheat,
barley, oats, arrowroot, sago, tapioca, rice (90 per cent.), Iceland
moss, &c.

Characters. — Irregular angular masses or grains, white in colour,
no odour, no taste, neutral reaction, easily reduced to powder, in-
soluble in cold water, alcohol and ether. With boiling water it forms
a mucilage which gelatinizes on cooling. It is converted into grape
sugar (or glucose) by the action of diastase, ptyalin and pancreatine,
also by boiling it with a dilute mineral acid. With hot nitric acid it
is converted into oxalic acid, and with cold fuming nitric acid it forms
an explosive compound. The addition of a ferment converts it into
alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Dextrin. — is formed by boiling starch with dilute mineral acids. It
is an intermediate product in the conversion of starch into glucose.
It is a transparent solid, soluble in water and dilute alcohol.

Inulin. — A principle resembling starch found in inula helenium,
arnica, taraxacum and other plants. It has the same chemical com-
position as starch.

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS. 1 3

Sugars or Saccharine Substances. — They exist in both the
animal and vegetable kingdoms. They are met with in different
forms as —

1. Cane Sugar — Obtained from sugarcane, sorghum, beet root,

also from maize and other grasses.

2. Saccharum Lactis, Sugar of Milk or Lactose. — It is a

constituent of human milk, a peculiar crystalline sugar
soluble in water and obtained from the whey of cow’s
milk.

3. Glucose or Dextrose, Liver Sugar, Diabetic Sugar, also

called Starch Sugar or Grape Sugar. — It is obtained from
grapes or is artificially produced from cane sugar or from
starch by boiling it with water and sulphuric acid. It is also
formed from glucosides when decomposed by the action of
diastase, a vegetable ferment found during the germination
of grains. It occurs in yellowish-white masses, inodorous,
of a sweet taste, soluble in water, sparingly so in alcohol.

4. Levulose. — Fruit sugar known in commerce as diabetin. It

accompanies grape sugar in fruits, honey, &c., sometimes
in plants. It can be produced from inulin by dilute acids.
It is a colourless uncrystallizable syrup, of a sweet taste,
soluble in water. With nascent hydrogen it forms mannit,
and with nitric acid it is oxidized into succinic, acetic and
oxalic acids.

5. Inosit or Phaseo Mannit. — It is a kind of sugar found in

juices of some meats, green fruits (Leguminosce), asparagus,
&c. It is very sweet, and is found in crystals. It does not
ferment.

Molasses (Syrupus fuscus ), Theriaca or Treacle. — It is an un-
crystallizable residue obtained during the process of refining sugar.

Characters. — Black, roapy, fermentable, of a peculiar odour and
empyreumatic taste. Rum is obtained by distillation or fermentation
of molasses, by evaporation. Crystallized treacle occurs as a gritty
white powder without any odour, of a faint sweet taste, neutral
reaction, soluble in cold water (1 in 6), boiling water (1 in 1), insoluble
in alcohol, ether or chloroform. In the presence of albuminous
matter, it undergoes lactic fermentation and forms lactic acid, carbon
dioxide and alcohol.

I/| PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS.

Colouring Matters.— A group of bodies having different pro-
perties found chiefly in plants, sometimes in animals.

In plants as Carthamin— in safflower.

Chlorophyll — in all green parts of plants,

Curcumin — in turmeric.

Haematoxylin — in log wood.

In insects as Carmine— in the cochineal insect.

Ferments.— -These are certain proximate principles which exist in
both the animal and vegetable kingdoms ; certain preparations of
them are generally combined with other organic compounds. As
therapeutic agents they are very useful in effecting peculiar changes
in organic substances. True ferments have not yet been isolated-
They are as follows

Bromelin contained in the juice of pineapple.

Diastase formed during the germination of seeds.

Emulsin occur in almonds.

Myrosin found in mustard seeds.

Pancreatin obtained from the pancreas.

Papayotin — papain contained in the juice of carica
papaya.

Pepsin contained in the gastric juice.

Ptyalin — a ferment of animal saliva.

Vegetable Fat or Butter. — It is the concrete oil found in certain
vegetables and resembles the butter obtained from the fat and milk

of animals.

(Palm

Theobroma cocao.
Cinnamomum verum or Zeyla-
nicum.

Myristica moschata.

Cocos nucifera.

Elaeis Guiniensis.

Pentadesma butyracea.

Kawan — solid oil of Java —

Species).

Butter of cocoa.

Butter of cinnamon — cinnamon
wax.

Butter of nutmeg.

Butter of cocoanut.

Butter of palm oil.

Butter of tallow tree.

Galam butter.

(Bassia

Bassia butyracea
Bassia longifolia.

Stilingia sebifera.

Vateria indica.

Rhus succedaneum.

Amygdala communis.

Garcinia purpurea,

Species).

Phulwara, choorie.

Illupu oil.

Chinese butter.

1‘iney butter, Doopada solid oil,
Japan wax.

Almond butter.

Kokum butter,

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS. 1 5

Garcinia pictoria.
Sterculia foetida.

Laurus nabilis.

Dolichos soja.

Myristica sebifera.
Damarara (butter tree).
Salvadora persica.
Vernonia Anthelmintica.
Hydnocarpus inebrians.
Terminalia bellerica.

Gamboge butter.
Tam-ghoorhy-yennai,
Butter of laurel.
Japan butter.

Solid oil.

Solid oil.

Solid oil.

Solid oil.

Solid oil.

Solid oil.

Glucosides. — These are active organic principles which exist in
plants. They are neutral in character. By boiling with dilute
acids or alkalies or by the action of ferments they are converted
into glucose, chiefly dextrose, mannit, aldehydes, alcohols, phenols,
&c.

Characters. — They are soluble in alcohol. All of them contain
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. A few of them in addition contain
nitrogen. They are the most active of the principles found in the
plants. They seldom exist alone and are generally associated
with other active organic bodies, chiefly alkaloids, resins, oils, &c.

Examples. —

Adonidinum

Arbutinum

Cathartic acid

Colocynthinum ...
Convallamarinum. .

Digitalin from

Digitoxin from

Digitonin from

Glycyrrhizinum —
Ipecacuanhic acid..

Jalapinum

Salicinum or

Saponinum ......or

Strophanthinum or
Tannin with

Adonidin from Adonis vernalis.

Arbutin from Berberry leaves.

....from Senna leaves.

Colocynthin from Colocynth.

Convallamarin ...from Convallaria majalis.
Digitalis purpurea.

Glycyrrhizin from Liquorice root.

from Ipecacuanha.

Jalapin or orizabin..from Jalap or scammony.

Salicin from Willow bark.

Saponin from Soap bark.

Strophanthin from Strophanthus.

Caffetannic acid, Chino tannic acid and

Querci tannic acid.

Gums. — These are semi-transparent, mucilaginous, amorphous
vegetable substances found in plants. They contain (a) arabin, soluble
constituent, as in gum arabic, ( b ) basorin, an insoluble constituent,

l6 PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS.

and which swells up, as in gum tragacanth, and (c) pectin, as
in white oak. Gums form sticky preparations with water called
mucilages and are precipitated by alcohol. When treated with nitric
acid they yield mucic acid.

(Indian Gums.)

Acacia arabica.
Anogeissus latifolia.
Acacia catechu.

Feronia elephantum.
Swietenia mahogoni.
Pithecolobium dulce.
Melia Azadirachta.
Prosopis spicigera.
Anacardium occidentale.
Odina Wodier.

Bauhinia variegata.

Poinciana regia.
Cedrela Toona.
Albizzia lebbek.
Acacia farnesiana.
Albizzia procera.
Mangifera Indica.
Aleuritis moluccana.
Albizzia odoratissima.
Albizzia stipulata.
Bauhinia purpurea.

Neutral Principles, also known as Amaroids or Bitter Prin-
ciples.— They exist in plants, are of various compositions and proper-
ties and have a bitter taste and neutral reaction. They do not form
salts with alkalies.

Examples . —

Aloin.

Anemonin.

Cantharidin.

Chrysarobin.

Cotoin.

Elaterin.

Picrotoxin.

Piperin.

Santonin.

Quassin.

Organic Acids, otherwise known as Carbon Acids. — These
exist both in plants and animals, forming salts with alkalies and
alkaloid bases. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Examples . —

Acetic acid.
Agaricic acid.
Angelic acid.
Benzoic acid.
Buyric acid.
Camphoric acid.
Cerotic acid.
Citric acid.
Formic acid.
Gallic acid.

Lactic acid.
Malic acid.
Meconic acid.
Oleic acid.
Oxalic acid.
Stearic acid.
Succinic acid.
Tannic acid.
Tartaric acid.

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS. 1 7

Resins. — These are proximate principles met with in some plants.
They are amorphous, non-crystallizable solids with a peculiar fracture ;
insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene,
&c. They are comricx bodies, acid in character, combining with
alkalies to form soaps which are soluble in water. They are related
to terpenes, by the oxidisatio.i of which they are formed. Substances
known as resins are divided into true resins, gum resins and oleo
resins.

True Resins. — These are obtained by incisions made in the stems
of certain trees or shrubs. Some contain benzoic or cinnamic
acid.

True Resins . —

Amber.

Canarium bengalense.
Copal.

Dammar orientalis.
Dragon’s blood.
Dyospyros glutinosa.
Guaiacum.

Lac — gum lac.
Mastich.

Pistachio lentiscus.
Sandarach.

Shorea robusta.
Vateria acuminata.
Vateria indica.

Gum Resins — Emulsive Gum Resins. — These are emulsive or milky
exudations or natural mixtures of gum and resin. They may exist
with or without volatile oil. When triturated in water the gummy
matter is dissolved, leaving the resin suspended in the form of an
emulsion.

Those with volatile oils are ammoniacum, asafoetida, frankincense,
galbanum, tragacanth, myrrh, gardenia lucida. Those without vola-
tile oil are gamboge, elastica, morella pictoria, scammony, oliba-
num, sagapapenum, sarcocolla, opoponax, &c.

Official, Pharmacy or Pharmaceutical Resins. — These are
obtained from plants by precipitating the resinous principles. The
alcoholic extract of such plants besides containing gum resins, contain
all those principles which are soluble in alcohol. When water is added
the resin and all those principles which are insoluble in water are
precipitated.

Characters . — These are solid acid preparations found in transparent
amber-coloured masses, hard, brittle and sticky to the touch, of faintly
terebinthenate odour and taste, soluble in alcohol, benzene, chloro-
form, and ether. With alkalies they form resin soaps, become liquid
when heated and gain solidity on cooling.

IS PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS.

Some of them contain benzoic and cinnamic acids.

Examples

Resina jalapae.

Resina podophylli.

Sumbul.

Resina Scammonii.

Elaterium — without benzoic acid.

Colophonium—without benzoic acid.

Draconis— with benzoic acid.

Copaiba

Resina.

Preparations of Resins. — Ceratum Resinae— -Basilicon ointment — con-
tains resin, 53, yellow wax 15 and lard 50. Turpentine liniment con-
tains 65 per cent, of resin. Emplastrum Resinae — adhesive plaster —
contains resin 14, lead plaster 80, yellow wax 6. Arnica, belladonna,
and capsicum plasters. Cantharides cerate.

Oleoresinse— -Oleoresins. — These are liquid preparations or mix-
tures of natural volatile oils and resins. They contain oxygen with
benzoic and cinnamic acids. They are extracted from vegetable
substances by percolation with ether. The oil evaporates and the
residue left is oleoresin.

Aspidii

Capsici

Cubebae

1 in 10
1 in 20
1 in 6

Lupulini ..
Peperis ..
Zingiberis

1 in 2
1 in 20
1 in 15

Balsams are oleoresins and contain
namic acids, e.g.—

Balsam of Fir or Balm of
Gelead.

Burgundy pitch.

Chloroxylon Swietenia.
Dipterocarpus alatus.

turbinatus.

Dryobalanops camphora.
Hardwickia pinnata.

Liquidambar altingia.

oxygen without benzoic or cin-

Liquidambar orientalis.
Melaleuca minor.

Mesua ferrea.

Odina Wodier.

Pix liquida.

Rhus succidanea.

Semicarpus Anacardium.

Storax.

Turpentine from Pinuspatustris.

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS. IQ

Fragrant Gum Resins. — These contain liquid balsam, a semi-
liquid or solid vegetable product composed of resin or oleoresin,
odorous principle and benzoic and cinnamic acids, or either, e.g. —

Balsam Peru.

Boswellia thurifera (Gunda

Tolu.

beroza).

Balsa modendron Mukul(Gugal)

Calamus Draco.

Myrrha.

Dracaena Draco.

Roxburghii.

Mangifera indica.

pubescens.

Nagdavna.

Benzoin.

Olibanum.

Boswellia glabra.

Pterocarpus Draco.

serrata.

Styrax Benzoin (Loban. )

Terminalia angustifolia.

Wax allied to Fat.— It

is

a compound body obtained from

certain fruits as well as from

certain insects. It differs from fat

inasmuch as the latter, in addition to fatty acids, contains glyceryl.

Examples. —

From Myrica cerifera species

• • •

Myrtle wax.

,, Sugarcane

• • •

Sugarcane wax and cerosine.

,, Lingustrum lucidum

• • •

China white wax.

,, Stillingia sebifera

• • •

Vegetable tallow.

,, Honey bee

• ••

Cera.

,, Seichonofa coccus

• • •

Insect wax.

,, Rhus

• • •

Japanese wax.

CONDITIONS WHICH MAY MODIFY THE ACTION OF DRUGS.

Age. — The dose of any drug is uniform between ages of 20 and 60.
For a child under one year the dose is of the dose for an adult.
The age next birthday is to be divided by that age plus 12.
Thus for a child 4 years old the dose will be = T% =

Old persons are very susceptible to large, or even to ordinary,
doses, in whom the doses have usually to be diminished. Children
are susceptible to anodynes, but can bear proportionately larger doses
of purgatives, of belladonna, cod liver oil, arsenic and even chloral.

The rate of absorption of any drug varies with the mode of adminis-
tration, the hypodermic being the quickest, the dose is that by the
mouth or J that by the rectum. On a full stomach the absorption is
slower than on an empty one.

20 PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS.

Drug’s in the form of solution are more quickly absorbed and
require smaller doses than when given in powder or pill form.

Action of drugs may vary according to the idiosyncrasy,
habitual use, and temperament of the individual. With some the odour
of ipecacuanha and the smell of castor oil produce vomiting. Habit
generally lessens the medicinal power, and large doses of arsenic,
opium, and cathartics can be borne with impunity. Certain diseases
as typhoid fever require large doses of stimulants and it can be
tolerated without any alcoholic intoxication. In pneumonia large
doses of tartar emetic can be borne without nausea.

Certain drugs taken for a long time produce cumulative effects and
should be discontinued for some time or require cautious doses.
Thus digitalis, mercury, and lead possess cumulative properties. The
toxic effect may be due to slower elimination than absorption or to
the elimination being suddenly arrested by the drug causing contrac-
tion of renal vessels.

Incompatibles. — The action of a drug or drugs may be changed by
the drugs mixed to form a prescription, being of the nature of incom-
patibles.

In writing out a prescription care should be taken that the
drugs composing it do not by interaction in any way destroy or modify
their physiological action and thus form harmful or inert compounds.
The incompatibilities may be chemical, pharmaceutical or therapeu-
tical.

Chemical Incompatibles.' — Many drugs undergo chemical changes
or decomposition and form new compounds. Sometimes this result
is purposely produced as in the preparation of black wash (lime,
water and subchloride of mercury).

The following are instances of some of the principal chemical
incompatibles : —

Acids with alkalies.

Alkaloidal salts in solution are precipitated by fixed alkalies,
alkaline salts, tannic and gallic acids and other vegetable
substances.

Certain salts produce insoluble alkaloidal compounds.

Oxides of fixed alkalies decompose alkaloidal and other
metallic salts#

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS. 2 1

Cinchona with salts of iron.

Chloral with alkalies.

Corrosive sublimate with alkalies, alkaline carbonates, iodides
and bromides.

Glucosides with free acids and emulsions.

Strychnine sulphate with potassium bromide.

Quinine sulphate with potassium acetate.

Iron with tannic and gallic acids.

Substances containing tannic or gallic acids precipitate albumen,
gelatin and some metallic oxides.

Zinc sulphate with acetate of lead.

Some incompatibles form explosive compounds, especially when
oxidisable substances are brought in contact with oxidising agents.

Chromic acid, nitric acid, potassium permanganate or potassium
chlorate with glycerine.

Potassium chlorate with ferric salt.

Silver nitrate with creosote.

Silver oxide with extract of gentian.

Tincture of iodine with ammonia.

In some cases the trituration of solid drugs produces explo-
sion, eg. —

Calcium chloride with sulphur.

Catechu with potassium chlorate.

Calcium or sodium hypophosphite if triturated alone produces
explosion.

In a few cases poisonous compounds result from admixture of

many substances in solution, eg, —

Potassium chlorate with potassium iodide.

Potassium chlorate with ferrum iodide.

Potassium cyanide with mercurous chloride.

Potassium cyanide with metallic hydrates, carbonates, sub-
chlorides and subnitrates.

C .

22 PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS.

Pharmaceutical Incompatibles. — When two or more drugs
are mixed together, precipitation or separation takes place, which,
however, is not due to chemical changes, but to differences of solubi-
lity produced by such admixture, as when water or watery solution
is added to an alcoholic solution of substances containing resin,
the resin is precipitated. In some cases the precipitated resin is the
real active principle when the incompatibility becomes dangerous,
whereas in others it is inert, when it might be removed. In such
cases it is necessary to use some suspending materials, as mucilage,
before mixing them to prevent precipitation.

The following are some of the instances of pharmaceutical incom-
patibles : —

Alcoholic resinous fluid extracts or resinous tinctures when mixed
with water or watery solutions.

An alcoholic preparation mixed with chloral and potassium
bromide, causing chloral to float on the top.

A mixture of tincture of guaiacum with nitrous ether.

Fluid extracts, alcoholic tinctures, essential and fixed oils, with
aqueous preparations.

Vegetable infusions with metallic salts.

Pepsine mixed with alkalies.

Salicylates with iron compounds.

Therapeutical Incompatiblesand Physiological Antagonists. —

When two drugs, each opposing the other in some one or all ot their
physiological actions or medicinal properties are given together, thera-
peutical incompatibility and physiological antagonism result. In
some cases the antagonism is complete, as in belladonna and phy-
sostigma. In others it is only partial, as in calomel and opium.
In some, again, a drug has some properties opposed to those ot
another, whereas other properties may be similar. When two such
drugs are given together certain effects are intensified, whereas others
are neutralized, as in belladonna and opium. Under their conjoint use
the anodyne effect is intensified, and constipation, contraction ot pupils ,
depression of respiration, &c. (the effects of opium) are counteracted
by belladonna. Very often some incompatibles by the alteration of
their chemical or physical characters are rendered inert or form in-
soluble compounds which could be removed from the body before
they become absorbed into the blood or produce any toxic or poison-
ous effects upon the system.

Pharmaceutical operations or preparation of drugs. 23
The following are some of the therapeutical incompatibles : —

These are agents which when taken into the system either through
the alimentary canal, hypodermically or by inhalation, act deleteriously
upon the solids and fluids of the body and thus seriously injure health
or destroy life.

Human beings are poisoned in various ways, e.g. {a) by animal
stings, snake bites and bites of other venomous animals ; ( b ) by
drugs — for criminal purposes drugs are generally selected which simu-
late symptoms of general diseases as cholera, tetanus, cerebral coma,
&c., eg., arsenic, aconite, morphia, strychnine; ( c ) by substances gene-
rally used for suicidal purposes. These are such as could readily be
obtained or purchased and commonly known to the laity or used for
trade purposes, eg., opium, hydrocyanic acid, arsenic, carbonic acid
gas, bleaching powder, &c.; and ( d ) by substances taken by accident,
e.g. , tincture of opium mistaken for black draught, &c.

Antidotes. — Certain drugs and remedial measures are used to
neutralize and counteract the effects of certain other drugs when
taken in poisonous doses or producing violent symptoms of
poisoning through idiosyncrasy even when taken in medicinal doses.

Antagonists — Affect or alter the physical or chemical characters of
the poison and remove it from the body. They form with it an
insoluble or inert chemical compound before it is absorbed or before it
produces its toxic effects upon the system. In the case of vegetable
and mineral poisons, antagonists do their work in the alimentary
canal or in the respiratory passages. They include chemical or true
antidotes and mechanical antidotes. Antidotes act by (a) removing

acid.

Atropine and jaborandi.
Atropine and muscarine.
Atropine and morphine.
Atropine and pilocarpine.
Atropine and phytolacine.
Atropine and physostigmine.
Atropine and quinine.

Aconite and atropine.

Aconite and digitalin.
Aconite and strychnine.
Alcohol and strychnine.
Atropine and chloral.
Atropine and hydrocyanic

Bromal hydrate and Atropine.
Chloral and picrotoxin.

Chloral and physostigmine.
Chloral and strychnine.
Chloroform and amylnitrite.
Digitalin and muscarine.
Digitalin and Aconitine.
Digitalin and saponin.
Gelsemium and opium.
Gelsemium and atropine.
Morphia and caffeine.

Morphia and chloroform.
Opium and gelsemium.

Opium and veratrum viride.

POISONS.

^4 PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OE DRUGS.

the poison from the system by purgatives, emetics, stomach
pump or diuretics ; ( b ) chemically or otherwise so altering their
character as to render them inert or unfit for absorption ; ( c )
physiologically neutralizing the effects if absorption has taken
place.

Under their use the poison, though soluble and absorbable, is
converted into an insoluble, non-absorbable and inert chemical
compound. They include—

Acids. — Inorganic acids against diluted sulphuric acid, against
salts of barium and against lead and lead poisoning ; organic
acids, acetic, citric and tartaric, against the alkalies and alka-
line carbonates.

Albumen. — It forms chemical compounds with metallic salts,
corrosive alkalies, mineral acids, also with bromine, chlorine
and iodine, anillin, creosote, and most of the alcoholic alkaloidal
solutions. It is given against organic poisons, to be followed
by an emetic.

Ammonia Water. — Inhalation against vapours of corrosive acids,
nitro benzol, bromine, chlorine, hydrocyanic acid, &c.

Ammonium Carbonate — Hypodermically against poisoned wounds
by arrows.

Charcoal. — Fresh animal charcoal acts as a protective. It absorbs
gases. Given against alkaloids, metallic salts, phosphorus, &c.

Chlorine Water. — Against alkaloids, vegetable and animal
poisons ; as a spray or inhalation against carbonic oxide, coal
gas, or against ammonia and phosphoretted and sulphuretted
hydrogen ; and hydrocyanic acids and as a wash against snake
bites and other poisoned wounds.

Copper Carbonate. — Against phophorus, to be followed by an
emetic. It forms copper phosphide.

Gelatin.— given in poisoning by alum, iodine, bromine.

Gluten.— Against corrosive sublimate.

Iron.— Solution of hydrated sesquioxide, often combined with
ammonia or caustic alkali against arsenic.

Iodine with Potassium Iodide.— (i in io) against alkaloids and
their salts, against snake venom and vegetable poisons.

Lime. — Chalk, oyster shells, egg shells, conch ashes against
mineral and vegetable acids as oxalic acid and oxalates.

PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS OR PREPARATION OF DRUGS. 25

Magnesia. — Against acids, acid salts, oxalic acid and oxalates,
also against metallic salts of arsenic, mercury, and phosphorus.

Milk. — It contains albumen, casein, free alkali, &c. ; like albumen
it is an antidote against metallic salts, corrosive acids, alkalies
and alkaline earths.

Mucilage of Gum Acacia, — As a protective against corrosive
poisons.

Oils and Fats. — Contraindicated in poisoning by phosphorus,
carbolic acid, cantharis, copper salts, &c., are efficient against
corrosive acids, alkalies, metallic oxides and salts chiefly used
in the shape of melted butter, lard, almond oil, linseed oil, olive
oil, teel seed oil and cotton seed oil.

Potassium Ferrocyanide. — Against copper salts.

Potassium Permanganate. — As an oxidising agent against all or.
ganic poisons before absorption has taken place, as morphine
and strychnine salts, phosphorus and locally for snake bites.

Soapsuds. — A cupful given. Contraindicated in alkalies ; gene-
rally efficient against corrosive acids, metallic salts of mercury,
tin and zinc, and potassium bichromate.

Sodium, Magnesium and Potassium Salts. — Contraindicated in
poisoning by oxalic acid. Their carbonates and bicarbonates are
given against poisonous metallic salts, such as zinc salts, also
against iodine, bromine, and potassium bichromate ; their sul-
phates against carbolic acid and salts of Barium and lead ; their

chlorides (common salt) with albumen against silver salts.

4

Sodium Hyposulphite.— Against calcium hypochlorite (bleach-
ing powder).

Starch. — As a paste against iodine, bromine, corrosive acids,
corrosive sublimate, zinc and copper sulphates.

Tannic Acid. — Combined with iodine, against alkaloids and their
salts and against many metallic salts to be followed by
cathartics and emetics. A ready and easy substitute for tannin
is furnished by tea, coffee, nut galls, catechu, oak bark,
cinchona, willow, rhatany, &c.

Turpentine. — Against phosphorus, organic acids, as acetic,
citric, &c., against alkalies and alkaline carbonates.

Mechanical Antidotes. — These remove the poison from the body.
They are used before or after the use of other antidotes. They act
upon mineral or vegetable poisons by merely removing them from

4

26

ORGANOTHERAPY.

the body by the action of the bowels, or by vomiting or through the
respiratory passages. These include emetics, cathartics, the use
of stomach pump, stomach washes, injections, poultices, &c.

Emetics should be avoided against irritant and arsenical poison-
ing, as vomiting is induced by the poisons themselves. They are
contraindicated in corrosives, as they set up corrosion of the alimen-
tary canal and even lead to abdominal inflammation. Common salt
is contraindicated in poisoning by phosphorus, copper salts, carbolic
acid, cantharides, &c. Emetics include sulphate of zinc, dose 20 to
^ogrs. ; apomorphine, hypodermically, dose gr. to ; sulphate of copper,
dose gr. 1 to 5 ; emetine, dose gr. \ ; tartar emetic, dose gr. 1 ; turpeth
mineral, dose 1 dr. in a pint of hot water ; cadmium sulphate, a tea-
spoonful in a pint of water ; common salt, a teaspoonful ; mustard,
4 drs. ; olive oil, soapsuds, tobacco, snuff, ghee, tickling the
fauces, &c.

Cathartics.- — These remove the compounds formed by the
poison in the intestines,* and include 1. Castor Oil — Dose 1 to 2 ozs.
It protects the mucous membrane and obstructs absorption of the
poison. It is contraindicated in phosphorus, carbolic acid and
copper salts and cantharides poisoning. 2. Croton Oil. — Dose 1 to
3 ms. 3. Magnesium Sulphate — Dose 1 to 2 ozs. Very effective in
lead poisoning. 4, Senna — In narcotic poisoning. 5. Gamboge — In
narcotic poisoning.

Stomach Pump and Stomach Syphon. — These are contra-
indicated in corrosion of the oesophagus or stomach or when
the poison swallowed is in pieces or in a solid form. Washing of
the stomach is useful against soluble poisons.

ORGANO-THERAPY— ANIMAL GLANDS, TISSUES AND THEIR

PREPARATIONS.

Of late years, various organs of such animals as sheep, ox, &c.,
have been largely used more or less in a raw condition as remedial
agents in the treatment of diseases and affections of allied organs
in man. The theory that glands in addition to their ordinary
secretions elaborate certain materials of unknown chemical compo-
sition which go into the blood and produce certain changes and
affect distant parts of the organism has received support of late from
the fact that the removal of certain glands affects other organs,
e.g. , the removal of testicles and ovaries will cure hypertrophy of
the prostate and osteomalacia respectively. Similarly, castrated
individuals are known to grow fat and stout, and that stout people
are known to possess atrophied testicles.

ORGANO-THERAl’Y.

27

The human system is subject to various diseases, and some of
these are due to a deficient and perverted action of various organs
of the body, whereby the product of those organs which is essential
to the preservation of health is not properly supplied. To meet
this deficiency, corresponding healthy organs of animals are thera-
peutically used with a view to supply this deficiency or to alter the
morbid change. Many of these preparations are still on their
trial, but the results obtained from the use of thyroid gland in
goitre give hopes of a good future for other remedies of this
class.

A majority of these preparations contain leucomaines, extractives,
and other substances which have a high physiological value. Some
of the glands are, however, toxic in their effects. Physiologically
considered, these preparations are very useful alteratives and have a
powerful influence on the motor fibres of the arterioles. As the prepa-
ration of these organs for medicinal use require great care and skill,
it has been the practice to rely upon those prepared by well-known
firms of chemists only. They are generally met with in the form of
tabloids. Hence no attempt has been made in this work to give their
mode of preparation. Only their therapeutical uses and the dosage
will be given in connection with their descriptions.

The following are the preparations of this class generally used : —
Red Bone-marrow from marrow of the bones of ox and sheep.

Used as glycerine extract . — Dose to 1 dr., to be given with milk

or wine. Tabloids. — Dose \x/2 gr. each. Desiccated powder. — Dose
1 to 3 grs.

Preparation. — Carnogen containing red bone marrow and haemo-
globin. Doses 1 to 2 grs.

Physiological Actions. — Haematinic and tonic. It increases haemo-
globin in the blood and stimulates the production of blood cells.

Therapeutic uses. — Given in general debility, chlorosis, anaemia,
pernicious anaemia, scurvy, haematemesis, haemophilia, lymphadenoma,
leukaemia and rickets ; also in convalescence from acute bone diseases
and in osteo-arthritis. It is used in some cases as a food substitute
for cod liver oil.

Virol. — A combination of red bone marrow, malt extract, eggs,
and lime juice.

Characters. A thick syrupy liquid, resembling honey in appearance
and consistence. Taste delicious. Dose a teaspoonful.

28

ORGANO-THERAPY.

Actions and uses. — Virol is haematinic tonic and nourishing,
superior to cod liver oil. Given in rickets, in imperfect and slow
growth of bones, and in gastric ulcer as an easily digestible food.

Cardin. — An extract prepared from the heart muscle of the
bullock, by means of glycerine, boric acid, and alcohol.

Physiological Actions.— Cardiac stimulant, tonic and diuretic. It
increases the force and fulness of the pulse ; under its use there is an
increase in the number of blood corpuscles and also in the quantity ot
urine. Therapeutics . — Given in nervous debility, anaemia, chlorosis, &c.

Mammary Gland Extract. — Met with in the form of tablets,
3 grs. in each. Given with advantage in amenorrhoea, atrophy of the
breasts and deficient lactation ; also in menorrhagia, dysmenorrhcea
and fibroma, carcinoma and other tumours of the uterus.

Cerebrin and Myelin — Medullin. — A glycerine extract of the
brain and spinal cord. To prepare it, digest the cord in a mixture
of glycerine, alcohol and boracic acid. Used also as desiccated
powder.

Tablets. — Dose 5 grs. in each.

Actions and uses. — Nervine tonic, given in primary dementia, neu-
rasthenia, locomotor ataxy, paraplegia, &c.

Nuclein. — Is a proteid substance and contains a large proportion
of phosphorus. In the form of nucleinic acid it is a chief chemical
constituent of cell nuclei. Found in various animal and vegetable
tissues. Vegetable nuclein is prepared from vegetable yeast cells.
Animal nuclein is prepared from animal tissues and glands, as the
liver, spleen, thyroid and thymus glands, & c. Proto nuclein is a pre-
paration obtained from the tissues and glands combined.

Characters. — Nuclein is insoluble in dilute acids, but soluble in
dilute alkalies. Vegetable or yeast nuclein contains 1 p.c. of
nucleinic acid. Dose 30 ms. hypodermically. As tabloids — dose 1
gr. in each ; powder — dose 3 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic and bactericide. It increases leucocytes
in the blood. It destroys morbid products which may not have been
eliminated. As a bactericide it destroys microbes or resists their
invasion. It assists peptic digestion. Hypodermically injected in
health it increases the leucocytes. Hence given in diphtheria, suppu-
rative tonsillitis and other suppurative disorders, chronic bronchial
catarrh, chronic rheumatism, chronic malaria, tuberculosis, &c., also
in typhoid fever and in convalescence from acute diseases.

ORGANO-THERAPY.

29

Orchidin. — Orchitic extract — didymin, spermin, sequardin, tes-
tin, testiculin, orchitic fluid. A glycerine extract of the testicular
substance.

Constituents. — It contains four active principles — spermine, phospho-
rized albumens, lecithin known as phosphorized fat and nuclein.
Spermine exists in the form of a phosphate ; it is also found in
the thyroid and thymus glands, pancreas, spleen, ovaries and blood.

Liquor Testicularis — or Orchitic Fluid. Dose, internally, 1 5 to
30 ms. ; hypodermically, 5 to 15 ms.

Actions a?id uses. — Restorative, tonic, cardiac, emmenagogue and
stimulant. The action is believed to be due to the presence of
a ferment in the orchitic fluid. It excites the process of oxidation.
It increases the oxyhsemoglobin in the blood, stimulates the heart,
exalts the tone of the vessels, and promotes oxygenation of waste
products. It increases the amount of urea and lessens the amount
of phosphoric acid in the urine. It is used in constitutional diseases
due to defective nutrition of the organs as anaemia, tuberculosis and
diabetes ; as an emmenagogue in uterine disorders, and as a nervine
tonic in neuralgia, epilepsy, chorea, general paralysis, locomotor
ataxy and other nervous disorders. In perverted sexual functions,
impotence, senile decay and in various forms of cachexia it is given
with benefit.

Ovarian Extract. —

Part used.' — Dried ovarian substance.

Constituents. — It consists mainly of proteids and an active principle
allied to spermine.

Used as ovarian extract ; dose, 5 to 10 grs. ; desiccated powder
tablet 5 grs. in each.

Actions and uses. — Alterative and astringent, given in amenorrhoea
dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, chlorosis, &c. In climacteric affections
of the skin as eczema, rosacia, prurigo, herpetic eruptions and sebor-
rhcea ; in the constitutional disorders re-appearing with the climacteric
changes as epilepsy, gout, psoriasis, and in troublesome nervous
symptoms following the removal of the ovaries, it is used with good
results.

Cerebrinin — Protogon. — A glycerine extract of the grey matter
of the brain of sheep or ox. To obtain it, digest the grey matter in
glycerine and then add solution of common salt. It is an albuminous
liquid containing glycerine, hypophosphorus acid, phosphates, lecithin

ORGANO-THERAPY.

30

and cerebrin. Hypophosphorus acid is found in great abundance in
the blood, nerve structure, cerebellum and also in the cerebrum,
chiefly in the anterior lobes. Dose 3 to 20 ms.

Used hypodermically or as tabloids 5 grs. in each.

Actions and uses . — Nervine tonic and sedative. It is given hypo-
dermically in tetanus and in strychnine poisoning. It is given
with benefit in low nervous conditions as locomotor ataxy, tabes,
mesenterica, neurasthenia, paralysis, melancholia, chorea, nympho-
mania ; also in insomnia, chronic alcoholism and in hysteria, epilepsy,
tubercular and syphilitic diseases, in perverted sexual habits and
extreme emaciation.

The following formula is found useful in diarrhoea and night
sweats :■ —

Protogin 6 drs., cod liver oil 24 drs., eucalyptus oil 2 drs.,
alcohol 8 drs. — mix, dose 2 drs.

Supra Renal Gland Extract (Adrenal Extract).— The supra
renal glands consist of the cortex or capsule and the medulla. The
cortical substance is supposed to have the antagonistic power of
neutralizing snake poison. The gland is used as adrenal extract.
Dose 5 to 15 grs. Desiccated powder — tablets 3 grs. in each.

Physiological Actions, — Local astringent and haemostatic ; internally
alterative and cardiac tonic. It acts on the vascular system, increas-
ing the blood pressure by contraction of the arterioles.

Therapeiitic uses. — Given in acute maniacal excitement. In Addi-
son’s disease it lessens discoloration of the skin and improves the
general health. It is also given in diabetes insipidus, in neuras-
thenia, goitre and in anaemia. Locally its solution is used in con-
junctivitis, keratitis, iritis, &c. The solution with cocaine (2 to 1) is
used as an injection in affections of the ear, nose, larynx and
pharynx, also in gonorrhoea, cystitis, leucorrhoea, &c.

Splenic or Spleen Fluid Extract. — Part used is the spleen sub-
stance. Dose of the extract 1 to 2 drs. Used as desiccated powder.
Dose 5 gr. ; tablets 3 grs. in each.

Actions and iises.— 'Tonic, alterative, bactericide and stimulant.
Given in various disorders of the blood, in malarial cachexia, and
lymphadenoma, In enlargement of the spleen its use is often

O R G A N O-T 1 1 E R A P V .

o

followed by diminution in the size of the spleen. It is also
given in Grave’s disease, anaemia, chlorosis, rickets and phthisis ;
also in cases of recent insanity, psychosis, mental exhaustion and
melancholia.

Spermine Hydrochloride — Piperazine.— A synthetical prepara-
tion of a base allied to the base found in the spermatic fluid, thyroid
gland, spleen, ovaries and blood, in combination with phosphoric
acid.

Actions and uses . — A peculiar nervine stimulant. It revives vital
energy and is used in nervous diseases as neurasthenia, hysteria,
epilepsy, angina, locomotor ataxy, asthma, tuberculosis, and senile
marasmus.

Remarks. — Must be kept in hermetically sealed tubes.

Thyroid Gland Extract. — Prepared from the dried thyroid gland
substance, minced, dried and exhausted of fat by means of petroleum
ether.

Constituents. — Iodothyrin or thyroiodin, and proteids (albumen and
globulin). These are found in the colloid secretion of the follicles of
the gland.

Iodothyrin. — An active principle freed from albuminoid bodies.
It contains a definite amount of iodine, *03 p.c. It also contains
nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.

Characters. — A white powder. Of the tastes of milk sugar. Soluble
in alkaline solutions. Alcohol removes iodine from it. One part of it
is equal to one part of fresh thyroid gland. Used in compressed
tablets. Dose i-6oth gr. , gradually increased.

Thyroideum Siccum B. P. — Dry Thyroid.— A light dull brown
powder of the dried gland. It has a meat-like odour and taste.
Dose gr. 3 to 10. Used as thyroid capsules, tablets or cachets.

Liquor Thyroidei B. P. —Thyroid Solution. — A pinkish turbid
liquid, roo minims represent one gland. Used hypodermically and
by the mouth. Dose m 5 to 15.

Physiological Actions. — Alterative, nervine tonic, and antiaphro-
disiac. It is supposed to have also a mechanical action, viz. ,
protection of the brain from suddenly becoming engorged with blood

32

SERO-THERAPY.

either by the increased action of the heart or by congestion of
the circulation. Its therapeutic action depends upon the absorp-
tion of certain iodized products of the gland.

Therapeutics. — It is given in myxoedema, a disease due to the
absence or inadequacy of the gland either as a result of injury or
the disease of the gland. Removal of the gland has proved
fatal to animals, but life can be saved by engrafting a portion
of the gland in other situations or by the intravenous injection
of the thyroid extract. Raw gland is equally efficacious as the
dry powder. It is given with benefit in cretinism, congenital myxoe-
dema, goitre, imbecility and arrested mental development in children,
insanity due to masturbation, hysteria, syphilis, &c. ; of late it is
extensively used for the reduction of obesity and in rickets. It
has also been found useful in uterine haemorrhages, especially
those due to fibroid tumours, carcinoma and other causes. In certain
skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, keloid, ichthyosis, pityriasis
rubra, lupus and lichens ; also in alopecia it is given with benefit.
As anaphrodisiac it acts by relieving congestion of the urinary
and sexual organs when affected by prostatitis. It should not be
given to phthisical patients, nor to those suffering from wasting
diseases.

As an emmenagogue it is given in amenorrhoea. It is also given
in hemicrania, and in angina pectoris with good results. In lactation,
its beneficial use as a galactagogue is worthy of trial. It has been suc-
cessfully used in cases of obstinate fractures to promote consolidation.

Thymus Gland Extract. — Thymus gland is active only during
the developmental period. The gland substance itself is used as
dried extract. Dose 5 to 30 grs. Used as desiccated powder.
Tabloid 5 grs. in each.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, stimulant and tonic ; used with benefit
in Grave’s disease, pernicious anaemia and other debilitating disorders
due to defective development as rickets, pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis,
&c. ; also in leucocythemia and haemophylia.

SERO-THERAPY— BACTERIO-THERAPY.

In this is included a group of remedial agents of a curative and pre-
ventive or prophylactic character. The results obtained from them so
far are very encouraging and they give promise of a far greater use-
fulness in the future. They consist of blood serums of immunized ani-
mals or bacterial products, possessing peculiar undiscovered substan-
ces called antitoxins and used for the cure of certain diseases of an in-
fectious character and of a bacterial origin. As the preparation of these

SEROTHERAPY.

JO

serums requires a laboratory specially equipped for the purpose, a
detailed description of their preparations cannot be given here.
Moreover, the preparations are of various strengths, and full details
of doses and the mode of their administration accompany the tubes
containing the serum.

A long series of bacteriological investigations has shown that when
an animal is inoculated with gradually increasing doses of a virus,
toxic cultures, bacteria or bacterial products of a particular disease,
its blood serum becomes after a certain stage immunized against
the effects of further inoculations, and it becomes proof against the
germs of that particular disease. The serum of such animals when
injected acts as a curative or prophylactic against the attack of that
disease. The serums thus rendered immune are with safety and ad-
vantage used in such acute infectious diseases as cholera, diphtheria,
erysipelas, plague, pneumonia, syphilis, typhoid fever, tetanus, and
tuberculosis.

Antiseptic precautions to be observed in the use of serum —

(1) . The skin round the site of the injection should be sterilized

by first rubbing it with soap and warm water, next with
ether to remove any grease that may exist, and finally
with a solution (i in 20) of carbolic acid.

(2) . The syringe should be sterilized by boiling it for a few

minutes in water and soaking it in a solution (1 in 20) of
carbolic acid.

(3) . Injection should be made under the skin, any part not liable

to much movement should be preferred.

(4) . The serum should be very clear and pure.

Diphtheria Serum, Diphtheria Antitoxin— Antidiphtherin,
Antidiphtheritic Serum. — It has preventive as well as curative
properties. It is prepared from the blood of horses that have
been subjected to repeated inoculations of the poison of diphtheria.
Behring obtained diphtheria bacilli from a patient, cultivated them
in broth, and injected subcutaneously in gradually increasing doses in
horses, cows, sheep and goats until they were rendered incapable of
taking the disease. In the animal thus immunized the antitoxic effect
was retained for a long time by occasional injections of the poison.

Action and uses. — Used in diphtheria, cezena, and laryngeal croup.
In favourable cases it lowers the temperature, induces sweating,
removes signs of distress, and diminishes fever.

5

34

SEROTHERAPY.

The diphtheritic membrane clears away, and laryngeal symptoms
are relieved, thus avoiding the necessity for tracheotomy. It is, how-
ever, found necessary to continue the local antiseptic treatment of
the throat during the serum treatment. To be successful the treat-
ment should be commenced early. It is more useful in the fibrinous
form of the disease than in the septic form.

Rabies Antitoxin - Anti-rabic Virus. — Though rabies has been
regarded as of microbic origin, the particular germ has not yet been
discovered. The specific virus of the disease is found to be most
abundant in the spinal cord of rabid animals.

Pasteur inoculated with the virus of rabies healthy animals and
produced characteristic symptoms of the disease. He also found that
the virus taken from a cord dried for a shorter period 'was more
virulent than that obtained from a cord dried for a longer period. By
inoculating an animal from day to day with the virus of increasing
virulence obtained in this manner, he found that after a certain stage
the animal became perfectly immune against the virus of rabies in
any form. On these data he based the anti-rabic treatment of hydro-
phobia in man. For this purpose he used an emulsion of the spinal
cord of rabbits who died of rabies artificially produced. The results
obtained have been so satisfactory that almost all civilized States
have established Pasteur institutes in their territories. As this treat-
ment is more of the nature of a prophylactic against rabies, and as
the only available period is the time between the date of the bite
and the onset of the symptoms, to be successful it should be begun
immediately after the receipt of the bite. The treatment usually
extends over a fortnight, and consists of 2 to 6 inoculations a
day.

Antivenene or Antivenomous Serum.— This serum neutralizes
the poison of various species of serpents, specially of cobra and
rattle-snake ; also of scorpions, & c. It is obtained by immunizing
horses with increasing doses of a serpent poison, especially cobra
poison. The serum of the animal thus immunized possesses antidotal
properties against the bites of poisonous snakes.

Streptococcus Antitoxin. — This serum is obtained from a horse
who has been immunized by inoculating it with cultures of strepto-
coccus which have been passed through a series of animals by which
process the virulence is increased.

35

SEROTHERAPY.

Used in cases of erysipelas, puerperal fever, septicaemia and
pyaemia, also in scarlet fever. The use of this serum requires great
care and watching, as fatal results due to its use have been reported.

Syphilis Antitoxin. — It has been found that certain animals such
as dogs, lambs, &c., are little affected by the syphilitic poison.
The resistance of such animals to this poison is considerably increased
when the blood serum from man in the active stage of syphilis is
injected into them. The serum of animals so treated has been tried
with a certain amount of success in the treatment of syphilis in man,
especially in the tertiary forms, as tertiary ulcerations, &c.

Tetanus Antitoxin. — Tetanus toxin has been separated in a crys-
talline form, and the disease is produced in animals by injecting
that substance. The serum of animals inoculated with tetanus
toxin has an immunizing power, and has been used with success in
the treatment of tetanus. As, however, the disease is not diagnosed
till after the nervous system is involved, this remedy cannot produce
its full effects. It is, however, used as a prophylactic in persons
exposed to the chances of tetanus infection, as in lacerated
wounds, soiled with clay, mud, &c., the bacilli being found also
in the soil. A solid form of this antitoxin is also obtainable which is
reported to keep well, being not affected by heat or damp. The
ordinary treatment, vis., cauterization and removal of the affected
part locally and sedatives internally, cannot be dispensed with during
the serum treatment.

Tuberculosis Antitoxin. — Known as Maragliano’s serum. It is
obtained from the horse, ass, dog or goat immunized with tuber-
culin or toxins of bacillus tuberculosis. It should be distinguished
from Koch’s tuberculin, which is an extract of the products of the
cultures of bacillus tuberculosis and not a serum. Used in the earlier
stages of tuberculosis. Under its use the local signs disappear, the
weight increases and the bacilli also disappear. The treatment should
be continued for a long time. It is often necessary to supplement
injections of serum with the use of antiseptic vaporizers or inhala-
tions and with the disinfection of the mouth and throat with antiseptic
gargles.

Typhoid Antitoxin— Antityphoid Serum.— This serum is obtain-
ed from the sheep immunized with broth cultures of typhoid bacilli.
It is found useful in a few cases of typhoid fever in man. In
lower animals its efficacy is decided.

SERO-THERAPY.

36

Toxins. — -Such infectious or specific diseases as anthrax, cholera,
diphtheria, erysipelas, glanders, plague, pneumonia, tuberculosis,
typhoid fever, &c., are due to pathogenic germs.

These specific germs in suitable media produce toxic substances
to which these specific diseases are due, but they also produce
certain other substances which are inimical to their own existence.
It is on this theory that toxins are used as remedial agents in the
specific diseases of microbic origin. The toxins in many cases are
of albuminous nature and are termed tox albumens.

Antiphthisin.- — A derivative of tuberculin claimed to be free
from the toxic principles of tuberculin. It is reported to have given
good results in the initial stage of pure tuberculosis. It is said that
under its use the number of germs becomes less, and they show signs
of degeneration, the fever decreases, dulness of the chest diminishes,
harsh breathing is replaced by vesicular respiration, cough becomes
less troublesome, and sputum becomes less purulent. In fact, the
lung capacity is increased and the patient increases in weight.

Cholera Toxin. — Professor Hafifkine has introduced the toxin
which is found to possess a remarkable protective power against
cholera.

The treatment consists in inoculating, a person with a weak virus
followed in 4 or 5 days by one of greater virulence. The intensity
of this virus is reduced by passing air and oxygen over a culture of
comma bacillus, on agar at a high temperature. The results obtained
have been very satisfactory and prove that the toxin has a very
marked effect in protecting people against cholera.

Erysipelas and Prodigiosus Toxins. — It is sometimes observed
that when patients affected with malignant growths suffered from
an inter-current attack of erysipelas, the growth disappeared.
Guided by this experience, erysipelas was artificially produced in such
patients as a remedial measure by inoculating them with pure
cultures of streptococcus erysipelatus. The results were, however,
not very encouraging. Subsequently a mixture of the toxins of
streptococcus erysipelatus and bacillus prodigiosus was tried and
found to give better and more encouraging results. In the prepara-
tion of these toxins the germs are destroyed by heat. Sarcomata are
more influenced than carcinomata.

Plague Prophylactic. — Professor Haffkine has discovered a
prophylactic against plague. It is prepared from plague bacilli,

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

37

cultivated in a fluid medium, which is after a certain stage heated
till all the bacilli are killed. This fluid containing the dead bacilli and
their products is then further sterilized by carbolic acid. The dose
varies with different brews. It is a remedy of decided prophylactic
power against plague, and the results so far have been very encourag-
ing. If resorted to early, the immunity against attacks is very great.
Amongst those attacked in spite of the prophylactic, the course of
the disease is favourably modified, and the percentage of mortality
is reduced. The immunity is, however, of a short duration — about six
months. The inoculation requires to be given with caution in cases
of heart disease, struma, syphilitic cachexia, diabetes and in acute
diseases.

Tuberculin — Koch’s Tuberculin. — An extract of the products of
pure cultures of the tubercle bacillus made in glycerine and water.
It has fallen into disuse, as it often disintegrates the tuberculous
deposits even when they are in a quiescent condition, with the result
that they are disseminated throughout the body, forming new centres
of infection. Besides, the immediate reaction of the inoculation is
very severe, producing in many cases serious symptoms. However,
in a few well selected cases the treatment may prove useful. It is,
however, useful for diagnosing tuberculosis in animals, and in the
preparation of tuberculosis antitoxin.

THE MODE OF PREPARATION OR FORMS IN WHICH
MEDICINES CAN BE USED.

In former times medicine was administered, as far as possible, in
very crude forms. In civilized countries, with the advance of medical
science, pharmacy has been brought to a high state of perfection, and
the most violent poisons and the most nauseous drugs can be ad-
ministered in doses and forms which could never have been dreamt of
before. But in cases of the less progressive people like the
Hindus, the Musulmans and the Chinese, among whom medical
science has been allowed to remain stationary, there has been
no improvement in that direction. Drugs are sometimes given in
very crude form without any regard to the bulk or to their nauseous
taste or smell. Again, owing to the want of knowledge of the
therapeutical actions of drugs, a large number of ingredients are
employed in a prescription, some of them being of contrary physio-
logical actions, and in some cases of the nature of incompatibles.
As an example, it may be mentioned that an electuary known
among the Hindus as Katana batrisa contains 32 drugs. Another

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

38

preparation called Bala goli contains about 50 drugs, a large number
being carminatives and narcotics, especially opium. Similarly the
well-known preparation, called Triak faruk , contains 50 drugs.

Drugs are administered mostly in liquid or solid forms.

Liquids. — Among the liquid preparations are included —

1. Aqueous preparations, viz. , decoctions, infusions, solutions,

waters, &c.

2. Those containing viscid substances as emulsions, honeys,

mucilages, mixtures, syrups.

3. Alcoholic preparations such as elixirs, fluid extracts, spirits,

tinctures, wines.

4. Acetous preparation such as vinegar.

5. Ethereal preparations. These are ethereal tinctures, collo-

dions, liquors.

6. Oleaginous preparations such as liniments, oleates, &c.

Solid Preparations. — These include abstracts, cerates, confec-
tions, extracts, masses, ointments, papers, pills, plasters, powders,
resins, suppositories, Trochisci. Below, in an alphabetic order,
will be found a brief description of these preparations.

Abstracta — Abstracts.' — A class of preparations consisting of dry
powdered extracts. They are made by exhausting crude drugs with
alcohol, recovering the same, and incorporating the residue with milk
sugar. They are twice the strength of crude drugs, or about double
the strength of the corresponding fluid extracts. ( See Index.)

Aceta, Vinegars. — Active principles of certain drugs, macerated
in dilute acetic acid or vinegar as a vehicle.

Antrophores. — The spiral spring bougies coated with gelatine.
They contain thalline, cocaine, iodoform, zinc sulphate, tannin
silver nitrate, bismuth subnitrate, &c. ; serviceable in gonorrhoea.

Ashes. — Residue left after an organic substance has been raised
to a strong heat. Among the natives, however, residue left after a
metal has been raised to a strong heat is also called ash, in which
case the residue is either the reduced metal or oxide or some other
compound of the same.

Vernacular — Guz. — Khak, Rakh , bhasm, khar ; Hind. — Rakh ; Pers. —
Khdka ; Sans. — Bhashma\ Tam. — T iroonoot oondi, Sambool ;Tel.' — Boodi -
da, Vibudi, Khar also means salts.

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

39

Animal Ashes. — These are prepared from bones, horns, shells,
pearls, teeth, &c. To obtain ash apply heat to any one of these sub-
stances till it becomes red hot ; soak it in lime juice and heat again.
Repeat this process several times or till it becomes calcined and can
be powdered. These ashes mostly contain phosphates ; e.g.t sambar-
sing (deer’s horn), moti (pearls), cowries (shell), eggshell, purvdlun,
oyster shell, samuderplien , &c.

Vegetable Ashes. — They consist mostly of salts of alkalies or
alkaline earths. The natives prepare the ash in the following-
way : — Reduce to thin pieces dry roots, stems, leaves, &c., put
them into an open-mouthed earthen vessel, cover the opening with a
piece of cloth, and plaster it outside with cow’s dung ; then apply heat
from a fire till the whole becomes completely charred. Powder it
when cold. To purify — Boil the coarse powder with water for 2 or 3
hours and filter. The insoluble substances will precipitate, and evapo-
rate the filtrate.

Mineral Ashes. — The crude mineral is subjected to what is called
a process of purification and finally reduced to a fine powder ; e.g .,
arsenic, copper and its salts, gold, iron, lead, mercury, silver, tin,
and zinc.

Bolus and Granules or Parvules— are terms used for pill masses,
differing only in size, the former larger and the latter smaller than
an ordinary pill. ( See Index.)

Bougies — Kakro (Hind.). — These are small solid cylinders or
pencils made of gelatine, wax, or cocoa butter and impregnated with
various medicinal substances. They are locally inserted and used in
affections of the nares, urethra, vagina and rectum ; also in fistulae
and sinuses. ( See Index.)

Cachets or Wafers. — An agreeable and fashionable mode of
administering nauseous or insoluble drug or drugs, or ordinary drugs
to fastidious patients. These are prepared by placing the drugs into
the hollow of two pieces of specially prepared wafer papers. The
edges of the two are first moistened with water and then swallowed
without unfolding. [See Index.)

Capsules and Perles. — Modes of administering nauseous powders,
oils and bitter liquid drugs to fastidious patients. They consist of
two hollow globules or tubes or cases made of gelatine or some other
substance closed at one end and telescoping into one another. They
are of various shapes and sizes. ( See Index.)

40

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

Cataplasmata. — Poultices — Lepadi (Guz.). These are soft and
pasty hot masses applied to the skin to supply moisture and warmth,
to relieve pain and relax tissues : if applied early, they reduce inflam-
mation of the tissues under the skin. They assist suppuration or
evacuation of pus when the suppuration has set in, as in boils, buboes,
abscesses, Sic. They are also applied to open wounds to prevent fetor
of the discharges and to promote healthy condition of the tissues.
They are medicated by adding anodynes, counter-irritants or disinfect-
ants. They are prepared by boiling linseed meal, charcoal powder,
flour of various grains, or bread in milk or water, till the mass is
reduced to the consistence of butter. They are usually applied as hot
as could be borne, and are generally one inch thick. They are
frequently changed when cold.

Among the natives certain fruits, corms or rhizomes are embedded
in hot ashes and applied as poultices. (See Index.)

Cerata — Cerates. — These are ointment-like preparations, but of
firmer consistence. They all contain wax and do not melt at body
temperature. Used externally, e.g., ceratum cantharides, ceratum
resinae, &e.

Charta — Papers. — They are strips of paper either coated only on
one side as Charta sinapis,ox impregnated and saturated with drugs as
Charta nitratis, &c. They are used as plasters, vesicants or counter-
irritants and as inhalation of the fumes while burning.

Collodia— Collodions. — These are liquid preparations for external
application containing drugs dissolved in a solution of pyroxylin in
ether and alcohol. When applied the ether and alcohol evaporate,
leaving a film of the collodion on the skin. ( See Index.)

Collunaria — Nasal Douches. — These are solutions, containing
antiseptic agents and also astringents in water or water and glycerine
combined, for washing out the nasal cavities.

Collunarium Acidi carbolici 2 grs. in 1 oz.

,, Sodii bicarb 5 grs. in 1 oz.

,, Boracis 5 grs. in 1 oz.

,, Aluminis 5 grs. in 1 oz.

,, Potassii permang. liquor 6 ms. in 1 oz.

,, Quininas ^ gr. in 1 oz.

,, Zinci sulphatis y2 gr. in 1 oz.

,, Zinci sulpho carbolatis 2 grs. in 1 oz.

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

41

Collyrium. — An eye wash or a lotion for the eye, generally of a
mildly astringent character. Collyrium Adstringens Luteum.—
Ammonium chloride 5, zinc sulphate 12*5, water 2,000. Dissolve and
add camphor 4, dilute spirit 200, and saffron 7. Digest and filter.

Confections — Electuaries. — Ver. Pdkha (Hind.) These are sweet
and pasty masses of nauseous and disagreeable drugs with sugar and
honey as their base to render them agreeable for administration as
also to preserve them from decomposition. Some of these confections
are rolled into round boluses and used extensively under the name of
“ Ladoos ” (balls). (See Index.)

Cosminol — Cosmine-oleum Petrolei Alba. — A mixture of pure
neutral hydrocarbons of the marsh-gas series, concentrated and
purified without the use of acids or alkalies. Obtained from the residue
left as a deposit in tanks containing petroleum.

Characters. — An oily yellowish liquid or a homogeneous non-crysta-
line jelly. Does not become rancid when long kept, without any
odour or taste. It has no chemical action. Substances sparingly
soluble in glycerine, water or spirit, are soluble in cosminol. Those
which are soluble in chloroform, ether, benzin, fixed and volatile oils
and oleic acid are also readily dissolved in cosminol. Pure alkaloids
which are soluble in ether and chloroform, are also soluble in
cosminol.

Actions and uses. — Soothing and emollient to the mucous mem-
branes. Its chief use is as a medium for the exhibition of drugs
in solutions. It is used as an application, as a spray by the atomizer
to the nose, larynx and pharynx, as an ointment, and as an injection.
(See Index.)

Decoctions. — It is a solution of active constituents of a drug
prepared by boiling it with water. In this process, however, the
active constituents are generally injured, and therefore these prepara-
tions are not much in vogue. (See Index.)

HaustllS — a Draught. — It is a mixture prepared in accordance
with a prescription to be taken in a single dose, e.g. — Black draught,
effervescent draught.

Elixirs. — These are liquid preparations containing small quantities
of active drugs dissolved in alcohol and water, and sweetened and
flavoured with aromatics, (See Index.)

6

42

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

Emulsions. — These are liquid preparations containing insoluble
powders, oils, &c., suspended by some sticky substance such as gum.
Some emulsions are natural products, as milk, yolk of egg, milky
juices of plants, &c.

Different substances used for emulsification are — Mucilage of acacia
— for oils and resins ; mucilage of tragacanth— -for oils and resins ;
yolk of eggs — for oils, chloroform, and glycerine ; liquor potassae — for
oils ; tincture of senega — for fats and oils ; tincture of quillaja — for
oils ; milk — for scammony ; soap — for oil of turpentine ; Scot’s
Emulsion contains — Codliver oil 44 p.c., hypophosphite of lime 6 grs.
to 1 oz., hypophosphite of soda 39 gr. to 1 oz., glycerene 16 p.c.

Emplastra — Plasters. — Ver. Pattee (Guz.) These are pre°
parations for external use only, consisting of a solid base of an
oleaginous character, harder and more tenacious than ointments, and
containing drugs either dissolved or chemically combined. They are
generally spread on a piece of cloth, leather or other suitable
material, and the piece so treated is applied to the affected part.

In native practice, plasters are applied over abscesses, boils,
inflammatory swellings, tumours, even on malignant and other
growths. ( See Index.)

Extracts. — Ver. Aveleh (Mar.). These are preparations contain-
ing or composed of the active part of a vegetable drug, sepa-
rated from the woody and other inert constituents. These are
prepared with a view to reduce the bulk of the drug to be adminis-
tered, as also to produce more uniform and rapid results. They are
met with in the fluid, semi-solid and solid forms.

Solid and semi-solid extracts. — They are generally prepared by
evaporating to the required consistence a solution in which a drug
has been steeped for some time or in some other way thoroughly
exhausted. In some cases the inspissated juice is called an extract.
In some cases the colouring matter ot the drug is added to the
extract at the last stage of its preparation, when it is called a green
extract. (See Index.)

Fluid Extract. — Similar preparation to the last but in a fluid
form, being merely concentrated solutions. They are made of certain
and uniform standard and strength, one minim of the fluid extract
representing one grain of the crude drug. Many of them are used
for the extemporaneous preparations of infusions, tinctures or wines.
They keep well and are both convenient and reliable. (See Index.)

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

43

FotUS or Fomentation. — It consists of application of heat to
a localized part. It is either dry or moist. Dry fomentation is
made by applying to the affected part a heated piece of cloth, brick,
tile, stone or any substance available which can be heated, or by
applying heated ashes held in a piece of cloth. Sometimes certain
drugs, containing volatile oils, such as ajmo, datura, tablesalt, &c.,
are applied hot. Hot water glass or stoneware bottles, also India-
rubber bags, are very convenient.

In moist fomentation moisture is also used along with heat. It
consists of the application of pieces of cloth, especially flannels,
spongiopiline, &c., either wrung out of hot water or heated in
steam. Sometimes the hot water is medicated by the addition of
such drugs as poppyheads, turpentine, &c.

Varalians. — Ver. Vara l vapour. Midway between the dry and
moist fomentations are the varalians, a favourite mode with vayids
and hakims. It consists of heating in a closed vessel for some time
flowers, leaves and branches of certain drugs, fresh or dry, and
applying them bodily hot, held between the folds of a piece of cloth.

Fumigations. — Ver. Dhuee , dhumado (Guz.) ; Bhukhur (Hind.).
It consists of the application over a localized part, or over the
whole surface, of the vapours or rather the fumes of drugs burnt
or heated over a fire. It is a favourite mode among the vayids and
hakims. The drugs used are mercurials, sulphur, gugul, issas,
ajmod, &c.

The following are used over localized parts : —

Bhuiringani fruits with seeds are burnt over a fire and the
fumes allowed to play upon caried teeth ; gugal — the fumes
are allowed to play upon foul ulcers and other diseases of
the nose ; singaraph ; bhanga ; dhatura leaves ; triphala.
all these are made into tapers, lighted over a fire and their
fumes allowed to spread over foul ulcers and about the
region of anus as in piles, dysentery, &c.

Gargarisma, Gargles. — It is a liquid preparation containing a
drug or drugs, dissolved in or mixed with water, and used for their
topical action on the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx,
and gums. Honey is a constant ingredient in most gargles.

Gauzes. — Medicated pieces of grey shirting, containing a certain
percentage of some antiseptic. They are generally tinted with
aniline blue, magenta, haematoxylin, &c,

44

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

Gauze and cotton-wool tissue, otherwise known as Gamgee’s tissue,
is a thin sheet of cotton-wool between two layers of gauze. ( See
Index.)

Glycerines. — These are preparations in which drugs are dissolved
in, or mixed with, glycerine. ( See Index.)

Gossypium— Cotton Wool, Absorbent Cotton.— The hairs of

the seed of Gossypium herbaceum and other species freed from
impurities and fatty matters and used as a swab plug or as
wound dressing. It is medicated with alum, arnica, benzoic
acid, camphor, chrysophanic acid,cubebs, krameria, opium, resorcin,
tannin, &c.

Guttae — Drops. —Aqueous medicinal solutions used as drops for
the eyes, ears, nose, &c. They are somewhat bigger than minims.
The size also varies according to the viscidity of the liquid, and
the shape and surface of the orifice from which they escape. Syrups
and mucilages have large drops ; heavy mobile liquids produce
small ones. (See Index.)

Infusions. — These are aqueous solutions of the active principles
of drugs prepared by macerating, percolating or otherwise
thoroughly exhausting them in cold or hot water. The drugs are
not boiled with water as in decoctions. For drugs containing
volatile principles, or such as would be injured by heat, cold water
is used. (See Index.)

Inhalations or Vapours. — These are medicinal substances
inhaled with ordinary inspirations in the form of vapour, gas or as a
spray through an atomizer to act locally on the mucous membrane of
the air passages. In many cases the inhalation may be effected through
a sponge saturated with the drug. Inhalations are either dry or
moist. Moist inhalation consists of breathing in the fumes of volatile
substances along with steam or watery vapour or vapours of other
liquids.

Dry inhalation consists of the fumes from various solids
when heated, as in cigars and cigarettes, and in the Eastern countries
as chillums and hookas. In the case of cigarettes one or more
medicinal substances are wrapped in papers or some indifferent
leaves. They are burnt at one end and smoked at the other. Cigars
are made of actual drugs pressed and rolled into the shape of cigar-
ettes and used in a similar manner.

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

45

Chillum . — It is an earthen cup or half the shell of a cocoanut
with a hole at the bottom. At the time of using it the substances
are put into the cup and live coal placed over the drugs, and the
smoke inhaled through the hole. Fashionable cups have the shape
of a funnel or dhatura flower.

Hooka, like chillum, is an earthen cup with the hole at the
bottom and a tube attached from the hole to a basin of water. The
drug is placed in the cup and live coal placed over it, the smoke or
the vapour before being inhaled passing through the water in the
basin. Another tube passes out of the basin with a mouth-piece which
is used for inhalation. It is more of a moist inhalation. The druirs

o

used are ajmuda, cubebs, dhatura, potassium nitras, tobacco, &c.

Injections. — It is a comprehensive term for liquid preparations
containing food or drugs — sometimes very active drugs as serums,
&c. They are introduced by means of a syringe or other suitable
apparatus — (i) Into the cavities or canals, eg ., rectum, vagina,
uterus, nose, ears, urethra and bladder ; (2) Beneath the skin, eg .,
hypodermic injections ; (3) Deeply into the tissue, eg., parenchy-
matous injections ; (4) Into veins or arteries, intravenous or
arterial injections, or transfusion.

The injection into the rectum is called an enema when the fluid
injected is large in quantity, or clyster if small in quantity.

Saline injections are sometimes used after opening the abdomen to
wash out or irrigate the abdomen, also as an enema in collapse
during operations.

Hypodermic Pallets for Injection. — As some of the drugs for
hypodermic injections require to be administered in very minute doses,
great care is necessary in preparing them. For convenience, tablets
are prepared by well-known chemists containing a fixed quantity of
these drugs, sometimes sufficient for one dose. The advantages of
these pallets over the solutions are the accuracy of doses, ready
solubility, definite and uniform strength, portability, and preser-
vation. ( See Index.)

Insufflation. — These are preparation consistisng of solid sub-
stances in a state of fine powder and used for the purpose of blowing
into the ears, nose, pharynx, larynx, vagina, uterus, sinuses, wounds,
&c., through a piece of quill, or any hollow tube, or by specially
made apparatus known as insufflators. Examples — Bismuth,

subnitrate, boracic acid, Iodoform, oxide of zinc, &c.

46 MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

Inunctions. — These consist of a fixed quantity of a drug or drugs
mixed with oleic acid being rubbed on the skin to produce an effect
on the general system by absorption. The application is generally
made into the groins or armpits.

Lamellae. — These are thin scales, discs or plates of medicinal
substances, each weighing 5l0 gr., chiefly prepared in glycerine and
gelatine ; e.g ., atropinse, cocainse, homatropinas, physostigminas, &c.

Lep. — Lepvun to form a coating (Hind). It is a thick, sticky
semifluid compound for local use, -containing various resinous and
anodyne substances, and some mild counter-irritants, all mixed in
alcohol, brandy or mohva spirit. It is spread over an affected part
and covered with cotton. On drying it becomes as hard as a splint
and is used by native practitioners as a substitute for them in disloca-
tions, fractures, sprains, bruises, &c. They are also applied over
swellings and painful parts with some advantage.

Liniments. — Ver. Masahmnoo , Lcigarvanu , Cholvdnu oushad (Guz.)
These are alcoholic or oily preparations in a liquid or semifluid con-
dition for external use only, and applied on the skin with friction with
the hand. Embrocations are more liquid liniments. (See Index.)

Lenitives. — These are organic animal products which are more
quickly absorbed by the skin than most fats. They are soothing to
the skin and are useful as a good base for mercurial ointments when
used as inunction ; e,g. , lard, lanolin, &c.

Liquors — Solutions. — These are aqueous preparations, containing
mostly salts in solution in a fixed proportion, generally i per cent.,
with the exception of liquor hydrargyri perchloridi, which is i in
875. They are generally for internal use, but some are only used
externally. ( See Index.)

Lotion — Wash. — These are liquid preparations, mostly aqueous
solutions of medicinal substances used to wash out a part or to keep
it moistened by putting a piece of cloth constantly kept wet with it.
(See Index.)

Mellita- -Honeys. — These are viscid preparations of drugs con-
taining honey for a base, thus differing from =yrups, in which syrup
of sugar is the base ; e.g. , mel. scillae ; Mel. Rosae.

Mixtures. — These are liquid preparations containing insoluble
substances suspended in them by gum or some other suitable
materials.

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

47

In general practice, however, all liquid preparations*for internal use
prepared after a prescription are called mixtures. ( See Index.)

Ghutado. — (Hind.) “ Ghutvun ,” to rub or triturate. Various drugs
are rubbed on a slab with a little water till a thick gruelly mass is
produced. Sugar is generally added at the end.

Nebulae — Sprays. — Aqueous medicinal solutions used in ato-
mizers for the throat ; e.g ., nebula acidi lactici, nebula ferri per-
chloridi, &c.

Oleates. — These are preparations of oleic acid containing
alkaloids or metallic salts in solution and used for external appli-
cation. They are prepared of various strengths. They are not
definite chemical compounds. They are rapidly absorbed, and hence
in many cases are superior to ointments. They are cleanly and
economical. They do not grow rancid. ( See Index.)

Olea — Oils, Volatile or Essential Oils. — These are liquid, oily,
active organic bodies or definite chemical compounds and form a
large group of organic substances found in plants. They are
obtained by distillation with water, being volatizable at the tempera-
ture of boiling water ; by expression ; by crushing the seeds or
vegetable pa> ts or by solution.

Characters . — They are liquid at ordinary temperatures, without any
colour or pale or yellowish. In some the odour is strong, somewhat
pungent and nutty. They are slightly soluble in water, more soluble
in alcohol or ether. They are more or less inflammable, and by long
exposure to cold divide into a solid crystalline portion known as
stearopten or camphor and a liquid or volatile portion known as
eloeopten. A few consist of a single proximate principle, e.g., oil
of betula which is wholely methyl salicylate. Most of them are
complex bodies and consist of two or more principles which are
separable from one another. Those containing carbon and hydrogen
are known as hydrocarbon oils or terpenes, e.g., oil of turpentine.
Those containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are known as
oxygenated oils. They are highly aromatic and contain terpene
mixed with oxygenated principle (an acid, analdehyde,&c.), e.g., cinna-
mon oil, peppermint oil. Those containing carbon, hydrogen and
nitrogen are known as nitrogenous oils and are formed by mere
maceration with water, e.g., oil of bitter almond, oil of peach kernel}
&c. Those containing carbon, hydrogen and sulphur are known as
sulphuretted oils. They are pungent and disagreeable in odour and

48 MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

taste, e.g.y oil of mustard and oil of garlic. In the case of mustard,
the oil does not exist in the plant, but is formed by the action of
water upon its constituent principles. ( See Index.)

Fixed Oils. — They exist both in plants and in animals as fats.
They are compound bodies containing the radicle glyceryl in combi-
nation with anhydrides of fatty acids as oleic, palmitic and stearic.
They are drying, greasy or solid oils. They are composed of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. Fixed oils are found in the fat or adipose
tissue of animals and in the seeds and fruits of plants. They are
pale, yellow liquids, taste oleaginous and insipid, of neutral reaction,
and leaving a permanent stain. They are insoluble in water. With
hot water and an alkali their glyceryl is converted into glycerine, and
the alkali combines with fatty acids to form soaps. Cod liver oil
when mixed with an alkaline solution yields oxide of propyl and fatty
acids, but no glycerine. ( See Index.)

Paste. — A term loosely applied to paints as also to solid powders
to be applied to the skin moistened with water or mixed with some
excipient. They act locally, some are escharotics, others astringents
and some soothing. Among the natives paste is largely used, eg.,
Vienna Paste, chunam and honey, &c.

Pastilli— Pastils . — These are lozengelike pieces specially adapted
for the throat and mouth medication. They are very agreeable and
pleasant to the taste, and gelatinous in their nature. ( See Index.)

Perles. — These are preparations of volatile liquids contained in
a capsule of gelatine. They are of the shape of pearls and used medi-
cinally for internal administration. ( See Index.)

Pencils or Crayons-— Are cylinders made of wax mixed with
medicated substances. They are hard and resisting. They are
inserted into a cavity and allowed to dissolve in it. The substances
used are — Nitrate of silver, Sulphate of zinc, Tannin, &c.

Pigments or Paints. — These are also external applications for
inflamed joints, skin diseases and for the throat. They are applied
by means of a camel’s hair brush. ( See Index.)

Pilulse — Pills. — Ver. Vati (Hind.) ; Goli ( Guz. and Mar.).
These are small spherical or oval masses of the size and shape of
green peas, containing one or more drugs held together by a sticky
substance called excipient, very portable and easily swallowed whole.
They serve as convenient modes of administering drugs, especially
the alkaloids and other active substances which have to be given in

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

49

minute doses and which are of a nauseous character. They should
not be very hard, as they are liable to pass through the body un-
changed, nor so soft as to lose their shape. There are many and
various excipients used for pill-making, such as alcohol, glucose, soft
extracts, glycerine, honey, syrup, bread crumb, butter of cocao, gum,
gum resin, kaolin, liquorice, confection of roses, soap, starch, &c.
Most of these are indiscriminately used, but certain drugs require
particular excipients, e.g. — Aloes require soap ; Calcium sulphide —
liquorice root and gum tragacanth ; Camphor — glycerine of traga-
canth ; Carbolic acid and croton oil, bread crumb ; Creosote and
ferrous-iodide — powdered liquorice ; Copaiba — magnesium carbonate ;
Ferrous sulphate — myrrh and syrup ; Gallic acid — glycerine ; Nitrate
of silver — kaolin ; Pancreatin and aloes — keratin.

In order to prevent them sticking one with another after they have
been completely rolled into spherical masses, they are coated with
certain absorbent powders known as conspergatives, such as French
chalk, magnesia, sugar, powdered liquorice, lycopodium, talc, althaea,
rice flour, &c. Sometimes wTith the same object the pills are coated
with a film of silver or gold. The silvering of the pills is not now so
much in vogue as formerly, as gelatine-coated pills are coming more
and more into fashion. In these the drugs are simply encased in
a shell of gelatine and they are very convenient. Again, pills are
sometimes varnished with sandarach, mastiche, tolu, &c.; but by this
process the size of the pills is inconveniently increased, and hence this
mode is rarely resorted to. They are also coated with a layer of sugar.

In India, owing to the damp climate, sugar-coating is not much in
favour. Sugar-coating, no doubt, is elegant and the pills keep well;
but they sometimes pass unchanged through the body.

In gelatine-coated pills, the coating is extremely thin. The pill is
preserved better than by any other method of coating, but it is liable
to become damp.

Piagets. — These are small masses of cotton, sponge or other soft
and porous material, moistened with or soaked in a medicated fluid,
and applied to the inner walls of a cavity. ( See Index.)

Plaster Mulls. — A kind of dressing consisting of a fine sheet of
gutta-percha, coated on one side with an adhesive medicine and on
the other with muslin or mull. ( See Index.)

Powders. — Ver. Fakze (Guz.) ; Churan (Sans.) — “ Chur an” to crush
or break into fine pieces. These are drag or drugs in a state of fine
powder and thoroughly mixed. Generally these powders are of an

7

50

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES.

insoluble nature. Some substances are not capable of fine pulveriza-
tion unless some hard and inert substance has been added to aid
the process, such as sulphate of potash for opium, a drop of spirit
for camphor, &c. ( See Index.)

Soloids. — These are preparations similar to tabloids, but for ex-
ternal use only. They contain fixed or known quantities of the drug
or drugs, and are very handy and convenient for preparing solutions
of known strengths. They are also useful in preparing test solutions
of re-agents necessary for chemical test for the analyses of water or
urine in which the quantity of the re-agent in relation to the substance
to be tested is so important. They are portable and reliable anti-
septics, astringents, &c. ( See Index.)

Spirits. — These are preparations of spirit containing in solution
volatile medicinal substances. They are either simply dissolved or
prepared by maceration or distillation.

Among the natives there are certain alcoholic preparations known
as asva and arishta (Sans.) which are similar to the above, These
are prepared by adding honey or molasses (jaggary) to various
medicinal substances reduced to a coarse powder, the whole being
next mixed with wrater and allowed to ferment for some time, e.g. — -
Kumari asava, Drakhsha asava, Loha asava, Kulah asava, &c.

( See Index.)

Suppositoria—Suppositories and Pessus— Pessaries.— These

are solid medicinal preparations containing alkaloids, extracts, or
metallic salts. They have a local action when introduced into the
vagina, urethra or rectum. They are prepared by intimately mixing
the drug or drugs together with an excipient as gelatin, glycerine,
cocao butter, bees wax, gum, hard soap, or starch, &c.

Some suppositories are known as torpedoes. They are gene-
rally prepared of certain weights. The mass is either poured into
suitable moulds or rolled into convenient shapes — cone-shaped for the
rectum, pencil-shaped for the urethra, and globular for the vagina.
The heat of the parts melts the excipient, setting free the drugs, which
produce the desired effects. Those for the vagina are called pes-
saries. Those for the rectum are called suppositories. ( See Index.)

Thimble pessaries are hollow at the base to allow the end of
the finger to go in, and are, therefore, easy of introduction, e.g.' —
Quinine, cocaine, &c.

Syrupi — Syrups.- — Ver. Sharbdt (Hind.) ; — “ Sharhit ” a drink or
beverage.

MODE OF PREPARATION AND ITS USES. 5*

It is a concentrated solution of sugar dissolved by heat when it is
called simple syrup. Whenever it is added to some medicine, or some
medicine is digested in it, it is called medicated syrup. (See Index.)

SllCCUS or Juices. — These are liquids obtained by expression of a
part or the whole of plants and preserved with alcohol. (See Index.)

Tablets or Tabloids. — These are preparations for internal or
hypodermic use containing one or more drugs in powdered form,
compressed into the shape of tablets. The advantages of these
preparations are that they are convenient, portable, and reliable as
regards dosage and purity when prepared by well-known firms.
For hypodermic use this is the only convenient way in which drugs
which require to be administered in minute doses can be dispensed
or carried by the physician. (See Index.)

Tincturse — Tinctures. — Ver. Arak (Hind.) Solutions of non-
volatile constituents of a drug or drugs in alcohol or alcohol and
water. They differ from spirits in the fact that the drugs for the pre-
paration of tinctures are generally of a non-volatile character and pre-
pared by dilution, maceration, percolation or solution. (See Index.)

Ethereal Tinctures. — They are similar to the Tinctures except
that they contain pure ether as the menstruum instead of spirit.
Ethereal tinctures are mostly intended to be applied to the skin, as
they are superior to spirit tinctures in that they evaporate rapidly and
penetrate the skin, and have a solvent action on the sebaceous
secretions of the skin, e.g. — Tinctura belladonnae aetherea ; tinctura
capsici aetherea ; tinctura iodi aetherea ; tinctura menthol aetherea.

Arak includes a large number of native preparations. Of which
some are of the nature of tinctures, others of extract, and the rest of
volatile oils. (See Index.)

Trochisci, troches, Lozenges. — These preparations contain one
or more drugs compressed into lozenge, disk, or some other elegant
forms, and intended to be kept in-the mouth to be dissolved, with a
« view to allow the active ingredients to act topically on the mucous
membrane of the mouth, throat, &c. They are prepared with such
excipients as sugar, mucilage, &c. (See Index.)

Unguenta— Ointments. — These are semisolid preparations for
external use, containing various medicinal substances dissolved in,
mixed or in chemical combination with fats, fixed oils, petroleum
or wax. (See Index.)

Vini — Wines. — These are preparations similar to tinctures, with
the difference that instead of proof or rectified spirits they are made
with wines. Index.)

ORGANIC DRUGS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN,

Various substances derived from the animal kingdom are in use as
medicinal agents. Of late, this group has received considerable
additions, and at no distant date will this kingdom supply a very
large number of useful drugs. Various glands and organs of the
body in their raw state have already obtained a recognised place as
useful remedial agents. Besides, Serotherapy is destined to revolu-
tionize Materia Medica. In the following pages are treated the
principal animal products used as medicines in the Western Science,,
and an effort has been made to treat at length medicinal substances
derived from this kingdom which are used by the natives..

The agents so used include —

1. Whole animals as Leech, Coccus, Cantharis, &c.

2. Animal products, tissues and secretions,

e.g., eggs, isinglass, musk, pepsin, oxgall, &c.

3. Calcareous skeletons and concretions,

e.g.y coral, bone, &c.

It may be mentioned that in several cases the value of the reme-
dies of the latter class is questionable, whereas in a few cases it is>
merely fanciful.

Animal Kingdom is divided into two grand divisions — Verte-
brata and Invertebrata.

Vertebrata is sub-divided- into 1— mammalia,. 2 — aves or birds,,
and 3, — pisces or fishes.

Mammalia. — It is the most highly developed class among the
vertebrata, and the animals belonging to it have a spinal column..
They breathe by lungs, and are warm-blooded ; but the chief pecu-
liarity is that they all suckle their young ones through mammary
glands having nipples.

The class Mammalia is sub-divided into several orders—

1 Ruminantm, 2 Pachydermata,, and 3 Cetacea.

■RUM IN AN T7 A ,

53

RUMINANTIA.

These are ruminating animals which chew the cud, and include
'horned cattle, as the deer, the sheep, the cow, the camel, &c. They
are hoofed quadrupeds with cloven feet and having a stomach with
four divisions. The food having passed through the first two com-
partments is ground and rolled into a ball (cud) which is again
brought up into the mouth to be further chewed. It is then passed
into the 3rd and 4th compartments for final disposal.

Moschus moschiferus. B. P. — The musk animal. Moschus, Sans
Mushka, testicle Orig, a little mouse. Moschiferus, from Moschus
Musk and ferre to bear. Musk-producing animal.

Habitat . — China, Russia, Assam, Central Asia and pine forests
and the inaccessible cliffs of the Himalayas.

Parts used . — The dried secretion from the preputial follicles — Mos-
chus, Musk, B. P.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Mishk , Mushk ; Burm. — Kado ; Ben g.-^Kas-
turi ; Can. — Kasturi ; Cing. — Urula , Kasturi ; Guz. — Kasturi ; Hind —
Kasturi ; Malay.— Jabat, Kasturi; Pers. — Mishk, Mushk; Sans. —
Mragnabhi , Kasturi / Tarn. — Kasturi ; Tel.* — Kasturi ; Duk. — Mushk ;
M ar. — Kasturi.

Musk is generally found embedded in a round or oval reddish
sac or pouch, about two inches in diameter, having the upper surface
flat with smooth membrane, the under-surface convex and covered
with stiff, greyish hair, arranged concentrically, which surround
an opening near the centre of the sac. The animal on an average
yields 2 to 4 drachms of the secretion. Canton musk is an artificial
preparation of oil of amber and nitric acid.

Characters. — In the living animal the musk has the consistence
•of honey, and is of a brownish-red colour. Commercial musk is
almost solid, in irregular reddish-black or brown grains, and slightly
unctuous to the touch. Genuine musk is only the inspissated and
dried secretion from the male preputial follicles of the animal, the
odour is very strong, diffusible and peculiar ; taste bitter and aroma-
tic ; soluble in alcohol (about 10 per cent.), in water 50 per cent., also
in ether and alkalies. The watery solution is faintly acid. When
Tubbed on paper, it gives a yellow stain, leaving no residue. When
burnt, it gives off urinous smell, leaving greyish ash about 8 per cent

54

kuminantia*

The smell entirely disappears when triturated with Camphor, &rgoi$
Fennel , Garlic , Hydrocyanic Acid or oily seeds, or when long- dried
over the fumes of sulphuric acid. The odour returns on exposure to
the air and moisture. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Constituents. —Ammonia, olein, cholesterine, fat, wax, gelatinous
matter, albuminous principles and ash. The ash is composed
chiefly of the chlorides of potassium, sodium and lime.

It is used as enema, emulsion, suppositories and pills*

Preparations Tincture (1 to io)> Dose— J to 1 dr.

Physiological action. — A diffusible stimulant, anodyne, antispasmodic'
and aphrodisiac. It supports the action of the heart, exhilerates the'
mind, and stimulates the brain, spinal cord and the peripheral nerves.
It improves the circulation, and raises arterial tension. As a sti*
mulant of the urinogenital organs, it is believed to increase the
Sexual desire. It is eliminated in the urine, sweat and milk.
Therapeutics. — As a diffusible stimulant, it is used in various adyrtamid
fevers, as typhoid, typhus and typho^remittent fevers and in all
typhose conditions. Under its use the patient gets refreshing sleep.
As art antispasmodic, like asafetida, camphor, ammonia, &c.,
it is given in hysteria, colic, chorea, whooping cough, asthma,
laryngismus stridulus, &c. As an aphrodisiac it is given in combi-
nation with other aphrodisiacs in seminal weakness and impotence.

Castor Fibre, the Beaver.

Parts used. — The dried preputial follicles and their concrete secre-
tion— Castoreum,

Habitat. — Canada, Russia, America and Siberia,

Vernacular. -—Eng. — Castofeum, Castor ; Arab. — Ashbutchegan ,

Zabad / Guz. — Zande-bidastara ; Hind.-*— Gotidbadustar^ Jund / Malays
— Jab at ; Pers. — Kufidbadastar , Khayahe-sage-abi ; l'am. — Kasturi
munai ; Duk. — Jun, Gavad ; Tel. — Zundn, Nefu , Kukka bejam /
Sans. — Gherida ; Malay.— Alu Beeyurh.

Castoreum. —These are found in pairs, fig-shaped, about 3 inches
long, firm, heavy and of a greyish-black colour, and contain the
concrete secretion. The secretion is also found in the two sacs
situated near the anus*

RUMINANTtA,

55

Characters. — When fresh, the secretion is of a flesh colour. After
drying it becomes reddish-brown or black. It has a pungent odour
of cat’s urine. The taste is acrid and bitter. It is sparingly soluble
in rectified spirit (i in 3), and in ether. The solution is of a brown
colour, and becomes turbid on the addition of water. Dose — 5 to
10 grs.

Constituents . — ^Volatile oil, having carbolic acid 1 to 2 per cent. ;
acrid bitter resin 15 to 58 per cent. ; crystalline substances, such
as castorin, cholesterin and salicin.

Preparation. — Tincture (10 per cent.). Dose — to 1 dr.

Physiological action. — Mild stimulant, antispasmodic and emmerta-
gogue. It is a stimulant of the exhausted nervous system. Thera -
peutics . — As an antispasmodic it is useful in hysteria, epilepsy,
asthma, muscular tremors, tympanitis. It has a specific influence
over the uterus, and is given as an emmenagogue in amenorrhoea
and dysmenorrhcea. It is weaker in action than musk, valerian,
camphor, ether or ammonia.

Viverra Civetta and V. Zibetha.

Parts used. — “•Unctuous secretion*— Ghanda Marjora.

Habitat. — Malabar, Africa and S. Asia.

Eng. — Civet cat. Zibeth cat.

Vernacular. — Arab. — -Gatt ; Beng. — Katas Mach^bhondar Bagdos ;
Bomb. — Ladana ; Sans. — Ghanda Marjora ; Tam. — Saivaduponi.

Ghanda Marjora. — “ Gandha,” smell, and “ Marjora,” a cat.
The produce obtained from the cat has the odour resembling
amber.

The secretion collects in a shallow pouch situated between the
anus and the genital organs. This pouch communicates with two
small sacs, the inner surface of which is pierced with several small
apertures communicating with the glandular secreting follicles.

Characters. — An unctuous secretion. When fresh, it is semi-
fluid and of a yellow colour ; after a time it soon becomes hard,
lumpy and of a dark colour. In appearance it resembles Berberis
extract. The odour is ammoniacal like that of rotten pomegranate
grains or of Gurako, a preparation of tobacco. The taste is
pungent. A spurious variety, known as “ Amber-no-katchro,” is
an adulterated preparation containing amber dust mixed with small
hair, fibres and pieces of wood and ammonia. Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

56

RUMINANTIA.

Constituents. — Free ammonia, rcsm, fat, extractive matter and
volatile oils, to which its odoriferous properties are due.

Preparation. — Extract. Dose — 2 to 5 grs. and liniment.

Actions and uses. — Stimulant, aphrodisiac and antispasmodic given
in hysteria and nervous exhaustion. The natives mainly use it for
perfumery.

CervuS Elaphus. — C. aristotelis, C. equinus.

Parts used. — The horn.

Habitat. — India, Sumatra and Java.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Stag horn ; Guz. — Sambar singdun ; Hind. — -
Bara singha ; Sans. — Mrag shrihga ; Beng. — Ghous or Gaoj, Bhalouje
(female); Can. — Kadavi , Rad aba ; Mar. — Meru ; Tel. — Kannadi ;
Pers. — Marat, Gookorh.

Characters.' — The horn consists of three anterior antlers which are
curved upwards and shed annually. It is*heavy, of a light dark-
brown or a pale-yeUow colour, generally marked with longitudinal
ridges which are irregularly tuberculated. On section it is porous,
hard in the centre and compact at the margin. It smells, when
fresh, like burnt sugar.

Preparations. — Sambersing bhashma (ash), Jame’s powder and
sambersing paste.

Sabarsing Bhasm. — Roast the horn in an open fire for a long
time, when it becomes fragile, and then powder. Another method —
Soak its pieces in the milky juice of Calotropis gigantea for some
time and then roast, or boil the soaked pieces in water, when jelly
separates, and incinerate the clean bones which gives pure calcium
phosphate. Dose— 5 to 15 grs.

Jame’s powder may be obtained by mixing the bhasm with
sulphuret of antimony and subjecting the mixture to white heat.
This will yield antimony oxide and calcium phosphate!

Sambarsing paste. — A thick liquid cream. To obtain it, rub the
stag horn on a piece of stone, pouring hot water over it from time to
time.

Constituents. — It consists mainly cf calcium phosphate.

Physiological action.' — Locally, astringent and sedative. Internally
a nervine and blood tonic. The bhasm (ash) is used to improve

RUMINANTIA.

57

nutrition and nerve function. Therapeutics. — The paste is applied in
combination with ammonia, brandy, eau de cologne, &c., to sprains,
contusions, cracks and fissures, to the forehead in headache and
to relieve itching in chronic skin diseases ; also to orchitis and other
enlarged glands. Internally, as a tonic, the bhasm is given with
honey in cough, asthma, consumption, enlarged glands, and in
seminal debility.

Cervus Dama. — Kng. — Deer horn. Sans. — Haransing, Mriga
sringa, used for similar purposes like stag horn.

Ovis Aries. — The sheep, B. P.

Habitat. — All parts of the globe.

Three medicinal preparations are obtained from the sheep : — Sevum
Praeparatum, Prepared Suet B. P. (Mutton suet), Adeps Lanse
Hydrosus B. P. and Adeps Lanae, B. P.

Sevum Praeparatum, Prepared Suet, B. P. — The internal fat
of the abdomen of the sheep, chiefly from round the kidneys.

To prepare it, cut the fat in thin pieces, melt, strain and purify
or boil in water, and collect the floating fat.

Vernacular. — Arab — Samin , Shahin ; Beng. — Charbhi , Chiknci ;
Can — Kobbu ; Duk. — Charbi ; Hind. — Charbi ; Pers. — Paiyah ;

Tam.- — Koshuppu ; Tel. — Kavvu ; Guz. — Charbi .

Characters. — A white, smooth, solid, unctuous mass, harder than
lard, of a bland taste, almost without any odour, becoming
rancid by keeping. It melts between 1120 F. and 120° F. Soluble
in other 60 parts, benzol 2 parts and in boiling alcohol ; insoluble
in water and cold alcohol ; freely soluble in petroleum spirit.

Constituents. — Stearin palmitin and olein ; salts of oleic, margaric
and stearic acids, with a common base glycerin ; also a trace of herein,
some colouring matter and odorous principles.

Used as cerates, ointments, plasters and liniments.

Preparations. Unguentum hydrargyri. Sapo animalis B. P., or curd
soap. This soap is obtained from sodium hydroxide and purified animal
fat. It consists principally of stearin and 30 per cent, of water.

Actions and uses. — Emollient, used as dressing for blisters,
and as a protective for excoriated surfaces, chapped hands, cracks,
fissures, & c.

8

5«

RUMINANTIA.

Adeps Lanse, B. P., or Adeps Lanae Anhydrosus.— Anhydrous
wool fat.

Lana u \Vool. ” — It is a purified cholesterin — fat of sheep’s wool ?
also found in human skin, hair, feathers of fowls and various parts
of other animals.

Preparatioii. — Soak the wool in a weak solution of soda, dissolve
the creamy mixture *or emulsion in alcohol, ether or benzin, put this
mass into a centrifugal machine, and separate the upper layer of
cholesterin — fat from the lower one which contains impure fatty
acids. Treat the upper layer with chloride of calcium which forms
crude lanolin and calcium soap, wash repeatedly, and dissolve in
acetone, when lanolin will separate.

Characters . — A yellowish, unctuous, tenacious substance, without
any odour.

Adeps Lanae Hydrosus, B, P. — Hydrous wool fat.

Syn. Lanolin, Lanolinum, Agnin.

Lanoleum. — Lana wool, and oleum oil. The oil in the wool.

Preparations . — Melt anhydrous wool fat 7, mix with water 3, and*
strain. It contains 50 per cent, of lanolin by weight.

Characters. — Lanolin is a neutral base, a yellowish-white, unctuous
mass of a sharp peculiar odour. It does not become rancid, and is
not miscible with glycerin, but miscible with water. If heated, the
watery portion separates from an upper oily layer. It is partially
soluble in alcohol. Ether and chloroform dissolve only the fat it
contains.

Constituents. — Cholesterine, palmitic, stearic, oleic, valerianic acid’s
and ash.

Physiological action. — Emollient ; it has a great affinity for
the skin, and is readily absorbed. Therapeutics. — A good

application for excoriation of the mouth, nose, anus, & c. ; also»
for burns and scalds. Mixed with cocaine (4 per cent.) it is used in
chronic skin diseases, as eczema, &c. It is an ideal ointment
base more quickly absorbed by the skin than any other fat. It helps
absorption of narcotic extracts, quinine, chaulmugra oil, iodine,
and potassium iodide. Under its use iodine is found in the urine in
three minutes. It is more readily absorbed in children than in
adults. A good application with chrysarobin in ringworm, pso=
riasis, tinea, &c.

RUM IN ANTI A,

59

Bos Taurus. — The ox and the cow.

Habitat . — All parts of the globe.

Vernacular. — Beng.— Van-go; Burm. — Pyoung ; Can. — Kar-kona ;
Hind.— 'Bail; Mar. — * Bail ; Tam. — Mar ; Arab. — Bakara ; Guz.—
Balad .

The animal is large, long and high, head low, neck and legs short,
hoofs broad, horns unbranched, tail tufted at the end, teats inguinal.
Different parts of this animal are used in medicine.

Sevum Bovirium, Beef Tallow. — It is the internal fat of Bos

taurus , similar to suet, but has a different odour and contains more
palmitin, but no herein. It is sometimes used as an ingredient in the
preparation of emplastrum cantharides and unguentum hydrargyri
instead of prepared suet.

Cardine — An extract from the heart of bovine animals, in the form
of a dark-brown, desiccated powder. Dose — 3 to 5 grs.

Actions and uses . — A cardiac tonic, and given in nervous debility
anaemia, &c.

Nutritive Meat Preparations. — Beef has a very high nutritive
Value. It contains albuminoids 20, fat 3, extractive i£, salts ij,
water 74, creatin a trace.

Extract of Meat. — Extractum carnis and Liquor carnis.

To prepare it, concentrate the aqueous solution of meat. It con-
tains very little albuminous principles or gelatin. It consists chiefly
of creatine, Creatinin, globulin, urea, alkaline salts, &c.

A dark or reddish-brown, dried extract; taste and odour like that of
flesh. Soluble in water (1 in 60), more soluble in albuminoids, in
salines and in dilute acetic acid.

Used as a nerveine tonic and stimulant and as a flavouring agent
in soups.

Essence of Beef. — Exhaust beef with tepid water. It occurs as a
soft, transparent, amber-coloured jelly. Agreeable to the delicate
stomach and useful in allaying obstinate vomiting.

Peptonised Meat. — To prepare it digest minced meat with pepsin
and hydrochloric acid for several hours ; then neutralize with soda
and strain.

6o

■RUMINANTIA.

Beef peptonoid is peptonised meat mixed with milk and wheat
gluten.

Meat Juices, Liquor Carnis. — Bovril, Bovinine, &c. These are
uncooked, pressed juice of meat, concentrated and preserved by the
addition of carbohydrates. A reddish liquid of a sweet taste. Hot
water coagulates the albumen in them. Dose — a tea-spoonful.

Vinum Carnis (i in 2) of wine.

Carni Ferrin. — A compound preparation obtained from meat
extract or from whey and iron phosphate ; it does not decompose,
A tasteless powder ; it is readily absorbed, and easily assimilated.
It mixes with acid and alkaline solutions. Dose — 3 to 8 grs.

Caeingen. — An ox beef powder. It is very readily assimilated and
Is nutritive and invigorating ; given to invalids and to patients with
weak digestion.

Creatine. — Methyl-guanido-acetic acid occurring in flesh. Highly
nutritive and readily assimilated. Dose — 1^ grs.

Somatose. — A nutrient, dry, light yellow granular meat powder,
without any odour or taste, readily soluble in water, milk, soup,
coffee, cocoa, &c.

It contains 80 percent, of albuminoid principles of meat, nitrogenous
compounds, components of the muscular tissue in the form of casein,
creatine and albumose In a highly soluble form. Dose — a teaspoon-
ful. Greatly assists lactation.

Iron Somatose— Ferro Somatose. — A combination of albumin-
ous substance of meat with iron. A tasteless brown powder. Freely
soluble in water, containing 4^5 per cent, of ferric oxide combined
with albumose. Dose 75 to 150 grs.

Milk Somatose or Lacto Somatose. — It contains albumoses of
milk combined with 5 per cent, of tannic acid and desiccated. It is
freely soluble in water. Dose 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls.

Physiological action. — These meat preparations are nutritive, slightly
astringent and non-irritant, and contain a large amount of nitrogen-
ous material, iron and its salts, and carbohydrates as fat. They
contain an easily soluble albumen. They create appetite like pep-
tones, increase the production of the gastric juice, and assist in the
building up of the tissues. They do not contains starch or sugar.
Therapeutics . — Meat preparations are very convenient for the sick-
room, generally given to invalids, being readily absorbed. Liquor
carnis is peculiarly rich in albuminoids, whereas essence of meat

RUM IN ANTI A.

6l

contains the least amount of albuminous constituents, but it contains
a large quantity of salts and flavouring matter. Its nutritive value is
small, but is a good stimulant. These meat preparations are
given in tuberculosis, during convalescence from acute diseases, in
vomiting of pregnancy, in diseases of the stomach and of the intes-
tinal tract, also in fevers, influenza, chlorosis, diabetes, dysentery and
rickets. As a galactagogue they are very useful.

Creatine is a cardiac and gastric restorative, also a nervo-muscular
excitant ; given in atony of the stomach and for general debility.
Somatose and its preparations are gastric tonic and true nutrients ;
given to invalids during convalescence from acute diseases. Iron
somatose does not cause gastric disturbance or constipation. Milk
somatose is astringent and non-irritant and therefore good for

children.

Fel Bovis — Fresh ox gall.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Safraul-bagaz ; Duk. — Bail-ka-pit ; Hind. —
Bail-ka-sbfra ; Pers. — Zabrahe-gav.

Characters . — Fresh ox bile which is secreted by the liver and
collected in the gall-bladder, is a dark or yellowish-green, viscid liquid
of a peculiar unpleasant odour, and having a partly sweet and partly
bitter taste. It is neutral or faintly alkaline in reaction, soluble in
water and alcohol.

Fel bovinum purificatum. — Fel tauri depuratum.

Vernacular . — Eng.* — Purified ox bile. Arab. — Hajr-ul-bahr ; Beng.

— Gairoon ; Burm. — Goyazin ; Can. — Gar 6 chana ; Sing. — Visagul ~
Duk. — Gorochana,Gazroon ;Guz. — Guruchandan ; Hind. — Zeharmohrar
Garochana ; Malay. — Galiga , Manlika ; Mar. — Gaorochan ; Pers. — Pad
Zehare Havani , Pao Zehar ; Sans. — Gorochanam ; Tam. — Goto janai ?
Tel. — Goro janam ; Kani . Gerudapalsarai.

Gaurochan is derived from “ Gao,” a cow,, and “ rochana,” a
digestive fluid or juice.

Pao Zehar. — “ Pao,” to purify, and a zehar,” a poison.

To prepare it, take fresh ox gall, evaporate to one-third, add alcohol.
Filter, distil off and evaporate until it acquires a suitable consistence,
for making pills. It is a yellowish-green substance, having a
disagreeable and bitter taste. The smell is that of dried bile.
Soluble in water and alcohol. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Bezoar. — Serpent stone. True Bezoar is said to be a concretion
found in the stomach and in the gall bladder of an ox or cow, and

RUM IN ANTI A,

62

occurs as light and yellowish or green solid or spherical concretions,
resembling pieces of rhubarb. On section it has a laminated structure,
and it throws off a thin, small, scaly crust when a hot needle is thrust
anto it. In hot water it remains unchanged. Rubbed on chalk, the
trace left is yellow ; on quicklime it is green. In native practice it is
highly prized and extensively used. Dose — J to J gr.

Artificial Bezoar. — It is an artificially prepared substance made up
of ox gall mixed with hair, wood, magnesia, phosphate of lime,
pipe-clay, &c.

Constituents . — Fresh bile contains water 80 or 90 per cent., solids
10 per cent. The solids include bilirubin or cholepyrrhin and other
colouring matters, cholesterin, lecithin, sodium salts of glycocholic
and taurocholic acids, mucilage and salts. These acids when boiled
with alkalies yield glycocoll and taurin.

Uses . — Used as paste, powder, medicated oil, capsules and pills*
The medicated oil contains ox gall, olive oil, and spirit of cam-
phor.

Physiological action. — Ox gall is stomachic, tonic, cholagogue, lax-
ative, vermifuge and antiseptic. It assists in the emulsification of fats
and in increasing the absorbent powers of the mucous membranes.
In the stomach it neutralizes the acid gastric juice and precipitates
pepsin.

Therapeutics. — As a laxative it is given in intestinal disorders with
deficient secretion of bile and with pale-coloured and foetid stools;
also given in dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice ; tabes mesenterica,
epilepsy, delirium and in diabetes. Locally it is applied to bring about
resolution of glandular enlargements, as hypertrophied mammae,
enlarged tonsils, &c. It is also applied to sprains, chronic rheumatic
joints, and is dropped into the ear to remove accumulated wax. In
India it is extensively used in capillary bronchitis and in chronic
fevers with Picorrhiza kurroa.

Milk. — A fresh secretion from the mammary glands of females,
cows, she-goats, she-asses, she-camels and mares. It is used both
as a nutrient and medicine.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Halib; Labban ; Chin. — Niuju; Hind. — Dudh;
Malay. — (labour). Susu , Ayarsusu ; Maleal. — Music; Pers.* — Shir;
Port. — Leite ; Shingh, — Ellakerrie ; Tam. — Pal, Palu / Tel. — Pal, Palu ;
Guz. — Dudh .

RUMINANTIA.

63

The vernacular expressions for the milk of different animals
above named are formed by prefixing the names of the animals to
the respective vernacular names of the milk.

Labban or Labbun means a milk-seller. The term is used as a mark
of disgrace. In their own community the Arabs never sell milk, but
will always give it gratis or in exchange for milk. This sentiment
therefore recognises the traveller’s or guest’s right to call for milk
and take it gratis. Camel’s milk is used in Asia, and mare’s milk by
the Moguls. They extract from it a fermented liquid called koumiss.
Koumiss contains solid matter 17 per cent., sugar of milk 8 per cent.,
and is very liable to undergo alcoholic fermentation.

Characters . — Milk is an opaque, white, emulsive fluid. Taste sweet
and bland ; odour faint and peculiar ; kept for a long time, it fer-
ments. When milk is allowed to stand for some hours, a scum forms
on the surface in the form of cream, which, when churned, separates
into butter and butter-milk.

Constituents. — Milk contains all the elements necessary for the
growth and nutrition of bones, nerves, muscles and other tissues.
It is composed of a clear liquid and numerous globules of fatty matter
floating in it. It contains caseine, the chief albuminoid constituent ;
butter, fat, a kind of sugar known as sugar of milk, various salts,
other solid matters and water..

The constituents of milk vary according to the animal and the kind
of food it takes.

Cow’s Milk contains albuminoids 4 per cent., fat 4 per cent., sugar
5 per cent., salts 1^ per cent., water 85^ per cent. Buffalo’s milk is
richer than the cow’s, and yields more butter. Ass’s Milk contains
less of salts and fat and more of sugar. Human Milk contains more
of fat and less of salts.

Condensed Milk. — To prepare it, add sugar and an alkali to fresh
cow’s milk, and evaporate it in a vacuum till it becomes thick. When
reduced to a fine powder, it is known as Desiccated milk.

Peptonised or Predigested Milk, — Heat milk with water (2 to 1)
to a temperature of 140° F. and add to it, when cool, peptonizing
powder or sodium bicarbonate 10 grs. and liquor pancreatis 2 drs.
in one pint, and boil the product.

Artificial Human Milk, — Add to fresh milk y?> pint, the cream
removed from other milk ^ pint after standing for 1.2 hours.

64

RUM IN ANTI A.

Curdle what is left which is skimmed milk with rennet for a few
minutes, then separate the whey. The whey thus left is heated to
boiling point and casein is removed. To this add milk sugar no
grs. and mix it with milk § pint, containing the cream of the other
J pint. It should be used within few hours.

Plasmon. — A pure soluble milk proteid, prepared by separating
caseine of milk, and leaving the albumen unaltered.

Characters. — A colourless, white powder, containing 92 per cent,
of proteids. It is without any odour or taste. It is soluble in soup
and milk. In water the powder swells up to a gelatinous mass which
dissolves as more water is added.

Constituents . — Albumen, phosphates of ammonium, sodium and
potassium and a small quantity of common salt.

Cheese. — Principally consists of casein, an albuminoid consti-
tuent of the milk. To prepare it, coagulate cow’s milk by means of
rennet or an acid or with yeast — a product of the fermentation of
malt liuqor — and after separation submit it to pressure. Like
albumen, it is not coagulated by heat, but is precipitated by acids.
It contains albuminoids, fat, salts, other non-nitrogenous matter and
water.

Eucasein. — A caseine ammonium compound. It is milk caseine
in a soluble and easily digestible form, prepared solely from the pure
milk of the cow.

Characters. — A soluble powder, containing about 95 per cent, of
pure absorbable albumen ; without any odour or taste. Used as food
it is highly nutritive.

Butter — Butyrum. — Principal fatty matter of the milk.

Vernacular. — Hind.- — Karray Muska , Mackan ; Chin. — Neu-nai-yu ,
Su-yu ; Mar. — Makhan ; Mai.' — Maniksapi Mantega ; Tam. — Venne ;
Tel. — Venna ; Guz. — Makhan. Butter-milk. — Hind. — Dhai ; Tam.—
Moroo ; Tel. — Salta , Majiga .

Preparation. — Allow milk to stand, separate lighter matters sus-
pended in it. This is cream. Churn the cream, and it will separate
into butter and butter-milk.

Characters. — Butter is a soft, yellowish-white mass of fat globules
of a delicate and sweet odour, bland taste and neutral reaction.
Dose — 2 to 4 drs.

RUMINANTIA.

65

Constituents.— O lein 30 per cent., palmitin and stearin 68 per cent.,
glycerides of butyric, capronic, caprylic and caprinic acids 2 per cent.

Used as an ointment base and as food.

Ghee. — Clarified butter — obtained by boiling fresh butter and
removing the impurities which settle down. It is a clear amber-
coloured, granular fluid or semi-solid mass, having a peculiar agree-
able fatty odour and pleasant taste. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Saccharum Lactis— Milk Sugar, Lactose, B. P. — Milk sugar
is found in mammal’s milk. It is obtained from the whey of milk.
To prepare it add sulphuric acid to skimmed milk, evaporate
the resulting whey to of its original bulk, when a brown viscid
sweet product is obtained. Expose this to the air for one or two
days, when it crystallizes into bright yellow granules. This is
known as sugar sand ; decolorize this sand by charcoal.

Characters. — In greyish-white, hard, crystalline masses, yielding a
gritty white powder without any odour and faintly sweet taste.
Soluble in water (1 in 7), in boiling water (1 in 1), insoluble in
alcohol or ether. Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Milk contains about 5 per cent, of it. In pharmacy it is used for
triturating powders.

Kumyss, Kumiss — Cerevesia Lactis — A fermented liquor,
obtained from cow’s, mare’s or camel’s milk.

Preparation. — Add sugar of milk to fresh milk in an open vessel,
beat it till it ferments, or add some acid to fresh milk to assist lactic
acid fermentation. During fermentation, skim off caseine and butter,
and collect the fermented whey. It contains 1 to 3 per cent, of alcohol,
sugar, lactic acid, salts, carbonic acid and ether. Dose — 2 to 4
fluid ounces.

Physiological action. — Milk is demulcent, nutritive and restorative.
Exclusive milk diet, except for infants, leads in many cases to a coated
tongue, foul breath, and unpleasant taste in the mouth. The bowels
become constipated, but sometimes diarrhoea sets in, showing that
the milk is not digested. The body loses its weight, urine becomes
copious in quantity. The pulse is quickened and the arterial tension
lowered. It is a proper food for infants till the age of 8 months.
Therapeutics . — Given as the least irritating food in gastric disorders,
as dyspepsia, gastric catarrh, ulcer and cancer of the stomach ;
in chronic intestinal disorders, as diarrhoea and dysentery ; in

9

156

RUMINANT! A,

albuminuria, ascites, diabetes and typhoid and other acute fevers ;
also in cases of corrosive and other irritant poisoning. Ass’s milk is
extensively used as a remedy against cough, more especially when
occurring in children and in old people and in chronic bronchitis,
pertussis and consumption. Sometimes human milk has been recom-
mended to grown-up people suffering from chronic asthma and con-
sumption. Butter is demulcent. Given in irritation of the alimentary
canal, in albuminuria and in diabetes. Ghee is used as food and also
as an ointment base. It is locally anointed in irritability of the skin,
used as an inunction in wasting diseases, and also rubbed during
massage or for ordinary champooing. Plasmon is a valuable nutrient
and stimulant. It is easily digested and wholly assimilable and is
given in all wasting diseases. It is useful in dyspepsia, during
convalescence from acute and chronic diseases when the vitality
is impaired by long illness. It is very valuable in strumous and
tuberculous diathesis, in marasmus and in neurasthenia. Eucasein.
— It is very easily digestible, strengthening and nourishing, more
assimilable than meat. Given during convalescence from acute and
chronic diseases and to delicate children and others. Lactose is a
uterine stimulant, tonic and diuretic like glucose, saccharose, caffein
and theobromine ; it is given in cardiac and renal dropsy. As an
uterine stimulant it accelerates labour in child birth by restoring tone
to the uterine relaxed muscles ; also given in protracted labour after
the os has been fully dilated. Kumyss, — A dietetic, nourishing and
restorative agent, given in diabetes, in irritability of the stomach
and in obstinate vomiting.

Sanguis Bovinus. —Blood of the ox or cow.

Vernacular . — Arab. — Dam; Burm. — Thwe ; Hind. — Dhu ; Pers.—
Khun; Sans. — Rakta ; Mar. — Rakta ; T&m.-—Nethar, Niriti ; Tel.—
Rattamu, Rattam ; Guj. — Lohi.

Characters . — Blood is a red, opaque fluid of a peculiar odour. Sp,
gr. 1055. It consists of blood corpuscles floating in a fluid called
plasma. It coagulates on exposure to air, and separates into clot
and serum.

Constituents. — It contains water 78 per cent., albumen 7 per cent,,
fibrin 2 per cent., red corpuscles 13 per cent., and alkaline salts
1 per cent., as chlorides, phosphates and sulphates of calcium and
magnesium. The serum contains 10 per cent, of solids, of which
8 per cent, are albuminoids.

RUMINANTIA.

*1

Sanguis Bovinus Exsiccatus— Extractum Sanguinis— Pulvis
Sanguinis. — Desiccated blood ; defibrinated blood ; blood freed from
fibrin.

To obtain it, stir up the blood with a stick, when the fibrin adheres
to it. Evaporate the remaining fluid to dryness and powder. It
occurs in blackish-red scales, soluble in water. Used as an enema
(i to 8) of tepid water. Dose — io to 30 grs. Used as a restorative.

Sanguinol. — Defibrinated boiled down blood, mixed with haemo-
globin. It contains natural blood salts 46, oxyhaemoglobin 10,
peptonised muscle albumen 44.

Actions and uses. — Tonic and restorative, used especially in exces-
sive haemorrhages, extreme anaemia, in cases of collapse due to post-
partem haemorrhage, in accidental haemorrhage, and in cases due to
loss of blood during operations.

Haemol and Haemogallol. — Two products of the reduction of
Haematin or colouring matter of the blood by zinc and by pyrogallol,
respectively.

Characters. — A fine, blackish (Haemol) reddish-brown (Haemogallol)
powder, insoluble in the ordinary solvents, readily absorbed by the
organic compounds. It contains iron. Given in wafers, gelatine
capsules or chocolate pastilles. Dose — 2 to 8 grs.

Actions and uses. — A directly assimilable haematinic tonic, readily
converted into the colouring matter of the blood. It is given in
anaemia, chlorosis, scrofula, rickets, chronic nephritis, diabetes and in
convalescence from fevers, &c. It is given to debilitated people to
improve the composition of degenerated blood. In tuberculosis of the
lungs, combined with arsenic and strychnia it is given with benefit.

Haematogen. — A natural organic product. Exists as a purified and
concentrated Haemoglobin, flavoured with pure glycerine and Malaga
wine — 1 of glycerine to 5 of wine. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

A blood-former, rich in organically combined iron. It contains
perfectly pure Haemoglobin ; all the salts found in fresh blood ;
compounds of phosphorus, as phosphates of sodium and potassium in
their organic condition ; and serum, and its albuminous constituents
in a concentrated form. It is not predigested, hence used without
tendency to decomposition of the substances necessary for the build*
ing up of the tissues of the body.

68

PACHYDERMATAc

Haemoferrum.— A natural proteid compound of iron, prepared
from fresh bullock’s blood. Soluble in water and of a pleasant taste.
It is non-styptic, neutral and non-constipating.

Fermanglobin. — A neutral albuminate, prepared from blood. It
is Haemoglobin, combined with iron and manganese. Dose — *4 to
i dr.

Actions and uses. — Haemoglobin, Haematogen, Haemoferrum

and Fermanglobin are blood tonic, haematinic and restorative, also
nourishing and strengthening. Given in anaemia, chlorosis, neuras-
thenia, scrofula, rickets, wasting diseases of children, in chronic catarrh
of the stomach and bowels, and in convalescence from fevers and other
diseases. As a restorative, given in diseases of the lungs. Do not
cause constipation. Act better than peptonized preparations, cod-
liver oil, iodide of iron, &c.

Hsematin Albumen. — A blood food, containing dried albumen
with a large quantity of iron.

Characters. — A dark-brown powder, without any odour or taste.
Dose — i to 2 drachms. Used as tabloids, called Residuum Ru-
brum Tabloids/’

Actions and uses.— - A mild haematinic, digestive and assimilative,
well borne even by the most irritable stomach. It does not consti-
pate. Gives a reddish colour to the motions.

PACHYDERM ATA,

These are non-ruminant animals, having thick skin. They are
ungulate mammals or hoofed quadrupeds who do not chew the cud7
e.g., elephants, horses, swine, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, &c.

Proboscidea.—

Elaphas Indicus, E, Africanus. The elephant.

Parts used. — Teeth or tusks — ivory.

Habitat. — India, Burmah and Africa.

Vernacular . — Hind.-— Hathidant ; Cing, — Gallah ; Arab. — Sin-uU
fel ; Guz. — Hatlii-na-danta ; Malay. — Gading-danta, Beram-dant a /
Pers. — Dandan-i-fel ; Sans. — Hasthi-danta ; Tam. — Dant-ani ; Teh —
Dontyeni, Yenuga ; Burm. — Hsen.

Preparation. — Hathidant Bhasma obtained by calcination. Dose—

3 to g*s-

Actions and uses.— Astringent given in leucorrhoeay also in jaundice^

PACHYDERMATA.

69

Sus scrofa, B. P. Sus Indicus. — The hog.

Habitat . — All parts of the globe.

Vernacular. — Eng. — The Indian wild boar; Arab. — Khanzir ;

Beng. — Varaha ; Can. — Handi , Mikka, Jewadi ; Hind. — Jangli Soor ,
soor ; Malay. — Babiy Babi alas Babiutan ; Sans.— Varaha ; Tel. —
Pandi ; Guj. — Dookar.

Four important medicinal preparations are obtained from the
hog : —

1. Adeps (Lard), B. P. 2. Adeps Benzoatus, B. P.

3. Pancreatic enzymes, and 4. Pepsinum (Pepsin), B. P.

Adeps Lard, B. P. — Purified fat of the hog. To obtain it,
deprive the fresh fat of the abdomen of the pig, especially the fat
over the mesentery, omentum and kidneys, of blood and its external
membranes. Expose it to the air, then cut it into thin slices, beat it
in a mortar, and reduce it into a uniform mass. To purify the mass,
put it into a vessel surrounded by water and heat till the fat has
melted and separated from the membranous matter, and strain. To
remove the nauseous odour, add to every pound of lard, alum 15 grs.
and common salt 30 grs.

Characters. — It is a soft, white, unctuous mass of a faint odour, but
not rancid, and of a bland taste and neutral reaction. It forms a
clear liquid at a very high temperature. Dissolves entirely in ether,
benzin and bisulphide of carbon.

Constituents. — Olein 62 per cent, and palmitin, margarin and stearin
38 per cent.

Adeps Benzoatus, B. P. — Benzoated lard. It contains lard
incorporated in benzoin powder 3 per cent.

Preparations. — Ceratum. — Cerate contains lard and white wax (70
to 30).

Unguentum — Ointment. — Lard and yellow wax (80 to 20).

Oleum Adepis — Lard oil. — To obtain it, express the fixed oil from
lard at a low temperature, when the stearin is separated from the olein.

A colourless, pale-yellow, oily liquid, of a peculiar odour and bland
taste, often adulterated with cotton oil and paraffin oil. Sometimes
used as an ingredient in the preparation of Unguentum Hydrargyri
Nitratis. Used as emollient, mostly used as an ointment base.

PACHYDERMATA.

70

Acidurn stearicum .stearic acid— It is an organic acid existing as
glyceride in animal fats and oils.

Preparation.— Boil beef tallow with potassium or sodium carbonate
when sodium or potassium stearate (soap) is formed, and glycerin
is set free. To the soap add sulphuric or hydrochloric acid and water,
and apply heat when the fatty acids float on the surface of the liquid.

To purify the acids, add hot alcohol and allow it to cool when
stearic acid separates from oleic acid.

Characters . — It is a hard, white, glossy solid, without any odour
and taste, soluble in ether and in alcohol (1 in 45), and insoluble in
water.

Used as Glycerine suppositories, and in the preparation of stearates
of various metallic oxides, such as zinc, copper, &c.

Actions and zises. — Emollient used as a substitute for wax. Stear-
ates of zinc and copper are used as application in skin diseases.

Pancreatic enzymes. — Preparations containing the digestive
principles of the fresh pancreas of the pig.

Preparation . — Pancreatinum-Pancreatin, Macerate fresh pancreas,
in a weak solution of hydrochloric acid and add common salt, when
pancreatin is obtained.

Characters. — yellowish or greyish-white, impalpable, amorphous
powder, of a peculiar odour and meat-like taste ; soluble in water,
insoluble in alcohol. Rubbed with sugar of milk or mixed with
chloroform water, decomposition will be prevented. It digests
albuminoids, converts starch into sugar, and is rendered inert with
mineral acids. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Constituents .- — Pancreatic secretion is a combination of four distinct
enzymes or unorganized ferments. These act only in neutral or
alkaline solutions, and are destroyed by weak acids. These are —

Amylosin or Pancreatic diastase which converts starch into dex-
trine and sugar.

A Curdling Ferment which acts like rennet, and curdles the
caseine of milk.

Trypsin. — A Digestive Enzyme. It has powerful, peptonizing pro-
perties. It converts albumens into peptones in an alkaline or neutral
solution. Used as a spray in diptheritic croup.

Steapsin. — An emulsifying ferment. It emulsifies and partly
saponifies fats.

PACHYDERMATA.

71

Preparations . — Liquor Pancreatis, Pancreatic solution, B. P. — Treat
fresh pancreas of the pig with dilute spirit for seven days, and then filter.
Dose — i to 2 drs. Used with beef tea or gruel or as nutritive enemata.

Extractum Pancreatis or Zymine. It is used for peptonizing
Food, generally used mixed with sodium carbonate as powder, tablets
or tubes. Dose — 3 to 6 grs.

Pancreatine, a desiccated extract of pancreas^ Used with sodium
carbonate (4 to 1), to peptonize milk. Dose — 2 to 4 grs.

Pancreatic emulsion,- — Pancreatize lard, flavour it kwith oil of
cloves, and emulsify. Useful in wasting, diseases. Dose — 1 to

4 drs.

Peptonized Foods. — These include —

Peptonized milk. — See milk.

Peptonized gruel. — Boil any farinaceous article till it

becomes thick ; add liquor pancreatis 1 dr. to every pint while
still warm and again boil after two hours* By this method the starch
of the meal is converted into sugar, and the albuminoid matters*
peptonized.

Peptonized beef jelly. — It is an extract of beef, the fibrin of
which is converted into peptone by the pancreatic ferment. Dose —
i- dr.

Physiological action. — Pancreatin possesses digestive, solvent ancf
emulsifying properties. It curdles casein of milk, acts upon all kinds
of food. It converts albuminoids into peptones, converts starch into
dextrine and sugar, saponifies fats, and forms a perfect emulsion.
Pancreatic digestion is only an intestinal operation. In the
stomach the enzymes are destroyed by the acid juice. Pancreatin
acts energetically in neutral or alkaline solutions. Hence, when given
internally, it should be given in such form as to escape this destruc-
tive action in the stomach or to peptonize or predigest food before
administration. Therapeutics . — These preparations are extensively
used in dyspepsia, in weak digestion in the case of invalids, old per-
sons and infants, as well as in those prostrated by fever and other
exhausting diseases. Liquor pancreatis with sodium bicarbonate and
water is generally added to nutritive enema and to beef tea or gruel.
Trypsin is used as a spray in croup and diptheria.

Pancreatic emulsion supplies fat in an assimilable form. Undes
its- use dyspepsia disappears, and the body gains in weight.

PACHYDERMATA.

Pepsinum. Pepsin, B. P. — It is an enzyme obtained from the
mucous lining of the fresh and healthy stomach of the pig, sheep or
calf. The gastric secretion contains 2 ferments.

1. Pepsin. — It changes proteids as fibrin and albumen into soluble
peptones in the presence of an acid medium.

2. Curdling Ferment, — Like rennet, it curdles the casein of
milk. It is mostly contained in the preparation known as essence of
rennet.

To obtain pepsin, scrape the clean mucous coat of the stomach,
dry the viscid pulp, and powder.

Characters. — It is a yellowish-brown or a greyish-white powder or
pale-yellow, translucent grains or scales of a disagreeable odour and
saline taste. Free from any trace of putrescence, and liable to absorb
moisture from the air. Dose — 5 to 10 grs. Various processes are
employed, each producing pepsin of different digestive strengths.

Boudault Pepsin. — To prepare it add acetate of lead to the
viscid pulp, pass sulphuretted Hydrogen over it to remove the lead.
To the solution add a few drops of lactic acid and evaporate to the
consistence of gum ; finally add dry starch and reduce it to a fine
powder. A fine white or light yellowish brown amorphous powder
or yellowish translucent scales or grains of a faint saline, but not
unpleasant odour and acidulous or saline taste. It has acid reaction,
soluble in wine. Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Pepsina Porci — This variety is prepared from the stomach of the
pig. Dose — 2 to 10 grs.

Lactopeptine. — A proprietary preparation containing sugar of milk
320, pepsin 64, pancreatin 58, vegetable ptyalin or diastase 4,
lactic acid 6, hydrochloric acid 6. One drachm will digest 8 ounces of
albumen, fibrin, casein, and gelatin. Dose — 10 to 15 grs., should be
given after meals.

Pepsinium Saccharatum (Saccharated Pepsin). — Pepsine mixed
with sugar of milk (1 in 9). One part digests 300 parts of egg albu-
men. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Glycerinum Pepsini. Glycerin of Pepsin, B. P. (1 in 12) — Glycerin
of pepsin contains pepsin, grs. 800, hydrochloric acid ms. no,
glycerine 12 fid. ozs. and water to make one pint. One drachm
contains 5 grs. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

PACHYDERMATA.

73

Peptenzyme . — An organic extractive. It contains active ferments
and undeveloped enzymes of all the digestive organs or glands in
their natural state. It digests all foods in acid, alkaline or neutral
menstruum. Used as elixir, tablets, powder, pills, ointments, &c.

Peptone. — It is prepared from the muscular tissue which chiefly
contains the proteids and albuminoids by subjecting it to artificial
digestion with pepsin or trypsin or peptonizing it by hydrochloric
acid and heat under pressure.

Characters. — A whitish or pale brown powder soluble in water.

Malto Pepsin. — A proprietary medicine, containing pepsin, malt
extract, pancreatin, calcium lacto phosphate, &c. Dose — io to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — A valuable ferment and solvent. Given to assist
gastric digestion especially in the atonic condition of the stomach.
In cases of asthma depending upon dyspepsia marked improve-
ment takes place by the administration of pepsin. It must be
given after meals and mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid. As
a dusting powder or ointment it may be used as a dressing for
sloughy ulcers. Glycerinum pepsini is used as a solvent for diph-
theritic membranes. To keep it well in a warm climate it is
mixed with sugar of milk or starch. Such pepsins have a lower
digestive power. It does not aid digestion of fats or carbo-
hydrates.

Ingluvin. — It is analogous to pepsin. It is prepared from the
gizzard of the domestic fowl (Pullus gallinaceus).

Characters. — A yellowish grey powder. It differs from pepsine
in that its efficacy is not destroyed by alkalies. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Digestive and solvent, used like pepsin ; some
prefer it to the latter drug. It is given in indigestion, obstinate
vomiting of pregnancy and sea sickness.

Cetacea. — Cetaceous Family. — These animals have a pelvis,
and hind limbs somewhat atrophied, body fish-like, with horizontal
tail or flukes, fore-limbs short like fins, neck short, some of the
cervical vertebrae anchylosed.

Physeter Macrocephalus. (The sperm whale) — B. P.

Physeter, a blow-pipe, a kind of whale- with a pair of bellows. The
*perm whale has a blow-hole near the edge of the snout.

PACHYDERM AT A,

Macrocephalus, macro long and cephalus a head. The animal has
a long head.

Sperm Whale is about 60 to 80 feet long with a very large head.
In front of the cranium, near the upper jaw, there is a large cavity
which contains a concrete fatty substance known as cetaceum or
spermaceti. It is mixed with sperm oil or oleum ceti.

Habitat.— Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean.

Part used. — Cetaceum, Spermaceti, Bfc P,

Ve macular. — C h i n - K i n gy u .

To obtain it expose the oily fluid to the air when it congeals into a
yellow mass ; drain it in suitable bags and press to remove the oil ;
melt the pressed cake in water, remove impurities, and the purified
residue is spermaceti or cetaceum.

Characters. — A white translucent unctuous mass of the consistence
of lard or white colourless inodorous scales of a crystalline fracture
or a concrete fatty substance of a pearly lustre. It is reducible
to powder by the aid of alcohol. Becomes rancid by exposure to
the air. Has a bland and creamy taste like that of very fresh butter
and neutral reaction. It is insoluble in water, soluble in fixed and
volatile oils, ether, chloroform and boiling rectified spirit.

Constituents. — It contains cetylic alcohol combined with palmitic
acid forming a fat cetin.

Preparations.' — Charta Epispastica. Unguentum Aqua Rosae, B. P.,
Unguentuns Capsici, B. P., Unguentum Cetacei, B. P. The last con4-
taining spermaceti 20, white bee’s wax 8, almond oil 72, benzoin 2.

Emulsio Cetacei — The emulsion is obtained by mixing spermaceti
with yolk of egg and almond oil or from its powder by rubbing
it down with alcohol or almond oil.

Actions and uses. — Cetaceum. As a demulcent it is given internally
in alvine and urinary irritations. As a base for ointments and cerates
and as an emollient dressing it is used for blistered or excoriated
surfaces and ulcers.

Ambra Grisea. — A morbid excretion found in the intestines or
cascum of the sperm whale.

AVES.

75

Vernacular . — Eng. — Ambergris ; Arab. — Amber ; Burm. — Payen -
anbhat ; Sing. — Mus Sumbra ; Guz. — Ambara ; Pers. — Sahabula ;
Tam. — Min Ambar ; Lat. — Ambra.

It is a morbid excretion in the form of a concrete mass found
floating on the Red Sea or cast on the shores of Africa. A single
whale’s excretion has been found to weigh 750 lbs.

Characters . — In irregular masses, seldom white, often darkish
brown or grey, or of a pink colour marked with streaks and spots.
The odour is peculiarly fragrant, resembling that of musk. It is
nearly tasteless. It melts in hot water, but not in cold ; soluble in
ether, fats, volatile oils and hot alcohol.

Constituents.— It contains ambrein 85 per cent., a little of balsamic
extractive and ash. Dose — 5 to 15 grs., used as confection.

Actions and uses. — Stimulant and antispasmodic ; used in general
weakness and nervous debility ; also given in high fevers with insensi-
bility or violent delirium, and in the collapse stage of cholera,
plague and other infectious diseases.

AVES.

Birds. — Among the vertebrata, birds rank next to Mammalia.
They have fixed lungs, a complete double circulation, hot blood,
heart with four chambers, oviparous reproductions consisting of eggs
formed of yolk and albumen and covered by a calcareous shell.
No teeth, with horny beak, two wings which are modified front limbs,
and two hind limbs which bear feathers.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Murgh, Tair, Burm. — Hnet ; Hind. — Chireah ,
Churi ; Malay. — Burtmg, Manuk > Paksi ; Pers. — Parinda ; Tam. —
Patche Kurvi\ Tel. — Pitta , Pitto ; Guz. — Panklieru.

This order includes domestic fowls, grouses, pheasants, quails,
partridges, turkeys, guineafowls, &c.

Gallinae. — Gallinaceous family.

Gallus Bankiva — Var. Domesticus. Domestic cock and hen.
Gallma. — A hen, a cock.

Parts used. — Yolk, albumen, and the calcareous shell of the hen’s

egg-

Habitat . — Domesticated in Java and Cochin-China ; all parts of the
globe.

Vernacular . — Arab. — Baiza Baida ; Beng. — Anda ; Can. — Matte
Tette , Gadda ; Eng. — Egg ; Guz. — Indu-Bediin ; Wnd.—Kaota, Unda ;
Tam. — Matt a ; Tel. — Gadda .

AVES.

76

Albumen ovi—

Eng-. — Egg. Albumen — white of egg ; Bomb. — Beda-ni saphedi ; Guz,
—Indani sapdeti.

Ovi vitellus. —

Eng-. — Yolk ; Guz. — Beda-ni dal.

Testa ovi. —

Eng. — The egg shell ; Guz. — Bedand kolaldn.

Characters. — Albumen. It is a colourless glairy viscid fluid with-
out any odour or taste. It is coagulated by heat. It clarifies
honey, syrup, &c. ; in weight it is about 5 drs. in one egg.
Vitellus — Yolk of egg is a dense viscid yellow or reddish yellow
opaque alkaline fluid. It consists of oil mixed with water and
albumen. It is contained in a sac or bag. It is without any odour,
and has a bland taste. Agitated with water, it forms a milky emul-
sion. It is coagulated by heat and by alcohol. Testa Ovi. — The egg
shell is a white, hard, fragile calcareous substance encasing the
white and the yolk.

Constituents. — Egg contains albuminous matter 55, fat 4.0 and
mineral matter 5. The white of egg contains water 82 to 85 p. c.
and solids 15 to 18 p. c., mostly albumen ; little mucus fat, sugar ;
extractive matter, ash 0*65 p. c., which consists of alkaline salts,
chiefly the chlorides of potassium and sodium and carbonates
sulphates and phosphates of calcium, magnesium and iron. The
yolk contains water 50 p. c., sulphur and phosphorus, vitelline 16 p. c.
(aproteid similar to caseine and mixed with albumen) ; fat, 30 p. c.,
inorganic salts, 1*5 p. c. ; traces of cholesterin, *5 p. c. ; coloring
matter, lactic acid, lecithin and sugar. Egg Shell contains calcium
carbonate 90 p. c., calcium and magnesium phosphates 2 p. c.,
traces of sulphur and iron, some organic matter 1 to 5 p. c., and
salts as the chlorides, iodides, sulphates, and phosphates of
potassium, calcium and magnesium.

Preparations. — Mistura spiritus vini Gallici, B. P., contains Brandy
4 ozs., Cinnaman water 4 ozs., refined sugar 4 drs., two yolks of eggs.
Dose — 1 to 2 ozs.

Glyceritum vitelli— Glycerin of Yolk of Eggs, Glyconin contains
yolk of egg 45 and glycerine 55.

A yellow oil (a native preparation). — To prepare it, boil the egg,
remove the white, rub the yolk with hot movara — a country

AYES.

77

liquor, or with spirit of wine or brandy, and remove the oily
substance which may float on the top. This is used as an embroca-
tion.

The Shell is used in the form of ash, which is prepared by incine-
ration of the shell.

Physiological action . — Emollient, demulcent, laxative and nutri-
tious. Egg- is a complete food. It contains all the elements
required by the blood. The white of egg is useful in cases of poi-
soning by corrosive sublimate, soluble salts of lead and zinc, creosote,
&c. In poisoning by other acrid metallic salts it acts mecha-
nically by enveloping the poisonous particles and also coating
the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines. Mixed
with hot brandy and alum its paste is used as an embrocation or lep
(plaster) in erysipelas. The yolk of egg is demulcent, more nutritious
than the white and, in large doses, laxative. Locally with lime or
mixed with hydrargyri nitrico oxidum it is used as a lep or plaster and
applied to plague and other buboes and to boils to promote suppura-
tion. As a restorative mixed with brandy it is given internally to the
weak and anaemic persons ; also used in dyspepsia ; used for emulsi-
fying oils oleo resins and resins.

The oil of yolk is used as an embrocation over chronically stiff
joints and as a dressing for burns, scald and abrasions, and as an
emollient in removing or softening desquamations of the skin in
fevers, &c., and in removing cerumen in the ear.

The ash is antacid and styptic, and used as a powder in
gravel and in cases of cancer. In the latter disease it pro-
motes calcarious degeneration and thus hardens the growth. As
a styptic it is made into a paste and applied to bleeding sur-
faces.

Birds of game. — By the Vaids and Hakims birds of game, such
as pigeons, sparrows, & c., are used as medicinal agents. In some
cases their soup is given to the weak, the exhausted, and the paralysed,
and also to the dyspeptics. Sometimes the whole pigeon is boiled
and applied hot over the affected paralysed limbs. Very often live
birds, such as fowls, are applied locally over poisoned wounds and
snake-bites. The anus of the bird is firmly pressed over the bites or
wounds, and, it is believed, the poison is sucked out as if by dry
cupping, and as many as half-a-dozen of these birds are used at one
time for the purpose ; as a rule, they all die.

PISCES*

7$

Pisces. — Fishes.

Vernacular .— Arab. — Samkat ; Burm. — An-gna ; Hind. — Matchhi \
Matchli ; Malay. — Ikan ; Pers. — Mdhi ; Tam. — Min ; Tel. — Chapit .
G uz. — Matchchli .

Characters. — Fishes are oviparous animals that have fins and
scales or plates. They breathe by gills, live in water, and swim
instead of walking or flying ; have a complete cranium and a lyriform
shoulder-girdle.

Sturiones— Sturionian Family—

Acipenser Huso and other sturgeons.

Acipenser. — From Aci a swift and pinna a wing or fin.

Huso — A bladder from Huyzen bias.

Isinglass or Ichthyocolla. — The swimming bladder is so called as
by its expansion and contraction these fishes swim. It contains
oxygen and nitrogen.

Habitat. — Coast of Europe, Caspian and Black Seas.

Parts used. — The swimming bladder or sound found in front of the
abdomen of several species of sturgeons prepared and cut into fine
shreds called Isinglass.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Gerius Sa?ndk ; Duk. — Lela machhi kd siras ;
Hind. — Machhi kd siras; Fers. — Serasham-e-Mahi ; Tam. — Min*
vajaram ; Tel. — Cheppa v ajar am ; Malay. — Palog pongikan> Ari-ikan.

Manufacture. — Collect, split open, and wash the membranous bag,
remove the outer coating by scraping, expose it to the air to dry, and
stretch into sheets. These are known as the leaf isinglass. If several
sheets are folded together, it is known as the book isinglass. Where
each bladder is folded up around pegs, it is called short or long
staple isinglass. It is generally cut into fine shreds or ribbons and
folded into bundles,

Characters. — Horny, semi-transparent rolls or sheets of a pearly-
white or yellowish colour without any odour or taste, nearly soluble
in boiling water and in boiling alcohol. An aqueous solution of i in
32 of boiling water forms on cooling a good, transparent, hard jelly.
With tannic acid it yields a yellow-white precipitate. Not so with
gallic acid. It is a constituent of animal tissue, chiefly of bones.
In composition it is similar to albumen.

Constituents. — Pure gelatin, an insoluble membrane 5 to 30 per
cent, and ash o‘5 per cent.

PISCES.

79

Preparation.— Emplastrum Ichthyocolla— Isinglass plaster or court
plaster. Contains isinglass io, alcohol 40, glycerin 1, and hot water
and then applied on one side of the cloth. Used also as jelly and

congee.

Actions and uses . — Nutritious, demulcent and emollient. Mixed
with starchy food and with soups, it is given in chronic diarrhoea in
children and for invalids. As an emollient, the plaster is used for cuts
and abrasions.

American isinglass obtained from Gadus merluccius. Hake-fish
and from Otolithus regalis, Weak-fish. Occurs in thin sheets or
ribbons.

Japanese or Chinese Isinglass, otherwise known as Agar Agar.—

A vegetable product obtained from Eucheuma spinosum, Gracilaria
lichenoides, and other algae.

Animal Gelatin.— It is obtained from gelatinous tissues, such as
skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilages of bones, &c. It is prepared by
boiling these tissues in water for some length of time and drying the
resulting jelly in the air in the form of translucent sheets, layers or
shreds.

Characters. — It forms colourless solution in hot water, without any
odour. Solidifies into a jelly on cooling. Is insoluble in alcohol or
ether. The solution in hot water is not precipitated by dilute mineral
acids, but is precipitated by tannin.

Constituents . — Carbon 50 per cent., nitrogen 18, hydrogen 7, oxygen
24, sulphur 0*5.

Used as calf’s feet jelly. It is a basis for suppositories, pessaries,
pills, lozenges, &c.

Chondrin. — It is obtained from the cartilages of the ribs and other
non-ossifying cartilages, and is analogous to gelatin. The watery
solution of its jelly is precipitated by alum, acetate of lead, ferric
salts, acetic and mineral acids, but not by tannin and mercuric
chloride. Used as emollient, nutritive and protective.

Teleosteae — Teleostean Family. — These fishes have a well-
ossified skeleton and fins. The brain is well developed, and the
backbone is composed of ossified vertebrae.

Gadus Morrhua, Common Cod-fish, B. P.—

Part used . — The fixed oil from the fresh liver. Oleum jecoris aselli

So

PISCES.

Cod liver oil — Oleum morrhuse, B.P.

Habitat. — Atlantic Ocean, Newfoundland, Norway, Nova Scotia;,
Britain, Ireland.

The vernacular expressions for the oil of different fishes are
formed by prefixing- the names of the fish to the respective verna-
cular name of the oil.

Heat fresh liver with water, separate the oil, strain, and collect
it in butts in a cool room. Next freeze the oil with ice, and express
or filter through canvas bags, thus separating the yellow residue,
stearine and liver debris.

Characters. — A pale yellow thin liquid ; odour repugnant and slightly
fishy ; taste nauseous or bland and fishy. Has a faintly acid reaction.
It becomes rancid by exposure to air. It is readily soluble in ether,
chloroform and carbon sulphide, slightly so in alcohol. With
alcohol it yields 3 to 6 per cent, of the extract known as morrhuol.
It is often adulterated with other fish oils, fixed oils, paraffine oil, &c.
Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Various substances are used to disguise the taste and smell of
the oil. These include oil of bitter almonds (1 in 25), porter, soup,
orange peel, common salt, &c., often salted herring is chewed before
and after taking it. To relieve nausea or vomiting, lime juice,
strong coffee, or powdered bismuth may be added.

Constituents. — Chiefly olein, margarine, and palmitin with stearin ;
fixed bases as aselline and morrhuine, two principles — gaduin and
trimethyl-amine ; volatile bases Butylamine, amylamine, morrhuic
acid, traces of chlorine, iodine and bromine, phosphorus, sulphur,
cholesterine, and a mixture of formic and butyric acids and various
biliary principles.

Morrhuine. — Constitutes J of the total alkaloids. The most import-
ant active principle of the oil.

Gaduin. — A peculiar substance, very insoluble in ordinary salvents,
but soluble in sulphuric ether, giving a blood-red colour to the
solution.

Preparations. — tremor eucalypti compositus, an emulsion (50 per
cent.) of codliver oil and 5 ms. of the oil of Eucalyptus for each
drachm. A very elegant form of administering cod liver oil. Highly
recommended in phthisis. Dose — 1 to 2 fid. drs.

PISCES.

8 1

Emulsio Olei Morrhuae. — It contains codliver oil 8 ozs., yolk of two
«ggs, tragacanth i6grs., elixir of saccharin i dr., tincture of benzoin i
dr., spirit of chloroform 4 drs., oil of bitter almonds 8 ms., and water
to make 16 ozs. Dose — 2 to 8 drs.

Emulsio Olei Morrhuae et Hypophosphitum. Dose— 2 to 8 drs.
Contains hypophosphites of sodium and calcium, 1 per cent, of
each.

Oleum Morrhuae cum ^Ethere — Codliver oil 2 drs., ether 10 ms.

Oleum Morrhuae cum Creosoto. — Contains 0*125 per cent, of
creosote with saccharin. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Oleum Morrhuae Phosphoratum, Phosphorated codliver oil. — Cod-
liver oil 20 ozs. and phosphorated oil 160 ms. Contains of a
grain of phosphorus in one drachm of the oil.

Morrhuol. — A bitter extractive. To obtain it, mix alcohol and
codliver oil, decant, and distil off the alcohol. It is am acrid, bitter,
aromatic liquid, containing phosphorus, bromine and iodine in
peculiar combination.

Used as capsules containing three grains in each. Dose 1 to 2
capsules.

Physiological action. — The oil is alterative, demulcent and
nutrient. It is the most easily digestible of the fats. It increases
the red-blood corpuscles in the blood, and promotes healthy cell
formation of tissues. Therapeutics . — Useful in scrofulous and tuber-
cular affections, tabes mesenterica and chronic hydrocephalus ; in
wasting diseases, such as rachitis, chronic phthisis, chronic
bronchitis and chronic rheumatism ; also in epilepsy, chorea, and
convalescence from acute diseases. Morrhuine is the appetizing or
digestive agent. It is. also a diaphoretic and diuretic. Morrhuol is
antitubercular, stimulant and diaphoretic. Being free from oily
matter, it does not derange the stomach ; under its use the appetite
improves. It allays cough, arrests night-sweats, and stops haemop-
tysis, and the body gains in weight.

Squalus Carcharias. — White Shark. Cyb-ium Commersonii,
“ The Seir fish,” and other varieties.

Habitat. — Sea coast towns of India.

Part used. — The oil extracted from the liver. Oleum squalae —
Shark liver oil.

Preparation. — Heat fresh livers with water, and extract the
oil.

11

82

PISCES.

Characters. — Fine, amber-coloured, oily liquid, with a fishy odour
and strong- disagreeable taste. Left for a time, it deposits a white
granular substance stearin, to which the name of squalin has been
applied. Dose — i to 4 drs.

Constituents. — It is richer in iodine and phosphorus than codliver
oil, but contains less bromine and sulphur.

Used as emulsion. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Actions and uses. — Nutrient, demulcent and alterative ; given in
cachexia, consumption, atrophy of body from any cause, whoop-
ing cough and other lung affections, and in chorea, epilepsy,
rheumatism, and leprosy.

Raja Batis.—

Habitat. — France, Belgium.

Part used. — The oil from the liver — Oleum Rajae. Ray oil, skate oil.

Characters. — A pale yellow viscid liquid, without any odour or of
a less disagreeable odour than that of the cod fish-oil or shark

oil.

I

Actiojzs and uses. — It contains more of iodine than codliver oil.
As an alterative tonic, it is used in scrofula, goitre and in syphilitic
cachexia, &c. Dose — J to 1 dr.

Thaleicthys Paceficus. — Candle fish. A small fish.

Part used. — The oil procured from the fish Oleum Eulachon.

Habitat. — British Columbia.

Verfiactdar . — India — Oolachon, Eulachon. Eng. — Eulachon oil.

Constituents. — It contains a large amount of pale straw-coloured oil,
a trace of iodine, and a large percentage of paraffin, to which it owes
its therapeutic value. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Actions and uses.- — It is used as a good substitute for codliver oil,
and given to promote nutrition in scrofulous and tuberculous affec-
tions.

Invertebrata. — These have no spinal column.

Insecta, Insects. — These are small animals that have one pair of
antennae, three pairs mouth org'ans. They breathe by means of
tracheae which open bv spiracles along the sides of the body ; they
are generally many-legged (myriapods) or six-legged (hexapods).

INSECT A.

S3

Hymenoptera. — These include insects such as bees, mosquitoes,
wasps and ants. These animals have membranous four wings, with
a dark spot on their front side. The tongue or lingua is converted
into an organ of sucking honey, liquid food, &c. They have
superior structural developments and instinctive faculties. They

are carriers of poison from one place to another, and introduce
it under the human skin by pricking it with mandibles.

Apis Mellifica, B. P. — The hive or the honey bee.

Habitat . — Most parts of the globe. There are 2 medicinal pro-
ducts prepared by the bee. These are — (1) honey, (2) wax.

Mel. — Honey. A saccharine secretion deposited by the insect
in the honeycomb.

Vernacular . — Eng. — Honey; Arab. — Injubin , Asatul-nahl ; Bur. —
Pya-ya ; Cing. — Mipanny ; Guz. — Madha ; Hind. — Sentee, Mad ha,
Shahad ; Malay. — Madu ayer , Maddu mamsan labah ; Pers. — Shahad,
Angabina ; Sans. — Madha; Tam. — Tayn , Teyna; Tel. — Tayus Teyna.

Honey is secreted by the nectaries of flowers, and is sucked there-
from by the bees and then stored up in the comb. The finest honey
is the virgin honey which drains itself from the comb. That which
is freshly procured from a hive is of the best quality.

Characters. — Honey when recently separated from the honeycomb
is a viscid, spmi-translucent liquid, of a reddish-brown, darkish, or a
light yellowish-brown colour, of a heavy aromatic or date-like odour
(odour dependent in part on the flowers from which it is obtained)
and of a sweet acrid taste. After a time it becomes opaque and
crystalline.

Constituents . — Grape sugar or dextrose which becomes crystalline ;
fruit sugar or levulose which remains liquid ; wax, volatile oil ;
proteidsr mucilage, colouring matter, formic acid and ash. Some-
times pollen grains are found suspended in honey.

Preparations. — Mel. Depuratum, B. P. — Clarified Honey.

Melt honey in a water bath, strain while hot through flannel. This
removes organic impurities which render the honey liable to decom-
position. It is a viscid, translucent, yellowish liquid, becoming
crystalline and opaque after a time. Odour peculiar. Taste
sweet.

Oxymel, B. P. — Contains acetic acid and clarified honey (1 to 8).
Pose — 1 to 2 fld. drs.

84

INSECTA.

Oxymel Scillae— Oxymel of Squill, B. P.— Contains squill, acetic
acid, clarified honey and water. Dose — to i dr.

Ceromel. — Contains clarified honey 4 ozs. and yellow wax 1 oz.
Mix with the aid of heat and strain.

Mel Boracis , B. P. — Borax 1, clarified honey 8, and glycerine

Confectio Piperis , B.P. — Confection of pepper. Contains black
pepper 2, caraway fruit 3, and clarified honey 15. Dose — 60 to 120
grs.

<0

Aqua Mellis — Honey ‘water . — Take yellow sandalwood shavings i6?
alcohol 640, macerate. Remove alcohol, add rose and orange flower
waters 160 of each, shake well, decant, and add to this the alcohol set
aside. To this mixture add oil of lavender 2, oil of cloves 2, oil of
bergamot 1, oil of nutmeg oil of sandal -J.

Confectio Scammonii and Confectio Terebenth inec.

Actions and uses. — Emollient, slightly laxative, and nutritive. As a
demulcent, honey and warm barley water are given in bronchial affec-
tions, troublesome coughs and sore throat ; often used as a flavouring
agent in cough mixtures. Externally it stimulates the mucous
surfaces, relieves dryness of the mouth, and facilitates swallow-
ing. A paste of it with wheat flour or with lime is used to promote
maturation of boils, carbuncles and buboes. It is a good emollient
application for cracks, fissures and sore nipples. As a mild counter-
irritant, honey and quick-lime are applied to the temples for head-
ache and to the painful joints. With alum it forms a good local
application for contusions. It is a nice vehicle for powders and
other nauseating medicines.

Cera Flava, Yellow bee’s wax, B. P.— A peculiar concrete
substance, obtained from the honeycomb of the hive bee.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Yellow wax ; Arab. — Shuma ; Guz. — Momaf
Mina ; Hind. — Pila, Moma; Pers. — Moma ; Sans. — Siktha , Madhujama ;
Burm. — irpa-roung ; Malay. — Lilin; C i n g, — Mieftie ; Tam. — Ten

Mazhacu , Mellugu ; Tel. — Mynum .

Wax exists in the pollen and leaves of many plants, chiefly the wax-
myrtle. It is extracted by the honey bee, and used in the construction
of the honey comb.

Manufacture. — Squeeze or press the comb when the honey is ex-
tracted. Melt it in hot water, remove the impurities, and allow it to
cool. Repeat this process several times, and then cast in moulds.

1NSECTA.

Characters. — A yellowish solid mass, harder than butter, breaking
With a granular fracture ; odour honeylike and agreeable ; taste faint
and balsamic. It is soluble in ether ( i in 50), chloroform ( 1 in 4 ),
and in boiling alcohol and various oils as oil of turpentine, <Sic. In-
soluble in water, very sparingly soluble in cold alcohol (3 percent.)
It is not unctuous to the touch.

Constituents . — Hydrocarbons 12 to r5 per cent*, cerolein, cerinor,
cerotic acid which crystallizes from boiling alcohol, myricin, or
myricyl palmitate, ceryl alcohol, &c.

Myricin is a principal constituent, and occurs in acicular crystals,
soluble in hot ether, almost insoluble in boiling alcohol. By the action
of potash it is converted into palmitic acid and myricil alcohol.

Preparations. — Unguentum Picis liquidae, B. P. Tar ointment — con-
tains tar and yellow bees-wax (5 to 2). Unguentum Resinae, B. P.,
contains resin, yellow wax, olive oil and lard. Unguentum Staphisa-
griae, B. P., contains stavesacre seeds 2, yellow wax 1, and benzoated
lard 8|. Emplastrum Picis, B. P., Pitch plaster, contains Burgundy
pitch 26, frankincense 13, resin 4^, yellow bees-wax 4^, olive oil 2,
water 2. Emplastrum Menthol, B. P., Menthol plaster, contains
menthol i-J, yellow bees-wax 1, and resin 7J. Emplastrum Calefaciens,
B. P., see Cantharidis. Emplastrum Cantharidis, see Cantharidis.
Phosphorus pills — see Phosphorus*

Cera Alba, B. P. — White wax.

Bleach the yellow wax by exposing it to light, air and moisture.

Characters . — It exists in circular, translucent cakes or masses harder,
and whiter than the yellow variety. It has an insipid taste and a
slightly rancid odour.

Preparations. — Unguentum simplex, white wax 2 ozs., benzoated
lard 3 ozs., almond oil 3 ozs., ceratum simplex contains white wax
30 per cent, ceratum camphorae 30 per cent., ceratum cetacei 30 per
cent., ceratum resinae 15 per cent,, ceratum cantharidis 18 per cent.

Unguentum, cetacei, spermaceti ointment, B. P. — Contains sper-
maceti 20, white bees-wax 8, almond oil 72, and benzoin powder 2.

Unguentum Aquae Rosae, B. P. — Rose-water ointment. — Contains
white bees-wax i£, rose water 7, spermaceti 1^, almond oil 9, and oil
of rose gV*

Mina tela. — Boil over a fire a mixture of yellow wax, common salt,
honey and sand, and filter and cool the filtrate.

86

INSECTA.

Characters. — It is an oily fluid, sometimes found as a solid mass ‘of
a brownish-dark colour.

Actio?is and uses. — Wax resists the action of many chemical
agents. It is non-irritating, emollient and demulcent, chiefly used
externally as an ointment base and in the preparation of plasters,
cerates, &c. The ointment is applied for ulcers. The min tel is
soothingand protective; largely used by the natives as a stimulant
application for indolent and other ulcers in the rectum, in diarrhoea
and dysentery, especially where ulcers are suspected to exist. It is
also used for painful rheumatic joints.

Hemiptera — Hemipterous family.

Hemipterous — -Half-winged ; Insects with fore-wings which are
partly membranous and partly coriaceous. They include bugs,
lice, &c.; they are hexapod, having a jointed proboscis and 4 sharp
stylets for sucking and piercing the human skin. They feed on
animal blood or on juice of plants.

Coccus Cacti. — Cachineal insect, B. P.

Coccus, a grain or berry or kernel. The insect resembles a grain.

Cacti, to feed upon cactus, a prickly plant. The insect feeds upon
a species of cactus.

Cochineal — Scarlet. The colour of the insect.

Parts used. — The dried bodies of the fecundated female insect reared
on Nopalea coccinellifera, Salm Dyck and on other species of Nopalea.

Habitat. — Mexico, Teneriffe.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Cochmeal insect ; Guz. — Kiramaja ; Pers. —
Kiramija\ danaha ; Tam. — Cochinil puchi ; TeL • — Cochinil purugu ;
Chin — Ya-lau-mi.

The dried insect is oval in outline, plano-convex, about 2 lines long,
transversely wrinkled, colour black, purple or greyish-white. Grey
colour is due to the presence of a white powder resembling fine wool.
It quickly becomes black when exposed to heat.

Manufacture. — Collect the insects from the branches of the cacti,
crush them, and immerse in boiling water. When dry, they can be
easily reduced to powrder. Dose — 1 to 10 grs.

Constituents. — Carmine or carminie acid 10 per cent., wax (coccerin)
fatty matter 18 per cent., moisture 6 per cent., salts, and ash 3 to 5 per
cent.

Carmine prepared from the insect occurs in the form of small
grains or as briflii it red powder, with a faint odour, a bitterish and

INSECTA.

87

Warm taste. It tinges the saliva violet red. It is soluble in water
and alcohol, sparingly so in ether, but entirely soluble in ammonia
water. It has acid properties, and hence called carminic acid
Used only as a colouring agent.

Wax (coccerin) forms a grey covering of cochineal.

Fat consists of myrestin, liquid fat and fatty acids.

Preparations. — Glycerinum Carmini, glycerine of carmine. Carmine
3, ammonia water 4, water 3. Dissolve and add glycerine 18.

Chloral Carmine. — Mix carmine 2, absolute alcohol 20, hydrochloric
acid 2. Apply heat, then add chloral hydrate 25. Cool and filter.

Liquor Carmini. — Solution of carmine (1 in 10).

Preparations of Cochineal. — -Liquor Cocci, Liquid cochineal. — Cochi-
neal 1, potassium carbonate 1, water 8. Heat it and add potassium
tartrate 1, potash alum 1. Strain and add water to make the whole
8. When cold, add chloroform ^ per cent, by volume.

Tinctura cocci, Tincture of Cochineal, B. P. (1 in 10). Dose — 5 to
15 ms. Tinctura cardamomi composita, B. P. Dose — \ to 1 dr.
Tinctura cinchonse composita, B. P. Dose — 30 to 60 ms.

Infulsum cocci (1 in 40). Dose — \ to 1 oz.

Actions and uses. — Stimulant, diuretic and antispasmodic. Used in
neuralgia, whooping cough, scanty urine, &c. Its chief use, however,
is as a colouring agent and for staining microscopic specimens.

Coleoptera. — Coleopterous family. Sheath-winged insects.

These are insects having a membranous posterior pair of wings,
sheathed by the hardened anterior pair called elytra. These when
folded together form a complete covering for the body. They include
beetles, weevils, &c. Guz. — Killan , yer.

Cantharis Vesicatoria, Cantharides, B. P.

Syn. Lytta, Spanish fly or Blistering fly , vesicatory beetle.

Parts used. — The w'hole dried beetle.

Habitat . — Russia, Sicily, Hungary.

This variety is not obtainable in India. The genus mylabris
cichorii is common in the Dekkan, and is substituted for the Spanish

fly.

The beetles swarm upon trees and shrubs of oleaceous or capri
foliaceous order, such as ash, white poplar, lilac, honeysuckle, elder,
&c. Persons, masked and gloved, collect them early in the morning,
by spreading pieces of cloth under the trees. They shake or beat
tne trees with poles, when the beetles fall upon the cloth, and are

INSECT A,

gathered. They are killed by plunging- them in hot water, in vinegar,
or in oil of turpentine, and dried in the sun.

Characters . — They are about one inch long and one-fourth of an
inch broad ; colour dark-brown or shining green ; have a strong and
disagreeable odour, resembling that of mice, and a burning taste.
The powder is greyish brown containing shining green particles.
Dose — Toth to -J- grain.

Constituents . — An active principle Cantharidin, fat, an odourous com-
pound, fatty and oily matters, various extractives, salts, and ash 6
to 8 per cent.

Cantharidin . — It is the blistering principle and resides in soft parts.
To obtain it, exhaust the powdered flies with chloroform, and evaporate
the solution. The colouring matter and fat adheres to the crystals,
which may be removed by adding carbon disulphide to the extract.
The cantharidin which remains may be redissolved in chloroform and
crystallized.

Characters . — White crystalline scales, sparingly soluble in Water,
soluble in acetone, alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, acetic ether,
glacial acetic acid, fats, and volatile oils.

Preparations — Linimentum Crinale . — To prepare it dissolve can-
tharidin i gr. in acetic ether 6 drs. by the aid of heat, and add
alcohol 3 ozs., castor oil i oz., and oil of lavender 15 ms.

Used in promoting the growth of hair.

Potassii Cantharidas. — Dissolve catharidin 10, potassium hydroxide
5^, and water 200 by heat, and allow it to crystallize on cooling.
In minute white needles, soluble in water (1 in 25). Used in lupus and
as a treatment of tuberculosis. Dose — 2I0 gr. to Tlo gr.

Preparations. — Acetum cantharidis, Vinegar of cantharides, B» P.
(1 in 10 of 50 p. c. of acetic acid).

Cantharides bruised 2 ozs., glacial acetic acid 2 fld. ozs., acetic acid
18 fld. ozs. It contains 2 ozs. to the pint.

Anodyne Vesican. — Mix camphor 20 and chloral hydrate 30. Apply
heat. To the melted mass add cantharides 10, and strain.

Collodium Vesican, Blistering collodion, B. P. — Contains pyroxilin
^ oz. and blistering liquid 20 fld. ozs.

Charta Epispastica, Blistering paper. — Paper spread with a com-
position of white wax 4 ozs., cantharides powder 1 oz., spermaceti i-£
oz., Canada balsam 2 drs., olive oil 2 fld. ozs. and resin 6 drs.

INSECT A.

89

Emplastrum Calefaciens, Warming' plaster, B. P. It contains
cantharides 4 ozs., yellow bee’s wax 4 ozs., resin 4 ozs., oil of
nutmeg 40ZS., resin plaster 52 ozs., soap plaster 32 ozs.

(1 in 24).

Emplastrum Cantharidies, Cantharides Plaster, B. P. — Cantharides
12 ozs., yellow wax ozs., lard 7^ ozs., resin 3 ozs., soap plaster 4
rOzs. (3i in 10).

Liquor Epispasticus, Blistering liquid, Linimentum Cantharides,
B. P— Cantharides 10 ozs., acetic ether a sufficient quantity to make
one pint of the liquid. Contains Cantharides 1 oz. in 2 fluid ounces.

Tinctura Cantharides, B. P. Tincture of Cantharides (1 in 80). Dose
— 5 to 15 ms.

Unguentum Cantharidis, Cantharides Ointment, B. P. (1 in 10), of
benzoated lard.

Physiological action. — Its action is chiefly directed to the bladder.
Locally rubefacient and vesicant. As blistering agent it stimulates
at first ; but, if kept too long, it depresses the system. The fluid
discharged is serum, containing albumen and blood. Internally in
small doses it is stimulant, diuretic, aphrodisiac, and emmene-
gogue. It stimulates the whole or part of the general system,
prevents accumulation of inflamed exudations, re-calls suppressed
discharges, and is dipletory. In large doses it is an acrid, irritant
poison, producing vomiting, bloody stools, scanty urine passed
with pain, swollen genitals, and great depression of spirits with
convulsions, coma and death. In pregnant women it leads to abor-
tion. Therapeutics. — Internally it is given in chronic vesical catarrh,
gleet, and seminal weakness ; as a sexual intoxicant to promote
virile powers, also in gonorrhoea, atony of the bladder, leucorrhoea,
menorrhagia and hectic fever ; in diabetes, dropsy and albimenuria.
Locally as a blister it is applied to the chest in pleurisy, pneumonia,
&c., to joints in acute rheumatism, in gleet under the penis, in
leucorrhoea over the sacrum. In typhoid fevers, in apoplectic
'Condition, in congestion of the brain and in meningitis over the nape
of the neck, and in inflammation of the eyes and in otorrhoea to
the back of the ear. It is also used in nervous and spinal affections,
in epilepsy, paralysis, in neuralgia such as sciatica, &c. ; also in
dropsical affections as hydrothorax and hydrocephalus. In arthritic
enlargements its action is marked ; as a hair lotion in alopecia
it is used with benefit. The stranguary resulting from the use of
a blister may be avoided by sprinkling the plaster before using it
with spirit of camphor or powdered camphor or sodium bicarbonate.

90

INSECTA.

To prolong the sore, apply Basilicon ointment (ceratum resinae)
to be followed by savine or mazerium ointment. Blistering fluid is
more powerful and more rapid in its effects than acetum cantharides*
The warm plaster is a stimulant application to indolent tumours,
enlarged glands, and to arthritic enlargements.

Mylabris Cichorii, M. Phalerata. — M. Trianthema, Chinese
blistering fly.

Habitat. — Throughout India, China, Southern Europe, South and
East of Asia.

Part used. — The dried insect.

Vernacular — Hind. — Teli makhi, Telini ; Chin. — Pan mau ; Duk. — -
Zerangi , Budhoki zerangi ; Tam. — Puist-tarmai ; Tel. — Ejaloo.

Characters. — The insect is about i in. long and \ in. broad.
The elytra or wing sheaths are long and faintly yellow, and have
three large zigzag black bands. It contains cantharidin i to 2 percent.

Preparations— Tincture (1 in 80). Dose 5 to 10 ms. Liquor (1 in
10 of acetic acid).

Actions and uses.' — ' The same as cantharis vesicatoria. As a
vesicant, it is very powerful and acts without pain and without irrita-
tion of the urinary organs.

Other blistering flies exist in many parts of India. In Central
India there has been found Lytta Violacea. In the Peninsula, Myla-
brispustulata, Mylabris Indica, &c.

Annulosa—

Annelida-Hirudinea. — Common Earth-worm.

Sanguisuga Medicinalis. — Speckled leech. S« Officinalis. — Green
leech. Hirudo. — Leeches, B. P.

Habitat. — Europe, South and East of Asia.

Parts used. — The live animal.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Aluk, Khirahin ; Beng. — Leeches ; Burin. — •
Him-yau, Miyon Minyon ; Can. — Jigani ; Cing. — Kudalla , Pudal ;

Duk.— Jonh ; Guz.— Jalo, Jaro\ Hind. — Jonk ; Malay. — Patchet , Lintah ;
Maleal. — Attah ; Pers. — Zaloka, Zelu ; Sans. — Jaluka ; Tam. — Attei ;
Tel. — Jerika, Jalagah , Attain.

Leeches are of both aquatic and terrestrial habits. Small and
middle-sized leeches are the best for medicinal use. They are found in

HIRUDIMEA.

91

a deaf shallow of deep pool of water containing water lilies and other
sweet smelling plants. They are collected on a piece of calico con-
taining some red clay ; they are generally kept in the roots of water
lilies. The body is elongated 2 or 3 ins. long, tapering at each end,
having a dish-like depression. It is marked with numerous stripes.
It is smooth, soft, round, flattened, plano-convex, and wrinkled trans-
versely. The back is of an olive green colour and marked with
6 rusty red longitudinal stripes dotted with black. Belly greenish-
yellow, and spotted or marked with a black line. In the centre
of the anterior disk is a small sucker surrounding the tri-radiate
jaws with 2 rows of teeth. The posterior end is terminated by a
large sucker. In the green leech the belly is olive green, but not
spotted.

Action and uses. — Antiphlogistic, used for the local abstraction
of blood. Depletion by leeches is analogous to the abstraction of
blood by venesection, by lancing or by moist cupping. The quantity
of blood drawn off by each Indian leech is about a drachm to a drachm
and a-half. Their antiphlogistic action is slow. They make a limited
or gradual local impression. They are used in acute inflammation
of the glands, as the mammae, parotid, &c., inflammation of the
serous membranes and in inflammation affecting the skin or
bones. They should never be used in affections of the scrotum
or eye-lids. In violent headache leeches are locally applied
to the temples with benefit. When leeches are scarce and it is
intended to abstract a large quantity of blood, the leeches may be
punctured with a needle just near the tail, while still sucking or when
nearly gorged with blood, when the blood is drained out of their body
and they begin to suck again. By a repetition of this process a still
larger quantity of blood may be drawn. To stop the bleeding continu-
ing after the removal of the leeches, various haemostatics are used, such
as burnt cotton, desiccated alum, tannin, turmeric, burnt rags, cob-
web, scraped lint, &c. In obstinate cases, solution of the perchloride
of iron is used with benefit. Even a very fine point of caustic nitrate
of silver is inserted into the wound, with benefit. Pressure by lint
and bandage has also been tried with success.

Actinozoa.

Polypiferous Animals — Zoophyte — Plant-like Animals.—

These are — Aquatic animals of the radiate kind, having a skeleton
and fleshy portion.

Oculina Virginea— White corals.

92

ACTINOZOA.

Corallium Rubrum.— Syn. Is is nobilis. Red coral. The red
colour is due to its containing iron.

Habitat. — Red Sea, Persian and Arabian Gulfs, Mediterranean,
Sumatra, Atlantic Ocean.

Part used. — The calcareous shell or skeleton.

Vernacular. — Arab — Bussud ; Burm. — Ky-a-ve-khet ; Cing. — Bubalo ;
Duk. — Gulli ; Guz. — Paravalu , Parvdla ; Hind. — Parvara, Mungd ;
Malay. — Poalam , Karang ; Pers. — Marjdn ; Sans. — Prabala, Birbat,
Vidruma ; Tam. — Pavalam ; Sing. — Bubalo ; Te 1 . - — Pagadam.

Characters. — An individual animal has a parasol-shaped cover for
the head ; arms furnished with 8 claws and extended as if in search
of food. The skeleton is made up of numerous small insects which
during life secrete a jelly-like cement mixed with carbonate of lime.
The calcareous skeleton is branched like a shrub. It is thin, hard,
cylindrical, slender and porous. The whole calcareous shell is of
various shapes and sizes. Some look like a small-branched shrub,
others like plants studded with flowers and leaves, others again like
a tree in autumn with bare leafless branches, some like leaves spread
out into fan-like flat broad surfaces. It is always found hanging like a
pendant upside down. Examined carefully, each branch is found to
be made up of animals, each having a tubelike aperture. Those
insects are the zoophyte. This skeleton was at one time considered
to be made up of marine plants covered with flowers instead of

animals.

Characters. — Coral is made up of numerous minute pieces. Each
piece is minutely and longitudinally furrowed. In smell it re-
sembles frankincense. It easily breaks with a crackling sound.

Constituents. — Animal or organic matter 8 percent., carbonate of
lime 83 per cent., magnesium carbonate 3*5 per cent., and oxide of
iron 4*5 per cent.

Preparation. — Parvala bhami 'coral ash\ — Soak coral for some
time in lime juice, put it in fire and calcine , finally, reduce to a fine
powder. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses.— Antacid, astringent and tonic. As a local astrin-
gent, it is used in the preparation of tooth powders. Its chief use
by the native hakims is in cough and as a nervine tonic. As an
antacid, it is given to check vomiting. It is also given in dyspepsia
and bilious headache.

SPONGIDA.

93

Another variety. — Vernacular. — Hind. — Bekhi paravala ; Guz. —
Paravala-7ii-jada. The skeleton.

Like true coral, it is made up of small, hollow, rounded and slender
articulated stems, with finer ramifications of homogenous threads of a
similiar product. It is greenish or reddish when fresh ; on exposure
to the air it becomes nearly white. Its actions and uses are similar
to those of Paravala.

Bone, Os. — The skeleton of vertebrate animals.

Vernacular. — Guz. — Haddi ; -Hind. — Haddi ; Malay. — Tulang ;

Pers. — Istakhan ; Sans. — Asl/u ; Tam. — Yellumbugall ; Tel. — Yemu -
kalu.

Characters . — Solid, white, smooth on the surface, texture laminated
porous internally, consists of cellular tissue, gelatinous matter inter-
woven with calcareous deposits chiefly of earth salts, as the calcium
phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, calcium fluoride,
sodium chloride, and traces of silica, manganese, &c.

It is insoluble in water, soluble in hydrochloric acid with effer-
vescence, leaving a gelatinous mass behind known as ossein. Ossein
yields gelatin when boiled with water. On dry distillation it yields
an animal oil known as Deppel’s oil. This oil contains pyrodine,
picoline, &c.

Used for preparing bone black (animal charcoal) and for manure.

Rhizopoda— spongida.

Spongia officinalis.—

Part used. — The fibrous frame work.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Isfa?ij, Isfanjah ; Burm. — Tsak-tsa-ya ; Chin.—
Hai-jung ; Hind. — Mua-badul ; Malay. — Bunga-karang ; Pers. — Abar-
murdah\ Guz. — Vadalun.

It is an animal, living in water, composed of amoebiform bodies,
having one or two breathing orifices. It is removed from its
attachment by hands or forks, then buried in sand for several days,
when the animal matter is disintegrated. It is next washed and
squeezed. Some are yellowish-brown, others pale white, being
bleached by sulphur dioxide, chlorine or sulphurous acid solution.

Constituents. — It contains spongin, sodium chloride, carbonate of
lime, magnesia, silica, iron, also sulphur, phosphorus, iodine, bro-
mine, potassium and ash 3 or 4 per cent. Used as sponge tents, pes-
saries, for absorbing liquids, cleaning, washing, dilating cavities, or
for supporting prolapsed parts.

94

MOLLUSCA.

Burnt Sponge . — Spongia Usta. — When roasted the residue left i&
mostly charcoal, with calcium sulphate, silica, oxide of iron, calcium
phosphate ; also magnesium carbonate, chloride of sodium, potassium,
iodide, some bromide, sodium iodide, &c.

Mollusca.— Mollusca proper.

Cephalopoda. — Order Dibranchiata.

Sepia Officinalis. — Cuttle-fish.

Habitat . — Mediterranean.

Parts used. — The calcareous substance under the skin of the back
of the cuttle-fish. Os sepiae.

Vernacular. — Chin. — Hai- pian-sin ; Eng. — Cuttle-fish bone ;• Guz. —
Samudra phina ; Hind. — Darya ka kaf ; Sans. — Samudra phina ;
Tam. — Kaddal noray ; Tel. — Sorupenha, Samudra punuragu.

Samudra phina. — The name is derived from samudra , “sea,” and
phina} “ foam.” Natives suppose it to be the dried foam of sea water.

Characters. — The fish is often found floating on water. It is 5 to
10 inches long and 1 to 3 inches wide. The skeleton is an oblong,
elliptical or oval flat calcareous substance of a whitish colour, very
hard and brittle. The inner surface is hard, tubercled, porous and
friable. The outer surface is smooth and hard, made up of thin flat
pieces about the size of hair in thickness, arranged one over the other
in a heap of layers, each layer being separated from the other by
longitudinal ridges. It can be easily scratched with the nails, and
is highly pulverisable.

Constituents. — Calcium carbonate 80 to 90 per cent, also phosphate
and sulphate with silica.

Preparation. — Samuder phin , powdered, is used as a dusting
powder or a paste. Dose — -5 to 10 grs.

Medicated oil.— To prepare it, boil the fine scrapings in sessamum
oil.

Actions and uses.— Antacid-like chalk ; also astringent and local
sedative. The powder is dusted into the ear to relieve the pain of
ear-ache or in otorrhoea. The paste is locally applied with limejuice
in itches and other skin diseases ; also with rose water to the body in
prickly heat. Powder is an ingredient in the preparation of tooth-
powders. The medicated oil is dropped into the ear in otorrhoea.

Lamelli branchiata.

MOLLUSCA.

95

Ostrea Edulis and Ostrea Virginiana.— Oyster,

Habitat . — Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts.

Part used. — Testa or oyster shell.

Vernacular. — Chin. — Hau ; Eng. — The common oyster shell , the
bivalve shell; French — Nacre; Portuguese — Os Iras ; Guz. — Kalu;
Hind. — Sip if Kalu ; Malay. — Teram.

Characters. — It is a shell with a small, hollow, ovate excavation, in
which the animal with a soft, fleshy, suborbicular body is enclosed.
The shell has a sort of hinge at one end and opens into two valves.
The one is shallow and the other deep. The deeper valve is found
adhering to the rock. The shell is very hard grey or dark-brown
externally and whitish within. Its external surface is rough and
marked with numerous lateral indurated and undulated streaks. The
inner surface is white, smooth and shining. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Constituents. — It contains calcium carbonate 85 to 95 per cent.,
phosphate and sulphate of calcium and magnesium, oxide of iron,
alumina and silica.

Used in the preparation of oyster shell ash ( Kalu bhasm ), the
inner layer being chiefly used in preparing the ash.

Actions and uses. — The ashes are antacid and alterative, and used
in cases of diarrhoea and chronic intestinal disorders. The animal is
supposed to possess aphrodisiac properties, and is therefore eaten
raw or cooked.

Mother-of-pearl is another species of mollusc, the shell of which is
used for the same purposes as oyster shell.

Gasteropoda. —Univalve or monovalve shell.

Cypraea Moneta—

Part used. — The protective covering.

Vernacidar. — Eng. — Porcelaneous shells, Cowry, Cowrie; Arab. —
Sadaf, Wuda ; Guz. — Codi ; Hind. — Cowri , Sipi ; Sans. — Varatika ,
Beya ; Beng. — Beya ; Pers. — Khar-mahra ; Cing. — Pingo ; Tam. —
Kavadi ; Tel. — Gawallu.

Characters. — Small, convolute, enamelled white or yellow glossy
shells. In size they vary from a tamarind seed to an almond. The
colour is variegated ; shape oblong, ovate or oval. Upper surface
is smooth, shining and convex. Base compressed with a cleft in the

g6

MOLLUSC A.

centre, which runs longitudinally. The margin of the cleft is serrated!
on one side and depressed on the other. They are called porcelane-
ous from their brittleness, translucence and friability.

Constituents . — Fresh shells consist of a cellular gelatinous
tissue filled with calcareous matter (earthy salts). They are insoluble
in water, but soluble in hydrochloric acid with effervescence. They,
contain calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phos-
phate, calcium fluoride, manganese, and sodium chloride.

Preparations. — Cowrie bhasm — Shell ash. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

A compound pill, Shula gaja kesari.

Shula means twisting pain or colic, gaja an elephant, and kesari a
lion (Shihhn), king of animals. It signifies pain or colic as strong as
elephant, to remove which the aid of lion, the king of animals, is
necessary.

Rj_ Monovalve shell purified j, Para kajali 1, borax 1, rock salt 1,
asafetida 1, carui seeds 1. Mix. Add the juice of chevica betel, and
make a pill mass. Dose — 3 to 5 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antacid, alterative and expectorant. The com-
pound pill is given in dyspepsia, intestinal colic, enlarged spleen,,
asthma and cough. The ash is given internally in scalding urine
and in gonorrhoea.

Conch—

Part used. — Shell.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Conch shell ; Duk. — Sukk ; Guz., — Sankha
Sans. — Shanklia , Shenkham ; Tam. — Sankha sangu ; Tel. — Senkham.

Characters. — Porcelaneous shell of an oblong or conical form. The
oblong variety is bulged in the middle and tapering at each end.
The conical variety is peculiar. The upper portion is like a cork-
screw, twisted and tapering at the end. The base is broad. The
interior is hollow. The surface is hard, of a dull white colour. The
upper surface is highly tubercled ; the under surface shining, very
brittle and translucent.

Preparations. — (1) Sankha (ash) bhashma , (2) a compound pill,

Sankhavati.

Sankhavati contains Sankha (ash) bhashma 40, tamarind seed ash
20, the five salts panchalavana 4, asafetida, ammonium chloride,,
pepper, carui, carraway, ginger, long pepper, each 4 parts, purified

MOLLUSCA.

97

mercury 2, aconite 2. Mix. Triturate the whole in the juice of lemons,
and make a pill mass. Dose — 3 to 5 grs.

Actions and uses .. — Antacid and alterative. The compound pill sankha-
vali is used in cases of dyspepsia and acid urine, as also in irri-
tability of the intestines, as in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, &c.

Reptilia. — Comprise Chenolia including Tortoise, &c. — Ophidia
including snakes, &c. ; Crocodilia — crocodiles, alligators, &c.; and
Lacertilia — lizard.

Lacerta Agilis, Sand Lizard.

Habitat. — South and East of Asia.

Part used. — The skeleton.

Vernacular. — Bomb. — Ghilodi ; Eng. — Sand lizard; Guz. — Sarado,
Kakida ; Pers. — Rege mahi.

Kakida means a sand fish with thorny spines.

Rege mahi , a sea fish with thorny spines.

The lizard has a head and four legs ; when dry, the skeletons appear
more like a fish without head and legs. It is of a light brown colour^
about 6 inches in length, and with darkish-brown reticulations un its
back.

Preparation. — Lizard ash or Bhasm. Dose — 5 to 8 grs.

Actions and uses. — Used by the natives as a nervine tonic, stimulant
and aphrodisiac, in general debility and seminal weakness^

Chenolia — Chelone Mydas and other Species. — Turtles.

Part used. — The oil.

Habitat . — Sea coast of Southern India and Gulf of Manar.

Vernacular.—- Hind. — Kachkra , Kachakru ; Malyal. — Liskt Kura -
kura, Sisikpaun , Kulitpaun ; Guz. — Kachbo.

Characters. — A pale yellow oily liquid of a fishy odour and some-
what disagreeable taste. Dose — 1 to 2 fid. drs.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, nutrient and demulcent. Chiefly
given in scrofula, rickets and pulmonary affections.

Meleagrina margaritifera— Avicula margaritifera.

»3

98

MOLLUSCA,

Mytilus margaritiferus.

Parts used. — Pearl.

Habitat. — Persian Gulf, Ceylon, Panama, Red Sea, Arabian coasts.

Vernacidar. — Arab. — Looloo, Lida; Chin. — Yang-chu ; Eng. — The
Pearl Oyster ; Guz. — Moti , Mutti ; Hind. — -Mott; Mar. — Moti ;

Malayal. — Motyay M utiyaralulu ; Pers. — Marwarid ; Sans. — Maracata ;
Shingh. — Muttiy Mootoo ; Tam. — Muttu ; Tel. — Mutiamu.

The pearl is found in general molluscs inhabiting shallow seas and
sand banks. It is nearly a semi-circular shell, greenish without, and
ornamented with the most beautiful nacre within. The nacre is
employed for trade purposes. Fine pearls are produced from the
extravasation of nacre.

Preparation. — Shell powder. Dose — \ to \ gr.

Actions and uses . — Stimulant, tonic and aphrodisiac. It is one of
the ingredients in numerous Indian prescriptions used for impotence,
heart-disease, consumption, &c.

Bombyx Mori, Bombyx Mylitta.

Parts used. — The skeleton (cocoon).

Habitat. — Siam, India, Persia and China.

Vernacidar. — Arab. — Abrasham ; Beng. — Pat ; Duk. — Reshm-ki

keeri ; Eng. — Domesticated silk-worm-moth ; Guz. — Resham-na-potan ;
Tam. — Putloo puchie ; Tel. — Pidtoo purughu, Narputtio.

Bombyx Mori are the worms which feed on the leaves of morus
(“ shetura ”). Those which feed on the leaves of Rhamnus jujuba
are known as Bombyx Mylitta.

•

Characters. — The cocoons or sacs are coverings spun or woven by a
group of silk moths during their metamorphosis. Each moth is
about an inch in length, \ inch in thickness, and of an oval shape.
The sac is covered externally with a yellowish fibrous silk, which has
only a small opening at the top. Internally the sac is light brown
and smooth, and contains dark-brown dried remains of a cater-
pillar.

Preparation. — Cocoon-ash. Dose — 3 to 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Styptic and tonic. As an astringent the ash is
used to check profuse menstruation, leucorrhoea and chronic diarrhcea.
It is generally given in combination with other astringents

INORGANIC DRUGS.

99

THE INORGANIC GROUP OF DRUGS.

These are derived from the mineral kingdom, and consist of various
elements and their compounds. They are otherwise known as
Metalloids and Metals.

Metalloids.

Oxygen. — Oxygen-acid producer. It is an element universally
diffused in nature and used in medicine. In combination with
hydrogen it forms water or hydrogen dioxide. With metals, as
antimony, barium, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, silver, zinc, &c.,
it forms metallic oxides. With ethyl it forms ethyl oxide or
absolute ether. It enters into the composition of most of the acids,
acid salts, many of the organic bases, and of several alkaloids.

Manufacture . — Obtained by heating potassium chlorate or manga-
nese dioxide, or both together, or obtained from the atmospheric air
by first dehydrating and decarbonizing it with quicklime. The oxy-
gen is then absorbed by caustic baryta forming barium peroxide. It
yields pure oxygen when heated at a lower temperature.

Characters. — A colourless gas, largely found in the atmospheric air,
in water, in the tissues of plants and animals, and in great part of the
earth. It is without any odour or taste ; can be liquefied by extreme
cold and pressure.

Preparations. — Ethyl-Oxide — Etherial oxygen, a mixture of oxygen,
with ether vapour.

Manufacture. — Produced by adding permanganate of potassium
8 grs. dissolved in one ounce of water to ozonic ether 2 ozs. in an
inhaler. As the liquids mix, oxygen and ether are given off and
inhaled.

Ozone. — A peculiar modification of oxygen in a condensed form.

Manufacture. — To prepare it, pass electric sparks through the air
or dissolve in water a mixture of manganese dioxide, potassium per-
manganate and oxalic acid.

Characters. — Found in the air (1 in 10,000), more abundant in the
open country than in the cities. Has peculiar odour.

Glycozone. — See Glycozone.

Sanitas. — See Sanitas.

Physiological action. — Oxygen is a Cardiac and respiratory stimulant.
It is essential to life. Nutrition, tissue changes, blood formation, all

IOQ

HYDROGEN.

require oxygen. Respiration cannot be performed without it. In ordi-
nary doses, if inhaled as a gas or drunk as aerated water for
a long time, it gives rise to a sense of heat in the mouth, along the
larynx, trachea and bronchi. It stimulates the mind, and increases
digestion, raises the heart beat and temperature, and produces in-
creased bodily activity. It is used to resuscitate individuals asphyxia-
ted by strangulation or drowning even after the artificial respiration has
failed. It is an efficient application to atonic, scrofulous and syphilitic
ulcers, and to gangrenous sores. In alopecia areata, its application
to the scalp by means of a rubber cap is of benefit. It is very useful
in respiratory diseases as asthma and whooping cough and in
cardiac dyspnoea and in uraemic coma, in diabetes, in nervous
diseases as tetanus, hydrophobia, goitre, epilepsy, eclampsia and in
anaemia from loss of blood or in protracted suppuration. Water
aerated with oxygen is drunk in diabetes and in dyspepsia.
Inhalation of oxygen in pneumonia is of great service. It relieves
dyspnoea. Ozone is antiseptic and disinfectant ; a powerful oxidyzing
agent. It reduces the frequency of the respiration and pulse. It
destroys low organisms, and decomposes blood. In small doses dilut-
ed with air it acts as a soporific. In large doses it acts as a powerful
irritant of the respiratory mucous membrane leading to acute catarrh.
Like oxygen it is used for inhalation.

Inhalation of ozone or ethereal oxygen is given in whooping cough,
asthma, phthisis, chlorosis, &c., also as an antidote for poisoning by
chloroform, ether, chloral and toxic gases ; and in poisoning by opium
and its alkaloids and by hydrocyanic acid.

Hydrogen.—

The lightest metalloid known. Not used in medicine. Useful as
an element forming hydrides.

Liquor Hydrogenii Peroxidi, B. P. — Solution of Hydrogen
Peroxide. Oxygenated water.

Manufacture. — Treat Barium Peroxide with dilute sulphuric acid,
when, as a product of decomposition, Barium sulphate and Peroxide
of Hydrogen are formed. On filtering, a clear solution is obtained.

It is also produced by naturally submitting to rapid oxidation
various essential oils, as oil of turpentine, eucalyptus, &c. It is an
active ingredient of the disinfectant known as sanitas.

OZONIC ETHER.

IOI

Characters. — A colourless slightly acid liquid without any odour,
but with slightly harsh bitter taste. It causes a soapy, frothy sensa-
tion in the mouth. It contains ten volumes of oxygen and about 3
per cent, of the pure dioxide. It effervesces and readily decomposes
by heat, agitation and exposure, and is converted into water and
oxygen. It decomposes when in contact with oxide of silver or with
oxide of manganese, and oxygen is liberated. Ether prevents this
decomposition, and hence it is used in the production of ozonic ether.
Dose — | to 2 drs. diluted with water.

Preparations. — Bactericides. — These are a series of liquid antiseptics,
composed of hydrogen peroxide 5 volumes as a basis with mercuric
bichloride 5 p.c. carbolic acid, sulphophenic acid, &c. These are used
as solution, injection or paint.

Ozonic Ether. — A solution of peroxide of hydrogen 30 volumes
strength in ether. It is miscible with water. Dose — -J to 1 fid. dr.

Preparations. — i^ntiseptic ointment — ozonized ointment. Contains
ozonic ether 4 drs., benzoic acid 20 grs., otto of roses 4 ms., and
lard ozs. 4. Mix to make ointment. -

Ozonic Toilet Vinegar. — A combination of ozonic ether with
vinegar.

Sodii Peroxidum. — A white amorphous powder ; very deliquescent.
Water, added to it, produces heat and oxygen.

Pyrozone. — Solutions of peroxide of hydrogen in water and ether
of various strengths.

An efficient oxidiser. Used internally or as an antiseptic accord-
ing to the strengths of solution. The strong solution is a caustic.

Physiological action. — The solution of hydrogen peroxide is
a powerful disinfectant, bleaching agent, antiseptic and an oxi-
dizer. It destroys pus by stimulating healthy granulations. As a
germicide, it destroys germs of infectious and other diseases, and acts
on organized ferments. It coagulates albumen, forming a thin
crust on a suppurating surface. Taken internally, it gives oxygen
to the blood, and supports digestion. TherapeiUics. — It is used
as a spray to the throat in whooping cough, chronic-bronchitis
and phthisis. As a disinfectant its paint or pigment is used in
membranous diphtheria, croup, and sore throat ; also to venereal
wounds and ulcers. As a douche or injection it is given in affections

102

AQUA.

of the mouth, catarrh of the nose and laryngitis, pharyngitis and
in ulcerated tonsils ; also in gonorrhoea and leucorrhcea. In sup-
purating buboes it is injected into the gland. In gastric fermentation
and in sarcinse it is given internally with benefit. The solution is
sometimes used as a wash for the stomach. It is used to disinfect
drinking water. As a stimulant it is given in diabetes, whooping
cough, typhoid fever, and in strumous diseases ; also in albuminuria
during pregnancy and in pneumonia.

Ozonic ether is an antiseptic and stimulant. It is given in diabetes
to oxidise the sugar. As an antiseptic wash it is used in otorrhoea
and other purulent discharges. The ozonic ointment is rubbed over
the body in scarlatina. The ozonic toilet vinegar is applied by
surgeons and accoucheurs to the hands before making post-mortem
examinations. It is also a powerful bleaching agent.

Aqua. — Hydrogen Monoxide-water,

Vernacular . — Arab. — Maa ; Beng. — Jal, Pdni ; Burm. — Yd; Chin.
— Yuh-yih , Shwui, Liu-shui ; Can. — Niru ; Cing. — * Vaturu ; Eng. —
Water ; Guz. — Pdni ; Hind. — Pani ; Mar. — Pdni; Malay. — Ayar ,
Ayar-iawar , Vellam ; Pers. — Ab ; Sans. — Jalam ; Tam. — Tanniy
Jalam nir ; TeX.-NUlit, Neru.

Natural water . Ordinary water — A fluid free from visible impurities.
It is without any colour, odour or taste. Has a neutral reaction.

Drinking water . — Ordinary water should be first boiled and then
used for drinking purposes.

Distilled water, Aqua Distiliata, B. P. — It scarcely leaves any
visible residue. It is a chemically pure water.

Medicinal waters. — Waters impregnated with one or more sub-
stances having medicinal properties. These substances may be
solids, liquids or gases. They are prepared in various ways, (i) A
whole plant or some particular part or different parts of it are boiled
in water and distilled over. (2) Volatile oils added to water and
distilled over. In some cases the oils are triturated with calcium
phosphate and then with water and filtered. (3) Alkaloids and metallic
salts are dissolved in cold or hot water.

Salutaris. — An aerated water. To prepare it water is first distilled.
A perfect solvent for absorbing and removing waste or poisonous
products in the body, very beneficial in kidney diseases, gout and
congested liver. In dyspepsia in children it is of great benefit.

faham Paul. — A household preparation among the natives of India.

AQUA.

103

J ham or Jhftin refers to the peculiar hissing sound produced when a
red-hot substance is plunged into water. To prepare it, plunge into
pure water a piece of iron or brick or tile first made red-hot. This
water is extensively used for appeasing thirst in fevers and for
relieving flatulence.

Physiological action. — Diluent, refrigerant, diaphoretic, solvent and
diuretic. It is found in all the tissues of the body. In moderate
quantities when taken into the stomach, cold water assists digestion.
In large quantities it dilutes the gastric juice, suspends the action of
pepsin, and depresses the nerve function, and hence lowers digestion.
It stimulates the excretion of urine, sweat, &c., and thus the products
of tissue change, such as urea, phosphoric acid, &c., are eliminated.
Cold or iced water locally applied abstracts body heat, lowers the
surface temperature, increases circulation, the tone of the heart and
the muscular system, but changes quiet breathing to a sort of spas-
modic action. In some cases these salutary effects are replaced by a
chill and great depression.

Warm water increases at first the body heat, the circulation and
respiration. This is soon followed by rapid tissue change and in-
creased elimination of the waste products by the skin and lungs. If
continued for a long time, it leads to a depression of spirits, giddiness,
and general muscular debility.

Hot water locally applied, accelerates circulation, dilates the vessels
at first, but soon after contracts them ; hence a good application for
relieving local congestions or inflammations. In the relief of spasms
it is a very reliable remedy. Hot vapour bath is a stimulant to the
circulation, and produces profuse perspiration.

Therapeutics. — Ordinary cold water taken before going to bed
relieves habitual constipation ; as a wet pack it is used locally in
tonsilitis, diphtheria, croup, &c.; Cold baths are good in fevers. Iced
cold application to the head is a valuable remedy in headaches, and
in cerebral congestion, to the spine in cholera, chorea, &c., to the
uterus in post-partum hoemorrhage. Also locally applied to hernia,
orchitis, buboes, piles, &c.

Hot water is used externally as baths, fomentations, packs, &c.
Useful in relieving local congestion and inflammation. As a hot foment-
ation to the kidneys it is used to relieve suppression of urine, to the
spine in diseases of the spinal cord and of the meninges, and also in
backache. In disorders of the uterus and ovaries, hot vaginal douche

£04

MINERAL WATERS.

is very serviceable. Long continued application of hot water
on sores and wounds acts like a soothing dressing.

Hot or vapour baths or Turkish baths are useful in relieving
rheumatism, syphilis and advanced cases of Bright’s disease.
Alternate use of warm water to the body and cold to the head is
beneficial in the treatment of infantile convulsions, chorea, &c.

Internally a drink of hot water acts as a diaphoretic.

Mineral Waters. — These are natural waters, mostly spring waters
containing various salts in solution, sufficient in quantity to impart a
sensible taste, according to their characters and effects. They are
divided into certain groups.

Ferruginous Waters or Chalybeate Waters. — In India, springs
containing this water are met with in Nilgheries, Seeta Khond, &c.
Some springs are thermal and contain iron as carbonate,
sulphate or chloride.

Actions and uses. — Hsematinics, given in anaemia, amenorrhcea and
other allied conditions.

Sulphuretted Waters. — Hepatic waters — In India this water is
found in certain thermal springs situated in Konkan, Gujerat, Sind, Salt
ranges at the base of the Himalaya, &c. These contain sodium
sulphide and sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Used for drinking purposes
and as baths.

Actions and uses. — They are alterative and stimulant. Used in
eczema, psoriasis and other skin diseases ; also in rheumatism, sluggish
liver and uterine complaints.

Alkaline Mineral Waters. — These are generally cold, some are
warm. They contain large quantities of salts of sodium, lithium,
calcium and magnesium.

Actions and uses . — Alterative, diuretic and solvents given in uric
acid diathesis, gout, and vesical catarrh ; also in dyspepsia and
sluggish liver.

Carbonated Waters or Acidulous Waters. — These are sparkling
waters containing a large amount of carbonic acid gas which gives
them their acidity. They hold in solution carbonates of sodium*
calcium and magnesium.

They are used as stomachic tonic and alterative, and are given in
gout, rheumatism, calculous affections, &c„

MINERAL WATERS.

'05

Saline Mineral Waters or Bitter Waters. — In India they are
found in Sind, Punjab, &c. They contain saline purgatives, such as
sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, -magnesium sulphate, calcium car-
bonate, and potassium sulphate, &c.

Friedrichshall water. A saline mineral water, contains in addition
silica and bromides, &c.

Mineral waters are aperient and of high medicinal value. They are
gentle, safe and speedy in their action ; given in deranged digestion,
habitual or temporary constipation, affections of the stomach and liver,
and in the inflammation and congestion of the brain, lungs, &c. ; also
given in bilious attacks, chronic diseases of the respiratory organs,
haemorrhoids, cutaneous affections as pustules in the face, rheumatic
and gouty disorders, fatty degeneration and general obesity ; in uric
acid concretions and subsequent formation of gravel and calculus in the
kidneys and bladder and in scrofulous and glandular enlargements.
It is also given to remove the ill-effects of excess in diet, &c.

Indifferent Thermal Waters. — These hot springs are found in
the richest districts of Tenasserim, a district round Hazaribagh,
Jalandhur, Doab, &c. They contain very small quantity of salts
having no therapeutic value and a large amount of nitrogen gas. Their
chief value, however, depends upon their high temperature ; they are
used as baths for their sedative influence in various nervous affections
as hysteria, paralyses, also in gout, rheumatism and in uterine dis-
orders. Internally the water is drunk in chronic dyspepsia and in
uric acid diathesis.

Iodine Waters. — These contain iodine, bromine and arsenic. As
an alterative, given in scrofula, gout, rheumatism, goitre, &c.

Sal Carolinum Factitium. — Artificial Carlsbad salt, similar in com-
position to salts contained in Carlsbad water.

It contains sodium sulphate 44, potassium sulphate 2, sodium
chloride 18, sodium bicarbonate 36, and traces of lime, aluminium
phosphate, ferric carbonate and ferric silicate. 53 grains of the salt

to a pint of water is equal to a pint of Carlsbad water. Dose — 20 to
60 grs.

Physiological action — Antineuralgic and sedative. It increases the
secretions of the stomach, intestines, kidneys and lungs. As a
sedative it alleviates pain.

*4

BATHS.

106

Therapeutics— -It Is given to relieve the pain and cramps of the
stomach, as in cardialgia, colic, and gallstone. In cases of gout, uric
acid calculi and in those due to insufficient elimination of effete matters
it is of great benefit. In enlargement of the liver and spleen, in
cases of jaundice and catarrh of the biliary passages, it is equally
useful.

The medicinal value of mineral waters is greatly exaggerated both
by the laity and the interested proprietors. Different localities con-
taining such springs become health-resorts and depots for invalids and
idlers who resort to them from every part of the globe.

It is not difficult to understand to what really the benefit is due.
The good results of the treatment are not solely due to mineral
waters, but to change of climate and scenery and to rest and freedom
from worry of home and business cares. When at a place of resort,,
these health-seekers have perforce to pay scrupulous attention to diet
and take it at regular hours. They have regular hours for drinking
spring waters and open-air exercise to and from the springs. They
also sleep without dissipation. They avoid alcohol and excitement
of all kinds, and thus they are enabled in a great measure to secure
the desired benefit. They, however, believe that this benefit can only
be derived by going to the watering places which are located some-
times several hundreds of miles away from their own residences and
they also pay dearly for it because they believe that they obtain their
money’s worth. There is no doubt however that the benefit is in a
great measure due to their paying scrupulous attention to diet and
hygiene, to the regularity of life and to the drinking of mineral
waters in prescribed quantities, and avoidance of any wine, spirits, &c
Of late it has been considered necessary to wash out the stomach
from day to day in cases of gastric hyperacidity and atonic dyspepsia
and to examine its contents three or four hours after each meal.

Baths.—

Vernacular . — Hind. — Ghussal , Sar nahan , Unguly Ha-mam lend ,
Ungul stknanam ; Tel. — Abhi angana.

Water in different forms or as medicated baths is extensively used
therapeutically.

Vapour Bath or steam bath is used in febrile affections, gout
and rheumatism and in diseases where diaphoresis is* required.

It stimulates the circulation. Sometimes various drugs are added
to the water to enhance the diaphoretic effects, such as nagoda
leaves ( Vitex negundo), cammomile flowers, &c.

KATIIS.

107

Hot Bath, — For this purpose water as hot as can be borne
is used. At first it acts as a stimulant to the general circulation, but
in a short time it produces sedative or depressing effects, attended
with profuse sweat. Alternate use of hot and cold bath is used in
infantile convulsions.

Local Hot Baths. — These are hip baths and foot baths, sometimes
with mustard added to them, and are used in fevers, in amenorrhcea
and in uterine and vesical affections, in renal calculus, and in renal
and biliary colic.

Medicated Hot Baths, containing sulphur, alkaline salts, &c., are
also used in skin diseases as itch, lichen, prurigo, urticaria, &c.

Tepid or Lukewarm Bath is used in fevers, more with a view to
abstract heat from the body than for any stimulating effects. It is
preferred by some to cold bath, as there is no shock which is felt by
the patient the moment he comes in contact with cold water. It
soothes the irritated cutaneous nerves, produces gentle perspiration,
and removes body heat.

Cold Bath. — The temperature varies from that of the ordinary
air to that of ice-cold water. It is largely used as an antipyretic in
typhoid and other febrile affections. Under its use the pulse im-
proves and the patient revives. It is, however, not so beneficial in
the weak and the debilitated.

Local Cold Bath. — A very useful application to reduce heat. It
is applied in the form of ice or as cold lotion to the head in
headache, and to the limbs in fevers ; also used to relieve local pain and
to lessen external as well as internal inflammation as in meningitis,
cerebrites, metritis, parametritis, epididymitis and other glandular in-
flammatory affections ; sometimes ice is used as a local anaesthetic
in opening abscesses and for other minor operations. For its power
of constricting blood vessels it is almost universally used as an appli-
cation for strangulated hernia and for arresting all internal and
external haemorrhages.

Douche. — It may be hot or cold. The water used may be salt water
or fresh water. The water falls on the part with a force through
several holes in a basin hung up above the head. In the case of a
douche for the body, a cage or skeleton pipe with several openings is
made, so as to encircle the body, and it communicates with the water-
basin. For a vaginal or uterine douche medicated antiseptic water is
introduced into the organs through a pipe connected with a basin
placed at some he ight.

io8

NITROGEN.

Turkish Baths. — They are used in certain diseases as rheumatism*
gout, lumbago, sciatica, in urinary disorders as renal or vesical calculus ;
also in dyspepsia, due to high feeding and sedentary habits. It is a
combination of cold and hot vapour baths, each taken in regular order.
The individual is first passed through a series of rooms in which vapour
of water is let off in regularly increased quantities and temperature
and where he is shampooed and scrubbed. He is next passed through
another series of rooms where he gets a shower of hot water, beginning
from very hot to tepid water. After this he gets a series of cold baths,
beginning with water at ordinary temperature to ice-cold water. Per-
sons with tendency to lung affections, such as influenza, coughs and
cold, should avoid Turkish baths.

Nitrogen. — Generator of Nitre. Also called azote — -a destructive of
life. A colourless gas, without any odour or taste, met with extensively
in nature — about 77 per cent, in the air we breathe. In combination
with most of the oxides of metalloids and metals it forms nitrites
and nitrates ; with carbon it forms cyonegen. With hydrogen it forms
ammonia and with oxygen nitric acid. Enters largely into the com-
position of all alkaloids. Rarely used in its free state as a medicine.
It is an important element found in very large quantity in a majority
of animal bodies and vegetable substances used as articles of diet.

Nitrogen Dioxide. — Sometimes called Nitric oxide. Very unplea-
sant fumes emanating from batteries containing nitric acid.

Actions and uses. — Anticholeraic. Men working in electrotype
establishments are believed to remain free from the ravages of cholera.

Acidum Nitricum, Nitric Acid, B. P. — Aqua fortis.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Nitric acid ; Arab. — Maulabker ; Beng. — •
Shordr-tejab ;*Burm. — Yan zain-yebiyan ; Duko — Shera-ka-tezab ; Guz. — •
Surakhar-no-tezab ; Hind. — Shore-kd-tejab ; Malyal. — Vetti uppa
dravakam ; Pers. — arke-shorah ; Singh. — Vedi-oinu-rasa ; Tam. — -

Potluppu dravakam ; Tel. — Patluppu dravakam , Surakara.

Manufacture. — To potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate add sul-
phuric acid and apply heat when nitric acid and Bisulphate of
potasium or sodium are formed ; Nitric acid being volatile distils
over. It contains 70 per cent, by weight of hydrogen nitrate and 30
per cent, of water.

Characters. —A clear, colourless, suffocating , volatile liquid , emitting
corrosive fumes of strongly acid odour and intensely acid taste ; very

ACIDUM NITRICUM.

IOQ

caustic and corrosive, yields no residue on evaporation to dryness
Sp. gr. 1-4.2.

Acidum Nitricum Fumans.— A reddish brown liquid, giving,
off red fumes on exposure. Contains 91 per cent, by weight of
hydrogen nitrate. Used as a caustic.

Acidum Nitricum Dilutum.— Diluted nitric acid, B. P.

Characters. — A watery liquid, without any odour and of an acid
taste and acid reaction. 1 sp. gr. i*ioi. It contains 17*44 Per cent* by
weight of hydrogen nitrate. Dose — 5 to 20 ms.

Acidum Nitro Hydrochloricum — Aqua Regia. — Nitro hydro-
chloric acid. Nitro muriatic acid. Contains nitric acid 18 parts and
hydrochloric acid 82 parts by volume.

Characters. — A golden-yellowish, fuming, corrosive liquid. It is
wholly volatilized by heat. It dissolves gold leaf. A drop of it
added to a solution of potassium iodide sets free iodine in abundance.
Dose — 1 to 3ms., well diluted.

Acidum Nitro Hydrochloricum Dilutum, B. P. — Diluted nitro

hydrochloric acid. It is an aqueous solution of free chlorine and
hydrochloric, nitric and nitrous acids.

Contains nitric acid 3 ozs., hydrochloric acid 4 ozs., distilled
water 25 ozs.

A colourless fluid, with a pungent acid odour and taste. Sp. gr.
1 *07. Dose — 5 to 20 ms.

Used as lotion, wash, injection and as a bath containing 6 fluid
ounces of the dilute acid to one gallon of water.

Actions and uses. — Strong nitric acid is only used externally. It
is a powerful escharotic and caustic. Its action being effectual, but
superficial. It coagulates the tissues. It is applied to destroy pha-
gedaenic sores, foul ulcers, fistula, chancres, cancrum-oris, haemor-
rhoids, warts, &c. It is applied to the cavity of the uterus in chronic
endometritis. In bites of snakes and rabid dogs it is applied to the
wound to destroy the poison. Its application to the skin produces
yellow stain of picric acid. Its vapour is suffocating and if inhaled, it
causes oedema of the glottis and intense bronchital irritation. As
an antiseptic lotion it is used well diluted in chronic ulcerations, as
a wash in obstinate skin diseases, and as an injection in leucorrhcea.

I IO

AMMONIUM.

Internally, the strong' acid is a powerful corrosive. In the diluted
form, as a tonic, it is used in atonic dyspepsia and general debility ; as
an alterative in cases where mercury cannot be tolerated, as in
scrofula, mercurial cachexia and syphilis ; also in torpid liver?
bilious affections and jaundice. In intermittent and remittent
fevers it can be given as a refrigerant drink to allay thirst. As a
solvent it is very useful in dissolving phosphatic deposits in the urine,
also in oxaluria, lithaemia and in chronic cystitis. As an astringent it
is occasionally used in bronchorrhoea, diarrhoea, dysentery and leu-
corrhcea, and in aphonia in singers.

Diluted nitro hydrochloric acid is a tonic and stomachic and is
oiven in acidity of the stomach, general debility, frontal headache ;
also in dissolving phosphatic and other deposits. Its chief use,,
however, is in chronic hepatic affections due to malaria, hepatic
dysentery, jaundice, biliousness, dropsy, &c. ; its lotion is used
externally as a compress on the hepatic region in liver affections, as
well as an acid bath in syphilitic and other skin diseases.

AMMONIUM AND ITS COMPOUNDS.

Ammonium. — Ammonia. It is a hypothetical compound radicle
analogous to potassium, sodium, &c. It does not exist in the
native state, but as an aqueous solution or as ammonia gas.
The gas is evolved during the putrefaction of all organisms,
from liquor ammoniae, from ammonium carbonate and from many
organic nitrogenous compounds. It is met with in a free state
in the air or in the soil, and diffused extensively throughout both the
kingdoms of nature.

Characters. — A colourless gas of a very pungent odour and acrid
taste and alkaline reaction ; combines with various acids, and
forms salts analogous to alkaline salts of sodium, potassium, &c.

Liquor Ammoniae Fortis, B. P. — Strong solution of ammonia.
Ammoniacal gas dissolved in water containing 32*5 per cent, by
weight of the gas or more than three times the strength of liquor
ammoniae, sp. gr. 0*891.

Liquor Ammoniae. — Solution of ammonia, B. P. Spirit of hart-
shorn. Contains 10 per cent, by weight of ammonia, sp. gr. 0*959.

Manufacture. — To obtain Liquor Ammoniae Fortis, heat together
ammonium chloride 3 and slaked lime 4 and pass the gas thus pro-
duced into water.

AMMONIUM.

1 1 1

Characters. — A colourless, strong, alkaline liquid, of an acrid taste,
giving off strong, pungent, highly irritating fumes when exposed to
the air. Has an alkaline reaction. Freely soluble in water. One fluid
drachm contains 15*83 grains of ammonia. Dose — 3 to 6 ms.

Preparations. — Tinctura ammonice composita , Eau de Luce.

Macerate mastiche 2 drs., rectified spirit 9 drs., oil of lavender
14 ms., and add strong solution of ammonia 20 ozs.

Applied to the bites of insects.

Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata, B. P.— To prepare it, mix together
guaiacum resin 200, oil of nutmeg 3*1, oil of lemon 2*1, strong solution
of ammonia 75, alcohol to make 1,000. Dose — \ to 1 dr.

Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata, B. P. — Macerate powdered
valerian rhizome 200, oil of nutmeg 3*1, oil of lemon 2*1, solution of
ammonia 100, alcohol 900. Dose — | to 1 dr.

Linimentum Ammoniae, Liniment of Ammonia, B. P. (1 in 4). —
Contains liquor ammoniae 25, almond oil 25 and alcohol 50.

Linimentum Opii Ammoniatum.— Soap liniment, compound
comphor liniment, Tincture of opium of each 6, Belladonna liniment,
strong solution of ammonia of each 1. Mix and filter ; similar to
Bow’s liniment.

Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus — Spiritus Ammoniae compositus.
Aromatic spirit of ammonia. Spirit of sal volatile, B. P.

Manufacture. — Mix strong solution of ammonia 8 fid. ozs., ammo-
nium carbonate 4 ozs., oil of nutmeg 4^ fid. drs., oil of lemon
6^ fid. drs., rectified spirit 6 pints, add water 3 pints, and distil.

Characters. — A transparent, colourless liquid, of a pungent ammonia-
cal odour. Dose — 30 to 90 ms.

Spiritus Ammoniae Fetidus, Fetid spirit of ammonia, B. P.—

(1) of liquor ammoniae fortisin 10. Prepared by taking asafetida
i£ ozs., liquor ammoniae fortis 2 fid. ozs., rectified spirit to make a
pint. Dose — 20 to 40 ms., or 60 to 90 ms. for a single dose.

Aqua Sedativa. Eau Sedative de Raspail — Contains ammonia
water 6, sodii chloridum 6, spiritus camphor 1, aqua 100. For local
use.

Physiological action. — Ammonia gas is a diffusible stimulant, highly
alkaline, and an irritant to the mucous membranes. Locally caustic

I 12

AMMONIUM.

and vesicant. If inhaled, it causes irritation of the glottis and cough
and often suffocation with inflammation of the respiratory pas-
sages. It is a rubefacient when applied to the skin, and allowed
to evaporate, but if covered with an oiled silk, it causes
vesication. If taken into the stomach, it acts as an irritant poison,
setting up gastro ententes, coma and death. Absorbed into the blood,
it acts directly, and keeps the fibrin in solution. In a milder form as
solution of ammonia it is a stimulant of the spinal cord, respiration
and circulation. On the liver it acts as a stimulant, increasing the
glycogenic function. It does not render the urine alkaline, but is
converted finally into urea. If given in large doses and for a
long time, it paralyzes the cord, motor nerves and muscles. It is
too strong for internal use unless largely diluted. Therapeutics;
— -Ammonia water is used as inhalation or given internally in
fainting, syncope, or cold to the head. As a powerful stimulant it is
used in poisoning by narcotics as opium, cannabis, dhatura, digitalis,
tobacco, prussic acid, &c. It dissolves the blood clots, and keeps
up alkalinity of the blood, thereby preventing embolus of the heart
and also thrombosis. Ammonia is given in advanced stages of fever
and in inflammatory diseases where the vital powers are depressed.
In the bites of snakes and insects it is given internally and also
applied externally. In syncope the vapour is very beneficial. Spiritus
ammonse fetidus is a valuable stimulant and anti-spasmodic, and
given in hysteria, epilepsy, &c.

Liquor Ammonii Acetatis Fortior. — Strong solution of ammonium
acetate.

Manufacture. — Neutralize ammonium carbonate 15I- ozs. with
acetic acid 50 fld ozs., or a sufficiency in distilled water to make three
pints.

Characters.-— A colourless solution, without any odour and of a
saline taste. Dose — 25 to 75 ms.

Liquor Ammonii Acetatis, Solution of Ammonium Acetate,

B. P. — Spirit of mindererus — 1 of the above to 5 of water. Dose— 2
to 6 fld. drs.

Actions and uses. — Diaphoretic, diuretic, refrigerant and emmena-
gogue. Used especially in exanthemata, influenza, coryza, acidity of
the stomach, &c.; in fevers, dropsy and in dysmenorrhoea (in large
doses) ; also in erysipelas and delirium tremens.

Ammonii 'Benzo3LS%--Ammonium benzoate^ B. P.

AMMONII BROMIDUM.

1*3

Manufacture. — Neutralize benzoic acid with solution of ammonia
in distilled water, evaporate and crystallize.

Characters . — Thin white four-sided lamellar crystals, of faint benzoic
odour and acrid bitter saline taste. Readily soluble in cold water
(i in 6), in alcohol (i in 30), and in glycerine (1 in 8). Yields no
residue on heating to redness. On boiling, benzoic acid and ammonia
are separated. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, solvent, stimulant, and diuretic. It
acts chiefly of the mucous membranes of the genito-urinary passages
and especially that of the bladder. Like benzoic acid, it is excreted
in the urine as hippuric acid. It has a solvent action on phosphatic
deposits. It stimulates the liver. Therapeutics — It is given in chronic
cystitis with scanty fetid urine, in uric acid gravel and in phosphatic
deposits in the urine ; also in dropsy and gouty affections and in cases
of enlarged prostate. As a hepatic stimulant it is given in torpid
liver ; it is inferior to benzoate of sodium. It is eliminated in the
urine as hippuric acid, hence of great benefit in cases of alkaline
urine. Given in 15-gr. doses in scarlet fever.

Ammonii Bromidum — Ammonium bromide, B. P.

Manufacture . — Mix together hydrobromic acid and solution of
ammonia, evaporate and crystallize.

Characters. — White crystalline powder or colourless prisms without
any odour and of a pungent saline taste, soluble in water (1 in 1*5)
and in alcohol (1 in 30). Dose — 5 to 30 grs. Used as lozenges (2 grs.
each) for whooping cough.

Actions and uses. — Hypnotic, nervine sedative and alterative ; similar
in action to bromide of potassium, but less depressent. Given in
nervous affections as neurosis, dilirium tremens, whooping cough
and glandular enlargements. In diabetes of nervous origin and in
acute rheumatism it is a good remedy. In epilepsy it is given as
mixed bromides of ammonium, sodium and strontium.

Ammonii Carbonas — Ammonium, carbonate, B. P. — Ammonium
sesqui carbonate.

Heat together ammonium sulphate or ammonium chloride with
chalk, and condense the vapour. It is a mixture of ammonium
hydrogen carbonate with ammonium carbamate. Dissolved in water,
the latter is converted into neutral carbonate of ammonium.

Characters. — White, hard, translucent crystalline masses of strong
ammoniacal odour and sharp saline taste ; strongly alkal ne soluble

I 14 LIQUOR AMMONII CXTRATXS FORTIOR.

in water (i in 4), slightly soluble in spirit. On exposure to the air, it
is converted into acid carbonate and forms a white efflorescence which
should be removed or scraped off before the salt is used. Dose — 3
to 10 grs.

Physiological action. — Stimulant, diaphoretic, expectorant. In moder-
ate doses, it is a stimulant of the gastric and respiratory centres.
Taken into the stomach it is generally decomposed by the hydrochloric
acid of the gastric juice, and ammonia gas is set free and absorbed.
In large doses, it is emetic. In overdoses it is poisonous. Externally
it is an irritant and rubefacient.

Therapeutic uses. — A very valuable diffusible stimulant, especially
indicated in weak and irregular heart and in syncope, fainting,
cardialgia and gastrodynia and low state of the system. It is largely
used in pneumonia, puerperal, typhoid, scarlet and other adynamic
eruptive and continued fevers. Its property of dissolving fibrin renders
it useful in thrombi and emboli of the heart, in haemorrhages in the
brain and other parts. As an antispasmodic it is given in flatulence,
tympanitis, hysteria, epilepsy, &c. As a stimulant it acts on the secret-
ing and excreting organs, increasing the quantity of the secretions,
and rendering them more healthy. It stimulates all mobidly affected
mucous membranes, especially those of the respiratory tract ; generally
given with senega in chronic broncho pneumonia, asthma, &c. It
corrects the alvine discharges and is useful in diarrhoea or dysentery ;
as an antacid it is used in certain forms of dyspepsia accompanied with
acid fermentation, eructations and heartburn. It is one of the safest
stimulant emetic and is given in bronchitis when the tubes are choked
with mucus, sometimes combined with ipecacuanha to counteract its
depressing effects. Externally it is applied to the stings of various
insects such as bees, wasps, &c., also to scorpion’s»bites. As an inhala-
tion it is given to arouse patients from syncope and insensibility, and
in a greatly diluted form as in smelling salt in coryza. It or the
solution of ammonia forms a valuable ingredient in many of the
stimulating liniments, and as such is largely used in rheumatism, in
stiff and painful joints, and in some painful neuralgic affections.
Aromatic spirit of ammonia is a powerful stimulant^ and is given in
syncope, hysteria, nervous debility, flatulent colic, &c. ; generally
preferred to liquor ammonia.

Liquor Ammonii Citratis Fortior. — Strong solution of citrate
of ammonia.

Manufacture. — Neutralize citric acid 12 ozs. with strong solution of
ammonia 11 ozs. or a sufficiency, then add distilled water to make
twenty-four ounces.

AMMON 1 1 CHLORIDUM.

"5

Characters. — A clear liquid of a saline cooling taste without any
odour. Dose — 30 to 90 ms.

Preparation. — Liquor Ammonii Citratis, B. P. Solution of

ammonium citrate. It contains ammonium carbonate 14 drms., citric
acid 20 drms. and water 1 pint. Dose — 2 to 6 drs.

Actions and uses. — Diaphoretic, refrigerant and diuretic, used in
fevers with dry skin and scanty high-coloured urine.

Ammonii Chloridum, B. P.f Ammonium Chloride.

Syn. — Ammonii Hydrochloras — Ammonii Murias.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Sal ammoniac ; Arab. — Armina , Milliumar ;
Beng-. — Noshagar ; Burm. — Lovas , Dzag-wet-tha ; Can. — Nav Sagar ;
Cing. — Nav Char am ; Duk. — Nao Sagar ; Guz. — Nao Sagar ; Hind. — •
Noshadr , Sohaga ; Malay. — Nav Saram , Sadar ; Vers.— -Noshadar ;
Sans. — N'aosar ; Tam. — Navach-charam ; Tel. — Nava-saram .

Manufacture. — Neutralize crude ammoniacal liquor of the gas
works or ammonium carbonate with hydrochloric acid, evaporate
and sublime ; or heat the gas liquor with sulphuric acid, add
sodium chloride to the resulting sulphate of ammonium, and subse-
quently sublime. It may also be prepared from excretions of various
animals or from animal matters. In India it is obtained from
unburnt extremities of brick-kilns, in which manure of animals,
especially camel’s dung, is used as fuel. To this coal and common
salt are added and sublimed.

Characters. — It occurs in white granular crystals or as transparent
masses composed of needle-shaped crystals arranged in longitudinal
bundles. It is very tough and difficult to powder. It is free from
odour, and has a saline, disagreeable, nauseous and pungent taste
and of a neutral reaction. Liquid extract of liquorice disguises its
nauseous taste ; readily soluble in cold water (1 in 3), sparingly soluble
in alcohol (1 in 60). Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Used as a lotion (1 in 12), inhalation, vapour, or fumes.

Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi two grains in each, and as compressed
tabloids, 3 and 5 grs. in each. Ammonium chloride 1, potasii
chloratis 2, oleo resina cubebae a, glycyrrhizin a, mix, make one
tabloid to be dissolved in the mouth.

In catarrhal sore throat and in irritability of the pharynx and larynx.

Incompatibles — Ammonium chlordie is incompatible with alkalies,
alkaline earths and their carbonates, also lead and silver salts.

AMMONII EMBELAS.

116

Physiological Action . — In small and continued doses, it is alterative
and cholagogue. In large doses purgative. It has a marked stimu-
lating action on the mucous membranes, increasing their secretion, also
on the absorbent system and on gland structures.

Therapeutics. — It relieves hepatic congestion and modifies hepatic
secretions. Mixed with liquorice it is used as an expectorant in
chronic bronchitis with tough secretions. As a cholagogue and
alterative, it is given in cases of hepatic abscess, chronic hepatic
congestion and in dropsy connected with the liver and ovarian
diseases ; of the liver, in cirrhosis, and in jaundice, from catarrh of the
bile ducts. It is highly recommended in gastric catarrh or in bilious-
ness with coated tongue, foetid breath, flatulence, &c. As an
emmenagogue it is of benefit in amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea and
in passive haemorrhages. In various forms of neuralgia, rheumatic
affections of the face, in intermittent fever, in sick or nervous head-
aches, acute alcoholism, and in delirium tremens its action is very
marked, and before the discovery of the new analgesics, ammonium
chloride with opium and magnesium sulphate was the drug employed.
As a substitute for mercury, in chronic inflammatory diseases of the
glands, such as thyroid body, liver and spleen, it is largely used.
Externally combined with potassium nitrate its lotion is applied
to the head in headaches, and as a dressing for bruises ; also applied
in erysipelas, for reducing hernia, in enlarged glands, indolent
tumours, inflamed hydrocele and in chronic skin diseases. The
natives use it mixed with sulphide of arsenic ( hartal ) as an application
to scorpion bites. Of late its inhalation is given with considerable
relief in chronic catarrhal bronchitis. Its chief use, however, is in
subacute gastric and hepatitis and intestinal catarrh, in painful
dyspepsia, and mixed with borax or with cubebs in sore throat.

Ammonii Embelas, Ammonium Embelate.— An ammonium
gait of an acid isolated from Embelia Ribes.

Occurs as red acicular crystals. Dose — 3 to 6 grs.

Used as an anthelmintic.

Ammonii Fluoridum— Ammonium Fluoride.

Characters. — Deliquescent colourless crystals of a strong saline
taste, soluble in water, slightly so in alcohol. Dose — i to J gr.

Used as a solution 4 grs. to 1 oz. Dose — 5 to 20 ms.

Physiological action. — Antiperiodic, alterative, antiseptic, and cardiac
depressant. Its action is to suppress butyric, lactic and acetic acid

AMMONIt HYPOPHOSPHIS. 1 1 7

fermentation, and to increase the action of the gastric juice, to promote
the digestion of albumen and hydrocarbon.

Therapeutics . — As cardiac depressant, it lowers the pulse and tem-
perature. It is used in cases of abnormal fermentation in the gastro-
intestinal canal leading to disordered digestion, dyspepsia, and
flatulence. In hypertrophied spleen and in goitre, the solution is very
useful. It is used with benefit in aortic and mitral regurgitation and in
aneurism of the aorta. As an inhalation its solution (2 in i,ooo) is used
in phthisis.

Ammonii Hypophosphis— Ammonium Hypophosphite.

Manufacture . — Add solution of ammonium carbonate to calcium
hypophosphite, filter and evaporate.

Characters . — In large white deliquescent crystals of a nauseous
saline taste. Soluble in water (1 in 2). Dose — 1 to 6 grs.

Actions and uses. — Nervine tonic. Given in phthisis and in diseases
with loss of nerve power.

Ammonii Iodidum— Ammonium Iodide.

Manufacture. — Mix together sulphate of ammonium and iodide of
potassium in boiling water, then add alcohol, filter and evaporate.

Characters. — Colourless deliquescent cubical crystals or white granu-
lar powder turning yellow on exposure to light and air when iodine
is liberated. Has a sharp saline taste but no odour when white, but
slightly iodine odour when yellow ; soluble in water (1 in 1) and in
rectified spirit (1 in 9). Dose— 3 to 15 grs.

Actions and uses— Alterative like potassium iodide, but less depres-
sant. Used in acute catarrh of the nose and bronchi ; in hay fever,
syphilis, chronic rheumatism, scrofula, chronic bronchitis, and in
incipient phthisis ; also in enlarged glands and in chronic skin diseases.
With arsenic it is given in chronic malarial fevers.

Ammonii Nitras— Ammonium Nitrate.— Neutralize nitric acid
with ammonium carbonate or potassium nitrate with ammonium
chloride. Characters. — Colourless crystals or fused masses. Soluble in
water (2 to 1), alcohol (1 in 20). On heating to 350° F. it resolves into
nitrous oxide gas and vapour of water.

Used in the preparation of nitrous oxide gas.

Ammonii Persulphas. — Ammonium Persulphate. In small colour-
less crystals, soluble in water. The solution evolves oxygen gas
when heated.

Used as an antiseptic for preserving food, being innocuous to the
human organism.

AMMON II PHOSPHAS.

1 18

Ammoniated Phenyl Acetamide, see AmmonoL

Ammonii Phosphas, B. P. — Ammonium Phosphate. Neutralize
solution of ammonia by dilute phosphoric acid, evaporate and
crystallize.

Characters.—1 Transparent, colourless prisms without any odour
and of a cooling saline taste. Soluble in cold water (i in 4), insoluble
in alcohol. Dose— 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Stimulant of the urinary organs and cholagogue.
Given in uric acid diathesis and in gout and rheumatism. As an
hepatic stimulant it is given in torpid liver.

Ammonii Picras.— Ammonium Picrate, Carbazotate of

Ammonia.

Manufacture . — Obtained by the action of picric acid on ammonium
carbonate.

Characters . — A yellow crystalline salt in scales or prisms. Soluble in
water. Dose— \ to 1 gr. in pill.

Actions and ws^.—Antiperiodic. Used in ague and other malarial
fevers and in neuralgia and headaches of India. A good adtiperiodic
where quinine and arsenic have failed. It does not disturb the
stomach or interfere with digestion.

Ammonium Succinate. — Used in protracted labour cases due to
spasmodic contraction of the uterus.

Ammonii Sulpho-Ichthyolas, see Ichthyol.

Ammonii Salicylas, see Salicylic Acid.

Ammonii Valerianas — Ammonium valerianate .

Ma?iufactures. — Pass ammonia gas into a solution of valerianic acid
till the latter becomes neutralized ; evaporate and crystallize.

Characters. — Deliquescent white or colourless quadrangular plates,
of the odour of valerian ; and of a sharp sweetish taste. Very soluble
in water, alcohol and ether. Dose — 1 to 5 grs.

Actions and uses. — General nervine stimulant and antispasmodic ;
inferior to asafetida. Used in low state of the nervous system accom-
panied by fever and in other wasting diseases. As an antispasmo-
dic it is given in hysteria, chorea and other neuralgic affections as
hemicrania, palpitations, &c.

CAR RON’.

1 10

Carbon.

This element is met with in its free state in nature over a very wide
area, and in combination with other elements it is found in large quan-
tity in all vegetable, mineral and animal substances, and forms a large
number of medicinal agents. As met with in the air and in many
mineral waters, it is united with oxygen to form carbonic acid gas.
Another compound with oxygen is carbonic oxide or carbon monox-
ide, a gas highly poisonous and formed during the combustion of
charcoal. As carbonates (limestone) it is found over a large surface
of the earth.

Carbo Ligni, B. P. — Wood or vegetable charcoal.

Vernacular . — Arab. — Falun chobi , Zugal ; Beng. — Kosh tha Kayela ;
Burm. — Thon Mis7ie, Mithwa ; Can. — Katiga iddulloo ; Duk. — Lakri ka
kolsa ; Guz. — Lakdano koelo ; Hind. — Lakdi ka koyla , Kolsa ; Malay.
— Arang-bara ; Malyal. — Alapa kari, matti kari ; Mar. — Lakdacha
kolese ; Pers. — Taegali-e-chobbi ; Sans. — Kasta angaraha ; Shing. — •
Lippe-aughoru ; Tam. — Addappu-krri , katai kari ; Tel. — Katta bagu,
poibogulo.

Prepared by subjecting any soft wood to a red heat in a closed
vessel and then reducing the charred mass to a thin powder.

Characters. — A very light, black powder, without taste or odour.
Insoluble in water or alcohol. Being porous, it absorbs gases to
a considerable extent. It also contains condensed ox},,gen gas. When
burnt at a high temperature, it leaves about per cent, of ash.
Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Used in the form of biscuits, lozenges and tabloids. Poultices
(cataplasma carbonis). Poultice contains wood charcoal 4 drachms,
wheaten flour 2 ounces, linseed meal 12 drachms, boiling water 10
fluid ounces. At first stir together over a fire the flour and linseed
and then add charcoal.

Physiological action. — Antiseptic, disinfectant, deodorant, and decol-
orizer. Its action depends upon its power ofabsorbing and condensing
many gaseous bodies and vapours from substances undergoing
fermentation and putrefaction.

Therapeutics. — It is used in flatulent dyspepsia with acid eructations,
foetid stools, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, constipation and inter-
mittent fevers. It is not acted upon in the body, and is found in the
fceces unchanged. Externally it is used as a dusting powder or as
• poultices to wounds, foul and gangrenous ulcers, sores, for correcting
fcetor of cancerous discharges, and stimulating them to healthy action.
It is also used as dentifrice to remove foul breath and to check caries of

1 20

CARBO ANIMALIS.

the teeth. In order to purify the air of sick room, pieces of charcoal
are placed in dishes and exposed to absorb effluvia.

Carbo Animalis. — Animal charcoal, bone black, ivory black.

Vernacular. — Haddi ka kolsa ; Guz. — Hadka no kolso ; Hind.—
Haddi ka koyla.

Manufacture. — Prepared from bones by subjecting them to red heat
in a closed furnace. The bones are first boiled in water, and subject-
ed to great heat, when the volatile products, ammoniacal fluid, bone
spirit, and tar or bone oil and gases are separated.

Characters. — Dull black fragments or powder. Without any odour
or taste. Insoluble in water or alcohol. Contains carbon io per
cent., calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate 90 per cent.

Carbo Animalis Purificatus. — Purified animal charcoal. Ob-
tained by digesting bones with hydrochloric acid when calcium
phosphate and calcium carbonate and other earthy salts are dissolved
out, then washed and dried. A dull black powder, without any
odour or taste. Insoluble in ordinary solvents. Dose— -20 to 60 grs.

Actions and uses. — Mostly used as an antidote to poisons ; also used
to decolorize organic bodies.

Acidum Carbonicum— Carbonic Acid— Carbon Dioxide.

It is met with in the atmosphere 2 to 6 parts in 10,000 and in all
waters, in mines, old wells, deep valleys, grottos, in the expired air,
and as a product of combustion of carbonaceous substances. It is
met with in the blood and other liquids of the body, and originates in
the oxidation processes which are constantly taking place in the
tissues.

Manufacture. — Obtained by treating calcium carbonate with dilute
hydrochloric acid ; also produced by the action of yeast plant and
by the action of other fermentative processes.

Characters. — A colourless gas without any odour and of a somewhat
sharp taste. At ordinary temperature and pressure it is soluble in
pure water (1 in 1), more freely soluble at an increased pressure and at
a low temperature, and still more freely soluble in water containing
phosphates and carbonates than in distilled water. The solution has
an acid reaction and, when agitated, is sparkling, due to the rapid
escape of carbonic acid gas. Sparkling waters contain it in very
large quantities, in some its ratio is as much as 90 per cent.

CARBON BISULPHIDUM.

121

Preparation. —Aqua carbonata, carbonated water, aqua acidi car-
bonici, soda water. Carbonated mineral waters as Seltzer, Apolli-
naris, Virginia, &c.

Physiological action.— Toxic, antiseptic and preservative, re-
frigerant or exhilerant in an aqueous solution. Locally anaesthetic.
As an antiseptic it is used in preserving meat, as a local anaesthetic it
causes numbness when applied to the skin or to the tissues, ulcers, & c.
Internally as a refrigerant its solutions allays thirst, stimulates the
heart and respiration. In large doses it acts as an aperient, diapho-
retic and diuretic. When inhaled it is poisonous, o*i per cent,
of it causes headache and depression of spirits, o’3 per cent, causes, ip
addition, giddiness and throbbing of the temples, io per cent, excites
irritation and spasm, and closure of the glottis, followed by asphyxia
often fainting, coma, convulsions and death. When absorbed into
the blood it leads to dyspnoea, cyanosis, and to the arrest of the
heart’s action.

Therapeutics . — Locally as an anaesthetic and antiseptic it excites
healthy action in ulcers, relieves pain in cancer. In disorders of the
pelvic vicera it is injected into the vagina. When inhaled in a diluted
form with 90 or 95 per cent, of air, it gives relief in painful chronic
catarrhal affections as chronic laryngitis and pharyngitis ; also in
asthma, bronchitis, &c. The aqueous solution is a useful drink in
fevers. It relieves nausea, vomiting and gastric irritability. As a
diaphoretic and diuretic its baths are used in gout, rheumatism, & c.

Carbon Bisulphidum. — Carbon Bisulphide, B. P. Carbon

Disulphide.

Manufacture. — To prepare it heat fragments of charcoal to redness,
and drop sulphur upon it from time to time, subsequently condense,
distil over and purify.

Characters. — It is a clear, colourless, highly diffusible and highly
inflammable liquid, of a strong characteristic, highly offensive odour
and sharp or pungent taste, and of a neutral reaction. It vaporizes
at ordinary temperature, giving off sulphurous and carbonic acid
gases. It is soluble in water (1 in 535), freely soluble in alcohol,
ether, chloroform, fixed and volatile oils. Dose — ^ to 1 m. It is a
good solvent for caoutchouc.

Physiological action. — A cardiac paralyzant, a dangerous anaesthetic.
Workers in the fumes of carbon bisulphide suffer from headache,
emaciation, want of co-ordination of movements, impairment of
motion and sensibility and finally paralysis of the heart. In small
doses it is stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, and anaesthetic.
The vapour is anodyne ; if inhaled directly, it excites violent cough-
ing ; it locally blunts the sensibility of the part to which it is applied.

16

122

CARBONIS TETRACHLOR1DUM.

Therapeutics . — It is used in removing ingrowing of nails, in
opening abscesses and in relieving facial neuralgia, headache, also
local pains as in toothache, earache, syphilitic periostitis, cancerous
and other growths, &c.; it relieves the pains of cancer of the stomach,
allays gastralgia and also vomiting. Like salicylic and carbolic
acids it arrests putrefaction, and like hyposulphites of soda it is an
effective agent against fermentation, destroying vegetable and animal
germs.

Carbonis Tetrachloridum— Carbon Tetrachloride.

A heavy, mobile, volatile liquid, of a pleasant pungent quince-like
odour. Used as inhalation.

Action and uses. — -Anaesthetic. Locally applied, it relieves neuralgic
pains, and given as inhalation in hay fever. It is less irritating than
chloroform, but far more dangerous to the heart, and hence not
used as a general anaesthetic.

Sulphur. — Brimstone.

Sulphur from sal, salt, and phur, fire, a salt having combustible
quality.

Brimstone — Brynstone, meaning a burning stone.

Vernacular . — Arab. — Kibrika , Kibrit ; Beng. — Gandraka ; Burm.—
Kan; Eng. — Brimstone; Guz. — Gandhak ; Hind. — Gao gird > Gandak ;
Malay. — Balirang ; Pers. — Gowgird ; Sans. — Gandhaka ; Singh. —
Gandhaka ; Tam. — Gendagum ; Tel. — Gendagum.

A non-metallic element, known as native or virgin sulphur, a product
found free in beds of gypsum and in regions of extinct vulcanoes ; also
found extensively in nature in combination with several metals, as sul-
phates and sulphides as the ores called pyrites — sulphides of iron,
copper, lead, mercury, &c. It also occurs in many vegetable and ani-
mal substances. It is obtained by roasting, fusion or by sublimation.

Characters. — A greyish-yellow, soft powder or a brittle solid, free
from grittiness and from the smell of hydrogen sulphide.

Sulphur Sublimtum, B. P. — Sublimed sulphur, flowers of
sulphur.

Gundhak na phida (Guz.).

Manufacture. — Prepared from crude or native sulphur by sublima-
tion or from sulphides by roasting and condensing the vapour.

Characters . — A fine, bright, greenish-yellow, gritty powder, of a
peculiar characteristic odour ; soluble in ether, hot turpentine, bisul-
phide of carbon ; slightly so in fixed oils ; insoluble in water or alcohol.

SULPHUR PR/ECIPITATUM.

I2J

Ignited, it burns with a blue flame, forming sulphurous anhydride,
and is entirely volatilized by heat. Dose — 20 to 60 grs.

Sulphur Lotum — washed sulphur. — Sulphur depuratum.

Manufacture . — Digest sublimed sulphur with diluted ammonia
water for some time, wash and dry.

Characters. — A fine yellow powder without any odour or taste.
Neutral reaction. Dose— As a stimulant, 5 to 10 grains. As a
laxative, 20 to 60 grains.

Preparation . — Confectio Guaiaci Composita — contains guaiacum
powder 2, sublimed sulphur 3, magnesium carbonate 2, ginger 1,
and treacle 12. Dose — 1 to 2 drms. Unguentum sulphuris, B. P.
(1 to 9). Confectio Sulphuris, B. P. (4 in 9) contains sublimed
sulphur 4 ounces, potassium bi-tartarate 1 ounce, tincture of orange
peel | fluid ounce, syrup 2 fluid ounces, powdered tragacanth 18
grains, glycerine 1^ fluid ounce. Dose — 1 to 2 drachms.

Sulphur Praecipitatum, B. P. — Precipitated sulphur. Milk of
sulphur. Lac sulphuris. Amalsaro Gandhaka (Hind.). Pale yellow
sulphur.

Manufacture. — Boil sublimed sulphur 5 ounces, with slaked lime 3
ounces, and water 30 ounces. The sulphide and the hyposulphite of
calcium and the sulphate are formed ; to this add hydrochloric acid ;
sulphur is precipitated. This is repeatedly washed till it becomes
tasteless, and dried.

Characters. — It occurs as a pale, yellowish-white powder, free from
grittiness, tasteless and without any odour ; neutral in reaction ; free-
ly volatilized by heat ; insoluble in water or alcohol, freely soluble in
carbon sulphide, or in a hot solution of soda. It is completely vola-
tilized by heat. The old-fashioned milk of sulphur contained sul-
phate of calcium. Dose — 20 to 60 grs.

Preparations. — Trochisci sulphuris, B. P., each containing 5
grains. Contains precipitated sulphur 5 grains, acid tartrate
of potassium 1 grain, and tincture of orange as a flavouring agent.
Unguentum Sulphuris Compositum. — Hebra’s itch ointment, Wil-
kinson’s ointment. Contains sulphur, chalk, soft soap, juniper tar oil
and lard.

Sulphuris Chloridum. — Sulphur Chloride.

Manufacture . — Prepared by direct combination of chlorine and
sulphur.

Characters . — Reddish yellow powder of a penetrating odour, soluble
in benzol. It is decomposed by alcohol, water or ether.

124

SULPHURIS IODIDUM.

Preparation . — Unguentum Sulphuris Hypochloritis.— It contains
sublimed sulphur 12, chloride of sulphur 2, essential oil of almonds 2,
and prepared lard 84. As a parasiticide used for acne, scabies, &c.

Sulphuris Iodidum, B. P.— Sulphur Iodide.

To prepare it, rub together iodine and sublimed sulphur (4 to 1),
then heat the mixture and allow the liquefied mass to cool.

Characters . — A greyish-black solid substance, crystalline in appear-
ance and of the smell of iodine. It stains the skin ; has faintly acid
reaction, soluble in glycerine (1 in 60) and in bisulphide of carbon,
insoluble in cold water. In boiling water iodine passes off in vapour,
leaving the sulphur as an insoluble residue. Dose — \ to 2 grs.

Preparation. — Unguentum Sulphuris Iodidi, B. P. — Iodide of sulphur
ointment. Contains sulphur iodide 2, glycerine 2, and benzoated
lard 46. Mix.

Gandhaka Kalk. — Take of sulphur 1 part, myrabolans (himaja)
1 part, juice of bhangra 3 parts, honey 2 parts, butter 1 part, mix
together and make a paste ( chatan ).

Used as a laxative. Dose — 20 to 40 grs. In constipation.

Gandhaka Rasayana. — Take of sulphur 2 parts, parakajali 1 part,
triturate in the juice of aloe leaves (koomar) till the whole forms a
uniform paste. Then heat it, and when cool add honey and butter
each 2 parts. The confection is used as an alterative. Dose — 1
to 2 drachms. In chronic skin diseases.

Gandakha Lepa.

Manufacture. — Triturate sulphur in the juice of garmalo leaves.

Used as a plaster for rheumatic, scrofulous and other painful joints,

Gandhaka Tela.

Manufacture. — Triturate sulphur in the juice of lemons. To the
mass add milk and boil. On cooling it will separate, as an oily
liquid of a yellow colour and sulphurous smell. Dose — 1 to 2 ms.
Used as an alterative in skin diseases.

Physiological action . — Sulphur is a parasiticide, alterative and
laxative. In small doses it acts as a mild laxative and diaphore-
tic. Taken into the gastro-intestinal canal it passes off unchanged.
Some of it is converted into sulphuretted hydrogen and sulphides
and may be found in the sweat, urine and foeces, and dis-
colouring silver ornaments worn next the skin. As sulphides it is

ACIDUM SULPHURICUM.

125

absorbed into the blood and converted into sulphates, and as such
it is found in the urine. In large doses it irritates the gastro-intestinal
tract, stimulates the intestinal gland secretions, increases their
peristalsis, and, if continued for a long time, it interferes with digestion
and gives rise to tremors and great debility.

Therapeutics. — As a parasiticide and local stimulant, it is used with
mustard oil to relieve cutaneous irritability as in scabies, impetigo,
prurigo, eczema, psoriasis, &c., as a stimulant of the mucous mem-
branes it is used in constipation in children. Mixed with potassium
tartrate it increases peristalsis. It is also given in cases where pulta-
cious and other than liquid motions are required as in haemorrhoids,
and anal fissures. It is also given in chronic bronchitis of old people
and in asthma. As an alterative it is given in hepatic congestion,
painful menstrual disorders, in gout, muscular rheumatism, chronic
rhumatoid arthritis, and in chorea. As sulphur fumigation its vapour
containing volatile sulphurous acid, which has strong bactericidal
property, is used to disinfect sick rooms. As an inhalation it is of
benefit in whooping cough.

As an application the natives use sulphur with powdered stramo-
nium seeds (5 to 1) and mixed with mustard oil in skin
diseases, and as an inhalation the fumes are used in diphtheria.
Sulphur baths and sulphurous mineral waters which are solutions of
sulphuretted hydrogen or of the alkaline sulphides are used in chronic
skin diseases, rheumatism, lead poisoning and in mercurial ptyalism.
Sulphur iodide is an alterative, and given in scrofula, syphilis, &c.
The ointment is used in eczema, psoriases, sycosis, &c.

Remarks. — In the native bazaar several varieties of sulphur are
found, namely, roll sulphur, Ldthano Ghandhak ; stick sulphur, Pasano
Ghandhak (facetted sulphur), and Rati Hirakasi or red sulphur, the
last is found in small flat or irregular crystalline pieces used in the
preparation of gold from its ores.

Acidum Sulphuricum.— Sulphuric acid, B. P.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Sulphuric acid , Oil of Vitriol ; Arab. — Ruch ,
Maulkibrit ; Cing. — Gandaka rasa ; Guz. — Gandhakno tejab ; Hind. —
Gandak ka tejab ; Pers. — Arak-i-gowgird ; Tam. — Ghendaga travagum.

Manufacture.' — To obtain it, burn sulphur or sulphur pyrites.
Oxidize sulphurous anhydride thus obtained with nitrous anhydride,
and hydrate it by means of aqueous vapour. It contains 98 per cent,
by weight of hydrogen sulphate.

Characters. — It is a colourless, heavy, oily liquid, highly caustic
and corrosive, without any odour and strong acid reaction. When

126

ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM.

mixed with water it evolves much heat, sp. gr. 1*843. Fuming
sulphuric acid contains sulphuric anhydride dissolved in sulphuric
acid. It gives off white fumes on exposure to the air.

Acidum sulphuricum aromaticum, B. P. Elixir of vitriol. Tinctura
aromatica acida. Contains sulphuric acid 3 fluid ounces, tincture of
ginger 10 fluid ounces, spirit of cinnamon J fluid ounce, and alcohol
29^ fluid ounces. Dose — 5 to 20 mm.

Used in the preparation of infusum cinchonas acidum 1 in 80.
Dose — ^ to 1 fld. oz.

Acidum sulphuricum dilutum, B. P.

Diluted sulphuric acid. It contains 13*65 per cent, by weight of
hydrogen sulphate, sp. gr. 1*094. Dose — 5 to 20 mm.

Physiological actions. — A powerful escharotic, but inferior to nitric
acid ; parts touched with it become white at first, then brown black.
In the diluted form it is absorbed into the blood and eliminated by the
skin, kidneys and bowels. In small doses it is haemostatic, astringent,
tonic and refrigerant.

Therapeutics. —As a refrigerating drink it is given in fevers, and
as an acid drink in acidity of the stomach, in dyspepsia, and in general
debility. With lead salts it forms an insoluble sulphate, hence useful
as a remedy in lead poisoning and in colica pictonum. As a remote
astringent it is mixed with gallic acid and given in diarrhoea, passive
mucous discharges and passive haemorrhages from the stomach, lungs,
kidneys, uterus, &c. ; also in excessive night sweats of phthisis.
Externally strong acid is used as an escharotic in caries of bones and
for cancerous growths. As a gargle the weak solution is used in sore
throat. A very weak ointment (10 per cent.) is recommended in
scabies, ringworm, &c.

Acidum sulphuricum aromaticum is an agreeable aromatic tonic,
given to check passive discharges and perspirations in phthisis and
other exhausting diseases.

Acidum Sulphurosum, B. P. — Sulphurous acid.

Manufacture. — Burn sulphur in air or oxygen, or boil sulphuric acid
with charcoal, mercury or copper till it is deoxidized or till the evolu-
tion of gas has ceased. Pass the residue into distilled water. The
aqueous solution contains 6*4 per cent, of hydrogen sulphite, equal
to 5 per cent, by weight of sulphurous anhydride. Sp. Gr. 1*025.

Characters. — It is a colourless liquid, of an acrid, sulphurous taste,
and of the odour of burning sulphur ; reaction highly acid. Dose —
^ to 1 dr., largely diluted with water.

PHOSPHORUS.

12 7

Used as solution with glycerine and as emulsion with fat.

Preparations. — Sodii sulphis. Dose — io to 20 grs., and sodii hypo-
sulphis, 5 to 15 grs.

Physiological action. — Antiseptic, deoxidizer, disinfectant and germi-
cide. It has a great affinity for oxygen. Its chief value depends upon
its power of destroying low vegetable life. The gas, if inhaled, causes
oedema of the glottis and inflammation of the respiratory passages.

Therapeutics. — Externally, the solution is used to remove foetor
from sores, wounds, cuts, ulcers, &c., and to promote their healing.
As a spray it is used diluted in aphthae, diphtheria, syphilitic laryngitis,
tonsillitis and thrush. The solution is applied to remove sordes from
the gums and teeth. The emulsion is used in certain parasitic skin
diseases. Internally, it is given as an antiseptic in dyspepsia and in
flatulence due to gastric fermentation, as in sarcinae and penicilium in
the stomach. It has been tried as an internal disinfectant in specific
fevers and in low states of the system.

Hydrogen sulphide. — Sulphuretted Hydrogen, B. P.

To obtain it, add sulphuric or hydrochloric acid to iron sulphide.

A colourless gas, has a strong foetid smell of ordure or rotten
eggs.

Actions and uses. — It is poisonous both to the animal and plant life.
If inhaled for a long time, it decomposes the blood, destroys tissue
functions, and paralyzes the muscles and nerves ; absorbed into the
blood, it leads to asphyxia, muscular tremors, followed by convulsions
and death. It is lately used in the treatment of phthisis. In such
cases carbonic acid gas is injected into the rectum after it has been
passed through sulphuretted water. The gas is readily absorbed
and eliminated by the bronchial and pulmonary surfaces, and is
believed to come in contact with the organisms of phthisis. Under its
use cough becomes less, sputum improves, sweating ceases, and the
general condition improves. Sulphurated lime, taken internally,
liberates sulphuretted hydrogen in the system.

Phosphorus, B. P.

Phosphorus, means that which emits light in the dark. A solid,
non-metallic element obtained from bones. Met with in nature, as
phosphates of iron, aluminum, calcium, &c. It is also a constituent of
plants and animals, constituting 60 per cent, in bones as calcium
phosphate. It is also found in tissues and fluids of the body.

128

AMORPHOUS PHOSPHORUS.

Manufacture. — Reduce bones (calcium phosphate) to a coarse powder,
and add sulphuric acid. Calcium sulphate is precipitated, and calcium
acid phosphate remains in solution. The solution is next mixed with
sand and charcoal to remove oxygen. On distilling it, phosphorus
vapourizes, and is condensed under water.

Characters. — A waxy -looking, nearly colourless solid, of the consist-
ence of bee’s-wax, generally translucent and highly volatile, of a very
disagreeable, pungent taste and garlic-like odour. It emits, on
exposure, white fumes. When fresh, it is luminous in the dark, but
turns black by keeping. Takes fire spontaneously. Usually it con-
tains arsenic and sometimes sulphur. Insoluble in water, to which it
imparts its characteristic odour and taste. Soluble in absolute alcohol
(i in 350), in olive or any fatty oil (1 in 80), in ether (1 in 80), in
chloroform (1 in 25), in bisulphide of carbon (1 in |), freely soluble in
boiling oil of turpentine and in oil of peppermint. Dose — XJ^ to ^
of a grain.

Amorphous or Red Phosphorus. — This is an allotropic variety
of phosphorus.

Manufacture . — Obtained by heating phosphorus without access of
air.

Characters.— A red powder, less fusible, unoxidizable in the air.
Insoluble in carbon bisulphide and not readily inflammable. Ad-
ministered in pills with milk sugar or with green hyacinth or with
glycerine. Action — if pure : it is inert, but generally it contains ordi-
nary phosphorus and hence dangerous.

Preparations . — These should be freshly made, and kept in a cool
place and away from the light.

Oleum Phosphoratum, B P. — Phosphorated oil, containing 1
per cent, of phosphorus by weight in expressed oil of almonds. A
clear, straw-coloured liquid. Phosphorescent in the dark. Used as
liniment or eye-drops (1 in 300) or internally with cod liver oil. Dose
— 1 to 5 ms.

Oleum Morrhuae Phosphoratum. — Phosphorated Cod Liver oil
1 dr. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Pilula Phosphori. — Phosphorus pill, B. P. Contains white bees’-
wax i2’5grs., phosphorus 1, lard 12*5, kanolin 11*5, carbon bisulphide
3. Make a mass, mix the mass with gum acacia (3 to 1), and coat
or varnish with balsam of tolu shaken with ether. Contains 2 per
cent, of phosphorus. Dose — 1 to 2 grs.

SEVUM PHOSPHORATUM.

129

Sevum Phosphoratum. — Phosphorus 1, carbon bisulphide 5, add
prepared suet 9(1 in 10).

Pilula Phosphori cum Ferro. — Contains phosphorated suet 10
grs., reduced iron 150 grs., chloroform 15 ms., compound tragacanth
powder 10 grs. Mix. Make 50 pills, and cover with sandarach solution.
Contains phosphorus ^ gr. and iron 3 grs. Dose — One pill.

Pilula Phosphori cum Quinina.— Phosphorated suet 10 grs.,
quinine 50 grs., chloroform 20 ms., compound tragacanth powder 10
grs. Make 50 pills. Contains phosphorus 3^ gr. and quinine 1 gr.
in each pill. Dose — One pill.

Pilula Phosphori cum quinina et strychnine same as above
with 4*3 gr. of strychnine.

Pilula Damianae Composita. — Contains damiana 2 grs., phos-
phorus gr., and nux vomica J gr. in one pill.

Tinctura Phosphori Composita. — Compound tincture of phos-
phorus. Phosphorus gr., dissolved in chloroform 10 and absolute
alchohol 50. Dose — 3 to 10 ms.

Aither Phosphoratus. — Ethereal tincture of phosphorus (1 in 150
by weight). Dose — 1 to 10 ms.

Elixir Phosphori . — Elixir of phosphorus. Contains -fe gr. in
a drachm. Dose — 15 ms. to 1 dr. Well borne by the stomach.

Zinci Phosphidum. — (See Zinc.)

The Hypophosphites. — Convenient forms for administering
phosphorus. They contain phosphorus in weak combination, decom-
posing, when heated, into phosphoretted hydrogen and pyrophos-
phate. They are all soluble in water. They emit, like phosphorus,
white fumes when held before the flame of a candle. Crystallizable
and soluble in water. The solutions oxidize on exposure to light and
air. They are used as nervine tonics and given in tubercular affec-
tions. The following are the important preparations of hypophos-
phites : —

Ammonii Hypophosphis. — Dose — 1 to 6 grs. ( See Ammonia.)

Calcii Hypophosphis, B.P. — Dose — 3 to 10 grs. (See Calcium.)

Ferri Hypophosphis, Ferrous Hypophosphite. — Dose— 1 to 5 grs,

( See Iron.)

Manganesii Hypophosphis.— (See Manganese.)

J 7

POTASSII HYPOPHOSPHIS.

Potassii Hypophosphis. — Dose — i to 6 grs. (See Potassium.)
Sodii Hypophosphis, B.P. — Dose — 3 to 10 grs. (See Sodium.)

Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositum.— (See Hypophos*
phite.)

Glyceritum Hypophosphitum Compositum.— Contains ingre-
dients of the compound syrup, with glycerine instead of syrup.

Preparations of Glycero-phosphoric Acid . — Lithii glycero-phosphas.
A white, amorphous powder, freely soluble in water. Dose — 3 to 8 grs.
Magnesii glycero-phosphas. — Dose — 3 to 10 grs. Quinine glycero-
phosphas. — Dose — 3 to 8 grs. Sodii glycero-phosphas. — A trans-
parent, straw-coloured, pasty mass, freely soluble in water, used in 50
per cent, solution. — Dose — 5 to 10 grs. Strontii glycero-phosphas. —
Dose — 3 to 8 grs. Manganesii glycero-phosphas. — Dose — 1 to 3 grs.
Elixir glycero-phosphatum. — Contains calcium glycero-phosphate
2, sodium glycero-phosphate 2, iron glycero-phosphate 1, and aromatic
syrup 250. Dose — 1 to 4 drs-. Syrupus glycero-phosphatum^ — Contains
calcium glycero-phosphate 6, sodium glycero-phosphate 2, magnesium
glycero-phosphate 2, iron glycero-phosphate 1, tincture of ignatia
amara 2, pepsin 3, maltine 1, tincture of kola 10, syrup of cherries 200.
Dose— 1 to 4 drs.

Vinum glycero-phosphatum. — Contains 1 per cent, each of calcium
and sodium glycero-phosphates in cinchona and kola wine. Dose— 4 to
12 drs.

Physiological action. — Stimulant* nervine tonic and aphrodisiac; un-
combined phosphorus is a violent poison. It is more energetic than
the chemical compounds. In small doses it is a stimulant of the
brain, heart, stomach and the genital organs. It assists the growth
of bones. In large doses it is poisonous, and a powerful irritant of the
gastro-intestinal tract. It causes nausea, vomiting, purging and great
depression of spirits. Absorbed into the blood, it acts as an hsemati-
nic ; it increases the red corpuscles. It diminishes the excretion of
urea, and causes fatty degeneration of the arterioles and the heart ;
also degeneration or acute atrophy of the liver, leading to jaun-
dice, delirium, coma and death. Therapeutics . — Phosphorus is given
in cases of malnutrition, as rickets, osteomalacea, scrofula, phthisis,
&c. It is used extensively in nervous debility, in chronic nervous
exhaustion, in tubercular meningitis, in threatening cerebral soften-
ing, in paraplegia due to excessive venery, in epileptiform vertigo,
and melancholia ; also in progressive locomotor ataxia, mental worry
in certain forms of neuralgia, ticdouloureux, hemicrania, angina,
lencocythemia and in pernicious anaemia. In insomnia in old people

ACIDUM phosphoricum.

*31

it is given with retinol as a solvent with benefit. As an aphro-
disiac it is extensively used in sexual exhaustion and impotence. In
skin diseases, as eczema, lupus, psoriasis, it is used internally
to stimulate the cutaneous nerves, and is a good substitute for
arsenic.

Acidum Phosphoricum Concentratum, B.P. — Concentrated
phosphoric acid. Contains 66*3 per cent, of hydrogen orthophosphate,
with 33*7 per cent, of water.

To obtain it, burn or oxidize phosphorus in open air, treat
the residue with diluted nitric acid, until nitrous fumes cease to
form.

Characters . — Colourless, syrupy liquid. When evaporated, it leaves
a residue which, when cold, forms glasslike crystals or sticks. Highly
deliquescent. Absorbs moisture from the air, and becomes liquid. It
is then known as orthophosphoric acid. It is without any odour. It
has acid taste and acid reaction. Sp. Gr. 1*5. When heated at a
higher temperature, it becomes converted into glacial phosphoric
acid or meta-phosphoric acid. Dose — 1 to 4 ms.

Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum, B.P. —It contains 13-8 parts
of hydrogen orthophosphate and 86*2 of water.

Characters . — A colourless liquid, of an acid reaction. Dose — 5 to
20 ms. Used also as a solution 10 per cent.

Acidum Phosphoricum Glaciale.— Meta-phosphoric acid, in
colourless crystalline masses or sticks. On exposure to the air,
it absorbs water and is converted into orthophosphoric acid.

Pyrophosphoric acid. — A product of dehydration of phosphoric
acid.

Preparation . — Pyrophosphate of iron.

Actions and uses. — Diluted phosphoric acid, in small doses, is tonic,
aphrodisiac and refrigerant. In large doses it is a nervine stimu-
lant. It is given in diabetes, in advanced stages of typhoid fever,
in calculous affection and to neutralize alkaline urine. It is also used as
an alterative in strumous diseases, as rickets, tuberculosis and
scrofula. It dissolves phosphatic deposits. Locally, the solution is
used as an injection in tubercular glands of the neck and in tubercu-
losis ot' the joints. The solution is also applied to the skin in pruritus,
eczema and ulcers.

Acidum Hypophosphorosum— Hypophosphorus acid.

132

SILICON.

Manufacture.— Heat phosphorus with solution of potassium, so-
dium or calcium hydroxide. Hypophosphite of sodium, potassium
or calcium is formed. Decompose this with tartaric or oxalic
acid.

Characters. — It is a colourless liquid, of an acid taste. Contains
about 30 per cent, of the hypophosphorus acid. Sp. gr. 1*1367.

Used in the preparation of hypo-phosphite solutions and their syrups
and as a solvent for morphine and strychnine for hypodermic
injections. Dose — 2 to 5 ms.

Preparation. — Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. — Diluted hypo-
phosphorus acid, an acid without any odour or colour. Sp.
Gr. 1*046. It contains about 10 per cent, by weight of the pure acid.
Dose — 10 to 40 mm.

Actions and uses. — Hypophosphorus acid and the hypophosphites
are good nervine tonics and highly assimilable. Given in nervous
debility, in incipient stage of phthisis, anaemia and epilepsy; also useful
in acne.

Saccharated Wheat Phosphates.— -The soluble part of bran, con-
sisting of organic phosphates and cerealin, combined with milk
sugar. Useful for rickety children and in impaired digestion and
defective assimilation. Dose — \ to 1 dr.

SILICIUM — SILICON.

Silicon, in combination with oxygen, is known as silica or the earth
of flints. It is found in nature as silicon dioxide, in rocks, crystals,
sand, flint, quartz, agate and various other stones, and in earths and
clay ; also as silicates in basalt, felspar, granite, mica, porphyry, &c.
Like boron, it resembles carbon.

Manufacture.—' Heat together double fluoride of potassium and
silicon with its equal weight of metallic potassium. Throw the fused
mass into cold water, when silicon will be left behind.

Characters. — Crystal or amorphous, dark-brown powder. Non-
fusible, insoluble and non-volatile. Heated in the air, it becomes
converted into silica.

Silica. — Silicon Dioxide. Silicic Oxide. — Contains silicon 28 and
oxygen 32 parts.

Manufacture. — Fuse sand, rock crystal, quartz, agate or flint with
sodium carbonate; lexiviate the product with boiling water, and filter ;
add hydrochloric acid to the filtered liquid, and evaporate to complete
dryness. . _ „

LIQUOR SODII SILICATIS.

1 33

Characters. — A fine, white, tasteless powder. When heated, it forms
salts with sodium, potassium and magnesium. It is freely soluble in
strong alkaline liquids, insoluble in water, insoluble in dilute acids.

Liquor Sodii Silicatis. Solution of Sodium Silicate. Syn. — Water
glass, soluble glass solution.

Characters. — Semi-transparent, yellowish, viscid liquid, of the con-
sistence of treacle, without any odour, and of a sharp saline taste and
alkaline reaction. Contains silica 20 per cent, and soda 10 per cent.

Used as a solution (1 in 10) for lotion or injection.

Actions and uses. — Astringent, antiseptic and antiferment. Has some
power of arresting putrefaction of organic matter. Mainly used in
impregnating surgical bandages. Being lighter, it is used in place of
starch and plaster of paris. Like collodion, it forms a coating in
erysipelas. The solution when diluted is used as an antiseptic for
injection in gonorrhoea and leucorrhoea, also in vaginitis, cystitis, and
into the nose in ozoena, and as a wash in uterine ulceration.

Liquor Potassii Silicatis goes by the same name, and is used for
the same purposes as liquor sodii silicatis.

Magnesii Silicas Hydratus, Hydrated Magnesium Silicate. Meer-
schaum.— A mixture of silica, alumina, iron, and magnesia. A mineral
used in the manufacture of smoking pipes. As an absorbent, the
powder is used iu obstinate choleraic diarrhoea. Dose — ^ to 1 dr.

Talc or Venetian Talc. — A silicate of magnesia, softer than French
chalk.

French chalk. — A natural silicate of magnesium, a soft, unctuous
powder.

Sodii Fluosilicas — Sodium Fluosilicate — Silico-fluoride of sodium.

Characters. — Crystals or white granular powder, without any odour
and without taste. Soluble in water (1 in 200).

Used as injection 2 per cent., gargle J per cent. A solution other-
wise known as salufer , consists of a solution of this salt.

Actions and uses. — Non-irritant, disinfectant, antiseptic, germicide,
deodorant and styptic. As an injection, it is used in gonorrhoea ; as
a mouth-wash or gargle, in diphtheria and sore throat; as a solution for
carious teeth, wounds and for irrigating abscess and other cavities.

Mica — Mica or Muscovy Glass — Is composed of calcium and mag-
nesium silicate, with silicate of iron.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Kabubul arz ; Cing. — Kin; Chin. — Ahih ;

Tidk; Eng.-Talc or Venetian talk; Guz. — Abrak ; Hind.—
Avrak, Abhrak ; Pers, — Talk ; Sans. — Abraka.

134

MUSCOVY GLASS.

Muscovy glass. — It is used in Russia as a substitute for glass.

Characters , — Softer than French chalk. Chiefly found in mountains.
It is a kind of crystalline mineral, of a foliated texture, capable of being
divided into extremely thin flakes or leaves, having a sensible elasticity
and a metallic lustre. The flakes are transparent, soft, and can easily
be scratched ; when divided across, the plates seem rather to tear than
break. The natives speak highly of this drug. There are four varie-
ties— (i) yellowish-white, (2) nearly black, (3) reddish-brown or
greenish, and (4) silvery-white. Of these only two — the nearly black
and silvery-white — are generally used in medicine.

Mica Powder. — Boil mica in the decoction of triphalafor a long time,
or roast or calcine it over a fire, alternately soaking it in the juice of
lemons, till the scales are separated. The calcined scales are ultimately
mixed with the paste of tandul bhaji and finally dried. A hard, heavy,
rose-coloured, amorphous powder, of a saline and earthy taste.

Preparations. — Dhanya Abrak. Mix together mica powder and
powdered rice in equal parts, soak it in hot water, then strain, and
finally dry.

Shashraputi Abrak. — Soak the powder in the juice of akado
(calotropis gigantea) and then calcine ; a dark, heavy powder ; taste
earthy.

Abraka Bhasma.—Heat together dhanya abraka 1 part and
borax 2 parts. Triturate the whole in milk and evaporate. Generally
given with loha bhasma. Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Abraka Kalka (Chatan) Emulsion. — Abraka bhashma, amala,

ginger, pepper, long pepper, vavadinga— equal parts. Mix and reduce
the whole to a uniform mass, then add honey. Dose — 10 to 40 grs.

Actions and uses. — Astringent, tonic, aphrodisiac and alterative.
As a tonic it is used in dyspepsia, low chronic fevers and in seminal
weakness ; combined with iron (mandura) it is given in dyspepsia,
asthma and consumption, and in cachexia due to long continued
discharges from fistulse, abscesses, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, &c. As
an astringent it is largely used in diarrhoea, especially of nervous
origin. As an alterative it is used in enlargement of glands.

Silicate of Aluminum, Felspar or Clay. — Under peculiar circum-
stances and by the action of the carbonic acid gas of the air, this mineral
after a long time suffers complete decomposition, and is converted into
a soft, friable mass of earthy matter (clay) resembling soft mortar.
When the decomposing rock contains, besides felspar, oxide of iron,
the clay produced is iron-coloured. The dark appearance of some clay
is due to its containing bituminous matter.

GOPICHANDAN.

*35

Vernacular. — Hind. — Chikni mitti , Gel, Lang-i-dalam ; Malay.—*
Can. — Ndma ; Guj. — Khadu ; Duk. — Khar , Dhoi-huvi-khari ; Pers.— -
Kadi ; Tam. and Tel. — Namon.

Prepared or purified pipe-clay is used in medicine as a dusting:
powder.

Gopichandan.- — Gopichandan is derived from Gopi, a lake near
Dwarka, and chandan sandalwood. A white earth taken from-
Dwarka. It is a kind of clay brayed in water and, like chandan, used
by the Hindus to make sectarian marks on their faces, chests and arms.

Vernacular . — Bomb. — Gopichandan ; Hind. — Panisoka .

Panisoka is derived from pani water . and soka to absorb. This
clay is an absorber of water.

Characters. — A manganesium iron and an aluminium yellow earth
found in pieces of various shapes, sometimes in the form of dice or
round gray balls, sometimes as two curry dishes, one placed over the.
other ; the cut surface resembles Multani mati, but, unlike it, it is not.
stratified. The taste is earthy and peculiar, smell resembling that of.
Multani mdti. Water poured upon it is soon absorbed. Used as
an absorbent powder.

Actions and uses. — Cooling and desiccant. It is applied to the fore-
head with rose-water to relieve headache and also to inflamed boils.
From its property to absorb moisture, it is used locally for unhealthy
discharges from wounds and ulcers,.

Kaolinum, B.P. — A native white aluminium silicate.

Habitat . — China, Ceylon, S. and E. Asia.

Vernacular. — China clay* Porcelain clay ; Cin g.—Kira mailt.

Occurs naturally in some parts of England. To obtain it, purify
native white aluminium silicate by elutriation, which removes silica
and undecomposed felspar. It is thus converted into a soft, friable,
whitish, earthy mass. It is pulverizable, insoluble in water or in
dilute acids. Pure kaolin contains alumina 70, silica 26, iron oxide 4.

Unguentum kaolin contains vaseline, paraffin, and kaolin.

Actions and uses. — Emollient. Used as an absorbent or as a dusting-
powder for infants and for irritable skin. A paste of it is used as a
cooling application to the head in fevers. Also applied to the scrotum,
in epididymitis, and to other enlarged glands. Its chief use in phar-
macy is as an excipient with paraffin for making pilis, containing
decomposable substances, such as permanganate of potassium,. &c.

336

KIESELGUHR.

Kieselguhr.— Syn. White Peat. A diatomaceous earth which?
when burnt into a furnace, turns into an extremely light powder.
It is composed of almost pure silica.

Actiojis cmd uses. — With iodoform it is used in insufflations owing
to its lightness and absorbent property in naso-pharyngeal affec-
tions and gynaecological practice ; also for dressing either a soft or
a hard chancre. A powder composed of burnt kieselguhr and
iodoform, to which a varying proportion of eucalyptus oil or other
fragrant substance is added, is used as a dusting powder in
erythema, eczema and erysipelas.

Cimolite. — White Fuller’s Earth. — Syn. Terra cimolia.

Characters. — A natural variety of steatite, composed chiefly of
silicate of magnesium. A soft, dull, greasy kind of clay.

Actions and uses. — It has the property of absorbing oil and greasy
matter. Used in excoriations and cracks. As a dusting powder in
eczema, it is superior to zinc oxide, calamine, bismuth carbonate,
and starch.

Thymolite. — A silicate of magnesium preparation, containing thymol.

Used as an application for prickly heat.

Dimatos. — A light, infusorial earth, consisting principally of silica.

Emol. — Emol is a silicious product, containing alumina, lime and
steatite. Resembles China clay.

Characters. — Flesh-coloured impalpable powder, as soft as down to
the touch. It contains a considerable quantity of soapstone, as well as
silica, alumina, traces of calcium salts and ferrous oxide. Used as
dusting powder.

Actions and uses. — -Emollient, absorbent, astringent and antipruritic,
allied to Fuller’s Earth. As a dusting powder, it is quite innocuous.
As an antipruritic, it is used in urticaria, during the eruptive period
of measles, in eczema, erythema, &c.

Fuller's Earth . — An aluminium silicate, with traces of iron. Grey
coloured powder, less pure than kaolin.

Used in the fulling of cloth, its property being to absorb oil and
greasy matter. It is similar to kaolin, but less pure.

Seleinte. — A native calcium sulphate ; a variety of gypsum. A soft
and pearly powder, used as a dusting powder.

SANG A JIRUN.

137

Sanga Jirun. — It is composed of alumina, sulphate of lime, oxide
of iron, and silicate of magnesia.

Vernacular.— Eng.— Soapstone, Potslone ; Guz — Sanga jirun, Sankha
jirun ; Hind. — Sange jiraliata ; Mah. — Shankha jin ; Pers. Sange
jirahata ; T am . — B ulpam.

Sang jirfln, a corruption of Sang jirAhat, which means a styptic
stone.

Characters, — Flat, irregular pieces or thick masses ; colour brownish-
white or grey. Flat or very smooth and unctuous to the touch.
It has the appearance of soap. Insoluble in water. Without any
taste, easily pulverizable, and yields a soft, slippery powder. On
section the cut surface is silvery, shining, and granular. Dose— 5 to
20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Astringent, desiccant and styptic. With milk,
cream or brown sugar it is given in dysentery, diarrhoea, menorrhagia
and leucorrhcea. Externally it is aplied to syphilitic sores and ulcers,
and also to check bleeding from the nose and from external wounds.
A paste of it is applied with whey to burns and scalds.

Bezoar. — It is composed of silicate of magnesia, iron and antimony.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Faduj mddani, Badzahre, Hajr-ul-bahr ; Bomb*
— Pouzera madani ; Cing. — Visagul ; Duk. — Kani-pao-zehar , Gairun ;
Eng. — • Mineral stone , serpent stone ; Guz. — Zera mahrd , Gent chanda?ia;
Hind. — Pedaru bazoar , Kani-zahr-mohrah ; Malay. — Goliga , Mantika ;
perSt — Gaozereh,Padzahre-kani ; Sans. — Garocliana ; Singh. — Visaghul;
Tam. — Visha kallu , Pamu kallu ; Tel. — Geruda-petsa-rai.

Characters. — A variety of soapstone. Occurs in very irregular and
angular pieces, of light yellow colour, of various shapes and sizes.
Resembles pieces of marble or tamarind stone. The surface is
generally rough. Taste astringent. Smell resembles that of pipe-clay.
Dose— -1 to 2 grs.

Actions and uses. — It is used in native practice as a nervine tonic,
deobstruent and astringent, given in obstinate vomiting, in diarrhoea
in children, and in profuse or troublesome and painful menstruation.
With Terminalia chebula its paste is applied to the mouth of children
in stomatitis.

Ochre. — An earthy mixture of alumina silica, impure sesquioxides
of iron and other mineral substances.

Habitat. — Punjab bazars. South of India.

iS

138

GIL-I-MAKHTUM.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Maghrahu ; Eng. — Red bole , Yellow ochre ,
Reddle or Red chalk , Red earth ; Guz.—Hiringi pewdee , Geru mati ;
Hind. — Geru mati, Geru peoodee ; Mah. — Geru; Pers. — Gile surkh ;
Sans. — Gairika, Rakta-pashan ; Tel. or Tam. — Sona geru.

It is generally used by goldsmiths. It is dearer in price than, and
superior in quality to, the Geru mati.

Under the generic name of ochre, several earthy mixtures of
alumina, silica, calcareous and argillacious earth and oxide of iron are
used. They are distinguished from one another by difference of
colour, which depends upon the proportion of oxide of iron present.
It may be yellow or brown, sometimes red.

Characters . — Ochre is a clay found in lead and iron ore, and con-
tains more oxide of iron than any other clay.

There are two varieties — bole (yellow) and red ochre. The bole is of
a yellow or brown colour and seldom used in medicine. It may
be changed into red by calcination. Red ochre or red chalk is of a
blood or deep-red colour. It sometimes occurs in powder and
sometimes as hard and red laminated pieces. It has an earthy
texture, and stains the fingers when handled. It very rapidly absorbs
water. The taste is earthy, slightly astringent, and somewhat
mucilaginous. Used as a dusting powder.

Actions and uses . — Astringent and cooling. Used as a local appli-
cation for burns, scalds, foul ulcers, boils, pustular and herpetic
eruptions, and aphthous sores about the mouth.

Gil-i-Makhtum. — A deep red or white or variegated coloured soft and
irregular piece, consisting chiefly of white carbonate of lime and per-
oxide of iron.

Actions and uses. — Styptic and desiccant. Used for dusting abraded
surfaces.

Bole Armenian — Bolus armeniacus.— It is composed of silicate of
alumina, magnesia and oxide of iron.

Vernacular. — Arab.*— -Tene aramani , Hajr armeni ; Eng. — Berlin
red'. Hind. — Gil-e-armani, Gherumitti ; Mar. — Phula-geru ; Pers. —
Gil-armeni ; Java — Tannam poo ; Punj. — Harmazi ; Sans. — Guru kallu ;
Tam. — Sime kavi kallu ; Tel. — Tima kavirai

Characters . — It is an argillaceous or calcareous mineral, one of the
hydrous silicates of alumina, met with artificially made into small
cakes and stamped with certain impressions. It is a red, rough, brittle
earth, occurring in laminated masses or irregular pieces of a reddish-
brown or variegated colour. It is soft and somewhat heavy. On

BORON.

*39

section it is found to be granular and sprinkled with white particles.
The cut portion resembles a piece of rhubarb ; when exposed to the
air, it absorbs moisture very rapidly. If thrown into water, it readily
crumbles ; when put into the mouth, it sticks firmly to the tongue.
Used as a powder or paste. Dose — 5 to 30 grs.

Actions and uses. — Refrigerant, astringent, absorbent. Internally
the powder with cream is given in advanced cases of dysentery.
Pregnant women eat this and other unctuous earths to allay craving
for food. A paste of it is used as an application to Inflamed and
swollen glands ; also to ulcers and raw surfaces.

I Ny

Gil-i-Abrorshi — Gil-e-Far. — Hasan dhup (Ind. Bazar) Gil. Pers.
— Earth, Clay. Composed of silicate of aluminium lime and oxide
of iron. A kind of clay found in the deposit from mineral springs con-
taining sulphur. A rough, hard, but not brittle earth, made into
cakes of a yellow or pink colour. The surface when touched adheres
to the fingers as a yellow powder. In smell it resembles Mult&ni
mati. Its taste is somewhat astringent.

Hasan dhup is a mere imitation — an earthy clay mixed with ground
sulphur and made into cakes. It is also called Moses’ stone from its
lamellar structure.

Actions and uses.— Astringent, desiccant. Similar to Mult&ni mflti.
The paste is applied to the head in headache and to the nose in
epistaxis.

Gil-i-Multani. — It is composed of aluminium silicate, with a trace
of iron.

Vernacular. — Bomb. — Multani mati ; Duk. — Mith-gachni ; Eng.
Fuller’s Earth; Hind. — Gil-i-multani; Pers. — Gil ; Sind. — Meta; Tam.
or Tel. — Gope.

Characters . — Soft, saponaceous earth, occurring in pieces of porous
clay, of a light greenish-brown colour, sprinkled with yellow. Each
piece consists of a number of flat stratified layers. Its smell resembles
that of Geru mati. Taste very mucilaginous and astringent. It readily
absorbs water, and becomes converted into a gritty powder.

Actions and uses. — Refrigerant, astringent and deobstruent. The
paste is applied to the forehead in headache and to the nose in
epistaxis. As a deobstruent it is applied to inflammatory swellings
and swollen glands.

Boron. — This element resembles carbon. It occurs chiefly as boric
or boracic acid or as borax.

140

CHLORINE.

Manufacture. — Heat together double fluoride of boron and potassium
and metallic potassium in an iron vessel, wash out the soluble salts
with water, and evaporate.

Characters. — A dull, greenish-brown powder. On burning, it absorbs
oxygen from the air, producing boric oxide which, when united
with water, forms boric acid. Boric oxide combines with metallic
oxides, and forms metallic borates.

HALOGENS— HALOIDS.

•r

Halogen, meaning produced from the sea, in allusion to their
original source. The elements chlorine, bromine, iodine and
flourine are called halogens, their original source being the ocean.
Chlorine from sea salt, iodine from sea-weed, bromine from sea-water.
They all have allied properties and affinity for hydrogen.

CHLORINE.

Chlorine, so called in allusion to the light green colour of the gas.
It exists abundantly in the inorganic kingdom. It is also found in
both the animal and vegetable products ; with metallic bases it forms
chlorine compounds, e.g., chlorates of potassium and sodium,
chlorides of-ammonium, calcium, potassium, sodium, mercury, iron,
gold, zinc, &c.

To obtain it, mix manganese dioxide with hydrochloric acid and
water, and apply gentle heat. At an ordinary temperature it is a
greenish-yellow gas, of a peculiar, acrid, suffocating odour and astrin-
gent taste ; very soluble in water. It bleaches all vegetable colours.

Gargarisma chlori — Chlorine gargle. — Contains free chlorine. It is
prepared by mixing chlorate of sodium 10 grs., hydrochloric acid 30
ms. To the gas add distilled water to make a pint, used as a deter-
gent and to remove follicular patches.

Liquor Chlori — Aqua chlori — Chlorine water. To obtain it, heat
manganese dioxide 10 and hydrochloric acid 35, then saturate water
400 with the gas so obtained or pass chlorine gas into water. It
should contain 2*66 gas of chlorine in one ounce. Sp. Gr. 1*003.

Characters . — A clear, greenish-yellow liquid, of suffocating odour and
disagreeable taste. Decolorizes litmus. Dose — 10 to 20 ms., well
diluted. Used as a lotion or spray.

Chlorinated lime — ( See Calx Chlorinata.)

Solution of chlorinated soda— (See Liquor Sodae Chlorinate.)

Physiological actions. — Chlorine in the presence of moisture is anti-
septic, disinfectant and deodorizer. Its chief value depends upon its

ACIDUM HYDRACHLORICUM.

14!

disinfecting property. It has great affinity for hydrogen. It acts upon
various specific germs ; it decomposes all bodies containing hydrogen
as a molecular constituent, and forms hydrochloric acid. It also sets
free oxygen in the form of ozone. When taken into the stomach, it is
converted into hydrochloric acid and chlorides. Locally it is an
irritant and vesicant to the skin and mucous membranes. If
inhaled, it irritates the nose, fauces, and produces cough, spasm of the
glottis, and even inflammation of the respiratory passages and lungs.
Chlorine water is a local stimulant, antiseptic, and disinfectant. As an
inhalation it is given in various specific fevers, tuberculosis, phthisis,
and chronic bronchitis. Locally a strong solution of chlorinated soda
is a good application to bites of venomous serpents and insects. Diluted
chlorine water is used locally to promote healing of sloughing ulcers,
gangrenous wounds, aphthae, &c. As a wash for the hand after
contact with infectious diseases it is of great benefit. Internally as an
antiseptic it is given in diphtheria. It is used as a gargle in unhealthy
conditions of the mucous membranes of the mouth, larynx and
pharynx. Vapour chlori is used to disinfect sick rooms, drains, and
discharges from the body.

Acidum Hydrochloricum, B.P. — Hydrochloric acid, muriatic acid.

Manufacture. — Add sodium chloride to sulphuric acid and apply
heat. Hydrochloric acid gas will be evolved. Dissolve this gas
in cold water. It contains 31*79 per cent, by weight of pure acid
gas (hydrogen chloride) and 68*21 of water.

Characters. — It is a clear, suffocating, fuming liquid, of an intensely
acid reaction, of a pungent odour and acid taste. Sp. Gr. n6o. It
forms salts.

Preparations. — Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum, B. P. Diluted
Hydrochloric acid. — Contains 10*58 per cent, by weight of hydrogen
chloride. Dose — 5 to 20 ms.

Acidum Nitro Hydrochloricum — (See Nitric Acid.)

Physiological action. — A powerful, highly diffusible caustic, escharotic
and corrosive. It destroys lower organisms. It absorbs or abstracts
the water of the tissues and coagulates albumen. In a diluted form
it is antifermentative, antialkaline, astringent, tonic and refrigerant.
It acts injuriously when in contact with the teeth. It stimulates the
parotid and maxillary glands and promotes the flow of saliva. In the
stomach it lessens the acid secretion. In the intestines it excites
the intestinal alkaline gland secretions, also secretion of bile, &c.
Locally as an escharotic it is applied to phagedenic and gangrenous

IODUM.

I42

ulcers, to cancrum oris and warts. Diluted hydrochloric acid as
a refrigerant quenches thirst in typhoid and continued fevers. As
a tonic it is given before meals in atonic dyspepsia dependent upon
the deficient secretion of the gastric juice. In syphilis and chronic
stage of whooping cough and in phthisis it is beneficial* As a
stimulant adjunct to gargles it is used in affections of the throat
and fauces.

IODUM, B.P.

Iodine. — A non-metallic element, existing in nature as salts in
combination with potassium, sodium, magnesium and*various other
metals. It is found in sea-weed, sea-water, in several mineral waters,
in fresh-water plants, in sponge, corals, and molluscus animals as
oysters, also in eggs, cod-liver oil, rock salt and several ores. On the
Himalaya it is found in a species of laminaria and known as goitre
leaf or Gular-kd patt (Hind.).

A solid element obtained from mineral iodies and iodates, also
from petrified ashes of sea-weeds, otherwise known as kelp. To
the kelp, add water to dissolve soluble salts, filter and evaporate
whereby less soluble alkaline chlorides, sulphates and carbonates are
separated and crystallized. The remaining solution contains the
iodidide of sodium and iodide of magnesium. This is next treated
with binoxide of manganese and sulphuric acid, when iodine is set
free.

Characters . — It occurs in scales or rhombic prisms, of a dark brown
or bluish black colour, of metallic lustre, very disagreeable and irritat-
ing odour, acrid taste and neutral reaction. It is highly volatile and
readily yields a violet-coloured vapour. It stains the skin, and readily
penetrates animal tissues. It is freely soluble in bisulphide of carbon,
chloroform, rectified spirit (1 in 10), and ether, slightly so in water (1 in
5000), but readily soluble in water containing solution of potassium,
iodide or sodium chloride. The solution becomes deep blue with
starch. Dose— J to £ gr.

The stain may be removed by ammonia, by alkaline sulphites,
bisulphites, hyposulphites, or by sodium sulphhydrate, also by
alkalies or alkaline salts.

Preparations of Iodine —

Collodium Iodi (1 to 15). — When locally applied it protects the
parts and prevents volatilizations of iodine.

Glycerinum Iodi— Iodine i, Glycerin 50. Used as pigment.

IODIZED WOOL. 143

Iodized Wool. — Saturate absorbent wool 94, with iodine 6, dis-
solved in ether 200, and dry.

Iodized Oil. — Oleum Iodi (1 in 20). A preparation which is readily
absorbed, does not stain the skin or cause any irritation. Applied
locally in rheumatism, to sprains, enlarged glands, and to the chest in
bronchitis.

Injectio Iodi Hypodermica Fortissima.— Iodine 360 grs.,
potassium iodide 360 grs., water 4^ drs.; should measure 1 oz. and
contains f gr. of iodine in each minim. Dose — 3 to 5 minims for
fibrous bronchocele.

Iodo Glycerin Solution (1 in 50), Morton’s fluid.— Iodine 10 grs.,
potassium iodide 30 grs., water 25 ms. and glycerine to 1 ounce, used
as injection, into the tumour in cases of spina bifida. Dose — 30 ms.

Iodo Salicylic Acid, and Di Iodo Salicylic Acid.— (See lodo-
salicylic Acid.)

Liquor Iodi Fortis, B.P. — Strong solution of iodine. Linimen-
tum Iodi, contains iodine 5, iodide of potassium 3, distilled water 5
and alcohol 36.

Liquor Iodi. — Solution of iodine, Lugol’s solution. Iodine 2, potas-
sium iodide 3, water to 40. Dose 1 to 10 ms. well diluted.

Pigmentum Iodi et Olei Picis.— Pigmentum Picis cum Iodo ;
Coster’s paste, contains iodine 120 grs., oil of wood tar (oleum picis)
1 ounce. This is a chemical combination free from the irritating pro-
perties of free iodine. May also be prepared from creosote, but the
resulting compounds are more irritating. The paste is used for ring-
worm of the scalp.

Tinctura Iodi, B.P. — Tincture of iodine ; contains iodine £, potas-
sium iodide water ^ and alcohol to make 20. Dose — 2 to 5 ms.
For local application, injection into cavities, &c.

Tinctura Iodi iEtherea.— Same as tinctura iodi, but made with
ether.

Tinctura Iodi Decolorata. — In this the colour is removed by
means of liquor ammoniae fortis. The strength is the same as of
tinctura iodi. It is more suited for exposed surfaces.

Tinctura Iodi Oleosa. — Iodine 1, rectified spirit 9, castor oil 2.
Mix. Does not crack the skin. Used as inunction in enlarged glands.

H4

UNGUENTUM IODI.

Unguentum Iodi, B.P.— ’Ointment of Iodine (4 per cent.),
contains iodine 1, potassium iodide 1, glycerine 3, lard 20.

Iodized Starch. — Amyli iodidum — See Amyl iodide.

Pasta Iodi et Amyli — -Starch I, glycerin 2, water 6, solution of
iodine 1. Mix. For foul syphilitic sores. It rapidly heals syphilitic-
ulcers of the face.

Vapour Iodi iEtherealis — Contains iodine, ether, creosote or
thymol, carbolic acid and rectified spirit, Used for respirators.

Carbolized iodine solution contains iodine 0*3 grs., carbolic acid
2*2 grs. and water 1 ounce. Used as a gargle, inhalation or paint in
diphtheria, as injection into the uterus and as a douche in ozcena ; has
been given internally for Asiatic cholera. Dose — 10 ms.

Iodised Phenol— Carbolated Iodine ( 1 to 4 Locally for intra-
uterine injection and application to the ringworm of the scalp.

Papier Iodogen — A French preparation. A paper impregated with
iodate and iodide of potassium and tartaric acid. For local application.

Pigmentum Iodi — Iodine 2, iodide of potassium 1, glycerine 4.

Used to destroy vegetable parasites.

Physiological action. —Disinfectant, antiseptic, anti-malarial, counter-
irritant, rubefacient, and corrosive. It is an irritant of the skin and the
mucous membranes. It imparts to the skin a brown stain. It combines
with the albumen of the tissues, sets up irritation and severe pain,
with exfoliation of the epidermis. In large doses it leads to vesication.
The vapour, when inhaled, irritates the nose, fauces and the respiratory
passages, giving rise to cough, sneezing and dyspnoea. As a dis-
infectant it destroys low organisms, unites with their hydrogen, and thus
breaks up noxious compounds. Iodine salts are easily diffusible.
They are soon decomposed, setting free iodine which is eliminated
with the urine, sweat, breath, &c.

Internally in small doses it is alterative, antiseptic and a stimulant of
the skin, mucous membrane, and the secreting and excreting organs
and of the lymphatic system. In large doses its salts irritate the
mucous membrane of the alimentary canal, leading to ptyalism, saline
taste in-the mouth, foeted breath, swelled gums, coryza, sore throat,
redness of the eyes, profuse mucous discharges, headache, scalding in
the urine, temporary impotence, pain over the brow, acne eruptions on
the face and hands. When long continued they produce iodism.
The symptoms are, great waste and elimination of waste products
leading to progressive anaemia, emaciation and mental depression.

ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM.

*45

Therapeutics. — As ail alterative it stands next to mercury. In asthma
large doses give perhaps the best results. As a stimulant of the
lymphatic system it removes normal or abnormal deposits or fluids,
and causes their absorption. As an alterative it improves the nutri-
tion and reduces inflammatory processes ; it has a specific action on
syphilis, especially in the second or third stage, and it is given with
benefit in scrofula, tuberculosis, bronchocele and in a lesser degree
in chronic inflammations, in chronic rheumatism, gout, in chronic
enlargement of the liver, spleen, uterus or ovaries. In certain forms
of neuralgia, and in malarial fever, iodine, combined with carbolic
acid, succeeds where quinine, cinchonidin and other antiperiodics
have failed. As a gastric sedative, it is given in various forms of
vomiting, as in vomiting of phthisis, pregnancy, alcoholism and that
due to gastric ulcer, chlorosis, &c. It is successfully given in
dropsies, chronic suppurating glands, and in later stages of pneumonia,
pleurisy, peritonitis, hepatitis, &c. In chronic skin diseases as lichen,
urticaria, and lupus where itching is intolerable it is given internally
with benefit. Externally as a stimulant and antiseptic ointment, it is
locally used in enlarged liver or spleen. As a counter-irritant its
tincture or ointment is applied to cause absorption of various morbid
fluids. Insufflation of iodine with tannin and starch is used in
sores, ulcers, wounds, glandular tumours and chronic hypertrophied
tonsils. In ovarian cysts, empyema, abscesses, cavities and in fistula
it is injected with success. It is applied to the abdomen in ascites
and in erysipelas. Locally the tincture is painted over spongy gums
and to remove tartar from the teeth. As an inhalation its vapour is
recommended in acute catarrh, hay fever, also in laryngeal and
pharyngeal affections, in chronic pulmonary and bronchial affections
and in phthisis. In dropsical affections as hydrocephalus, hydrothorax,
&c., it is given internally or applied locally.

Acidum Hydr-iodicum. Syn. — Hydr-iodic Acid.

Manufacture. — Mix potassium iodide and potassium hypophosphite
in water, add tartaric acid. To this add alcohol, shake, filter and
evaporate over a water bath.

Preparation. — Syrupus acidi hydr-iodici contains 1 per cent, of
absolute hydr-iodic acid, a mild preparation of iodine liable to change
by exposure to air, when free iodine is formed. Dose — 20 to 60 ms.

Actions and uses. — A substitute for iodine and for the iodides. It
is an alterative, antiseptic and absorbent, less offensive to the taste
and stomach. It is indicated in asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmo-
nary catarrh, goitre, &c.

19

Iq6

BROMINE.

lodi Terchloridi, Terchloride of Iodine.

M mufacture.—^'codox ;ed by treating iodine at a gentle heat with
chlorine in excess. It crystallises in orange-yellow needles.

Characters . — Melts at 20° to 250, giving off chlorine which it reabsorbs
on pooling.

Liquor lodi Terchloridi (1 in 20). Dose — 2 to 5 minims in an ounce
of water every two hours.

Actions and uses. It has been claimed for it that it can be used in all
diseases caused by germs and their products,' — ptomaines and toxines
or organic poisons of a similar nature — particularly in all fevers, such
as malarial, typhus, typhoid and bubonic plague and in disorder of the
stomach arising from gastric fermentation and in diarrhoea, dysentery
and cholera ; also as an alterative in phthisis and syphilis.

Alkalies and alkaloids should not be combined with it in the mixture ;
but caffeine, digitalis, &c., may be administered alternately.

It is also used in half to one drachm doses diluted to two to four
pints as an enema for flushing the intestinal canal under the belief that
it destroys all germs and poisons accumulated therein. It is being
extensively tried in plague, malarial and other fevers in Bombay.

Unguentum lodi Terchloridi —5 grs. in an ounce. For external
application for skin affections.

BROMINE.

A liquid, non-metallic element. Bromine is never met with in a
free state. It is found in both kingdoms in nature, in sea-water
and in brine springs in combination with sodium, magnesium or
calcium. It is also found in sea plants and in kelp. In combination
with metals it forms various compounds or salts.

Manufacture. — Pass chlorine gas into bittern which is the mother
liquor left after the crystallization of common salt in salt pans, and shake
with ether when magnesium bromide of the bittern is converted into
chloride of magnesium, and bromine is separated ; or concentrate
the bittern and add sulphuric acid and manganese dioxide.

Characters — A brownish-red mobile liquid, highly volatile and
evolving highly irritating yellowish red vapour; the odour is suffocating,
and resembles that of chlorine. It is a powerful bleaching agent,
soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform ; also in 30 parts of water and
in carbon bisulphide. It becomes yellow with starch solution.

Physiological action. — Locally a powerful escharotic, very irritating
and painful, also deodorant and antiseptic. If inhaled, it irritates the
nose and leads to cough and dyspnoea. Its vapour irritates the eyes.

ACTDTJM HYDROBROMICUM,

Internally it is a violent irritant poison ; it irritates the stomach.
Bromine salts depress the heart, respiration, and cerebral and spinaf
centres. They are very diffusible, decompose in t.he blood, and are
eliminated by the skin, kidneys, bronchi, intestines and fauces. If
long continued they have a sedative action on the sympathetic system.
They lower the arterial tension, also cause anaemia of the brain, spinal
cord, skin and of the sexual organs, causing somnolence, anaesthesia
of the skin and mucous membranes, emaciation, acne, cold extremities,
foetid breath, and want of co-ordination. In some cases they lead to
mental depression causing hallucinations, melancholia, with tendency
to suicide. In medicinal doses they are sedative, hypnotic and
antispasmodic. They produce sleep, lessen sexual excitement, and
soothe the mental irritability. Previous and prolonged use of opium
or morphine renders the use of bromides more effective in smaller
doses.

Therapeutic uses . — The vapour of bromine in hot water is inhaled
in coryza, hay asthma, diphtheria, and membranous croup. Bromine
is employed for destroying the foetid smell of uterine cancer, chancres
and hospital gangrene. Its solution is applied locally, or 5 to 6 ms.
injected into the tissues in epithelial cancer of the cervix uteri. It
may be given internally in membranous croup and diphtheria.

Acidum Hydrobromicum. — Pure hydrobromic acid is a colour-
less gas of a pungent irritating odour, producing dense white fumes.

Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum, B.P. Diluted Hydrobromic
Acid. — Distil together potassium bromide and concentrated phospho-
ric acid ; or add tartaric acid solution to the solution of bromide of
potassium. It contains 10 per cent, by weight of hydrogen bromide.

6 minims is equal to one grain of potassium bromide. It is a clear,,
colourless liquid, slightly volatile, without any odour, and strong acid
taste. Dose — 15 to 60 ms.

Physiological action . — Diluted hydrobromic acid is a vascular and
nervine sedative. In small doses alterative, diuretic, stimulant and
tonic like other mineral acids. Its action) however, on the nervous
system and circulation is like that of the bromides* but without the
depressing effects of potassium. It acts chiefly on the lymphatic
system.

Therapeutic uses. — It is given in scrofula, erysipelas, chronic skin
diseases. In epilepsy a drachm dose is given with benefit. In
tonsillitis, aneurism, whooping cough, in neuralgia, and insomnia it is
of great benefit. It is a good solvent of quinine, and is preferred to
other acids, under the belief that thus combined quinism is prevented'*

148

FLUORINE,

and the head symptoms are less frequent. Like iodine it is a deo-
dorizer and disinfectant. In palpitation of the heart with general
nervous excitability, in hysteria, and in vomiting of pregnancy it is
equally useful.

Fluorine. — A gaseous element of the odour of chlorine gas. It
has great affinity for metals and chiefly for silicium. As fluorspar
or calcium fluoride it exists in nature in considerable quantities.

Acidum Hydrofluoricum Purum — Pure Hydrofluoric, Fluorhydric or
Fluoric Acid (Hydrogen Fluoride).

Heat calcium fluoride (fluorspar) with concentrated sulphuric acid,
when a volatile colourless liquid emitting suffocating fumes is
obtained. This is re-distilled for medicinal purposes. A colourless
transparent mobile liquid, fuming densely at ordinary temperature,
absorbing water very greedily from the air. It is an aqueous solution,
containing about 30 per cent, of Hydrofluoric acid gas.

Preparation. — Acidum fluoricum dilutum, containing \ per cent, of the
acid. Dose — 10 to 30 ms. Used as solution, \ per cent, as inhalation.

Actions and uses. — Fluoric acid is a powerful escharotic, affects deep
tissues, and causes a dry or painful slough. As an alterative the
dilute acid is given in bronchocele or goitre. The air passing through
a mixture of 1 of hydrofluoric acid and 3 of water is inhaled in
laryngeal diphtheria and in phthisis.

Ammonii fluoridum. — Recommended for hypertrophy of the spleen.
Administered in solution. Dose — to \ gr.

Ferri fluoridum. — Ferrous fluoride, a purplish insoluble powder.

Dose— ^4 to ^ gr.

Quininae fluoridum. — Dose — ^ to \ gr.

METALS.

These are divided into light and heavy metals. Light metals include
(1) Alkalies, (2) Alkaline Earths, and (3) Earths.

Alkali. — Found in Southern India, which is particularly rich in
alkaline and earthy minerals. Hind.— Khar.

POTASSIUM — KALIUM.

Potassium from Pot and ash — salts evaporated in pots from wood
ash.

Potassium — the metallic base of potassa or potash. It never
occurs in nature in its free state, but is found extensively as carbon-
ate in wood ashes remaining after the combustion of plants or trees.

POTASS II ACETAS.

H9

It is an important constituent of plants and animals. In rocks,
/felspar and granite it exists as double silicate. Plants derive potas-
sium salts from disintegrated rocks, chiefly the silicate. From the
rocks it is absorbed by the rain, percolates through the soil, and is
taken up by the roots. From the wood it is prepared by incineration.
It is found in the native wood as acetate, but is also found in the
plants as chloride, citrate, sulphate, tartrate, &c. On incineration,
these are converted into carbonate. As potassium bitartrate it is
found in argol deposited during the fermentation of wine.

Characters. — A brilliant white metal, soft, and could easily be cut
with a knife. Exposed to the air it oxidises and becomes covered
with a crust of caustic potash. Thrown upon water it burns with
a purple or violet flame, yielding alkaline solution.

Potassii Acetas, B. p. — Potassium Acetate. Syn, — Sal diure-
ticus. Obtained by fusing the product of the interaction of acetic
acid and potassium carbonate.

Characters. — A white satiny powder or crystalline mass, very deli-
quescent, without any odour, of a saline taste and of a faintly alka-
line reaction, soluble in water (2 to 1) and in alcohol (1 in 2). Dose —
10 to 60 grs.

Actions and uses. — An organic acid salt converted in the stomach
into carbonate. Potassium acetate is a mild alterative, diuretic, and
aperient in large doses. As a diuretic it is given in dropsies, in
diseases of the liver and spleen, and in acute jaundice and fever.
Also given in rheumatism, chronic skin diseases, in gonorrhoea, and
in glandular enlargements.

Potassii Benzoas, Potassium Benzoate.

Add benzoic acid to a hot Potassium carbonate solution and
evaporate. A crystalline powder of a faint benzoic odour and
slightly astringent taste, freely soluble in water. Dose — 15 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses.' — Lithontriptic. Given in cystitis with lithic

acid diathesis. Other actions and uses are similar to those of sodium
benzoate.

Potassii Bichromas, B.P. Syn. — Potassium Bichromate — Red
chromate of potassium. Potassium dichromate. Add chrome-iron-
ore, potassium carbonate and lime, apply heat, and roast ; when cool,
make a fine powder. It occurs as orange red prisms, without any
odour and of a bitter disagreeable metallic taste, soluble in cold water
(1 in 10), in boiling water (1 in 7), and insoluble in alcohol. It

POTASSII CANTHARIlMSb

150

coagulates albumen. Dose — to J grain ; used as pill ; as aqueous
solution 5 per cent.

Preparation . — Acidum Chromicum, B.P.— ^-Chromic Acid, Chromic
Trioxide, Chromic Anhydride.

Actions and uses.'— It is an antiseptic, milder escharotic than
chromic acid. Internally it is an alterative and astringent. Thera-
peutics. — Used as a caustic in polypi, warts and other excrescences,
syphilitic nodules, sores, &c. Fof sweating of the feet a solution of
it is used with benefit. In polypi of the nose, snuff composed of
bichromate of potash with sugar of milk (1 to 9) is beneficial. In
ulcerated sore throat and in enlarged tonsils a gargle of the bichro*
mate (1 in 250) and in catarrh of the nose and vagina a solution of
1 in 500 is used. Internally it is given in locomotor ataxia, dyspep-
sia, chronic gastric ulcers, chronic intestinal catarrh and secondary
syphilis ; also given in scrofulous eczema, in marasmus, in chronic
diseases of the liver, kidneys, skin and bones and of the bronchial
mucous membranes.

Fotassii Cantharidas. — Dissolve crystallized cantharidine and
potassium hydrate in distilled water, and evaporate. Occurs as fine
crystals or white amorphous powder, soluble in water, used as solu-
tion (1 in 1700). Dose — 3^ to of a grain, or of the solution
3 to 6 ms. hypodermically.

Actions and uses . — Anti-tubercular. A remedy for the treatment of
tuberculosis.

Potassil BrOmidum, B.P. — Potassium Bromide. — Add a slight
excess of bromine to a strong solution of potassium hydroxide, the
solution of potassium bromide and bromate is formed. Evaporate to
dryness. Fuse with charcoal to decompose the bromate ; purify and
crystallize. Occurs as colourless or white cubical crystals Or
granules without any odour, and of a pungent saline taste, soluble in
water (1 in 2) and alcohol (1 in 200). Contains 60 per cent, of bromine.
Dose — As an alterative, 5 to 20 grs. ; as a soporific, 15 to 40 grs.

Physiological action. — A powerful nervine and respiratory sedative,
cardiac depressant and muscular paralyzant. It is also alterative,
resolvent and antispasmodic. It is slowly eliminated by the kidneys.
It is a local stimulant, causing contraction of the blood vessels*
It is a powerful sedative of the sexual system and of the mucous mem-
branes of the bladder, larynx, pharynx and stomach. Therapeutic
uses. — In a concentrated form its solution is locally applied to
check epistaxis and uterine haemorrhages ; also used as an injection

POTASSII CARBONAS IMPURA,

151

| ft cofyza. In all irritative diseases of the generative system, depend-

ent upon or connected with undue sexual excitement, potassium
bromide or the ammonium bromide is extensively used, as in nym-
phomania, priapism, chordee, spermatorrhoea, and in epilepsy ; as a
nervine sedative it is given in colic, migraine, nightmare, delirium
tremens, and in skin diseases : used in all forms of insomnia due to
worry or mental overwork. Also given in tremors during and after
low' conditions in fevers and in other exhausting diseases as metror-
rhagia or menorrhagia and in sub-involution of the uterus ; as a
local sedative of the mucous membranes it is used in cystitis, gastric
vomiting, whooping cough, asthma, &c. In a concentrated form it
acts as a local anaesthetic, and before the use of cocaine it was used
in irritation of the throat and for laryngoscopic examination. It has
been tried with some success in diabetes. Occasional purgative and
the use of arsenic is sometimes necessary to avoid acne.

Potassii Carbonas Impura. — Impure Potassium Carbonate.

Vernacular: Eng. — Salt of Tartar , Pearl Ash , Potashes ; Can.—
Marada-uppoo ; Duk. — Jhdr-ka-namak; Guz. — Pdpad khar , kharo ;
Hind. — Jawkshara , Khar; Malyal. — Karam , Pappatak mora uppa ;
Mar. — Jhadicha mitha ; Sans. — Daru lavanum ; Tam. — Mara vuppuy
Shambal vuppu ; To,\.—Manu-vuppuy Budide-mippu ; Chin. — Shin~kieny
Hwui-kien .

Papad kh&r. Khafa or kharo means “ saltish ” papadio as con-
tained in papad, it being a constant ingredient in the preparation of
papad, a kind of thin and circular cake or bread made of mung
( Phaseolus mungo) or urada flour, to which asafetida, impure salt of
tartar, and other carminatives are added.

Manufacture.— Subject to direct flame or to evaporation the lye
of wood ashes. Another method — incinerate the leaves of plantain
or the wood of Achyranthes aspira, when the combustible impurities
are burnt out, leaving bluish white ashes. To this add water and
percolate. The percolated fluid contains potassium carbonate with
a little potassium and sodium chloride and sulphate in solution. It
occurs in crystals or as irregular coral-like masses, or small dirty-
looking pieces resembling manna. The smell faintly resembles that
of powdered tobacco. The taste is alkaline and somewhat sweetish.
Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antacid, carminative, given in dyspepsia, acidity
of the stomach, &c.

152

POTASSII CARBONAS,

Potassii Carbonas, B.P. — Potassium Carbonate.

Salt of tartar. It is associated with either one or two molecules of
water. To obtain it, lixiviate wood ashes ; the resulting product is
purified pearl-ash ; make a solution of it with its own weight of
water and evaporate. Also obtained by the interaction of crude
potassium sulphate, crude calcium carbonate and carbon. Occurs
as small white crystals, very deliquescent, of an alkaline caustic
taste, alkaline reaction, soluble in water (i in i), insoluble in spirit.
It is slightly caustic. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Preparations. — Mistura ferri composita. Dose — 1 to 2 ozs.

Liquor Arsenicalis, Liquor Potassae Arsenitis, Fowler’s solution.
Contains arsenious acid 1 per cent. Dose — 2 to 8 ms.

Actions and uses. — It is seldom given internally except when greatly
diluted, being an irritant. Generally used as a solution (1 to 8) in
pruritus vulva, foetid perspiration of feet, axilla, &c. ; (1 in 16) in
freckles, sunburn, itching of urticaria, acne, and herpes depending
upon dyspepsia.

Potassii Bicarbonas, B.P.— Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate-
Potassium Bicarbonate — Acid Carbonate of Potassium.

Pass carbon anhydride or carbon dioxide into a strong aqueous
solution of potassium carbonate to saturation. The precipitate will
be potassium bicarbonate. Occurs as colourless rhombic prisms, not
deliquescent. It has no odour, but an extremely biting saline or
feebly alkaline taste, alkaline reaction, not corrosive, decomposed by
boiling water, soluble in water (1 in 4), and almost insoluble in spirit.
Dose — 5 to 30 grs. 20 parts of potassium bicarbonate are neutral-
ized by 14 parts of citric acid or by 15 parts of tartaric acid.

Liquor Potassae, B.P. — Solution of potash. — Brandish’s alkaline
solution. Add slaked lime on a boiling solution of potassium bicar-
bonate (1 in 10), and strain. It contains 27 grains of potassium
hydroxide in one fluid ounce. It is also prepared from pearl ash, wood
ash and quicklime. A clear, watery, saponaceous fluid, highly
alkaline, without any odour, and mild acrid taste, alkaline reaction,
corrodes both animal and vegetable textures. Dose — 10 to 30 ms.
well diluted.

Potassa Caustica, B.P. — Potassium Hydrate, Potassium Hydro-
xide, Potassa. Caustic Potash.- — Prepared by the interaction of
potassium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, or evaporate liquor
potassae until the residue has the consistence of oil, and pour into

moulds.

POTASSII BICARBONAS.

153

Caustic potash occurs in hard, white, deliquescent pencils, or as
translucent crystalline cakes, without any odour, and of acrid caustic
taste and alkaline reaction. It contains not more than 10 per cent,
of water and impurities combined. It quickly destroys organic
tissues with which it may be brought into contact. Soluble in water
(2 to 1) and alcohol (1 to 2).

Potassa cumcalce — Vienna paste. — It consists of potassium hydrate
with quicklime. To obtain it, rub together equal parts of caustic
potash and quicklime in an iron mortar, and mould into pencils.
Occurs as grayish white deliquescent powder — a milder caustic
than potassa fusa.

Actions and uses. — The bicarbonate is given in dyspepsia, in cystitis,
with highly acid urine, and in tuberculous, scrofulous and other en-
larged secreting glands. It causes absorption of the inflammatory
products as in pneumonia, pleurisy, &c. As a sedative of the mucous
membranes it is largely used in bronchitis, whooping cough, &c. It
is a valuable diuretic in dropsies and in uric acid diathesis. In
Native practice pearl ash is given in jaundice. Liquor Potassae is a
caustic, and therefore should be administered in a diluted form. In
the blood it is converted into the carbonates, and as such it is
eliminated in the urine. In large doses and given for a long time
it impoverishes the blood and impairs digestion. Liquor Potassae is
primarily antacid, secondarily alterative and diuretic. By its antacid
action it neutralizes excess of acid in the blood. It is required
especially in calculous affections, in uric acid diathesis, acne, and
boils. In small doses and with vegetable bitters it is given, before
and after meals, in atonic dyspepsia to stimulate the gastric juice
and to neutralize acids of fermentation. It is also given in gastralgia,
cardialgia, acute and chronic rheumatism, obesity, &c., but for these
purposes the carbonate or bicarbonate, but especially the latter, is
preferred. As a diuretic it is given in irritable state of the bladder,
in gonorrhoea, acid urine, dropsical affections, and in bronchial
catarrh. Locally, a dilute solution is used to relieve pruritis, to
remove scales as in chronic skin diseases, as lepra and psoriasis.
Caustic potash and the Vienna paste. — These are escharotic and
caustic. They destroy morbid or cicatricial tissues by abstracting
moisture and dissolving albumen, fibrin and gelatin, saponifying the
fats, and thus converting the tissues to which they are applied into a
slough. The paste is used to cauterize bites of animals or stings of
insects, to destroy warts, naevi, malignant pustules, and to open sus-
pected abscesses. Their action is not superficial like that of silver
nitrate, but they penetrate the deeper tissues, as in ingrowing of the

20

*54

POTASSII CHLORASi

nail tissues. Taken internally it is a corrosive poison, destroying
the mucous membrane of the gastro-intestinal tract, giving rise to
intense pain, diarrhoea, delirium, convulsions, and death from stricture
of the oesophagus, oedema of the glottis, &c.

Potassii Chloras, B.P. Syn. — Potassium Chlorate.

Pass chlorine gas into water holding lime or magnesia in suspen-
sion. Treat the liquid with potassium chloride and crystallize.
Another method. — Pass chlorine gas into a saturated mixture of
potassium carbonate and slaked lime, and crystallize. Occurs as
colourless lustrous rhomboidal prisms or a fine white powder without
any odour, and of a cool saline taste, of neutral reaction, sparingly
soluble in cold water (i in 16), in boiling water (i in 3) and insoluble
in absolute alcohol. It causes explosions if triturated with metallic
sulphur and should not also be mixed with antimonial sulphide*
phosphorus, with organic matters as tannic acid, cork, sugar and
with vegetable and oxidizable substances, as catechu and glycerin*
Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Preparations. — Trochiscus Potassii Chloratis, B.P. Potassium
chlorate lozenges 3 grs. in each. Gargarisma Potassii Chloratis — -
Potassium Chlorate gargle — contains potassium chlorate 1, glycerine
4, and water 50.

Physiological action. — Locally deodorizer and detergent. Inter-*
nally it passes unchanged through the kidneys. Like nitre it is
refrigerant, diuretic and alterative. It is a stimulant of the general
system and of the mucous membranes. It increases the activity of
the heart and exhilarates the brain, and acts as tonic. Therapeutic
uses. — It is a common ingredient in stimulant and tonic mixtures. In
palpitation of the heart it is given with iron and digitalis. It has
been used in low forms of fevers, such as typhoid, typhus, scarlatina,
and in other low states of the system ; in catarrh of the nose and
larynx, in phthisis, croup and diphtheria, in tabes messenterica,
and in chronic diarrhoea. In children it is given by the mouth or by
enema. In eruptive fevers it brings about an abundant crop of
eruptions. In erysipelas, combined with iron, it is very valuable*
In leucorrhoea as a lotion (1 in 100) and in gonorrhoea and chronic
cystitis as an injection (1 in 100) it is of benefit. In skin diseases
as acne, tineas, ecthema, eczema, impetigo, cycosis, a solution
(1 in 100) is applied with benefit. As a deodorizer it is used in
foetid stools, foetid urine, and foetid breath ; a solution (1 in 20) is used
in the form of a wash or gargle in stomatitis, apthae, cancrum
oris, tonsillitis, and mercurial salivation. It is an efficient application
in unhealthy sores and ulcers, and a wash for sinuses and cavities.

POTASSII CITRAS. 1 55

As an insufflation the powder is used in epithelioma of the cervix,
ft diminishes the pain and checks the growth.

Remarks.— It should not be prescribed with potassium iodide nor
with other iodine preparations. It sets free iodine, which acts as a
irritant.

Potassii Citras, B.P.— Potassium Citrate.

Neutralize saturated solution of potassium carbonate with citric
acid. Occurs as deliquescent white transparent prismatic crystals
or granular white powder without any odour and of a cooling saline or
feebly acid taste, very soluble in boiling water, slightly so in alcohol.
Dose — io to 40 grs.

Preparations. —Potassii Citras Effervescens — Effervescent Potassium
Citrate. Contains potassium bicarbonate 90, acid citric 63, sugar 47.
A fine white powder without any odour and of a sweet saline
taste, soluble in water, with effervescence. Dose — 5 to 60 grs.
Liquor Potassii Citratis — Solution of Potassium Citrate — Mistura
Potassii Citratis — contains 9 per cent, of anhydrous potassium
citrate.

Actions and uses. — Refrigerant, antacid, and diuretic. In small
doses, antiscorbutic. As a febrifuge it promotes diaphoresis. It is
given with antimonial wine and sweet spirit of nitre in fevers and in
acute rheumatism. In uric acid diathesis it is given with limejuice
to render the urine alkaline. In the early stage of acute bronchitis
it is given with benefit.

Potassii Cobalto Nitris — Potassium Cobalto Nitrite. — Greenish-
yellow powder or crystals, slightly soluble in water. Dose — T^- to
It relieves arterial tension. Does not cause discomfort like
potassium and other nitrites. Given to relieve dyspnoea in uraemia
and asthma.

Potassii Cyanidum, B.P. — Potassium Cyanide.

Heat together potassium carbonate and potassium ferro cyanide,
when iron is precipitated. It occurs as deliquescent white opaque
pieces or granules without any odour when dry. Fresh or moist
specimen smells of hydrocyanic acid. Taste sharp and alkaline,
soluble in water 1 in 2, slightly so in alcohol. Dose — TV to J gr.

Sometimes used as solution in place of diluted hydrocyanic acid.

Actions and uses. — Sedative, anodyne and antispasmodic. Given to
women in dyspeptic headache or in headache connected with men-
struation. Officially it is only used for test purposes.

*56

ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM,

Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, B.P. — Diluted hydrocyanic
acid. It contains 2 per cent, by weight of hydrogen cyanide.
Hydrocyanic acid exists in bitter almond, prunes, laurels, kernels
of peach and cherry, and in the juice of cassava, &c. To obtain
it, dissolve potassium cyanide in water, add solution of tartaric
acid, and remove the precipitate of cream of tartar.

Another method.— -Heat a mixture of potassium ferro cyanide, sul-
phuric acid and water. Pass the gas evolved into water. Occurs as a
colourless liquid, faintly acid, of a peculiar bitter almond-like odour and
taste, slightly reddens litmus paper. Sp. gr. o’997. Dose' — 2 to 6 ms.

Used as lotion (1 in 32).

Preparations. — Aqua laurocerasi, B.P.— Dose — -Jto 2 drs. Tinctura
chloroformi et morphinae composita, B.P. — Dose — 5 to 15 ms.

Actions and uses. — The strong acid is a most violent and rapid
poison. If inhaled, it leads to asphyxia, rapid insensibility, and
collapse from paralysis of the heart. In a diluted form in extremely
minute doses it is a sedative and antispasmodic. Generally given
in combination with other sedatives, in certain functional nervous
affections as hysteria, whooping cough, asthma, neurosis of the
lungs and bronchi, in functional palpitation of the heart, and in
angina. Its chief use, however, is in painful affections of the stomach
and in vomiting. As a lotion it is used in various forms of pruritis
and other skin diseases accompanied with itching.

Potassii Ferro Cyanidum, B.P. Syn. — Potassium ferro cyanide,
yellow prussiate of potash. Fuse together potassium carbonate,
nitrogenous animal refuse such as dried blood, horns, skins or hoofs,
and iron scraps, and then lixiviate the melted mass, evaporate, and
crystallize. Occurs as efflorescent, transparent, four-sided prisms
of a lemon-yellow colour, without any odour, and of a saline sweet
taste, soluble in water (1 in 4), insoluble in alcohol. Employed as
a test solution.

Actions and uses. — Ferro cyanide is never used medicinally. Under
its use the blood collects in the heart, brain and in the arterial
and venous systems. It is rapidly absorbed by the skin and the
mucous membranes. It produces headache, dizziness, palpitation of
the heart, constriction of the chest and cyanosis.

Potass:: Kypophosphis.— Hypophosphite of Potassium.

Mix together solution of potassium carbonate and hypophosphite
of lime. A double decomposition results. Filter the solution.
Evaporate and granulate. Occurs as deliquescent granular white
powder or as hexagonal plates or crystals, without any odour and of

POTASSII HYPOPHOSPHIS.

157

a saline pungent taste, soluble in water (1 in *06), in alcohol (1 in 7*3).
Dose— 1 to 5 grs.

Preparations.— 1. Syrupus Hypophosphitum, Syrup of Hypophos-
phites. Each fluid drachm contains 2\ grains calcium hypophosphite,

1 grain potassium hypophosphite, 1 grain sodium hypophosphite, 1
minim diluted hypophosphorous acid, 25 grs. sugar, -5 minim spirit of
lemons, and water to make 1 drachm. Dose — 1 to2drs. 2. Syrupus
Hypophosphitum cum ferro, Syrup of Hypophosphite with iron.
Contains ferrous lactate 1, potassium citrate 1 and syrupus hypophos-
phitum 100. Syrupus Hypophosphitum compositus, each 1 fluid
ounce contains: — Hypophosphite > of calcium 4 grs., Hypophosphite
of manganese 2 grs., Hypophosphite of potassium 2 grs., Hypophos-
phite of quinine 1 gr., Hypophosphite of strychnine ^ gr., Hypo-
phospihte of iron 6 grs. Dose — £ to 1 dr.

Actions and uses. —Nervine tonic and stimulant, used in phthisis,
scrofula, chronic bronchitis and cough.

Potassii Iodidum, B.P. — Potassium Iodide.

Add iodine to hot liquor potassae till the solution has a permanent
dark-brown colour. Potassium iodide and potassium iodate are
formed. Evaporate the solution, heat the resulting product with
charcoal, when the iodate becomes converted into iodide. It is next
dissolved with boiling water and crystallized. Colourless, translucent
cubes or granules of a faint iodine-like odour, pungent saline bitter
taste and feeble alkaline reaction, soluble in water (4 in 3^ in spirit
(1 in 6), in absolute alcohol (1 in 18), and in glycerine (1 in 2*5). Dose
— 5 to 20 grs. Given in infusion, syrup or simple solution. Used as
unguentum potassii iodidi, B.P. It contains potassium iodide 50,
potassium carbonate 3, benzoated lard 400, water 47. Linimentum
potassii iodidi cum sapone, B.P. It contains curd soap 2 ounces,
potassii iodide i£ ounces, glycerine 1 fluid ounce, oil of lemons 1 fluid
drachm, and distilled water 10 fluid ounces. It is also a chief
ingredient in the preparation of linimentum iodi, liquor iodi, tinctura
iodi and unguentum iodi.

Physiological action. — Alterative, stimulant of the absorbent system,
general depressant and local irritant. As an alterative it counteracts
many morbid conditions, promotes absorption of morbid products,
and eliminates several metallic poisons. Therapeutic uses. — The uses
are those of iodine and potassium, but more of iodine than that of
potassium. In persons susceptible to its use it gives rise to diuresis,
cerebral excitement, haemorrhages from the urethra and vagina,
redema of the tongue, glottis and laryngitis.

POTASSII NITRAS.

IS8

It is given almost as a specific in syphilis affecting bones ancf
periosteum, in scrofulous affections, and for the absorption of
effusions and morbid deposits. It is given in aneurism, the sac
becomes solid by fibrinous deposits ; its depressing effect on the
circulation is believed to be due to the potash base. It is also given in
mercurial and lead poisoning, where it acts chemically. It is given
in chronic liver and spleen affections, in paralysis, in gummata,.
lupus, dropsy, gout, chronic rheumatism, also neuralgia, sciatica, &c.
In large doses it acts as a specific in asthma. It is also a good remedy
in chronic bronchitis. In acute catarrh and hay fever it is given with
arsenic. Externally the ointment is applied to obstinate ulcerations,
skin diseases, and to promote absorption of effusions and deposits.
A weak solution of iodized phenol is used locally in acute catarrah,,
tonsilitis, and sore throat.

Potassii Nitras, B. P. — Syn. — Potassium Nitrate.

Verncicidar : Arab. — Ubkir , Malh-i-barut, abqar ; Burm. — Yan-zin ;
Beng. — Sora ; Can. — Petluppu ; Cing. — Vedi-lundi , Pot-lunu ;

Eng. — Nitre , Saltpetre; Guz. — Suro khcira ; Hind. — Shorah ; Mar. —
Shora rriitha ; Malay — Sandawa , leti-uppa ; Pers. — Shorah Shingh
Wedi lunu ; Sans. — Yavakshra ; Tam. — Putlil-uppu ; Tel. — Shura
Karam .

Found in nature as an impure salt combined with calcium in certain
soils in India and America. To obtain it, treat impure salt with wood
ashes. Another method — Neutralize nitric acid with potassium
carbonate, or sodium nitrate with potassium chloride.

Characters . — Colourless, transparent, striated, six-sided prisms,
without any odour, and a cooling saline and pungent taste, soluble
in cold water (1 in 4), in boiling water 2 in 1, insoluble in alcohol.
When fused into round moulds it is called “ Sal Prunella.’7
Dose — 5 to 20 grs. as refrigerant, 15 to 30 grs. as diuretic or vascular
sedative well diluted.

Preparations . — Argenti et potassii nitras. Fumus potassii nitratis,
charta nitrata or potassium nitrate paper, paper soaked in solution of
nitrate of potassium (1 in 4) and dried. Asthmatic Pastilles. — Cones
made of a mixture of nitre and potassium chlorate. Ozone papers.—
Prepared with potassium nitrate and potassium chlorate.

Pulvis lobeliae compositus. Potassium nitrate 240, boiling water
240. To this add lobelia powder, stramonium leaves powder, black
tea powder, each 240, mix well and dry, and lastly add oil of anisi r.
Used as fumigation. Folia Stramonii Nitrata. — Potassium nitrate
i, stramonium leaves 2, and water-3, mix and dry. Himrod’s cure,

rOTASSII TERMANGANAS.

159

a powder containing potassium nitrate, stramonium, lobelia, anisi,
&c. The fumes are inhaled in asthma.

Physiological action. — Alterative, nervine sedative, refrigerant,
diuretic, diaphoretic, antiseptic ; in large doses, irritant. Locally,
refrigerant. Therapeutic uses. — As a diaphoretic and diuretic it is
a constant ingredient in fever mixtures. As a cardiac depressant
it is given in inflammatory affections, acute rheumatism, pneumonia,
&c. Also as a sedative in allaying irritation and inflammation of the
mucous membranes, as in dyspepsia, bronchitis, &c. Combined with
calomel and tartar emetic, it is given in fevers complicated with
hepatic derangements. As a diuretic it is occasionally used in
dropsies, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, & c. As a sedative of the pul-
monary mucous membranes, the fumes of nitre paper are inhaled in
spasmodical asthma, with or without bronchitis. As a lotion mixed
with chloride of ammonium, it is applied to the skin in erysipelas, and
used as a gargle in cynanche and tonsilitis.

Potassii Permanganas, B.P.— Potassium Permanganate.

Fuse dioxide of manganese with potassium hydroxide, potassium
nitrate and potassium chlorate. Dissolve the resulting manganate of
potassium in water, and act upon the solution with sulphuric acid or
carbonic acid gas. It occurs in dark emerald green prismatic crystals,
without any odour, and of a sweet, astringent taste, neutral reaction,
decomposes oxidizable vegetable and animal substances as glycerine,
alcohol, &c., forming a scanty brown residue. It is soluble in water
(1 in 20), forming a rich purple solution. It is decomposed by heat cr
alcohol. Dose — 1 to 3 grs.

Preparations. — Pills, which should be coated with kaolin, cocoa
butter, petroleum, paraffin, &c. Lotion ; Gargle : Condy’s fluid
(1 in 55). Liquor Potassii Permanganatis, B.P. (1 in 100).

Physiological action. — Disinfectant, stimulant of the mucous mem-
brane, excitomotor and emmenagogue. It is non irritant and preferred
to other disinfectants. In small doses it is a gastric and cardiac
stimulant, but in large doses, or if continued for a long time, it
depresses the heart, irritates the stomach, causing pain in the abdo-
men, and gives rise to vomiting and watery stools ; it paralyses the
muscles and degenerates the liver. It contains a large quantity of
oxygen and hence acts as an antiseptic, deodorizant and disinfect-
ant. As an active oxidizer it yields ozone, and becomes converted
into the dioxide. Taken internally it is decomposed in the stomach
and then absorbed. As an excitomotor it has a specific action on the
uterus.

i6o

POTASSIUM NITRITE*

Therapeutic uses.— Internally dioxide may be preferred. As an
injection of £ grain in i ounce, it is used for gonorrhcea, to destroy
foetor from wounds, cancer, abscesses, and fcetid ulcers ; to
remove unhealthy discharges from vagina, urethra, nose, ears,
foul breath and fcetid perspiration. It is used as a gargle in
mercurial salivation, in ulcerated conditions of the mouth, &c. It
is given internally in dyspepsia, flatulence, obesity, also in
diphtheria, septicaemia, erysipelas, rheumatism, and low forms of
fevers. In amenorrhoea it sometimes acts as a specific, and should
be given a few days before the expected period. As an antiseptic and
disinfectant it is applied directly to stings or bites from venomous
reptiles as snakes. It is a successful antidote in cases of poisoning.
It has no oxidizing effect in the presence of albumen, on atropine,
caffeine, cocaine, aconitine, veratrine, pilocarpine, muscarine or
phosphorus. It gives up its oxygen more quickly to albuminous
substances than to strychnine, hydrocyanic acid, and oxalic acid.
In morphine and eserine poisoning it exhibits a marked selective
affinity.

POTASSIUM NITRITE.

Fuse together potassium nitrate and metallic lead. Occurs as
white deliquescent sticks, soluble in water. Dose — ^ to 2 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Given
in asthma, epilepsy, and hemicrania.

Potassium osmate. — 1 per cent, solution used for injection to relieve
sciatica. Also given internally in epilepsy.

Potassium oxalate — Salts of sorrel or salt of lemon.

Potassii Phosphas— Potassium Phosphate— Dipotassic

Hydric Phosphate— Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate.

Mix bone ash with sulphuric acid and water. The sulphate of lime
is precipitated. The solution of acid phosphate of lime is next treated
with potassium carbonate. It occurs as a deliquescent granular
powder, soluble in water. Dose — 1 to 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, antacid and diuretic. As a solvent
it is given in scrofula, rickets, urinary calculi, vesical catarrh, and
phthisis.

Potassii Salicylas— Potassium Salicylate. — To obtain it, neu-
tralize solution of potassium carbonate with salicylic acid. A white
crystalline powder, highly deliquescent, soluble in water and alcohol.
Dose — 5 to 30 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antirheumatic, antipyretic and analgesic, given
in rheumatism, pericarditis, pleurisy, lumbago and muscular pains.

PoTaSsium and aluminium salicylate.

161

Potassium knd Aluminium Salicylate. — A double salt obtained
by heating potassium and aluminium salicylate together. A fine
powder, soluble in water.

Potassii Silicas— Potassium Silicate. — A solution of this* known
as water glass or soluble glass.

Actions and uses. — As an antiseptic the solution, being less viscid
than sodii silicas, is used as a paint (in 4 or more of water) for ery-
sipelas, and for injection in gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea, ozoena,
cystitis, &c. It is also used to impregnate bandages in place of starch.

Potassium Sozoiodal— Potassium Diiodo-paraphenol Sul-
phonate. — Sozoidal contains 54 per cent, of iodine, 20 per cent, of
phenol and 7 per cent, of sulphur. Occurs as colourless or white
crystals, soluble in water or glycerine (1 in 50). Used as ointment
10 to 25 per cent. Dusting powder.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic ; the dusting powder is used as an
insufflation in ozoena, laryngitis and other respiratory affections* A
good substitute for iodoform. The ointment is used in scabies,
herpes, eczema, tinea tonsurans, syphilitic ulcers, impetigo, burns
and scalds.

Potassii Sulphas, B.P. — Potassium sulphate. — Add carbonate,
nitrate or chloride of potassium to sulphuric acid. Another method.
'-‘-Purify impure acid sulphate of potassium, a by-product in the
manufacture of nitric acid, with slaked lime. Occurs as colourless
six-sided prisms, very hard to powder, without any odour, and of a
bitter saline taste and neutral reaction; soluble in cold water (1 in
10), boiling water (1 in 4), insoluble in alcohol. Dose — 10 to 40 grs.
Generally given with rhubarb. Owing to its hardness it is used to
pulverize tough substances, and hence forms an ingredient in pulvis
ipecacuanhae compositus, pilula Colocynthidis composita and pilula
colocynthidis et hyoscyami.

Physiological action. — Non-irritant, lactifuge and hepatic stimulant.
A mild purgative, acting without causing griping. In large doses
it is poisonous. Therapeutic uses.— Given in jaundice biliousness,
dyspepsia, albuminuria and gastric fever ; also as an antigalactic in
mammary affections.

Potassii Succinas^Potassium Succinate. — A deliquescent
powder. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Hcemostatic. Given internally to control haemor-
rhages.

21

POTASSA sulfhurata.

162

Potassa Sulphurata, B.P.— Sulphurated potash. Liver of sul=
phur. Hepar sulphuris.

Heat together sublimed sulphur 1 part and potassium carbonate 2
parts till effervescence ceases. Then fuse to a dull heat. Evaporate
the liquid contents without access of air, and make fragments.
Occurs in irregular pieces of a liver colour ; on exposure to air
it absorbs water, oxygen and carbonic acid, and changes its
colour to a greenish yellow, and finally to gray. It contains
potassium carbonate, potassium hyposulphite, and potassium sul-
phide. The taste is bitter and alkaline, and it has the odour of
sulphuretted hydrogen. Soluble in alcohol (1 in 2), soluble in water,
forming a yellow solution. Dose — 2 to 6 grs.

Preparation . — Unguentum potassae sulphuratae (30 grains to 1
ounce), lotion and bath. The bath contains crude salt 4 ounces to
30 gallons of water.

Physiological action. — In small doses alterative, diaphoretic and
expectorant. In large doses narcotic. Therapeutic uses . — Given in
obstinate skin affections, scrofula, gout, chronic rheumatism and
painter’s colic. As an expectorant and diaphoretic it is given in
chronic bronchitis, nasal catarrh, croup, and as an antidote to lead and
mercurial poisoning. Externally used as ointment, and as bath and
lotion in chronic rheumatism, parasitic skin diseases, as scabies, &c.

Potassii Sulphis. — Potassium sulphite. — Pass sulphurous acid
gas through a solution of potassium carbonate to saturation, and
crystallize. A white deliquescent powder or opaque octohedral crys-
tals, without any odour, and a bitter saline sulphurous taste. Slightly
soluble in alcohol, soluble in water (1 in 3). Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Physiological action. — Disinfectant and anti-fermentative ; it checks
acid fermentation in the stomach and frothy vomiting. Therapeutic
uses. — Given for sarcinae ventriculi, also in gastric ulcers. A con-
venient mode of administering sulphurous acid.

Potassium Bisulphite.— In fine crystals, highly deliquescent,
soluble in water. Dose— -3 to 30 grs.

Actions and uses. — Aperient and tonic, given in constipation, and
in general debility in women during weaning,

Potassii Tartras, B.P. — Soluble tartar. Potassium tartrate.
Add to a boiling solution of potassium carbonate acid potassium
tartrate till the solution neutralized, filter and crystallize. White
rhombic prisms, without 1 1 ) odour, and of a saline taste, soluble in

POTASSII TARTRAS ACIDUS. 163

Water (1 in 1), insoluble in spirit. Dose. — As a diuretic 15 to 20 grs.,
■as a laxative dose 30 to 240 grs.

Actions and uses. — In small doses it is a diuretic. In large doses
a hydragogue purgative. It is milder than magnesium sulphate
Or sodium sulphate. It is used to relieve hepatic and portal con-
gestions, haemorrhoidal swellings and fevers. In lithiasis it renders
the urine alkaline.

Potassii Tartras Acidus,B.P.— Acid Potassium Tartrate. Potas-
sium Bitartrate.

Vernacular : Eng. — Cream of Tartar ( Purified ), Argot ; Can. —
Draksh-i-uppoo ; Duk. — Namak-e-angiir ; Hind. — Namake-angur ; Mar.
— Drakshe-mitha ; Pers. — Namake-angur ; Sans. — Drdksha Lavanam ;
Tam. — Draksha-vuppu ; Tel. — Drdksha-smppu.

The crude cream of tartar or argol is a deposit in wine casks
during the fermentation of grape juice or from the lees of wine.
Boil argol in water and filter through charcoal. Crystallize the
filtrate. Occurs either as fragments of cakes with opaque rhombic
crystals on one surface, or a fine gritty white powder without any
odour and of a pleasant acid taste and acid reaction. Soluble in cold
water (1 in 200), in boiling water (1 in 18), insoluble in rectified
spirit. On heating, it evolves inflammable gas and the odour of burnt
sugar (caramel). Dose — 20 to 60 grs. as a diuretic, 4 to 6 drs.
as a purgative.

Preparations. — Pulvis jalapae compositus, B.P., and confectio
sulphuris, B.P.

Physiological action. — In small doses diuretic and refrigerant.
In large doses a hydragogue purgative. It does not produce much
depression. Therapeutic uses. — Used as a refrigerant and febrifuge in
fevers and in inflammatory affections. As a diuretic and purgative
with infusion of juniper given in various forms of cardiac dropsy and
in costiveness ; also in acute nephritis or albuminuria, scurvy,
hepatitis, &c.

Potassii Tartra Boras— Potassium Tartra Borate. — To obtain
it, heat together boracic acid 1 and potassii bitartras 4 with water 10.
A crystalline powder, soluble in water (1 to 2). Dose — 20 to 30 grs.

Used as a solvent for uric acid calculi ; better than the magnesium
salt.

Potassii Telluras — Potassium Tellurate. — Fine white crystals.
Soluble in water. Dose — g to j grain in pills.

SODIUM- — N AT R I UM.

l6^

Actions and uses,— Antihydrotic. Used in night sweats of phthisis
and also against day sweats. Imparts disagreeable telluric odour
to the breath.

SODIUM, B.P.— NATRIUM.

Habitat. — Peru, California,, Persia. Never met with in a pure
state. It exists in nature in large quantities in combination ; with
chlorine it forms sodium chloride, a salt found in sea-water, rock
salt, lakes, springs and mineral waters. It is also found in the
animal fluids, and abundantly in marine plants. A soft metal of aj.
bright metallic lustre when freshly cut. It rapidly oxidizes in the
air. With water or alcohol it evolves hydrogen. It gives an intense
yellow colour to flame. The sodium salts are generally colourless off
white. Their diffusive power is also less. They are less powerful as
cardiac depressant than the potassium salts.

Sodfi Acetas — Sodium Acetate.— Saturate sodium carbonate
with acetic acid. Fuse, evaporate, and dry. Efflorescent transparent
colourless crystals, of acetous odour, and sour taste, and faintly
alkaline reaction. Soluble in water (1 in 1*4)', in alcohol (1 in 30).
Dose — 20 to 40 grs. as a diuretic, 60 to 120 grs. as a purga-
tive.

Actions and uses. — In small doses alterative and diuretic. In large
doses purgative. As a diuretic it is less active than the potash salt,
given in dropsy. As an alterative it is given in rheumatism, visceral
and glandular enlargements, also in gonorrhoea.

Sodii Arsenas, B.P. — Sodium arsenate. Anhydrous arseniate of
sodium'. Disodium hydrogen arsenate. — Fuse together arsenious
anhydride with sodium nitrate and sodium carbonate, dissolve the
product in water and crystallize. To the crystallized sodium arsenate
apply heat, when the anhydrous arsenate is formed. A white powder
or colourless prisms very liable to effloresce on exposure to the
air, soluble in glycerinefi in 2), in water (r in 6), yielding alkaline
solution. It is slightly soluble in cold or boiling alcohol. Dose— ^
to TV grv

Preparations. — Liquor Sodii Arsen atis, B.P. Solution of sodium
arsenate (1 gr. of the anhydrous arsenate salt in no). Dose— 2 to
S ms. It contains about half as much arsenious acid as is found in
Liquor Arsenicalis. It is an ingredient in (i Pearson’s” solution,
which contains arsenite of sodium (1 in 6co). Arsenical cigarettes.
Paper impregnated with sodium arsenate, contains £ grain In each.
Used for asthma.

SODTI BENZOAS.

165

Actions and uses. — Alterative and nervine tonic. Given in skin
affections and nervous diseases, diabetes, &c. It is similar to, but
less irritating than, liquor potassae arsenitis.

Sodii Benzoas, B.P. — Syn. Sodium Benzoate. Add benzoic
acid to a hot concentrated solution of sodium carbonate to neutraliz-
ation. Evaporate and crystallize. A white, somewhat crystalline or
amorphous, powder, of a faint benzoin odour and sweet astringent
taste, soluble in water (i in 2), in cold alcohol (1 in 24), and in
boiling alcohol (1 in 12). Dose — 5 to 30 grs.

Used as solution 5 per cent, as a spray to the larynx in diptheria
and phthisis.

Actions and uses. — Hepatic stimulant, antirheumatic, antipyretic,
and antiseptic. Given in diseases depending on vegetable parasites
and micro-organisms. In acute rheumatism and gout a dose of 15 or
20 grains every 2 hours has proved of great success. Used in lithic
acid gravel, in hepatic congestion, gastric and intestinal catarrh and
puerperal and other septic fevers, diphtheria, tonsilitis and whooping
cough. In uraemic poison it cuts short the uraemic attacks. In
cystitis with alkaline urine and in albuminuria, benzoic acid is con-
verted into hippuric acid, and hence very useful. In cholera, rectal
injection of 2 drs. of sodii benzoas in a quart of hot water is very
useful.

Sodii Bisulphis — Sodium Bisulphite. — A fine powder or opaque
prisms. Taste disagreeable, odour faint and sulphurous.. Soluble in
water (1 in 4), and in alcohol (1 in 12). Acid reaction. Converted by
strong heat into sulphur and sulphate of sodium. Used as a solution.
Dose — 4 to 12 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic. Used internally for sour taste in the-
mouth, diphtheria, bilious vomiting. Externally the solution is
applied in skin diseases.

Borax, B.P. — Sodii Biboras*— Syn; Biborate of Sodium. So*-
dium Pyroborate.

Habitat. — Thibet, Persia, America.

Vernacular.' — Eng. — Borax , Tincal\ Arab. — Milheas-saghah , Bo*
rxiqe> Baorak ; Beng. — Kuddia-khar , Sohaga ; Burm. — Letkhya f

Chin. — Poncha ; Cing. — Puskara , Vengaram ; Guz. — Tank in-khar ;
Hind. — Tinkal , Sohaga ; Malay. — P alter i ; Maleal. — Batten Sijary
Ponkaram'y Pers. — Tinkar ; Sans. — Tinkanah ; Tam . — Velligaram .
Tel. — Ellegaram ; Duk.« — Sahagah ; Can.. — Biligara .

266

BORAX.

Sodium borate occurs in nature. It is artificially prepared by
fusing crude borax (native calcium borate) with sodium carbonate.
Also prepared from the native boric acid from the lagoons in Tus-
cany by boiling it with sodium carbonate. Crude borax is found
in masses by evaporation of water on shore of lakes in Thibet or
California, and in crystals in the mud of lakes surrounded by hills.
In this crude state it is known as sohagoor or tinkala. These masses
are dug out and washed and purified. The solution is evaporated
and crystallized, when it is known as tankan khar or borax of
commerce.

Colourless, transparent, six-sided prisms or white powder, slightly
efflorescent, without odour, and of cooling but a bitterish taste.
It has slight alkaline reaction, soluble in cold water (i in 25), in
boiling water (2 in 1), in glycerine (1 in 1), insoluble in alcohol,
slightly soluble in volatile oils. It turns turmeric paper brown.
It colours the flame intensely yellow. A hot saturated solution,
when acidulated with any of the mineral acids, lets fall, as it
cools, a scaly crystalline deposit of boracic acid. Dose — 5 to 20
grs. largely diluted in water. Telio Tankan Khar. — A variety of
borax, an impure salt, is met with in small pieces, or in regular
smooth six-sided prisms. Colour is grayish white and somewhat
translucent. When exposed to the air, colour becomes opaque
or dirty white. Has a faintly balsamic odour and tastes like papada
khara.

Preparations. — Mel Boracis, B. P. (1 in g|) ; Glycerinum Boracis,
B.P. (1 to 6).

Actions and uses. — Emmenagogue, astringent, and sedative ; as an
antacid it may be used in acidity of the stomach, in dropsy combined
with other diuretics, as an emmenagogue in amenorrhcea, dysme-
norrhcea, menorrhagia, puerperal convulsions, and to stimulate and
promote uterine pains during labour. As a solvent it is given in uric
acid diathesis with good results. As an antiseptic it destroys low
vegetable organisms, hence given in foetid stools of diarrhoea in chil-
dren. As a sedative to the mucous membranes in irritable condition of
the fauces and pharynx, in chronic bronchitis of children, in cystitis,
&c., it is given with benefit. Locally applied as a wash to remove
the epidermis from the^skin. As a sedative lotion it is used in acne,
freckles, cloasma, &c. It allays itching in urticaria, psoriasis,
pruritus pudendi, vulvi, scroti and ani. In the form of mel boracis
or glycerinum boracis it is applied to sore mouth in ptyalism, to
aphthae, to thrush and to the pharynx in pharyngeal affections, to
parasitic stomatitis, to the urethra in urethritis, also to aphthous

SODIUM BORO-BENZOATE.

167

ulcerations, cracked tongue and sore nipples, &c. Borax dissolved
in the mouth restores the voice in hoarseness. It is used as an
injection (1 in 5) in cystitis, leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea and in lithicr
acid deposits. As glycerinum boracis it is applied in various forms of
skin diseases. In epilepsy it is useful where bromides have no effect.
The natives use it very largely in convulsions in children, in bron-
chitis and asthma, and in impotence in adults. Locally as a resolv-
ent for enlarged glands and .tumours, it is applied with alum and
milk curd. Given in large doses it produces toxic effects known as
borism. These include inflammation of the intestinal and other
mucous membranes, albumen in the urine, general anasarca. Boro-
glycerine (1 to 45), as an antiseptic lotion is useful in purulent
ophthalmia and diphtheria.

Sodium Boro-benzoate. — White crystalline powder. Soluble in
water. Dose — 5 grs. to 1 dr.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic, antilithic and diuretic. Given in
rheumatism, lithic acid gravel, septic fevers, &c.

Sodii Bromidum, B. P. — Sodium Bromide. — Add bromine to a
solution of sodium hydroxide. Add charcoal to the resulting solution
of sodium bromide and sodium bromate. Bromate is decomposed
by heat. Deliquescent white granular powder or cubic crystals,
without any odour and of pungent saline taste, soluble in water
(1 in 2), alcohol (1 in 16). Contains 78 per cent, of bromine. Dose
—5 to 3° ffrs-

Preparations. — Elixir sodii bromidi (1 in 6). Dose — 1 to 2 drs.
Sal Bromatum Effervescens — Effervescent bromine salt. To obtain
it, mix together potassium bromide 400, sodium bromide 400, ammo-
nium bromide 200, sodium bicarbonate 1000, citric acid 380, tartaric
acid 445, sugar 175, and add alcohol 300. Elepizone, a nostrum,
containing sodium bromide 30 grs., ammonium bromide 30 grs,, potas-
sium bromide 20 grs., tincture of nux vomica 15 ms., caramel q.s. to
1 ounce of winter green water. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Actions and uses. — Hypnotic, more powerful than potassium
bromide, but less irritating to the stomach and less depressant. Used
for sea sickness, in epilepsy with cardiac complication, in puerperal
mania with great depression. In anaemia following lung disease a
mixture of bromides of potassium, sodium and ammonium is used
rather than a single salt alone.

Sodii Carbonas Irnpura. —Syn. Impure sodium carbonate.

1 68

SODII CARBONAS.

Vernacular : Eng-.- — Dhobi’s earth ; Arab. — Lili mil hulqili ; Guz. — -
Saji khdra ; Hind. — Sajji-khar , Sajji-noon ; Duk. — Chour-ka-namake
Sajji-noon ; Mar. — Sajje khara ; Pers. — Shi-khara , Tine-gazur ; Sans. —
Sarjikakahara ; Tam. — Chontoo munnooy Shack- chi Karam ; Tel. —
Saviti munnoo vuppoo.

Obtained from the, ashes of chenopodiaceous plants, a species of
salt worts growing near the sea ; from kelp or barilla by incinerating
sea weeds ; from Dhobee’s earth by adding quicklime to the earth,
and boiling repeatedly with water. It contains 25 percent, of sodium
carbonate ; from bangad khar which also contains a large quantity
of silica. It is called bangad khar from its use in the manufacture of
native glass-bangles.

Occurs in porous, granular masses of a dark-brown or ash colour or
as heavy hard pieces of a grayish white colour. Smell like that of
common ash, taste sharp biting, alkaline, resembling that of im-
pure potassium carbonate (papada khara). Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — The native hakims use it as antacid and
alterative in dyspepsia, vomiting, and flatulence.

Sodii Carbonas, B.P. — Sodium carbonate, washing soda. Ob-
tained from the ashes of marine plants or by lixiviation and crystalliza-
tion of barilla, or, as now prepared, from sodium chloride by its
interaction with ammonium bicarbonate and subsequent ignition.
Another method.— Add sulphuric acid to sodium chloride, when
sodium sulphate is formed ; burn sodium sulphate with carbon and
calcium carbonate, a chemical decomposition takes place, at first it is
converted into sulphide, and then into carbonate.

Transparent, colourless, rhombic crystals, without any odour, of an
alkaline taste and a strong alkaline reaction. It crumbles into powdery
mass when exposed to the air. It is slightly caustic. Soluble in water
(1 to 2), in glycerine (1 to i'02), and insoluble in alcohol and ether.
20 grs. neutralize 9*8 grs. of citric acid and io| grs. of tartaric acid.
Dose — 5 to 30 grs.

Sodii Carbonas Exiccatus, B P. — Exsiccated sodium carbonate.
It is prepared by roasting carbonate of sodium. Dose — 3 to 10 grs.

Sodium Hydroxide, B.P. —Soda Caustica — Caustic soda.
Sodium Hydrate. — Evaporate liquor sodas to dryness, and pour into
moulds. Dry white pencils or semi-transparent, very alkaline and
corrosive, fused masses, without any odour, and strong alkaline
reaction, soluble in cold water ( 1 in 1), and in boiling water (10 in 8).
As a caustic it is milder than potassa caustica.

SODII BICARBONAS.

169

Preparations . — Liquor Sodii Carbolatis, Liquor Sodii Phenatis. — It
contains 8 per cent, of phenol in combination with caustic soda.
Pasta Londinensis. London paste. — A paste made of caustic soda
and unslaked lime, equal parts. It is less painful than Vienna paste.
Sodium Hypobromite Solution. — Contains caustic soda and bromine.
The solution is used to estimate the amount of urea in a given
quantity of urine. On adding the solution, nitrogen is evolved from
the urea and measured. In place of this solution, liquor bromi,
consisting of potassium bromide, bromine and water, may be used.
Liquor Sodae. Solution of soda. — Heat together solution of carbonate
of sodium with slaked lime. It contains 4*1 per cent, by weight of
hydrate of soda. A colourless liquid of intensely caustic taste, without
any odour, and of a strong alkaline reaction. Dose — 10 to 30 ms.

Actions and uses. — Sodium hydrate has less affinity for water, and
is less escharotic than caustic potash. It does not destroy tissues
deeply, nor extend over the adjacent parts. Liquor sodae renders
the secretions and blood alkaline. Internally it is used in certain
forms of dyspepsia connected with biliary derangements. In phar-
macy, it is chiefly used in the preparation of sulphurated antimony.
Caustic soda is a strong caustic and escharotic, used to destroy
tissues like caustic potash. Liquor sodii carbolatis possesses
antiseptic and anaesthetic properties of carbolic acid, but is less
caustic.

Sodii Bicarbonas, B.P. — Sodium Bicarbonate.

Pass carbonic anhydride gas through a saturated solution of sodium
carbonate. Another method. — Prepared by the interaction of hydro-
chloric acid and fragments of marble or sodium chloride and
ammonium bicarbonate. A white monoclinic crystal or an opaque
powder, slightly alkaline. Soluble in water ( 1 in 11 ), insoluble
in spirit. 20 grs. of it neutralize 16*7 grs. of citric acid and 17*8 grs.
of tartaric acid. Dose — 5 to 30 grs.

Preparations. — Pulvis sodae tartaratae effervescens, B.P. Pulvis
effervescens, Seidlitz powder. It contains Bicarbonate of sodium
40 grs. and Sodium potassium tartrate 120 grs. Mix to make into one
powder ; Tartaric acid 38 grs., also make into one powder. Both to
be dissolved in water separately and mixed together when used.
Trochiscus Sodii Bicarbonatis, B.P. — Contains sodium bicarbonate,
(3 grs. in each). Pulvis Salinus Anticholeraicus — It contains sodium
bicarbonate 30 grs., sodium chloride 20 grs., potassium chlorate
7 grs. Dose — 60 grs. To arrest the pain and purging of cholera.

22

*70

SODII CHLORAS.

Physiological action. — Sodium salts, such as the carbonate and the
bicarbonate, are slightly irritant. Primarily feebler antacids than
potassium salts, and less diuretic, and secondarily alterative. They
stimulate the gastric juice and increase alkalinity of the blood, and
are less depressant than the potash salts. Locally in large doses they
paralyze the muscular and nervous tissues.

Therapeutics. — As antacid given in small doses before meals and
on an empty stomach. They are given in biliary calculi, cardialgia,
atonic dyspepsia, vomiting and flatulence, also in highly acid urine or
lithiasis, in rheumatism, albuminuria, in diabetes and frontal head-
ache. As an alterative it is given in papular and scaly skin eruptions.
Locally a solution of bicarbonate is employed as a lotion in burns,
eczema, and in pruritis. In the form of baths and ointment it is used
in skin diseases and in liver affections. In tonsillitis and in hyper-
trophy of the tonsils as an insufflation or as a dusting powder its
application is very beneficial. A saturated solution is an useful ap-
plication in recent burns.

Sodii Chloras. — Sodium Chlorate. — Mix together hot solution of
sodium carbonate and tartaric acid — equal parts, and add potassium
chlorate. Colourless transparent crystals or cubes, without any
odour and cooling saline taste. Soluble in water (i in i), glycerine
(i in 5), and alcohol (1 in 100). Avoid application of heat or
trituration, as it explodes readily when brought into contact
with any organic matter as cork, tannin, sugar or any oxidizable
subsance as sulphur, antimony sulphide, phosphorus, &c. Dose —
5 to 15 grs.

Used as wash or injection. Gargarisma chlori — chlorine gargle.
Contains sodium chlorate 10 grs., hydrochloric acid 30 ms., water

1 pint. Tablets of sodium chlorate and borax or trochiscus sodium
chloratis, 3 grs. in each. Euchlorine solution. Contains 18 to 30 grs.
of potassium chlorate with 10 minims hydrochloric acid and 8 ounces
water. Used as gargle, spray or paint in diphtheria.

Actions and uses . — Antiseptic, deodorant, alterative. It irritates the
kidneys. Given in diphtheria, tonsillitis, inflammation of the pharynx,
larynx, in stomatitis and in mercurial phyalism. In gastric cancer

2 to 4 drs. given daily are very useful. Externally it is used as a
wash, gargle, or injection in ulceration of the mouth or along
the edges of the gums. Tablets are useful in loss of voice or
congested sore throat. Chlorine gargle is used as a detergent
and also as an inhalation. Euchlorine solution is used as a gargle
in diphtheria.

SODII CHLORIDUM.

171

Sodii Chloridum, B.P. — Sodium chloride, Muriate of sodium.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Mitha, Mil-huls-aajin ; Ben. — Nimok Lesu ;
Burm. — Themg-dan-hsa ; Can. — Uppu ; Cing. — Shih-yen, Lunu ;

Eng. — Common salt, Table sail; Guz. — Mithun ; Hind. — Lun , Nun;
Namaka, Kala-nimak ; Mah. — Lavana , Mitha ; Malay. — Garano , Uppa-
Lavanam ; Pers. — Namake-khurdam ; Sans.- — Samudra Lavana , Lava-
nam ; Tam. — Uppal ; Tel. — Uppu, Lavanam ; Duk. — Nimak , Namak.

Samudra lavana. The word is derived from samudra — sea and
lavana — salt. The salt produced from sea-water.

In India two varieties are met with : — (i) Dagadi Mith, hard crys-
talline cubes of a dirty, brownish white colour, (ii) Bharadi Mith,
sun-dried crystalline salt of a white colour, crystals shining and
small, without any odour and of a saline taste.

Sodium chloride is found in nature, forming 2*5 per cent, of the
waters of the ocean. It is a natural salt obtained in a solid form.
It exists as rock salt in mines. It is obtained by evaporation of
brine springs or sea-water. When obtained from sea-water it is
known as “ Samudra lavana.” It is the most important saline
constituent of the animal organism, and exists in the blood in solu-
tion with fibrin and albumin. Occurs as transparent cubes or small
white crystalline grains, without any odour, and of saline taste and
neutral reaction. Soluble in water 1 in 2*8, insoluble in alcohol and
chloroform. Dose — As a stomachic tonic 10 to 30 grains, as a
cathartic 2 to 4 drachms, as an emetic 4 to 8 drachms in hot water.

Used for baths — 1 pound in 3 gallons of water. As saline solution
for intravenous injection — Sodium chloride 50 grs., potassium
chloride 3 grs., sodium sulphate 2\ grs., sodium carbonate 2-J grs.,
sodium phosphate 2 grs., and water one pint. As saline solution
for rectal injection, sodium chloride 60 grs., boiling water 1 pint.

Physiological action. — Antiseptic, antiperiodic, anthelmintic and
deobstruent. Internally in small doses it increases the secretion
of the salivary and gastric glands, sharpens appetite, and pro-
motes digestion of vegetable food. It excites thirst and thus assists
absorption of liquid food. In a diluted form it enters the blood and
dissolves albumens and globulins. In a concentrated form it is an
irritant to the cut surfaces, to the mucous membranes, muscles and
nerves. It is also a rubefacient. It decreases the secretion of
mucus, promotes absorption of effused products. It is eliminated in
the urine. Therapeutics. — In fevers, dyspepsia and bilious diarrhoea in
children it is given with benefit. As a saline intravenous injection (or
enema) it is given during collapse stage after operations and in uterine
haemorrhages. As an enema it relieves flatulence and colic, and

172

SODII CHLORIDUM IMPURA.

prevents the paroxysmal attack of epilepsy. It is a popular remedy
for lumbricoid worms. In neuralgic headache it may be used as a
snuff. It relieves haemoptysis and migraine ; its solution i per cent,
is a topical application to stop haemorrhages from wounds and a.
wash in catarrh of the nostrils, in ozaena, and in chronic diseases
of the pharynx and larynx. Used as an antidote in poisoning by
silver nitrate. Heated salt is largely used as dry hot fomentation for
the relief of painful joints and swollen scrofulous glands. Salt water
or sea bathing is recommended for the cure of various skin affec-
tions and of rheumatic and muscular pains. It is also used as a
dentifrice.

Sodii Chloridum Impura. — In the Indian bazaar two impure
varieties of common salt are met with, and are largely used medi-
cinally by native practitioners. These are sindhav and savar-mith.

Sindhav. — Vernacular : Arab. — Mil-he-tabarzad ; Duk. — Sonda -
nimak ; Eng. — Rock salt; Guz. — Sindha-luna ; Hind. — Sendhalon ;
Malyal — Intuppu ; Pers. — Namake-sang ; Sans. — Sindhave ; Tam.— -
Inaunat-tuppu , Shindu-desha-vuppru ; Tel. — Shaindd-lavanam ■„

Chandru-uppu.

Regarded as an impure chloride of sodium containing a little sul-
phuret of iron, found in nature in extensive beds mostly associated
with clay and calcium sulphate. To obtain it, dig holes into these
rocks, which soon become filled up with salt water ; evaporate the
water, and the salt is ready for use. It is found in small white
crystalline grains or transparent cubes. It is brownish white exter-
nally and white internally. It is without any odour and of a pure
saline taste. Dose — As a cathartic i to 2 drs., as an emetic 4 to
8 drs., in hot water.

Preparations . — Vadavanal churana.— Compound powder. — Con-
tains rock salt, piper longum, pipal, piper chavak, chitrak, ginger*
myrobalans — equal parts. Mix and make a powder. Dose — 5 to
15 grs. Used in anorexia, flatulence, biliousness.

Lavana trati yadi churana. — Contains Sindhav 2, Sahchal 2,
Sdjikhar 2, Javakhar 2, Variali 3, Vekhand 1, A jamod 3 , Tulasibij 2*
Jiruh 3, Shdhjiruh 2, Miri 3, Pipali 4, Pipali mul 5, (baked) 3

Kachora 1, Venivel 2, Kalijiri 3, Suhth 2, Chitrak 1, Vavadihg 2>
Amali 1, Ddlimb-chhdl 3, Nishot 2, Dahtimul 2, Indr ay ana 1, Bha -
rang-nu-mul 2, Chirphal 2, Himaj 3. Mix and make a powder. To
this add Adu-no-ras and Malihga-m-ras to form a pill mass. Dose—
5 to 10 grs.

SAVARMITtf.

if 3

PANCrtA Lavana. an ch — five, and lavana — salt. It means the
five salts, namely, rock salt, Sambar salt, common salt, sanchal or
black salt, and bid lavana.

Vernacular: Mar. — Pancha Iona ; Sans. — Paucam, Pancha lavana .

A dirty grey or brown powder, without any odour, and of a pun-
gent taste. Dose — io to 30 grs.

Bid Lavana. — An artificially prepared salt. Contains rock salt,
sindha-lona and table salt, each 2 parts, and himaja 1 part. Met with
in flat pieces. Colour generally dirty white with a shade of pink,
without any odour, and of a pungent and somewhat astringent taste.
Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Actions and uses.— -Rock salt is cathartic and emetic, also stomachic.
Other properties are the same as those of common or table salt. The
purgative properties are probably due to the magnesium chloride it
contains. Vadavanal churan is used in anorexia, flatulence and
biliousness. Lavana tratiyadi churan is used in congestion of the
liver, spleen and kidneys. Also in rheumatism, neuralgia and consti-
pation. Bid lavana is a stomachic, tonic, carminative and alterative.
Used in dyspepsia, flatulence and colic ; also in enlargements of the
liver and spleen. Panch lavana is a carminative, laxative, stomachic,
tonic. Given in colic, indigestion and enlargement of the liver and
spleen.

Savarmith. — Vernacular'. Bomb. — Vadagru mithu ; Eng. — Chloride
of sodium , impure ; Hind. — Savaramith; Mah. — Sambhara luna, Sam-
bari mitha ; Sans. — Sambara nona, Goda lavana .

Collect salt water in cavities from the salt lake of Sambar, near
Ajmer, and evaporate. Clear, translucent, rhomboid, square or
brownish white crystals, or angular globules. In appearance it
resembles alum. The colour is grayish or dirty white, without any
odour, and of a pungent or saline taste. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

It is one of the ingredients of panch lavana and sanchal.

Sanchola. — Vernacular : Arab. — Mithe-nifti> Mihe-asvad ; Beng.—
Rala-nun ; Burm. — Same ; Can. — Kare-uppu ; Dak. — Bit-loban ; Eng.
— Black salt ; Guz. — Sanchala ; Hind. — Sanchara , Bid-Ion, Pada-lony
Pada-namak ; Malyal. — Karutta-uppa ; Mar. — Kala-mitha-padelona ;
Pers. — Nimake-Siyah ; Sans. — Sonavara-chala , Krishtna lavanam ;
Tam. — Gendaka vuppu ; Tel. — Nalla uppu.

Manufacture. — Mix together Sambara salt 6 parts and Amala 2
parts, and expose to a strong heat of the sun, or heat together black
salt, saji khara (sodium carbonate), Amala (emblic myrobalans) and

*74

SODII CITRO-TARTRAS EFFERVESCENS.

himaj (chabulic myrobolans), equal parts, &c» Dark shining granules
of a mild saline and somewhat nauseous taste. It is one of the in*
gredients of pancha lavana.

Actions and uses . — Carminative, aperient, stomachic, tonic, and
alterative. It is used in dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, chronic enlarge-
ments of liver and spleen.

Sodii Citro-tartras Effervescens, B.P.— •Effervescent sodium
citro-tartrate. Mix sodium bicarbonate 51 with citric acid 18 and
tartaric acid 27 ; add sugar 15. Small white crystals, without any
odour and of a saline taste, freely soluble in water, slightly so in
alcohol. Dose — 60 to 120 grs.

Actions and ^^.—Refrigerant, diuretic. Given as a cooling drink
in fevers and in uric acid diathesis, superior to potassium citrate.

Sodii Fluoridum Purum. — Sodium fluoride.— A dry white
crystalline powder, soluble in water. Dose — to i gr. Used as
solution txq per cent., wash \ to 1 per cent.

Actions and uses.— Disinfectant, antiseptic, antiperiodic and anti-
spasmodic. The solution is applied to wounds. As a wash it is used
in stomatitis and ulcerated mouth and sore throat. As a dressing
for wounds, bruises, &c. Internally given in epilepsy, malaria, and
tuberculosis.

Sodii Hippuras. — Sodium Hippurate. — Add hippuric acid to a
solution of sodium bicarbonate and evaporate. A white amorphous
powder. Freely soluble in water. Dose — 5 to 30 grs. Used as
solution or powder.

Actions and uses. — Diuretic, solvent for urates. Like sodium
benzoate it is given in gout and rheumatism. In uric acid calculus it
is given with citrate of lithium or potassium.

Sodii Hypophosphis, B. P. — Sodium Hypophosphite. — Add
solution of sodium carbonate to calcium hypophosphite, filter and
evaporate. It sometimes explodes during evaporation, owing to the
phosphoretted hydrogen gas being evolved. Deliquescent, small,
colourless, rectangular plates or white granular powder, without any
odour, and of a saline bitter taste, soluble in water (1 in 1), in
alcohol (1 in 30), and insoluble in ether. Heated in air, it yields
spontaneously inflammable hydrogen phosphide and hydrogen. It
colours the flame yellow. It is rapidly attacked by oxidizing agents.
Dose— 3 to 10 grs.

SODII HYPOSULPH1S.

*75

Preparation . — Syrupus sodii hypophosphites i grain in i drachm.
Dose — i to 4 drachms.

Actions and uses. — Nervine stimulant and tonic. Promotes nutri-
tion and improves digestion, and hence recommended in phthisis,
scrofula, anaemia, &c.

Sodii Hyposulphis. — Sodium hyposulphite, sodium thiosulphate.
Prepared by the action of carbonate of sodium on calcium hyposul-
phite, distinguished from other sodium salts by adding hydrochloric
acid to its solution, when sulphur is precipitated and sulphurous acid
gas given off. Colourless monoclinic prisms, effervescent, without
odour, and of cooling, bitter sulphurous taste. Soluble in water
(i in o’65), insoluble in alcohol. Dose — io to 25 grs.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, antiseptic, parasiticide and antifer-
mentative. Used in aphthae, boils, scrofulous abscesses, diph-
theria, to check vomiting due to fermentation in the stomach,
dyspepsia, flatulence, and excessive tympanitis. Occasionally given
as an alterative in syphilis and rheumatism. Externally its lotion is
used in parasitic skin affections, chloasma and ringworm.

Sodii Iodidum, B. P. — Sodium Iodide. Add iodine to a solution
of sodium hydroxide, evaporate to dryness, and heat with charcoal.
Another method. — Prepared by the interaction of sodium carbonate
and ferrous iodide. Colourless, deliquescent, white, crystalline
powder, or in cubical crystals ; without any odour and of saline
bitter taste. Soluble in water (1 in o’6), in alcohol (1 in 3). Dose —
5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Alterative and absorbent. Same as those of
potassium iodide, but less depressing and more assimilable : hence it
can be given in larger doses. Given in rheumatism, asthma, tertiary
syphilis, scrofula, chronic bronchitis, &c.

Sodii Nitras. — Sodium Nitrate. Found native in Chili, Peru, &c.

Eng. — Cubic nitrey chili saltpetre , chili nitre. — Neutralize sodium
carbonate with nitric acid ; or potassium nitrate with sodium chlo-
ride. Or purify native sodii nitras and crystallize. Slightly deli-
quescent. Fine powder, or colourless, transparent, rhombohedral
crystals, without any odour, and of saline bitter taste, neutral re-
action. Soluble in water (1 in 1*3), in alcohol (1 in 100). Dose — 15
to 3° grs., as a purgative 2 to 6 drs. Used as an aqueous solution.

Actions and uses. — A mild cathartic and solvent of false membranes.
Given in enteritis and dysentery. Externally the solution is applied

soDii-NriTRiSi

i?6

to rheumatic joints ; also locally used as a spray in diphtheria. Not
much used medicinally.

Sodii Nitris, B.P.— Sodium Nitrite* Fuse together sodium
nitrate, charcoal, and starch or fuse sodium nitrate and metallic
lead. Lixiviate with water, add nitric acid ; concentrate and crys-
tallise. A deliquescent salt. In white or yellowish white or colour-
less, transparent, hexagonal crystals or sticks or pencils, without
any odour, and of a saline taste. Very soluble in water (i to 1*5),
slightly in alcohol. Dose — 1 to 2 grs.

Preparation.— Spiritus astheris nitrosi. Spirit of nitrous ether,
or sweet spirit of nitre.

Actions and uses. — Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Simi-
lar in action to nitroglycerine and amyl nitrite, but it is milder and
more uniform. Nitrite of amyl and nitroglycerine act rapidly, but
their effect is not lasting. Sodium Nitrite is given with hyos-
cyamus in epilepsy, angina pectoris, Bright’s disease, rheumatism,
in bronchial and neurotic asthma, and in diseases of the urino*
genital organs. In angina pectoris it is given with sodii hippuras,

Sodii Permanganas. — A solution of this salt is green in colour
and like the potassium salt used as a disinfectant.

Sodii Peroxidlim — Sodium Dioxide. — A white amorphous powder.
Soluble in water. The solution produces heat and evolves oxygen
gas. Used as an antiseptic in tooth stopping.

Sodii Phosphas, B.P. — Hydric di-sodic phosphate. Disodium
hydrogen phosphate. Sodium phosphate, known also as “Tasteless
aperient salt.” Sodium orthophosphate and Rhombic phosphate of
soda. Exists in nature both in the organic and inorganic kingdoms.
To obtain it, act upon bone ash with sulphuric acid. The solution
contains acid calcium phosphate (superphosphate) and sulphate of
lime. The latter is precipitated. The filtrate is next neutralized with
sodium*carbonate, when calcium carbonate and sodium phosphate are
formed. Large colourless rhombic prisms, terminated by four con-
verging planes efflorescent without any odour, and of a saline taste,
soluble in water (1 in 6), insoluble in alcohol. Dose — As a purgative
2 to 4 drs., as a diuretic 30 to 120 grs.

Sodii Phosphas Effervescens, B.P. — Effervescent sodium
phosphate. Sodium phosphate and sodium bicarbonate, each 5 parts,
tartaric acid 2-7 parts, citric acid 1-8 parts, Mix and triturate

SODII PYROPHOSPHAS— SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE. 1 77

together. It contains 50 per cent, of phosphate of sodium. Dose—

1 to 2 drs.; for a single dose 2 to 4 drms.

Sodii Phosphas Exsiccatus. — In white granules, of a saline taste.
Dose — 10 grs. to 4 drs.

Physiological action.— Sodii phosphas is a mild and efficient aperient.

In small doses it acts as an antacid and diuretic, also alterative and
resolvent. It stimulates the biliary secretions. Therapeutic uses. — •
As an alterative and aperient it is given in scrofula, rickets, in chronic
rheumatism to children, and to adults in delicate health ; also given
in febrile and inflammatory affections. It is given in catarrh of the
biliary ducts and of the duodenum, in jaundice with chalky stools,
and in gallstone. In hepatic calculi it is given with sodium arsenate.
As a solvent it is given in uric acid diathesis, and in vesical calculi.
Also given in obesity. Locally applied to chronically inflamed joints.

Sodii Pyrophosphas— -Sodium Pyrophosphate.— Heat sodium
phosphate to dull redness. Colourless, monoclinic prisms, without
any odour, and of a cooling, saline and feebly alkaline taste. Soluble
in water (1 in 12), insoluble in alcohol. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Preparation. — Ferri phosphas solubilis.

Actions and uses . — Hepatic stimulant and alterative. Given in
scrofula, rickets, jaundice, &c. It may be used for the same purposes
as phosphate.

Sodii Salicylas, B.P. — Sodium Salicylate. Neutralize solution
of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate with salicylic acid. Also
prepared from oil of winter-green. A colourless or slightly yellow silky
crystals, or amorphous powder, or small crystalline scales, of sweet
saline taste, and without any odour. Soluble in water (1 in 0*9), in
alcohol and glycerine (1 in 6). The solution is neutral or faintly acid.
Heated to redness the salt is inflammable, and emits vapour of a
yellow colour. The taste may be disguised by the extract of liquorice
or syrup of ginger. Dose — 10 to 30 grs. It has the property of
increasing the solubility in water of caffeine, theobromine, exalgin,
phenol, menthol, creosote, guiacol and thymol.

Preparations. — Snuff. Snuff contains salicylate of sodium 80 grs.,
cocaine hydrochlorate 22 grs., and boracic acid 1 ounce. Used to
relieve nasal catarrh. Rectal enema (1 drachm in 3 pints of water).
Given in dysentery. Granular effervescent sodium salicylate (1 in 10).
Dose — 1 dr. or more.

Physiological action . — Diaphoretic, antipyretic, antiseptic and anti-
rheumatic. In small doses it reduces the body temperature, lowers
23

178

SODII SALICYL SULPHONAS.

the pulse and the arterial tension. It renders the secretion of bile
more fluid. In large doses it is a gastric irritant and causes nausea
and depression of spirits. Therapeutic uses. — Used to relieve neuralgic
pain, as sciatica, vertigo, &c. ; as an antipyretic, in fever of acute
rheumatism, in influenza and in other fevers, acute tonsilitis,
chorea, diabetes, in certain forms of dyspepsia and diarrhoea. It is
often used to prevent the formation of gall-stone. In skin diseases,
as psoriasis, it is given with benefit. It is superior to salicylic acid or
salicin, being less irritating, but it does not possess the same tonic
and stomachic properties. As an antiseptic its solution is used as a
wash for the bladder.

Sodii Salicyl Sulphonas. — A white crystalline salt, without any
odour and of an acid taste. Used as an antiseptic ; inferior to
salicylic acid, but superior to salicylate of sodium.

Sodii Santonas — Sodii Santoninas — Sodium Santonate. — A

combination of santonine with caustic soda. Colourless crystals or
stellate needles. Taste slightly bitter or saline. Turns yellow on
exposure to light. Soluble in water (1 in 100), freely soluble in hot
glycerine, slightly soluble in syrup. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Anthelmintic. Given in place of santonine.

Sodii Silicas — Solution of sodium silicate. Known as water
glass or soluble glass. A viscid solution of the consistence of treacle.
Contains caustic soda 10 per cent, and silica 20 per cent. Used as
solution or paint.

Actions and uses. — It arrests putrefaction of organic matter. As an
antiseptic injection used for gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, uterine ulcera-
tions, ozoena, cystitis, &c. In erysipelas it has been painted over the
affected part with benefit.

Sodii Sulphas, B.P . — Sal Catharticus. Glauber’s salt. Sodium
Sulphate. Found in nature, and exists in sea-water.

Habitat. — Oudh, India, Duab, North-Western India.

Vernacular : Eng.— Glauber's salt; Beng. — Khari rum , Khar i matti ;
Hind. — Kharnamak , Khdra-lou.

Neutralize the residue left in the manufacture of hydrochloric acid
with sodium carbonate, dissolve in water, and evaporate. Another
method— Obtained by the action of sulphuric acid on sodium chlo-
ride and other sodium salts. Efflorescent, large, colourless, trans-
parent, oblique prisms, without any odour, and of bitter saline taste

SODII SULPHAS EFFERVESCENS.

l79

and neutral reaction, soluble in water in less than half its weight,
insoluble in alcohol. Dose — £ to 2 drs. ; for a single dose %
to ^ oz.

An ingredient in the preparation of sodii sulphas exsiccatus.

Sodii Sulphas Effervescens, B.P.— Effervescent Sodium Sul-
phate.— Contains 50 per cent, of Sodium Sulphate, Sodium Sul-
phate 5, Sodium Bicarbonate 5, Tartaric Acid 2*7, Citric Acid i*8.
Mix. Dose — 2 to 4 drs.

Sodio Magnesii Sulphas Effervescens— Effervescent Sodio
Magnesian aperient. — Contains, sulphate of sodium and sulphate of
magnesium combined. Dose — 1 to 2 drs. An agreeable and efficient
aperient. Resembles Hunyadi Janos and Pullna waters.

Actions and uses. — Cooling, aperient, hepatic and intestinal stimu-
lant and diuretic. Used in fevers with constipation. Given with
sodium bicarbonate in bilious disorders, gout, obesity and diabetes.
When effloresced or dried, the dose must be one-half.

Sodii Sulphis, B.P. — Sodium Sulphite. — Saturate the solution
of sodium carbonate or other sodium salts' with sulphurous acid
and crystallize. Colourless, transparent, monoclinic prisms or
efflorescent crystals, having a slight sulphurous odour and cooling
disagreeable taste, neutral or faintly alkaline in reaction, soluble in
water (1 in 4), sparingly soluble in alcohol. The solution gives off
sulphurous acid gas on the addition of an acid, but does not deposit
sulphur. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Physiological action . — Alterative, antiseptic and disinfectant ; it des-
troys bacteroid organisms and arrests putrefaction. Therapeutic uses.
— Used in sarcinse ventriculi, in enteric fever, in dyspepsia, sore mouth
depending upon fermentation in the stomach and intestines, also in
vomiting due to similar causes. It has been tried as an internal dis-
infectant in various specific fevers, chronic mercurial affections,
plague, &c., with encouraging results.

Sodii Sulpho-Carbolas, B.P. — Sodium Sulpho-carbolate, So-
dium Phenol Parasulphonate. — Heat together equal parts of sulphuric
acid and pure carbolic acid, and add water ; phenol sulphuric acid is
produced. Neutralize the solution with barium carbonate. Barium
sulphate is deposited, leaving barium sulpho-carbolate in solution.
Add to the filtrate sodium carbonate, evaporate the solution, and

i8o

SODII SULPHO-VINAS.

crystallize. Colourless, transparent, rhombic prisms or white crystals,
without any odour, and of a cooling saline bitter taste. Soluble
in water (i in 6), in alcohol (i in 150). Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Physiological action . — Antiseptic and disinfectant. Believed to be
a convenient method of administering carbolic acid.

Therapeutic uses. — Used in all specific fevers, such as small-pox,
typhus, plague, in typhoid and puerperal fevers and pyaemia. It has
been tried in fermentative dyspepsia of phthisis, diphtheria, and
cholera, in fermentation of the stomach and intestines ; it is used to
check vomiting, to remove foul eructations, foetid urine and foul
breath. Externally \ to 1 per cent, solution is used as an injection in
gonorrhoea, putrid wounds, &c.

Sodii Sulpho-Vinas — -Sodium Sulpho Vinate, Sodium Sulpho
Ethylate, Sodium Ethyl Sulphate. Efflorescent colourless crystals.
Tasteless, Dose — 2 to 8 drs.

Actions and uses. — Aperient and antisudorific. Given in sweats of
phthisis and of other diseases.

Sodium Sulpholeate. — Neutralize with soda the compound pro-
duced by the action of sulphuric acid on castor-oil, or any other
fixed oil or fat. A fine powder, miscible with water, and is rapidly
absorbed by the skin.

Actions and uses. — An ointment base used like vaseline in chronic
skin diseases, but being acid it is somewhat irritating to a delicate
skin.

Sodii Sulpho-rlcinoleas. — To prepare it, treat castor-oil with
sulphuric acid at a low temperature, wash with water and ether, and
saponify with soda. The preparation is known as oleite, polysolve
or solvine. Oleite is a yellowish oily liquid, miscible with alcohol,
chloroform, water, &c., readily absorbable by the skin. It readily
dissolves sulphur, chrysarobin, iodoform, and alkaloids. Locally it is
a soothing emollient.

Soda Tartarata, B.P.— Potassii et Sodii Tartras— Tartrated
Soda — Sodium Potassium Tartrate — Tartrate of Potassium and So-
dium— Rochelle salt, Siegnette salt. — Neutralize hot solution of
sodium carbonate with cream of tartar. Colourless, trimetric prisms,
ora white powder, without any odour, and a cooling saline bitter
taste, neutral reaction, entirely soluble in water (1 in 2), very soluble
in boiling water, almost insoluble in alcohol. Dose — As a diuretic
20 to 60 grs. ; as a purgative 2 to 4 drs.

SODII TAURO-CHOLAS.

181

Sodii Tauro-Cholas— Sodium Tauro-Cholate.— Prepared from
ox bile or pig’s bile. A white amorphous powder. Should be free
from sodium glycocholate. Used as keratin-coated pills to prevent
solution till it reaches the intestines. Dose— 2 to 6 grs.

Actions and uses.— Diuretic. A biliary salt given for defective
digestion and to promote assimilation. In hepatic affections it is
given with pancreatine. Also given in gout, gouty obesity and
dyspepsia.

Sodii Telluras— Sodium Tellurate. — Dose — i to i gr. An

intestinal irritant. A powerful antisudorific. Given in night sweat-
ing of phthisis. It gives tellurium smell to the breath. Often causes
diarrhoea in phthisical cases.

Sodii Valerianas— Sodium Valerionate. —

Characters. — A dry white mass, not alkaline ; soluble in rectifie
spirit. Soluble in water (1 in 2).

Dose — 1 to 5 grs.

Actions and uses. — Same as Valerian.

% Lithium. — It never occurs in nature in its pure state, but exists
mostly in the inorganic kingdom, forming salts in combination with
silica as lepidolite, spodumene ; as chloride in soils and spring
water ; as carbonate in ashes of plants. It is the lightest solid body
known. It burns like potassium and sodium when thrown upon
water.

Lithii Benzoas — 'Lithium Benzoate. — Add bezonic acid to a hot
solution of lithium carbonate, evaporate and crystallize, A light
deliquescent powder or shining crystalline scales, of a faint odour of
benzoic acid and cooling sweetish taste. Soluble in water (1 in 4).
Contains 95 per cent, of benzoic acid. Dose — 2 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Diuretic and antilithic. Used in gout, calculous
disorders, rheumatism, &c.

Lithii Bromidum — Lithium Bromide.

Heat together solutions of ferrous bromide and lithium carbonate,
evaporate and crystallize, or dissolve lithium carbonate in hydro-
bromic acid. Deliquescent white granules, of a sharp bitter taste,
without any odour ; very freely soluble in water and alcohol. Con-
tains more bromine than potassium bromide. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Actions and uses. — Hypnotic and sedative. Contains the greatest
amount of bromine, and is therefore the most powerful and the best

1 82

LITHII CARBONAS.

hypnotic of the four alkaline bromides. Used for epilepsy and also*
in Bright’s disease, muscular rheumatism, myalgia, and uric acid
diathesis.

Lithii Carbonas, B.p. — Lithium Carbonate. — Obtained by the
action of ammonium carbonate on lithium chloride or on native
lithium silicate. A white powder or minute crystalline scales, with-
out any odour, of an alkaline taste and alkaline reaction ; slightly
soluble in cold water (i in 70), insoluble in alcohol. Dissolves with
effervescence in hydrochloric acid. Communicates crimson colour to
the flame. Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Preparation . — Liquor lithii carbonas effervescens, B.P. (10 grs. to

pint). Airated lithia water. Contains lithia carbonate dissolved in
water, charged with carbonic acid gas.

Physiological action . — Antacid and strongly diuretic, solvent and
lithontriptic, having well-marked alkaline influence on the urine. It
has low atomic weight ; hence its saturating power is greater than
that of any other alkaline metals, and hence more alkali can be
administered with lithium salts than with those of potassium, sodium
or ammonium. Therapeutic uses. — Given in uric acid and gouty
diathesis and to dissolve uric acid deposits in joints. It is an useful
diuretic in cases of acid urine. Of late, effervescent lithia water
(5 grs.) with arsenate of soda 2V grs- 1S given in diabetes. It is
applied locally to gouty joints and other gouty deposits to dissolve
uric acid. It is also useful for indigestion and in rheumatism in
obese subjects.

Lithii Citras, B.P.-r Lithium Citrate. — Add citric acid to an
aqueous solution of lithium carbonate to saturation, evaporate and
crystallize. A deliquescent white amorphous powder, without any
odour, and of cooling alkaline taste, soluble in water (1 in 2) ; heated
to redness it blackens and evolves inflammable gases. Dose — 5 to
10 grs.

Lithii Citras Effervescens, B.P. — Effervescent lithium citrate.
— It contains sodium bicarbonate 5*8 parts, tartaric acid 3*1 parts,
citric acid 2*1 parts, and lithium citrate 0*5 parts. Small granular
powder, soluble in water. Dose — 60 to 120 grs.

Physiological action. — It is a diuretic and solvent, but more soluble
and less irritating in the stomach than lithium carbonate. In the
organism lithium citrate is decomposed, citric acid being oxidized and
the lithium carbonate formed. Therapeutic uses . — Given in dyspepsia

LITHII GUAIACAS. 1 83

with acid urine. It is the most convenient way of administering
lithium salts.

Lithii Guaiacas — Lithium Guaiacate. — Digest guaiacum resin
in an aqueous solution of lithia, and evaporate. Contains lithia
(1 to 3). Dose— 5 grs.

Actions and uses. — Given in chronic gout and rheumatism.

Lithii Glycerophosphas. — A white amorphous powder, soluble
in water. Dose — 3 to 8 grs.

Lithii Hippuras— Lithium Hippurate— Small white crystals,
soluble in water. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Lithontriptic. Solvent of lithates. Given in
gout and rheumatism.

Lithii Iodidi— Lithium Iodide. — A white powder, soluble in
water. Dose— 1 to 5 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antisyphilitic and antilithic. Useful in the
treatment of gout ; also given in dyspepsia, eczema, and in painful
syphilitic affections.

Lithii Salicylas — Lithium Salicylate. — A white deliquescent
powder of a sweetish taste and without odour, soluble in water
(1 in 1). One drachm contains 2*75 grs. of lithium. Dose — 5 to
20 grs.

Preparation. — Granular effervescent lithium salicylate (1 in 30).
Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Actions and uses. — Antirheumatic, solvent and diuretic ; better than
salicylate of sodium, being less irritating to the stomach. Given for
gout and rheumatism.

Lithium Sozoiodol — Lithium Di-iodo Paraphenol Sulphonate.
— It contains iodine, phenol and sulphur with lithium carbonate
in combination. White plates, soluble in water.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic. Used as dusting powder. Similar
in properties to iodoform.

Lithii Tartras Acidus — Lithium Acid Tartrate. — A fine white
powder or crystals. Dose — 3 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Given in gout and rheumatism.

184

ALKALINE EARTHS.

ALKALINE EARTHS.

These are mineral products containing magnesium, calcium, barium
and strontium. They go to form with metalloids a group of com-
pound salts.

Magnesium. — Never found free in nature. Occurs abundantly in
the mineral kingdom as compound salts, in salt mines, caves, sea and
spring waters, as chlorides and sulphates ; in mountain ranges as
magnesium limestone, carbonates of magnesium and calcium or
dolomite ; as mineral talc, asbestos, soap stone, &c., it is found in
various earths, and occurs as silicate or in combination with silica
or other metals. Magnesium also occurs in the bodies of plants and
animals, in solids and fluids, especially the urine, as carbonate and
phosphate combined with organic acids. Obtained by the action of
metallic sodium on magnesium chloride, or on the double chlorides of
magnesium and sodium or of potassium and magnesium. A brilliant
silvery white metal. When burnt it produces a powerful light with
strong actinic rays.

Liquor Magnesii Boratis.

Magnesium carbonate and boric acid dissolved in boiling water.
Contains boric acid (1 in 6). It is said to be the composition of
antifungin.

Actions and uses.— Locally used as a paint in diphtheria.

Magnesii Boro Citras— Magnesium Boro Citrate. — Obtained
by mixing together borax 2, magnesii carbonas 1, and citric acid 2.
A white powder or scales, soluble in water. Dose — 15 to 30 grs.

Preparation. — A compound powder. — Boracite. It contains mag-
nesii boro citras 1 with sugar 2. Dose — 60 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antilithic and urinary antiseptic. Given inter-
nally in uric acid, gravel, gout, rheumatism, &c. Boracite is given
to sterilize the urine before operation.

Magnesia Levis, B.p. — Light magnesium oxide. Light mag-
nesia. Light calcined magnesia. — Heat light magnesium carbonate
to a dull red-heat to expel nearly all carbonic acid. A fine light
white powder without any odour and of slight alkaline or earthy
taste, soluble in diluted acids, insoluble in water and in alcohol.
Dose — 5 to 60 grs.

Preparation.— Pulvis rhei compositus, B.P. (2 in 3).

MAGNESIA PONDEROSA.

185

Actions and uses.— Antacid, laxative and antilithic. It is given in
sick headache, heartburn, pyrosis, flatulent colic and to neutralize
the acidity of the stomach and intestines. Absorbed into the blood
it produces alkaline urine, hence useful in gout, gravel and uric acid
diathesis. It acts as a mild purgative, especially in children with a
tendency to constipation. Externally as a dusting powder it is used
for ulcers, abraded surfaces, &c. It is sometimes used as an ingre-
dient in tooth powders.

Magnesia Ponderosa, B.P.— Heavy Magnesia, Heavy Magne-
sium Oxide, Heavy Calcined Magnesia, Magnesia Usta. — Expose
heavy magnesium carbonate to a dull red heat. A dense white
powder without any odour, and of an earthy taste. It is three and-
a-half times heavier than light magnesia, almost insoluble in water
and insoluble in alcohol. Dose — 5 to 60 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antacid, laxative, and antilithic. Given in acidity
of the stomach and intestines, in diarrhoea of children and in
dyspepsia, in gouty and rheumatic subjects, and in uric acid diathesis.
It produces alkaline urine, and hence is very beneficial.

Magnesii Carbonas Levis, B.P. — Light Magnesium Carbonate.
Magnesia Alba-carbonica. — Boil a mixture of magnesium sulphate
10 and sodium carbonate 12. Filter, wash and dry the precipitate.
A light white powder, partly amorphous and partly crystalline,
insoluble in water and alcohol. Dose — 5 to 60 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antacid, antilithic and laxative. Used in gout,
acid urine, and in acidity of the stomach and intestines. Magnesia
and its carboantes are used as antidotes in poisoning by strong
acids, arsenic, cupric, mercuric and phosphorus salts.

Magnesii Carbonas Ponderosus, B.P.— Heavy Magnesium
Carbonate. Heavy Carbonate of Magnesia. — Exists in native state
as magnesium limestones. For medicinal purposes mix together
boiling solutions of sulphate of magnesium and carbonate of sodium.
Filter and dry. A white heavy granular powder, without any odour,
and of an earthy taste, almost insoluble in water and alcohol, soluble
in dilute mineral acids. Dose — 5 to 60 grs.

Preparation .- — Liquor Magnesii Carbonatis, B.P. Fluid magnesia
(each fluid ounce contains about 10 grains of carbonate of magne-
sium). Dose— 1 to 2 fluid ozs. Mistura Alba contains magnesium
carbonate 10 grains, magnesium sulphate 2 drachms, peppermint
water 1 fluid ounce. Dose — 1 oz. Antacid, antilithic, laxative. Used
in uric acid diathesis, gout, acidity of the stomach and intestines.

24

X<86 MAGNESII CITRAS EFFERVESCENS.

Magnesii Glycero Phosphas. — A white amorphous powder, soluble
in water. Dose — 3 to 10 grs.

Magnesii Citras Effervescens— Effervescent Magnesium Citrate.
—Take magnesium carbonate 10, citric acid 46, sodium bicarbonate
34, sugar 8, and water 4, alcohol q.s. Mix and granulate. Deliques-
cent coarse granular powder, taste acid, reaction acid. Soluble in
water, insoluble in alcohol. Dose 1 to 3 drs.

Preparation. —Liquor magnesii citratis. Solution of magnesium
citrate.— Contains magnesium carbonate 100 grs., citric acid 200 grs.,.
potassium bicarbonate 40 grs., syrup of lemons \ oz., water 10 ozs.
Dose — 5 to 10 ozs. Given as a cathartic.

Mistura Magnesii et Asafetidffi— Magnesia and asafoetida
carminative mixture. — Contains magnesii carbonate 5, tincture ofasa-
fetida 7, tincture of opium 1, sugar 10, water 100. Dose — | to 2 drs.
Laxative and antacid. In small doses it is given in the beginning of
diarrhoea and in cholera. Very often given to remove any irritating
matter or obstruction in the intestines. In febrile and inflammatory
diseases, in renal and cardiac dropsy, in ascites due to portal
obstruction or to increased cerebral congestion, in constipation
due to defective intestinal secretions or to lead poisoning, its use
is very valuable. It should be given with senna to increase
intestinal peristalsis.

Magnesii Sulphas, B.P. — Magnesium Sulphate, Epsom Salt.
— It is a constituent of sea-water, of many mineral springs as those
of Epsom. Obtained by treating dolomite with sulphuric acid, or
by purifying the native magnesium sulphate. Fine white needle-like
crystals or small rhombic prisms, without any odour, of a cooling
saline bitter taste and neutral reaction ; soluble in water (1 in 1),
insoluble in alcohol. Dose — ^ to ^ oz.

Preparations . — Infusum sennse compositum. Dose — \ to 2 ozs. ;
Magnesii Sulphas Effervescens, B.P. Effervescent Epsom Salt.
Contains Sulphate of Magnesia 50 per cent., or contains Magnesium
Sulphate 50 grs., Sodium Bicarbonate 36 grs., Tartaric Acid 19 grs.,
Citric Acid \2\ grs., Refined Sugar 10^ grs. Dose — \ to 1 oz. ;
Enema magnesii sulphatis, enema catharticus, sulphatis of magnesia,
and olive-oil each one ounce, mucilage of starch 15 fluid ozs.

Physiological action. — Magnesia and the carbonates are refriger-
ant antacids, diuretic and mild saline laxatives. When taken into
the stomach they neutralize the free acids and form laxative salts.
When taken in large doses and for a long time they become

MAGNESII SULPHIS.

187

hydrated and form concretions in the intestines. The citrate and
the sulphate are saline purgatives, rapidly producing copious dis-
charges from the intestines with very little griping or irritation,
and unaccompanied by depression. When given, they should be
largely diluted with water.

Magnesii Sulphis— Magnesium Sulphite.— Used as tablets,
5 grs. each. Dose— 10 to 30 grs. Used internally as gargle and
insufflation, and in diphtheria.

CALCIUM.

A metallic base of the alkaline earth group. Never met with
in a free state. Occurs in all the three kingdoms in nature. It is a
light yellow ductile metal, a basis of all calcareous and cretaceous
substances. It is found in combinaton with metalloids and metals.
As carbonates in calcareous spar, chalk, rock, limestone, argentine,
marble, shells of eggs, mollusca, &c. As acid carbonate in water, as
sulphate in alabaster and gypsum. As phosphate in hard shells and
soft organic tissues of the animal body, such as nerves, muscles,
bones, &c. As fluoride in fluorspar, as silicate in rocks. It is found
in the vegetable kingdom in combination with vegetable acids.

Calcspar is used medicinally in India. The natives call it white
antimony from its rhombohedral fracture resembling that of galena,
which is employed in lieu of antimony. Used as a collyrium for
the eyes like sulphide of antimony.

Calcii Boras — Calcium Borate. — A white powder. Soluble in
calcium chloride and borax solutions. Dose — 2 grs.

Actions and uses. — Astringent. Given in sore mouth and also
internally in diarrhoea.

Calcii Bromidum — Calcium Bromide. — Add bromine to hydrated
calcium. Evaporate. Then add charcoal and apply heat, or mix
ferrous bromide with calcium carbonate in solution, and evaporate*
White granules, highly -deliquescent, of a sharp saline taste’
soluble in water (1 in 0*7) and alcohol (1 in 1). Dose — 10 to 30 grs.
or more.

*

Actions and uses. — Nervine sedative. Given in epilepsy, hysteria,
&c.

Calcii Carbidum — Calcium Carbide. — In solid crystalline

masses, resembling pieces of coal. Brought in contact with water
or moisture, it evolves acetylene gas.

CALCIUM CARBONATE.

1 88

Actions and nses — Escharotic. Used in the treatment of cancer
of the uterus and vagina, also of uterine epithelioma, A piece of the
size of a small almond is introduced into the cavity of the uterus
and vagina and plugged with iodoform gauze.

Calcium Carbonate — Carbonate of lime, chalk,— -It consists of
infinitesimal shells composed mostly of carbonate of lime with mag-
nesia, aluminae, silica, iron and organic matter.

Vernacidar. — Arab. — Kits ; Burm. — H. Tounghpyu ; Eng. — Chalk t
Marble, Quicklime ; Hind. — Vilatti chuna , Karri matti ; Malyal. —
Kapur ingris ; Pers. — Gil safed ; Tam. — Sirni chunambu.

It is often contaminated with iron oxide, clay, organic matter, &c.,
and forms rocky beds. It occurs in nature as limestone, white mar-
ble, &c. A native friable calcium carbonate otherwise known as
creta is used in producing carbonic acid gas.

Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus, B.P. — Precipitated calcium car-
bonate, precipitated chalk. — Mix together boiling solutions of cal-
cium chloride and sodium carbonate. A fine white powder without
any odour or taste, soluble in mineral acids or acetic acid, nearly
insoluble in water and alcohol. It is an ingredient in trochiscus
bismuthi compositus, B.P. Dose — io to 60 grs.

Actions and uses. — A mild astringent and antacid. Given in
dyspepsia, hyperacidity of the stomach, &c.

Creta Praeparata, B.P. — Prepared chalk. A native friable
carbonate of lime, freed from impurities by elutriation. The chalk
or whiting is well powdered, washed with water, decanted, and
allowed to subside. A white amorphous powder without any taste
or odour, nearly insoluble in water and alcohol. Dose — io to 60 grs.
Used also as a dusting powder.

Preparations. — Hydrargyrum cum creta, B.P. Dose — i to 5 grs.
Mistura Cretse, B.P. Chalk mixture. Contains prepared chalk $■ oz.,
tragacanth in powder 15 grs., refined sugar -J oz., cinnamon water
8 ozs. Dose — \ to 1 oz. Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus, B.P. — Aromatic
chalk powder. Confectio Aromatica. — Powdered cinnamon bark
4 drs., powdered nutmeg 3 drs., powdered cloves i-| drs., powdered
cardamom seeds 1 dr., refined sugar 25 drs., prepared chalk 11 drs.
Dose — 10 to 60 grs. Pulvis Cretaa Aromaticus cum Opio, B.P. —
Aromatic chalk powder with opium (1 grain of opium in 40). Dose —
10 to 40 grs. Trochisci Cretae. — Troches of chalk. Contains chalk
25, spirit of nutmeg 3, acacia 7, and sugar 40. 4 grs. in each.

CALCII CHLORIDUM.

189

Actions and uses. — Antacid, mild astringent and absorbent. Used
in diarrhoea and dyspepsia with acidity in children and infants ; also
in bronchitis with colliquative sweats and diarrhoea. It forms a basis
or a principal ingredient in all tooth powders and some toilet pow-
ders. As a dusting powder it is used in burns, excoriations of the
skin, ulcers accompanied by acrid irritating discharges. The surface
should be covered with linseed poultices.

Calcii Chloridum, B.P . — Calcium Chloride, Calcium Chloratum,
Muriate of Lime. — Neutralize hydrochloric acid with marble or
calcium carbonate, and evaporate. Very deliquescent white aggluti-
nated masses, without odour, and of a sharp saline taste, soluble in
water (1 in 1), in alcohol (1 in 3). Should not be confounded with
chlorinated lime. Dose — 5 to 15 grs., even up to 30 grs.

Preparation. — Liquor calcii chloridi (1 to 5). Dose — 15 to 50 ms.

Physiological action. — A diffusible salt. In large doses acro-narco-
tic poison. It sets up gastro enteritis, increases the excretion of urea
in the urine. In small or moderate doses it is an alterative, stimu-
lant of the lymphatic and glandular systems, and slightly irritant.
Therapeutics . — Given in strumous diathesis it causes resolution or
calcification of tubercles. It is of benefit in wasting diseases as
phthisis and in glandular enlargements where cod liver oil and
*odine may have failed. In ovarian and other tumours as in uterine
fibroids it is of benefit by aiding a process of calcareous degeneration.
In sea sickness, in sarcinae, in chronic skin diseases as eczema,
impetigo, acute lobar pneumonia, it is successfully tried. From its
property of rendering the blood less prone to fluidity it is used
in serotherapy to check inflammation at the seat of inoculation.
It is also of service to check bleeding in case of haemophilia.

Calcii Glycero Phosphas— Calcium Glycero Phosphate. —

White powder or crystals, soluble in cold, but insoluble in hot water.
Dose — 3 to 10 grs. Given hypodermically in 2 to 4 grs. doses.

Actions qnd uses. — Nervine tonic and aphrodisiac. Given in seminal
debility, spermatorrhoea, & c. It improves the general nutrition of
the nervous system.

Calcii Hydras, B.P.- — Calcium Hydroxide, Calcium Hydrate.
Eng. — Hydrate of • lime, Slaked lime ; Malay al. — Kapur mati. Add
water 1 pint to calcium oxide — recently burnt lime or quicklime 1 lb.,
till vapour ceases to be disengaged ; the residue, on cooling, is
slaked lime. The process is termed slaking, and is attended with the

LIQUOR CALCIS.

1 90

evolution of great heat. It is a soft white powder of a strong alka«
line taste and alkaline reaction, soluble in water (1 in 900). The
solubility is increased by the addition of sugar ; strongly heated, it
loses \ of its weight of water. Should be kept in a stoppered
bottle immediately after preparation.

Liquor Calcis, B.P. — Solution of Lime. Lime wTater. Obtained by
shaking slaked lime with water or by pouring water on recently burnt
lime (-J gr. to an ounce). A clean saturated solution of lime without
any odour and of a saline taste. Absorbs carbone dioxide from the
air and forms a pellicle on the surface of carbonate of lime. Dose — 1
to 4 fluid ounces.

Calcii SaccharaSy Calcium Bi- Sac char ate. — A white crystalline
powder, soluble in water. Dose — 8 to 30 grs. In colourless tufts,
soluble in water.

Liquor Calcis Saccharatus, B.P.' — Saccharated solution of lime.
Contains calcium oxide 8 grs. to 1 oz. Dose — 20 to 60 ms. Used
as an antacid for dyspepsia and flatulence.

Linimentum Calcis, B.P. — Carron Oil, Lime liniment (1 in 2).

Physiological action. — Burnt lime or quicklime has a great affinity
for water. Locally it is an irritant and a superficial caustic, decom-
posing and destroying organic matter. Its fumes set up inflammation
of the eyes or nose. If swallowed or inhaled, it produces local inflam-
mation and ulceration. In a diluted form liquor calcis is astringent,
sedative, absorbent, and an antacid. Calcium salts improve the
muscular tissue of the heart or any other muscles. The calcium
phosphates are useful for the nutrition of bones, cartilages, tendons,
&c. When deficient in the blood, they lead to disease of the bone
and lymphatics, and even to emaciation. When in excess, they lead
to goitre.

Therapeutic uses . — Lime powder is only used as a masticatory in
India. Locally combined with caustic potash (Vienna paste) it is
used as an escharotic in opening hepatic abscesses. Mixed with sul-
phuret of arsenic it is used as a depilatory by tanners to remove hairs
from hides and by women to remove hairs from over the pubes.
Mixed with ammonium chloride it is used to destroy nsevi, warts, &c.
Mixed with honey it is used as a mild counter-irritant for rheumatic
joints and for headache. In the form of linimentum calcis, slaked
lime is used as a desiccant over burns and scalds, and as a cooling
application with glycerine to the face in small-pox, to the skin diseases
in psoriasis, eczema, &c. The vapour is used as inhalation in diph-
theria. Liquor calcis or solution of lime is antacid, alterative and

CALX CHLORINATA.

I9I

astringent. As antacid it neutralizes the acidity of the stomach and
is given in acid dyspepsia, muco enteritis, typhoid fever, and to a'rrest
vomiting, due to chronic gastric ulcers. In diarrhcea in children
milk with lime water is very efficacious. As an enema, lime water is
given against thread worms, as a wash for aphtha; and as a lotion
for chapped and cracked nipples, also for mucous or purulent
discharges from wounds, ulcers, &c. As an antiseptic, lime is used
to disinfect sick rooms, fcetid stools, cesspools, sewers, &c.

Calx Chlorinata, B.P.— Chlorinated Lime, Chlorated Lime
Calcium Hypochlorite, Chloride of Lime, Bleaching Powder It?
compound of hypochlorite and chloride of calcium. To obtain ?

pass chlorine gas over slaked lime until absorption ceases A hv’
or dull white granular powder, with odour of chlorine gas of an I a

taste, partly soluble in water or alcohol. It gives off chlorine ^

able chlorine. Dose-i to 5 grs. Used as a solution 1 to 3 per cent
as a mouth wash, lotion, or ointment. ’

Preparation. Liquor Calcis Chlorinate, B.P,_Liquor calcis chin
rate solution of chlorinated lime (1 in 10). It contains 3 per cent
o chlorine gas. Dose— 3 to 30 ms. Vapour Chlori.— Add ^ater to
the powdered chlorinated lime. Liquor Sodte Chlorinate, B !
Solution of chlorinated soda. To prepare it, take sodium carbonate
24 oz., chlorinated lime 16 ozs., water to make 1 gallon. It is a clear
pale greenish liquid of a disagreeable alkaline taste and of a chlorine
odour. Used as gargle or injection. Dose— 10 to 20 ms.

Actions and t««.-Desiccant, stimulant, antiseptic, deodorant
isinfectant, rarely used internally. Locally used for ulcers burns’
Skin troubles itch, putrid sore throat" ulcerated gums &c’
Liquor sod* chlorinate is sometimes used internally as a stimulant'
antiseptic or resolvent. It is given in typhus, scariatina ! dype's,a’
dysentery fevers with fetid breath, fetid urine, and fetid stools
a so ,n glandular enlargements, syphilis, ozcena, carbuncles tinea

The VaP°Ur ^ US6d “ ““

phS1 oCnimePOPhOSPhiS’ BP-CalciUm HyP°P^ospite. Hypophos-

acfdtPtt?1i?t1onVit?halCiUm hyd?Xide “ Water 3"d Pass c-bonic
• • °n' excess of lime is precipitated Filter t-tnc

*»- 1 1,,* ;,rer, " ™

crystalline powder with a pearly lustre, without any odour,

192

CALX IODINATA.

and of a nauseous taste, soluble in water ( i in 8 )> insoluble in
alcohol. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. Heated to redness it evolves inflam-
mable hydrogen phospide and hydrogen.

Preparation. — Syrupus calcii hypophosphitis one grain in each
drachm. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Syrupus Calcii Manganesii et Potassii Hypophosphitum. — Contains
2 grs. hypophosphite of calcium, 1 gr. each potassium and man-
ganese hypophosphites, and syrup 1 dr. Dose — to 1 dr.

Actions and uses. — Nervine stimulant, and tonic. Largely used in
night sweats of phthisis, in scrofula, chlorosis, rickets, caries of bone,
defective nutrition, also in hectic fever.

Calx Iodinata- — Iodinated lime. This is a compound of iodine
and lime. To obtain it, pass iodine vapour over slaked lime till
absorption ceases. A granular powder, of the odour of iodine.

Liquor Calcis Iodinatae — Solution of a compound of iodine and
lime. A solution similar to Liquor Calcis Chlorinatae. Contains
16 grs. of iodine to 1 oz. A watery liquid. On addition of an acid,
iodine is set free. Dose — 5 to 20 ms.

Actions arid uses. — Germicidal, disinfectant and antiseptic. Similar
to those of iodine. Externally as a gargle it is used diluted with
water.

Remarks. — With acid urine it gives a red colour. With alkaline
urine a white precipitate of phosphate of calcium.

Calcii Hippuras — Calcium Hippurate.— Add hippuric acid to a
solution of calcium carbonate. White crystals, soluble in water
(1 in 30). Dose— 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses.'— Lithontriptic and solvent for urates. Given in
combination with phosphate of soda in cystitis, gravel, rachitis,,
scrofula, liver diseases, gout, and diabetes. Not decomposed by
passing through the system.

Calcii Lactas. — A white crystalline powder, soluble in water
(1 in 60). Dose— 1 to 5 grs. Very easily assimilated into the

system.

Calcii Lactophosphas. — Calcium Lactophosphate. — To prepare
it, add gradually precipitated calcium carbonate 5 lactic acid 60.
Make a solution with water, then add concentrated phosphoric acid
46, and tirturate.

SYRUPUS CALCII ET FERRI LACTOPHOSPHATUM.

*9 3

Preparation . — Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis, B.P. — Contains
Calcii Lactophosphate, orange flower water, and sugar. Dose^
^ to 1 dr.

Actions and uses. — Alterative and stomachic tonic. Given in dys-
pepsia and vomiting, and to pregnant women during gestation.
Chiefly indicated in ricketty and scrofulous conditions in children
a jd in convalescence from long or chronic illness. It is very bene-
ficial in low form of fevers, in croup, general cachexia, & c.

Syrupus Calcii et Ferri Lactophosphatum. — Each drachm of
t| e syrup contains calcii lactophosphate 1 gr. and ferrum lactate
1 gr. Dose — £ to 1 dr.

Calx, B.P. — Calcium oxide.

Vernacular : Eng. — Quicklime , Caustic limey Burnt limt ; Arab. —
Ki7o Ahag ; Beng. — Kali-ka chuna ; Burm. — H'tonphin ; Cing. —
Hunnoo ; Guz. — Kali chunoy Kali chuna ; Hind.- — Kali-ka chuna ;
Malay — Tur; Pers. — Nurch ; Sans. — Sudha Kshara} Churna ; Tam. —
Chunambu.

An alkaline earth, mixed with some impurities. To obtain it, calcine
or burn white marble, oyster shell, limestone or chalk (purest variety
of calcium carbonate), when carbonic acid gas is expelled, leaving
calcium oxide behind, met with in light lumps or grayish white com-
pact masses which readily absorb moisture. On the addition of water
less than half the weight of lime, the latter swells and falls into a
white bulky powder with much heat. It is then known as calcium
hydrate or slaked lime. It is without any odour and of a pungent
sharp (caustic) taste and alkaline reaction. Soluble in water (1 in 750),
less so in boiling water. Insoluble in alcohol. It is not used in-
ternally except in solution. It is a constituent of Potassa cum calc.

Calcii Permanganas — Monol. A deliquescent salt. Used as an
antiseptic for mouth-wash.

Calcii Phosphas, B.P. — Calcium Phosphate, Precipitated Cal-
cium Phosphate.

Dissolve bone ash in dilute hydrochloric acid, add the solution of
ammonia and wash the precipitate, and dry ; or mix together calcium
chloride and sodium phosphate.

A white amorphous powder, without any taste or odour. Insoluble
in water and alcohol. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

An ingredient in pulvis antimonialis, B.P.

25

194

CALCII SALICYLAS.

Calcii Salicylas — Calcium Salicylate. — Neutralize solution of

calcium carbonate with salicylic acid. A white crystalline powder
without any odour and of a sweetish taste, soluble in acidulated water.
Dose — 2 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic and astringent. It is used in the
treatment of catarrhal diarrhoea and in uric acid diathesis if compli-
cated with diarrhoea.

Fossil Encrinite. — Contains mostly silicate of lime.

Habitat. — Peshawar.

Vernacidar. — Arab. — Hojar-ul-ukah ; Bomb. — Sanga Yahuda ; Guz,

■ — Hajar-ul yohndi ; Hind. — Sanga yahuda; Pers. — Sa ng-c-yahuda .

Sang — a stone. The word sang is used as a prefix to designate
mineral earths, stones, mineral fossils, gems, &c. Hajar — a stone — *
any stone ; Ukah — eagle ; Hajral-ul-ukah — eagle-stone. (A stone
found in eagles’ nests, on guilandina tree, &c.)

A petrified fossil stone, radiated, oblong, obtusely pointed, and lily-
shaped, about \ to i J inch long. Surface ribbed longitudinally ; each
rib is tuberculated, colour dirty gray, traversed by dark brown
furrows externally and greenish white within. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.
Erroneously supposed to be a star fish.

Preparation. — Sang-i-yahud bhashma. The stone is several times
soaked in lemon juice and incinerated.

Actions and uses. — Cooling and demulcent. Given in gonorrhoea,
also to check vomiting and in chyloserous urine.

Sang-i-yashin. — Silicate and sulphate of lime. Bomb. ; Hind. ;
Pers. — Sang-e-Isama. Concretions. Occur in marble-like pieces of
the shape of closed books and of various sizes, and a dark-brown
colour. The pieces, when polished, are smooth, their surfaces mottled
with light red spots. When cut, the interior is of a deep gray colour,
and looks as if sprinkled with particles of mica. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Preparation. — Sang-e-yasani bhasm.

Actions and uses. — Cooling and demulcent. Given in retention of
urine and in other diseases of the urinary organs. Externally it
lessens irritation in itch and other chronic skin diseases.

Calcii Sulphas Exsiccatus — Dry sulphate of calcium. Snowy
gypsum.

Habitat.— Madura, Bangalore, Hyderabad, &c.

CALCII SULPHOPHENAS.

195

Vernacular . — Eng. — Dry Gypsum , Plaster of Paris ^ Alabaster , Satin
Spar; Guz. — Gabhan Bhasma ; Mah. — Godante Haratal ; Sindhi. —
Karichiri , Kulnary Karpooray Silasit.

Godante (Go cow and dante teeth). — It means cow’s teeth ; hartala,
from its resemblance in colour to sulphuret of arsenic. This drug
bears a resemblance to cow’s teeth, and in colour and appearance to
hartala. Alabaster . — A variety of gypsum reserved for ornamental
purposes.

These concretions are obtained from coral, cuttle-fish bone, egg-
shell, and oyster-shells. They chiefly contain calcium carbonate,
phosphate and sulphate of calcium and other metallic salts obtain-
ed by heating native sulphate of calcium. Occurs as fine white
powder without taste or odour. Contains 5 per cent, of water.
Exposed to air, it attracts water. When mixed with half its weight
of water, it forms a smooth paste, which rapidly hardens. It is
soluble in water (1 in 410). Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Preparation. — Calx sulphurata.

Actions and uses. — Plaster of Paris is used to retain broken bones
in a fixed position in fracture of the limbs and ribs, in deformities of
knees and ankle joints, and in certain amputations, and in lateral cur-
vatures of the spine. Dentists sometimes use it for taking moulds.
In native practice a paste of gabhana bhasma made with curd is locally
applied to painful and swollen parts. Internally it is used as an
astringent and antacid, in menorrhagia, metrorhagia and acidity of
the stomach.

Calcii Sulphophenas. Prepared by the action of sulpho-

carbolic acid on calcium carbonate. A white powder without any
odour and of astringent bitter taste. Freely soluble in water and
alcohol. Used as aqueous solution (1 in 100).

Actions and uses. — Intestinal antiseptic and astringent. Given in
diarrhoea and cholera.

Sang-i-Sar-i-mahi. — A variety of limestone.

Sang-e-sari mahi from sanga “ a stone, ” sar “a head,” and mahi
a “fish”. This is in allusion to a belief among the natives that
this stone is found in the head of a fish.

Habitat. — Delhi. — A small fossil shell or concretion, resembling
in colour, form and appearance a human incisor tooth. Externally
shining, glabrous and of a brownish white colour, both surfaces
convex, Used as sang-i-sira-mdhi bhasmt

CALX SULPHURATA, B.P.

I96

Actions and uses. — Similar to those of sang-e-isama. Used also as
an aphrodisiac in seminal debility.

Calx Sulphurata, 33. P.- — Sulphurated lime, calcium sulphide.
Canton’s phosphorus. Obtained by heating together native calcium
sulphate and charcoal to redness. Contains 50 per cent, of calcium
mono-sulphide with calcium sulphate and carbon. A grayish white
or yellowish powder of a nauseous alkaline taste and odour of sul-
phuretted hydrogen, alkaline reaction, slightly soluble in water and
alcohol. Dose — £ to 1 gr.

Preparations . — Sulphurous bath. Sulphurated lime, diluted acid
and water.

Pilula Calcis Sulphurata . — Sulphide of calcium pills. Contains
sulphurated lime, milk, sugar and gum (from y1^ to 1 gr. in
each).

Syrupus Sulphatum. — A solution of sulphate of quinine 2§, sulphate
ofbeberine 1 gr., sulphate of iron 2^, potassium sulphate 8 grs.,
sodium sulphate 8 grs., diluted sulphuric acid 5 ms., glycerine 12 ms.,
water 48 ms., syrup 4 drs., and spirit of chloroform 1 m. Dose— 4
to 6 fid. drs.

Lotio Calcii Sulphurati. — Slaked lime 4, sublimed sulphur 4, water
35. Boil, evaporate and filter. Holds in solution calcium penta
sulphide with oxysulphide. A clear yellow liquid. Used as a paint in
the cure of itch.

Sulphurated Lbne. — Depilatory. Contains milk of lime saturated
with sulphuretted hydrogen.

Physiological action * — Sulphide of calcium and sulphur in any form
are useful agents in germ diseases. The sulphides are useful to
check suppurative process in a marked degree. Therapeutic uses. —
Given in boils, carbuncles, acne, suppurating glands in the neck,
scrofulous sores, &c. It has the reputation of hastening maturation
and preventing -the formation of fresh boils, &c. Also used in
diabetes and to lessen the irritability of the skin. It is regarded as
a specific in scrofula and elephantiasis. In influenza, diphtheria and
croup, and in diabetes it is invaluable. In strumous ophthalmia, in
periostitis and alveolar abscesses it is very useful. Syrupus sulpha-
tum is useful in boils.

Remarks. — It possesses properties allied to the sulphurous
springs of Vajrabai (Bombay), Harrogate, Baregas, Gilsland,
&c.

BARIUM.

T97

BARIUM.

Barium, from baros weight, so called owing to the high specific
gravity of heavy spar. Rarely fcfund in nature. Occurs chiefly as
sulphate (heavy spar) and carbonate. The metal is of a silvery gray
colour, rapidly oxidises on exposure to the air, and decomposes
water. Its salts are generally poisonous. Some of the salts are altera-
tive, diuretic and cardiac tonic. Used in scrofula and skin affections.

Barii Chloridum — Barium Chloride. — Dissolve barium carbonate
in dilute hydrochloric acid, evaporate, and crystallize. Translucent,
rhombic tablets or plates, colourless, of a bitter saltish taste. Soluble
in water (i in 3), sparingly so in alcohol. Dose-— TV to £ gr. Pre -
paration. — Liquor barii chloridi (1 to 3).

Actio?is and uses. — Cardiac tonic and alterative. Given in athero-
matous degenerations, syphilis, scrofula, &c. Externally as an eye-
wash. Mostly used in chemical test.

Barium Iodide. — Highly deliquescent, white coloured crystals,
which on exposure to the air decompose and become red. Soluble in
water and alcohol. Dose — to | gr.

Actions and uses. — Alterative. Given in scrofulous affections and
morbid degenerative growths. Used locally as an application to
enlarged lymphatic glands. Applied in eczema mixed with petro-
leum.

Barii Dioxidum.— Barium Dioxide, Barium Peroxide. — Pass
oxygen gas or air over barium oxide or barium hydroxide, heated to
redness. A heavy grayish white or yellow amorphous coarse powder,
without any odour or taste. It slowly absorbs carbonic acid and
oxygen from the air. Used in the preparation of liquor hydrogenii
peroxidi, B.P.

Barii Sulphas, Barium Sulphate. — -A heavy, lamellar, white
or flesh-coloiired native mineral. When heated, it decrepitates and
forms barium sulphide (a white enamel). Insoluble in usual solvents3
Soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. It is artificially prepared from
barium sulphide by precipitating the sulphide solution with sulphuric
acid.

Barium Sulphide. — Amorphous light yellow powder. Soluble in
water. Dose — ^ to 1 gr. Used as pills. Barium sulphide depila-
tory— Contains barium sulphide 1 and starch 3.

198

STRONTIUM,

Actions and uses. — Alterative, diuretic and cardiac tonic. Used in
cutaneous affections, scrofula and syphilis. To the depilatory zinc
oxide is often added.

Strontium. — An alkaline earth. Found in nature as strontianite.
A malleable metal, of a yellow colour, harder than lead. Exposed
to the air, it oxidizes readily and forms salts with metalloid and
metals.

Strontium Arsenite. — Fuse together arsenious acid and stron-
tium carbonate. Dissolve the product in water and crystallize.
A white powder, almost insoluble in water. Dose — to J of a gr.

Actions and uses. — Alterative and tonic. Used in chronic skin
affections, malaria fevers, &c.

Strontii Bromidum — Strontium Bromide. — Dissolve strontium
carbonate in hydrobromic acid to neutralization, evaporate and crys-
tallize. Deliquescent, colourless, transparent, hexagonal crystals,
without any odour, and of bitter saline taste ; soluble in water and
alcohol, insoluble in ether. Dose — io to 30 grs.

Physiological action . — This salt is better borne than potassium
bromide. It prevents acetic and lactic fermentations and the forma-
tion of gases of decomposition. In small doses they are nervine
sedative. They are soon eliminated by the kidneys.

Therapeutic uses. — Given in rheumatism, gout, epilepsy, hysteria,
nervousness, headache, gastric dyspepsia, fermentation, flatulence
and vomiting.

Strontii Carbonas. — Strontium Carbonate.— It is prepared by
double decomposition of the strontium chloride with sodium car-
bonate. Dose — 5 to 30 grs.

Strontii Iodidum. — Strontium Iodide. — To obtain it, dissolve
strontium carbonate in hydro-iodic acid to neutralization, evaporate
and crystallize. Deliquescent, colourless, transparent or yellowish
powder or plates. Without any odour and bitterish saline taste ;
sparingly soluble in alcohol, ether, and freely so in water. It turns
yellow by exposure to air. Dose — 10 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses, — Same as potassium iodide. Alterative and siala-
gogue. Given in enlarged lymphatic glands, ozcena, lupus, scrofula,
asthma, and rheumatism.

Strontii Lactas. — Strontium Lactate. — Dissolve strontium car-
bonate in lactic acid to neutralization, evaporate and crystallize, A white

STRONTII SALICYLAS.

199

granular powder or crystalline nodules, without any odour and
of a slightly bitter saline taste ; soluble in alcohol and water (i in 4).
Dose — 5 to 30 grs. Anthelmintic, diuretic and tonic. Reliable and
harmless. Given in obstinate painful dyspepsia, parenchymatous
nephritis, diabetes, albuminuria of pregnancy, gout, rheumatism,
worms and chorea. Under its use urates disappear from the urine :
should not be given in cases of uraemic poisoning.

Strontii Salicylas — Strontium Salicylate. — Dissolve strontium
carbonate in salicylic acid, evaporate and crystallize. Fine white
crystals, slightly soluble in water (1 in 20), also soluble in alcohol.
Dose — 5 to 30 grs. Antirheumatic, diuretic and tonic. Given in
rheumatism, chronic gout, chorea, lithaemia, intestinal indigestion,
muscular pains and pleurisy. Does not cause gastric disturbance.
As an intestinal antiseptic it is given in foetid stools and is better
borne than salol or naphthalin.

The strontium salts are generally harmless, antiseptic to the
digestive tract, and anti-putrefactive. They improve the appetite?
assist assimilation and nutrition, and increase body weight.

ALUMINIUM.

It is never met with in nature in a free state; found in com-
bination with silicic acid in silicated rocks and forms a great bulk
of our earth as basalt, granite, felspar, mica, slate, shale, & c. ; as
aluminium oxide it exists in sapphire, ruby, emery, corundum, &c.
It is a sonorous and ductile metal of a light steel gray colour.

Alumen-alum, B.P. —

Aluminium and potassium sulphate or aluminium and ammonium
sulphate. Alum is principally found with peroxide of iron in silajit or
in alum earths of Nepaul.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Shabb , Zaje-abyaz ; Beng. — Phitkiri ; Bomb. —
Sambe mani ; Burm. — Khin ; Can. — Pati kara ; Cing. — Sina-karan ;
Duk. — Phatakri ; Guz. — Phatakari ; Hind. — Phitkari ; Madras. —
Paddi carum ; Mar. — Turati, Patikar ; Malay — Taw as, Patik-karum ;
Pers. — Shab-i-yemeni, Zake- baoor ; Sans. — Sphatika, Puttaki ; Tam.—
Shma-karam ; Tel. — Patti-karamee .

Treat clay alum, slate alum, or schist with sulphuric acid. To the
aluminium sulphate thus formed add potassium sulphate to form
double salt (potassium alum) or add ammonium sulphate to form
ammonium alum, or roast slate alum or shale (aluminium silicate)
with iron sulphide, when the sulphur of the iron sulphide is oxidized and
converted into sulphuric acid, leaving aluminium and iron sulphates.

$00

ALUMEN EXSXCCATUM, B.P0

Add water, dissolve out by lixiviation, concentrate the solution, and
mix it with potassium chloride. Potassium chloride acts upon iron
sulphate, decomposing it into potassium sulphate and chloride of
iron, and alum is separated. Alum occurs in large colourless
octohedral crystals or thin pearly plates, without any odour and of an
acid-sweetish astringent taste; soluble in cold water (i in io), boiling
water (3 in 1), and freely soluble in glycerine, and insoluble in alcohol.
Dose — 5 to iogrs. As an emetic 1 dr. for a child. Used as powder,
lotion, injection, spray and gargle.

Alumen Exsiccatlim, B.P. — Exsiccated alum, alumen ustumm—
Dried potassium alum, burnt alum (100 parts of alum yields 54 parts).
Heat potassium alum till aqueous vapour ceases to be given off. A
white powder, soluble in cold water (1 in 20) or in boiling water
(4 in 3) » absorbs moisture on exposure to the air. Used as an
escharotic.

Poudre Astringente de Knaup.— -A compound powder, containing
potash alum 500, ferrous sulphate 500, ammonium chloride 30,
zinc sulphate 30, copper oxide 30. The whole to be mixed, fused
together and powdered when cool, used as a lotion 1 dr. in 20 ozs.
of water. It is a powerful astringent ; used locally as a wash for
foul ulcers and as a gargle in relaxed throat.

Physiological action. — Astringent, caustic, antiseptic, irritant and
purgative. As an astringent it coagulates albumen, contracts muscular
fibres, and constringes the capillaries. When put upon the tongue, it
gives a peculiar styptic sensation ; it increases the flow of saliva at
first, but soon diminishes it. When taken into the stomach, it excites
muscular contractions and causes constipation. Its action on the
mucous surfaces is to arrest secretions. It also checks capillary
haemorrhages. In large doses it is a gastro-intestinal irritant. Used
locally for scrofulous and foetid ulcers, foul discharges, enlarged
tonsils, nasal polypi, &c. As a direct astringent it is used in gastric
and intestinal catarrh and in atonic diarrhoea, bronchorrhoea, colica-
pictonum and dysentery ; its remote effects are felt in passive haemor-
rhages as in menorrhagia, haematuria and colliquative sweats. It
gives tone to the relaxed mucous membranes and hence used in
bronchitis, whooping cough, asthma ; also in diabetes, albuminuria,
lead colic and in poisoning by narcotics. In large doses it acts as a
purgative and in repeated doses as an emetic. As a mild astringent
a powder of alum, camphor and cubebs, each 2 grains, is very useful
in gleet. Dried alum is astringent, stimulant and escharotic, more
powerful than common alum. It is used in fungous granulations,
ulcers, &c. Alum is locally applied in catarrhal ophthalmia, granular

ALUM IN II ACETAS.

201

lids and ecchymosis of the eyes. In native practice its plaster is
frequently used combined with Amba Halad and white of -egg in
recent ecchymosis, contusions, &c. In haemorrhoids, bed sores, and
even in ulcers it is very useful when applied with brandy. Locally it
is used in relaxed uvula ; as a gargle for ulcerated gums and sore
mouth ; as an injection in gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia,
prolapsus of the uterus, rectum and otorrhoea ; as a lotion or drops
for the black eye. Dried alum is used as an insufflation in chronic
nasal catarrh and ozaena. Alum is one of the ingredients in the
preparation of tooth powders.

Aluminii Acetas — Aluminium acetate. — Dissolve alminium sul-
phate in water, and add acetic acid. To this add precipitated calcium
carbonate and water. Evaporate. A gummy mass or granular
powder, insoluble in water. Dose — 5 to iogrs.

Preparations. — Liquor aluminii acetici. Solution of aluminium
acetate. A colourless liquid containing 7 \ to 8 per cent, of sub-
acetate of aluminium. As an antiseptic intestinal astringent, used
in diarrhoea and dysentery. Externally as a dressing in a diluted form
for foul wounds and as a mouth wash.

Aluminii Aceto Tartras (Also!). Fine white crystals, soluble in
water (1 in 1). Used as antiseptic lotion, gargle or douche. 30 to
60 grs. in a pint of water.

Aluminium Boroformate.^- Large, pearly scales of an acid re-
action, slowly soluble in water or dilute alcohol. Taste astringent.
A mild antiseptic and astringent. Used as a dusting powder in
tonsilitis, sore throat, affections of the pharynx and larynx, also
foul sores and ulcers.

Aluminii Chloridum. — Aluminium Chloride. — To obtain it, dissolve
aluminium hydrate in hydrochloric acid, or heat a mixture of aluminia
and finely divided carbon in chlorine gas. Deliquescent white amor-
phous powder, readily soluble in water. Dose — 2 to 4 grs.

Liquor aluminii chloridi. — Obtained by the double decomposition of
aluminium ^ulphate and barium chloride. A pale yellow liquid, of
acid reaction, without any odour, of astringent taste ; sp. gr. 1*250.
3 to 15 minims to 1 ounce of water — forms a spray, gargle or paint.

Antiseptic and local astringent. Used as a spray, gargle or paint
in diphtheria, sore throat and tonsilitis. They are of distinct service
in locomotor ataxia.

Chloralum. — It contains aluminium sulphate and calcium chlori-
de and some ferric chloride in solution, Used as an antiseptic.

26

202

LAPIS DIVINUS.

Lapis Divinus.— Lapis Ophthalmicus— Cuprum alumlnatum.—
Guz. — Ratanajota ; Hind .~—Chandragota. Prepared by fusing together
one part each of nitre, alum and sulphate of copper, to which ^th
part of camphor is added. Sticks of different colours varying from
yellow and white to pink. The stick resembles a leech in shape and
size. Used as a collyrium for the eyes in ophthalmia.

Aluminii Hydras.— Aluminium hydrate, hydrated alumina. — Dis-
solve alum and sodium carbonate equal parts in water, heat, mix and
powder the precipitate. A white amorphous powder, insoluble in
water or alcohol, soluble in alkaline or acid solutions. Dose*— 5 to
10 grs. A feeble astringent and antacid, locally a cooling desiccant
powder, applied to the skin in superficial burns, in intertrigo and
on inflamed skin. Internally given in dyspepsia, diarrhoea, &c.

Aluminii Nitras — Aluminium nitrate. — Act upon aluminium sul-
phate with nitric acid. Used as solution — 4 to 6 grains to 1 ounce
of water. As a parasiticide, useful for pruritus vulvse.

Alumen Oleas — Aluminum Oleate — Oleate of aluminium. — It is
prepared by the action of oleate of sodium on alum. It occurs in
powder. Contains 50 per cent, of alum. It is a powerful styptic
and antiseptic, checks muco-purulent discharges, and is used in
intertrigo round the breasts and the inguinal regions as a dressing
for foul ulcers, burns, scalds and sinuses and as an application in
eczema.

Bandharo — meaning binding, that which checks (literally to bind)
loose or free and watery discharges.

Take of mayun (galls), phataki (alum), surokhara (nitre) and sange-
zirahata (soapstone) equal parts. Mix and mould. Occurs in the
form of round discs of various sizes of a brownish dark colour, hard,
somewhat porous and granular. In smell it resembles dried blood.
The taste is astringent, metallic and alum-like. Dose — 2 to 6 grs.

Actions and uses. — It is a very powerful astringent, and is used
internally in leucorrhcea and in diarrhoea in children. It is also useful
in gonorrhoea, gleet, &c. Largely used in native practice in
menorrhagia and other haemorrhages.

Alumino Potassium Salicylate— A salt prepared synthetically
by mixing together solutions of potassium acetate and aluminium
salicylate. Used as an antiseptic.

Aluminii Sulphas — Aluminium Sulphate. — To obtain it, dissolve
freshly precipitated alumini hydras in diluted sulphuric acid, filter

ALUMINIUM SULPHITE.

203

and evaporate. White crystalline powder, soluble in water (1 in 1*2),
insoluble in alcohol. Aluminii sulphas is an antiseptic, disinfectant
and deodorant ; used in leucorrhcea, chronic dysentery, cancers,
vascular naevi, polypi, foetid discharges, enlarged tonsils, nasal
catarrh and diseases of the os uteri ; rarely used internally, externally
as solution (1 to 20).

Aluminium Sulphite. — Pass the vapour of carbon bisulphide
over alumina at a bright red heat. A glassy melted mass, decom-
posed by water with the evolution of sulphuretted hydrogen. A
white powder, insoluble in water. Dose — 10 to 30 grs. Antiseptic,
non-irritating, non-poisonous ; given internally in foetid stools.
Locally used as a dusting powder.

Aluminium Bisulphite.^- A white powder, soluble in water.
Antiseptic.

CERIUM.

A rare metal, never found free in nature, but as cerite gadolinite
and orthite. The metal is chocolate-brown and burns like magne-
sium.

Cerii Oxalas, B.P. — Cerium Oxalate. — Precipitate a soluble
cerium salt with soluble oxalate of ammonium. It contains some
lanthanum oxalate and didymium oxalate. A white granular powder,
without any odour or taste. Soluble in diluted sulphuric acid and
hydrochloric acid. Insoluble in water, alcohol or ether. Dose — 2 to
10 grs.

Cerii Nitrate and Citrate. — Both are soluble salts.

Physiological action . — Gastric sedative and nervine tonic. It has a
selective action on the mucous membrane of the stomach and used
in vomiting during pregnancy, in pyrosis, phthisical dyspepsia and
other painful affections of the stomach as gastric ulcer. It is used
as a nervine tonic in epilepsy, chorea, palpitation of the heart,
hysteria, asthma and migraine. In laryngeal cough and in chronic
coughs and asthma it is very useful. Cerii nitras and cerii citras are
more effective than cerii oxalas, and as such better borne in nausea
and vomiting of pregnancy. It is also given in dysmenorrhcea,
hysteria in atonic dyspepsia, and in violent morning cough
of early stage of phthisis ; also in chronic bronchitis, whooping
cough, &c.

204

FERRUM.

FERRUM, B.P.— IRON.

This element is rarely met with free in nature, though very widely
distributed in both the organic and the inorganic kingdoms. Found
in nearly all rocks, soils, &c., variously combined with oxygen as
haematite, magnetic iron ore, &c. ; with sulphur as iron pyritis and
as carbonate of iron, in spathic iron, in the ashes of plants and even
the blood of animals.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Iron, Iron 'wire; Arab. — -Hedeed ; Burm.—
Than; Beng. — Loha Loba ; Cing. — Yekada ; Duk. — Loha ; Guz. — •
Lodhwi Lemt ; Hind. — Loha; Latin. — Ferrum ; Malay.— Basi, Besi ;
Mar. — Lokhand ; Pers. — Ahan ; Sans. — Ay as, Hy am, Loham ; Tam. —
Irmbu ; Tel. — Inumu .

A hard, malleable or ductile metal, without any odour, of a slight
styptic taste. Medicinally used in the form of fine bright and non-
elastic annealed iron wire, or wrought iron nails. Metallic iron is
used in the preparation of Vinum Ferri, B.P. (i in 20). Dose — ^
to 2 drs. Vinum Ferri Malas. — Malate of iron wine. To obtain it,
digest iron wire in cider. Dose — 1 oz. Ferri Malas is given with
salicylates for sub-acute rheumatism. Dose — 1 to 3 grs. Extractum
Pomi Ferratum. — Ferrated extract of apples. Iron wire digested in
the juice of apples. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. Tinctura Ferri Pomata. —
( 1 in 10 of the ferrated extract of apples.) Dose — 15 to 30 ms.
Ferratin contains 6 per cent, of iron. Dose— 8 to 10 grs. Ferropyrin
contains 12 per cent, of iron and 64 per cent, of antipyrin. Dose —
3 to 8 grs.

Mistura Ferri Aromatica — Aromatic iron mixture. Contains
iron wire 2, red cinchona bark 4, cloves 1, calumba 2, peppermint
water 50, tinctura cardamomi co. 12, tincture of orange peel (dried) 2.
Dose — 1 to 2 ozs.

Ferrum Redactum, B.P.— Reduced Iron.

Vernacular . — Eng. — Reduced Iron , Iron Rust , Powder of Iron ; Arab.—
Sadid-ul-hadid ; Burm. — Than Khya ; Guz. — Loha Bhashma ; Malay.
— Tai Basi ; Mar. — Karatan Basi ; Tam. — Irm Butapu ; Tel. — Tuphu%

Subject ferric hydroxide contained in gun barrel to a dull red heat
and pass a stream of dry hydrogen gas over it. The natives prepare
it from metallic iron (Loha bhashma ) by the usual process of purifica-
tion and reduction. A fine greysh-black powder, without any odour
or taste. Contains 95 per cent, of metallic iron with a variable
amount of iron oxide. It is insoluble in water or alcohol, soluble in

FERRUM REDACTUM, B.P.

205

hydrochloric acid, exhibiting metallic streaks when rubbed in a
mortar.

Preparation. — Trochiscus ferri redacti, B.P., 1 gr. in each ; and Loha
asava (iron wine). A native iron wine : contains purified iron, loha-
bhashm, trikatu, triphala, javakhar, ajmod, vavading, motha chitrak,
each 1 part, dhauriphul 5 parts. Make powder. Then add molasses
16 parts, honey 16 parts and water 60 parts. Set aside the whole till
alcoholic fermentation takes place. A fine snuff-coloured liquid, of
a styptic taste and ferruginous smell. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Physiological action. — Metallic iron is an active oxidizing agent.
Red corpuscles of the blood contain iron (1 in 230). It is also found
in the bile, chyle, gastric juice, lymph, milk, pigment of the eye and in
the urine. In small doses it acts as a stomachic, as a blood or general
tonic, and assists digestion. In large doses, or if long continued
in small doses, it acts as a gastric irritant, impairs digestion, gives
rise to nausea, and vomiting. As a haemostatic it locally constringes
the tissues and acts as an astringent.

It increases the haemoglobin in the red corpuscles of the blood.
This may be due to its direct conversion into an ingredient of
haemoglobin or to its stimulant action on the haemapoietic organs.

When taken into the stomach, iron is changed into ferrum
chloride by the action of the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice.
In the duodenum it is changed into an alkaline ferrum albuminate
and in the intestines into ferrous sulphide. Through the lymphatics
iron is absorbed into the blood and deposited in the liver, spleen and
bone rparrow as haemoglobin. Iron is contra-indicated in fever,
plethora and internal haemorrhages. It should always be given
after meals and after the bowels are relieved. Iron preparations
are haematinic, slightly astringent and stimulant. As a haematinic
they are given in general debility, to restore the quality of the blood
in anaemia, chlorosis, amenorrhcea and constipation. As a tonic
they are used in chorea, hysteria, neuralgia, seminal weakness, &c.
As an alterative in scrofula, enlargement of the spleen and of other
secreting glajids. In albuminuria, in chronic Bright’s disease, in
certain low states of the system which accompany acute diseases,
as erysipelas, diphtheria, scarlatina, &c., they are largely used.
A portion of the iron taken internally is acted upon by sulphuretted
hydrogen in the intestines and thus gives a black colour to the stools.
Taken for a long time, it also blackens the tongue and teeth. Being
an astringent, it is generally prescribed in conjunction with a
laxative. The oxides and the carbonates are largely used. They
are hsematinics and slightly astringent. Those containing organic

20 6

FERRI ACETAS.

or vegetable acids are less irritating to the stomach and also less astrin-
gent than those containing mineral acids. The vegetable acid salts
are generally the proto or ferrous salts. The mineral acid salts are
more powerful astringents and have a constricting action on the
tissues. As haemostatic, mineral acid salts are used in passive haemor-
rhages, as in haemorrhages from the bowels, uterus, kidney and
bladder ; in haemorrhage caused by curetting for the removal of
retained placenta, in that due to uterine polypus, in menorrhagia,
&c., also from any wound, more especially of a capillary origin as
in extracting a tooth and also in passive discharges as in leucorrhcea
and gleet. As local astringents they are applied to the skin as in
erysipelas, elephantiasis, &c. As local stimulant they are applied to
the mucous membranes of the mouth, in spongy gums, relaxed uvula,
&c., and to diphtheritic membranes.

Ferri Acetas — Iron Acetate. — Add excess of ammonia to the
solution of ferric sulphate. The ferric hydrate is precipitated.
Dissolve the precipitate in glacial acetic acid. Evaporate. Liquor
Ferri Acetatis, B.P. — Solution of ferric acetate. — A liquid of a deep
red colour and of an acetous odour. Sp. gr. i .031. Dose — 5 to 15 ms.
Preparation . — Tinctura Ferri Acetatis, B.P. (1 in 4). Dose — 5 to
30 ms.

Tinctura Ferri Acetici ^rtheria. — Contains acetic ether. Dose
— 5 to 20 ms. Actions and uses. — The tincture is astringent and stimu-
lant. Given with aloes or cascara sagrada in anaemia, chlorosis, &c.

Ferri Albuminas. — Iron albuminate. — In a solution of chloroxide
of iron, dissolve egg albumen. Neutralize with solution of soda :
collect the precipitate. In brown scales or powder, soluble in water
acidulated with hydrochloric acid. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. in solution
or pill. Preparation . — Liquor Ferri Albuminati. Solution of albumin-
ated iron. It contains 4 of iron per 1,000. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.
Liquor Ferro Peptonate. Prepared like Liquor Ferri Albuminati, the
albumen being previously digested with pepsin. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.
Liquor Ferri Peptonaticum Quinina. Contains quinine hydrochloride
\ per cent. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Actions and uses. — Tonic used in anaemia and gastric ulcers : more
readily absorbed into the system than other salts of iron.

Ferri et Amrnonii Citras, B.P. — Iron and ammonium citrate. —
Add ferric sulphate to a solution of ammonia. Heat and dissolve the
precipitate in citric acid and then -add ammonia water. Another

FERRI ET AMMONII SULPHAS.

207

method. — Add to solution of ferric citrate 10, ammonia water 4, and
evaporate. Deliquescent, dark red or brown, thin transparent scales,
without any odour, of a slightly sweetish and astringent taste,
soluble in water (2 in 1), almost insoluble in alcohol. Dose — 5 to
10 grs. Vinum Ferri Citratis, B.P. — Wine of iron citrate. Contains
ferri et ammonii citras 160, orange wine to make one pint. Dose — iito
4 drs. Mistura Ferri Arsenicalis. — Citrate of iron and ammonium
7^ grs., arsenical solution 5 ms., tincture of calumba 24 ms., water
1 ounce. Dose — 4 to 8 drs.

Actions and uses. — A mild h^ematinic and feeble astringent. Readily
borne by the stomach and very useful for children in tabes mesen-
terica, tubercular affections, in anaemia, and enlarged spleen ; and in
adults, in chlorosis and debility after exhausting diseases.

Ferri et Ammonii Sulphas— Ferric ammonium sulphate.

Ammonio ferric alum. Iron alum. Ferro alumen. — Heat together
solutions of ferric sulphate 10 and ammonium sulphate 1, dissolve
and crystallize. Efflorescent, pale violet, octohedral crystals, with-
out any odour, of styptic taste and acid reaction ; soluble in water (1
in 3), insoluble in alcohol. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. Used as a gargle,
8 grs. to 1 ounce.

Actions and uses . — Styptic, given in haematuria. As an astringent

styptic gargle in bleeding from the gums, as an injection in leu-
corrhoea and chronic fluxes or diarrhoea. Chiefly used to arrest
haemorrhages from the kidneys ; as a spray in congested throat.

Ferri et Ammonii Tartras — Ammonio Ferric Tartrate — Iron
and Ammonium Tartrate. Add solution of ferric sulphate to
ammonia water ; to the precipitate add solution of tartaric acid and
evaporate. Highly deliquescent, thin transparent reddish-brown
scales, without any odour, but of a sweetish ferruginous taste.
Soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Contains about 25 per cent,
of ferric oxide or 17 per cent, of iron. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Mild haematinic. Slightly irritant. Used in
anaemia and chlorosis.

Ferri Arsenas, B.P. — Iron Arsenate. Arseniate of Iron. — It con-
tains ferrous arsenate with ferric arsenate and some iron oxide. Boil
together a mixed solution of ferrous sulphate, sodium arsenate and
sodium bicarbonate, and wash the precipitate. An amorphous pow-
der, greenish in colour and without any taste ; insoluble in water,
soluble in hydrochloric acid. Dose— xV to \ of a grain. Prepara-
tion.— Pilula ferri arsenicalis. Arsenious anhydride ^ of a grain and

208

FERRI BENZOAS.

exsiccated sulphate of iron 3 grains. Make pill. Dose — One pill.
Unguentum ferri arsenicalis (1 in 25).

Actions and uses. — Alterative and nervine tonic : given in chronic
skin diseases, herpetic and squamous eruptions, also in elephantiasis,
leprosy, and lupus ; chiefly given in night sweats.

Ferri Benzoas. — Add benzoic acid to a solution of ferrous car-
bonate. Evaporate. Dose — 10 to 15 grs.

Actions and uses. — Tonic and alterative. Given in scrofula,
generally with cod-liver oil.

Ferri Bromidum. — Ferrous bromide. — Prepared by a direct com-
bination of bromine with metallic iron in the presence of water and
evaporation of the solution till it solidifies. Greyish-white, deli-
quescent masses ; on exposure to air becoming oxidized and brown
or yellow owing to its conversion into oxybromide. Dose — 3 to
10 grs.

Preparation. — Syrupus Ferri Bromidi, Each drachm contains
4J grs. of ferrous bromide. Dose — to 1 dr. Syrupus Ferri et
Strychninae Hydrobromatum — Syrup Ferri Bromidi cum Strychnina.
Contains 4^ grs. of ferrous bromide, and strychnine gr. in each
drachm. Dose — \ to 1 dr. Syrup Ferri Quininae et Strychninae

Hydrobromatum — Syrupus Ferri Bromidi cum Quinina et Strych-
nina. Contains same quantity as above with 1 gr. of quinine
hydrobromate in each drachm of the syrup. Dose — \ to 1 dr.
Syrupus Ferri et Quininae Hydrobromatum — Syrupus Ferri Bro-
midi cum Quinina. Dose — J to 1 dr. Glyceritum Ferri Bromidi. —
Contains 5 grs. of ferri bromidum in each drachm. The glycerine
preserves the ferrous salts from oxidation. It does not derange the
stomach and hence useful for children. Dose — \ to 1 dr.

Actions and uses. — Tonic and sedative combined, also alterative and
resolvent. Given in scrofula, anaemia, chlorosis with wakefulness ;
also in enlargements of the uterus or ovaries, and in bronchocele,
chorea, hysteria and epilepsy.

Ferri Subcarbonas. — Subcarbonate of Iron. Guz. — Pakhana bhed ,
Dagadi\ Mah. — Pakhana bhed ; Sans. — Pashana bhed.

Spathose iron ore or iron spar contains subcarbonate of iron with
magnesium and lime. Mix iron sulphate with sodium carbonate,
wash and dry. Efflorescent, small, amorphous, heavy, irregular
masses of a light or greyish-brown colour sprinkled with white, very
brittle : soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. The smell is like that of
clay and taste chalybeate.

FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATA.

209

Preparation. — Pakhan bheda-churana — compound powder. Con"
tains iron spar — P&khana bheda, silajita (liquid amber orientalist,
pipali and patola, equal parts. Mix and make a powder. Dose — 5
to 10 grs. P&khana bheda kuv&tha (compound decoction). It
contains iron spar — pakhana bheda, nishota, harade, dhamaso, pokara
mula, gokharu, palasa papado, singoran, kdkadi bija, each one part.
Add water and boil to make 40 parts. Dose — 2 to 6 drs.

Actions and uses. — Haematinic, and feebly astringent ; given in
anaemia, chlorosis, neuralgia and chorea. It has a specific diuretic
action in urinary diseases, in scalding and scanty urine. It is also
recommended in gonorrhoea.

Ferri Carbonas Saccharata, B.P. — Saccharated Iron Carbonate,
Saccharated Ferrous Carbonate. — Add to a hot solution of ferrous
sulphate, carbonate of ammonium. Remove the filtrate, and rub
the precipitate with sugar. It is a mixture of ferrous oxy carbonate,
more or less oxidised, the carbonate being about one-third of the
mixture. Greyish-brown powder or small lumps ; of a sweet chaly-
beate taste and without any odour. Partially soluble in water
entirely so in warm hydrochloric acid and water, with the evolution
of carbonic acid. Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Preparation. — Mistura ferri composita, B. P. (Griffith’s mixture.)
Compound iron mixture. — Contains ferrous carbonate with sugar,
myrrha, spirit of nutmeg and rose water. Dose — % to 1 oz. Pilula
Ferri, Blaud’s pills, B.P. (1 in 5). Massa ferri carbonatis — mass
of ferrous carbonate. Ferrous sulphate 100, sodium carbonate 100,
honey 38 and sugar 25. Contains 42 per cent, of ferrous carbonate.
Dose — 3 to 5 grs. Trochisci Ferri Carbonatis Saccharatae. 3 grs.
each.

Actions and uses. — Stimulant to the digestive tract, feebly
astringent, and haematinic. Griffith’s mixture is largely used in ame-
norrhcea, hysteria, anaemia, chlorosis, and as a tonic in chronic
catarrh for delicate children and females ; also in debility of digestive
organs, phthisis, &c.

Ferri Caseinatum. — A pale yellow powder without any odour or
taste. Insoluble in water. Soluble in dilute ammonia water. Con-
tains about 5 per cent, of iron.

Ferri Perchloridum— Ferric Chloride. Perchloride of Iron. —
Dissolve iron wire in hydrochloric acid and then add nitric acid to
peroxidize it from ferrous to ferric salt, evaporate and crystallise.
27

210

FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATA.

Orange yellow crystalline masses. Freely soluble in water, alcohol
and ether. Dose — i to 4 grs.

Preparations. — Liquor Ferri Perchloridi Fortis, B.P.— Strong solu-
tion of perchloride of iron. Aqueous solution of ferric chloride.
An orange-brown solution of a faint hydrochloric acid odour, acid
reaction and freely soluble in water, alcohol and ether. It con-
tains 22 2" grs. of iron in* no ms. Sp. gr. 1*42. Dose 1 to

4 ms. Liquor Ferri Perchloridi, B.P.— (1 of the strong solution of
ferric chloride in 4). A reddish-brown aqueous solution of a faint
hydrochloric acid odour and acid styptic taste. Dose — 5 to 15 ms.
well diluted. Mistura Ferri Perchloridi.— Solution of perchloride of
iron 15 ms., spirit of chloroform 9 ms., glycerine 9 ms. and water 1
ounce. Mistura ferri salina contains citrate of potassium 22 grs.,
solution of perchloride of iron 24 ms., spirit of chloroform 9 ms.
and water 1 ounce. Tinctura Ferri Perchloridi, B.P. — Steel drops —
Tincture of steel — Tincture of ferric chloride. To obtain it, add
alcohol (3) to strong solution of ferric chloride (1). Bright brown
liquid. Odour slight, taste astringent, styptic ; acid reaction. Dose
— 5 to 15 ms. Mistura Ferri Amara. — Solution of perchloride of iron
30 ms., spirit of chloroform 5 ms. and infusion of quassia 1 ounce.

Mistura or Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. — Basham’s mix-
ture.— Tincture of steel 2, diluted acetic acid 3, liquor ammonii
acetatis 20, aromatic elixir 10, glycerine 12, water 100. Dose — 1
to 4 drs. Liquor Ferri Chloroxidi. — Strong solution of ferric chloride
4, water 40 : add solution of ammonia 28. Wash the precipitate,
dissolve with gentle heat in strong solution of ferric chloride 1, and
water 20. Dose — 10 to 30 ms.

Ferri et Quininae Chloridum. — Iron and Quinine Chloride. — Dis-
solve ferric chloride and quinine in water in molecular proportions.
Reddish-brown scales. Taste bitter. The solution is haemostatic,
non-caustic ; used in epistaxis. Internally given in 1 gr. doses in
uterine and pulmonary haemorrhages.

All these preparations are incompatible with infusions containing
tannin, alkalies, alkaline carbonates and mucilage.

Other preparations are: — Injectio ferri perchloridi — 60 grains of
ferric chloride in 1 ounce, Spray — nebula ferri perchloridi — 3 grains
in 1 ounce, Pigmentum ferri perchloridi forte — 120 grains in 1 ounce,
Pigmentum ferri perchloridi dilutum — 60 grains in I ounce, Glyce-
ritum ferri perchloridi (1 in 4) — used as a paint. Pigment for diph-
theria ; ferric chloridi solution 4, menthol 10, toluol 36, alcohol
100. Gossypium et Linteum Ferri Perchloridi or styptic wool and
lint, each containing 15 per cent, of the perchloride.

FERRI CITRAS.

21 1

Physiological action. — Strong solution of ferric chloride. — As a styptic
it arrests haemorrhages depending upon the rupture of small arterioles
and capillaries. It contracts the part to which it is applied. It coagu-
lates the blood and hence the solution can be used as intravenous
injection. Therapeutics. — As a haemostatic, astringent, and styptic it is
used in surgery, dentistry and midwifery. In haemoptysis and epis-
taxis it is used as inhalation from an atomizer. The solution is used
as an injection into the vessels as in varicocele and other vascular
tumours as haemorrhoids ; or applied to the cavity of the uterus in
post-partem haemorrhage ; externally as a lotion with glycerine ; it is
also used as an injection (i in ioo) in leucorrhcea and into the rectum
in cases of thread worms. Also applied to swollen parts in erysipelas,
elephantiasis, and in chronic skin diseases as eczema, psoriasis and
lichen. Tinctura ferri perchloridi is an astringent, tonic, diuretic and
haematinic. In catarrhal and inflammatory conditions of the stomach
and intestines its use should be interdicted. It is given internally with
benefit in atonic diseases as scrofula, chlorosis, diabetes, chronic
bronchitis and colliquative sweats ; in low states of the system, septic
affections, as erysipelas and elephantiasis ; also pyemia, albuminuria,
chronic Bright’s disease and rheumatism ; in chronic nervous troubles
as in chorea, epilepsy, insanity, hysteria and neuralgia ; also in en-
larged spleen, in fatty heart with palpitation, and in chronic stom-
atitis. Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis is tonic and astringent and
given in scrofulous and anaemic condition chlorosis and amenorrhcea
and in affections of the urinary organs as spermatorrhoea, gleet, &c.
Ferri et Quiniae Chloridum is haemostatic and non-caustic, used
in epistaxis and in uterine and pulmonary haemorrhages.

Ferri Citras — Ferric citrate, citrate of iron. — Mix together solu-
tion of ferric sulphate io, ammonia water 8 and citric acid 3, and
evaporate. Thin red scales, without any odour and slight ferruginous
taste, soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. When heated, it changes
into ferric oxide. Dose — 5 to 15 grs. Used in the preparation of
liquor ferri citratis. A dark-brown aqueous solution, without any
odour, ferruginous taste, acid reaction, contains 7*5 of iron. Dose —
5 to 15 ms. A mild tonic, given*in anmmia, chlorosis, &c.

Ferrum Dialysatum — Dialysed iron. — To the solution of ferric
oxychloride add ammonia water. Dissolve the precipitate of ferric
hydrate in strong solution of ferric chloride, agitate with water and
evaporate. Contains ferric oxychloride (1 in 10).

Liquor Ferri Dialysatus — Solution of dialised iron. — It is a
solution of basic ferric oxychloride from which most of the acidulous

212

FERRI FLUOR IDUM.

matter is removed by dialysis. A dark reddish-brown liquid, of a
mild ferruginous, non-astringent taste. Dose — io to 30 ms. Glyce-
rinum ferri dialysati 1 of the solution in 3. Dose — 30 to 90 grs.

Actions and uses. — It can be borne by the weakest patient and the
most irritable stomach. An extremely valuable haematinic without
astringency, useful in ulceration of the mucous membranes of the
alimentary canal and of the mouth. It should be used undiluted, or
the drops mixed with glycerine. As an antidote to arsenic it should
be given in 1 ounce doses.

Ferri Fluoridum — Ferrous Fluoride. — A purplish powder. In-
soluble in water and other solvents; used as solution (1 in 120)
Dose — to ^ gr. Solution 5 to 20 ms. Used as an haematinic and
to diminish enlarged spleen.

Ferri Glycero Phosphas — Ferri Glycero phosphate. — Yellowish
scales. Soluble in water and in diluted alcohol. Dose — 1 to 5
grs. Preparation. — Vinum ferri glycero phosphatis (1 in 100).

As a nervine tonic, given in neurasthenia and convalescence from
influenza.

Ferri Hypophosphis — Ferrous hypophosphite. Hypophosphite
of iron. — Add solution of ferric chloride to the solution of sodium
hypophosphite. Dry the resulting precipitate. When pure, in green
crystals. It rapidly oxidises and becomes an amorphous whitish
powder without odour and without any taste. Soluble in water (1 in
8), freely so in hydrochloric acid and in solution of sodium citrate.
Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Preparation. — Liquor ferri hypophosphitis fortis (5 grs. in each
drachm). Dose — 10 to 30 ms. Made with ferrous sulphate 76 grs.,
barium hypophosphite 83 grs., diluted sulphuric acid 10 ms., water
2 ozs. Liquor Ferri Hypophosphitis Compositus — Liquor Hypo-
phosphitum Compositus (as good as chemical food). — Calcium
hypophosphite 320 grs., sodium hypophosphite 320 grs., magnesium
hypophosphite 160 grs., strong solution of iron hypophosphite
6 fid. ozs., hypophosphorus acid (30 per cent.) ^ ounce, distilled
water to 20 ozs. Dose — \ to 2 drs. Each drachm contains 2 grs.
of sodium and calcium hypophosphites, 1 gr. magnesium hypophos-
phite and gr. ferrous hypophosphite. Syrupus Ferri Hypophos-

phitis (1 of the strong solution in 5). Dose — £ to 1 dr. Pilula
Ferri Hypophosphitis cum Strychnina. — Strychnine gr., ferrous
hypophosphite 2 grs. One pill. Dose — 2 grs.

FERRI IODIDUM SACCHARATUM.

213

Actions a?id uses. — Haematinic. Used for the combined effects of
iron and phosphorus in anaemia, chlorosis, scrofula, general and
seminal weakness, rickets, &c.

Ferri Iodidurn Saccharatum — Saccharated Ferrous Iodide.
Mix iron wire 6, iodine 17, water 40. To the filtrate add sugar of
milk 40, evaporate, then add reduced iron 1. Another method. —
Evaporate syrupus ferri iodidi. A yellowish-white hygroscopic
powder, without any odour, and of a sweet ferruginous taste, slightly
acid in reaction ; soluble in water 1 in 7, sparingly soluble in alcohol.
Contains 20 per cent, of ferrous iodide. Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Ferri Iodidurn — Ferrous Iodide, Iodide of iron. Heat together
iron wire, iodine and water. It contains 18 per cent, of water of crys-
tallization and a little of oxide of iron. Deliquescent crystals, of a
green or brown colour, without any odour, soluble in water.
Dose — 1 to 5 grs.

Preparation. — Pilula Ferri Iodidi — Pill of ferrous iodide (1 of iodide
of iron in 3^ grs.) — Blanchard’s pill. — Fine iron wire 40 grs., iodine
80 grs., sugar powdered 70 grs., liquorice powder 140 grs., distilled
water 50 ms. Mix and cover with a coating of balsam of tolu in
ether. Dose — 3 to 8 grs. Glyceritum Ferri Iodidi — Contains ferrous
iodide 1 in 10, in glycerine as a basis. Dose — % to 1 dr. Syrupus
Ferri Iodidi, B.P. — Syrup of ferrous iodide. Heat together fine iron
wire and iodine in distilled water and add syrup to the hot liquid. A
colourless syrupy liquid of a ferruginous taste and without any odour.
Sp. gr. 1*387. 11 minims contain 1 gr. of ferrous iodide. Dose — \

to 1 fid. dr.

Actions and uses.' — Alterative, tonic, diuretic and emmenagogue.
Given in scrofulous and tubercular affections, as phthisis, tuberculosis,
leucorrhoea and chronic rheumatism ; also in amenorrhoea, dysme-
norrhcea, chlorosis and diabetes.

Ferri Lactas. — Ferrous Lactate. — Obtained by the action of lactic
acid on iron filings in water or by the double decomposition of
ferrous sulphate and calcium lactate. Pale, greenish-white, needle-
shaped crystals of a peculiar odour and mild sweetish taste. Slightly
soluble in water (in 40) ; insoluble in alcohol ; freely soluble in a
solution of citrate of sodium forming a green solution. Dose —
2 to 10 grs. in pills. Syrupus ferri lactatis (1 in 12), Dose — ^ to 1
dr. as a general tonic easily assimilated ; given in anaemia, chlo-
rosis, &c.

214

FERRI ET MANGANESII CITRAS.

Ferri et Manganesii Citras. — Reddish-brown scales, soluble in
water. Dose 3 to 15 grs.; used as hypodermic injection. Given in
chlorosis.

Ferri et Magnesii Sulphas. — Double salt containing sulphate
of iron and sulphate of magnesium. Small granular crystals, colour
pale-green, taste chalybeate ; soluble in water (3 in 4). Dose — 2
to 10 grs. Used in the preparation of effervescent ferro magne-
sian sulphate (5 grs. in 1 dr.). It is neither astringent nor aperient ;
given in chlorosis and anaemia.

Ferri Oleas — Ferrous Oleate — Oleatum Ferri. — A waxy solid.
Colour pale-green. On exposure to air, it oxidises, and a dark-red film
forms on the surface. As an astringent and tonic, given with cod-
liver oil in tubercular diseases, scrofula, &c. Externally it is applied
as a local astringent.

Ferri Oxalas — Ferrous Oxalate. — Add to a solution of ferrous
sulphate, solution of oxalic acid, and dry the precipitate. A pale-
yellow crystalline powder, sparingly soluble in water, without any
odour, soluble in hydrochloric acid or hot diluted sulphuric acid.
Dose — 2 to 3 grs. Used as an haematinic.

Ferri Peroxidum Hydratum — Ferri Sesquioxidum — Ferri

Oxidum Rubrum — Hydrous Peroxide of Iron — Ferric Oxyhydrate.
Also called Rouge, Crocus of Mars. Rouge is used by jewellers for
brightening gold. Mix together solution of ferric sulphate, ammonia
water, and water, and dry the moist peroxide. A reddish-brown
powder without any taste. It is not magnetic. Dissolves com-
pletely with the aid of heat in diluted hydrochloric acid. Used as
Emplastrum Ferri, chalybeate or strengthening plaster contains
ferric hydrate dried 1, Burgundy pitch 2, and lead plaster-8 (1 in 11).
It is also called Emplastrum Thuris or Emplastrum Roborans.
Trochisci Ferri — Troches of iron. Ferric hydrate 30, vanilla 1,
sugar 100, tragacanth q.s. Make 100 troches. Each contains
4^ grs. of ferric hydrate.

Actiotis and uses. — -Tonic, emmenagogue, and anthelmintic. Given
in anaemia, chlorosis, general debility, amenorrhoea, neuralgia, spas-
modic diseases as asthma, laryngismus stridulus, &c. The plaster is
used as local stimulant in rheumatism, enlarged glands, & c.

Ferri Oxidum Magneticum — Ferri Oxidum Nigrum — Magnetic

oxide of iron.

FERRI OXYPERSULPHAS.

215

Vernacular — Arab. — Miknatis, Mignatis , Hazr-ul Mignatis ; Duk. —
Chamak-pathar ; Hind. — Chamak-ka-pathar , Chakamak ; Pers. — Sang -
e-rhun Ruba , Sang • e-chamak.

Precipitate a solution of sulphate and persulphate of iron with
solution of soda and boil. A dark grayish-black or brown powder,
strongly magnetic, without odour and taste, soluble in dilute hydro-
chloric acid. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Used in the preparation of ferrum oxidum saccharatum. Iron
saccharated (red or brown powder). It is soluble in water. Dose —
6 to 20 grs. Contains 2*8 per cent, of iron.

Actions and uses. — Non-astringent, haematinic ; useful in neuralgia,
chlorosis and anaemia.

Ferri Oxypersulphas— Ferri Subsulphas — Basic ferric sul-
phate. Syn. — Monsel’s salt. — Boil sulphate of iron with sulphuric
acid and nitric acid. Evaporate. Dark-brown scales ; nearly odour-
less and of an acid styptic taste and acid reaction ; soluble in water
and alcohol. Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis. — A syrupy fluid. Contains
43.7 of the salt. Dose — 3 to 6 ms.

Actions and uses. — Locally haemostatic, slightly irritating, more
astringent than liquor ferri persulphatis. It coagulates the blood
and hence used in all active bleeding from cuts and wounds and
in chancres. Internally in a diluted form it is sued in haemorrhages
from the stomach, bowels and lungs; also in diarrhoea. In obstinate
epistaxis its solution (1 in 60) is useful in the form of a spray.

Mandur. — Mostly composed of Ferri Peroxidum Rubrum.

Vernacular, — Arab. — Khabsul Hadid , Jafferaunt Hadid> Langarul
Hadid ; Beng. — Lohar guy Lohan Zanghar ; Burm. — Sanpia, Tambia ,
Sankhi , Tankhi ; Can. — Khabbarnadda Kitta ; Cing. Yakada Rittam
Mallakada ; Duk. — Lohaka Zang Lohaka gu} Mundur ; Eng. — Iron
rust , Impure peroxide of iron; Guz. — Lokhandun Zang ; Hind. —
Lohaka Zang , Lohaka gu Mundur ; Mah . — Lokhandacha Kotai ; M alyal. —
Irambak Kitane ; Pers. — Zang-e-ahun Chirk-e-ahun , Rime-ahun Zan -
gar-e-ahun ; 4 Sans-’ — Mundur am ; Tam. — Ayach, Chanduram , Irumboo
Chittum ; Tel. — Innapa Chittunu Ayia Shinduramn.

Rustlike red powder, insoluble in water, without any odour and
of a ferruginous taste.

Preparation. — Mandur Bhasmd is prepared from iron rust in the
same way as Loha Bhashm , substituting iron rust for steel dust. It is
composed mostly of red oxide of iron. Dose — 2 to 6 grs. Mandur
Asva. — Same as Loha Asva, substituting iron rust for steel uust.

2l6

FERRI PEROXIDUM HUMIDUM.

Madur Vataka (Iron rust pills). — Add iron rust 12 to a mixture of
haradan 1, behedan 1, amla chatura shana 1, piplimula 1, chitro 1,
devadaru 1, suvarna makshik bhasm 1, taj 1, daruhalad 1, nagar moth
1 , vava dinga 1. Add honey to make a mass. Dose — 3 to 6 grs.

Actions and uses. — Haematinic ; largely used in jaundice, gleet, dys-
pepsia and in anaemic state of the system.

Ferri Peroxidum Humidum. — Moist Peroxide of Iron, con-
taining 86 per cent, of uncombined water in hydrated peroxide of
iron. A soft pasty mass of a reddish-brown colour, soluble in dilute
hydrochloric acid. Dose — A table spoonful. Employed as an anti-
dote in cases of arsenical poisoning. Should be prepared fresh
before use.

Ferri Oxidum Hydratum cum Magnesia. — Prepared by the
interaction of solution of ferric sulphate 50 and magnesia 10
in water. Dose — 1 oz. Used as an antidote in arsenical poison-
ing.

Ferri Peptonas. — Peptonated iron. — Dissolve egg albumen with
pepsin and hydrochloric acid, neutralize with solution of soda,
then add solution of chloroxide of iron and again neutralize with soda
solution. Let the precipitate subside. Dissolve the precipitate with
hydrochloric acid. To the solution add compound tincture of cinna-
mon, evaporate and dry. In fine scales, soluble in water. Dose—
2 to 6 grs.

Preparations. — Liquor Ferri Peptonati. Dose — 1 to 4 drs. Liquor
Ferri Peptonati cum Quinina contains | per cent, of quinine hydro-
chloride. Dose — 1 to 4 drs. Liquor Ferro Manganesii Peptonati. — ■
Solution of peptonated iron and manganese. It contains 1 per 1,000
of manganese. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Liquor Ferri Pernitratis, B.P. — Solution of Pernitrate of Iron,
Solution of Ferric Nitrate. Liquor Ferri Nitratis. Dissolve iron
wire in nitric acid and add water to give the solution the sp. gr. of
i’io7. Another method. — Mix solution of ferric sulphate with am-
monia water, wash the precipitate and dissolve it in nitric acid.
A clear solution of a reddish-brown or amber colour, of an astringent
taste and without odour ; contains 3*3 per cent, of iron. Dose — 5 to
15 minims. Injection — 10 to 20 minims in an ounce of water.
Used as solution or injection. As a powerful astringent, haematinic,
highly recommended in menorrhagia, diarrhoea and other passive dis-
charges.

FERRI PHOSPHAS.

217

Ferri Phosphas, B.P. — Iron Phosphate. — Add solution of ferrous
sulphate, sodium phosphate and sodium bicarbonate together- and
evaporate. It contains 47 per cent, of hydrous ferrous phosphate,
with ferric phosphate and some oxide. A slaty blue-coloured amor-
phous powder, insoluble in water, soluble in hydrochloric acid.
Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Preparation. — Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis, B.P. — Granulated sul-
phate of iron 224 grs., phosphate of soda 200 grs., bicarbonate of
soda 56 grs., concentrated phosphoric acid fld. ozs., sugar 8 ozs.,
distilled water 8 fld. ozs. The whole to measure 12 ozs. One drachm
contains 1 gr. of anhydrous ferrous phosphate. Dose — \ to 1 fld. dr.
Syrupus Ferri et Manganesii Phosphatum. Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis
cum Manganesio. Contains grain of phosphate of iron and
manganese in each fluid drachm. Dose — 1 dr. Syrupus Ferri Phos-
phatis Compositus — Similar to Parrish’s Syrup or chemical food. (1
fld. dr. contains grain of phosphate of iron, f grain of phosphate of
calcium with some phosphates of potassium and sodium.) Dose —
i to 2 drs. Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis cum quinina et strychnina,
B.P. — Similar to Easton’s Syrup. One drachm contains 1 gr. anhy-
drous ferrous phosphate, | gr. of quinine sulph., grain strychnine.
Dose i to 1 dr. Pilula Ferri Quininse et Strychnina Phosphatum
— Easton’s Syrup pill. — Each equal to 1 dr. of Easton’s Syrup. Con-
tains ferrous phosphate 16 grs., quinine 12 grs., strychnine y gr.,
sugar 8 grs., concentrated phosphoric acid 20 ms. for 16 pills. Pilula
Trium Phosphatum, of the composition of Easton’s Syrup pills with
liquorice powder instead of sugar. Elixir Ferri Phosphatis cum
Quinina et Strychnina. — The same as the syrupus ferri phosphatis
cum quinina et strychnina, using simple elixir in place of syrup as a
vehicle.

Actions and uses.— Haematinic with very little astringency. Used
for the combined eflfects of phosphorus and iron in rickets, scrofula,
nervous debility, dyspepsia, and with advantage in cases of
amenorrhcea ; also useful in diabetes, as it diminishes voracious
appetite and invigorates and increases the power of digestion.
Easton’s Syrtjp is a non-constipating, nervine and chalybeate tonic,
given in scrofula, amenorrhcea, chlorosis, and nervous rheumatism.

Ferri Picras.— Used in the form of pills. Dose— 1 gr. Used
as a hepatic stimulant and cholagogue.

Ferri Pyrophosphas Solubilis — Ferric Pyrophosphate — Ferri
Pyrophosphas ; soluble ferric pyrophosphate. Pyrophosphate of iron
with sodium citrate. — Obtained by the interaction of ferric citrate
28

218

FERRI ET QUININ.E CHLORIDUM.

50 and sodium pyrophosphate 50, dissolve and evaporate. Green,
transparent, thin scales. On exposure to air, they turn black,
without any odour and of acid saline taste. Freely soluble in water.
Insoluble in spirits. Dose— 2 to 8 grs. Used as a good chalybeate.

Ferri et Quininae Chloridurn — Iron and quinine chloride. — To
prepare it, dissolve one molecule of quinine in one of ferric chloride
in water. — Reddish-brown scales, hygroscopic and of a bitter styptic
taste. Dose — 1 to 2 grs. The solution is used as a haemostatic,

locally in epistaxis, and internally in uterine and pulmonary haemor-
rhages.

Ferri et Quininae Citras, B.P. — Syn. — Iron and quinine citrate.
— Mix together solution of ferric sulphate with solution of ammonia,
then add quinine sulphate, dilute sulphuric acid, and citric acid.
Greenish or golden yellow thin scales, without odour and of a bitter
ferruginous taste, soluble in cold water (2 in 1), sparingly so in
alcohol. Dose — 5 to 10 grs. Used as syrupus ferri et quininae citratis.
Contains 5 grs. to 1 dr. Ferri et Quininae Citras Effervescens. — Gra-
nular effervescent citrate of iron and quinine, 3 grs. of salt in one
drachm. Dose— 60 grs. Ferri Quininae et Strychninae Citras. —
Contains 1 per cent, of strychnine. Dose — 3 to 10. grs.

Ferri et Quininae Citras Solubilis — Soluble iron and quinine citrate.
— Dissolve ferric citrate 30 in boiling water, add quinine 4, citric acid
1, stir until dissolved, evaporate and dry. Highly deliquescent, thin,
transparent greenish scales, without any odour and of bitter ferrugin-
ous taste. Soluble in water, sparingly so in alcohol. Dose — 3 to
5 grs. Vinum Ferri Amarum. Bitter wine of iron. It contains
soluble iron and quinine citrate 5, tincture of orange peel 15, syrup
30, wine 100. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Actions and uses. — General tonic, antiperiodic and hsematinic, com-
bines the property of iron and quinine ; only slightly astringent.
Given in enlargement of spleen and malaria in anaemic subjects.

Ferri Salicylas. — A purplish-brown powder, slightly soluble in
water. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. Used as astringent, tonic, antiseptic
and antiarthritic ; given in chronic intestinal catarrh, also in weak
joints, and for tonsillitis. Locally, as an antiseptic application to foul
and bleeding wounds.

Ferri et Strychninae Citras — Iron and strychnine citrate. — Dis-
solve ferri ammonii citrate 100 in water, add strychnine 1, citric acid
1. Mix, evaporate. Deliquescent, thin transparent garnetlike scales,

FERRI SUCCINAS.

2ig

without any odour, of a bitter ferruginous taste ; soluble in water,
sparingly so in alcohol. Contains strychnine 1 per cent. Dose — 3
to 6 grs.

Ferrii Succinas — Succinate of iron. — An amorphous red-brown
powder, slightly soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol, easily
soluble in acids. Dose — 1 to 5 grs. Used as tonic, alterative.
As a solvent, with chloroform, it is given in the treatment of
gallstones and in jaundice.

Ferri Sulphas, B.p. — Ferrous Sulphate — Ferrum Vitriolatum —
Sal Martis (Lat.) — Sulphate of Iron — Sulphate of the Protoxide of
Iron. Green vitriol — Copperas.

Vernacular : — Arab. — Laje-Asfar ; Beng. — Hirakosis , Bala Dokta ;
Duk. — Hira Kashish ; Guz. — Hira Kasis ; Hind. — Hara Tutia ; Eng. —
Green Vitriol or Green Copperas; Malay. — Tarusi; Pers — Zunkur -
madni , Tutiya-sabz ; Sans. — Kashisha ; Tam. — Aunabedi ; Tel. —
Auna Chedi.

Iron wires dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid by the aid of heat.
Another method. — Decompose iron pyritis by the action of atmos-
pheric air. Large, pale bluish-green rhombic prisms ; taste very
astringent or styptic and without any odour, acid reaction,
soluble in water (1 in i*8), insoluble in alcohol. Dose — 1 to
5 grs.

Preparations. — Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus, B.P. — Exsiccated Ferrous
Sulphate — Dried sulphate of iron. A purer form of sulphate of iron.
To obtain it, heat ferrous sulphate on water bath. A grayish-white
powder, soluble in water. Dose — | to 3 grs. Ferri Sulphas Granu-
latus. To the boiling solution of ferrous sulphate 100, add dilute
sulphuric acid 5 and alcohol 25 ; evaporate and crystallize. Pale
bluish-green powder. Dose — 1 to 5 grs.

Mistura Ferri Aperiens. — Contains sulphate of iron 4 grs., sul-
phate of njagnesia 1 dr., dilute sulphuric acid 9 ms., peppermint-
water 1 ounce. Pilula Aloes et Ferri, B.P. Dose — 4 to 8 grs.
Mistura Ferri Composita, B.P. Dose — -J to 1 oz. Pilula Ferri
Sulphatis. Dose — 3 to 5 grs. Pilula Ferri Arsenicalis. Contains

arsenious anhydride gr. -g*g-, exsiccated ferrous sulphate 3, syrup £.
Mix. Dose — 1. Pilula Ferri, B.P. Blaud’s pill. Exsiccated
ferrous sulphate 15, exsiccated sodium carbonate 9*5, gum acacia 5,
tragacanth 1*3, syrup 15, glycerine 1, water 2. Dose — 5 to
15 grs.

220

FERRI SULPHIDUM.

Kashisadi Tel. — A native preparation, containing ferrous sul-
phate, hirakasi, kalavi, katha, suntha, pipali, sindhava, manasila,
kanera, vavadinga, chitraka, aduso, dantimula, karavi gisoli (Turai),
haratala, each one part. Make a paste in the milky juice of Euphor-
bium Thuvara (Kantaro), Calotropis Gigantea and Akada, to which
add mithun tela, and boil.

Actions and uses. — Haematinic, emmenagogue, antiperiodic, an-
thelmintic, and disinfectant. In large doses poisonous. Locally
astringent and stimulant ; given in anaemia, chlorosis, amenor.
rhcea, leucorrhoea, enlarged spleen and intermittent fevers. In
passive discharges and passive haemorrhages it is combined with
aloes and myrrh. As an emmenagogue it is given in amenorrhoea
combined with belladonna and nux vomica and aloes ; it relieves
constipation and regulates the bowels. Its ointment is used in erysi-
pelas and in certain skin diseases as eczema, impetigo, haemorrhoids,
chancres, prolapsus of the rectum, scrofulous and syphilitic sores.
Kashisadi tela is used as an application by the natives in piles, fever
and rheumatism. Ferrous sulphate is a cheap disinfectant for sewage.
It precipitates the proteids.

Ferri Sulphidum. — Natural ferri sulphide.

Vernacidar. — Bomb. — Sona Mukhi-Dagadi ; Guz. — Sond Mukhi-na
gantha ; Hind. — Sond Mukhi ; Sans. — Suvarna Makshika ; Eng. —
Iron Pyritis .

Two varieties, Sona Mukhi and Rupa Mukhi. Sona Mukhi is
dark, yellow nodules with gold lustre and sweetish-bitter taste ;
often mistaken for gold pyrites. Rupa Mukhi or Tara Mukhi — Silver-
like radiated crystals. Dose — | to \ gr.

Preparation. — Sona Mukhi Bhasm. — It is prepared by the usual
process of purification, reduction, &c.

Actions and uses. — Haematinic and alterative, combines the effects of
iron with that of sulphide. It is used in scrofula, syphilis and enlarged
glands, also in combination with para kajali in consumption and
piles.

Ferri Persulphas. — Ferric Persulphate — Normal ferric sulphate.
— Boil together a solution of ferrous sulphate with sulphuric acid and
nitric acid and evaporate. A dark reddish-brown salt, without any
odour and of a styptic taste. Liquor Ferri Persulphatis, B.P. — A
dark-brown solution. Sp. gr. 1*441.

FERRUM TARTARATUM.

221

Actions and uses . — Rarely used internally. Used as an ingredient
in the preparations of Ferri et Ammoniae Citras, Ferri et Quininae
Citras, Ferri Oxidum Magneticum, Ferri Peroxidum Humidum,
Ferrum Tartratum, Tinctura Ferri Acetatis, Ferri et Ammoniae
Sulphas and Ferri et Ammonii Tartrate.

Ferrum Tartaratum, B.P. — Tartarated iron. — Tartrate of iron
and potassium. Ferri potassio tartras — Potassio ferric tartrate. A
compound of peroxide of ron with potash and tartaric acid. — Add
to the solution of ferric sulphate, ammonia water, heat the precipitate
with hot solution of acid tartrate of potassium. Thin, transparent
garnet-red scales, without any odour and of a sweet ferruginous
taste; soluble in water (i in 4) ; sparingly soluble in alcohol. Con-
tains 15 grs. of iron peroxide in 50 grs. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Preparation . — Tinctura Martis (1 to 4). Dose — 20 to 60 ms.

Actions and uses. — Haematinic and anthelmintic. Richest in iron,
most agreeable and least constipating. Given in anaemia, chlorosis
and worms.

Ferri Valerianas — Ferric Valerianate. — A dark-red or tile-
coloured amorphous powder of valerianic odour and styptic taste.
Insoluble in cold water ; freely soluble in alcohol ; decomposed by
hot water. On the addition of boiling water it decomposes into ferric
hydrate and valerianic acid. Dose — 1 to 5 grs. in pill.

MANGANUM MANGANESE.

Manganese. — Never occurs free in nature. Found in the form of
native crude peroxide or black oxide, or the carbonate. Traces of it
are often found in the ashes of plants. It forms salts with potassium
sodium, calcium, zinc, &c. Associated with iron, manganese is found
in the blood. Occurs in crystals ; of a black colour and metallic
lustre.

Manganesii Oxidum Nigrum — Mangani Dioxidum — Manganese
Dioxide ; Peroxide of Manganese ; Pyrolusite.

Vernacular. — Black oxide of Manganese ; Chin. — Mung-kur; Hind. —
Kolsa-ka- pathar ; Tel. — Iddali kalu .

Heavy grayish-black gritty powder, without any odour or taste.
Insoluble in water and in alcohol. Native crude oxide contains about
90 per cent, of manganese oxide, giving off oxygen gas at a red heat.

Heated with hydrochloric acid it gives off chlorine gas. Dose 3

to 10 grs. Used for preparing chlorine water and permanganate of
potassium.

222

MANGANESII HYPOPHOSPHIS.

Manganesii oxidum precipitatum, Manganesii oxidum preparatun?,
— To obtain it, treat black oxide of manganese with dilute hydro-
chloric acid, and wash. It consists principally of hydrated manganese
oxide. A bulky brown powder, free from grittiness. Entirely
soluble in hydrochloric acid. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. Used in pills.

Preparation. — Pill. Contains Manganese Dioxide 2 grs., Podo-
phyllin J gr., Fel. Bovinum 3 grs. Mix. Make one fill. Given in
jaundice.

Physiological action. — Alterative and tonic. In small doses the salts
of manganese are stimulant. They increase the activity of the stom-
ach, improve digestion, and promote appetite. In large doses they
are gastro-intestinal irritants, lower the heart’s action, paralyse the
muscular coat of the arteries, depress motor power and cause pro-
gressive wasting and paraplegia. They also give rise to degenera-
tion of the liver. Therapeutics . — The black oxide is an efficient
emmenagogue, generally given in combination with iron. It is occa-
sionally used in anaemia, syphilis, scurvy and certain chronic skin
diseases, as pruritis, &c. It is an acknowledged remedy in amenor-
rhcea, metrorhagia and in menorrhagia. It containsa large proportion
of oxygen. As an excito-motor it increases the tone of the uterus .
In pyrosis, gastrodynia, and gastralgia it acts as a sedative like
bismuth and relieves pain. It is an excellent remedy in cases of
jaundice due to malaria or to catarrh of the biliary passages. It
assists in converting uric acid in the urine into urea and hence given
in scarlatina, diphtheria, erysipelas, pyaemia, &c.

Manganesii Hypophosphis — Manganese Hypophosphite. — A
pale, thick, granular powder or red crystals, soluble in water
(1 in 10). Dose — 1 to 10 grs.

Manganesii Iodidum — Manganese Iodide. — Deliquescent brown
masses, soluble in water. Dose — 1 to 3 grs. Used as an alterative
and tonic, in anaemia, chlorosis, scrofula, syphilis and enlargement
of spleen.

Manganese Peptonate. — Brown powder containing 4 per cent,
of manganic oxide ; soluble in water. Dose — 20 to 60 grs. Liquor
ferro manganesii peptonati. Dose — 1 to 4 drs. Used as an altera-
tive and tonic.

Iron and manganese are essential constituents of the blood. They
are carriers of haemoglobin, and cause an increase in the number of
red corpuscles and the amount of haemoglobin. They are rapidly
absorbed in the blood, and are useful in anaemia, chlorosis,
neurasthenia, Bright’s disease, and rickets.

CHROMIUM.

223

Manganesii Phosphas, Manganous Phosphate, Manganese
Phosphate. — A white powder of a pinkish tint ; insoluble in water.
Dose — i to 5 grs. Sometimes added in syrup of ferrous phosphate.

Manganesii Sulphas, Manganous Sulphate, Manganese
Sulphate. — A white or pinkish powder or large crystals, soluble in
water (1 in o*8), insoluble in alcohol. Dose — As a tonic 1 to 5 grs. ;
as a purgative 30 to 60 grs. Used as tonic and cholagogue purgative
and emetic, given in jaundice of malarial origin, constipation, torpor
of the liver with catarrh of the biliary passages and general debility.
It is not largely used.

CHROMIUM.

It is never found free in nature, but exists in a state of oxide in
combination with protoxide of iron, as chrome iron ore or chromite.

Acidum Chromicum— Chromic Acid, B.P. Syn. — Chromic

Trioxide, Chromic Anhydride. — To obtain it, add strong sulphuric
acid to a concentrated solution of potassium bichromate. Occurs as
small deliquescent needles or rhombic prisms of a crimson colour and
metallic lustre, quite odourless. It is an oxidizing agent, acting corro-
sively on the skin ; destructive to animal and vegetable organism.
It is very soluble in water and ether. It melts at a very high
heat and decomposes with the evolution of oxygen gas. Warmed
with hydrochloric acid, chlorine is evolved. Mixed with alcohol,
aldehyde is produced. It decomposes organic substances : hence
when placed in contact or triturated with alcohol, cork, glycerine,
nitric ether, *sugar, tannin, &c., it causes sudden combustion or
explosion ; used as Liquor Acidi Chromici, B.P. (1 to 3 of water) ;
lotion (1 in 10) and paste.

Physiological action. — Astringent, antiseptic oxidizer, disinfectant
and a powerful eschoratic. Internally it is a violent irritative
corrosive poison, causing vomiting, bloody stools, severe abdominal
pain, depression of the heart, often cardiac failure, coma and death;
as an escharotic it penetrates deeply, but is not very painful; it coagu-
lates albumen. It oxidizes organic matter and decomposes it into
ammonia and sulphuretted hydrogen. Therapeutics . — A weak solu-
tion (1 in 4) is applied externally with a glass rod to growths on the
genitals, to lupus and (1 in 40) to ulcers in the mouth, gums, tongue,
palate, throat, nasal passages, also vagina, cervix uteri, & c. As an
eschoratic its paste is applied to destroy secondary syphilitic growths,
warts, tubercles, condyloma and other excrescences ; also enlarged
tonsils, haemorrhoids, gangrenous ulcers, poisoned wounds, bites

224

ZINCUM. ZINC.

of rabid animals, lupus, tinea tonsurans &c.y As an antiseptic and
deodorizer its lotion or injection (i in 40) is used in putrid sores, in
chronic gonorrhoea, leucorrhcea, uterine haemorrhages and other foetid
discharges from the nose, vagina, & c. For sweating feet from 5 to 10
per cent, solution is beneficial. It is a good application on warty
excrescences on the penis. As an antiseptic wash (1 in 4,000) is
useful in putrid sores and syphilitic affections of the mouth, tongue,,
throat, &c.

Zincum. Zinc, B.P.— Zinc.

Habitat. — India, China, Belgium.

Vernacular . — Eng. — Spelter ; Beng. — Das/a ; Can. — Sattu ; Duk. —
Jas, Sang-busari ; Hind. — Jasta ; Guz. — Jasad. ; Chin. — Talenague ;
Malyal. — N again, Tambaga-putch ; Sans. — Tuttinaga ; Tam. — Tutu -
nagam ; Tel. — Tutlu nagam .

Never occurs free in nature, but exists variously combined with
elements to form salts. It exists combined with oxygen as red oxide
with carbon as an impure carbonate, with sulphur as sulphide or
sulphuret (Blende), or with silica as silicate. To obtain it, sublime
carbonate or the oxide of zinc with charcoal. A bluish-white
crystalline metal, with considerable lustre ; soluble in the weakest
acids.

Granulated Zince. — To obtain it, fuse zinc metal, then pour on
it a thin stream of cold water. It becomes brittle and may then be
reduced to a fine powder. Occurs in thin sheets or irregular
granulated pieces, or moulded thin pencils or fine powder; used
in the preparation of chloride and sulphate of zinc.

Actions and uses. — The soluble zinc salts, such as the sulphate,
acetate, chloride and iodide, are corrosive irritants. In large
doses they give rise to symptoms of corrosive poisoning like
arsenic. In small doses they are astringents, but milder than the
lead salts. If continued for a long time, they produce symptoms
similar to those of lead. They are rapidly eliminated by the liver
and intestinal glands.

Zinci Acetas, B.p. — Zinc Acetate. — Dissolve zinc carbonate in
acetic acid, boil and crystallize. Colourless, translucent, crystal line
plates of a pearly lustre with a faint acetous odour and astringent,
sharp, unpleasant taste, slight alkaline reaction, soluble in water (1 in
2*5), in alcohol (1 in 36). Dose — 1 to 2 grs. as atonic ; 10 to 20 grs.
as an emetic. Used as a wash (1 to 1,000), gargle (5 to 1,000).,
injection (2 to 1,000).

ZINCI BORAS*

225

Actions and uses,— In small doses astringent and irritant ; in large
doses emetic ; used in erysipelas, diarrhoea, delirium and typhoid
fever. Externally as a lotion for collyrium in conjunctivitis and as
an injection in gleet, leucorrlioea and gonorrhoea, as gargle in sore
throat, and as lotion in eczema and other chronic skin diseases.

Zinci Boras — Zinc Borate.' — Dissolve carbonate of zinc in boric
acid. A white amorphous powder, used as ointment in eczema.

Zinci Bromidum. — Syn. — Zinc bromide. — Obtained by the action
of hydrobromic acid on granulated zinc. Another method. — Digest
zinc, bromine and water together and evaporate. White, granular,
highly deliquescent powder, without odour and of a sharp saline
taste ; soluble in water, alcohol, ether and ammonia. Dose — 3 to
10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Nervine tonic, antispasmodic and hypnotic ; used
in chorea, hysteria, ovarian irritation and other spasmodic diseases,
dependent upon nerve irritation where the combined action of
bromides and zinc salts are required. In epilepsy it is given with
very satisfactory results as it diminishes sensation and causes sleep.

Calamina praeparata. — Lapis Calaminaris praeparatus.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Impure prepared calamine ; Bomb .—Sang-i-
basari ; Guz. — Khapario ; Hind. — Kata kliaparo.

To prepare it calcine native calamine (zinc sulphate and carbonate)
and reduce it to a powder. An impalpable powder or a fine
flesh-coloured or grayish-black or porous earthy mass or agglutinated
granules, very brittle and composed of impure oxide of zinc and
silica. In shape it resembles pieces of broken white clay pipe.
It is without any odour and without taste, insoluble in water,
soluble in dilute sulphuric acid with effervescence.

Used as dusting powder. As a lotion — Levigated calamine 40
grs., zinc oxide 20 grs., glycerine 20 ms., rose water 1 oz. — used
in eczema ; in acne 1 gr. of bichloride of mercury may be added to
6ozs. of the lotion.

Preparations. — Ceratum Calaminae — Turner’s cerate. — It contains
calamine and yellow wax, each 15 parts, and olive oil 40 parts.
Linimentum Calaminae— Calamine 20 grs., zinc oxide 15 grs., lime
water 4 drs., and olive oil 1 ounce. Unguentum Calaminae — Calamine
1, zinc oxide 2, and benzoated lard 5. Khapara Bhashma, — To prepare
it, take calamine, lakh, halad, haradan, ral, tankan khar— equal
parts ; make a fine powder, then add butter and reduce the whole to
the consistence of jelly ; then heat the mass over a fire till reduced to
29

226

ZINCI CARBONAS.

ashes. Dose — J to 2 grs. Khapara Anjana.-— To prepare it, add
calamine to *decoction of triphala and stir ; then add sulphate
of copper, rock salt and borax. Mix well, dry over a sand bath,
and make into moulds. Compound Khapara powder — Jvararasa
or bang-i-rasa. — Take calamine, para kajali, orpiment, sulphate
of copper, tankan khar, and sulphur — equal parts, and reduce to
powder. Dose — 5 to 1 gr.

Actions and uses. — As an ointment or as a dusting powder it is
soothing, protective and astringent ; used as an application to
abrasions and to inflamed skin ; as a lotion with mercury bichloride
J gr. to each ounce of lotion for eczema and acne. Native vayids
use calamine as a nervine tonic and alterative like oxide or
carbonate of zinc. The compound powder is given in syphilis,
scrofula, &c. The cerate is a useful application for burns.

Zinci Carbonas, B.P.- — Zinc Carbonate. Precipitated zinc
carbonate or zinc hydroxycarbonate. — To obtain it, decompose
zinc sulphate with sodium carbonate. A white powder without
any odour or taste, insoluble in water, entirely soluble in dilute
nitric acid with copious effervescence. Dose — 2 to 10 grs. Used
as ointment 20 per cent, or as dusting powder.

Actions and uses. — Nervine tonic, locally astringent. Internally
given in chronic alcoholic poisoning, epilepsy, hysteria, &c., and pre-
ferred to the oxide in skin diseases. Applied as ointment or dusting
powder to wounds, ulcers, burns, scalds and excoriations, also
used as a face powder.

Zinci Chloridum, 33. P. — Zinc chloride, Butter of zinc. — Dissolve
granulated zinc in hydrochloric acid. Very deliquescent colourless
opaque rods, tablets, granular powder, or moulded pencils, without
any odour, caustic or metallic astringent taste, soluble in water
(1 in 3), also in alcohol and ether. Used as an injection 1 gr. to 1
oz. of water. Solutio zinci chloridi antiseptica (1 in 11).

Preparations. — Collodium Salicylicum cum Zinci Chlorido. — Con-
tains salicylic acid 2, zinc chloride 1, and collodion 15 — a clear
solution. Guttse Zinci Chloridi (2 grs. to 1 ounce of water). Guttse
Zinci Chloridi cum Cocaina. — Contains zinci chloridi 2 grs., cocaine
hydrochloride 10 grs. to water 1 oz. Pasta Zinci Chloridi. — Contains
zinc chloride 16 ozs., powdered opium 1^ oz., hydrochloric acid 6 drs.,
water 1 pint. To the mixture add wheat flour (4 to 1) and heat on a
water bath. Liquor Zinci Chloridi, B.P. — Similar to Burnet’s
disinfecting fluid. Contains granulated zinc 1 lb., hydrochloric acid

ZINCI CITRAS.

227

44 ozs., distilled water 2 pints. Sp. gr. 1*530. It contains about
3 grs. of the solid zinc chloride in 4 ms. of the solution. It is a clear
liquid, of a sweet astringent taste, without any odour. On diluting
it with water it forms a white precipitate, the precipitate being
re-dissolved by hydrochloric acid. Darts of zinc chloride with
equal weights of guttapercha are made for insertion into wounds.

Actions and uses. — Zinc chloride is a powerful and painful escha.
rotic, alterative, antiputrescent and antiseptic. As an escharotic
it has great affinity for water, coagulates albumen and shrivels
the tissues to which it is applied. The paste is locally applied for
the destruction of cancerous, malignant and other morbid growths
and of lupus, for opening deep-seated abscesses, to stimulate the
ulcers of the uterus and for the removal of nasal polypi. The cuticle
should be first removed by ammonia water before the paste is applied.
The liquor is used as an injection ( 1 in 1,000) in gonorrhoea^
leucorrhcea, &c. For its deodorant and disinfectant properties it is
used as a wash (1 in 500) for foetid discharges. As a general disinfect-
ant, the solution, 5 to 10 per cent., injected in tuberculosis into
the tubercular tissue, causes fibrous induration of the part,
preventing the spread of the disease. Dose — It should be injected
in 2 or 3 ms. doses in a number of places round the periphery of
diseased part, about the arm, in cancer of the tongue, &c.

Zinci Citras — Zinc citrate. — To obtain it, saturate the solution
of zinc carbonate with citric acid. A basic salt, met with as
amorphous white powder of a sharp metallic taste, sparingly soluble
in water. Dose — 3 to 12 grs. As an antispasmodic, given in
epilepsy.

Zinci Cyanidum — Zinc cyanide. — A white powder, insoluble in
water. Dose — to 1 gr.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, antiseptic and anthelmintic ; used in
chorea, rheumatism, neuralgia, gastralgia, colic, &c. As a cardiac
sedative like digitalis it relieves pain, irregularities and palpitation
of the heart.

Zinci et Potassi Cyanidum. — A soluble cyanide. Dose— jq to 1 gr.

Actions and uses . — Similar to hydrocyanic acid.

Zinci Lactas— Zinc lactate. White crystalline pieces of sharp
metallic taste ; soluble in water (1 in 60). Dose — 3 to 30 grs. As an
anti-epileptic and nervine sedative. Used in epilepsy. It does not
derange the stomach.

228

ZINCI FERRO CYANIDUM.

Zinci Ferro Cyanidum— Zinc Ferro-cyanide. — Fuse 2inc car**
bonate with animal refuse and iron scrapings. Evaporate and crystal-
lize. A white powder. Dose — -J to 2 grs. As an antiseptic and alter-
ative. Given in dysmenorrhoea, chorea, gastralgia, and rheuma-
tism.

Zinci Hemol. — A dark-brown powder, containing hemol with 1
per cent, of zinc, sparingly soluble in water. Dose — 5 to 8 grs.
As an haematinic. Used in anaemia, chlorosis, and in gastric or
intestinal affections.

Zinci Hypophosphitis — Zinc Hypophosphite. — Used as syrup 8
grs. to 1 ounce of syrup. Dose — 1 to 2 drs. It is readily assimil-
able. Given in nervous debility and in atony of the stomach.

Mercuro Zinc Cyanide. — To obtain it, add to the saturated solution
of cyanide of mercury and cyanide of potassium a saturated solution
of zinc sulphate, and collect the precipitate and evaporate. Another
method. — Add saturated solution of mercuric chloride to a solution
of zinc cyanide and potassium cyanide. A white powder. Used as
cream. Prepared by triturating the powder in carbolic lotion 1 in 20.
Mercuro Zinc Cyanide Gauze contains 3 per cent, by weight of
mercuro zinc cyanide.

Zinci Nitras — Zinc nitrate. — Neutralize nitric acid with zinc
carbonate or act upon zinc chloride with sodium nitrate. A deliques-
cent crystalline mass. Used as a caustic like zinc, chloride causes
less pain.

Oleatum Zinci. — Mix zinc oxide I and oleic acid 9, and heat
together. A white powder of a soft silky feel, resembling French
chalk.

Preparations. — Unguentum zinci oleatis contains precipitated
oleatum zinci and soft paraffin — equal parts. Used in eczema.
Unguentum oleatorum, composed of zinc oleate ointment 2, diachylon
ointment 2, mercuric oleate (10 per cent.) 1, and soft paraffin 1*
Charta Zinci. — Tissue paper, impregnated with zinc oleate ; used
as a stimulant to long-standing chronic ulcers and sores left after
burns.

Zinci Oleas— Z inc oleate. Precipitated zinc oleate. — Prepared
by the action of sulphate of zinc 8 on a boiling solution of hard
soap shavings 16. A white powder of a soft, silky feel, re-
sembling French chalk. Unguentum Zinci Oleatis, B.P. — Preci-
pitated zinc oleate 1, soft paraffin 1, Used in chronic eczema.

ZINCI OXIDUM..

229

Actions and uses. — Non-irritant, absorbent. Zinci oleas is used
as a dusting powder in vesicular eczema, often mixed with kaolin
or starch and perfumed with thymol (1 in 500), used in hyperidrosis
or night-sweating of phthisis.

Zinci Oxidum, B.P. — Zinc oxide.

Vernacular. — Pers. — Tutia ; Hind. — Putty; Eng. — White Zinc ,
Flowers of Zinc ; Guz ,—Jasata Bhasm .

Obtained by roasting carbonate of zinc or by combustion of
metallic zinc. An amorphous, white, tasteless, inodorous powder of
a pinkish white color changing to pale yellow by heat. Insoluble in
water, soluble, without effervescence, in dilute acids and in ammonia
water. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. in pills. The powder is used for toilet
purposes, mixed with various starches, powdered orris root, and
perfumed with scents.

Preparations.— Unguentum Zinci, B.P. (3 in 20). Zinc oxide 3,
and benzoated lard 17. Unguentum Zinci Compositus. — Contains
zinci oxidum and subacetate of lead with glycerine and lard.
Gelatum Zinci — Gelatine 2, water 8, glycerine 6, and zinc oxide 3.
Application to eczema. It may also be used as a basis for iodoform,
chrysarobin, carbolic acid, salicylic acid, ichthyol, resorcin, napthol 10
per cent., balsam, ichthyol 20 per cent, and tars. Cremor Zinci —
Zinc oxide 3, with vaseline 17, perfumed. Salve Mulls. — One grain
of zinc oxide to every square inch alone or combined with ichthyol or
with red oxide of mercury. Lassar’s Paste — Zinc oxide 24, starch 24,
salicylic acid 2, vaseline 50, for eczema. Pilula zinci cum belladonna.
— Zinc oxide 2 grs., extract of belladonna ^ gr. Dose — 1 to 2 pills at
bed-time. Pulvis zinci et amyli — Zinc oxide 1 and starch 2. Pulvis
zinci et hydrargyri sub-chloridi — Zinc oxide, calomel, tannic acid and
starch — equal parts.

Actions and uses. — Externally a mild, soothing, astringent and
desiccant. Internally a nervine sedative, astringent and antispas-
modic. Given in epilepsy, chorea, certain forms of neuralgia,
hysteria, dipsomania and in some spasmodic affections as asthma
and whooping cough. For its astringent property it is given in
bronchorrhoea, in colliquative sweats of phthisis, leucorrhoea and
gonorrhoea, and with bismuth and pepsine in later stages of chronic
diarrhoea and dysentery, also in gastralgia. Externally as desiccant
powder or a soothing astringent it is used in intertrigo, coryza, and
ozoena. As an ointment it is applied to wounds, ulcers, vesicular
eczema, excoriations, bed sores, chronic skin diseases, burns, & c.

230

ZINCI PERMANGANAS.

A native preparation of impure oxide of zinc, Tutanag passain, is
given in gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, with benefit.
With jatamansi it is given in epilepsy with good results.

Zinci Permanganas. — Zinc Permanganate. — Fuse dioxide of
manganese with zinc carbonate or zinc chloride. Dissolve the
resulting manganate of zinc in water, and act upon the solution with
sulphuric or carbonic acid.

Deliquescent reddish purple crystals : soluble in water. Used as
lotions and injections (i in io).

Antiseptic and astringent. It is similar to permanganate of
potash.

Zinc Sozoiodol — Zinc diodo paraphenol sulphonate.- — Colourless
needles, freely soluble in water (i in 25), alcohol and glycerine.
Used as insufflation 5 to 10 per cent, triturated with milk sugar ;
ointment (5 to 10 per cent.) ; paint (3 to 5 per cent.) ; solution ^ to 1
per cent. ; gargle 1 to 2 per cent.

Actions mid uses.— -Antiseptic, astringent. Given internally in
gonorrhoea and nasal catarrh ; externally as insufflation in pharyngitis,
as a gargle in sore throat, as an injection in gonorrhoea and as an
ointment in skin diseases.

Zinci Subgallas — Zinc subgallate. — A greenish powder without
any odour, non-toxic, and non-irritant. Insoluble in ordinary
solvents ; contains 44 per cent, of zinc oxide and 46 per cent, of
gallic acid. Dose — | to 4 grs. Used as injection (1 in 16);
ointment 1 in 8 ; dusting powder.

Actions and uses. — Local astringent. Used as dusting powder in
eczema, septic wounds and haemorrhoids ; as an injection 1 in
16 of mucilage in gonorrhoea. Internally, in chronic diarrhoea.

Zinci Sulphas, B.P. — Zinc sulphate.

Vernacular. — -Eng. — Sulphate of Zinc> White Vitriol , Zinc Vitriol ;
Can. — Bile Tutya; Cing.- — Sudu Tuttam ; Duk. — Sufed Tutta ; Hind.
— Jasadna Phula , Sufed-thu-thah ; Malayal. — Tutam ; Tam. — Pal
Tuttam ; Tel. — Palu lullam.

Obtained by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc. Colour-
less, transparent, rhombic crystals, similar in appearance to those of
Epsom salt ; of an astringent metallic taste and without any odour ;
soluble in water (1 in o*6), glycerine (1 in 3), and insoluble in alcohol.
Dose — As a tonic and astringent 1 to 3 grs. ; as an emetic, 10 to

30 grs-

ZINCI SULPHIS.

231

Preparations. — Colly rium Adstringens Luteum. — Ammonium chlo-
ride 5, zinc sulphate 12^, aqua 2,000. Add camphor 4 dissolved in
dilute spirit 200, then add saffron. Lotio Rubra — Red lotion. Zinc
sulphate 2 grs., compound tincture of lavander 15 ms., water 1 oz.
Red Lotion Pastils are prepared to produce this lotion. Lotio Sul-
phatum, — Zinc' sulphate 30 grs., ferrous sulphate 20 grs., copper
sulphate 2 grs., alum 30 grs., water 8 ounces. Ophthalmic discs —
Containing grs. each of zinc sulphate and opium. Points of
zinc sulphate alone or combined with alum or copper sulphate are
prepared for intra-uterine medication.

Actions and uses. — In small doses tonic and astringent, in large
doses emetic and antispasmodic. In very large doses poisonous.
As a tonic and antispasmodic it is used in chorea, epilepsy, spas-
modic asthma, angina pectoris, and whooping cough. As an astrin-
gent it- is given in chronic diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. It is
a stimulant emetic and largely used in cases of narcotic poisoning,
in croup and in chronic bronchitis and after a heavy meal. Locally,
it is used as an astringent to the mucous membranes and generally
as a lotion and injection in ophthalmia, gleet, leucorrhoea, & c. In a
dry state it acts as a caustic.

Zinci Sulphis — Zinc Sulphite. — Mix together solution of sulphate
of zinc and sulphite of sodium. Zinc sulphite is deposited. As a
white crystalline powder, soluble in water (1 in 600). Used as a
zinc sulphite gauze. It is a non-poisonous, non-irritating antiseptic ;
it liberates sulphurous acid.

Zinci Sulphocarbolas, B.P. — Zinc sulpho-carbolate, zinci-phe-
nol-para-sulphonate, — Heat a mixture of carbolic and sulphuric acid
and saturate the product with zinc oxide. Colourless, transparent,
tubular crystals; soluble in water (1 in 2) and in alcohol (1 in 2*5).
Dose — 1 to 2 grs. Used as injection 2 to 3 grs. to an ounce.

Actions and uses. — Astringent and antiseptic. Used locally as a
gargle or spray or pigment applied with a probang in catarrhal
affections of the throat ; also used as an injection for gonorrhoea and
leucorrhoea. It forms a valuable nasal douche in ozoena and foul
ulcers. Internally it is given in typhoid fever and fermentative diar-
rhoea.

Zinci Phosphidum — Zinc phosphide. — Pass the vapour of phos-
phorus and hydrogen gas over fused zinc. Contains 25 per cent,
of phosphorus. A gritty, dark-gray powder, or crystals, or frag-
ments of dark metallic lustre with a faint odour and of a phos-

232

ZINCI VALERIANAS.

phorus taste ; insoluble in water and alcohol. It is not oxidized by
trituration. Dose — to J of a grain. Pilula zinci phosphidi— -
Formed by levigation with milk sugar and glycerine of tragacanth.
i gr. in each.

Actions and uses. — A powerful nervine tonic and aphrodisiac ; given
in seminal debility, nervous exhaustion, epileptiform vertigo, neu-
ralgia, tic douloureux, hemicrania, melancholia and chronic skin
diseases ; also in pernicious anaemia and leucocythemia.

Zinci Valerianas, B.P. — Zinc Valerianate — zinc-iso-valerianate.
— M :x together hot solutions of sulphate of zinc and sodium iso-
valerianate, evaporate and crystallize ; or act upon carbonate of
zinc with iso-valerianic acid. White, pearly scale of valerianic acid
odour and a sweet astringent taste, acid reaction, soluble in water
(i in ioo), and in alcohol (i in 40). Decomposes on exposure to
the air. Dose — 1 to 3 grs.

Preparation. — Pilulse Trium Valerianatum. Contain valerianate of
quinine, iron and zinc. Pilula zinci valerianatis — Zinc valerianate
1 gr. and compound pill of asafoetida 2 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antispasmodic and nervine tonic ; used in neu-
ralgia, nervous headache, nervous cough, epilepsy, vertigo, chorea,
hysteria, whooping cough, aphonia due to uterine or ovarian irrita-
tion, and in diabetes insipidus. It the prevents recurrence of attacks
of hay fever.

CADMIUM.

A white metal, malleable and ductile. Met with in nature as sul-
phide in zinc ores. It resembles in its physiological action both zinc
and antimony, being escharotic, astringent and depressing emetic.
Its salts are irritant poison, never given internally, leading to cere-
bro-spinal symptoms, such as coma, convulsions and death.

Cadmii lodidlim — Iodide of cadmium. — Prepared by the com-
bination of iodine and cadmium ; large flat crystals, white, and of a
pearly lustre ; form amber-coloured fluid when heated to 6oo° F.
Freely soluble in water and in rectified spirit. Used as unguentum
cadmii iodidi (1 to 8). Externally applied as a stimulant for en-
larged scrofulous glands, chronic joint affections, nodes and skin
diseases.

Cadmium Salicylas. — Colourless shiny needles. Taste sweet
and astringent. Soluble in glycerine, alcohol and ether, insoluble in

CADMIUM SULPHATE.

233

chloroform and benzene. Contains 29 per cent, of cadmium. Astrin-
gent. Used as injection in gonorrhoea, also used in purulent ophthal-
mia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, &c.

Cadmium Sulphate. — Obtained by the action of sulphuric acid
on cadmium. White crystals, soluble in water and alcohol. An anti-
septic and stimulating astringent. Used in gonorrhoea as a solution
^ gr. to 1 ounce, as injection and as eyewash in place of sulphate
of zinc 2 grs. to an ounce.

ARGENTUM— SILVER.

Met with free in nature diffused throughout the mineral kingdom,
also as sulphide, often met with alloyed with other metals as gold,
arsenic, copper, & c. With lead sulphide it is found as argentiferous
galena.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Fazzeh , Faddah ; Burm. — N’gway ; Cing.
— Peddi ; Guz. — Rupun , Chdndi, the leaf Ruperi Varaka; Hind. —
Rupa, Chandi ; Mahr. — Rupecha Varaka; Malay. — Perak , Salaka ;
Maleal. — Riaki ; Pers. — Varkharsima, Nokra ; Sans. — Sveta, Raj 'ata,
Tara patra ; Tam. — Velli ; Tel. — Vendi.

A soft, whitish, brilliant, sonorous, ductile metal, a good conductor
of heat and electricity. Its chief solvent is nitric acid. Used as
silver leaf.

Refined silver — Argentum purificatum.

Silver ash. — Rupa Bhashma ; Guz. — Rupani Khaka ; Sans. — Tara
Bhashma. — Add limejuice to powdered orpiment, make another
paste of powdered pomegranate bark, powdered leaves of acacia in
the juice of kumara (aloe leaves), mix both pastes together to
make a bolus. In the centre of this bolus put a ball of pure
refined silver leaves and cover the whole with earth or clay, then
roast and calcine. Dose — to ^ gr.

Actions and uses. — The silver salts are antiseptic, astringent, and
locally irritant, more powerful than the salts of lead, but less so
than those of mercury. Nitrate of silver is a good disinfectant,
but is precipitated by the chlorides and proteids. The soluble salts
of silver are hepatic and nervine tonics ; they increase the tissue,
change and promote the secretion of bile. In large doses they
affect the general nutrition, but not the assimilation ; they depress
the heart and respiratory centre, and lower the blood-heat. In toxic
doses they give rise to convulsions or paralysis. In workers in
artificial pearls who use silver as a pigment, the long use of silver

30

234

ARGENT! CHLORIDE

gives rise to a condition of the system known as argyria which is
characterized by a slate-coloured line round the margin of the gums,
which are swollen. The skin and the mucous membrane are covered
over with greyish coloured patches which soon become slate-coloured.
This pigmentation is due to the deposit of silver in the connective
tissues of the skin, chiefly in the corium.

Argenti Chloridi — Silver Chloride. — A white powder, blackening
on exposure to light. Soluble in ammonia, potassium thiosulphate
and potassium cyanide. Dose — \ to 2 grs. Used as an antiseptic,
and nervine sedative in chorea, epilepsy, whooping cough, and in
other neurotic affections.

Argentum Colloidale- — Collargolum — Soluble metallic silver —
Dose — J of a grain. Used as ointment (10 in 100). As a non-irritant
and antiseptic. Used in erysipelas, lymphangitis, cellulitis, &c.
Solution is used in conjunctivitis.

Argenti Citras- — Itrol — Silver citrate. — A white colourless powder
without any odour, sparingly soluble in water 1 in 4,000. Used
as injection ( 1 to 2,000); as ointment 1 to 2 percent.

Actions (md uses. — Antiseptic, disinfectant and germicide. It
has a powerful destructive action on gynococci ; it is a non-irritant
of the urethral mucous membrane, does not injure the tissues and
has a deep reaching power, hence preferred to silver lactate.
In acute and chronic gonorrhoea and chronic cystitis its solution is
an efficient injection. The ointment is used for wounds and skin
diseases.

Argenti Cyanidum — Silver Cyanide. — A yellowish-white powder
soluble in solution of potassium cyanide, and sodium thiosulphate.
Dose — 4 to 4 of a grain. As an antiseptic and sedative ; given in
epilepsy and chorea.

Argenti lodidi — Silver Iodide.- — Greenish-yellow shining plates.
Soluble in solution of potassium iodide, or potassium cyanide, also
of ammonium thiosulphate. Insoluble in water. Dose — 4 to 1 gr-
As an alterative. Given in gastralgia, syphilis, &c., as a substitute
for argenti nitras.

Argenti Nitras, B.P. — Silver Nitrate.

Vernacular.— Eng.— Nitrate of Silver , Lunar Caustic ;• Hind,—
Kadi Khar.

ARGENTI CHLORIDI.

235

Dissolve refined silver in nitric acid by heat, evaporate and
crystallize. Colourless, tabular, transparent, rhombic prisms or
cylindrical rods, becoming black by exposure to light, without any
odour and of a bitter caustic taste. Soluble in water (1 in 0,6)
and in alcohol (1 in 26) ; also soluble in ether and chloroform.
Always given with water or in pill with kaolin, never with tannin or
any vegetable extract, lest an explosive compound results. Dose —
i to \ gr.

Preparation. — Argenti Nitras Induratus, B.P. — Toughened caustic.
— Take silver nitrate 475 grs. and potassium nitrate 25 grs., fuse and
pour into proper moulds. White or greyish-white cylindrical rods
or cones, freely soluble in water and sparingly so in alcohol.

Argenti Nitras Mitigatus, B.P.1 — Mitigated caustic ; argenti et
potassii nitras, nitrate of silver and potassium. Argenti nitras
dilutus, diluted silver nitrate. — Fuse together nitrate of silver 1 part
with potassium nitrate 2 parts and mould into a pencil. A white
or greyish-white cylindrical rod or cone, freely soluble in water,
sparingly so in alcohol. Used as a solution, 2 grs to 1 oz., and as
hair dye. Ophthalmic discs of silver nitrate gr. in each. Pig-
mentum argenti nitratis aethereum, containing silver nitrate 20 grs.,
water 1 dr. and spirit of nitrous ether 1 oz.

Physiological action . — Locally antiseptic, astringent, haemostatic,
irritant, caustic and escharotic. Internally tonic, antispasmodic,
astringent and antiphlogistic. A weak solution applied to a denuded
skin causes contraction of the vessels. A strong solution acts as a
caustic, irritates the part, coagulates the albumen of the tissue, and
forms a thick coating of albuminates which is white at first but soon
becomes black. Internally in small doses it acts as a nervine tonic.
It stimulates the heart and promotes nutrition. Therapeutic uses.
— As a sedative and astringent in small doses it is given in weak
and irritable stomach, depressed spirits, persistent vomiting, sub-
acute gastritis, pyrosis, gastric ulcers, gastric malignant affections
and hasmatemesis ; also given in intestinal ulcers, epidemic dysen-
tery and cholera.

It should always be given on an empty stomach. In large doses
it is an irritant of the mucous membrane of the alimentary tract
leading to corrosion and ulceration. It causes burning in the throat
with nausea, vomiting, and often purging, followed by collapse, coma,
convulsions, and death from paralysis of the respiratory centre.
As a nervine tonic it is exhibited in mercurial palsy, chorea, epilepsy,
hysteria, locomotor ataxy and in inflammatory affections of the spinal
chord. Externally the stick is applied to stimulate foul phagedenic

236

ARGENTI OXIDUM.

ulcers, chancres, to cut down exuberant granulations and to heal sores>
sinuses, &c., also to stop bleeding from leech bites, &c. As an injec-
tion of various strengths it stimulates the mucous membranes, dimi-
nishes the discharges and renders them more healthy, and hence it
is used in gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, catarrhal inflammation of
the bladder and also as a spray in tonsillitis, diphtheria, croup,
whooping cough, sore throat, aphonia, aphthae, involuntary emis-
sions, and in enlarged prostate. A solution of 40 grs. to a pint of
water is injected into the bowels in inveterate cases of chronic dysen-
tery. As an antiseptic in ophthalmic practice it is largely used as
eye drops. In chronic purulent discharge from the middle ear ^ per
cent, solution if applied to the tympanum is a valuable remedy. In
polypi in the ear and in external otitis, 5 to 20 per cent, solu-
tion is very useful. In skin diseases it destroys parasitic fungi, and in
eczema, prurigo and lichen it relieves itching. It is also used to
prevent pitting as in small-pox. In lupus, ringworm and erythema
the solution has been applied with marked relief ; as an escharotic
it is used to destroy corns, warts, &c. As a cautery it is applied
in cases of poisoned bites and stings of rabid animals or snakes.
The surface should be thoroughly cauterized.

Argenti Oxidum, B.P. —Silver oxide. — Prepared by the action
of calcium hydro-oxide on a solution of silver nitrate. A brown
powder, becoming black by age, insoluble in alcohol and partially
soluble in water, decomposes when mixed with combustible or readily
oxydizable substances, as creosote, phenol, &c. Dose — \ to 2 grs.
given with kaolin in pills or capsules. Used as unguentum argent!
oxydum 40 grs. to 1 oz.

Actions and uses. — Nervine tonic, aphrodisiac and anthelmintic,
like nitrate of silver, but less irritating. Can be used for a longer time
without causing discoloration of the skin. Among the natives silver
bhasm is extensively used as an aphrodisiac in combination with,
other nervine tonics and confections ; also as a sedative in haemate-
mesis, ulceration of the stomach, dyspepsia, gastralgia, pyrosis. In
uterine and pulmonary haemorrhages and in menorrhagia it is very
beneficial. It is used to check vomiting, profuse sweating and diar-
rhoea depending on reflex nervous irritation. The ointment is ap-
plied to syphilitic and other obstinate ulcers and to the urethra in:
gonorrhoea.

Oleatum Argenti — Oleate of silver. — Is useful in chronic ulcers,,
old sores and exuberant granulations. Unguentum argenti oleatis
contains 10 to 60 grs. of the oleate to 1 oz. of lard. It is em-
ployed to relieve itching and as an application in erysipelas.

SILVER AND SODIUM HYPOSULPHITE.

237

Silver and Sodium Hyposulphite. — It is very soluble in water,
’does not coagulate albuminum, does not stain the skin or the clothing.
Dose — i to 3 grs. internally, J to J gr. hypodermically. Used as
solution hypodermically, and given internally in locomotor ataxia.
Also locally applied to the throat.

Argenti Sulphocarbolas. — Silver sulpho-carbolate. Prepared by
double decomposition between silver carbonate and sulpho-carbolic
acid. White, prismatic needles, containing silver 28*29 per cent.
Used as solution 1 in 500. As an antiseptic injection in gonorrhoea.
Other properties are similar to those of itrol and argonin.

ARSENIC— ARSENIUM.

The metal arsenic is widely distributed in nature, but in small
quantities. With one equivalent of oxygen it forms arsenious acid ;
with two equivalents, arsenic acid. With sulphur it forms various
sulphides, red orpiment, yellow orpiment or realgar, and kala sam-
bul ; with iodine it forms arsenic iodide. With metals it forms vari-
ous compounds known as metallic arsenide. With iron pyritis it
forms arsenical pyritis or mispickel ; with copper Scheele’s green ;
with cobalt, glance (a compound of arsenide and sulphide of
cobalt), and with tin, white tin or arsenite of tin.

It is a crystalline, brittle metal, of a steel-dark colour and of a
metallic lustre, not capable of being flattened or elongated by the
hammer without tearing or breaking. It volatilizes below a red
heat. The vapour is of a strong garlic odour. On roasting, the
ore is oxidized into arsenious anhydride.

Acidum Arseniosum, B.P. — Arsenicum album, arsenic trioxide,
arsenic white oxide, white arsenic, anhydrous arsenious acid,
arsenious anhydride.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Arsenious Acid , White Oxide of Arsenic,

Flowers of Arsenic ; Arab. — Turabul , Halil, Sumul-far, Zarnik-Shuk ;
Bu.m. — Tein, Hpy-so ; Beng. — Surnbul Khar ; Can. — Phashana ;
Cing. — Sudu Pasanam ; Duk. — Safed Sambul Khar ; Guz. — Somal
Khar; Hind. — Sanchya ; Malyal. — Waranganpulih ; Pers. — Sambul -
far; Sans. — Sveta-pasanam, Sankha-visha; Tam. — Vella-paslianam,
Ar ; Tel. — Tela-pashanam.

Roast native arsenical ores as arsenates of iron, nickel or cobalt,
when commercial arsenious acid is obtained as a by-product. This
is sublimed. Met with as a solid, heavy, white powder or stratified
masses, or minute transparent and glass-like crystals without any

ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM.

2.38

taste, soluble in water (1 in 100), in boiling water (i in 10), very
slightly soluble in alcohol, in alkalies and their carbonates, and in
hydrochloric acid, and soluble in glycerine (1 in 5). It volatilizes
without melting and emits an alliaceous odour. Dose — to jU of
a grain.

Preparations. — Liquor Arsenicalis, B.P. — Solution of- potassium
arsenite — Liquor Potassse Arsenitis. Fowler’s solution (1 in no),
— Contains arsenious anhydride 87-! grs., compound tincture of
lavender 5 fluid drs., potassium carbonate 87^ grs., distilled water a
sufficiency to produce one pint. It contains 1 per cent, of arsenic
acid. A reddish liquid of the odour of lavender and alkaline taste.
Dose — 2 to 8 ms.

Liquor Ammonii Arsenitis. — Prepared like liquor potassae
arsenitis, by adding ammonium carbonate instead of potassium
carbonate. Dose— 2 to 6 ms.

Liquor Arsenici Hydrochloricus, B.P. — Hydrochloric solution
of arsenic. — Prepared by the action of hydrochloric acid on arsenious
acid (f in no). Colourless liquid. Dose — 2 to 8 ms. Pilula arse-
nicalis Co. Acidi arseniosi gr., quiniae bisulphatis 1 gr., ferri
hypophosphites 2 grs., strychninae sulphatis 5^ gr., saccharine gr.
Mix. Pill 1 with or after food. In cachexia, nervous exhaustion.

Pilula ferri arsenicalis, gelatine-coated. — Contains arsenic ^ gr.,
dried sulphate of iron 3 grs., and syrup J gr. Dose — 3 grs. In
chlorosis and anaemia.

Pulvis Arsenici Escharoticus — arsenical powder. Arsenious anhy-
dride 1, mercuric sulphide (cinnabar) 5, animal charcoal 1. Used
as a caustic. Granula Dioscoridis. — Contains arsenious anhydride,
milk sugar and manna. Dose — 1 to 5. Pilula Asiatica — Arsenious
anhydride ^ gr., black pepper f gr., acacia 2 grs. for one pill.
Levico water.-— A chalybeate and arsenical water. Levico, strong. —
Arsenious anhydride^- gr., iron salts 30 grs., and water 20 ozs.
Levico, mild. — Arsenious anhydride TJo gr., iron salts 8 grs. Dose —
4 drs. Pasta Arsenicalis. — Arsenical paste, arsenious anhydride 30,
plaster of Paris 15, morphine sulphate 20, cocaine 5, eosine -J. Mix.
Then add oil of cloves 5, phenol 25. Arsenical cigarettes contain
sodii arsenas as a chief ingredient. Used for asthma. Somal
Bhasma — arsenic ash. Sublime and purify the commercial arsenious
acid. Somal-nu-ghee — Arsenic butter, a native preparation. Soak the
roots of akda and kaner in milk till it forms a paste, then add
arsenious acid and churn. Separate the butter and clarify.

LIQUOR ARSENICI HYDROCHLORICUS.

239

Physiological action . — In small doses stomachic, general and nervine
tonic, alterative and antiperiodic. It aids digestion and improves the
appetite. It is a cardiac, respiratory, intestinal and sexual stimulant.
As a nervine tonic it exalts the mind, improves the complexion,
changes the rough skin to fair. When taken internally, it is slowly
absorbed into the blood and is eliminated by the skin and the urine.
Under its use there is tolerance for great exertion without fatigue as
in ascending high steep hills without any difficulty of respiration. If
long continued, it acts as an irritant, gives rise to itching of the
eyelids, salivation, irritability of the stomach and intestines,
feeble and irritable heart and laborious breathing. There is jaun-
dice, albuminuria and various skin disorders as herpes, urticaria, &c.
In very large or toxic doses it is a powerful irritant poison, causing
burning in the throat, vomiting, bloody stools, bloody and albumin-
ous urine with strangury or suppression of urine. The symptoms
often simulate those of cholera with profound coma, insensibility and
paralysis. Long continued exposure to its influence, as in the
case of workmen who use Paris green (cupri aceto arsenic) or
of those who have to work in arsenical articles or constantly inhale
arsenic from wall papers, &c., it gives rise to symptoms of chronic
arsenic poisoning. These are colicky pains, the stools become dysen-
teric, with burning in the eyes, irritation in the nose, silvery tongue
and great prostration ; often times it leads to shooting pains in the
limbs, paralysis of the extensors of the hand and feet,*and muscular
atrophy.

Therapeutics. — In medicinal doses it is extensively used as
a tonic and astringent in intestinal disorders, as dyspepsia, gastralgia,
pyrosis, gastric ulcer or gastric cancer, and chronic alcoholic vomit-
ing. As an antiperiodic it is of benefit in intermittent fevers, ague,
neuralgia, spasmodic affections as hemicrania, tic doloureux, epi-
lepsy, chorea, whooping cough, &c. As an alterative it acts on the
tissue changes and is very valuable in malarial cachexia, in
convalescence from acute fevers, in various chronic skin affections
such as lepra, psoriasis, eczema, prurigo, &c. In epithelioma
and uterine carcinoma their progress can be retarded by its long
and continued use. In chronic rheumatism, chronic catarrhal affec-
tions, persistent coryza accompanied with sneezing, in asthma, in old
and emphysematous people, in chronic bronchitis with profuse ex-
pectoration, in the commencement of phthisis and in diabetes it is
extensively used, hence some anti-asthmatic cigarettes contain traces
of arsenic. Liquor arsenicalis is very valuable in chorea, diabetes,
asthma in children and old and emphysematous people. It has been
hypodermically injected parenchymatously in goitre, also in sarco-

240

ARSENII BROMIDUM.

matous growths. Cacodylate of sodium-— an arsenical preparation^
recommended in tuberculosis, cancer, chronic skin diseases, malarial
cachexia, phthisis, &c. Habitual use of arsenic induces a sort of
tolerance of the drug, and large quantities can be borne with impunity.
It should be given after meals. The natives use medicinal arsenic oil
(somal-nu ghee) in J m. doses as a nervine tonic in seminal weakness.
It is generally given alternately with phosphorus. Locally, they
apply arsenic on piles to promote ulceration and also to remove
warts, cancers, &c. A paste of arsenic is used as a depilatory and
also as an escharotic in cancers, but it is a very painful application.
Care should be taken not to apply it to the healthy tissues, lest
dangerous absorption may occur.

Arsenii Bromidum— Oxybromide of arsenic.— To a mixture of
bromine 1 and carb a. disulphide 2 add arsenic sufficient to decolorize
the liquid. Shake, filter and evaporate. Deliquescent, colourless
prisms ; of a strong arsenic odour, soluble in water. Contains 1
per cent, of arsenious acid. Dose — to Tu of a grain.

Liquor Arsenici Bromatus.— Liquor Arsenii Bromidi, Liquor
Potassii Arsenitis et Bromidi. Clement’s solution of arsenite of
bromine, 1 per cent, of arsenious acid.

Boil, a mixture of arsenious anhydride 1, potassium carbonate 1,
bromine 2, in water.

A colourless solution. Dose — 1 to 5 ms.

Actions and uses. — Liquor arsenici bromatus is a nervine sedative,
given in epilepsy and in diabetes of hepatic origin.

Cupri Arsenis. — Cupric arsenite, copper arsenite, pure Scheele’s
green, mineral green, Paris green. Mix together solutions of cupric
sulphate and of arsenious acid in the presence of an alkali. A pale
apple-green amorphous powder. Dose — y-J^ to of a grain.

Actions and uses. — Astringent and stimulant ; given in extremely
small doses (M^o of a grain) in various intestinal diseases as sum-
mer diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera with slimy and
bloody stools, every ten minutes for 5 or 6 doses, then hourly.
For chlorosis and anaemia of a grain three times a day. Also*
used as an insect poison.

Liquor Arsenii et Hydrargyri Iodidi, B.P. — Solution of mer-
curic and arsenious iodide. Donovan’s solution. — Triturate to-
gether arsenious iodide, and red iodide of mercury (1), and dissolve
in water (100). A pale yellow liquid, having no odour, but a styptic

ARSENII IODIDUM, B. P. 241

metallic taste. 1 10 ms. contain 1 grain of arsenious iodide and 1
grain of mercuric iodide. Dose — 5 to 20 ms.

Pilula arsenii et hydrargyri iodidi contains gr. of each. Dose —

I or 2 pills.

Actions and uses. — A very valuable alterative, combining the action
of arsenic, mercury and iodine. Given in obstinate skin affections
and syphilis.

Arsenii Iodidum, B.P. — Arsenious Iodide. — Mix together

arsenium and iodine. Another mode. — Mix together arsenious and
hydro-iodic acids, and evaporate. Small, orange-red crystals or
masses, of an iodine odour and of a styptic taste, soluble in water
(1 in 7), in alcohol (1 in 30), also in ether. It decomposes by boiling
water or by boiling alcohol, and volatilize by heat. Dose — ^ to ^
of a grain.

Actions and uses. — Nervine tonic and alterative, combining the
actions of arsenic and iodine, but more of arsenic than of iodine.
Given in syphilis, scrofula, & c.

Arsenii Oleas, Oleatum Arsenici. — An ointment containing 20
grs. of oleate of arsenic to one ounce of lard, is used as caustics in
the treatment of ulcerating and tubercular varieties of lupus, ulcer-
ating epithelioma and condyloma.

Arsenii Bisulphidum. — Bisulphide of arsenic, realgar, red sul-
phuret of arsenic.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Zurneik Surkh ; Eng. — Red Orpiment ; Guz. —
Mansil ; Hind.* — Ldl Haratal, Lai Sambul, Mansil ; Malay. — Waran-
gan ; Pers. — Zaranik Surkh ; Sans. — Manahsila ; Tam. — Kudire-pal-
pasphanam.

Heat arsenious acid with sulphur or triturate native sulphide
(manasila) in the juice of lime, agathya and fresh ginger. Evapo-
rate and add the paste of turmeric powder. Heavy mass or powder
of a yellowish red colour. It has an acid taste and smell, and
burns with a blue flame. Dose — ^ to gr.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, antispasmodic and tonic. In native
practice it is given in fevers, cough and asthma. In skin diseases
it is given both internally and applied externally. Locally it is ap-
plied to fistulous sores with benefit.

Tersulphide, with Teroxide of Arsenic. — Bomb. — Dagadi Har at at ;
Guz. — Dagadi Haratal. Shining, crystalline, irregular pieces of
gray or red colour. Rarely used in medicine.

31

242

GODANTI HARATAL.

Arseilii Trisulphidum. — Tersulphide of arsenic, yellow orpiment.

Habitat. — Found native in China and Persia.

Vernacular : Eng. — Orpiment , Yellow Sulphuret of Arsenic ; Arab. —
Ursanigun ; Beng. — Harital ; Burm. — Hsaydan-Shwaywa ; Cing. — ■
Aridala ; Chin .-Pi-hwang ; Duk. — Hartala ; Eng. — Yellow Sulphide
of Arsenic; Guz. — Aratal ; Hind. — Hartal; Malay. — Warangan ;
Mar. — Hantala ; Pers. — Zarneik-zard, Zami , Zarna ; Sans. — Hari-
talaka ; Tam. — Arridaram , Yellikud-pashanam ; Tel. — Daddipash -
anam.

Fuse arsenic with sulphur in appropriate proportions. It is also
prepared by the action of sulphuretted hydrogen or hydrosulphurets
in a solution of arsenious acid. Massive or lamellar golden yellow
crystalline pieces, inodourous, and insoluble in water. Dose —
to | of a gr.

Preparation. — Hartal oil and hartal javara (ashes). To prepare
it, triturate haratal in the juice of satoda and then apply heat.
Dose — J to i gr.

Actions and uses. — Alterative and nervine tonic. It forms an,
ingredient in some depilatory powders. The natives use it inter*
nally under the belief that it increases strength, beautifies the skin
and prolongs life.

Remarks . — Two varieties are met with — Hartal-i-vilayeti and Har~
tal-jwarki, the latter having beautiful lamellar structure ; also called
Hartal pilli (yellow) and Hartal golabi (rose-coloured).

Godanti Haratal. — It is known as safed haratal, but has no
relation with arsenic salt. Godanti hartal is the sulphate of lime or
gypsum (Gabhana).

Cacodylates. — Organic compounds of arsenic.

Cacodylic Acid,— Dimethyl arsenic Acid. A white crystalline
powder, highly deliquescent. Sodium Cacodylate. — The salt pro-
duced by a combination of sodium and cacodylic acid. It contains
54 per cent, of cacodylic acid. Dose — ^ to i gr. Used as hypo-
dermic injection. Dose — f gr. As rectal injection i gr. in 4 drs.
of water.

Actions and uses. — Same as those of arsenious acid or liquor
potassii arsenitis. Used as a cure for phthisis. Under its use the
softening of the tubercles is greatly improved. Very useful in
chronic malarial fevers.

ANTIMONIUM.

243

Antimonium — Antimony. — Rarely met with in nature in a free
state, but generally as oxide, or native black tersulphide and
oxysulphide. To obtain it, roast antimony sulphide into antimony
oxide, and then reduce it to the metallic state with charcoal. Brittle
bluish white metal of metallic lustre and crystalline structure. It is
not officinal.

Antimonium Nigrum Purificatum, B.P.— Antimonious sub
phide — Purified black antimony.— Fuse native sulphide of antimony,
remove silicious matter and macerate the residue with ammonia water.
Grayish-black crystalline powder, without any odour and taste,
insoluble in water and alcohol* but soluble in hydrochloric acid.

Preparations. — Antimonium sulphuratum and antimonii terchlori-
dum.

Antimonii Ghloridum — Antimony chloride— Antimony tri-

chloride— Butter of antimony. — Dissolve purified black antimony in
hydrochloric acid and apply heat. Evaporate and crystallize.
Colourless crystals. On addition of water it decomposes into
hydrochloric acid and basic antimony oxychloride or Algaroth powder.

Liquor Antimonii Chloridi — Solution of chloride of antimony.
— Dissolve chloride of antimony in hydrochloric acid. A heavy
liquid of a yellow colour. Sp. Gr. 1-47.

Actions and uses. — Caustic and escharotic ; it does not cause much
pain. Applied to cancer, to poisoned wounds and to bites from
snakes, &c.

Antimonii Oxidum, B.P. — Antimonious oxide. Decompose
antimonious chloride with water and then treat with sodium carbo-
nate; oxide of antimony and chloride of sodium are formed. Wash
and dry the precipitate. A greyish-white powder, without odour or
taste, nearly insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Readily
dissolved in hydrochloric or tartaric acid. Dose — 1 to 2 grs.

Preparation. — Pulvis Antimonialis — Antimonial powder, B.P. — A
substitute for James’ powder (it contains oxide of antimony iin
calcium phosphate 2). Dose — 3 to 6 grs.

Actions and uses. — Laxative, expectorant, diaphoretic and emetic*
like tartarated antimony, being less irritating but less active. Given
in fevers and inflammatory diseases, catarrhal affections and chronic
skin diseases.

Antimonium Sulphuratum, B.P.— Sulphurated antimony, Ker-
mes mineral — a mixture of antimony sulphides with oxides and
sulphur.

ANTIMONIUM TARTARATUM, B.P.

244

Habitat. — China, Cornwall, Saxony, Borneo, Vizianagram.

Vernacular . — Eng.- — Kermes Mineral ; Arab.- — Ismad , Kohal ; Beng.
— Surma ; Burm. — Tay-lak-youk ; Can,— Anjena; Duk. — Anjan ,

Surma; Guz. — Surmo , Kuhl-anjan ; Hind. — Anjan , Surme-ka-pathar ;
Malay. — Kinang ; Pers. — Surmah ; Sans. — Anjanam , Saumra ; Tam.
— Anjanamai ; Tel. — Nilanjanam , Katuka.

Maymfacture. — Boil together antimonious sulphide and sublimed
sulphur in a solution of caustic soda and strain, then add diluted
sulphuric acid, wash and dry the precipitate. An orange or dull red
powder, without odour, and of a slight metallic taste ; insoluble in
water, readily dissolved by caustic potash or sodium hydroxide,
also by hot hydrochloric acid when hydrogen sulphide is evolved
and sulphur separated. Dose — 1 to 2 grs. It is an ingredient in
the preparation of Plummer’s pills. — Pilula hydrargyri subchloridi
composita, containing sulphurated antimony 1 oz., mercurous chloride
1 oz., guaiacum resin 2 ozs., castor oil 180 grs., alcohol 1 dr. Dose
— 4 to 8 grs.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, diaphoretic and emetic ; used in
secondary syphilis, chronic cutaneous eruptions, glandular swellings,
and also in chronic rheumatism. Native hakims apply it to the
eyelids and eyebrows.

Antimonium Tartaratum, B.P. — Syn. — Antimonii et potassii
tartras, tartar emetic, antimony and potassium tartarate Mix
together antimonious oxide and a solution of acid potassium tar-
trate ; evaporate and crystallize. — Colourless, transparent small
crystals or granular powder of sweet, slightly disagreeable metallic
taste and without odour, soluble in cold water (1 in 17), in boiling
water (1 in 3), almost insoluble in alcohol. Dose — As a diapho-

retic to J of a grain ; as an emetic 1 to 2 grs. As a depressant
Y to 1 gr.

Preparations. — Vinum Antimoniale, B.P.- — Syn. — Antimonial wine
(2 grains to a fluid ounce of sherry). Dose — 10 to 30 ms. An
ingredient in the preparation of mistura glycyrrhizae composita.
U nguentum Antimonii Tartarati — Tartar emetic ointment 1 in 5.
Syrupus scillae compositus. Dose*— 5 to 60 ms. Contains 1 gr. of
tartar emetic to 1 oz., with squill, senega, &c.

Physiological action. — Antiphlogistic, diaphoretic, expectorant, eme-
tic, general cardiac and vascular depressant. In small doses
it stimulates the mucous membranes, the bronchial and salivary

STANNUM.

245

glands, the liver, stomach, pancreas and intestines. In large doses
it is an irritant poison, causing nausea, vomiting, rice-coloured stools
simulating cholera, prostration, cyanosis, delirium, coma, motor
and sensory paralysis, collapse and death. When swallowed, it con-
stringes the throat and the fauces, causing aphthous sores and
difficult deglutition. It is a protoplasmic poison. It lessens oxygena-
tion of blood, lowers the blood pressure, and reduces the body
temperature. Owing to its irritant action it causes inflammation of
the skin follicles, leading to papular, vesicular and finally pustular
eruptions, the pustules resembling those of small-pox.

Therapeutics . — As an antiphlogistic it is given in doses of ^ to ^
gr. in febrile and inflammatory affections, in acute oedema of the
lungs, in broncho-pneumonia, meningitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis,
croup and whooping cough ; also in hepatitis, acute rheumatism, &c.
It produces copious perspiration and lowers- the pulse. It is an
effectual remedy in evacuating the stomach when in an overloaded
state. In puerperal peritonitis and in orchitis it is a valuable
remedy. In small and oft-repeated doses it has a tendency to
produce relaxation of muscular system and the respiratory mucous
membrane, and hence given in infantile catarrh following cold or
moisture. Owing to its action on the muscular system and before
the discovery of chloroform it was used in the reduction of dislo-
cation, and of hernia, and for the relaxation of rigid os during
delivery. Externally the ointment acts as a counter-irritant, causing
pustular eruptions, and is used over diseased joints, in head affec-
tions as acute meningitis, over the chest in chronic bronchitis,
asthma, phthisis, and the spine in paralysis.

Stannum— Tin. (

Vernacular. — Arab. — Kasdin , Rassas , Abruz ; Beng. — Bang Banga ;
Burm. — Khai-ma-phyn ; Chin. — Yangdech ; Cing. — Sudu-iyam ; Duk.
— Katthil ; Guz. — Kalai ; Hind. — Kathai , Kathal, Ranga ; Mar^ — -
Katoi ; Malay. — Timah, Kalang ; Pers. — Urziz ; Sans. — Ranga, Tra-
pu ; Tam. — Tagaram ; Tel. — Vendi Sisam ; Maleal. — Falagh.

Rarely met with in a free state, found as oxide as native plates, or
tin stone or in combination with sulphur as sulphide.

To obtain it, heat tin stone with charcoal. A bluish white metal
of silver-like appearance, sparingly ductile.

Preparation. — Banga bhashm or tin ashes, Vangashwer Rasa.

Bang Bhasm. — Melt tin foils over a fire in a crucible containing a
compound powder of Aghada bija, Amali, Ajamoda and Silajita

246

AURUM — GOLD.

till the whole is converted into ashes. When cool add Haratala in
quantity equal to that of the ashes. Triturate the whole in the
juice of lime. Roast the paste and calcine. Dose — 2 to 6 grs.

Vangashwer Rasa. — A compound powder, containing tin bhasma
2 ; Para kajali, 2 ; silver leaves, Rupa varakha, 2 ; gold leaves, sona
varakha, \ ; mica, 2 ; Bhima Seni kapura, 2 ; Pearls, ■£. Mix and
make a powder. Dose — 2 to 6 grs.

It is a very popular medicine with vayids. They regard it as aphro-
disiac, alterative, tonic, and vermifuge. The compound powder
is used as a diuretic, chiefly in urinary disorders and painful micturi-
tion. In diabetes it is given in combination with Tendi-mula and other
alteratives and tonics ; and as a vermifuge in tape worms. In gonor-
rhoea and asthma it is highly recommended. As a powerful aphro-
disiac it is given with other nervine tonics, in seminal debility, and is
also given in epilepsy, chorea, &c.

AURUM— GOLD.

Met with in a metallic state in combination with other metals.
Sometimes as sulphide.

Vernacular. — Arab. — Zahab ; Guz. — Sonum ; Hind. — Sona; Mah. —
Sona; Malay. — Amas , Kanchana ; Sans. — Suvarnam ; Beng. — Sonar ;
Burm. — Shue-Saku ; Can. — Bengarad ; Cing. — Ran-ta-hadu; Duk. —
Suneri-tagat ; Maieal. — Tongarekha ; Pers. — Zar ; Tam. — Ponnoo ; Tel.
— Bangarroo.

Gold has a metallic lustre and reddish yellow colour. It is very
ductile and softer than silver, soluble only in nitro-muriatic acid.

Used as gold leaf. To prepare it, beat gold into extremely thin
leaves. Dose — ^ to ^ of a grain.

Powdered gold — Triturate gold leaf with sugar of milk (1 in 10) or
with potassium sulphate. Dose — J to J gr.

Gold Bhasm. — Vernacular — Guz. — Sonani Kkak , Sonani-matra ;
Hind. — Guldast. Dose — jq to J of a grain. Prepared by the usual
process, used for the preparation of mineral ashes. Make a paste
of parakajali and sublimed sulphur, equal parts, with the juice of
kanchana chhala, to this add gold leaf and roast it on fire. Dose —

to \ gr-

Preparation. — Compound pill known as Suvarna Vasant Malti.
Mix gold leaf 1, pearl 2, hingalo 3, kal khaparo 8. Triturate in
lime-juice and make a pill mass. Dose — 4 t° 1 gr. Used in impo-
tence.

AURI BROMIDUM.

247

Physiological action . — Gold and its salts are alterative, resolvent
nervine tonic, emmenagogue and aphrodisiac. In small and medi-
cinal doses it stimulates the activity of the stomach and of the
secreting organs as the skin and kidneys, causing diaphoresis and
diuresis. It also excites menstrual flow in women and sexual appetite
in men. In large doses it is an irritant poison, setting up gastro-
enteritis with convulsions, cramps, insensibility and great restlessness.
Therapeutics. — Given in nervous dyspepsia and amenorrhcea, in
chronic metritis with scanty menstruation, in sterility and in habitual
abortion. As an alterative it is given in chronic Bright’s disease,
in syphilis where mercury and iodide of potassium have failed, and in
strumous affections as scrofula. It is also given in vertigo, migraine,
habitual inebriety, chorea, hysteria, suicidal mania, hypochondriasis,
&c., or like phosphorus to increase mental vigour. In ascites, ovarian
dropsy, in nervous dyspepsia with pain in the stomach after food,
in duodenal catarrh, jaundice, salts of gold' are given with advan-
tage. The natives generally administer gold leaf with betel leaf
and other aphrodisiacs ; sometimes gold ash is given in the juice of
Bhangaro to stimulate virile powers. Suvarna Vasanta Malti is given
in impotence. Externally the salts of gold are applied either in
solution or in substance. They cause local irritation and even act as
an escharotic. They are useful applications in fistula, haemorrhoids,
warts, putrid ulcers and foetid sores.

Auri Bromidum — Auric Bromide — Bromide of Gold. A dark
brown non-deliquescent powder, or a friable yellow grey mass,
soluble in water and in ether. Dose — ^ to ^ gr. increased to
s gr-

Actions and uses.— Auri bromidum is sedative, anti-epileptic, better
borne than other bromides, given in epilepsy, migraine and other
nervous affections as hysteria ; also in amenorrhoea and chronic
Bright’s disease.

Liquor Auri et Hydrargyri Bromidi — Contains auric bromide
1^ gr. , mercuric bromide 1^ gr., aqua 1 oz. Dose — 5 to 10 ms.

Liquor Auri et Arsenii Bromidi — Contains auric bromide i-£ gr.,
oxybromide of arsenic 3 grs. to 1 oz. of water. Dose — 5 to

10 ms.

Used hypodermically or in solution.

Physiological action. — Alterative, acting upon the glandular
system. It improves the quality of blood by increasing the amount
of haemoglobin and the number of red corpuscles. Therapeutics. —
Given in epilepsy, diabetes, sclerosis of the liver and lungs, in

248

AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM.

senile and atheromatous degenerations, and in neurotic diseases.
In fibroid phthisis, in locomotor ataxia and in syphilis it is said to
be particularly serviceable.

Auri, Arsenii et Hydrargyri Bromidi — Gold, arsenic and mercury
bromide, also known as mercauro. Mix together bromide of gold,
bromide of arsenic and bromide of mercury. Used as liquor auri,
arseni et hydrargyri bromidi. Contains jg of each salt in 10 ms.
Dose — 5 to 10 ms.

Actions and uses. — Tonic given in anaemia, as an alterative and
antisyphilitic in syphilis.

Aurii et Potassii Bromidum. — A fine powder, readily soluble in
water. Dose — J to § gr.

Used hypodermically or in pills. As an anti-epileptic it is given
in hysteria, epilepsy, &c.

Auri Chloridi — Gold chloride — Perchloride of gold. Terchloride
of gold. — Add gold to nitrohydrochloric acid. Evaporate. Deli-
quescent, crystalline masses or needle-shaped prisms, of a brown
colour ; soluble in water, alcohol and ether. Dose — ^ to ^ Gf a

grain. Used as pill or solution.

Actions and uses. — Anti-tubercular and alterative. Given in tuber-
cular diseases, phthisis, &c.

Auric Cyanide — Gold Tricyanide — Hygroscopic plates, colourless ;
soluble in water, alcohol. Dose — ^ to ^2 a grain.

Aurous Cyanide — Gold Monocyanide. Crystalline powder, of a
yellow colour. Insoluble in water, alcohol or ether. ^ to ^ of a
grain.

Actions and uses. — Both are anti-tubercular, given in tuberculosis.
Aurous Iodide. — Greenish powder, soluble in acids. Dose — ^ to
y j of a grain hypodermically.

Actions and uses. — Alterative ; given in scrofula, tuberculosis, &c.

Auri et sodii Chloridum — Gold and sodium chloride. Dissolve
gold leaf in hydrochloric and nitric acids and add solution of sodium
chloride. It contains 50 per cent, of pure gold. Slightly deliques-
cent orange, yellow powder without any odour and of a metallic
taste, soluble in water (1 in 2), partially so in alcohol. Its solution
is decomposed by exposure to light. Dose — ^ to tV gr^n*

Actions and uses. — Alterative, resolvent and nervine tonic given in
hysteria, and in syphilis when mercury or iodide of potassium have
failed. It averts ten 'ency to habitual abortion. Excellent results

RUBIDIUM.

249

follow its use in nervous depressions as in melancholia, hypochon-
driasis, &c. Locally, it causes irritation and acts as an escharotic.
Hypodermic injection of its solution with potassium cyanide in
gr. to T^o grain each is useful in lupus.

Rubidium. — The salts of this metal resemble those of ammonium,
potassium and sodium in therapeutic actions, but are more powerful
as anti-epileptics.

Rubidii Bromidum. — Octohedron crystals, soluble in water
(1 in 1), of a saline taste. Dose — 5 to 30 grs. Used as sedative, in
epilepsy.

Rubidii Ammonii Bromidum. — Rubidium ammonium bromide. —
White or yellowish white powder or granular crystals ; readily
soluble in water. Dose — 90 grains daily. Sedative, hypnotic
and anti-epileptic like ammonium bromide, but more powerful.
Given in epilepsy.

Rubidii Iodidum. — Colourless cubic crystals, odourless, and of a
bitter saltish taste, soluble in water (1 in less than 1). Dose — 5 to
20 grs.

Physiological action. — Alterative, tolerated better than potassium
iodide, being less irritant and less depressant of the heart; it does
not derange digestion. Therapeutic uses. — Given in syphilitic rheu-
matism. As eye drops (5 p. c.) it is valuable in chronic parenchy-
matous inflammation of the eye.

Osmium. — Obtained from osmiridium and platinum residues.
A black powder. When in a finely divided state, it is highly com-
bustible.

Acidum Osmicum — Osmic acid — Perosmic acid — Hyperosmic acid
— Osmium tetroxide. Heat osmium in a current of oxygen gas.
Yellow needlelike crystals, softening like wax. The vapour is
highly irritating and pungent to the eyes and nose, causing inflam-
mation of the conjunctiva. The taste acrid and burning. Soluble in
water (1 in 50), but decomposing when in contact with alcohol and
ether.

Preparation. — Liquor acidi osmici (1 per cent.) Dose — 2 to 10 ms.
Potassium osmate, a dark red crystalline powder soluble in water.
Dose — of a grain.

Actions and uses. — Anti-neuralgic, discutient and anti-epileptic. The
solution of osmic acid or of potassium osmate is used hypodermically
32

250

TELLURIUM.

for muscular rheumatism, sciatica, peripheral neuralgia, goitre, and
strumous glands. As a discutient it is applied externally to
tumours. Potassium osmate is given in epilepsy, also in neuralgia
and goitre along with or alternating with bromide of potassium.

Tellurium. — A brittle metal found associated with gold, silver,
lead and bismuth.

Habitat . — H un gary .

Extracted from the bismuth-sulphotelluride ore. Fuse the ore
with sodium carbonate made into paste with oil. Sodium telluride
and sodium sulphide are produced and metallic bismuth is set free.
Dissolve the whole in water and expose the filtrate to air. Sodium
and sulphur oxidise and form sodium hydrate, and thiosulphate and
tellurium are set free. Tellurium when slowly cooled forms two
oxides — tellurous and telluric acids. With alkaline metal it forms
alkaline tellurates.

Potassii Telluras. Potassium Tellurate. — Dissolve telluric acid
and potassium carbonate in hot water. A fine powder, soluble in
water. Dose— J gr. pill. Used as a remedy for night sweats in
phthisis.

Plumbum, B.P. — Lead — It never occurs free in nature, but is
met generally as sulphide (galena) rarely as oxide (minium) or as
carbonate (white lead).

Vernacular. — Arab. — Ressas , Anuk ; Beng. — Sisa ; Bomb. — Sisun ;
Burm. — Khai-pok ; Chin — Hek-Yusen ; Heh-^eh ; Can. — Shisa ;
Guz. — Katun Sishu ; Hind. — Sisa ; Mah. — Shish ; Malyal. — Tismah -
itam ; Pers. — Anuk, Surb ; Sans. — Naga, Sis aka ; Tam .—Iyam,
Elurn ; Tel. — Sheshamu.

Roast native sulphide (galena) or heat native sulphide with iron.
The natives prepare it by melting the sulphide in a crucible, then
dropping the melted liquid through a hole into a vessel containing
decoction of triphala or in the milky juice of akada ; when cool, it is
said to be purified lead. Bluish gray, soft, flexible metal very malle-
able and slightly tenacious, freely soluble in nitric acid.

Sisa bhashma or Naga bhashma — Lead ash. Reduce lead and
calcine it with mansil (sulphide of arsenic). Then add the juice of
nagarvel and rub into a fine powder. Dose — ^ to 2 grs.

Physiological action. — Metallic lead is inert. Taken into the
stomach it is converted into a soluble salt by the action of the acid
gastric secretions. Absorbed into the blood, lead is converted into
an albuminate. It is slowly excreted and found in the urine, sweat,

PLUMBI ACETAS, B.P.

251

bile and milk. Therapeutics . — Sisan bhashma is astringent. Used
by the natives in cough with profuse expectoration, also in night
sweats. It is given with benefit in chronic diarrhoea and other
chronic discharges as leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea and excessive suppura-
tion also in ulceration of the stomach in menorrhagia and other inter-
nal haemorrhages as haemoptysis, haematemesis, &c. As an astrin-
gent it is given in colliquative sweats, sometimes to check excessive
sputum as in bronchorrhoea, chronic bronchitis, whooping cough and
phthisis ; also employed with benefit in aneurism of the aorta,
hypertrophy of the heart and in epilepsy. In caseous pneumonia
it is given with digitalis and opium. Externally as a sedative and
astringent an ointment is used for excoriations, contusions, sprains,
skin diseases accompanied with irritation, &c.; as a suppository it is
used in haemorrhage from the rectum as well to soothe the irritation
of piles.

plumbi Acetas, B-P.— Syn. — Lead Acetate. Saccharum Saturni.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Sugar of Lead ; Burm. — Yuen Shivang.

To prepare it, dissolve lead oxide or lead carbonate in acetic acid
and evaporate, or act upon lead sheets with the fumes of vinegar.
Slightly efflorescent white spongy masses or colourless shining
prisms or plates, of an acetous odour and a sweet astringent metallic
taste. Soluble in cold water (1 in 2*3), boiling water (1 in 0*5),
in cold alcohol, (1 in 30) and in boiling alcohol (1 in 1). Dose — 1 to
5 grs*

Preparations. — Pilula Plumbi cum Opio, B.P. (4 grs. contain
about 3 grs. of lead acetate and \ gr. of powdered opium.) Dose — 2
to 4 grs. Suppositoria Plumbi Composita, B.P. (3 grs. of the lead
acetate and 1 gr. of opium in each). Unguentum Plumbi Acetatis,
B.P. (1 in 25).

Physiological action. — In large doses it is emetic, also gastroin-
testinal irritant. It gives rise to extreme nervous depression leading
to paralysis of the extensors of the fore-arms known as drop-wrist.
In extreme cases it leads to mental failure, coma, and collapse. In
small doses it and other lead salts are astringent. They lessen the
secretions, depress motor contractile power, impair the cardiac and
respiratory functional activity and destroy the red corpuscles in the
blood, producing anaemia and great wasting. In the intestines they
are converted into sulphides and excreted as such. If taken for a
long time, they give rise to symptoms of chronic lead-poisoning known
as plumbism. These symptoms are found in those who drink water
impregnated with lead by being conveyed through lead pipes, or who

252

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS, B.P.

work for a very long time in the smelting of lead ores, or as painters,
or in the preparation of hair dye, &c. The principal symptoms are
loss of appetite, emaciation, pallor of the face, constipation or watery
motions, feeble heart, a species of colic known as lead or painter’s
colic, a peculiar blue line on the gums or bluish blotches on the
mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue and albuminuria. Occa-
sionally there may be aphonia, vertigo, headache, stupor and convul-
sions. Abortion occurs and may be due to its toxic effect on the
foetus or to the violent contraction of the uterine muscles. Therapeu-
tics.— Acetate of lead is a sedative astringent and hasmostatic. As a
stypic it is used combined with opium in diarrhoea and in later stages
of dysentery with ulcerations.

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Fortis, B.P. — Strong solution of
lead subacetate — Goulard’s extract.

Boil together acetate of lead 5 ounces, oxide of lead 3^ ounces, in
distilled water to make 20 fluid ounces, or to bring it to the specific
gravity of 1*275. A clear colourless liquid of a sweet astringent
taste and without any odour, and of an alkaline reaction. It con-
tains 24 per cent, of subacetate of lead. Precipitates on the addition
of acacia.

Preparation. — Glycerinum Plumbi Subacetatis, B.P. — Same strength
as the Goulard’s extract, with glycerin in place of water. Sp. gr.

1*48.

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus, B.P. — Syn. — Diluted solution
of subacetate of lead. Goulard’s lotion or Goulard water (1 of the
strong solution in 80).

Unguentum Glycerini Plumbi Subacetatis, B.P. (1 of glycerin
of subacetate of lead to paraffin ointment, white, 5) .

Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. — Goulard’s cerate, cerate of lead
subacetate, 1 to 4 of camphor cerate.

Plumbi Stearas. — A white powder containing subacetate of lead,
curd soap, kaolin and starch.

Actions and uses. — The solution is local astringent and sedative,
extensively used in skin diseases, as eczema, impetigo, lichen, ery-
thema, also in muco-purulent discharge from the ear, urethra or
vagina. As a sedative it is used in the form of injection in gonor-
rhoea and leucorrhoea and as a lotion to all swollen and inflamed
parts. Plumbi Stearas is used as a dusting powder in eczema, diluted
with kaolin or starch.

Plumbi Carbonas, B. P. — Lead hydroxy-carbonate, lead car-
bonate.

253

PLUMBI IODIDUM, B.P.

Vernacular . — Eng. — White Lead , Flake White Lead ; Arab. — Isfeddj ;
B e n g. — Sopheda ; Bar. — Khema-phin ; Chin. — Peh-feu , Fen-sih ;

Can. — Sisa Bhasma ; Duk. — Sufedah ; Guz. — Sapeto , Safeda ; Hind. —
Safeda ; Mar. — Sapeta ; Malyal. — Timaputih ; Pers. — Isfedab ; Sans.
— Nag Bhasma ; Tam. — Velliyya ; Tel. — Shish ; Malay. — Timaputih.

Suspend sheets of lead over the vapours of heated vinegar and of
carbonic acid gas. Another mode. — Obtained by a double decompo-
sition of lead nitrate with sodium carbonate. A soft heavy white
opaque powder without any odour or taste. Insoluble in water and
alcohol, soluble with effervescence in dilute acetic acid.

Used as unguentum plumbi carbonatis, B.P., ointment of lead
carbonate. Carbonate of lead i and paraffin ointment, white, g.

Actions and uses. — Local, sedative and astringent like other salts
of lead, only used externally to protect irritated surfaces as in
erysipelas, intertrigo, &c. ; the ointment is used over the unbroken
skin in swollen and inflamed parts and excoriations.

Remarks. — Sapeti should not be confounded with safeda or safeto.
What is known as sapeti , is not a preparation of lead, but a prepa-
ration of hydrargiri oxidum rubrum, which is also known in the
bazaar by the name of sipichanda.

Plumbi Iodidum, B.P. — Syn. — Lead iodide — Precipitated lead
iodide. — Obtained by decomposing solution of lead acetate or lead
nitrate with potassium iodide. Heavy, bright, yellow golden powder
without odour or taste, sparingly soluble in cold water (i in 2,000)
and in boiling water 1 in 200. entirely soluble in solution of ammo-
nium chloride. Dose — 1 to 4 grs.

Used as unguentum plumbi iodidi, B.P. (1 in 10) with paraffin
ointment, yellow. Emplastrum Plumbi Iodidi, B.P. (1 in 10).

Actions and uses. — Resolvent. Externally used as an application to
enlarged joints, to tubercular, scrofulous and other enlarged lym-
phatic glands, to reduce malarial enlarged spleen, to congested
os, also to chronic eczema, psoriasis, &c., and to promote the healing
of ulcers. It communicates a yellow stain to the skin.

Plumbi Nitras. — Syn. — Lead nitrate — Nitras (Azotas) Plumbicus.
Dissolve oxide or carbonate of lead in diluted nitric acid. Colour-
less, opaque, octohedron crystals, without any odour and of a sweetish
astringent metallic taste. Soluble in water (1 in 2), insoluble in
alcohol. Dose — £ to £ gr. Used as paste, lotion, injection.
Ledoyan’s disinfecting fluid (1 in 8).

254

PLUMBI OXIDUM, B. P.

Actions and uses. — Not given internally. Externally, discutient,
deodorizer, used to remove or correct the foetor of offensive dis-
charges from the ear, nose and from gangrenous sores. A lotion
(30 grs. to a fluid ounce of water) is used for sore or fissured nipples,
for excoriations and cracked hands. The powder is dusted for
ulcerated onychia, in epithelioma, &c. An injection (10 grs. to 1 oz.)
is given in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea, also as a deodorizer in ozoena^
gangrenous sores, &c.

Plumbi Oxidum, B.P. — Lead oxide.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Flowers of Lead , Litharge ; Arab. — Murdd
Sang ; Beng. — Murdar Sing ; Can. — Mudadarshingi ; Duk. — Murdd
Sing ; Guz. — Murdad Sing , Bodara Kakaro, Bodara Patharo ; Hind. —
Murdar Singh; Malyal. — Mudar Sinka ; Pers. — Murda Sang ;
Tam. — Mudar Shingu ; Tel. — Mudar Singy.

Obtained by the action of heated air on melted lead or by heating
lead ores containing silver. Heavy scales of a pale-yellowish red
colour. It resembles mica (abraka) very much in appearance. It
is without odour or taste. Insoluble in alcohol and nearly so in
water. Completely soluble in dilute nitric acid and in acetic acid.
Oleatum Plumbi — 20 per cent, solution of lead oxide in oleic acid.
Emplastrum Plumbi, B. P. — Lead plaster — Litharge plaster — Diachy-
lon plaster (1 in 3). Oxide of lead 1 pound, olive oil, 2 pounds,
water 16 ounces. Is white, pliable, and tenacious ; soluble in warm
oil of turpentine.

Preparation of lead plaster. Unguentum Diachyli, Hebra’s Dya-
chylon, or lead ointment, contains lead plaster 50, olive oil 49
and oil of lavander flowers 1. It is also contained in emplastrum
hydrargyri, emplastrum resinae, emplastrum saponis. Compound
native ointment. — Boil cera flava and add bodar kakro, catechu
(katho), khad mati equal parts, allow it to cool and then add
sessamum oil (Tila tela) and Borneo camphor (Barasa kapur). Used
as plaster.

Actions and uses. — Local astringent and sedative. The plaster is
used as a protective to wounds and ulcers. In the form of lotion
with rose water or with vinegar it is used to allay irritation in
prickly heat, in erysipelatous patches, freckles, &c. The oleate
arrests morbid discharges, allays irritation and itching of eczema.
It is useful in lichen and in hard indurated papules, in acne of
the face and back. In burns, cracks and fissures on palms, and
on abraded surfaces the addition of oil of cade (1 to 4) succeeds well.
In scabies, sulphur combined with plumbi oleas 8, is an excellent

PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM.

255

preparation. With caustic potash it is applied as a caustic to warts
of the glans, penis and vagina and to condylomata. The emplas-
trum prevents bed sores.

Plumbi Oxidum Rubrum — Red oxide of lead.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Red Lead, Munium ; Arab. — Isrenj ; Beng. —
Sbndur ; Burm. — TT sang ; Chin. — Yen-tan, Chu-fen ; Can. — Shindura ;
Duk. — Senddr ; Hind. — Sendur, Ingur ; Guz. — Sindhur ; Malyal. —
Tamarnerd , Galang-gam , Chinturam ; Pers. — Stir anj Sang ; Sans. —
Sinduraha, Naga Sambhava ; Tam. — Saggapu, Sindurana ; Tel. —
Yerra Sendur am.

Obtained by heating massicot to a very high temperature — bright
orange-red, granular crystalline powder ; on applying more heat
it becomes redder than purple and finally black.

Black lead plaster — Kalo Malama. — Sindura, afima, gandhaka,
mithun-tela equal parts. Boil the whole over a fire till it becomes
black. To this add kapura and wax, stir them uniformly and make
an ointment or plaster.

Red lead plaster — Lala Malama. — Add mithun-tela 20 to sindura
10, and heat till the mass becomes red. To this is gradually added

kapura and wax and stirred, when the whole forms a uniform mass.

\

Actions and uses. — Local stimulant used extensively by the natives
to promote maturation of boils and abscesses and the healing pro-
cesses in all kinds of ulcers and wounds ; used also in certain skin
diseases as eczema, pustular eruptions, &c.

Cuprum, B.P. — Copper.

Vernacular'. Eng. — Copper; Arab. — Ne/iass ; Burm. — Kyani ; Chin.
— Chi-tung , Tare-jen-tung. — Guz. — Trambun Tamba ; Hind. — Tama;
Malay. — Tambaga ; Pers. — Miss; Sans. — Tamra, Tamraka ; Tam. —
Shembu; Tel. — T amber am , Raggi.

Found extensively free in the mineral kingdom. Also in various
combinations as sulphide in copper pryites and copper glance, as
carbonate, phosphate, and arseniate ; with oxygen, as cuprous or red
oxide and as cupric or black oxide. Metallic copper wire and copper
foil or turnings are officinal. A brilliant sonorous ductile metal of a
red colour. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Its chief
solvent is nitric acid.

Copper Bhashma.

Vernacular : Guz. — Tamra bhashma ; Sans. — Tambra bhashma.

256

CUPRI SUBACETAS.

Rub together mercury ^ and sulphur 2, in the juice of Akado
(Calotropis Gigantea), add old copper coins and submit it to processes
of oxidation and calcination. Dose — \ to 1 grain.

Actions and uses. — Sedative, alterative. The natives use it in com-
bination with aconite and the juice of stramonium leaves in epilepsy,
gout and rheumatism ; also in chronic skin diseases, leprosy, asthma,
chronic diarrhoea and gonorrhoea.

Cupri Subacetas. Syn. — Subacetate of copper.

Vernacular : Eng. — Verdigris , ZErugo ; Arab. — Zangura ; Burm.
— Theng Twa ; Guz. — Jangala ; Hind. — Pitra ; Malay. — Sevan

Paibembaga ; Mar. — Jangala ; Pers. — Zangar ; Sans. — Jangalapacha ;
T am . — Vangalapatchi.

Sheets of copper are kept in contact with grape husks or tamarind
pulp for weeks together when during fermentation copper becomes
oxidized and combines with acetic acid formed by grape sugar.
This combination is scraped off and dried in the sun. Powder or
masses of bluish-green or pale-green colour containing many silky
crystals, of a coppery taste ; partially soluble in water, insoluble in
alcohol.

Actions and uses. — Local, stimulant and escharotic, used as an
application for indolent ulcers, warts, chancres and for chronic tuber-
culous growths in powder or mixed with honey or vinegar under
the name of linimentum ^Eruginis.

Cupri Acetas. — Copper acetate. — Dissolve verdigris in acetic acid.
Another method. — Precipitate solution of acetate of lead with copper
sulphate. Efflorescent, colourless, deep-green prisms or crystals,
without any odour and of nauseating metallic taste. Soluble in
water 1 in 15, alcohol 1 in 135. Dose — \ to ^ gr. Solution
1 per cent.

Actions and uses. — Alterative. Given in skin diseases, scrofula,
epilepsy. Locally used in apthous ulcers ; as injection in gonorrhoea.

Cupro-hsemolum— Cupro-hsemol.— A dark chocolate-coloured
powder, containing haemol with 2 per cent, of metallic copper. Dose
— 2 to 8 grs.

Actions and uses. — Given in tuberculosis, scrofula, nervous diseases.
It is given to increase the quantity of haemoglobin in the blood.
It also increases the weight of the body.

Silicate of copper and sulphate of aluminum with iron and zinc.

CUPRI ARSENIS.

257

Vernacular. — Eng. — Azure Stone ; Guz. and Hind. — Lazavarde Lag -
burd ; Malay. — Lazwardi ; Portguese — Lapis Verde; Ancients — Lapis
Lazuli.

A crystalline stone, very hard, of a rich blue colour, matted here
and there with thin scales of abraka ; used as collyrium.

Actions aud uses. — Astringent, used as collyrium in eye diseases.
In native practice it is used as an ingredient in purgative powders
and in other compounds.

Cupri Arsenis— Copper arsenite — Pure Scheele’s green. A pale-
green powder, used in cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever, &c.
Dose — -[xhj to is gr‘

Cuprum Alliminatum — Lapis Divinus.— Fuse equal parts of
alum, copper sulphate and potassium nitrate with camphor ^ part.

Cupri Sulphas, B.P. — Cupric sulphate.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Blue Stone, Blue Vitriol , Sulphate of Copper ;
Arab. — Zangbor Kalakanda ; Beng,. — Tutia ; Burm. — Dok-ta-tsha ;
Chin. — Sheb-tan Taufan ; Cing. — Pilmanicum ; Guz. — Marathuthu ;
Hind. — Mortuth , Nila- tutia ; Pe r s . — Zah e-sab-za ; Sans.1 — Tuthany
Shikhi Kantha ; Tam. — Turushu , Nila-tutam ; Tel. — Turishu.

Morathuthuis a corruption of Mohora-i-Tuti, which means par-
rot’s stone. Shikhi Kantha — Shiki (a peacock) and kanth (the neck)
— an allusion to the colour of the peacock’s neck resembling the
colour of blue stone.

Found in nature in the water of copper mines. Prepared by the
action of sulphuric acid on copper or on cupric oxide and water. An-
other mode — Fuse copper pyritis, dissolve in hot water, evaporate
and crystallize. Large crystals or blue triclinic prisms without any
odour, and of a styptic metallic taste, soluble in cold water (1 in 3‘5)
and very soluble in glycerine ; nearly insoluble in alcohol. Dose —
as an astringent, ^ to 2 grs. ; as an emetic, 5 to 10 grs.; as an in-
jection, 2 to 10 grs. in an ounce. Used as solution, injection, sticks
and pastiles.

Cupri Oleas — Copper Oleate. Prepared by double decomposition of
a hot solution of copper sulphate 3 in 8 of water, added to a hot
solution of soap 8 in 32 of water and drying the precipitate. A dark-
green unctuous mass ; used as a plaster for warts, corns, &c.
Unguentum Cupri Oleatis.— Oleate of copper 1, petroleum cerate 4.
Melt and make ointment with vaseline.

Physiological action. — Copper and its salts are highly irritant. The
inhalation of cuprous fumes or eating fruits cooked in a copper

33

258

BISMUTHUM,

vessel gives rise to gastro-intestinal irritation. If slowly taken an!
fora long time as in the case of workers in brass foundry, it often
causes nausea, vomiting, colic, diarrhoea, gastric or bronchial catarrh,
and great emaciation ; very often a fit of ague sets in followed by pro-
fuse sweats and chills. It gives rise to gout, chronic nephritis, and
progressive loss of motor power over the limbs. In chronic cases
there is found a green line of sulphide along the margin of the gums
and increased flow of saliva. They give rise to a coppery taste in the
mouth, nausea with green vomiting, purging of blood and mucous
with depression of the heart and respiration. In some cases
severe headache, want of co-ordination, coma and convulsions
occur. The liver becomes atrophied, and the lungs get congested
and consolidated.

Cupri sulphas in one large dose is a prompt and efficient emetic
producing vomiting without nausea or depression. In minute doses
it is a nervine tonic and gastro-intestinal astringent. Its effect on
the mucous membranes is to diminish secretions. Externally in a
solid form it is an escharotic or a mild caustic and styptic, and
in solution a local astringent and stimulant. Therapeutics. — Given
in acute diarrhoea and in the later stages of dysentery. Sulphate
of copper is a decided nervine tonic and given in epilepsy, chorea,
in general nervous debility, hysteria and facial neuralgia. In
large doses it is used in poisoning by narcotics and in pseudo-
membranous croup after the membrane has become loosened.
Externally, as styptic and caustic, solid sulphate is applied to
apthous and corneal ulcers, cancrum oris, chancres and to indolent
granulations as in the eye-lids. As an escharotic it is rubbed for
some time on warts, fungoid growths, &c. As a lotion ^ gr. to one
ounce it is used for weak, indolent ulcers, to lessen excessive dis-
charges from the eye, vagina, urethra, in gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea
and in purulent ophthalmia. Copper pastilles when burnt destroy
bugs, mosquitoes and fleas. Unguentum cupri oleas is a parasiticide
and a local stimulant, used for ringworm, eczema, tinea and for
indolent ulcers, warts, corns, for removing freckles, &c. Ointment
of the acetate of copper is applied in eczema and herpes.

Bismuthum, B.P. — Exists free in nature. Found nearly pure in
rocks. In India it is found in one of the ores from antimony mines
near Moulmein in Burmah in combination with silver and in small
quantities in Cashmere.

Bismuthum Purificatum. — Purified Bismuth.— Fuse together
metallic bismuth, cyanide of potassium and sulphur with carbonates
of potasssium and sodium or with nitrate of potash. It is a brilliant

L'lQUOR BISMUTH! UT AM MON II CITRAS.

259

•crystalline metal, very brittle, and of a pinkish or reddish white
colour. It is the basis of the medicinal preparations of bismuth
nnd bismuth salts.

Preparations of bismuth are sedative and slightly astringent,
used as an insufflation in nasal catarrh and as an injection into the
urethra in gonorrhoea. As absorbent their action is increased if
combined with antiseptic organic compounds, such as the
sulphites and salicylates, also napthol, phenol, pyrogallol, bromo-
phenol compounds, &c. Bismuth compounds check the fermentative
processes which form ptomaines, hence valuable in several infectious
diseases and in gastric and intestinal disorders. They do not
interfere with intestinal digestion.

Liquor Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras, B.P. — Syn.— Solution
of Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate. — Dissolve subnitrate of bismuth
7, nitric acid 5, in water, and a solution of potassium citrate 7,
potassium carbonate 2, and boil. Dissolve the precipitate when cold
with ammonia water and add water to make 100.

Each drachm contains 5 grs. of bismuth citrate or 3 grs. of bismuth
oxide.

A colourless solution of a saline metallic taste. Sp. gr. 1*070.
Dose — ^ to 1 drachm.

Actions and uses. — Astringent. More rapid in action and less irri-

tating than other salts of bismuth. It is precipitated in the stomach
by the action of the acid of the gastric juice. It is given in dyspep-
sia, vomiting, pyrosis and diarrhoea due to relaxation of the intestinal
mucous membrane.

Bismuth Benzoas. — Heat together a mixture of benzoic acid
and hydrated oxide of bismuth in water. White tasteless powder,
soluble in mineral acids, insoluble in water ; it contains 27 per cent, of
benzoic acid. Used as dusting powder. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic ; given in gastric and intestinal affec-
tions. Externally like iodoform the powder is applied to wounds.

Bismuth Sub-benzoas. — Heat bismuth nitrate with potassium
nitrate and sodium benzoate, wash the precipitate with alcohol and
dry. A white powder, insoluble in water.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic. A valuable substitute for iodoform
used as a topical application to soft chancre.

26 0

BISMUTHI CARBONAS,

Bismuthi Carbonas, B.P. Syn. — Bismuth oxycarbonate, pearl*
white bismuth carbonate.

Prepared by the action of a solution of ammonium carbonate on a
solution of bismuth nitrate. A whitish powder without any odour
or taste. Insoluble in water and alcohol, but soluble in dilute nitric
acid. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Used as pastillus bismuthi carbonatis, 3 grs. in each ; also with
morphinae acetate, gr. ^ in each. Trochiscus bismuthi compositus,
B.P., contains bismuth carbonate, heavy magnesium carbonate*
each 2 grs. precipitated calcium carbonate 4 grs. for one lozenge.

Actions and uses. — < Astringent and sedative ; given in diarrhoea,
and chronic dysentery ; being very soluble in the secretions of the
stomach, it is less likely to constipate and blacken the stools.

Bismuthi Citras. — Syn. — Bismuth citrate. — Boil together bismuth
subnitrate, citric acid and water, and evaporate. A white amorphous
or crystalline powder without any taste or odour, soluble very
slightly in water. Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Actions and uses . — Stomachic and astringent. The same as those
of bismuth subnitrate, given in vomiting, dyspepsia and diarrhoea with
fever.

Bismuthi et Cerii Salicylas. — A double salt recommended for
intestinal disorders. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Bismuthi Iodopyrogallate. — A fine amorphous yellowish red
powder, insoluble in water.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic. Used in surgical and operative

cases.

Bismuthi Loretinas. — Prepared by a combination of bismuth
and loretin. Dose — 8 grs. Used as desiccant for its drying effect
on wounds. Internally given for diarrhoea of phthisis in the last
stage.

Bismuthi Oleas. — Syn. — Bismuth Oleate, Oleatum Bismuthi. —
By the interaction of a bismuth salt with curd soap. An unctuous
substance.

Actions aiid uses. — Emollient, soothing, astringent and sedative ;
used in piles, for skin eruptions as acne, sycosis and other pustular
eruptions and in sun-burnt face, erysipelas and in gonorrhoea, gleet
and other skin irritations.

BISMUTHI OXIDUM.

26r

Bismuthi Oxidum, B.p. — Bismuth oxide. — Boil subnitrate of
bismuth with solution of soda. A slightly brownish yellow powder,
insoluble in water, soluble in nitric acid. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Astringent and sedative ; given in diarrhoea,
and chronic dysentery with foetid and mucous stools.

Bismuthi Oxybromidum. — A yellowish fine powder. Dose — 5
to 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Chiefly used in the treatment of nervous dys-
pepsia, gastric pain and vomiting.

Bismuthi Oxychloridum — Bismuth Oxychloride. — An impalpable
powder of neutral reaction, insoluble in water. Dose- — 5 to 20 grs.
Used as a cosmetic (Blanc de perle), pearl white. It gives pearly gloss
to the skin. Unguentum bismuthi oxychloridi 1 to 15 of vaseline.
Pessaries and suppositories contain 10 grs. in each. Dusting powder.

Actions and uses — Antiseptic and non-irritant ; it is preferred
to other salts of bismuth. It coats the mucous membrane and
adheres to it ; hence its powder is used in irritable condition of the
mouth, throat, vagina and rectum. As an insufflation to the larynx
it is very beneficial. As a gastric tonic it is given in dyspepsia and
acidity of the stomach.

Bismuthi Oxyiodidum — Bismuthi oxyiodide or subiodide
of bismuth. A brownish red amorphus powder, of a slight iodine
odour. Insoluble in water, alcohol or ether. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.
Antiseptic — a good substitute for iodoform. Locally used as a
dusting powder on ulcers. As an injection (1 to 100) in gonorrhoea
and as an ointment for fissures and ulcers in the rectum. Given
internally in gastric ulcers.

Bismuthum Peptonatum. — Dose — 80 grs. A dry brown
powder, contains 3*5 per cent, of bismuth oxide. It is highly assi-
milable.

Phenol Bismuth — Bismuthi Phenylicum— Carbolate of Bis-
muth.— It contains 72*6 per cent, of bismuth and 22 per cent, of
phenol. A dusty white or violet-coloured dry powder. Insoluble in
water. Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Actions and uses . — -Astringent and antiseptic. Used in chronic
catarrh of the bowels and diarrhoea.

Bismuthi Phosphas. — Prepared by heating bismuth oxide,
sodium carbonate and phosphoric acid. Contains 20 per cent,
bismuth oxide. Soluble in water (1 in 3). Dose — 3 to 8 grs.

262

BISMUTH! SALICYLAS*

Actions and uses.- — Intestinal antiseptic, astringent and tonic ; used
In acute catairh of the stomach and intestines, and in diarrhoea.

Bismuthi Salicylas, B.P.—fyn.— Bismuth salicylate— Bismuth
oxysalicylate. — Obtained by the double decomposition of bismuth
nitrate and a solution of sodium salicylate. Contains 62 to 64 per
cent, of bismuth oxide, a white or nearly white amorphous powder,.
Insoluble in water and alcohol or glycerine. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Preparations. — Mistura anti-choleraica No. i.- — Salicylate of bis-
muth and cerium 5 grs., compound powder of cinnamon 7-J grs.,
compound tincture of camphor 30 ms., compound tincture of chloro-
form 20 ms., aromatic spirit of ammonia 20 ms., essence of
peppermint 10 ms,, chalk mixture 1 oz. Dose — 1 oz.

Mixture No. 2.— Aromatic sulphuric acid 15 ms., compound
tincture of camphor 30 ms., compound tincture of chloroform,
tincture of coto a a 20 ms., syrup of orange flowers 1 dr., pepper-
mint water 1 fl. oz. Dose — 1 oz.

Diarrhoea and Cholera Mixture. —Aromatic confection 9 grs., tinc-
ture of catechu 30 ms., aromatic spirit of ammonia 9 ms.,
compound tincture -of cardamoms 18 ms., tincture of opium
3 ms., chalk mixture 1 oz. Dose — 1 oz.

Actions and uses.-— Astringent, sedative and intestinal antiseptic ;
same as other salts of bismuth, but owing to its containing salicylic
acid it is better borne by the stomach, and is serviceable in dyspepsia
due to fermentation and is also used in diarrhoea of phthisis and
dysentery and in diarrhoea of typhoid fever. Very useful for children
in intestinal tuberculosis. In chronic gastric and intestinal disorders
and in dilatation of the stomach it is very useful. Externally it is
used like iodoform. Bismuthi et cerii salicylas is recommended for
sickness, diarrhoea, dysentery and ulceration of the bowels.

Bismuthi Subnitras, B.P.— Syn.— Subnitrate of bismuth, bis-
muthum album, bismuth oxynitrate— White Bismuth . — Dissolve
purified bismuth in nitric acid, evaporate, add water to the pre-
cipitate, and dry. A heavy white minutely crystalline powder
without any odour, nearly tasteless, insoluble in water and alcohol,
soluble in acids. Dose — 5 tc^2o grs.

Preparations.- — Pul vis bismuthi compositus— Ferrier’s snuff. Con-
tains morphine hydrochloride 1 and bismuth subnitrate 180 and
acacia 60. Used in coryza with or without powdered cubebs.

BISMUTH I SULPHfS.

26 J

Mistura bismuth! et pepsinae composita. Contains besides bismuth
pepsin and ammonia, Liq. opii sed 3 ms., acid hydrocyanic dil 2 ms.,
Tincture of nux vomica 3 ms., water to 60 ms. Dose — 30 to 60 ms.

Glycerinum bismuthi nitratis 1 to 8, application in eczema.

Physiological actions . — The insoluble salts of bismuth are used
externally and act as sedative to the end organs of the nerves. The
soluble salts pass into the blood and act as gastric tonic and also
as feeble astringent. They become converted into sulphide, which
gives dark colour to the stools and to the tongue. In very large
doses and when taken for a long time they act as poison, develop-
ing a black line round the margin of the gums, causing headache,
irritability of the stomach, oedema of the feet and foetid urinous
odour of the breath. Bismuth subnitrate is astringent, antiseptic
and sedative. As a sedative it is given in all irritative conditions
of the stomach and intestines. Therapeutics . — Largely used in

dyspepsia, gastralgia, gastrodynia, vomiting, pyrosis, ulceration of
the stomach and intestines, atonic diarrhoea, phthisical diarrhoea
and in advanced stage of dysentery. In cholera it is of great benefit.
Its action seems to be partly mechanical. Externally it is used as a
dusting powder 011 wounds and ulcers, fissures of the anus, cracked
nipples, in acne rosacea, stomatitis, sore mouth, eczema, intertrigo,
&c. Occasionally it is used as an injection in leucorrhoea, gonorrhoea,
gleet and rectal irritation. As a snuff it is used in coryza, in nasal
pharyngeal and laryngeal irritations, &c. In foetid feet and in
burns the ointment is applied with benefit. Mistura bismuthi et
pepsinae compositus is given in chronic diarrhoea. As an antiseptic,
Ferrier’s snuff is used in ozoena and other foetid discharges.

Bismuthi Sulphis. — A white powder soluble in acids only, when
sulphurous acid is set free. Dose — 5 to 30 grs. As an antiseptic,
anti-fermentative and anthelmintic. Given in fermentative dyspepsia
and diarrhoea. The sulphite under the action of the acid juice in
the stomach gives off sulphurous acid. Also given for dislodging
worms.

Bismuthi Sulpho-phenylas— Bismuth Sulpho-carbolate. —

A reddish brown powder sparingly soluble in water. Dose — 3 to 8 grs.
As an intestinal, disinfectant, and antiseptic, it is used in feverish
patients with foetor from the mouth, coated tongue, and also in
dyspepsia, and as an intestinal disinfectant in cases of fermentation
in the intestinal canal.

Hydrargyrum, B.P.— Mercury.

Habitat. — South of Europe, America, Australia, and Japan.

264

HYDRARGYRUM

Vernacular. — Arab. — Abuk , Zibakh ; Beng. — Pdrd ; Burm. — Pada /
Can. — Pada Kasa ; Cing. — Rasadiya ; Chin. — Shiorryyin) Hung ;
Duk. — Para; Eng-. — Mercury , Quicksilver; Guz. — Paro ; Hind. —
Para ; Malyal. — -Rassam ; Mar.—Para ; Vers.—Simab, Jivah ; Sans.' —
Parada , Rasa ; Tam. — Iras ham ; Tel. — Rasam Pada , Rasam.

Mercury is sometimes met with free in nature in the form of globules,
but mostly found as sulphide or native cinnabar. To obtain it, fuse
native mercuric sulphide-cinnabar with lime and scraps of iron, or
roast it in the air and conduct the vapours into a condensing chamber
and allow the sulphurous acid gas to escape. Purification of com-
mercial mercury.— Re-distil and wash mercury with dilute hydro-
chloric acid. The native mode of purifying mercury.- — Intimately rub
together mercury, brick dust, garlic, add water, and heat the paste
over a tire.

Liquid at ordinary temperature, divisible into spherical globules
mobile and of a shining silver white lustre ; without any odour or
taste, slowly volatilizing at ordinary temperature. Insoluble in water
and in hydrochloric acid or cold sulphuric acid, but soluble in nitric
acid and in hot sulphuric acid. It readily volatilizes at a temperature
of red heat without any residue.

Preparations of Mercury.— Hydrargyrum cum Creta, B. P.
Mercury with chalk, Gray powder (1 in 3). A light gray dampish
powder free from grittiness, without any odour and almost without
any taste, insoluble in water. Dose — 1 to 5 grs. Given in dyspepsia
and diarrhoea in children with vomiting and offensive stools.
Also given in tonsillitis. Pilula Hydrargyri, B.P. (1 in 3}. Blue pill.
Mercurial pill. Dose — 1 to 8 grs. Emplastrum Hydrargyri, B.P.
(1 in 3). Mercurial plaster. Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro,
B.P. (1 in 5), Ammoniacum and mercury plaster. Unguentum
Hydrargyri, B.P. — Blue ointment, Mercurial ointment (48! p.c.) Used
externally with friction. Unguentum Hydrargyri Compositum, B.P.
(19^ p.c.). Mercury ointment 10, yellow wax»6, olive oil 6, camphor in
flowers 3. Linimentum Hydrargyri, B.P. (1 in 6). Contains strong
solution of ammonia 10, camphor liniment 90, mercury ointment 30.
Lanolinum Hydrargyri. Mercury 100, lanoline 200, mercurial oint-
ment 5, mutton suet 50, used as an inunction in syphilis. Oleum
Cinereum, Injectio Hydrargyri Hypodermica, Grey Oil. Mercury 39,
mercurial ointment 2, and vaseline oil 59. Dose — 1^ to 2 ms. For sy-
philis injected deeply into the back. Plaster Mulls.— Every square inch
contains 1 gr. mercury, also with f of a gr. of carbolic acid and

gr. of oxide of zinc. Alanine Mercury — Mercury-amido-propio-
nafe — Hydrargyri amido-propionas. — Occurs in minute white

Reedies, soluble in water (1 in 3). Dose— to a Given

HYDRARGYRUM.

265

internally and also injected hypodermically in syphilis. Para.
Kajali (Mercury Bhasm). — Prepared in a manner similar to that of
grey powder, substituting sulphur for prepared chalk. Dose — 1 to

3 grs.

Physiological action . — Mercury is tonic, alterative, purgative, in-
direct cholagogue, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, and sialagogue. Some
of its salts are poisonous and corrosive, others are local caustic.
Mercury as a metal is inert, but when taken into the system it
combines with the acids and fluids of the body. It is then easily
absorbed by the skin, the mucous membranes, lungs and stomach,
and passes into the blood as oxyalbuminate. In the stomach it is
converted into double chloride of sodium and mercury. It unites
with the albuminous juices and is easily absorbed. In the intes-
tines only a small portion of it is absorbed ; the rest being con-
verted into a sulphide and eliminated with the foeces. In small doses
it acts as a blood tonic. It increases the number of red corpuscles
and the body weight. In large doses it impoverishes the blood,
lessens its coagulability, diminishes the red corpuscles, lessens oxy-
genation, promotes the waste of tissues, and disorders nutrition and
digestion. It stimulates the salivary, duodenal and the pancreatic
glands and the bile ducts and thus increases the flow of bile. It also
stimulates the liver cells and hence acts as an indirect cholagogue. It
may be found in the blood, saliva, milk, urine, sweat, bile, pus, also in
various tissues of the body. Over-dose or long continued use of
mercury produces a set of symptoms known as mercurialism, which
consists of a metallic taste in the mouth, profuse salivation, swollen
and spongy gums, foul breath, swelling of the tongue, ulceration of
the mucous membrane of the mouth, lips and tongue, loosening of
the teeth, &c. At the later stages, nutrition becomes impaired, it
produces emaciation, oedema, extreme weakness, bilious diarrhoea
and certain nervous symptoms as headache, trembling, neuralgia,
insomnia, coma, convulsions or paralysis. In pregnant women it
leads to abortion. Mercurial preparations are almost a specific
in secondary syphilis, but not in its tertiary form. Salivation is
readily produced by blue pill, next by calomel, and still less readily
by gray powder. Some persons are salivated after a single dose.
Children are less susceptible to its influence. Inhalation or vapours
of mercury affect the brain ; inunction and internal administration,
&c., rapidly salivate. Therapeutics. — As an alterative, grey powder
or blue pill or any other like preparation is used in dyspepsia, constipa-
tion, due to morbid gastric secretions, giving rise to foul breath, coated
tongue and dryness of the mouth, and occurring in the course of
fevers and acute hepatic or pulmonary diseases. It empties the gall-

34

266

HYDRARGYRI BENZOAS.

bladder and by relieving congestion increases the hepatic and renal
secretions. It causes the absorption of all inflammatory products and
morbid serous fluids as in dropsies and effusions in joints and cavi-
ties. In diseases of the brain and the spinal cord, at least in their
primary stages, it relieves inflammation. In syphilitic nodes,
enlarged glands, gunmata, &c., if judiciously given it acts as
a specific. In recently deposited exudations it is superior to
iodine. In affections of the serous membranes it is of greater bene-
fit than in those of the mucous membranes. It benefits the strong and
vigorous constitutions. It is contra-indicated in scrofula, scurvy,
rickets, anaemia, albuminuria and haemorrhagic diathesis. In its pure-
and liquid form it is rarely used medicinally, though occasionally it
has been given in large quantities in intestinal obstructions. Hydrar-
gyrum cum creta or Gray powder is especially suited to children, while
pilula hydrargyri or blue pill is a convenient mode of administering
mercury in its pure state for syphilis and other states of the system
where rapid absorption is not the object. In dyspepsia it is very
beneficial as an adjunct to other purgatives. The liniment, plaster,
and ointment act by the mercury becoming absorbed into the sys-
tem. These are very valuable additions to the internal treatments.
Oleate of mercury is used as inunction. Certain preparations of this
drug are administered in the form of vapour bath or fumigations..
Among the natives mercury is used extensively, often with frightful
results. Locally it has been applied to syphilitic ulcers, enlarged
joints, and to tumours to bring about absorption.

Hydrargyri Benzoas — Mercuric Benzoate.' — A white crystalline
powder, insoluble in cold, but slightly soluble in hot, water. A one
per cent, solution in sterilized almond oil does not undergo any
decomposition. Used as hypodermic injection with cocaine and
chloride of sodium.

Hydrargyri Carbolas — Phenol Mercury — Mercury Carbolate.— ■
Prepared by the double decomposition of mercuric chloride and an
alcoholic solution of carbolic acid in caustic potash. A neutral
salt in the form of white amorphous powder. Dose — ^ to 2 grs.
Used as pills after food, in syphilis. It produces no gastric dis-
turbance.

Hydrargyri Cyanidum. — Mercury Bicyanide or Mercuric Cyanide.

* — Colourless* or white prismatic crystals, becoming dark coloured
on exposure to light. Soluble in water (1 in 12*8), alcohol (1 in 15) ;
without any odour and of a bitter metallic taste. Dose — t0 xff
of a gr. It is not decomposed by alkalies. Used as pills. As

HYDRARGYRI OXYCYANIDI.

267

gargle 1 in 10, 00c. As Injectio Hydrargyri et Cocainae Hypoder-
mica— contains Cocaine hydrochlorate £ gr., cyanide of mercury
1 gr. and water 15 ms. As an antiseptic and germicide. Applied
as a lotion and given in pills in syphilitic sores and skin rashes. In
diphtheria of a gr. with £ m. of tincture of aconite and honey
is given internally, and used locally as a gargle 1 in 10,000.

Hydrargyri Oxycyanidi. — White crystalline powder, soluble in
water. Used as solution *6 per cent., injection *2 per cent. Antisep-
tic and germicide. As injection in gonorrhoea ; the solution is
externally applied to wounds, to the throat in diphtheria, to the skin
in erysipelas and in skin diseases.

• Hydrargyri Gallas.— Mercurous Gallate.— Green amorphous
powder, insoluble in water. Dose— | to 1 gr. Antisyphilitic,
used in primary and secondary syphilis.

Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum, B.P. — Mercuric Iodide — Mer-
cury bin iodide — Red iodide of mercury. — Prepared by double
decomposition between corrosive sublimate 4 parts and potassium
iodide 5 parts. A fine vermilion coloured crystalline powder without
any odour or taste, nearly insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol
(1 in 130), in castor oil (1 in 25), freely soluble in ether, and in
solutions of potassium and other iodides and in solution of per-
chloride of mercury. Used in syphilis ; also as an emmenagogue,
and as a pigment in diphtheria. Dose. — to Tlbr gr.

Preparations. — Hydrargyri et Potassii Iodidum — Potassio Mercuric
Iodide. Dose- — Jo to \ gr. Yellow crystalline prisms. Given in
syphilis and as an antiseptic lotion (1 in 8,000). Pilula Hydrargyri
Iodidi Rubri (-J gr.) et Potassii Iodidi (4 grs). Unguentum hydrargyri
iodidi rubri, B.P. (20 grs. in 480 grs. of Benzoated lard). Injectio
Hydrargyri Iodide Rubri Hypodermica. Dose — 2 to 6 ms. Contains
1 gr. of mercuric iodide, water 64 ms., iodide of sodium l gr.
Liquor Arsenii et Hydrargyri Iodidi, B.P. — Donovan’s solution.
Dose — 5 to 20 ms. after meals ; Arsenious Iodide and Mercuric
Iodide each 1 in 100 of water. Pilula Arsenii et Hydrargyri Iodidi,
arsenious iodide, mercuric iodide of each 1 gr. in 12 pills, often
combined with iodide of iron 2 grs. each pill.

Actions and uses . — Cholagogue, emmenagogue, anti-fermentative,
diuretic and germicide ; as a bactericide it possesses double the power
of corrosive sublimate, while it is less poisonous. Used in syp.iilis,
scarlet fever, measles, chicken-pox, whooping cough, enteric fever,
pyaemia, and puerperal fever. It is, however, chiefly used as a pigment

s68

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM FLAVUM.

externally in enlarged glands and syphilitic nodes, diphtheria, and ele-
phantoid swellings. In enlarged spleen and goitre the ointment is
applied, and the patient kept before a hot fire or in the direct sun*
light. A solution (i in 5,000) with sodic chloride is used in gonor-
rhoea, ozcena, ophthalmia neonatorum and diphtheria. As a spray
1 in 500 it is used in enlarged tonsils. Solution (1 in 1,500) is used
as a wash for the vagina in leucorrhoea. As a germicide, a solution
containing bin iodide of mercury ^ gr., iodide of potassium 1 gr.,
chloral hydrate 1 gr. is given in infantile diarrhoea.

Hydrargyri Iodidum Flavum.— Green or Proto iodide of
mercury — Yellow mercurous iodide. — Combine mercury and iodine
or mix solutions of mercurous nitrate and potassium iodide.
Remove the filtrate. The precipitate is green or yellow powder,
darkens on keeping and on exposure to light. Insoluble in water,
alcohol or ether. Dose— XV to J gr. Used as unguentum hydrar-
gyri iodidi flavi (1 to 8). Pilulae Hydrargyri Iodide Viridis (Flavi).
^ gr. in each.

Actions and uses. — Stimulant and alterative, in large doses active
irritant poison ; given internally in scrofulous and venereal affec-
tions. In chronic skin diseases as herpes, pityriasis, acne, lepra
and psoriasis, an ointment with atropine is applied; also to vene-
real eruptions and to indurated fascia of the hand to soften them.
Under its use in diabetic patients the amount of sugar is greatly
lessened. It should not be given with a soluble iodide. Mercury
bin iodide is thus formed.

Hydrargyri Naphthol Acetas Mercur— B— Naphthol Ace-
tate.— An amorphus white powder, insoluble in the usual solvents,
melting to a green oily liquid. Dose — \ to 1 gr. Used as gauze
salve, mull, &c. Anti-syphilitic mixed with kieselguhr. Used as a
dusting powder for wounds.

Hydrargyri Nitras — Mercurous nitrate. — Colourless monoclinic
crystals. Soluble in water. Used as lotion (1 in 30) or ointment.
Antisyphiltic. Given for syphilitic sores. Internally it is rarely used.

Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis Acidus, B.P. — By the action of
nitric acid on mercury. Colourless, strongly acid. Used as a
caustic. Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis, B.P. — Mercuric nitrate
ointment. Citrine ointment, unguentum citrinum (1 in 15). Contains
mercury 1, nitric acid 4, lead 4, olive oil 7. Unguentum hydrargyri
nitratis dilutum, B.P. — Diluted ointment of mercuric nitrate — Brown
citrine ointment (1 of citron ointment to 4 of soft paraffin).

HYDRARGYRI OLEAS.

269

Actions and uses.— The solution is a powerful superficial caustic
and escharotic. The pain is transient, but severe. Externally
applied to chancroid and syphilitic vegetations and warts, also
cancerous and malignant ulcers. In a diluted form it is used in
various obstinate skin affections. The ointment is a stimulant
application in foul ulcers, chronic diseases of the skin and in tinea
ciliaris. For the delicate skin, milder ointment may be used.

Hydrargyri Oleas, B.P. — Mercuric oleate — Oleate of mercury. —
Take mercuric chloride 1 oz., dissolve it in boiling water; to this
add powdered hard soap 2 ozs. and oleic acid 1 dr. Mix, boil over
a fire, then when cold, dry on a sand bath. A substance of unctuous
consistence of a light greyish-yellow colour, of a saponaceous odour,
liable to darken if kept for a long time. Used as unguentum hydrar-
gyri oleatis, B.P., 1 to 3 of benzoated lard. Oleatum hydrargyri 10
per cent., yellow mercuric oxide 1, and oleac acid 9. Oleatum hydrar-
gyri (10 per cent.) cum morphina. Contains morphine 1, dissolved in
60 of oleatum hydrargyri.

Actions and uses. — A very convenient form of administering mer-
cury through inunction and an excellent and cleanly application. It
is used as a counterirritant in inflammatory and syphilitic exuda-
tions without ulceration and in syphilitic skin affections. 5 per cent,
of the oleate with ^ part of ether is used as a parasiticide in scabies,
pediculi and ringworm. It completely destroys the fungus. In
persistent inflammation of the glands and joints (synovitis) it is very
useful.

Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum, B.P. — Yellow mercuric oxide.
Add solution of caustic soda in excess to a solution of corrosive
sublimate and precipitate. A yellow amorphous powder, without
any odour, of a metallic taste, insoluble in water or alcohol, wholly
soluble in nitric or hydrochloric acid. Dose — grs. Used as
unguentum hydrargyri oxidi flavi, B.P. Contains yellow mercuric
oxide 1, yellow paraffin 49. Chiefly used for eczema, ringworm and
triturated with sugar of milk (1 to i,ooo) for inflamed eyelids.

Actions and uses .— Gastro-intestinal antiseptic, used in disorders
of the intestines due to the presence of micro-organism such as
dyspepsia, catarrh of the stomach and intestines, typhus and typhoid
fever, dysentery, cholera, &c. Its action is superior to that of mineral
acids and salts of silver, bismuth or zinc. It prevents putrefactive
changes which take place in the injested food and thus promotes
nutrition and removes dyspeptic symptoms ; but its chief use is for
external purposes where it acts as a stimulating application in eczema,

270

HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM.

ringworm, indolent syphilitic and scrofulous ulcers, enlarged glands
as lupus, goitre, enlarged liver and spleen. The ointment of 2 grs. to
1 oz. of vaseline is used as a sedative application in granulations,
in conjunctivitis and for lupus.

Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum.— Black oxide of mercury— Hem
man’s soluble mercury. — A grayish black powder. Decomposes on
exposure to light. Dose — \ to 2 grs. Antisyphilitic ; in combination
with asparagin and with formamide has been used as injections.

Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum, B.P.— Syn.— Red mercuric oxide
—Hydrargyri nitrico oxidum. Red precipitate. Sapeti , Sipichand
(Hind.). — To prepare it, dissolve mercury in nitric acid and heat the
mercurous nitrate until acid vapours cease to be evolved. Heavy
orange-red crystalline scales or powder. On trituration it becomes
yellow, without odour and of a metallic taste. Insoluble in water and
alcohol. It differs from the yellow mercuric oxide merely in the latter,
being destitute of crystalline texture and much more finely divided"
Used as unguentum hydrargyri oxidi rubri, B.P. — Red precipitate
ointment, ointment of red mercuric oxide. Contains red mercuric-
oxide 1, paraffin ointment yellow 9.

Actions and uses. — Externally irritant and escharotic, used as
stimulant ointment to indolent ulcers, rupia, obstinate skin diseases,
buboes, chancres, &c. ; also in ophthalmia and chronic conjunc-
tivitis. The powder is dusted over specks on cornea and in

chancres, &c. The natives use it to destroy pediculi capiti.

Hydrargyri Oxysulphas— Hydrargyri Sub-Sulphas Flavus—

Yellow mercury oxy-sulphate — Turpeth or turpeth mineral. — Add
water to persulphate of mercury, the acid salt is dissolved out, leav-
ing an insoluble yellow basic compound. A lemon-yellow powder.
Heavy. Insoluble in water or alcohol, soluble in nitric acid and in
hydrochloric acid (1 in 10). Dose — As an emetic, 2 to 4 grs. ; as an
alterative, \ to \ gr. It is an ingredient in the preparation of calomel
and bichloride of mercury. As an antisyphilitic given in syphilis.
In large doses, a safe and prompt emetic.

Hydrargyri Perchloridum, B.P. — Hydrargyri chloridum corro-
sivum— Hydrargyri bichloridurm — Corrosive mercuric chloride.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Corrosive Sublimate ; Cing.' — Shaviramu; Duk.,
— Shaviram Shavir ; Hind. — Tal Chikana Sarnbul ; Panj. — Daraching ;
Tam. — Viram} Vagarasa Ras-pushpam.

Tal chikna sumbul is erroneously believed to be a variety of arsenic
(Hartala). Tala is an abbreviation of hartala, Chickna, moist or

HYDRARGYRI *ET AMMON II CHLORIDUM.

271

humid : meaning moist arsenic. Tal chickna is by the Panjabis
corrupted into Dar chickna or Dar ching. Sometimes the term
Raskapur is applied to this salt, hence the confusion.

Heat a mixture of mercuric sulphate, chloride of sodium, and
black oxide of manganese reduced to fine powder, and sublime.
Black oxide of manganese is added to prevent the formation of
calomel. Indian method.— Take para kajali, brick dust, alum and
rock salt in equal parts ; rub them together, put the whole in a closed
crucible and fuse ; or take para kajali, rock salt, sindhalona and chalk
equal parts. Rub them together, then add nitre, put the whole in a
covered crucible and apply heat. Rhombic, colourless crystals of
various shapes and sizes, no odour, but acrid, styptic metallic taste
and of an acid reaction, soluble in cold water (1 in 16) and in boiling
water (1 in 2), in alcohol (1 in 3), in ether (1 in 4), and in glycerine on
trituration (1 in 2). Dose — -52 to XV of a gr.

Preparation. — Liquor hydrargyri perchloridi, B.P. T\ gr. to 1 dr.
Dose — \ to 1 fl. dr. Lotio hydrargyri flava, B.P. — Yellow wash
(1 in 240 of lime water).

Hydrargyri et Ammonii Chloridum.— Sal Alembroth. Ammo*
nio mercuric chloride, a double chloride of mercury and ammonium.—
It contains one molecule of sublimate combined with two of ammo-
nium chloride. Occurs as flattened rhombic prisms, freely soluble in
water, alcohol and glycerine. -J gr. in 10 ms. of water is used in
syphilis as intramuscular injection into the buttocks. Alembroth
gauze 1 per cent, of sal alembroth tinted with aniline blue. Alem-
broth wool contains 2 per cent. Alembroth cotton wool tissue 2 per
cent. Used as dressing for eye cases. Eucalembroth gauze con-
tains sal alembroth, eucalyptus oil and castor oil and tinted with
magenta. Lotio Hydrargyri Acetica — Mercuric chloride 1, acetic
acid 75, glycerine 75, alcohol 250, rose-water 500. To destroy
pediculi, Pigmentum contra tineam. — Mercuric chloride 1, salicylic
acid 9, phenol 10, glycerine 80. For ringworm. Sublimate disinfect-
ant for cholera. — Sublimate \ oz., hydrochloric acid 1 oz., soluble
aniline blue 5 grs., water 3 gallons.

Sublimate pastils combined with sodium chloride and coloured blue,
to produce a lotion 1 in 500 with 10 or 20 ozs. of water according to
size. Vaselinum hydrargyri perchloride 1 in 1,000 of vaseline. For
eye lotion 1 gr. in 8 ozs. and as injection for gonorrhoea and gleet
1 to 2 grs. in 8 ozs. As an antiseptic injection (1 in 10,000) for the

ear discharges. Mixed with Fowler’s solution, it is used as a pigment
in diphtheria.

272

HYDRARGYRI PERSULPHAS.

Hydrargyri Oleo Palmitas. — Formed by the double decomposition
of perchloride of mercury and curd soap ; occurs as a yellow unctuous
body twice as strong as the 20 per cent, oleatum hydrargyri. Used as
a plaster (1 to 3 of lead plaster) as a substitute for emplastrum hydrar-
gyri. Glycerium hydrargyri perchloridi 40 grs. in 1 dr. For solution
1 dr. in 4 pints of water. Antiseptic cologne, an American speciality,
containing corrosive sublimate (1 gr. in oz.) with thyme, eucalyptus
and eau de cologne ; used as a spray in sick-rooms.

Physiological actions. — Alterative, tonic, disinfectant, and para-
siticide. It stimulates the cutaneous, salivary and urinary secretions.
In small doses it causes absorption of deposits of lymph by
stimulating the glandular system; it relieves glandular engorgements
of the liver, kidneys, &c. The tonic effect is increased by the addi-
tion of hydrochloric acid. It is a most powerful antiseptic known.
No germ is known to resist its action. In large doses it is a power-
ful irritant poison, producing gastritis, enteritis with nausea, vomiting,
pain in the stomach, suppression of urine, bloody motions, collapse,
convulsions and death. Therapeutic uses. — Given in constitutional
syphilis, chronic skin eruptions and syphilitic rheumatism ; in anae-
mia and chlorosis it is given with iron. In dropsy, glandular enlarge-
ments and in hepatic affections, liquor hydrargyri perchloridi
with sodii iodidi is of benefit. Hypodermically it is used in cholera
in India and also in syphilis. As an antiseptic in gr. doses
combined with tincture of cannabis it is of benefit in diarrhoea and
dysentery. As an internal disinfectant and during the plague
epidemic large doses, as much as 2\ ozs. of the liquor per day were
given without producing salivation. As a germicide and antiseptic
it is used in disinfecting plague areas. As a germicide it is very
beneficial as a wash (1 in 2,000) for vagina, or as a solution (1 in
1 ,ooo) in obstinate parasitic skin diseases, or as a lotion or ointment
to promote healing of phagedenic ulcers, also as an injection in
gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea. It is used to destroy pediculi capiti.
The natives use hydrargyri iodidi rubri instead. In combination with
arsenic it is used as an application to piles to produce ulceration and
separation of the haemorrhoidal mass, but it should be used with great
caution, as it sometimes causes considerable injury to the surrounding
tissues. As a local caustic, an alcoholic solution (1 in 5) is painted
over carbuncles, anthrax, &c. In elephantiasis graecorum a 10 per
cent, solution is injected near the part affected.

Hydrargyri Persulphas— Mercuric sulphate. — Prepared by boil-
ing together 12 ozs. of sulphuric acid and 20 ozs. metallic mercury.
Mercury is converted into mercuric sulphate. A heavy white crystal-
line powder, entirely volatilized by heat.

HYDRARGYRI ET POTASSII IODIDt)M.

273

Used as unguentum hydrargyri persulphatis (15 grs. to 1 oz.).

Actions and uses. — Parasiticide — used for ringworm. A mild escha-
rotic to be used with care.

Hydrargyri et Potassii Iodidum.— Potassio Mercuric Iodide— It
is formed by dissolving perchloride of mercury in excess of potassium
iodide. In yellow crystals or prisms. Dose — T\r to £ gr. Given in
syphilis. Pilula Hydrargyri Iodidi Rubri et Potassii Iodidi (1 in 32
of Potassii Iodidi).

Hydrargyri Salicylas. — Mercury salicylate. — It contains 59 pef
cent, of mercury. A white crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in
water, soluble in solutions of dilute alkalies and in solution of
sodium chloride. Dose — J to J gr. Used as dusting powder or
ointment 1 pef cent, and used internally as antisyphilitic, and exter-
nally as a dusting powder for specific sores, chancre, and as an
injection in gonorrhoea. It should not be given in large doses with
potassium iodide.

Mercurial Sozoiodol. — Mercury di-iodo parapbenol sulphonate. —
An orange red amorphous powder, insoluble in water, soluble in
solution of sodium chloride or potassium iodide. Dose — ^ to 1 gr.
Solution (1 in 20) for intramuscular injection. Used also as ointment
(2 to 20 per cent.).

Actions and uses . — Alterative, antisyphilitic, and antiseptic ; given
in syphilitic eruptions, ulcers, enlarged glands, parasitic skin diseases
and diseased joints. The solution with solution of potassium iodide
is used as an intramuscular injection in tertiary syphilis and in cases
where iodide of potassium has failed.

Hydrargyri Subchloridum, B.P. — Syn : Mild mercurous chlo-
ride, hydrargyri chloridum, subchloride of mercury.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Calomel; Cing. — Rosa Kurpuram ; Duk. —
Raskapur ; Hind. — Raskapur ; Malyal. — Rosa-Rarppuram ; Tam. —
Rasha Raruppuram-Puram ; Tel. — Rosa Karpuram.

Natives call it Raskapur or mercuric camphor, as it is met with in
heavy masses or pieces resembling camphor.

To obtain it, convert mercuric sulphate into mercurous sulphate by
rubbing it with a second equivalent of mercury ; then add chloride of
sodium and sublime. A dull white heavy impalpable powder without
any odour and nearly tasteless. The powder by long trituration
becomes yellowish. Insoluble in water, alcohol and ether. It
volatilizes by heat. Dose — ^ to 3 grs.

35

274

LOTIO HYDRARGYRI NIGRA.

Lotio Hydrargyri Nigra, B.P. — Black-wash. Black mercurial
lotion : 30 grs. of calomel, § oz. glycerin, ozs. mucilage of traga-
canth, limewater to make 10 ozs. Pulvis Basilicus : calomel 3,
scammony 3, acid potassium tartarate 3, jalap 1, ginger 1, antimo-
nial powder 1. Dose — 4 to 8 grs. Pilula Hydrargyri Subchloridi
Composita, B.P. — Pilulae antimonial compositae. Compound calo-
mel pill. Plummer’s pill ; 4! grs. contain 1 gr. of calomel and 1 gr.
of sulphurated antimony, 2 grs. of guaiacum resin and castor oil.
Dose — 4 to 8 grs. Unguentum Hydrargyri Subchloridi, B.P. Calo-
mel ointment : Mercurous chloride 1, benzoated lard 9. Pilulae
Catharticae Co. — Compound cathartic pills : calomel 1, extractum
colocynthidis compositum 1^, extract of jalap J, gamboge ^ in each
pill. Dose — i to 3 pills.

Physiological Action . — A non-irritant alterative, purgative, cho-
lagogue, antiphlogistic, anti-emetic, anthelmintic and sialagogue.
It is a rapid and sharp purgative, only next in rapidity to croton oil.
It is decomposed in the intestines and converted into an oxide. It
increases the action of the secreting glands, frees the secretion of
the stomach and intestines ; it also stimulates the liver and empties
the gall bladder. As an antiphlogistic it is used with benefit in
acute inflammatory, febrile and biliary affections, known by a coated
tongue, foul breath, ciay-coloured stools, nausea, loss of appetite,
and constipation.

Therapeutics. — In tonsillitis, parotitis and other acute glandular
inflammations of the throat and neck, calomel in very small doses
is very effective. In diarrhoea and in foetid stools of children due
to over-feeding, dentition, &c., it renders the secretions healthy,
removes the foetor and checks the frequency. In obstinate vomit-
ing, small doses given every hour are very efficient. In Asiatic
cholera 18 to 20 grs. in 24 hours give colour to the motions. A
combination of calomel and digitalis is given for cardiac dropsy.
In typhoid fever 10 gr. doses may be given every morning with
benefit and as antipyretic. The compound mercurial pill is used as
an alterative in syphilis and chronic skin affections. Externally it is
sedative to the skin and the mucous membranes. Black wash is
used to promote the healing of chancres and other ulcers, especially
of a syphilitic nature ; the ointment is used as antipruritic and
absorbent in syphilitic skin diseases. In the presence of alkaline
chlorides it is converted to some extent into perchloride in the
saliva and thus acts as a disinfectant. 1 gr. of calomel with
2 grs. of chloride of sodium is injected into the gluteal region in
syphilis.

HYDRARGYRI SUCC1NIMIDUM.

275

Hydrargyri Succinimidum — Succinimide or imido-succinate of
mercury. — A white, silky powder ; soluble in water (1 in 25), slightly
so in alcohol. Dose — J to % of a grain*

Used as solution 2 per cent, for hypodermic injection.

Actions a?id uses. — Antisyphilitic and alterative. Given in syphilis.
It is mild and non-irritating, does not precipitate albumen and is free
from local and secondary effects.

Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Nigrum — Mercurous sulphide —

Arthops mineralis.

Vernacular. — Eng. — Black Sulphide ; Sans. — Rasa Sindura.

Ras sindur — Ras mercury and sindur sulphide of lead. It resembles
in colour sulphide of lead.

The natives prepare it by making a paste of mercury, sulphur, nava-
sagar in the juice of lemons and drying over a sand-bath. Another
method. — Roast together mercury and sulphur. Thin dark-red
shining scaly pieces with a fibrous texture and interspersed with
crystalline granules, mixed with shining particles, thus closely
resembling abraka ; colour reddish black resembling that of
dried blood. It burns with a blue flame leaving no residue. Dose —
1 to 2 grs.

Preparations. — A compound powder — ajirana kantaka rasa. Ajirana
is derived from A “ deprived of ” and jirana or jirpat “ to digest,”
ajirana meaning deprived of digestion — indigestion. Kantaka or
kanta means “a thorn.” This preparation is like a spike or thorn,
by the dread of whose presence indigestion is said to disappear.
It contains black sulphide of mercury, aconite, sulphur each one
part, pepper, and ginger each six parts. Mix and triturate them
together, make a paste in the juice of bhuiringani and dry over a sand
bath. Dose — 1 to 2 grs. Used in dyspepsia.

Sangrahni vajra kapat rasa. — To prepare it, powder together mica
ash, rasa sindura, abrak bhashm, sulphur, jav khar, tankan khar,
arani chhal, vekhand each one part, make a paste in the juice of arani,
bhangra and bijorun, and roast ; when ready, add atvish 5, mocharas
2, katho 1, and bhang 5. Dose of the powder 5 to 10 grs. To be
taken in compound decoction of dhauriphul, moth, lodhra, belphal,
gulvel each 5 parts, honey 10 parts and water to make 100 parts.
Dose — 1 oz.

Actions and uses. — As an alterative it is used to produce salivation
in syphilis. It is given internally in syphilis, gonorrhoea, &c., in
enlarged liver and spleen, chronic fevers, chronic dysentery and
chronic dyspepsia.

HYDRARGYRI SDLPHtJRRTUM

276

Ajiranakantak rasa is largely used in indigestion, diarrhoea, cotiC
and flatulence. Sangrahni vajrakapat-rasa is given in chronic
diarrhoea and chronic dysentery.

Hydrargyri Sulphuretum— Mercuric sulphide— Red sulphide of
mercury— bisulphuret of mercury— Hydrargyri sulphidum rubrum.

Vernacular . — Arab. — Lunjefer ; Can. — Ingalikd ; Cmg.—Jdti Sin •»
gam; Duk. — Shangraf; Eng. — Vermilion , Cinnabar; Guz. — Sangraf
Hingalo ; Hind. — Lanjafr , Shangarf, Hingol ; Mah. — Hingnl ; Malyak
— Chaliyam ; Pers. — Lanjafr , S has gar f, Hingol; Sans. — Inghulam /
Tam. — Singam ; Tel. — Ingili jamu.

Mercuric sulphide occurs as a dull-red mineral ore ; when sublimed,
it becomes dark scarlet, shining and crystalline. It is then known as
cinnabar or vermilion. Heat together mercury and sulphur in equiva-
lent proportions till the mass swells, and when cool, powder. Brilliant
heavy grains or crystalline masses arranged in longitudinal strips of a
scarlet-red colour. It stains the fingers when handled. It is without
odour or taste ; when heated, it becomes brown or black, but resumes
its red colour again on cooling. It burns with a blue flame ;
insoluble in water and alcohol. Dose for fumigation — 30 grs.
Internally — to gr.

Preparations. — Hingul bhasm — Red sulphide ash. Red sulphide 4,
orpiment 1, cloves 4. Make a bolus in the juice of fresh ginger, put
it into a crucible, roast it over a fire, and reduce the whole to ashes.
Dose J to \ gr. A compound powder, raj mragank rasa — raja or raj
which means a king ; mraga or murag signifying a lion or deer ; ank
ankado meaning a nail, a hook ora scratch; and rasa means mercury.
This mercurial preparation is like a scratch from the nail of a lion, the
king of animals, or of a deer. According to Hindu idea, the lion is
so strong or powerful an animal that even a scratch of its nail
causes the death of a demon. This preparation is supposed to be so
powerful that it is capable of removing or dispelling any inveterate
disease, such as consumption, by a mere scratch, that is, by a dose
or two of this preparation.

To prepare it, mix together red sulphide ash 3, gold ash 1, mica
ash 1, manasil -J, sulphur 2, shell ash (cowrl bhasm) and tankan
khar 1. Roast the mass over a fire. Dose — 2 to 5 grs. Given in
consumption and chronic diseases. Generally given with confection
of black pepper, long pepper and honey.

A compound extract — Ichchabhedi-rasa or hajat bhedi-rasa.

Ichchha means inclination or desire, hajat frequent inclination or
a constant desire, bhedi to remove or to pass copious motion. This-

HYDRARGYRI TANNAS.

277

extract is given to remove constipation or to open the bowels. To
prepare the extract, powder together hingalo, tankan khar, ginger
(suntha), long pepper, pipali each one part ; danti-mula and triphala
each four parts. Boil the whole in milk till reduced to the consist-
ence of an extract. Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Anand bhairava rasa. — Anand means contentment with the exist-
ing health, a relief from bad or defective gastric and intestinal diges-
tion ; bhairav, a demon or an evil-doer, one who misrepresents or
misinterprets things, toxic agents which interfere with the proper or
normal digestion of food ; ras a remedy. This preparation is sup-
posed to be an agent in dispelling the demon or evil-doer and thus
procuring relief from indigestion, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, colic, &c.

To prepare it, powder together hingalo 2, aconite (bachanaga) 1,
miri 2, tankana khar 2, and long pepper 2, then add lime juice or
juice of ginger to make a pill mass. Dose — 5 to 10 grs. given in
indigestion, dyspepsia, colic.

Actions and uses. — Red sulphide of mercury is generally used for
fumigation in syphilitic affections. Internally, in very minute doses,
the natives use it in syphilis. Red sulphide ash (Singraf bhasm)
is used as an alterative in syphilis. Anand bhairav rasa is astrin-
gent and given in chronic diarrhoea and diarrhoea in fever. Raja
mragan rasa is restorative, alterative and tonic, given in consump-
tion, asthma and other chronic diseases. Ichhabhedi rasa is purga-
tive, given in flatulence and constipation.

Hydrargyri Tannas— Mercurous Tannate. — A dark-green pow-
der, without any odour or taste. Contains 50 per cent, of mercury.
Not soluble in hydrochloric acid, freely soluble in alkalies and their
carbonates. Dose — £ to ij grs.

Actions aad uses. — • Antisyphilitic ; given in syphilis with satisfac-
tory results. It does not cause any irritation of the bowels.

Hydrargyri Thymol Acetas — Mercury thymol acetate. — A white
powder, soluble in dilute alcohol, insoluble in water. Dose — f to
gr.

Used as intramuscular injection (1 in 10), or as pills in syphilis.

Hydrargyri Zinco Cyanidum— Mercuro Zinc Cyanide.— Cya-
nide of zinc and mercury. — Obtained by the double decomposition
of a cold saturated solution of zinc sulphate and of mercuric and
potassium cyanides or by adding cold saturated solution of mercuric
chloride to zinc and potassium cyanides. A white powder.

278

hydrargyrum ammoniatum.

Used as mercuro zinc cyanide antiseptic gauze. It contains 2
or 3 per cent, by weight of the cyanide tinted with hsematoxylin
(pale blue). Antiseptic gauze should be moistened with solu-
tion of perchloride of mercury before use.

Actions and uses. — Non-irritant antiseptic. An ointment is used
in eczema and other skin affections.

Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum, B.P. — Ammoniated mercury, white
precipitate of mercury, mercuric ammonium chloride. Prepared by
the action of solution of ammonia on the solution of corrosive sub-
limate and by the washing of the resulting precipitate. White amor-
phous powder, without any odour and earthy styptic metallic taste,
nearly insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol and ether. Heated
with excess of lime, it yields 79 per cent, of metallic mercury.
Used as unguentum hydrargyri ammoniati, B.P. — Ointment of
ammoniated mercury. White precipitate ointment 1 to 9 of par-
affine ointment, white.

Actions and uses . — 'Local stimulant and parasiticide ; used as a
stimulating application for chronic skin diseases as prurigo, impetigo,
herpes, &c., also used in scabies. Its chief use is, however, for de-
stroying pediculi, for which purpose the ointment or the salt itself is
used exclusively or mixed with rose water.

Hydrargyrum Naphthalicum — Naphthol Mercury. — A yel-

low neutral powder. Insoluble in ordinary media, without any
odour. Contains 30 per cent, of mercury. Dose — \ to 1 gr. As
dusting powder 1 or 2 parts to 98 of kieselguhr, or as a salve mull.

Actions and uses. — Antisyphilitic, given in syphilis and in typhoid
fever. The ointment is applied to ulcers and wounds.

ORGANIC CARBON COMPOUNDS.

279

ORGANIC CARBON COMPOUNDS.

In this group are included drugs, prepared in the Laboratory and having the
chemical composition similar to, or identical with, substances obtained from the
animal and vegetable kingdoms. It has been the ambition of scientists for a
very long time to be able to manufacture some of the organic substances.
Their efforts have now been crowned with great success and in many cases far
exceeding their expectations. These substances are often reproduced by a
direct combination of the component elements or from apparent inorganic sub-
stances which were once organic in nature. Not only has this branch of chemistry
revolutionized the domain of Materia Medica and medical science generally, but
it has also advanced various arts and industries considerably.

It may be mentioned that, in all these compounds, the element carbon is in-
variably present : hence they have been termed by several writers organic
carbon compounds. It is convenient to consider this group by itself, as by this
time they form a large class, many of them being incorporated in the Pharma-
copoeia. It is impossible to include in this work all the drugs of this description
which have been in use at one time or another. All that can be done will be to
select the most prominent among them or those which have been in more general
use.

These compounds are divided into (1) those belonging to fatty and (2) those
belonging to aromatic series of chemical compounds. Compounds of the fatty
series are derivatives of methane, whereas those of aromatic series are derivatives
of benzene.

Fatty Series. — Compounds belonging to this series contain 2 elements - carbon
and hydrogen, in various proportions and are mostly of vegetable origin, many
being obtained by the destructive distillation and decomposition of organic
matter. They have different boiling points — a fact which makes it possible to
isolate them by careful fractional distillation. They are either gases, liquids
or solids. They can all be volatilized without decomposition. They are
colorless, usually with characteristic odour and of neutral reaction ; soluble
in alcohol, ether and carbon bisulphide, and insoluble in water. Compounds
belonging to this series furnish many products which are used as animal food.

Aromatic Series. — Many compounds of this series are products of the vege-
table kingdom, and a great number are obtained by destructive distillation.
When coal tar is distilled and the distillate is carried over and caught in water,
it separates into two layers. The upper one is light oil, from which benzene is
obtained, and from the latter, or the lower one, carbolic acid.

Though it would have been more regular to arrange all these compounds under
these two chemical divisions, it has nevertheless been decided to arrange them
in the alphabetical order as being more convenient and useful.

Abrastol, Asaprol. — Obtained by the action of calcium carbonate on beta
naphtol-alpha monosulphonate and by subsequent evaporation and crystalliza-
tion. A whitish or slightly gray powder, without any odour and of a bitterish
sweet taste, insoluble in ether, soluble in cold water (10 in 6) and in alcohol
Ci in 2). Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic, antirheumatic, analgesic and antipyretic. Given
in acute and chronic rheumatism, in influenza with high temperature, in dental
and intercostal neuralgia, in gout, anthrax and asthma, and in whooping cough
and typhoid fever.

28o

ACETANILIDUM.

Acetanilidum, B.P. — Antifebrin.— Acetanilide— Phenyl acetamide— Acetyl

amido benzene. A derivative of aniline. To obtain it, heat together glacial
acetic acid and aniline for several hours.

Characters . — Occurs in colourless shining lamellar crystals or a white powder,
without any odour and of a slightly burning taste when put upon the tongue \
when swallowed it gives a peculiar sensation in the mouth and in the throat,
and a feeling of warmth at the epigastrium. It is neutral in reaction. Soluble
in cold water (i in 200), in boiling water (1 in 18), in alcohol (1 in 4), in ether
(1 in 18), in brandy (1 in 20), freely so in benzol and chloroform ; readily dissolved
in sweet spirit of nitre and aromatic spirit of ammonia. Used as ointment
(1 in 25), compressed tablets, dusting powder, or as solution suspended in water
with tragacanth. Dose — 1 to 3 grs.

Physiological action. — Antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic, analgesic, antiseptic,,
hypnotic, anti-epileptic, anti-arthritic and nervine tonic. It is a cerebral,
vasomotor, and muscular stimulant. Generally it leaves no bad after-effects,,
but during the period of low temperature it sometimes has a tendency to produce
collapse with chills, faintness, palpitation of the heart, and cyanosis. In moder-
ate doses it checks chills and fever, lessens reflex excitability of the spinal
cord, and quiets the nervous system. In large doses it acts on the blood, des-
troys its ozonizing functions, decolorizes the red corpuscles and forms methyl
haemoglobin. It also often leads to fatty degeneration of the heart, liver and
kidneys. In action it resembles antipyrin and phenacetin. Of the three,
antipyrin is the most dangerous ; antifebrin comes next. As antipyretic, anti-
febrin takes the longest to produce its effect, but it is more permanent. Anti-
pyrin is the most rapid in lowering the temperature, but its effect passes off
rapidly. Phenacetin takes longer to produce this effect, which last longer than
that of antipyrin. As analgesic antifebrin has a very feeble action. Antipyrin
is the swiftest and surest in its results ; phenacetin comes next.

Therapeutics. — As an anodyne or hypnotic it is given in acute rheumatism,
in erysipelas of the head or face to relieve headache, alcoholic delirium, rest-
lessness and insomnia in children, also the darting pains of locomotor ataxia,
neuritis and neuralgic affections. It is best given with brandy in enteric
fever, pneumonia, tuberculosis, &c. Externally, as an antiseptic soothing
dressing, its ointment is applied to painful and obstinate, rectal ulcers and
to irritative skin affections. With unguentum hydrargyri it is used in psoriasis*
As a dry dressing it may be dusted over burns, scalds, &c.

It may be useful in this connection to compare the physiological actions of
some of the principal antipyretics that have been in use at one time or another.
There are many, but some of them have been selected. These are divided
into 3 classes :

• 1. Antipyrin, Kryofin and Phenacetin.

2. Anisic acid, Thallin, Kairin, Exalgin, Antithermin, Methacetin, Ace-
tylamidophenol, and Resorcin.

3. Antifebrin, Formanilid or Methyl Formanilid and Pyrodin.

In all cases, medium doses have brought down the temperature one, two or
three degrees.

Their action on the blood varies. The drugs of the first group caused the fix-
ation of oxygen with haemoglobin ; those of the second produced intra-corpuscu-*
lar methyl haemoglobin ; those of the third group produced the same changes,
but when given repeatedly caused some destruction of blood corpuscles. It was
further noticed that they did not produce much effect on healthy corpuscles*

ACETONE.

2 8r

that their effects were temporary and passed off soon ; that in anaemic subjects,
and in those with fever where the corpuscles had already been affected, they
should be given in small doses. Antifebrin was the least desirable, phenacetin
next to it, antipyrin the safest, as it never produced methyl haemoglobin.

Acetone.— iVcetonum— Acetyl-methylid — Di-methyl-ketone— Allied to methylic
alcohol. Prepared by the dry distillation ot wood, of acetates, of sugar or of any
other carbo-hydrates with lime, or tartaric or citric acid. A transparent
colourless liquid of a peculiar ethereal or mint-like odour and of a refreshing
camphoraceous or sweet taste. Miscible with water, alcohol, ether, chloroform
and oils. Used as a solvent of resins, fats, camphor, gun cotton and' of
cantharidin. Largely used in the manufacture of chloroform and in making
spirone.

Acetopyrina — Antipyrinae Aceto-salicylas.— Antipyretic, analgesic and seda-
tive ; given in hectic fever. In pulmonary tuberculosis it acts like a charm
without interfering with digestion or the action of the heart. In rheumatism,
sciatica, hemicrania, and influenza it is a suitable remedy. In bronchitis
with cough and pain in the sternum it checks its further progress. Recom-
mended as an unfailing remedy in gonorrhoea.

Acidum Aceticum Glaciale, B.P. — Glacial acetic acid — Concentrated acetic
acid. Add to sodium acetate (from which water of crystallization is first ex-
pelled by heat), sulphuric acid and then distil. It contains 99 per cent, of
hydrogen acetate. It is a clear colourless liquid of a strong vinegar odour and
acid taste. Crystallizes when cooled to 59 F. Sp. gr. 1*058. Dose — 2 to 5 ms.

Preparation . — Acidum Aceticum Empyreumaticum or Pyroligneous acid.

Acidum Aceticum, B.P. — Obtained by the destructive distillation of wood,
especially of quercus alba, when among many volatile products acetic acid
distils over mixed with other compounds. It is one of the products of the
oxidation of ethylic alcohol. A clear colourless liquid, of a pungent odour and
acid taste, miscible with water and alcohol. It contains 33 parts fby weight)
of hydrogen acetate and 67 parts of water. Sp. gr. 1*044. Dose — 5 to 15 ms.

Acid Aceticum Dilutum, B.P. — Diluted acetic acid contains 4*27 per cent, of
hydrogen acetate. Sp. gr. 1*006. Dose — ^to 2 drs. given with water 1 ounce.

Preparations . — Acetum ipecacuanhae and scillae. Oxymel contains honey and
acetic acid.

Physiological action . — Strong acetic acid and glacial acetic acid are escha-
rotic and irritant of the stomach and intestines. Generally applied to warts,
condylomata, corns, ringworm, pityriasis, carcinoma, &c. Freely diluted acetic
acid is antipyretic, refrigerant, germicide, anthelmintic and haemostatic. It
allays thirst and restlessness ; taken into the stomach it forms salts ; in the
blood it becomes oxidized, producing carbonic acid which increases the acidity
of the urine. When used for a long time it impairs digestion, leads to
emaciation and poverty of blood.

Therapeutics. — Its germicidal property is well known, being equal in efficacy
to bichloride of mercury in solution of about 7 per cent. As a haemostatic it is
used in epistaxis. As an anthelmintic it is used as a rectal enema in destroying
worms. Sometimes it is used in place of vinegar to sponge the whole body in
high fever to reduce the surface heat.

Acidum Anisicum — Anisic acid — Methyl-para-oxybenzoic acid.— Obtained by
the oxidation of para-cresyl methyl ether or of anethol or by heating methyl
Iqdide with potassium para-oxybenzoate.

36

282

ACIDUM ANISICUM.

Anethol is found in oil of anise, fennel and tarragon.

A light, colourless, crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water, soluble in
alcohol and ether. Dose — 2 to 6 grs.

Actions and uses.— Antiseptic, antipyretic, and antineuralgic like salicylic
acid. Given in rheumatism, fever, & c.

Acidum Boricum, B.P. — Boric acid, Boracic acid, Hydrogen-borate, Horn*
berg s sedative salt. Found in solution in the water of hot volcanoes in Tuscany.
Obtained by purification of native boric acid or by the interaction of sulphuric
acid and borax. Colourless pearly lamellar crystals or irregular masses of
crystals, unctuous to the touch, of a bitter and feebly acid taste, becoming
sweetish after a time. Soluble in cold water (1 in 30), in glycerine (1 in 4),
alcohol (1 in 30), boiling water (1 in 3). The alcohol solution burns with a green
flame. It liquefies when heated and solidifies into a brittle glass-like mass on
cooling. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Preparations. — Boric dusting powder ; lotio acidi borici (1 in 20 of hot water) \
solution and wash (10 grains to 1 ounce) ; suppositorium acidi borici. 3 grs.
in each. Boric lint (1 to 2) ; boric wool (1 to 3) ; boric gauze contains 10 per
cent, of boric acid impregnated with turpentine and alcohol. Boric salve mulls,
Unguentum acidi borici — Boric acid ointment, B.P. (1 in ro). It contains
paraffin ointment, white, 9, boric acid 1, and is used for wounds, abscess cavities,
&c. Pulvis acidi borici compositus — boric acidi, zinc oxide 3, and starch 6,
for local application.

Glycerinum Acidi Borici, B.P. — Glyceritum boro-glycerin. Prepared by heat-
ing together boric acid and glycerine. A tough deliquescent mass, soluble in
water and alcohol.

Solutio Saturans — Pigmentum Acid Borici. — Contains boric acid 1, ether 3,
alcohol 6. Used in skin diseases as ringworm, &c.

Borolyptol. — Said to contain aceto-boro-glyceride 5 per cent., formaldehyde 2
per cent, with active constituents of pinus pumilio, eucalyptus, myrrh, storax
and benzoin. Dose — 1 to 2 drs. as an intestinal antiseptic.

Euthymol and Euphormol are said to contain boric acid, thymol, menthol, oil
of eucalyptus, &c.

Borsalyl. — A dry powder, obtained by the interaction of boric acid 25 and
sodium salicylate 32 in the presence of water. Used as an antiseptic.

Thiersch’s antiseptic solution contains boric acid 12, salicylic acid 2 and water
1,000. Used as an antiseptic in surgery.

Borine, a proprietary preparation, composed of boracic acid mixed with the
active constituents of benzoin, witch hazelnut, winter green, meadow sweet,
golden rod and also combined with the stearoptenes of wild thyme, euca-
lyptus and peppermint.

Used locally (1 to 4 of water) as a general disinfectant and antiseptic. Inter-
nally to remove foetid breath, foetid urine, foetid stools. Dose— 1 to 2 drs.

Physiological action. — Boracic acid is a non-irritant disinfectant, antiseptic and
deodorant. It arrests fermentation and putrefaction and is destructive to low
organisms. It arrests the activity of bacteria in solution (1 in 133). Thera-
peutics.— Used as a paint for enlarged tonsils ; as a pigment consisting of boric
acid, potassium chlorate, limejuice and glycerine in typhoid fever, for sordes
on the teeth and dried lips. As a gargle, boric acid with tannic acid or alum
and glycerine is used in pharyngitis and relaxed sore throat. As a dusting
powder mixed with starch or Fowler’s earth, or as insufflation it is used in

ACIDUM CACODYLICUM.

283

intertrigo, erythema, &c. It destroys the odour of foetid and foul sores and
the foetor from the axilla or feet during perspiration. The ointment is used
in suppurating sores, chronic otitis, also for burns, scalds, eczema, chaps
on hands and breasts, and in pruritus. It is given internally in cystitis, with
ammonical urine containing flakes of mucus and attended with much scald-
ing. It is a useful ingredient in tooth powders. Glycerinum Acidi Borici,
equivalent of Boro-glyceride, is a powerful antiseptic and is used as an injection
( 1 in 40) in otorrhoea and ophthalmia. Internally it is given in pills or solution
with althcea in coughs.

Acidum Cacodylicum and its salts — Sodium Cacodylate. Very useful in chronic
fevers. Dose — 1 to 2 grs. Magnesium Cacodylate — Used as sub-cutaneous in-
jection. It is more freely soluble and contains free arsenic 48 per cent. It
produces no secondary effects, hence preferred to sodium cacodylate. Hydrar-
gyrum Cacodylate. — This preparation is highly poisonous. Its injection causes
induration and intense pain. A preparation of iodide of mercury and sodium
cacodylate is substituted for it in neurasthenia and in secondary or tertiary
syphilis. Guaiacol Cacodylate. — It readily splits up into cacodylic acid and
guaiacol. A preparation containing sterilized oil, cacodylic acid gr. \ and
guaiacol gr. £ Is used as injection in tuberculosis.

Actions and uses. — Cacodylic acid and its salts stimulate the process of
nutrition and increase the products of secretion ; hence useful in diseases due
to defective nutrition as tuberculosis, scrofula, gout, malaria, neurasthenia,
asthma, &c. ,

Acidum Carbolicum, B.P. — Carbolic Acid. Phenol, — Phenic Acid, Phenylic
Acid, Phenyl Alcohol, Phenyl Hydrate. It occurs in the urine of man and
herbivorous animals and in castorium, and is a product of the dry distillation of
organic substances, such as bones, wood, coal and resin. It is also synthetically
prepared in a very pure state from benzene and from aniline oil. It is colorless,
having a tendency to become pink or brown or reddish. Met with in loose
needle-shaped crystals of an aromatic odour and burning sweetish taste.
Soluble in water (1 in 30), but freely so in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzol,
carbon bisulphide, glycerine, in fixed and volatile oils, fats and melted resins,
in vaseline (1 in 20), and almost insoluble in benzin. It coagulates albumen and
collodion. It does not redden blue litmus paper. If exposed to damp air for
some time, it becomes red. By concentrated sulphuric acid it becomes con-
verted into sulpho-carbolic acid, and by nitric acid into various substitution
products, such as picric acid at an ordinary temperature. On the addition of
10 parts of water it liquefies ; with 12 parts of water it becomes a turbid liquid ;
with 30 to 40 it forms a clear solution. It is suitable for an application as
a caustic. Dose — 1 to 3 grs.

Acidum Carbolicum Crudum — Crude Carbolic Acid. — It contains cresol
(cresylic acid), xylic acid and phenol. Occurs in crystalline masses. Diluted
with water it is used as a household disinfectant for drains, water closets,
urinals, &c.

Acidum Carbolicum Liquefactum, B.P. — Liquefied Phenol (1 of water to 10
of phenol). Dose — 1 to 3 ms.

Carbolic acid gauze — Carbasus acidi carbolici, cotton gauze medicated with
half its weight of — phenol 1, resin 4, and paraffin 4. Carbolic oil (Lund’s oil),
used for oiling catheters, contains phenol 1, castor oil 4, and olive oil 11. Car-
bolized plaster contains carbolic acid 25, shellac 75, coated with guttapercha
and dissolved in carbon bisulphide. Carbolized silk ligature contains carbolic

284

UNGUENTUM ACIDI CARBOLIC!.

acid 1 and melted yellow wax 9. Carbolized tow-— tow impregnated with tar
containing 10 per cent, of phenol. Carbolized wool contains phenol 6 per cent.
Carbolic acid salve mulls spread with lead plaster and phenol. Carbolic oiled
silk protective — oiled silk coated on both sides with copal varnish and dried,
then brushed over with dextrine 1, starch 2, and phenol lotion (1 in 20) 16.

Gargarisma Acidi Carbolici. — 2 grains to 1 oz. of water. For sore throat
with foetid breath. Glycerinum Acidi Carbolici, B.P. (1 in 5). — Mixed with
water used as a mouth-wash for foetid breath and in diptheria. Internally
given in pertussis. Dose — 5 to 10 ms. Vapor acidi carbolici— 20 grains in a
pint of hot water. Useful as inhalation in pertussis, bronchitits with profuse
expectoration and in gangrenous lungs. Carbolic acid wash or spray. — Acid
carbolic 1 grain to 4 ozs. of water. Injectio Acidi Carbolici Hypodermica—
1 grain of the acid to 30 drops of water. Carbolized iodine solution contains
carbolic acid 22 grains, iodine 3 grains, water 10 ounces. Given internally in*
Asiatic cholera and used locally as a gargle, inhalation or paint in diptheria
and as a douche in ozaena. Carbolic acid lotion — Phenol lotion. — $ grains to-
1 ounce of water. Preventive against mosquito bites. It relieves pain and
itching from bites over the face and hands. Mistura Acidi Carbolici— Carbolic
acid ms., tincture of iodine 2 ms. and water 1 ounce, given in typhoid fever..
Dose— 1 oz.

Trochiscus Acidi Carbolici, B.P. — 1 gr. in each with tolu basis. -Used as anti-
septic and stimulant. Liquor Sodii Carbolatis, Liquor Sodii Phenatis. — Contains
phenol 8, caustic soda 4, distilled water 100, antiseptic and anaesthetic. Pig-
mentum antisepticum contains glycerinum acidi carbolici, 1 ounce, quinine
hydrochloride \ drachm, mercuric chloride grains. Used as an applica-

tion to the nasal passages in hay fever. Pastillus Acidi Carbolici. — Carbolic
acid £ grain in each pastil. It is antiseptic and stimulant, used in sore throat
and for preparing carbolic acid lotion. Perles or globules of carbolic acid
contain 1 grain of phenol in each. Dose — 1 or 2. Pilula Acidi Carbolici —
Phenol 2, powdered liquorice 1, powdered althaea 1. Dose — 2 to 4 grs. Given
for flatulence in diarrhoea and as an antipyretic. Smelling salt carbolized.
Phenol 24, ammonium carbonate 16, strong solution of ammonia 44, oil of
lavender i|, camphor 3, pine saw dust q.s. Used as inhalation for coryza,
hay fever, influenza, &c. Soloids of carbolic acid 20 grains each ; convenient
for preparing carbolic lotion, one saloid to a pint of water. Suppositora Acidi
Carbolici, B.P. — Contains phenol 1, bees wax 2, oil of theobroma 12 in each.

Unguentum Acidi Carbolici, B.P. — Ointment of carbolic acid. — Phenol 1, dis-
solved in glycerine 3 and paraffin ointment (white) 21 ; used in parasitic skin-
diseases. Camphorated carbolic acid contains phenol 12, camphor 4, water 1.
It is a liquid at ordinary temperature, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and
oils, insoluble in water or glycerine. Used as local anaesthetic for toothache^
as a germicide dressing for wounds, as a pigment in diptheria and to ulcer
of the os and cervix uteri, and to abort boils, and as an injection in uterine
catarrh. A saturated solution of camphor 3, with phenol 1. 10 ms. dose is used

as an intra-pulmonary injection in phthisis without causing any irritation. Car-
bolic colloid — Contains carbolic acid 20 grs., styptic colloid 1 ounce. Soluble
in anhydrous ether. As a local anaesthetic it gives relief in toothache and is
used for minor operations. Phenol Iodatum — Iodized phenol (1 to 4). Used as
intra-uterine medication and for ringworm of the scalp. Phenol sodique con-
tains 8 per cent, of phenol in combination with caustic soda. Used as an
antiseptic and as an anaesthetic, but is less caustic. Pheno-resorcin contains

ACimjM CHLORACETICUM.

285

tarbolic acid 67, resorcin 33 and water 10. Pheno-salyl. — A mixture of carbolic,
salicylic and benzoic acids, melted together and dissolved in lactic acid. A clear
syrupy liquid, of a pleasant odour, very soluble in water. Solution 1 per cent*
is used locally as an antiseptic.

Physiological action. — Antiseptic, antipyretic, local anaesthetic, anodyne,
•deodorant and caustic. It is a depressant of the heart, brain, spinal cord and
lungs, ft destroys low forms of life and all organized ferments, both animal
and vegetable.

A weak solution ; if applied to the skin, acts as an anaesthetic ; in a concen-
trated form it coagulates albumen and hence acts as a caustic, but does not
Vesicate ; it forms a scar Or slough. Internally, given in large doses and in a
concentrated form it acts as a corrosive to the mucous membranes, producing
speedy narcosis. If swallowed, it produces white, painful, superficial eschars
in the mouth, throat and stomach. In small doses and if much diluted it
acts as an internal antiseptic. Gastric juices convert it into sulpho-carbolate.
In toxic doses it paralyses the vasometor centre in the medulla. The heart
becomes slow and depressed. Respiration is accelerated at first, but soon
becomes slow and ultimately paralyzed. Convulsions set in followed by para-
lysis of both motion and sensation, stupor, deep coma, contracted pupils
and death. Carbolic acid becomes rapidly absorbed and is rapidly diffused.
Vaginal injections have often produced severe constitutional symptoms.
Under its use urine becomes greenish or black, and there is odour of phenol
in the breath and in the urine.

Therapeutics. — Locally it relieves itching in pruritus of any form. It effec-
tively destroys the fungus of tinea tonsurans, and has a stimulating action
on indolent ulcers, aphthous stomatitis, &c. As an antiseptic and anaesthetic
its solution is used as a gargle for painful sore throat of diptheria and in
tonsillitis attended with foetid breath. Carbolic dressings are very useful for
burns to relieve the pain. In ingrowing of nails, its solution has a marked
anaesthetic effect. In deep-seated inflammations, in glandular swellings, in-
flamed bursae, hydrocele, buboes, &c., a 2 per cent, solution is injected with
much success. In tuberculosis, malaria, erysipelas, phthisis, &c., a solution
of carbolic acid with pilocarpine salt has proved successful. As a germicide
and as a spray or inhalation a 2 per cent, solution with ammonia water and
alcohol is used in diptheria, whooping cough, laryngeal and pulmonary
catarrhs, &c.

Internally it is given in flatulence, dyspepsia and vomiting— in various zymotic
diseases as typhoid, malarial and other fevers and in diabetes. In obstinate
malarial fevers it is hypodermically injected with quinine. Sulpho-carbolates
of sodium, potassium and lithium have been used in septic diseases as dip-
theria, puerperal fevers, &c.

Acidum Chloraceticum — Chloracetie Acid. — A chlorine compound of acetic
acid. It is met with in deliquescent white crystals, generally liquefied. It is
escharotic and blisters the skin when locally applied.

Acidium Trichlor-Aceticum — Trichlor- Acetic Acid. — To obtain it, mix chloral
hydrate 1 part and nitric acid 3 parts. To oxidize, expose to the sun’s light and
finally distil. Occurs as deliquescent, colourless rhomboidal crystals of a
pungent odour, soluble in water, alcohol and ether.

Preparation. — Aceto-caustin, a fine caustic, contains 50 per cent, of the solu-
tion of trichlor acetic acid. Paste — trichlor acetic acid 1, glycerine 3, iodine
3 and potassium iodide 3.

286

ACIDIUM CINNAMICUM.

Actions and uses. — Local astringent, haemostatic, antiseptic and eschafotte'.
The paste when applied forms an ivy-coloured eschar, less painful than nitrate
of silver, chloride of zinc or caustic potash, and used in venereal sores, warts,
condylomata, lupus and in ulcerative diseases of the nose and throat ; also in
pharyngitis, tonsillitis, &c. Its action being localised and more persistent, it is
better borne thari chromic acid.

Acid Cinnamicum — Cinnamic Acid — Cinnamyllc Acid. — To obtain it, saponify
with potash, balsam of Peru or tolu, balsam storax or benzoin. Balsams
contain about 40 per cent. Occurs in white scales or transparent micaceous
crystals, sparingly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and ether.

Preparation,— kA 5 per cent, oily emulsion with yolk of egg to which an alkali is
added. Used for intravenous injection. Dose— 2 to 5 ms.

Actions and uses. — Antitubercular and antiseptic. The injection is used in
tuberculosis, phthisis, lupus, &c.

Acidium Citricum, B.P. — Citric — Acid — Hydrogen Citrate. Art organic acid
found in juice of the fruits of various species Of citrus, strawberry, raspberry,
cherry, currant, gooseberry, lime, lemon, tamarind, tomato, &c. To obtairi
it, saturate the juice of various species of citrus with chalk and boil the
precipitate of calcium citrate with dilute sulphuric acid ; met with in large
colourless rhombic prisms, without any odour, and of an agreeable acid taste.
Efflorescent in warm air, deliquescent in moist air. Soluble in cold water
(4 in 3), in hot water (2 in 1), less soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in ether.
Dose— 5 to 20 grs.

Lime juice contains it from 7 to 10 per cent. ; tamarind contains it from
4 to 6 per cent.

Preparation. — Syrupus acidi citric! 1 per cent. Dose — 1 to 4 drs.

Actions and uses. — Antiscorbutic, stimulant, diuretic and refrigerant ; given in
rheumatism, jaundice, scurvy, fevers, and as an antidote to narcotic and alkaline
poison. Given for a long time it reduces obesity. Locally used as an applica-
tion in diptheritic angina, gangrenous sore mouth, pruritus, cancerous growth,
&c.

Acidum Cresoticnm — Para-cresotic Acid. — An homologue of salicylic acid>
found as an impurity in artificially prepared salicylic acid It is obtained from
cresol. In white needles almost insoluble in water-soluble in alcohol, ether
and chloroform. Dose — as an antipyretic 2 to 10 grs ; as an antiseptic \ to
1 grain in children.

Actions and uses. — Antipyretic and antiseptic, inferior to salicylic acid ; given
to children in intestinal catarrh and fever.

Acidum Cresylicum -Cresolum Crudum— Cresol, methyl phenol, meta cresol,
kresylol. A coal-tar product containing three isomeric cresols., viz., ortho, meta,
and para-cresols. Crude carbolic acid contains 90 per cent, of cresol. A co-
lourless or slightly yellow liquid of a creosote-like odour, soluble in water
(1 in 80), freely so in alcohol, ether, glycerin and olive oil.

Preparation. — Cresol salicylas.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic and germicide, superior to carbolic acid, but
much less poisonous. The solution is used as inhalation in whooping cough.
It is slightly caustic.

Acidum Iodo Salicylicum. — A compound of iodine and salicylic acid in which
one atom of hydrogen is replaced by iodine. A white crystalline powder, slightly
soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, ether, fixed oils and in collodion. Dose
20 to 40 grs. Used as cachets.

ACIDUM IODO SALICYLICUM.

287

Actions and uses. — Analgesic and antipyretic ; having the combined action of
iodine and salicylic acid. Given in fevers, rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, and in
cases where salicylates have failed.

Di-Iodo Salicylic Acid. — A compound of iodine and salicylic acid in which
2 atoms of hydrogen are replaced by iodine ; it is richer in iodine, and used in
acute articular rheumatism.

• Acidum Glyconictim. — An oxidation product of cane sugar. It is generally
neutralized with sodium carbonate. Given per rectum as a clyster or introduced
into the os. Dose — 1 to 20 grs.

Highly recommended in diabetic coma with dyspepsia.

Acidum Lacticum, B. P.— Lactic acid. It exists in the stomach as a product
of food, in the gastric and intestinal juices, in the urine, in many plant juices as
sour cabbage, sour milk, &c. It is, however, artificially prepared from milk
sugar or grape sugar by a peculiar lactic acid (bacterium lactis) fermentation.
On a large scale it is prepared from flour (wheat or rice) or from starch when
treated with sulphuric acid. The starch is thus converted into glucose, to this
sour milk is added to produce fermentation.

A colourless syrupy liquid of a sour taste, without any odour and acid reaction ;
miscible in all proportions with water, alcohol and ether, nearly insoluble in
chloroform. It contains 75 per cent, of hydrogen lactate and 25 per cent, of
water. With potassium permanganate it gives out the odour of aldehyde.
It coagulates milk and albumen. Dose of the strong acid 5 to 20 ms. should
be given well diluted.

Used as a nebula or spray (1 in 16) of water, as a paint 50 to 80 per cent.

Preparation . — Acidum Lacticum Dilutum — (3 in 20) of water. Dose — 5 to
1 dr.

Quinine Lactas. — A white powder soluble in water. Used in 1 per cent, solu-
tion as injection for gonorrhoea. Dose — 1 to 5 grs.

Syrupus Calcii LaCtophosphatis, B.P. Dose— £ to 1 dr. Syrupus calcii et

ferri lactophosphatum contains 1 grain of lactate of iron to each drachm. Dose

i to 1 dr.

Actions and uses. — In a pure state, escharotic. Well diluted, given in large
doses it is a gastric irritant ; in small doses digestive, galactagogue and astrin-
gent ; hence given in dyspepsia, infantile diarrhoea dependent upon deficient
secretions. As a sedative of the mucous membranes it is given in intestinal and
vesical catarrh, oxaluria, in lithic acid and phosphatic diatheses ; in diabetes
with imperfect digestion and in phthisis to allay cough and quench thirst. In
chronic cystitis it checks the ammoniacal decomposition of the urine. In a con-
centrated form its principal use is as a paint for lupus, epithelioma, other morbid
growths and intractable ulcers. As a nebula or spray for dissolving false mem-
brane, in diptheria, croup and other laryngeal and pharyngeal inflammatory
affections.

Acidum Oxy-naphthoicum. — A derivative of naphthol. A white colourless or
yellowish powder, without any odour, freely soluble in glycerin, ether, chloro-
form, fatty oils and alkaline solutions ; insoluble in water. Dose — 1 o 3 grs.
Its antiparasitic, antizymotic and antiseptic properties are 5 times greater than
those of salicylic acid. Internally it is given in intestinal catarrh ; as a sternuta-
tory it is used in coryza, and as an antiseptic in venereal ulcers, scabies,
prurigo, &c.

Acidum Oleicum, B.P. — Oleic Acid — Hydrogen Oleate. — To obtain it, add
caustic potash to almond oil or to olive oil and boil. To the resulting potassium

288

ACIDUM 0XALICUM4

oleate add hydrochloric or tartaric acid and water, and apply heat* Another
method — Apply very hot steam upon fats and press the liquid, when oleic acid
Will be separated from the solid fatty acids. Acidum Oleicum Purificatum.— To
obtain it, heat the impure oleic acid with litharge, when oleate, palmitate and
stearate of lead are formed; to this add ether or benzin, when pure oleate is
separated ; treat it With hydrochloric acid, when oleic .acid is separated ; the
residue left is used in the manufacture of stearine candles.

Oleic acid is a limpid straw-coloured oily liquid of a peculiar rancid odour
and slightly acid taste. It becomes brown when exposed to the air and is
faintly acid to test paper. It is insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol*
fixed and volatile oils, benzol, benzin, turpentine, chloroform or ether. It is
readily absorbed by the skin and hence promotes the absorption of the drugs
with which it is combined. When mixed with the drugs it does not form with
them pure chemical compounds, but dissolves metallic oxides and forms indefi-
nite oleic solution of oleates in an excess of oleic acid. Oleates of bismuth, cop-5
per, lead, mercury and zinc form medicinal solutions which are also soluble in
oils, fats, and petroleum. Oleic acid also dissolves alkaloids as aconitine,
morphine, veratrine, atropine but not their salts, thus forming oleates.

Actions and uses. — Soothing, emollient, readily absorbed by the skin without
any irritation, hence used as a solvent when drugs are to be introduced into the
system through inunction.

Acidum Oxalicum— Oxalic acid.— ^ -Found in many plants as oxalis, rumex,
rheum, &c. ; in the urine as acid calcium oxalate, and can be made from organic
substances as fat, sugar, starch, &c. To obtain it, oxidize organic substances
with nitric acid, or heat saw-dust with potash or soda. To the heated product
(potassium or sodium oxalate) add calcium hydroxide, when the decomposed
product, calcium oxalate, is left behind. To this add sulphuric or hydrochloric
acid, when oxalic acid is separated. Occurs in large, transparent, colourless
crystals, soluble in water and alcohol. Dose — ^ to f gr.

Actions and uses. — Highly poisonous, emmenagogue ; given in amenorrhoea.

Acidum Phenylaceticum — Phenyl acetic acid — Alphatoluic acid. — A coal-tar
product in white micaceous cr}rstals, of sour aromatic taste, persistent odour
resembling that of perspiration of horses ; of acid reaction, soluble in alcohol
(1 in 1), in oil (1 in 20). Dose— 1 to 3 grains.

Used as alcoholic solution (i in 6), best given with cod liver oil. Dose — 10 to
20 ms.

Actions and uses. — Antitubercular, antiseptic and disinfectant ; given in tuber-
culosis. It diminishes cough and expectoration. The patient gains in weight,
strength and colour.

Acidum Phenyl Propionicum — Phenyl propionic acid — Hydrocinnamic acid—
Homotoluic acid.— A coal-tar product. In acicular crystals of a reddish-white
colour. Insoluble in wrater, soluble in alcohol (1 in 1) and in oils (1 in 6). Taste
and odour similar to that of phenyl acetic acid. Dose — 1 to 3 grs.

2. Used as solution (1 in 6) freely diluted.

Actions and uses. — Antitubercular and disinfectant. It acts upon the virus
of tuberculosis and hence given in phthisis with cavities combined with
cod-liver oil*

Acidum Picricum — Carbazotic acid — Trinitrophenic acid — Trinitrophenol
Prepared by the action of nitric acid on carbolic acid. Yellow crystals, in-
tensely bitter, soluble in water (1 in 95), in rectified spirit (1 in 16), freely soluble

ACIDUM PYROGALLICUM.

289

in alcohol, chloroform, ether and benzene. Dose — J to 2 grains. Used as ointment,
injection, &c. Liquor acidi picrici(i per cent.) solution. Dose— \ to 3 drachms.

Actions and uses. — It is painted on the skin in erysipelas, lymphangitis of the
leg and thigh, and in eczema. Cotton wool saturated with picric acid is applied
in burns. It colours the skin, the conjunctive and the urine yellow. The oint-
ment, 1 to 3 percent, is recommended for pruritus of the scrotum. An injection
is used in acute gonorrhoea and ozena. Internally as an antiperiodic and
anthelmintic, ammonium picrate is given in place of quinine in malarial fevers,,
neuralgia, also in albuminuria and headache.

Acidum Pyrogallicum — Pyrogallic acid — Pyrogallol— Dioxy-phenic acid— Tri-
hydroxybenzene. — A tri-atomic phenol prepared from gallic or tannic acid by
heat or dry distillation. In light and flaky crystals, white lamine or fine needles,
darkening on exposure to the air, without any odour or taste ; on the tongue it
produces a sensation of coolness. Soluble in water (1 in 2^), in melted lard (1 in
10), freely soluble in alcohol and ether. It has great affinity for oxygen and
possesses antiseptic properties. It darkens the skin and hair. Dose — \ to i£
grain. Used as solution 2 per cent., pills and syrup.

Preparations . — Pyrogallol acetate. — It minimizes the irritant action of pyro-
gallol by acting upon the skin whilst slowly giving out pyrogallol. Unguentum
acidi pyrogallici or Jarisch’s ointment (1 to 8). Used for psoriasis. Unguentum
pyrogallol compositum : pyrogallol 5, salicylic acid 2, ichthyol 5, vaseline 88.

Physiological action. — Powerful antiseptic and haemostatic. A virulent
poison. Introduced into the stomach it is rapidly absorbed and gives rise to
vomiting, diarrhoea, rigors, and death ; absorbed into the blood it gives rise to a
large amount of globulin and to disorganization of blood corpuscles. It has a
great affinity for oxygen and hence used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Therapeutics. — With ergotine it is given in haemoptysis and menorrhagia. Its
solution, 20 per cent., mixed with collodion, or its ointment, 10 to 20 per cent., is
applied in chronic eczema, psoriasis, lupus and epithelioma. It should be used
with caution, as it is apt to cause toxic symptoms. A 2 per cent, solution is
used as a wash for phagedenic chancres. Its application darkens the skin and
hair. As a hair-dye it is used with nitrate of silver for blackening the hairs.

Acidum Salicylicum, B.P. — Salicylic acid — Ortho-oxy benzoic acid. — An
organic acid. A derivative of salicin by double oxidation ; probably also a
substitution derivative of benzene j formed by replacing 2 atoms of hydrogen,
one by hydroxyl, and the other by carboxyl.

Artificial acid. — It is synthetically prepared by combining the elements of
carbolic acid and those of carbonic acid together as by heating carbolic acid
with caustic soda, and by passing carbonic anhydride gas through the liquid
and purifying. Natural acid is prepared from the oils of winter green or tea
berry, sweet birch, andromeda leschnaultii, or from salicin by heating it with
caustic potash and treating it with hydrochloric acid. 138 grs. of salicylic acid
are contained in 160 grs. of oil of gaultheria.

Artificial acid is in white needle-shaped crystals similar to quinine. Its dust
irritates the nostrils. It is of a sweetish taste. Soluble in water (1 in 500), more
freely in water containing borax 8 per cent., in spirit (1 in 3), in ether (1 in 2),
in olive oil C1 ‘n 20), *n glycerine (1 in 200); freely soluble in melted fats and
vaseline.

With solutions of sodium phosphate, ammonium citrate, ammonium acetate
and potassium acetate salicylic acid forms salicilates of the bases, and sets free
other acids. Dose — 5 to 20 grs. in cachets.

37

290

ACIDUM SULPHANILICUM.

Natural acid is purer than the artificial acid and is free from cresotic acids.
It occurs in needle-shaped crystals like those of strychnina, but the crystals are
smaller in the artificial acid. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Salicylic acid is used for surgical dressings. These include salicylic lint 4 per
cent., salicylic wool 5 to 10 per cent., salicylic gauze 4 per cent., salicylated isin-
glass plaster. Granular effervescent salicylic acid (1 in 12). Dose — 1 dr. Pul-
vis salicylicus cum talco contains salicylic acid 3, starch 10, and talc 87. A fine
powder used to check foetid perspirations of the feet. Salicylic plaster (mulls)
\ gr. of salicylic acid to every square inch combined with creosote ; used to
destroy thick skin. Salicylic collodion contains salicylic acid 1, flexible collo-
dion 5. Used as a pigment for lupus. With extract of cannabis it is applied to
corns. Salicylated camphor — Camphora salicylata. To obtain it, heat together
camphor 84 and salicylic acid 65 parts. The solution crystallizes on cooling. It
is an unctuous powder, but liquefies when rubbed on the skin. Slightly soluble
in water or glycerine, in fats or oils (1 in 20). It is decomposed by hot alkaline
solution. Used as an antiseptic dressing or ointment in lupus and rodent ulcers.

Unguentum acidi salicylici, B.P. — Salicylic acid 2, paraffin ointment (white)98.

Salicylic cream contains salicylic acid 2, carbolic acid 1, glycerin 10.
Used as an antiseptic dressing for irritated skin due to discharge from sores or
wounds.

Physiological action. — Antiseptic, antiperiodic and antipyretic. Large doses
act as direct poison on the heart and respiration. Taken internally it undergoes
destructive changes and is eliminated in the urine in its original form and also as
salicyluric acid. It resists decomposition, prevents fermentation and putrefac-
tive processes. Internally it is very similar in action to quinine, even causing
ringing in the ears. Therapeutic uses. — It is useful in phlegmasia dolens and in
gonorrhoeal epididymitis. It gives a marked relief in dysmenorrhoea, in painful
neuritis whether of a specific or rheumatic nature. Externally it is useful in
ulcers, granulating sores, &c. Like iodoform it is used as a plug in metrorrha-
gia. An ointment, containing salicylic and carbolic acid 0 in 16) each, is used as
a dressing in cancerous affections, in soft chancres, buboes, also in eczema,
psoriasis and ringworm. Locally its solution gives relief to swollen painful
joints. As a gargle and mouth-wash its solution is used in diphtheria. It is
three times as powerful as carbolic acid in preventing fermentation, but is less
irritating.

Acidum Sulphanilicum. — Occurs in small white crystals, sparingly soluble in
water. With sodium in forms sodii sulphanilas. In white shining scales, soluble
in water. Dose — 5 to 15 grs. Given in iodism, acute catarrh, otitis and laryn-
gitis.

Acidum Tartaricum, B.P. — Tartaric acid — Dextro rotatory hydrogen tartrate.
Dihydroxy-succinic acid. — It is found in vegetables and fruits either as free
acid or in combination as potassium tartrate and calcium tartrate. Grapes contain
most of the acid in the form of acid tartrate, crude tartar or argol. To prepare
it, add to the free acid potassium tartrate, chalk, or calcium chloride, when
calcium tartrate is formed ; to this add sulphuric acid to decompose it, when
tartaric acid is set free. Evaporate the solution and crystallize.

Colorless, transparent prisms or a white powder without any odour and of an
acid taste, soluble in water (1 in o*8) and in alcohol (1 in 2’5). Dose — 5 to
20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Refrigerant, used in fevers to allay thirst. In pharyngitis,
pulmonary catarrh mixed with sugar it is given to moisten the throat. In

ACTOL— ARGENTI LACTAS.

291

diphtheria it is used as a paint to dissolve the false membranes. In foetor of the
feet it is applied to correct the foul odour.

Remarks. — Owing- to its cheapness it is used more frequently instead of citric
acid.

Actol— Argenti Lactas. — A white powder without any odour, taste very faint,
soluble in water (1 in 15). It coagulates albumin and forms soluble compounds with
the juices of the tissues of the body or with the secretions of wounds, and thus per-
meates the tissues and extends its action to some distance from the surface. Used as
solution ( 1 in 1,000) it destroys pathogenic microbes. It lessens putrefaction in
the bowels and leads to constipation. Its solution is used to destroy pathogenic
microbes, and hence used as gargle or mouth wash in putrid sore throat,
aphthoe, &c.

Adhesol. — A compound preparation consisting of copal resin 35, gum benzoin 3,
balsam tolu 3, ether 100, oil of thyme 2, B. naphthol 3. Used as a local anodyne
and antiseptic dressing for superficial, inflamed and painful wounds. It evaporates
rapidly, leaving a fine film.

Ether — Ether, B.P. — Sulphuric ether — Ethyl oxide. — Ethers are obtained from
alcohol by replacing the hydrogen of hydroxyl by the same or other alcohol radicals.
The strongest ether contains pure ether with 4 per cent, of alcohol and some water.
Ether sulphuricus, ethyl ether or ordinary ether contains 92 per cent, by volume
of ethyl oxide, the remainder being pure alcohol. It is obtained by the action cf
sulphuric acid on ethylic alcohol and distilling together. Sp. gr. 0*735.

A colourless heavy and highly volatile liquid, vapour very inflammable. It has a
burning sweet but pungent taste and characteristic odour ; soluble in water (1 in 10),
miscible in all proportions with alcohol chloroform, fixed and volatile oils ; it is a
solvent of resins, balsams, and most of the organic alkaloids. It evaporates speedily
on exposure to the air, producing intense cold. It has a solvent action on sebaceous
secretions ; hence used as a vehicle for skin medication. It dissolves freely hydrar-
gyrum bichloride, hydrargyrum iodidum rubrum, iodine and bromine. It sparingly
dissolves sulphur and phosphorus. It does not dissolve potash or soda. Generally
used for medicinal purposes. Dose — 10 to 30 ms.; for a single dose to 60 ms.
For hypodermic injection, 20 to 40 ms., generally combined with strychnine and
digitalis.

AEther Purificatus, B.P. —Purified ether. Sp. gr. 0*722 to 0*720. Ether,, freed from
most of the ethylic alcohol and water, best suited for general and local anaesthesia.
Methylated absolute ether is also prepared from methylated alcohol. When purified
and re-distilled, it may be used for local anaesthesia only. If again washed and
re-distilled it is free from methylic ether and is then known as rectified ether and
used for producing general anaesthesia. Preparations of ether — Spiritus Etheris
Compositus, B.P. — Compound spirit of ether. Hoffmann’s anodyne, containing
ether 5^, alcohol 78 and sulphuric acid 36 ; water 1^ with sodium bicarbonate to
neutralize the liquid ; given in gastralgia, colic, * flatulence, hysteria and in tropical
diarrhoea. Dose — 20 to 40 ms. ; for a single dose 60 to 90 ms.

A. C. E. Mixture (Bryant’s anaesthetic) contains alcohol 1, chloroform 2, ether 3.
It is safer than chloroform, quicker in action than ether. Hence used in midwifery
practice.

.Ether Phosphoratus— Ethereal tincture of phosphorus contains phosphorus 4, puri’
fied ether 200. Dose — 1 to 10 ms. in neuralgia.

Spiritus Etheris, B.P. — Spirit of ether, contains ether 10, alcohol 20. Dose— 20 to
4° ms., for a single dose 60 to 90 ms.

292

HYDRAMYL ETHER.

Compound anaesthetic ether contains amyl hydride i, rectified ether 4 ; used as
an anaesthetic.

Hydramyl ether — Contains amyl hydride and absolute ether equal parts ; used
for local and general anaesthesia.

Oleum iEthereum — Ethereal oil. Transparent, nearly colourless volatile liquid of
a peculiar ’-aromatic ethereal odour and pungent bitter taste, very inflammable, less
pleasant for inhalation, contains equal volumes of heavy oil of wine and ether.

^Ethereal Oxygen. — A mixture of ether vapour and oxygen ; produced by adding
potassium permanganate to ozonic ether in an inhaler. Used as an inhalation in
whooping cough, asthma, &c.

Physiological action . — Stimulant of the brain, heart and of the motor and sen-
sory nerves, a vaso dilator, also anodyne, hypnotic, sudorific and antispasmodic.
Externally, a powerful refrigerant. Its vapour, if applied to the skin and not allowed
to evaporate, acts as a rubefacient, irritant and vesicant ; it is slower in action than
chloroform and less protracted or more evanescent than alcohol, ammonia, valerian,
brandy, &c. As an anaesthetic it is largely used for inhalation. It is occasionally
used in India, where chloroform is in universal use. As ether is supposed to decom-
pose in a few hours in hot climate, its vapour as an inhalation is more irritant than
chloroform. It produces irritation of the fauces, a sense of strangulation and
cough, often broncho-pneumonia.

As cardial and vasomotor stimulant it raises the blood pressure. The face is
flushed, the pulse becomes frequent and respirations are increased. Tetanic
convulsions with slight cyanosis, rigidity of muscles and stertor follow. In a short
time complete insensibility with relaxation of the muscles and suspension of the
brain functions result. The respiration and circulation being only carried on by the
lower centres in the medulla. If the inhalation be still continued, there is paralysis
of respiration, and finally the heart beats disappear. If the inhalation be now
discontinued, narcosis subsides and vomiting gives relief. Ether inhalation is
better suited in organic cardiac diseases than chloroform. It does not clot the
blood. It is slower in action, the stage of excitement is longer, narcosis less
profound and vomiting- less severe than in chloroform inhalation. As an anaesthetic
it should be avoided in fatty degeneration or dilatation of the heart, renal or pulmo-
nary diseases, fainting fits, enlarged tonsils, tumour in the brain, diabetes mellitus
and chronic alcoholism. It is not suitable for children and old people in whom
there is a tendency for pulmonary affections, in abdominal operations for intestinal
obstructions and in reducing dislocations.

Therapeutics . — Its vapour may be safely employed in neuralgia, cancer,
convulsions, tetanus, hysteria, epilepsy, whooping cough, laryngismus stridulus,
asthma, &c. It is an usual ingredient of stimulant mixtures. It relieves abdominal
discomfort and pain of tympanitis ; stimulates the salivary and pancreatic secretions,
and assists digestion of fatty matters : hence frequently given in combination with
cod-liver oil. As an antispasmodic it is given in hysteria to relieve the paroxysm.
As an anodyne in hepatic colic it is given with turpentine. It is injected hypodermi-
cally either alone or combined with strychnine and digitalis, in cases of collapse
due to cholera or sudden cardiac depression; in asthenic conditions of the system as
in adynamia of pneumonia, eruptive or typhoid fevers, in puerperal state and in
thrombosis of large vessels. It is used as a spray in various forms of neuralgia
as sciatica, lumbago, chorea, &c., and for minor surgical operations, such as
tooth-extraction, reduction of hernia, &c. To avoid unpleasant after-effects of
inhalation, inject hypodermically morphine and atropine, and give nitrous

/ETHER ACETlCUS.

2Q3

Oxide gas biefore the inhalation of ether. In cases of poisoning by the inhala-
tion of ether where the respiration becomes paralysed and there is stertor
with cyanosed face, &c., to resuscitate the patient, stop the inhalation at once,
invert the patient’s head downwards, holding the tongue with the forceps and
drawing it forwards, set up artificial respiration, apply cold douche to the face and
slap the chest. To resuscitate the heart and respiration, inject hypodermically
atropine or strychnine or try faradization. Sometimes inhalation of amyl nitrite or
injection of ammonia hypodermically has been known to do good. Application of
hot bottles or of heat to the body and limbs often restores circulation.

/Ether Aceticus, B.P.— -Acetic Ether — Ethyl Acetate. Mix together sodium
acetate, alcohol and sulphuric acid and distil. To the distillate add potassium
carbonate or calcium chloride and re-distil. Occurs as transparent, colourless, vola-
tile, inflammable liquid, of an aromatic, refreshing ethereal acetous odour, acetous
burning and pungent taste. Highly inflammable. Soluble in alcohol, ether,
chloroform and in water (1 in 10). Dose — 20 to 40 ms., for a single dose 60 to 90 ms.
Used in the preparation of Liquor Epispasticus, Splritus Odoratus and Tinctura
Eerri Acetatls.

Actions and uses.— Stimulant, narcotic and antispasmodlc. It is weaker than
ether, but of a more agreeable taste ; given in combination with other carminatives
in spasmodic nervous affections, as hysteria, neuralgia, &c.

/Ethyl Bromidum— Ethyl Bromide— Bromethyl — Aether Bromatus — Hydro-
bromic Ether, Mono-bromo Ethane. To prepare it, mix alcohol, bromine and phos-
phorus, and distil. It is a non-inflammable, colourless, very volatile liquid, of a
sweet taste and pleasant odour of chloroform, soluble in water (1 to 70), freely so in
alcohol and ether. Liberates free bromine on keeping. Dose — 1 to 2 drs. Used
as capsules 5 ms. in each. Solution (1 in 200) known as liquor ethyl bromidi.

Actions and uses. — Nervine sedative, antispasmodic and anaesthetic. When inhaled
it does not irritate the throat or the air passages. The excitement, the subse-
quent rigidity, and the stage of insensibility are of short duration ; there is slight
mental confusion and prompt awakening. As a local anaesthetic it is rapid in its
effects, abolishes the pain without loss of consciousness. Used in opening abscesses,
boils, in extracting teeth, &c. The liquor is inhaled to relieve the pain of
migraine ; the solution is injected hypodermically in [angina pectoris, whooping
cough, chorea, epilepsy and hysteria. Internally it may be given in asthma and
to relieve flatulence. It must not be mistaken for ethylene bromide.

Aithyl Iodidum — Ethyl Iodide — Hydriodic Ether. — Mix together phosphorus 5,
alcohol 70 and iodine 100, and distil ; or mix together hydriodic acid and olefiant
gas in a sealed glass vessel. A colourless non-inflammable liquid, of ethereal
penetrating odour. Dropped on burning charcoal it emits purple vapour ; contains
80 per cent, of iodine. It is soluble in alcohol and ether, very slightly so in water.
Used as solution 10 to 20 per cent., of which 5 to 6 drops are used for inhalation.
Capsules containing 5 ms. of iodide of ethyl alone or with chloroform 10 ms. are
always kept ready for use, as free iodide of ethyl decomposes in the air and becomes
brown owing to the liberation of iodine.

Actions and uses. — Alterative, general stimulant and anaesthetic. Its chief use is
to bring the system rapidly under the influence of iodine. Used as inhalation in
asthma, cardiac and chronic bronchial or pulmonary disorders, cardiac dyspnoea
and oedematous laryngitis. As a general stimulant it sharpens the appetite,
stimulates the heart and promotes or gives activity to the intellect. As an alterative
it is given in secondary and tertiary syphilis, scrofula, chronic rheumatism, &c.,

294

SPIRITUS yETHERIS NITROSI.

generally given as an adjunct to iodide of potassium. It is also applied with benefit
to the cavity of the uterus.

Spiritus Athens Nitrosi, B.P.— Spirit of nitrous ether— Sweet spirit of nitre.
An alcoholic solution of ethyl nitrite, aldehyde, paraldehyde and other substances.
To prepare it, add diluted sulphuric acid to alcohol to form ether. To this add
nitrous acid produced by nitric acid in the presence of copper wire, when nitrous
ether is formed ; add sufficient spirit to produce a liquid containing 2\ per cent, and
never less than 175 percent, of ethyl nitrite. A clear mobile, inflammable, volatile
liquid, of a pale yellow tint, apple-like odour and sharp burning taste. It is
incompatible with iodide of potassium, sulphate of iron, tinctura guaiaci, tannic and
gallic acids, and antipyrin. Dose — 20 to 40 ms.

Actions and uses. — A diffusible stimulant, vaso dilator, similar to amyl nitrite.
It is a cardiac stimulant ; it lowers the arterial tension, relieves the peripheral vessels
and diminishes oxygenation of blood. It is also carminative, diuretic and diaphoretic.
It is given in fevers to promote sweating. As a stimulant diuretic it is given in
chronic affections of the kidneys. Its action depends upon the presence of ethyl
nitrite contained in it. As many specimens contain very little of ethyl nitrite, some
regard this drug as almost inert.

./Ethyleni Bromidum.— ^Ethylene Bromide — Ethylenum Bromatum. — To prepare
it, pass ethylene into bromine. A colourless liquid of a sweet taste and chloroform-
like odour, insoluble in water, soluble 1 in 4 of 90 per cent, of alcohol. It mixes with
oils and also with alcohol. It contains 90*9 per cent, of bromine. Used in alcoholic
or oily solution or as capsules. Used also hypodermically. Dose — 1 to 2 ms.

Given as a nervine sedative in chronic epilepsy. In large doses it causes nausea.

-/Ethyl Chloridum — Ethyl chloride — Chloride of ethyl — Monochlorethane — Hy-
drochloric ether. To obtain it, heat together alcohol and hydrochloric acid under
pressuie. A highly inflammable gas at ordinary temperature and pressure. When
compressed it forms a colourless liquid of a strong penetrating odour and a sweet
burning taste, readily soluble in alcohol, slightly so in water ; produces intense cold
on evaporation. Supplied in capsules or glass tubes.

Anestile or anesthyl — A mixture of ethyl chloride and methyl chloride. It is a
volatile liquid, evaporating quickly and at a low temperature. As local anaesthetic
both are used as spray in dentistry to extract teeth ; in relieving pain in neuralgia, in
ingrowing of nails, opening abscesses, &c. The spray is applied to the nape of the
neck in girls in hysterical aphonia. Anestile, as an anaesthetic, is quicker and more
extended in action.

./Ethylene Bichloride — Ethene chloride — Dutch liquid. — Contains equal volumes of
hydrocarbon-ethylene and chlorine. A colourless volatile liquid, of a sweet taste and
chloroform-like odour. Soluble in alcohol or ether, sparingly soluble in water. As
an anaesthetic, it paralyses the respiratory centre before paralysing the heart. It
is more powerful and safer than chloroform, but less so than ether. It is more rapid
in its effects, more pleasant to take, causes less excitement, and the recovery from
it is more rapid. In neuralgia it is very beneficial when locally applied. It
generally irritates the throat and is therefore not much used for inhalation.

Liquor Ethyl Nitritis, B.P. — A mixture containing 95 parts by volume of absolute
alcohol, 5 parts by volume of glycerin, and containing not less than 2\ and up to 3
per cent, by weight of ethyl nitrite. Obtained by the action of dilute sulphuric acid
on alcohol and sodium nitrite. A limpid, colourless liquid with apple-like odour and
taste. Sp. gr. 0*823 to 0*826. Highly inflammable. Dose — 20 to 60 ms.

AGATHIN*

295

Actions and Uses.— A good substitute for spiritus setheris nitrosi, to which it is
preferred on account of its containing a fixed and reliable quantity of ethyl nitrite.
Given in asthma, chronic bronchitis, and to relieve dyspnoea.

Agathin — Salicyl Aldehyde la Melhyl-phenyl-hydrazone. — To obtain it, mix to-
gether methyl-phenyl-hydrazine and salicyl aldehyde. Small white crystals, slightly
greenish, without any odour or taste, soluble in alcohol, benzene and ether, insoluble
in water. Dose — 4 to 8 grains. As an antineuralgic, antirheumatic, and analgesic,
used in neuralgia, articular rheumatism and sciatica.

Agurin — A derivative of theobromine. — Analogous to diuretin and uropherin. It
contains larger proportions of theobromine. A white hygroscopic powder, of alka-
line reaction. Soluble in water. Dose — 5 to io-grs. in capsules. A fine diuretic,
increasing the proportion of urea, chlorides and phosphates in the urine, and
hence given in dropsy due to cardiac disease, &c.

Airol— Bismuthi Oxyiodogallas. — A combination of bismuth subgallate and
iodine. A fine light grayish-green powder. Insoluble in water and alcohol, with-
out any odour and without any taste. Unaffected by exposure to sunlight. Ex-
tremely bulky, being 4 times as light as iodoform and twice as light as dermatol.

Used as dusting powder. Ointment (1 in 20) of lanolin, vaselin or lard. Emul-
sion (1 in 10) of glycerine.

Actions . — Non-irritant antiseptic like dermatol, and a good substitute for iodo-
form ; applied to abrasions, unhealthy sores, ulcers and burns. Used as an
injection in gonorrhoea. Used as an ointment in lupus, leprous ulcers, intertrigo,
boils, whitlows, chancres, &c.

Akolethe. — A solution of the sedative principles of opium. It is free from nause-
ous taste and from any other unpleasant after-effects of opium. Dose — 10 to 30 ms.
Used as an anodyne and hypnotic, with satisfactory results in obstetric practice.

Albargin. — A silver and albumen compound, containing silver and gelatose (a
transformation product of glue). A bulky powder of a yellow colour, freely soluble in
cold and warm water without decomposing. The solution is neutral. It contains
15 per cent, of silver. Used as an injection (2 per cent, solution) in gonorrhoea.

ALCOHOLS,

These are hydrocarbon bases in combination with hydroxyl ; or hydrates of the
organic radicals. They are volatile organic compounds, containing no nitrogen.
They have a great affinity for water. With acids they form ethers ; hence alcohols
are similar to metallic hydrates, as ethers are to salts.

Varieties. — Alcohols are principally methyl alcohol, phenyl alcohol and fermented
alcohols.

Methyl alcohol is obtained by the destructive distillation of wood ; phenyl alcohol,
or phenol, obtained by the distillation of coal tar ; and fermented alcohols, as ethyl,
amyl, &c., from any vegetable substance containing sugar or starch, with the
ferment (diastase) by the action of yeast plant on the sugar by splitting it up into
alcohol and carbonic acid. Alcohol is synthetically prepared by shaking up olefiant
gas with strong sulphuric acid, by subsequent dilution and distillation.

Alcohol is a transparent, colourless, inflammable volatile mobile liquid, of an
agreeable odour and burning taste. It burns with a blue flame. When slowly
oxidised it forms aldeh}rde ; if less slowly, acetic acid ; if quickly, carbonic acid
and water.

2g6

ALCOHOL ABSOLUTUM

Alcohol Absolutum, B.P. — Absolute alcohol — Pure alcohol — Ethyl alcohol—
Ethyl hydroxide. — It should not contain more than i per cent, of water by weight.
Sp. gr. 794 to *7969.

Alcohol deodoratum contains about 92^ per cent, by weight of absolute alcohol.

Alcohol Dilutum, B.P. — Diluted alcohol contains 70, 60, 45, and 20 per cent, of
absolute alcohol by volume.

Spiritus Rectificatus, B.P. — Rectified spirit contains 9° parts by volume of
ethyl hydroxide. Sp. gr. ’8340. It is miscible in ether, chloroform and in water,
without producing any cloudiness ; used in preparing- liquors, mixtures, tinctures,
spirits and liniments.

Spiritus Tenuor.— Proof spirit contains spiritus rectificatus and water (5 to 3).
Sp. gr. 920.

Denaturalized methylated spirit contains rectified spirit with 10 per cent, of wood
spirit or mineral naphtha by volume. Amylic alcohol exposed to the air oxidizes
into valerianic acid. It is used in the preparation of amyl nitrite, sodium valerianate
and valerianic acid. Alcohol Methylicum — Methylic alcohol — Methyl hydrate—
Pyroxilic or pyroligneous spirit. — In commerce known as wood naphtha or wood
spirit, occurs as a liquid, of a very disagreeable odour.

Spiritus Myrcise — Bay rum. — Contains oil of myrciae 16, oil of orange peel r,
oil of pimento 1, alcohol 1,220 and water to 2,000.

Alcohol Allylicum — Allyl alcohol — Allyl Hydroxide. — A colourless liquid of a
pungent odour and burning taste, mixes with water ; a powerful antiseptic.

Alcohol Amylicum, B.P — Amyl alcohol — Amyl hydrate — Potato spirit — Fusel
oil. — Obtained from potato by fermentation and repeated distillation ; also from crude
spirit. It is an oily liquid, colourless, of a peculiar oppressive odour and burning
acrid taste ; soluble in alcohol, ether and essential oils and insoluble in water,
becoming milky.

Spiritus Frumenti — True whisky. — To obtain it, distil the mash of fermented
grain, such as corn, wheat or rye, or a mixture of all three. An amber-coloured
liquid of peculiar odour and taste. It contains 44 to 50 per cent, by weight, or 50 to
58 per cent, by volume, of alcohol. Sp. gr. from 917 to 930.

Spiritus Vini Gallici, B.P. — Brandy. — To obtain it, distil fermented juice of fresh
grapes. It contains 36*5 per cent, by weight and 43*5 per cent, by volume of ethyl
hydroxide, together with some volatile oil. On long keeping, oenanthic and other
ethers are developed. Caramel is often added to give colour to it. It is often
artificially prepared by adding to high wines acetic or nitric ether, caramel, and
logwood or catechu for astringency.

Vinum Album — White wine. — To obtain it, ferment juice of fresh grapes freed
from seeds, stems and skin. It contains 10 to 14 per cent, by weight and 12*5 to
17*5 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol.

Vinum Rubrum — Red wine. — To obtain it, ferment the juice of colored grapes
with skins. It contains the same quantity of alcohol as in the white variety.

Vinum Xericum, B.P. — Sherry or Spanish wine.— Pale yellowish brown wine,
containing 16 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol.

Gin. — It is similar to spiritus juniperi compositus. It contains 42 Per cent, by weight
of alcohol. To obtain it, distil fermented barley or rye and flavour with juniper,
hops or turpentine, various aromatics ; also acetate of lead, cayenne pepper, sulphate
of zinc, &c. Dry acid wines— Hock, Moselle, Rhine, &c. — contain alcohol 5 to 7
per cent.

SPIRITUS COLONIENSlSi

297

Beer, ale and portef are fermented liquors obtained from malted grain with hops
or other bitters added. Beer contains 2 to 3 per cent, of alcohol. Ale and Porter
Contain from 4 to 6 per cent, of alcohol. Kumyss is obtained from fermentation
of mhk ; it contains sugar, lactic acid, fat, casein, salts, carbonic acid and alcohol
1 to 3 per cent.

Rum is distilled from fermented molasses. Contains 42 per cent, of alcohol.

Spiritus Coloniensis — Eau-de-Cologne — Cologne water— Perfumed spirit — Spiri-
tus odoratus. — Contains alcohol 800, water 158, acetic ether 2, oil of bergamot 16,
oil of lemon 8, oil of rosemary 8, oil of lavender flowers 4, oil of orange flowers 4.

Aromatic wine — Vinum Aromaticum. Contains white wine 94, lavender 1,
origanum 1, peppermint 1, rosemary 1, sage 1, wormwood 1.

Sparkling wines (Champagne, Hock, sweet wines). — These are charged with
carbonic acid and prepared from grape sugar. Contain alcohol 8 to 10 per cent.

Physiological action. — Stimulant, anzesthetic, intoxicant, deliriant, antipyretic,
sudorific, and antispasmoidc. Taken undiluted, it stimulates the circulation, there
is dilatation of the arterioles, a general feeling of glow over the whole body. When
taken in a diluted form and in moderate doses, it stimulates the brain, increases
the gastric juice, stimulates the gastric glands, promotes appetite, and assists
digestion. Under its use the quantity of waste products, as urea and carbonic
acid, becomes less, and there is a slight increase of body heat. In large doses, and
frequently taken, it irritates the gastric mucous membranes, precipitates pepsine,
and leads to hepatic and gastric congestion, to chronic gastritis, dyspepsia and
vomiting of gastric mucus. In the brain it leads to alcoholic delirium characterised
by great restlessness, want of sleep, tremor of the tongue and limbs, and delusions
with the sense of sight. When taken for a long time and in still larger quantities,
the liver becomes cirrhosed, its parenchymatous structure atrophies, and it
undergoes fatty degeneration. There is fatty degeneration of the heart and
kidneys, with the attendant gout, diabetes, epilepsy and insanity. Persons taking
alcohol, especially sweet wines in large quantities, often become obese. In
them, alcohol, acting upon the ameboid movements of the white corpuscles of
the blood, diminishes oxidation of the tissues, and lead to imperfect combus-
tion of fat, which finally accumulates. Its effects upon the nervous system is at first
excessive stimulation soon followed by depression. At first the intellect is affected,
then the judgment, next the imagination ; there is want of control over emotions, the
patient either cries or laughs loudly without any cause. He soon loses control over
speech, mutters incoherently and thickly. The movements are inco-ordinately
performed and often become paralysed. The reflex movements are abolished.

Therapeutics.— Alcohol is of benefit in all cases where the heart and the general
system require to be supported. It prevents the shock both before and after opera-
tions. Brandy diluted with hot water produces diaphoresis, chiefly in the threatened
attack or in the cold stage of ague and in coryza. In weak digestion given in
small doses it stimulates the gastric secretion.

Whisky is preferred because brand for brand it is obtained of a purer quality
than brandy. In more serious cases, brandy is a better stimulant, as it contains
volatile oils and oenanthic ether. It has, however, a tendency to produce constipa-
tion in some. Unless brandy is of a superior brand, its use even in extreme cases is
not desirable.

Wines, on the other hand, are indicated during convalescence from acute diseases
in the aged, feeble or those exhausted by over-work and those suffering from low

38

298

ALDEHYDE*

fevers and other asthenic conditions, to sustain the heart and general physical
strength. As a general stimulant and antipyretic alcohol is given in pneumonia,
diphtheria, typhoid and other fevers. It is used in extremely large doses, sometimes
as much as 4 to 6 ozs. of brandy in 24 hours. In erysipelas, pyaemia and other
septic fevers it is given to retard suppuration. It is also used as a restorative after
great fatigue. It is generally given to deaden local pain and cause sleep. In
anaemia, chlorosis and profuse haemorrhages, in syncope and in snake poison its use
is very extensive. Red wines contain more tannin and hence given in leucorrhcea,
diarrhoea, &c.

Locally, alcohol is a rubefacient and slightly anaesthetic ; applied to the skin
it evaporates, leaving a sense of coolness, contracting the peripheral vessels
and checking the secretion of the sweat glands. If applied to the mucous mem-
brane of the mouth or pharynx, there is a burning sensation in the mouth with
increased flow of saliva and irritation in the throat. In contact with the mucous
membrane it produces slight anaesthesia.

Locally, diluted alcohol is a disinfectant and antiseptic ; also cooling and astrin-
gent ; used as a lotion for wounds, sores, bruises, sprains, &c. Eau-de-Cologne
with water is used as a lotion for headache. Locally applied to bedsores, cracks
and chaps on hands, nipples, &c. Diluted alcohol is used as a rubefacient over the
surface of the body in fevers ; it relieves the pain of lumbago, myalgia, &c. The
lotion is used as a gargle in affections of the throat, tonsils, larynx, pharynx and in
diphtheria.

Aldehyde is a contracted form for alcohol dehydrogenated. It is an oxidation
product of alcohol, chemically intermediate between alcohol and acid.

Acetic Aldehyde. — A colourless liquid, of a characteristic odour, miscible with
water, alcohol and ether ; readily oxidises into acetic acid. Vaporizes on exposure
to the air.

Aldehydum dilutum contains 15 per cent, of aldehyde. A colourless neutral
liquid, odour very suffocative, causing spasms of the glottis when respired.
Dose — One tea-spoonful of a solution (80 ms. to 1 oz.) to a pint of water. As an
inhalation the vapour is used for nasal and laryngeal catarrh and ozaena.

Allyl-tribromidum — Tri-bromo-propane. A colourless or yellow liquid, very
soluble in ether and alcohol, crystallizes in cold. Dose — 5 to 10 ms. Used in
capsules, also hypodermically, 2 to 3 ms. of it with ether 20 ms. It checks con-
vulsions due to picrotoxin or strychnine. It is given in hysteria, asthma, whoop-
ing cough, infantile convulsions, gaslralgia, neuralgia and angina pectoris, with
benefit.

Alphol — Salicylic Ether of A. Naphthol. — A whitish powder, insoluble in water,
soluble in alcohol Dose — 8 to 30 grs. Intestinal, antiseptic, antirheumatic and
anodyne ; given in rheumatism, neuralgic affections, gonorrhoea, vesical catarrh,
&c.

Alsol. — Aluminii Aceto Tartras. — Aceto-tartrate of Aluminium. Dissolve basic
acetate of alumina 5 in solution of tartaric acid 2, and evaporate. Fine yellow
granular crystals, soluble in water (1 in 1), insoluble in alcohol, ether and glycerin.
Used as a gargle (30 grs. to a pint), douche (sol. 2 per cent.) and snuff. A
non-poisonous caustic, antiseptic, disinfectant and local irritant. In contact
with mucus membranes it produces a superficial scar with effusion of serum ;
chiefly used in diseases of the nasal fossae as polypi of the pharynx and larynx. As
a gargle with boracic acid it is used in rhinitis, sore mouth, tonsillitis and sore
throat, and as a douche in leucorrhcea.

ALUMNOL.

299

Alumnol. — Aluminium-Napthol-di-sulphonate. — An aluminum salt of naphthol,
and sulphonic acid. A greyish light powder, soluble in water, less soluble in
glycerin and alcohol. It precipitates albumen and gelatine. The precipitate is
soluble in excess of ether. Used as solution 1 to 5 per cent., ointment 10 per cent. ;
suppositories and soloids 4 grs. each to prepare solution.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic, astringent, non-irritant, allied to sozal and
sozoidol. As an antiseptic the solution is used in purulent discharges from ulcers
and from small abscesses and cavities. The ointment is used as a dressing for
suppurating wounds and in parasitic skin affections. A 4 per cent, solution is
used to check lachrymal discharges and as an injection for gonorrhoea, ozsena, &c.
The dry powder is applied- to the throat in laryngitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, &c.

Aminol — A liquid containing trimethylamine and other amines prepared from
herring brine. — Used as solution, lotion, gargle or spray. As a liquid disinfectant
and germicide it is given internally in diabetes and also used to disinfect cesspools,
sewers, &c.

Ammonii Picras — Carbazotate of Ammonia. — A yellow crystalline salt. Dose —
^ to i| gr. Used in pill. As an antiperiodic it is given in ague and malarial
fevers. A good substitute for quinine.

Ammonol — Ammoniated Phenyl Acetamide. — A coal-tar product containing
acetanilide 2, sodium carbonate 1, ammonium carbonate 1, and a yellow dye
(a trace).

Occurs as amorphons crystals or white or pale yellow powder. Taste and odour
pungent and ammoniacal, sparingly soluble in water. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Ammonol Salicylate. — Contains salicylic acid 50 per cent, and acetanilide 17 per
cent. Used as a powder or tabloids 5 grs. in each.

Actions and uses. — Antipyretic, analgesic, stimulant and expectorant. Given in
gastric and intestinal catarrh, neuralgia, migraine and rheumatism.

Amyl Hydride— Pentyl Hydride— Pentylene— Hydramyl. — Other impure

varieties are known as rhigolene and ligroin. Obtained by fractional distillation
from petroleum spirit. It is the lightest inflammable liquid, of a faint and pleasant
odour and slight taste. Its vapour can be inhaled easily without irritation.

Preparations. — Anodyne amyl colloid and anaesthetic ether.

Actions and uses. — General and local, non-irritant anaesthetic, used as a spray or
inhalation. Locally applied, it freezes the part. A weak solution of it mixed with
spermaceti and camphor is applied with cotton wool on burns.

Amyl Nitris, B.P. — To obtain it, add nitric acid to, or pass nitrous acid vaponr
into, amylic alcohol and distil ; or mix sodium nitrite, amylic alcohol, and sulphuric
acid together and distil. It consists chiefly of iso-amyl nitrite with some other
constituents, such as isobutyl nitrite, propyl nitrite, &c. An ethereal pale-yellow
liquid, of a peculiar fragrant odour and pungent aromatic taste, neutral or of
slightly acid reaction, almost insoluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol, ether,
chloroform and benzin. Used as inhalation. Dose — 2 to 5 ms. ; for inhalation
internally in capsules \ to 1 m.

Preparation. — Mistura amyl nitritis. (4 ms. to 1 oz.) Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Physiological action. — Nervine sedative, cardiac and hepatic stimulant and res-
piratory depressant. Like other nitrites it lowers arterial tension, paralyses the
sympathetic system, or the vasomotor centre. When inhaled, it causes a powerful or
tumultuous action of the heart, throbbing of the carotids, flushed face, frequent pulse
and vertigo. As a respiratory depressant, it paralyzes the respiratory muscles, dimin-
ishes the oxygenation of blood, lowers the body heat, and the blood becomes dark.

300

AMYL NITRITE*

It increases the quantity of* and gives risd to sugar in, the urirfC,
Therapeutics . — A good palliative in angina pectoris, chiefly of a nervous
origin, also in epilepsy and tetanus. Inhalation of 2 or 3 drops breaks off
the cold stage of ague. In respiratory neurosis, as asthma, hysteria,
neuralgia, convulsions, headache, laryngismus stridulus, migraine and whoop-
ing cough, in renal and hepatic colic it is of great benefit. As a cardiac
stimulant it is given in threatened syncope or collapse, and faintness ; occasionally it is
used in sea sickness, sometimes in poisoning by strychnine, cocaine or chloroform.
It should be very cautiously given in old subjects or in those with organic disease of
the brain and heart.

Tertiary Amyl Nitrite — Bertoni’s Ether. — Prepared from tertiary amyl alcohol
or amylene hydrate.

An amber-coloured mobile liquid, of a camphoraceous and terpin-like odour, inso->
luble in water and in alcohol and slightly so in glycerin. The vapour is
inhaled from 60 to 90 ms. in a day. Used like amyl nitrite as a hypnotic, nervine
sedative or cardiac stimulant. The effects are more lasting and more marked. It
dees not cause flushing of the face. Given in angina pectoris, epilepsy, convul-
sions, and hysteria. In large doses, cyanosis supervenes, which should be taken as
a guide either to reduce the dose or stop it entirely. Given in threatened syncope
or collapse, hysteria and other spasmodic diseases, laryngismus stridulus, and
whooping cough.

Amyloform. — A chemical combination of formaldehyde and starch. A fine
white powder, insoluble in any menstruum, free from smell, slightly gritty to the
touch. Used like iodoform as antiseptic dusting powder or as gauze.

Actions and uses. — Non-toxic germicide, non-irritant, arrests unhealthy discharges
from wounds, ulcers, &c., which become clean and granulate freely. It leaves
no ill after-effects of iodoform. Removes the foetor, and checks the growth
of bacteria. The gauze is used for plugging the uterus after curetting it
in cases of retained placenta.

Amyleni Chloral. — Di-methyl — Ethyl — Carbinol — Chloral. — A combination of
chloral and amylene hydrate. An alcoholic colourless oily liquid of a peculiar
camphor-like odour and slightly caustic taste. Insoluble in water, freely soluble in
ether, alcohol, acetone and fatty oils. Dose — 20 to 60 ms. As a hypnotic it causes
refreshing sleep, does not interfere with digestion. Given in insomnia, vomiting
of pregnancy, ovarian irritation leading to nausea, mental worry, &c.

Amyleni Hydras — Amylene Hydrate. — Di-methyl-Ethyl-Carbinol. — Tertiary

Amyl Alcohol. To obtain it, treat impure amylene with sulphuric acid, diluted
with water, neutralize with milk of lime or liquor soda, and then distil. A clear
oily liquid, of a peculiar penetrating odour, resembling a mixture of camphor and
peppermint, and of burning taste, soluble in water ( 1 in 8), freely so in alcohol,
ether, chloroform, benzene and glycerine. Used as capsules. Dose — 30 to 80 ms.

As a hypnotic, antispasmodic, and sedative it is safer than chloral, and more agree-
able than paraldehyde. It does not interfere with digestion. Given in epilepsy,
insomnia, &c. It should not be given during fever. It is antagonistic to strychnine.

Amyli Iodidum— Amylum Iodatum — Iodized starch. — A deep, bluish-black
powder ; a weak combination containing iodine 1 and starch 20. Dose — 1 to4drs.
As an alterative given in syphilis, in lupus erythematodes, also in putrid diarrhoea.
Used as an antidote in cases of poisoning by alkalies, alkaloids, alkaline sulphides,
ammonia and sulphuretted hydrogen.

AMYLI SALICYLAS.

301

Amyli Salicylas. — A good substitute for methylic salicylate. A colourless fluid,
odour resembling that of salol. Insoluble in water, soluble in ether, chloroform
and alcohol. Dose — 3 grs. in capsules. As a sedative and antirheumatic it is
used as a paint over the joints (about 30 grs.) and the evaporation retarded by a
compress of guttapercha. Given internally to relieve rheumatic pain and swelling
of joints.

Analgene — Benzanalgen— Ortho-oxy-ethyl-ana-mono-benzoyl-amido-quinoline.
A derivative of chinolin and a coal-tar product. White or colourless crystals,
tasteless, insoluble in water, readily soluble in hot alcohol or acids. Dose— 5 to
15 grs. It has a destructive action on the red corpuscles of the blood. It is
analgesic, antirheumatic and antineuralgic like phenacetin and antifebrin, but
leaves no unpleasant after-effects. Given in acute rheumatism, fever, neuralgia,
hemicrania, bronchial asthma, &c. It gives the urine a very high red color.

Analgesine — Contains acetanilide 60, ammonium chloride 20, citrate of caffeine
10, and sodium bicarbonate 10. Dose — 5 to 15 grs. Used as analgesic, anti-
neuralgic and antipyretic, in fever, rheumatism, neuralgia, &c.

Anasarcin — A combination of the active principles of oxydendron arboreum,
sambucus canadensis, urginea scilla, &c. Used in Bright’s disease, valvular
cardiac disease, cirrhosis of the liver, goitre, dropsy, &c.

Aniline — Phenylamine — Monophenylamine — Amido benzene. A coal-tar pro-
duct. A colourless oily liquid. Odour characteristic. Soluble in alcohol, ether and
oils. Exposed to the air it assumes a pale straw colour. Aniline colours : These
are — Methylene blue, methyl violet (pyoktanin) and fuchsine (magenta). Aniline
compound — Contains aniline 1 part, oil of eucalyptus 7 ; oil of anise, peppermint
and gaultheria may be added as diluents. Used as an inhalation in phthisis.

Aniline Camphorate — Small, white, pinkish prisms. Soluble in water, alcohol
and glycerin. Taste pungent and acrid. Dose — 1 to 3 grs. Used as an anti-
spasmodic internally or hypodermically in phthisis.

Aniline sulphate with bismuth nitrate is given in asthma. Dose — £ *° 3 ST8,

Actions and uses. — Aniline is bactericide ; used to destroy tubercle bacilli in the
blood.

Anilipyrin— Obtained by heating acetanilide 1 and antipyrin 2 parts. A fine
powder, soluble in the usual solvents. Dose — 8 to 15 grs. It is slightly toxic.
Given in influenza, headache, neuralgia, &c.

Anthrarobin — Des-oxy-alizarin — Dioxy anthranol. It is obtained by the action
of nascent hydrogen on alizarin, or by the reduction of alizarin by zinc dust.
A good substitute for chrysarobin. A light brown or yellowish-white powder,
insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, glycerin, and
alkaline solutions. It has a great avidity for oxygen and when exposed to the
air it oxidizes readily, hence used as a powerful deoxidizing agent and as
antiseptic ointment (5 to 10 per cent.) in tinea tonsurans, herpes, erysipelas,
psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, &c.

Antiarthrin — A condensation product of the extractives of the horse chestnut.
To obtain it treat the extractives with salicin, hydrochloric acid, dextrose,
tannic acid, or saligenin. A white powder soluble in alcohol, alkalies, and
sparingly so in acetone. Used as powder or tablets. Dose — 15 to 25 grs. As
an analgesic, antilithic, diuretic and hypnotic, it relieves pain, discomfort,
swelling and redness of the joints. Hence given in gout, rheumatism, uric acid
diathesis, with gouty deposits and in cases where salicylic acid and piperazine
have failed.

ANTIFUNGIN.

302

Antifungin— Liquor magnesii boratis. Contains magnesium carbonate 2, boric
acid 15, and water 75. Used as a paint in diphtheria.

Antikamnia.— Means opposed to pain. A coal-tar product of hydrocarbon or
benzene series. Contains acetanilide 7 o, caffeine 10, and sodium bicarbonate 20.
It is a white powder of a bitter taste and alkaline reaction. Insoluble in water,
dissolves freely in all alcoholic liquids. Used as tablets 5 grs. each or com-
pound powder containing heroin hydrochloride x\ gr. Dose— 5 to 15 grs.

It is a respiratory stimulant, sedative, expectorant and analgesic. Given for
the relief of neuralgic, rheumatic, and other acute pains. It does not depress
the heart like antifebrin or antipyrin. The compound powder is given in
nervous persistent headache, trifacial neuralgia, sciatica, pulmonary affections
and in laryngitis, pneumonia, dyspnoea, coryza, and whooping cough. In dysme-
norrhoea chiefly of the spasmodic variety it is very beneficial. In nocturnal'
cramps, in nervous tremors, in confirmed drunkards and in angina pectoris it is
used with good results.

Antikol— Antilupin— Contains acetanilide 70 per cent, with quinine bisulphate,
caffeine citrate and sodium bicarbonate 10 per cent. each. Given in tablets for
the relief of neuralgic and rheumatic, pains, in fever and atonic dyspepsia.
Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Antinervin — Sal bromalide (salicyl bromalide) - Contains acetanilide 2, bro-
mide of ammonium or potassium 1, and salicylic acid 1. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Used as a hypnotic in insomnia, hypochondriasis, &c.

Antinonnin— A mixture of ortho-dinitro-creso-kalium with soap and glycerin.
A yellow paste , odour soapy, soluble in water (1 in 20). As an antiparasitic and
insecticide used in skin diseases infected with animal parasites, and to pre-
serve wood from dry rot and from fungi.

Antinosin — A soluble sodium salt of nosophen. A greyish-blue powder of a
faint iodine odour. As an antiseptic and disinfectant, used as an injection in
minor gynaecological operations. In vesical catarrh the solution is injected
into the bladder with benefit. Dose — 3 to 8 grs.

Antiphlogistine — Contains glycerin, boracic acid, salicylic acid, iron carbon-
ate, peppermint, gautheria, eucalyptus and iodine combined with dehydrated
oxide of silicate of magnesia and alumina# Used as an antiseptic, anodyne and
antiphlogistic dressing; as warm and thick poultice over inflamed glands, boils,
synovitis, tonsilitis ; in inflammation of the skin, muscle or joints ; also in acute
rheumatism, pleurisy, pneumonia, peritonitis and erysipelas.

Antipyonin and Glacialine — To obtain it equal parts ofboracic acid and borax
are heated together in water. The solution evaporated and crystallized. A
fine powder, of a greasy feel. Used as an antiseptic.

Antipyrinum, Analgesine — Phenazonum Phenyl-di-methyl-iso-pyrazolone, B.P.
A coal-tar product. A synthetic base forming salts, analogous to those of
ammonium. Obtained by the action of aceto-acetic ether on phenyl-hydrazine,
the resulting phenyl methyl-iso-pyrazolone is next treated with methyl iodide.
Colourless, inodorous scaly crystals, of a bitter taste, soluble in water (1 in 1),
in alcohol and chloroform (1 in ix) and in ether (1 in 40). It gives a green
colour with nitrous acid and a yellow colour with nitric acid, deep red with
ferric chloride. Dose — 5 to 20 grs. Used as granular effervescent antipyrin (1
in 12). Dose — 1 dr.

Injectio antipyrin et cocaine hypodermica — I gr. of cocaine hydrochloride in 150
ms. of Injectio antipyrin hypodermica or containing 1 grain of antipyrine in 2 ms.
Dose — 8 to 30 ms. Suppositories 5 grs.each; antipyrin tablets 3 grs.each; antipyrin
aromatic elixir. Dose — a table spoonful (15 grs). Given in bilious headache.

ANTIPYRIN-SALOL.

303

Physiological action — A powerful, certain, and rapid antipyretic, cerebral
and cardiac depressant, general analgesic and haemostatic, also mydriatic,
antiseptic and diaphoretic. It at first stimulates the heart, and a sense of heat
with flushing of the face is experienced for a short time, followed by a lowering
of temperature, cold skin and profuse diaphoresis. If given in large doses, it
gives rise to nausea, vomiting, great depression of spirits. If given with kairin
the lowering of the temperature lasts longer than when given alone. After a
time the temperature rises preceded by a slight chill. In some cases it dilates
the pupils. Its presence is found in the urine within a short time after taking it.
In some cases of idiosyncrasy it gives rise to urticaria In toxic doses it
depresses the function of the spinal cord and leads to paralysis of the motor and
sensory nerves, it acts as a poison on the blood, it decreases arterial pressure
and acts as an analgesic, and it is useful in relieving pain in rheumatism.

Therapeutics. — It is given in large doses as 15 grs. in sthenic fevers,
typhoid fever, influenza, erysipelas, acute rheumatism, tuberculosis, and sun-
stroke where the temperature is very high. Being non-irritant and anal-
gesic it is given with benefit in migraine, bilious headache, hemicrania
and injected hypodermically in tic doloureux, lumbago, sciatica, biliary
and nephritic colic, in asthma and in severe dyspnoea. In incontinence of
urine and in diabetes its use is highly extolled. The pains during delivery,
without retarding its progress, may be relieved by rectal enema of 30
grains in 6 ounces of water. It also relieves uterine after-pains. Given with
sodium carbonate it is said to dissolve urinary calculi. It relieves nervous irri-
tation and restlessness of hysteria, allays itching in pruritis, lichen, erythema,
pemphigus, urticaria, &c., and is given with benefit in epilepsy, chorea, whoop-
ing cough, and locomotor ataxia. Like cocaine it is a local anaesthetic. As a
haemostatic it is by some regarded as superior to ergot. The solution is used
as a spray (1 in 40) in haemoptysis, and in epistaxis, uterine haemorrhages and in
bleeding from wounds. In pulmonary and other haemorrhages it succeeds
where ergot, digitalis, &c. , have failed. In sea sickness it is very useful. As
a galactafuge it suppresses the milk secretion. In infantile diarrhoea it has
proved very useful. It is very effective in promoting absorption of pleuritic
effusions.

Antipyrin-Salol — Prepared by heating equal parts of antipyrin and salol.
A brown powder. As an haemostatic given in uterine haemorrhages.

Antipyrin tannas — Contains antipyrin and tannic acid (1 in 32). A yellowish,
flaky powder of a shining lustre of mother-of-pearls ; without any taste, freely
soluble in alcohol, readily decomposed by mineral acids. As an antipyretic and
analgesic it is given to children in fever, rheumatism, &c. Dose — 5 to 10 grs,

Antisepsin — Asepsin — Aceto-bromanilid — Parabrom-acetanilid — Monobrom-
acetanilide — Monobrom-phenyl-acetamide. A bromine substitution compound of
acetanilide. To obtain it add bromine to an acetic acid solution of acetanilide.
Purify and crystallize. Colourless prisms without any odour or taste, contains
37 per cent, of bromine ; soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. Dose — 3 to
x5 8TS* Used as suppositories % gr. each. As an analgesic, antipyretic and
antiseptic it is used in septic fevers as typhus and typhoid, in facial neuralgia,
phthisis and rheumatism. Its antipyretic power is four times as strong as
that of antipyrin, but does not produce nausea. It has some specific action like
gelsimium upon neuralgia of the fifth nerve. Locally it forms a fine coating
when applied to wounds and bites. Ulcers heal rapidly under it. Suppositories
are used for haemorrhoids and anal fissures.

304

AMTISEPTIN.

Antiseptifl— Boro-thymol-zinc-iodide. Iodo-boro-thymolate of zinc— Contains
sine sulphate 85 parts, zinc iodide 2*5, thymol 2*5, boric acid 10. A grayish*,
white powder of the odor of thymol. As a dusting powder used as an antiseptic
for wounds, ulcers, &c.

Antisepticine contains thyme, eucalyptol, peppermint, gaultheria and benzoic
and boracic acids. A fine powder, odour aromatic, taste somewhat pungent.
Used as dusting powder or solution. As antiseptic injection is used in leucor-
rhcea, gonorrhoea and in catarrhs of the mucous membranes. Internally it is
given in zymotic diseases as typhoid and other septic fevers, diarrhoea,
dyspepsia, &c. As a dusting powder it is used for wounds, burns, ulcers and!
suppurating surfaces.

Antiseptol — Cinchonine-iodo-sulphate — Obtained by the interaction of iodine
and iodide of potassium on cinchonine sulphate. A compoundi analagous to
quinine iodo-sulphate (herapathite). A brown powder, non-irritant, without
any odour, soluble in alcohol and chloroform and insoluble in water ; con-
tains 50 per cent, of iodine. Used as an antiseptic. A good substitute for
iodoform.

Antispasmin— Sodii narceine salicylate. A combination of sodium narceine
and sodium salicylate. A white-reddish and slightly hygroscopic powder,
freely soluble in water ; contains narceine (1 in 2). Dose — £ to 1 x/z grs. Used
as hypnotic, antispasmodic and sedative in rheumatism, neuralgias, colic,
whooping cough, laryngismus stridulus, &c.

Antitetraizin. — A preparation qf quinine ; given for the relief of neuralgic
pains, influenza, &c. Dose— 3 to 6 grs.

Antithermin — Phenyl-hydrazine — levulinic acid. A coal-tar derivative, a
direct combination or a compound preparation of phenyl-hydrazin with aceto-
propionic or levulinic acid. Colourless crystals insoluble in water, sparingly
soluble in alcohol. Dose — 3 to 5 grs. Antipyretic. Allied to antipyrine. Given
in high fever. It sometimes causes pain in the stomach.

Anusol — A combination of bismuth with iodo-resorcin and sulphuric acid. Used
as suppositories. As a disinfectant and deodorizer it has a specific action upon
the rectal mucous membrane. As a desiccant it is used for suppurating and
hypersecreting surfaces. As an astringent it is applied to granulating sores.
It relieves constipation, softens and removes hardened foeces, and thus causes
easy and painless aefoecation. In haemorrhoids it is very useful. In catarrh
of the rectum and intestinal tuberculosis and for hypertrophied prostate it is
very beneficial. Suppositories — 10 grs. each.

Anytols. — These are oily bodies, a new series of compounds possessing the
property of rendering insoluble substances soluble in water. They are formed
from various mineral oils and hydrocarbons. The oil or hydrocarbon is first
treated with sulphuric acid, then neutralized with ammonia. The ammoniated
salt formed is called anytin. The precipitate is next treated with alcohol, evapo-
rated and crystallized. The crystallized salt is called anytol. Those combined
with sulphur, about 10 per cent., are the best. Iodine anytol contains iodine
10 per cent, and is used in tonsillitis, leprosy, eye-diseases and ulcers. Meta-
cresol-anytol (metasol) is used as a spray 2 per cent, solution, in otitis, ozaena,
diphtheria, &c. Eucalyptol anytol or eucasol is used 5 ms. in 6 ozs. of water
as a gargle or inhalation in stomatitis, sore throat, and influenza. Ichthyol-
silver-anytol or ichthargen contains silver 30 per cent. Used as an injection
(1 in 500) in gonorrhoea.

APIOLUM.

305

Apetol.— A compound preparation containing nux vomica, gentian, calumba,
quassia, Virginian prunes, spiroea tomentosa, cinchona rubrum, sumbul,
moschus; aurantii cortex, aromatics and sherry wine. Used as tonic, aromatic,
bitter, stomachic, vaso-motor excitant and gastric stmulant. It is claimed for it
that it aids digestion and assimilation of food. Stimulates the gastric and intes-
tinal secretions and increases the flow of saliva. As a bitter tonic it increases the
glandular secretion of the stomach and stimulates the liver. It thus promotes
proteid digestion of fats and carbo-hydrates. As a secondary effect it enriches
the blood, and every organ and tissue of the body gain in its growth and
repair. As a tonic it is found beneficial in sexual debility or impotence. It
increases the muscular and nervous activity. In nervous exhaustion and in
nervous headache, anaemia, hysteria, chorea, in gastric catarrh and in vomiting
of drunkards it is very beneficial.

Apiolum. — To obtain it, bruise parsley seeds, exhaust them by light acid, petro-
leum or ether, and distili; a semi-congested butter-like residue remains. Digest
the residue with alcohol, and evaporate. Next treat it with a caustic base and
redistil. A reddish-coloured liquid of the odour of parsley. It is different from
the camphor, named apiol, which is solid. Used in capsules, 5 ms. each, as a
uterine sedative, relieving pain in dysmenorrhoea. Its chief action is as a
stimulant of the genital organ, chiefly the uterus ; given in amenorrhoea and in
vicarious menstruation. Dose 3 to 6 ms.

Apiolum crystallizatum — Crystallized apiol, a stearoptene, obtained from
above. A good substitute for quinine. Used also as an injection with olive oil
in malaria and dysmenorrhoea. Dose — 3 to 10 grs.

Apolysin — monophenetedin citrate. — A granular yellowish-white powder ;
odour peculiar, taste less acid than that of citric acid ; soluble in cold water
(1 in 80), freely soluble in hot water, alcohol, glycerine and sulphuric acid. Used
as an analgesic and antipyretic ; non-toxic. Given with caffeine salts and bro-
mides in neuralgia, migraine, sciatica, influenza and lumbago. Dose — 8 to 30 grs.

Argentamine, Ethylene-diamine-silver-phosphate. A combination of silver
phosphate 10 per cent, and ethylene-diamine 10 per cent. ; an alkaline liquor,
turning yellow on exposure to air. It destroys pathogenic microbes. As a
paint, injection (1 in 4,000), or solution (1 in 1,000) it is used as an antiseptic,
germicide and astringent. When applied it penetrates more deeply into
the tissues than nitrate of silver. Used as an urethral injection in gonorrhoea.
In ophthalmia in children the eyelids are everted and painted with a 4 per cent,
solution followed by boric solution as a wash.

Argentol. — Argentic-quinaseptol. Silver-oxy-chinolin sulphonate. An organic
combination of silver with oxy-chinolin or quinaseptol or chinosol. A non-
irritant yellowish powder, without any odour, a substitute for iodoform. It
decomposes in the presence of septic substances and gives off oxy-quinoline.
Used as dusting powder, ointment (1 in 50) and emulsion or injection (1 in 1,000).
As a non-poisonous antiseptic, non-irritant, and deodorant it is used as an
injection for gonorrhoea. The dusting powder is used to heal extensive wounds
and promote granulations. Also used in syphilitic sores and in skin diseases.
As a haemostatic it acts on bleeding wounds.

Argonin — Silver-casein. — An orgainc combination of silver nitrate, casein
and soda. A white powder soluble in hot water rendering the solution yellow.
It does not stain the hands. It is not precipitated by chlorides or albumen.
An injection 1 to 10 per cent, is used as a non-irritant antiseptic. Its action
is weaker than that of silver nitrate or argentamine. It has no effect on intestin?

39

3o6

ARISTOLUM.

microbes. Specially useful in catarrhal and purulent conjunctivitis and as an
injection in gonorrhoea.

Aristolum.— Aristol— Di-iodo-di-thymol— Di-thymol-di-iodide— Iodide of thymol
annidalin. A combination of iodine 45*8 per cent, with potassium iodide in an
alkaline solution of thymol. An amorphous, brownish or red, unstable, non-toxic
powder, without any odour or taste ; exposed to the air it decomposes and
iodine is liberated. It is insoluble in water and glycerin and sparingly soluble in
alcohol and freely soluble in chloroform, ether, collodion and fixed or fatty
oils. It should not be mixed with alkalies, metallic oxides, or starch, as it readily
liberates iodine.

Preparations.— Solution, 5 to 10 per cent, in oil or ether. Collodium aristol
containing 10 per cent. Ungentum aristol contains aristol 5 to 10 per cent.
Oleum aristol contains 10 per cent, in oleic acid. Liquor aristol ethereus con-
tains 10 per cent, in etherial solution. Linimentum aristol contains aristol 5grs.,
ether and alcohol idr. each, and soft soap 1 oz.

Actions and uses. — A valuable antiseptic, superior to iodoform, iodol or
sozo-iodol, being free from odour, non-poisonous and less irritant. Used
in burns, wounds, scrofulous and varicose ulcers as a valuable antiseptic
dressing, in dentistry and in gynaecology, as an insufflation in cancer of the cervix
uteri. It relieves pain, stops bleeding and lessens discharges. It is used as
dusting powder in piles, in foetid discharges from the eye, ear, and nose, also
in herpes, tinea tonsurans, eczema, psoriasis, mycosis, lupus of the face, &c. As
acicatrizant it is used in chancres and other syphilitic ulcerations. If long con-
tinued it gives rise to iodine poisoning.

Arsinyl — Di-sodium-methyl-arseniate — An organic arsenical salt chemically
allied to cacodyl, non-poisonous— properties allied to those of cacodyl. It does
not, like cacodyl, impart offensive garlic-like odour to the breath and sweat ;
very useful in pernicious anaemia, tuberculosis and in malaria, where quinine
has failed. Dose— i gr., given as globules, elixir and injection.

Aseptol. — A solution of sulpho-carbolic acid— Ortho-phenol sulphonic acid or
sozolic acid. The acid is prepared by the action of strong sulphuric acid on
phenol. Occurs as a syrupy liquid ; of a sour, acid taste and faint odour of
phenol. Soluble in water, alcohol and glycerin. As an antiseptic and disinfectant
it is similar in action to but possessing only one-third the power of carbolic
acid and salicylic acid, but has hardly any poisonous or irritant effects. As
an antiseptic it is used in surgical and eye operations. A diluted solution is
applied as a paint in diphtheria and laryngitis. In the case of swollen gums and
aphthae it brings the gums to their normal condition and arrests the flow of pus,
Internally it is given in pharyngitis and laryngitis with benefit.

Aseptolin— It is a solution containing Pilocarpine. — Phenas, or pilocarpine
carbolate — Contains 275 per cent, of carbolic acid mixed with 0*02 per cent, of
pilocarpine salt, viz. , Pilocarpine-phenyl-hydroxide. Used hypodermically in
phthisis and in chronic malaria. It is injected into the abdominal parietes or
into the muscles of the back. Dose 50 to 200 ms.

Aspirin, Acidum-Acetylo-salicylicum— Acetic ether of salicylic acid — Salicylo
acetic acid. A good substitute for salicylic acid and its salts — a combination
of acetic and salicylic acids, superior to sodium salicylate. White crystalline
needles of an agreeable and slightly acid taste. When brought in contact with
blood tissues and intestinal juices, it splits up into acetic and salicylic acids. It
is soluble in water, ether, alcohol and in alkaline solutions. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.
Anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and anti-fermentative ; it does not affect the heart

BENZOL.

307

nor interfere with digestion. It passes through the stomach unchanged, de*
composing only in the alkaline intestinal fluids. Given in fevers, rheumatism
and gout. It temporarily alleviates the pain in glaucoma, iritis, &c. It is
given in pleuritis with marked benefit. It is better borne in 15 gr. doses in
diabetes mellitus than sodium salicylate. In influenza its good effects in
relieving headache are well marked. Also given in chorea with benefit.

Aulde’s Acetanilide compound — Contains acetanilide 70, caffeine 10, sodium
bicarbonate 20. Used as tablets (compressed). % gr. in each. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Basicin. — A good substitute for creosote and its derivatives. A vegetable
antitoxin. A solution is used hypodermically as injection ; the ointment
containing Fowler’s solution, basicin and lanolin, is used as inunction. As
a sedative and antiarthritic with potassium iodide it is given internally in
typhlitis and tuberculous affections, also in hip-joint disease. Locally the
ointment is applied to abscesses and to the chest in tubercular diseases of
the lungs, to the liver in cases of gallstone, and in hip-joint affections. The
solution with atropine is used as a paint in diphtheria.

Bacillol.— A tar distillation product similar to lysol ; contains cresoles 52 per
cent. It is freely soluble in water and without any odour. Used as solution
(1 per cent.) and powder. A powerful disinfectant, acts well on bacterum coli,
bacteria of typhoid fever, &c. Used as dressing for infected wounds to check
suppuration and to render granulations healthy. A 0*5 per cent, solution is used
to irrigate the bladder. A 1 per cent, solution as a douche for the vagina.

Benzanilide— Benzoylanilid — Phenyl Benzamide — A coal-tar product obtain-
ed by the interaction of benzoyl chloride or benzoic acid on aniline in the
presence of caustic soda. A white powder or colourless scales, almost inso-
luble in water, soluble in cold alcohol (1 in 58) and in hot alcohol (1 in 7).
Dose — 1 to 6 grs. (children), 5 to 10 grs. (adults). Antipyretic, similar to anti-
febrin but safer, especially suitable for children. Given in fever, small-pox, &c.

Benzbetal — Benzoyl-Phenyl-Amido-Acetic Acid. A coal-tar product. A white
powder without any odour or taste. Insoluble in cold water, partially soluble
in hot water, freely soluble in spirit. As an antiseptic and antifermentative it is
given in diarrhoea, dysentery, enteritis and cholera. Dose — 50 to 90 grs.

Benzinum — Benzin — Petroleum Ether — Petroleum Spirit, Petroleum Benzin. —
A purified distilled product from petroleum. It is met with in transparent, colour-
less, diffusible highly inflammable fluid ; odour less disagreeable than that of
petroleum ; soluble in ether, alcohol, chloroform, benzol, fixed and volatile oils.
Insoluble in water. Sp. Gr.670 to *675. Boils at 1220 to 140° F. A good solvent
for fats, resins, caoutchouc, alkaloids, &c. Dose — 5 to 20 minims in sugar or
emulsion. Antispasmodic, antifermentative, sedative and anticatarrhal. Itchecks
gastric fermentation like creosote or carbolic acid. It is given in dyspepsia,
whooping cough, influenza, rheumatism and gout. Used externally for herpes,
urticaria and prurigo. Petroleum spirit is used to remove grease from clothing.

Benzo-iodhydrinum— Said to contain iodine, chlorine, and benzoic acid. A
crystalline body soluble in alcohol. A substitute for potassium iodide. As an
alterative given for chronic bronchitis, asthma, scrofula, syphilis, &c. Dose—
1 to 2 grs. with sugar.

Benzol, B.P.— Benzene phenyl hidride. A coal-tar product. To obtain it,
purify petroleum with sulphuric acid and redistil. It contains 70 per cent, of
benzene and 20 to 30 per cent, of toluene. A colourless, volatile liquid, free from
opalescence, of a strong and characteristic odour. Sp Gr. 880 to 888. Dose — 5
to 10 ms. on sugar.

3°8

BENZO-NAPHTHOL.

Preparations . — Guttse benzol contains benzol 4, oil of peppermint 1, olive
oil 20. Used as drops into the ear in otorrhcea. Syrupus benzene — Contains
benzol pure 30 ms., glycerine 1^ oz., ol-menth. pip. 10 ms., syrupus mori 4 drs.

Dose — 1 to 2 drs. For whooping cough. Emulsio Benzol — Benzol 80 ms.,
rectified spirit 120 ms., spirit chloroform 150 ms. mucilage of tragacanth j oz.,

water 8 ozs. Ointment — Containing benzol and lard (1 to 8).

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic, sedative and insecticide ; the emulsion or syrup
is given in influenza and whooping cough. As a parasiticide it is applied
locally to destroy pediculi capitis or pediculi pubes, also parasitic itch, scabies,
&c.

Benzo-naphthol — Benzoyl-naphthol — Naphtyl-benzoate — Beta-naphthol-benzo-
ate. Obtained by the interaction of beta naphthol and benzoyl chloride. It
occurs as colourless, acicular crystals, darkening by keeping ; soluble in alco-
hol, chloroform, nearly insoluble in water and ether. Dose — 4 to 10 grs. It is a
gastro intestinal disinfectant, intestinal antiseptic and diuretic. In the intes-
tines it splits up into beta naphthol and benzoic acid, the latter of which is then
eliminated by the kidneys. It is used in dysentery, intestinal catarrh, typhlitis
and appendicitis. As an antiseptic and astringent it is given in typhoid and in
dyspepsia and for preventing fermentative changes in the stomach ; locally used
to allay itching of pruritus senilis.

Benzo-para-cresol — Para-cresyl-benzoate. — Prepared by the actions of benzoyl
chloride on sodium salt of para-cresol. Met with in colourless needles. Soluble in
chloroform, ether, hot water ; insoluble in cold water. Used as an antiseptic.

Benzosol — Guaiacol Benzoas — Benzoyl ester of Guaiacol — Benzosolum. To
obtain it heat guaiacol with benzoic acid. A colourless crystalline powder, of a
faint bitter almond-like odour and without any taste ; contains 54 per cent, of
guaiacol. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform. It is
eliminated in the urine as guaiacol and benzoic acid. Dose — 4 to 10 grs. in
capsules. An agreeable substitute for creosote. As an anti-tubercular and
intestinal antiseptic it is given in incipient stage of phthisis, also in diarrhoea
of tuberculosis, and diabetes mellitus.

Betol — Naphthalol, Naphthol-salol — Naphtyl salicylate — Salicylate of beta-
naphthol-ether. A compound like salol, but containing beta-naphthol in place
of phenol. Obtained by the condensation of beta-naphthol and salicylic acid.
White scales or crystalline powder, without odour or taste. Insoluble in
water and glycerin ; soluble in boiling alcohol, ether, benzene and oils. Dose —
2 to 8 grains. As an antiseptic, antirheumatic, antizymotic and anodyne used
in acute rheumatism with better results than those obtained from salol and
other salicylates. Its chief use, however, is in putrid discharges from the
intestinal tract, in gonorrhoeal cystitis and other forms of vesical and intestinal
catarrh. If is also recommended in acute rheumatism. In gonorrhoea, bougies
(1 to 4) of betol have been used.

Bismuthi subiodidum— Bismuth subiodide — Bismuthi-oxy-iodidum — Bismuth-
oxy-iodide. A heavy, brownish-red, amorphous powder, without any odour or
taste, insoluble in ordinary media. Dose — 2 to 4 grs. Used as an antiseptic
like iodoform. Externally the dusting powder or ointment is applied on burns,
on suppurating wounds, sores and ulcers. Injection of 1 per cent, in suspension
is used in gonorrhoea. Internally it is given in dyspepsia, pyrosis, flatulence,
typhoid fever and ulcer of the stomach.

Bismal — Bismuth-Methylene-di-gallate. A bismuth salt containing methylene
and gallic acid. A greyish-blue bulky powder, soluble in caustic alkaline

BiSMUTHOt

309

solutions, insoluble in water or gastric juice. As an intestinal astringent
given in tuberculosis and tubercular and protracted diarrhoea. Dose — 1 to
5 g^s.

Bismuthol — Bismuth-sodium — Phospho-salicylate. A greyish non-toxic powder
Used as an antiseptic dusting powder with talc (1 in 4), or as an ointment
with petroleum (1 in 4), or as an aqueous solution (1 in 40), externally for
suppurating wounds and ulcers ; as an injection in gonorrhoea and a wash for
burns and scalds.

Bismutose. — A bismuth and albumen compound ; equivalent to magistery of
bismuth. Dose — 15 to 30 grs. Used as an astringent, sedative and protective in
irritable conditions of the digestive tract as hyperacidity, dyspepsia, vomiting,
diarrhoea, in the ulcerated condition of the stomach, as in typhoid, dysentery,
tuberculosis, &c.

Bitumen — A solid tar found on the shores of the Dead Sea, Trinidad, Barba-
does, &c.

Vernacular . — Arab. — Hajar-ul-musa ; Guj. — Bomb. — Silajita ; Eng. — AsphaU
turn, Mineral pitch, Jew’s pitch ; Pers. — Momiai.

Silajita literally means lac or exudation from rocks or stone. It is a kind of
metallic earth, and exists as a dark, sticky and unctuous substance which melts
easily with heat and burns sometimes without leaving any residue. Its taste is
bitter ; smell resembles that of cow’s stale urine. It is supposed to be an exuda-
tion from bituminous rocks filled with petrified fossil deposits containing fish,
or it is a mineral pitch or tar formed in the earth from the decomposition of
vegetable substances. It consists of crude paraffin or petroleum, with iron and
solid bitumen. It contains an oil which when distilled is known asichthyol. Used
as a paste and bhasm. To prepare silajita paste : — Macerate silajita in the juice
of kadu nimado, gulavela, and ghee. To prepare silajita bhashm : — Take
silajita 20, gandhaka 20, and haratala 10; mix together, triturate in the juice of
bijorun, and roast. Dose — 1 to 2 grs. As an alterative, tonic, aphrodisiac,
anthelmintic, diuretic the bhasm is given in retention of urine, scalding due to
gravel, gonorrhoea, also in cough, consumption, &c. As a tonic it is often given
in anaemia, general debility, diabetes, leucorrhoea, &c. As an abortifacient
it causes uterine contractions and thus promotes expulsion*of the foetus. Its
suppositories are used to remove ascarides from the rectum. The paste is
locally applied to relieve rheumatic pains in joints, and used as an embrocation
in paralysis, contusions, sprains, &c.

Boral — Aluminum Boro-tartrate. A fine powder soluble in water. Used as
antiseptic and astringent dusting powder in skin diseases and in sweating in
armpits and for foetid feet.

Borobenphenene. — A combination of boracic acid, benzoic acid and phenol.
A fine liquid, very volatile, of a pleasant odour and agreeable taste. It
mixes freely with water, glycerin and alcohol. Used for inhalation or as solu-
tion. Dose — 15 to 60 drops. It is a safe non-irritating antiseptic ; it destroys
bacteria and prevents its development. It also prevents decomposition of
animal and vegetable matter. Very useful in diseases of the ear, nose and
throat. In bronchitis its inhalation is very useful. Locally it is applied to wounds,
ulcers, &c., and used as gargle, inhalation or injection. Internally it may be
given as an intestinal and gastric antiseptic in diarrhoea, dysentery, &c.

Borophenol. A combination of borax and carbolic acid in equal parts. A

colourless liquid soluble in water. As an antiseptic and disinfectant used like
carbolic acid.

3io

BROMAL HYDRAS.

Branalcane.— It contains boro-glyceride solution 30*8 per cent, in glycerin
with resorcin 2 per cent., the whole coloured with rubin. Used as a paint or
gargle or spray containing 1 in 50 of warm water. As an antiseptic, analgesic,
the paint is applied in diphtheria, tonsillitis and thrush ; as a spray or injection
in ozcena, otorrhoea and leucorrhoea ; as a wash in skin diseases, eczema, such
as impetigo, taenia, favus, lichen and pruritis.

Brenzcain — Guaiacol benzyl ether. A combination of benzin with guaiocol
in ether. In colourless crystals ; soluble in alcohol and ether ; used as
artitubercular ; but it is free from the caustic action of guaiacol.

Bromal Hydras — Bromal Hydrate — Tribromo-acetic-ortho-aldehyde. Oblique
colourless crystals less soluble in water than chloral hydrate. Dose— 2 to
5 grs. in pills. As a hypnotic it is superior to chloral hydrate, but apt to cause
vomiting, pyrosis and diarrhoea ; in insomnia it relieves pain and produces sleep ;
given to relieve intestinal and renal colicky pains. Locally applied it causes
irritation and inflammation of the skin.

Bromalin — Bromethylformine — Hexamethylen-tetramin-bromethylate. In co-
lourless flakes or white crystalline powder, easily soluble in water. Dose — 10
to 30 grs. A nervine sedative, anti-epileptic, antaphrodisiac, antispasmodic, anti-
emetic and motor depressant ; weaker than bromide of potassium. It leaves no
disagreeable secondary effects of the bromides, no skin eruptions, nor intoxica-
tion. It does not interfere with the action of the kidneys and heart. Given in
large doses in epilepsy. Also in priapism, cordee, &c. In spasmodic diseases
as chorea, hysteria, hepatic or intestinal colic it is of benefit.

Bromidiaa — An American nostrum, resembling liquor bromo-chloral compositus,
containing in each fluid drachm chloral hydrate 15 grains, bromide of potassium
15 grains, extract of cannabis £ grain, extract of hyoscyamus £ grain. Dose —
30 to 60 ms. Used as a hypnotic in insomnia due to nervousness, also in
neuralgia, headache, mania, epilepsy, convulsions, delirium tremens of fever and
in colic.

Bromipin.— A compound of bromine, potassium bromide and sesame oil ; a
substitute for alkaline bromides. Yellow oily fluid. Taste purely oleaginous ; it
is very easily absorbed. It leaves no secondary ill-effects of ether bromine
preparations. Used as capsules 30 ms. in each. Emulsio bromipin contains
bromipin in syrup or peppermint water. Dose — A tea spoonful or two. Nervine
sedative, motor depressant and antaphrodisiac. It is exclusively assimilated in
the intestines ; used in the treatment of neurasthenia, insomnia, headache,
morbid fevers and in disorders of the nervous system, as convulsions, epilepsy,
&c.

Bromocoll — Gelatine dibromo-tannate, an organic bromine compound con=
taining bromine, tannin, and gelatine ; a substitute for alkaline bromides.
Slightly yellow or colourless powder, without any odour or taste, insoluble in
dilute acids or in the acid gastric secretions, but soluble in the intestinal juices
or alkaline fluids, also in alcoholic fluids : hence not absorbed until it reaches
the intestines. Dose— 15 to 45 grs. in tablets. Used also as a dusting powder
or ointment. As a nervine sedative and soporific it is internally given in
neurasthenia (general or sexual), cardiac neurosis, vomiting, melancholia,
epilepsy and uterine dysmenorrhcea. Like alkaline bromides it does not affect
the heart ; it never causes constipation. It is excreted through the urine. As a
dusting powder it is applied to wounds, excoriations, sores, &c. As an ointment
is used in pruritus, urticaria, and lichen to allay itching.

BROMOFORMUM.

311

Bromoformum— Bromoform — Methyl-tri-bromide, tri-bromomethane. Prepar-
ed by the action of sodium hypobromide on acetone, or by the action of bro-
mine upon a solution of caustic potash and methyl alcohol, or wood spirit, equal
parts. A heavy, clear and colourless liquid, of a peculiar odour and sweetish
taste of chloroform ; very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol,
glycerin and ether ; decomposes or darkens on exposure to the air. If it has
colour it should be rejected as unsafe by reason of decomposition. Dose— 1 to
5 ms. It is a local caustic, antispasmodic, motor excitant and nervine sedative*
It depresses the heart as a sedative. It is given in epilepsy and to relieve
gastric pains, vomiting and phthisical cough. In diphtheria its inhalation has
been used with good results. In whooping cough its administration arrests
vomiting, the expectoration becomes more free, bronchitis disappears, and
violence of paroxysm is reduced to a minimum ; as a spray or injection it is used
in ozsena and applied locally to ulcers on the larynx.

Bromohcemolum. — A compound of hcemol and bromine. It contains 27 per
cent, of bromine. As an alterative and blood tonic it is given in diseases of the
lymphatic system, as scrofula, erysipelas, chronic skin diseases, &c.

Bromol — Tribromo-phenol. Obtained by the action of bromine on carbolic
acid. Colourless soft white crystals, of a disagreeable bromine odour and sweet
astringent taste ; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether,
glycerin, alkaline solutions, fats and fixed and volatile oils. Dose— xx to 1 gr.
Used as ointment (10 grs. in 1 ounce) ; emulsion, 4 per cent, in glycerin.

Actions and uses. — It is not dissolved by the gastric juice. As an intestinal
disinfectant in minute doses it is used in infantile cholera, typhoid fever and
diphtheria. The solution (1 in 25) is used as a paint in diphtheria ; as a caustic
it is applied to tuberculous ulcers, gangrenous sores and purulent wounds.

Bromopyrin — Mono-bromoantipyrin. A true chemical compound of bromine
and antipyrin. White needle-like crystals, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in
hot water, easily soluble in alcohol or chloroform. As an antineuralgic, anti-
rheumatic and nervine sedative it is given in fever, articular rheumatism, &c.
Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Butyl Chloral Hydras, B.P. — Butyl chloral hydrate — Croton chloral
hydrate — Trichlor-butylidine glycol, tri-chlor-butyl aldehyde hydrate, chloral
butylicum. To obtain it, pass chlorine gas through acetic aldehyde and distil.
To the resulting butyl chloral add water and evaporate. Light white and pearly
lamellar crystals, having a pungent fruity odour and warm, bitter and nauseous
taste. Soluble in water (1 to 50), readily soluble in alcohol (1 in 1), glycerin
(1 in 1) and in chloroform (1 in 20). Liquefies on mixing with menthol or antipyrin.
Dose — As an hypnotic, 5 to 20 grs. ; as an analgesic 2 to 6 grs.

Preparation. — Syrupus butyl chloral (1 in 30) ; Mistura butyl chloral, butyl
chloral hydrate 4 grs., glycerin 15 ms., water 1 oz. As an anodyne given in
neuralgia of the throat. Pilula butyl chloral cum gelsemina : — Butyl chloral
hydrate 3 grs., glycerin of tragacanth q. s., gelsemine hydrochloride 2^0 grs. 5
make 1 pill. In facial neuralgia.

Actions and uses — Analgesic, anodyne, hypnotic ; less powerful than chloral.
It does not depress the heart. As an anodyne it is given with glycerin in
neuralgia of the throat. Combined with gelsemine x§o gr* anc* glycerin it is
given in facial neuralgia, in paroxysmal headache, hemicrania, tic douloureux,
sciatica and migraine. Combined with antipyrin and cannabis it is given in
gastric vomiting, dysmenorrhoea, neuralgic toothache and in toothache of preg

/

312 CARBONIS TETRACHLORIDUM.

nancy. Combined with phenol it is given with benefit in whooping cough and
in irritative night coughs of phthisis and in hysteria.

Byne or Malt.— It is the dried grain or seed of barley in which the process
of germination has been started by artificial means. It contains the ferment
diastase. Bynin is liquid malt. A fluid essence of malt. Constituents. — Soluble
albuminoids 20 percent., maltose 23 per cent., dextrine, mineral matter, &c.

Preparations of Byno-hypophosphites— Byno-phosphates— Byno-gly-

cero phosphates— Byno-hemoglobin, &c. Dose — i to 2 drs. as an emulsion. A
nutritious tonic and digestive, given in anaemia, chlorosis, influenza, typhoid
fever, scarlatina, measles, and in convalescence from acute diseases. Excellent
restorative in severe prostration and emaciation, in insomnia and restlessness,
in phthisis, in chronic albuminuria, &c.

Cactina.— Active proximate principle of cactus Mexicana. It is not cumu-
lative and does not cause any depression, and is better borne than other
antipyretics. When given with antipyretics, hypnotics and anodyne it averts
their ill-after-effects. Dose— gr. ; in pellets 1 to 2. As a heart sustainer
and tonic it is indicated in febrile and nervous diseases, in cardiac and general
muscalar relaxation, in palpitation, and in slow, irregular and feeble heart
due to excess of tobacco, tea, coffee or alcohol.

Carbamide — Urea. Colourless dimetric crystal, soluble in water (1 to 1) and
in alcohol. Dose — 5 to 20 grs. Used as a diuretic, antiperiodic in gout,
chronic kidney diseases and in ague.

Calcusol. — A combination of peperidene, parasulphamine benzoate and
potash carbonate. As a solvent, given in uric acid gravel and uric acid dia-
thesis, gout, &c.

Carbonis Tetrachloridum— Carbon tetrachloride. A heavy mobile-volatile
liquid like chloroform, of a pleasant quincelike odour ; used as inhalation and
paint. As a sedative and ansesthetic it is inhaled in hay fever and locally
painted over the painful neuralgic parts to relieve pain.

Celerina — A proprietary medicine. A compound preparation containing
celery, kola, coca, viburnum and aromatics. Every fluid drachm contains 5 grs.
of each drug.

Actions and uses . — Nervine tonic, stimulant and antispasmodic. Given in
impotency, loss of nerve power, neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, paralysis and
hysteria. It is free from the depressing effects of alcohol, nitroglycerin and
caffeine. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Ceresin. — Obtained from ozokerit or earth wax by purifying the volatile
portions of petroleum. It is a hard, white paraffin. Yellow ceresin is ceresin
artificially coloured yellow.

Chinolinum — Chinolin— Quinolin— Leucolin. A constituent of coal-tar oil.
Probably a combination of benzene and pyridine. Prepared synthetically from
aniline or nitro-benzol by heating it with glycerin and sulphuric acid, or by a
destructive distillation of quinine or cinchonine with potassium hydrate. It is a
transparent, oily liquid, taste disagreeable, odour peculiar and penetrating ;
soluble in alcohol, ether, carbon bisulphide and oils, slightly soluble in water. It
is colourless when fresh, but becomes dark-brown on keeping. With acids it
forms deliquescent salts. Dose — 3 to 10 ms. Used as an aqueous solution
(1 in 50 of rectified spirit).

Chinolini tartras or quinolin tartrate occurs in silky, shining, non-deliques-
cent crystals ; odourless or of a faint odour of bitter almonds ; the taste is
somewhat biting, but not bitter, resembling that of peppermint water. It is
soluble in water (1 in 40). Dose — 5 to 20 grs«

CHINOSOL.

313

Chinolini salicylas — Chinolin salicylate. — Less soluble than chinolin tartrate.
Dose — 3 to 8 grs. Quinoline sulphate. — Dose 5 to 16 grs. Quinoline hydrochlorate
used as solution 1 per cent., or pigment. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Chinolin is antiseptic, germicide, febrifuge and antipyretic ; 1 per cent, solution
prevents the lactic acid fermentation and destroys the coagulability of blood.
It is allied to quinine and resembles in action antipyrin, kairin, resorcin, thallin,
&c. Given in malaria, pneumonia, typhoid and intermittent fevers, whooping
cough, diphtheria and neuralgia. As a paint it is used in diphtheria ; a solution
is a good injection for gonorrhoea and is also used as a gargle in diphtheria.

Chinolin-sulpho-cyanas. — A yellow powder used as a solution for injection, and
also as a paint and wash. Used as an antiseptic and deodorizer. It is superior
to phenol. Under its use, pus, diptherin and cholera germs are destroyed. It
is given in gonorrhoea, blennhorragia, &c.

Chinosol. — Potassium oxychinolin-sulphonate, Quinosol. — A derivative of chino-
line. Prepared from cinchonine, also synthetically from aniline, & c.

Met with as non-toxic, non-irritant, lemon-yellow crystals or powder, of an
astringent aromatic taste and saffronlike odour. It is non-volatile. Freely soluble
in water, insoluble in ether and alcohol. Used with boric acid as a dusting
powder, and as a solution (1 in 600) used as an injection. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic, bactericide, disinfectant and deodorant. As an
antiseptic it is regarded as superior to carbolic acid or corrosive sublimate. It
does not coagulate albumin. As a dusting powder it is applied to the throat in
diphtheria, lepra and favus. It removes foetid discharges and renders them
healthy. As an antiseptic injection it is used in nasal and laryngeal affections, in
gonorrhoea and gleet, leucorrhoea and in hepatic and other internal abscesses.
In whooping cough a 1 per cent, solution is injected into the pharynx. Internally
it is given in typhoid fever and in tuberculosis of the lungs associated with high
fever, loss of strength, &c.

Chinotr opine— Quinate of urotropine. — A combination of quinic acid 75 per
cent, and urotropine 25 per cent. A white powder easily soluble in water. Taste
acid. Dose— 30 to 90 grs.

As a uric acid solvent it is given in uric acid concretions. It reduces the
uric acid, while hippuric acid is excreted in considerably larger quantity. Given
for gout, rheumatism and in uric acid diathesis.

Chionia. —Active principle of Chionanthus Virginica. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

A hepatic stimulant without catharsis. It establishes portal circulation.

Chloral Ammonia. — To prepare it, pass ammonia into a solution of chloral in
chloroform, and evaporate. A white crystalline salt, insoluble in cold water. It
is decomposed by hot water. Dose — 5 to 20 grs. As a hypnotic it is given in
insomnia, painful affections of the stomach, renal or hepatic colic, &c. It does
not disturb digestion.

Chloralbacid. — A halogen albumen. A compound of chlorine and albumen ob-
tained from cow’s milk. It is a nourishing salt similar to many modern nutritive
preparations. It is a brown resinous powder, of an acid reaction and with an
unpleasant smell of fatty acids, insoluble in water. Used as cachets. — Dose 2
to 5 Srs • If forms salt with sodium.

Chloralbacid sodium.— A purified salt in fine powder, soluble in water. Dose
— 1 to 2 grs.

4°

3H

CHLORALAMIDUM.

Chloralbacid.— Agastric sedative; used in cancer and other painful diseases of
the stomach. Chiefly useful when there is absence of free hydrochloric acid in
the gastric juice. It is generally given after washing the stomach with a freshly
prepared solution of common salt and soda. Chloralbacid-sodium is a gastric
and intestinal tonic recommended in atonic dyspepsia and chronic gastritis.
Also given in cases of malnutrition as chlorosis, cachexia and neurasthenia.

Chloralamidum. — Chloral formamide — Chloralamide — Chloralum formamida-
tum. — Obtained by the interaction of chloral anhydride on formamide. Shining,
colourless crystals, without any odour and of a slightly bitter taste, decomposed
in hot water or warm alkaline solutions : slowly soluble in water (i in 20), and
freely soluble in alcohol (2 in 3), ether and chloroform. Dose— 15 to 45 grs.

Actions and uses. — Hypnotic, sedative and analgesic ; it renders the breathing
slower, quickens heart action and produces nervous excitement ending in sleep.
It disorders co-ordination and diminishes reflexes. It is superior to chloral ; it
produces no bad after-effects, nor does it affect the heart, nor the digestive
organs, nor cause headache nor create a habit. It is not cumulative. It differs
from sulphonal in that chloralamide causes sleep soon after its administration :
with sulphonal the patient has to wait for some hours. Sulphonal causes de-
pression of the heart and the respiratory centre ; chloralamide is free from these
evil effects. Chloralamide as an analgesic is given to check or relieve the
pain of gastric cancer of malignant liver and gallstones. In gonorrhoea and
in chordee it is a very valuable remedy. In insomnia due to organic lesion of
the heart, to spinal affections, to sweats of phthisis, to typhoid fever and chro-
nic asthma, also in nervous affections as hysteria, chorea, sea-sickness, &c., it is
an excellent remedy. Chlorobrom is given in sea-sickness and sleeplessness.

Chloralcyan Hydrate. — A combination of chloral hydrate and hydrocyanic
acid. Fine crystals soluble in water, alcohol and ether. It contains 6*5 parts
to 1 of hydrocyanic acid. Used as solution. As a sedative similar to hydrocya-
nic acid it is given to check gastric irritation, vomiting, &c.

Chloral Hydras, B.P. — Chloral hydrate — Trichlor-ethylidene-glycol— - Tri-

chloroacetic-ortho-aldehyde— Aldehydum-trichloratum — Trichlor aldehyde. Pass
dry chlorine gas through anhydrous ethylic alcohol when an oily liquid
(anhydrous chloral) is formed. Purify this by adding sulphuric acid and lime,
and distil. Hydration is effected by adding water to the distillate and
evaporating.

Characters . — Non-deliquescent, colourless plates or colourless rhomboidal
loose crystals, like those of Epsom salt, of a pungent agreeable odour and a
pungent bitter taste and neutral reaction ; soluble 3 in 1 of water, freely soluble
in ether and oils and fats ; in alcohol (1 in 1) and in chloroform (1 in 3). It forms
liquid preparations with about an equal quantity of carbolic acid, thymol,
menthol and quinine salts. Becomes acid with water, and is decomposed with
alkalies and is converted into chloroform and a formeate of the alkaline base.
When heated it liquefies at first, then boils and volatilizes without residue.

Preparations — Chloral hydras cum camphora or pigmentum chloral et cam-
phors. A clear syrupy liquid containing equal parts of chloral hydrate
and camphor. It is permanently liquid at ordin ary temperature. It is miscible
with alcohol, carbon bisulphide, ether, olive oil and fat ; insoluble in water or
glycerin, with which camphor is precipitated. It forms a clear mixuret with
chloroform (2 to 3) and dissolves the alkaloids, morphine, veratrine, atropine
(1 in 30). It does not dissolve alkaloidal salts. As a sedative it is used locally

LIQUOR BROMO-CHLORAL COMPOSITUS.

3*5

as a paint in neuralgia, rheumatism and applied over painful parts. With
cocaine (1 in 10) it is used in toothache, due to dental caries. Internally it is
given in mania and sleeplessness. Caffeine Chloral. — Colourless glistening
scales, used hypodermically in 3 gr. doses in constipation, painful gastric
distension, sciatica, rheumatism, &c. Syrupus Chloral, B.P. — (1 in 6). Dose—

^ to 2 drs. Suppository of Chloral. — (1 to 2) of oil of theobroma cocao.

Liquor Bromo-chloral Compositus. — Similar to bromidia : contains chloral
hydrate 160 grs., tincture of cannabis 40 ms,, tincture of orange peel 40 ms.,
henbane juice 160 ms., syrup 3 drs., liquid extract of liquorice 24 ms., also
of potassium bromide 160 grs. dissolved in distilled water 6 drs. and water to
2 ozs. Dose— £ to 2 drs. One drachm contains chloral hydrate and potassium
bromide of each 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Chloral keeps fibrin in the blood in a liquid form. As a
hypnotic it is superior to chloroform, but less anaesthetic. Locally in a mild
form it is antiseptic. The strong solution is irritant to the skin, and if applied
for a long time produces vesication. Internally in medicinal doses it is at first
a mild cardiac stimulant, then a cardiac depressant, dilates peripheral vessels
and lowers arterial tension. It diminishes oxidation of blood and lessens blood
heat. As an antispasmodic it generally produces soothing sleep without leaving
any headache or general depression. In large or toxic doses it produces
profound narcotism, loss of reflexes and complete relaxation of muscles and
paralyses respiration and heart. The blood becomes more fluid, the leucocytes
are greatly destroyed, and death occurs. Long continued use of chlora
(choloral habit) produces marked muscular and general weakness, derange-
ment of the heart, lungs and of liver, jaundice, slate-coloured foeces and insanity.

As a hypnotic it is usually given either alone or very often combined with
opiates, or morphine, or bromides, but not with quinine with which it is incom-
patible, in tetanus, infantile, puerperal and other convulsions. In strychnine
poisoning, in scarlet fever, acute mania, alcoholic delirium and in chorea it is
given with benefit. As an analgesic it is inferior to opium, cannabis, &c. As
an antispasmodic mixed with potassium iodide it is given in bronchial asthma,
and as an antiseptic and sedative it relieves the pain of gastralgia. In high
fever with great restlessness it lowers the temperature and prevents the co-
agulation of fibrin. It is used to relax the os uterii during labour and to
relieve after-pains.

In children it is very useful in convulsion, chorea, whooping cough, diphtheria
and laryngismus stridulus. Externally as a vesicant it is preferred to can-
tharides ; sprinkled over adhesive plasters and then applied to the skin it
produces a blister without causing any pain ; its plug is applied to carious teeth
and to relieve localized neuralgic and other pains. In alopecia and dandriff, a
lotion (1 in 12) is used with benefit. In night sweats a lotion of chloral 1 dr.
with 8 ozs. of brandy is used to sponge the body ; a weak water solution is used
as an injection in gonorrhoea, gleet ; also applied to foul ulcers, foetor of the
feet, chapped nipples, &c. Hypodermic injection of chloral is useful in cholera,
tetanus, hydrophobia, and in cases of extreme urgency as strychnine poisoning,
arsenic poisoning and puerperal convulsions. It should not be given in in-
flammation of the stomach, to persons with weak or fatty heart, in atheroma in
cases where the bronchii are chronically loaded with secretions, and in Bright’s
disease.

Chloral Imide. — Prepared by the action of heat on chloral ammonia. Colour-
less, tasteless needles, slightly soluble in water, sparingly so in alcohol and

3i6

CHLORALOSE.

freely in ether. With mineral acids it is decomposed into chloral and ammonia ;
not so with organic acids. Dose — 4 to 8 grs. as an antipyretic ; 5 to 30 grs.
as a hypnotic. As an analgesic and hypnotic it is more powerful than chloral-
amide

Chloralose. — Anhydro-glyco chloral. Obtained by the action of anhydrous
chloral on glucose. In small colourless crystals, of a bitter and disagreeable
taste, soluble in ether, alcohol, and hot water, slightty soluble in cold water ;
used as capsules or cachets. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. As a hypnotic, it reduces

excitability of the gray matter of the brain, causes profound rest and dreamless
sleep. There is no loss of consciousness, no irritation of the stomach or in-
testines. Specially given in epileptiform insomnia.

Chloralum. — Obtained by the double decomposition of aluminium sulphate and
calcium chloride. A pale, yellow liquid or a dark solution similar in composition,
but weaker than liquor aluminii chloridi, the colour is due to its containing some
ferric chloride ; used as an antiseptic. 10 ms. to 1 oz. of water forms a spray or
gargle. Also used as a paint in diphtheria and sore throat.

Chloratol. — Prepared by the action of iodine on turpentine. A greenish-brown
liquid ; on exposure to the air it becomes darker and thicker. Insoluble in water,
sparingly soluble in alcohol, and freely soluble in ether, turpentine, chloroform
and acetone. Used as an antiseptic, either pure or as an ointment, in skin
diseases, or mixed with collodion 10 per cent.

Chlorobrom. — Obtained by a combination of chloral amide and potassium
bromide, each 30 grs., in one ounce flavoured with liquorice. Dose — § to 1 oz.
Used as a hypnotic and sedative in sea sickness and in insomnia.

Chloroformum — Chloroform, B.P. — Terchloride of Formyl— Trichlorome-
thane — Di-chlormethyl chloride, chloride of bichlorinated methyl, methyl trichlo-
ride.— Chemically chloroform is formed by the substitution of three atoms of
chlorine for three atoms of hydrogen in methyl hydride. Obtained by the action
of chlorinated lime and slaked lime on ethylic alcohol and distilled water or on
acetone. It may be obtained from chloral by decomposing it by an alkaline
hydrate. Chloroform, B.P., has the sp, gr. 1*490 to 1*495 and contains about §per
cent, by weight of ethyl hydroxide (alcohol), which prevents its decomposition.
Absolute chloroform has the sp. gr. 1*5002. It decomposes on exposure to
light and air and forms free chlorine and carbonyl chloride or phosgene.
Commercial chloroform contains chloroform 98 per cent, and sundry hydro-
carbons, aldehyde, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, &c.

Characters. — A diffusible, heavy, clear, colourless, mobile liquid, of a charac-
teristic agreeable odour and a pungent sweet taste and neutral reaction ; freely
soluble in alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile oils, benzol or benzin, but very
sparingly soluble in water (1 to 200). It does not mix with glycerine. It
dissolves guttapercha, mastiche and most resins, also iodine, bromine and
many organic alkaloids. It is a spare solvent of phosphorus and sulphur. It
forms a good excipient for the salts of iron, soda salicylate, potassium bicarbon-
ate, potassium chlorate, borax, &c. Dose — 1 to 5 ms.

Preparations. — Aqua Chloroformi, B.P. — Chloroform water (1 to 400). Dose —

4 drs. to 2 ozs. Emulsum Chloroformi— Emulsion of chloroform. Chloroform
4, almond oil 6, tragacanth ij, water 100. Dose — 1 to 6 drs. Linimentum
Chloroformi — Chloroform liniment, B.P. — Chloroform 1, liniment of camphor.
Spiritus Chloroformi, B.P. — Chloric ether (1 in 20) of alcohol. Dose — 30 to
40 ms. Tinctura chloroformi et morphinae composita, B.P. —Dose — 5 to 15 ms.
Ten minims contain morphine hydrochloride T'r gr., chloroform ^ m*, diluted

LIQUOR CHLOROMORPHI^E. 317

hydrocyanic acid Yz m., tincture of capsicum Y m*> tincture of Indian hemp
1 m., oil of peppermint m., glycerine ij m., and alcohol to make io ms.
Linimentum Chloroformi Compositum. Compound chloroform liniment ; it con-
tains turpentine 2, chloroform 2, tincture of opium 1, and tincture of
aconite Y- Tinctura Chloroformi Composita. Chloroform 2, rectified spirit 8,
compound tincture of cardamoms 10 (1 in 10). Dose — 5 to 60 ms. Cholroform
capsules contain 10 ms. in each. Used in asthma. Chloroform and ethyl iodide
capsules, contains 5 ms. of chloroform and 10 ms. of ethyl iodide in each, for
inhalation. Chloramyl— Chloroform containing 2 drs. amyl nitrite to 1 lb.

Liquor Chloromorphise— Chloromorphia solution — contains chloroform

1*50 ms., glycerin 4 ms., liquid extract of liquorice 1 m., morphine hydrochloride
Ty gr., solution of atropine sulphate ^ m., oil of peppermint m. Mix, dissolve
and add alcohol to 10 ms. Dose — 5 to 15 ms. Resembles chlorodyne in active
constituents.

Parson’s Local Anesthetic — contains chloroform 12, tincture of aconite 12,
tincture of capsicum 4, tincture of pyrethum 2, Ol. caryoph. 2, camphor 2. Mix
as a local application to painful parts.

A. C. E. mixture contains alcohol 1, chloroform 2 and ether 3.

Physiological action. — Antispasmodic, gastric and cardiac sedative, general
anesthetic, general anodyne, and anti-emetic ; locally rubefacient and more
powerful irritant than ether. It has direct action on the mucous membranes.
If taken in large doses it causes narcotism followed by gastro-enteritis. In
small doses it acts as a motor excitant. It should be diluted with air 96^ per
cent, to produce anaesthesia with safety.

When inhaled, it produces at first rather an agreeable sensation ; after a
time there are noises in the ears, flashes of light before the eyes, a feeling of
heavy weight upon the chest, throbbing of the carotids, and the pulse is heav-
ing. Then the patient commences laughing or crying or there is incoherent
speech with screaming. This stage is soon followed by one of comfort, the pulse
becomes quiet, respiration easy, the consciousness is gradually lowered,
answers questions incoherently ; there is muscular excitement and struggles
soon followed by complete insensibility and the relaxation of the muscles of
upper and lower limbs. The reflex action is abolished, feeling of pain lost,
and the pupils are contracted. The eyes not affected by light.

Therapeutics. — Locally it is used as a wash or a gargle, in affections of the
mouth, gums, teeth and pharynx ; also used as a vaginal plug to check uterine
haemorrhage. Internally as an antispasmodic it is given in cough, asthma,
hysteria, colic and to relieve flatus. As an analgesic or sedative it is used to
relieve indigestion and in gastric ulcer to relieve both pain and vomiting. Lo-
cally as an anodyne it relieves the pain and itching of mosquito bites, also the
pain of neuralgias, toothache, headache, &c. As a cutaneous irritant it is used
with various liniments ; and if the vapour is kept confined on the skin it acts as a
mild counter-irritant or vesicant. Combined with opium it is applied to the pit of
the stomach to relieve hiccough, vomiting, gastralgia, &c. As a general anaesthe-
tic by inhalation it is advantageously employed in asthma, in dyspnoea depend-
ent on lung affections, emphysema, in cardiac asthma and in irritable cough of
phthisis. It is also serviceable in puerperal convulsions. Opinions vary as to the
superiority of this or that anaesthetic ; however, in India it is most universally
used. When there is an overdose (by inhalation) it depresses the heart, causing
syncope and apnoea with stertorous breathing and cyanosis. The Hyderabad
Commission appointed to investigate its effects have come to the conclusion that

318

CHLOROPHYLL.

death from choloroform inhalation is due to the arrest of respiration. In cases
of prolonged operations morphine is sometimes hypodermically injected before
the inhalation of chloroform, and sometimes when the heart is weak a dose of
brandy precedes inhalation.

Chlorophyll.— The pure colouring matter of leaves «to which alkaline carbo-
nate is added to prevent decomposition. Soluble in alcohol or ether. Used for
colouring medicinal agents.

Citrophen.— A very stable preparation. A combination of citric acid and
paraphenetidin. A white acidulous and non-deliquescent powder. Soluble in cold
water (i in 40) or carbonated water. Taste pleasant and acid. Dose— 3 to 8 grs.

Physiological action.— Antipyretic and anti-neuralgic, similar to phenacetin or
lactophenin. Its favourable influence upon rheumatic affections is due to
the citric acid present in it, whilst its antipyretic sedative and anti-neuralgic
action is due to paraphenetidin. In the stomach it splits up into its component
parts by the aid of gastric juice.

Therapeutics. — As a thirst reliever it is given in febrile diseases ; as sedative
it is given in deranged nervous conditions, in nervousness, hysteria, neuras-
thenia ; in sleeplessness, influenza, acute infectious diseases ; and in whooping
cough, in myocarditis, and palpitation of the heart. In fever with symptoms of
exhaustion, also in exanthematous fevers it is of great service. As an anti-
rheumatic it is superior to soda’salicylate, and is given in odontalgia, lumbago,
epididymitis, facial neuralgia, &c.

Cosaprin, a sulpho derivative of acetanilide. Freely soluble in water. Used
as antipyretic. The action is very prompt.

Creosal. — Heat together beechwood creosote and tannic acid in equal
quantities, and add gradually phosphorous oxychloride. A deep brown hygros-
copic powder, soluble in water, alcohol, glycerin and acetone, and insoluble in
ether and fatty acids. Dose— 15 to 30 grs. As non-caustic astringent used
in inflammatory throat and lung affections.

Creolin — Creolinum — Liquor Antisepticus, J eye’s disinfectant fluid, soluble
phenyle. It is an emulsion of cresol with resin soap. A coal-tar product freed
from carbolic acid. A dark-brown, syrupy alkaline liquid of a characteristic
tar-like odour, soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform, soluble in water (1 in 40),
forming a milky emulsion. Removes the odour of iodoform. Dose — 1 to 5
ms. Used as pills or as lotio creolin or emulsio creolin (1 in 100) of water.
Lano-Creolin, 5 per cent. — A preparation of creolin and lanolin. Used for
burns, wounds, abrasions, erysipelas, eczema and scabies. Creolin gauze 10
per cent. ; creolin dusting powder 10 per cent. Crealbin — A combination of
creolin and albumen resembling ichthalbin and tannalbin.

Actions and uses. — Non-toxic antiseptic, disinfectant, deodorizer, and styptic.
A good substitute for carbolic acid and bichloride of mercury. Locally as a
solution 2 per cent, it is used for wounds and ulcers, as an injection in cystitis
with offensive thick urine, and in gonorrhoea. As a dusting powder with boric
acid (1 to 10) it is used in otitis. As a parasiticide a 5 per cent, solution
or the ointment is recommended for pediculi, eczema, erysipelas, scabies, burns,
ulcejrs, &c. Given internally in thrush, diphtheria, dyspepsia, dysentery,
diarrhoea and gastric catarrh.

Creosotum, B.P.— Creosote.— A mixture of guaiacol, creosol and other sub-
stances of a phenolic character as methyl, creosol, phlorol, &c.

Obtained during the destructive distillation of beech or wood tar with various
other hydrocarbons.

CREOSOTUM.

V9

Commercial creosote is an impure carbolic acid prepared from coal tar. It
should not be used medicinally, as it is highly poisonous. Creosote is met with
in two forms : hydrated creosote and anhydrous creosote. Hydrated creosote
is prepared from beech wood. It does not become coloured by keeping, is
miscible with oil of turpentine, and is freely soluble in water. It contains
guaiacol and is used medicinally. Anhydrous creosote is prepared from pine
wood, is liable to become brown by keeping, and forms a clear solution with
oil of turpentine. Creosote is a colourless, inflammable, or yellowish heavy
oily liquid, of a strong smoky or empyreumatic odour, an acrid taste, and
neutral reaction ; soluble in cold water (i in 150), more so in hot water, solu-
ble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, glycerin, benzin, carbon bisulphide, fixed and
volatile oil, and glacial acetic acid. By the action of nitric acid it is converted
into oxalic acid. It does not coagulate albumen and collodion. Dose— 1 to
5 ms. Used as capsules and as inunction.

Preparations . — Aqua creosoti — creosote water. A 1 per cent, solution contain-
ing about 5 ms. in each ounce of water. Dose — 1 to 4 drs. Emulsio creosoti
contains creosote 5 ms., compound tincture of gentian and alcohol each 15 ms.,
liquid extract of liquorice 30 ms., water 1 oz. Dose — 1 oz. Mistura Creosoti,
B.P.— Creosote 1, spirit of juniper 1, syrup 30, water 480 (1 m. in 1 oz.) Dose —

^ to 1 oz. Unguentum Creosoti, B.P. — (1 in 10). Creosote 1, hard paraffin 4, soft
paraffin, white, 5. Vapour Creosoti. — Creosote 80 ms., light magnesium carbo-
nate 30 grs., water 1 oz. Dose — A tea spoonful in 20 ozs. Pilula Creosoti. —
Creosote 1, curd soap 1 in each pill. Dose— 2 to 6 grs. Used for diabetes and
dyspepsia. It should not be combined with oxide of silver, as there is a ten-
dency to take fire. Oleo Creosoti. — A pale-brown oily liquid. An oleic ether of
creosote, contains creosote (1 in 3). It is very easily assimilable. Dose — 10 to
20 ms. Used in bronchial catarrh. Pulvis creosoti et amyli 10 ms. in 1 oz. — a
dusting powder for erysipelas.

Physiological action . — Like carbolic acid, it is a depressant of the heart, of
the respiratory and the nervous systems. It stimulates the bronchial mucous
membrane, and is eliminated by the kidneys and lungs. In large doses it is a
powerful poison, soon becomes absorbed, and appears in the urine. As an
antipyretic, 20 ms. of creosote, used as an inunction over the chest, abdomen or
armpits, cause reduction of temperature in a few minutes without causing
collapse ; hence used in malaria, pneumonia, typhoid fever, &c. As a gastric
sedative and antifermentative it checks nausea and vomiting in sea sickness and
in pregnancy. As an antiseptic it is given in flatulence, dyspepsia, carcinoma
of the stomach, foul breath and foetid stools. As an antipyretic, it is given either
internally, or used as an inunction or hypodermically. As a stimulant of the
bronchi and air passages, it is now freely used with tincture of capsicum to
lessen cough and expectoration in pulmonary catarrh or phthisis. In pulmonary
tuberculosis and in cases of diabetes given with cod liver oil it gives good
results. It is supposed either to destroy turbercle bacilli or form soluble com-
pounds with the toxins produced by them which are eliminated from the blood.
The treatment must be continuous. As an astringent it is given in gonorrhoea,
gleet, and in intestinal hemorrhages. As a local anodyne and antiseptic,
its vapour or spray is used in syphilitic or other sore throats, diphtheria,
ozaena and in chronic pharyngeal, laryngeal and pulmonary affections ; also
in foetid breath and in gangrenous lungs. As a gargle it is effective in check-
ing obstinate salivation. As an anaesthetic it is used to relieve the pain in
toothache, depending upon caries of the teeth. As a parasiticide, its lotion or

320

CREOSOTAL, CREOSOTI CARBONAS.

ointment is applied in various skin diseases as eczema, pruritus, psoriasis
scabies, ringworm, scaly skin eruptions, &c. A solution of it (i in ioo) is applied
over erysipelas.

Creosotal, Creosoti Carbonas— Creosote Carbonate.— A mixture of carbonates
of guaiacol and creosote. It is prepared from beech wood. A light-brown oily
liquid, without any odour and of a bitter taste ; soluble in oils, in cod liver oil
(i in 5), in alcohol and ether, insoluble in water. Dose— 5 to 20 ms. As anti-
tubercular it is given in tuberculosis, struma, &c.

Creosote Calcium Hy drochlorophosphate. —A mixture of creosote carbonate
and dry calcium hydrochlorophosphate. A white syrupy mass. Dose— 5 to 10
grs. As antitubercular recommended in phthisis and scrofula.

Cresalol— Cresol Salicylas — Paracresol salicylate— Paraphenylrc ether of

cresylic acid. Prepared by the action of salicylic acid on meta cresol and para
cresol. Colourless, odourless, and tasteless crystals. Insoluble in water, freely
soluble in alcohol. Dose — 2 to 10 grs. Antiseptic same as salol. Used in rheu-
matism and cholera.

Cresin. — A solution of cresol in an aqueous solution of cresoryl acetate of
sodium. A clear brown liquid containing 25 per cent, of cresol. As a dis-
infectant and deodorant used in surgery.

Cresols.— Ortho, Meta and Paracresols. The preparations creolin, lysol,
saprol, salutol, sozol, &c., are complex mixtures of the three cresols.

Cresyl. — A compound containing creosote, heavy oils, cresylic acid 50 per
cent., and naphthaline 20 per cent. A heavy oil, soluble in water. Solution
from 5 to 10 per cent, is used externally as a non-toxic disinfectant.

Cristalline — Kristaline. — A form of collodion— contains pyroxylin 5, methyl
alcohol 20, and pure amyl acetate 75. As a protective it forms a thin trans-
parent film over abrased surfaces.

Cutol — Aluminium Boro Tannate. — It contains tannin 76, alumina 13*23, boric
acid 10. A fine non-irritating powder, insoluble in water, soluble in tartaric
acid. The solution is used as an antiseptic astringent and as a dusting powder
over abrasions and wounds. The solution is used as an injection in acute
gonorrhoea.

Dermatol — Bismuthi subgallas — Bismuth subgallate. A substitute for iodo-
form. To obtain it, dissolve subnilrate of bismuth in glacial acetic acid and
add water. To the filtrate add solution of gallic acid, wash the precipitate and
dry. It is an odourless yellowish-white powder, insoluble in almost all media,
and non-poisonous. Dose — 5 to 30 grs. Used as dusting powder or as 10 per
cent, ointment. A powerful, non-irritant, antiseptic and dessicant. Externally
used in cuts, wounds, ulcers, especially as a dusting powder alone or with
starch. Internally as substitute for bismuth subnitrate, it may be given in
gastro-intestinal affections as in dyspepsia and diarrhoea of tuberculosis and of
typhoid fever.

Dextroform. — A compound of dextrin and formic aldehyde. A white powder
readily soluble in water and glycerin. Properties similar to those of amylo-
form. Used as antiseptic solution 5 to 20 per cent, for injection in gonorrhoea ;
superior to argonin.

Diabetin— Laevulose — Inverted sugar.— Fruit-sugar. — A white crystalline
powder, freely soluble in water, sweeter than cane sugar. It is perfectly as-
similated. Given in diabetes. No sugar has been found in the urine after its
administration.

MAEHTHERIN.

321

iDiaphtherin— Oxychinaseptol — A coal-tar product, in yellow crystals or
powder, soluble in water, decomposed by alkalies or by the blood ; liberating
oxychinoline. Non-poisonous, antiseptic, deodorizer. Used as solution, I to 2
per cent., in affections of the ear or nose.

Diaphthol — Orthu-oxy-chinolin-meta-sulphonate, chinaseptol. — Non-irritant,

whitish-yellow crystals, sparingly soluble itt cold water. Used as an antiseptic
like Loretin, a substitute for iodoform. As a dusting powder or an insufflation
Used in offensive discharges from the nose and ear.

Di-iodo-beta— Naphtol, Naphtol-aristol. Greenish-yellow crystals, very
soluble in chloroform, sparingly soluble in alcohol, ether, acetic acid, insoluble
in water. A nice antiseptic. A good substitute for iodoform.

Disinfectol. — A disinfectant like creoline, carbolic acid, or corrosive subli-
mate—>a compound preparation containing resinous soap and soda ; a compound
of phenol, dissolved in hydrocarbons. A blackish oily liquid, forming an emul-
sion with water ; used as a disinfectant to destroy bacteria.

Dithion — Sodii-dithiosalicylas— Dithiosalicylate of sodium. — A combination of
sodium salt wilh dithiosalicylic acid which *is prepared by heating salicylic
acid with sulphur. Greyish or yellowish»white amorphous powder, soluble in
Water ( 1 in 1). Dose — 3toiogrs. Used as a 20 p.c. solution to kill anthrax
bacilli. As an antineuralgic, antiseptic, antipyretic and antirheumatic it is
superior to salicylate of soda. Given in gonorrhoeal or articular rheumatism,
sciatica, &c.,it reduces the temperature rapidly and is tolerated by the stomach
and acts without producing unpleasant after-effects. It is less irritating than
Salicylic acid.

Diuretin — Theobromine sodio salicylate — Sodio theobromine salicylate —

Theobromum natrio salicylicum.— It corresponds to caffeine sodio salicylate.
To obtain it, mix together solutions of sodium theobromine and sodium salicy-
late ; evaporate to dryness. It contains theobromine 49-7 per cent., salicylic
acid 38' 1 per cent. A white, non-toxic, amorphous powder, without any odour and
of sweetish alkaline taste, freely soluble in warm water (1 to yi\ becoming
decomposed on exposure to the air from which it absorbs carbonic acid.
With vegetable juices or acids it precipitates the alkaloid as a thick sediment,
Used as a powder. Dose — -5 to 15 grs. in cachets or as a clyster.

Actions and uses. — A typical diuretic. It acts entirely on the renal
secreting epithelium and modifies blood pressure in virtue of its tonic effects
Upon the heart. It is used in cardiac and renal dropsy, angina pectoris, chronic
cardiac dyspnoea with albuminuria, hepatic cirrhosis, oedema. In pleuritic effu-
sion it is given with digitalis leaves, after tapping ; the fluid does not re-accu-
mulate.

Dionin — Hydrochloride of mono-ethyl ester of morphine. — -Anew derivative of
morphine. It may replace codeine and morphine. A white crystalline powder,
of a moderately bitter taste ; soluble in water 14 per cent, and alcohol 15 per cent.
It is more freely soluble than morphia hydrochlorate, peronine, heroin, and
codeine hydrochlorate. Dose—Internally '/$ gr. ; hypodermically ^ to ^ gr.

Actions and uscs.^-A sedative,, given in affections of the respiratory passages.
As a general anodyne and hypnotic it is superior to codeine ; as a narcotic, a
good substitute for morphine. It does not cause habitual craving, nor produce any
poisonous symptoms if given in large doses. It is given in pertusis, phthisis,
chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and emphysema of the lungs ; under its use cough
subsides, dyspnoea disappears, and asthma is relieved. As an analgesic and
soporific it is given in dysmenorrhoea, parametritis, salpingitis ; in chronic painful
4i

$22

DORMICE.

chest diseases it relieves irritation and cough and produces sleep. It does net
cause nausea and constipation, nor does it affect the digestive tract. Dionine is
also given in the treatment of mental diseases. In masturbation it is injected
subcutaneously in ^ to £ gr. doses to decrease the sexual stimulus and to lessen
erections. In ophthalmic diseases affecting the cornea, iris and ciliary body
and in hemorrhagic glaucofna dionine is very useful.

Dormiol — Di-methyl-ethyl-carbine-chloral. — A combination of chloral and
amyl hydrate. A watery liquid, odour pungent, menthol-like ; taste burning and
cooling. Miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzole and fatty and ethereal
oils. Used as solution, capsules hypodermically. Dose — 5 to 30 ms.

Actions and tises. — Non-toxic. A good soporific like chloral hydrate; as a hyp-
node it does not impair the action of the heart, respiration or vascular system,
it is superior to sulphonal. Sleep induced by it is in 30 minutes, lasts from 5 to 8
hours, it is refreshing and unattended by unpleasant symptoms ; given in
melancholia, mental depression, hypochondriasis, epilepsy, chronic niphritis, &c.

Duotal — Guaiacol Carbonas — Guaiacol carbonate. — Obtained by the inter-
action of carbonyl chloride and sodium salt of guaiacol. A white crystalline
powder, without any odour or taste ; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether
and chloroform, sparingly so in glycerine. Contains 91*5 per cent, of guaiacol.-
Dose — 3 to 8 grs. It has no action on the stomach, decomposes on reaching in-
testine. Given in phthisis and typhoid fever, and in tuberculosis.

Dymal. — A desiccating antiseptic powder, non-irritant, non-poisonons ; used
as dressing for cuts, wounds, contusions, burns, & c.

Ecthdl — Contains the active principles of Echinacea and Thuja, of equal
strength. A liquid of a pale-yellow colour. Dose — 1 dr.

Actions arid uses. — Antipurulent. It corrects the blood dyscrasia which leads-
to the formation of pus in pyaemia, septicaemia and in tissue disintegration ; also
in typhoid fever, erysipelas, diphtheria, carbuncles, boils, gangrenous wounds,
abscesses, & c. It is also a valuable application for stings of insects, bites of
snakes, fresh cuts and pustular eruptions of any kind. It has found favour as &
mouth Wash or gargle in putrid apthous mouth and ulcerated sore throat.

Eka-Iodoform. — A compound of iodoform with paraform. Contains *5 per
cent, of Formaldehyde. This is added to increase its germicidal properties.
Used as an antiseptic.

Enterol. — A mixture of the three isomeric cresols. A strong-smelling, colour-
less fluid. A solution (1 to 5000) in 15 to 80 ms. doses may be used as an anti-
septic in gas-trie and intestinal affections.

Eosote— Creosoti Valerianas. — A fine substitute for geosote or guaiacol vale-
rianate. Dose — 3 to 10 ms. as a disinfectant given in intestinal disorders as
foetid stools, feetid breath and in phthisis.

Epicaruum purum — Pure Epicarin. A synthetic combination of naphthaline
and saliform. A condensation product of Uaphthol, a derivative of salicylic acid.
A pure white non-irritant powder, absolutely free from odour. As an emollient
and parasiticide its ointment, 10 per cent., is used in parasitic skin diseases as
scabies, prurigo and tinea tonsurans. It sitppresses at once the intolerable
itching.

Ergo Apio!.— A compound preparation of Apiufn Petroselinum, containing
apiol, ergotin, oil of savin, and aloin, equal parts, in elastic capsules of 2 grs*
each. Used in amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhcea, and in foetid, scanty and retarded
menstruation. Dose— 1 to 2 capsules*

i

ERYTHOL,

323.

Erythol. — A double salt of bismuth and cinchonidine. This name is also
given to a constituent which exists in lichens and algae. As a stomachic it is
given in dyspepsia with acid eructations and heartburn.

Erythrol Nitras — Erythrol nitrate, erythrol tetranitrate, erythrite tetra-
nitrate, tetranitrin, nitro-erythrite. — To obtain it, dissolve erythrof in fuming
nitric acid, add sulphuric acid and precipitate. Met with in hard colourless
acicular crystals or plates, without any taste. Insoluble in water, soluble in
alcohol (1 in 60). Very explosive on percussion. Dose— \ to- 1 gr. in chocolate
tabloids, the fat of the chocolate being a solvent of the nitrate.

Actions and uses. — Cardiac sedative, cerebral stimulant, vaso motor dilator
and antispasmodic ; less prompt but more enduring than nitroglycerin, sodium
nitrite and amyl nitrite. An excellent remedy in angina pectoris. It prevents
the recurrence of attacks and relieves the precordial pain. As a sedative it is
given in lead colic, chronic Bright’s disease, aneurism, cardiac or pulmonary
dyspnoea, asthma, headache, &c.

Ethideni Dichloridum — Dichloride of ethidene, dichlor ethane, ethylidene
dichloride, monochlor ethyl chloride, chlorinated ethyl chloride, chlorinated
muriatic ether. — A bi-product in the manufacture of chloral ; also obtained
by heating aldehyde with phosphorus pentachloride* A colourless liquid similar
in taste and odour to chloroform. Freely miscible in alcohol, ether and
chloroform, soluble in water (1 in 300) isomeric with “ Dutch liquid.” As an
anaesthetic it is more prompt and safer than chloroform or ether and less
depressant to the heart.

Ethoxy Caffeine. — Treat caffeine with an excess of bromine and add alcohol.
To the resulting monobrom caffeine add metallic sodium in pieces sufficient to
combine with bromine and boil. Occurs in small white needles. Dose — 1 to 4
grs. As a nervine tonic given in epilepsy,

Ethytene Periodide — Di-Iodoform. — A combination of acetylene periodide and
iodine ; occurs in golden needle-shaped crystals, without any odour. Insoluble in
water, sparingly soluble in alcohol and ether, readily soluble in chloroform and
benzene. Decomposed by light, by air iodine is set free. As an antiseptic
it is used externally in place of Iodoform.

Eucaine. — Alpha Eucaine and Beta Eucaine are allied to and substitutes for
cocaine. Alpha eucaine is an artificial alkaloid, a synthetic chemical compound.
Less toxic than cocaine, a local anaesthetic, but if applied it causes some pain.

Alpha Eucaine Hydrochloride. — A benzoyl methyl compound of oxypiperidine.
In small crystals, soluble in water (1 in 10). Used as a substitute for cocaine.

Beta Eucaine. — Allied to cocaine — only fth the toxic effect of cocaine.

Beta Eucaine Hydrochloride — Eucaine beta hydrochlorate, hydrochloride of
benzoyl vinyl-diaceton alkamine. — A white powder, soluble in alcohol (1 in 20)
and in water (1 in 10) ; used as solution 1 to 5 per cent. Dose — 10 to 20 ms. of
the solution, Eucaine is a local anaesthetic, superior to cocaine hydro-
chloride. The solution is applied to the mucous surfaces ; also used as a spray
or plug to relieve irritation from the nose, throat and ear, and as an injection,. 2
per cent., into painful and bleeding gums. Recently eucaine acetate, 2 per cent,
solution, is used subcutaneously in eye diseases. It produces anaesthesia within
10 minutes.

Eudoxin — Bismuth Tetra-Iodophenol Phthalein. — A combination of nosophen
with bismuth. It contains 52*9 per cent, of iodine and 14 5 per cent, of bismuth.
A reddish-brown powder without any odour and without any taste. Insoluble in

324

EUGENOFORM.

water. Dose— 3 to 8 grs. As an antiseptic given in stomach and intestinal dis-
orders. Locally used as a dusting powder over foul ulcers, excoriations and sores.

Eugenoform.— Obtained by the interaction of eugenol and formaldehyde.
Colourless flakes, freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol and
insoluble in ether. Dose— 6 to 18 grains. As an antiseptic, bactericide and
disinfectant of the gastro-intestinal tract it is given in cholera, typhoid and
infectious fevers, intestinal and other catarrhs.

Eugallol. — A yellowish-brown syrupy fluid, soluble in water, alcohol, ether,
chloroform and acetone. A powerful irritant. Mixed with acetone applied to
the skin in psoriasis, lupus (after curetting), lichens, &c.

Eugenol — Eugenic acid — Caryophyllic acid.— Obtained by the action of solution
of caustic potash on the essential oils of cinnamon, allspice, pimento, sassafras,
&c., of which it forms a constituent. To obtain it treat the essential oil with
caustic potash and distil off the terpene, and treat the residuum with an
acid ; also artificially prepared from phenol by some patented process. An
oily, colourless liquid with a spicy odour of cloves and burning taste,
soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and solution of caustic soda ; very slightly
so in water. It becomes brown by exposure to the air and forms salts with
caustic alkalies. Dose — 5 to 10 grs. Used as unguentum eugenol.

Actions and uses. — A powerful antiseptic, antiputrescent, more powerful than
carbolic acid and local anaesthetic. It reduces the sensibility of the mucous
membrane, but not to complete anaesthesia. It is used by dentists as a local
anaesthetic for its agreeable odour. As a febrifuge it is given in malarial fevers,
but is inferior to quinine. Externally, an ointment of eugenol with lanolin is
used in eczema and other skin diseases.

Eugenol Acetamid — Amide of eugenol acetic acid. — Obtained by the inter-
action of chlor-acetic acid and eugenate of sodium producing eugenol acetic
acid ; this being changed into ethylester, is next treated with alcoholic
ammonia, giving eugenol acetamid. Occurs in needle-shaped crystals. As a
dusting powder and as a substitute for cocaine, used as an anaesthetic and
antiseptic in wounds, ulcers, &c.

Eugol. — An antiseptic liquid, containing boracic acid, and glycerin with
alcohol and having the odour of hamamelis and thymol. Dose — \ to 1 dr. Used
as a spray and a mouth wash in affections of the throat.

Eukelos.— Said to be a standardized and purified sedative solution of opium,
free from narcotic and other noxious principles. It has an agreeable flavour.
Used as a nervine sedative and intestinal astringent. Given in insomnia,
diarrhoea in children, &c.

Eunatrol. — An excellent cholagogue. Given with benefit in gallstones in pills
of 4 grs. each. Dose — 1 pill.

Euphorin — Phenyl urethane — Ethyl phenyl carbamate, carbanilic ether.-— A
compound related to acitanilide. Obtained by the action of chlor ethyl formate
onaniline. A white crystalline powder or acicular needles, of a faint aromatic
odour and clove-like after-taste. Sparingly soluble in water and freely soluble
in alcohol and ether. Dose — 3 to 6 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antipyretic, anti-rheumatic, ^parasiticide and antiseptic.
Given in articular rheumatism, in fevers and painful neuralgias as headache,
sciatica, & c. The fall of temperature occurs within 20 to 40 minutes. It is best
administered in sherry wine to prevent collapse, cyanosis, &c. Externally used
as a dusting powder in tinea favus and syphilitic ulcers.

EUQUININE, EUCHININ.

325

Huquinine, Euchinin — Quinine ethyl chlorocarbonate. — Formed by the inter-
action of ethyl chlorocarbonate on quinine. In silky white needles or a slightly
bitter powder, slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
Dose — 5 to 15 grs. Used as a prophylactic in malaria and against the bites of
anopheles mosquitoes. Like quinine it is given as preventive against malaria
and also as a specific in whooping cough. It is regarded as a pleasant substi-
tute for quinine.

Europhen— Iso-butyl-ortho-cresyl-iodide. — An iodine compound of ortho-
cresyl. To obtain it treat an alkaline solution of iso-butyl-ortho-cresyl with a
solution of iodide of potassium dissolved in a solution of iodine. Amorphous
golden yellow powder and of a saffron-like odour, resinous to the touch, readily
decomposes by heat, metals or starch, gives up its iodine freely to aqueous
fluids. It is five times lighter than and as bulky as iodoform ; soluble in alcohol,
ether and chloroform and in fixed and fatty oils (1 in 4) and insoluble in
water and glycerin, contains 28 per cent, of iodine. Used as a dusting
powder or ointment, 10 per cent., with lanolin. It must not be combined with
metallic oxides as mercury, zinc, nor with starch.

Actions and uses. — Like aristol it is non-toxic and non-irritant, dry antiseptic,
germicide, bactericide. Liberates iodine by decomposing mucous surfaces.
Used as a dusting powder or ointment in wounds, syphilitic sores, bed sores,
ulcers, burns, eczema, psoriasis, chancre, &c., also in ear, nose and throat
•diseases and in gynaecological practice. Hypodermically its solution with olive
•oil (1 in 10) is used in tubercular leprosy.

Eurobin — Tri-acetate of chrysarobin. — A pale-brown powder of an acid taste,
insoluble in water, freely soluble in ether, chloroform and acetone. As a
de-oxidizer it is applied to the skin in ringworm and other parasitic diseases ;
generally combined with 1 to 20 of acetone, 1 to 5 of eugallol and 1 to 10 of
saligallol.

Euresol — Resorcin mono-acetate. — Similar to pyrogallol and chrysarobin
derivatives. An oily honey-like mass. Used as an inunction in the hairy
parts of the body as psoriasis, eczema, &c.

Exalgin — Methyl acetanilide. — A benzene derivative allied to phenacetin.
Prepared by the action of acetyl chloride on monomethyl aniline, or by the
action of sodium acetanilide on iodide of methyl. Large acicular or tablet-like
crystals with a slightly bitter taste, soluble in alcohol, slightly so in water (1 in
€0). Dose — 1 to 4 grs. Used as granular effervescing exalgin (1 in 60).
Dose — 1 gr. Mistura exalgin (1 in 96). Dose — 2 to 4 drs. Pilulse and Tabellae.

Actions and uses. — As an analgesic it is superior to antipyrin, phenacetin and
antifebrin ; given in influenza, neuralgia, toothache, rheumatism, sciatica,
cephalalgia, lumbago, chorea, epilepsy, &c. It is said to diminish the quantity
of urine and sugar in diabetes. It is less dangerous than aconite, digitals, &c.;
should not be given during the febrile state.

Exodyne. — It means out of pain. Contains acetanilide 90, sodium sali-
cylate 5, sodium bicarbonate 5. Dose — 3 to 10 grs. Used as an anodyne
in painful nervous affections, headache, restlessness, &c.

Fermanglobin— Ferro manganese peptonate and haemoglobin. — A combina-
tion of iron with haemoglobin and manganese in the form of neutral pepto-
nized albuminates. Highly assimilable. Does not constipate. Given in anaemia,
chlorosis and leucocythema. Dose— £ to 1 dr.

Ferratin — Acid albuminate of iron. — A German speciality. A combination of
albumen with tartrates of iron and potassium, with sodium carbonate. A

326

FERROPYRIN.

reddish*brown powder, without any taste or adour. Insoluble in water and
dilute acid. Soluble in alkaline solutions ; contains from 6 to io per cent, of iron.
Dose — 8 to 15 grs. Highly digestive, easily assimilated ; given in anaemia and
general debility.

Ferropyrin — Ferripyrin — Ferric chloride antipyrin. — A compound of ferric
chloride and antipyrine. Occurs as dark red crystals or orange-red powder ;
soluble in water (1 in 5), boiling water (1 in 9), in alcohol, benzene and slightly
in ether. It is not changed by exposure to air ; contains 12 per cent, of iron,
24 per cent, of chlorine and 64 per cent, of antipyrin. Dose— 3 to 8 grs. Used
as solution 20 per cent, or injection 1 to 2 per cent. Haematinic, styptic and
antineuralgic. Given in anaemia, chlorosis, migranic headache and neuralgia.
Locally applied in bleeding from the nose and in tooth extraction. Injection of
I to i£ per cent, is used in gonorrhoea ; 20 per cent, solution for haemorrhages,
local or internal.

Ferrostypin. — A substitute for ferric chloride. A yellow powder, soluble
in water. It is not a caustic. As a styptic and astringent, used locally to
check haemorrhages from the nose, vagina, uterus, &c.

Formaldehyde. — Formic aldehyde — Aldehydum Formicum. — Pass vapour of
methyl-alcohol over glowing coke, when alcohol is oxidized and a gaseous body
is readily absorbed by water.

F ormaldehy dum Solutum. — An aqueous solution of formaldehyde known as
formalin or formol. A colourless, neutral solution of a penetrating odour. It
contains 35 to 40 per cent, of the gas. It has the special property of rendering
glue insoluble.

Preparations . — Compounds of formicaldehyde with starch, dextrin and gelatin,
respectively, are amyloform, dextroform and glutol. Used as antiseptic dressing
for wounds, burns and ulcers. Formazol — A compound of formaldehyde 80 per

cent, with iodoform, chloral hydrate, terpene and menthol. Used locally.

Actions and uses. — Formaldehyde is non-toxic, antiseptic ; a powerful germi-
cide disinfectant, deodorant and antihydrotic. As a germicide the solution,
1 or 2 per cent., is used in preserving wine, beer, meat, &c. As an antiseptic
a 2 per cent, solution is used as a spray about the rooms and as a vaginal plug
in puerperal septicaemia. Solution, 1 per cent., with glycerin is given in 5m.
doses in chronic tuberculosis, in affections of joints, empyaema, and tuberculous
abscesses ; a 4 per cent, solution with 1 per cent, solution of cocaine is injected
into the nose in ozaena and into the ear in otorrhoea with foetid discharge. In
corneal ulcers a very weak solution mixed with white clay is a useful application.
In night sweats of phthisis the solution mixed with 50 per cent, of alcohol checks
the sweats. In warts, sycosis, lupus, condyloma, carcinoma, a concentrated so-
lution of formalin is employed as a corrosive with success. Formaldehyde
tablet is ignited and the vapour inhaled for 15 or 20 minutes in whooping cough.
In chronic pharyngitis, in irritation of the nasal cavity a 1 per cent, solution of
phenosalyl, followed by inhalation of formaldehyde with menthol and chloroform
is very useful. A 2 per cent, solution with glycerin is painted over the ton-
sils in tonsillitis. In skin diseases as favus and acne, also in alopecia
areata, a 5 to 15 per cent, solution has a curative effect. In mosquito bites a
solution of formaldehyde with spirit of wine (1 to. 2) is applied with relief.
Formazol is used in night sweats of phthisis, as an embrocation over the entire
trunk.

Formanilide — Phenyl-formamide. — A coal-tar product. Mix together aniline
and oxalic acid and distil. Colourless prismatic crystals* soluble in alcohol,, gly-
cerin and water. Decomposed by acids. Dose — 1 to 4 grs. Used with starch

FORMINj

327

ftS a homostatic on bleeding surfaces, as a dusting powder, as an insufflation
by an atomiser in throat affections. As an antipyritic, antineuralgic and analgesic
It is given internally in malaria, neuralgia, articular rheumatism, &c.

Formin.— Urotropin— Hexamethylene tetramine — Aminoform. — An alkaline
powder in crystals, soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol. Dose — 5 to 15
grs. Given in lithia water. It is an uric acid solvent and diuretic. Given inter-
nally it liberates formaldehyde and acts as an antiseptic. Given in urinary
calculi and to dissolve the uric acid concretions in gout, rheumatism, pyelitisr
and cystitis with ammoniacal urine. In enteric fever it sterilizes the urine and
rapidly renders it alkaline. Under its use putrid urine containing mucous, pusr
Uric acid, and amorphous urates is rendered normal in every respect. It also
prevents the development of bacteria in the urine.

Fuchsine — Rosaniline mono-hydrochloride — Magenta ; Roseine — Anilin red. —
A mixture of Para rosanilin and rosanilin hydrochlorides. To obtain it
heat together dry arsenious acid 12 parts, anilin 10 parts ; dissolve in hot water »
add soda to form a precipitate, and re-dissolve the precipitate in acetic acid.
Medicinal fuchsine is free from arsenic. Commercial roseine or fuchsine gene-
rally contains arsenic or aniline as impurities. Fuschine is iniridescent, dark-
coloured crystals soluble in water — the solution being of a crimson colour.
Dose — Yz to 2 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic, antinephritic, and irritant of the gastro-intestinal
mucous membranes. In large doses it causes trembling, and leads to fatty
degeneration of the kidneys. It is eliminated in the urine and bile. Given with
reduced iron in albuminuria, cancer, nephritis, cystitis and chronic contracted
kidneys.

Fumigation de Chlore. — Contains sodium chloride 250, manganese di-oxide 250,
water 500. Heat the mixture and add sulphuric acid 700* Sufficient as a disin-
fectant for the sick room of 1,000 cubic feet.

Gallacetophenone — Alizarin yellow — Tri-oxy-acetophenone. — A derivative of
pyrogallol — one atom of hydrogen being replaced by the acetyl group. Fuse
together a mixture of pyrogallol 1, zinc chloride 1*5, glacial acetic acid 1*5; add
water, evaporate and crystallize. A powdery mass of a yellowish-brown colour.
Soluble in alcohol, ether, glycerin, hot water, in cold water (1 in 600). A good
substitute for pyrogallol. Used as ointment 10 per cent, or as solution
10 per cent. As an antiseptic it is used in psoriasis and other non-syphilitic skin
affections.

Gallal. — Aluminium Gallate.— A combination of gallic acid and alum ; an inso-
luble powder. To render soluble gallate of aluminium combine it with ammonia.
As an astringent dusting powder it is used in sore throat and relaxed uvula.

Gallanol. — Heat together tannin and aniline and treat the product with hydro-
chloric acid. In white crystals, sparingly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and
ether, and insoluble in chloroform. As a parasiticide and stimulant it is a good
substitute for chrysophanic acid. Used as powder or ointment in skin diseases
as mycosis, psoriasis, ringworm, favus, &c.

Gallicin. — The methyl ester of gallic acid. Light white silky crystals — slightly
soluble in water. As a dusting powder used in catarrhal affections of the eye.

Gallobromol — Dibromogallic acid. Small, white, needle-shaped crystals ;
non-toxic, soluble in luke-warm water (1 in 10), also in alcohol. The solution
becomes brown on exposure to the air. Dose — 5 to 15 grs. Asa germicide
and antiseptic it is used as solution 2 to 4 per cent. ; as an injection in

328

GEOSOTE.

gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, chordee and cystitis. Applied as a lotion iri eczema
Internally given in place of alkaline bromides.

Geosote — Guaiacol Valerianas — Guaiacol Valerianate. A liquid combination?
of guaiacol and valerianic acid. Dose — i to 3 ms. As an antiseptic given irtf
tuberculosis and chlorosis.

Globinol— A haemoglobin containing albuminate of iron, phosphorus and
manganese. A crystalline powder containing all the important principles of the
blood. Inodourous, without any taste ; soluble in cold water, used as capsules or
tablets 5 grs. each. As a gastric stimulant it is very rapidly absorbed into the
blood. Used in anaemia, chlorosis, neurasthenia, rachitis, &c.

Glutol. — A combination of formic aldehyde and gelatine. A fine antiseptic
varnish, adhesive and solid ; forms, like collodion, a thin crust when applied
to purulent wounds and burns. Under its use suppurating ulcers heal by first
intention.

Glycerinum, B.P. — Glycerin— Glycerol— Trihydric alcohol with some water.
A hydrocarbon from which 3 atoms of hydrogen are replaced by 3. atoms
of hydroxyl. A sweet principle obtained from fats and fixed oils in which it
exists in combination with fatty acids. These when acted upon by superheated
steam or by an alkali, saponify and separate into glycerin and soluble soaps.
A clear, colourless, oily fluid, without any odour and of a sweet taste, highly
deliquescent, absorbs moisture from the air. It is soluble in water and alcohol.
Insoluble in chloroform, ether and fixed oils, also in tannin, gallic acid, carbolic
acid, salicylic acid, bromine and iodine. Hot glycerin dissolves metallic oxides,
metallic salts and alkaloids. Dose — 1 to 2 drs. Used as a clyster 1 to 2 ozs.

Suppositoria Glycerini, B. P. — Made withgelatine. Each containing 70 per
cent, of glycerin.

Suppositoria cum Glycerino. — Contains sodium carbonate 15, glycerin 470,
and stearic acid 25. Generally used in place of enema in chronic constipation.
Glycerin jelly, containing gelatine 140 grs!, glycerin 6 ozs., rose water 6 ozs.,
white of egg 6 drs. and salicylic acid 12 grs. Glycerinum Aluminis (1 in 6).
Used as gargle, lotion or injection in chronic pharyngitis in children. Glyceri-
num acidi borici (3 in 10). Boro-glycerin — An equivalent of boro-glyceride
which is a patent preparation. Glycerinum aluminis et acidi tannici contains
alum 1, tannin 1, glycerin 6, astringent vaginal injection 1 ounce to a pint of
water, also as pigment for the throat. Glycerinum Carmini — Glycerin of
carmine — Contains carmine 3, solution of ammonia 4, water 3, and glycerin 18.
Glyco-gelatin — Gelatin 1 oz., glycerin 2\ ozs., ammoniacal solution of carmine'
15 grs., orange flower and water z\ ozs. Used as a basis for making pastils by
adding medicaments. Glyconin — Glycerinum Vitelli— Yolk of egg 45 and

glycerin 55. Used for emulsifying oils. Glycerin Tinctures or Glyceroles — Pre-
parations of the same strength as the tinctures, but containing glycerin in place
of spirit, e.g.y Glycerole or glycerine tinctures of nux-vomica, glycerole of
ipecacuanha, &c. Glycerites. — These preparations contain glycerin instead
of syrups and are for internal use.

Glycerinum Saponatum. — Neutral soda (soap) dissolved in glycerin ; used as
a basis for medicaments for the skin, e.g., salicylic acid (1 in 2), resorcin and
salicylic acid of each 5 per cent., creosote and salicylic acid, of each 5 per
cent., salicylic acid and pix liquida 3 and 10 per cent., respectively.

Physiological action. — Commercial glycerin is irritant to the skin. It is anti-
septic and abstracts water from the tissues. It is absorbed by the skin and
mucous membranes, and is eliminated as formic and other acids.

GLYCOZONE.

329

Pare glycerin is nutritive, emollient, antifermentative and bactericide ; when
diluted it acts as a solvent. It retards or prevents putrefactive changes in the
stomach and hence given in gastric derangements as acidity, pyrosis, flatulence,
&.c. As an antiseptic glycerin combined with sodium salicylate or with naphtha-
lene, or with borax checks diarrhoea with offensive motions. It is useful in pul-
monary affections and in wasting diseases. Glycerin with iodide of potassium
is a good substitute for cod-liver oil. As a laxative it is given in combination with
cascara and nux vomica generally in chronic constipation. It is a safe emetic
for children. In adults often given to relieve pain and congestion of inflamed
piles. Externally, as an assuager of thirst it is applied to the tongue in enteric
fever ; as an emollient and softening agent it is used in skin diseases. Glycerin
with tincture of benzoin is applied to excoriated surfaces as cracks and
fissures of anus or nipples and to chapped hands or lips. In otorrhoea it is
used as drops, as a spray to the nasal mucous membrane, and as a paint in
acute coryza. As clysters and as suppositories it is used in haemorrhoids.
As an anal injection with infusion of flax-seed it is used to relieve tenesmus in
acute dysentery, also in constipation and in diarrhoea in children. In uterine
diseases as a depleting agent, a plug of it is inserted into the cervix uteri to
relieve congestion. Glycerin of tannic acid and glycerin of alum are useful
astringents when used locally. The fumes are inhaled in sore throat and in dis-
tressing coughs. Glycerinum plumbi sub-acetatis or glycerin ointment is
used in the treatment of eczema, tinea tarsi and also for small-pox pittings.
Glycerin with mercuric iodide is good as a paint for corns. The chief use
of glycerin, however, is in pharmacy. It is an ingredient for solutions for
hypodermic use. It is used as a solvent for various alkaloids ; with tragacanth
it is used as an excipient for pills. It is used to preserve and aid digestive
ferments as pepsin, pancreatin, and also to prevent decomposition of vaccine
lymph.

Glycozone. — It is not a mixture, but a compound produce formed by the
interaction of glycerin and 15 times its volume of ozone. It has an agreeable taste,
but soon deteriorates. A very powerful oxidizing and healing agent. Used as
a surgical dressing and as solution (1 in 10). Internally, as a gastric sedative,
it is given in chronic gastric catarrh, pyrosis and in ulcer of the stomach. As
an antiseptic dressing it is used for wounds, suppurating surfaces and for
indolent granulations. The solution is used as a rectal injection in ulcers and
fissures of the rectum. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Glyco-Heroin Solution. — A preparation containing heroin, ammonium hypo-
phosphate, hyoscyamus, white pinebark, balsam of tolu, glycerin and aromatics.
Dose 1 dr. Used in coughs, bronchitis, phthisis, asthma, laryngitis, pneu-
monia and whooping cough.

Guaiacetin — A carboxyl substitution product of guaiacol. A fine powder,
without any disagreeable taste or odour. Dose — 8 to 15 grs. Used as tablets.

Actions and uses. — Tonic, antiseptic, anti-tubercular. A good substitute for
creosote, guaiacol, and their preparations ; given in chronic pulmonary tubercu-
losis, causes no gastric disturbance. Under its use appetite improves, assimila-
tion and the production of fat and albumen are increased. In hectic fever and
in night sweats of phthisis it is very beneficial. Often combined with eucasin.

Guaiacolum Guaiacol — Pyrocatechin-mono-methyl ether — Methyl ether of
pyrocatechin. A principal ingredient in beech creosote, which contains about 60
to go per cent, of guaiacol. To obtain it distil beech wood tar, treat the distillate
with ammonia to remove acid compounds, and re-distil. It may also be

42

330

GUAIACOL CARBOXYLIC ACID.

obtained by the destructive distillation of guaiacum resin. Pure guaiacol is in
prismatic crystals, without any colour. Medicinal guaiacol is a colourless,
limpid, oily liquid, highly inflammable, taste and odour more agreeable than that
of creosote, soluble in alcohol, ether, fats, oils and glycerin, but slightly so in
water (i in 200). Dose — 1 to 5 ms. Used as pearles containing 2 or 3 ms., as
capsules containing 5 ms. dissolved in oil. Injectio guaiacol hypodermica
contains guaiacol 5 per cent., iodoform 1 per cent., sterilized olive oil, almond
oil or liquid paraffin 94 per cent.

Physiological action. — Antitubercular, antiseptic, antizymotic, local analgesic
and anodyne. Like creosote it is an irritant to the stomach, but less irritant to the
kidneys and intestines ; hence preferred for internal administration to creosote.

Therapeiitics. — As an antiseptic it is given in coughs and in the early stage of
phthisis ; as an antipyretic in fever, in hyperpyrexia of malaria, of pneumonia, &c.;
as an intestinal antiseptic, in intestinal tuberculosis and in diarrhoea of fevers.
As an inunction (1 to 8 of glycerin) guaiacol cinnamate is used in gonorrhoea and
vesical catarrh. An hypodermic injection of guaiacol 5 per cent, and olive oil 95
per cent, is used in the extraction of teeth. With iodoform 1 per cent., guaiacol
5 per cent, and sterilized olive oil or liquid paraffin 94 per cent, it is injected in
tuberculosis with benefit. It lessens cough and expectoration, diminishes the
number of bacilli in the sputum, favours cicatrization of lung cavities, and lessens
fever and night sweats. As an anaesthetic it is used like cocaine for the relief of
pain in orchitis, of sciatica, rheumatism, &c. It is rapidly absorbed by the
skin and in a short time is eliminated by the kidneys. As an inunction it is used
over the skin of the thigh, chest or abdomen ; it causes rapid lowering of body
heat, and hence in malarial fever, pneumonia, typhoid fever it is locally applied
with benefit. Like other antipyretics it leaves no bad after-effects.

Guaiacol Carboxylic Acid. — A compound of guaiacol-sodium and carbon di-
oxide. A white powder, slightly soluble in water, of the odour of creosote ; taste
bitter, nauseous and astringent. As an antiseptic and antipyretic it is given in
fever, laryngeal, cough, &c.

Guaiacyl Calcii — Guaiacol mono-sulphonas. — A greyish white powder, freely
soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in fatty oils. Of an aqueous solution
(3 to 10 per cent.), 5 to 6ms. is used as a non-irritant antiseptic and local
anassthetic. Better than guaiacol and used as a subcutaneous injection in dental
and other operations.

Guaiacol Phosphas— Guaiacoli Phosphate.— Colourless crystals, without any
odour or taste. Insoluble in water, containing 90 per cent, of guaiacol. As
antitubercular it is given in tuberculosis of the lungs. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Guaiacol Salicylas— Guaiacol Salol. — A white, insipid, crystalline powder
analogous to salol ; soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform; insoluble in water.
As an intestinal antiseptic, antitubercular and antirheumatic it is given in
phthisical diarrhoea, dysentery, rheumatism, chorea, marasmus, &c. Dose—
10 to 30 grs.

Guaiaperol— Piperidinse Guaiacolas— Piperidine guaiacolate.— Contains pi-
peridine and guaiacol combined. Non-irritant, colourless granules or crystals.
Odour resembling that of creosote. Soluble in water (1 in 30), freely soluble in
alcohol. Solution decomposed by mineral acids and alkalies. Dose— 5 to 30 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antitubercular and antiseptic, given in tuberculosis of the
lungs. Under its use appetite increases, weight also increases, night sweats
cease, fever and cough subside. It combines the antiseptic properties of
guaiacol with the vascular tonic action of piperidine.

GUETHOL.

oo

Guethof. Prepared from guaiacol by replacing the methyl radical and
substituting the ethyl. An oily liquid, soluble in ether, alcohol and chloroform
Insoluble in water and glycerin. Dose-i to 5 ms. As an analgesic and antitul
bercular it is given in tuberculous diseases.

Haemol and Haemogallol.-Products of the reduction of the colouring matter
of the blood. Haemol, a blackish powder, obtained by the action if zinc. Haemo-
gallol, a reddish-brown powder, by means of pyrogallol. It is a reduction pro-
duct of Lematin Hsmol, combines with metals and forms arseno-hsemol which
contains 1 per cent, of arsenic, cupro-haemol, zinco-haemol, and ferro-haemol.
Haemolum bromatum contains 27 per cent, of bromine j h^molum iodatum 16 per
cent, of iodine. Iodo-mercurohaemol contains 12-35 per cent, of mercury and 28-6
per cent, of iodine. Dose of haemol-z to 8 grs. Haemol and haemogallol are
more easily converted into blood colouring matter than any -iron preparation.
Hasmatinic, antichlorotic and tonic. Given in anaemia, chlorosis, neuras-
thenia. Bromo-haemolum is very useful in hysteria and epilepsy. Iodo-haemolum
is used in secondary and tertiary syphilis, scrofula, asthma, psoriasis, &c.
Mercuro-haemolum is given in syphilis. Cupro-haemolum is given in cholera,
dysentery, diarrhoea in children and in scrofula, tuberculosis, &c.

Hld,°nal_^lethyl'Pr0PyI'Carbin0l'Urethan— A P°wder ^soluble in water, used
ta ets. ose 10 to 30 grs. It ‘is an active but harmless hypnotic given in
insomnia, neurasthenia and hypochondriasis. Inferior to trional, sulphonal
chloral hydrate, amylene hydrate, &c. ’

Helcosol— Bismuthi Pyrogallas— Pyrogallol Bismuth— Contains 60 per cent, of
metallic bismuth. An amorphous powder, colourless and tasteless. Insoluble
m water and alcohol, sparingly soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. As dis-

'" ernTen m in?Ct!OUS diseases of the in‘«tines as in diarrhoea with foetid
stools. Dose — 2 to 8 grs.

Heroin-Morphine Diacetas-Di-acetic ester of Morphine.-A morphine

erivatiue ,n which the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl group are replacL by
cetyl group. A white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in watfr, freely

t,! ;rC4 M '"soluble inordinary solvents, but dissolves in acetic or
dilute nitrohydrocblonc acid and form salts. Used as pill or powder. Dose-
T2 to ? of a gr .

Hydrochloride of Heroin.-A neutral heroin salt , soluble in water. Solution,
per cent., used for hypodermic injection. Dose— ^ to | of a gr.

flra*HaT™7A rIUti°un -her0in in S'ycerin- H contains, besides
aromatic's. Dose'l" byP°ph°Sphlte’ >>y°^yamus, white pine bark, balsam tolu,

2 grrSe^Vlf °f her0i" and ‘erpin hydra‘e- C°ntainS ‘erpin hI'drate

mfrktr,7drUSe-'7A S°°d Substitute for "’oephine and codeine, having a

number of res ?e ,nflu.en‘jf ?" the respiratory apparatus; under its use the
ber of respirations is diminished, but the duration of inspiration is prolonged.

An ? 1Ve a 5 f6.r .CGnt’ so,utlon removes local laryngeal irritation and cough.

UrXea 7hT 7^°" °f 2 mS' °f 5 per Cent -‘“‘ion is sufficient in
J. I s Phth>s*s to suppress dysphagia and the pain during swallowing.

tube”uToSsisS ZUSVySna!a a"d br°nChial tr°Ub,eS- U iS USeful in emphysema,
codeine With h 1 narcot‘z>ng effect is slighter than that of morphine or

laryngitis nha rom°fo™ '* Is Eiven whooping cough, angina, tuberculous
m„sc T P > ngeal affectlons> trigeminal or intercostal neuralgia, sciatica and
oscular rheumatism. In them its effects are more palliative than that of

332

HESOL.

morphine. Like morphine it does not interfere with digestion. It does not
cause constipation and is active even in smaller doses. As glycerin plug and
suppository it is used in parametritis and perimetritis. Glyco-heroin is given in
bronchitis, phthisis, asthma, laryngitis, pneumonia and whooping cough.

Hesol — Sodium cinnamate — Cumamylate of sodium. — Synthetically prepared it
is a white crystalline powder, soluble in water. "Dose — | to i gr. Used as a steri-
lized aqueous solution, i in 20 of water for hypodermic injection. Dose — 2 to1
12 ms. A valuable remedy in the treatment of tuberculosis, and as an in-
travenous injection in phthisis, lupus, & c.

Heto Cresol — Cinnamyl-metacresol. —A white crystalline powder, insoluble in
water, oil or glycerin ; sparingly soluble in alcohol. Freely soluble in ether.
Mixed with iodoform (1 to 9) it is used as a dusting powder, as insufflation or
spray, as injection, the solution containing hetocresol 2, iodoform 1, water 8.
Dose — 8 to 20 ms., given internally or hypodermically. As an astringent and
antiseptic the powder is used in excoriations and wounds; as a dressing, mixed
with iodoform and iodol (2 to 1) used for ulcers. The solution is used hypodermi-
cally in tuberculosis.

Holocain — Para-diethoxy Ethenyl-diphenyl amidine. — A synthetic product, ob-
tained by the interaction of phenacetin and paraphenetidin ; occurs as crystals.
It has an alkaline reaction, and with acids it forms salts. It is insoluble in water.
Halocain hydrochloride is in white needles, easily soluble in boiling cold
water (2J percent.), and alcohol (1 in 6); used as a solution (1 per cent.) for
the eyes. It produces anaesthesia in 1 or 2 minutes.

Hydracetin — Acetyl phenyl hydrazin. — A crystalline powder without any
odour or taste, soluble in water (1 in 50), freely soluble in alcohol. Used as
ointment (1 in 10). A powerful antipyretic ; given to relieve rheumatism of the
joints. Dose — £ to 2 gr. Ointment is useful in psoriasis. Pyrodin is an impure
preparation containing 25 p. c. of Hydracetin.

Hydronaphthol. — A derivative of coal tar, belonging to the phenol series. A
proprietary preparation corresponding to B. naphthol. A non-irritating, non-
poisonous greyish-white crystalline powder, with a slight iodine odour ; soluble in
alcohol glycerin, fixed oils ( 1 in 20), in cold water (1 in 1 100), hot water, (1 to 100).
Dose — 2 grs. Used as powder, wool, gauze, as a lotion (1 in 100), or a wash in
warm water (1 in 300). The wash contains hydronaphthol 2, alcohol 2, and gly-
cerin 8 ; an ointment containing hydronaphthol, oxide of zinc equal parts with
1 to 50 of lanolin. As an antiseptic it is said to be 14 times stronger than carbolic
acid, 30 times more so than salicylic acid, half as powerful as or next to corrosive
sublimate, 60 times more powerful than boric acid, and 600 times stronger than
alcohol. Used for washing out septic cavities and wounds, also in skin diseases.
Internally, as an intestinal antiseptic, it is used like B. naphthol ; in diarrhoea,
dysentery, cystitis and dyspepsia with foetid breath. In tinea tonsurans plaster
or a 5 per cent, ointment of hydronaphthol is very useful.

Hydro-Quinone — Hydro-chinon — Quinol — Para-di-hydroxy-benzene — Pyro-
gentisic acid, isomeric of resorcin and pyrocatechin. — Usually obtained from
coal-tar. Also obtained by the interaction of aniline bichromate of potash and
sulphuric acid, the resulting quinone orquinic acid being treated with acid sodium
sulphite. Prismatic crystals non-irritant, soluble in hot water, ether and alcohol ,
also slightly soluble in cold water (1 in 25), slightly so in olive oil. Neutral^
inodourous, and of a sweet taste. Dose — | to 5 grs. Antipyretic and antiseptic,
more powerful than resorcin ; in eye operations causes no irritation injected
hypodermically.

HYDROXYLAMINE.

333

Hydroxylamine — Oxy-ammonia. — Formed by the action of nascent hydrogen
on nitric acid or by the reduction of ethyl nitrate. A neutral base only known
in aqueous solution, odourless and colourless. Has strong reducing properties.
Hydroxylamine hydrochlorate. — Large hygroscopic crystals, with an acid taste
and reaction, freely soluble in water and alcohol. It is a powerful irritant and
should be used with care. Used as a solution (x in 1000) of equal parts of
glycerin and alcohol. Hydroxylamine is a most powerful antiseptic (i in
5000), entirely preventing fermentation. A powerful poison to low organisms
and has strong reducing properties. A good substitute for pyrogallic acid
and chrysophanic acid. It does not stain the skin. If long continued it leads
to hsematuria on account of destroying red blood corpuscles. The solution of
hydrochloride is used as a pigment in ringworm, sycosis, psoriasis, lupus
vulgaris, herpes, tinea tonsurans, &c,

Hypnal — Mono-chloral antipyrin — Trichloraldehyde-phenyl-di-methyl-pyra-
zole. — A coal-tar derivative. To obtain it mix together solutions of antipyrin
and chloral hydrate. The solution becomes a milky, oleaginous fluid, and
crystallizes. Colourless crystals, without any odour or taste, non-irritating to
the mucous membranes ; soluble in cold water (1 in 15), and in warm water
(1 in 6). As a hypnotic and analgesic or sedative it combines the action of
chloral and antipyrin. Useful in insomnia due to pain and also for relieving
spasmodic cough. Does not cause any gastric disturbance. Dose — 10 to 15 grs.
in catchets.

Hypno-acetin. — A compound of hypnone (acetophenone) and amido-phenol.
A fine powder, soluble in alcohol and ether. Used as an hypnotic and antither-
mic. It combines the action of hypnone and amidophenol. Dose — 3 to 5 grs.

Hypnone — Phenyl-methyl-acetone — Acetophenone — Acetyl benzene — A
colourless, slightly yellowish oily liquid. Taste peculiarly pungentgand persistent ;
odour of almond and orange blended. Insoluble in water, soluble in glycerin
(1 in 70). Freely soluble in alcohol, ether, olive oil and chloroform. Used in
capsules. Dose — 1 to 5 ms. ; as inhalation 2 to 8 ms. Given in capsules with
almond oil as almond emulsion or with syrup.

Actions and uses. — Hypnotic ; caustic to the mucous membrane of the mouth,
and should not be used hypodermically. As a hypnotic it is given in nervous
affections, in insomnia not due to pain, and as an inhalation in phthisis.

Ichthyolum — Ichthyol— Ammonii-sulpho-ichthyolas — Ammonium-sulpho-ichth-
yolate— Sulpho-ichthyolate of ammonia.— An oily substance, obtained by the
destructive distillation of European bituminous rocks, or from certain petrified
or fossil deposits containing fish, and which occur in the Tyrol. The
oil is saturated with sulphuric acid, forming ichthyol sulphonic acid, and
neutralized with ammonia. It is a viscous reddish-brown bituminous substance
in appearance and consistence, similar to bitumen or to purified coal tar. Odour
disagreeable, of an alkaline reaction ; soluble in water or in a mixture of
alcohol and ether, miscible with glycerin, oils, fats, lanoline and vaseline. It
contains about 15 per cent, of sulphur in combination with oxygen and carbon.
Dose — 10 to 25 grs. Used as tablets, 4 grs. each.

Capsules of ammonium Ichthyol 4 grs. each. Capsules ichthyol lithium 4 grs.
each. Dose — 1 or 2. Ichthyol liniment contains ichthyol 4 drs., chloroform 8
drs., spirit of camphor 8 drs. Ichthargan contains silver 30 per cent. Ichthvol
pigment contains ichthyol chloroform crysarobin and salicylic acid. Ichthyol
ointment 1 to 5 of linolin. Collodium ichthyol 1 in 8. Ichthyol soap used exter-
nally in dermatitis. Solution of ammonium Ichthyol contains 10 to 30 per cent.

334

ICHTHYOLUM.

It is a mixture of ichthyol with ammonia water, alcohol and ether equal'4 parts*
Ichthyol paste consists of starch 40, ichthyol 40, water 20, and albumen 1 or
of ichthyol 25, in carbolic acid 2\ dissolved in water 22^ and starch 50. Ichthyol
inunction 10 per cent.

Preparation. — Ichthyol forms preparations with sodium, lithium, iron, zinc,
mercury, &c. Ichthalbin Ichthyol albuminate contains ichthyol 75. A greyish-
brown powder without any odour or taste, soluble in alkaline liquids, insoluble
in water, ether, chloroform, alcohol and diluted acids. Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Physiological action. — Alterative,(anodyne anti-emetic, antiphlogistic, antirheu-
matic, antisyphilitic, styptic, antitubercular. It is dissolved only in the intesti-
nal secretions, but passes unchanged in the gastric secretions. As a styptic it
contracts the vessels, controls inflammation, causes absorption of the effused
products, and promptly alleviates pain and tension. It reduces the temperature,
relieves restlessness and procures sleep. Owing to its containing sulphur it
forms certain albumins, lessens the formation of waste products and often
promotes nutrition of the body. The sulphur is eliminated by the skin.

Therapeutics. — Internally, ichthyol or ichthalbin is used in neuralgia, lepra
tuberculosis, phthisis, scrofula, chlorosis, rheumatism, &c. Also in catarrh of
the bile ducts and in gastric catarrh. In bromidrosis, in seborrhoea of the face
and in acne rosacea, ichthyol ointment, 20 to 50 per cent., with lanolin is very
useful. In gonorrhoeal rheumatism ichthyol spray, 10 per cent, or ichthyol
vasogen rubbed gently over the joints diminishes swelling and exudation. A
solution (10 to 25 per cent.) is used in eczema, psoriasis, Sic. Ichthyol, 10 per
cent., with ether and collodion, is applied with a brush over erysipelas, over
the temples in neuralgic headache and tic doloureux. In pemphigus contagiosus,
lichen, urticaria, erythema, in sycosis a 10 per cent, soap has good effect.
Condylomatas, keloids and warts fall off under its paint, leaving no scar. In
syphilitic and other chronic ulcers of the leg and in leprosy, its ointment in com-
bination with chrysarobin, 5 per cent, each with 2 per cent, of salicyclic acid,
destroys the germs of the disease. In ovaritis, in uterine carcinoma, in fissured
nipples, in erosions of the cervix and in pruritus of the genitals, ichthyol
acts as a charm. As a gargle the solution is used in sore throat and in
whooping cough. In tonsillitis, the tonsils are painted with ichthyol paste.
In scarlet fever a 5 per cent, ointment is used as an inunction to relieve
itching. In the caries of the teeth, a drop of ichthyol and chloroform placed
in the hollow of the tooth gives instant relief. In hemorrhages following
extraction of the teeth its insertion into the cavity checks bleeding. In chil-
blains and chapped hands, liniment of ichthyol with turpentine give good
results. In anal fissures and in burns and scalds applied with cocaine, it
gives relief. Solution of ichthyol alone or with starch and egg albumen is a very
useful application against stings of bees and wasps, and in bites of mosquitoes.
To prevent bites the skin should be besmeared with lotion of acetic ether
1, eucalyptol 2, Cologne water 2, and tincture of pyrethrum 10. In parotitis, or
mumps, an ointment of ichthyol 4, iodide of lead 4, chloride of ammonium 3, and
lard 40 is very useful. In acute gonorrhoea a solution, 1 to 5 per cent., is used
as an injection with relief. In prostatitis, suppositories of ichthyol are of benefit*
In typhus fever under the use of ichthyol ammonia bath, the temperature falls,
respiration becomes quieter and the pulse improves. Under its use haemoglobin
in the blood increases and also the leucocytes.

Echthyol iron is very useful in urticaria, lichen, purpurea, pemphigus,,
and chronic eczema ; also in anaemia and chlorosis.

iODOLBACID.

335

'Ichthargan has absorbing, antiphlogistic and antibacterial ‘properties. Injec-
tion of £ to | of a grain in water (6*ozs.) is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea.
In prostatic cystitis, 3 per cent, solution is used as an irrigation. Locally it is
applied in chronic ulcers of the leg.

Iodolbacid — Iodide of albumen. — A mixture of albuminoids with iodine. A
yellowish powder without any odour or taste, contains about n per cent, of
albumin in molecular combination with iodine. As an antisyphilitic it is very use-
ful in gummata, tertiary ulcerations, &c. In goitre, where organo-therapy has
failed, in pericarditis, pleuritis, in serous inflammatory exudations, in scrofulous
enlargements of cervical or other glands, in rheumatic arthritis with deformities,
•in nodosities of fingers, in obesity and in aortic aneurism, this remedy has given
encouraging results. Dose — £ to i dr.

Iodepin — Iodized fat. — A fatty compound containing iodine (io per cent.) chemi-
cally combined with sesame oil. The fats have the power to absorb iodine; sesame
oil being extraordinarily digestible has been preferred. The oil is a yellow
fluid, highly alkaline, taste oleoginous. Insoluble in water or alcohol, dissolves
readily in ether, benzene, chloroform and petroleum ether. It contains 24 grs.
of iodine, which corresponds to 31 grs. of potassium iodide. Dose — 1 dr.

Used as solution of 10 per cent, or 25 per cent, of iodine as capsules for hypo-
dermic injection in the gluteal region or below the skin of the back.

Actions and uses. — It is not absorbed by the stomach, but assimilated in the
intestines by the action of the pancreatic juice and bile. Gastric juice has not
the power of splitting up iodepin. Introduced into the blood it gradually
oxidises owing to its alkaline constituents, and iodine is liberated. Iodepin is
eliminated in the urine, and in the milk in women ; it is deposited in the bone
•marrow, liver, and kidneys. It is free from the ill-effects of iodine. Used in the
advanced forms of secondary syphilis, scrofula ; in tertiary syphlis effecting the
muscular system, bones, joints and in syphilitic ulcers. In cases of defective
bile secretion, in bronchitis, bronchial asthma and in emphysema it has proved
successful. Used as subcutaneous injections in the various forms of neuralgic
pains, in perostitis, in aortic and vascular aneurisms, also in scrofulous disorders
as tuberculosis of bones, joints, &c.

Iodia — A proprietary medicine— a combination of the active principles (15 grs.
each) from the root of stillingia, helonias, saxifraga, menispermum and aromatics-
To each fluid drachm of the mixture is added 5 grs. of potassium iodide and
2 grs. of phosphate of iron. As an alterative it is used in syphilis, scrofula, and
chronic skin diseases. As an uterine tonic it is given in uterine disorders as
amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, in hatitual abortion and general
•uterine debility. Dose — 1 to 2 drs. generally before meals.

Iodine Trichloride. — Heat iodine in a small retort and pass its vapour into a
bottle, through which current of chlorine is directed. Orange-coloured crys-
tals, very hygroscopic. As an antiseptic and antifermentative given in dyspep-
sia. Dose — 2 ms. The solution 1 per cent, is used as an injection in gonorrhoea.

Iodo Antifebrin — Para-iodo-acetanilid. Mix together acetic acid and para-
iodo-aniline and apply heat. Colourless rhombic prisms without taste or odour,
soluble in alcohol, acetic acid, hot water ; slightly so in cold water. As an anti-
pyretic given in fever, syphilis and rheumatism. Dose — 1 to 5 grs.

Iodo Caffeine — Sodium caffeine iodide. A compound of caffeine with iodide
of sodium. A w7hite pow'der without any odour or taste. Sparingly soluble
in cold water. Contains 65 per cent, of caffeine. Decomposes when exposed
to the air. Dose — 2 to 10 grs. Is a good diuretic.

336

IODOTHEINE.

Given in syphilitic insomnia, as a diuretic to prolong1 diastole in cases of en-
feebled heart given in cardiac dropsy and in cases of pleuritic effusion. Doe$
not disorder digestion or respiration.

Iodotheine— A compound of tea with sodium iodide. Similar to the above.

Iodoform— Iodoformum-*-Formyl Iodide — Tri-iodomethene, Di-iodomethyL
iodide — Methyl Tri-iodide.

Iodoform — From io (iodine) and form (chloroform). Similar to chloroform.
Three atoms of hydrogen are removed and replaced by 3 atoms of iodine.

To prepare it, mix together alcohol, iodine and sodium or potassium bicarbon-
ate, and apply heat. Also prepared by the interaction of hypochlorite of
sodium upon acetone in the presence of potassium iodide. It contains 94 to 97
•p. c. of iodine. Small, lemon-yellow, hexagonal, lustrous scales or crystals, or
fine lemon-yellow powder. Rather greasy to the touch. The odour is peculiar
and penetrating, resembling that of saffron. Taste sweetish, iodine-like, but
anpleasant. Neutral reaction. Almost insoluble in cold water, soluble in solu-
tion of camphor ( 1 in 10), in cold ether (1 in 8), in cold alcohol ( 1 in 90), in boiling
alcohol (1 in 10), in choloroform (1 in 12), in oil of eucalyptus (1 in 14), in
collodion (1 in 10), in vaseline and oil of almonds (1 in 60), in carbon bisulphide,'
in fixed and volatile oils (.1 in 60), and sparingly so in benzol. Dose-— 5 to 3 grs.

Used as Suppositoria Iodoformi, B.P., 3 grs. in each with oil of theobroma.
Unguentum Iodoformi, B.P. (1 in 10) of paraffin ointment — yellow. Unguentum
Iodoformi et Eucalypti 1 in 9 of oil of eucalyptus, Bougies of iodoform
<(nasal) ]/?. gr. in each with gelato-glycerini. Iodoformi Collodium 1 in 12
of flexible collodion. Insufflatio Iodoformi — 2 to 1 of starch. Useful appli-
cation to venereal sores. Insufflatio Iodoformi Compositse. Iodoform 1 gr.,
boric acid 1 gr., morphine acetas ^ gr., Emulsio Iodoformi — Iodoform 3,
starch x, gtycerin 20, and water 12. Cereolus iodoformi et eucalypti — Iodoform
and eucalyptus bougies. Contains Iodoform 5 grs., eucalyptus oil 10 ms., oil
of theobroma 35 grs. Used for gonorrhoea. Iodoform gauze 20 per cent., used
for burns. Iodoform lint 10 per cent. Iodoform wool — gossypium Iodoformi
contains 10 to 50 per cent. of iodoform. Iodoform varnish : — contains
benzoin 4, storax 3, balsam of tolu 1, ether 40 and iodoform 4. Used for ear
diseases. Pastillus Iodoformi : — 1 gr. of iodoform with glyco-gelatin 18 grs.
for chronic pharyngitis and syphilitic erruptions of the tongue, mouth and
throat. Iodo-vaseline (1 in 10). Unguentum Iodoformi cum atropina. — Iodoform
60 grs., atropine 2 grs. and vaseline 1 oz. Pencils of iodoform contains
Iodoform, Glycerine and gum acacia for uterine medication,

Preparations. — Iodoform prsecipitatum or precipitated iodoform -—A yellow-
coloured palpable powder or in clots — used as dusting powder. Iodoformum
aromaticum scented with coumarin( 1 in 50). Anozol — A mixture of iodoform
and thymol (1 to 10). Iodoform snuff contains iodoform 1 dr., cocaine
so grs., eucalyptus oil 5 ms., saccharum lactis 4 drs. Used in catarrh of
the nose.

Physiological action. — Iodoform is tonic, alterative and antiseptic. Locally
the crystalline powder is used for surgical purposes. The precipitated iodoform
is for internal use and for insufflation. Locally it is a powerful antiseptic, an-
aesthetic, detergent, resolvent, stimulant and antitubercular, also alterative — the
best agent to prevent decomposition, to prevent or to destroy the germs of putre-
faction and of disease. It is decomposed when taken internally and is soon
found in the urine. Locally it seems to have no action upon the germs, but it

IODOFORM DEODORIZED.

337

destroys their toxins. It is a local stimulant and anaesthetic, and as such it is
largely used to relieve pain and to stimulate the healing of wounds and
ulcers. Very frequently it becomes absorbed into the blood from wounds and
ulcerated surfaces, giving rise to symptoms of narcotic poisoning ; causing great
restlessness, rise of temperature, excitement, headache, quick pulse, followed by
unconsciousness, coma, stupor, collapse, great exhaustion, and even death.

Therapeutic uses.— It is highly poisonous to the virus of syphilis and
gonorrhoea. It is not irritant like iodine and hence useful in cases of syphilitic
affections of the brain and spinal cord. As a stimulant application mixed with
oxide of zinc, it is used in carbuncles, injuries and wounds of the cornea,
and granular conjunctivitis. With collodion its application is very useful in supra*
orbital and other neuralgias. In erysipelas, iodoform with collodion is applied
to relieve the pain. It should not be applied extensively or over a very large raw
surface. It is of benefit in piles, in fistula and other painful ulcers of the rectum.
Triturated with tannin its application is extensively used in midwifery and
gynocological practice as in erosion of the os and cervix. It is used
as an injection or as a bougie in gonorrhoea, ozaena, and other nasal
discharges ; and as a snuff in otorrhoea. The powder is insufflated in syphilitic
ulcerations of the mucous membrane of the nose, tongue and pharynx. In
laryngeal phthisis its application to the ulcerated surface is followed with
relief. In syphilitic rheumatism, in syphilitic night pains, also in neuralgia,
ulcers and soft chancres it is very useful. A mixture of iodoform and white
peat (kieselghur) or a compound powder of iodoform, alabaster and oil sanitas,
is sprinkled on foetid sores with excellent results. In epididymitis or orchitis an
iodoform ointment (t to 4), in nasal catarrh (rhinitis) and in coryza iodoform
snuff has been used with benefit. Internally as a tonic, it is given with iron
for removing the foetor of organic discharges as foetid expectoration,
stinking stool, foetid urine, foetid perspiration, &c. In tuberculosis it checks
the activity of the bacillus. In phthisis and scrofula it is sometimes given with
creosote. Under its use the body increases in weight and general condition
improves. When ergotin fails in checking haemoptysis, iodoform with tannic
acid has been found very effective ; in diabetes it is very useful. It stops vomit-
ing and relieves pain in ulcer of the stomach.

The value of iodoform as an antiseptic dressing for wounds is uncontested,
but its peculiar odour is a great bar to its employment. Various efforts have been
made to remove this odour by the addition of certain drugs, but to no pur-
pose. Of late certain synthetically-prepared organic compounds have been
introduced into practice as substitutes for it with tolerable success.

To conceal the disagreeable smell of iodoform several substances have from
time to time been added without forming a chemical compound. These are
tannic acid (1 to 4), oil of bitter almonds or oil of roses (1 to 60), Tonquin
beans, oil of geranium, balsam of Peru, thymol (1 to 250), menthol, tar,
eucalyptus oil, musk, creolin, coumarin (1 in 45), vanilla, sanitas oil, powdered
roasted coffee, oil of nitro-benzole, oil of lavender, oil of anise, &c. To
remove the odour from utensils, scour the utensils with sawdust and carbolic
acid. From the hands, use turpentine.

Iodoform Deodorized. — Iodoform 60 grs., oil amygdalae 2b drs., oil of Theo-
bromine 2\ drs., oil of myristicae 10 ms., musk 3 grs., cumarin 6 grs., spirit 1 dr.
A dry powder, used for insufflation or dusting.

Iodoformal. — A compound of ethyl hexainethylene hydriodide and iodoform.
As an antiseptic it is superior to iodoform and iodoformin. Used as a dusting

A3

338

XODOFORMIN

powder or as an ointment io per cent., or as sticks, 20 per cent, in gonorrhoea,

Iodcformin. — It contains iodoform 75 per cent, and hexamethylene tetramine
25 per cent. On the addition of acid or alkaline liquids, iodoform is set free.
A white powder ; becoming yellow on exposure to light ; has a very slight
odour, is insoluble in water. Used as dressing for wounds and ulcers.

Iodoformum Bituminatum. — A compound of iodoform and tar. Occurs in
transparent scales, has a metallic lustre and is easily pulverisable. It diminishes the
volatility of iodoform and disguises its disagreeable odour. Used as a stimulant
and antiseptic application over indolent ulcers and in chronic skin diseases.

Iodoformogen. — A bright yellow, almost odourless bulky powder. It con-
tains 10 per cent, of iodoform. It is a chemical combination of iodoform and
albumen. Used as a dusting powder for wounds and ulcers.

lodol. — Iodolum — Pyrrol-tetraiodide — Tetra-iodo-pyrrol : — Precipitate pyrrol,
a coal-tar product obtained from Dippel’s oil (animal bone oil) with alcoholic
solution of iodine and iodide potassium, and evaporate. It is a light-brown
or yellowish finely crystalline powder, without odour or taste, insoluble in
water, soluble in ether (1 in 3), in alcohol (1 in 6), chloroform oils and glycerin
(1 in 145) ; contains 90 per cent, of iodine. Dose — \ to 5 grs. Iodine is readily set
free on being slightly heated. Used as ointment (5 to 10 per cent.), as tampons
containing iodol 35, glycerin and 24 alcohol.

Actions and uses. — Non-toxic, mild irritant, antiseptic and alterative. Externally
a good substitute for iodoform. Used internally it is freely dissolved in the gastric
juice and is rapidly absorbed : hence given in place of potassium iodide in
tertiary syphilis, tuberculosis, scrofula, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, gastric
ulcers, chronic gastric catarrh; chronic intestinal catarrh. Externally an oint-
ment (1 in 50 of vaseline) is used for chronic granular conjunctivitis, lupus, and
chancre. A solution of iodol 3, glycerin 62, and alcohol 35, or of iodol 2,
menthol 1, and almond oil 96, is used as a paint or spray in diphtheria; a simple
powder is dusted over in diphtheria, lupus, otorrhoea, ozsena, tonsillitis, in
syphilitic chancres or ulceration or inflammation of the larynx. Tampons are
used in gynocological cases. In urino-genital affections as anal fistula, cancer of
the uterus, it deodorizes foul discharges.

Iodophenin. — A coal-tar product. A combination of iodine and phenacetin.
A good substitute for iodoform. A dark-brown crystalline powder, contains 50
per cent, of iodine, half of which is liberated by solvents, hence apt to irritate ;
soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. A strong bactericide.

Iodopyrine - Iod antipyrin. — Antipyrin Iodide. — A derivative of antipyrin in
which an atom of iodine replaces one atom of hydrogen. Mix together hot
alcoholic solutions of iodine and antipyrin, and crystallize. In colourless silky
prisms, without taste or odour, soluble in hot water and alcohol, slightly so
in cold water. Dose — 15 to 20 grs. It is decomposed in the stomach into
antipyrine and iodine. As an antipyretic it reduces the temperature and causes
sweating without chills or collapse. Used in fevers, influenza, acute rheumatism,
gout, neuralgic headache, in syphilitic bone aches, and in tuberculosis of the
ungs.

Isobutyl Nitrite. — An etherial liquid of a peculiar odour ; contains 90 per cent,
of amyl nitrite. Dose — 3 to 5 ms. Used as capsules for inhalation. Jt is a car-
diac stimulant, nerve sedative and motor depressant. It acts promptly on blood
pressure, respiration and pulse rate. A substitute for amyl nitrite but more
reliable. Given internally and by inhalation in cardiac pain, also sea-sickness?
ague, angina pectoris, asthma.

ITRAL.

339

Ural- Jatrol.-- Obtained by the interaction of nascent iodine upon one of the
odide of the alkaline group. A non-toxic non-irritant crystalline compound— used
as dusting powder, or ointment known as unguentumcrede, and solution.
The ointment is used as an antiseptic dressing for suppurating and neglected
wounds. The solution i in 2,000 is often used to wash the wounds. The oint-
ment is locally applied in rhinitis and coryza ; also in epididymitis, to suppress its
enlargement,

Itrol — Argenti Citras — Silver Citrate. — White powder, without any odour. Is
non-caustic. Soluble in water (1 in 4,000). Used as lotion, ointment or powder.
An antiseptic for wounds.

Izal. — Thorncliffe disinfectant. A proprietary article. A bi-product of
Thorncliffe iron works in the process of coal formation. A white emulsion of
tarry hvdro-carbons ; contains little phenol, but probably some of its homologues ;
it does not coagulate albumen, does not oxidize ; used as solution (1 in 200).

Actions and uses. — Non-irritant, non-toxic, non-corrosive, antiseptic, germicidal
and disinfectant. Used in eczema, ringworm, to wash out suppurative cavities,
fresh wounds, foul ulcers, foetid sinuses. Internally it is given in chronic dyspep-
sia, foetid breath, foetid stools, foetid bronchital expectoration. Has been
tried with success in hay bacillus, mesenteric bacillus, anthrax, glanders,
septicoemia, cholera, pneumonia, &c.

Kairin — Oxy-chinoline Ethyl Hydride. — A synthetically prepared alkaloid.
Obtained from coal-tar or by the action of acetic acid on quinoline. With
hydrochloric acid it forms kairin hydrochloride. White crystals, soluble in water,
having a persistently nauseous taste. Dose — 5 to 8 grs. An antithermin and
antipyretic. Given in typhoid fever, scarlatina, pleurisy, phthisis, erysipelas,
ague and septicoemia.

Kandol. — A product formed by the distillation of naphtha. A perfectly clear
and colourless fluid, extremely volatile, easily inflammable, smelling- slightly of
benzene. Miscible with a small quantity of water or alcohol. Highly anaes-
thetic. A spray applied to the skin, reduces the heat and the skin becomes
very hard and completely anaesthetised.

Kaputin or Salfene. — Powdered acetanilid coloured with some coloring sub-
stance.

Keratin. — A pepsinized product. Prepared from animal horns or quill shavings
by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid and evaporated to dryness or by
interaction of pepsine and ammonia. A pale, yellowish-brown, amorphous
powder. Soluble in ammonia or acetic acid. Is insoluble in the acid gastric
juice, but only soluble in alkaline intestinal liquids. Used to coat pills which,
when swallowed, have to pass from the stomach into the intestines unchanged.

Kristalline — Cristaline. A form of collodion. Contains pyroxylin 5, methylic
alcohol 20, amyl acetate 75. Forms a transparent flexible film.

Kryofin — Methoxy-acet-para-phenatidin ; methvl-glycolic-acid-phenetidin. A
phenetidin derivative in which methyl-glycolic acid is replaced by acetic acid.

A coal-tar product allied to phenacetin, containing para-phenatidin and
methyl-glycolic acid. Prepared by heating para-phenatidin with methoxy-
acetic acid. It occurs as fine white crystals or needles, quite odourless and
tasteless ; soluble in cold water (1 in 600), boiling water (1 in 62), also in alcohol,
ether, choloroform and fixed oils. Dose — 3 to 8 grs. As an antipyretic,
antineuralgic, analgesic, and hypnotic ; most valuable in hyperpyrexia of phthisis,
in influenza, enteric fever, migraine, facial neuralgia, sciatica, &c. As a febrifuge

340

LACTOPHENIN.

it is superior to other antipyretics. In neuralgic dysmenorrhoea it is givera
with benefit.

Lactophenin — Lactyl-phenetidin. — A derivative of phenatidin. Produced by
the interaction of lactic acid on paraphenetidin. It differs from phenacetin in
that the acetic acid group has been replaced by lactic acid. A white, insipid
powder, soluble in water (i in 330). As an analgesic, antipyretic and hypnotic
given in neuralgia, migraine, acute rheumatism, chorea, locomotor ataxia,
typhoid fever, influenza and other zymotic diseases. Dose— 5 to 15 grs.

Lactyl tropeine. — Produced by the action of lactic acid upon tropeine. In white
needles, soluble in water, ether, alcohol and chloroform. As a cardiac and
gastric tonic given in palpitation and dyspepsia. Dose — ^ to 2 grs.

Lanoform. — A dusting powder having formaldehyde as its base. A mixture
of aldehyde, talc, precipitated zinc oxide, starch powder, and wool fat. Used
as a local application in excoriations and sores in children and infants.

Lanolimentum Boro-glycerini. — Contains boric acid 2, glycerine 10, water 5.
Apply heat ; when dissolved, add wool fat and olive oil. Used as an emol-
lient and soothing for abrasions, wounds, &c.

Largin. — An albuminoid component of protalbin and silver. A non-irritant,
whitish-grey powder; contains 1 1 per cent, of silver. It is soluble in water (1 in 10),
freely soluble in glycerin. It is not precipitated by chlorides or albumen. The
solution (1 in 50) is used as bactericide and astringent. Like silver nitrate it is
non-irritant. It easily penetrates into the tissues. In urethral gonorrhoea it
kills gonococci. It is more effective than protargol.

Lenigallol — Triacetate of pyrogallol. — Substitute for chrysarobin, resorcin
and pyrogallol. Lenigallol, a white powder, insoluble in water, soluble in
strong aqueous alkalies. Its ointment is used in psoriasis, eczema, &c. Its
action is slow, does not affect the healthy skin. Other pyrogallol deriva-
tives are eugallol, a monoacetate of pyrogallol and saligallol, a salicylate
of pyrogallol.

Leurobin. — Tetra acetate of chrysarobin ; properties similar to chrysarobin,
but milder. It is non-poisonous, non-irritatant. Does not stain the cloth or skin.
Is insoluble in water ; used as a dusting powder in psoriasis, chronic eczema,
herpes, tonsurans, &c.

Lipanin. — A straw-coloured oil. Taste oleaginous, containing 6 per cent,
of free oleic acid. It is readily assimilated. Used as an emulsion like cod-liver
oil. Dose — 1 dr. Like cod-liver oil it does not cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
or hiccough. Under its use the body rapidly increases in weight. Given in
tuberculosis, pulmonary affections. In rickets it is combined with phos-
phorus.

Listerine. — An American speciality composed of oxoniferous essences. It con-
tains benzoic acid 1, boracic acid 25, combined with active vegetable antiseptics,
as thymol 1, eucalyptol 1, tincture of baptisra 15, oil of gaultheria 2, oil of pep-
permint alcohol 325 and water to make 1000. A 20 per cent, solution is used
as an asepsis by spray, irrigation, atomization or as a lotion and mouth wash.
A clear liquid ; odour aromatic ; colour hay-like. Contains 2 per cent, of benzo-
boric acid. An active ozonifying and oxydizing agent ; a standard antiseptic
disinfectant, deodorant, non-toxic, non-irritant and non-escharotie. Used
as an antiseptic dressing for operative and other w7ounds ; a prophy-
lactic agent in gynaecology and in the treatment of nasal and urino-geni-
tal catarrh. Given in diphtheria, diarrhoea in children and adults, scarlet

LORETIN.

34 *

fever, pertussis and in fermentative form of indigestion. Its application pre-
serves the teeth from decay. As a spray it clears the atmosphere of the room
of its organic matters. It is a destroyer of infusorial life. Dose — i fl. dr.

Loretin. — Meta-iodo-ortho-oxy-quinoline-ana-sulphonic acid. A bright yellow-
coloured crystalline powder, similar to iodoform in appearance, but without its
odour ; slightly soluble in water and alcohol; forming soluble salts with alkalies,
as sodium or potassium, but not with lime ; forming emulsion in ether and in
oils. Bismuth Loretinas. Dose— 8 to 15 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic, non-toxic and non-irritant. A good substitute
for iodoform ; used as dusting powder or as insufflation or lotion in discharges
from the nose and ear, in burns, ulcers and other wounds. As a deodorant it
removes the offensive smell from purulent discharges. Urine is not affected by
this drug. Bismuth loretinas has a drying effect on wounds. Internally given
in diarrhoea of phthisis in the last stage.

Losophan — Meta-tri-iodo-cresol. — Pass iodine through an alkaline solution of
oxy-para toluic acid. Colourless or greyish, needle-shaped crystals without any
odour and of an acid taste. Soluble in benzene, chloroform, ether, oils and fats,
slightly so in alcohol and insoluble in water. Contains 80 per cent, of iodine.
As an antiseptic, parasiticide, the lotion 1 to 2 per cent, in alcohol or the oint-
ment (1 to 5 per cent.), or the dusting powder is used in parasitic skin diseases,
as eczema, prurigo, &c.

Lycetol. — Di-methyl-piperazine-tartrate. A compound of piperazine and
tartaric acid. A white powder soluble in water. Dose— 4 to 10 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiarthritic, antilithic, diuretic. — It combines the uric
acid solvent properties of piperazine with diuretic properties of tartaric acid.
Increases diuresis and lessens the specific gravity of urine. Used in gout,
rheumatism and uric acid diathesis.

Lyptol. — Contains hydrargyri bichloridi, formalin, oleum eucalyptus, and
benzo-boracic acid. As an antiseptic the ointment is used in the treatment of
skin diseases, cuts, burns, scalds, bruises, ulcers, sores, &c.

Lysidine — Ethylene-ethenyl-diamine. A reddish, white crystalline substance.

Solution Lysidine ( 1 in 2) an alkaline liquid. Given in acute gout, uric acid
diathesis. With piperazine it renders the blood more capable of removing uric
acid deposits and so increasing elimination. Dose — 30 to 60 ms.

Lysidine — Lysidine acid-tartrate — Lysidine Bitartrate. A white crystalline
powder of a saline taste, non-deliquescent. Soluble in water. Dose — 5 to 15 qrs.
Used like the above.

Lysol-Lysolum. — A German speciality. A saponified product of coal-tar.
Boil the tar oil with fat until it is dissolved. Filter and again boil. Then saponify
with alcohol or an alkali. Also obtained by the saponification of creosols. It is a
brown, oily liquid, of an aromatic odour, resembling creosols. Contains higher
homologues of phenol about 50 per cent. Soluble in water, forming a gelatinous
mixture, also in alcohol, chloroform and glycerin. The solution, 1 to 3 per cent.,
is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is 5 times stronger than carbolic acid
and £ as poisonous. Used in aural surgery and in gynaecology. In metorrhagia
and in cases of retained placenta used as an application to the uterus after curet-
ting, also applied as a paint in skin diseases as lupus, in diphtheria ; and as a
gargle for foul breath.

Malakine — Salicyl-para-phenetidin. — A combination of phenacetin and sali-
cylic acid or a condensation product of salicylic aldehyde and phenatidin.
Small, clear, bright yellow needles ; insoluble in water, with difficulty soluble in

342

MANNITOL HEXANITRATE.

cold alcohol, more readily so in hot alcohol. As an antipyretic the action is slow
and free from the ill after-effects. As an anodyne, antipyretic and analgesic it
is used in rheumatic arthritis, neuralgia, habitual headaches, fever, &c. Dose
— 60 to 90 grs. in cachets.

Mannitol Hexanitrate — Mannitol nitrate — Hexanitrin — Nitro-mannite. In

fine light acicular quinine like needles, liable to decomposition if long kept.
The crystals explode on being struck on a hammer, more explosive than
erythrol nitrate ; they are sparingly soluble in water. Used as tablets, 1 gr.
each, with chocolate as a vaso dilator in angina. Other properties are similar
to those of urethral nitrate.

Merrol— A proprietary preparation containing ox marrow, malt extract, and
hop extract. Given in wasting diseases.

Mercauro — Bromides of mercury, gold and arsenic. 10 ms., contains gold,
arsenic and mercury bromides 35- gr. each. As an alterative tonic given in
anaemia ; as antisyphilitic it is given as a specific in syphilis. Dose — 5 grs.

Mercuro— Iodo-hemol. A brown powder containing mercury i2'35 Per cent.,
iodine 28 per cent, and hemol 68 per cent. Given as antisyphilitic in syphilis.
Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Meta aldehyde. — A polymer of aldehyde. Identical in composition with para-
aldehyde — occurs in silky-white acicular crystals, insoluble in water, slightly
soluble in alcohol and ether. Given as an hypnotic and sedative. Dose — 2
to 8 grs. in cachets or pills.

Methacetin— Para-acet-anisidin ; Oxy-methyl-acetanilide. — A derivative of
amido-phenol and contains methyl in place of the ethyl group. It differs from
acetanilid in the substitution of oxy-methyl atom for hydrogen atom. White
or slightly reddish, shining, scaly crystals ; without any odour and of a bitter
saline taste ; soluble in water (1 in 500), more so in hot water, freely soluble in
alcohol, chloroform, glycerin and fatty oils. Dose — 2 to 5 grs. in cachets.

Actions and uses. — A powerful anodyne, antiputrescent and antipyretic, good
for children and feeble persons. Like phenacetin the fall of temperature is gra-
dual, and lasts for some hours. The rise following it is more rapid than the
fall. Given in neuralgia, pneumonia, typhoid fever. In ituberculosis and acute
rheumatism it should be used with caution, as it often leads to violent and
exhausting perspiration.

Methylal — Methylene-di methyl ether. Distil methyl alcohol with an oxi-
dizing mixture of sulphuric acid and manganese-dioxide ; add to the distillate
potash lye to separate methyl formate, and re-distil. A colourless, mobile
liquid of a slightly acid reaction ; odour like that of a mixture of chloroform and
acetic ether ; taste burning and aromatic. It produces a cold sensation on the
skin. Is soluble in water (1 in 3) and in ether, alcohol and oils. Dose— 15 to
30 ms. in syrup.

Actions and uses. — Local anaesthetic, efficient hypnotic, given to promote sleep.
It increases the heart-beats and lowers the blood pressure. As an antispasmodic
it is given in asthma, nervous, stomachic, and renal pains. With amyl nitrite it
is given in angina, tetanus, colic, and insomnia. Like chloroform, it is an effec-
tive remedy in delirium tremens ; its vapour combined with that of ether is used
in place of chloroform in surgical operations ; ro to 15 per cent, solution in oil
is externally applied. It is a good antidote to strychnine poisoning. It suspends
the spasm and relieves the nervous stomachic pain.

METHYL CHLORIDUM.

343

Remarks. — It is a solvent for the odorous principles of flowers in the manufac-
ture of perfumery.

Methyl Chloridum — Methyl Chloride — Mono-chlor-methane. Mix tog-ether
methyl alcohol, chloride of zinc and hydrochloric acid ; or heat trimethyl-
amine hydrochloride — trimethylamine being a residual product in the manu-
facture of alcohol from beetroot molasses — and distil, when ammonia and methyl
chloride are formed. Pass hydrochloric acid to separate ammonia, and methyl
chloride gas passes over. It is a colourless gas becoming liquid when condensed
under cold and pressure, and having an odour like that of ether or chloroform ;
evaporation produces intense degree of cold. Used in the preparation of anes-
tile. As a local anaesthetic, it is used as a spray in minor surgical operations, as
for opening abscesses, boils ; and as a refrigerant in operations for strangulated
hernia, phymosis, &c. It is also used in scraping lupus, in the treatment of
articular rheumatism, pleurisy, pneumonia, neuralgia, lumbago, sciatica, gout,
muscular pains and as an application by a brush to the scrotum for orchitis,
the surface should at first be painted with glycerine or oil.

Remarks. — It is supplied in a liquid form in iron cylinders from which it is
applied to the part, as a spray or by means of tampons soaked in the liquid.
The spray should be applied obliquely to the surface and with care, otherwise it
may cause blisters or eschars. It should not be continued longer than 4 minutes,
as death of the tissues may result.

Methylene Blue — Tetra-methyl-thionine chloride. An aniline derivative ;
dull or dark-green crystals or in brown powder forming an intense blue
solution in water (1 in 50). Used as an injection hypodermically. Dose — 1 to 4
grs. As a general anodyne or analgesic combined with ichthyol and chian
turpentine it is injected hypodermically in cancer. As an alterative it is given in
albuminuria, in acute and chronic Bright’s disease, dyspepsia, remittent fever,
cystitis and gonorrhoea. In migraine, chronic rheumatism, neuralgia and other
painful nervous affections and in certain malarial or non-malarial fevers, and
in nephritis, its administration is followed by marked relief.

Remarks. — It colours the urine blue ; combined with nutmeg it prevents
strangury. It is useful for the purpose of diagnosis of diabetic from non-dia-
betic blood. A dilute solution of methylene blue w'hen heated is discolored on
the addition of diabetic blood and will produce a yellow colour.

Methylene. — Formerly called Methylene Bichloride ; Dichlor-Methane. — To
obtain it pass chlorine gas over methyl chloride ; or reduce chloroform with
metallic zinc and hydrochloric acid. It is considered to be merely a mixture of
chloroform and alcohol. It is a colourless, ethereal liquid, of an agreeable odour
like that of chloroform ; insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether ;
air charged with methylene vapour is used as an ansesthetic for minor and major
operations. It is more rapid in producing unconsciousness than chloroform and
considerably safer, also quicker in passing off. Advocated where ether and
nitrous oxide is contraindicated. It is less safe than ether. For inhalation.
Dose — 1 to 2 drs. for minor operations, and 3 to 6 drs. for major operations.

Methyl Salicy las — Methyl salicylate. — Artificial oil of winter green. It is also
synthetically prepared by distilling salicylic acid or any alkaline salicylate with
methyl alcohol and sulphuric acid. A faint yellowish liquid, odour aromatic, taste
sweet or resembling that of oleum gaultheria. It is quickly absorbed if applied
to the skin and is less irritating than the natural oil. Dose — 1 to 5 ms.

As an antiseptic, antipyretic, stimulant and diuretic. It is given in articular
rheumatism, sciatica, cystitis, migraine and diabetes.

344

MICROCIDINE.

Microcidine — Sodium Beta Naptholate. — A combination ot B. naphtol and
caustic soda. A yellowish-white powder, non-toxic, soluble in water (i in 3).
Contains sodium naphtolate 75 per cent, and mixed naphtol and phenol
compounds 25 per cent. A powerful antiseptic. Used as solution (1 in 300),
lotion, and dressings or bandages for foul sores and ulcers.

Monol. — Calcii permanganas — Calcium permanganate — Brown crystals, highly
deliquescent, soluble in water 1 in 100,000 It sterilizes water in five minutes. As
an intestinal antiseptic given in gastro-entritis, diarrhoea. External^ used as a
mouthwash for foetid breath. Dose — 1 to 2 grs.

Merphinae Phthalas. — A combination o morphine and naphthalic acid. A
fine, amorphous, greyish powder in glassy scales. Contains 77 per cent, of the
alkaloid ; soluble in water ( 1 in 5), used as a hypnotic. The solution is hypoder-
mically injected like morphine in painful neuralgia, sciatica, &c. Dose — £ to
2 ST.

Muscarina. — Muscarine. Obtained from brain substance. Also found as an
alkaloid in Agaricus Muscarius or Amanita Muscaria. Like gelsemium if applied
locally it dilates the pupil ; if given internally it causes contraction. Like pilo-
carpine it produces diaphoresis and salivation. It is antagonistic to atropine.
Used in night sweats, diabetes insipidus, constipation, and in congestion of the
lungs ; its salt. Muscarinse Nitras is hygrosespic. Dose — ^ to TL gr., hypoder-
mically or in pill.

Mydrine. — A mixture of homatropine and ephedrine (1 in 100). Ephedrine is
an active principle of gentian (Japanese). It is a white powder, freely soluble in
water. As a mydriatic a 10 per cent, solution causes moderate dilatation of the
pupil, produces quicker but less lasting results.

Mygranin — Antipyrin Caffeine Citrate.— A compound of antipyrine, caffeine,
and citric acid. It contains 9 per cent, of caffeine. A crystalline powder, soluble
in water; as an anti-neuralgic it is given in migraine and the headache of
influenza. Dose — 8 to 15 grs.

Naphthol — Beta-naphtol, B.P. — Alcohol of naphthalene — Naphthyl alcohol —
Beta mono-hydroxy-naphthalene. A derivative of hydrocarbon, phenol, or coal
tar. To prepare it add sulphuric acid on naphthalin, when beta-naphthalene sul-
phuric acid is formed. To this add fused soda and afterwards hydrochloric
acid ; naphthol will be left behind. A colourless shining luminar or yellowish white
crystalline powder, of a faint camphorated storax or phenol-like odour, sharp
and pungent taste, soluble in water (1 in 1,000}, and in hot water (1 in 75) ;
addition of boric acid increases its solubility in water, soluble in alcohol (3 to 4) ;
readily so in boiling alcohol, ether, chloroform, olive oil (1 in 8), petroleum,
benzole, camphorated spirit and alkalies. With camphor it forms a liquid
combination. Dose — 3 to 10 grs., in cachet.

Preparations. — Alcoholic solution (1 in 20) of spirit with glycerine (1 in Jo).
Antiseptic gauze. Dusting powder, contains beta-naphthol 10 grs. and bismuth
subnitris 1 oz. Unguentum naphthali (1 to 8 of lard ) — Kaposis ointment.
Contains zinc oxide and lead acetate ; compound powder contains beta-
naphthol 5 grs., bismuth salicylol 6 grs., and magnesia 8 grs. Dose — 15 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — A powerful antiseptic, germicide and vermifuge, has a
local sedative action on the skin or the mucous membrane. It is more readily
absorbed. If taken in large and continued doses it gives rise to vomiting, neph-
ritis, bloody urine, to convulsions, and unconsciousness. Like tar the naphthal
solution or ointment, 10 to 15 per cent., is used to destroy parasite, to relieve

A. NAPHTHOL.

345

irritation of the skin as in scabies, acne, eczema, pediculi, psoriasis, bites of
lice, mosquitoes, bugs, &c.; as a dusting powder, or the solution is used in
ulcers and for removing foetor of cancer, in hyperidrosis, bromidrosis, and for
fetid odorous secretions occurring in axilla, feet, inguinal regions and hands ;
as a spray in otitis, ozasna, &c., as an inhalation in pharyngitis, chronic nasal
catarrh, whooping cough and chronic bronchitis ; as a gargle it is used in
pharyngitis, relaxed uvula and sore throat. Internally it is given to check
vomiting in flatulent dyspepsia, enteric fever, cholera ; also in diarrhoea and
dysentery. Compound powder is given in dyspepsia with constipation, in scarlet
and typhoid fevers. It is one of the ingredients in dentifrice powders.

A. naphthol is a powerful antiseptic, similar to B, naphthol, but possessing
^ the poisonous action of B. Naphthol. It also forms a liquid compound with
camphor. Is more irritant than B. Naphthol, but less toxic. 5 grs. in a quart
of water is used to wash the intestines.

Naphthol cum Camphora — Naphthol camphor — Camphorated naphthol, beta-
naphthol camphora is said to have 3 times the antiseptic power of B. Naphthol.
Heat beta-naphthol and camphor (2 to 4). A viscid liquid ; insoluble in
water, freely miscible with fixed oils. It dissolves ^ of its weight of iodine
and cocaine. Decomposes on exposure to air and light. Dose — 2 to 5 ms.
Undiluted. Used as an injection. Ointment (1 in 100).

Actions and uses. — As a parenchymatous injection used in tuberculous ade-
nitis, tuberculous testitis and in tuberculosis of the bladder. Also used for
irrigating cold abscesses, joints, bony cavities, <&c. As a local stimulant and
sedative of the skin its ointment is used in excorations, wounds, ulcers, &c.

Oxy-naphthelic Acid. — A naphthol carbonic acid — Carbo-naphthoic acid. — Pre-
pared from A. naphthol in the same way as salicylic acid is prepared from phenol.
A white crystalline powder without any odour, insoluble in water, soluble in
alcohol and alkalies, A very fine antiseptic, a substitute for, and five times
stronger than, salicylic acid.

Hydrargyri Napthol Acetas — Mercury B. naphthol acetate. — A white amorph-
ous powder, without any odour ; insoluble in the usual solvents and becoming a
green oily liquid by heat. Used as a dusting powder with kiesulguhr(i or 2 in
100) or as a paste triturated with albumen. As an antiseptic and mild antisy-
philitic it is used for wounds, ulcers and chancres. Dose — 2 to 1 g'r*

Hydrargyrum Naphtholicum — B. Naphthol mercury. — A mild, yellow neutral
powder, without any odour, insoluble in the usual solvents. Contains mercury
30 percent. Used as a dusting powder mixed with kieselguhr (1 in 100) or as
a salve mull. As a mild antisyphilitic it promotes the healing of wounds. It
has a specific action in typhoid. Dose — \ to 1 gr.

Naphthalmum — Naphthalin — Naphthalene — Tar Camphor — Camphor balls. —
A benzene derivative ; a hydrocarbon ; a by-product in the manufacture of coal
gas. Colourless, crystalline, shining plates of the odour of coal-tar ; taste
burning and aromatic ; very volatile, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol
^1 in 15), freely soluble in hot alcohol, ether, carbon bisulphide, fats, fixed and
volatile oils. Dose — 2 to 15 grs. As an anthelmintic, 15 grs. given with malt
extract, in powder with sugar, in capsules, or pills with mucilage.

Preparations. — Naphthalinum Precipitatum. Dissolve naphthalin in alcohol and
re-precipitate it with water. A fine powder, but less irritating than naphthalin.
Used as ethereal solution 10 per cent, or 10 to 20 per cent, solution in oil as a parasi-
ticide in scabies ; and as bandages, gauze, wool and as an enema. Dose— 8 grs.

44

34<5

NAPHTHALENE TETRACHLORIDE,

Naphthalene Tetrachloride— Naphthalin Hydrochloride.—Rhomboic prisms*
without any odour and without colour, insoluble in water. Dose — 3 to 12 grs,
in cachets or pills a-dichloro-naphthalene obtained by the interaction of alcoholic
potash on naphthalene tetrichloride. In small granular crystals.

Physiological action.— Antiseptic, disinfectant, parasiticide, antiphlogistic, anti-
fermentative, vermifuge, expectorant and anodyne. Like iodoform, it is de-
structive to low organisms, animal and vegetable. It is not absorbed by the
system ; it acts only on the mucous membrane of the bowels. It is very sparingly
soluble, and hence taken into the blood it is eliminated by the kidneys unchanged.

Therapeutics. — It is given to soothe the irritated mucous membranes, in
intestinal, gastric and vesical catarrh, in worms, in dysentery, in diarrhoea
due to phthisical and typhoid ulcers, &c. As an antiseptic it removes the foetor
from stools, breath and urine, and hence given in infantile diarrhoea, enteric
fever, cystitis and suppurative nephritis. As a stimulant expectorant it is inhaled
in diphtheria, whooping cough in children, in chronic bronchitis and other
lung affections. As a parasiticide, an ointment composed of naphthalin with
sulphur and balsam of peril, or of naphthalin with soap, chalk and lard, is
used in scabies, pediculi, indolent ulcers, open sores, chancres, sloughing wounds,
pus cavities, &c. The solution (1 in 10) is used to relieve irritation from bites
of bugs, mosquitoes, bees, flies, &c. It is a valuable anthelmintic in tinea and
ascarides ; it is an alternative to iodoform, and on account of its volatile
character it is used to purify the air of sick rooms, bath rooms, privies, &c.
Naphthalene is moulded into blocks or sticks and sold under different names—
Alabastrin, used for preventing moths ; Camphylene, for disinfecting urinals,
and stables ; Albo carbon, for increasing the luminosity of gas.

Nasrol — Sodium Caffeine Sulphonate — Caffeine-Sulfo-saur-en-natrinus — Sym-
phorol Nitrium. — A compound consisting of caffeine, sulphonic acid and sodium.
A white crystalline powder, soluble in water. As a diuretic given in cardiac and
renal affections and in fatty heart. Dose — ioto 15 grs. Like symphoral nitrium,
lithium and strontium are also prepared, and called, respectively, symphoro!
lithium and symphorol strontium.

Nectrianine. — Non-poisonous. Used as an hypodermic injection and paste in
the treatment of cancer. It relieves the pain, arrests hemorrhage, and removes
the foetor from the discharges.

Neurilla. — Contains the active principle of Scutellaria and aromatics. A cal-
mative for nervousness, restlessness, tremors, twitchings, &c. Given during
menstruation and pregnancy. In fevers during child-birth and during teething in
children. It induces nerve tranquility. Dose— | to 1 dr. In children, 5 to 20
drops.

Neurodins — Acetyl-para — Oxy-phenyl-urethane. — Colourless crystals, slightly
soluble in water, soluble in boiling water (1 in 140). Dose — 15 grs. as anti-
neuralgic, 5 to 10 grs. as antipyretic. As an antirheumatic, analgesic, and anti-
nervine it is given in various forms of fevers and in neurotic diseases, chiefly in
women as sciatica, rheumatic pains, migraine, &c.

Nitro Glycerinum — Nitro Glycerin — Trinitrin— Glyceryl Trinitrate — Glonoin
Glonoinum. — Add pure glycerin into a mixture of fuming nitric and sulphuric
acids, keep cool by ice below 40° F. Throw the product into water.
Nitroglycerin is separated and dried. A colourless, dense, oily liquid, without
odour and of a sweet aromatic taste. Highly dangerous explosive, slightly
soluble in water, freely so in alcohol, ether, oils and fats. Dose — 250 -50 gr«

LIQUOR GLONOINI. 347

A mixture of nitro-glycerine with an infusorial earth forms an explosive fami-
liarly known as dynamite.

Liquor Glonoini. — Solution of Glonoin, Spirit of Nitro-glycerin Liquor
Trinitrini, B.P. Solution of Trinitrin— Liquor Nitro -glycerini. — It contains 1
gr. in 110 ms. of alcohol. A clear, colourless liquid, of an alcoholic odour
and taste. Dose— £ to 2 ms. Tabellse nitro-glycerini — Nitro-glycerin
tablets — Tabellae glonoini Trochisci nitro-glycerini. Contains nitro-glycerin
rmyg‘r* in solution with chocolate. Dose— 1 to 2 Tabellae Trinitrini, B.P. —
Contains chocolate and nitro-glycerini ^ gr. in each* Dose— 1 to 2 tablets.
Injectio nitro-glycerini hypodermica &r- in 1 m*). Dose — 1 to 4 ms.

Tabellae trinitrini compositae— Nitro-glycerin gr., amyl nitrite i gr., capsi-

cum ~ gr., menthol gr. Dose — 1 to 2 tablets. Capsicum exerts a warming
action, and menthol facilitates the absorption of nitro-glycerin. Oleum nitro
glycerini (1 per cent, in almond oil). Dose — 1 to 2 ms. Pilula Nitro-glycerini-
Made with the obroma oil as basis to gr. or more.

Actions and uses. — An unstable compound, acts more powerfully than nitrite
of sodium and amyl nitrite ; the whole of it is absorbed without decomposition,
and the nitrous acid is set free imthe blood. It is a cerebral and cardiac stimu-
lant, motor depressant, vaso-dilator, and antispasmodic. It has a powerful action
on circulation ; it dilates the blood vessels, and increases the arterial tension.
It acts rapidly as amyl nitris, but the result is not so lasting. One drop of 1 per
cent, solution, if given early, wards off an attack of angina pectoris or of
fainting. As an antispasmodic it is given in asthma, hiccough, sciatica, hysteria,
dysmenorrhoea, convulsions, epilepsy, sick headache, whooping cough, &c. As
a cardiac stirriulant like digitalis, it is given in weak and fatty heart with
dyspnoea, in pulmonary congestion, pulmonary oedema and dropsy ; also in
collapse, fainting, coal gas poisoning and in drowning. In epilepsy it is
said to lessen the frequency of the attacks. It is given to relieve craving for
opium. It is sometimes given in Bright's disease and in Uraemic coma.

NoSophen— Iodophen — Tetra-iodophenol phthaleine. -^-Obtained by the inter-
action of iodine and phenol-phthalein. A yellow powder without any odour or taste.
Insoluble in water, soluble in ether and chloroform. Contains 60 per cent, of
iodine. Like an acid it combines with bases to form salts. With sodium it forms
a soluble salt, a greenish blue powder having a faint odour of iodine and
known as antinosin ; with bismuth, an insoluble salt containing 52*9 per cent,
of iodine and 14*5 per cent, of bismuth ; odourless and tasteless powder and
known as eudoxin. As a germicide and antiseptic they are used as an in-
sufflation or a dusting powder in rhinitis, coryza, eczema, wounds, and
ulcers ; internally given in gastro-intestinal catarrh. Dose — 3 to 8 grs.

Okol. — Contains hydrocarbon acid 33 per cent, and neutral oils. An emulsion
of an opaque-gray colour. As a disinfectant and bactericide it is used as a wash
or a spray (1 in 300) or as a lotion (1 in 200) for foul ulcers and sores.

Ole-anodyne. — A combination of oleic acid with vegetable alkaloids as aconitine,
atropine, morphine and veratrine. It is rapidly absorbed, and forms a
strong anodyne liniment which can be diluted with oils, chloroform or with spirit.
It is not compatible with compound camphor or with soap liniment.

Oleite — Polysolve — Solvine — sulphoricin oleate of sodium. — Treat castor oil
with sulphuric acid, wash with water and ether, and saponify with soda.
These preparations consist of sulphoricin oleate of sodium. Oleate is a
yellowish, oily liquid, miscible with water, alcohol and chloroform, readily ab-
sorbed by the skin, It has a remarkable solvent power. It readily dissolves

34§

OREXINE,

sulphur, chrysarobin, iodoform, also alkaloids whose activity it greatly increase's*
Mixed with gelatine it is used as a soothing and emollient plaster. It is known
as Turkey red oil, as it is used as a solvent for the dye of Turkey red.

Orexine — Phenyldihydrochinazolin.— -Qrexin means increasing appetite. A
synthetically prepared base. A yellowish white powder or crystals. The taste is
nauseous and pungent, is highly irritating to the nostrils. Almost insoluble in?
water and in alcohol ; completely insoluble in ether. Dose — 2to 10 grs*
In coated pills or cachets. Orexine hydrochloride is a white powder, but
soluble in water (i in 13) and in alcohol, but in soluble in ether; very irritating
and causes vomiting. Orexin Tannas—Orexine Tannate. — Is a greyish-white
powder, without taste or odour, insoluble in water. Dose — 4 to 8 grs. Used
as powder, tablets, capsules or cachets.

Actions and uses.— -As a stomachic and digestive, orexine supersedes all bitter
infusions. It stimulates the appetite. This action is chiefly due to the increase
of the hydrochloric acid secretion. It has also a stimulating effect upon the
motor and sensory nerves of the stomach, hence given in vomiting of preg-
nancy with benefit. Given in tuberculosis in children and in phthisis. Orexine
fannate improves general health. Under its use vomiting brought on by
frequent attacks of coughing disappears. During convalescence after severe
and exhausting illnesses, orexine tannate improves the appetite and restores
strength. Should not be given in hyperacidity and gastric ulcers.

Orphol — Bismuthi-Beta-Naphthaiate. — A compound of beta naphthol and bis-
muth. Contains 50 to 70 per cent, of bismuth oxide. A reddish-brown powder?
without any odour. Insoluble in water. Dose — 10 to 20 grs. As an intestinal?
antiseptic and astringent it is less irritating than naphthol, and given in gastric
and intestinal fermentative disorders as dyspepsia, enteritis, &c.

Orthoform — Methyl-ester of para amido-meta-oxy-benzoic acid.— White
crystalline powder, non-poisonous, of alkaline reaction, without any odour or
taste, slightly soluble in water. With acids it forms salts. Dose— 1 to 3 grs.
Orthoform hydro-chloride. — A fine powder, soluble in water (1 to 9), too acid and
highly irritating ; used for urethral injection. As a dusting powder and ointment
(10 per cent.) with paraffin ; lanoline or too acid for hypodermic injection or for
applying to the eye, pure orthoform is used as a solution in collodion.

Actions and uses.— Local anodyne, antiseptic and narcotic. As an anaesthetic it
acts only when in contact with exposed nerve ends. It is given in painful gastric
ulcers and cancer. In syphilitic headache it is very useful when given internally.
Externally used to relieve pain in sores, wounds, burns, ulcers and cracks on the
nipples. The solution of orthoform is used as a paint or as an emulsion with
glycerin, for application within the uterus as it renders the operation painless.
In whooping cough the powder is insufflated into the posterior part of the
pharynx through an atomiser.

Panopepton. — Contains all the elements of nutrition in a peptonized, diffusible
and soluble form.

Paraffinum Durum, B.P. — Hard paraffin — Paraffin wax — Solid paraffin —
Petrolatum spissum. — A mixture of several of the harder members of the paraf-
fin series of hydrocarbons. Obtained by distillation from shale (a rock of slaty
structure). The lighter or more volatile portions being distilled off, the solid
products are purified, and the liquid oils separated by refrigeration and purifica-
tion. Colourless, semitransparent, fatlike mass of the consistence of cerate ;
colour white to yellow, without any odour or taste ; slightly unctuous to the

PARAFFIN MOLLE.

349

'touch, insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, and freely soluble in
ether. It melts at 130° F. It burns with a bright flame, leaving no residue.
Chiefly used to form ointment bases. It gives consistency to vaseline which
is generally too soft for general use. Another variety is known as Ceresin. It
has melting point about 1550 F. It is a hard white paraffin prepared from
ozokerit or earth wax. When coloured yellow, it is known as yellow Ceresin.

Paraffin Molle, B.P.— Soft paraffin — Petrolatum molle. — A semisolid mixture of
several softer or more fluid members of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons
obtained by purifying the less volatile portions of petroleum ; occurs as white
or yellow, soft, transluceut mass of the consistence of ointment, unctuous to
the touch, free from any unpleasant odour, melts at 1020 F., and combines with
fats, oils, oleates and oleic acid. It readily dissolves alkaloids, also thymol,
menthol, salicylic acid and chrysarobin. It dissolves phenol (1 in 20), atropine
(1 in 120), morphine (1 in 200), cocaine (1 to 100), quinine (1 in 80), and veratrine
(1 in 80). It volatilizes without giving off any acrid fumes, burns with a bright
flame, leaving no residue. It is insoluble in water, freely soluble in ether,
chloroform and benzol, slightly soluble in absolute alcohol. It never becomes
rancid. It cannot oxidise ; it is unchangeable, hence superior to lard and other
fats which are irritating. Caustic alkalies have no saponifying action. Soap
and water washes off vaseline. Paraffin molle is known in commerce by
various names — Vaseline, Vaseinum, Gelatum petroleum, or Petroleum jelly, an
amber-coloured unctuous substance. It is decolorized by repeatedly filtering
it through animal charcoal, when it becomes opal-white vaseline, and is known
in commerce as vaselinum album ; inodorous and unirritating, used for the toilet
as a valuable lubricant and protective of the skin. Other similar compounds are
adepsine, chrisma, cosmoline, fossiline, ozokerine, geoline, salvo petrolia, &c.

Ceratum Petrolei-- Vaseline or Salvo petrolia. — Contains vaselene (white) 2
and paraffin 1, suitable as a basis for ointments. Vaselone — A substitute for
vaseline. It is a solution of stearcne 5 per cent, and margarone 15 per cent, in
neutral mineral oil 100. It is white, odourless, neutral, not affected by acids or
chemical agents. Stearone is prepared by distilling stearin with lime and
margarone by distilling beef suet with lime. Unguentum Paraffini, B.P. —
Paraffin ointment. — Take hard paraffin 3, soft paraffin 7. Melt together, and,
when cool, triturate. Liquid vaseline — oil vaseline is a mixture of paraffins and
used as a vehicle for hypodermic injections. It or oleum deelinae is used as
a solvent for cocaine ( 1 p.c.), helenin (1 p.c.), iodine (2 p.c.), iodoform (1 p.c.),
thymol (10 p.c.), phenol (1 p.c.), phosphorus (1 p.c.), menthol, camphor, &c. ;
also for insoluble mercurial salts for hypodermic injection such as calomel
(10 p.c.), mercuro salicylate (10 p.c.), mercuro succinate (10 p.c.), mercuro
thymol acetate (10 p.c.), and mercuric red oxide (10 p.c.). Its solvent powers
are not very satisfactory as in the case of vegetable alkaloids, such as
agaricin, hyoscyamine, physostigmine, quinine, salol, &c.

Preparations. — Terrol — Terroline — Terraline. — A product of petroleum. In a
fluid form, without any odour. Dose — 1 to 2 drs. Emulsio petrolei et hypophos-
phitum — Contains liquid paraffin 20, acacia 10, and water 14. To this add sodium
hypophosphite 1 and calcium hypophosphite 1 and to 100 and triturate. Dose —
1 to 4 drs.

Petrolatum. — Petroleum ointment. 3 varieties, having different melting-
points.

Petroleum Soap. — Contains 25 per cent, of petroleum. Used as an insecticide.

350

PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUM.

Actions and uses. — Petroleum is non-irritant to the skin "wounds, sores in*
any condition and to the mucous membranes ; it is a good solvent and emollient.
It is not easily absorbed. It protects the part to which it is applied. Being an
emollient, it prevents the formation of hard crusts or debris. It is used as a
vehicle for hypodermic injections and as a basis for spray for laryngeal and
nasal irritations. As a pigment it is used in coryza, ozaena»and other forms
of rhinitis ; also used as an emollient to the skin and as a lubricant to cutlery
and other instruments. Terrol is given internally in phthisis, coughs, cold,
pneumonia, &c. It improves the appetite, and increases the weight and
strength ; although probably not digested, it is in some way assimilated, and
acts as an antiseptic and demulcent in the intestinal tract. Rock oil or bitumen
or naphtha was used formerly instead of petroleum for similar purposes. Crude
petroleum is found in various places, and is known as naphtha, petroleum, seneca*
oil, Barbadoes tar, Trinidad pitch, &c.

Paraffinum Liquidum, B.P. — Liquid vaseline— Liquid paraffin-^-Crude petro-
leum— Liquid petrolatum.

Petroleum, petra rock and oleum oil, the rock oil.

Vernacular. — Beng. — Matiya tela; Burm. — Yennah ; Can. — Mun-nun yan
nch ; Guz. — Matti-nu tela; Hind. — Mitti kd tela; Malayal. — Muntylam /
Tam. — Mun-yenni muntylam ; Tel. — Manti tylam , Manti nooiich.

It is a mixture of hydrocarbons, of marsh gas series. Crude petroleum is a
substance found in Wells on top of streams or oozing from the ground. From
this liquid paraffin is prepared by removing the lighter and more volatile portion
by distillation or refining. Liquid paraffin is a colourless transparent liquid,
without any odour or taste. It does not become rancid, has little or no greasi-
ness ; insoluble in wafer and alcohol, and soluble in ether, chloroform, turpen-
tine, benzene, benzol, and oils. In commerce it is known by various names—
adepsine oil, paroleine, oleum deelinae, glymol. Used as a vehicle for hypoder-
mic injections.

Preparation. — Medicated oil. Contains ol. deelinae i oz., ol. ricini i oz-,
ol. olivae 2 ozs. Very effective for chronic eczema and psoriasis.

Actions and uses. — Used as a liquid solvent, as a basis for laryngeal and
nasal spray solutions or pigments containing menthol, cocaine or other
medicaments. Applied in general gouty and scorbutic eczema, varicose veins,
congenital ichthyosis, chronic erythematons eruptious, piles artd excoriations
about the anus, sycosis, & c.

Para-form — Triformal, try-oxy-methylene, paraformic aldehyde.— A polymer
of formic aldehyde. A 5 per cent, suspension of paraform in collodion. A
white friable amorphous powder, irritating to the nostrils, soluble in boiling
water, caustic soda and baryta water, and insoluble in collodion. By combining
with the products of combustion and by heating (without exposure to air)
it is transformed into formic aldehyde. Dose — 1 to 15 grs. in tablets.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic and disinfectant. As a cautery mixed with collo-
dion it is painted in skin affections as naevi, keloid and other growths. It
affects necrosed bone and the dried mass falls off spontaneously. Internally it is
given in catarrh of the bowels, in typhoid fever and cholera.

Paraldehydum, B.P. — Paraldehyde. — A polymeric modification of ethylic
aldehyde. Prepared by the interaction of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid and
aldehyde. A colourless transparent liquid at ordinary temperature. Like glacial
acetic acid, it crystallizes at a temperature below 5o° F j of a peculiar ethereal

rENTALUM, PENTAL.

351

odour and of an acrid and afterwards cooling taste, resembling aldehyde ;
soluble in cold water (1 to 10), less so in hot water, and freely soluble in alco-
hol, ether, chloroform, and oils. Dose — yz to 2 drs. In syrup or almond mix-
ture or Capsules.

Preparations.— Spiritus aetheris nitrosi, B.P. — Elixir paraldehydi. — Contains
paraldehyde 240, glycerin 240, alcohol (90 per cent.) 480, oil of cinnamon 4,
oil of bitter orangeS, saccharin 1. Dose-i to 3 drs. given internally. Capsules
contain 40 ms. each. Dose — 1 to 2.

Actions and uses. — Nervine sedative, diuretic, antispasmodic, like aldehyde,
but it does not cause any suffocation when respired. As a hypnotic it is
similar to chloral, but less permanent, requiring frequent repetition ; it leaves no
injurious after-effects. It strengthens the heart's action, but diminishes its fre-
quency. It increases the secretion of the kidneys. It causes cerebral excite-
ment, soon followed by a refreshing sleep; this effect results in from 5 to 14
minutes, and lasts 5 to 6 hours. It does not impair digestion. Given in fever, spas-
modic asthma, rheumatism and insomnia due to the mental worry or excitement.
In nervous disorders, as mania, melancholia, dementia, it acts more as a sedative
than anodyne. It is antagonistic to strychnine poisoning. In the nausea
of migraine, in delirium tremens, in tetanus, in atheromatous degeneration of
arteries, in fatty heart, in vomiting due to ovarian irritation or of pregnancy,
in sea sickness, &c., it is given with good results. It is contraindicated in
gastric irritation or inflammatory fevers or in inflamed condition of the throat
or of lungs.

Pentalum, Pental. — Tri-methyl ethylene. — Isomeric with amylene. Digest
amylene hydrate or amylic alcohol with chloride of zinc and diluted sul-
phuric acid and add water. When pure pental and tertiary amyl alcohol are
formed, separate pental by fractional distillation. It is highly inflammable,
and unirritant to the throat. A volatile colourless liquid of a strong mustard-like
odour. Insoluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform and
ether, boils at ioo° F. Dose — 1 to 2 dr. As an inhalation the solution is used
as a safe and rapid anaesthetic. Like nitrous oxide it is safe and rapid in action
and more persistent. It causes insensibility to pain, but leaves no bad after-
effects. It seldom causes any exhilaration and no loss of consciousness.
It does not lose its effects.by repeated inhalations ; compared with ethyl bromide,
its effect is slower, but more permanent. With chloroform it acts more
promptly or has no evil after-effects. As a local anaesthetic it is used in all sur-
gical operations. Cotton soaked in it is applied in painful teeth. It is also of
great benefit in painful neuralgia.

Peronine — Benzoyl morphine hydrochloride. — It is the hydrochloride of the
benzyl ether of morphine. Heat together morphia, sodium ethylate, benzyl
chloride and absolute alcohol till sodium chloride is precipitated. To the
filtrate add benzyl, morphine and hydrochloric acid, when soluble hydrochlor-
ate of benzyl morphia is formed, and acid hydrochlorate is insolated. A good
substitute for morphia and codeine. A white powder or colourless lustrous
needles. Taste caustic, soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, chloroform or ether.
Dose — i to yz gr. in pill or in aqueous delution.

Actions and uses. — A substitute for morphine. Respiratory sedative, also
hypnotic and anodyne and feeble narcotic ; given to allay obstinate cough, also
in phthisis, in catarrh and whooping cough. As a hypnotic, it produces sound
sleep. Given in the state of excitation, also to relieve rheumatic and neuralgic
pains. It is free from all bad after-effects of morphine.

352

PERUSCABIN.

Peruscabin.— An active constituent of Peruvian balsam or balsam of Peru,
containing benzoic acid and benzyl-ester in the form of an oil known as perus-
cabin. The oil is synthetically prepared from balsam of Peru. A pure oil,
clear, or viscid, without any odour or taste. Exposed to cold, it congeals into a
crystalline form. Forms with castor oil or with olive oil a 25 per cent,
solution known as peruol.

Peruol.— A good substitute for balsam of Peru. It is non-irritant, without any
odour or colour. It does not soil the linen. Used like balsam as an embroca-
tion, to be followed by a wash with soft soap and warm water.

Petanelle. — A patent preparation of fibrous peat— an absorbent wool. A
powerful deodorant and antiseptic ; prevents putrefaction and fermentation ;
used in cases of suppurating wounds and foetid purulent discharges.

Petrosulfol.— A bituminous preparation. Used as a parasiticide in eczema,
acne, favus, and psoriasis. Also given internally in neuralgia, chronic
rheumatism, gastric catarrh.

Phenacetinum, B. P. — Phenacetin — Para-acet-phenetidin— Para oxy-ethyl-
acetanilid. Obtained by the interaction of glacial acetic acid and para-
phenetidin, a body obtained from phenol or from para-nitro-phenol. It is an
acetyl compound of phenetidin (the ethyl ether of para-mido phenol, allied in
composition to acetanilide (antifebrin). White, glistening, scaly crystals,
without odour or taste, very sparingly soluble in cold water (1 in 1400), more
so in boiling water, freely so in glycerin and in alcohol (1 in 20). Dose as an
antipyretic 5 to 10 grs., as an analgesic 15 to 25 grs., as lozenges 4 grs. each.

Physiological actions and uses . — As an antipyretic it is safer than antipyrin or
antifebrin, rapid in its action, harmless, and it does not produce nausea, vomiting,
cyanosis, collapse, &c. Used as an analgesic and antithermic it soothes the pain,
it lowers the temperature rapidly, lasting some hours, but the subsequent rise is
slower. It is given in neuralgia, migraine, headache, sciatica, rheumatism,
hysteria, in enteric and rheumatic and other fevers of India, in malarial fevers,
sunstroke, eruptive fevers, pneumonia, phthisis, &c.

Phenalgin. — A synthetically prepared* ammoniated coal-tar product of the
amido-benzene series, chemically known-as phospho-ammonio-phenyl-acetamide.
A pure white powder having a strong ammoniacal taste and odour; contains
ammonia in a nascent state. Used as powder or tablets. Dose— 5 grs.

Actions and uses. — Non-toxic. A vascular stimulant, hypnotic, anodyne,
antipyretic, antimalarial and germicide. Ammonia is liberated on its entry into
the stomach in a nascent state, and thus neutralizes the depression which
follows the administration of antipyretics. As a non-toxic it is given in painful
menstruation, in insomnia, gastralgia, persistent vomiting, headache from a
variety of causes, in various forms of neurosis and hyperacidity of the stomach.
In lumbago, sciatica, myalgia and rheumatism its action is similar to that of
chloral. Generally given in combination with salicylate of sodium, salol, lycetol,
guaiacol carbonate, and creosote ; combined with arsenic it is of benefit in
phthisis and malarial affections. As a narcotic, phenalgin takes the place of
morphia. It calms the acute pain and brings on refreshing sleep.

Phenamid. — A synthetic preparation derived from Trimethylamine. Superior
to antipyrin, as it does not depress the heart — a positive vascular stimulant, given
to subdue inflammatory fevers.

Phenocoll — Phenol Glycocoll — Amido-acet-para phenetidin — a derivative of
phenacetin, a new antipyretic. A combination of glycocoll (amido-acetic acid) and

PHENOPYRItt.

355

Jptaenefidlh. White, acicular crystals, with a tendency to mat tog-ether, slightly
■soluble in water, ether, benzole and chloroform, freely soluble in alcohol and warm
water. Phenocoll hydrochloride — Amido-acet-para-phenetidin hydrochloride —
Glycocoll-para-phenetidln hydrochloride. Synthetically prepared by the inter-
action of phenetidin and glycocoH’(amido*acetic acid) or of chlor-acetil chloride
ton para amido phenetol and by treating- the resulting product with ammonia.
Chemically allied to phenacetin. White crystalline powder ; boiled with acids or
alkalies it splits up into phenacetin and glyCocoll. It is soluble in cold water
f i in 16), a soluble substitute of phenacetin. Dose — 5to 15 grs. Used in solution
or cachets or as injection hypodermically. Phenocoll salicylate-salocoll combines
the action of phenocoll and salicylic acid. Dose — 10 to*3o grs.

Actions and uses. — Analgesic and a-ntiperiodic. A -gocd and quick antipyretic ;
(reduces the temperature within an hour without producing rigors or sweats. It is
(more readily absorbed. As a sedative it is used in cases where salicylic acid is
•contraindicated. Given in hectic, malarial, typhoid and rheumatic fevers
influenza, neuralgia, phthisis, but not in gonorrhoea, rheumatism., &>c. It is twice
as powerful as, and superior to, antipyrin. It has no injurious effect upon the blood
corpuscles. It is promptly absorbed, readily excreted, and reduces the febrile heat
without producing profuse sweating or any unpleasant after-effects. It is a
prophylactic against malaria. In combination with piperarone 15 grs., also use-
ful in gouty affections to relieve pain.

Phenopyrin — Contains phenol and antipyrin in equal parts — an oily liquid with-
out any colour or odour. Sparingly soluble in hot water, insoluble in cold
water, used in fevers.

Phenosalyl. — It is a mixture -ef carbolic, salicylic and benzoic ackls in mole-
cular proportions with menthol and eucalyptol, melted together and dissolved in
lactic acid. A syrupy fluid, soluble in water ( 1 in 25) in alcohol and ether ; used as
aqueous antiseptic 1 -to 2 per cent.-, or as ointment (* to 2 per cent.), with
lanolin or vaseline or as a caustic mixed with glycerin (1 to 1). As an
antiseptic and caustic it is superior to carbolic acid, but less toxic. The
solution, 1 or 2 ms., is given internally for flatulence.

Phenatol —Contain acetanihd, caffeine, and sodium salts as carbonate,
-bicarbonate chloride and sulphate. Dose — 5 to 15 grs. Given in fevers, influenza,
rheumatism, &c.

Phenolid — Contains acetanilid 58 and sodium carbonate 42. Dose— 5 to 1^ grs.

Phosotol — Creosote-Phosphas — Creosote-phosphate — Contains to per cent, of
creosote and 20 per cent, of phosphoric anhydride. A syrupy fluid of a faint
creosote-like odour and taste, soluble in alcohol and glycerin. Uose — £ dr. As
an antitubercular used like the preparations of creosole, namely, guaiacol, creo-
-sole, &c. Given in tuberculosis. Under its use the weight increases, expectora-
tion lessens and the quantity of urine increases and becomes more acid. The
fact that deficient acidity of urine favours the development of the tubercular
bacillus and that hyperacidity in the urine interferes with the development of
specific microbes has led in tuberculosis to .give creosote phosphas as it in-
creases the acidity oi the urine and hence beneficial in preventing development
ot the oacillu^.

Piperidine Guaiacolas —Piperidine Guaiacolate Guaiperol. — A compound
prepared by the action of piperidine on. guaiacol. In granular colourless crystals,
odour slightly creosote-like. Soluble in water (1 in 30), freely so in alcohol. The
solution is decomposed by mineral acids and alkalies. Given in solution. Dose—
to to 3° Srs. -in phthisis. It improves appetite and general strength.

45 ■

354

PIPERAZINE.

Piperazine — Piperazinum — Di-ethylene-diamine — Ethylenimine — Di-Spermine,
Hexa-hydro-pyrazine. — A synthetical representative of the base, obtained from
spermatic fluid in which it exists in combination with phosphoric acid. It is
said to be identical with spermin. Prepared by the interaction of ammonia upon
ethylene chloride and subsequent fractional distillation or by the action of
sodium glycol on ethylenediamine hydrochloride. Colourless, deliquescent
alkaline crystals, of a faint odour and >of a saline taste — soluble in water,
liquefying when exposed to the air from which it absorbs water and carbon
dioxide — non-poisonous and non-caustic. Dose — 4 to 10 grs. well diluted or in
aerated water ; injected hypodermically in 3 to 5 per cent, solution.

Preparation.— Granular effervescent piperazine 5 grs. in 1 dr. Dose — 1 dr.
Granular effervescent piperazine with phenacol 5 grs. in 1 dr. Dose — 1 dr.
Lithia piperazine citrate. Dose — 5 grs. Lithia piperazine bitartrate. Dose— -
5 grs. Lithia piperazine and potash citrate. Dose — 5 grs. Piperazine
salicylate specific in gout and rheumatism. Dose — 5 to to grs.

Actions . — Diuretic, antirheumatic, antilithic and lithon triptic. Piperazine
has great solvent power on uric acid, forming piperazine urate, and hence used in
gout, rheumatism, urinary calculi and uric acid diathesis. In renal or urinary
calculi it may be injected into the bladder in 2 per cent, solution, being quite
unirritating to the mucous membrane ; it dissolves 12 times as much uric acid
as an equal weight of lithium carbonate, and the urate formed is much more
soluble. It passes through the system unchanged, combining only with the uric
acid, and is found in this form in the urine. It does not allow uric acid or water
to deposit from the acid urine. Reputed to have an aphrodisiac effect.

Piperonal. — An aldehyde analogous to piperonilic acid — obtained by the
oxidation of pipel ine. In small white crystals, odour resembling that of vanilla.
Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether. As an antipyretic and
antiseptic it is given in ague and in cases of foul breath, foetid stools, &c., but
it causes nausea, dryness of the throat and leructations. Dose — 10 to 20 grs.

Pixine. — A combination product of ichthyol, tar, turpentine, and Burgundy
pitch with wool tar as its base. The ointment is a safe absorbent and used as an
antiseptic -dressing in syphilitic ulcers, varicose veins, burns, contusions and
wounds. It is non-irritant.

Protargol. — It is a solid organic preparation of silver combined with certain
proteids ; it is neither a simple or a double salt. A fine light yellow powder,
easily soluble in cold or warm water and in glycerin. A 50 per cent, solution
is dark-brown and of the consistence of balsam. It is non-irritant, unlike other
silver compounds as nitrate of silver, argentamine and organine, &c- It is not
decomposed by alkalies, by sulphur, albumen or sodium chloride. It does not
penetrate deeper into the tissues. 2 drs. of it contain 15 grs. of nitrate of silver
or 8 per cent, of metallic silver. Its solution containing 75 grs- of protargol well
triturated in 150 ms. of glycerin and 3 ozs. of water ; is used as a paint also as
1 per cent, solution, or as ointment (1 to 20).

Actions and uses. — A painless bactericide, antigonorrhoeic. Given as an
injection 1 to 2 per cent, in acute gonorrhoea, and 5 to to per cent, in chronic
gonorrhoea. In naso-pharyngeal and laryngeal catarrh and in chronic laryn-
gitis, it is used as an injection or a paint or douche for the nose. The ointment
is used in suppurating ulcers, wounds and burns.

Pyoktanin. — Methyl violet, an aniline dye. A mixture of methyl-para-ros ani-
lines. Pyoktanin blue. Penta and hexa-methyl-para-ros-aniline hydrochloride.

PYRALOXIN.

355

A non-poisonous crystalline violet powder, nearly odourless, diffusible in
animal fluids, soluble in water (i in 75), in alcohol (1 in 12), insoluble in ether,
in glycerin ( 1 in 12). It stains the skin. Another variety— Pyoktanin yellow-
apionine auramine. Amidotetra-methyl-diamido-diphenyl. Both are methane
hydrochlorate. A yellow powder, soluble in water and alcohol. Used as a
wash (1 in 1000). As a dusting powder. As an injection (* in 500), ointment
2 per cent. Blue for surgical and yellow for eye diseases.

Actions and uses. — Bacteria readily absorb aniline dyes and die. Hence
pyoktanin is antiseptic, disinfectant, antigonorrhceal and a local anodyne; as an
antiseptic it is used as a wash or a dusting powder for eye diseases and ulcers
As an injection it is used in obstinate chronic cystitis, in throat and nose
affections, in gonorrhoea, leucorrhcea, ulcers, burns, in cancrum oris, malignant
growths, carcinoma and uterine sarcoma. As an ointment, it is used for ulcer-
ated and diseased surfaces.

Pyraloxin — Oxidized pyrogaliic acid. — Expose pyrogallic acid to the action
of the air and to ammoniacal vapours. Occurs as a deep brown or black powder.
Does not stain the skin. As a parasiticide it is used in psoriasis, eczema, &c.

Pyretine. — It is a mixture of acetanilid, caffeine, sodium carbonate and chalk.
Dose -5 to 15 grs. Given in fevers and diarrhoea.

Pyrantin — Ethoxy-phenyl-succimide. — An antipyretic, sparingly soluble in
water, insoluble in ether.

Pyridina — Pyridine. — A liquid alkaloid, a base obtained by dry destructive
distillation of bones and many other organic substances. A colourless mobile
liquid, of penetrating empyreumatic odour, evaporating when exposed to the
air. Freely miscible with water, alcohol, ether, chloroform and fatty oils,
forming soluble crystalline salts with acids. Chemically related to vegetable
alkaloids as cocaine. It is contained in, and combined with, nicotine in the
fumes of tobacco. Dose — 2 to 10 ms. As an inhalation for asthma, 60 to 80
drops (burnt in a plate placed in a room) ; for urethral injection 3- per cent,
solution ; for paint, 10 per cent, solution.

Actions and t ises. — Antiseptic, antigonorrhceal, expectorant and cardiac
excitant. Used with success in dyspnoea of asthma, whether nervous, amphyse-
snatous or catarrhal. It should not be used if the heart is weak ; believed to be
the active ingredient in various asthmatic cigarettes and powders. It has
also been used as an inhalation in angina pectoris, asthma, cardiac failure,
gonorrhoea, &c.

Pyrodin. — An impure preparation of hydracetin. Heat together pheny-
hydrozone and acetic acid— Colourless shining prisms or wrhite powder or
crystals of a silky lustre, without any odour or taste, soluble in (1 in 50) of cold
water and freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform and hot water. It contains 25
per cent, of hydracetin. Dose— \ to 2 grs. Used as ointment 10 per cent.

Actions and uses. — Antipyretic, analgesic, antiparasitic and antiseptic. Inter-
nally given to reduce fever in tuberculosis. As an analgesic it is useful in
neuralgic and gastric pains, also in relieving night sweats in phthisis. Externally
the ointment is used in psoriasis and other skin diseases.

Pyramidon — Dimethyl amido. Antipyrin. — A derivative of antipyrin obtained
by a substitution process. A yellowish-white powder, soluble in water (1 in 10).
Antipyretic and analgesic, a good substitute for antipyrin. It is slower in
action, but more certain and permanent in its effects. Leaves no unpleasant
after-effects. Dose— 3 to 8 grs.

356

PYROSAL.

Pyrosal. — Salley I Acetate of antipyrin. Contains 50 per cent, of antipyrif?.
A white powder, sparingly soluble in water7 alcohol and ether. As an anti-
pyretic and antineuralgic it is used in articular rheumatism, cystitis, migraine*
sciatica, &c. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Quinalgen — Ortho-ethoxy Ana-mono-benzoil- Amido quinolin. A derivative
of quinolin or chinolin. A coal-tar product, same as analgen, but substituting
acetyl by benzoyl radicle. Properties are similar to those of antipyrin, but
leaving no bad after-effects. Given in gout, influenza, migraine, neuralgia and
rheumatic pains. Dose— 8 to 15 grs.

Quinoral — A compound of quinine and chloral, an only viscid liquid, has
a neutral reaction and very bitter taste -T soluble in aqueous amd spirituous
}iquids. Non-irritant, does not affect the heart. Used as an antiseptic-
Dose — 8 to 15 grs.

Quinoidine. — Chinoidinum. — A mixture of amorphous alkaloids. A biproduct
in preparing salts of cinchona alkaloids. A brownish-black resin-like substance;,
fracture vitreous, insoluble in water, soluble in acid solutions. Taste nauseous.
Used as febrifuge. Dose — i to 5 grs.

Retinol — Rosinal — Resinol — Rosin oik A liquid hydrocarbon, a coal-tar
product obtained from dry distillation of fir resin and Burgundy pitch. A viscid
brownish-yellow liquid, of bitter taste, soluble in alcohol, ether,, oil' of turpentine^
balsams, fatty oils, glycerin, lanolin, &c. It dissolves camphor, naphthol,
carbolic acid, cocaine, iodol, salol, aristol, phosphorus, creosote, &c. Dose— 4
to 8 ms. Used as capsules, emulsion, alcoholic solution or in olive oil and oint-
ment (unguentum resinol) containing 10 to 50 per cent, of pure lanolin and
petroleum as a base.

Actions and uses. — As an antiseptic given alone or mixed withsalol in gonorrhoea,
as an antipruritic and local antiphlogistic it is given as a healing agent in
eczema, erysipelas, seborrhoea, psoriasis, herpes, acne, erythema, &c. As a
local antiseptic it is used on specific sores and lesions. It has also been used with
benefit in cracks and fissures of the nipples, lips, anus, &c., also in inflammation
and erosion of the os and cervix, and catarrh of the nasal passages. In itching
and burning pain of vulvitis, balanitis and pruritus ani, pruritus vulvi, &c.r
resinol is a very harmless and non-irritant agent. It is also used as
an injection in gonorrhoea. An excellent medium (excipient) for the internal
administration of phosphorus.

Resina, B. P.— Resin or Rosin (colophony) — A residue left after distilling off
the volatile oil from turpentine. Occurs in semi-transparent pieces of various
shapes and sizes; hard, light and somewhat sticky. Colour varies from light
yellow amber to light brown or red, surface smooth and shining, very brittle
and easily pulverizable ; odour and taste balsamic or terebinthinate ; soluble
in alcohol, ether, benzole and carbon bisulphide ; also fusible and burning
with a dense yellow flame and produces much smoke.

Constituents.— Anhydride of abietic acid which, when shaken with warms
diluted alcohol, is converted into albeitic and also pinic, sylvic acids. Other
resins are resinse copabse, jalapae, podophylli, &c.

Preparations. — Ceratum resinse — Resin cerate. Basilicon ointment contains)'
resin 35 per cent., yellow' wax 15 and lard 50. Turpentine liniment contains resina
65 per cent. Emplastrum resinae. Resin plaster. — Adhesive plaster contains
resin 14, lead plaster 80, yellow wax 6, Resin is also an ingredient of arnica?
lbel).adonna and capsicum plasters and of cantherides cerate.

RESORBIN

^ f* **

357

Actions and uses— Diaphoretic and stimulant. It is sometimes given in gleet.
Locally used in the preparation of pectoral plasters. Its paste is applied to
buboes and abscesses to promote absorption. Used as a fumigatory for
unhealthy ulcers. Other actions and uses are similar to those of gugula.

Resorbin— An ointment basis — a mixture of almond oil, wax, gelatine, soap and
lanoline. Being rapidly absorbed by the skin, it forms a suitable mediu for
medicaments for skin diseases.

Resorcinum — Resorcin — Resorcinol — Meta-di-oxy-benzol — Oxyphenol,
diatomic phenol, poor man's quinine. A derivative of phenol or benzol
and isomeric with pyrocatechin and hydroquinone. To prepare it, fusegalba-
num, guaiacum, ammoniacum, asafetida and such other resins with caustic
alkali as potash, soda, &c., or fuse benzene with sulphuric acid and water,
neutralize the solution with milk of lime and add sodium carbonate ; another
method— fuse potassium benzol disulphonate with caustic potash, filter, evaporate
to dryness and extract the residue with ether. The impure resorcin is next sub-
limed or re-crystallized. Occurs as colourless, pure white, small, needle-shaped
crystals or prisms, resembling benzoic acid in appearance, becoming reddish oti
exposure to the air or by keeping, without any odour and of a sweetish pungent
taste. Very volatile, of neutral reaction, soluble in water (i in i), in alcohol
(2 in 1), in ether, glycerin and in olive oil (1 in 20). Dose — 5 to 20 grs. As an
antipj^retic 20 to 40 grs. Used as injection (1 in 20), solution 1 to 10 per cent.
Unguentum Resorcini. — Resorcin, oxide of zinc and starch, each 5 parts, vaseline
to parts. Plaster mulls — f of a grain of resorcin to the square inch. Lotio
Resorcini — Resorcin 1, ether 1, castor oil 1, eau-de-cologne 10, alcohol 35.
Pasta Resorcin — Resorcin 20, zinc oxide 20, wheat starch 20, liquid paraffin 40.

Physiological action. — Allied to carbolic acid, but non-irritant and more soluble.
It is antipyretic, deodorizer, antifermentative, antiseptic, anti-emetic, antizy-
motic and antispasmodic. It arrests decomposition and destroys low organisms.
Externally it is a caustic. Applied to the mucous membrane it causes vesica-
tion. As an antipyretic it reduces the temperature, but it rises after a rigour in
2 or 4 hours. Its action is more allied to quinine than to antipyrin. It causes
profuse perspiration almost like pilocarpine, and thus acts as a depressant.
In large doses it causes deafness, dizziness, confused vision, unconsciousness,
chronic convulsions, depressed pulse and even death from paralysis of respiration.

Therapeutics. — As an antipyretic it is given in malarial, puerperal and intermit-
tent fevers. As an antiseptic it is used in diarrhoea of children, in asthma, in
whooping cough and cholera infantum. As a hypnotic it has been used
in cases where chloral, morphia, paraldehyde, piscidin, &c , are contra indicated.
Given in 10 gr. doses it checks nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, in phthisical
patients and in persons subject to sea sickness. Given with benefit in cases of
intense pain of biliary or vesical calculi. It is free from irritation and therefore
used internally and also sub-cutaneously with benefit in gastralagia, dyspepsia,
gastric catarrh, gastric ulcers, fermentative indigestion, & c. It is sometimes
given as an anthelmintic. A 1 per cent, solution is used in surgical dressings
and as a gargle. A 50 per cent, solution is a valuable application as a caustic
to syphilitic sores and other skin diseases and is superior to nitrate of silver.
The ointment is applied in acne. A 10 per cent, solution or a spray (1 in 50)
is used as a solvent for diphtheria, tubercular ulcerations of the larynx, in
rhinitis, &c. A 5 per cent, solution is employed hypodermically in erysipelas ;
a paste of it with- zinc Oxide and glycerin (1 in 10) is used in acne
rosacea of the face, freckles, &c. It is a good remedy in acute tonsillitis and

358

RESORCINOL.

catarrhal irritation of the fauces. In otorrhoea, a powder composed of resor-
cin and boric acid(i to 20) or a 5 per cent, solution of resorcin is used with
good effect. In bubo a 5 per cent, solution injected into the gland is useful.
In orchitis and epididymitis a 5 per cent, solution is locally applied with good
results. In cystitis its injection has a curative power. In condylomata, warty
excrescences on the genitals, under the application of powdered resorcin, the
new growths disappear. Resorcin rectal suppositories are used for internal
haemorrhoids, fistula of the rectum, &c. In endometritis, uterine catarrh and
in ulcers of the cervix, a 50 per cent, solution applied to the affected part arrests
discharges — vaginal, leucorrhoeal or gonorrhoeal.

Resorcinol. — A compound of Resorcin and Iodoform, a red brown powder
sparingly soluble in water, more readily soluble in ether. A substitute for iodo-
form. Used as an antiseptic dressing for wounds.

Saccharinum — Saccharin, Glusidum-Gluside, B.P. Glukusin — Neo-Saccharin
Glusimide ; Benzoyl-ortho-sulphonic Imide ; Acidi Anhydro-ortho-sulphamide-
Benzoique. A sweet imide derivative of toluene, a c^al-tar product from which
it is prepared by a complicated process. A light white amorphous powder of a
very sweet taste and of a faint flavour of bitter almonds ; soluble in cold water
(1 in 400), in boiling water (1 in 24), in alcohol (1 in 25), in ether (1 in 100), in
glycerin (1 in 50), and slightly so in chloroform ; freely soluble in solution of
ammonia and in solution of bicarbonate of sodium with the evolution of carbon
anhydride- Owing to its intense sweetness and its harmlessness it is used for
disguising the taste of nauseous drugs as salicin, cascara, &c. It has 300
times the sweetening power of sugar. The pure product is a crystalline powder,
500 times sweeter than sugar and giving flavour to 70,000 its weight of
water. Dose — \ to 3 grs. With alkaloids and metallic bases it forms sweet
crystalline salts. Cocaine saccharis, shaccarite of cocaine. — A combination of
cocaine and saccharin. Used as an application for the throat.

Soluble Saccharin, — Saccharinum solubffe — Soluble gluside. To obtain it,
neutralize a hot solution of sodium-bicarbonate with gluside and evaporate it
to dryness. 100 parts of gluside yield 113 parts of soluble saccharin, Yellowish-
white granular crystals, soluble in water (1 in 15). Contains 90 per cent, of sac-
charine. Dose — £ to 2 grs. Used as tablets. Tabellae saccharini \ gr. of
saccharine in each. Saxin tablets | gr. saccharin in each. Elixir saccharini,
elixir of saccharin: — Saccharin 24 grs., sodium bicarbonate 12 grs., alcohol idr.,
water 8 drs. 1 dr. contains 3 grs. of saccharin.

Actions and uses.— Antifermentative and antiseptic. It is not a food and has
no injurious action on man. It is eliminated in the urine and saliva without
change. It replaces sugar or carbo hydrates in the food of persons suffering
from hepatic disease, corpulence and diabetes. It is an agent or corrective for
the taste of bitter and nauseous medicinal substances, such as quinine, nux
vomica, cascara, salicin, &c. It is also used in indigestion, gastric catarrh,
where abnormal fermentation and acidity exist — sometimes as an antiseptic it
is given to stop decomposition of urine as in cystitis. In Bright’s disease,,
gouty diathesis and in general obesity it is of great benefit. Where sugar
cannot be tolerated, prescriptions are prepared by saccharin taking the place of
sugar, e.g ., confectio sulphuris glusidata, mistura spiritus vini gallici
glusidata.

Sal Acetol— Acetol salicylate. An artificial glucoside of salicylic acid — a sali-
cylic ester of acetone alcohol. To obtain it, heat together sodium salicylate and

SALACTOL

359

monochlor acetone. In needle-shaped mica-like light shining crystals ; taste
bitter, soluble in alcohol (i in 15), castor oil (1 in 25), and olive oil ( 1 in 30); freely
soluble in caustic alkaline solutions which decompose it and form salicylates.
Used in catchets or suspended in castor oil. As an unirritating, non-toxic,
antirheumatic and antiseptic, it decomposes very quickly in the system, yielding
salicylic acid It is free from the elimination of phenol which constitutes the
danger of salol ; given in choleraic diarrhoea, rheumatism and in pibrid and
fcetid discharges from the urine and bowels. Pose — 10 to 25 grs.

Salactol. — A compound of the sodium salts of salicylic and lactic acids,
dissolved in solution (1 per cent.) of hydrogen peroxide. It is used as a pigment
and gargle for diphtheria. It should not be confounded with sal acetol.

Salicylamide. — The amide of salicylic acid. A combination of acetanilid and
salicylic acid — obtained by the action of concentrated ammonia on oil of gaul-
theria — Small, white, acicular crystals or powder, soluble in water (1 in 200),
readily soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether. Without any taste. Dose — 2 to
6 grs. in cachets. As an analgesic more prompt than salicylic acid, and given
in smaller doses for the relief of rheumatic pains.

Salicinum, B.P. — Salicin— A glucoside obtained from the back of various species
of willow (salixalba) the poplar (populus) and in the flower buds of meadow
sweet. As methyl salicylate it is found in the volatile oil distilled from the
leaves of Gaultheria Procumbens,*from the bark of Betula Lenta (the sweet
berch) or from Andromeda Leshnaultii (Indian plant), &c. Acicular, shining,
silky needles or powder, neutral reaction, without any odour but bitter taste.
The bitterness disappears on addition of liquid extract of liquorice and alcohol.
Soluble in water (t in 28), in 0*7 of boiling water, in boiling alcohol (1 in 2),
in spirit (1 in 60). Insoluble in ether or chloroform. Becomes red by the addi-
tion of sulphuric acid. When ignited, it emits the odour of meadow sweet.
Dose — 5 to 20 grs. in pill with glycerin.

Preparations. — Aqueous solution (1 in 5).

Actions -and uses. — In small doses it is a mild tonic. In large doses anti-
rheumatic. As an antipyretic it is combined with ammonium carbonate and
given in ague and in pyrexia of phthisis. In influenza and other infectious
diseases it is very efficient. Under the influence of the ferments in the body it
splits up in the bowel into saligenin and glucose, saligenin, becoming oxidized
into salicylic acid.

Salicylanilide — Salifebrin. — A mixture containing antifebrin and salicylic
acid in molecular proportions. A white powder of acid reaction. Insoluble in
water, soluble in alcohol. Antirheumatic and antipyretic ; like salipyrin it is
given in articular rheumatism, fever with scanty urine loaded with uric acid.
Dose — 10 to 15 grs.

Saligallol. — A solid resinous body, soluble in acetone and chloroform. Applied
to the skin it forms a firm adhering varnish. It is generally combined with
eugallol to increase its active properties.

Saligenin. — Ortho-oxy-benzilic alcohol— Salicylous alcohol. A decomposition
product of salicin. Synthetically prepared like salicin and salicylic acid from
carbolic acid by heating it with caustic soda and passing carbonic acid gas
through the liquid. A white powder of acid reaction. Used as antiseptic, anti-
rheumatic. Similar to salol and soda salicylate. It is free from the injurious
effects of salicylic acid. Dose— 7 to 15 grs.

SALIPYRIN*

360

Salipyrifl.— Antipyrin salicylate. Salicylate d’ analg^sine. Heat together,
antipyrin 42^3 and salicylic acid 57*7 in molecular proportions. Dissolve
in alcohol and crystallize. White crystalline powder, of a sweetish taste, nearly
insoluble in ether, in cold water (1 in 200), in boiling water (T in 25) and
freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, easily decomposed by acids or alkalies.
Dose — 15 to 30 grs. As an antirheumatic, analgesic and antipyretic, used in
chronic rheumatism, sciatica, influenza and catarrh, also in menorrhagia. It is
superior to antipyrin. Like antipyrin it does not cause profuse perspiration,
loss of strength and weakness of the heart. It is superior to salicylate of
soda, as it does not produce nausea nor gastric disturbance.

Salitannol. — A condensation product of salicylic and gallic acids. A white
amorphous powder, insoluble in water, ether, chloroform, or benzene : sparingly
soluble in alcohol, freely soluble in alkaline solutions. Used as antiseptic like
salicylic and astringent like tannic acid. Used as a dusting powder on sores,
abrasions and wounds.

Salocoll— Phenocoll Salicylate — Phenocollum Salitylicum. — White silky crys^-
tals, of a sweet taste, soluble in hot water, less soluble in cold water than
phenocoll hydrochloride. As an antipyretic and antineuralgic it combines
the action of salicylic acid with that of phenocoll. Does not cause any gastric
disturbance. Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Salol, B.P. — Salolum. Phenyl salicylate — Phenyl ether of salicylic acid. — It
is composed of phenol or carbolic acid and salicylic acid. Treat sodium
phenolate and sodium salicylate with phosphorus oxychloride; dissolve in
alcohol and crystallize ; or heat salicylic acid in a closed vessel. The acid is
converted into salol, water, and carbonic acid.

A white crystalline powder of a faint aromatic odour, like that of winter
green, and without any taste — soluble in chloroform, fixed and volatile oils, ill
alcohol (1 in 10), a trace in glycerin, in ether (2 in 1), and nearly insoluble in
water. Warmed with an alkali it separates into salicylic acid 6b and carbolic
acid 40. Dose— 5 to 15 grs. in cachets or suspended in milk.

Preparations — Collodium salol. Salol collodion contains salol 4, ether 4, and
collodion 30, a good application for acute rheumatism. Salol cum camphora —
salol 3, camphor 2. Anon-irritating viscid liquid, insoluble in water; as an
antiseptic like naphthol camphor or iodoform it is used in suppuration of the
middle ear. Salol gauze — to per cent, of salol impregnated by means of
turpentine and alcohol. Salol pill varnish, salol coating for pills, contains salol 2,
shellac 3, absolute alcohol 3 and ether 3 ; or salol 4, tannin j, and ether 20.
The coating is insoluble in the gastric juice, but soluble in the alkaline fluid of
the intestines. Unguentum salol cum cocainas— Salol 2, cocaine hydrochloride 1,
petroleum cerate 16. For burns.

Unguentum salol cum cocainas — Salol 2, cocaine hydrochlorate 1, ceratuni
petrolei 16, used in burns.

Actions. — Antiseptic, antipyretic and anti-rheumatic, antigonorrhoeal and anal-
gesic. It is slowly excreted. It should not be given in very large doses, and should
be accompanied by sodium sulphate. Taken into the stomach it passes unchanged
till it reaches the duodenum or other parts of digestive tract where it splits up
into phenol and salicylic acid. If taken for a long time, the urine becomes
greenish and dark-coloured. Used with advantage in place of sodium salicylate.

sAlophen

361

(■ ' " * • - ■

tt is used to remove excess of uric acid from the urine and is chiefly given in acute
rheumatism, myalgia, lumbago, sciatica, headache and other neuralgic affec-
tions. In locomotor ataxia, in vomiting due to irritable stomach, salol is now
extensively employed. As an antiseptic dusting powder like iodoform, it is used
for excoriated surfaces and foetid wounds. With bismuth it is largely used in
diarrhoea and dysentery. It renders the urine aseptic. Combined with balsams
as copaiba and sandal-wood oil it is given in gonorrhoea and vesical catarrh.
For its germicidal action it is used as an intestinal disinfectant in cholera.
As an antipyretic like salicylate of sodium it lowers the temperature, and is
given in fevers and in pharyngitis, tonsillitis and sore throat. It is contra-
indicated in acute and chronic renal diseases. Externally as an insufflator,
its solution dissolved in alcohol, turpentine or cotton-seed oil or mixed with fats
or vaseline is used in ozaena, otorrhoea, foetid wounds, chancres, & c.

Salophen — Acetyl para-amido-salol — Acetyl-para-amido-phenyl-salicylic ester
— Para-amido-phenol salicylate. — Prepared by reducing para-nitro-phenol sali-
cylate (prepared by the interaction of salicylic acid and para-nitro-phenol),
whereby amido-phenol salicylate is formed and by further acting upon it by
acetic acid. Small white scales without odour or taste, decomposed by alkalies
into salicylic acid and acetyl-para-amido-phenol. Soluble in alcohol, ether and
alkalies, almost insoluble in water. Contains 51 per cent, of salicylic acid ; in
cachets. Dose — 10 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Intestinal antiseptic and analgesic, non-toxic in its action
upon the organism. A good substitute for sodium salicylate or salol. It
replaces salol. Its action is quick and sure. Given in influenza, headache,
migraine, pleurodynia, pyelitis, cystitis and sciatica. It is used with great
success in chorea, acute articular rheumatism, typhoid fever and cholera. In
these cases its action is just like that of salol, but much safer. As an
antipyretic it is sometimes used in gallopping phthisis. As an intestinal
antiseptic it is unaffected by gastric juice, but decomposed by pancreatic
ferment : hence used in diarrhoea and cholera.

Saloquinine — Quinine Ester of Saliylic Acid. — An odourless and tasteles
powder, without any ill-effects of quinine on digestion. Given in neuralgia,
neurosis and typhoid fever. Rheumatine is the salicylate of saloquinine ; used
as antirheumatic and antipyretic, chiefly in acute rheumatism.

Salosantal.— A combination of salol with sandalwood oil, to which peppermint
oil is added to cover the taste. It contains 33 per cent, of salol. As an antibac-
terial, sedative and disinfectant it is given in all diseases of the urethra and
of the bladder, as urethritis, cystitis, epididymitis, &c. Dose — 10 to 20 drops.

Saluminum — Salumin — Insoluble Salumin — Aluminium Salicylate. — A fine red-
dish crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water. Used as a dusting powder
or as solution in glycerin. As a soothing, antiseptic, astringent and stimulant
of the mucous membrane, it is used in inflammation of the mouth, throat and nose.

Saluminum Solubilis. — Soluble Salumin— Aluminium Salicylicum Ammo-
niatum. — A compound containing salumin and ammonia. A yellowish-white
powder, easily soluble in water (1 in 9), of neutral reaction. As a dusting
powder or solution in glycerin it stimulates the mucous membrane very
powerfully, and is used in nose and throat affections.

Sanitas— Disinfecting fluid. — An aqueous solution, resulting from the action of
water upon turpentine oxidized by exposure to the air. It contains as its active
principles peroxide of hydrogen, thymol and different varieties of soluble camphor
and camphoric acid. A clear, colourless solution, of a fragrant odour.

46

362

SANITAS OIL.

Sanitas Oil — Is an air-oxidized turpentine, but the oxidation is conducted iri
the presence of water. A yellowish-red oleaginous fluid, having an aromatic
camphoraceous odour, perfectly miscible with petroleum bases, oils, fats and
waxes and contains an organic peroxide which gives it an oxidizing strength
equal to that of a io volume of solution of hydrogen peroxide. Used as emulsion
mixed with acacia, oils, fats and petroleum bases. As a disinfectant (i in 50)
of water.

Actions and uses . — Sanitas oil has high oxidising power, and is a most powerful
antiseptic, disinfectant and germicide. As an antiseptic it is equal to carbolic
acid, thymol and iodoform; it is neither poisonous, caustic, nor irritating, nor does
it produce any stain on delicate fabric. As a marked haemostatic it is used in
wounds, ulcers with purulenpdischarges. As a deodorant and disinfectant mixed
with sawdust or diluted with alcohol, it is sprinkled or sprayed in a room, and it
purifies the air of sick rooms. As a germicide it destroys the skin parasites as
scab, lice, fleas, maggots. In cancers it destroys the foetor and relieves pain.
As a fumigator and vaporizer it is used in affections of the lungs and throat.
The thick, tenacious expectoration of chronic bronchitis is lessened by it ; as an
inhalation it is used in diphtheria, laryngeal and pulmonary phthisis and in asthma,
and is equal in efficacy to oil of Pinus Sylvestris and of Eucalyptus Globulus.
In whooping cough, an embrocation of sanitas oil with oil of cloves 1 to 5
is rubbed over the chest and spine with great relief.

Sanmetto is a mixture containing santal oil, saw palmetto combined with
aromatics. Dose — 1 dr. A tonic for the reproductive system, it is given in
irritability of the bladder, urethral diseases, ovarian pains, gonorrhoea, enuresis*
cystitis and in wasting of the testes due to masturbation or in sexual impotency.

Sanoform — Methyl-di-iodo-salicylate. — Obtained by the action of iodine on
gaultheria oil. Non-toxic, non-irritant, white needles, without any odour or tastej
decomposed by keeping or exposure to the air. It is not decomposed by heat.
Soluble in hot alcohol, ether, vaseline and collodion ; used as an ointment (10 per
cent.) or solution (1 per cent.) in collodion. As an antiseptic it is a good sub-
stitute for iodoform. As a desiccant it is used in the treatment of wounds and
ulcers on the genitals.

Saprol — Disinfection oil. — Composed of crude cresols combined with liquid
hydrocarbons obtained from the refining of petroleum. A dark-brown, oily
mixture, highly inflammable and floating on water as an oily film. It floats on
water, and yet it gives up the soluble constituents as disinfectants to the
offending fluid, leaving the remainder as an oily film on the surface to prevent
the escape of disagreeable odours and the spread of infecting spores. A very
.useful disinfectant in schools, public places, sewers, &c. Sewage thus treated
still retains its value as a manure. 1 per cent, of it sterilizes urine, foeces, &c.,
impregnated with micro-organisms as the bacilli of cholera, typhoid fever, &c.

Liquor Sedans — Contains viburnum prunifolium 2, hydrastis canadensis 2,
spiscidia erythrina 1, and aromatics. Dose — J fid. dr. Used in capsules. As an
utero-ovarian sedative and anodyne it is given in dysmenorrhoea, ovarian
irritability and other uterine and ovarian irregularities.

Sedatin — Para-valeryl-amido-phanetol. — Obtained by the interaction of para-
.amido-phenatol on valeryl chloride or valerianic acid. Occurs in crystals or
needles, slightly soluble in acetone, ether, chloroform. Used as a sedative and
anti-neuralgic. Given in hysteria and rheumatism. Dose— 1 to 5 grs.

SENG.

36j

Seng. — An active principle of the root of Panax or Chin Seng. It promotes,
secretions of the entire alimentary canal, stimulates the glands and increases
the activity of the absorbents.

Sidonal. — An hippuric acid forming compound. A combination of quinic
acid 81 per cent, and piperazine 18 per cent. A white powder soluble in water.
Used as an antilithic and uric acid solvent in gout, rheumatism and in uric,
acid diathesis. Dose — 30 to 90 grs. Other hippuric acid-forming compounds
are chinatropine, quinic acid, benzoate of soda and cinnamate of soda.

Sodii Cresotas — Sodium cresotate. — A white micro-crystalline powder, slightly
soluble in water, less powerful than sodium salicylate. An intestinal antiseptic,
and antipyretic, given in rheumatism, pneumonia ; also useful in gastro-
intestinal catarrh in children. Dose — 2 to 10 grs.

Sodii Ethylas. — Sodium ethylate. — Dissolve metallic sodium in ethylic alcohol
and crystallize. A deliquescent caustic salt, a white or brownish powder.

Preparations. — Liquor sodii ethylatis, B. P., solution of sodium ethylate (1 to 8
of alcohol). A colourless syrupy liquid, becoming brown by keeping. A very
useful escharotic, causing little or no pain, should be applied with a glass rod
only. Used for vascular growths, such as naevi, warts, lupus, &c.

Sodii Paracresotas — Paracresotate of sodium, cresotinate of sodium, A sodium
salt of cresotic acid, homologue of salicylic acid obtained from cresol. A
crystalline powder soluble in warm water (1 in 24). Taste bitter. Dose— £ to
1 gr. in children, 5 to 15 grs. in adults. Used as solution.

Actions and uses. — Antipyretic, intestinal antiseptic, analgesic, antirheumatic ;
similar to sodium salicylate. A very safe and reliable antipyretic, given in fevers,
especially for children. As a sedative it is given in acute gastro-intestinal
catarrh, in acute rheumatism, pneumonia and typhoid fever.

Sodium Tetraborate. — A new preparation obtained by heating together equal
parts of boric acid, borax and water. It has a neutral reaction, a more
soluble form of boric acid. It forms hard crusts upon dressings which irritate
abraded surfaces.

Solphinol. — A mixture of borax, boracic acid and sulphurous alkalies. A white
crystalline powder. Soluble in water (1 in 10), in glycerin (1 in 20). The solu-
tion, 2\ to 10 per cent., is used as a disinfectant.

Solutol and Solved — German specialities, containing cresols combined with
sodium. Used as solution | per cent. As surgical antiseptic and disinfectant.

Somnal — Ethylated chloral urethane. A complex body. An alcoholic solution
of ural or a compound of chloral, alcohol and urethane, differing chemically from
chloral urethane. A colourless liquid, on evaporation depositing needle-shaped
crystals, highly deliquescent and of a bitter taste. Like chloroform it readily
forms globules in water ; soluble in alcohol (3 in 1), sparingly soluble in hot
water, insoluble in water. Dose — 13 to 30 ms.

Actions. — A safe and reliable hypnotic and sedative. It produces no gastrio
disturbance and induces a quiet sleep in half an hour, lasting for 6 or 8 hours.
It acts better where insomnia is dependent on cerebral depression than cerebral
excitement. It causes no depression of the circulation or respiration. As a
sedative it is given in whooping cough, asthma, spasmodic laryngitis, chorea
with decided benefit. It should not be given in acute cases or where the.
stomach is disordered.

364

SONATOGEN.

Sonatogen. — A compound of lactalbumen 95 per cent, with glycero-
phosphoric acid 5 per cent. It is a product of decomposition of nerve tissues.
It has a special influence on the nervous system. It strengthens and nourishes
the nerves, revives the relaxed organism, and produces high nutritive effect.
Given in nervous debility, neurasthenia and anaemia. As a galactagogue it
increases the quantity of milk with great success. Dose — 1 to 2 drs. with cocoa,
milk, soup, &c.

Sozal. — An aluminium salt of paraphenol sulphonic acid. Pale, reddish-
brown mass or a fine white powder. Taste strongly astringent ; soluble in
water, alcohol and glycerin. Used as antiseptic lotion in 3 per cent,
solution. Properties are similar to those of carbolic acid. Dose — 3 to
8 grs.

Sozoiodol. — Sozoiodolic acid — Di-iodo-paraphenol-sulphonic acid. — Heat to-
gether phenol and sulphuric acid; paraphenol-sulphonic acid is formed ; treat
with iodine. It is a combination of three powerful antiseptics — iodine 54 per
cent., carbolic acid 20 per cent, and sulphur 7 per cent. Needle-shaped crystals,
insoluble in alcohol and water; with potassium, sodium, ammonium, mercury,
zinc, lithium and lead it forms soluble salts which are odourless substitutes
for iodoform.

Sodium Sozoidol— Sodium Di-iodophenol-sulphonate. — A combination of
sozoidal and soda, in shining colourless crystals, soluble in glycerin (1 in 20),
in water (1 in 14), changes to light brown on exposure to the air. Used as
ointment 10 per cent, with lard, solution 2 per cent, in water. Dose — 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Intestinal antiseptic, astringent and anti-gonorrhoeal ; given
internally in enlarged scrofulous or cervical glands and in diabetes. Externally
a dusting powder it is used in nasal catarrh, wounds, ulcers; as an injection
; to 50) in gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, ozoena and laryngitis. 3 grs. blown into
/*ach nostril in whooping cough is very useful. It is also applied in tuberculous,
scrofulous and syphilitic ulcers.

Spirone. — A mixture containing acetone 50, potassium iodide 2, glycerine 24,
water to 100. As a local anaesthetic, soporific and rubefacient it is used in
gout and rheumatism, and as a spray or inhalation used in spasmodic sneezing
and asthma.

Stypticin — Cotarnine Hydrochloride. — Obtained from narcotine through the
action of oxidizing agents. Yellow crystals or amorphous powder, soluble in
water, yielding a straw-coloured solution which darkens on keeping. It is close-
ly allied to hydrastine. Dose — \ to \ gr. Used as solution 10 per cent, for
hypodermic injection and gauze or wadding.

Actions and uses. — Haemostatic to check external and internal haemor-
rhages, analgesic and sedative. It is equal or superior to hydrastis, ergot,
&c. As a uterine specific it relieves pain and haemorrhage, and is given
in menorrhagia or haemorrhage during pregnancy. In threatened abortion
when pains are present, in sub-involution due to para or perimetritis, in climac-
teric disorders and haemoptysis it is given with benefit. Wadding and gauze
are used in parenchymatous haemorrhage and in bleeding of dental extraction.

Styrocole — Guaiacol Cinnamas — Guaiacol Cinnamate — Cinnamyl Guaiacol.
Obtained by the interaction of guaiacol and cinnamyl chloride. White needle-
shaped crystals insoluble in water. As a demulcent used in urinary affections,
as gonorrhoea, gleet, vesical catarrh, &c. Dose — 2 to 10 grs.

SUBLAMIN.

365

Llthii Guaiacas — Guaiacate of Lithium — Lithium Guaiacate. — Digest guaiacum
resin in lithia solution. Decant. Evaporate. It contains lithia 1, guaiacum
resin 3. Given in chronic gout and rheumatism. Dose — 3 to 5 grs.

Sublamin. — A chemical combination containing sulphate of mercury and
ethylene diamine. As a non-irritant disinfectant it is used in skin affections.
It has a great penetrative power owing to the presence of ethylene diamine*
Does not coagulate albuminous substances of the skin like other metallic agents.

Sucrol — Dulcin — Para-phenetol carbamide. — An urea derivative of phene-
tidin. Treat paraphenetidin with carbonyl chloride and heat the resulting product
with urea. Shining, white, needle-shaped crystals, 200 times sweeter than
sjugar, soluble in hot water (1 in 150) and cold water (1 in 800) and in alcohol
0 in 25), also in ether. It is used in diabetes. Dose — 5 to 2 grs.

Sugarine— Zuckarine— Methyl-benzyl sulphimid. — Heat tolyl cyansulphamid
with potash solution, add sulphuric acid when cool, and crystallize the precipitate
from dimethyl-benzene. It is 500 times sweeter than cane sugar.

Sulph-aldehyde— Thialdehyde, containing sulphur in place of oxygen. Ob*
tained by the action of sulphuretted hydrogen upon ethyl ic aldehyde. An oily
liquid of a disagreeable odour, slightly soluble in water. Treated with an acid»
solid polymers similar to paraldehyde are formed. As a hypnotic it is nearly
3 times as strong as paraldehyde. Dose — 3 to 5 grs.

Sulphaminol — Thio-oxy-di-phenyl amine. — A compound containing sulphur,
caustic soda and phenol ; a pale yellow powder without any odour or taste ; in-
soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, glacial acetic and alkalies. In contact with
the fluids of the body it decomposes into sulphur and phenol. It is non-
toxic and antiseptic, and a fine substitute for iodoform.

Sulpho-calcine — Contains pure oxide of calcium, flowers of sulphur, benzo-
boracic acid, oleum eucalyptus, oleum gaultheria, and extractum pancreaticus.
ft is entirely non-poisonous, astringent, disinfectant and a powerful solvent. As
a gargle or spray or as a swab with camel’s hairbrush it is used with per-
chloride of mercury in dissolving the membrane in diphtheria.

Sulphonal, B.P. — Di-methyl methane-di-ethyl-sulphone. — An oxidation pro-
duct artificially prepared. Pass a stream of dry hydrochloric acid gas into a
mixture of anhydrous ethyl hydrosulphide 2 (mercaptan), and anhydrous acetone
1, wash and oxidize the resulting mercaptol (dithio-ethyl-dimethyl methane) with
potassium permanganate. White, colourless, prismatic crystals, without any
odour or taste, soluble in cold water (1 to 450), in boiling water (1 to 15), in cold
alcohol (1 in 50), in boiling alcohol (1 in 2), in ether (1 in 130), and in
choloroform (i in 3). It is unaffected by acids, alkalies or by oxidizing agents.
Dose — 10 to 30 grs., best administered in hot water. Used as powder or lozen-
ges 8 grs. in each.

Comparative utility of sulphonal, paraldehyde and chloralamide — Chloral
amide. — No bad after-effects : sleep produced in 15 to 20 minutes. Paraldehyde
causes vomiting; sleep in 5 to 15 minutes. Sulphonal causes giddiness, feeling
of depression ; drowsiness and sleep within ^ to 2 hours.

Actions and uses. — Hypnotic, sedative and antispasmodic. In large and
repeated doses it is cumulative and toxic. Under free purgation and free
micturition, the grave symptoms generally disappear. In poisonous doses it
gives rise to headache, vertigo, noises in the ear, and incapacity for both bodily
and mental work ; gastro-intestinal disturbance, as vomiting and diarrhoea ;

366

TANNAL.

nervous disturbances as ataxia, ptosis, feeble limbs and often albuminuria. Iim
medicinal doses, like chloral it slows the respiration, but does not affect the
heart ; it leaves no bad after-effects, gives tranquil sleep without any narcotic
action. It is used in nervous insomnia and especially that due to febrile affection,
phthisis and Bright’s disease ; also in delirium tremens, intercostal neuralgia,;
epilepsy and mania. Being not readily soluble, it takes long to produce its
effects. It is also used in diabetes. It is contra-indicated when there is
tendency to vomiting or diarrhoea. It has no action in sleeplessness due to pain.

Tannal — Aluminii Tannico Tartras. — A double salt of aluminium with tan-
nic acid and tartaric acid. A yellowish-white powder, soluble in water (i in 2).
Used as an astringent. Chiefly given in diarrhoea in children. Dose — 1 to 2 grs.

Tannalbin. — A compound of tannin with albumen. A tasteless pale-brown
powder containing 50 per cent, of tannin.

Actions and uses. — Intestinal disinfectant, only affected by the intestinal secre-
tions. It has no action on the stomach. Given in diarrhoea. Dose— 8 to 15 grs.

Tannigen — Di-acetyl-tannin — Acetic acid ester of tannin. Prepared by the
action of glacial acetic acid on tannic acid. In this preparation two atoms of
hydrogen of tannic acid are replaced by two atoms of acetyl. A light gray*
slightly hygroscopic powder, without any odour and of a chalky astringent
taste ; soluble in alcohol, in dilute alkaline fluids and in alkaline phosphates and
carbonates. Insoluble in cold water and in dilute acids. Dose— 3 to 8 grs., in
cachets.

Actions and rises. — An intestinal astringent given in acute and chronic diar-
rhoea, in enteritis in children, and in colic and dysentery. It passes unchanged
through the stomach and is decomposed only on reaching alkaline secretion of
the intestines. It has been tried with some success in cholera and appears in
the urine as gallic acid.

Tannocal — A whitish powder insoluble in gastric juice, but soluble in the
intestinal secretions. As an intestinal astringent it is given in acute and
chronic enteritis, especially in children. Dose — 15 to 30 grs.

Tannoform — Tanninformaldehyde — A combination of tannin with formic
aldehyde. A pale or reddish-white powder without any taste, soluble in
alkaline liquids, insoluble in water. It contains tannin 50 per cent. Used
as dusting powder or ointment. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Local, unirritating, intestinal antiseptic and deodorant.
The dusting powder with talc is rubbed in hyperidrosis and in night sweats of
phthisis. It reduces excessive secretions as in ozoena, eczema, intertrigo,,
erythema, pruritis, piles and excoriations. Internally it is very useful in catarrh,
of the small intestines and of the rectum, in infantile cholera and in tuber-
culous diarrhoea.

Tannone — Tannapin, hexamethylene tetramine tannin. A condensation pro-
duct of tannic acid and urotropin ; contains 87 per cent, of tannin and.
13 per cent, of urotropin. A light-brown, hygroscopic substance, insoluble in*
water, alcohol and ether, soluble in dilute alkalies. Dose — 1 gr.

• Actions and uses. — Intestinal astringent. In the intestines it splits up into-
tannin and urotropin# Tannin combines with albuminoids and forms albumin-
ates which constringe the connective and muscular tissues and diminishes
secretions, and urotropin acts as a disinfectant. Like tannigen it is given in-
acute intestinal catarrh in children, also in chronic enteritis, and as a disinfect-
ant in diseases of the bladder.

TENAX.

367

*Tenax.— A fine carded oakum prepared from wood and coal-tar ; sed for
Surgical dressings. Used as an absorbent and antiseptic dressing for wounds.

Terebenum* B.P.—Terebene.— A mixture of dipentene and other hydrocar-
'feons. Obtained by the action of sulphuric acid on oil of turpentine. A colour-
less liquid, of an agreeable odour of pine wood. Not miscible with water ; it
forms an emulsion with tragacanth and water. Used as capsules* A powerful
antiseptic, disinfectant and deodorizer. The vapour is a sedative and
antiseptic ; used as an inhalation in phthisis, also in intestinal infection and in
dysentery. Dose — 5 to 15 ms.

Terpinum Hydratum — Terpene-Hydrate — Terpine — Hydrate of oil of tur-
pentine. A derivative of oil of turpentine. In prismatic crystals resembling
those of chloral hydrate ; soluble in water (1 in 200), in alcohol (1 in io)* in oils
(1 in ’6). Dose — 2 to 6 grs. Used in pills, cachets, &c.

Atti&ns and uses. — Pulmonary sedative, diuretic and haemostatic Given in
bronchitis it assists expectoration ; also given in catarrhal affections. As an
haemostatic it checks bleeding from lungs. In whooping cough large doses
check the attacks.

TerpinoU-Obtained by the action of dilute sulphuric add on terpene. An
agreeable aromatic liquid. Given in catarrhal affections.

Tetron&l. — Di-ethyl-methane-di-ethyl sulphone. — Colourless, odourless, shining
scaly crystals, soluble in alcohol (1 in 15), in ether and hot water, and in
cold water (1 in 450). Used as hypnotic without any secondary bad effects.
Its action is similar to that of sulphonal, but doubly powerful and similar td
trional. It produces gastric disturbance and vomiting ; not so with trional.
In small doses it prevents the night sweats of phthisis. Should be avoided in
cases of insomnia accompanied by pain.

Thallinafc sulphas — Thalline sulphate — Thalline — Tetra hydropara-chin ani-
sol sulphate. Tetra-hydro-para-methyl-oxy-chinoline. A sulphate of a
synthetically prepared base from chinoline. To obtain it, heat together a
mixture of para amido anisol, para nitro anisol glycerin, and sulphuric acid.
Yellowish-white granular crystals. It has anise-like odour and aromatic bitter*
taste ; soluble in alcohol (1 in 100); in water (1 in 7) ; sparingly so in ether and
chloroform. Darkens by exposure to light. Used as injection (1 in 60) or 1 to
2 per cent. Bougies 5 per cent, with gelatine. Antrophores or spring bougies
5 per cent. Dose— 3 to 5 grs.

Actions and uses. — Antiseptic. Like kairin it destroys or lessens haemoglobin
of the blood ; as an antiseptic injection or as bougies it is used in gonorrhoea.

Thalline Periodiduril — Thalline Per-iodosulphate — Per-iodo-tetra hydropara-
methyl oxy-chinoline. Bluish granular powder. Insoluble in water. Used as an
antiseptic mixed with pilocarpine or musk in the treatment of cancer of the
uterus or rectum. Dose — 2 to 5 grs.

Thermodin — Acetyl-para ethoxy phenyl urethane. Allied to neurodin. Colour-
less crystals without any odour, slightly soluble in water. Antipyretic and
analgesic. The temperature falls within one hour. Given in typhoid fever, pneu-
monia, influenza and tuberculosis. Dose — as antipyretic, 5 to 10 grs. ; as
analgesic, 15 to 20 grs.

Thialion — A salt of lithia in combination with a laxative salt. It is a granular
s&lt,non-hygroscopic, of a white colour and a faint acid reaction. Readily diffusible.
The taste is slightly bitter. Sparingly soluble in cold water and freely so in hot

«’t . . *<« t \ . i V

THIOCAMP

068

1- ' ... - - ■“<

water. As a sialagogue and nervine tonic it stimulates the mucous mertibtrati&
offthe stomach. It neutralizes the acid gastric juice and increases its secretion.
It also stimulates the liver and increases the flow of bile ; hence of great value
in hepatic congestion. As a solvent of eholesterine and bile salts its use has
been recommended in gallstones and as a prophylactic to stop the formation
of biliary calculi. It stimulates the intestinal mucous membrane^ increases its'
secretions, and as a hydrogogue it produces free catharsis. As a Stimulant
of the genito-urinary tract it acts on the kidneys as a powerful diuretic. It
stimulates the renal excretory functions and by its hydragegue properties it’
tenders the urine alkaline and non-irritating, and thus relieves the irritation
and inflammation of the genito-urinary tract. As a solvent in uric acidt
diathesis it combines with uric acid in the urine and forms a soluble salt
of Urate of lithium ; hence useful in softening and disintegrating uric acid1
calculi when present. It dissolves oxalate of calcium crystals. Chiefly
recommended in rheumatism, gout and the uric acid diathesis.* As a hepatic
stimulant when administered along with quinine it intensifies the action of
quinine.

Thiocamp. — A patent liquid preparation, formed by the action of sulphur
dioxide or sulphurous acid gas in excess on camphor. A watery fluid con-
tains 60 times its volume of sulphurous acid gas. It is soluble in alcohol ; on
exposure to air it evolves sulphurous acid gas. One ounce to a point of water
forms a disinfectant for drains.

Thiocol — Potassium guaiacol sulphonate. — It is non-toxic# It contains 60 per’
cent, of guaiacol. Occurs in white crystals. Taste bitter, absolutely inodourous^
readily soluble in water. Dose — i to 2 grs.

Actions and uses. — Non-irritant stimulant of the mucous membrane. A useful
substitute for pure guaiacol, valuable in night sweats of phthisis, in cystitis
and in inflammation of the respiratory tract, and given in tuberculosis*
chronic bronchitis and intestinal catarrh.

Thioform — Basie-dithio-salicylate of bismuth. — A yellowish-grey powder,
without any odour. Insoluble in the usual solvents. Contains 75 per cent, of
oxide of bismuth. Used as an antiseptic dusting powder in diseases of the ear,’
nose and throat and in dentistry and ophthalmic practice.

Thiol or German Ichthyol. — An artificial ichthyol, prepared from gas oil and!
sulphur. Exists as thiolum siccum and thiolum liquidatum. The dry form
occurs in black scales or powder of bituminous odour and astringent taste ; solu-
ble in water, chloroform, insoluble in ether and benzin, sparingly soluble in
alcohol. The liquid form is syrupy and contains 40 per cent, of the dry powder.
It is soluble in water, alcohol and ether from which it is precipitated by acids#
Dose — Dry thyol 2 to 6 grs., of the liquid 5 to 10 ms. Used internally as pills.
Ointment of liquid thyol (1 in 8) of lard. Dusting powder — Dry thyol I, starch
1, oxide of lime and talc 16. Collodion, solution, soap and plaster.

Actions and uses. — Local stimulant and soothing emollient. It causes no pain,
burning or irritation. The dusting powder is Used for acne, eczema, intertrigo,
erysipelas, pemphigus, burns, contusions, and ulceration of the cervix. Inter-
nally it is given in neuralgia, catarrh and rheumatism. It promotes rapid
absorption of effusions as in pelvic exudation and endometritis.

Thiophene Di-iodidi — Di-iodo-thiophene.-— A compound closely allied to
pyrrol. Obtained by the action of iodine on thiophene in the presence of mer-,
curie oxide. A colourless oily liquid or volatile crystals. Insoluble in water.

THIORESORCIN. 369

soluble in hot alcohol* ether and chloroform ; contains 75 per cent, of iodine and
9 per cent, sulphur. As an antiseptic it is a good substitute for iodoform.

Thioresorcin. — Treat resorcin with sulphur in the presence of an alkaline
solution. A yellowish-grey amorphous or semi-crystalline powder, without any
odour; insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ether and alcohol. Used as a
dusting powder or ointment 20 per cent. Non-toxic. It is a good substitute for
iodoform. Used locally in the form of an ointment with lanolin or paraffin.
Di-iodothioresorcin. — A brown powder ; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol.
Used like thioresorcin.

Thiosinamin— Rhodallin — Ally 1 sulpho-carbamide — Allyl-thio-urea. — Obtained
by the interaction of ammonia and volatile oil of mustard (sulphocyanide of
allyl). Colourless crystals of a faint garlic odour and of a bitter taste. Soluble
in alcohol, ether, and water. Dose — 1 to 5 grs. Used as solution 15 per cent, in
glycerin hypodermically.

Actions and uses. — Emollient, discutient and antiseptic, equivalent to potas-
sium iodide. Used hypodermically for leucoderma, lupus, uterine tumours, en-
larged tumours or glands, hypertrophic scars, cicatricial keloids, &c. It also
softens scabs. In deafness due to catarrh of the middle ear it is very useful.

Thymacetin. — Derived from thymol in the same way that phenacetin is de-
rived from phenol. A white crystalline powder, used like phenacetin in neuralgia,
headache, &c. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.

Thymoform.— A condensation product of thymol and formaldehyde. A fine
powder, of yellow colour, without taste and of a faint odour. It dissolves readily
in ether, chloroform and olive oil ; insoluble in water. A good substitute for
iodoform and dermatol.

t

Tolypyrin — Para-tolyl-dimethyl-pyrazolone — A compound of antipyrin, in
which one atom of hydrogen of the phenyl group is replaced by one atom of
methyl. Colourless crystals of a bitter taste. Soluble in water (1 in 10), freely
soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether. As an antipyretic, antirheumatic and
antineuralgic it is given in fevers, rheumatism and neuralgia. As an analgesic it
relieves hemicrania. Dose — 5 to 20 grs.

Tolysal — Tolypyrin-salicylate — Para-tolyl-dimethyl-pyrazolone salicylate. —
A compound of tolypyrin and salicylic acid. Small colourless crystals, sparingly
soluble in water, insoluble in ether, readily soluble in alcohol and acetic ether.
Antineuralgic and antipyretic. Similar in properties to tolypyrin. No subse-
quent bad effects. Given in articular rheumatism, neuralgia, &c. Dose - 5
to 20 grs.

Trichlorphenol — Trichlorphenic acid — Acidum trichlorphenicum. — A deriva-
tive of phenol, prepared by the action of carbolic acid on chlorinated lime. White
volatile crystals, of a tarry odour and pungent taste ; insoluble in water, soluble
in alcohol, glycerin ether, fixed and volatile oils. As a disinfectant 25 times
stronger than carbolic acid.

Chlorphenol. — A mixture of a monochlorphenol with euginol, menthol and
alcohol. Used as inhalation in phthisis.

Trikesol. — A German speciality. A purified mixture of the three cresols. A
clear colourless oily liquid, soluble in water (.1 in 40). Used as a solution (1 to
2 per cent.). As a germicide thrice as powerful as carbolic acid.

Trimethylamina — Trimethylamine — Secalin. — It is isomeric with propylamine ;
prepared by the action of lime or caustic alkali on herring brine or stale fish.
Formerly it was prepared by the action of caustic alkali on ergot and hence

4“

37°

TRIMETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDUM

the name secalin. Trimethylamine may also be obtained from arnica flowers
and also from hops, codeine, codliver oil, decomposing albuminous substances
as urine, herring-pickle, and the residue in the preparation of sugar from beet
root. It contains io to 20 per cent, of ammonia, hence known as a solution of
compound ammonia. It is a colourless, inflammable gas of the fishy ammoni-
acal odour of herring brine. Insoluble in water. Used as solution or liniment
1 to 3 of glycerin.

Actions and uses. — A powerful escharotic and irritant of the alimentary canal.
It depresses the heart, lowers the arterial tension, lessens blood heat and dimin-
ishes the excretion of urea. It is given as a sedative in acute rheumatism, both
internally and externally, to relieve pain. As an anodyne the liniment is used
in chorea to moderate the movements. Dose — 20 to 40 ms. of 20 per cent,
solution.

Trimethylamine Hydrochloridum- — Neutralize the solution of trimethylamine
with hydrochloric acid and crystallize. Deliquescent staple salt in prisms or
crystals, having a pungent fishy odour and pungent saline taste ; soluble in water
and alcohol. More agreeable for use than trimethylamine. Used as solution,
pill, liniment or as syrup. A cardiac and muscular sedative it promotes
nutrition, frees expectoration, stimulates the action of the spinal cord. As an
antirheumatic and powerful antipyretic it is used in acute rheumatism and gout
to relieve pain and diminish fever. Dose — 2 to 3 grs.

Trional — Ethyl-urethane — Di-ethyl-sulphon-methyl ethylmethane. — Similar to
sulphonal, but with an ethyl group substituted in place of one of the methyl
groups. Occurs in colourless, glistening crystals or plates, without odour and
having a distinctly bitter taste. Soluble in water (1 to 320), soluble in alcohol,
ether and hot water. Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Actions and 7ises. — Hypnotic and sedative ; very efficient and prompt in ac-
tion, having no secondary ill-effects. Given in cerebral excitement, in restless-
ness with delirium, and in insomnia which so frequently accompany pulmonary
phthisis. It has a specific inhibitory effect on night sweats. As a hypnotic it is
superior to sulphonal and tetronal. It has little or no ill-effect on the heart.
In simple dyspnoea it is highly effective. Its effects increase when given with
heroin in TL of a grain doses. When pain is also present, it may be given
with phenacetin or antifebrin.

Triphenin — Propionyl-phenetidin. — Prepared from amido-phenole or para-
phenitidine. Colourless crystals, soluble in water (1 in 2,000).

Actions and uses. — Antipyretic, antineuralgic and sedative; similar to.phenace-
tin. Free from secondary effects of antifebrin, kairin, analgene and antipyrin.
Given in fever where it is certain in its action ; defervescence is gradual and rise
of temperature slow in acute rheumatism. As an antineuralgic it is given in
migraine. As a sedative it is of benefit in tabes mesenterica. Dose — As
antipyretic 4 to 10 grs., as antineuralgic 15 grs.

Tropa Cocaine — Benzoyl — Pseudo-tropeine — Tropaine — Obtained from Java
coca leaves. Colourless crystals, soluble in water. Dose — ^ to | gr. Tropa-
cocainse Hydrochlorum — Hydrochloride of Tropacocaine. — Used as solution 3
per cent.

Actions and uses. — Powerful anesthetic, not half as toxic as cocaine. The
solution of hydrochloride is used in ophthalmic operations and in extraction of
teeth. It produces local anesthesia of the cornea more rapidly than cocaine,
but the effect is very transitory. It causes less diltation of the pupil.

TROPONE

37*

Tropone. — An albuminous substance, obtained from animal or vegetable
proteids. A lightbrown powder resembling sand, insoluble in water, taste
pleasant. It contains 90 per cent, of albumen. Like milk, it is peptonized by
hydrochloric acid and pepsine, and used as biscuits and bread. An easily diges-
tible food.

Tumenol. — A sulphonized product, obtained from mineral oil ; similar to thiol.
To obtain it treat hydrocarbons of mineral oils with sulphuric acid, and tumenol
is deposited as a black, thick, viscid substance, soluble in water. It has a power-
ful reducing property. It is used as a dusting powder in eczema or as an
ointment in pruritis, moist eczema, erosions, excoriations, ulcers, &c.

Tussol — Antipyrin amygdalate. — In white granular crystals ; soluble in
water and alcohol, and of saline taste. As analgesic and antipyretic it is given
in whooping cough. Dose — 5 to 15 grs.

Ulexine. — An alkaloid, obtained from ulex europoeus or common furze. In
white yellow crystals, soluble in water. Forms a hydrobromide. Used as a
powerful idiuretic. It is antidotal to strychnine. Dose — t° \ gT*

Unatrol — Sodium oleate. — A white powder, freely soluble in water. Used as
a hepatic stimulant, in torpor of the liver and to increase the secretion of bile.
A nice excretor of gall-stone. Dose — 10 grs.

Uralium — Ural — Chloral-urethane — Uraline. — Mix together chloral and ure-
thane, and add hydrochloric acid. Colourless, shining, lamellar crystals,
soluble in alcohol (1 in 6) and sparingly so in water. Used as a hypnotic in
insomnia, cough, angina, &c. It is, however, uncertain in its effects, disagree-
able to take, causes nausea and disorders of digestion. Dose — 10 to 30 grs.

Uranii Nitras, B.P. — Uranium Nitrate. — The nitrate of a metal occurring in
pitchblende and other minerals. Efflorescent, fine, yellow crystals. Taste
astringent and styptic, freely soluble in water (2 in 1). Dose — £ to 5 grs. Used
as solution (10 grs. to 1 oz.).

Preparations. — Uranii et quininae chloridum. Uranium and quinine chloride ;
occurs in yellow crystals soluble in water (1 in 100). Given in diabetes, also as
a spray in throat affections. Dose — 3 to 6 grs.

Urea Quininae — Quininae hydrochloro-carbamidum. — In small colourless prisms.
Soluble in water (1 to 1). Dose — 5 to 15 grs. Used hypodermically in cholera
to promote the secretion of the urine.

Urethane — Ethyl urethane — Ethyl carbamate. — Heat together urea nitrate
and ethyl alcohol. Colourless prismatic crystals without odour and of a saline
taste like that of saltpetre. Soluble in alcohol (1 to 6), oil (1 to 20), chloroform
(1 to 15), ether (1 to 1), water (1 to 1), and glycerin (1 to 3). An excellent solvent
for hydrochloride of quinine, hence a great aid in preparing solution of quinine
for subcutaneous use. Urethrane 24 grs., quinine hydrochloride 48 grs., and
water 48 ms. ; 16 ms. contain 7 grs. of quinine. Being non-irritant, it is used
subcutaneously. Dose — As a sedative 15 to 40 grs., as a hypnotic 30 to 40 grs.

Actions and uses . — As a hypnotic not so reliable as chloral. It is a cerebral
cardiac and respiratory sedative. Given in delirium tremens, insomnia, nervous
excitement, tetanus and acute *mania. It is an antidote to strychnia, picrotoxin
and resorcin poisoning. As an enema it may be given in convulsions.

Uricedin. — A German speciality. Brown yellow granules, soluble in water.
Dose— 1 to 2 drs. Treat lime juice with sulphuric and hydrochloric acids,
neutralize with soda. Then add lithium citrate and evaporate to dryness. As a
lithontriptic, given in gout, gravel, urinary calculi uric acid diatheses, rheuma-
tism, &c.

372

UROPHERIN.

Uropherin — Lithlum-deuretin. — It is a compound of lithium salicylate with
theobromine lithium. It contains lithium 50 per cent, A white amorphous
powder, decomposing- on exposure to the air. It is without any odour and of an
alkaline taste ; soluble in water (1 in 5). As a diuretic it is given in cardiac and
renal dropsy, combined with digitalin. Dose — 5 to 60 grs.

Urosine — Eurosine — Quinate of Lithia. — A combination of quinic acid with
lithia citras by a patented process. Used in tablets each 7J grains or as a
powder to prevent the formation of uric acid. Hence given against gout,
uric acid diatheses, &c. It is also a specific against malaria. Like salicylic
acid, it is given against rheumatism.

Ursal. — A compound of salicylic acid and urea. As a diuretic given in gout
and rheumatism. Properties similar to those of sodium salicylate.

• Vasogen — Valsol — Vasolum. — An oxidised hydrocarbon, an oxygenated petro-
leum. It is rapidly absorbed by the skin. An aseptic liquid, soluble in water. A
vehicle for forming iodoform vasogen (3 per cent.) used for injection in
tubercular abscesses and anal fissures. Creosote vasogen 20 per cent. ; mercury
vasogen ointment 50 per cent.; ichthyol vasogen 10 per cent.; guaiacol vasogen
20 per cent.; sulphur vasogen 3 per cent.; tar vasogen 25 per cent. Other liquid
vasogens contain camphor, chloroform, iodine, menthol, potassium iodide, &c.
Iodine vasogen is used in epididymitis, for inguinal swellings, syphilitic skin
diseases, tuberculosis, &c.

Xylol — Xylene — De-methyl benzine. — A coal tar'derivative ; colourless, yellow-
ish liquid, odour very faint ; used as capsules, spray or lotion. As an antiseptic
given internally in small-pox to relieve eruptions in the throat and to lessen
foetid exhalations. Also applied externally as a spray or lotion. Dose — 10 to
15 ms. dissolved in oil.

Xeroform — Bismuthi tribrom-phenol — Tribrom-carbolate of bismuth. — A mix-
ture of tribromo-phenol and bismuth oxide in equal proportions. Neutral yellow
or greenish-yellow powder, of a faint odour and taste. Insoluble in any media.
Dose— 5 to 20 grs.

Actions and uses. — Non-toxic, non-irritating and non-caustic. A good sub-
stitute for iodoform. As an astringent and bactericide it is given internally in
diarrhoea, cholera, &c. It does not affect the mucous membrane of the digestive
organs. Externally it is dessicating ; it diminishes suppuration, and loosens
secretion. Like iodoform, it is dusted in wounds, buboes, and used as a snuff
in coryza. It also promotes granulation and cicatrization very quickly.

POISONS

373

POISONS.

Acetanilid, Antipyrin, Kairin and Phenacetin. Antagonists — Belladonna or
atropine , to maintain the blood pressure ; strychnine , to maintain respiration ;
oxygen inhalation to overcome cyanosis. Heat , locally; stimulants , to support
vitality, such as coffee, camphor and ether hypodermically injected.

Mineral Acids. Antagonists — Opium, ammonia (intravenous injection) ; sti-
mulant ; alcohol to combat depression. Antidotes — Alkalies, chalk, whiting, wall
plaster, magnesia, sodium carbonate, albumen, white of eggs, milk, starch
and mucilage ; to protect the mucous membrane, oils, soap, &c.

Acetic Acid. Antagonists — Morphine £ gr. to remove shock. Antidotes —
Soap and water, milk, oil, gruel, magnesia or magnesium carbonate, lime, chalk,
and white-wash.

Carbolic Acid. Antagonists — Wash out the stomach ; atropine hypodermi-
cally (to maintain heart and respiration) until eliminated; amyl nitrite inhalation;
alcohol, brandy as stimulant ; friction and heat to the extremities, and fara-
dization. Antidotes — Magnesium sulphate i oz., or sodium sulphate \ oz., to
form a soluble sulpho-carbolate ; alcohol and water 2 ozs. each to prevent
corrosive effects ; castor oil ; vegetable demulcents to protect the mucous
membrane ; soap suds ; lime water ; liquor calcis saccharatus ; cider vinegar ;
also sodium carbonate ; oils should not be used, as they increase absorption
of the poison.

Carbonic Acid (Carbon Dioxide). Antagonists— Alcohol by mouth or rectum,
stimulants, cold douche, blows upon the chest, artificial respiration , coffee
(enemata). Antidotes — Chlorine water inhalation or spray ; oxygen-gas inhala-
tion ; ammonia vapour inhalation ; galvanism, free open air.

Hydrocyanic Acid (Prussic acid) — Potassium cyanide — bitter almonds, cherry
laurel. Antagonists — Stimulants: brandy, ether, ammonia, &c. Douche or hot
and cold effusion to the spine alternately, artificial respiration, faradization to
the heart, mustard to the spine, ether, ammonia by the stomach, by injection
hypodermically, by inhalation, or by intravenous injection. Antidotes — If time
permits to do anything, cobaltous nitrate, ammonia water inhalation, chlorine
water by spray or vapour. Iron per and proto salts with magnesia. Sodium
or calcium chloride, \ dr. in water ; sodium thiosulphate. Emetics, stomach
pump, apomorphine hypodermically.

Oxalic Acid and oxalates (salts of sorrel or of lemon). Antagonists— Calcium
carbonate, calcium hydrate, mucilaginous drinks ; poultices to the abdomen,
morphine; hypodermically stimulants, and warmth to the extremities.

Arsenious acid — Fowler’s solution — white arsenic — arsenical wall paper — Paris
green (cupro-aceto arsenite). Antidotes — Castor oil, dialysed iron, hydrated
peroxide of iron ; sal volatile repeatedly, demulcents, apomorphine hypodermi-
cally, perchloride of iron and magnesia, green sulphate of iron, hydrated ferri
subcarbonas, charcoal : demulcents ; emesis by feather tickling ; poultices,
linseed meal ; potassium iodide to promote elimination.

Aconite. Antagonists — Evacuation of the stomach ; atropine, ammonia, mor-
phine, amyl nitrite and ether (to maintain heart and respiration), warmth to the
heart and extremities ; artificial respiration, recumbent posture, stimulants,
digitalis to counteract its cardiac action, caffeine hypodermically or by the
mouth. Antidotes — Tannic acid, animal charcoal, emetics, stomach pump,
purgatives, poultices to the abdomen.

374

ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION.

Alcoholic Intoxication. Antagonists— Ammonia inhalation ; cold effusion to
the head ; warmth to the extremities ; faradization ; artificial respiration ; chloral
(grs. 20) and bromides (grs. 20) to procure sleep ; capsicum (grs. 20) and
ammonium chloride (grs. 30) against stupor and to restore faculties ; hyoscine
dose— gr. y£o, or duboisine gr. x£o> as a hypnotic, used hypodermically for
delirium tremens. Belladonna if there is insomnia, cyanosis, cerebral con-
gestion ; stramonium hypodermically or by the rectum ; tartar emetic in
sthenic cases ; ammonium bromide if horror exists ; cannabis to procure sleep.
Antidotes — Emetics, stomach pump, apomorphine hypodermically.

Alkalies. Antagonists — Opium to check shock and restore vitality : stimu-
lants, caffeine, alcohol, &c. Antidotes — Dilute vegetable acids, vinegar, lime
juice, albumen, milk, gelatin, oils. To protect mucous surfaces, demulcents ;
animal charcoal and potassium permanganate.

Alkaloids — Atropine, conine, physostigmine, jelsemine, hyoscyamine, pilocar-
pine, staphisagrine, &c. Antidotes — Emetics, warm water, vegetable astringents,
tannin tea, coffee, albumen, charcoal and iodine. Stimulant : heat, friction to
the extremities. Artificial respiration, emetic and cathartics afterwards.

Ammonia. Antagonists — Aconite, veratrum, digitalis and other cardiac seda-
tives. Antidotes— Vinegar, lemon juice, vegetable acids followed by demul-
cents ; inhalation of chlorine water or acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid vapours.

Amyl Nitris. Antagonists — Brucine, digitalis, strychnine, picrotoxin, ergo-
tine (hypodermically). Stimulants ; artificial respiration, alternate hot and cold
douche, and cold to the head.

Anaesthetics : if chloroform by the mouth. Evacuate the stomach. Other
treatment the same as for irritant poisoning. Chloroform or ether inhalation.
Antagonists — Amyl nitrite, oxygen by inhalation, venesection to relieve engorged
right heart ; atropine hypodermically, strychnine hypodermically ; ammonia
intravenously or internally. Brandy internally ; cold effusion, flagellation,
galvanism to stimulate the heart’s action ; tongue held forward by forceps ;
artificial respiration, fresh air. Heat to the extremities and body ; invert the
patient ; compress and relax the chest alternately.

Antimony — Tartar emetic or antimony chloride (butter of antimony). Antago-
nists— Opium, alcohol, ether and other antispasmodics. Antidotes — Wash out
the stomach. Mustard, tannin, gallic acid, sal volatile, strychnine, digitalis (if
collapse), morphine hypodermically ; demulcents as milk, white of egg, infusion
of strong tea or coffee, linseed tea, flax seed tea, magnesia, alkalies and salts of
lead ; tickling the fauces.

Atropine and Belladonna — Hyoscyamus, Dhatura. Antagonists— Morphine,
aconite, physostigmine, pilocarpine gr. ]/e hypodermically ; quinine, muscarine,
coffee, brandy, capsicum, faradization of the respiratory muscles, flagellation,
cold to the head, amyl nitrite, eserine, oil of sassafras, pepper, chloral,
ammonia inhalation. Antidotes — Tannin, charcoal 4 drs. Emetics — zinc sul-
phate, apomorphine ; cathartics, stomach pump, poultices to abdomen, artificial
respiration.

Bromides. Antagonists — Digitalis, ergot, belladonna, cocaine, alcohol and
opium, and vasomotor stimulants. Demulcents to protect the mucous mem-
branes.

Calcium Chloride. Antagonists — Opium, alcohol to relieve depression. Anti-
dotes— White of eggs, oils, milk and mucilage.

CAMPHOR.

375

Camphor* Antagonists— Aconite, coffee, cold, alcohol, opium, bromides to
relieve convulsions. Antidotes— Water to precipitate it from alcoholic solution,
.alkalies, earthy salts, emetics.

Cannabis. Antagonists— Alcohol, keep awake and moving, strychnine as a
respiratory stimulant; lime juice, ammonia, faradization to the respiratory
muscles to keep awake. Antidotes — Emetics.

Canthans. Antagonists— Opium if gastro-enteritis. Antidotes— Emetics
demulcents freely (linseed tea, gruel, barley water), water, oleaginous injections
into the bladder to allay irritation.

. Chlorine gas or vapour. Antagonists-Chloroform inhalation to lessen
irritation in thO throat. Antidotes— Albumen, ammonia vapour inhaled and
ammonium sulphide inhalation. Fresh air, steam inhalation. Emesis with
warm water, white of egg, milk, lime water, magnesia.

Chloral Hydrate-Syrup of chloral. Antidotes-Liquor potass®, emetics,
stornach pump. Antagonists— Strychnine sub-cutaneous!y, artificial respiration,
fresh air, oxygen inhalation, amyl nitrite inhalation, caffeine, stimulants as
alcohol, ammonia, frictions, electricity, mustard plasters, picrotoxin ' of a
grain hypodermically, atropine ^ of a grain hypodermically to avoid cardiac
respiratory and spinal depression, belladonna tincture, cold to the head, heat
to the body and limbs.

Cocaine. Antagonists— Amyl nitrite, ammonia inhalations to remove cardiac
depression ; opium, alcohol as stimulant ; morphine and ether hypodermi-
cally ; ammonia inhalation and artificial respiration ; caffeine internally ; chloral
ether and chloroform most direct antagonists. Antidotes— Tannin, potassium
permanganate, albumen, emetic, cathartics, charcoal.

Conium. Antidotes-Caustic alkalies, tannic acid, gallic acid followed by
emetics, cathartics. Antagonists— Picrotoxin, mix vomica, strychnine, alcohol,
friction and other tetanizers.

Copper Salts. Antagonists.— Evacuate the stomach ; opium, demulcents for
gastro-enteritis. Potassium iodide, alkalies and -their carbonates. Antidotes—
Potassium ferrocyanide, albumen, magnesia.

Coarse glass powder. Antagonists— Antidotes— Crumbs of bread followed
by an emetic.

Curare. Antagonists— Artificial respiration, strychnine to support the heart
and respiration, atropine, artificial respiration. Antidotes— Ligature above the
wound. Incise freely the wound, suck the wound strongly ; caustic alkalies to
destroy the poison ; evacuate the bladder to prevent re-absorption.

ardfiamide °f P°taSSiT' Antal?onists-Ammonia, alcohol, digitalis, strychnine,
J ' resP‘rat'°"- Unction and galvanism. Antidotes-Ferrous sulphate

followed by emetics or stomach pump, cobaltous nitrate and sodium thhjsul-
pnate.

orrosive Sublimate and Gold Salts. Antagonists— Bismuth, tannin, diluted
ni ne acid, sodium sulphide as mouth-wash or gargle ; belladonna to lessen
sa lva ion, hyoscyamine for the tremor, morphine for shock. Antidotes— Milk,
g u en, magnesia, vegetable astringents. Hydrated proto-sulphide of iron, char-
coa , ime water. Albumen to be followed by evacuation of the stomach bv
emetics or stomach pumps and by potassium iodide.

Croton Oil-Savin Oil-Tansy Oil, &c. Antidotes-Emetic like zinc sulphate;
war^bath 6mulcents ; °pmm for diarrhoea, camphor and stimulants if collapse.

DATURA.

376

Datura. Antagonists— Emetics, tannin, pilocarpine, physostigmine and mor-
phine.

Digitalis— Digitalin, Digitoxin. Antagonists— Morphine J gr. hypodermically,
aconitine ^ gr. hypodermically against the cardiac action ; sal volatile
internally, rest in the recumbent posture. Saponin and senegin, alcohol as
cardiac stimulant, galvanism. Antidotes— Emetics, apomorphine hypodermic-
ally, hot coffee, hot tea, tannic acid.

Ergot. Antagonists— Amyl nitrite, aconite, veratrum viride, tobacco and
lobelia. Antidotes — Tannin followed by an emetic.

Fish Poison— Shell-fish. Antagonists— Capsicum, chloroform, potassium chlo-
rate, opium, liquor ammoniae acetatis. Antidotes— Emetics and cathartics.

Fungi Poisons or Mushrooms, Muscarine. Antagonists— Atropine hypoder-
mically, digitalis. Stimulants — Coffee, warmth to the abdomen, stramonium,
belladonna. Antidotes— Tannic acid, emetic of zinc sulphate, &c., purgative—

castor oil. . ...

Gelsemium. Antagonists-Morphme, digitalis, atropine, ammonia, alcohol,
tincture of xanthoxylum, heat externally, faradization, artificial respiration,
brandy, capsicum internally. Antidotes-Tannin followed by an emetic or the

stomach pump.

Insect venom, insect stings, reptile bites.-Ipecac poultices or paste to
allay pain. Antidotes-Ammonia water, carbolic acid, sodium carbonate,
sodium chloride locally to the wound ; hypodermic injection of ammonia water
2 per cent. Dose— 15 ms. Ammonia neutralizes the formic acid. Salicylic
acid with collodion (1 in 19) locally ; sugar locally.

Irrespirable Gases-Carbon dioxide gas and carbon monoxide, sulphuretted
hydrogen, coal gas, nitrous oxide. Antagonists- Oxygenation of blood as fresh
air, liquor ammoniae inhalation, hot and cold douche to the chest alternately to
awaken respiration, artificial respiration. Oxygen inhalation, atropine hypoder-
mically, galvanism, friction to the extremities, ether sub-cutaneously, strychnine
hypodermically, stimulant to the peripheral circulation, blows upon the chest
if heart’s action becomes slow and imperceptible, traction of the tongue,

enema of coffee. Antidote-Chlorine water as spray or inhalation.

Iodine. Antagonists- Restoratives, vasomotor tonics as quinine, digitalis and
amyl nitrite, morphine to relieve pain, pyrethrum root to chew to hasten
elimination. Antidotes— Starch, arrowroot, to be followed by stomach pump,
white of egg, demulcents, lime water, sodium and potassium carbonates.

Iodoform. Antidotes— Bicarbonate of sodium, bromide of potassium.

Lead Salts— Acetate of Lead. Antagonists— Opium to allay irritation, bella-
donna to relieve tenesmus, strychnine for paralysis ; electricity, alum and milk
for colic. Antidotes— Albumen, milk, emetics or stomach pump, sulphate ol
sodium and magnesium, flax tea, sodium phosphate, elm tea, acid car-
bonates, diluted milk, white of eggs, diluted sulphuric acid, ferrous sulphate. In
chronic poisoning, potassium iodide 10 grs., atropine tso gr- Potassa sulphurata
for baths. In cachexia, quinine, sulphate of iron and dilute sulphuric acid.

Lobelia. Antagonists— Alcohol, digitalis, belladonna, ergot as vasomotor
excitants: strychnine, picrotoxin, thebaine to act on the nervous system.
Antidotes Tannin to form insoluble tannates, charcoal, muscarine.

Metallic Salts. Antagonists— Opium, alcohol, cocaine ; stimulants for shock.
Antidotes— Albumen, milk, magnesia, alkalies, starch, soap, oils, demulcents—
Emetics, cathartics, stomach to be washed.

NITRO-BENZOL.

377

Nitro-Benzol. Antagonists — Alcohol, liquor ammonia;, chloric ether, atro-
pine internally, by enema or hypodermically ; artificial respiration and
galvanism. Antidotes — Emetics and ammonia inhalation.

Nux Vomica and Strychnine. Antagonists — Rest and quiet — chloral hydrate,
butyl chloral hydrate, potassium bromide, chloroform or ether inhalation, physos-
tigmine, picrotoxin, chamomile oil, amyl nitrite inhalation, veratrum viride,
urethane, methyl and ethyl derivatives of strychnine, brucine and thebaine,
camphor monobromate, ice to spine, tobacco by enema, apomorphine hypo-
dermically,. nicotine, artificial respiration, paraldehyde, hot bath, potassium
permanganate in large doses, tannin, iodine solution, charcoal. Antidotes —
Lard, fats and oils to retard absorption, eucalyptus decoction. As a wash for the
stomach emetics, or stomach pump ; evacuate the bladder to prevent absorption.

Opium and Morphine. Antagonists — Atropine gr. hypodermically to act
on the brain, heart, respiration and arterial tension ; caffeine by the mouth, or
rectum, or hypodermically; cocaine against cardiac and respiratory depression,
strychnine alone or with atropine against respiratory paralysis. Amyl nitrite
inhalation or ammonia intravenous injection, capsicum for rectal injection,
to relieve stupor ; vinegar, lime juice, douche alternately hot and cold to the
neck, artificial respiration, oxygen inhalation, venesection in distension of the
right heart and failure of respiration, potassium bromide to remove cerebral
symptoms ; stomach to be washed, faradization of the chest, bladder to be
evacuated, flagellation. Antidotes — -Tannin, vegetable astringents to be fol-
lowed by an emetic or stomach pump ; apomorphine sub-cutaneously, potas-
sium permanganate, tincture of iodine, charcoal.

Phosphorus (Rat Paste). Antagonist— Opium ; to relieve cardiac and gen-
eral depression. Copper sulphate to form insoluble phosphide of copper.
Antidotes — Powdered charcoal to prevent the action of the poison on the
tissues. Potassium permanganate, turpentine, hydrated magnesia, Epsom salt
as a purgative, mucilaginous drinks, copper carbonate with sugar, morphine,
lime water. Avoid fats and oils as they dissolve phosphorus and promote
absorption, and milk -as it dissolves the poison. Turpentine, should be old
(containing oxygen).

Physostigma (Calabar bean), Eserine. Antagonists — Atropine gr. ^ hypo-
dermically for its effects on respiration, heart and pupils ; chloral hydrate, nux
vomica by mouth or rectum; artificial respiration ; stimulants freely. Antidotes —
Emetics, stomach pump, tannic acid, apomorphine hypodermically ; vegetable
astringents, caustic alkalies.

Picrotoxin (Cocculus Indicus). Antagonists — chloral hydrate, potassium bro-
mide, anaesthetics to relieve spasms. Antidotes — Emetics, acetic acid, stomach
pump.

Pilocarpine (Jaborandi). Antagonists — Atropine gr. hypodermically, Mor-
phine to control nausea and vomiting. If collapse, ammonia, black coffee, wine.
Antidotes — Emetics, tannin, per salts of iron, caustic alkalies and metallic salts.

Rhus (Poison Oak or Ivy). Antagonists — Cocaine 4 to 8 per cent, solution alone
or with oleate locally, to relieve itching and burning, grindelia robusta lotion,
carbolic acid solution ; lobelia infusion, solution of corrosive sublimate, acetate
of lead, chlorinated soda, lime water with linseed oil, soap suds. Aristol as
dusting powder, hydrogen dioxide as a wash for face and hands, sassafras
infusion internally and locally, sodium sulphite with glycerin and opium
internally. Rest, laxatives, opium, strong coffee to allay irritability of the
nervous system.

4S

37§

RESQRCINE,

Resorcine. Antagonists— ‘Stimulants, atropine, as a cardiac and respiratory
stimulant hypodermically, heat to the extremities, amyl nitrite inhalation,
friction and galvanism. Antidotes — Stomach pump, albumen, saccharated lime
or soda ; as wash for the stomach, emetics ; olive oil internally.

Serpent venom. Antagonists — Strychnine hypodermically, alcohol, brandy
freely, potassium iodide, antidotes — Potassium permanganate hypodermically,
chloride of lime solution (i in 60) hypodermically, hypochlorites of lime or
sodium, gold chloride, antivenene, strong carbolic or mineral acids as caustic,
after forcible sucking of the wound, liquor ammonite hypodermically.

Silver Salts. Antagonists — Castor oil, tea, arrowroot, potassium iodide, milk
and opium to allay irritation. Antidotes — Alkalies, albumen, stomach pump j
emetics of warm water; common salt precipitates silver and act as an emetic i
and cathartics.

Tobacco — Antagonists, strychnine, alcohol, ammonia, ergot, digitalis, bella-
donna, brandy, strong coffee, warmth to the surface, friction, artificial respi-
ration, recumbent posture. Antidotes — ‘Tannin, followed by emetics or stomach
pump, iodides.

Classification of medicines according to their effects on the human system.

In the following- pages they are treated in an alphabetical order : —

Acids. — These are substances which g-ive acid reaction on blue litmus paper
or neutralize the alkalinity of alkaline substances forming neutral salts. Medi-
cinally they are caustic in a concentrated form and astringent when freely diluted .
They increase the coagulability of the blood and cause contraction of the blood
vessels and thus check the secretions of glands having acid secretions. Acids
given before meals, therefore, check the production of gastric juice. They, how-
ever, stimulate or increase the production of pancreatic secretion which is
alkaline in reaction. Acids are either mineral or organic. Organic acids
exist both in plants and animals. With alkalies and alkaloid bases they form
salts. (See index.)

Alkalies or antacids. — These agents neutralize acids. In a concentrated
form, they also, like acids, corrode the tissues. Internally they check the alka-
line secretions, and increase the acid secretions when in contact with the
ducts of the glands. Alkalies taken into the stomach increase the production
of acid gastric juice.

Alkalies are divided into direct antacids and indirect or remote antacids.
Direct antacids are those which lessen the acidity in the stomach, neutra-
lize acids of fermentation and prevent dyspepsia. Indirect alkalies, otherwise
known as remote antacids, have no power over acidity in the stomach, as they
are neutral in reaction. They are oxidized in the blood and excreted as carbo-
nates in the urine. They are mostly neutral salts of alkaline bases combined
with vegetable acids, which are broken up in the system and alkaline bases
liberated.

Direct antacids. — These include -Aromatic spirit of ammonia, calcium sa-
charata, carbonates and bicarbonates of ammonium, calcium, lithium, mag-
nesium, potassium and sodium ; cowries ashes, egg shell, hydrates of ammo-
nium, calcium, potassium, and sodium, lime water, chalk, magnesia calcined,
oyster shell, purvalu, samudraphena, sankh.

Remote antacids. — These are vegetable acids as acetic, citric and tartaric,

combined with alkalies as potassium, sodium, and lithium.

\

Anaesthetics. — Drugs which reduce or temporarily destroy sensation. Their
action may be either central, peripheral or along the course of nerve fibres.
Anaesthetics may be general or local. General anaesthetics include certain
volatile substances belonging to the group of alcohols and ethers. These,
when inhaled in sufficient quantities, produce complete unconsciousness and loss
ot sensation (anaesthesia) and also lessen motor power.

Local anaesthetics and anodynes. These act upon the sensory nerves, reduce
their functions until they lose their power of receiving or conducting sensations.

380

ANAESTHETICS.

Some act
or lessening
ing the local
skin or of the
porarily.

Acetanilid — General.

Acetone — Local.

Acid acetic glacial and
— Local.

Acid carbolic — Local.

Do. carbonic.

Do. di-iodo salicylic.

Do. hyperosmic.

Do. sulpho-anilic — General.

^ther sulphuric — General as inhala-
tion— Local as spray.

^Ether with pulvis camphor (2 to 1) —
Local anaesthetic.

Alcohol — General and local.
Ammonia water.

Amyl hydride — Local.

Amyl nitris.

Anaesthetic ether compound — Local.
Anestyle or anesthyl — Local.

Anozal — Local.

Antipyrin — Local.

Aristol — Local anaesthetic.

Asaprol — General.

Benzyl tropine.

Beta eucaine hydrochloride.
Bisulphide of carbon.

Butyl chloral hydrate — General.
Carbon tetra chloride.

Carbonic acid gas.

Chloral hydrate.

Do. hydrate and carron oil (1 in

I5)*

Do. hydrate and camphor.
Chloralimid.

Chloroform.

Chloroform and cocaine inhalation.
Creosote.

Dionine.

Ether spray.

Ethydene dichlorid (inhalation).

Ethyl bromide inhalation.

Ethyl chloride (spray).

Do. iodide.

Eucaine.

Eugenol.

Euphorine,

Extreme cold.

Guaiacol calcii— Local.

Heroine.

Holocaine 1 per cent, solution for the
eyes.

Hydramyl ether.

Hydrogen peroxide.

Ichthyol — Local.

Iodoform (local),
lodol (local).

Isobutyl nitris.

Kandal.

Kryophenin.

Lactophenine.

Lead acetate (solution).

Methyl chloride (tampon).

Methylal (inhalation).

Methylene bichloride (inhalation).
Naphthalene (local).

Nirvanin.

Nitrous oxide gas inhalation.
Orthoform.

Pental.

Phenacetin — General.

Pyoktanin (local).

Rhigolene (spray).

Tonga.

Tropa cocaine (for the eyes).

by directly depressing the end organs in the skin, others by affecting
the conductivity of sensory nerves, while some by indirectly reduc-
circulation. Anodynes diminish for a time the sensibility of the
mucous membrane, while local anaesthetics destroy them tem-

chloroform

Alteratives. — A group of remedial agents which promote metabolism, alter the
course of morbid condition of the blood and tissues, and possess a well-marked,
but rather ill-understood, action upon the general system. They change the
morbid processes of nutrition, break up newly deposited or diseased fibrin and
disorganize syphilitic growths, and by acting upon the sympathetic system
promote the absorption of the morbid products. They are also known as

ALTERATIVES.

resolvents and disculients. Physi
system.

Abrak.

Acid arsenious.

Do. hydriodic.

Do. hydrobromic.

Do. perosmic.

Adrenal extract.

Ammonium benzoate.

Do. bromide.

Do. chloride.

Do. fluoride.

Do. iodide.

Amyl iodide.

Antimony salts.

Arsen haemol.

Arsenic and mercury iodide solu-
tion.

Arsenic chloride.

Arsenites and arsenates.

Auri arsenii et hydrargyri bromi-
dum.

Auri bromidum.

Auri iodidum.

Auri et sodii chloridum.

Barii chloridum.

Barii iodidum.

Barium sulphide.

Benz-iod hydrinum.

Bitumen.

Bromo hsemolum.

Cadmium salts.

Calcium hippurate.

Calcium sulphide.

Cod liver oil.

Copper bhasm.

Cupro haemol.

Ethyl iodide.

Ferri arsenas.

Do. benzoas.

Do. bromidum.

Do. succinas.

Do. sulphuretum.

Gaduol.

Glycerophosphates.

ically, they stimulate the lymphatic
Gold salts.

Hydrargyri bin iodidum.

Do. perchloridum.

Do. sozoidolum.

Do. subchloridum.

Do. succinidum.

Do. sulphatum nigrum.

Do. sulphuratum rubrum.

Ichthalbin.

Iodia.

Iodides.

Iodine.

Iodohaemol.

Iodothyrin.

Manganese dioxide.

Mercauro, mercuro iodo haemol.
Methylene blue.

Ovarian extract.

Potassa sulphurata.

Potassium chlorate.

Do. iodide.

Raja-mrag ank-rasa.

Rubidium iodidum.

Silver iodide.

Silver salts.

Sodii hypophosphis.

Do. hyposulphis.

Do. iodide.

Sodi arsenias.

Sodium chlorate.

Sonchol salts.

Sczoiodol mercur}r.

Splenic extract.

Strontii iodidum.

Strontium arsenite.

Sulphur.

Thiocol.

Thyroid gland extract.

Uranium nitrate.

Vangashwar rasa.

Zinc oxide.

Zinc phosphate.

Analgesics and Anodynes. — These are agents which relieve or remove pain.
The term “ analgesics ” is applied to drugs which relieve actual pain, while
anodynes relieve ill-defined pain and general discomfort. In practice, how-
ever, both these terms are convertible and used indiscriminately. They act

382

ANALGESICS AND ANODYNES.

by depressing- the sensory centre in the
the sensory nerves.

Abrastol.

Acetanilid (internally and locally),
Acetopyrin.

Acetyl phenyl hydrazine.

Acid carbolic (anodyne.)

Do. di-iodosalicylic.

Do. salicylic.

Do. sulpho-anilic.

Agathin.

Akolethe.

Alphol.

Ammonium iodide.

Ammonol.

Analgesine.

Antiarthrin.

Antikamnia.

Antiphlogistine.

Antipyrin with salol.

Apolysin.

Asaprol.

Asepsin.

Bromides.

Butyl chloral hydrate.

Chloral hydrate and morphine (in-
ternally in cancer, colicky pain gas-
tralgia, gallstone, rheumatism),
Chloralamid.

Chloroform.

Chroton chloral.

Creosote.

Dionin.

Ether, spray.

Ethyl chloride, spray or internally.
Exalgine.

Formanilid.

Guaiacol with glycerin (locally as a
paint or alone hypodermically.
Guethol.

Holocaine.

Hypnal.

brain or by reducing the activity cr

Ichthyol (anodyne).

Iodides (in nocturnal pains in the
head).

Iodoform suppositories (to relieve pain
of the rectum or bladder).

Iron with belladonna (in wandering
pains).

Kryofin.

Lactophenin.

Malakin.

Methacetin.

Methyl chloride.

Methylene blue.

Neurodin.

Nitroglycerin.

Orthoform (local).

Peronin.

Phenacetin.

Phenalgin.

Phenocoll hydrochloride (in pains ot
influenza, and in gouty and rheuma
tic pains).

Phenyl urethane.

Potassium salicylate.

Pj'oktanin (anodyne.)

Pyrodin.

Quinine salicylate.

Resorcine.

Salicylamide.

Salipyrin.

Salol.

Salophen,

Sodii nitris.

Sodium paracresotate.

Solanine.

Thermodin.

Tonga.

Triphenin.

Tropa cocaine hydroclllorate.

Anaphrodisiac. — Sedatives of the sexual organs.— -These are medicinal agents
which lessen the sexual desire or lower the sexual function. They act by limit-
ing the supply of blood to the generative organs, or through the nervous system
by lowering the excitability of the local peripheral nerves or the nervous centres
presiding over the generative function.

Alkalies, acid-sulphuric dilute (in Bromalin.

• nymphomania due to hsemorrhoids). Bromides.

Antimony'salts. Bromipin.

ANAPHRODISIAC,

Oerebrin (in nymphomania).

Cocaine solution, 4 per cent, (locally
applied upon the glans penis).

Ether with camphor.

Featherbed, ice locally.

Iodides.

Naiiseants.

Nerving sedatives.

Orchitic extract.

Potassium iodide.
Purgatives.

Salines.

Sodii salicylas.

Vascular depressants.
Venesection.

Warm and heavy clothings.

External remedies. — Cliterodectomy, close study, cold baths, cold water to the
genitals, counter-irritants. Diet— Poor, vegetable.

Anhydrotics of Antihydrotics. — Drugs which check or diminish perspiration.
Their action is opposed to that of diaphoretics. They act by depressing the
functions of the sweat glands, by limiting the circulation or depressing the
hervous centres regulating the function.

Hyperidrosis is the term applied to excessive perspiration or night sweats.

Acid boracic, naphthalin, oleate of
zinc and pilocarpine.

Acid carbolic dilute as bath for
general sweating.

Acid carbolic with glycerin as lotion
or ointment for foetid stveats.

Acid phosphoric dilute, internally.

Acid salicylic with borax and talc
in foetid sweats.

Acid salicylic with alum ( 1 to 9).

Acid sulphuric aromatic to check
sweats of phthisis.

Acidulated water for sponging.

Aluminii acetas liquor as lotion, in
foetid perspiration.

Aluminii oleate, as antiseptic (applied
to axilla and groins).

Alum powered for sweating in axilla
and groins.

Arsenic oleate.

Bismuth subnitrate.

Boro-glycerin.

Borax.

Chloral hydrate (1 in 50) solution
(locally.)

Chloralum.

Chromic acid solution, 10 percent.

Cold (locally).

Cupri acetas.

Diachylon ointment (to remove foetor.)

Emol.

Ferri perchloridi.

Formaldehyde.

Hydrargyri oxidum flavum, 5 grs. to
1 oz. of vaseline.

Ichthalbin.

Ichthyol.

Iodoform.

Iron chloride with glycerin.

Kaolin (locally).

Lead acetate with glycerin as dust-
>ng powder (for foetid perspiration).

Mercury (white precipitate) ointment.
Naphthol with glycerin (1 to 2)
(locally). Naphthol with starch or
sulphur (1 to 50) (as dusting
powdei). Naphthol and alcohol (as
solution locally).

Phenol with cinnamon oil and olive
oil (locally).

Potassium permanganate 1 dr. with
belladonna 1 gr. in 1 oz. of water
as solution locally.

Potassium or sodium tellurate (as
dusting powder).

Salicin (in night sweats).

Sodium carbonate solution (locally).

Sodium chloride solution (locally).

Tannoform.

Zinc oleate with thymol and emol as
dusting powder.

Zinc oxide with kaolin as dusting
powder.

Zinc oxide 3 grs. with belladonna
£ gr. (internally).

384 ANTHELMINTICS.

Anthelmintics. — Medicinal substances which destroy or expel various kinds
of worms (entozoa) which infest the intestinal canal. They are : (1) Direct
anthelmintics or vermicides, which destroy the worms ; (2) Indirect anthel-
mintics or vermifuges which expel them.

Those drugs which by correcting the secretions of the intestines prevent the
worms from getting a foothold in them are also sometimes called anthelmintics :
some are used locally as enemata ; while others are used by the mouth.

Ascaris Lumbricoides (round Worms) —

Ammonium chloride (to prevent for-
mation of thick mucus.)

Ammonium embelate.

Ammonium picrate.

Argenti oxidum.

Bismuth sulphis.

Calomel.

Tape worms-

Acid filicic.

Do. picric.

Do. tannic.

Benzene.

Thread worms—

Acid carbolic as rectal solution, 2 grs.

to 1 ounce as rectal enema.

Alum by enema.

Calomel.

Chloride of ammonium as a prophy-
lactic (to prevent thick mucus).
Eucalyptol by rectal enema.

Fel bovis.

Ferri perchloride tincture as a
rectal (enema).

Vermifuges—

Calomel.

Chloroform (1 dr. in mucilage 1 oz.,
followed by castor oil).

Vermicides—

Iodoform.

Iridin.

Naphthalin (15 grs.)

Ferri perchloride tincture (1 in 10)
(as injection into the rectum).

Lime water).

Naphthalin.

Santonine.

Sodii santonas.

Strontium lactate.

Chloroform.

Creosote.

Eucalyptus.

Petroleum.

Ferri sulphate with chloric ether (in-
ternally or by rectal enema).
Kashisha-de-tel.

Lime water (as a rectal enema).
Mercurial ointment (locally to the
rectum to prevent itching).
Napthalin (by enema).

Sodium chloride (by enema).

Cathartics.

Fel bovis.

Vangashwer Rasa.

Santonine.

Thymol (10 grs. against duodenal
worms).

Formula. — Calomel 2, santonine 2, saccharum lactis 10, sulphur 5. Mix. Dose
”5 grs* given as vermicide.

Anti-Emetics — Include gastric sedatives and general sedatives. They lessen
or stop nausea and vomiting ; some of them act by a local sedative influence

ANTI-EMETICS. 385

tspon the end organs of the gastric nerves, while others lessen the irritability of
the vomiting centre in the medulla.

Acid arsenious liquor (useful in vomit-
ing due to alcohol, gastric ulcer,
pregnancy with pain, retching and
straining).

Acid carbolic (if vomiting is due to
sarcinae and other gastric fer-
ments).

Acid carbolic, with bismuth (in
nervous vomiting, or vomiting due
to cholera,, pregnancy and irritable
stomach).

Acid carbonic waters (in vomiting of
pregnancy).

Acid hydrobromic dilute (^ dr. for
gastric ulcer and in vomiting of
pregnancy).

Acid phosphoric dilute.

Acid sulphurous dilute.

Acid tartaric.

Alcohol — Brandy — Champagne.

Alkaline effervescent drinks.

Alum (Dose— 5 to 10 grs., in

phthisical vomiting).

Ammonium carbonate (to relieve acid
vomiting).

Ammonium chloride.

Aperient salts (in vomiting of preg-
nancy).

Apetol (in vomiting of pregnancy and
of drunkards.).

Bezoar (in vomiting of pregnancy).

Bismuth subnitrate and carbolic acid
(in acute gastric catarrh and in
vomiting of pregnancy).

Bismuth citras (in vomiting of preg-
nancy}.

Bromalin.

Bromides (in cerebral vomiting).

Calcii liquor and milk (for vomiting
in children).

Calomel and opium (in vomiting due
to intestinal trouble).

Carbonated water.

Cerii oxalate (1 gr., in vomiting due
to pregnancy, gastric cancer or
ulcer.)

Charcoal (in vomiting of pregnancy).

Chloral hydrate (in reflex vomiting).

49

Chloroform (in non-inflammatory
cases, in reflex vomiting due to
colic, calculi, & c.).

Chloroform and opium (locally to the
epigastrium).

Copper sulphate ( jL gr. in vomiting of
pregnancy).

Creosote (1 m. in vomiting due to
gastric ulcer or cancer).

Erythrol tetranitrate.

Ether (locally to the stomach, or as
inhalation, internally or as spray
to the spine).

Eucalyptus - oil (in vomiting due to
sarcinae)..

Fossil encrinite (in vomiting of preg-
nancy).

Gelatin (to children in chronic vomit-
ing).

Grey powder.

Hoffman’s anodyne.

Ichthyol.

Ingluvin.

Iodine tincture with carbolic acid'
(in drop doses if vomiting is due to
pregnancy).

Iridin (in alcoholic vomiting, and that
due to gastric catarrh).

Koumiss.

Liquor sodae effervescens.

Liquor caleis (in pregnancy).

Magnesia (in sympathetic vomit-
ing).

Meat extract or meat preparations
(in persistent vomiting).

Mercury bichloride (1 gr., with lime
water 1 oz., and water 20 ozs.
Dose — 1 dr.).

Methyl chloride (as a spray to the
spine).

Milk, peptonized internally.

Naphtha (r to 2 ms. doses).

Nitrite of amyl (in sea sickness).

Nitro-glycerin (in sea sickness).

Orexin tannate.

Oxygen water, oxygen inhalation
(in vomiting of pregnancy).

Pancreatine.

386

ANTI-EMETICS.

Paraldehyde.

Pepsine (io grs. after food).

Peptenzyme,

Phenocoll with piperazine (15 grs.
each).

Piperazine (15 grs.).

Potassium acetate (in vomiting of
pregnancy and that due to albumi-
nuria).

Potassium bromide (in pregnancy due
to uterine diseases).

Potassium nitrate Q gr. every few
minutes).

Resorcin.

Salicin.

Seidlitz powder.

Silver nitrate (in nervous vomiting).

Soap and warm water (as rectal
enema).

Sodium bicarbonate in milk.

Sodium phosphas effervescens.

Sodium sulphate (5 grs. in sarcinae
and in vomiting due to acid fer-
mentation).

Sodium sulpho carbolate (in vomiting
of pregnancy).

Sodium hyposulphis.

Somatose (in vomiting of pregnancy).

Strontium bromide 5 grs., if due to
pregnancy.

External Remedies .

Blisters on the epigastrium.

Cold compress to the epigastrium.
Dilatation of the os cervix in vomit-
ing of pregnancy.

Electricity.

Enemata (nutrient).

Enemata sodium bromide and opium.
Anti-Fermentatives—

Asperin.

Benzbetal.

Benzine.

Bismuthi sulphis.

Creosote.

Glycerin.

Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum.
Antilithics and Lithontriptics —

Hot spongiopiline to the head.

Hot water to drink.

Ice bag over the stomach.

Ice to suck.

Injection, rectal or vaginal.
Leeches to the pit of the stomach.
Rectal medication.

Naphthaline tetrachloride.

Potassii sulphis.

Sodii hyposulphis.

Sodii silicatis (liquor).

Iodine trichloride.

Resorcin.

Saccharinum.

Antilithics. — These are agents which prevent the formation of the renal,
vesical or biliary calculi. Lithontriptics. — These are drugs which promote
solution or breaking up of concretions when already formed.

Acid benzoic and benzoates (in phos-
phatic cases).

Acid hippuric.

Acid hydrochloric dilute (2 ms. to
1 oz., injected into the bladder to
prevent phosphatic deposit).

Acid lactic (to remove deposit of
phosphates, oxalates and urates,
and to assist digestion).

Acid nitro-hydrochloric dilute in-
jection into the bladder in oxalic
acid calculi.

Acid nitric dilute (in phosphatic
calculi).

Acid sulphuric dilute.

Acid phosphoric dilute.

Alkalies, alkaline mineral waters,
Vichy waters (effect solution of
biliary calculi).

Ammonium benzoate (in ammoniacal
urine loaded with phosphates).

Ammonium borate with flax seed tea
(20 grs. to 1 oz., used in colic due
to the presence of uric acid).

Ammonium chloride.

Ammonium phosphate.

Amyl valerianate (in hepatic colic).

Antiarthrin,

ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS.

387

Bile, inspissated (in hepatic cases).

Boracite.

Boro citrate of magnesia and soda,
solvent of uric acid calculi.

Boro tartrate of potassium (solvent
for uric acid).

Butter (in hepatic calculi).

Calcium carbonate.

Calcium hippurate.

Carbonated water for oxalic acid
calculi.

Carbonates, citrates and acetates of
potassium, sodium and lithium.

Carlsbad salts.

Chloral hydrate (to relieve the
pain).

Chloroform (internally or as inhala-
tion).

Ether and turpentine, known as
Durande’s solution (£ dr. each on
sugar as a solvent remedy in he-
patic concretions).

Eunatrol.

Ferri succinas or hydrated peroxide
of iron (to dissolve gall stones).

Formin (in uric acid calculi).

Glycerin (a good remedy for biliary
calculi).

Lead acetate (£ gr. to 1 oz. of water
injected into the bladder to pre-
vent formation of phosphatic cal-
culi).

Lithii benzoas and lithii iodidi.

Lithium bromide, carbonate, benzoate,
hippurate (uric acid diathesis).

Lithium glycerophosphate.

Lycetol (in uric acid calculi).

Lysidin (in uric acid calculi).

Magnesia levis and magnesia
ponderosa.

Mercurial purgatives as Blue pill
(with rhubarb magnesia).

Ox gall (in gall stone).

Piperazine (solvent for uric acid).

Piperidine-bitartrate.

Potassii benzoas.

Potassii permanganas (uric acid,
brick-red sediments).

Potassium boro tartrate (uric acid
deposit).

Potassium salts (as solvent for uric
acid).

Potassium citrate (for bloody urine
and uric acid crystals).

Salicylate of sodium (as a chola-
gogue in gall stones).

Saliformin (in uric acid).

Sapo mollis or curd soap (as a uric
acid or phosphatic solvent).

Soap castile (in biliary calculi).

Sodii hippuras (Dose — 5 to 30 grs.).

Sodium benzoate and salicylate with
nux vomica (in biliary calculi).

Sodium bicarbonate (in biliary cal-
culi).

Sodium oleate (in gall stone).

Sodium phosphate (40 grs. to pre-
vent recurrence of gall stone).

Sodium salicylate (increases the
formation of bile and hence useful
in cases of tendency to gall
stone).

External Remedies.

Baths. — Nitro-muriatic acid baths, to relieve pain and promote expulsion
cf stone.

Friction over the hepatic region if pain is due to gall stone.

Fomentation, to relieve the pain.

Ice. — Application.

Kneading from the region of the gall bladder to the navel.

Antiperiodics. — Some diseases have the peculiarity of showing recurrences or
exacerbations at stated periods, such as malarial fever, neuralgia, &c. Medicinal
agents which lessen the severity of such paroxysms or prevent such recurrency
are known as antiperiodics. In the case of certain periodic fevers, these drugs

388

ANTIPERIODICS,

probably act by arresting- further development In the blood of successive crops
of pathogenic germs or organism causing those disorders.

Acid arseniosum.

Do. salicylic.

Ammonii picras.
Ammonium fluoride.
Antimony potassio tart.
Arsen-hasmol.
Carbamide urea.

Cold (locally).
Counter-irritation.

Ferri et quininse citras.
Kashisa-di-tel.

Local depletion.
Mercury preparations.
Phenocoll.

Potassium nitrate.
Purgatives.

Rest.

Sodii chloridum.

Do. fluoridum.
Salicin.

Salicylates.

remedial measures employed to reduce infla-
of the respiratory and alimentary track, and of

Antiphlogistics. — These are
mation of serous membranes,
internal organs.

Acetanilid.

Acid salicylic.

Alkalies.

Antiphlogistine.

Antipyrin.

Calomel.

Tartar emetic (respiratory).
Ichthalbin (internally).
Ichthargen.

Ichthyol (locally).

Lead salts.

Mercury as calomel for inflamation
of the serous membranes.
Naphtalene tetrachloride.

Potassium nitrate.

Resinol.

Retinol (local).

External Remedies.

Blisters.

Cold (locally).
Counter-irritation.
Ice (locally).

Leeches.

Purgatives.

Rest.

Venesection.

Antipyretics. — These are drugs or measures which reduce abnormal or
excessive body temperature. This class includes a large number of synthetic-
ally prepared drugs introduced of late into general practice and some of them
given place in the new pharmacopoeia. They act by promoting the loss of heat
or by lessening the production of heat. The production of heat may be lessened
by lessening the tissue change or by reducing the circulation. The loss of
heat may be promoted by dilating the cutaneous vessels, thus producing increas-
ed radiation, by producing perspiration and its evaporation, or by abstracting
heat from the body.

Those which diminish tissue changes —

Acetanilid.

Acid benzoic.

Do. carbolic.

Do. di-iodi-salicylic.
Do. paracresotic.
Do. picric.

Ammonol.

Ammonium benzoate

Ammonium picrate.

Analgesin.

Antipyrin.

Do. saloi.
Antithermin.
Apolysin.

Asaprol.

Asperin.

Benzanilid.

Chir.olin.

Creosote.

Essential oils
Eucalyptol.

Guaiacol carboxylic
acid.

Hydracetin (i to 2 grs.)„

ANTIPYRETICS.

389

Hydroquinone.

Phenoresorcin.

Salicylic acid.

Iodoantifebrin.

Picric acid.

Salipyrin.

Iodopyrin.

Piperonal.

Salocoll.

Kairin.

Pyramidon.

Salol.

Lactophenine.

Pyrantin.

Salophen.

Malakin.

Pyrocatechin.

Sodii benzoas.

Methacetin.

Pyrodin.

Sadium salicylate.

Methyl salicylate.

Pyrosol.

Thymol.

Phenacetin.

Quinalgen.

Wet packing.

Phenalgin.

Salicin.

Phenocoll hydrochlorate.

Salicylanilide.

Those 'which abstract heat from the body .

Cold baths.

Cold sponging.

Do. drinks.

Ice to the surface.

Those which produce perspiration and evaporation.

Acetanilid.

Formanilide.

Potassii salicylas.

Acetyl phenyl hydrazin.

Guaiacol preparations

P}rramidon.

Ammonium acetate

(internally or with olive

Resorcine.

solution.

oil (1 in 8) or as an

Sodium paracresotate,

Do. carbonas.

inunction).

Do. salicylate.

Antimonials.

Hydroquinone.

Thallin.

Antipyrin.

Kairin.

Do. sulphate.

Antisepsin.

Kryofine.

Thermifugin.

Antithermin.

Methacetin.

Thermodin.

Asaprol.

Neurodin.

Thymol.

Chinolin.

Nitrous ether.

Tollypyrin.

Chloralamide.

Phenacetin.

Tolysal.

Creosote.

Phenocoll.

Triphenin.

Dithion.

Phenoresorcin.

Euphorine.

Piperine.

Those which reduce circulation.

Antimonials.

Leeching.

Pyramidon.

Blistering.

Piperonal.

Pyrodine.

Cupping.

Poultices.

Resorcin.

Euphorine.

Purgatives.

Venesection.

Exalgine.

Pyratin.

#

Those which dilate the cutaneous vessels and produce increased radiation

heat.

Acid carbolic.

Guaiacol.

Poultices.

Alcohol. Nitrous ether.

Antipurulents, Antiputrescents. — These are medicinal agents which correct
the blood dyscrasia which leads to the formation of pus or to tissue disintegra-
tion.

Echthol. Engenol. Methacetin.

Antiseptics. — These are medicinal agents employed to prevent or retard
septic or putrefactive decomposition. They act by either destroying or arrest-
ing the development or activity of micro-organisms which produce such
decomposition : some are very powerful in their action, while others are feeble.

390

ANTISEPTICS.

Medicinally some of the former are very poisonous in their topical effect, as
they destroy — if undiluted — the tissues with which they come in contact,
e.g.

Minerals —

Acid arsenious.

Do. boric.

Do. carbonic.

Do. hydriodic.

Do. nitrous.

Do. sulphurous.

Alembroth gauze.

Alumen acetate liquor (local).
Do. boroformate.

Do- chloride.

Do. exsiccatum.

Do. oleas.

Aluminium sulphite.
Ammonium benzoate.

Do. fluoride.

Do. persulphate.

Do. salicylate.

Argentamine.

Argenti citras.

Do. chloridum.

Do. cyanidum.

Do. nitras.

Do. sulpho-carbolas.
Bismuthi phosphas.

Do. iodopyrogallas.

Do. phenylicum.

Do. oxysalicylas.

Do. sulpho-carbolas.

Do. subiodidum.
Bismuthol.

Boroglyceride.

Boro-phenol.

Bromine.

Cadmium iodide.

Cadmium sulphate.

Calomel.

Calcium bisulphite solution.

Do. chloride.

Do. permanganate.

Do. salicylate.

Calx chlorinata.

Do. iodinata.

Cantons phosphorus.
Chlorinated lime.

Do. soda.

Chlorine.

Copper arseniate.

Do. sulphate.

Earth.

Ferrous sulphate.

Fuchsine.

Glycerin.

Glycozone.

Gold chloride.

Guaiacol carboxylic acid.
Guaiacol salicylas (intestinal).
Guaiacol calcii.

Guaiaperol.

Hydrargyri oxidum.

Do. oxycyanidum.

Do. zinco-cyanidum.
Hydrogen peroxide.

Iodine.

Do. trichloride.
Iodo-salicylic acid.

Lead lotion.

Lithium sozoidol.

Magnesii boro-citras.
Magnesium sulphate,

Do. salicylate.
Mercury bichloride.

Do. cyanide.

Do. naphthol.

Mercurial sozoiodol.
Oxygenated water.

Potassii nitras.

Potassium bichromate.

Do. permanganate.

Do. sozo-iodol.

Silver nitrate.

Do. salts.

Sodii bisulphis.

Do. chloras.

Do. chloridum.

Do. fluoridum.

Do. fluosilicas.

Do. silicas.

Do. salicylas.

Sodium boro-benzoate
Do. hyposulphite.

Strontium chloride.
Sulpho-carbolic acid.

Terrol.

ANTISEPTICS.

391

Organic carbon agents —

Acetanilid.

Acid carbolic.

Do.

do.

oil (carbo-

lized oil).

Do.

do.

and shellac

(1 to 3) (as

plaster).

Do.

do.

with resin

and paraffin

(as gauze).

Do.

do.

with oxide

of lead.

Do.

cinnamic.

Do.

cresotic.

Do.

cresylic.

Do.

iodosalicylic.

Do.

oxy

n a p h t 0 i c

(alpha).

Do. para acetic.

Do. do. cresotic.

Do. phenyl propionic.
Do. picric.

Do. pyrogallic.

Do. salicylic as lotion or
ointment.

Do. trichloracetic.
Actol.

Adhesol (local).

Airol.

Alcohol.

Do. with potas bicarb,
and castile soap.
Aldehydum formicum.
Alphol (intestinal).

Alsol.

Aluminol.

Aminol.

Amyloform.

Anaphthol.

Anisic acid.

Antipyrin.

Antinosin.

Antiphlogistine.

Antipyonin.

Antisepsin.

Antiseptic eau-de-co-
logne.

Antisepticine.

Antiseptin.

Antiseptol.

Argentamine.

Argentol.

Argonin.

Aristol.

Asaprol.

Aseptol.

Baptisin.

Benzbetol.

Benzo para cresol.
Benzol.

Benzonaphthol (intesti-
nal).

Benzosol.

Betol.

Bismal.

Boral.

Borine.

Borolyptol.

Borophenol.

Borsalyl.

Carbo lignii.

Chinolin sulpho-cyanas.
Chinoline.

Chinosol.

Chloral hydrate (local-

Jy)-

Chloralum.

Chloratol.

Chloroform.

Creolin.

Creosote.

Cresalol.

Cresine.

Cresol salicylas.

Cutol.

Dermatol.

Dextroform.

Diaphtherin.

Diaphthol.

Di-iodo beta-naphthol.
Di-iodoform.

Dithion.

Enterol.

Eserine.

Ethylene periodide.
Eucalyptol.
Eucalembroth gauze.
Eudoxine.

Eugenoform.

Eugenol.

Do. acetamid.
Europhen.

Eurphorin.

Fel bovis.

Fluorides.

Form-aldehyde.

Fuchsine.

Gallactophenone.

Gallo bromol.

Geosote.

Glycerin.

Glycozone.

Guaiacetin,

Guaiacol benzoas.

Guaiacol carboxylic
acid.

Guaiacyl calcii.

Guaiacol salicylas.
Guaiaperol.

Hetocresol.

Hydrargyri naphthol
acetas.

Hydrochinon.

Hydrogen.

Hydronaphthol.

Hydroxylamine.

Iodine trichloride.
Iodoform.

Powder, emulsion, wool
and ointment.

Iodol.

Itrol.

Izol.

Jatrol.

Kaolin-ointment.

Listerine.

Loretin.

Losophan.

Lyptol.

Lysol.

Methyl salicylas.
Microcidine.

Monobrom acetanilid.
Naphthol.

Naphthaline tetrachlo-
ride.

Nosophen.

392

ANTISEPTICS.

Orphol.

Orthoform.
Oxynaphtholic acid.
Paraformic-aldehyde.
Phenosalyl.

Piperonal.

Pixine.

Pyoktannin.

Pyridine.

Pyrodin.

Resorcine.

Resorcinol.

Retinol.

Saccharum.

Sal acetol.

Saligenin.

Salitannol.

Salol.

Salophen.

Salumin.

Sanitas oil and fluid.
Sanitary wood, wool,
wadding-.

Sanoform.

Sodii paracresotas.
Sodii sulphis.

Do. sulpho-carbolas.
Solutal.

Solveal.

Sozal.

Sozoiodol mercury.
Do. potassium.

Sozoiodol sodium^.

Do. zinc.
Sulphaminol.
Tannoform.
Terebenum.

Thalline sulphate.
Thallinse periodidum.
Thalline periodosul-
phate.

Thioform.

Thiophene-di-iodidi.

Thiosinamine.

Vinegar.

Xeroform.

Antisialics, Antisialagogues. — These are agents which diminish the secretion
ot salivary glands. Some of them act by paralyzing the terminal ends of the
nerves of secretion ; others by diminishing the supply of blood to the glands ;
others again by lessening the reflex excitability of the nerve centres, and a
majority of them by diminishing the secretion directly.

Acids (internally and as gargle). Plumbi acetas and alum (as a mouth-

Alcohol diluted (as a gargle). wash).

Alum with plumbi acetas and myrrh Potassium iodide (used with care).

(i in 40) as gargle.

Beta naphthol.

Borax and glycerin (locally).

Brandy and water (as a gargle).

Chlorinated lime or soda if much
foetor in the mouth.

Cotoin.

Creosote.

Iodine tincture 2 drs. to 8 ozs. of water
(as a gargle).

Antispasmodics. — These are agents which prevent, relieve or control morbid
spasms of voluntary and involuntary muscles in any part of the body. Their
mode of action varies. Some of them act by controlling spasms, by tonic stimula-
tion of the higher nervous centres, the co-ordinating power and the circulation ;
others act by depressing the motor centres ; others again act by paralyzing the
end organs of the vasomotor nerves. A few antispasmodics depress all the vital
functions. A number of them stimulate muscular fibres of the bowels and assist
in expelling accumulated gases.

Do. bromide with hyoscyamus

and belladonna (in sali-
vation of pregnancy).

Do. chlorate as gargle and in-

ternally.

Sodii chloras.

Stimulants.

Zinc chloride (2 grs. to 1 oz. locally).

Alcohol.

Ambergris.

Ammonium valerianate.
Amylene hydrate.
Aniline camphorate.
Antispasmin.

Arsenic.

Benzene.

Bisulphide of arsenic.
Bromalin.

Bromides.

Bromoform.

Castoreum.

Celerina.

Chloral hydrate.
Chloroform.

ANTIZYMOTICS.

39 3

Cochineal.
Copper salts.
Creosote.
Erythrol nitras.
Ether.

Do. aceticus.
Ethyl bromide.
Goruchana.
Musk.

Nitrites.

Paraldehyde.
Potassium cyanide.
Resorcin.

Sodii fluoridum.

Do. nitris.
Sulphonal.

Viverra civetta.
Zinci bromidum.

Do. oxidum.

Do. sulphas.

Do. valerianas.

Nitroglycerin.

Antizymotics. — These are medicinal agents which arrest fermentative pro-
cesses, either by destroying or rendering inactive the causative ferments.
Fermentation is a process of decomposition, due to a certain group of carbon
compounds, known as ferments, acting upon other carbon compounds and set-
ting free elementary constituents of the latter, which form a third group of
carbon compounds by the re-arrangement of the freed molecules.

The ferments producing these changes are either enzymes or unorganized
ferments as diastase, ptyalin, pepsine, &c., and the organized ferments as
yeast, bacteria &c.

Antizymotics include antiseptics and disinfectants.

Aphrodisiacs. — These are drugs having the properties of stimulating the
sexual appetite and increasing the power. Their action may be direct or reflex
on the cerebral or the spinal genital centres.

They include bitter tonics, blood tonics and nervine tonics. All food tonics
by promoting general bodily nutrition act as indirect aphrodisiacs.

Abrak.

Acid phosphoric dilute io ms. with
pulvis cantharis, £ gr.

Alcohol to excite genital centre in the
brain.

Antipyrin in sexual exhaustion.
Antispasmin.

Arsenic (in relaxed state of the geni-
tals).

Auri et sodii chloridi (in impotence).
Barii chloridum liquor (internally).
Bitumen.

Bromo-haemol.

Calcii glycero-phosphas.

Cantharis.

Chloral hydrate.

Diet meat.

Ferrum arsenate (in functional cases).
Gold bhasm.

Gold chloride (in the decline of sexual
power).

Hypophosphites of lime and soda.

Iron with cantharis.

Iron chloride tincture.

Musk.

Mylabris chichorii.

Oyster shells.

Pearls.

Phosphorus pills.

Phosphorus with cantharis.

Potassium bromide(asa sedativein irri-
tability of the urino-genital organs.)
Silver nitrate solution 30 grs. to 1
oz. of water with opium applied
to the perineum and to the prostate
through the urethra.

Silver oxide.

Sang-i-sar-i-mahi.

Spermin.

Vangashwar Rasa.

Viverra civetta.

Zinc phosphate.

Zinc phosphide.

Zebetha.

Astringents.— These are agents which contract muscular fibres and condense
other tissues. They also lessen or control excessive or abnormal secretion of

394

ASTRINGENTS'.

the mucous membranes. Their action may be local or remote and constitutional*
Local astring-ents cause direct irritation by affecting- the part to which they
are applied, thus causing contraction of the muscular fibres. Remote astrin-^
gents act on the internal organs through the blood. They produce certain
changes in the character of the blood and the secretions, by precipitating
albumen and gelatin and thus cause condensation of the tissues.

Abrak bhasm.

Abrasham.

Acid chromic.

Do. lactic (intestinal).
Do. nitric dilute.

Do. trichlor acetic
(local).

Alcohol.

Alumen exsiccatum.
Aluminii acetas (intes-
tinal).

Do. chloridum (local).
A-lum in ol.

Aluminium aceto-tartrate
Do. boroformate.

Do. sulphate.

Argentamine.

Bandharo.

Bezoar stone.

Bismal.

Bismuth salts.

Do. naphthalate (in-
testinal).

Bismuthi et ammonii ci-
tratis liquor (intestinal)
Bole, Armenian.

Boral.

Cadmium salicylas (in-
testinal).

Do. sulphate (in-
testinal).

Calcii boras.

Do. carbonas praeci-
pitatus.

Do. salicylas.

Do. sulphas.

Calcii sulphopbenas.
Copper a.rsenate (intesti-
nal).

Do. sulphate.
Creosal.

Creta. preparata.

Cutol.

Dermatol.

Elephant’s teeth*

Ferri alumen.

Do. et ammonii citras.
Do. perchloridum.

Do. pernitratis.

Do. salicylas.

Do. subsulphas.

Gallal.

Gil-i-Abrorshi.

Gil-i-far.

Gil-i-surkh.

Geru matti,

Gul-e-armani.

Gul-e-Multani.

Lead bhasm (intestinal).
Liquor calcis.

Liquor ferri pernitratis.
Litharge.

Loha bhasm.

Magnesium silicate.
Mica,

Milk somatose.

Multani mati*

Nag bhasm.

Ochre.

Orphol.

Pakhanbhed.

Ratanjote.

Rupa bhasm.

Plumbi acetas (intestinal)

Do.

carbonas

do.

Do.

oxidum

do.

Do.

stearas

do*

Samber singadun.
Sangjirun.

Silicon.

Silver dioxide*

Do. lactate.

Do. nitrate*

Soapstone.

Stag’s horn.

Sona geru.

Tannal bin.

Tannegen.

Tar.ocal.

Tannoform.

Tannone
Venetiar talc.

Water glass.

Yellow ochre.

Zeher morah.

Zeroform.

Zinci acetas.

Do. oxidum.

Do. carbonas (intesti-
nal).

Do. permanganas.

Do. sozoidol.

Do. subgallas.

Do. sulphas.

Do. sulpho-carbolas.

Purvalan bhasm.

Carminatives.— -These are feeble exhilerants and diffusible stimulants both of
the bodily and mental faculties, producing a sensation of warmth throughout the
body and exhilaration of spirits. But their chief value lies in their property of
expelling gases from the stomach and intestines by increasing and regulating
peristalsis and by relaxing the muscular fibres of the gastric orifices. They
are used as very valuable adjuncts to purgatives to prevent griping.

Alcohols Carbo ligni. Sonchol.

Aromatic oils. Chloroform, Spirits.

Aromatics. Ethers*

CATHARTICS OR PURGATIVES.

395

Cathartics or Purgatives. — These form a group of remedial agents which
relieve constipation or increase the quantity and frequency of stools.

They are divided into several classes according to the intensity of their
action or to the mode of their operation, viz., laxatives or aperients, simple
purgatives, drastic purgatives, saline purgatives, hydragogues and cholagogues.

Aperients or Laxatives. — These are the mildest cathartics producing one

or two softened stools, causing moderate peristalsis and acting without any
irritation.

Simple Purgatives. — These purgatives are more violent in their action than
aperients, though they probably act in a similar manner. They produce greater
number of motions which are more fluid and larger than those produced by
aperients. Peristalsis is also more active, causing griping, and there is some sort
of irritation.

Ammonium chloride (m

Honey.

Soap.

biliousness and consti-

Hydrargyrum cum

Sodii chloridum,

pation).

creta.

pure.

Antimonii oxidum.

Magnesia.

Do. sulphovinas,

Castor oil.

Oat meal.

Sulphur.

Fel bovis.

Olive oil.

Yolk of egg.

Glycerin.

Pilula hydrargyri.

Drastic Purgatives. — These are drugs which are still more violent than
simple purgatives, and in large doses act as irritant poisons. In medicinal doses
they produce a large number of copious stools of a fluid character. The grip-
ing is more severe and there is considerable gurgling with tenesmus.

Saline Purgatives or Salines. — These form a group of purgatives consist-
ing mostly of neutral salts of alkaline metals. They act by increasing fluid
secretion of the intestines, by stimulating the intestinal glands, and thereby
producing large watery stools. They also increase peristalsis. They should
be well diluted before giving.

Alum.

Oxgall.

Sodium phosphate.

Calomel.

Panch lavana.

Do. and potassium

Citrate of magnesium.

Potassium tartrate.

tartrate.

Glycerin.

Do. bitartrate.

Do. sulphate.

Magnesium sulphate.

Rock salt.

Mercury.

Sodium chloride.

Hydragogue Purgatives.-

— These combine the action of salines and drastic

purgatives and are more violent than both. They

remove a large quantity of

water from the intestinal vessels and are very useful

in dropsy and congestion

of various organs.

Calomel.

Potassium bitartrate.

Sodium sulphate.

Magnesii sulphas.

Do. sulphate,

Waters — Friedrichshall,

Mercury with chalk.

Salines in large doses.

Hunyadi Janos, Carls-

Pil. hydrargyri.

Sodium phosphate.

bad, &c.

Cholagogues. — These purgatives are similar in action to drastic or saline
purgatives, but they act upon the biliary secretion, removing the bile from

396

DELIRIANTS.

the duodenum and thus preventing its re-absorption into the portal circula-
tion. The motions are large, generally of a green colour and liquid in char-
acter- Drastic purgatives and salines are more or less cholagogues in small
doses —

Alumen exiccatum.
Ammonii phosphas.
Calomel.

Eunatrol.

Ichha bhedi rasa. Mistura magnesia et

Magnesii carbonas levis. asafoetida.

Do. do. pon-

derosa.

Deliriants. — These form a group of narcotics, disturbing principally the higher
functions of the brain. Under their influence, the mind gets confused and disor*
dered, there is, later on, loss of will power and incoherent talk, amounting in
some cases to delirium and producing in some cases even convulsions. Many
drugs, which in small and medicinal doses are valuable sedatives and stimulants,
act as deliriants in large and toxic doses.

Alcohol. Eau de cologne.

Chloral. Ether.

Chloroform. Nitrous oxide gas.

Demulcents and Emollients. — These are substances usually of an oleaginous or
mucilaginous nature and soothe and protect the parts to which they are applied.
They are called demulcents when they are employed to act upon mucous mem-
branes ; and emollients when applied to the skin. They act by softening and
relaxing the tissues to which they are applied, thereby relieving tension,
protecting the inflamed and irritated surfaces from the action of the air and from
friction. Emollients, when rubbed on the skin, act by dilating the vessels and
diminishing pressure on the nerves.

Acid oleic.

Emol.

Sapo mollis.

Do. stearic.

Fat.

Sevum praeparatum.

Adeps.

Fossil encrinite.

Sang-i-yahud bhasm.

Do. benzoas.

Fresh liver oil.

Sang-i-yashin.

Albuminous substances.

Gelatine.

Sodium sulpho recinoleas

Bismuth oleas.

Ghee.

Spermaceti.

Bland oils.

Glycerin.

Stearate of zinc.

Butter.

Honey,

Do. of copper.

Calf’s feet jelly.

Ichthyocolla.

Turtle oil.

Cera alba.

Isinglass.

Warm water.

Cetaccum.

Kaoiin.

Wax.

Cod-liver oil.

Petroleum.

White of egg.

Chondrin.

Rockoil.

Dental Anodynes. — These solutions are applied on a plaget of cotton and
used for the purpose of relieving pain in toothache, due to caries of tooth
exposing a nerve filament.

Carbolic acid. Creasote.

Chioral. Potassium chlorate.

Dentifrices. — These are powders or pastes used for the purpose of cleansing
the teeth and gums. To be effective they should be rubbed with a brush.
Some have only a mechanical action, while others act chemically by preventing

DEODORANTS.

397

decomposition and acid fermentation of food-stuffs lodged between the teeth,
which injure the dentine and give a foul taste and smell to the mouth. Hence
most powders and pastes are combination of drugs which have a mechanical
action and are antiseptics and stimulants as well.

Acid boracis with tine- Beta naphthol.

ture of myrrh as a Calcium carbonate pre-
wash. cipitate.

Acid carbolic as an anti- Chalk used for its me-
septic to prevent acid chanical action and

fermentation of food its alkaline quality,

products remaining
between the teeth.

Creta preparata with
magnesia carbonate
and sodium salicylate.

Potassium chlorate.

Sodium fluosilicate.

Do. salicylate and
tincture of myrrh (as
mouth wash).

Formula — Antiseptic Dentrifrice. — Boracic acid 40, potassii
creta preparata 60, guaiacae pulv. 20, magnes. carbonas 200.
powder.

Deodorants. — These are substances which destroy foul smells,
deodorants are chiefly oxidizing and deoxidizing substances,
cally on the effluvia or obnoxious gases. The non-volatile
absorbents. They condense and decompose the effluvia,
may not be antiseptics or disinfectants —

Acid boric.

Do. carbolic.

Do. chromic (oxidized).
Do. nitrous.

Do. sulphurous gas.
Aluminii sulphas.
Aluminium chloride.
Ammon persulphate.
Argentol.

Aseptol.

Borates.

Bromine.

Burnett’s fluid (zinc
chloride).

Calcium bisulphate.

Do. permanganate.
Charcoal.

Chlorine water.

Condy’s fluid.

Chinolin-sulpho-cyanas.

Chinosol.

Chlorinated soda solu-
tion.

Coffee.

Creolin.

Cresin.

Diaphtherin.

Earth.

Eucalyptus oil.
Eucalyptol.

Eurobin.

Fluorides.

Ferrous sulphate.
Formalin as spray or
dropping it hot on hot
plate used as fumiga-
tion.

Formaldehyde.

Formazol.

Glycozone.

Heat (250° F.).
Hydrogen dioxide.

chlorate 30,
Used as tooth

Volatile
They act chemi-
deodorants are
Deodorants may or

Ledoyan’s disinfecting
fluid.

Lime chlorinated.

Do. wash (freshly
burnt).

Listerine.

Loretin.

Lysol.

Mercury bichloride (1 in
1,000) (solution).
Ozonic ether.

Plumbi nitras.

Potassium bichromate.
Do. chloras.

Do. permanga-
nate.

Pyrozone.

Sanitas.

Sozoiodol salts.

Thymol.

Formula. — Zinc sulphate 16 ozs., sulphuric acid 1 dr., indigo blue 1 gr. Mix.
A table spoonful to be added to the excreta to remove foetor from the faeces
to sterilize it.

De-oxidizers. — Reducing agents.

Eugallol. Ichthyol.

Euresol. Lanigallol.

Eurobin. Naphthalin.

Resorcin.

Saligallol.

Starch.

depilatories.

39«

Depilatories are remedies which remove the hair.

Arsenic yellow sulphide.
Ashes from firewood.
Barium sulphide.
Calcium oxide.

Calx sulphurata.
Cautery.

Cuprisulphate, ferri sul-
phate.

Hair dyes^contain potas-
sium permanganate,
pyrogallic acid, black
oxide of lead, black
oxide of silver).

Hydrogen dioxide.
Iodine.

Mercury bichloride.
Quick lime.

Silver nitrate.
Sodium ethylate.

Depressants. — These are substances which lower the functional activity of
any particular organ. The principal depressants are —

Cerebral Depressants. — These lower or suspend the functions of the cerebrum
after a preliminary stage of excitement, producing sleep or loss of conscious-
ness, and impairment of sensibility to impressions from outside, and lowering
general excitability. They act on the cells of the convolutions.

Acid carbolic.
Anaesthetics.

Analgesics.

Antispasmodics (several)
Bromide of ammonium.
Bromipin.

Bromo camphor.
Bromoform-
Chloral hydrate.

Chloroform.

Cold.

Croton chloral.
Ether.

Ethyl bromide.
Galvanism.
Gold bromide.
Hypnotics.
Isobutyl nitrite.

Methyl compounds.
Narcotics.
Nitro-glycerin.
Potassium cyanide.

Do. iodide.
Sedatives.

Zinc salts.

Hepatic Depressants. — These lower the hepatic functions, some by diminish-
ing biliary secretion, some by lessening the production of glycogen, and others
by reducing the amount of urea. Some purgatives, which remove a large quan-
tity of fluid from the intestines, act as hepatic depressants as they diminish
biliary secretion by lowering the blood pressure in the liver, as well as remove
certain bile-producing materials.

Those which lessen the secretion of bile without producing purgative
effects.

Alcohol. Chloral.

Calomel. Lead acetate.

Chalogogues. Magnesium sulphate.

Purgatives lower blood-pressure in the liver and carry off materials from
which bile may be formed.

Those which lessen the production of urea as alcohol.

Those which lessen the production of glycogen.

Antimony. Arsenic. Phosphorus.

Motor Depressants or Spinal Sedatives. — These agents depress the func-
tional activity of the various parts of the motor apparatus, which includes
the spinal cord, cerebral (motor) convolutions, the motor centres in the
medulla, the motor nerve trunks, and the motor nerve end organs. Drugs
which depress general muscular contractility are also motor depressants.
When given in large doses they lead to complete paralysis of the motor
apparatus.

Spinal Sedatives —

Antimonium tartratum. Bromipin.

Potassium bromide.

DESICCANTS.

399

Uterine Depressants. — These lower the uterine function by preventing- uterine
contraction through their depressant influence on the muscles and the nerve
supply of the uterus.

Apiolum. Chloroform.

Bromides. Emetics.

Chloral. Sulphate of copper.

Desiccants. — These are agents, which when applied to open wounds or to
injured parts, form with the discharge a thick coating of the nature of a scab,
thereby protecting them from the surrounding external influences. When of the
nature of powders they are known as desiccants.

Acidum hydr.-iodicum.
Adrenal extract.
Alabaster.

Aluminii hydras.

Bole armenian.
Bone-marrow glycerin
exract-

Boric powder.

Calcii sulphas exiccatus.
Calx chlorinata.
Cerebrin.

Cimolite.

Cobwebs.

Collodion.

Cotton.

Creta preparata.

Dermatol.

Emol.

Fowler’s earth.

French chalk.

Ghabhan.

Gil-i-abrashi.

Gil'i-makhtum.

Do. Multani-
Gopichandan.
Gul-i-abrorshi.
Guttapercha,

Gypsum.

Hydrargyri naphtholi-
cum.

Ichthargan.

Kaolin.

Kieselghur.

Meerschaum.

Ovarian extract.
Panisok.

Plumbi carbonas.

Do. stearas.
Sangjirum.

Sodii iodidum.

Splenic fluid extract.
Supra renal gland ex-
tract.

Talc.

Thymolite.

Thymus gland.

Zehar morah.

Zinc oleate.

Diaphoretics and Sudorifics. — These are remedies which produce or increase
perspiration by stimulating the action of the sweat glands. Diaphoretics are
milder in action than sudorifics, the latter term being used when perspiration
produced is excessive. They are divided into (a) simple diaphoretics. These
produce perspiration by simply stimulating the sweat glands, and without pro-
ducing much effect on the circulation. Qb) Nauseating diaphoretics. They, to a
certain extent, depress the circulation by dilating the superficial capillaries of
the skin. Qc) Refrigerant diaphoretics. They are supposed to produce the
effect by acting upon the sweat centres in the medulla and spinal cord.

Simple Diaphoretics —

Acid salicylic.

Alcohol.

Ammonii acetatis liquor.
Do. carbonas-
Do. citras.

Antipyrin.

Mercurial preparations.
Potassium citrate.

Do. nitrate.

Sodii nitris.

Sodii salicvlas.
Sodium benzoate.

Do. nitrate.
Sulphurated potash.

Nauseating Diaphoretics —

Antimonii oxidum.

Do. sulphuratum.
Ether.

Muscarine.

Nitrous ether.
Potassium nitrate.
Tartar emetic.
Turkish bath.

Refrigerant Diaphoretics—

Alcohol. Ether.

Chloroform. Nitrous ether.

Vapour bath.
Warm drinks.

Wet pack.
Potassium nitrate.

Potassium salts.

400

DIGESTIVES.

External remedies —

Hot vapour to the skin. Warmth to the surface.

Warm diluents.

Digestives.— -These are substances which increase the digestive powers of the
stomach and intestines or directly contribute to the digestion of food in those
organs by their chemical actions.

Acid hydrochloric dilute. Extract of malt.

Do. lactic dilute. Hsematirt albumen.

Bynin. Ingluvin.

Byno hoemoglobin. Lacto peptine.

Do. hypophosphites. Orexine tannate.

Diastase of malt. Pancreatin.

Papain.

Pepsin and its
rations.
Ptyalin.

prepa-

Diluents. — When the system is charged with waste materials in a concentrated
form and irritation is produced, certain inert fluids are administered with a view
to increase the volume of the excretory fluids, so that more of the waste products
may be held in solution or suspension and so be easily eliminated. The
diluents are —

Acid drinks. Plain water.

Barley water. Tea.

Discutients, Resolvents or Sorbefacients.— These are agents which stimulate
the lymphatic system to increased activity, thereby causing the disappearance
or removal of morbid or inflammatory products. They also promote absorption
or imbibition of medicines and nutritive materials into the system.

Acid perosmic.

Auri et sodii chloridum.
Barium iodide.
Cadmium iodide.
Counter-irritation.

Ferri bromidum.
Galvanism.

Gold bhasm.

Hot water bath.
Ichthalbin.

Ichthyol.

Iodides.

Iodin.

Iodipin.

Iodol.

Iodo hsemol.
Lanolin.

Malto pepsin.
Massage.
Mercurial oleate.

Oleic acid.

Pancreatin.

Pepsin.

Plumbi iodidum.

Do. nitras.
Poultices.

Sodii hippuras.

Do. nitras.
Sozoiodol salts.
Vapour bath.

Disinfectants. — These are antiseptics used for the purpose of destroying, of
arresting the development of, pathogenic germs of infectious diseases. Some
are oxidizing agents ; others form simple combination with albumen, or by
chemical combinations form substitution compounds. Some again arrest mole-
cular changes or alter the media in which the germs develop. All disinfect-
ants are antiseptics, but all antiseptics are not disinfectants.

Acid, boric.

Do. carbolic.
Do. nitrous.

Do. sulphurous.
Alcohol.

Alsol.

Aluminii sulphas.
Aseptol.

Benzo-naphthol.

Bismuth sulpho-carbo*
late.

Borates.

Borophenol.

Bromine.

Calcium bisulphite.
Charcoal.

Chinosol.

Chlorinated soda
solution.
Do. lime.

Chlorine.

Creolin.

DisinfectoL

Eosote,

DIURETICS.

401

Eugenoform.

Ferrous sulphate.

Fluorides.

Formaldehyde.

Heat (250° F.).

Holcosol.

Hydrargyri et ammonii
chloridi.
Do. perchloridi.
Hydrogen peroxide.
Iodine.

Izal.

Kashisadi tel.

Pyoktannin*

Silver citrate.

Sodii fluoridum.

Do. fluosilicas.

Do. sulpho carbolas.
Do. sulphis.

Sodium naphtholate.
Sozoidol salts.
Thymol.

Trichlor phenol.

Zinc chloride.

Do. sulphate.

Lime, fresh.

Lysol.

Listerine.

Mercury bichloride.

Naphthol.

Naphthalene t e t r a-
chloride.

Nitrous acid.

Okol.

Paraformic aldehyde.

Potassium bichromate.

Do. permanganate.

Do. sulphas.

Diuretics. — These are agents which stimulate the flow or increase the quantity
of urine. They are administered with a view to remove fluid from the tissues
and cavities of the body as in dropsies, to promote elimination of irritating
substances such as waste products and other poisons from the system, to main-
tain the action of the kidneys, to dilute the urine and to alter its morbid condi-
tion. They also act in different ways. Some act through the circulation by
increasing the action of the heart, or by contracting the intestinal and other
vessels all over the body, thereby raising the local or general blood-pressure,
or by dilating renal vessels ; others act through the nervous system by stimulat-
ing the secreting cells or nerves of the kidneys ; others again act by flushing
the kidneys by large quantities of fluid or water taken at night or early morning.
Diuretics are divided into (a) Refrigerant or saline diuretics. — They act by
gently stimulating the renal cells and by increasing the blood-supply to the
kidneys. In moderate doses they relieve the heart and general circulation, by
removing some fluid from the body. But in large doses they depress the heart
and impoverish the blood. (£) Hydragogue Diuretics. — Their action is princi-
pally through the circulation. They increase the blood-pressure by stimulating
the heart to a more vigorous action or by dilating the afferent and contracting
the efferent vessels. They increase the quantity of urine more than simple
diuretics. ( c ) Stimulant Diuretics. — These are irritants acting directly upon
the renal tissues. As they are generally eliminated by the kidney, they require
to be used with caution. In small doses they increase the blood pressure in the
kidneys by dilating the afferent blood vessels and thus increase the quantity of
urine. But in large doses they irritate the renal cells, lower the blood-pressure
by contracting these vessels and produce scanty and high-coloured urine. In
still larger doses they produce inflammation of the renal epithelium, the urine
becomes bloody and albuminous, and sometimes even suppressed.

Acid carbonic ( r e f r i - Calomel-hydr agogue Hydrargyri perchiori-

diuretic.

Cantharides.

Carbamide urea.

Cardin.

Depletion from loins.

Diuretin — I n ren? 1

dropsy.

Ferri perchloride liquor.

Ferri iodidum.

Formin.

gerant).

Do. hydrobromic dilute.
Alcohol.

Ammonium acetate
(refrigerant).
Antiarthrin.

Barium sulphide.
Bitumen.

Calcium chloride
(refrigerant).

dum.

Hydragogues.

Iodides.

Iodo-caffeine.

Liquor potassae.

Lithia carbonas.

Do. citras (refriger-
ant).

Lithii benzoas.

Do. salicylas.

402

ECBOLICS— OXYTOCICS.

Lycetol.

Lysidine.

Magnesium s u 1 p h a te
(refrigerant).
Do. citrate
(refrigerant.)

Methyl salicylas.

Milk (as refrigerant).
Nasrol.

Nitrites (hydragogue).
Nitrous ether (hydra-
gogue).

Paraldehyde.

Piperazine.

Potassii acetas (refriger-
ant).

Potassii chloras.

Do. citras (refriger-
ant).

Do. nitras (refriger-
ant).

Do. tartras acidus
(refrigerant).
Potassium chloride (as
refrigerant).

Soda tartarata.

Sodii citro-tartras.

Do. hippuras.

Do. phosphas.

Do. tauro-cholas.
Sodium chloride (refri*
gerant).

Sodium acetate (refri-
gerant).

Do. boro b e n z o-
ate.

Do. chlorate (refrr
gerant).

Strontii lactas.

Sugar of milk (hydra-
gogue).

Terpinol.

Ulexine.

Urea (stimulant).
Uropherin.

Urotropine.

External remedies —

Alkaline mineral waters. Cold to the region of pubes.

Counter-irritation to the loins.

Ecbolics— Oxytocics -Abortifacients-Uterine excitants. — These are agents
which act by stimulating the muscular fibres of the gravid uterus to contraction.
They act like emmenagogues when given in small doses. Some are supposed
to act by directly stimulating the uterine centre in the cord, others by a sort

of reflex action leading to Contraction of the uterus.

Acid salicylic.

Glycerin and vinegar

Potassium permanga-

Aurum chloride (to pre-

tampon to the Os (to

nate.

vent tendency in habi-

hasten abortion and to

Purgatives.

tual cases).

check hmmorrhage).

Stypticin.

Borax.

Iron with potassium

Curette (to hasten abor-

chlorate (during preg-

tion).

nancy if fatty degener-

Emetics (in threatened

ation of the placenta

cases).

previously existed).

Emetics. — These are agents which produce vomiting either by direct stimula-
tion and irritation of the vomiting center in the medulla or by reflex irritation of
the same through the direct irritation of the end organs of the gastric, oesopha-
geal or pharyngeal nerves. The former are called the general or systematic
emetics, and the latter are called local emetics.

Alum (repeated doses, Carbonate of ammoni-
as a local gastric se- um.
dative). Hydrargyri oxysulphas.

Antimony sulphide. Do. sub-sulphas.

Do oxide. Plumbi acetas.

Do. potassio tart Potas bichromate,
(general).

Sulphate of copper.

Do. zinc.

Sodium chloride.
Tittilation of the fauces.
Tepid water (in quan-
tity).

Emmenagogues. — These are remedies which increase the scanty flow ofr or
restore, suppressed menstruation. They produce their effect either by directly
exciting or increasing contraction of the uterus by acting on the muscular

ERRHINES AND STERNUTATORIES.

403

fibres or indirectly by improving the quality of blood and increasing the tone
of the nervous system.

Acid, oxalic (direct).

Alcohol.

Ammonium chloride (in-
direct).

Argenti nitras (locally
to the os).

Arsenic with iron (in
anaemia of the uterus
and ovaries).

Aurum chloride.

Borax (direct in small
doses).

Cantharides.

Carbon bisulphide (in-
direct).

External Measures —

Electricity to the hypo-
gastrium.

Leeches to the genitals.

Massage.

Milk diet.

Codliver oil.

Fel bovis.

Ferri iodidum (indirect).

Do. peroxidum.

Ferrum redactum.

Gold salts (in torpor).
Hydrargyri bichloridi.
Do. bin iodidi

(direct).

Do. chloridum.

Iodum.

Iron chloride.

Kashisadi tel.
Manganese salts (in-
direct).

Baths.

Fresh air.

Hip-baths hot with mus-
tard.

Ice bag to the spine.

Manganese dioxide and
other salts.

Orchitic fluid extract
( indirect).

Oxalic acid.

Potassium bromide.

Do. iodide.

Do. permanga-
nate (if due to cold).

Salicylate of soda (indi-
rect).

Silver, nitrate (locally to
the os).

Sodium biborate.

Tonics.

Rubefacients to the
thighs.

Formula. — Liquor hydrargyri perchloridi, 1 oz. ; potassii iodidi, 30 grs. ;
ferri et ammonias citras, 1 dr. ; spiritus chloroformi, 2 drs. ; aqua, 8 ozs. Dose
— 4 to 6 drs.

Errhines and Sternutatories. — Those drugs which, when topically applied to
the mucous membrane of the nose stimulate it to increased secretion, are called
errhines ; while those drugs which by reflex action on the fifth nerve, in addition,
produce sneezing are called sternutatories. The drugs are generally applied
as snuff in a state of fine powder.

Arsenic liquor (a drop Iodipin. Pressure beneath nose.

into the nose). Orthoform. Suprarenal tablets.

Iodine inhalation. Potassium iodide(io grs.)

Escharotics or Caustics. — These are agents which destroy a tissue to which
they may be applied and cause a slough. They act either by abstracting
water of the tissues, by combining with the albumen of the tissue or by a cor-
rosive deoxidation of the tissues and by conversion of the tissues into carbon and
gaseous bodies.

Acid acetic glaciale.
Do. arsenious.

Do. carbolic.

Do. chromic.

Do. fluoricum.

Do. hydrochloric.

Acid lactic.

Do. trichloracetic.
Alumen exsiccata (com-
bine with albumen of
the tissues).

Antimony chloride.

Argent nitras (combine
with albumen of the
tissues).

Auri et sodii chloridi.
Bromine.

Bromoform.

404

CILIARY EXCITANTS.

Cadmium.

Calcii hydras (abstract
water).

Calcii carbidum.

Caustic paste.

Caustic potash, lime or
soda.

Cautery (convert tissues
into carbon).

Copper nitrate.

Do, sulphate (com-
bine with albumen of
the tissues).

Creosote, caustic.

Cupri oleas.

Cupri subacetas.

Hydrargyri iodidum rub-
rum.

Hydrargyri oxidum rub-
rum (com-
bine with al-
bumen of the
tissues.

Do. perchloridum
(combine
with albumen
oft he tissues).

High heat.

Iodi terchloridi.

Iodine.

Jangal (piles).

Mineral acids (abstract
water).

Oleatum arsenici.

Paraform (cautery).

Phenosalyl.

Potassa cum-calc.
Potassii bichromas.
Resorcin.

Sodium ethylate liquor.

Do. hydroxide.
Water, boiling.

Zinc chloride (combine
with albumen of
the tissues).

Do. nitras.

Do. sulphate (combine
with albumen of the
tissues).

Formula — Caustic paste.— Contains dry flour 112, amylum 12, zinc chloride
10, hydrargyri perchloride 10, iodol 10, acid carbolic crystals Jo, croton chloral
io, camphor bromide 10. A powerful antiseptic and haemostatic application,
forming a hard and well defined eschar.

Ciliary Excitants.— So called from their action on the cilia of the respiratory
tract. These drugs when allowed to dissolve in the mouth promote expectora-
tion and render it more fluid. Their action seems to be direct and topical, but
under certain circumstances it may be of a reflex character.

Ammonium chloride. Potassium chlorate. Sodium chloride.

Exhilerants. — These include a class of stimulants, causing an exaltation of
spirits by stimulating the brain and the heart, and thereby giving a sensation of
buoyancy to the whole system. Pushed further, they cause intoxication, and
are then called inebriants. Their effects are only short lived.

Acetic ether. Brandy and whisky). Wine.

Alcohol (in the form of Chloroform,

distilled spirit as Ether.

Expectorants. — These are agents which soothe the respiratory mucous
membranes, modify the bronchio pulmonary secretions and aid their expulsion.
Stimulant expectorants are those which stimulate the bronchial mucous mem-
brane from which they are largely eliminated. They modify or alter the bron-
chial secretion, rendering it thinner and thus accelerating its expulsion. They
generally diminish secretion and increase blood pressure.

Nauseaing- Expecorans. — These when given in large doses act mechanically
and expel the mucus in the act of vomiting. In small doses they increase
osmosis from the inflamed mucous membrane and thus increase the secretion.
Some expectorants act by relieving spasm of the bronchi, while others act as
sedative and soothe the irritated and dry respiratory centre.

Acid, carbolic. Ammonium carbonate Ammonium salicylate.

Alkalies. (stimulant). Antikamnia.

Ammonise benzoas. Do. chloride (sti- Antimony potassium

Ammonol. mulants). tartras (nauseating).

GALACTAGOGUES — LACTAGOGUES.

405

Antimony oxidum.

Ether.

Pyridine.

Borax.

Iodine (vapour).

Sulphur.

Chloral.

Mineral acids (stimulat-

Saccharine substances.

Ciliary excitants.

ing)-

Creosote vapour.

Potassium iodide.

Galactagogues — Lactagogues. — These are agents which increase the secre-
tion of milk. Some are applied externally, while others are given internally.
Generally those remedial agents which increase the tone of the general system
also act as galactagogues.

Acid lactic.

Alum (in powder with
milk).

Ammonium muriate and
potassium iodide (1 in
20) (as compresses)-

Antipyrin.

Beer.

External Remedies —

Breast pump.

Compression of the
age or strapping.

Chloral hydrate.
Glycerin phosphates.
Hypophosphites.
Iodine.

Iron.

Mercury.

Porter.

Potassium acetate.

Potassium bromide.
Do. bisulphate.
Do. chlorate.

Do. iodide.

Do. nitrate.

Do. sulphas.

Quinine tannate.

Electricity.

Cupping.

breast by band-

Galactophyga or Galactafuge. — These are agents or measures which diminish
the secretion of milk.

Haemostatics and Styptics. — These are agents which arrest bleeding. The
term haemostatics is reserved for those which are administered internally,
while styptics act locally. Styptics generally act mechanically by producing
a clot which blocks up the mouth of the bleeding vessel or by causing the
blood vessel to contract.

Acid acetic.

Do. chromic.

Do. pyrogallic.
Do. sulphuric dil.
Do. trichloracetic.
Adrenal extract.
Alumen oleas.
Antipyrin.
Chloroform.
Collodion styptic.
Creolin.

External Remedies —
Cauterization.

Creosote.

Egg-shell ash.

Ferri et ammonii sul-
phas.

Do. et quininae chlori-
dum.

Ferri perchloride.

Do. sulphate.

Do. subsulphate.
Ferropyrin.
Ferrostypine.

Cold (locally).

Formanilide.

Gil-i-makhtum.

Ichthyol.

Lead acetate.
Manganese sulphate.
Potassii succinas.
Sangjirun.

Silver nitrate.
Stypticin.

Heat (locally).

Spider’s web.

Hypnotics and Soporifics. — These are agents which have the property of
producing normal sleep without disturbing the mental faculties or suspending
consciousness to pain. In a broad sense they include narcotics and general
anaesthetics. Narcotics also produce sleep, but they disturb normal relationship
of the mental faculties to outside influence and cause loss of consciousness to
pain ; hypnotics, given in large doses, or pushed too far, produce toxic effects
and act as poisons.

406

IRRITANTS AND COUNTER-IRRITANTS.

Hypnotics are divided into pure or direct hypnotics, indirect hypnotics and
narco-hypnotics.

Pure or direct hypnotics. — They produce normal sleep, without any narcotic
or dangerous cerebral symptoms.

Narco-hypnotics induce sleep by causing- depression of the cerebral functions.
In large doses they act as narcotics, suspend consciousness of pain and produce
coma.

Indirect hypnotics produce sleep by removing or suppressing any cause
which may lead to insomnia. These include non-narcotic analgesics which
remove pain ; respiratory stimulants which remove or relieve dyspnoea ;
pulmonary sedatives which relieve cough ; motor depressants which relieve
motor activity when in excess ; and cardiac tonics which regulate the heart and
antagonize cerebral hyperaemia.

Acetanilid (narcotic Bromidia.

Bromine salts.

Butyl chloral.

Camphor chloral.

Chloral hydrate (most

analgesic).

Aceto-phenone.

Acetol.

Akolethe.

Methylal.
Meuphrosine.
Morphinae phthalas.
Paraldehyde.
Peronin.

Alcohol (narco-hypno-

efficient narco-

Phenacetin (nai

tic).

hypnotic).

analgesic).

Ammonium bromide.

Do. ammonia.

Phenalgin.

Amyl nitrite (tertiary).

Chloralamide.

Rubidii ammoniae

Do. valerianate.

Chloralose.

midum.

Amylene hydrate (nar-

Chlorobrom.

Sulphonal.

co-hypnotic).

Creosote.

Sulphonaldehyde.

Do. chloral.

Dionin.

Somnal.

Anti arthrin.

Duboisin.

Tetronal,

Antinervin.

Ether.

Trional.

Antipyrin (narcotic

Hedonal.

Uralium.

analgesic).

Heroin.

U rethane.

Antispasmin.

Hypno-acetin.

Bromal hydras.

Hypnol.

Bromides of potassium,

Hypnone.

sodium, lithium, zinc

Kryofin.

and magnesium (direct

Lactophenin.

or pure hypnotics).

Meta aldehyde.

bro-

Irritants and Counter-irritants. — Irritants are those agents and measures
which, when applied to the skin, cause more or less vascular excitement.
Counter-irritants. — These act by irritating the skin and producing reflex
influence in the deeper parts. Irritants are divided into two classes, according
to the intensity of their actions.

( a ) Rubefacients.— These agents, when rubbed over the skin, irritate it and
produce congestion and temporary redness, and thus subdue pain. If left too
long in contact with the skin, they cause vesication or exudation between the
cuticle and true skin, or destroy the tissue and form a slough (escharotic).

Acetone.

Acidum chromicum
(caustic).

Alcohol.

Alsal.

Alumen exsiccatum
(caustic).

Ammonia.

Amyloform.

Bromine.

Cadmium iodide.

Chloral hydrate.
Chlorine water.
Chloroform (when eva-
poration is prevented).

VESICANTS— EPISPASTICS — BLISTERS.

407

Ether (when evaporation
is prevented).
Eugallol.

Friction.

Hot water.

Iodine.
Kerosine-oil.
Lead iodide.
Liquor ammonias.
Mercury oleate.

Petroleum oil.

Volatile oils.

White of eggs (embro-
cation).

Zinc oleate.

Acid acetic glaciale.
Ammonias carbonas.
Boiling water.
Cantharidin.

Chloral hydrate.

Miloe trianthema.
Mylabris phalerata.
Mylabris punctum.
Silver nitrate.
Tartar emetic.

( b ) Vesicants — Epispastics — Blisters. — These are local stimulants which pro-
duce inflammation of the skin and effusion of serum between the epidermis and
derma. They are called pustulants when the effused product becomes converted
into pus. They bring about absorption of inflammatory exudation products and
restore suppressed discharges. Being depletory they cure internal troubles.

Vesicants— Pustulants.

Chlorine water.

Heat.

Iodine.

Liquor ammonias fortis.

Lytta violacea.

Narcotics. —These are agents which, when taken into the system, at first
excite the higher brain functions, increase the force of the mental faculties and
improve other functions of the body. This is soon followed by narcosis or
lowering of the functions of various portions of the brain. In medicinal doses
these agents are of great therapeutic value, as they impair or lower morbidly
acute perceptions, relieve spasm and pain, allay irritation, sooth nervous agita-
tion, produce rest, and induce profound sleep. In large or toxic doses the sleep
is followed by increasing stupor, coma, insensibility and death. Death may be
due to paralysis of the medullary centres affecting or controlling respiration or
other organic functions.

Chloral hydrate (to
soothe restlessness).

Chloroform (internally to
soothe restlessness).

Coca.

Cold sponging.

Creosote.

Cupro-haemol.

Electricity.

Ether.

Hypophosphites.

Massage.

Musk (in restlessness
due to uterine de-
rangements).

Parasiticides. — These are agents which have the effects of destrc ying the
parasites, both animal and vegetable, which infest the human body. They are
used as lotions, oleates or ointment.

Those agents which have the power to destroy germs are known as

germicides.

Carbolic acid. Gandhak tela.

Creosote. Hydrargyri zinco cyani-

Cupri sulphas. dum.

Euphorine. Iodine.

Gallanol. Losophan.

Acid carbolic.

Do. hydrobromic with
quinine.

Alcohol.

Ammonium chloride.

Amylene hydrate.

Antispasmin.

Antipyrin (to relieve

nervous irritation).

Argenti phosphas.

Bromide of potas-

sium.

Bromal hydrate.

Calcii chloridum.

Carbonic acid gas.

Orthoform.

Phenacetin.

Potassium b r o mi d e
(gives relief towhorry).

Potassium sulphate.

Resorcin (to calm gene-
ral nervous excitabili-
ty).

Rest.

Strontium bromide.

Supra-renal gland.

Solanin.

Sweet spirit of nitre.

Ural.

Zinc phosphate.

Ammoniated mercury.
Antinonin.

Argentamine ( g e r m i -
cide).

Benzol.

408

GERMICIDES,

Mercuric chloride.

Do. nitrate.

Do. oxide.
Naphthalene tetra-
chloride.

Germicides— Bactericide.

Acid acetic, dilute.

Do. cresylic.

Aminol.

Amyloform.

Chinolin.

Eugenoform.

Europhen.

Formaldelyde.

Petroleum.

Pyraloxin.

Sodii hyposulphis.
Sulphides.

Gallabromol,

Glycerin.

Hydrargyri iodidum
rubrum.

Do, oxycyanidum.
Ichthargen.

Iodophenin.

Izal.

Sulphur.

Do. iodide.
Sulphurous acid.

Largen.

Liquor calcis iodinata.
Naphthol.

Nosophen.

Okal.

Phenalgin protargol.
Silver citrate.

Sodii fluosilicas.

Refrigerants. —These are drugs which allay thirst and give a sensation of
coolness. There are local or external and internal refrigerants. The latter
are cooling effervescing drinks, as aerated waters, fruit juices, drinks acidu-
lated either with mineral or vegetable acids, ices, water if cold, diaphoretics, &c.
External or local refrigerants are cooling evaporating lotions, and application
of ice, &c.

Acid acetic, dilute.

Do. carbonic.

Do. citric.

Do. hydrochloric dilute.
Do. phosphoric dil.

Do. tartaric.

Bole armenian.
Gopichandan.

Guli armani.

Kaolin.

Liquor ammoniac acetatis
Do. citratis.

Magnesium citrate.
Multani mattee.

Ochre.

Oxymel.

Potassium chlorate.

Potassium nitrate.

Do. tartrate acid.
Sange isam.
Sange-i-yahud.

Sodium borate.

Do. citrate.

Do. tartrate.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi.
Water-melon juice.

Do. citrate.

Restoratives. — These are agents which restore the lost tone by increasing
constructive metabolism or metamorphosis. They include —

1. Nutritives or Foods. — These, when taken into the body, modify vital action
by supplying material to renew some structure or to maintain some vital process.

Tonic Medicines. — -These only modify and strengthen vital actions, but do
not supply material for construction.

2. Haematics or Hoematinics. — These medicinal agents act by increasing the
amount of hsematin in the blood and thus improve its quality by enriching the
blood corpuscles.

Alcohol.

Koumiss.

Sanguis bovinus exicca-

Beverages.

Meat preparations.

tus.

Butter.

Milk.

Sevum.

Carniferin.

Ol morrhuae.

Sodium chloride.

Cerebrin.

Oleum eulachon.

Spermin.

Eggs.

Do. squalse.

Sugar of milk.

Fish liver.

Orchidin.

Supra-renal gland.

Honey.

Ovi vitellus.

Thymus gland (extract).

Ichthyocolla.

Phosphate of lime.

Thyroid do. ( do. )

Isinglass.

Red-bone marrow.

Sedatives. — These are nearly allied to anodynes. The difference is not quite
clear. The sedatives exert a soothing effect on the general system. They

CARDIAC SEDATIVES.

409

impair the functional activity, depress mobility, diminish pain and lessen the
sensibility of nerves in their normal condition. The idea of pain* however, may
be entirely absent. In some cases the term ‘ sedative ’ is used more as a general
term, and includes narcotics, anaesthetics and all the other drugs of a similar
character. The sedatives are divided according to the part or organ which
they affect. These are Cardiac sedatives, pulmonary sedatives, nervine
sedatives, spinal sedatives, stomachic sedatives, vascular sedatives, urinary
and vesical sedatives.

General and Local Sedatives—

Acetopyrin.

Acid hydrocyan. dil.
Aconite (local).

Ammonii bromidum.
Amylene hydrate.
Antikamnia.
Antispasmin.

Basicin.

Benzin.

Benzol.

Bismatose.

Bismuthi et ammoniae

citras liquor.
Do. carbonas.

Do. citras.

Do. subnitras.

Bismuthi oxidum.

Do. salicylas;
Borax.

Cerebrin.

Cerii oxalas.

Chloral amide.

Do. hydrate.

Copper bhashma.

Ferri bromidum.

Gold bhashm.

Ice bath.

Lithii bromidum.
Naphthol.

Do. cum camphora.
Opium (local).

Plumbi carbonas.

Plumbi oxidum.

Do. stearas.
Potassium bicarbonate.
Do. bromide.

Do. cyanide.
Rubidii et ammonii bri-
midum.

Samudraphen.

Sisa bhashma.

Stag’s horn.

Strontii bromidum.
Tepid baths.

Thermal waters.
Turkish baths.

Cardiac Sedatives or Cardiac Depressants. — They lessen the force and
frequency of the heart’s action, in palpitation and over action of the heart,
occurring in any local inflammation, fevers, and in strong and plethoric
subjects.

Barium chloride.

Calcium bitartrate.

Chloroform.

Cold.

Erythral nitras.

Nervine Sedatives. — These exert a soothing influence on the nervous system,
by lessening functional activity, depressing mobility and diminishing pain.

Acetate of lead.
Ammonium fluoride.
Amyl nitrite.
Antifebrin.
Antipyrin.

Oxide of antimony.
Potassium bromide.

Do. nitrate.
Tartarated antimony.
Zinc cyanide.

^Ethyl bromide,
Ammonium bromide.
Amyl nitrite (tertiary).
Amylene hydrate.
Antipyrin.
Antispasmin.

Argenti chloride.
Arsenii bromidum.
Bromalin.

Bromide of potassium,
Bromides.

Bromipin.

Bromoform.

Bromopyrin.

Calcii bromidum.
Calcium and ammonium
bromide.

Chloral hydrate,
Chlorobrom.

Chloroform.

Eserine.

Ether (narcotic).

Ethyl bromide.

Ethylene bromide.

Ferri bromidum.

Gallo bromol.

Gold bromide.

Heroin.

Hypnal.

Iso butyl nitrite.
Meta aldehyde.
Neurodin.
Paraldehyde.
Peronin.

Solanin.

Strontii bromidum,

Sulphonal.

Urethane.

Validol.

Zinc oxide.

52

PULMONARY SEDATIVES.

410

Pulmonary Sedatives. — These are agents which diminish cough and dyspnoea.
Some of them act directly by lowering or depressing the activities of the respi-
ratory centre, and rendering respirations slow and shallow ; others act by
removing any obstruction or lessening irritation from the air passage ; others
again act indirectly by lessening local congestion or by depressing or lowering
the functional activity of the end-organs of the vagus and other afferent nerves
throughout the respiratory tract. Mucilaginous and saccharine substances
soothe the local irritation and hence are used as vehicle for some pulmonary
sedatives.

Chloroform. Heroin.

Cold. Lead acetate.

Dionin, Peronin.

Ether. Potassium cyanide.

Ethyl iodide.

Stomachic or Gastrid Sedatives. — They lessen the irritability of the stomach,
thereby restoring normal appetite.

Alcohol.

Ammonium fluoride.
Amyl nitrite.
Carbolic acid.
Chloral.

Arsenic.

Bicarbonate

of potas-

Carbolic acid.
Cerium oxalate.

Lactic acid.
Lithium bromide.

sium.

Cervus elaphus.

Potassium cyanide.

Do. sodium.

Chloralbacid.

Silver nitrate.

Bismuth carbonate.

Citrate of ammonium.

Do. oxide.

Do. citrate.

Creosote.

Solution of soda.

Do. oxide.

Dilute hydrocyanic

Do. potash.

Do. subnitrate.

acid.

Strontium bromide.

Bromide of potassium.

Glycozone.

tion).

Alum (injection).
Argenti cyanidum.

Urinary Sedatives. — These medicinal agents if administered internally have
a sedative action upon the whole of the urinary tract. They are first taken
up by the urine, which being charged with them, brings them in contact with
the whole mucous membrane of the urino-genital apparatus. Some of them act
locally and their action is confined to the mucous surfaces of the urethra and the
bladder. Alkalies and their salts act in diminishing the acidity of the secretion.
Some of them act by rendering the urine antiseptic, and others act as astringents.

Acetate of lead (injec- Bromine salts. Lithium salts.

Calcis saccharatus Potassium salts.

liquor. Zinc chloride.

Calcium carbonate.

Boracic acid (injection). Chloral (injection).

Vesical Sedatives. — They lessen the irritability of the bladder, subdue pain
and the desire for frequent micturition. Some of them act on the nerves and
lessen their irritability, and others act on any foreign body as calculus ; some
again diminish the irritation by relieving chronic inflammation and others as
antiseptics, thereby improving the quality of urine.

Astringents. Eucalyptus oil.

Belladonna. Fagonea arabica (local).

Buchu. Hyoscyamus,

Copaiba. Mucilaginous drinks,

ubebs. Opium.

Sialogogues. — These are agents which increase the secretion and flow of

saliva and buccal mucus. They are divided into topical and general sialogogues.

Pareira.

Prunus laurocerasus.
Sandal wood-oil.
Stigmata maidis.
Witch hazel.

STIMULANTS AND TONICS.

4ir

Iridin.

Mercurials.
Potassium iodide.
Strontii iodidum.

Topical sialogogues include anything taken into the mouth, but more especially
some hot pungent substances which produce local irritation and thus act
as sialogogues by reflex stimulation. General sialogogues include certain drugs
like mercury, pilocarpine, &c., which during their elimination act indirectly
through their systemic influence on the salivary glands or their secretory
nerves.

Acids. Chloroform.

Alkalies (topical). Ether (topical).

Antimonials. Iodine compounds (gen-

Calomel. eral).

Stimulants and Tonics. — The term, ‘stimulant,' is used in various senses. It is
applied to medicinal drugs such as alcohol, and its preparations, which, though
true narcotics, are commonly termed stimulants. The term is also employed to
designate any agent or agents which excite even briefly the normal activity,
depressed, or jaded function, or organic action of any organ or part of the
system. Tonics or restoratives are allied to stimulants. They stimulate the
vital functions and at the same time renovate and improve the tone of the organ
or tissue on which they have a special action. The difference between the
action of stimulants and that of tonics might be shown, by taking a jaded horse
for illustration. If such an animal is whipped, it might be made to do
some additional work, but thereby it becomes doubly exhausted. In this
case the whip is of the nature of stimulant ; but if the animal is given
rest and properly fed, and then some work extracted out of it, the animal will
give better work and remain strong... The food and rest are of the nature
of tonics; hence stimulants are in their very nature depressants in their after-
effects.

General or Diffusible Stimulants. — These are vascular stimulants affecting
the whole general system. The sense of stimulation is prompt but transient,
and at once felt through the whole body on account of their physical charac-
ters. Diffusible stimulants are generally highly volatile substances.

Alcohol.

Ambergris.

Ammonia gas.
Ammonium valerianate.
Calcis hypophosphis..

Resin (local).

Sodii hypophosphis.
Spermin.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi.

Castor.

Cupri arsenis.

Ethyl iodide.

Moschus.

Phosphorus.

Local Stimulants.-^-They increase common sensibility short of producing
pain. They act directly on the end organs of the sensory nerves in the
skin ; some act by stimulating the local circulation as in inflammation.

Alpohol.
Ammonia.
Cadmii iodidum.
Carbolic acid.
Chloroform.
Cold.

Creosote.

Hydrargyrum iodidum.
Iodine.

Lai and kalomalam.
Mineral salts.

Sulphur.

Cupri sulphas.

Ether.

Faradization.

Ferri carbonas.

Heat.

Hydrargyrum ammonia-
turn.

Cardiac and Vascular Stimulants and Tonics. — In depressed state of the
heart they increase the force and frequency of the organ. Some act by a reflex
influence excited through the nerves of the mouth and stomach ; others stimulate
the vasomotor centres. Given in medicinal doses they give tone to or stimulate
the cardiac muscles by slowing and strengthening its contractions. In large

412

CEREBRAL STIMULANTS OR EXCITANTS.

doses they produce irregular pulse. If pushed still further they cause death by
syncope.

Alcohol (diluted).

Bos taurus.

Nitroglycerin.

Ambergris.

Brandy.

Orchitic extract and fluid.

Ammonia (energetic

Cardin.

Oxygen.

action on the vasomo-

Castor.

Phenalgin.

tor centre).

Carminatives.

Phenamid.

Ammonium acetate.

Chloral hydrate.

Pyrodina.

Do. carbonate.

Chlorine water.

Sodium benzoate.

Do. citrate.

Chloroform.

Do. nitrate.

Amyl nitrite tertiary.

Counter-irritation.

Do. pyrophosphate.

Anhalonine.

Creatine.

Do. salicylate.

Aromatic spirit of am-

Ether.

Do. sulphate.

monia.

Erythrol tetranitrate.

Spermine.

Do. volatile oil.

Heat (locally).

Spiritus etheris nitrosi.

Atropine.

Hypophosphites.

Viverra civetta.

Barii chloridum.

Isobutyl nitrate.

Barium sulphide.

Lactyltropeine.

Cerebral Stimulants or Cerebral Excitants. — They increase the activity of
the brain functions without leading to any subsequent depression or suspension
of its functions. They act directly upon the grey matter of the brain or by a
reflex action by increasing the force and rapidity of the heart’s action.

Alcohol.

Ammoniae carbonas.
Do. citras.

Do. valerinas.
Amyl nitrite.

Aromatics. Isaprol.

Chloroform. Nitroglycerin.

Erythrol tetra nitrate. Oxygen.
Ether. Safrol.

Ethyl.

Hepatic Stimulants and Cholagogues. — Both these agents act upon the
secretion of bile ; they increase the function of the liver cells and the quantity
of bile formed. They carry off the bile and thus act upon the liver to secrete
more. Some hepatic stimulants increase the glycogenic function of the liver,
and others stimulate the production of urea. Cholagogues remove the bile thus
secreted from the duodenum and prevent its re-absorption into the portal
circulation.

Acid nitro-hydrochloric.

Ammonii benzoas.

Ammonium chloride (increases urea).
Amyl nitrite (increase of glycogen).
Antimony sulphuretum (hepatic
stimulant, increases urea).

Arsenic preparations (hepatic stimu-
lant, increases urea).
Baptiscin.

Calomel.

Ferri picras.

Honey.

Iridin (hepatic stimulant).

Iron (increases urea).

Mercury bichloride (hepatic stimu-
lant).

Mercury and chalk (cholagogue).
Mineral acids (hepatic stimulant).
Phosphorus (increases urea).
Potassium tartrate.

Do. sulphas (cholagogue).

Sodii benzoas (hepatic stimulant).
Do. magnesii sulphas.

Do. pyrophosphas (hepatic stimu-
lant).

Do. sulphas (cholagogue).

Do. sulpho carbolas (hepatic
stimulant).

Sodium bicarbonate (increases gly-
cogen).

Do. salicylate (hepatic stimulant).

RENAL STIMULANTS.

413

Renal Stimulants. — These agents include the diuretic group. They increase
the quantity of urine and frequency of micturition.

Respiratory Stimulants. — These agents increase the functional activity of the
respiratory centre. They act by increasing the frequency of the respirations
and also by deepening the breathing ; some of them stimulate the vagus tract,
others as electricity act as direct respiratory stimulant when applied directly
to the nerve trunk or to the respiratory muscles. Some again act by stimulat-
ing the end organs of the vagus.

Alcohol. Chloralamide.

Antikamnia. Ether.

Spinal Stimulants and Motor Excitants. — These agents increase the functional
activity of the spinal cord and other parts of the motor apparatus. They act
by increasing or disturbing the motor power, and increase the reflex excitability.
When given in large doses they give rise to tetanic convulsions, ultimately
leading to motor paralysis from over stimulation. Some of the group though
sedatives at first, if given in large doses, give rise to convulsions. Many of them
stimulate the cerebral motor convolutions, others the respiratory centre in the
medulla, others again the motor nerve trunks, while a few the end organs of the
motor nerves.

Alcohol. Ether. Potassii permanganas.

Bromoform. Phosphate of lime. Pyridine.

Chloroform. Phosphorus.

Gastric Tonics. — These agents, otherwise known as stomachics, increase
appetite and promote digestion (gastric). Their action varies ; some increase
the gastric juice by stimulating its production; others increase the supply
of blood to the stomach ; a third group and a majority of them act by stimula-
ting the activity of the nerves and muscles supplying the stomach. When the
gastric juice is deficient in quantity or quality other remedial agents containing
active digestive principles known as digestive ferments are given as adjuvants
to aid digestion.

Acid lactic.

Do. hydrochloric dil.
Erythol.

Globinol.

Ingluvin.

Lactyl tropeine.
Orexine tannate.
Papain,

Pancreatin.

Pepsine.

Acid arseniosum.

Do. nitro-hydrochloric
dil.

Acid sulphuric aromatic. Punch lavana.
Bismuth salts. Rock salt.

Calcium lactophosphate.

Creatin. Fel bovis. Pancreatin.

Nervine Tonics. — These strengthen and give tone to the whole
system and thereby improve also the general system.

Acetanilid (when tired,
makes one fresh
again).

Acidum arsenicosum.
Do. hypophosphoro-
sum dilutum.

Alcohol (in fatigue from
any cause).

Ammonii hypophosphis.
Apetol.

Argenti nitras.

Do. oxidum.

nervous

Arsenious iodide.
Artificial serum (hypo-
dermically).

Auri et sodii chloridum.
Aurum bromide.

Bezoar.

4>4

UTERINE TONICS

Bromohaemol.

Gold & sodium chloride.

Silver salts.

Bone marrow red.

Hypophosphate of soda,

Sodii arsenas.

Calamine.

lime or iron.

Do. hypophosphis.

Calcii hypophosphis.

Hypophosphites.

Spermine hydrochloride..

Calcium carbonate 1 gr.

Mammary gland extract.

Spiritus ammonia aro-

with ferric phosphate

Mercury bichloride (in

maticus.

1 gr*

minute doses).

Splenic extract.

Celerina.

Musk.

Sea bathing.

Cerebrin.

Nickle sulphate.

Syrupus calcii lacto-

Cerii oxalas.

Orchitic extract.

phosphatis.

Cervus elaphus.

Orpiment.

Thyroid gland extract.

Counter-irritants.

Phosphorus prepara-

Zinc bromide.

Cupri sulphas.

tions (in depression

Do. carbonate.

Ethoxy caffeine.

from over-work).

Do. oxide(asa sedative

Ferri arsenas.

Potassii bromidum.

in nervous irritabi-

Do. fluoridum.

Do. hypophosphis.

lity from over-work

Do. oxalas.

Do. nitras.

or worry).

Do. phosphas.

Protargen,

Do. phosphide.

Do. valerianas.

Rest.

Do. valerianate.

Gold bhasm.

Rupa bhasm.

For?nula —

Artificial Serum. — Sodii phosphatis, 3 drs. ; so^ii sulphatis, 80 grs. ; sodii
chloridi, 30 grs. ; acid carbolic, 5 grs. ; distilled water, 4 ozs. Mix. Dose — 15 ms.
hypodermically.

Strychninse acetatis, 1 gr. ; acid aqetic dilute, 20 ms. ; alcohol, 2 drs. ; dis-
tilled water, 6 drs. Mix. 10 drops thrice a day internally and avoid home influ-
ence and care.

Uterine Tonics. — These agents have a specific influence over the uterus ;
some of them act as tonics, while others only as alteratives. The tonics are
generally given internally, whereas the alteratives are used as topical
applications to the uterus at the cervix.

Apiolum. Iodine. Potassium chlorate.

Astringents. Potassium bromide. Silver nitrate.

Urinary or Vesical Tonics. — These remedial agents are employed to give
tone to the muscular fibres in the wall of the bladder and to increase its con-
tractile power.

Bougies. Potassium bromide. Silver nitrate.

Blood Tonics, otherwise known as haematic tonics. These improve the
quality of the blood by restoring principles in which it may be deficient*
They are also known as haematinics. They are chiefly useful in adynamia,
depressed vital powers, anaemia, convalescence, neurasthenia, &c.

Acid arsenious and its compounds.
Do. cacodylic.

Do. hydriodic.

Do. hypophosphorus dilute.

Do. lactic.

Acids mineral (give tone to the
mucous membrane).

Alkalies (give tone to the liver and
stomach).

Ammonii carbonas.

Animal oil.

Arsenic with iron and cod liver oih
Aurum arsenate.

Blood defebrinated and desiccated*.

BLOOD TONICS.

415

!3one marrow.

Bynin.

Calcium lactophosphate with iron
during- convalescence and to pre-
vent waste from suppurative dis-
charges.

Calcium phosphate (in chronic dis-
charges).

Carniferrin (as a tonic).

Cerebrin (as a brain tonic).

Cetrarin (as a hsematinic).

Chalybeate waters (to improve the
blood).

Coca Wine (as nourishing).

Cod liver oil ; vegetable oils ; fats ;
fish-oils.

Copper arsenite.

Dyalised iron.

Fel bovis.

Ferri albuminates.

Do. chloride liquor (as a blood
tonic).

Do. et magnesii sulphas.

Do. hypophosphis.

Do. succinate.

Do. valerianate.

Fermanglobin.

Ferratin.

Ferrogen.

Ferrohsemol (as a blood tonic).
Ferropyrin.

Ferrum redactum.
Glycero-phosphates.

Gold salts (blood tonic).

Haematin albumen.

Haematogen.

Haemoferrum.

Haemol (2 to 8 grs,).

Haemo-gallol.

Haemoglobin (these improve the

blood by furnishing haematin).
Hydrogen peroxide.

Hypophosphites of lime, ammonia,
soda, potash and iron.

Iron ammoniae citrate.

Do. carbonate (in irritable stomacfij
with coated toogue).

Do. dialysed (as a blood tonic).
Manganese and its preparations.
Martis tincture.

Milk.

Morrhuol.

Nuclein.

Nux vomica with iron (as a blood
tonic and restorative).

Orchitic extract (general tonic).
Oxygen inhalation (if much loss of
blood).

Pancreatin (in feeble digestion).
Pepsin (in feeble digestion).
Phosphorus (as a tonic).

Rum and milk.

Saccharine fruits.

Sal alembroth.

Sanguis bovinum exciccatum (as a
blood tonic).

Sea bathing (invigorating).

Sodium arsenate.

Do. chloride (6 per cent, transfu-
sion) saline solution.

Do. glycero-phosphate.

Do. hypophosphitei
Somatose (highly nuitritious),
Spermine.

Do. carniferrum.

Spiritus vini gallici.

Thymus gland extract.

Turkish bath.

Vangeshwar rasa.

Wines.

General remedies. — Nourishing diet ; Broths, eggs, milk, fish, exercise (out-
door), pure air.

Forinulce. — Syrupus ferri quininse et strychnin® phosphatum. — Ferri sulphatis
S drs. ; sodii phosphatis, 6 drs. ; quininae sulphatis, 4 drs. 5 acid sulphuric dilute,
4 drs. ; ammonia liquor, 4 drs. ; strychnine, 6 grs. ; acid phosphoric dilute.
12 ozs. ; sugar, 12 ozs. Dose — 1 dr.

Baby’s Salt — Contains sodii phosph., 60 ; calc, phosph., 10 ; sod. bicarb., 30 ;
ferri lactas, 5 ; sacch. lactas, 95. Dose — 1 to 2 drs.

Mistura Ferri aromatica — Contains cinchona powdered, \ oz. ; calumba
powdered, £ oz. ; cloves bruised % oz. ; iron wire powdered, £ oz. To this add

416

VASCULAR DILATORS.

compound tincture of cardamoms 3 ozs., and tincture of orange peel ^ oi.
Dose — 2 drs.

Vascular Dilators.— These are agents which produce dilatation of the peri-
pheral vessels, thereby relieving the heart, increasing circulation and equalizing
blood pressure, and are used to relieve internal congestion and to relieve enr
barrassed condition of the heart.

Vascular Contractors. — These are agents which increase the contraction of
the small vessels by acting upon their muscular fibres, thereby raising the
blood pressure and lessening circulation* and are used to check haemorrhage
and reduce inflammation.

Ammonia.
Ammonium acetate.
Amyl nitrite.
Antypyrin.

Barium salts.
Camphor.

Chloral.

Chloroform.

Erythrol tetra nitrate.
Ether.

Iron.

Lead salts.

Mannitol hexa nitrate.
Nitro-glycerin.

Nitrous ether.
Potassium nitrite.

Silver nitrate.
Sodium nitrite.
Sulphuric acid.
Tartar emetic.
Thyroid extract.
Zinc salts.

THERAPEUTICS.

4*7

THERAPEUTICS.

In the following pages are given various remedies employed in various
diseases under their respective heads. In some cases one or two useful
formulae are also given.

Abdominal Plethora — Obesity— Corpulence —

Abdominal massage.

Acid hydriodic.

Alkali es.

Alkaline carbonates and alkaline
mineral waters.

Ammonium bromide.

Exercise plenty,

Hydragogue and saline cathartics
if due to portal congestion.

Iodides.

Iodoform causing wasting and
anaemia by injuring the red cor-
puscles.

Iodol — 2 grs. very effective.

Laxative fruits.

Liquor potassae, ^ dr. in milk, is
very efficient.

Potassium iodide.

Do. permanganate, J to£ gr.
to relieve flatulence.

Saline mineral waters, chiefly pur-
gative waters as Vichy.

Sodium chloride.

Do. taurocholate.

Sulphurous acid.

Thyroid extract— good results.
Vinegar.

Diet. — Clear soups or broths. Starchy food in very small quantities. Fresh
eggs, green vegetables, puddings, biscuits taken in moderation ; milk, alcohol,
gluten in small quantities. Avoid salted meats, rich sauces, salad, vegetables
as cucumber ; peas, suran, plenty of fat, sugar, starch, &c.

External remedies . — Plenty of exercise ; mind deeply engaged and fully
occupied in active life.

Baths. — Hot water, vapour or Turkish baths. Free action of the bowels.
To go to bed late and to rise early.

Abscess— Acute Abscess, Cold or Chronic Abscess, Suppuration, Boils.

Abrak paste — locally.

Acid boracic — as an antiseptic non-
irritating dressing.

Acid carbolic : — Oil — as dressing or
a solution (1 in 50) as injection
after evacuation.

Acid salicylic — as dressing.

Alcohol — as stimulant in large ab-
scesses.

Calcium phosphate in chronic and
large abscesses — internally.

Carbon bisulphide.

Chlorine water — as lotion.

Cod liver oil in scrofula and in
hectic fever.

Counter-irritation to surrounding
parts to abort or hasten suppura-
tion.

Creolin.

Creosote — as stimulant application
to swellings and as dressing.

Di-iodoform.

Drainage tube if abscess is large
and opened.

Ether — anaesthetic spray before

opening.

Formaldehyde.

Hydrogen peroxide — externally as
disinfectant solution 20 p.o. or as
injection into the cavity,

418

ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH.

Ice after opening.

Iodine as counter-irritant around the
seat of disease. Tincture or
solution for injection into the sac
after opening large abscesses.
Internally in scrofula to cause
absorption of effused products.

Iodoform, as dusting powder or
gauze into the cavity if the abscess
is large and after opening it.

lodol.

Lead lotion.

Mercury— various preparations as
emplastrum, inunction, oleate and
solution locally to diminish indura-
tion of old abscesses and to pre-
vent formation of fresh abscesses.

Mercury bichloride as a wash or as
irrigation.

Naphtalin.

Oleate of mercury and morphine — •
locally to cause absorption.

Phosphates of lime and soda — dose
i to 2 grs.

Potassa fusa for opening abscesses.

Potassium permanganate— as antis
septic injection to correct foetor.

Poultices of linseed to check or
assist maturation } may be simple
or besmeared with belladonna or
laudanum.

Resorcin — locally as antiseptic in sy-
philitic cases 5 to 30 p.c. solution.

Silver nitrate with spiritus etheris
nitrosi applied as a paint in early
stage to adjacent surface to check
inflammation.

Sodii fluosilicas.

Sodium and gold chloride in scrofu-
lous abscesses.

Sozoidol salt.

Strontium iodide.

Sulphides of potassium, sodium, am-
monium and calcium. In scrofu-
lous abscesses to abort or to
hasten maturation.

Vienna paste — locally.

Weaning the child in chronic mam-
mary abscess.

Zinc chloride paste — locally.

External Remedies ,

Aspiration—

Blisters or iodine as counter-irri-
tants round the seat of disease.
Drainage tube.

Dressings — antiseptic gauze.
Guttapercha tissue.

Irrigation of the cavity after open-
ing of very large abscesses.

Opening of abscess at once if deep or
on the face, anus or breast to avert
danger of its opening internally.

Pressure.

Acidity of the Stomach —

Acid carbolic internally, to arrest
eructations.

Acid hydrochloric or acid phospho-
ric dilute before meals.

Acid sulphurous 5 to 30 ms., to
avert acid fermentation of starchy
foods.

Alkalies as sodium bicarbonate,
ammonium carbonate after meals.

Ammonia — in headache due to
acidity.

Bismuth oxychloridum with opium
or morphine or with magnesia.

Calcium carbonate.

Calx sulphurata.

Cerii oxalas.

Charcoal biscuits.

Creosote.

Grey powder \ gr, when acidity
with clay-coloured stools.

Ichthalbin.

Lead acetate in pyrosis.

Lime water.

Liquor potassse.

Manganese black oxide.

Papad khar.

Silver nitrate and silver oxide (very
useful),

Tannalbin if there is abundant
secretion of mucus.

Diet. — Use limejuice,
vegetables, and fats.

aerated bread, or plain biscuits. Avoid pastry*

ACME.

4*9

Acne— A. simplex, A. indurata, A. vulgaris and A. rosace®.

Acid boric, locally— a weak solu-
tion.

Acid carbolic with glycerin and
lard — as an application.

Acid hydrocyanic dilute — locally.

Acid hypophosphoricum.

Acid nitric — as lotion.

Acid salicylic — as ointment (i in 8).

Adeps lan®— locally.

Alkalies internally, also as alkaline
lotions in acne with seborrhcea.

Ammonium chloride — internally.

Antipyrin with coca — internally in
acne rosace®.

Aristol.

Arsenic with bromide and sulphide —
internally in acne vulgaris.

Auri et arsenic bromide as liquor,
or auri et mercury bromide —
internally in chronic cases.

Beta naphthol — locally.

Bismuth oleate — locally in acne
rosace® as a cosmetic.

Bismuth carbonate, zinc oleate and
starch (used as a dusting powder).

Bromides with arsenic — internally
in acne rosace®.

Calamina preparata as lotion locally.

Calcium sulphide. Internally in small
doses if tendency to form pus-
tules.

Cod liver oil.

Copper salts.

Creosote — locally in acne indurata.

Electricity to the nose — in acne
rosace®.

Europhen.

Ferri et quinin® citras— internally.

Gaduol — internally in scrofulous
cases.

Glycerin— locally and internally.

Hot water sponging.

Hydrargyri iodidum flavum— inter-
nally.

Hypophosphites— compound syrup —
internally in acne indurata.

Ichthalbin — internally.

Ichthyol — externally and internally
in acne rosace®.

Iodide of sulphur ointment — in all
stages locally.

Iodol — locally.

Lead oleate — locally in acne in-
durata.

Liquor carbonis detergens — locally.
Do. hydrargyri pernitratis,
locally, a single drop in
each pustule.

Do. plumbi locally.

Liquor potass® locally in acne
rosace®.

Magnesium sulphate internally or as
a dusting powder in acne vulgaris,
due to gastro-intestinal derange-
ment.

Mercury bichloride liquor — as lotion
or as a wash, or ointment
on indurated pustules.

Do. bin iodide internally or as
ointment.

Do. iodo chloride 5 grs. to
1 oz. — as an irritant appli-
cation.

Do. nitrate solution, locally.

Do. oleate with oleate of zinc

locally.

Naphtol.

Potassium bromide — internally use-
ful in obstinate cases.

Potassium chlorate — internally.
Puncturing each papule with a
lancet, followed by diluted ammoni-
ated mercury or sulphur iodide
ointment.

Resorcin with zinc oxide — locally
applied to promote pealing of the
skin in acne rosace®.

Sand friction.

Salines — internally.

Sapo mollis locally — followed by
emollients.

Sodium bicarbonate-lotion.

Do. salicylate — as lotion.

Sulphur — internally and as a lotion.
Do. iodide or hypochlorite 1 to 4
as ointment.

Thymol — ointment.

Zinc oxide, glycerin and gelatin and
hot water as a dressing.

420

ADYNAMIA.

Altdison’s Disease —

Adrenal extract.

Arsenic with cod liver oil.
Glycerin.

Iron chloride with glycerin
chloroform.

Phosphorus.

Skimmed milk.

Sozoidol potassium,
and Suprarenal gland extract.

Adynamia among badly fed town-d

Acid hydriodic — internally.

,, hydrochloric dilute.

,, nitric dilute.

Calcium phosphate i, calcium car-
bonate i, and iron phosphate i
when from ove vork.

Alcohol.

Arsenic for swelled feet, of weakly
persons and breathlessness from
weak heart.

Glycero-phosphate of sodium.

Hiemogallol.

Hydrogen peroxide.

Hypophosphite of lime or soda in
general debility.

Diet . — Sugar, . fruits, vegetables, mil
wines, etc.

After Pains —

Amyl nitrite.

Antipyrin.

Chloral hydrate, 20 grs., to stop the
pains.

Chloroform liniment with soap lini-
ment locally to the abdomen.

Copper arsenite.

Dionine.

Albuminuria simple or Albuminuria

Alkaline salts as citrates, acetates,
to act as diuretics.

Ammonium benzoate.

Arsenic, to restrain albumen.

Baths of warm water or hot air.

Calcium benzoate.

Cantharides tincture, 1 m.

Chalybeate purgative water.

Chloral 20 grs., to lessen albumen.

Cod liver oil.

Counter-irritation.

Dry cupping.

Fuchsine. Dose — 1 to 3 grs. to
arrest albumen.

Glycerin phosphate

Iron and aloes pills.

Iron sulphate 1 to 3 grs. and valer-
ianate to promote appetite and
digestion.

Musk.

Orchitic extract.

Potassium chlorate.

Rum and milk.

Sea bathing.

Solution of ammonium acetate.
Spermine.

Turkish bath.

Urethane.

Wine with ether, if sleeplessness, in-
digestion and stomach cramps.

k, fats, cod liver oil and other oils,

H eroin with antikamnia.

Hydrargyri bichloride as a douche.
Injections, soothing, into the vagina.
Potassii salicylas.

Poultices, warm, over the hypogas-
trium.

Sulphonal.

OF PREGNANCY —

Gold trichloride — in chronic cases.
Hsemogallol.

Ichthalbin.

Incisions to relieve anasarca.

Iron — reduced iron, chloride, io-
dide, &c.

Lead acetate to diminish albumen.
Lime water as a diuretic to re-
strain albumen.

Mercury preparations, soluble, used
with caution.

Methylene blue.

Milk cure.

,, sugar.

Napthol.

ALCOHOLISM.

421

Nitrite of amyl.

Nitro-glycerin 1 m. of 1 per cent,
solution, to dilate peripheral ves-
sels, to lessen renal congestion,
and to relieve the heart.

Oxygen (compressed) as inhalation.

Ozonic ether.

Potassium salts as iodide, perman-
ganate, bitartrate, sulphate (10 to
20 grs. as a diuretic), and sul-
phuret.

Saliformin.

Sodii benzoas.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi.

Strontium acetate. To be avoided
if scanty urine.

,, Lactate should not be
given if the urine is
scanty or uraemia exists.

Tannalbin.

Theobromine.

Turkish baths to relieve kidneys of
work ; Virginia lithia waters.

Vegetable salts.

Warm water baths.

Water internally in large quanti-
ties.

Forynula. — For simple albuminuria — Sodium phosphate, 2\ drs. ; sodium
chloride, 2\ drs. ; sodium iodide, 2^ drs. ; sodium bromide, 1 dr. ; aqua, i6ozs.
Dose — 4 drs.

Diet. — Liberal, freely assimilable: brain, butter, cream, eggs, fish, fowl,
game, green vegetables, koumiss, milk skimmed or peptonized, starchy food,
tea and coffee in moderation ; whisky or red wine freely diluted.

Avoid sweets, strong soups, highly spiced foods, sauces, pickles and
alcohol. Avoid worry, excitement and chill. Lead a quiet life, in a dry
equable climate. Use hotair, vapour or Turkish baths. Take daily exercise
short of fatigue.

Alcoholism — Alcoholic intoxication ; drunkenness.

Ammonium acetate with sodium
chloride as solution.
,, chloride ^ dr. restores

faculties.

Aromatic spirit of ammonia with
capsicum as a substitute for alco-
hol in full doses.

Arsenic liquor 1 m. To lessen
morning distressing sickness.

Aurum and arsenic bromide — an
excellent tonic.

Bismuth with hydrocyanic acid. To
lessen gastric irritability.

Bitters with arsenic and capsicum.
To overcome habit.

Bromides. To relieve wakefulness
and to overcome habit.

Chloral hydrate. To quiet the ner-
vous system, but not in old, worn-
out drunkards and in weak heart.

Faradization.

Glycozone in chronic alcoholic gas-
tric catarrh.

Gold and sodium chloride.

Ichthalbin.

Milk iced.

Phosphorus in chronic cases to tone
the nervous system.

Potassii arsenitis liquor 2 ms. with
cap sicum tincture 1 m. internally
if vomiting.

Potassium bromide 1 dr. To re-
move horrors.

Sodium chloride internally.

Water, hot, before meals.

Zinc oxide to tone the nerves, to
diminish gastric catarrh, to lessen
tremor and to allay craving.

External remedies. — Cold affusion to the face and head.

Formula — Quieting mixture contains chloral hydrates, 1^ dr. ; potassii
bromide, 2 drs. ; spiritus etheris compos., 2 drs. ; tinctura Valerianae, 3 drs. ;
aqua, 6 ozs. Dose — 4 to 12 drs. For insomnia.

422

ALOPECIA.

Alopecia, A. Areata, Tinea Decalvans — The fungus microsporon audouinL

Acid, nitric, with olive oil as lini-
ment.

Arsenic-liquor, 5 ms., internally.

Brushes with thick and long bristles.

Cantharidal ether with collodion or
cantharides tincture 1 to 8 of cas-
tor oil to be well rubbed into roots
of hair.

Depilatories — Quicklime 3> sodium
sulphide 1, starch 4 ; or barium
sulphide starch and zinc oxide ; or
yellow sulphide of arsenic, 20 grs.,
quicklime 4 drs. and starch 2 drs.

Amenorrhcea—

Ammonii chloridum if accompanied
with headache.

Arsenic salts with iron, if due to
inactivity of the ovaries.

Aurum salts if due to torpor of the
ovaries.

Baths — mustard hip baths.

Cold sponging.

Electricity if inactivity of uterus or
ovary.

Ice bag to the spine to the lower
part.

Anaemia —

Acids added to purgative salts act
as tonic to the mucous membranes.

Adrenal and thymus extracts.

Arsenic with iron in pernicious cases
or where iron alone does not agree.

Aurum and arsenic bromide.

Bitters.

Bone marrow extract.

Bullock’s blood, fresh or defibrinat-
ed, by enema.

Calcium lacto phosphate or calcium
phosphate for nursing women
weakened by rapid child-bearing.

Calomel.

Cerebrinin.

Chalybeate waters after meals in
flabby condition.

Cold sponging with care.

Ferri ammonia citrate, if tongue is
coated.

Frequent shaving.

Hair dyes as potassium perman-
ganate, pyrogallic acid, black
oxide of lead, black oxide of sil-
ver, &c.

Hydrogen dioxide to “ blonde ” the
hair.

Oxygen gas locally applied to the
affected part by means of a bag.

Sulphur iodide internally and locally.

Thyroid extract.

Iron salts as ferri bicarbonas, ferri
phosphas, ferri redactum, ferri
ammonia citras, ferri et strych-
ninae citras.

Kasashida tela.

Manganese bin oxide.

Mercury bin iodide.

Oxalic acid, J to \ gr. is very useful.

Potassii permanganas, 2 grs., with
powdered elm or liquorice.

Silver nitrate locally to the os at
the time of expected discharge.

Ferro pyrine.

Galvanization.

Glycerino phosphate.

Haemoglobin.

Hypophosphates of calcium or so-
dium in nervous debility.

Hypophosphites.

Ichthalbin.

Iron chloride or carbonate in irri-
table stomach or vomiting. Given
after food to improve digestion,
and to supply haematin to the
blood. Iron lactate in pernicious
anaemia. Iron sulphate in pale or
flabbly tongue.

Manganese and iron combined.

Mercury bichloride.

Naphtol beta.

Nuclein.

Orchitic extract.

ANEURISM,

423

Oxygen inhalation if due to loss of
blood,

Pancreatin in feeble digestion.
Pepsin in feeble digestion.

Pepto mangan.

Phosphorus.

Red wines.

Restoratives.

Sea bathing.

Sodium arsenate.

,, hypophosphite.
Spermine.

Virol.

Diet. — Generous and nourishing, and digestible foods as soups, meat juice,
bovril, fish, meat, poultry, game, eggs, starchy food, fruits, vegetables, ma!t
preparations, milk, koumiss, cream, butter, ghee, celerina, tea, coffee, cocoa.
In all cases use salt in large quantity. Avoid sauces, pickles, acids, highly
spiced food. Take moderate outdoor exercise, have free and open pure air,
tepid baths, sea-bathing ; avoid constipation.

Formula — Acid phosph. dil. , i fl. dr. ; liq. arsenicalis, i fl. dr. ; liq. strych-
nine, i fl. dr. ; syrup aurantii, 2 ozs. ; tinct. ferri perchloridi, 1 dr. Dose—

2 drs. in a table spoonful of water after meals.

Aneurism —

Chloroform inhalation if great
dyspnoea.

Diet. — Restricted, milk, light unsti-
mulating food.

Electrolysis.

Galvano-puncture in deep aneurism.

Angina catarrhalis—

Acid carbolic.

,, gallic.

,, hydrocyanic dilute.

Alum.

Ichthyol as gargle.

Iron chloride as gargle.

Introduction of fine wire into the
sac after ligaturing the main
artery.

Ligation of the vassels.

Position recumbent.

Rest.

Potassium chlorate as gargle.

,, nitrate.

Silver nitrate.

Sodii nitris.

Sodium bicarbonate.

Sozoiodol sodium.

Angina pectoris— Preventive. — Immediate and constitutional treatment —

Acid hydrocyanic dilute.

Allyl tribromide.

Ammonia — an immediate treatment.

Ammonium bromide in anaemia.

Amyl nitrite. Dose — ^ to 1 m. by
the mouth, or 2 to 5 ms. as inhala-
tion for immediate relief; unsafe in
degeneration of cerebral vessels
and in fatty heart.

Antikamnia with heroin.

Antipyrin hypodermically.

Arsenic, given in the interval, les-
sens or prevents paroxysms.

Brandy.

Chloral useful in pseudo angina
pectoris.

Chloroform inhalation.

Dionine.

Erythrol tetra nitrate.

Ether for immediate relief to abort
the attack.

Ether sulphuric to mitigate the
paroxyms.

Glonoin m.

Hoffman’s anodyne in syncope.
Isobutyl nitrite (liquid).

Nitrites of sodium and potassium.
Nitroglycerin.

Phosphorus.

Potassium bromide.

Poultices of hot bran to the heart.
Sodium iodide.

,, nitrite to prevent the return
of symptoms.

Warmth to the extremities.

Zinc sulphate.

424

ANOREXIA.

Appetite— Anorexia-

Acid nitro hydrochloric dilute after
acute disease.

Bid lavana.

Bitters to stimulate appetite.

Fel bovini.

Ferri carbonas.

Diet. — Savoury and well cooked.
Antrum Disease —

Boric acid — -saturated solution as in-
jection for after treatment.
Chloroform inhalation in acute
catarrh.

Free drainage between the roots of
second bicuspid and first molar. A
gold tube fitted to the opening.

Aphonia — A. clericorum , clergyman's
(hysterical, nervous, and paralytic).
Acid boracic lozenges to dissolve in
the mouth in chronic laryngitis.
,, carbolic i to 50 solution as a
spray.

,, nitric dilute 5 to 10 ms. inter-
nally when due to fatigue of the
vocal cords or to indigestion.

,, sulphurous as a spray or inha-
lation or fumigation in clergy-
man’s aphonia.

Alum — Internally as lozenges, or as
a gargle or spray, in hoarseness
and chronic coughs.

Ammonium chloride 10 grs., with
strychnine ^th gr. internally ; also
as inhalation or vapour in laryn-
geal catarrh.

Ammonias liquor as vapour inhala-
tion or as vapour with water.
Ammoniae with any of the volatile
oils or camphor — as inhalation.
Ammonium chloride 2 drs. with
cubebs tincture ^ dr. and water
4 ounces. Mix. Dose — 4 drs. in
laryngeal catarrh with aphonia.
Argenti nitras (1 in 500) solution as
spray.

Astringent, stimulants as spray or
lozenges in chronic cases.

Borax 5 grs. to dissolve in the
mouth.

Chlorine vapour.

Chloroform inhalation.

Fluoride of sodium or potassium to
produce anorexia where the ap-
petite is voracious (bulimia).
Orexine.

,, tannas.

Somatose salts.

Hydrogen dioxide solution 1 to 12
of water as injection.

Iodine for injection.

Operation. — Remove the second
molar and through the alveolus
inject boric acid solution.

Zinc sulphate for injection.

sore throat, hoarseness of voice

Ether as inhalation.

Ethyl bromide for rapid anaesthesia
in hysterical cases.

Galvanism over the thyroid glands
in hysterical cases.

Glycerin of tannin — Locally in chro-
nic throat inflammation.

Iodine as inhalation or locally to
the fore part of the neck.

Iron perchloride with water (1 to
150) as inhalation.

Nitro glycerin — internally.

Potassium chlorate, saturated solu-
tion as a gargle and in-
ternally.

,, nitrate alone or with ben-
zonic acid as lozenges.
To suck or as cigarettes.
Sodii boras to dissolve in mouth.
Sodium chloride gargle or spray
throug*h an atomiser.

Sozoiodol with zinc oxide, and
milk sugar in fine powder as an in-
sufflation.

Steam inhalation with sedatives in
acute cases.

Turkish baths.

Uranium nitrate as a spray in
chronic cases.

Zinci sulphas ( i in 150) in catarrhal
cases used as an inhalation or as
solution locally.

Zinci valerianas locallv to the cords.

APHTHA.

425

Formula. — In catarrhal aphonia, potassium bromide, 2 drs. ; extract of
aconite, 2 grs. ; tartar emetic, 1 gr. ; syrup of prunes, 12 drs. Dose — 1 dr.
internally. Or ammonia water, 4 drs. ; thymol, 15 grs. ; kaolin or carbonate
of magnesia, 15 grs. ; water, 1 oz. For inhalation.

Aphthae, stomatitis — Catarrhal stomatitis.

Acid boric alone as lotion 1 in 50 or
with bismuth as a paste locally.
Chromic locally to aphthos.

,, carbolic solution with potas-
sium chlorate as a mouth wash
and gargle or a concentrated
solution with glycerin — locally
as a caustic.

n hydrochloric with tincture cap-
sici and honey, locally. Ap-
plied to ulcers, mercurial or
aphthous.

,, nitric — paint or internally in a
diluted form.

», nitro-hydrochloric dilute as
gargle.

)f salicylic dissolved in alcohol.
Locally (1 in 250) of water to
ease the pain of catarrhal
stomatitis.

,, sulphurous dilute as a spray
or strong acid locally.

Actol.

Alcohol — Brandy and water as a lo-
tion.

Alum burnt — locally applied in ul-
cerative form.

„ borax and honey gargle and
wash.

Argenti nitras, locally.

Bezoar.

Borax with potassium chlorate or
with honey or with glyce-
rin. Locally in thrush in the
mouth.

,, with thymol and alcohol as a
wash.

Chlorine water, locally.

Glycerini boracis, locally.

Glycozone alone, or with tannin
locally applied, is useful in ulcera-
tive stomatitis.

Grey powder in dyspeptic ulcers
to remove indigestion.

Honey.

Hydrogen dioxide.

Iodole.

Lime water as a mouth-wash in
ulcerative form.

Magnesii carbonate internally.

Mel boracis, locally.

Bismuth salicylate and naphthol
internally.

,, in aphthae of nursing chil-
dren locally.

Calx — Lime water and milk.
Chloride of lime.

Copper sulphate locally or solution
as a paint on edges of the gums
in ulcerative stomatitis.

Ferric chloride tincture with quinine
(4 to 1) as application.

Mercury bichloride (1 in 1000)
as gargle.

,, with prepared chalk in-

ternally to remove dyspepsia.
Ochre.

Potassium chlorate 10 grs. internally,
also locally in ulcerative
stomatitis of nursing
women and in aphthae.

,, bromide to relieve irri-

tability.

,, iodide locally ; the solution

grs. 4 to 1 ounce of water
in syphilitic aphthae.

,, permanganate.

Pyoktanin.

Salol.

Salvia.

Sanitas.

Silver nitrate a weak solution or
locally the stick in thrush.

Soda bicarb, and rhubarb.

Sodii biboras and honey — locally.

,, salicylas with cocaine and
water as gargle.

,, chloras, fluoridum, sozoidol,
thiosulphate, sulphas as a
wash (1 in 8) or gargle.

54

426

APOPLEXY.

Sweet spirit of nitre.
Tonics.

Thymol.

Zinc acetate.

,, sulphate as wash and gargle.
,, sozoidol.

Apoplexy-

Acid hydrobromic with ergot.
Bromides (in large doses).

Electricity (to promote absorption).
Galvanic current.

Diet (avoid stimulating food or drink Hygiene (to avoid exposure to hot
as beer ; avoid excitement, over- sun-heated rooms),
eating).

Diet —Avoid stimulating food and drink, exposure to hot sun, excitement
of the mind, heated room and over-feeding.

Ascites—

Arsenic (if ascites is due to weak Laparotomy and washing out of the
heart and to old age). abdominal cavity in cases of tuber-

Diuretin when of renal or cardiac cular peritonitis with effusion,
origin Diuretics may be tried. Milk diet is useful by causing profuse

Gold salts are useful in ascites due alvine and urinary discharges,
to hepatic disease or to indura- Paracentesis abdominis (to relieve
tion of the abdominal organ. excessive effusion).

Asphyxia and Apnoea in new-born infant or in adult.

External remedies. — Remove the mucus out of nostrils and throat. Pass
catheter into the trachea, and suck up any mucus left. Artificial respiration.

If due to foreign body in the air passages. Invert the patient, and strike
upon the back. Use probang or a pair of curved forceps or a wire made into
a hook to remove such foreign body ; draw out the tongue ; perform laryn-
gotomy or tracheotomy as a last resort.

If due to drowning , remove the body from the water very rapidly and gently
turn the face downwards, pull the tongue forward ; remove water or
mucus from over the entrance of the wind-pipe ; expose the neck and chest,
and give plenty of fresh air. Raise the body up, so that the water may have
a free discharge from the mouth. Try artificial respiration. Restore the body
temperature by applying ammonia near to the nostrils. Hot bricks to the
body, hot ginger powder rubbed over both limbs, hot water bottles to the feet,
and cold douche to the face and chest to excite respiration. In urgent cases
forced in sufflation of air, oxygen, electricity, faradization or galvanism is
very useful.

If due to chloroform, or to inhalation of noxious gases, such as gases of
combustion or of illuminating gases as carbonic acid gas, carbon monoxide,
acetalene, &c., the immediate remedies are : — Amyl nitrite inhalation or
internally ; artificial respiration ; oxygen inhalation ; supra-renal extract,
internally. Dash cold water on the face or slap the face. Inject hypo-
dermically nitroglycerin ~ gr. in the proecordia. Plenty of fresh air ; give
digitalis, as a heart tonic ; senega with ammonia as stimulating expec-
torant, See. If these measures fail, strip the body carefully and dry it, place
it in warm bed with head and shoulders slightly raised, and employ the
following methods : —

Mar shall- Hall’s method. — Place the patient flat on the face, use gentle
intermittent pressure on the back, turn the body slowly and laterally, then
on the face, and carefully bring into lateral posture, and repeat the process.

ASTHENOPIA.

427

Schultze's method . — Place your thumbs on the anterior part of the chest,
index fingers in the axilla, and other fingers on the back, the face, being
from you. Rotate (if the child) by swinging upward, so that the lower limbs
turn towards you ; again rotate to the original position. During forward
rotation do not support the head or legs ; then, bending upon or toward
the abdomen, set up a forced expiration.

Silvester s method. — Imitate the act of respiration, pull the tongue forward
to prevent obstruction to the entrance of air into the wind-pipe. Expand the
chest by drawing the arms from the sides of the body and upwards until they
almost meet over the head. Bring the arms down to the sides, causing the
elbows to meet over the pit of the stomach, thus producing contraction of the
chest, or in case of asphyxia, place the infant flat on the face, use intermittent
pressure with your hands on the back gently and repeatedly, turn the body
on the side or a little beyond, then on the face, repeat the process ; or
immerse the body alternately in hot and cold water. Throw cold water on
the chest and face. After long submersion (drowning), recovery is very rare.

The signs of approaching death in hopeless cases. — These are eyes open ;
pupils dilated, conjunctive insensible to light ; face placid ; skin cold ; frothy
mucus round the nostrils and mouth ; cessation of respiration and of heart-
beats.

Signs of life in still hopeful cases. — A string tied about the finger
causes the finger to swell and become red ; a needle inserted into the flesh is
tarnished by oxidation. Injection of ammonia under the skin forms a deep
red spot. Atropine dropped into the eye dilates the pupils. With bright
light the fingers look pink.

Signs of death having occurred. — A dark spot forms gradually on the white
of the eye (from drying of the sclerotic), and the dark chloroid shows through.
The fingers looking dead-white is a sure sign of death having taken place.

Asthenopia, myopia —

Atropine (to prevent, strain and con-
trol spasm of the accommodation).

Cold douche.

Hot compress.

Asthma —

Abrak (internally).

Acid hydriodic.

Do. sulphurous (by spray, inhala-
tion or fumigation).

Alcohol with amyl nitrite (in spas-
modic cases internally).

Alum.

Allyl tribromide.

Antimony tart (in children 1 gr. in
10 ozs. of wTater. Dose — 1 dr.).

Ammonium benzoate.

Do. carbonate with tartar
emetic.

Analgene.

Aniline sulphate.

Massage.

Glasses (proper number).

Rest to the eyes.

Strychnine.

Antipyrin (in bronchial asthma).

Antispasmin.

Arsenic as cigarettes, arsenic li-
quor internally or for hypoder-
mic injection. It is inadmissible in
organic disease of the lungs and
heart.

Asaprol.

Borax.

Bromides (very useful in purely
spasmodic cases).

Bromine salts.

Cerii oxalas.

Chamois leather (next to skin of the
chest).

428

ASTHMA.

Chloral in spasmodic asthma to ar-
rest the paroxysm (to be avoided
in organic, cardiac or renal
diseases).

Chloralamide.

Chloroform inhalation from warm
water.

Counter-irritants to be repeated.

Creosote vapour.

Erythrol tetra nitrate.

Ether internally in full doses.

Ethyl iodide (5 ms. as inhalation to
lessen subsequent attacks).

Ferri perchloride and oxide.

Galvanism (one pole beneath mas-
toid process and one pole to the
epigastrium).

Icthalbin.

Iodine paint.

Iodoform.

Liquor ethyl nitritis.

Milk.

Musk.

Mercurials.

Nitroglycerin (should be avoided if
there is heart-disease).

Paraldehyde. (Dose — 40 to 60 ms.
cuts short the attack.)

Pepsin in dyspepsia accompanying
asthma.

Potassium bromide (in full doses in
spasmodic asthma), iodide(in large
doses) if due to acute bronchial

catarrh, either alone or with lac*
tucarium and chloral. Potassium
iodide, sodium iodide and iodine
ointment (locally). Potassium
nitrate by inhalation of fumes or
of paper impregnated with nitre
to avert paroxysms.

Petroleum emulsion (| dr. internally).

Resorcin to relieve dyspnoea.

Sambersing.

Silver nitrate (injected into the tra-
chea or given internally).

Spermine (as tonic).

Sodium arsenite (internally as res-
piratory tonic). Sodium iodide,
potassium iodide and iodine in-
ternally.

Spiritus etheris compositus. Dose —
\ dr. is very useful in old people
with emphysema of chronic bron-
chitis.

Strontium iodide.

Sulphonal.

Sulphur fumes (also given inter-
nally).

Sulphurated potassa.

Turkish baths.

Zinci oxidum with conium to dimin-
ish liability to catarrhs. Zinci
sulphas to diminish the force and
frequency of the attacks. Zinci
valerianas.

Diet. — Heavy meal during the day, very little solid food in the even-
ing.

External remedies. — Avoid exciting causes, indigestible food, wet, damp,
sudden changes of temperature. Other remedies are : — Acetum bath, cold
bathing, compressed air, electricity, out-door exercise, shower bath, spong-
ing, Turkish bath.

Cigarettes made of the following : — Belladonna, coca leaves, dhatura
leaves, eucalyptus, stramonium, tobacco, grindelia, lobelia, nitrate of potash
and cannabis are very beneficial.

Inhalations. — The following are most important : — Acid sulphurous, allyl
tribromide, ammonia liquor, amyl nitrite (to check spasms), chloroform,
creosote vapour, erythrol tetra nitrate, ethyl iodide, nitrogen gas passed
through a jar containing fluid extract of conium, calabar bean and bella-
donna, oxygen gas (in nervous asthma), potassium nitrate fumes, pyridine
fumes or vapour.

ATHEROMA

429

Atheroma-Calcareous Degeneration-

Ammonium bromide or ammonium
iodide, to promote absorption of
deposit.

Arsenic alone or arsenic bromide if
cerebral symptoms are present or
when due to imperfect action of the
kidneys.

Balanitis— Phymosis—

Acid carbolic 5 per cent, solution
locally or with olive oil as
dressing.

,, tannic lotion.

Alcohol lotion.

Alum solution as warm lotion for in-
jection.

Bismuth subgallate locally.

Circumcision in chronic cases.

Cleanliness very important.

Disinfectants as wash.

Glycerin as a preventive, locally.

Bed Sores— Preventive and Curative —

Acid sulphurous as lotion.

Air cushions as preventive.

Alcohol or whisky with starch and
common salt as a wash.

Alum with white of egg or with tan-
nic acid and spirit of camphor,
locally.

Aristol.

Charcoal as dusting powder and
as poultice.

Collodium locally.

Dusting powders.

Eau de cologne as application or
wash to harden the skin.

Glycerin and starch or glycerin and
tannic acid or glycerin cream, lo-
cally as prophylactic.

Hydrargyri perchloridura as soution
with alcohol.

Ichthyol locally.

Iodine tincture as application.

Iodoform, ointment or as dusting
powder.

Iodol.

Iron chloride as tonic.

Aurum and arsenic bromide, very

efficient.

Barium chloride.

Cod liver oil with phosphates.
Hypophosphites or lactophosphates.

Lime water, or lead water as lotion
hydrargyri perchloridi 1 gr. in
1 oz. of lime water as a yellow
wash, or as lotion if there is not
much inflammation.

Liquor soda chlorinata solution
locally.

Oil applied beneath the foreskin.

Sozoiodole as a dusting powder.

Vini aromatici as a wash.

Zinc oxide as a dusting powder.

,, sulphate with warm water as
lotion or as injection.

Lead plaster.

Medicated poultices linseed or bran
with cataplasm carbonis if fcetor,
and with Balsam of Peru if
sloughing.

Mercury bichloride (1 in 5000) as a
wash, then iodoform or iodofor-
mogen as a dusting powder.

Nitrous ethersolution(i in 25) locally.

Oleate of silver locally.

Oleum sanitas as a wash.

Posture — change of posture as a good
preventive.

Pyoktannin.

Resin ointment.

Silver nitrate solution (1 in 25) as a
paint or to be dusted over excoria-
tions, but with unbroken skin.

Soap plaster after washing and after
dusting with iodoform.

Sozoiodole potassium.

Styptic colloid.

Tannoform.

Thymol ointment.

Zinc oxide ointment.

430

BERIBERI

Beriberi-

Amyl nitrite by inhalation in sudden
cardiac attacks.

Anodyne liniment for cramps.

Arsenic as tonic.

Bleeding or venesection from the
arm or from the jugular if failure
of heart is imminent.

Exercise in the open air, mild and
gentle.

Faradization.

Magnesium and sodium sulphate, to
drain the tissues of fluid.

Methylene blue.

Nitroglycerin internally.

Petroleum internally.

Potassium bromide and aconite
for cramps or excessive
hypersesthesia.

Silver nitrate as a nervine tonic.

Treak-ferook.

Z>*W— Nutritious : milk, eggs, wheaten flour. Avoid rice as being very
bulky.

External remedies . — Bleeding if cardiac distress, dry air, massage after
the muscular hypersesthesia has subsided, oxygen inhalation if cardiac com-
plication, puncture the skin if oedematous, rest in bed if cardiac complication,
removal from the infected house or place.

Hygiene — Dry locality. Room sunny and well ventilated. Sea voyage is
beneficial.

Biliousness —

Acid hydrochloric dilute with pepsin
after meals ; in dyspepsia.

,, nitro-hydrochloric — in hepatic
torpor.

Alkalies — in indigestion due to rheu.
matism, to uric acid diathesis, or to
obstruction to the flow of bile.

Alkaline mineral waters — in obstruc-
tion to the flow of bile or catarrh
of bile ducts.

Ammonium chloride — in hepatic de-
rangements, jaundice
due to catarrh of bile
ducts.

,, iodide 2 grs. with arsenic
in catarrh of biliary ducts and in
catarrh of duodenum.

Argenti oxidum.

Bismuth salts.

Blue pill 5 to 10 grs.

Bromides and chloral hydrate.

Calomel 2 to 10 grs., followed by
Epsom salt if the tongue is coated
or furred.

Carlsbad water.

Chloral hydrate.

Fel bovinum.

Ferri picras.

Friedrichshall water.

Gold chloride.

Grey powder.

Horse exercise.

Manganese in gouty or malarial
jaundice.

Mercurial cathartics if there is excess
or deficiency of bile.

Mercury bichloride if pale stools.

Mercury iodide (green) or oxide
(yellow) gL gr. with sugar of milk
in disorders of the alimentary
canal.

Milk cure in obstinate cases.

Oxgall.

Salol.

Skimmed milk.

Sodium phosphate 10 grs. in head-
ache due to catarrh of bile ducts.
Sodium tauro-cholate.

Bites and stings of venomous insects

Acetate of lead solution, locally.

Acid boracic, locally.

,, carbolic, dilute to sponge the
body in mosquito and scorpion
bites.

Acid chromic — locally.

,, nitric— local application.

,, salicylic 1. with flexible collodion
19 for bites of insects to relieve the
pain.

BITES OF SNAKES.

431

Alkalies— a weak solution locally
to neutralize the formic acid.

Alum for scorpion bites.

Ammonia liquor — locally in stings of
insects and also internally.

Ammonium carbonate, hypodermi-
cally for wounds by poison arrows.

Aqua calcis — locally for stings of
bees and wasps.

Brandy or rum, hot — internally.

Calcium cholride solution injected
into the wound.

Chloroform on lint locally.

Collodion with acid salicylic (10 to 1)
locally.

Creolin.

Eau de cologne.

Ether locally.

Forceps, fine pointed, to remove rem-
nant of the sting.

Hydrogen dioxide.

Bites — Snake-bites —Venom —

Acid carbolic — locally.

,, chromic — injection into the
wound.

,, nitric — locally.

Alcohol internally.

Ammonite carbonaum hypodermically
as nervine stimulant.

Anodynes as rectal injection.

Antimony potassio tart.

Antivenene as an antitoxin against
the venom of serpents.

Calcium chloride solution for injec-
tion.

Camphorated oil for massage and
friction.

Cauterization with nitrate of silver,
chloride of zinc, carbolic acid,
mineral acids, or actual cautery of
live coal, hot iron.

Ichthyol.

Mercury bichloride 1 in 1000 of flexi-
ble collodion locally.

Petroleum locally for scorpion bites
and mosquitoes.

Potassa caustica or potassa fusa for
dog bites.

Potassium permanganate — solution 15
per cent, round scorpion bites and
insect stings.

Sanitas oil locally.

Silver nitrate locally to every sinuo-
sity of the wound.

Soap in itching of mosquitoes.

Spirit ammon. aromat. for hypodermic
injection.

Stimulants.

Sugar powdered— locally, to stings of
wasps.

Treak-ferook.

Vinegar.

Chlorinated lime solution locally.

Electricity.

Excision of the wound.

Gold chloride.

Ligature to the wound to prevent
absorption.

Liquor ammoniae 10 to 20 ms. inter-
nally every half hour in water or
wine. Locally applied and hypoder-
mically injected.

Potassium permanganate strong
solution 1 in 6 locally, or injected
subcutaneously in rattle-snake.

Silver nitrate — round the wound.

Spirit aemmoniae aromaticus — inter-
nally.

Stimulants freely.

Whisky freely in rattle-snake.

Formula — Cataplasm. — Liquor ammoniae mixed with flax seed meal
slippery elm-bark ; applied over the wound and surrounding small area.
Bladder — irritable —

Ammonium benzoate if due to en-
larged prostate or phosphatic or
alkaline urine.

Antipyrin, 20 grs., as rectal or
vesical injection to relieve irrita-
bility.

or

Cantharis to relieve irritability in
women without acute inflamma-
tion ; also in incontinence.

Carbonic acid for injection into the
bladder. To be avoided if there
is acute cystitis.

432

BLEPHARITIS.

Blepharitis— Tinea Tarsi (eyelids)—

Alkaline lotions, warm, to remove
the secretion.

Alum solution 8 grs. to i oz. of water
as application.

Ammonium chloride solution locally.

Benzoin tincture locally.

Bismuth subnitrate and glycerin as
application in ciliary and glan-
dular affections.

Borax as a wash.

Cadmium sulphate.

Chloral hydrate — to remove scabs
and crusts.

Copper sulphate solution well dilut-
ed as a wash.

Creolin, 2 per cent, solution locally.

Gaduol — as a tonic.

Ichthalbin— alterative internally.
Ichthyol, locally.

Iron — tonic.

Largin.

Mercury and morphine.

,, nitrate or brown citron
ointment very useful after remov-
ing the crusts.

Milk, locally as a wash.

Potassium chlorate as a wash.
Protargol.

Pulsatilla— internally and externally.
Pyoktannin, locally.

Silver nitrate— locally to the inside
of the lids.

Sodium bicarbonate — lotion locally.
Tannin as dusting powder or solu-
tion, 5 g"rs* to 1 oz. as application.

Glycerino-phosphates — as tonic.

Formula. — Application : Ungt. hydrarg. nit., 3 grs. ; hydrarg. oxidi rubri,
3 grs.; acidi arseniosi, i gr.; almond oil, 10 ms.; vaseline, 1 dr. Ointment for
the lids.

Boils, Anthrax, Furunculosis —

Acid carbolic solution 5 per cent, for
dressing after opening the boil
to prevent migration of cocci
into the skin from the origi-
nal boil ; for subcutaneous in-
jection 3 per cent, solution or
undiluted ; applied to a thread
which is passed through cen-
tre of boil to cause absorption.
„ nitrate of mercury as abortive.

1, salicylic to destroy staphyloc-
cus pyogenes — 2 per cent,
solution in alcohol as a wash
or as a plaster of 50 per cent,
strength or as ointment 2\ per
cent, in vaseline to hasten
necrotic process.

,, sulphuric aromatic to abort if
tendency to boils, 10 to 15 ms. in-
ternally.

Alcohol with camphor and oil
smeared over boils to absorb.

Alcohol with tincture benzoin locally
to arrest boils.

Aluminium acetate solution (1 in 4
of water) to abort.

,, aceto-tartrate.

Alumnol.

Antiphlogistine.

Aqua calcis on a compress to pro-
mote suppuration.

Arsenic sulphide to prevent recur-
rence.

Boric acid 4 per cent, warm solution
applied externally on compresses
or by gentle friction or given inter-
nally. Dose — 5 grs. in wafer.

Useful to abort, to cure if matured
and to prevent the formation of
new ones.

Calcium hydrate— limewater — local-
ly on compresses to the part.

Calcium chloride in solution locally
or as fomentation to pro-
mote suppuration.

,, sulphide gr. | to | inter-
nally with sugar of milk.

Calx sulphurata ^ to \ internally.

Chloral hydrate 1 to 3 of glycerin
as solution to cover the boil by a
tampion of cotton.

Collodium application — to absorb
during pustular or papular stage.

BREATH, FCETID OR FOUL.

433

Counter-irritation by blisters or by
iodine or by plasters surrounding
the boils.

Egg-yellow, with lime locally applied.

Ferri perchloridi, locally.

Gaduol, internally as alterative.

Ichthalbin, internally.

Ichthol.

Ichthyol, topically.

Iodine tincture i , to 3 of water.
Locally to abort — hypodermically,
also internally.

Iodoform— locally as dusting powder.

Iodoformogen.

Lead carbonate or subacetate as
lotion, locally.

Mel with yolk of egg.

Mercury — iodide red or binodide,
ointment or plaster as a prophy-
lactic.

Mercury bichloride (1 in 1,000),
locally as a wash.

Phosphate of sodium internally.

Phosphorus internally.

Potassa fusa as a caustic inserted
into the openings.

Potassium chlorate as alterative
with mineral acids, inter-
nally.

,, permanganate — lotion to
hasten suppuration and to allay
pain.

Poultices.

Pyoktannin.

Silver nitrate solution 40 grs. to ioz.
of nitrous ether as a paint
over adjacent part to abort.

Sodii sulphis, locally.

Sodium phosphate, internally.

Strapping concentrically.

Subcutaneous incisions.

Sulphides in small doses — to hasten
suppuration.

Sulphur, internally.

Sulphurated lime.

Sulphurous mineral waters — to abort
mature or hard suppuration.

Formula.— Syrupus sulphatum contains sulphates of berberine, quinine,
iron, potassium and sodium, with sulphuric acid, glycerin and spirit of
chloroform. Dose — 4 drs.

Application. — Acidi carbolici, 10 ms.
1 dr. ; collodion, 1 dr.

Breath, foetid or foul, due to disordered

Bismuth sulphophenylate, internally.
Carbolic acid diluted, as a mouth
wash or gargle.

,, acid and glycerin lozenges.
Charcoal internally.

Chlorinated lime solution as a wash
for the mouth.

Chlorine water solution as a wash.
Digestion to improve.

Eucalyptus oil as gargle, and
lozenges.

Bone Diseases— Caries —

; acidi tannici, 40 grs. ; olei ricini,

digestion or bad teeth—

Permanganate of potassium 1 gr. to
1 oz. of water as a wash and gargle.
Potassium chlorate and borax as
lozenges.

Sanitas fluid as a gargle.

,, oil.

Teeth to clean.

Thymol solution as a mouth wash to
remove foul odour of tobacco.

Necrosis — Exostosis — Nodes — Periostitis —

Acid carbolic lotion, disinfectant in
caries.

,, phosphoric (1 in 8) locally.
Ammonium iodide internally in sy-
philitic periostitis.

Aristol in caries.

Aurum salts internally in syphiloma.

55

Calcium chloride in strumous dia-
thesis.

,, carbonate and chloride in
caries.

,, phosphates in rickets.
Cod-liver oil — in scrofula to promote
constructive metamorphosis.

434

bright’s disease, acute.

Di-iodoform in caries.

Excision in exostosis if necessary.

Ferrous iodide internally.

Gaduol in syphliloma.

Glyceri no-phosphates internally.

Hypophosphites internally.

Incisions carried deeply in periostitis
followed by compresses and band-
age.

Iodine tincture— locally in scrofulous
affections.

Iodoform plug in caries.

Iodole locally in caries.

Lacto-phosphates and lactates in-
ternally.

Mercury iodide, red, if caries is due
to syphilis.

,, oleates and morphine lo-

cally in nodes.

,, or iodine ointment to be

rubbed in exostosis.

Operation to remove sequestrum in
necrosis or caries.

Phosphorus as phosphates of cal-
cium and iron calcium lacto-phos-
phate in rickets.

Potassa fusa introduced into the fis-
tula to convert it into large opening
to permit the removal of necrosed
or caried portion of the bone.

Potassium carbonate — concentrated
solution locally in caries.

,, Iodide, with tincture of
iodine internally and
locally in syphitic nodes
or caries.

Poultices locally in periostitis and
necrosis.

Pyoktannin.

Resection of the devitalized bone in
caries or necrosis with poultices,
water dressings or stimulating
lotions to aid the work of repair
in caries or necrosis.

Sozoidol mercury or potassium for
caries.

Stimulants.

Strontium iodide.

Sulphuric acid injection (i to 2 of
water) in carious bone and in
cases of superficial caries.

Tonics — nutritious food.

Water dressings in necrosis.

Diet. — Nutritious— outdoor exercise — wines.

Formula. — Zinc sulphate, 15 ; cupri sulphate, 15 ; liq. plumbi acetatis, 20 ;
negar, 200. The solution for injection into the sinuses.

Bright’s Disease, Acute-

Antiphlogistic regimen.

Antipyrin.

Arsenic, arsen hsemol internally.
Avoid stimulants.

Cupping in lumbar region to relieve
congestion.

Demulcents.

Diluents as milk.

Diuretics, as water, to increase the
flow of urine, or those which act
on the secreting cells of the kid-
neys.

Fuchsine. Dose — J to 1 gr.
Ichthalbin internally.

Ichthyol.

Leeches over the loins.

Liquor ferri ammonii acetatis.
Methylene blue.

Milk, skimmed or milk sugar.

Nitrous ether.

Potassium citrate, bromide, iodide
sulphate, or bitartrate largely
diluted, to relieve congestion, to
prevent accumulation and to re-
move effete matters from urinary
tubules.

Poultices very useful.

Rest.

Sodium salts, as chloride, benzoate,
iodide, nitrite, and phosphate, very
useful.

Strontium bromide and lactate very
efficient in acute nephritis.

Tannalbin.

Vapour bath to increase the action
of the skin.

Warm baths.

bright’s disease, chronic.

435

Formula. — Sodium iodide, 15 grs. ; sodium phosphate, 30 grs. ; sodium chlo-
ride, 90 grs. Dose — \ to 1 dr. in albuminuria dependent upon nephritis.

External remedies. — Baths— Turkish bath, hot or vapour bath to increase the
acTtion of the skin, counter-irritants, dry cupping, enema— warm water ; inci-
sions to the oedematous swellings, local abstraction of blood, poultices over
the loins, rest, turpentine stupes, warm baths.

Formula. — Potassii iodidi, 1 dr. ; tinct. digitalis, 2 drs. ; syrup scillae, 4 drs. ;
liquor ammon. acet., 8 drs. ; fl. ext. phytolacca, 2 drs. ; syrup sarzae. comp.,
4 ozs. As a tonic. Dose — 2 drs. In Bright’s disease.

2. Sodii chloridi, 180 grs. ; potassii chloridi, 9 grs. ; potassii sulphatis,
6 grs. ; potassii carbonatis, 3 grs. ; sodii carbonatis, 36 grs. ; magnesii car-
bonatis, 3 grs. ; calcii phosphatis precipitata, 30 grs. ; calcii carbonatis,
3 grs. ; ferri reductum, 27 grs. ; ferri carbonatis, 3 grs. Mix. Dose — 3 to
6 grs. In chronic albuminuria.

Bright’s Disease, Chronic—

Acid nitric with bichloride of mer-
cury— internally.

Acid phosphoric dilute.

Alkaline salts — as sodium benzoate,
potassium bicarbonate, potassium
citrate — as diuretics.

Ammonio citrate of iron.

Ammonium acetate and benzoate.

Aqua calcis to lessen albumen.

Baths — warm, Turkish.

Bromides to relieve uraemic convul-
sions.

Cod liver oil.

Fomentation (hot) to the lumbar re-
gion.

Gold chloride with arsenic.

,, trichloride ^ to ^ gr. in
interstitial nephritis.

Haemogallol.

Haemol.

Hydrargyri bichloridi, gr.

Iodo caffeine.

Diet. — Nourishing : milk, eggs, beans and peas ; avoid animal food.

Bronchiectasis—

Attend to general health. Hypophosphites and phosphates to

Inhalations of chlorine s o 1 u t i o n, lessen expectoration and to relieve
creosote or iodine vapour as stimu- cough,
lant and deodorizer to lessen Terebene by inhalation,
foetor.

Iodo theobromine.

Iron to improve digestion and to
correct anaemia.

Lead salts to lessen albumen.

Mineral waters.

Nitro-glycerin — to relieve heart
and renal congestion, to dilate
renal peripheral vessels and to
lessen albumen.

Oxygen inhalation, to lessen
albumen.

Ozonic ether.

Potassium bitartrate to remove
effete matter.

,, iodide in syphilitic cases.

,, bromide — in uraemia.

Skimmed milk.

Urea.

Uropherin.

Water as diuretic in large doses to
increase excretion of solids.

Bronchitis, Acute—

Acetanilid, 4 grs., to arrest the
attack.

Acid nitric dilute 10 ms. when the
expectoration is free and copious.

Alkalies — to render the expectora-
tion less viscid.

Ammonii acetate liquor as a sudori-
fic, very useful for children.

436

BRONCHITIS, CHRONIC.

Ammonium bromide — to relieve the
chest pain.

Antimony potassi tartras — Dose
gr. in plethoric subjects if
cough is violent.

Chloroform by inhalation to relieve
cough if violent.

Chlorophenol.

Creolin.

Dionin.

Emetics.

Eucalyptol.

Eucalyptus with belladonna as lini-
ment locally.

Ethy iodide.

Heroin with antikamnia, very useful
to relieve pain.

Iodoform — internally.

Koumyss.

Naphthalin.

Narcotics or sedatives.

Nauseant expectorants.

Oxygen inhalation if dyspnoea
exists.

Peronin.

Pyridine as inhalation.

Sodium benzoate.

Diet. — Liquid, light food.

External remedies. — Cold bath to enable the patient to expel the mucus, dry
cupping, heat by fomentation, dry or moist to the chest. Hygiene — fresh air,
moisture with steam. Poultices, as mustard poultices, linseed and bran, jacket
poultices, steam inhalation.

Bronchitis, Chronic —

Acid carbolic as inhalation, or 5
grs.to 1 oz.of cosminol as spray
by an atomizer or 1 in 100 of
steam combined with tincture
of iodine, 5 per cent., as spray.
,, hydriodic internally.

,, hydrobromic as a sedative.

,, hydrocyanic dilute as anti-
spasmodic.

,, nitro-muriatic as lotion, to
sponge the chest.

Ammonii carbonas with tincture of
senega and opium as stimulant
expectorant if there be much
depression and viscid mucus.

Ammonium chloride internally.

,, iodide internally — in

chronic bronchitis.

Argentum nitrate solution, 10 grs.
to 1 oz., locally, to the throat on a
probang.

Arsenic liquor 2 ms. or arseniate of
iodine with infusion of calumba in-
ternally or arsenic cigarettes when
emphysema is present.

Bezoar.

Calcium phosphate. Dose— 1 gr., to
check profuse discharge.

Cerii oxalas, 5 gr. doses, relieves
harassing* cough and dyspnoea.

Chlorine water for inhalation or in-
ternally.

Cod-liver oil, as a sedative to the
mucous membranes. It allays
cough.

Creosote by inhalation and by
stomach in old persons with pro-
fuse discharges.

Expectorants.

Ferri oxidum or ferri aromatica
mixture to check profuse expecto-
ration.

Helenin i to \ gr.

Hydrogen dioxide solution (1 to 3)
1 dr. internally in dyspnoea.

Iodides — ammonium iodide with

expectorants.

Iron, lead or zinc oxide to check
profuse expectoration.

Koumiss.

Liquor ethyl nitritis.

Naphthalene 1 gr. with codea ^ gr.
to lessen expectoration and to
alleviate cough.

Nitro-glycerin. Dose — 4 ms* J
per cent, solution.

Nuclein as a tonic.

BRONCHITIS, CHRONIC.

437

Petroleum — i dr. internally.
Phosphate of lime, quinine and
strychnine, to relieve cachexia.
Potassa sulphurata.

Potassae liquor if the secretion is
scanty and viscid.

Potassium iodide in advanced cases.
,, chlorate to promote ex-
pectoration.

,, hypophosphite as a tonic.
External remedies. — Cupping ; plasters

Sodium salts, as borates, hypo-
phosphites, hyposulphites, iodides
and nitrates in chronic cases to
check foetid expectoration.

Sulphur 5 to io grs. if there is
abundant discharge.

Warburg’s tincture to relieve
cough.

Zinc sulphate internally to relieve
cough.

; counter-irritants as ammonia water,

almond oil and oleum rosemary ; mustard poultices ; tartar emetic ointment ;
liniments of croton oil, eucalyptus oil, turpentine or iodine, with oil of amber
and olive oil.

Inhalations —

Acid carbolic 5 per cent, solution.

,, sulphurous gas as spray.

Alum by insufflation.

Ammonia as spray to lessen expec-
toration.

Ammonium chloride with eucalyptus
oil as spray by an atomizer.
Arsenic cigarettes.

Chloroform.

Creosote with hot water.

Eau de cologne.

Ethyl iodide.

Formalin as a spray.

Hot water vapour.

Iodine with hot water.

Potassii nitratis paper as fumes.

Chlorine water.

Formula— Compound powder . — Talisady churana or confection. It contains
talispatra, black pepper, long pepper, ginger, bamboo manna, cardamoms,
cinnamon — equal parts, and sugar. Given in phthisis, chronic bronchitis,
asthma and vesical catarrh.

Chronic Bronchitis among workers when due to cotton or flax particles of
-dust.

Mixture. — Ammoniae chloridi, 5 grs. ; ammoniae carbonatis, 5 grs. ; tinct.
scillae, io ms.; tinct. camph. co., 15 ms. ; inf. senegae, 1 oz. ; syrup tolutani,
10 ms. Dose — 1 oz.

Liniment. — Turpentine, 3 ozs. ; acetic acid, 4 drs. ; yolk of eggs, two ;
lemon oil, 1 dr. ; rosemary water, 2 ozs.

Pills.— Ammoniacum, 15 grs. ; ammoniae carbonatis, 14 grs. ; ipecacuanhae,
4 grs. ; morphiae muriatis, 2 grs. ; acacia — to make a pill mass. Dose — 4 grs.

Sedative cough mixture. — 1. Acid hydrocyan. dil. , 1 m. ; spt. chloroformi,
.5 ms. ; acid hydrobromic dilute, 6 ms. ; syrup senegae, 15 ms. ; syrup scillae,
15 ms. ; syrup pruni virginianae, 60 ms. Mix for one dose.

2. Ammon, muriate, 1 dr. ; ext. euphorbiae piluliferi fluid, 3 drs. ; tinct.
digitalis, 30 ms.; atropine sulph., gr. ; chloroform, 15 ms.; syrup tolut.,
i oz. ; syrup picis liquid, 1 oz. ; aquae, 4 ozs. Dose — 1 oz.

Bronchitis, Capillary —

Alum as nauseating expectorant. Ammonium carbonate with carbolic
Ammonium carbonate if the child is acid by inhalation if

prostrate and livid — often spe- profuse expectoration,

cific. ,, iodide in small doses if

catarrh.

438

BRONCHOCELE.

Ammonium muriate 2 grs. with po-
tassium chlorate 2 grs., to promote
the secretion if dry.

Antimony, sulphurated, gr. with
Dover’s powder, if fever ex-
ists.

Cupping, wet or dry, over the
back.

Emetics if suffocative symptoms
exists.

Ethyl iodide by inhalation.

Hydrargyrum sub-sulphate as ati
emetic, or as nauseant expec-
torant.

Iodides to lessen viscidity of the
expectoration.

Jacket poultices to the chest.

Steam inhalation with sedatives or
carbolic acid.

Stimulants if prostration or in
suffocative form.

Bronchocele. — Exophthalmic Goitre, Grave’s or Basedow’s disease.

Acid carbolic by injection.

,, fluoric 15 ms. to 1 oz. largely
diluted.

,, hydriodic.

,, hydrofluoric \ per cent, solution,
10 to 30 ms. as injection.

,, osmic.

,, salicylic.

Aconitum napellus.

Ammonium chloride internally ; very
efficient.

Analgesine.

Arsenic liquor 3 ms. increased grad-
ually.

Aurum bromide £ gr. has been of
benefit.

Blister the surface.

Bromide of potassium and iron in
anaemic cases.

Bromine — to rub over the swell-
ing.

Cadmium iodide internally and
oleate locally.

Calcium chloride internally.

Chalybeate waters.

Counter-irritation.

Electricity.

Exalgine has been occasionally
used with success.

Excision in extremely rare cases.

Ferric chloride solution for in-
jections in hypertrophy of the
gland.

Ferric bromide, fluoride or io-
dide.

Fluoride of ammonium solution 4
grs, to 1 oz.

Galvanism of the eyes and thyroid
gland or of the pneumogastric or
of the cervical sympathetic in
simple cases.

Glycerino phosphates.

Iodalbacid or iodide of albumen.

Iodine tincture internally, and
locally as ointment, or by injec-
tion into the parenchyma of the
ordinary goitre, avoiding a vein,
skin or the surrounding oreolar
tissue.

Iodoform internally and extern-
ally.

Iodoformogen, iodopin or iodothy-
rine.

Iron with digitalis of great bene-
fit.

Mercury iodide red, ointment 10
grs. to an ounce, locally, in
simple hypertrophy to be used
in front of hot fire or hot
sun.

Pancreatin is successful.

Potassium bromide internally.

,, iodide internally and as
ointment externally in simple
hypertrophy.

Seton through the tumour has been
of benefit.

Splenic extract very useful.

Spongia usta.

Thyroid extract 1 to 2 drs. has been
of benefit.

Thyroidin-sicca,

BRONCHORRHEA.

439

Bronchorrhea— Chronic Bronchial Catarrh —

Acid carbolic i m. internally, or by
spray 5 grs. to 1 oz., or as so-
lution (1 in 10 of water) with
alcohol 6, liquor ammonia 6,
and water 10, for inhalation is
of great benefit.

,, sulphurous gas by inhalation or
in solution as spray.

Aldehyde as vapour.

Alum as a remote astringent.

Ammonium carbonas.

,, chloride as stimulant

expectorant.

,, iodide with arsenic given

internally to improve health.

Cod-liver oil as a restorative.

Creosote.

Eucalyptol.

Eucalyptus oil 2 ms. on sugar inter-
nally.

Bubo-

Acid carbolic by injection.

,, nitric application to indolent
and unbroken bubo.

,, salicylic.

Antimony potassio tart, to reduce
inflammation internally.

Aristol locally after operation.

Avoid free incision.

Beta naphthol.

Blisters followed by iodine applica-
tion for absorption.

Calomel locally for indolent buboes,
not healing after operation.

Chloral hydrate.

,, hydrate 25 per cent, solution
locally.

Cleanliness.

Copper sulphate (1 in 150) as a wash.

Creolin.

Diaphtherin.

Europhen.

Hydrargyri oxidum rubrum.

,, perchloridum, locally the
saturated solution, to form an
eschar.

Ice to the swelling to relieve pain
and lessen inflammation.

Ichthyol.

Diet.— Generous, with cod-liver oil.

Gaduol.

Iodine tincture by inhalation or
iodine liniment as counter-irrita-
tion to the front and back of the
chest.

Iodoform internally 1 or 2 grs., or as
a spray to check foetid secretions.

Iodole.

Lead acetate 2 grs. as astringent,
to lessen secretion when profuse.

Petroleum internally in capsules
rapidly improves.

Phosphates as restorative.

Sanitas oil locally as spray.

Spinal ice bag, to lessen excessive
secretion.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi internally.

Sulphurous acid gas by inhalation
or in solution as spray.

Zinc oxide.

Iodine locally as counter-irritant
to produce vesication round a bubo
to relieve inflammation with rest
and compress to cause absorption.

Iodoform locally ; iodole.

Lead lotion as compresses.

Mercury if syphilitic buboes ; calo-
mel locally, if refusing to heal after
opening.

Orthoform.

Peroxide of hydrogen as a wash
and compress after opening.

Potassa fusa.

Potassio tartrate of iron. Inter-
nally or as lotion to phagedenic
sore.

Potassium chlorate locally.

Poultice emollient.

Pressure by a sponge compress or
by a brick.

Pyoktannin.

Resorcin.

Rest.

Silver nitrate locally to stimulate
indolent buboes.

Sozoiodole potassium as a wash.

Sulphides to check suppuration.

Xeroform.

440

BRUISES— SPRAINS

Bruises— Sprains—

Acid acetic diluted, locally.

,, sulphurous as solution locally,
constantly applied.

Alcohol with tannin and ether
locally.

Alkalies as lotion.

Ammonium chloride in solution as
lotion or for poultices.

Borax lotion.

Chloride of sodium with cold water.

Cold douche — cold affusion with a
little salt.

Eau de cologne and water as lotion.

Heat applied by fomentation.

Hot foot-bath in ankle sprain.

Ice locally.

Lead lotion with opium locally.

Rest to the body, to the part by a
roller bandage with splints.
Sodium bicarbonate solution as
lotion.

,, chloride as dry fomentation
Vinegar and common salt as lotion*
Whisky and water as lotion.

Zinc sulphate as lotion.

Burns and Scalds — Abrasions— Intertrigo.

Amixture of aristol i, olive oil 2, vase-
line 8, as an application in burns.

Acetanilid with triticum vulgare as
dusting powder.

Acid boracic as saturated solution
locally or as ointment (1 in 6)
in intertrigo.

,, carbolic alone, or with mor-
phia or with 1 in 30 of
liniment calcis or with 1 in 6
of olive oil; locally applied on
layers of cotton against foul
discharges. It relieves pain
and promotes healing.

,, picric with 1 in 16 of alcohol and
200 of water as a solution or
as an application on strips of
gauze in burns.

,, salicylic (1 in 8) of olive oil, in
burns.

,, salicylic with cocaine (15 to 1)
locally or as gauze.

Adeps preparatus.

Airol.

Alcohol lotion with ammonium
chloride, tincture of arnica
and camphor.

,, with tannic acid and ether.

Alkalies as lotion.

Alum or aluminium oleate as satu-
rated solution.

Amyl hydride.

Antipyrin 20 per cent, solution as
lotion or as ointment with boracic
acid and iodoform.

Antisepticin.

Argenti nitras solution 10 grs. to *
oz. in superficial burns.

Bismuth subgallate.

,, subnitrate, with tannic acid
and olive oil, in intertrigo.

Borax lotion.

Brick clay as plaster.

Calamine cerate.

Calcis glyceritum, locally.

Calcium bisulphite.

Calomel ointment (1 in 8) in inter-
trigo.

Cantharis tincture (1 in 40) as an
application on gauze.

Carbolic paste containing solution
of carbolic acid, gum, and treacle
— locally.

Carbonis ligni as a dusting pow-
der.

Carron oil liniment in burns.

Chloral hydrate with glycerin (1 to
4) for application.

Chlorinated soda (liquor) with mor-
phia locally.

Chloroform liniment, locally.

,, or ether locally to allay
pain.

Cimolite as a dusting powder locally

Collodion flexible alone or with
castor oil (1 to 2) locally on burns,
of the first degree.

Creosote lotion (1 in 200).

Creolin 5 per cent, as ointment.

CACHEXIA.

441

Creta preparata with acetic acid as
cream for application.

Di-iodoform.

Emol.

Eucalyptus oil.

Fel bovinum externally.

Ferri sulphatis lotion (1 to 200)
locally.

Flour as a dusting powder to ex-
clude air.

Fuller’s earth as a dusting powder.
Glycerin with tragacanth locally.
Gutta percha as a protective.
Ichthyol as insufflation or ointment.
Iodine locally as discutient.
Iodoform, bismuth and boracic acid
as dusting powder or as
ointment with lanolin.
Do. gauze and cerate.
Iodoformogen.

Iodol.

Isinglass plaster.

Lead carbonate as white lead'; paint
or with linseed oil as paste
in burns.

Do. lotion with opium locally.
Magnesia locally.

Mercury bichloride as lotioiv (1 in
2,000) as a wash.

Ochre.

Oiled silk.

Photoxylion, like collodion, as a
local application.

Plumbi acetas solution locally.

Potassium permanganate solution 2
to 5 per cent, as a wash.

Pyoktannin 1 per cent, as solution.

Resorcin 1 or 2 per cent, as solution.

Sangjirun paste locally.

Sanitas oil locally.

Soap plaster or soap suds.

Sodii hyposulphis 8, with carbolic
acid 1, glycerin 4, and water 150,.
as lotion.

Sodium carbonate solution as lotion
to relieve pain and promote healing.

Soluble glass.

Sozoidole potassium and starch 1
per cent., or sozoidole sodium and
Venetian talc (1 in 10) as dusting
powder.

Starch as dusting powder.

Table salt — solution — wash..

Tannoform for excoriations.

Thymol ointment.

Tragacanth with acacia pulv. and
honey locally.

Zinc carbonate as dusting powder.

Do. ointment.

Do. stearate locally.

External remedies. — Absorbent dressing, bandaging, cotton wool to allay
pain and to exclude air, cold douche, compressed sponge locally, compres-
sion, dry heat, elevation of the part, exclusion of air, hot fomentation,
immerse the part in warm water, leeches, rest to the part, shampooing5
strapping, warm bath to exclude air.

Cachexia —

Abrak.

Acid nitric, useful in mercurial
cachexia or that following acute
diseases or intemperance.

Arsen-haemol or arsenic is a prompt
remedy in malarial and can-
cerous cachexia.

Aurum in cancerous, mercurial and
syphilitic cachexia, especially in
the tertiary stage.

Calcium phosphate. In scrofulous
and tubercular affections and in
affections marked by malnutrition*
56-

Chalybeate waters.

Cod-liver oil and fats to promote
constructive metamorphosis in
scrofula, tuberculosis, &c.

Cupro-hsemol.

Ferro-haemol or ferrum, or ferri am-
moniae citrate in cachexia due to
gastric ulcers, chlorosis, and in
strumous, syphilitic, anaemic or
splenic cachexia.

Glycerino-phosphates.

Iodine.

44 2

CALCULI (BILIARY)— GALLSTONE.

Phosphates. In bone diseases, leu-
corrhoea, wasting-, and bronchitic
cachexia.

Potassium iodide. In syphilitic
cachexia and that affecting- bones
and skin.

Manganese — as syrup manganesii
iodide, with ferrous iodide in anae-
mic, strumous, syphilitic, malarial
and cancerous cachexia.

Mercury. In syphilitic cachexia,
but with caution.

External remedies. — Baths, Turkish, if cachexia is due to mercury or lead,
electricity, fresh air, hygiene, massage, wet pack.

Calculi (Biliary)— Gallstone —

Acid nitric as alterative and hepatic
stimulants.

Do. nitro-hydrochloric, 3 ozs. in

Ferri perchloride tincture internally.
Do. succinas after meals ; contains
large proportion of nascent
oxygen as resolvent and pro-
phylactic.

Glycerin in lithiasis.

Mercury iodide (green) with soap
and manna as cholagogue.

Mineral water to be taken freely.
Olive oil in large doses.

Ox gall.

Sapo, efficient for their solution and
breaking up.

Sodium carbonate with hot water
internally in large quam
tity.

Do. oleate.

Do. phosphate 20 grs. in plenty
of water, before each
meal, as prophylactic.

Do. salicylate as prophylactic
to increase the secretion of bile
and to render it more watery.

Diet. — Avoid starchy food, fats, sugars, and alcohol. Exercise taken in
moderation. Meat, eggs, fish, fruits and vegetables to be taken freely.

Calculi— Renal and Vesical-

one gallon of water, as bath to
relieve pain and promote expul-
sion.

Anaesthetics during the passage.

Bath containing nitro-muriatic acid,
to relieve pain and to expel
calculus.

Butter.

Carlsbad waters as prophylactic.

Chloral hydrate with morphine. To
relieve spasms.

Chloroform internally, 20 ms., as a
solvent. As inhalation given
during spasm to relieve the pain.

Counter-irritants. To relieve pain
during the paroxysm.

Emetic to aid expulsion.

Ether and turpentine, equal parts,
as an anodyne, and as a solvent.

Acid hippuric.

Do. hydrochloric dilute 3 ms. to
1 oz. of water as vesical
injection in phosphatic
gravel.

Do. nitric dilute, 1 m. to 1 oz., as
injection to dissolve phosphates.

Alkalies — potassium and sodium salts
to resolve uric acid calculi.

Alkaline mineral waters containing
potassium salts, as Vichy waters.

Ammonium benzoate — to dissolve
phosphatic calculi,

Ammonium biborate in 20-gr. doses
with flax-seed tea in uric acid
calculi, to relieve pain.

Anaesthetics to relieve pain.

Borocitrate of magnesium to dis-
solve uric acid calculi.

Calcium carbonate, very efficient.

Chloroform by inhalation.

Counter-irritants to relieve pain
during its passage.

Formin, also hot fomentations to
relieve pain and alleviate spasm.

CANCER — EPITHELIOMA.

443

Lead acetate, \ gr. to i oz. of water,
as injection into the bladder to
prevent phosphatic calculi.

Lime water for injection into the
bladder.

Lithium salts, as lithium citrate, to
promote oxidation.

Lycetol.

Lysidine.

Magnesium boro citrate to prevent
uric acid gravel.

Diet. — In moderation, restricted use
reen vegetables, milk, mineral waters ;

Cancer, Epithelioma —

Acid acetic dilute (i to 3) £ dr. as
antiseptic injected into the
growth in epithelial cancer.
Do. arsenious with starch lo-
cally applied as a caustic.
Do. carbolic, pure. Injection
beneath or applied superfi-
cially to the sore tissues to
allay pain, to retard growth
and to remove foetor.

Do. carbonic as injection to re-
lieve pain.

Do. chromic, as escharotic, for
cancer on the tongue to
alleviate pain.

Do. lactic, picric, pyrogallic
and salicylic as dusting
powder or saturated solu-
tion, locally applied.

Do. sulphuric with asbestos (3
to 1) as paste.

Acids diluted internally in cancer of
the stomach.

Alcohol, pure, with ether, as in-
jection round the edges.

Aluminium sulphate, locally as a
caustic and disinfectant.

Ammonium salts as carbonate and
chloride. Internally.

Aniline.

Antimonii chloridum.

Argenti nitras, saturated solution
for injection hypodermically, fol-
lowed by a wash of sodium chlo-
ride ( 1 in 1,000).

Piperazine as solvent fcr uric acid
deposit and urates.

Potassium boro tartrate, potassium
carbonate, potassium citrate in
large doses to dissolve uric acid
crystals.

Poultices to the lumbar region to
relieve pain.

Water distilled as drink in plenty.

of sugar, fats, alcohol ; use freely
avoid animal food.

Aristol locally.

Arsenic with iodine and glycerin or
with orthoform applied
locally to cause slough.
Do. iodide or arsenious acid
given internally to lessenvomit-
ing and diminishes pain in cancer
of the stomach.

Aurum arsenate or gold and sodium
chloride is of benefit if given in-
ternally.

Bismuth subnitrate to relieve vomit-
ing and pain of gastric cancer.

Bromine alone or with alcohol (1 to
3) as an escharotic. 5 to 10 ms.
injected into uterine cancer with
relief.

Bromine chloride, rJ¥ of a drop
alone or combined with other
caustic to be followed by poul-
tices.

Calcii lacto phosphate, calcium
carbide, and calcium carbonate
(calcined oyster shells) as powder
applied locally to alleviate pain
and arrest the growth of cancer.

Carbo lignum — charcoal poultices
to lessen pain and foetor.

Carbon bisulphide 2 to 4 grs. in
almond oil, given internally in
cancer of the stomach.

Caustic alkalies, strong solution,
locally applied to dissolve cancer
cells.

444

CANCER — EPITHELIOMA.

Caustic containing zinc chloride and
flour (i in 3) made into arrows and
inserted into the tumour with
relief.

Cautery paquelin. To scar the
cervix.

Chloral hydrate iogrs. internally as
an anodyne to relieve pain.

Chloroform vapour as spray locally
to the raw surface of cancer.

Cinnabar, creolin, creosote, locally.

Cupri nitras solution as lotion lo-
cally.

Do. sulphas as an escharotic.

Curette scraping often gives re-
lief.

Di-iodoform.

Diptherin.

Electrolysis to relieve pain and to
diminish the growth.

Enema of water alone in intestinal
cancer to relieve pain and strain-
ing.

Ether sulph. as spray.

Europhen.

Ferri sulphas.

Gaduol.

Glycerino-phosphates internally.

Glycerin of tannin with glycerin
of carbolic acid to remove foetor
and to relieve pain.

Ichthyol.

Iodine — strong tincture with iron
chloride to check haemorrhage and
prevent extension of growth.

Iodoform inserted into the cavity of
the cancer to relieve pain and to
remove foetor.

Iodol.

Lime, quicklime, as caustic.

Manganese and iron iodido syrup
internally during cancerous cache-
xia.

Mercury acid nitrate and red sul-
phuret are used locally
with benefit.

Do. bichloride in small doses
internally retards the growth of
gastric cancer ; as solution for
irrigation it is very useful.

Methylene blue, in cancer of the
stomach to relieve pain and
to lessen irritation.

Milk koumis internally.

Nervonin.

Opium to allay pain.

Orthoform.

Ozone locally applied as an antisep-
tic and anodyne in cancer of the
tongue and throat.

Papain with thallin used locally
and also internally.

Pepsin injection into the tumour or
applied locally.

Plumbi nitras locally.

Potassa fusa as escharotic locally.

Potassium chlorate dusted as
powder, or locally used
as saturated solution
to relieve pain and to
remove foetor.

Do. permanganate as lotion
or wash.

Pyoktannin(methyl violet)as solution
for injection into the growth to
cause shrivelling up and its final
disappearance.

Resorcin, with 3 to 4 of vaseline,
locally as an ointment.

Sanitas oil.

Silica powdered with morphia (3 to
1) given internally.

Sodium bicarbonate as wash.

Do. ethylate as caustic.

Do. hyposulphite as solution to
remove foetor.

Sozoidol zinc applied locally.

Stypticin locally.

Thallin locally and internally.

Thyroid extract and its prepara-
tions have a curative action.

Toxins erysepelas and prodigiosus
used as injection is more efficient
in sarcoma than carcinoma.

Zinc chloride, 1 to 5 of flour, as an
escharotic is inserted into the
tumour.

Zinc sulphate as an escharotic. The
powder is dusted over the tumour.

CANCRUM ORIS.

445

External remedies.— Amputation of cervix in cancer of os, actual cautery or
Vienna paste, cold locally, electrolysis relieves pain and diminishes tumour,
enemata — warm water to lessen pain in cancer of the rectum, poultices of
charcoal, coffee or bread to relieve pain, pressure locally.

Formula. — Wheat flour 60, arsenic i, cinnabar 5, sal ammoniac 5, corrosive
sublimate zinc chloride liquor 2\. Mix, make a paste and apply.

Zinci chloridi 1, auri chloridi 1, antimoni chloridi 1, bromini chloridi 1,
starch 1, opium 1. Mix, make paste, and apply to the ulcerated surface.

Cancrum Oris— Gangrenous Stomatitis

Acid boric, citric or nitric-appli-
cation to the surface.

Arsenic in small doses.

Cautery actual.

Chlorine water as a wash.

Corrosive sublimate solution (1 i°
500).

Carbuncle (anthrax)—

Acid carbolic and quinine internally.

Do. nitric — application after the
carbuncle is first subject to drying
and cleaning.

Alcohol, internally.

Ammonium acetate alone or ammo-
nium carbonate with cinchona
internally to support the system.

Bromine, to saturate the surface in
anthrax.

Butyl chloral hydrate, to lessen pain.

Calx chlorinata locally.

Camphor phenol, locally as a pro-
tective covering, the centre of the
growth to be left exposed.

Cauterization.

Collodion.

Creolin.

Di-iodoform.

Emplastrum plumbi.

Ether locally to form an eschar or in-
ternally.

Ethyl chloride, locally as anaesthetic.

Europhen.

Hydrogen peroxide.

-Noma

Eucalyptus oil.

Excision of the gangrenous part.
Potassium chlorate in 5 gr. doses in-
ternally.

Do. permanganate as a wash.
Sodium borate.

Sozoidol sodium.

Hydrargyri et ammonii chloridi
locally.

Do. perchloride, drs. 2 of a
10 per cent, solution injected into
the carbuncle.

Hypophosphites.

Ichthalbin internally.

Ichthyol locally.

Iodoform with oxide of zinc locally.
Iodoformogen.

Menthol plaster.

Methylene blue.

Phosphate of sodium or phosphorus
internally.

Potassa fusa locally.

Poultices to relieve pain.

Resin ointment.

Resorcin.

Silver colloidal.

Sodium hyposulphate with chlorate
of potash internally.

Solution of gutta percha locally.
Sulphurated lime.

Terebene as an antiseptic locally.
Turpentine locally.

External remedies. — Blister, cauterization by nitric or carbolic acid on the top
of crucial incision, crucial incision with care, as it causes haemorrhage, ether
spray, excision, poultices, strapping concentrically, leaving the centre free,
subcutaneous incisions.

446

CATALEPSY.

Catalepsy-

Ammonia to smell.

Apomorphine, gr. during the pa-
roxysm to restore consciousness.
Chloroform as inhalation.

Restoratives.

External remedies . — Ammonia to
dism, stimulant application.

Catarrh— Nasal— Cold — Coryza— (Acute).

Acid, carbolic (i to ioo) as gargle (i
to 200) as a douche, or as
inhalation when the catarrh
tends to spread from nose
to throat or chest.

Do. hydr-iodic.

Do. sulpho anilic.

Do. trichoracetic.

Aluminium aceto tartrate or alumi-
nium tanno tartrate used as bougie
with gelatine.

Ammonium carbonate 1 and opium |
internally to break up cold.
Ammonium chloride in children in
thick secretion.

Antikamnia.

Antimony tart. to TV gr. in the
early stage.

Antinosin.

Antipyrin.

Aristol.

Arsenic, as cigarettes, is used in
sneezing, itching of nos-
trils or in frontal head-
ache.

Do. iodide 3 grs. with sugar of
milk 20 grs. and water 4 ozs.
Internally — 1 dr.

Bromides for headache.

Calomel as an application over the
ulcerated part after cleaning the
membrane.

Chloral 1 with castor oil 25 as an ap-
plication to the Schneiderian mem-
brane to check the secretion of
mucus and to lessen the irrita-
tion and headache.

Chloroform 20 with menthol 2 by in-
halation as an antiseptic alternate-
ly through the nose and mouth.
Creolin.

Sternutatories.

Tonics.

Turpentine oil as enema or as em^
brocation along the spine.

cold douche, fara-

Cupri sulphas as bougie with gelatine.

Diaphtherin.

Eucaine or holocaine hydrochlorate.

Glycerino phosphates internally.

Hydrargyri ammoniata with althoea
powder as snuff.

Iodoformogen.

Migranin.

Mineral waters.

Naphthalin.

Nasophen.

Orthoform.

Peronin.

Potassium salts as bichromate solu-^
tion locally 1 gr. to 10 grs. in 4 ozs.
of water, or internally gr. if the
discharge is tough and stringy and
the nose tender. Bromide as solu-
tion (1 in 30) is applied locally to
avert the attack. Chlorate as lo-
zenges or 10 grs. in powder given
in catarrh to abort cold ; also
used as a spray in nasal catarrh.

Pyoktannin.

Sanitas oil, salicin or sodium chloride
each 1 dr. to a pint of hot water as
cleansing solution.

Sea water as gargle.

Silver nitrate as a spray (1 in 150) as
solution for nasal douche.

Sodium salts as bicarbonate dr. 1 to
a pint of water as nasopharyngeal
solution ; hyposulphite (1 in 30) for
irrigation ; iodide 10 grs. with ferri
iodide internally in specific catarrh;
salicylate xo grs. internally to re-
lieve headache and coryza and
to abort cold.

Sozoidol zinc.

Suprarenal gland.

Zinc sulphate as injection 1 gr. to 1 oz,

arouse consciousness,

CATARRH — NASAL.

447

External remedies. — Benzoin as fumigation ; burning turmeric as fumigation.

Inhalations. — Acid carbolic (i to 200) ; ethyl iodide; formaldehyde; iodine
tincture with carbolic acid (3 to 1) as inhalation from a steam bath through a
sponge in daily attacks of cold with itching nose. Ammonia inhalation in
painful inflammation of frontal bones or in the early stage. Turpentine inhala-
tion. Oxygen inhalation in catarrh with emphysema. Sulphurous acid gas 2
to 8 drs. by inhalation, fumigation or spray.

By insufflation. — Alum exsiccatum powder, calomel, iodoform and tannin
(1 to 3).

By spray. — Alum exsiccatum solution 3 to 20 grs., arsenic liquor 3 to 8 ms.
in itching of the nose with frontal headache, borax 5 to 20 grs. (1 in 25),
ferri ammonio sulphas, mercury bichloride T’g to | gr., potassium permanga-
nate 5 grs. to a pint of water} acid carbolic 1 to 2 grs. to 1 dr., aristol | to 1 oz.
of cosminol.

Baths. — Footbath at bed-time, Turkish bath, cold sponge bath, mustard
footbath.

Hygiene. — Cotton wool in both ears, hot beverages, hot lemonade, warmth
to head and feet, nasal douche. Oil inunctions to the body and nose
prevent taking cold. Hot sponges to the head in headache.

Formula. — As a spray : Acidi carbolici 15 ms., ext. hydrastis fluidum 1 dr.,
sodii bicarb. 1 dr., sodii biboras 1 dr., glycerin 8 drs., aqua camphora
8 ozs. — to the posterior nares.

As a wash : Soda bicarb. 7 grs., soda biborate 9 grs., soda benzoate 7 grs.,
salicylate 7 grs., eucalyptol 7 grs., thymol 7 grs., menthol 7 grs., gaultheria
oil 7 ms. Mix. Add 1 ounce of water to form solution, to be used as a nasal
wash for the nostrils.

Catarrh, N asal — Chronic —

Acid benzoic vapour used as inha-
lation.

Do. carbolic 2 per cent, solution
with iodine as spray or in-
halation.

Do. salycylic 1 in 500 as a disin-
fectant injection.

Alum as a dusting powder.

Ammonia by inhalation when there is
pain in the frontal and nasal bones.

Aurum chloride in syphilitic and
mercurial subjects with foetid dis-
charge and sore nose.

Bismuth subnitrate with tannin or
with calomel is used as insufflation.

Bromine vapour by inhalation into
the nose with care.

Cod-liver oil in strumous subjects.

Di-iodoform.

Eucalyptol if profuse secretion.

Eucalyptus oil for inhalation.

Gaduol as alterative.

Glycozone as application.

Ichthalbin as alterative.

Ichthyol.

Iodine vapour by inhalation.

Iodide of iron if syphilitic catarrh.

Iodoform with tannin 1 to 3 as in-
sufflation.

Iodole.

Potassium bichromate locally as
solution i to 250 of
water or internally
gr. when the discharge
is tough and stringy.

Do. permanganate solution 5
grs. to one pint of water
as a deodorant wash.

Resorcin after cleaning the nose
with boracic solution. A 2 to 4 per
cent, solution of resorcin is used
as spray.

Sea water as gargle into the naso-
pharyngeal space.

Silver nitrate powder 10 grs. to 1
oz. of starch applied locally.

443

CEREBRAL ANEMIA.

Sodium salts as bicarbonate 2 drs. Sodium phosphate 2 drs. to 1. pint of
to 20 ozs. of water or chloride 2 hot water as solution. Sulphur

drs. in a pint of hot water used waters given internally,

locally as solution for cleaning the
nasal cavity.

Formula . — Acid carbolic 1 dr., borax 3 drs., sodium carbonate 3 drs., gly-
cerin 6 drs., and water 6 ounces. Used as spray or nasal injection.

Cerebral Anaemia-

Alcohol.

Ammonia inhalation in sudden at-
tacks.

Amyl nitrite in vasomotor spasm
gives great relief in sudden at-
tacks.

Arsenic with opium. In hypochon-
driasis and anaemia of the aged.

Aurum chloride in vertigo due to
cerebral anaemia or in melancholia.

Cerebral excitants.

Chalybeate mineral waters.

Choral hydrate in small doses.

Counter-irritation to the spine in
spinal anaemia.

Cerebral Congestion — Apoplexy-

Acid hydrocyanic dil., internally.

Arsenic in sluggish venous circula-
tion.

Bromides in full doses.

Calomel as a purgative.

Cathartics to lessen blood pressure.

Chloral hydrate when the tempera-
ture is high.

Galvanism to the cervical sympa-
thetic.

Chancre— Chancroid —

Acid, carbolic, locally 2 grs. to 4 ozs.
of water as a wet dressing or
as an injection into the sore
in chancroid.

Do. chromic as an escharotic.

Do. nitric, fuming (1 in 50) as a
caustic dressing in chancroid.

Do. pyrogallic, locally as oint-
ment.

Do. salicylic in phagedenic chan-
cres.

Electricity through the head in con-
fusion of mind due to imperfect
nutrition.

Iron bromide alone 1 to 3 grs. or
with potassium bromide.

Do. chloride tincture in general
anaemia.

Nitroglycerin to dilate cerebral
vessel's.

Nux vomica as a tonic.

Phosphorus to supply nutriment for
healthy brain action.

Rest of body and mind.

Stimulants.

Warm baths.

Zinc phosphide.

Mistura magnesia et asafetida.

Sodium bromide with ergot ex-
tract.

Venesection is contra indicated if
congestion is due to anaemia,,
aortic disease or to syncope.

Water— hot and cold, douche alter-
nately to the head, warm water
to the feet, or hot water packing
round the legs.

Acid sulphuric strong as caustic.

Alkalies as caustic only round hard
edges.

Aristol,

Bismuth benzoas locally in soft
chancres.

Calomel as dry dressing or vapour
locally.

Caustics as acid nitrate of mercury,
bromine, hot iron, caustic alkalies,
zinc chloride, locally applied only
if the chancre is phagedenic.

CHAPPED HANDS AND LIPS.

449

Cauterization by thermo-cautery.

Chloral 3 grs. to 1 oz. of glycerin
locally to relieve pain in chancroid.

Cleanliness — tepid water dressing.

Copper sulphate as lotion.

Di-iodoform.

Eucalyptol with iodoform.

Europhen as powder or ointment
1 to 20 parts or in oily solution 1
to 2 grs. for injection for syphilis.

Ferri et potassii tartras (1 to 6 of
water), internally and locally
applied.

Ferrous iodide internally in slough-
ing phagedina or simple chan-
croid.

Formaldehye.

Goulard’s extract with opium and
limejuice.

Hydrargyri salicylas.

Hydrogen peroxide solution used as
a wash or if applied destroys the
specific character.

Iodoform alone or with lycopodium
equal parts or with zinc oxide (1 to
2) or with calomel (1 to 2) as anti-
septic dusting powder allays pain
and changes morbid action.

Iodol.

Kashisadi tel.

Kieselghur as a dusting powder.
Mercury lotion as black wash and
yellow wash to erosions
and ulcerated indurations.
Do. trichloride or biniodide inter-
nally or the red oxide as
ointment.

Do. nitrate caustic solution ap-
plied with a glass rod in chan-
croid.

Monsel’s solution.

Potassium chlorate as powder locally
in chancroid.

Pyoktannin.

Resorcin.

Silver nitrate solution.

Sodii sulpho benzoas.

Sozoiodole mercury or zinc.
Tannoform alone as paste (1 in 6)
of glycerin.

White iron as caustic in chancroid.
Zinc chloride with ferri potassio
tart and water as lotion.

Do. oxide as dusting powder if the
sore is angry-looking.

Formula . — Citric acid, hydrochloric acid, ironperchlorlde — equal parts

as solution (1 in 12) of water, for local application or iodoform 1, lycopodium
1, zinc oxide 2, calomel 1, as an antiseptic dry dressing, to relieve pain
of chancre.

Chapped Hands and Lips— Fissured Nipples— Anus, &c.—

Acid boracic, locally.

Do. carbolic with glycerin 1 to 2
used locally.

Do. nitric as application after dila-
tation of the anus.

Do. sulphurous as solution or by
fumigation.

Adeps lanae to form a coating.
Alcohol locally.

Antisepsin.

Bismuth oleate and opium — for fis-
sured nipples.

Do. oxy-iodidum locally.

Do. subnitrate and glycerin

locally.

Calcium carbonate precipitata
locally.

Carron oil locally.

Chloral hydrate locally 2 per cent,
solution.

Chloroform locally, also by inhala-
tion.

Collodion locally as protective cover-
ing for lips and nipples.

Creolin.

Cupri sulphate lotion or stick locally.

Dilatation forcible of the sphincter.

Glycerin with compound benzoin
tincture (4 to 1) or with
carbolic acid (2 to 1),
locally.

Do. with starch, zinc oxide
or eau de cologne (1 to 1) as a local
application.

57

CHILBLAINS,

45°

Gutta-percha solution locally.

Ichthyol externally.

Iodoform powder or ointment locally
to relieve pain.

Iodoformogen.

Iodole with tannin locally.

Lanolin locally.

Lotio plumbi.

Lycopodium.

Menthol locally.

Mercury and benzoin ointment as
suppository for the
rectum.

Do. oxide ointment.

Potassa caustica.

Potassium bromide with glycerin
locally.

Pyoktannin.

Chilblains— Frost Bite— Frozen Limbs—

Salol with menthol (2 to 1) used
locally to alleviate the pain.

Sambersing.

Silver nitrate solution, locally aftes1
application of cocaine 4 per cent,
solution.

Solution gutta percha.

Sozoiodole sodium.

Sulphur internally as a mild purga-
tive.

Tannin and glycerin locally as tents.

Tannoform.

Vaseline.

Zinc carbonate powder locally.

Do. oxide ointment with rose
water or with starch and glycerin,
locally.

Acid boracic locally.

Do. carbolic with iodine and tannin
as ointment for application.

Do. nitric dilute lotion to remove
sloughs.

Do. sulphurous with 1 to 3 of gly-
cerin and water as an application,
solution or fumigation.

Alumen with sodii biboratis as a
wash.

Ammoniac liquor with olive oil to
rub.

Argenti nitras (1 in 50) as paint.

Avoid vaseline or other fatty sub-
stances.

Baths — foot-bath with muriatic
acid.

Basilicon ointment with turpentine
locally.

Bole armenian locally.

Chlorinated lime locally* to avoid
foetor.

Charcoal, to prevent foetor.

Cod-liver oil and lime water locally if
vesicles appear.

Copper sulphate solution, 4 grs. to
1 oz. locally.

Creolin.

Creosote ointment.

Lau de cologne with camphor local-
ly with friction.

Electricity.

Elevated position.

Ferri chloride tincture as tonic.

Gaduol.

Hydrargyri ammoniae chloride as.
ointment.

Iced cold water as dressing or ice
to rub.

Ichthalbin, internally.

Ichthyol with lanolin as oint-
ment.

Incision free, if much local ten-
sion.

Iodine as ointment our tincture to
prevent itching.

Iodoform with conium and car-
bolic acid locally.

Lead subacetate as cerate or as
lotion.

Limejuice locally with friction.

Liniment sapon. co. with paraffin
locally.

Mercury bichloride (1 in 2,000) as a
wash.

Sozoiodole sodium, potassium os
zinc.

Sulphur fumes.

White of egg locally.

CHLOROSIS.

45*

Chlorosis— Anaemia— Amenorrhcea—

Arsen-haemol.

Arsenic and strychnine with iron,
also occasional purgation and ac-
tive exercise.

Bone marrow.

Calcium carbonate and hypophos-
phite.

Carbonated iron and manganese
with milk sugar.

Chalybeate waters.

Cupri arsenas, cupro-haemol.

Desiccated defibrinated blood
emulsion given with milk,
coffee, &c.

Gaduol.

Glycerino phosphate.

Gold arsenate.

Haemo-gallol, haemoglobih or hsemol
as blood-maker.

Hypophosphites of calcium or
sodium.

Ichthalbin internally as an altera-
tive.

Iron, quinine and strychnine to avoid
torpor of the system.

Lactophosphate of lime.

Manganese with saccharated car-
bonate of iron.

Nuclein.

Nux vomica with iron to stimulate
blood-making organs.

Oils and fats as inunctions after
baths.

Orexine.

Pakhanbhed.

Pancreatin, pepsin or pepto-man-
gan when digestion is deranged.

Phosphate of soda or potash.

Potassium bromide if nervousness
exists.

Purgation, as magnesium carbonate
and charcoal, to avoid putrid fcecal
decomposition.

Sodium carbonate with lime carbo-
nate.

Do. hyposulphite to check foecal
fermentation.

Somatose.

Sulphur where iron has failed.

Thymus extract.

Zinc haemol, phosphide or valeri-
anate.

Formula. — Neutral acetate of copper, l/e gr.; phosphate of sodium, £ gr. ;
liquorice powder, i gr. ; glycerin, i gr. Make pil. i. Dose — One.

External remedies. — Active exercise ; baths — sea-bathing, tepid baths ;
massage ; galvanization central.

Cholera Asiatica—

Acid, carbolic, 2 ms., writh bismuth or
with iodine 2 ms. in water
1 oz. every hour as preventive.

Do. hydrocyanic dil.

Do. sulphuric or sulphuric aromatic
5 ms., alone or with opium as
a prophylactic.

Do. sulphurous.

Do. trichloracetic — preventive.

Alcohol in small doses as cardiac
stimulant.

Ammonia — intravenous injection.

Do. with turpentine and castor
oil as liniment.

Animal broths.

Aqua ammonia by inhalation.

Argenti nitras solution (1 in 90) as
injection into the rectum.

Arsenic in epidemic cases, alone or
with opium, to stop vomiting and
collapse.

Bismuth subnitrate alone or with
ipecacuanha and opium, if green
stools with mucus and blood.

Brandy and ice for vomiting.

Calomel in minute doses to allay
vomiting and to avoid fermentative
action.

Cantharidis tincture to combat col-
lapse.

Carbo ligni. Dose — 1 dr.

Champagne.

Chloral hydrate subcutaneously-,
alone or with morphia, in collapse.

Chloral with soap liniment (1 to 4)
locally in cramp.

452

CHOLERA INFANTUM.

Chlorinated soda — solution inter-
nally with cinchona.

Chlorodyne io to 30 ms.

Chloroform with opium and brandy.
Dose — 5 ms., to allay vomiting.

Cholera toxin as prophylactic.

Cold drinks — ice to suck.

Copper sulphate.

Creosote, alone or with opium to
stop vomiting.

Ether injection, hypodermically.

Eucalyptus oil.

Hoffman’s anodyne.

Hot drinks.

Hydrargyri bichloridi liquor inter-
nally.

Hydrogen peroxide with hot water
to irrigate the stomach.

Irrigation of the intestines with soap
and hot water.

Lead acetate with camphor and
opium.

Liquor iodi terchloride internally.

Meat juice, fresh.

Mercury — grey powder in profuse
vomiting and purging of offensive
and colourless stools.

Musk internally*

Peptonized milk.

Potassium chlorate internally
Do. permanganate.

Do. salts, as bromide, if dui?

to nervous irritation or cerebral
congestion.

Resorcin 1 gr. in 1 dr. of infusion*
of chamomile internally.

Rice water as congee.

Saccharin.

Saline purgatives as evacuants.

Sanitas fluid.

Sodii chloridum with sodii carbonas
and water as injection into the
vein.

Spirit ammonise aromaticus with
spiritus etheris nitrosi.

Do. vini gallici.

Sulpho carbolates.

Sulphur to burn into the room.

Thymol.

Treak farook internally.

Zinc oxide with bismuth and pepsin..
Do. sulpho carbolate.

Formula. — Mixture : Salicylate of bismuth, 2 drs. ; sulpho carbolate of zinc,
4 grs. ; chalk mixture, 1 oz. ; paregoric elixir, 2 drs. Dose — 1 dr.

External remedies. — Counter-irritants to the pit of the stomach, dry packing,
enema of warm milk, fresh air, friction, ice bag to the spine, injection of
salines into the veins in collapse, heat to abdomen, legs and feet, irrigation of
intestines with hot water and soap, intravenous injection, table salt and
sodium carbonate, oxygen inhalation, rest absolute, sponging, transfusion of

milk during collapse, turpentine stupes.

Cholera Infantum —

Acid, carbolic, alone or with bis-
muth.

Do. lactic 2 per cent, solution if
green stools.

Arsenic, to check vomiting and
during collapse.

Beef juice.

Bismuth preparations, as salicylate,
gallate, and subnitrate.

Brandy or whisky, mixed with cloves,
ginger, cinnamon, locally
to the abdomen.

Do. with milk internally in col-
lapse every hour.

Copper arsenite or sulphate.

Creolin.

Eudoxine.

Hot drinks, hot baths, if extre-
mities are cold.

Ice to spine.

Ichthyol.

Iodoform and oil as rectal injections
to relieve tenesmus.

Irrigation of bowels.

Lead acetate.

Liquor calcis.

CHOLERA SIMPLEX.

453

Mercury — grey powder *4 gr. to
check vomiting, and to check con-
tinuous, offensive and colourless
stools.

Milk 4 ozs. with spirit of camphor
i dr., in summer diarrhoea.

Silver nitrate in the late stage.
Sodium phosphate.

Starch enema with opium in urgent
cases.

Tannalbin.

Tannoform.

Tribromophenol.

Xeroform.

Zinc oxide with bismuth and pepsin.
Do. sulpho carbolate.

Peptenzyme.

Peptonized milk.

Potassium chlorate as enema.

Poultices to the abdomen.

Diet. — No starchy food, only cow’s milk with saccharum lactis or milk with
lime water ; animal broths. Drinks. — Ice water, weak tea.

Cholera Simplex —

Alcohol, iced.

Arsenic to stop vomiting or for col-
lapse.

Brandy, iced.

Chloral with morphia hypodermi-
cally.

Chlorine water.
Chloroform.
Copper salts.
Creosote.
Hyposulphite.

Lead acetate at the commence
ment.

Paraform aldehyde.

Potassium chlorate.

Resorcin.

Salines at first, to precede the
of lead acetate.

Salol, salophen.

Silver nitrate.

Sodium salts as phosphate.

Zinc sulpho-carbolate.

use

Chordee —

Amyl nitrite. Hot baths.

Bromides. Tartar emetic to produce nausea.

Cantharis i m. of tincture as pro-
phylactic.

Diet. — Low and plain. Avoid stimulants. Barley water, linseed tea.

Chorea —

Acetanilid in both mild and grave
forms.

Acid hydrobromic dilute.

Ammonium valerianate.

Amyl nitrite.

Aniline sulph.

Antiraonii et potassii tartras to pro-
duce nausea.

Antipyrin, 2-gr. doses, to combat
the excitability of motor nerve
centres.

Apetol.

Arsenic, Fowler’s solution, 3 ms., is
very useful in uncomplicated
cases.

Aurum bromidum, £ gr., proved use-
ful.

Bismuth valerianate.

Bromalin as sedative.

Bromides of iron, gold and potassium.

Bromipin.

Bromo-hsemol.

Calcium chloride — good in strumous
subjects.

Chalybeate waters.

Chloralamide.

Chloral hydrate as a hypnotic in-
duces quiet sleep and thus sus-
pend spasms.

Chloroform inhalation alone as
anaesthetic or chloroform with al-
mond oil as liniment to the spine.

Cod-liver oil with soda hypophos-
phites is useful when there is low
nutrition.

454

CHYLURIA — LYMPHORRHAGIA.

Copper salts as ammonio-sulphate
till sickness is produced is useful.
Exalgin, 2 grs., with citrate of iron
and quinine given after meals.
Gaduol.

Hasmol.

Iron sub-carbonate in anemic cases
and at the time of puberty.

Do. valerianate.

Musk.

Nitroglycerin.

Pakhan bhed.

Phosphorus.

Potassium iodide.

Salicin.

Salicylate.

Sedatives, to check motor spasms.

Silver salts as phosphate, nitrate
and oxide.

Sodium salts as arsenate, salicylate.

Stanni chloridum. Dose — } to | gr.

Strontium salts as lactate and
salicylate.

Sulphonal.

Sulphur.

Vangashwer rasa.

Zinc salts as ferro-cyanide, hsemol,
iodide, oxide, sulphate.

Potassium salts as arsenite solution.

External remedies. — Baths — sulphur bath. Blisters. Chloroform inhala-
tion. Cold affusion to the spine and head. Electricity — constant current.
Ether spray to the spine or ether inhalation. Galvanic chain round the neck
and back. Hot pack.

Chyluria — Lymphorrhagia —

Acid, gallic, 1 dr., internally.

Ferric chloride tincturein large doses.

Fossil encrinite.

Hypophosphites syrup as emulsion
with cod-liver oil.

Ichthyol.

Methylene blue.

Diet. — Restriction about fatty food.

Climacteric Disorders— Menopause.

Acid carbolic with iodine and pot.
iodid solution to swab the uterus.

Acid hydriodic.

Ammonia as inhalation.

Ammonium chloride lotion locally in
headache.

Do. chloride internally in hepa-
tic disorders.

Amyl nitrite in small doses when
there is heat of the body followed
by cold clammy skin.

Baths, warm, to promote free per-
spiration.

Change of air and scene.

Eau de cologne saturated with cam-
phor for rubbing over the head in
headache.

Eucalyptol in flushings.

Hot douche of salt and warm water.

Hydrastinine hydrochlorate.

Iron chloride for flutterings of the

Potassium iodide in large doses.
Purgatives, mild.

Rest — perfect rest.

Sodium salicylate.

Sodium benzoate 1 dr. internally.
Thymol 1 gr., if due to filarise in the
blood.

heart, fullness in the head, frequent
flushes, cold and hot perspiration.

Methylene blue.

Nitrite of amyl in flushed face.

Nux vomica, opium and belladonna
in fullness in the head, flushing or
if due to hysteria.

Ovaria, dried.

Potassium bromide for dispondency,
sleeplessness, irritability
and flushing of the face,
and heats and perspira-
tion.

Do. iodide.

Raspail’s eau sedative as lotion to
painful part of the head in head-
ache.

Sodium benzoate.

Stypticin as uterine sedative.

Thymol.

Zinc valerianate. For hysteric-
symptoms.

COLIC.

455

Colic -Intestinal, Flatulent Colic— Enteralgia—

Ammonia, in spasm of intestines in
children due to bad feeding.

Amyl nitrite.

Antacid if acidity exists.

Antispasmin.

Arsenic in neuralgic or idiopathic
enteralgia.

Calomel and opium if much vomiting.

Chloral hydrate and bromides in
children.

Chloroform with opium internally in
flatulent, hepatic and lead colics.

Dionin.

Enema, copious, of warm water.

Ether by inhalation or internally.

Fomentation, hot, to relieve the pain.

Lime water in children if colic is due
to curdling milk.

Magnesium carbonate with asafetida
and opium — nice carminative.

Milk.

Potassium bromide with anise or
peppermint water more
safe in colic in young
children than opium.

Do. permanganate.

Soda chlorate, if due to decomposed
bile.

Sodii chloridum.

Spirit etheris composita.

Colic— Lead-

Acid sulphuric dil. as a prophylactic.

Alum io grs., very useful as it converts
the poison into innocuous sulphate,
relieves pain and constipation, to
be followed by castor oil.

Ammonii carbonate.

Baths, electro-chemical.

Bromides potassium or sodium as sol-
vent.

Calomel with or without opium, fol-
lowed by castor oil or by a turpen-
tine enema affords relief.

Chloroform internally and as lini-
ment.

Eggs.

Faradization locally.

Formula . — Ammonii carbonatis, 30 grs.
bonatis, 1^ dr, ; oleum mentha viridis, 1 m.

Iodides in large doses.

Magnesium sulphate 1 dr. and
potassium iodide 10 grs. It dis-
solves the lead in the tissues and
causes elimination by intestinal
mucus in an insoluble form and thus
relieves constipation and removes
the poison.

Milk.

Potassium tartrate, iodide and bro-
mide.

Sodium chloride.

Strontium chloride.

Sulphur internally or as baths to aid
elimination.

Sulphurated potassa.

oleum carui, 1 m. ; magnesii car-
tinctura lavanduke, 2 drs. ; tinctura

zingeiberis, 1 dr.; aqua, 6 ozs. Dose — 4 drs.

Colic Nephritic or Renal Colic and Hepatic Colic-

Alkalies and alkaline mineral waters
are useful.

Ammonium bromide.

Amyl valerianate.

Baths, warm, to relieve the pain.

Butyl chloral with alcohol, glycerin
and water.

Calomel.

Carlsbad water.

Chloroform inhalation inferior to
morphine injection, better than
warm baths, &c.

Counter-irritation — flying blisters for
renal colic.

Diluents as alkaline citrates or tar-
trates.

Ether by inhalation or as spray in
hepatic colic relieves spasms.

Ethyl chloride as spray locally in
colic.

Formin.

Friederichshall water.

Glycerin 4 to 6 drs. in alkaline water
prevents recurrence in hepatic
colic.

456

COLLAPSE.

Hot applications.

Lysidin.

Mercurial alterative.

Neurodin.

Olive oil in full doses stops spasm of
the ureters, used also in hepatic
colic.

Diet. — Avoid starches, fats, fish, fowls.

Piperazine to dissolve urates.
Riding.

Saline purgatives.

Sodium benzoate, oleate, salicylate.
Warm water bath relieves pain.

Collapse — Exhaustion— Syncope— Shock —

Affusion of hot and cold water alter-
nately.

Ammonia liquor diluted by intraven-
ous injection in desperate cases
of collapse due to fracture, lacera-
tion, &c.

Amyl nitrite.

Bath, mustard, with hot water.

Beef extract by the mouth.

Brandy by mouth hypodermically
or by the rectum.

Chloral hydrate.

Counter-irritation to the nape of the
neck, to the spine, or to the calves.

Cupping, dry, to the loins.

Electricity to the phrenic nerve.

Ether internally by inhalation or
hypodermically.

Frictions with heat, camphorated
alcohol, turpentine, chloroform, or
with ammonia liniment.

Heat to the extremities or to the
cardiac region.

Intravenous injection of sodium chlo-
ride with sodium sulphate water
warm.

Nitroglycerin.

Oxygen inhalation.

Spirit ammon. aromat. with spirit
etheris nitrosi.

Supra renal extract.

Transfusion.

Warm saline solution as subcutane-
ous injection.

Coma due to uraemia and narcotic poisoning—

Blisters to different parts of the
body and repeated.

Cold douche with warm water alter-
nately for stupor of drunkenness
or of opium poisoning.

Dry champagne.

Ether subcutaneously.

Exercise persistently to walk about
if due to opium poisoning.

Ice to the head.

Conjunctivitis-

Acid, boric, 4 to 5 per cent, as an
antiseptic solution in diph-
theritic form.

Do. carbolic solution 5 per cent.

by spray of steam atomizer
relieves pain and contracts
vessels.

Do. carbonic gas locally applied
in strumous ophthalmia to relieve
pain and photophobia.

Musk and camphor subcutaneously
if due to diabetes.

Nitroglycerin.

Oxygen by inhalation.

Potassium bitartrate as a free purge
in cases of coma from blood poi-
soning.

Poultices to the thighs, calves,
chest, abdomen.

Purgatives.

Alum, after acute symptoms have
subsided, 3 grs. to 1 oz., used as
a paint over the conjunctiva or the
crystals in granular conjunctivitis.

Antimony tart. to gr. in stru-
mous ophthalmia.

Argenti nitras solution (1 in 50) or
the stick in granular conjuncti-
vitis or in purulent or gonorrhoea!
ophthalmia.

CONSTIPATION*

457

Argentum colloidal (ointment).

Arsenic liquor internally in strumous
ophthalmia.

Bath, hot or cold, locally.

Bismuth locally in chronic conjunc-
tivitis to granular lids.

Blisters behind the ears in obstinate
cases.

Boroglycerin (i to 15).

Cadmium sulphate 2 grs. to 1 oz. of
water as a collyrium or a wash.
Calomel to be dusted over palpebral
conjunctiva.

Citron ointment locally.

Cold compress in purulent conjunc-
tivitis.

Compresses* cold.

Copper salts, as acetate, hlumlnate,
or sulphate, locally.

Creolin solution 1 per cent.

Glasses, smoked or blue.

Hygiene, rest of eyes.

Hydrargyri oxidum flavum or ru-
brum 1 in 60 of vaseline in phlyc-
tenular conjunctivitis.

Constipation-

Alumina sulphas as a laxative.
Ammonium chloride in bilious dis-
orders with constipation.

Arsenic 2 ms. of liquor, to overcome
constipation.

Bezoar.

Bidlovana.

Brown bread.

Carlsbad waters ; cathartics.

Chloral hydrate in chronic constipa-
tion.

Cod-liver oil in children.

Enemata of soap suds and salt with
warm water.

Exercise — riding.

Ferrous sulphate with aloes.

Glycerin suppositories or enemata
or clyster.

Honey.

Ichha bhedi rasa.

Lime saccharated solution.

Mineral waters as Pullna, Friedrichs-
chall, Hunyadi.

Iodine locally in strumous ophthal-
mia.

Iron pyrophosphate (1 in 25 of sy-
rup). Dose — 1 dr. after meals.
Do. sulphate 1 in 500 of water as
collyrium.

Lead acetate liquor with zinc sul-
phate locally in phlyctenular con-
junctivitis.

Mercury oleate with morphine as an
application outside the lids in
palpebral conjunctivitis.

Purgatives in the commencement of
strumous ophthalmia.

Resofciri.

Sodium borate 5 grs. to 1 oz. as
astringent lotion.

Sozoidole sodium.

Zinc salts as acetate or sulphate 2
grs. to 1 oz., a weak solution
as astringent collyrium with
ice.

Do. chloride (1 in 100) as collyrium
in pustular, diptheritic or gonor-
rhoeal conjunctivitis.

Magnesium salts, for children, as
carbonate oxide, or sulphate.
Massage.

Mercury in biliousness as calomel
or grey powder.

Mineral waters containing sulphates.
Oxgall.

Potassium bisulphate.

Do. bitartrate.

Saline waters as Pullna, Hunyadi,
Friedrichschall.

Soap suppositories.

Do. and water as enemata.

Sodium salts as chloride and phos-
phate.

Smoking a cigar after breakfast.
Sulphates in purgative doses.
Sulphur 10 grs. with confection of
roses or confection of senna.
Sulphurous mineral waters.

Treacle.

Water, cold, drinking, before break-
fast.

58

458

CONVALESCENCE FROM SERIOUS DISEASES.

Diet. — Fish, meat, game, poultry, fresh vegetables, salads, celery, toma'tas,
spinach, French beans with salad oil or ghee or butter; onions, figs, prunes,
plantains, unabs, -dates, grapes, bananas, currants— as desserts. Tea, coffee,
cocoa. Avoid nuts of all kinds. Milk in moderation. Take hot or cold water
the first thing in the morning on leaving the bed and also at bed time. Warm
clothing ; tepid baths ; massage over the abdomen every morning. Regular
but gentle exercise.

Avoid habitual use of warm enemata ; it increases torpor of the bowels.

Convalescence from serious diseases —

Acidum hydriodicum.

i, hypophosphorosum.

Alcohol before or with meals.

Arsenic preparations.

Baths — sea bathing, Turkish baths.

Bitters (vegetable) on weak stomach.

Bone-marrow extract.

Calcis liquor.

Calcium carbonate or phosphate.

Chalybeate waters.

Coca.

Cod-liver oil.

Cream.

Eucalyptus as tonic.

Fats as cod-liver oil.

Ferro haemol.

Gaduol.

Glycerino-phosphates.

Hasmogallol with gentian is very useful
Diet. — Avoid scrupulously or guard against the use of food difficult of digestion.
During convalescence from intestinal and gastric disorders strict moderation in
diet should be enjoined.

Hypophosphites and strychnine.
Xchthalbin to promote alimentation.
Iron salts.

Koumiss.

Levico waters.

Lime water.

Magnesium hypophosphite.
Morrhuol.

Nuclein.

Orchitic extract.

Orexine promotes assimilation and
digestion.

Panch-nimb-churan.

Pancreatin promotes digestion.
Pepsin promotes digestion.
Phosphates.

Somatose ; sarsaparilla.

Vinum xericum.

Convulsions, Infantile-

Acid, phosphoric, dilute.

Alcohol— brandy arrests convulsions
of dentition.

Ailyl-tribromidum.

Amyl nitrite. Dose -3- m. applied to
the nostrils ; with morphine inter-
nally.

Anaesthetics.

Bromides as potassium, sodium, am-
monium, internally or by enema,
when due to bathing.

Bromipin.

Calomel and jalap internally.

Castoreum.

Chloral hydrate alone or with chloro-
form or potassium bromide inter-
nally or as a suppository or as
enema with starch or with musk.

Chloroform inhalation to prevent
paroxysms, to arrest recurrence.

Diuretics.

Ether sulphuric as antispasmodic by
inhalation or internally combined
with musk and belladonna,

Glauber’s salt.

Glycerin enema.

Grey powder.

Iron if due to albuminuria.

Meat juice.

Musk with camphor, chloral and yolk
of egg with water for enema.

Narcotics.

Nitroglycerin.

Sodas sulph. with senna as enema.

Zinc sulphate as emetic.

,, oxide with tonics or with calomel.

CORNEAL OPACITIES AND ULCERATIONS.

459

Diet. — Milk.

'General directions. — Horizontal posture, fresh air, loose clothing ; prevent
biting of the tongue by putting a cork between the teeth.

External remedies. — Baths (warm) and vapour baths alternating with cold
affusion to the head, mustard foot-bath, cold water to dash on to the face
and head and to the chest and the abdomen, bleeding, cupping (dry) over the
loins, finger into the pharynx, ice bag to the spine or to the head, lancing the
gums if due to dentition, leeches to the temple if uraemic, sponge (hot) to the
throat, tickling the throat, pressure on the carotid.

Corneal Opacities and Ulcerations—

Armenian bole.

Cadmium sulphate (i in 25 of rose
water) as collyrium to promote
absorption.

Calomel and red precipitate by in-
sufflation.

Iodine in collyria or internally in
strumous cases.

Iodoform.

Mercury, as red iodide ointment to
hasten absorption.

Do. yellow oxide with alum and
vaseline.

Mercury bichloride, weak solution.

Oils as cod-liver oil, juniper oil, tur-
pentine, oxgall with olive oil, as
drops into the eye to hasten absorp-
tion.

Potassium iodide with potassium car-
bonate as ointment in long stand-
ing cases.

Silver nitrate as lotion.

Sodium chloride solution for injection
under the conjunctiva when turbi-
dity disappears.

Zinc oxide.

Corns and Warts — Excess of Epidermis — Condylomata —

Acid acetic, glacial. To remove the
growths.

Do. acetic, strong 1, tincture
iodine 1, to remove corns.

Do. arsenic or liquor arsenicalis
internally, or arsenic as a
caustic, as a paint over
warts or as a dusting
powder mixed with calo-
mel and morphia.

Do. carbolic solution 2 per cent.,
as parenchymatous injec
tion or with iodine and
alcohol as an application.

Do. chromic solution (1 in 5)
over the diseased growth
by a glass rod. Avoid
application over vascular
growths.

Do. nitric 1 dr. to 1 pint of water
as a wash for warts when
due to syphilis.

Acid salicylic alone or with can-
nabis or with lactic acid
and collodion as applica-
tion to remove excess of
epidermis or warts.

Do. trichloracetic.

Alcohol hypodermically injected for
fatty growths.

Alkalies as saturated solution, used
locally as caustic to warts.

Alum and white of eggs locally for
soft corns.

Do. (burnt) with tannin over warts.

Do. 2, sabina 1 as dusting powder
as caustic to warts.

Ammoniacum plaster with mercury.

Antimony chloride, locally.

Argenti nitras alone as solid applica-
tion after soaking and paring of
corns ; or the solution as injection
into the parenchyma of soft tissues ;
or with nitromuriatic acid as a
caustic application.

Bromine as escharotic.

460

COUGH

Calcii chloridum.

Do. hydras.

Calomel with zinc oxide as a dusting
powder.

Copper oleate 20 per cent.

Cupro sulphas,

Emol.

Electricity.

Emplastrum plumbi or saponis as
plaster on bunion.

Enucleation by dermal curette.

Ergot extract as injection.

Ferri sulphas and iodide as a paint.

Ferric chloride tincture and dilute
hydrochloric acid, equal parts,
locally to warts.

Heat from the hot end of a cigar to
warts.

Hydrargyri formaldehyde.

Do. iodidi rubri.

Do. nitratis acidi with arse-
nic 5 per cent, as an
ointment or plaster.

Do. perchloridi 15 grs. with
collodion 1 oz. locally.

Iodine gr. 1 in 15 of alcohol with
castor oil as a local appli-
cation.

Do. tincture, with ferri sulphates
liquor or ether as a paint.

Cough —

Acid carbolic 5 per cent, solution
as a spray in a steam
atomizer to allay cough from
cold.

Do. hydrocyanic for nervous irri-
table cough of phthisis.

Alum 10 grs. to 1 oz. of water as a
spray or gargle in chronic cough
or internally in spasmodic cough.
Ammonium salicylate internally.
Antimony tart, wine internally.
Antispasmine.

Argenti nitras solution locally to
fauces.

Avoid beer or porter.

Blue pill in bilious or gouty cough.

Ligature.

Mercurial ointment with 5 per cent,
of arsenic locally.

Paring the corn. The knife should
work downwards to the apex of the
corn and remove the central pres-
sure on the tissues.

Plaster with a hole in the centre.

Plumbi iodidum, internally and ex-
ternally as an ointment.

Potassa fusa as caustic.

Potassium bichromate or bromide
with tannin locally.

Do. iodidi, internally.

Do. permanganate.

Poultices,

Pressure.

Resorcin as caustic.

Sodium ethylate liquor.

Strangulation by a horse hair ©r
string for warts.

Sulphur.

Unna’s plaster containing mercury &
and arsenic 2.

Washing and paring the corn fre-
quently.

Water, hot and cold, locally applied.

Zinc salts as chloride, iodide, nitrate
or sulphate with sulphuric acid as
a paste or as caustic.

; ext. cannabis
Mix a paint for the corn.

Butyl chloral hydrate for night
coughs.

Carbonic acid gas as inhalation.

Chloral hydrate in convulsive and
neurotic coughs. It procures sleep
and relieves coughs.

Chloroform spirit, 1 dr. from the sur-
face of hot water as
inhalation is used in
irritable cough of
phthisis.

Do. with morphine and mo-
lasses as paint over throat in
paroxysmal dry cough, or given
internally.

Formula. — Acidi salicylici, 15 grs. ; collodion flexible, 80 ms
Ind., 8 grs. ; alcoholis, 15 ms. ; etheris, 40 ms.

COXALGIA.

461

Cod-liver oil in chronic coughs.
Creosote internally and externally.
Demulcents.

Dionin.

Gaduol.

Glycerin with lime juice as an
emollient.

Do. with tannin as paint to
the throat when chro-
nically inflamed.
Glycerino phosphates.

Guaiacol.

Ichthalbin as assimilative.

Iodine tincture 10 ms. as inhalation
from boiling water to relieve irrita-
tion of hoarse, wheezing cough
of phthisis.

Formula. — Pot. cyanide, 3 grs. ; ext.
syrup scillae, 1 oz. Dose — 1 dr.

Iodoform.

Milk.

Peronin, like morphia or codea, very
quieting in paroxysmal cough of
phthisis.

Potassii hypophosphis.

Potassium bromide internally in irri-
tative reflex coughs,
either uterine, renal, &c.,
and as a gargle i n
coughs of phthisis.

Do. carbonate in dry cough.

Sambersing locally to the chest and
internally.

Sanitas oil.

Zinc sulphate or valerianate in hys-
terical cough.

grindelia, 1 oz. ; syrup tolutani, 1 oz. ;

Coxalgia —

Acid sulphuric 1 to 8 of lard as oint-
ment as a powerful irritant to the
joints, applied locally.

Barium chloride 1 to 2 grs. in scrofu-
lous cases.

Blisters round the hip.

Cod-liver oil.

Counter-irritation by blisters round
the hips.

Diet nutritious.

Ferrous iodide in scrofulous cases.
Iodoform in scrofulous cases.

Perfect rest.

Posture straight.

Croup, spasmodic, catarrhal or membranous— Laryngeal Diphtheria-
Laryngismus Stridulus—

Acid, boric solution, for nasal in-
jection.

Do. carbolic spray for the membra-
nous variety.

Do. lactic spray or paint (1 in 25)
by an atomizer, as a solvent
of the membrane.

Do. sulphurous as spray in mem-
branous cases.

Albumen with honey as an emetic.

Alum 1 dr. with honey 1 dr. as a non-
depressant emetic in membranous
variety.

Antimony (tartar emetic) powder or
wine with potassii citras and liquor
ammonia citratis as an emetic is
useful in croup or catarrhal laryngi-
tis to be used with caution as it is
a powerful depressant.

Antispasmin in laryngismus stridulus.

Argenti nitras solution, locally with
a sponge or as insufflation.

Atmosphere hot and moist.

Borax solution (1 in 10) as wash.

Bromine as potassii bromidum in-
ternally.

Bromoform in laryngismus stridulus.

Calcii lactophosphate.

Calomel £ gr. with ipecac. £ gr. as a
laryngeal sedative allays spasm and
checks formation of membrane.

Chloral hydrate 5 to 10 grs. to arrest
the attack.

Chloroform inhalation, to stop spasm
in laryngismus stridulus.

Cod-liver oil.

Collodium cantharidatum application
to the throat.

Copper sulphate as an emetic and
parasiticide.

462

CYANOSIS OF ASPHYXIA.

Eucalyptus oil as spray or by inhala-
tion.

Ferri murias locally as paint ; inter-
nally 10 ms. of the tincture with
potassium chlorate in membranous
croup.

Gaduol.

Glycerino phosphate.

Glycozone 1 dr. internally to prevent
gastric disturbance and regulate
the bowels.

Gold and sodium chloride.

Hydrogen peroxide solution 1 in 4 of
water as a spray over the nose,
throat and mouth, to destroy the
membranes and prevent their re-
production.

Ichthyol vapours.

Iodine tincture painted externally
prevents formation of false mem-
brane.

Lime water as spray or vapour of
slaking lime.

Mercury cyanide.

Do. perchloride— large doses.
Do. subsulphate 3 to 5 grs. as aw*
emetic to be given early.

Musk.

Oxygen by inhalation.

Petroleum rectificatum locally to the'
throat or internally.

Potassium chlorate 2 to 3 grs. with
tincture of iron 5 ms. in-
ternally very useful after
emetics.

Do. bromide solution locally
by atomization in spas-
modic cough.

Do. iodidum.

Sodium bicarbonate.

Sozoidole sodium as insufflation.

Sulphurated potassa.

Turpentine oil with almond oil inter-
nally.

Zinc sulphate as an emetic.

Formula . — Alum, 10 grs.; tr. belladonna, 5 ms.; tr. opii camphorati, 2 ms.;
syrupus ipecacuanha, 1 dr. ; potassii citratis, 1 dr. ; aqua, 2 ozs. Dose — A tea-
spoonful.

External remedies. — Baths — vapour bath containing vinegar, hot water or
vapour (steam) bath. Fomentation. Hot water to the throat, turpentine stupes
to the throat, poultices to the throat, burnt salt for dry fomentation to the throat.
Steam inhalation with quinine or iodine or bromine. Tracheotomy if paroxysms
very frequent and dyspnoea very severe. Cold sponging to the throat.
Outdoor exercise in laryngismus stridulus.

Cyanosis of Asphyxia— Asthma — Dyspnoea— Heart disease.

Amyl nitrite by inhalation. asphyxia from toxic gases or due to.

Leeches. opium or chloroform narcosis.

Oxygen by inhalation in cyanesis of Stimulants.

Cystitis— Dysuria— Lithiasis—

Acid, boric, as a dusting powder or
solution to wash out the blad-
der, or given internally or as
boroglyceride as injection.

Do. carbolic 1% solution. Injection
into the bladder to preserve
the urine sweet.

Do. lactic, internally. Injection
1% solution.

Alkalies, citrates and bicarbonates, as
diuretics if the urine is highly acid,
stop when it becomes alkaline.

Ammonium as benzoate in enlarged
prostate or phospha-
tic deposit.

Do. citrate or borate in chro-
nic inflammation.

Antipyrin 20 grs. as injection into
the bladder or recturr. .

Arbutin as a diuretic.

Argenti nitras solution (1 in 15)
locally in painful cystitis or (1
in 50) as a vesical wash or (1 in 200)
as an intravesical injection.

CYSTITIS.

463

Aristol as dusting powder.

Boroglyceride.

Calcium hippurate.

Cantharides or cantharidin if pain
and straining with frequent mic-
turition.

Cantharis tincture 1 to 5 ms. to
relieve vesical catarrh, irritation
and pain along the urethra.

Carbonated water.

Carlsbad salts.

Chloral hydrate injection, in irri-
tability of the bladder.

'Creolin solution as injection in per-
sistent cystitis.

Demulcents.

Fomentation, hot.

Ferri chloride tincture with buehu
internally.

Formaldehyde.

Gallobromal.

Glycerin of carbolic acid application.

Guaiacol.

Hydrargyri bichloride as solution to
wash the bladder.

Hydrogen peroxide.

Ichthyol as irrigation.

Iodides.

Iodine.

Iodoform alone as dusting powder
or suppository with belladonna
for painful cystitis.

Iodoformogen as suppository.

Lithium salts, as benzoate.

Lithontriptics.

Methylene blue.

Mineral acids diluted.

Mucilaginous drinks.

Naphthol.

Potassa caustica.

Potassii liquor and hyoscyamus
as an anodyne with decoction of
triticum repens or barley water in
acute cystitis to control pain and
micturition.

Potassium salts, as acetate, benzoate,
bromide, chlorate, cit-
rate, to affect reaction of
the urine. Nitrate or per-
manganate ^ per cent,
solution for injection.

Do. bicarbonate. To affect re-
action of the urine.

Do. bromide.

Pyoktannin.

Resorcin.

Salicylic acid — large doses internally
or by injection into the bladder.
The solution or the salicylates to
dissolve mucus in the urine and to
prevent decomposition.

Saliformin.

Salol as an antiseptic 5 per cent,
solution for injection. To wash out
the bladder in purulent catarrh,
as a disinfectant ; its constituents
are excreted with the urine.

Sodii benzoas 1 dr. with tinct.

gelsemii 2 drs. and water 6
ozs. One ounce as a wash in
painful cystitis and enlarged
prostate of old men.

Do. salicylate and sulpho-carbon-
ate.

Do. silicate.

Sodium salts as biborate, bicarbo-
nate.

Sozoiodole sodium 1% as irrigation.

Do. zinc internally to render
the urine aseptic or irrigation \
per cent.

Sulphites, to prevent pus and to pre-
serve the urine sweet.

Sulpho-carborate as antiseptic to
preserve the urine sweet.

Sulphur.

Zinc sulphate.

Diet. — Milk.

Injections to wash out the bladder. — Lead acetate (1 in 200 of warm water),
acid nitric dilute (1 in 250 of water), borax 1 dr. with glycerin 2 drs., water
2 drs. Dose— £ dr. in 25 drs, of warm water.

DEAFNESS.

External remedies . — Baths — hip baths, catheterism of the urethra, circum^
eision, evacuation of the urine, elevation of the pelvis, enemata of hot water
and poppy head fomentations hot, hot compress over the bladder, hot douche
over the bladder region, hot enemata to relieve pain, injection — hot water,
vaginal or rectal, leeches to the perineum, poultices — anodyne, rest iri bed
in horizontal posture.

Deafness —

Ammonium chloride.

Cantharidis ointment 30 grs. to 1 oz.
of lard alternated with mercury
ointment applied below or behind
the ear in deafness due to thick-
ened tympanum.

Castor tincture.

Collodion application to the relaxed
tympanum causing deafness.

Faradization of the ear in nervous
cases.

Gargles if due to throat affection,
chiefly of potassium nitrate, borax
to which capsicum may be added.

Glycerin with olive oil locally for
dry or ruptured tympanum.

Inflation of the eustachian tube.

Mercury bichloride gargle if due to
syphilis.

Olive oil.

Opium tincture locally.

Phosphorus oleate. Mop the tympa-
num.

Remove wax from the external
canal.

Sanitas oil.

Debility-

Acid hypophosphorous.

Alcohol with meals, not to push it if
there is torpor of the liver.

Arsenic alone or with iron.

Baths — Turkish.

Bitter tonics.

Calcium salts as phosphate and
hypophosphites if debility be due
to over-work.

Cod-liver oil.

Eucalyptus.

Gaduol.

Glycerino-phosphates.
Hsemogallol as blood producer.
Haemol.

Iron salts.

Magnesium hypophosphite.
Manganese alone or with iron.
Orexine.

Potassium hypophosphite.

Sea bathing.

Zinc hypophosphite.

Delirium due to Cerebral Congestion,

Acetanilid.

Alcohol if due to exhaustion.

Antimony tart, with opium in deli-
rium of fevers.

Baths, cold douche in maniacal deli-
rium.

Blisters if due to irritant poison.

Bromides, chiefly ammonium bromide
and potassium bromide, in large
doses.

Delirium Tremens —

Acid phosphates.

Do. phosphoric dilute with tinc-
ture cinchona.

Alcohol to aid digestion.

Typhus and other Fevers—

Chloral hydrate if delirium of fevers is
violent, but sometimes dangerous
in old drunkards and always in
heart disease.

Chloroform inhalation to procure
sleep.

Cold douche in maniacal delirium.

Musk in low fever.

Warm bath and cold douche alter-
nately useful in maniacal delirium.

Ambergris.

Ammonias acetate liquor strengthens
drunkards.

Do. liquor.

DEMENTIA PARALYTICA

465

Ammo-nit et potassii tartras.
Ammonium bromide alone or with
lupulin.

Do. carbonate, in cerebral

anaemia and in feeble
circulation.

Do, chloride \ dr. in deli-

rium restores the faculties.
Anaesthetics are dangerous.

Arsenic in morning vomiting with
delirium.

Aurum bromide hypodermically.
Bezoar.

Bismuth with hydrocyanic acid.
Bromated camphor.

Bromides, to lessen irritability.

Butyl chloral hydrate.

Chloral at outset very successful, bu
dangerous to old drunkards or
when heart disease exists.
Chloroform inhalations to procure

Ethylene bromide.

Fel bovinum.

Glycerin.

Gold and sodium chloride.

Methylal.

Paraldehyde.

Phosphorus in chronic cases.
Potassium bromide.

Do. iodide.

Spiritus ammoniae aromatic during
craving.

Do. etheris comp,

Sulphonal, to procure sleep.

Tartar emetic with opium as hypnotic
to control violent delirium and
insomnia.

Urethane.

Zinc bromide, to lessen tremor.

Do. oxide 2 grs. as nervine sedative
and tonic, to lessen craving..
Do. phosphide.

sleep*

External remedies . — Baths, hot or vapour, cold douche in maniacal delirium,
electricity, emetic, ice to the head to reduce temperature, room (dark), stomach
pump, wet-sheet packing to eliminate the poison.

Diet. — Concentrated liquid food. Stimulants in moderation. Animal diet in
the fluid form in small quantities, and frequently given. Eggs, soup, milk,
cocoa, coffee.

Dementia Paralytica—

Calcium lactophospbate.

Cod-liver oil. Very useful..

Methylal.

Dengue or Break-bone Fever —

Acid carbolic 4. per cent, solution as
lotion to avoid itching.

Do. salicylic to relieve pain in
joints and muscles.

Antifebrin.

Antimony potassio tart.

Antipyrin.

Calomel with ipecacuanha c. opio
and quinine.

Dentition in Children —

Antispasmin.

Borax and potassium chlorate with
glycerin as a mouth-wash.

Calcium hippurate.

Paraldehyde 1 dr. as a calmative
and hypnotic.

Sulphonal.

Tonics are very useful.

Camphorated oil. To avoid itching
locally.

Diaphoretics as ammonii acetatis
liquor.

Emetics as ipecacuanha at the onset.

Mineral acids.

Potassii citratis.

Purgatives as colocynth.

Salicylates to relieve pain in joints,
or muscles.

Calcium phosphate.

Cleanliness of the mouth.

Hypophosphites of calcium and- so-
dium as tonic.

59

466 DIABETES INSIPIDUS «

Lancing the gums if there is much
tension, or the gums much swollen,
but should not be indulged in.
Potassium bromide to lessen irri-
tability and convulsions m children.
Diabetes Insipidus —

Acetanilid.

Acid nitric dilute.

Alum.

Antipyrin.

Arsenic to improve general con-
dition.

Bromides.

Chalybeates.

Creosote.

Galvanism — one pole to the nape of
the neck and the other to the loins
or to the epigastrium.

Diabetes Mellitus, Glycosuria—

Acetanilid.

Acid boracic solution — antiseptic
mouth-wash.

Do. carbolic as mouth-wash.

Do. lactic.

Do. phosphoric — largely diluted or
mixed with acidulated waters,
to quench thirst.

Do. salicylic.

Adrenal extract.

Alcohol.

Alkalies and alkaline mineral waters
in obese subjects and in hepatic
torpor are useful.

Alum.

Ammonium carbonate with tincture
of opium.

Do. citrate with Dover's
powder.

Antipyrin lessens the secretion of
urine.

Arsenic bromide or arsenic liquor
to improve faulty assimilation in
diabetes of hepatic origin and in
thin subjects.

Asperin.

Bezoar.

Bitumen.

Calcium hippurate, phosphate or
lactophosphate is of benefit in
thin nervous and strumous cases.

Sodium bicarbonate with rhubarb
internally for aphthae.

Zinc oxide with opium in diarrhoea.

Gold chloride.

Iron valerianate. Iron and strych-
nine as tonic give good results.

Liquor arsenic bromatus.

Neurodin.

Nitroglycerin.

Oxygen inhalation or oxygenated
water.

Potassium iodide is curative if syphi-
litic taint.

Sodium salicylate is very useful.

Zinc valerianate.

Cantharidin ointment on the pah-
creatic region.

Dulcin sweeter than saccharine is
useful.

Eau de cologne to sponge the body.

Ether.

Exalgine.

Fel bovinum.

Ferrum redactum or ferri perchloridi
is very useful.

Gil-i-armani.

Glycerin alone or with citric acid
or phosphoric acid, in place of
sugar, has produced good results.

Gold leaf, or gold bromide and ar-
senic, or gold chloride are useful.

Guaiacol.

Hsemo-gallol as hematinic.

Hsemol.

Hair glove for dry friction of the
body.

Hydrogen peroxide.

Hygiene.

Ichthalbin.

Iodoform in 2-grs. doses givers
internally is very valuable in
diminishing sugar.

Iodole like iodoform is equally bene-
ficial.

Koumiss.

BIARRHCEA

467

Levulose or diabetin resembles
carbo-hydrate or saccharine food,
but is well oxidised and assimi-
lated by diabetic patients.

Lithium carbonate or citrate 8 grs.
with arsenic liquor 3 ms. is Very
beneficial.

Massage.

Methylene blue is very beneficial.

Mineral waters, — Vais, Vichy, &c.

Orchitic extract very successful.

Oxygenated water is useful.

Pancreatin.

Pea nuts being rich in albumen
should be taken.

Phosphorus and phosphates to avert
failure of nutrition.

Potassium bromide 20 grs. is a useful
remedy.

Do. permanganate.

Take regular exercise,
excitement, Turkish baths, massage.

Purgatives.

Saccharin — not nutrient. Does well
for sweetening purposes only.
Sodium salts as arseniate.

Do. citrate.

Do. chloride and phosphate — a
warm saline solution is used
as an intravenous injection
in diabetic coma.

Do. salicylate 10 to 15 grs. with
spirit of lavander and water.
Somatose.

Sozoiodole sodium.

Strontii lactas.

Sulphurated lime.

Transfusion.

Uranium nitrate in 3 gr. doses has
given decided results.

Urea.

wear flannel next the skin, avoid over-work, Worry,

Diet. — Fish, eggs, meat, cream, butter, almond or gluten bran bread
or biscuits, green vegetables should be taken in moderation. Give milk as
cure; no other food for 6 weeks, and then animal food. Avoid strawberries,
currants, peaches, oranges, nuts, jellies, pickles, vinegar. Take milk in
moderation ; also tea, coffee, cocoa. Use dry wines. Avoid sugar, starch,
farinaceous or starchy food, pastry, puddings of all kinds.

Diarrhoea —

Abrak.

Acid, boric.

Do. carbolic with bismuth useful in
fermentative diarrhoea and in
cholera infantum.

Do. hydrochloric dilute with tinctura
nucis vomici in painless
watery stools.

Do. nitric with nux vomica and
pepsin if diarrhoea is due to
liver disorder.

Do. nitro-muriatic with pepsin if due
to intestinal dyspepsia.

Do. salicylic if due to phthisis.

Do. sulphuric aromatic with extract
of haematoxylon, cinnamon and
opium in summer and choleraic
diarrhoea.

Do. sulphuric dilute internally.

Alkalies with pepsine in children
with sour-smelling stools.

Alum burnt in sub-acute and chro-
nic diarrhoea.

Ammonium carbonate or chloride
when watery secretion.

Antipyrin \ gr. in diarrhoea of
children.

Argenti nitras with opium in obsti-
nate chronic cases, in white pasty
offensive stools of phthisis and in
typhoid diarrhoea.

Aristol.

Arsenic liquor 1 m. with tinct. opii
1 m. before meals in diarrhoea
due to undigested food, in
discharges of membranous
shreds.

Arsenite of copper a good check on
diarrhoea.

Bandharo,

Bezoar.

Benzosol,

468

BIARRHCEA

Bismuth salts— as citrate ; nitrate
3 grs. with grey powder £ gr. in
children ; ammonium citrate is
useful in diarrhoea without irri-
tation, but due to relaxation of the
intestinal mucous membrane ;
oxide, phosphate, or subnitrate
3 grs., with morphia sulphate
% gr., is indicated where desire
for stools is felt soon after food ;
naphtholate and subgallate
20 grs., of great service ; salicylate
5 to io grs. is useful in diarrhoea
of phthisis and of typhoid fever.
Calcium salts, as borate, carbonate
as chalk mixture is given in
diarrhoea of phthisis and typhoid
fever. Chloride in strumous
children. Lactophosphate in
atonic cases, permanganate,
phosphate, sulphophenate, salicy-
late in diarrhoea with foetid stools.
Calomel gr* in children with irri-
table stomach in slimy stools with
griping and straining.

Calx saccharata in atonic diarrhoea
in children.

Carbo ligni if foetid stools.
Chloroform with opium after a pur-
gative.

Cold packing over the abdomen.
Copper arsenite or sulphate gr.
internally or with iodized starch
and opium as rectal injection.
Creolin.

Creosote with spirit ammon. aroma-
tic, capsicum, and opium.

Creta aromatica mixture or pulv.
alone or with opium, in sour
smelling stools. Opium in children
should be given with extreme care.
Gaduol in scrofulous children.
Guaiacol carbonate.

Hydrargyrum cum creta in bilious
catarrh to restore the bilious colour
and lessen the frequency of the
stools.

Ice to spine.

Iodine tincture I or 2 ms. in diar-
rhoea due to atony of intestinal
mucous membrane.

Iodo-terch’ioride liq.

Iron salts, as sulphate, ammo sire
sulphate, potassium tartrate, per-
nitrate with or without opium.

Isinglass as congee.

Lead acetate with starch and opium
as rectal injection.

Liquor bismuth et ammon. citras or
liquor calcis for diarrhoea in
children.

Magnesia as antacid in children.

Mercury perchloride (i in 500) in
mucous diarrhoea with clay-
coloured stinking pasty motions
with flatulence and bad digestion.

Milk or koumiss.

Mineral acids in painless, watery
motions, light-coloured and alka-
line.

Napthalin.

Naphtol benzoate.

Pancreatin.

Paraformaldehyde.

Peptenzyme in diarrhoea of children.

Potassium bichromate, in diarrhoea
due to intestinal ulcera-
tion.

Do. chlorate.

Resorcin very useful in diarrhoea of
children.

Salol in diarrhoea due to the action
of microbes.

Sangjirun.

Silver oxide internally.

Sodium salts as chloride, borate, car-
bonate, paracresotate, phosphate
in acid stools.

Starch iodized alone or with acetate
of lead, opium or sulphate of cop-
per and opium as rectal injection.

Tannalbin.

Tannoform.

Thymol 5 grs. is useful as an intesti-
nal antiseptic in diarrhoea of
phthisis, chronic diarrhoea, in diar-
rhoea of children during teething.

Tribromphenol.

Zinc salts as oxide 3 to 10 grs., sul-
phate with ipecac, and opium or
sulpho-carbolate in summer
diarrhoea.

DIPHTHERIA. 469

External remedies. —Keep the abdomen warm with a flannel belt or binder.
Rest in bed is essential.

Formula . — Naphthol 2, bismuth salicylas 2, calc, phosph. 2, creta prae-
parata %. Dose— 10 grs.

Liq. hydrarg bichlor., 2 drs. ; liq. bismuthi, 2 drs. ; ext. belae liq. , 2 drs. ;
liq. morph, hydrochlor., 2 drs. ; tinct. chloroform co., 2 drs. ; aqua cinnamon,
2 ozs. Dose — 1 oz. for adult.

Diet. — Cool or cold, light bland food. In recent cases, milk cold, plain or
peptonized, alone or with barley water or lime water ; gruel, starchy food, whey,
arrowroot. In chronic cases digestible but nutritious food as meat juice
pounded or minced meat, calf-jelly, fresh fish, raw eggs, whisky,
port wine, brandy. Avoid vegetables, acid fruits, nuts, potatoes, fat and fatty
rich meat.

Diphtheria—

Acetanilid.

Acid, boric, in solution with thymol
as gargle.

Do. carbolic 5 to 10 grs. to 1 oz.
of cosmolin or solution as
spray by atomiser locally to
the throat, to destroy germs
and to remove foetor ; strong
acid with glycerin is used
as a caustic or as a paint in
the throat.

Do. carbolic with acetic acid and
myrrh as solution or as
gargle.

Do. carbolic with iodine internally
to prevent systemic infec-
tion.

Do. hydrochloric when diluted as
gargle.

Do. hydrofluoric as inhalation.

Do lactic (1 in 25) solution as spray
paint or gargle.

Do. salicylic locally as gargle
or internally in 10 gr.
doses.

Do. sulphurous gas as a spray to
arrest the growth, given in-
ternally in 1 dr. doses to
cause rapid disappearance
of the exudation ; should
be given in milk to chil-
dren.

Do. tartaric solution locally con-
verts the membrane into a
gelatinous mass.

Alcohol with potassium chlorate, a
nice local antiseptic, used as a
spray by atomiser, also internally
given.

Alum and sulphur, equal parts, for
insufflation into the throat
with deep inspiration.

Do. with potassium chlorate as
gargle.

Ammonii carbonas used freely in-
ternally.

Antidiphtheritic serum very useful.

Antifungin.

Antitoxin diphtheria in the early
stage.

Arsenic iodide gr* internally in
diphtheritic sore throat and in
sloughing throat.

Asaprol.

Aseptol.

Basicin.

Borax glycerin solution locally.

Bromine vapour by inhalation or l
drop of 1 per cent, solution given
internally with benefit.

Bromol water 1 per cent, disinfect-
ant solution to be kept in the room.

Calcium bisulphite solution as a paint.
Do. chlorate in solution locally
removes germs, as lotion
for the mouth and foetor.
Do. lactophosphate.

Calomel with Dover's powder a very
efficient germicide ; given inter-
nally to check plastic exudation.

4?o

DIPHTHERIA.

Chinolin 5 per cent, solution as a
paint or tartrate 10 grs. inter-
nally.

Chloral with glycerin and water as
an application for the
throat.

Do. hydrate 15 grs. internally ; to
be avoided if the heart is weak.

Chloralum,

Chlorinated soda solution as gargle
or wash.

Chlorine water solution internally,
and as a gargle in sloughing of
the throat. A nice prophylactic.

Copper sulphate as an emetic.

Creolin with menthol and toluene
applied on a swab of cotton to
destroy bacilli and prevent absorp-
tion of toxin.

Creosote.

Ferri sulphas diluted with sulphuric
acid as a gargle.

Ferropyrin.

Fluorine.

Gycozone internally.

Hydrargyri iodidi internally.

Hydrogen peroxide, solution alone
or with 1 in 1,000 or 1 in 200 of
cosminol as spray or gargle to
the fauces, larynx and pharynx,
should be used in the early stage.
It destroys germs and young
bacilli. A nice prophylactic dur-
ing epidemics.

Hydronaphthol as a spray.

Ichthyol with mercury bichloride
as inunction into the glands of
the neck or internally.

Iodine with carbolic acid or with
potassium iodide as a paint to the
throat. The solution is used as
inhalation.

Iodoform or iodol 20 grs. to 1 oz. of
cosminol as spray.

Iron chloride, tincture painted as
solution or applied by spray to the
throat or given internally, 20 ms,
if suppuration threatens.

Lime water as a spray to the back
of fauces during deep inspiration
dissolves false membrane.

Manganesii oxidum.

Mercury bichloride 230 §fr- internally
alone or with ichthyol if
nluch fever or with anti-
pyrin and ichthyol.

Do. oxycyanide solution
gr. to 1 oz. of water as a
gargle.

Methylene blue solution as applica-
tion in ulceration of the throat.

Nuclein internally.

Oxygen inhalation.

Pancreatine.

Pepsin alone or with malt as solvent
of the false membrane.

Potassse liquor solution internally.

Potassium chlorate with cinchona
internally and as a gar-
gle.

Do. permanganate (1 in 1,000)

as gargle or internally,
of great benefit.

Do. bichromate, tt¥ gr., as an

emetic.

Pyoktannin locally.

Resorcin as spray, 10 to 40 grs. to
1 oz. of cosminol.

Sanitas oil as an antiseptic locally.

Sodium salts, as benzoate , internally.
Dose — i dr., also as an insufflation.
Borate solution as gargle. Chlori-
nate liquor as gargle. Chlorate ,
internally. Fluosilicate and hypo-
sulphite internally or solution (1 in
16J as a spray to the throat, or as
injection into the nose. Nitrate
and salicylate internally 2 per cent,
solution. Dose — 4 drs. Sulphate
(1 to 8) internally. Sulphite (1 to 8)
as injection for nares in nasal diph-
theria. Sulphocarbolate internally
in lieu of carbolic acid. Hyposul-
phite 1 dr. to 2 ozs. of water, or
glycerin used locally by a brush
or spray to the throat, or by a
syringe to the nares or internally.

Sozoiodole potassium or sodium with
sulphur as dusting powder or in-
sufflation.

Stimulants — brandy, champagne —
used freely.

DROPSY.

471

Sulphur burned in the room.

Do. and alum (1 to i)as insuffla-
tion through a quill into the
throat during inspiration,
as often as asphyxia is
threatened or as a gargle.
Do. rubbed up with water as a
gargle.

Thymol with glycerin and water as
a gargle, or with chlorate of
potash, quinine and brandy given
internally.

Tribromphenol.

Trypsin as a spray with an atomizer.
A good solvent of the false mem-
brane.

Water — ice in the mouth.

Formula. — Mercury cyanide, T\ gr. ; tincture aconite, 30 ms.; honey, 12 drs.
Dose — 1 dr.

External remedies. — Wet-pack to the throat, fresh air, ice bags to the throat,
ice sucked, intubation of the larynx, moist inhalations, nutritive enemata to
sustain the system, steam bath locally, tracheotomy in extreme cases.

Diet. — Good food, nourishing and supporting, wines, brandy, soups, milk
to maintain strength.

Dropsy — Hepatic, Cardiac and Renal —

Acid nitric dilutum. In cirrhosis of
the liver.

Acupuncture in oedema about the feet
to be followed by hot foot-bath.

Ammonium chloride if hepatic.

Analgesine.

Arsenic in dropsy due to feebleness
of heart, in swelled feet in old
age or debility.

Atmosphere, warm and dry.

Aurum or gold salts, in ascites and
other dropsies due to hepatic
disease.

Baths — warm, to be followed by
long walks.

Bromine if due to scarlatina or to
renal or hepatic form.

Calomel \ gr. with squill and digi-
talis useful in cardiac dropsy.

Chalybeate waters (purgative).

Diuretin 15 grs. in water. In car-
diac and renal dropsy, hepatic cir-
rhosis, in cedema due to diseases
of the heart or kidneys. Avoid
acids and acid vegetable juices.

Ferri et ammonii acetatis liquor.

Do. et potassio tartras. In dropsy
due to anaemia.

Ferropyrine.

Fuchsine.

Haemo-gallol in marked anaemia.

Incisions f inch long over external
malleolus, to be followed by hot

sponge moistened with weak car-
bolic acid solution and kept to
incisions.

Iodine locally to the abdomen in
ascites.

Lactose.

Mercury perchloride liquor or

hydrargyrum cum creta or

pilulae hydrargyri with squill and
digitalis in dropsy with dyspnoea
due to cardiac disease.

Mistura magnesia et asafetida.

Nitrous ether with other diuretics.

Paracentesis abdominis in severe
cases.

Potassium and sodium salts as the
acetate and bitratrate, diluted with
water ; useful in desquamative
nephritis and in dropsy due to
valvular disease of the heart.
Potassium carbonate or the iodide
in large doses and sodium tartrate
and sulphate are useful in renal
dropsy.

Resorcin.

Saliformin.

Saline cathartics.

Sodium benzoate and phosphate in
dropsy with albuminuria.

Theobromine and its salts.

Urea.

Uropherine benzoate.

Do. salicylate.

472

DUODENAL CATARRH.

Diet. — Solid, dry food, light and nourishing diet in dropsy of serous cavities.

Skimmed milk in renal dropsy.

Duodenal Catarrh — Acute and chronic

Acid citric.

Acid nitro-hydrochloric internally,
also as a bath, 3 drs. to 8 pints of
water to the hepatic region.

Arsenic in jaundice due to catarrh
of the bile ducts after duodenal
catarrh.

Aurum salts, very useful,

Bismuthi phenylicum.

Do. salicylate 5 to 10 grs.

Calomel to relieve obstruction.

Gold sodium chloride.

Magnesii sulphas.

Naphthalin.

Papain.

and obstruction to bile ducts.
P’ancreatin.

Potassium bichromate gr. useful
in duodenal dyspepsia, with coated
tongue^pale stools, hypochondriac
pain, vomiting of glairy fluid..
Resorcin.

Saiol, very useful.

Sodium cresotinate.

Do. phosphate 1 dr. In duode-
nal catarrh and in catarrh of
the bile ducts resulting in
jaundice and hepatic colic.
Do. salts as benzoate,

Vichy water contains sodium phos-
phate, hence very useful.

Diet. — Avoid fats or starch. Give milk, eggs, oysters,, fish, &c.

Dysentery —

Acid boric as injection or irriga-
tion with a double channel
tube.

Do. carbolic internally 10 ms. with
syrupus rhei aromaticus
1 oz. and oil of sassafras
5 ms. Dose — 1 dr.

Do. nitro-hydrochloric dilute
as lotion (1 in 20) in chronic
cases.

Do. sulphuric dilute, with saline
purgatives.

Do. salicylic with opium (7 to 1) as
an intestinal antiseptic.

Aluminium acetate liquor internally
for children.

Do. sulphate with Dover’s
powder in chronic cases.

Ammonium chloride.

Argenti nitras, \ gr. after subsidence ;
at a later stage, | gr. with opium
if acute symptoms internally or
as an enema of gr* ia 2 ozs.
of water beyond the colon and
rectum. Locally as an escharotic
through anal speculum to rectal
ulcers or as an antiseptic wash
for the intestines (1 in 1,000) in
chronic cases.

Aristol.

Arsenic liquor 2 ms. with opium
2 ms. often benefits when dysen-
tery is due to malaria.

Baptisin.

Benaonaphtol.

Bismuth salts, as oxide, or salicylate
internally ; subcarbonate, with
tincture opii (2 to 1) as enema ;
subnitrate 15 grs. internally, also
used with starch and chalk mixture
as a rectal injection.

Carbo ligni in chronic cases.

Cold enema to relieve pain and te-
nesmus.

Copper sulphate ^ gr_, useful in,
chronic cases.

Creolin as an enemata.

Creosote with morphia and acetic
acid very useful.

Emetic of common salt, long pep-
per and hot water.

Ferri chloridum tincture, a weak
solution. To irrigate the
bowels in bad cases with
great benefit.

Do. pernitratis liquor. In chronic
cases.

Do. subsulphatis liquor as enema.

Glycerin 1, with linseed tea 4, in-
ternally to lessen tenesmus.

DYS M EN OR R H CE A .

473

Hydrogen peroxide very useful.

Hydrargyrum cum creta for children
if the stools are bloody or slimy.

Ice water for rectal injection.

Injections of emollients in the early
stage and of astringents in
advanced stage.

Iodine with potassium iodide as an.
enemata.

Lead acetate with morphia and ace-
tic acid as enema or as sup-
positories. To allay tenesmus.

Magnesium salicylate.

Mercury bichloride internally in
chronic cases, and as rectal injec-
tion 0 in 1,000) in acute cases.

Methylene blue, it being partly ex-
creted by the faeces*

Naphthalin as suppositories.

Nickel sulphate internally.

Potassium bitartrate in scorbutic
dysentery.

Do. chlorate as enema.

Salol as an intestinal antiseptic.
Sang-jirun internally.

Sodae chlorinatae liquor as enema.
Sodium benzoas in intestinal ca-
tarrh and carbolate as an intes-
tinal antiseptic.

Somatose.

Sulphur in chronic cases,.
Tannalbin.

Tannoform.

Tribromphenol with opium and
almond oil internally.

Zinc oxide. Dose — 3 to 5 grs.

Zinc sulphate as enema.

Diet. — Avoid animal food ; avoid stimulants ; take liquid food, milk diet,
peptonized milk, light soups, beef tea, broths, barley or rice conjee.

Dy smenorrhoea —

Acetanilid, to relieve the pain.

Acid carbolic 5 per cent, solution
with tincture iodine applica-
tion to the uterine cavity.

Do. salicylic.

Ammonium acetate liquor | oz. with
ipecacuanha ^ gr. re-
lieves pain and keeps
the action of the skin.
Do. chloride.

Amyl nitrite, by inhalation in chlo-
rotic girls in neuralgic variety.
Antikamnia to relieve pain.

Antipyrin as an analgesic.

Arsenic liquor 3 to 5 ms. with tincture
of digitalis 10 ms. between the
periods in the membranous variety.
Avoid anodynes.

Borax with belladonna internally in
the membranous variety.
Boroglycerin 10 per cent, locally
to the os.

Bromides as a hypnotic*

Butyl chloral hydrate.

Carbonic acid injected into the
vagina with good results.

Cerium oxalate.

Chloralamid 30 grs. to prevent an
impending attack.

Chloroform by inhalation or as lini-
ment as anaesthetic to relieve pain.

Copper arsenite.

Croton chloral to relieve pain in
neuralgic form.

Electricity— galvanic current in neu-
ralgic and the inverse current in
congestive variety.

Ether.

Ethyl bromide.

Ferri iodidum.

Ferropyrine.

Gold and sodium chloride.

Haemogallol.

Haem o l*

Hydrargyri perchloride solution (r
in 2,000) application to the inte-
rior of the os.

Iron preparations if depending upon
anaemia.

Magnesium sulphate.

Manganese dioxide.

Nitroglycerin.

Potassium bromide if the discharge
is not membranous.

60

4/4

DYSPEPSIA.

Potassium nitrate internally. Spiritus etheris compositus,.

Silver oxide. Stypticin as uterine sedative.

Sodium borate with extract bella- Triphenin.
donna in the membranous form. Zinc cyanide.

Spiritus ammonias aromatic, better
than alcoholic stimulants.

External remedies. — Baths — hot footbath with mustard, bougies to th®*
cervix, curetting the interior of the uterus, dilatation of the cervix, dis-
placement (if any) to be corrected, douche (hot),, electricity in neuralgic
cases, galvanic current in congestive cases, stenosis ( if any ) to be cor-
rected, spinal ice bag if discharge is scanty, spinal hot water bag if discharge
is profuse, warm water injection into the uterus, warm covering in bed.

Dyspepsia, Hyperacidity, Biliousness, Flatulence, Pyrosis. Gastralgia^

Gastrodynia —

Abrak.

Acetanilid.

Acid, carbolic internally in dys-
pepsia due to miasma.

Do. carbolic and water, to.
relieve pain of gastrodynia.

Do. hydrochloric dil. with pepsin in
pyrosis and atonic gastric
condition, after meals.

Do. lactic with pepsin in imperfect
digestion.

Do. nitric with bitters.

Do. nitrohydrochloric with pep-
sin after meals in gastric
atony with mental despond-
ency, oxalates in the urine,,
and with offensive gas.

Do. phosphoric dilute before meals.

Do. salicylic to relieve paroxys-
mal pain.

Do. sulphurous 5 ms., well diluted,
in acid eructations.

Alcohol with food in atonic dyspep-
sia, with loss of appetite due to.
fatigue, also in indigestion and
during convalescence from acute
diseases.

Alkalies before meal increase the
gastric juice, better than acids ;;
alkaline mineral waters before
meals or 3 hours after food
in atonic dyspepsia of obese
subjects.

AJumini hydras given in pyrosis
gives relief*

Al'lyl tribrom.

Ammonium carbonate;

Do. fluoride.

Arsenic liquor 1 m., alone or with
iron, before meals acts with bene-
fit, in irritative dyspepsia, heart-
burn in neuralgia of the stomach
and diarrhoea excited by food.

Etheris spiritus compound 15 ms.
to relieve the pain quickly.

Aurum chloride in nervous dys.-
pepsia.

Benz-naphtol.

Beta naphthol.

Bezoar*

Bismuth alone or with arsenic,,
pepsin, cerii oxalas or
euonymin or with aroma-
tic powder and morphia in
gastralgia due to irrita-
tion.

Do. salts, as citrate ; subgallate
10 grs. with magnesia, 10
grs. in chronic cases ; sub-
iodide, subnitrate mixed
with vegetable charcoal,
in flatulent dyspepsia ; oxy-
chloride, oxy bromide, sali-
cylate in chronic catarrh.

Bitters with acids or alkalies.

Calcium saccharata.

Do. salts as carbonate, lacto-
phosphate.

Calomel \ gr. with hyoscyamu&3 grs.

Calx chlorinata.

DYSPEPSIA.

475

Carbo ligni.

Carlsbad salt.

Cerium oxalate.

Charcoal, if much flatulence.

Chloral, hydrate 5 to 10 grs. as a
gastric sedative and antiseptic in
nervous dyspepsia with severe
gastric pain.

Chloroform 2 to 5 ms. on sugar inter-
nally gives relief if there is rapid
fermentation of food and evolu-
tion of gas soon after eating ;
efficient in acute dyspepsia in neu-
rotic subjects.

Cod-liver oil.

Cold water before breakfast.

Creosote in fermentative variety
given after food; it checks the pain.

Creolin.

Emetics — enemata.

Ether.

Fel bovinum.

Ferri phosphas.

Ferropyrin.

Galvanism to the prteumogastric
and to the stomach.

Glycerin alone or with soap and
gluten as suppository.

Glycerino-phosphate internally.

Glycozone for atonic and acid dys-
pepsia.

Gold chloride.

Grey powder I gr. during chronic
dyspepsia.

Hydrogen peroxide.

Hypophosphites of lime, soda, iron,
ammonia and potash.

Iron and bismuth citrate.

Ichthalbin.

Ingluvin, to promote digestion.

Lactopeptine. \

Lime water with milk.

Liquor calcis.

Do. bismuthi et ammonium citrate.

Lithium carbonate and iodide.

Magnesia alone or with quassia in
acidity.

Malt extract.

Manganese black oxide 10 grs. in
pyrosis and gaslrodynia.

Massage.

Mercury, yellow oxide, to grs*
as cholagogue.

Milk, fresh buttered milk, koumiss.

Naphthol.

Do. benzoate.

Nitro-glycerin, to relieve pain.

Orexine tannate.

Pancreatin to be added to soups,
peptonized milk, in intestinal indi-
gestion.

Pepsin saccharated with hydrochloric
acid is useful in gastric indigestion.

Peptenzyme.

Potassium salts, as bichromate , car-
bonate, cyanide , iodide , nitrate ,
permanganate , sulphate.

Purgatives.

Resorcin.

Saccharin.

Salicin.

Salophen in intestinal dyspepsia
with flatulence.

Silver salts, as chloride , iodidey oxide%
nitrate \ gr., or silver oxide ^ gr.,
with hyoscyamus before meals to
relieve the pain in gastric neuralgia.

Sodium salts, as sulphite ; hyposul-
phite 10 grs. with quassia ; salicy-
late in fermentative gastralgia ;
carbonate 40 grs. with ginger 5
grs., calumba tincture ^ dr., and
aromatics in dyspepsia with flatu-
lence ; chloride , sozoidole , sulpho-
carbolate after meals. Taurotho-
late.

Somatose.

Strontium salts, as lactate or brotnidey
useful in acetic or lactic fermenta-
tions and in dyspepsia.

Water, cold, 4 ozs., before breakfast,
in flatulent dyspepsia.

Water, hot, 8 ozs. before each meal
or before going to bed ; a nice cure
for dyspepsia.

Zinc oxide 5 grs., with aromatic
powder and morphia, given
before food in gastralgia
occurring after food.

Do. salts, as ferrocyanide.

476

DYSPHAGIA.

Diet. — Dry diet relieves ice water dyspepsia, or that due to excessive acid
beer drinking. Digestible food, as soups, meat juice, good fish, lamb, mutton,
game, chicken or fowl, dried toast, farinacious food or biscuits, milk should be
taken in small quantities. Tea, coffee in moderation ; stimulants if necessary.
Avoid over-feeding, over-cooked food, plenty of iced water, fats, 'butter, pastry,
sweets, sauces, curries, pickles, fat, rich food, green vegetables, acid fruits,
tea, sour wines, nuts, kernels, unripe fruits, &c. Food should be well
masticated ; it should be eaten slowly, generally taken in small quantities
in company of friends. While taking it, the patient should be free from worry
or excitement ; should cultivate out-of-door habits. Fresh air, gentle exercise,
Turkish and warm baths, warm clothings, and regularity in the hours of
food and sleep and attention to the bowels are necessary requirements.

External retnedies. — Acupuncture, aquapuncture, emetics, galvanism to the
pneumogastric and to the stomach, hot application, massage, purgatives,
counter-irritant.

Formula. — (i)Acid hydrochl. dil., 40 ms.;pepsine porci., 40 grs. ; tr. capsicum,
1^ drs. ; tr. nucis vomici, i| drs. ; spt. vini galici, i£ oz. ; tr. gent co., 3 drs. ;
aqua, 4 ozs. ; syrup limonis, 1 oz. Mix. Dose — \ to 3 drs.

(2) Soda bicarb., 45 grs.; acid hydrocyan, dil., 4 ms. ; spt. ammon. aromat.,
2 drs. ; spt. chloroform co., 2 drs. ; tr. nucis vomici, 2 drs. ; tr. zingiber,
2 drs. ; infus gent co., 8 ozs. Mix. Dose — 2 to 3 drs.

Dysphagia— Choking during Swallowing —

Acid hydrocyanic with water as Chlorine water in hot solution as

garj

fie.

spray in laryngeal dysphagia.
Galvanism in the vicinity of the
oesophagus in hysterical cases.

Ice to suck.

Iced water-sipping in spasmodic
dysphagia.

Iron, quinine and strychnine for post
diphtherical dysphagia.

Sedative agents in warm solution as
spray or swab in phthisical
laryngitis or if due to tonsillitis.
Dyspnoea due to cardiac, pulmonary, pharyngeal, laryngeal or tracheal
diseases, angina pectoris, asthma, bronchitis, croup, emphysema, phthisis —
Ammonium carbonate internally. Ether, 1 dr. doses in uraemic dysp-
Amyl nitrite in cardiac and other noea, also where there is pulmo-

Ammonium bromide in warm solution
as a spray in dysphagia due to
disease of the larynx.

Bromide of potassium internally if
due to hysteria or in congenital
dysphagia for liquids in children,
but no malformation.

Cajuput oil in nervous dysphagia
with success.

forms of dyspnoea.

Arsenic in dyspnoea due to weak
heart or in that of chronic bron-
chitis.

Bleeding in sthenic subjects of pneu-
monia with lividity of the face and
full pulse and pulmonary em-
barrassment.

Chloroform internally or a few whiffs
as inhalation in cough and dysp-
noea of bronchitis and of phthisis.

Dry cupping over the back is very use-
ful in pulmonary or cardiac trouble.

* nary engorgement.

Ethyl iodide as inhalation.

Do. nitris in cardiac cases.

Oxygen inhalation to relieve dysp-
noea of advanced phthisis or of
mitral heart-disease.

Potassium iodide in large doses.

Pyridine as inhalation in cardiac
cases.

Spermine.

Terpin hydrate 2 to 5 grs. in asthma-
tic dyspnoea.

Thoracentesis if pleural effusion.

EAR AFFECTIONS*

477

Ear Affections—

Acid, boric, dry, by insufflation into
external meatus, after a weak
astringent injection.

Do. hydrobromic dilute.

Ammonium hydrochlorate.
Antipyonin.

Astringent injection to relieve
inflammation.

Bismuth subgallate as a dusting
powder.

Carbon bisulphide.

Cupri sulphas.

Di-iodoform as an antiseptic.
Electricity — faradization.
Fomentations.

Ecthyma-

Borax solution with rose water or
elder flower water.

Chlorinated lime solution as a lo-
tion.

Cod-liver oil locally and inter-
nally.

Gaduol internally as resolvent.
Glycerin locally.

Grape cure.

Ectropion and Entropion —

Collodion, concentrated. In entro-
pion by causing contraction of the
lid thus restoring its old position.
Epilation of the^lashes in entropion.
Faradization in paralytic ectropion.
Removal of eyelashes. In entro-
pion good results follow.

Eczema — Impetigo —

Acetanilid.

Acid boric with liquor plumbi as
lotion, or with vaseline as
ointment locally in intertrigo
and impetigo.

Do. carbolic internally, also as
ointment, 20 grs. to 1 oz. of
cosmolin, is used externally
in chronic form.

Do. chrysophanic 25 grs. to 1 oz.
of cosmolin.

Do. mineral as nitric, and phos-
phoric internally to improve
digestion.

Hydrogen peroxide, to soften ear
wax.

Iodole very useful in eczema of the
ear used by insufflation into the
canal or as ointment in dry
eczema.

Leeches to relieve the pain.

Pyoktannin.

Sodium bicarbonate or borate solu-
tion syringe into the ear.

Do. bromide 30 grs. with benefit
in tinnitus aurium.

Sozoiodole, zinc.

Warm water by syringe, to re-
move wax and foreign bodies.

Ichthalbin internally as tonic.

Ichthyol locally.

Iodoform locally.

Lead acetate liquor 1 to 8 of
water locally as a soothing ap-
plication.

Potassium chlorate as lotion.

Zinc oxide with camphor and gly-
cerin— an excellent application. ••

Silver nitrate freely applied ;
application to the exposed
surface of the lower lid due to
hypertrophied conjunctiva after
inflammation.

Acid picric 1 per cent, solution
locally.

Do. pyrogallic 10 to 40 grs. to 1 oz.
of cosminol, locally.

Do. salicylic with soap as asalicy-
lated soap plaster, or with
10 grs. to 1 oz. of cosmolin
as ointment in eczema of the
hands and feet.

Adeps lanse locally.

Alkalies — wreak solutions as a wash.

Alum, aluminium oleate or alumnol
to check profuse discharge.

Amyli as a dusting powTder.

478

ECZEMA — IMPETIGO

Argent! nitratis with spiritus setheris
nitrosi{i to 12) as solution or as
paint.

Aristol 20 grs. to 1 oz. of cosminol
is an excellent application.

Arsenic iodide gr., or Fowler’s
solution 5 ms., on a full stomach,
in chronic eczema of vulva,
scrotum, anus, &c. Examine the
urine, and if renal irritation exists,
discontinue its use.

Barium iodide.

Baths, warm water medicated with
potassium carbonate, sodium
carbonate, borax, potassium
acetate, & c.

Benzoate ointment to remove exuda-
tions and scales.

Bismuth salts, as subcarbonate or
subnitrate ; as powder or
as ointment with 1 to 8
of glycerin, locally in dry
eczema of the hand.

Do. subgallate locally if much
exudation.

Blister in chronic cases.

Brown citron ointment with tar oint-
ment to the margin of the lids in
eczema and on to the hairy parts
of the face.

Buck wheat flour locally applied.

Calamina preparata as lotion.

Calcium lithio-carbonate internally.
Do. sulphide -gh §T* acute
or chronic cases of pustular
form.

Calomel with zinc oxide as a dusting
powder in impetigo.

Cantharidis with vaseline locally.

Chloral hydrate with glycerin lo-
cally, or as ointment with petro-
leum, or as lotion.

Cimolite as a dusting powder.

Cod-liver oil locally in cracks, and
internally in malnutrition.

Collodion, flexible, to cover the
pustules in impetigo.

Copper sulphate with cocoanut oil
locally.

Creosote ointment.

Diachylon ointment next to
mercurial ointments.

Diaptherin.

Donovan’s solution 5 ms. internally.

Electricity as a cure in obstinate
cases.

Emol as dusting powder.

Epidermin.

Eugenol ointment.

Europhen locally.

Gaduol as an alterative tonic in
scrofulous cases.

Gallanol, gallo bromol, locally.

Glycerin with borax or tannin
locally.

Do. locally after caustic lotions
are used.

Do. plumbi subacetatis.

Graphite as an ointment (1 to 10) of
lard or with inert pow'der, as lyco-
podium or precipitated calcium
phosphate, in fissured eczema of
the hands and behind the ears.

Hydrargyri ammonio chloridum cum
sulphur ointment.

Hygiene.

Ichthalbin internally as assimi-
lative.

Ichthyol, in 10 per cent, of cosminol
as ointment.

Do. with collodion as a paste
locally.

Iodoform ointment.

Iodoformogen, iodole, as dusting
powder.

Iodopin, if due to syphilis and in
impetigo.

Iron arseniate or sulphate internally.

Kaolin ointment.

Kashisadi tel.

Kieselghur as dusting powder.

Lanolin as emollient application.

Lead soluble salts alone as lotion
when much inflammation and
discharge, or with glycerin as
ointment, or as strong solu-
tion in vesicular or pustular
conditions.

Do. carbonate as emollient and ni-
trate locally in impetigo.

479

EMACIATION OR WASTING.

Lime water with glycerin or olive oil
in acute cases as a sedative appli-
cation and to check discharge.

Liquor carbonis detergens locally.
Do. potassae or strong solution of
potash in chronic cases* locally
applied to infiltrate patch of chronic
eczema before healing.

Losophan.

Mercurial ointments containing am-
monium chloride, black oxide, red
oxide, nitrate, mild chloride, or red
iodide is an excellent application in
chronic indolent form.

Mercuro iodo haemol, if due to
syphilis, locally in impetigo.

Mercury as black and yellow washes
in vascular and pustular
conditions.

Do. oleate with oleate of zinc.

Milk cure.

Naphthalin.

Naphthol, Yz dr. to r dr. of cosminol,
as application.

Nosopherr powder for insufflation.

Phosphorus gr. in oil or pill. As
a hepatic stimulant useful in
chronic eczema.

Pilulae hydrargyri subchloride inter-
nally.

Pix liquida, internally when arsenic
is contra-indicated.

Plumbi stearas locally.

Potassium salts, as acetate or
chlorate internally in iodide ; also
internally in syphilitic cases ;
sulphide in water locally in eczema ;
sozoiodole-.

Poultices to remove scabs*

Pykotannin.

Emaciation or wasting —

Arsenic — a long course leads to fat-
tening and a gain in colour.

Calcium phosphate in chronic wast-
ing disease.

Cinchona improves appetite.

Cod-liver oil against malnutrition
and marasmus in children. Given
internally and applied with fric-
tion.

Pyrogallic acid ointment.

Resorcin ointment.

Salol, as an antiseptic and deodorant
powder.

Soaps, petroleum and carbolic, gly-
cerin, to allay itching.

Sodium salts, as chloride, with gly-
cerin and rosewater as ablution
in the exudation stage ; borate with
plumbi acetas ointment ; bicar-
bonate as lotion ; arsenate hypo-
dermically Into the patch to change
an indolent form into an acute
one.

Sozoiodole zinc.

Sulphides as baths in chronic cases.

Sulphur internally in chronic eczema.
Do. iodide.

Talc as dusting powder.

Tannin with glycerin locally.

Tannoform.

Thiol, as a dry dusting powder, very
efficient, better than ichthyol.

Thioresorcin locally.

Thymol with zinc oxide (i in io).

Thyroid extract used with benefit,

Tumenol.

Turkish baths.

Warm baths.

Yolk of egg with water.

Zinc salts as carbonate and oxide as
dusting powders.

Do. oleate io per cent., 2 drs. of it
in 10 ozs. of cosmolin, as oint-
ment alone or with stramo-
nium or with crude petroleum
to avoid itching.

Do. sulphate with zinci oleas, alum
and rose water as lotion — a1
nice protective.

Iodine improves digestion and gives'
strength and plumpness to1 the
body.

Iron salts promote digestion, cause
a gairr in flesh and colour.

Liquor ammoniae — injection or in-
ternally.

Do. potassae — injection.

480

EMPHYSEMA OF THE LUNGS.

Magnesium sulphite. Dose — 10 to
30 grs.

Olive oil by friction and inunction.
Opium.

Pepsine. To promote digestion oT
food.

Potassium iodide.

Rest.

Stimulants.

Emphysema of the Lungs — Leading to Asthma, Bronchitis, Dyspnoea, &c. —

Ammonium iodide with arsenic or
with copaiba, turpentine and
eucalyptol for bronchitis.

Arseniate of soda.

Arsenic when emphysema is. due to
recession of a rash.

Chloral hydrate against dyspnoea
brought on by catching cold.

Cod-liver oil to be given for a long
time.

Cubebs tincture as an expectorant.

Dionin.

Ether sulphuric with lobelia and
conium.

Ethyl iodide as inhalation.

Gaduol.

Hsemogallol.

Hsemol.

Hypophosphites very useful.

Iodine and liquid vaseline as inunc-
tion to the chest.

Iron phosphate,, quinine and strych-
nine and other chalybeates are
very useful.

Lactophosphates.

Musk.

Potassium iodide 10 grs. with po-
tassium bromide, senega and Vir-
ginean prunes affords great relief
next to morphine.

Phosphates of iron, quinine, strych-
nine is of benefit.

Purgation freely.

Resorcin.

with liniment ammonise, 1 oz., and

Formula locally . — Chloroformi, 2 drs.
liniment saponis 1 oz. Application to the chest. Internally ammon. bromide,
2 drs. ; tinct. lobeliae, 2 drs. ; ether sulphuric, 3 drs. ; tinct. conii, 2 drs. ;
tinct. stramonii, \ dr. ; mist, amygdale, 6 ozs. Dose — In paroxysmal

cough.

External remedies . — Bleeding if right heart is engorged, change of air to
pine wood regions, counter-irritants persistently used, flannel next to skin
over the chest, flying blisters, galvanic current (continuous), gymnastics to
the lungs, thermal mineral spring baths.

Inhalations. — Arsenical cigarette, chloroform, compressed air,, ether, stra-
monium cigarettes.

Empysema — Pyothorax —

Acid carbolic, a weak solution, for in-
jection after evacuating the pus.

Do. salicylic solution with alcohol
and water to wash the cavity, to
remove the foetid pus.

Ammonium acetate of iron with
quinine if the disease shows ten-
dency to prolong.

Aspiration and valvular drainage or
free incision.

Carbolate of iodine as an injection
or a wash.

Chlorine inhalation to remove fcetor.

Chlorine water as a solution to wash
the cavity.

Cod-liver oil — tonic.

Creosote.

Ferri et ammonii acetate liquor,
given in bronchiectasis.

Gaduol.

Ichthalbin as assimilative and altera-
tive.

Iodine carbolate for injection.

Do. in solution (1 in 15) as an
injection into the cavity after tap-
ping.

ENDOCARDITIS, MYOCARDITIS. 481

Iodine solution (1 in 15) of water as
a wash to prevent re-forma-
tion of pus.

Do. tincture to be thrown in the
cavity.

Endocarditis, — Myocarditis —

Acid salicylic is useful in the rheu-
matic form.

Alkalies— as carbonate of potassium
is given until urine is alkaline
to prevent permanent changes
about the valves.

Anti-rheumatics.

Calomel

Carbolate of iodine inhalation.
Chloral hydrate.

Ether, hypodermically.

Iodine.

Iodoform.

Iodoformogen.

Styrone.

Turpene — Inhalation for dyspnoea is
of benefit.

Lithium citrate or acetate is given
to render the urine alkaline.

Mercury with alkalies to prevent
fibrinous deposits.

Potassium carbonate, useful to
liquefy exudation.

Do. iodide to promote absorp-
tion of the exuded lymph.

Stimulants as ammonium carbonate
or wine if there is great depres-
sion.

External remedies. — Blisters, cupping, ice bag over the heart, leeches in
acute cases only. Poultices give great relief.

Enteritis— Intestinal Inflammation— Gastro Enteritis —

Acid boric as rectal enemata.

Argenti nitras internally in chronic
form.

Arsenic, in small doses, with opium,
is very efficacious.

Asepsis of the lower bowels by
enemata of sodii benzoas, boric
acid, sodium salicylate and re-
sorcin.

Benzbetal.

Bismuth salts as ammonium citrate,
salicylate, subgallate, given in*
ternally.

Calcium salicylate.

Calomel.

Chlorine water.

Copper arsenite and sulphate in-
ternally.

Creolin 1 gr. internally, as anti-
septic.

Eudoxin 5 grs. internally.

Helenin 2 grs. internally.

Ice to suck.

Ichthalbin internally.

Lead acetate as intestinal sedative.
Leeches to the abdomen.

Lime water useful in mucous en-
teritis.

Naphthalene to remove foetor of
stools.

Poultices, linseed, large, and as hot
as can be borne.

Resorcin as an antiseptic enemata.
Rest in bed.

Sodium benzoate as an antiseptic
enemata.

Do. nitrate.

Do. salicylate.

Tannalbin.

Tannoform.

Water, hot, for fomentation, followed
by cold water compresses.

Diet. — Bland diet, beef tea, skimmed milk.

Enuresis —

Cantharides tincture 1 to 2 ms. if Collodion to be painted over the
due to paralysis of the bladder. prepuce.

Chloral hydrate 3 grs. in enuresis in Habit to retain urine as long as
children. possible.

61

4S2

EPIDIDYMITIS.

Iron iodide syrup 20 ms. in strumous
cases.

Potassium bromide, useful if due to
paralysis of the sphincter vesicas.

Potassium nitrate useful for chil-
dren.

Sodium chloride to be eaten by chil-
dren.

Diet . — Bland fluids; avoid meat.

Epididymitis —

Acid phosphoric internally in de-
bility.

Do. salicylic.

Ammonium chloride, with alcohol
and ether solution locally.

Antimony tart, with sodium salt if
due to gonorrhoea.

Bismuth subnitrate paste or poultice
over the scrotum.

Cathartic salines.

Collodion locally in gonorrhoeal
cases.

Gold salts internally.

Ichthyol.

Iodine with mastiche and flexible
collodion or iodine ointment to
relieve induration.

Kaolin.

Mercurial ointment alone or with
belladonna or oleate 20 per cent,
with morphine applied locally.

Methyl chloride as spray to the
scrotum or over cotton wool first
applied over the scrotum.

Nitrate of silver 20 grs. to 1 oz. of
water, or an ethereal silver
solution painted over the scrotum,
will abort.

Plumbi subacetas (1 in 15) locally
or iodide with potas. iodid, bella-
donna and lard as ointment.

Sambarsing paste locally.

Silver nitrate, strong solution, 20grs.
to 1 oz., locally applied to the
scrotum.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi, locally.

External remedies. — Alcohol and water (evaporating lotion), cold effusion,
compress, elevation of testicles and pelvis, fomentation, heat, moisture and
pressure, hot baths, hot lotions to the testicles, ice bags to relieve the pain,
leeches, punctures to relieve tension and pain, rest in the recumbent posture
or in bed, strapping to support the testicle, suspensory bandage.

Formula. — Unguentum iodidum compound. — Plumbi iodidi 5, potassium
iodide 2, extract belladonna 2, extract opii lanolin 45. Mix. Application.

Epilepsy—

Acetanilid 6 grs. in cachets is of
benefit in cases of full habit, red
face, injected eyes, &c., where
bromides fail.

Acid hydrobromic with extractum
stramonii liquidum internally.

Do. hypophosphorous dilute.

Do. picrosmic.

Actual cautery.

Ammoniacal vapour as inhalation.

Ammonium bromide alone or with
calcium bromide or with antipyrin
is very efficient. Ammon-chloride
or potassium bromide before
meals, with strychnine or arsenic
and vegetable bitters. Ammo-

nium salts, as carbonate valeria-
nate is useful in the hysterical
form.

Amyl nitrite as inhalation or 2 to
4 ms. internally with mucilage in
the beginning is useful.

Amylene hydrate or of 10 per cent,
solution with atropine is useful in
nocturnal cases, or where bro-
mides have failed.

Anaesthetics.

Aniline sulphate.

Antipyrin 6 grs. with ammonium
bromide 20 grs. during the men-
strual period is very useful in
some obstinate cases.

epilepsy. 483

Argenti chloridum or nitrate is ot
benefit, but it stains the skin,
and hence avoided.

Do. phosphas (tribasic). Dose
— 3- to \ gr. internally.

Arsenic bromide — ^to TV of a grain
in epileptic form, vertigo or due
to gastric disorders.

Aurum bromide | gr. alone or with
arsenic bromide solution 5 ms.
give satisfactory results.

Bezoar 1 gr. internally.

Bismuth subnitrate or valerianate
with antispasmodics internally.

Bromides or bromine salts as
rubidii bromidum, rubidium am-
monium bromidum in large dos-
es and for a long time ; they
should be . stopped temporarily
if they cause profound muscular
depression or mental alienation.

Bromoform.

Bromohaemol.

Bromolin.

Cantharis vesicatoria tincture 2 ms,
internally.

Castoreum internally.

Chloral hydrate with bromides is
suitable in nocturnal 'variety with
tendency to insomnia, violent con-
vulsions or maniacal excitement ;
to be used with care and avoided if
there is weak heart.

Chloroform inhalation during the
paroxysm and at intervals in hys-
terical cases.

Cod-liver oil to improve assimilation.

Copper salts as ammonium sulphate
£ gr.; the nitrate or the oxide is
given with benefit in cases origi-
nating from the stomach.

Emetics.

Ether sulphuric internally.

Ethylene bromide..

Ferri bromidum.

Do. perchloride..

Fluorides.

Gaduol.

Gold bromide.

Head to keep, low down.

Hydrargvri bin-iodidunu

Hydrogen peroxide is useful as a
spray.

Hypophosphites of lime, soda, potash,
ammonium and iron alone or with
bromides.

Iron alone or with potassium bromide.

Do. hot, to the neck.

Do. valerianate.

Liquor arsenici bromatus..

Lithium bromide in \ dr. doses if
potassium bromide has failed.

Meat diet.

Neurodin.

Nickel bromide 5 grs. in epilepsy
occurring at the menstrual epoch..

Nitrite of amyl inhalation.

Do. of sodium.

Nitroglycerin 1 per cent, solution h
to 2 ms. internally is more endur-
ing than amyl nitrite.

Oleatum argenti.

Orchitic extract with benefit.

Ozone.

Paraldehyde.

Phosphorus.

Potassium nitrite.

Do. osmate.

Do. salts as bromide 40 grs..
or iodide 10 grs.

Rubidium iodidum.

Seton to the back of the neck.

Silver salts, useful agents.

Sisan bhashma.

Sodium biborate 20 grs. in nocturnal
fits and in nervous form
better than bromides.

Do. bromide, 20-gr. doses, ar-
rests the disease.

Spermine is used with benefit.

Stanni chloridum, £ gr.

Strontium bromide, 20 grs., is oftem
combined with physostigmine,.
liable to produce bromism.

Zinc salts, better used than copper
or silver salts. Zinc bromide 5 grs..
Zinc oxide 2 grs. is useful in cases,
originating from the stomach.
Zinc valerianate, citrate and lac-
tate cause stomach derangements,
and hence used with caution,.

484

EPISTAXIS.

External remedies. — Anaesthetics, actual cautery, blister, cold baths, dry
cupping-, electricity, excision, forcible extraction of muscle where the aura is
seated, head to be kept low down, inhalation of chloroform, cxygen inhala~
tion, seton to the nape of the neck and allow to remain, trephining if due
injury to the skull, Turkish baths.

Formula . — Ammonii iodidi, i dr.; ammonii carbonatis, i dr. ; ammonii bro-*
midi, 3 drs.; sodii bromidi, 2 drs,; potassii bromidi, 3 drs.; potassii iodidi,
1 dr.; tinctura calumbae, 6 drs.; aquae, 6 ozs. Mix. Dose — 2 drs.

Diet . — Avoid meat. Fats and oils are useful when faulty assimilation
exists.

Epistaxis—

Acetanilid.

Acid trichloracetic.

Alum as solution for injection or as
powder snuffed up into the nose.
Antipyrin as a local haemostatic 5 to
15 per cent, solution arrests hae-
morrhage.

Aristol.

Barium chloride.

Eucalyptus.

Europhen.

Ferric chloride with quinine inter-
nally.

Do. perchloride tincture — injec-

tion into the nostrils.

Ferric salt as oxypersulphate locally.

Do. sub-sulphate solution or liquor
ferri persulphatis (1 to 50) or
tinctura ferri perchloridi (1 in
25) as spray or nasal injection,
Ferropyrine.

Iodoformogen.

Iodole.

Lead acetate 2 to 5 grs. with opium
f gr. internally proves very useful.
Supra renal extract internally.
Vinegar cotton or lint soaked and
stuffed into the nostrils.

External remedies. — Blisters over the hepatic region, cautery, electric, if
haemorrhage is due to any ulcer in the anterior nose, cold water to the back,
compression of the facial artery, cupping, head to be kept elevated, hot
bag to the spine, hot foot-bath, ice over the nose and head, insufflation,
legation of the extremities, plugging the nostrils, tampion into the nose,
transfusion if danger from exhaustion is imminent.

Erysipelas — Phlegmon —

Acid boric as lotion.

Do. carbolic § dr., alcohol ^ dr., and
water 2 ozs. hypodermically
around the inflamed surface.

Do. carbolic and oleic acid ( 1 to 10)
as an application round the in-
flamed surface or as inunction
to relieve pain.

Po. picric locally 6 in 1,000 solu-
tion.

Do. salicylic 1, with oxide of zinc 10
and starch 25 locally.

Do. salicylic as lard with ointment or
dissolved in collodion as paint.

Po. sulphurous with glycerin,
locally.

Adeps preparata.

Alcohol as stimulant,

Alumnol.

Ammonium carbonate internally if
feeble circulation, cyanosis, deli-
rium or threatening embolismjuse-
ful in collapse.

Antifebrin or antipyrin when there
is high fever.

Antiphlogistine.

Argenti oleate locally.

Argentum colloidale.

Bismuth oleate or the ointment to
allay itching and burning pain.

Calomel with jalap in the onset.

Calx chlprinata.

ERYTHEMA MULTIFORMI AND E. NODOSUM.

485

Carbolized cotton wool.

Chloral hydrate as an adjunct to
procure sleep.

Clay, yellow, free from sand or grit is
a good application.

Collodion— a thick coating relieves
the affection if superficial.

Cotton wool with flour or starch and
zinc oxide is a useful application.

Creolin 10 with iodoform 4 and lano-
lin 10 — a nice application.

Creosote, pulvis creosoti et amyli 10
ms. in 1 oz. as a dusting powder.

Egg plaster ( lep ).

Europhen locally.

Ferric salts as bromide, chloride
tincture 30 ms. internally is near-
est to a specific. It is also used
locally as a paint over the surface
with success.

Ferric sulphate lotion.

Ichthyol with collodion (1 in 5) as a
paint ; or ichthyol 5 with ether 5
and collodion 10 mixed with castor
oil is a good local application.

Iodine solution as a paint round the
margin and over the affected sur-
face to prevent spreading.

Kieselguhr locally.

Lactophenin internally.

Lead carbonate or nitrate with
glycerin locally.

Do. salts as acetate liquor and

Lycopodium clay locally.

Mercury bichloride (1 in 1,000) as
solution or as ointment 1 to 8 of
vaseline is a very useful applica-
tion.

Naphthol ointment locally.

Oil as inunction, applied locally.

Potassium iodide where quinine and
iron have failed; also to keep the
skin, bowels and kidneys free.

Salol internally.

Scarification.

Silver nitrate in traumatic cases 20
grs. to 1 oz. is very useful as a
paint to subdue external inflamma-
tion after careful washing and
drying.

Sodium salts as bisulphite, salicy-
late, benzoate, silicate, sulpho car-
bolate, used locally.

Starch powder locally.

Streptococcus antitoxin serum for
injection.

Talc powder.

Tartar emetic gr. -j— very service-
able.

Thermodin.

Thiol, dry, as a dusting powder, very
useful.

Vinolia ointment.

White lead paint locally.

Triphenin.

Zinci oxide or benzoate as ointment,
to exclude the air.

and alcohol
cadmium

^ and

opium locally.

Formula. — Iodized collodion — containing pyroxilini 1 to ether
40 each. To this add aluminio iodide 1, cadmium iodide
bromide Mix, as a paint locally.

External remedies. — Hot fomentations, ice if of limited area, incision if the
limb is swollen.

Erythema Multiformi and E. Nodosum—

Acids, if due to indigestion.

Acid boracic, benzoic, or nitromu-
riatic ; if digestion is imperfect,
picric acid 6 to 1,000 solution as
an application.

Adeps lanae.

Albumen, white of egg — local cover-
ing.

Alum lotion as a wash.

Antjpvrin internally to allay itching.

Bismuth subcarbonate as a dusting
powder allays itching, soothes pain
and promotes healing. Very useful
in erythema about the genitals in
children.

Cold cream locally.

Cupri sulphatis as lotion.

Emol locally as a dusting powder.

Ferri sulphate with magnesia sul-
phate and dilute sulphuric acid.

486

ESOPHAGEAL AFFECTIONS.

Hydrargyri oxidum rubrum — Oint-
ment with unguentum picis liquida.

Ichthyol.

Kaolin — lotion or ointment.

Kiselguhr as a dusting powder.

Lycopodium, starch, buck wheat,
&c., as lotion or dusting powder.

Menthol locally.

Plumbi oleas io per cent., 2 to 4
drs. in 1 oz. of cosminol locally.

Spirit rectificatus locally.

Tannoform locally.

Tar ointment with hydrargyrum
oxidum rubrum.

Thiol, dry, as a dusting powder.
Vaseline.

Zinc oleate 10 per cent., 2 to 4 drs.
of cosminol.

Do. salts as oxide with lycopodium
locally — lotion or ointment.
Do. sulphate with alum and glyce-
rin as lotion.

Do. acetate used as ointment.

Esophageal Affections —

Anaesthetics, as chloroform, &c.,
locally, to meet temporary indi-
cations.

Dilatation by bougies in cases of
stricture.

Feeding through the stomach tube.

Exhaustion, nervous and bodily—

Acetanilid, 3 to 5 grs., put into the
mouth, mixed with saliva and swal-
lowed, relieves tired feeling.

Acid hypophosphorous.

Alcohol, safe remedy in all conditions
of fatigue.

Ammonia internally.

Arsenic.

Bromo haemol.

Calcium phosphate, calcium carbon-
ate and ferric phosphate, each
1 gr.

Coca.

Cupro haemol.

Iron valerianate.

Kola.

Leeches to the sternum to relieve-
pain or spasm.

Nutrient rectal enemata in stricture
of the esophagus if swallowing is,
impossible.

Musk to relieve nervous exhaus-
tion.

Phosphorus to relieve exhaustion or
depression from overwork either
of body or mind.

Potassium bromide to relieve irri-
tability, to procure
sleep, and to avoid bad
dreams.

Do. cantharidate subcutane-
ously.

Sea-bathing.

Sodium glycerophosphate internally..
Do. hypophosphite internally.

Spermine.

Spirit ammoniae aromaticus.

Exostosis, Periosteal Syphilitic Nodesand Periosteal Non-syphiliticThickening.

Ammonium iodide in syphilitic peri-
ostitis.

Excision, if necessary.

Incision, free and deep, in periostitis,
to relieve the tension or tendency
to suppuration.

Iodine with mercury ointment for
friction over nodes.

Mercury, internally if due to blows,
or syphilitic.

Mercury ointment with pot. iodid
as friction.

Do. oleate with morphine ex-
ternally.

Potassium iodide to promote absorp-
tion, internally or locally as oint-
ment.

Poultices if suppuration takes place..

Stimulants.

Tonics.

EYE DISEASES.

487

Eye Diseases —

Acetanilid in optic neuritis. It re-
lieves the pain and arrests inflam-
matory process.

Acid boracic solution (1 in 120) in
conjunctivitis.

Do. carbolic 1 per cent, solution,
for warts about the eyelids.

Alum with milk (alum curd) locally.

Amyl nitrite, in amblyopia as in-
halation.

Argenti nitras, locally in corneal ul-
cers, conjunctivitis, and tinea tarsi.

Arsenic in strumous ophthalmia, in-
ternally and in drops.

Calomel insufflation in corneal
ulcers and internally.

Carbonate of lead (1 to 4) in blepha-
ritis.

Chloroform vapour applied close to
a photophobic eye.

Copper salts as nitrate, sulphate, &c.,
a weak solution for conjunctivitis.

Croton chloral externally in photo-
phobia.

Ephedrine hydrochlorate.

Emmenagogues in photophobia if
due to menstrual disorders.

Ferri iodid, dyalised iron and other

Guaiacum. In rheumatic cases (ito4).

Iodoform with unguentum petrolei
to the lids.

Mercury oleate with morphine lo-
cally. In syphilitic iritis, palpebral
conjunctivitis and stye applied
outside the eye.

Mercury bichloride solution in puru-
lent ophthalmia.

Mydrine.

Nitroglycerin very useful in defec-
tive vision.

Phosphorus to disperse corneal
spots, to relieve amblyopia.

Potas. iodid if due to syphilis.

Protargol.

Rubidium iodide in syphilis.

Salicylic acid, internally in iritis
with rheumatic tendency.

Sodii benzoas 20 per cent, solution
in purulent ophthalmia,
biboras with sodii carbonas
solution (1 in 50) as collyria
in cases of granular lids,
chloridum (1 in 40) solution
as wash.

Sozoiodol salts.

Zinc salts, weak solution for con-
junctivitis.

Do.

Do.

iron preparations in amaurosis.

External remedies. — Bandage or compress to the eyes, blisters to the
temple behind the ear or to the nape of the neck, electricity, leeches to the
temples or behind the ears, setons to the nape of the neck.

Formula. — Sodii biboras with sodii carbonas solution (1 in 50) ; cadmium
sulphate 2 grs. to 1 oz ; alum (1 in 75) ; tannin, borax or acetate of lead (1
in 250) ; zinc sulphate alone (1 in 25) or with morphine and atropine solution,
used as collyria.

Stimulant application as drops or solution. — Zinc sulphate, cupri sulphate,
argenti nitras, vinurn opii, &c.

EscharoUcs locally , as nitrate of silver, sulphate of copper, alum.

Antiseptic ointment. — Ungt. hydrargyri nitrates, 3 grs. ; hydrargyri oxidi
rubri, 3 grs. ; acidi arseniosi, gr. ; oleum amygdalis, 10 ms., with vaseline 1 dr.

Counter-irritants . — Liquor ammonia (to rub to the temple), tincture of iodine,
tincture of capsicum, blisters.

Eyelids—

Ammonium chloride in solution as Citron ointment as an application,
lotion for black eye. Mercury and morphine 20 per cent.

Cadmium sulphate 2 grs. to 1 oz. with lard for application outside
of water as lotion or collyrium. the lids for stye.

Calomel locally. Zinc sulphate as drops or lotion.

FAVUS.

488

Favus—

Acids as boric — carbolic, salicylic,
or sulphurous as parasiticide, to
relieve itching-.

Cod-liver oil.

Copper oleate.

Gaduol.

Fever-

Acid.

,, carbolic as antiseptic.

,, hydrochloric dilute given in

simple continued fever and in
typhoid fever to relieve dry-
ness of the mouth and fau-
ces, to promote appetite and
check diarrhoea, as in exan-
themata.

,, nitric dilute during convales-

cence.

,, phosphoric dilute as a cooling

drink.

,, picric 1 per cent, solution in

ague. Dose — § dr.

,, salicylic as an antipyretic,

useful in hyperpyrexia of
intermittent, in septicaemia,
pyaemia, rheumatism and
surgical fevers.

Alcohol during adynamic stage and
in low conditions.

Alkalies. To increase urinary solids*

Ammonia and its salts during the
adynamic stage.

Ammonii picras, £ to £ gr.

Ammonium acetate as a diaphoretic
in catarrhal fever.

„ benzoate 15 grs. for scar-
let fever.

„ carbonate — in the ty-
phoid stage, in scarlet
fever and in measles.

,, picrate. Dose — 3- to f- gr.
during intermittent or
malarial fever.

Antimonii oxidum and sulphura-
tum.

Antipyretics as acetanilid, antipyrin,
chinolin, kairin, phenacetin, thal-
lin,&c., are used as antipyretics and

Liquor carbonis detergens.

Mercury oleate as parasiticide.

,, bichloride 2 grs. to 1 oz. as
lotion.

Myrtol as parasiticide.

Naphthalin.

Oils to rub to get rid of scabs.

diaphoretics, to reduce the tem-
perature and moderate the inten-
sity of fever and are best used in
persistent hyperexia, especially in
pneumonia, typhoid, and other
fevers.

Arsenic. In febricula, malarial, in-
termittent and in typho-malarial
fevers and in prostrating acute
fevers it invigorates the patient.

Baths — warm bath.

Benzanilide, 3 to 10 grs.

Bitters with acid drinks to quench
thirst.

Bromides excellent for febrile disturb-
ances in children.

Bromopyrin.

Calomel and jalap to relieve hepatic
congestion given at the commence-
ment.

Carbolate of iodine. In typhoid
fever and in chronic malarial fever.

Chloral hydrate. In delirium, wake-
fulness and to reduce temperature.

Chloroform with whisky during ague.
,, with spirit before chill

or by inhalation.

Cacodylate of sodium. In chronic
cases.

Eucalypti folia, infusion in remittent
fever and later stages of ty-
phoid.

Guaiacol internally and locally as in-
unction 1 to 8 of olive oil.

Hot bath, hydrargyrum cum creta
with rhubarb and quinine in
children.

Hydrargyrum cum creta with rhu-
barb and quinine in fever' in
children.

Iodine tincture in drop doses.

FISTULA AND SINUSES.

489

Kairin an efficient antipyretic, but a
cardiac depressant and powerful
diaphoretic. It is dangerous in pneu-
monia and in fevers with weak heart.
It also causes gastric disorders.
Milk.

Musk, given in collapse.

Phenacetin as an antipyretic is effi-
cient and safe in simple continued
fever.

Potassium bitartrate and sodium tar-
trate. Purgatives before exhaus-
tion sets in.

Refrigerant drinks.

Resorcin in 3 to 8 gr. doses as an
antipyretic and antiseptic. Given
in acute rheumatism, typhoid fever,
pneumonia and erysipelas ; may
be used hypodermically as it is
non-irritant.

Salicin in rheumatic fevers with high
temperature.

Salol 5 to 15 grs. to bring down the
temperature.

Sodium salicylate, in hyperpyrexia,
in septic pyaemic fevers and in
intermittents.

Spiritus etheris.

,, ,, nitrosi.

,, vin. gallici.

Sulphonal, if there is delirium or
restlessness 10 to 20 grs.

Sulphate of magnesium as a purga-
tive in the early stage.

Tartar emetic ^ gr. with opium as a
diaphoretic, given in acute fevers,
ague, delirium and to abort specific
fevers.

Thermifugin, to reduce the tempera-
ture and to reduce the pulse rate.

External remedies. — Baths (hot and cold), blisters if comatose, cold applica-
tion, packing, effusions in acute fevers and during retrocession of a rash in
exanthema, fomentations, hot and cold compresses, ice pack, moist inhalations,
refrigerant drinks, sponging, warm sponging, wet sheet packing, sea voyage
in low fever when very obstinate.

Diet. — Milk, gruel ; bland, unstimulating and liquid food.

Fistula and Sinuses —

Acid chromic locally.

Bismuth oxyiodide after operation
as a dusting powder on indolent
ulcers to stimulate granulations.
Chlorine water.

Glycozone as an enema (1 in 8 drs.

of luke warm water) in anal fistula.
Iodine injection.

Iodoform as a dusting powder.

Diet. — Nourishing, digestible.

Operations — excision of the sphincter
by knife or ligature in anal fistula ;
dilatation of the canal by probang
or slitting open of the canaliculus
in lachrymal fistula or sutures as
in vesico-vaginal and recto-vaginal
fistula.

Turpentine oil for injection.

Flatulence-

Abstention from sugar, starchy food
and tea.

Acid, carbolic, as a sedative checks
flatulence.

„ phosphoric dilute — a nice

remedy to alleviate flatu-
lence.

„ sulphurous if flatulence is due
to fermentation 5 to 10 ms.

Alkalies before meals.

Ammon carbonas, 3 to 5 grs.

Amyl valerianate.

62

Avoid sugar, starchy food and tea.

Bidlavana.

Calcium saccharata, 8 to 20 grs. as
an antacid.

Carlsbad waters to relieve hepatic
congestion.

Carminatives to promote expulsion-
of gas from the stomach and intes-
tines— anise oil, ether, &c.

Charcoal 5 to 10 grs. mixed with
bismuth before and after meals
gives relief.

490

FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS.

Chloroform in drop doses gives relief
in flatulent dyspepsia.

Creosote.

Ether in nervous hypochondriacal
form.

Hot water between meals.

Ingluvin or pepsin after meals to
promote digestion.

Lavana tratyadi churan.

Mercury if sluggish liver and clay-
coloured stools.

Potassium permanganate in flatulence
due to obesity.

Sodium carbonate.

„ chloride.

,, hyposulphite, used in sarcinse?
ventriculi.

„ sulpho carbolate 30 grs. after
meals.

Sonchal.

Spiritus ether is nitrosi.

Strontium bromide and strontium-
lactas in flatulence due to decom-
position.

Diet . — Avoid sugar, starch, tea ; also alcoholic drinks. Vegetables — as

cabbages, dodiii , kdkri — are interdicted,
should be regular.

Fractures and Dislocations —

Acid carbolic (1 in 40) as a lotion for
irrigation in compound fracture to
avoid pyaemia.

Anaesthetics — chloroform, &c. — to re-
lax the contracted muscles.
Antiseptic dressings and gauze.

Calcii glycerino-phosphas, 3 to 10
grs. internally promotes formation
of callus or phosphorus in the
organism.

Fixation apparatuses — perfect rest.

F reckles— Sunburn-

Acid.

,, citric lotion with ferri sulphas
and camphor.

,, hydrochloric dilute locally.
Alkaline lotion.

Ammonium chloride lotion ( 1 in 12).
Borax as a saturated solution used as
a lotion to remove freckles.

Iodine tincture alone or with glycerin
applied locally.

Lime water with liquor ammonise and
olive oil as a liniment to remove
freckles.

Eat slowly and little ; hours for food

Iodine as an antiseptic internally and
locally as a friction in cases of
disunited fractures.

lodoformogen.

Lead liquor and opium as a lotion
on lint to the part to relieve the
pain after reduction.

Mercury bichloride (1 in 500) as lotion.

Phosphate of calcium, internally,
quickens union.

Liquor potassse r to 16 of rose water
as a lotion.

Mercury bichloride (1 gr.)with alcohol
and glycerin (1 oz. each) is used
locally as a lotion.

Potassium carbonate as a lotion for
freckles, sunburn and dark spots.

Resorcin with zinc oxide as paste
applied to the face to remove
freckles and other spots.

Gangrene— Gangrenous Wounds— Hospital Gangrene— Senile Gangrene-
Gangrene from Embolism —

Acetum locally. gangrenous ulcers.

Acid carbolic as a local caustic or Acid chromic, useful as an escharotie
dressing to promote healthy action penetrates deeply, but does, not
for ulcers ; the solution (1 in 100) as cause much pain*
otion in senile gangrene and in

GASTRIC DILATATION — DISTENDED STOMACH.

491

Acid lactic with butter-milk, as a
wash.

,, nitric, best escharotic, very
useful to destroy gangrenous
tissue, better than bromine.
Should be applied carefully un-
til the ulcer is converted into a
dry mass.

,, salicylic applied locally to de-
stroy foetor and improve the
morbid action.

Alum and acetate of lead as lotion.

Ammonium chloride in solution as
baths and fomentations
in senile and other gan-
grene.

,, carbonate internally.

Boroglyceride soap.

Bromine alone as an escharotic for
hospital gangrene, with potassium
bromide as a lotion.

Camphor powder locally.

Charcoal poultices very useful.

Chlorine water. To destroy foetor.

Creolin.

Creosote.

Eucalyptol camphor. To lessen the
foetor in gangrene of the lungs.

Helenin antiseptic (1 in i,ooo), to
arrest putrefaction.

Hydrargyri nitratis liquor, as lotion.

Iron salts, as the perchloride tincture,
with quinine and chlorate of potash
internally ; persulphate as lotion.

Lime juice and chlorine water as
disinfectant.

Nitro-glycerin. For thrombosis.

Oxygen gas gaseous bath in senile
gangrene.

Potassium salts, as the permanganate
and the iodide, if syphilis be present.

Resorcin as an antiseptic and
antipyretic.

Saccharum as dusting powder.

Sanitas oil.

Sodium sulphate solution (1 to 10) of
water used as a lotion to destroy
foetor, to relieve pain, and to restore
healthy action.

Zinc chloride, locally or as lotion.

External remedies. — In chronic cases. — Acid tannic ointment, alcohol and
water as injection (1 to 2), argenti nitras as ointment locally, bismuth 1,
glycerin 1, and water 6, as injection, blisters to the perineum of great benefit,
calomel ointment, catheterism, counter-irritation, copper sulphate solution as
injection, copper acetate with lead acetate as injection, fresh air, glycerin,
tannin and olive oil as injection, iron persulphate solution (1 in 12) as injection,
iron perchloride 30 ms., tr. opium 60 ms. and water 500 ms. as injection,
mercury bichloride (1 in 500) as injection.

Gastric Dilatation— Distended Stomach-

Absorbents.

Acid, carbolic, internally, to allay
fermentation and as a wash for
the stomach by stomach pump.

Alkalies.

Aperients.

Bismuth salicylate as an antiseptic
given internally.

,, subnitrate with lime water
or magnesia or soda to relieve
acidity.

Calcium lactophosphate.

Charcoal internally.

Chloroform spirit as sedative.

Diet. — Avoid starch,
stale bread

Creosote.

Emetics.

Enema nutrient.

Faradization of gastric walls.
Lavage.

Lime water to avoid acidity.
Massage.

Menthol.

Resorcin.

Saccharine.

Salophen. To relieve fermentation.
Sodium phosphate.

Strontium bromide.

Sulphur. To relieve fermentation.

kind, milk. Use dry food,

sugar, vegetables of any
under-done meat, &c.

492

GASTRITIS, ACUTE.

Gastritis, Acute-

Antidotes and antagonists if gastritis
is due to irritant poisoning.

Bismuth subcarbonate or subnitrate
with opium given after the acute
symptoms have subsided.

Calomel in small doses internally.

Caffeine.

Demulcents.

Ice milk.

Lime water.

Mercury— calomel in small doses.
Sodium paracresotate, 2 to 10 grs.
internally.

Warm water internally.

Diet. — Milk and lime water ; nutrient enemata.

External remedies.— Bandaging, blisters, cupping, enemata nutrient through
the rectum, fomentation (hot water) to the epigastrium, ice to suck and locally
to the stomach, leeches, stomach pump with care.

• Gastritis Chronic — Gastric Catarrh — Chronic Dyspepsia-

Acid hydrochloric dilute.

Alum. To lessen glairy mucous
vomiting.

Alkalies given before meals to in-
crease the production of the gas-
tric juice; after meals to neutralize
the acids of decomposition.

Ammonium chloride acts very favour-
ably.

Ammonol, 5 grs. as analgesic.

Arsenic. Internally 2 ms. of liquor
arsenicalis given before meals. To
check vomiting.

Bismuth salts, as the salicylate as an
internal antiseptic is useful in chro-
nic gastric catarrh ; subnitrate 10
grs. with arsenic 2 ms. given after
food as a sedative and astringent,
is useful in chronic gastric catarrh
of children ; ammonii citras in
catarrh of drunkards ; and phos-
ohate.

a.

Calcium salicylate.

Calomel.

Chloroform.

Creosote. Dose— 1 m.

Creolin.

Glycozone. In chronic gastric catarrh
due to alcoholism and to other
causes.

Hot water.

Ichthalbin. Internally.

Iron dyalised.

Lead acetate with morphine to re-
lieve gastric pain and pyrosis.

Mercury, yellow oxide, ^ gr., is
very useful.

Naphthaline with almond oil
internally.

Orexine tannate.

Papain.

Pepsin 5 grs. after a meal to assist
digestion.

Potassium.

,, bichromate | to ^ gr. with
kaolin.

Resorcin is very useful.

Rest in bed.

Saccharin.

Silver salts, as silver nitrate with
opium or belladonna is useful to
check pain and vomiting.

Sodium benzoate or bicarbonate 10
to 40 grs., or paracresotate 2 to
3 grs.

Strontium bromide is very beneficial.

Zinc oxide or sulphate.

Diet. — Milk diet. Koumiss, butter-milk, arrowroot, in small quantities, such
as could be digested in the small intestine. Avoid malt liquors, use mineral
waters to drain the portal svstem.

GASTRIC ULCER.

493

Gastric Ulcer-

Acid carbolic as a sedative.

Argenti nitras in solution with bella-
donna and caryophylli, to check
pain and relieve vomiting.

Arsenic, as liquor arsenicalis, is of
benefit to lessen pain and to
relieve vomiting, useful when other
remedies have failed.

Beef tea with pepsin and hydrochloric
acid to relieve indigestion.

Bismuth salts as oxyiodide, salicylate,
subgallate, subnitrate, to relieve
pain and vomiting.

Blood, defibrinated, for injection into
the rectum.

Brandy with opium if the stomach is
irritable.

Carlsbad salts before meals.

Cerii nitrate.

Charcoal prevents the formation of
acid products and thus relieves the
pain.

Chloroform i m. with water 150 ms.
A teaspoonful given internally every
hour gives relief even in obstinate
cases.

Creosote.

Eucalyptus globulus.

Ferri albuminate, 3 to 5 grs., is very
useful in ansemic cases.

,, et ammonii citras is very useful
to check vomiting.

Ferrous lactate with sodii bicarbonas
and acid tartaric if the stomach
is irritable.

Glycozone in drachm doses wit
water given on an empty stomach
is beneficial.

Hydrogen peroxide.

Iodoform, § gr. internally.

Lead acetate as sedative and
haemostatic : |gr. with opium is
useful to check vomiting of blood
and pain.

Lime water and milk.

Mercuric bichloride ^ gr. internally
as an antiseptic given before food
is very useful.

Methylene blue.

Milk diet. Skimmed milk with lime
water (2 to 1) succeeds admirably.

Monsel’s solution.

Nutrient enemata with opium if the
rectum is irritable, to give rest to
the stomach.

Pancreatine or pepsin facilitates
digestion and hence useful.

Peptonized milk gruel.

Potassii bichromas in pill with kaolin.
,, sulphis, 10 grs. for sarcinae
ventriculi.

Potassium iodide with cinchona and
potassium bicarbonate.

Resorcin as an analgesic checks
vomiting wonderfully.

Silver colloidal oxide is very efficient
— does not stain the skin.

Formula, — Resorcin, 1 per cent.; boric acid, 1 per cent.; soap and warm water,
100 as an enema. Sodii sulphas, sodium chloride, sodium borate, sodium
bicarbonate, 1 dr. to 1 pint. As a wash.

External reynedies. — Cold and hot compresses to the epigastrium, counter-
irritation, electricity, ice bag to the stomach to relieve pain and to check
bloody vomiting, leeches, massage, rest in bed.

Diet — Should be non-irritating, easily digestible, in small quantities — starchy
food, vegetables, rice, arrowroot, &c.

Glandular Affections— Lymphoma — Adenitis —

Acid carbolic 2 per cent, solution for
injection into the substance of the
gland is very useful.

Acid osmic iquor 1 per cent, solution
hypodermically for goitrous swell-
ings.

494

GLAUCOMA,

Antimony sulphide.

Arsenic bromide with aurum bromide
in solution is useful in enlarged
cervical glands.

Aurum salts are useful in enlarged
and indurated cervical glands.

Barium chloride and iodide.

Blisters to scrofulous glands.

Bole armenian.

,, rubra.

Bone marrow.

Cadmium chloride and oleate in
scrofula.

Calcium salts as calcium chloride,
dose 3 to io grs., is given in stru-
mous inflammation and suppuration ;
chlorinate, phosphate, sulphide, are
given with benefit in hard swollen
glands behind the angle of the lower
jaw.

Cod-liver oil.

Cupri sulphate.

Donovan’s solution.

Electrolysis, interrupted faradic cur-
rent to remove indurated gland
from the neck.

Extirpation of limited area.

Ferrus iodide syrup, internally, very
useful.

Friedrichshall water.

Hydrargyri iodidi rubri ointment
as an application in goitre and

enlarged spleen produces good
results.

Hydrargyrum cum creta £ gr. is use-
ful.

Iodides in simple hypertrophy. It is
useless if caseation or suppuration
has set in.

Iodine locally applied in simple hyper-
trophy and used as injection in
cystic and glandular growths in
the neck.

Iodoform in enlarged, scrofulous and
other glands.

Lead iodide is used as an ointment.

Mercury bichloride ^gr. is useful.

,, oleate with morphine in
obstinate tonsillitis and inflam-
mation of the lymphatic glands.

Morrhuol.

Organic extract.

Phosphorus and its preparations.

Plumbi iodide ointment in glandular
swellings.

Potassium iodide internally or as
ointment locally in scrofula, struma,
in glandular enlargement of
mammae, testicles and thyroid body.

Sambersing.

Soft soap.

Sulphides when applied abort or pro-
mote suppuration in glands.

Thyroidin.

Formula.— Resin 40, catechu 16, cupri sulph. 12, bole rubra 20, alum 34, soap
stone 32, butter q. s., to make ointment for swelled glands— fistula.

Bole armenian 2, nigella sativa 2,

paste for swelled glands.

Glaucoma—

Bromides.

Chloroform.

Drainage of eye by cat-gut or gold
wire is often successful.

Extract suprarenal.

Gleet—

Acetum, vinegar.

Acid nitric dilute as injection.

Do. salicylic as an antiseptic 1 in
500 for injection.

Airol 10 per cent, as an emulsion,
with glycerin locally.

juice of occymum basilicum q. s. to make

Ichthalbin.

Iridectomy, the only remedy for the
relief of glaucoma, always pallia-
tive, often curative.

Sclerotomy.

Betol as bougies 1 to 4.

Cantharides in drop doses when there
is pain and frequent desire to mic-
turate, in anaemic subjects.

Donovan’s solution, 10-m. doses, con-
trol discharge and acts as a cure.

GLOSSITIS

495

Eucalyptol very useful in chronic
urethral catarrh.

Gallobromol solution 2 to 4 per cent,
as injection.

Iodoform 5 grs. and eucalyptus oil
10 ms. with theobroma 35 grs. as
a bougie.

Iron perchloride tincture internally in
anaemic subjects.

Glossitis— Inflammation of the Tongue

Alum — dry powder used as a dusting
powder on the tongue.

Antiphlogistic regimen.

Bismuth subnitras 20 grs. with
glycerin 1 oz. and water 8 ozs. as
lotion is very useful in erythema of
the tongue.

Boracid acid and glycerin as gargles
very useful.

Chromic acid 10 per cent, painting in
chronic cases.

Glottis — CEdema of—

Alum 10 grs to 1 oz. of water as
inhalation or as a spray.

Emetics if the oedema is slight.

Ethyl iodide by inhalation is of great
benefit.

Inhalations of steam with benzoin or
conium of great benefit.

Gonorrhoea—

Abrak.

Aconite 1 m. in the early stage very
useful.

Albargin.

Alcohol to be avoided.

Alkalies — citrates and bicarbonates
with infusion of Triticum repens are
very useful to render the urine
alkaline.

Aluminium boro tannate in acute
form.

Antimony potassio tart., small
doses.

Bandharo.

Betal.

Bole rubra.

Bougies soluble of iodoform, eucalyp-
tus, and cocoa-butter.

Mercury bichloride (1 in 500) as an
urethral injection.

Potassium permanganate \ gr. to
1 oz. as injection.

Silver phosphate as injection.

Zinc sulpho carbolate 2 grs. to 1 oz, as
injection.

Gargles.

Incisions on the upper surface (d
relieve congestion.

Leeches in urgent cases beneath
jaw.

Papain.

Pot. chlorate.

Purgatives.

Tracheotomy in urgent cases.

Water (hot) by vapour.

Laryngeal tubation.

Potassium chlorate saturated solu-
tion— used as a spray.

Scarification of the affected part by
a laryngeal lancet.

Cantharis drop doses in the chronic
stage.

Cleanliness strictly to be observed.

Dextroform as antiseptic.

Ferric chloride tincture 10 to 20 ms.
after the acute stage when the
discharge is degenerating into
gleet.

Fossil encrinite.

Hot bath.

Hydrargyri nitratis liquid acid 1 m.
in 2 ozs. of water.

Hydrogen peroxide.

Iodine trichloride solution 1 per
cent.

Lithium carbonate in 5 gr. doses
given internally is very useful.

Naphthalol (1 to 4) as bougies,

Pakhan bhed.

496

GONORRHOEA.

Potassium acetate, bromide with bi-
carbonate internally ; citrate, iodide
in gonorrhoeal rheumatism ; carbo-
nate io grs. with flax seed tea or
alone about io grs. well diluted or
with bromide and infusion of triti-
cum if there is great pain ; chlorate,
nitrate, permanganate.

Rest in bed is essential, chiefly during
inflammation stage.

Salol 5 grs. internally.

Urinating with penis in hot water.
Vichy water freely.

Warm water baths. Hot water to
the penis during urination.

Zinc subgallas, i to 4 grs. internally.

Diet . — Milk diet.

Injections should be best avoided in the early stage ; should never be used
until the fifth week. Injections : — Sulphates of zinc, alum, copper or iron with
water (1 gr. to an ounce).

Acids as boric 100, iodine tincture 150,
glycerin 1,000, and water
1,000, useful in acute or chro"
nic form.

„ carbolic (1 in 60) solution with
tannic acid.

,, carbolic with acacia.

,, carbolic 4 with zinc sulphate 8,
alum 6, and water 2,500.

,, sulphurous (1 to 15) solu-
tion.

Argentamine solution (1 in 4,000),
more energetic than nitrate of
silver.

Alum exsiccata solution.

Alumnol (1 to 3 per cent.) solution.

Antipyrin 100, corrosive sublimate 1,
and water 10,000.

Argonin (4 per cent.) solution is less
irritant and less efficient than silver
nitrate.

Aristol \ dr. to 1 oz. of cocoanut
oil.

Bismuth oleate 5 ms. inserted on a
sound or with mucilage
used as an injection is of
benefit in chronic form.

,, oxyiodate 1 per cent, solu-
tion.

,, salts as nitrate 1 in 10 of
glycerin.

Cadmium sulphate 1 in 500 as an
astringent injection.

Chloral hydrate weak solution 1 to
4 grs. to 1 oz.

Copper sulphate with lead acetate
and morphia made in a solution
and used.

Corrosive sublimate J gr. to 8 ozs. of
water alone or with zinc chloride
1 gr. added to it, useful in subacute
or chronic forms.

Creoline 5 per cent, solution.

Feiropyrin 1 to 2 per cent, solution.

Gallobromol 1 to 2 per cent, solution.

Hydrargyri bin iodide 1 in 10,000 or
2,000 of cosminol as solution.

Ichthyol, sulpho ichthyolate of ammo-
nium 2 per cent, solution.

Iodoform 4, with carbolic acid 2, gly-
cerin 6, and water 50.

Iodoform 10 grs. with eucalyptus 30
grs. to 1 oz. of cosminol used*
only in the later stage.

Itrol, an aqueous solution, is very
beneficial. It soon decomposes.

Kaolin white clay with cosminol as
urethral injection is beneficial.

Largin | to 1 per cent, solution.

Lead acetate 3 grs. to 1 oz. with zinc
sulphate. A dilute solution em-
ployed at any stage.

Mercury oxycyanide 1 in 2,000 as
solution.

,, salicylate solution.

Port wine, Brandy water.

Potassium permanganate (1 in 1,000)
solution to wash out the bladder
or 1 to 2 per cent, solution as
injection with potassium chlorate^

Protargol 20 per cent, solution in
glycerin. Dose — 5 to 10 drops in-
stilled into the fossa navicularis
after the suspected coitus or 1 per
cent, solution will secure immunity
from infection.

GOUT.

497

Pyridine in solution.

Resorcin i per cent, solution.

Silver nitrate i to 5 grs. to 1 oz.

,, lactate (1 in 2,000) solution.
Sodium fluosilicate (1 in 600) solution.
,, salicylate (5 grs. to 1 oz.)
solution.

Sozoiodole sodium 2 per cent. solution.
Thalline sulphate 1 to 2 per cent,
solution or 10 to 20 grs. in 1 oz. of
cosmolin.

Zinc salts as chloride, a weak solu-
tion 1 gr. to 6 ozs. of rose
water.

,, permanganate 1 in 2,000 as solu-
tion.

,, subgallas 1 in 16.

,, sulpho-carbolate 1 per cent, solu-
tion.

,, sulphate or acetate in solution
1 gr. to 1 oz. useful after acute
inflammation has subsided.

Formula. — Creosote, 10 ms. ; hamamelis extract, 20 ms. ; hydrastis extract
20 ms. ; aquae rosae, 4 ozs. Mix. Injection.

2. Sulphate of zinc, 20 grs. ; acetate of lead, 20 grs. ; ammonium chloride,
15 grs. ; tincture opium, 2 drs. ; tincture catechu, 2 drs. ; water 6 ozs. Used
as injection after acute symptoms have subsided.

3. Mercury bichloride, £ gr. ; zinc sulpho-carbolate, 30 grs. ; acid boric,
200 grs. ; fluid hydrogen peroxide, 4 ozs. Used as injection.

4. Zinci sulphatis, 3 grs. ; acid carbolic, 2 grs. ; ext. hydrastis, 6 grs. ; ext.
belladonna, 6 grs. Mix for application as bougie in urethra.

Chandrodaya Rasa — Chandrodaya rasa — chandra the “ moon ” and oodaya
‘‘rising.” The natives believe that particular diseases, such as sunstroke, gonor-
rhoea, syphilis, jaundice, &c., are due to excessive heat in the blood. In these
cases their cure is effected by exposure to the cooling rays of the rising moon.
To prepare it, triturate para kajali, refined abraka, banga bhashma, silajit,
cardamoms, each one part ; add the juice of plantain leaf and make a pill mass.
Dose — 2 to 4 grs. As an alterative it is used in gonorrhoea, syphilis, jaundice,
leprosy, &c.

Chandra Prabha Gutika. — To prepare it, take kuchala, vekhand, moth,
kariatu, gulavel, devadaru, halad, ativish, daruhalad, pipalimul, chitrak, dhani
triphal&, chavak, v&vading, trikatu, sona mukhi dagadi bhashma, javakhar,
sajikh&r, panch lavana, each 1. To this add nishotar, dantimul, tamalap&tr-
dalchini, elchi, vanslochan, each 1 ; also loha bhashma and sakar, each 4 parts,
silajit 8, and gugal 16. Mix and make a pill mass. Dose — 5 to 10 grs.
given in gonorrhoea and rheumatism.

Prameh Baddha Rasa. — Prameh, paramo means gonorrhoea and baddha to

“ check.” This preparation is useful in curing or checking gonorrhoea. It
is prepared thus : — Take parakajali, loha bhashma, silajita, sona mukhi bhashma^
suntha, miri, pipali, triphala, ankola chhila, kotha (pulp), and halad each one
part ; triturate the whole in the juice of bhangra, and make a pill mass. Dose
— 5 to 10 grs. Used as a powerful diuretic in gonorrhoea and scanty high-
coloured urine.

Gout —

Acid arsenious. Alkalies. Lithium salts to relieve in-

„ muriatic dilute with cascarilla digestion.

and colchicum. Ammonium salicylate better than

,, sulphurous for fumigating bed sodium salt, as it acts quickly and
clothes. efficiently.

63

49»

GRANULATIONS, FUNGOUS FLESH.

Antipyrin. To relieve the pain, as pro-
phylactic against future attacks.

Avoid wines.

Baths, Turkish, in chronic cases.

Calcii hippuras, solvent of urates 5 to
20 grs.

Carbonated water should be freely
used .

Cathartics.

Cold water bandages.

Collodion, locally.

Diuretics and alkaline drinks.

Fel bovinum.

Gaduol.

Glycerino phosphate.

Hot moist flannel round the joints.

,, water drink.

Hunyadi Janos water.

Ichthalbin. Resolvent and altera-
tive internally.

Iodide of potassium.

Iodine painted round the joints in
chronic cases.

Iron iodide.

Lithium carbonate solution, 5 grs. to
1 oz. locally around gouty en-
largement.

Lithium bromide internally.

Lycetol with piperazine, a useful sol-
vent of uric acid.

Lysidin, a powerful solvent of uric
acid, excellent results in chronic
gout ; it relieves exacerbations.

Magnesia carbonas dissolved in ex-
cess of carbonic acid gas has great
repute.

Manganese with syrup of iodide of
iron in 10-m. doses is useful in
cachectic state.

Manna with vini colchici, potash tar-
taratis and senna internally.

Moschus moschifera in retrocedent
gout.

Oxygen is useful in cases of deficient
oxidation.

Phenocoll with piperazine is given to
relieve pain and fever.

Piperazine in 15-gr. doses in carbo-
nated water or piperazine salicy-
late as a solvent for uric acid ; it
relieves paroxysms in acute form,
reduces redness and swelling of the
joints, and promotes elimination of
urates and uric acid.

Piperidine bitartarate.

Potassse liquor.

,, salts as acetate, bromide,
iodide useful to alleviate nocturnal
pains ; permanganate and silicate.

Poultice, alkaline, linseed meal, with
sodium bicarbonate.

Rubefacients.

Salicylate, large doses, to keep down
diathesis.

Saliformin.

Sodium salts as salicylate in 10-gr.
doses given internally, also as a
lotion (1 in 40 on lint) in acute gout.

Strontium salicylate acts slowly.

Sulphur baths and waters benefit
greatly.

Sulphides as baths in chronic gout.

Sulphurated potassa.

Tetra ethyl ammonium hydroxide
solution internally.

Urea in large doses.

Water carbonated freely.

Diet . — Fresh vegetables, fish, eggs in moderation, meat lean without fat.
Broth, milk, tea, coffee diluted. Bread, biscuits, alcohol, beans and peas and
lentils should be taken in very small quantities. Fats, rich food, sauces, pickles,
gravies, rich meat, cheese, pastry, sugar, spices, liquors and strong alcoholic
drinks should be scrupulously avoided.

Granulations, Fungous Flesh —

Acid chromic.

Alumen exsiccatus.

Cadmium oleate.

Copper sulphate.

Potassium chlorate.
Resorcin.

Silver nitrate.

Zinc chloride.

SPONGY GUMS

499

Gums— Ulcerated Gums— Spongy Gums—

Acid boric io grs. to i oz. as a
mouth-wash.

,, carbolic as a mouth-wash (i in
150) of water in spongy and
diseased gums.

,, salicylic.

Alum exsiccated with glycerin or
honey locally in mercurial or scor-
butic ulcerated or spongy or ill-
conditioned gums, tending to re-
cede from the teeth.

Calcium chlorinata.

Ferric chloride locally to the gums.

Glycerin with tannin locally for
spongy and bleeding gums.

Iodine carbolate to avoid foetor.

„ tincture or iodine solution (1 in
500) is an excellent application to
the margin of the gums from re-
traction with loosening of the teeth.

Haematemesis—

Acid sulphuric dilute with gallic
acid.

Alum is useful in passive haemor-
rhage.

Antipyrin with cocaine internally.

Argenti oxidum.

Champagne.

Creosote.

Cupping, dry, to the trunk.

Enemata nutrient.

Ice to swallow and to apply exter-
nally.

H aematocele- Pelvic—

Bandage to the abdomen.

Bromides ; to quiet the action of the
ovaries if haemorrhage recurs at
different periods.

Cold lotions to the abdomen.

Ferrous iodide, as syrup 20 ms., is an
efficient remedy.

Haemostatics as acetate of lead with
opium.

Ice bags.

>, water as vaginal douche or in-
jection.

Iodides. Syrup ferri iodide 20 ms. ;
to quiet the action of the ovaries.

Potassium chlorate 2 grs. in children
in inflammation of the
gums in teething.

,, iodide in 10-gr. doses in
loose teeth, swollen gums
and in painful jaw from
inflammation of the peri-
osteum of the alveolar
processes.

,, permanganate.

Silver nitrate locally.

Sodium salicylate 15 grs. with bella-
donna tincture 15 ms. in inflamma-
tion of the gums with pain.

Zinc chloride, a saturated solution,
is an astringent tonic and is applied
by cotton locally to the margins.

Iron -salts as nitrate $ perchhride with
glycerin, good results in passive
haemorrhages ; pernitrate , 2 grs.,
very useful ; subsulphate (Monsel’s
solution) is of benefit.

Lead acetate 1 gr. with morphia
| gr. is useful in cases of gastric
ulcer.

Magnesii sulphas with alum and
syrupns papaveris.

Mineral acids.

Mustard poultice.

Rest (perfect) to the stomach.

Iodized cotton gau£e locally applied
to the cervix.

Iron and quinine as tonic while resolu-
tion of the extravasation is going on.

Leeches to be applied in the early
stage in peri uterine hematocele
inadmissible later on.

Mercury bichloride ^ gr. with ergot
and iron is useful.

Potassium iodide given with quinine
and opium acts as an absorbent.

Rest in bed.

Tonics.

Vaginal injections of hot water.

5oo

HEMATURIA,

Haematuria —

Acid acetic as an injection into the
bladder checks alarming
haemorrhage, also given in
cases of haemorrhage after
vaginal fistula and vesical
operation.

„ carbolic with morphia to check
vomiting.

», sulphuric dilute alone or with
gallic acid is very useful.

Alkaline baths.

Alum injection into the bladder (i in
500) or internally.

Ammonium chloride. Dose— -5 grs.

Haemoglobinuric Fever-

Antipyretics are dangerous.

Avoid getting chilled or wet or over-
fatigued.

Blister to stomach and liver.

Calomel and jalap are a favourite
remedy.

,, with opium stimulates bile
and is very useful.

Camphorated oil as enema.

Chloral hydrate and potassium bro-
mide as enema.

,, with jaborandi if coma or
uraemic convulsions set in.
Chloroform internally in 5-m. doses to
be followed by enemata of chloral.
Diet. — Milk till albumen from the urine

Ammonium benzoate 5 grs. in the
albuminuria and haematuria of
scarlatina.

Argenti nitras solution for injection
into the bladder.

Cantharides tincture 1 m.

Ferrous chloride tincture 20 ms. given
internally with good results.

Ice to the bladder or in the rectum
or to the perineum in hasmaturia,

Plumbi acetas.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi.

Tannoform.

Diaphoretics.

Diluents.

Fomentations to the loins if urine is
suppressed.

Hot bottles to the feet and in bed.

Iron perchloride during convales-
cence.

Mercurial purge.

Milk diet till albumen has disap-
peared from the urine.

Sodae bicarbonas. To stimulate bile.

Transfusion of blood if great anae-
mia.

Turpentine locally or internally.

disappears.

Haemoptysis— Bronchial Haemorrhage
Acid phosphoric and acidulated
drinks.

,, pyrogallic, in pill.

,, sulphuric dilute as an adjunct
to other treatment.

Alum 10 grs., with morphia | gr.
and sugar internally, useful in atonic
haemorrhages.

Ammonium chloride with muriatic
acid and decoction of hordei com-
posita.

Antimony pot. tart.

Antiphlogistics.

Antipyrin internally and locally ; solu-
tion or ointment to the chest.

Argenti oxidum,

Astringent inhalations, alum by
atomizer.

Bromides.

Chloral hydrate given as a vasomo-
tor dilator. It acts as a derivative
and sedative, to allay excitement.

Chlorodyne.

Chloroform liniment to the chest.

Ferric salts as subsulphatis liquor by
inhalation by atomizer. Ferric
Acetate added to water and sipped
is of benefit. Nitrate , persulphate
and perchloride as spray are bene-
ficial.

HAEMORRHAGE.

501

Hot water bag to cervical and upper Rest, perfect.

dorsal vertebrae. Sodium chloride, 1 dr., repeated till

Lead acetate with opium is very nausea is produced, stops haemor-
useful. rhage.

Purgative in the early stage.

External remedies . — Air inhalation, blister over the hepatic region, compress
to the chest, diet antiphlogistic, hot water bag to the chest, cold externally, rest
absolute.

H aemorrhage— Haemorrhagic Diathesis—

Haemorrhagic diseases include dysentery, ecchymosis, epistaxis, haemateme-

sis, haemoptysis, haemorrhage post-partem ,
metrorrhagia, purpura and wounds.

Acid acetic or vinegar diluted checks
haemorrhage from fleabites,
leechbites, piles, cuts, wounds.

,, sulphuric diluted acts as an in-
ternal haemostatic, chiefly useful in
uterine haemorrhage.

Alcohol is useful to check haemor-
rhage by elevating the arterial
tension.

Alum 10 grs., with diluted sulphuric
acid 10 ms., and sulphate of mag-
nesia 2 drs. in atonic haemorrhage.
Useful in uterine and traumatic
haemorrhages.

Antipyrin 4 per cent, solution is a
useful haemostatic and constringe
small vessels without causing any
clot, checks general oozing from a
bleeding surface.

Argenti nitras in bleeding from leech-
bites.

Astringents.

Bone marrow in endemic cases, if due
to anaemia.

Brandy — wine very useful, when heart
is enfeebled'^ by loss of blood, due
to wounds, when small vessels
open;

Carbolized styptic colloid.

Cauterization.

Charcoal.

Cold.

Copper sulphate in sticks, solution
or ointment to check haemorrhage

Iodine 20 grs., potassii iodidi 60 grs.
haemorrhages from internal cavities.

intestinal haemorrhage, menorrhagia,

from small vessels, or internally
| gr. with ferri sulphate 2 grs.

Creosote and alum in passive haemor-
rhage, nasal, pharyngeal or dental.

Ferrum redactum. Ferri acetate in
haemorrhage of the lungs and
kidneys.

Hot water checks locally by sponging
the bleeding surface.

Ice internally in haemoptysis or in
haematemesis.

Iodoform.

Iron perchloride tincture 1 or 2 drs.
acts as a styptic, or an
e x c e 1 le n t haemostatic.

,, sulphate with collodion is used
locally.

Lead acetate with morphia and ace-
tic acid.

Ligation.

Nutrient enemata in haematemesis.

Potassium bromide and succinate.

Pressure over the bleeding points.

Rest, perfect rest is essential.

Sodii chloridum solution.

Stypticin.

Styptics.

Transfusion if death is imminent.

Tortion.

Venesection, to check pulmonary
haemorrhage.

alcohol 2 ozs. Injection to subdue

502

HAEMORRHAGE, INTESTINAL.

Styptic Collodion . — Collodion ioo, acid carbolic io, tannin 5, benzoic acid 5.
Mix. Apply locally to check haemorrhages.

Plumbi acetatis 5 grs., digitalis pulveris 10 gt*s., opii pulveris 5 grs., confection
of rosae 15 grs. Make a pill mass. Dose— 3 grs.

Haemorrhage, intestinal, due to intestinal Ulcerations— Perforations—

Acid sulphuric is very useful.

Alum.

Bismuth oxyiodide.

Enema, styptic.

Ferric chloride.

Ice.

Iodine tincture 1 or 2 ms. internally
in passive form.

Iodoform.

Iron.

Lead acetate as an enema is of great
service.

Naphthalin.

Salol.

Silver nitrate.

Stypticin.

Haemorrhage, Puerperal— Haemorrhage

A gauze dipped in acetum, vinegar
and hot water, and used as intra
uterine medication, acts as antisep-
tic astringent, and sufficiently irri-
tating to produce contraction of
the uterus.

Alum and acid tannic solution is use-
ful in haemorrhage due to wounds
when small vessels remain open.

Amyl nitrite 5 grs. by inhalation acts
promptly in stopping haemorrhage.

Creosote. To swab the cavity.

Ether subcutaneously or by spray.

Ferri perchloridum (1 in 8) as injec-
tion, but should be used with
caution.

Post-partem—

Ferri sulphas solution used as a wash.

Iodoform gauze into the uterine
cavity.

Iron, Monsel's solution, as an injec-
tion 1 to 3 of water.

,, perchloride diluted used as a
swab.

Spiritus vini gallici, if much exhaus-
tion.

Stypticin.

Tampon by absorbent cotton in
haemorrhage due to abortion or
from placenta previa, but avoided
in haemorrhage after delivery.

External remedies . — Clots to be cleared, compression of the abdominal aorta*
curette if the placenta is retained, faradization, firm grasping or contracting of
the uterus through the abdominal parieties with a hand kept cold by immersion
in ice to prevent haemorrhage, firm pressure on the uterus, head lowered and
feet raised, hot enema, hot water injected into the uterus is very successful,'
ice over the pubes or within the uterus or rectum as a prophylactic, injections
intra uterine, introduction of hand into the vagina, mammary excitation — apply
child to the breast or cupping glasses, pug into the uterus, salt water luke-
warm \ per cent, as rectal injection, sinapism to the extremities, transfusion or
injection of milk instead of blood into veins in cases of collapse.

Haemorrhoids— Piles—

Acid^ carbolic 3 with 1 of olive oil, hy-
podermically injected into the
tumour or the solution 2 per
cent, with creolin 1 per cent,
used as a wash.

,, chromic locally.

Acid nitric strong as a caustic or
diluted as a lotion, followed
by free use of olive oil.

,* salicylic.

Alkaline mineral waters an excellent
remedy.

HEMIPLEGIA.

5°3

»

Alum, camphor and opium local appli- Iodoform 2 drs. with carbolic acid
cation. 4 drs., balsam peru and camphorat-

Alum powder passed into the rectum ed phenol 3 drs. Dose — 3 to 6 ms.,

or the ointment to painful bleeding hypodermically. Iodoform oint-

piles. ment as suppository.

Aluminis c. iodoform ointment. Lanolin.

Argenti nitrate. Mercury bichloride (1 in 1,000) lotion.

Bismuth subnitrate or the liquor in- ,, ointment.

jection. Petroleum ointment or petroleum

Calomel— ointment or as dusting soap when piles protrude.

powder. Plumbi acetas solution, locally.

Carlsbad salts. Potassium salts as tartrate , bromide ,

Creolin solution 1 per cent. chlorate.

Creosote ointment. Saline purgatives, epsom salts with

Ferri perchloridum tincture hypo- sulphuric acid .
dermically into the pile. Sulphides.

Dose — 20 ms. Sulphur 10 grs. internally with con-

subsulphate 1 gr. internally or fectio sennse 1 dr. is soothing in

solution or as a wash or as an the early stage.

ointment, basic ferric sulphate Thermocautery with care as it leaves
15 grs. to 1 dr., locally applied. behind fissures and ulcers,
sulphidum. Zinc sulphate with carbolic acid as

Glycerin internally. wash.

External remedies. — Ablution with petroleum soap ; anal rectal douche ;
bandage perineal ; excision for external piles ; ligature for internal haemorrhoids ;
forcible dilatation of the anal sphincter ; ice locally to bleeding piles or for
pain after operation ; incisions ; injection of cold water every morning ; injec-
tion of hot water ; ligature for internal piles ; leeches to swollen or irredu-
cible and painful piles ; poultices ; thermocautery is useful, but apt to leave
behind fissures and ulcers.

Diet. — Avoid stimulants, over-eating, undigestible food. Avoid soft seats.

Hemiplegia-

Bromides if there is organic lesion.

Calomel, if organic lesion exists.

Faradac electricity or static if hemi-
plegia be due to hysteria, applied
to the muscles opposite those con-
tracted.

Galvanism, constant current to the
brain or cord.

Iodides to promote absorption when
due to syphilis.

Hepatic Congestion. — Torpidity and functional derangements of the liver —
Acid nitric internally in chronic form Ammonium chloride 20 grs. is very

»»

Massage if hemiplegia or paralysis
be due to intracranial lesions lead-
ing to wasting, contracted muscles,
cold skin, ulcerations, &c.

Potassium bromide 20 grs. or iodide
8 grs. if due to epileptic affection.

Purgative saline.

Spermine.

will increase the flow of bile
if due to excessive use of mer-
cury.

,, nitro-muriatic is very useful.
Alkaline purgative waters, aerated,
are very beneficial.

passive con-

useful in
gestion.

,, iodide internally if due to

malaria.

,, phosphate.

Baths— nitro-muriatic acid baths.

504

HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS.

Calomel.

Carlsbad salts and other bitter
waters.

Chlorine water, 15 ms., is very useful
in chronic cases.

Cholagogues or mercurial purgatives,
useful in cases of excess or defici-
ency of bile.

Cream of tartar. In chronic cases.

Fel bovis.

Galvano puncture is useful if hydatids
are present.

Hydrargyri bromidum in chronic
cases.

,, iodidum rubrum oint-

ment.

Iodides are useful in waxy liver and
in chronic cases.

Iodine tincture locally in chronic
cases after malarial attack.

Iron picrate. Dose — r gr.

,, preparations are useful in
amyloid liver.

Lithium carbonate.

Mercury blue pill or calomel inter-
nally or as iodide (red) ointment
2 grs. to 1 oz. used in enlarged
liver from malaria or due to defici-
ency or excess of bile.

Ox gall.

Phosphorus has a specific action
and as an antagonist useful in
acute yellow atrophy.

Potassium salts as depurative are
useful in hepatic torpor ; as iodide
with taraxacum or iodide with
ferrous iodide given alternately in
waxy liver.

Resin-bearing purgatives.

Rochelle salt.

Sodii taurocholas.

Sodium phosphate, sodium chloride,
sodium bicarbonate is given as a
cholagogue to children in jaundice
and in hepatic calculi.

Sulphur and sulphurous mineral
waters are very serviceable.

Formula. — Podophylin, \ gr. ; capsici, % gr. ; pulv. rhei, 4 grs. Dose — 5 grs.

Diet. — Avoid starches or fats, also over-eating, alcohol in every shape should
be forbidden. Beef and mutton use sparingly. Fruits to be taken very
freely.

External remedies. — Cold water compress or belt round the abdomen ;
Friedrichshall water, massage ; Pullna waters, Turkish baths. Free exercise
to provoke perspiration.

Hepatic Cirrhosis— Hypertrophic Cirrhosis— Ascites, Hepatic Dropsy —

Acid, nitric, in long standing cases to
increase the flow of bile after mer-
cury.

Alkaline mineral waters given early.

Arsenic in small doses to improve
nutrition of the liver.

Aurum and arsenic bromide 3% grs.
also aurum and sodium chloride
grs. with sodium phosphate as
a hepatic alterative.

Bromides.

Carlsbad salts.

Diuretics are useful.

Diuretin if dropsy exists.

Ferri iodide.

Friedrichshall waters.

Gold and sodium chloride.

Iodides are useful, as potassium
iodide in the first stage.

Mercury, corrosive sublimate ^ gr.
given for a long time effects a
cure.

Milk diet treatment.

Purgatives are very beneficial.

Sodii tauro cholas.

Sodium phosphate has power to re-
tard the sclerosis, to arrest the
changes and to restore normal
function.

Tapping for the dropsy.

Urea.

Diet. — Milk ; easily digestible food. Avoid starches, fats and alcohol.

HEPATITIS AND HEPATIC ABSCESS.

505

Hepatitis and Hepatic Abscess-

Acid nitro-hydrochloric in chronic
cases tending- to abscess.

Alcohol to be avoided.

Alkalies with colchicum if the
patient affected is gouty.

Ammonium chloride in 2ogr. doses
is very beneficial, often preventive.

Antimomi potassi tartras with nitre
is of value in acute cases,
with opium or calomel given
early.

Calcii hydras locally.

Counter-irritation.

Diet — Should be low.

Iodine locally.

Potassium bitartrate and iodide in
chronic cases.

Saline purgatives increase watery
exudation from the mucous mem-
brane of the intestines; sodium
sulphate or magnesium sulphate is
useful in acute cases.

Sinapisms.

Sodium benzoas.

Spirit etheris nitrosi with potassium
citrate or other diuretics.

Sulphites are useful in chronic cases.
Drink, fermented, to be avoided.

External remedies , — Aspiration early when pus forms ; blisters ; blood-letting ;
counter-irritants ; hot clothes ; leeches over the liver or round the margin of the
anus in acute cases to unload the portal circulation ; poultices (hot) ; rest in bed.

Hernia —

Anaesthetics.

Blue pill and tartar emetic for irredu-
cible hernia.

Cold douche to the tumour with taxis
will reduce the gut.

Chloroform inhalation is of benefit to
assist reduction.

Cupping, dry, round the umbilicus.

Enema tabaci.

Enemata of ice water, chloral hy-
drate.

Ether and belladonna as spray or
irrigation.

Ice bag to the tumour is of use if no
strangulation of gut or omentum.

Inflation with air through long elastic
tube.

Herpes—

Acetanilid.

Alum 1 dr. to 1 o^. of water as solu-
tion if applied on lint on the glands
in herpes preputialis.

Ammoniated mercury ointment.

Arsenic.

Bismuth sebgallate or trisnitrate as
dusting powder.

Calomel as dusting powder or as oint-
ment (1 to 8) is very useful.

Collodion flexible with morphia as
a local application to exclude
air.

Inversion from the feet.

Potassium iodide for irreducible
hernia.

Refrigerant lotion.

Sternutatory or snuff, to cause sneez-
ing while patient lies on his shoul-
ders with legs and hips raised, is
successful after taxis has failed to
effect reduction.

Surgical operation, if necessary.

Thyroid extract to cause absorption
of accumulated fatty material in
the abdominal cavity should be
given for weeks.

Truss is useful in reducible hernia ;
cures the disease by pressure of
its block.

Copper sulphate ointment.

Ferri arsenias | gr. useful even in
obstinate cases.

Glycerin diluted is a good applica-
tion for herpes labialis.

Hydroxylamine hydrochloride, a solu-
tion of 2 grs. in 6 ozs. of spirit and
glycerin.

Hvdrarg. iodidum flavum.

Ichthalbin internally.

Ichthyol locally.

Iron arseniate.

Lanolin.

*4

HERPES, ZOSTER AND SHINGLES.

506

Lycopodium as a dusting powder.

Plumbi carbonas.

Potassium carbonate as lotion 1 gr->
to i oz. allays irritation, or as oint-
ment 20 grs. to 1 oz. applied over
the eruptions at night followed by a
wash of the lotion in the morning
is very useful.

Herpes, Zoster and Shingles—

Acid carbolic lotion.

,, picric lotion.

Alcohol menthol solution.

Baths.

Blisters if subsequent neuralgia.

Chloroform.

Collodion locally to exclude air.

Copper acetate.

Diet, nutritious, and in abundance.

Electricity to the affected intercostal
nerves.

Exercise out of doors.

Galvanism to the seat of eruption or
the affected intercostal nerves.

Hot fomentation is very useful to
disperse.

Hydrargyri ammoniata ungt. to
relieve pain and irritation.

Herpes Tonsurans — Tinea Tonsurans—

Acid carbolic 2, glycerin 3, and
water 3, locally.

,, sulphurous with glycerin.

Alkalies internally.

Arsenic iodide tg to gr.

Baths followed by shampooing and
friction.

Borax saturated solution or with gly-
cerin as paint.

Cleanliness.

Cod-liver oil locally.

Epilation if the affection is obstinate.

Iclithalbin as alterative tonic.

Iodine 1 with olive oil or oil of wood-
tar 4 is useful to prevent exten-
sion of the disease.

Isolation of brushes, clothes.

Lead subacetate solution or with
glycerin and water as lotion.

Mercury salts as bichloride, weak
solution with boracic acid or the

Thiol.

Vinolia.

Zinc iodide lotion (1 in 50).

,, sulphate as an astringent lotion
in herpes preputialis.

Mercury-hydrargyri ammoniata as
ointment to relieve the pain and irri-
tation.

Phosphorus.

Rest absolute.

Saline aperients.

Silver nitrate, strong solution, as a
paint on the erythematous patch as
soon as vesicles begin to form.

Spirit of wine.

Starch. Dusting powder.

Traumaticin.

Vaseline.

Zinc oleate.

,, oxide ointment.

,, phosphide ^ gr. with nux vomica
i gr. internally to control the
pain and abort.

Ringworm of the Scalp-

ointment 20 grs. to 1 oz. of lard ;
Donovan’s solution internally ; am-
monium chloride 1 per cent, as oint-
ment ; oleate 5 per cent, as paint ;
iodide 2 per cent, as ointment.

Naphthalin soap.

Naphthol ointment.

Oils to remove scales.

Potassium sulphocyanide with gly-
cerin 2 and water 25 as lotion.

Pyrogallol.

Sodium chloride and vaseline for
rubbing until the skin becomes
sore.

Sozoiodole mercury or potassium.

Sulphur i to 8 as ointment, with
almond oil as inunction.

Sulphurated potassa 4 drs. to 20 ozs.
of water as lotion.

Thyroidin as stimulant applica=
tion.

HICCOUGH.

507

Hiccough— Spasm of the Diaphragm-

Acid nitric dilute with tincture nux
vomica.

Amber, oil of.

Amyl nitrite inhalation.

Antispasmin.

Baths.

Belt round the epigastrium.

Castoreum.

Chloral hydrate.

Chloroform combined with morphia,
internally.

Deep inspiration by holding breath as
long as possible.

Electric brush to the epigastrium.

Ether 20 ms. internally or as spray
to the epigastrium is of benefit.

Fomentation, hot.

Ice internally.

Iodoform.

Massage.

Musk very useful.

Nitro-glycerin arrests the attack.
Peronin.

Potassium bromide.

Pressure over phrenic nerve, hyoid
bone or epigastrium.

Spiritus etheris, 20 ms., internally
with aromatic water.

Sugar and vinegar internally.
Sulphonal.

Violent mental impression.

Zinc valerianate f grs. and bella-
donna ^ gr.

Formula. — Chloral hydrate, 1 dr. ; potassii bromidi, dr. ; potassii bicar

bonatis, 1 dr. ; liquor morphias sulphatis,
Dose — 1 oz.

Hydrocele-

Acid, carbolic, 30 ms., pure, with water
or glycerin injected into sac,
followed by rest in bed and support
to the scrotum, but may cause
haemorrhage into the sac and
erosion of vessels.

Alcohol injection.

Ammonium chloride as lotion if scro-
tum is inflamed ; useful for children.

Electrolysis. Galvano-puncture with
two needles.

dr. ; peppermint water, 6 ozs. Mix.

Hydrargyri perchloride solution 1 gr.
to i oz. for injection.

Ichthyol.

Incision of the scrotum under antisep-
tic precautions.

Iodine 1 with water 2 for injection
into the sac after tapping.

Iron wire sutures to excite adhesive
inflammation.

Hydrocephalus— Acute Meningitis, tubercular —

Calomel.

Ice to the head.

Iodide of iron and cod-liver oil inter-
nally.

Iodine lotions or inunction of iodine
ointment to the scalp.

Iodoform with vaseline application to
the neck and head.

,, dissolved in collodion to the

scalp.

,, and calomel internally.

Hydrocephalus, chronic—

Cod-liver oil in scrofulous cases.
Diuretics.

Elixir of ferri quinine cum strychnia.

Leeches behind the ear or upon the
forehead.

Magnesium carbonate with rhubarb
as a purgative.

Mercury oleate as inunction or bi-
chloride -jq gr. to 2V g'r* internally.

Paracentasis after shaving the head.

Potassium bromide with potassium
iodide, very useful.

Tartar emetic ointment as counter-
irritant to the scalp also internally.

Ferrous iodide with cod-liver oil.

Glycerin with tincture iodine, lo-
cally applied.

5o8

HYDROPHOBIA.

Iodine lotion application to the head.
Mercury, calomel in small doses \ gr.
with mercurial ointment as inunc-
tion to the shaved head.

Potassium bromide.

Formula,— Potassii iodide, 2 drs,; ext,
4 drs. ; extract hyoscyami fluid, 4 drs.

External remedies , — Blisters, adhesiv«

Potassium iodide alone or with syrup
of tolu to arrest the progress and
to promote absorption.

Puncture through the fontanelles and
inject iodine and iodide of potas-
sium solution,

Scutellaria fluid, 2 ozs, j tinct. digitalis^
Mix. Dose — 20 ms.

; strips for compression of the head.

Hydrophobia-

Acid carbolic.

,, hydrochloric.

Amyl nitrite by inhalation.
Calomel fumigation.

Chloral hydrate as eneraata,
Chloroform by inhalation.
Iodine.

Mercury.

Nitro-glycerin.

Oxygen by inhalation.

Pepsin application to the wound.

Potassium bromide with chloral.

Silver nitrate cautery as neutralizer
of specific poison and to prevent
the wound from healing.

Sodii hyposulphts.

Wound cleaned and washed and
kept open by basilicon ointment
for 2 or 3 weeks.

External remedies. — Actual cautery of hot iron or caustic potash after
cleansing to the wound ; acupuncture ; bandage round the limb to prevent
absorption by the veins ; baths (vapour) ; free excision of bitten parts ; inocula-
tion of rabies toxin ; sucking the wound should be avoided ; transfusion of
blood.

Hydrothorax—

Blisters if effusion occurs.

Cupping, dry, over the chest gives
relief.

Diuretin.

Iodine tincture injection after tap-
ping.

Iron chloride tincture.

Mercury ofeate as inunction.
Thoracentesis if much distress.

Hypochondriasis— a milder form of Melancholia —

Alcohol with care.

Antinervin.

Arsenic with opium gives relief in old
people.

Auri et sodii chloridum ^ gr. in
depression, hypochondriasis ac-
companying cerebral anaemia or
vertigo and in hepatic, testicular
disease.

Dionin.

Electricity.

Fel bovinum.

Ferri hypophosphis.

Gymnastics*

Moschus moschifera.

Oxgall.

Paraldehyde, by the rectum.

Peronin with potassium bromide often
useful.

Rest.-

Sea bathing.

Spermin,

Sulphonal,

Turkish baths to relieve mental de*
pression.

Walks, long.

Zinci valerianas relieves flatulence.

HYSTERIA.

509

Hysteria—

Allyl tribromide.

Ammonia, aromatic spirit of — to re-
lieve acidity and eructations.

Ammoniated copper.

Ammonium salts as bromide relieves
the excited nervous system,
improves nutrition ; carbonate ;
valerianate of benefit.

Amyl nitrite.

,, valerianate.

Anaesthetics.

Antipyrin to relieve painful
affections.

Antispasmin.

Antispasmodics.

Arsenic to lessen fits and to improve
nutrition.

Auri bromide £ to £ gr.

,, et sodii chloridum.

Avoid alcohol excitement.

Bromalin.

Bromide salts of calcium,

,, of potassium to control

and prevent pa-
roxysm.

,, sodium if verging on

nymphomania.

,, strontium.

Bromipin.

Bromohaemolas haematinic and nerve
tonic.

Castoreum.

Cerebrinin.

Cerii valerianas.

Chloral amide.

,, hydrate.

Chloroform.

Cod-liver oil.

Creosote.

Ether aceticus.

,, Ihtiernally or as inhalation to
relieve flatulence and sudden
seizures.

Ethyl bromide.

Ferri bromidum, carbonas, perchloridi.

Ferro haemol.

Ferrum redactum.

Gaduol.

Hypophosphites.

Iron sulphate if anemia or uterine
obstructions exists.

,, valerianate.

Massage.

Musk to relieve anomalous and dis-
tressing symptoms.

Neurodin.

Orchitic extract*

Paraldehyde.

Phosphorus if paralysis supervene.

Spirit ammoniae foetidus for flatulent
colic.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi to relieve
spasm.

Sulphonal.

Trional.

Zinc iodide, oxide, sulphate, or valeri-
anate at the menstrual epoch
and climacteric.

External remedies . — Avoid the use of alcohol ; avoid excitement ; bath-
shower or cold bath to invigorate the body and to educate the will ; cold
douche ; cold water over the face ; compress over the ovary stops the fits ;
electricity to relieve aphonia ; paralysis and anaesthesia to educate nervous
control ; galvanism to the jaws; ice to the nape of the neck; occupation of
mind and body ; removal from influence of friends.

Headache (a)— Bilious-sick or Dyspeptic Headache —

Acetanilid in 4-gr. doses is effec- Ammonium bromide, in hysterical

tive.

Acid nitro-muriatic 10 ms., with
chloroform, strychnine and ginger
water before or during each meal
is an effectual remedy.

Ammonium acetate liquor in sick
headache.

and bilious variety.

,, chloride is a very effi-

cient remedy.

Antipyrin in 8-gr. doses — a valuable
remedy ; it leaves no unpleasant
after-effects. Should be given at!
the commencement of the attack,

5io

HEADACHE.

Argenti nitras with compound colo-
cynth pills in stomach headache.

Brisk saline purge of Epsom salts
very effective for frontal head-
ache.

Charcoal as a draught is effective in
headache due to gastric flatulence
and acidity.

Magnesia citras liquor.

Mercury as blue pill with rhubarb and
hyoscyamus if given in light-
coloured stools, stops headache.

External remedies. — Water — cold or
Patient confined in a dark room.

Formula. — Ammonium chloride, 45 grs.
acetas, £ gr. ; spt. ammon. aromat., 30 ms.

1 oz. Mix. Dose — 2 drs. In bilious headache.

( b ) Congestive — Nervous Headache — Hemicrania — Migraine —

Mercury bichloride X<L gr, in head-
ache with light-coloured diarrhoea.

Pepsine with animal charcoal.

Potassium bromide in large doses is
useful.

Salol is very effective.

Sodii magnesii sulphas.

Sodium phosphate is used as a laxa-
tive to cure bilious-sick headache*

Water purgative mineral waters.

hot affusion. Ice bag to the head.

caffeinae citras, 8 grs. ; morphine
elixir guarana, 1 oz. ; aquae rosae,

Acetanalid 4 grs. is of benefit in
headache due to fatigue.

Acid acetic as as lotion to the head.

,, hydrobromic.

,, nitro-hydrochloric in orbital pain.
,, phosphoric dilute 30 ms,

,, salicylic.

Alkalies.

Ammonia aromatic spirit. Dose — \
to 2 drs.

Ammonium salts as carbonate, 5 grs.,
in nervous headache.

„ as a diffusible stimulant,

exceptionally useful,
chloride 10 grs.

,, valerianate.

Amyl nitrite by inhalation in headache
with pallor of the face, or occur-
ring at the climacteric period.

Antipyrin or acetanilid, grs. 5, for
true migraine, very valu-
able, less so for the malarial
or the dyspeptic form, use-
ful in the uraemic form.

,, with caffeine and sodium
bromide.

Arsenic liquor 5 ms. if there is supra-
orbital pain in one brow. Like zinc,
it is a nerve tonic.

Bismuth valerianate.

Bismuth subcarbonate 2 grs. after each
meal if there is gastric disturbance.

Bitters.

Bromides are useful When the ner-
vous system is irritated as in true
migraine and in headache due to
uterine disorders.

Bromalin 10 grs. as a nerve sedative.

Butyl chloral hydrate 3 grs. with
gelsimin gr.

Calomel in small doses with ferri sul-
phate to relieve headache due to
syphilis.

Chloral amide as a hypnotic.

,, hydrate — enema.

Chloroform spirit 10 ms. internally.

Croton chloral. Dose — 15 grs. In
milder forms and if no vomiting.

Eau de cologne and camphor rubbed
on the head in uterine headache.

Ether spray where frontal headache
is due to fatigue or acute illness.

Euphorin 3 to 6 grs. as an analgesic.

Eucalyptus, in cases due to cerebral
anaemia.

Exalgin useful in migraine.

Fel bovinum.

Ferropyrine.

Friedrichshall waters.

Gold bromide in migraine.

Hydrocarbons.

Lithium bromide.

Magnesium salts as carbonate, citrate
and oxide.

HEADACHE.

Methylene blue.

Neurodin.

Nitrite of amyl inhalation.

Nitroglycerin.

Oxygen waters.

Paraldehyde \ to i dr. as a sedative.

Phenacetin in 2-gr. doses with caf-
feine citras is very useful.

Phosphorus as dilute phosphoric acid
\ dr. dose is very useful.

Potassium bromide 20 grs. to relieve
nervous irritation and
in the continuous or
paroxysmal form ; to be
avoided if nervous sys-
tem is exhausted.

,, cyanide locally in reflex

headaches as gastric,
pulmonary, menstrual,
&c.

,, iodide 10-gr. doses if

rheumatic with tenderness of the
scalp, unbearable pain, severe and
shooting from the back of the
neck to over the vertex and the
eye-brow.

Potassium nitrite.

Purgatives in persons of phlegmatic
habits or suffering from suppres-
sion of haemorrhoidal discharges.

Raspail’s ear sedative, locally useful
when due to uterine disorder.

Sambersing locally.

Seidlitz powder.

Silver nitrate, £ gr. dose, in stomach
headaches.

Sodium chloride if attended with gas-
tric disturbance is very use-
ful.

„ chloride with spirit camphor
and liquor ammonia (1 in
20).

,, salicylate in neuralgic head-
ache.

Strontium bromide.

Tea.

Zinc oxide, 2 grs., is of great value.

,, phosphide T'n gr. in pill is very
useful.

External temedies. — Acupuncture — needle run down to the cranium, avoid
sugar and starchy food, bandage (tight) over the forehead and wet pads over
the temporal arteries, baths — hot foot-bath, mustard foot-bath, leeches to the
temples or back of ears, bleeding or leeches to the temples, cold affusion over
the forehead, cupping to the nape of the neck, dark room, electricity, ether spray
for frontal headache after acute illness or fatigue, hot sponging, hot water
bag, hot bottles to the head and neck, ice bag to the head, poultices to the neck,
skull-cap, spectacles.

Formula . — Ferri sulphatis, 2 grs. ; magnesii sulphatis, 6 drs. ; acid sulphuric
aromatic, 20 ms. ; tinct. cardamomi comp., 30 ms. ; aquae menthas piper., 1 oz.
for one dose.

2. Ferric chloride tincture, 1 dr. ; hydrargyri bichloride, \ gr. ; arsenic chloride
liquor, 1 dr. ; acid hydrochloric dilute, 4 drs. ; aquas, 8 02s. Dose — 4 drs.

(e) — Rheumatic or Gouty Headache —

Acid nitro- muriatic with infusion of
calumba.

,, sulphuric aromatic.

Avoid meats.

Nitrogenous food to be freely used.

Potassii bicarbonatis.

,, chloratis.

Sodii phosphas.

Sodium salicylate 10 grs. in neuralgic
headache in gouty subjects.

Locally — chloroform liniment, belladonna liniment, opiate liniment, mustard
plaster.

5*2

HEARING.

Hearing— Hearing may become defective, or much more acute, or may be so>
disorganized as to make subjective nerves to produce hearing very unpleasant,,
as humming, buzzing or ringing.

Many medicinal drugs are reported to cause these defects.

Quinine taken in large doses causes ringing in the ears and even temporary
deafness. In some rare cases permanent injury to the faculty of hearing is
believed to have been produced. Antipyrin salicylate is supposed to produce
unpleasant noises. Strychnine and morphine make that faculty much more
acute. Hydrobromic acid, bromides and ergot prevent unpleasant noises.

Heart Affections—

Alcohol or brandy when the heart is
weak from fright or from loss of
blood.

Ammonium carbonate, to prevent
fibrination of blood.

Amyl nitrite in fatty heart to relieve
hearts pain ; in dilated heart to
relieve dyspnoea.

Arsenic in cardiac dyspnoea.

,, with iron and strychnia is
given for dyspnoea from weak
heart ; in cardiac hypertrophy to
relieve syncope ; in cardiac neu-
rosis accompanied by pain.

Barium chloride in cardiac failure.

Bromides of potassium and iodide
with digitalis in fluttering heart
with irregular beats, in hypertrophy,
dilation and in palpitation.

Chloral hydrate only useful in neurotic
heart in palpitation and in pseudo-
angina pectoris ; also in valvular
heart disease with potassium iodide.

Ether, 20 ms., a prompt stimulant
hypodermically in sudden heart
failure.

Erythrol tetra nitrate.

Haffman’s anodyne in i-dr. dose use-
ful in urgent cases.

Iron is given in anaemic disorders
with palpitation, in heart dilata-
tion and in fatty heart with mitral
regurgitation.

Nitro-glycerin tablets or solution
1 per cent, hypodermically in car-
diac failure.

Potassium iodide alone, or with digi-
talis, convallaria and chloral hy-
drate, an efficient remedy in car-
diac dyspnoea due to concompensa-

* tory, mitral or myocardial diseases
and in fatty or weak heart. It re-
stores energy and vascular tension
at first, then later on acts as a dilator
of the arterioles ; it nourishes the
heart, frees it from resistance, and
recovers its contractile power.
It dilates the coronary arteries and
thus nourishes the heart.

Sodii benzoas wfith caffeine inter-
nally or hypodermically.

Spiritus etheris compositus to relieve
sudden attacks of cardiac pain and
dyspnoea.

External remedies. — Avoid heavy meal, avoid undue sexual intercourse, baths
saline baths, blisters flying or repeated blisters over the heart are good in car-
diac dyspnoea and in very weak heart, chloroform inhalation in cardiac dyspncea,
cupping in cardiac dyspnoea due to dilated heart, ethyl iodide as inhalation,
exercise gentle and gradual in cardiac dilation due to overwork or worry, oxygen
inhalation in dyspnoea, rest in bed, sinapism to the cardiac region.

Heart, Dilated —

Diuretics if dropsy exists.

Mercury — Hydrargyrum Cum creta
1, with pulvis scilla v, and digitalis
leaves pulv. 1. Dose — 5 grs. Given
as a diuretic in cardiac dropsy.

Potassium salts, as the acetate,
nitrate, iodide, bitartrate.
Purgatives, brisk and free.

Spiritus etheris compositus to allay
dyspnoea.

HEART, FATTY.

T3

Heart, fatty—

Arsenic.

Avoid climbing hilly places.

Ccd-liver oil.

Heart, Hypertrophy of—

Amyl nitrite for syncope or dyspnoea.
Avoid violent exercise, excess of
venery or alcohol.

Bromides.

Exercise should be moderate.
Galvanism.

Gin.

Iodine tincture.

Iron chloride. The tincture is used
in small doses with benefit.

Stimulants to be freely given.

Iron if anaemia exists.

Lead acetate with opium and confec-
tion of roses in hypertrophy with
violent palpitations.

Potassium iodide in small doses.

Rest in bed.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi.

Diet . — Avoid fattening food, stimulants, and meat.

Heart, irritable, due to Over-excitement—

Habits to be avoided.

Hoffman’s anodyne.

Iron perchloride.

Heart, Palpitation of— nervous or

Acid hydrobromic dilute.

Ammonium carbonate.

,, valerianate.

Bromides in fluttering heart.
Chalybeate waters.

Fowler’s solution.

Ice to the cardiac region is of bene-
fit.

Rest, quiet life.

Zinc oxide.

functional-

iron if palpitation is due to anaemia,
to excess of tobacco, coffee, tea,
venery, dyspepsia, or violent exer-
cise.

Milk cure.

Sodium bromide with quinine.

Diet. — Milk diet.

Avoid mineral waters, mineral baths, venesection, cauterization, blistering-
tonics.

External remedies. — Cold application, electricity to the sympathetic and
pneumogastric and cervical nerves, hot foot-bath, pressure on the carotids and
the pneumogastric, rest in bed.

Heart, Valvular Disease of—

Arsenic with digitalis.

Barium chloride Tlg gr. as a diuretic, or
as a heart tonic. It lessens cardiac
pain, and increases tone of the
vessels.

Iron chloride tincture or iron acetate
is useful in cardiac dropsy.

Nitroglycerin internally and as solu-
tion hypodermically to relieve car-

External remedies. — Cupping in the early stage, ice bag to relieve local pain,
leeches in the early stage ; poultices. Avoid emotions ; give diuretics, purga-
tives, rest ; venesection in aortic disease.

65

diac pain, to lessen blood pressure
and diminish resistance the heart
has to overcome.

Purgatives in engorgement of the
right side of the heart.

Sodium salicylate.

Zinc sulphas 2 grs. in mitral disease.

5

HEAT STROKE.

Heat Stroke— Thermic Fever— Insolation — Sun-stroke—
Antipyretics to be avoided as they depress the heart.

Brandy with atropine, camphor or
ether hypodermically.

Bromides if there is restlessness and
insomnia.

Chloroform by inhalation with care
if convulsions occur.

Hot bottles to the feet.

Nitro-glycerin hypodermically.

Potassium bromide internally or by
enema.

,, iodide if persistent head*1
ache.

Sedatives if the pulse is strong and
full.

Stimulants, internally or by the rec-
tum if the pulse is feeble or frequent.

Tonics.

External remedies. — Ammonia internally or by inhalation held to the nostrils
or by the rectum or hypodermically ; artificial respiration when breathing be-
comes suspended ; avoid alcohol as cerebral symptoms suggest meningeal con-
gestion or inflammation, bleeding in venous congestion, blisters repeated to the
nape of the neck and scalp, bowels kept free, douche or affusion of cold'
water if there is unconsciousness, enemata of stimulants, externa! stimula-
tion in asphyxia as hot bottles to the feet, by injection hypodermically, nitro-
glycerin also pure, brandy, camphor or ether, free air, ' change of climate, hot
foot-bath, ice packed round the head, chest, abdomen, relieve unconsciousness,,
ice spray to the forehead, iced water dropped on the body, leeches if the reaction-

is high, loose clothes, oxygen inhalation,

Hectic Fever —

Antipyrin in 5-gr. doses just before
the paroxysm is useful in the hectic
of phthisis.

Calcium phosphate is very useful.

Ferri compound mixture useful in
anaemia.

Ferric chloride tincture abates fever
and diminishes sweats.

Ichthyosis —

Baths, warm baths, alkaline and
vapour baths.

Cod-liver oil as an inunction is very
prompt and beneficial.

Copper sulphate 10 grs. to 1 oz.
of lard and sumbuci ointment as
an application.

Inunction of oil to prevent Assuring
of the new skin.

Lanolin or soft soap as friction.

Inflammation, acute, chronic —

Acetanilid.

Acetum diluted locally as external
refrigerant.

Acid salicylic as an antipyretic in
septicaemia, acute rheumatism,
erysipelas and pneumonia.

packing wet sheet, rest, wet sheet.

Ferric sulphatis is of value.
Phenacetin is very efficient.

Phenacoll a good antipyretic, used
with great success.

Salicin as an antipyretic is useful to-
lessen sweats.

Oil, linseed, cod-liver oil, &e„, used
as inunction.

Sodium bicarbonate § dr. to 1 oz.
as ointment, or 2 drs. to 1 pt.
of water as a lotion.

Thyroid extract is used with benefit.

Zinc oxide with camphor and gly-
cerin as an application.

,, sulphate 1 dr. to 1 oz. of
lard as an ointment.

Alcohol as antipyretic and stimu-
lant in low states is very useful.

Alkalies, especially ammonium and
potassium salts, as carbonate,
chloride, tartrate, are useful
during the exudation stage.

INFLAMMATION, ACUTE AND CHRONIC. 515

Antimonii potassio tartras — powder
Ti_ gr. or wine 10 to 15 ms. in
•acute inflammation of the tonsils,
lungs, pleura, bronchi, &c. It also
arrests early local inflammation as
quinine is in malarial fever.

Antiphlogistine as an application.

Antipyrin — kairin and other antipy-
retics are useful.

Argent! nitras locally in inflamma-
tion of mucous surfaces.

Astringents as alum, iron, lead
acetate, & c. Locally a soothing
and astringent application in inflam-
mation of mucous membranes, in
erysipelas, eczema, inflammatory
diseases of the skin, & c.

Calcium sulphide is useful to
arrest suppuration or to hasten
maturation after formation of pus
and circumscribe inflammation, in
boils, abscesses, &c., it improves
the condition or promotes healing.

Calomel in the early stage.

Cathartics in inflammation of the
brain, lungs, liver, &c.

Chloral hydrate 5 to 10 grs. useful
in high temperature with delirium.

Chloralum, to diminish coagulabi-
lity of fibrin in the blood.

Cod-liver oil, in strumous cases.

Diaphoretics.

Diuretics.

Emetics.

Glycerin locally.

Preventives. — Antiphlogistics, cold
foreign body.

Diet. — Milk, eggs, fish, beef tea.

Guaiacol.

Hydropathic belts.

Iodine as antiphlogistic locally as
liniment in the vicinity of local
inflammation to produce vesica-
tion.

Lead acetate solution, locally.
Mercury oleate as inunction.
Mercury bichloride and other pre-
parations in acute glandular in-
flammation of throat and neck in
iritis, laryngitis, in inflammation
of serous membranes due to syphi-
lis.

Nitrous ether, strongsolution, as an
application checks inflammation
of superficial parts as boils,
orchitis, erysipelas, synovitis,
eczema, erythema, &c.
Phenacetin.

Potassium bromide.

,, iodide in chronic cases.
Purgatives. Salines to diminish
arterial tension.

Remove any source of irritation.
Resorcin.

Salicine.

Saline cathartics to diminish arte-
rial tension.

Silver nitrate strong solution (1 in
3) as a paint over and beyond
inflamed surface checks external
inflammations.

Sodium salycylate — very useful.
Unna’s paste locally.

application, rest, removal of irritation —
Avoid starch, fats.

External remedies. — Belts, hydropathic ; blisters in chronic cases; cleanli-
ness ; compression by bandage or adhesive plaster ; elevation of the affected
part ; enemata of soap suds and vinegar ; evaporating lotions of ether, of
solution of nitre, sal ammoniac and vinegar.

Fomentation. — Hot flannel ; application of heat and moisture ; flannel wrung
out of boiling water ; fomentation medicated (opium) ; hot water and flannel
poultices.

Heat.— Dry heat by heated flannel, hot sand, chamomile flowers, flat tile,
brick, bottles with hot water, hot salt In a bag in tendonous inflammation,
ice bags, issues, setons and massage.

5 1 6

INFLUENZA OR LA GRIPPE.

Leeches in external and internal inflammation as a derivative and
counter-irritant; puncture in oedematous inflammation ; scarification in ple-
thora ; water (cold or hot) as baths ; wet packing- ; dry cupping.

Rubbing and rubefacients.

Influenza or La Grippe— Autumn Catarrh— Rosa Cold — Hay Fever-

Acid boric as gargle and as ointment
to the nasal cavities.

,, carbolic as spray or gargle.

,, sulphurous, by inhalation or
fumigation, a few drops on boiling
water or as spray.

Ammonia antiseptic to keep mouth
and nose clean.

Ammonium salts as acetate liquor
with nitrous ether or chloric ether.
Bromide i in 20 as gargle or as
spray by an atomizer. Chloride
in lung complications. Carbonate
with capsicum, known as Gran-
ville’s snuff, to relieve nasal catarrh.
Salicylate or liquor ammonise fort.
1 dr. with acid salicylic drs., to
make8ozs. mixture. Dose — 4 drs.

Antifebrin 4 grs.

Antimony tart. 2V to jV gr., to abort
local inflammation of the respira-
tory apparatus, but is depressing,

Antinervin or a mixture of acetani-
lid 2, salicylic acid 1, ammonium
bromide j.

Antipyrin 10 grs.

Argenti nitras solution iogrs. to 1 oz.
locally to congested throat and
uvula.

Arsenic liquor 3 ms. with belladonna
3 ms. internally in the catarrhal
type, also as cigarettes.

Benzoyl napthol as intestinal anti-
septic.

Benzol vapour as pulmonary anti-
septic.

Betol as intestinal antiseptic.

Bismuth salicylate as intestinal
antiseptic.

Bromides.

Cantharides tincture in hay fever.

Cholagogues.

Counter-irritation if any complica-
tion arises.

Diaphoretics.

Diuretics.

Ether.

Euphrasin in catarrhal cases.

Ichthyol as spray.

Iodine with arsenic — internally very
useful.

Iodoform if intestinal troubles exist.

Mercury perchloride liquor (1 in
1,000) with zinc sulphate
solution (1 in 250) as
nasal spray.

,, peroxide with glycerin
as application to the nose.

Naphthol as intestinal antiseptic.

Orthoform as insufflation.

Peptonized milk.

Peronin.

Phenacetin as prophylactic and as a
remedy.

Phenocoll hydrochloride as a pro-
phylactic to relieve neuralgic
pain.

Potassium salts as arseniate liquor
or bicarbonate 30 grs. with
glycerin 20 ms. and liquor am-
monia acetatis 4 Ars. as a specific
prevents complication and also
prevents sequelae. The bromide or
chloral with morphia is used as
nasal spray. Iodide with liquor
potassii arsenitis is given inter-
nally. The nitrate papers for
smoking or internally diluted.

Removal to the sea coast or to a
mountainous district.

Rest.

Salipyrin internally.

Salol internally as intestinal anti-
septic, useful during the epi-
demic.

,, with phenacetin as a prophy-
lactic.

INSANITY. —DEMENTIA.

5!7

Sanitas oil.

Sodium salts as benzoate with
quinine and caffeine to relieve
depression. Chloride with quinine
and water as spray by an
atomizer. Salicylate 5 gTs. in
repeated doses to relieve pain.

Formula —

Somatose.

Spiritus aetheris nitrosi \ to 1 dr..

is very useful.

Suprarenal gland extract.

Warberg’s tincture.

Zinc phosphide. Dose— gr.

1. Lotion . — Quiniae hydrochloratis, 60 grs. ; acid carbolici, 20 ms.;
hydrargyri bichloridi, | to £ gr.; glycerin, 1 oz. Mix. For application to
the nasal mucous surface.

2. Snuff. — Camphor, 5 drs.; ether sulphuric, q. s. to dissolve; ammoniae
carbonatis, 4 drs. ; opii pulv., 1 dr.

3. Lotion . — Camphor, 16 grs. ; carbolic acid, 20 ms.; chloral hydrate, 16 grs.;
morphia, 12 grs. ; oleic acid, 8 grs.; castor oil, 1 oz. Application to the
nose.

External remedies. — Bath (cold baths), Turkish baths, hot sponging,
ice bags, steam medicated as inhalation.

Insanity— Dementia —

Absence from home.

Auri et sodii chloridum gr.

Chloral hydrate in wildly, maniacal
and erotic patients.

Dionine.

Hunyadi waters.

Hypnotics.

Koumiss excellent if dyspepsia or
anorexia exists.

Insomnia— Sleeplessness-

Acid hydrobromic dil.

Alcohol if due to cerebral anaemia.

Aldehyde if due to bronchial catarrh
or lobar pneumonia.

Allyl hydrobromate. Internally or
hypodermically.

Ammonium valerianate.

Amylene chloral.

,, hydrate.

Antimony potassio tart, with opium
in insomnia due to cerebral con-
gestion.

Butyl chloral hydrate if weak
heart.

Chloral.

Moral treatment is essential.
Paraldehyde.

Potassium bromide for epileptic-
form cases.

Removal to the asylum or hospital.
Rest.

Shower bath if due to self-abuse.
Stimulants next to quiet.

Thyroid extract of great benefit.

Chloral hydrate 20 grs. with potas-
sium bromide 20 grs. and
opium, generally direct
and a very useful hyp-
notic, useful in nervous
cases. It is dangerous
in fatty heart and in old
drunkards,

,, urethane if insomnia is due
to cardiac disease or pneu-
monia.

Chloralamide 30 grs. with whisky
in simple insomnia or where due
to nervousness, chronic alco-
holism, hysteria, but not when due
to severe pain or excitement.

INTERMITTENT FEVER.

5l8

Chloralose ; chlorobrom in insomnia
from mental disturbance.

Chloroform internally or by inhala-
tion.

Croton chloral i dr., a good hypnotic.

Ether internally in full doses or by
inhalation.

Ethylene bromide.

Hypnol a good analgesic and hyp-
notic.

Hypnone as a hypnotic in insomnia
due to acute alcoholism.

Methylal, a good hypnotic.

Musk in insomnia due to irritable
brain.

Narcotics.

Paraldehyde i dr. a safe hypnotic.
Does not depress the heart. Free
from unpleasant after-effects.

Peronine.

Phosphorus in insomnia of old people
and where nutrition is inactive.

Potassium bromide 15 grs. before
each meal and 30 grs. at bed-
time increases the hypnotic effects
if given with hyoscyamus, bel-
ladonna, cannabis, ether, and
chloroform in cases due to cere-
bral overaction.

Intermittent Fever —

Acid, carbolic, |to 1 m. with ginger
or with iodine tincture 3 ms.
internally, or with water 20 ms.
hypodermically.

,, nitric dilute in obstinate cases
in 10-m. doses is useful.

Ammonium carbonate, small doses.

,, picrate, very useful.

Ant. pot. tart. ^ to | gr. at the onset.

Arsenic, next to quinine, alone or
with iron as a prophylactic is useful
in long-standing cases of ague or
quarten fever.

Chinoidine and its preparations.

Chinoline.

Chloral hydrate as antipyretic to
check malaria.

Chloroform to cut short the cold
stage 1 to 2 drs. of spirit given
internally or by inhalation.

Potassium bromide useful when in-
somnia is due to overwork of the
brain.

Resorcin useful in insomnia of
typhoid fever, general nervous
excitability and pulmonary tuber-
culosis.

Sodium bromide.

Somnal useful in insomnia due to con-
valescence from acute diseases.

Spermine.

Sulphonal 20 to 30 grs. in milk very
useful. To be avoided if insomnia
is due to pain.

Tartar emetic alone or with opium.

Tetronal — good hypnotic, to be
avoided if insomnia is due to pain.

Trional 5 to 15 grs. alone is a marked
hypnotic and sedative, causes
dreamless sleep in insomnia of
organic cerebral disorders and
neurasthenia with sulphonal acts
admirably as a hypnotic and
sedative.

Urethane as a hypnotic.useful for
children.

Cold drinks.

Emetics if chill follows a full stomach,
given at the commencement,
inadmissible if gastric irrita-
tion.

Ferric sulphate in chronic cases.

Iodine tincture internally to prevent
ague recurring.

Mercury hydrargyrum cum creta
with rhubarb in children in
obstinate cases.

Methylene, blue, useful in children.

Nitrite of amyl to abort or relieve
cold stage.

,, of sodium.

Nitro-glycerin.

Piperine.

Potassium salts as bromide, chloride,
nitrate, 10 grs., with brandy and
water, to prevent chill.

INTERTRIGO.

519

Purgatives at first or during
intermission.

Resorcin to control pyrexia.
Saccharated lime.

Salicin 10 grs. is useful.

Salipyrine.

Sodium chloride | to 1 oz. in hot
water during apyrexia.

Sodium hyposulphite 10 to 20 grs.

is very useful.

Zinc sulphate.

External remedies.— Bleeding, cold compress, cold sponging, hot bath, iced
pack if temperature above 103° or 104°.

Intertrigo—

Acetanilid with boracic acid and
camphor locally as a dusting
powder to allay itching and heat.

Acid boracic 1 to 6 ointment as
application.

Aluminii oleas.

Bismuth nitrate or carbonate locally.

Calomel 1 to 8 of vaseline locally.

Fowler’s earth.

Lime water if due to irritating urine.
Soap — greasy applications if due to
acid secretions.

Tragacanth with glycerin.

Zinc carbonate or oxide as dusting
powder.

Intestinal obstruction— Constipation — Intus-susception—

Abdominal taxis.

Anaesthetics promptly used.

Aspiration or puncture if distended
with air.

Avoid purgatives.

Bougie introduced into the bowel.

Calomel, followed by castor oil
enema internally or by turpentine,
soap and warm water.

Chloroform inhalation.

Enemata nutritive.

Ether and water injected into the
rectum.

,, with alcohol and water injec-
tion (1 in 25).

Food to be avoided.

Galvanism current from the mouth
to the anus.

Glycerin rectal injection.

Ice locally.

Iritis —

Aurum bromide with arsenic and
mercury.

Avoid irritants or astringents.

Bandage with compression pad.

Chloral to relieve pain.

Compresses, iced or warm, to the
eyelids.

Counter-irritation.

Dry heat.

Inflation of intestines with air by
large enemata is a nice remedy in
intus-susception.

Insufflation is often necessary.

Irrigation by hot water in knee chest
position in intus-susception is use-
ful.

Massage.

Mercury, calomel followed by castor
oil and turpentine enema.

Nutritive enemata.

Oxgall 10 to 15 grs. in solution is
useful in intus-susception due to
paresis of the bowels.

Poultices.

Puncture the distended bowels.

Purgatives to be avoided.

Saline injection with caution.

Surgical measures.

Water, hot injection.

Glasses, blue.

Gold — gold bromide, arsenic and
mercury very useful.

Hot fomentation.

Leeches to temples.

Mercurial ointment with belladonna.

Mercury as blue pill 2 grs. in syphi-
litic cases should be given for a
long time.

520

IRRITABILITY.

Potassii iodidi.

Rest complete to the eyes by a
bandage with compression pad.
Saline laxatives if weak.

Sodium salicylate if rheumatic.
Surgical treatment — paracentesis,
iridectomy, when increased ten-
sion, &c.

Irritability —

Acid, hydrocyanic, in irritability of
the stomach.

Alkaline waters in hyperacidity of
the stomach.

Bromide of potassium useful in ner-
vous excitement and in irritabi-
lity of the pharynx,

Cantharides in irritability of the
bladder.

Chloral hydrate 5 grs. in irritability
with nervousness and restlessness.

Laxatives.

Petrolatum as soothing in gastro-
intestinal irritability.

Piperazine if due to excess of uric
acid bladder irritability,

Potassium bromide if irritability of
pharynx.

Externally. — Bandage the legs with cold water ; baths cold, tepid or warm,
before going to bed in cerebral anaemia ; bleeding ; cold douche ; electricity ;
hot water bottles to feet and cold to head ; removal inland ; wet compress ;
wet pack.

Formula, — Balagoti — Bala, an infant or child, and goti, a pillmass. A collo-
quial term for a compound medicinal pill given to children.

It contains atisha 1, sanga-jirun 1, murad sing 2, golab kali 1, vakumbha
jaepatri 2, jaephal 4, dalimb-chhal 4, bela 3^, singroti mul 2, indrajav 1^,
zarer f, tamal patra J, pipali mul 1, lendi pipal vavading i|, harade (sur-
vari) 1 kirmani-ajamo i|, kakari bij 7, kadu isas i£, tavakhir 2,
asarun 2, bala vaj 1, lavang 1. Mix and make a pill mass in madha. Dose —
2 to 4 grs. in wakefulness in children.

Jaundice— Catarrhal Jaundice —

Acid arsenious with ferri sulphatis
and quinine.

,, nitro-hydrochloric dilute with
taraxacum before each meal in
catarrhal jaundice due to torpor
of the liver or during convales-
cence as a bath to right hypo-
chondrium. 3 ozs. of the acid to 1
gallon of water.

Alkaline mineral waters in duode-
nal catarrh or catarrh of bile
ducts.

Ammonium chloride 20 grs. with
taraxacum very useful.
,, iodide 1 to 3 grs. in
catarrh of bile ducts and jaundice.

Arsenic very useful in jaundice of
malarial jaundice or that due to
catarrh of bile ducts — after
catarrh of duodenum.

Apollinaris water.

Baths — steam baths, alkaline

baths.

Bezoar.

Blisters.

Calomel.

Carlsbad salts. To be taken luke-
warm.

Diaphoretics.

Diuretics.

Enemata of cold water.

Ether to dissolve gallstone.

Ferri succinas.

,, sulphatis exsiccata.

Iodoform.

Iron succinata.

Magnesium sulphate with fel
bovinum and podophyllum.

Manganese oxide if jaundice is due
to malaria or to catarrh of biliary
passages.

JOINT AFFECTIONS.

521

Mercurial ointment as inunction.
Gray powder \ gr. with ipecacu-
anha internally, followed by castor
oil in jaundice with depression,
vomiting, coated tongue or excess
of bile.

Mercurials and podophyllum to
be avoided in obstructive jaun-
dice.

Pichi.

Potassium chlorate..

Sulphate.

Diet. — Avoid starches, fats, alcohol, high
broth, green vegetables.

Saline purgatives, as Rochelle salt,
to depurate the upper bowels with
alkaline baths.

Salol very useful in catarrhal jaun-
dice.

Sodium benzoate.

„ phosphate i dr. in jaundice
due to catarrh of bile
• ducts.

,, pyrophosphate.

,, salicylate as a cholagogue.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi.

seasoned food. Give milk, eggs,

Joint Affections — Swollen Joints — Polyarthritis — Synovitis —

Acid salicylic i to 4 of olive oil as a
paste locally applied in obsti-
nately stiff and painful scrofu-
lous knee, ankle and wrist
joints and to bones,
sulphuric 1 to 8 as irritant oint-
ment in chronic diseases of joints
is very useful.

Alcohol and water (1 to 1) as eva-
porating lotion is very useful.

Ammonium chloride solution (1 in
80).

Arsenic in large doses is useful in
rheumatoid arthritis and nodosities
of joints.

Baths — Turkish baths for stiff joints.

Blisters.

Cadmium iodide.

Cantharis vesicatoria. Externally
for swelled joints.

Cod-liver oil in strumous cases— in
scrofulous joint affections.

Cold douche, for stiff joints.

Galvanism, for stiff joints.

Ice to the knee.

Ichthalbin internally.

Keratitis — Corneal opacity —

Acid boracic solution.

Antisyphilitic treatment.

Arsenic internally for constitutional
effects.

Avoid astringents or irritants as
alcohol.

Calcium sulphide •§- to ^ gr. with
sugar of milk is very useful.

Ichthyol locally as ointment to re-
lieve pain.

Iodine 1 to 8 of glycerin in obsti-
nate cases of rheumatic joint dis-
ease.

Iodoform, in scrofulous diseases
of joints and bones.

Iron ferrous iodide with iodine local-
ly in scrofulous affections of bones
and joints.

Mercury oleate or unguentum
hydrargyri ammoniata 1 to 4 to
be rubbed in chronic articular in-
flammation of the knee or other
joints.

Massage except in the case of hip
joints.

Ph-enacetin, a safe antipyretic to re-
lieve pyrexia of polyarthritis.

Silver nitrate solution with nitrous
ether applied locally to adjacent
vascular parts to relieve inflam-
mation of small joints.

Sozoiodole — mercury ointment.

Tartar emetic ointment.

Calomel — dry dusting powder for
ulcer.

Cod-liver oil.

Curetting.

Fomentation, hot water, with bella-
donna.

Hot compresses.

Hyd. perchl. solution.

66

522

LABOUR.

Hydrarg. oxid flava with olive oil,
locally.

Iron iodide syrup internally.

Iodine paint as counter-irritant to
the temples.

Iodoform ointment.

Iridectomy useful to relieve pain in
severe vascular keratitis.

Leeches.

Mercurial ointment.

Mercuric and ferric chlorides with
cod-liver oil in interstitial and
syphilitic keratitis.

Formula. — Zinci oxide
ammoniated mercury,
and corneal opacities.

Labour— Tedious Labour —

Potassium bromide internally
for constitutional
effects.

,, iodide for constitutional
effects.

Pressure — bandage in suppurative
forms.

Sodium chloride solution (i in 500)
injection under the conjunctiva;.

Supra renal extract.

Tannic acid — Dusting powder if due
to granular conjunctivitis.

> 120 §frs- ; Armenian bole, 150 grs. ; olive oil, 4 drs. ;
1 dr. ; lanolin, 4 drs. Mix. Application for nebula

Acetanilid to bring on profuse
sweat and thus relax muscular
rigidity and ease the pain.

Amyl nitrite, useful in hour-glass
contraction of the uterus. It re-
laxes the uterus.

Anaesthetics with care only in pro-
tracted and painful cases. It is
risky, as it increases the tendency
to post-partem haemorrhage*,

Antimony et potassii tartras.
Dose — ^ gr. in rigid os.

Borax in tedious labour excites
activity of the uterus.

Lactation —

Ammonium chloride 10 grs. in inter-
costal neuralgia due to suckling.

Gaduol.

Glycerophosphates.

Chloral hydrate 15 grs. to relieve
rigid undilatable cervix and to
relieve pain.

Chloroform inhalation, after the os
is fully dilated, not to produce
complete anaesthesia as it would
interrupt further uterine action.

Diffusible stimulants.

Ethyl bromide as an anaesthetic very
useful.

Hot soup.

Mercury bichloride ^oWgT. lotion as
wash, but acid carbolic lotion is to
be preferred.

Hypophosphites, in debility from
overlactation.

Thyroidin.

Lactation when excessive— Antigalactagogues—

Alcohol for women weakened by
suckling.

Antipyrin 4 grs. as antigalactagogue.
Calcium phosphate and hypophos-
phitein debility from overlactation.
Chloral hydrate.

Electricity.

Iodides.

Mercury.

Potassium bisulphite.
,, iodide.

Drugs, excreted in the milk when taken by nursing women, are arsenic,
antimony, bismuth, iodine, iron, lead, mercury, and zinc. Acids taken by the
mother cause griping in the child. Natural salts and purgative drugs taken
by the mother act as purgatives in the child. Potassium salts act as diuretics.
Potassium iodide may be detected in the urine of the child. Salicylates and
potassium sulphide may be found in the milk of the woman.

LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS.

523

Laryngismus Stridulus—

Antipyrin.

Bromides to relieve or cheek spasm,
to moderate the attack, and to
prevent recurrence.

Chloral, 15 grs., to prevent the
attack.

Laryngitis — Acute Catarrhal —

Abstinence from talking.

Acid acetic as inhalation, or vine-
gar as gargle.

,, sulpho-anilic as sodii sulpha-
nilas internally.

,, sulphurous as inhalation or as
spray.

Aldehyde diluted (1 dr. to 1 pt.) as
vapour in catarrh or congestion.
Ammonium chloride with opium
internally.

Antikamnia — internally.

Antimony. Tartar emetic ro §Tr*
with Dover’s powder internally in
cedematous laryngitis.

Antipyrin as a spray.

Argenti nitras as cautery.

Bromides internally.

Calomel, small doses, followed by a
saline purge.

Chloroform and acid hydrocyanic as
inhalation.

Chlorophenol as inhalation.

Copper sulphate as an emetic.

Chloroform — a few whiffs will stop
the paroxysm.

Cold sponging — wet pack to the
neck.

Nitro-glycerin to allay the spasm.

Out-door exercise.

Tartar emetic.

Creosote as spray.

Demulcents, mucilaginous drinks
and diaphoretics internally.

Ethyl iodide as inhalation in oedema
of the glottis.

Glycerin locally.

Intubation — a silver tube inserted
into the larynx.

Iron — Monsel’s solution 1 to 2 of
water and glycerin locally to the
larynx.

Potassium iodide.

Purgatives in the early stage.

Sanitas oil.

Sozoiodole sodium, potassium, or
zinc.

Tracheotomy if other remedies fail ;
useful in oedematous laryngitis
recurring in Bright’s disease.

Zinc sulphate as an emetic internally
or 20 grs. to 1 oz. of water as solu-
tion to be applied locally to the
larynx by a sponge.

External remedies. — Free atmosphere ; warm baths ; hot foot-bath ; cold
locally ; ice to suck or locally over the larynx. Fomentations, hot water stupes
alone or with turpentine to the chest ; inhalations of medicated hot steam with
compound tincture of benzoin (20 ms. to 1 oz.) or with either tinct. opii, hops or
conii; iodine inhalation or iodine as counter-irritant to be painted over the
neck ; leeches to the throat if oedema exists ; cupping to the nape of the
neck ; scarification of the larynx if oedema exists; poultices; gargle of hot
milk.

Diet. — Bland, nourishing and unirritating.

Formzila. — Potas. carbonat., 20 grs. ; tinct. opii, 30 ms. ; syrup senegas,

2 drs. ; syrup tolutani, 12 drs. ; aqua, 3 ozs. Dose — 1 dr.

Ammonii bromid., 60 grs. ; ammonii chloridi, 40 grs. ; potassi chloratis, 40
grs. ; tinct. opii, 30 ms. ; syrup scilla, 4 drs. ; elixir calysayse, 1 oz. ; aqua,

3 ozs. Dose — 1 oz.

LARYNGITIS.

524

Laryngitis, Follicular, Glandular or Syphilitic-

Acid carbolic solution (1 to 7), of gly-
cerin locally or as inhalation
1 dr. in 1 pint of hot water.

,, chromic — application to the
syphilitic ulcers and cords.

Alum solution as gargle or spray to
the back of the throat.

Ammonium chloride as spray, or air
loaded with its vapour as inhala-
tion.

Bismuth subnitras used as insuffla-
tion.

Chloroform vapour by steam at-
omizer.

Copper sulphate 20 grs. to 1 oz.
locally applied.

Counter-irritants locally.

Creosote with hops by inhalation.

Ferri chloride with glycerin (1 to 8)
‘locally as a paint or spray.

Glycerin with codea, citric acid and
gelatine, known as codea jelly, in-
ternally in laryngeal hacking
cough.

Guaiacum lozenges in mucous laryn-
gitis.

Insufflation to the larynx by some
bland powder.

Iodine paint over the neck ; iodine
inhalation of the vapour.

Irritating matters in the throat to be
removed.

Silver nitrate powdered or solution
(10 grs. to 1 oz.) as a paint to the
larynx used carefully with a brush.

Sodii biborate with glycerin as paint
if ulceration is present.

Sodium sulphite solution 1 dr. to 1
oz. of water by inhalation, spray
or by fumigation.

Sulphur as sulphurous acid by spray
in syphilitic cases or as sodium sul-
phite (1 to 8) as spray or wash or
by fumigation.

Water boiling for steam inhalation.

Zinc chloride with glycerin or as
solution to apply locally.

External remedies. — Avoid oratory, use of alcholic drinks, tobacco.

Use setons ; give rest to the voice in phthisical or syphilitic laryngeal cases.

Formula . — Mixture. — Potassii bromidi, 2 drs. ; ext. aconiti, 2 grs. ; antimony
potassio tartrat., 1 gr. ; syrup pruni virginiana, 2 ozs. Dose — 2 drs. In
catarrhal aphonia.

Inhalation. — Aquae ammonise, 4 drs. ; thymol, 12 ms. ; kaolin, 12 grs. ; magn.
carb., 12 grs. ; aqua, 1 oz. Mix. In catarrhal aphonia.

Voice lozenges. — Potassii chloratis, 2
cubeba, | gr. ; confection of roses, 2 grs.

Laryngitis, Tubercular—

Acid lactic, by insufflation. The so-
lution 30 per cent, as paint or swab
or by injection.

Antitoxin serum.

Bismuth subnitrate or subgallate by
insufflation.

Creosote by inhalation.

Curette or scraping the diseased
mucous membrane of the larynx
or the ulcerated parts.

Diet — Thick liquids better than thin
ones.

Feeding by soft rubber tube if dys-
phagia exists.

Hydrogen peroxide.

grs. ; eucalypti extract, 1 gr. ; pulv.

For lozenge — 1.

Iodoform by insufflation even if ex-
tensive ulceration.

Iodol and boric acid by insufflation.

Mercury bichloride as spray (1 in
2, coo).

Resorcin locally in tuberculous and
other ulcerations of the larynx.

Scarification.

Silver nitrate locally as powder or
in solution.

Tracheotomy in deep and extensive
ulceration.

Zinc chloride or zinc sulphate solu-
tion with cocain 2 per cent, locally
in early catarrhal stage.

LErROSY.

525

Leprosy-

Acid arsenious with black pepper
internally.

,, carbolic as vapour locally.

,, pyrogallic ointment 10 per cent,
in lanolin.

,, salicylic with chrysarobin and
creosote as a plaster to the affected
head and chin.

Ammonium iodide.

Antitoxins.

Arsenic and mercury iodide solu-
tion.

Cleanliness.

Diet nutritious.

Europhen 5 per cent, in oil locally.

Ferri arsenas \ gr. internally.

Glycerin locally.

Hoang-nan 2 with alum 1 and
realgar 1, as pill. Dose — 3 grs.

Leucocythaemia— Leukaemia —

Alkaline hypophosphites.

Arsenic hsemol.

,, liquor 5 ms. in increasing
doses.

Baths of nitro-muriatic acid.

Bone marrow.

Cod-liver oil.

Galvanisation to the spleen.

Glycerophosphates.

Leucorrhcea—

Abrak.

Acids, boric (1 in 60), as injection;
carbolic diluted as vaginal injec-
tion ; chromic or nitric as appli-
cation to the os and cervix ; nitric
dilute and cinchona internally ;
phosphoric dilute internally, sali-
cylic (1 in 50) with glycerin local-
ly ; alkalies locally to correct acrid
discharges.

Hygiene.

Ichthalbin internally.

Ichthyol locally with pyrogallic acid
and lanolin (1 to 10) or internally.
Mercury bichloride as wash (1 in
2,000).

,) per iodide ointment (1 to
10) of lanolin.

,, red iodide 1 to 80 of lanolin.
Potassium iodide internally.
Sero-therapeutics.

Silver nitrate as alterative inter-
nally.

Sodium bicarbonate as lotion.

,, salicylate 15 grs. internally.
Sulphur iodide internally.

Thyroidin is useful in nervous lep-
rosy.

Warm baths.

Iron in large doses.

Nutrients.

Oxygen inhalation for a long time
to reduce the spleen.

Fhosphorus gr. is very useful.
Removal of the spleen is useless.
Thymus extract.

Tonics.

Zinc phosphidum.

Alum with quinine and oak bark
internally.

Aluminio ferric alum internally.

Calcium phosphate 1 to 2 grs. in-
ternally in cachexia.

Dry red wine internally.

Iodides and bromides internally.

Iron iodide, ferric carbonate and
other iron preparations internally.

Externally . — Baths (hot), blister to the sacrum, cold sponging, hot water
injections as tonic to the pelvic vessels to relieve venous congestion, ice
bag (spinal), poultices to the hypogastrium.

Application locally to the Os and Cervix . — Acid chromic, nitric, sali-
cylic (1 in 50) of glycerin, iodine tincture alone or with potassium iodide and
tar water or with carbolic acid and opium, potassium permanganate 4 per cent,
solution.

326

LICHEN PLANUS.

Dusting Powder or Insufflation.-- Bismuth, hathid&nt bhasm, iodoform with
tannin (i to 8), iodotannin (i to 8) as a dry pack.

Injections , vaginal. — Acid boric with glycerin or with vaselin or cocoa
butter, acid carbolic diluted, alum alone or with borax as solution, bismuth
with mucilage, chloral hydrate i in 40, chlorinate of sodium liquor (1 in 10),
•cupri sulphas (1 in 500), ferric chloride tincture (1 in 150), ferric sulphate (1 in
So), potassium carbonate or chlorate 1 dr. in 1 pint of water, if the discharge
is alkaline and copious, silver nitrate, sodium carbonate 1 dr., with bella-
donna 2 drs. and water 1 pint, sodium chlorinate liquor with sodium salicy-
late as solution.

Irrigation. — Gases medicated, plain or medicated liquors, vapours medi-
cated.

Tampon into the Vagina. — Alum with bismuth or tannic acid, equal parts,
glycerin as vehicle for other agents, glycerin alone for erosion or ulcera-
tion of os and cervix, glycozone on absorbent cotton, iodoform alone or
with oil of fennel or with Peruvian balsam, silver nitrate with alum and
bismuth.

Suppository, vaginal. — Bismuth with cocoa butter, plumbi acetate or plumbi
iodidi with opium.

Wash , vaginal. — Acetum (1 in 15), bandharo (1 in 15), borax (1 dr. in 1 pint
of water), hydrargyri bichloride (1 in 1,000), potassium nitrate with alum,
potassium permanganate (1 in 100), sodium carbonate (1 in 100), zinc acetate
(1 in 200), zinc sulphate (1 in 500).

Lichen Planus-

Acid nitric dilute 10 ms. after meals.

Alkaline lotions as a wash.

Antipyrin internally to avoid itch-
ing.

Arsenic very useful.

Calomel internally or calomel with
mercuric nitrate and tar ointment
in obstinate cases.

Cantharides tincture locally.

Cautery superficially to remove itch-
ing.

Cod-liver oil with ferri arsenas inter-
nally.

Excision to remove horny incrusta-
tions.

Galvano-caustic wire.

Ichthalbin internally.

Ichthyol locally.

Liquor carbonis detergens as a
wash.

Mercury bichloride 3 grs. with car-
bolic acid 20 ms. and zinc oint-
ment 1 oz. locally.

Plumbi acetate liquor thickened with
zinc oxide and starch or calamine
and with carbolic acid or liquor
picis carbonis. The paint acts as a
sedative in acute cases.

Potassium chlorate 15 grs. before
meals.

Silver nitrate with nitrous ether
painted over the patch.

Strontium iodide internally.

Sulphides.

Tar ointment.

Warm baths.

Lithsemia — Lithiasis — Uric Acid or Lithic Acid Diathesis —

Acids, benzoic, to reduce the acidity
in uric acid diathesis, to acidify
phosphatic urine ; hydrochloric,
nitric, or lactic for faulty digestion
and assimilation ; salicylic and its
salts as solvents and excretants
of uric acid in the urine.

Alkalies and alkaline mineral water
rich in potassium salts to clear the
portal system, also to favour solu-
tion of calculi.

Calcii or sodii hippuras as solvent for
urates.

Carlsbad salts.

LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA

527

Lithium salts as the bromide in solu-
tion of potassium citrate 3 hours
after food internally; the citrate
20 grs., the salicylate, the car-
bonate and benzoate are very
useful.

Lithontriptics.

Lycetol and lysidine, good solvents
of uric acid given internally.

Oxygen peroxide.

Piperazine to promote the solubi-
lity of uric acid and urates with
which it forms soluble uric acid
compounds and to relieve itching
(pruritus).

Potassium salts as acetate, carbon-
ate, citrate to relieve biliousness ;
tartrate and permanganate
prevent calculi by converting uric
acid into urea.

Purgatives.

Sodium salts as benzoate, borate,
chloride, carbonate and phos-
phate.

Strontium salts as the citrate,
lactate and salicylate useful
in uric acid, in chronic gout
and in lithaemia with intestinal
indigestion.

Vichy water.

Diet. — Use milk diet, starchy food, vegetables, acid fruits. Avoid alcohol*
abstain from succulent vegetables and fruits, and from animal food ; avoid
sedentary habits and high living.

Locomotor Ataxia — (Posterior Spinal Sclerosis) (Tabes Dorsalis) —

Acetanilid or antipyrin or phenace-
tin to relieve lancinating pain.

Baths — shower bath and frictions, salt
foot-bath with sulphide of potas-
sium.

Blister to the spine.

Cod-liver oil and iron as tonic.

Cold compress to the head and neck.

Cupping to the loins.

Electricity — galvanic current to re-
lieve pain. Faradac current is use-
ful in wasting of muscles and con-
stant current to relieve irrita-
tion ascending through the spinal
column.

Friction with a cloth dipped in
water.

Glycerino-phosphate as tonic.

Gold bromide and arsenic or
gold and sodium chloride useful to
retard the progress.

Mercuro-iodo-haemol or mercury
bichloride to retard the progress.

Diet. — Milk, nutritious food.

Lumbago—

Acetanilid.

Acid carbolic, perosmic or salicylic.

Acupuncture gives relief, but not if
there is high fever.

Alcohol locally.

Never stretching.

Neurodyne.

Orchitic extract is very useful.

Phosphorus, metallic phosphates
with dilute phosphoric acid.

Potassium salts as bichromate, bro-
mide, iodide, useful to retard the
progress.

Rest as perfect as possible.

Silver salts as nitrate gr. with bel-
ladonna ^ gr. or with sodium hy-
pophosphite 1 gr. or with nux-
vomica i internally in progressive
locomotor ataxia to relieve motor
disturbances ; silver oxide silver
phosphate.

Sodium salts as bromide or hypophos-
phite with silver nitrate. These to
be discontinued when blue line on
the gums appear.

Spermine is very useful.

Suspension with plaster jacket.

Zinc phosphide internally.

Ammonium chloride 10 grs. to be re-
peated till congestion of nasal
mucous membrane appears — given
to relieve muscular rheumatic pain.

Anodyne amyl colloid locally.

528

LUNG DISEASES.

Antipyrin 8 grs. hypodermically very
useful, also phenacetin and salol
internally.

Cautery.

Chloroform liniment gives relief.

Cod-liver oil as tonic.

Electricity, faradization, galvan-
ism— constant current — very use-
ful.

Ether spray locally as an anaesthetic
to the loins.

Eucalyptus oil as liniment.

Gaduol as tonic.

Hot douche, hot poultices, or hot
flat iron to the seat of pain.

Ice bags or ice rubbed over the back.

Ichthyol 20 per cent, as ointment.

Diet. — Generous and nutritious. Lemon

Lung Diseases — Lungs, Gangrene of—

Ammonium acetate very useful in all
pulmonary complaints.

,, carbonate with cinchona
very useful.

Blisters to the chest in hypostatic
pulmonary congestion.

Carbolic acid by inhalation very
useful.

Lupus — A Dermal Form of Tuberculosis

Iodides are useful if due to syphilis,
mercury, lead, copper, or tin
poisoning.

Massage.

Neurodin 5 to 15 grs. as antineuralgic.

Potassium nitrate 10 grs. if urine is
scanty and high col-
oured.

,, salicylate and iodide very
useful.

Rest absolute of great importance.

Rochelle salt internally.

Sodium glycero-phosphate as tonic.

Strapping with sticking plaster from
the thigh upwards.

Turkish bath.

juice.

Creosote by inhalation removes foetor.

Eucalyptus oil and alcohol (1 to 1) as
inhalation.

Liquor potassse useful in congestion
of the bronchi or lungs.

Mineral acids (nitro-hydrochloric)
with quinine in chronic cases.

Acid carbolic crystals as a super-
ficial and mild escharotic.

,, chromic solution locally

as an escharotic.

,, lactic locally alone or with

kaolin as a paste attacks the
diseased tissue only and effec-
tually destroys it.

,, salicylic as a paste with ich-

thyol and hydrargyri oleate
or with creosote has a selec-
tive action on the new growth
and destroys it without any
injury to the healthy tissue.
As dressing, acid salicylic 5,
creosote 5, glycerynum sapo-
natum 90, is useful after the
destruction of the growth.

,, trichlor acetic locally.

Airol locally as antiseptic dusting
powder or ointment.

Aristol is very useful as dressing.

Arsenic internally in chronic cases
but not syphilitic.

,, with iron and iodine inter-
nally.

Arsenicum oleate in ulcerative forms
to destroy cell infiltration, also in
the tubercular form.

Arsenious acid and calomel locally
as a dusting powder in lupus over
the head and face.

Auri et sodii chloridum is used as
a caustic.

Aurum arsenate internally is very
useful.

Blisters.

Calcium salts, as chloride, internally
given for a long time bears good
results.

Cauterization by galvano cautery,
actual cautery as hot iron at white
heat, after scraping the diseased
tissues, is useful.

LYMFHADENOMA.

529

Cocaine solution 5 per cent, as appli-
cation.

Collodium salicylic locally.

Electrolysis acts on the diseased
tissue.

Iodine tincture internally or as paint
or with glycerin solution locally
applied to the edges in syphilitic
or scrofulous cases.

Iodoform locally.

Lassor’s paste.

Lead — liquor plumbi with glycerin
(1 to 2} applied after separation of
the crusts.

Mercury as calomel internally as a
constitutional remedy or as dusting
powder or as ointment. Bin-iodide,
nitrate, oleate or mercury plas-
ter is useful in lupus erythema-
tous.

Petroleum ceratum locally.

Phosphorus internally as a sub-
stitute for arsenic is very useful.

Potassium cantharidate locally.

Resorcin locally.

Scraping the diseased tissue by Pa-
quelin’s cautery is very satisfac-
tory.

Silver nitrate — a weak solution
applied in superficial forms.

Sodium ethylate as a caustic on ab-
sorbent cotton followed by dusting
with bismuth oleate as a soothing
application.

Strontium iodide is very useful.

Thiosinamine used hypodermically.

Tuberculin locally injected gives
good results.

Tuberculocidin.

Thyroidin or thyroid extract to
stimulate the activity of the skin
function.

Zinc chloride paste locally.

,, sulphate dusted over the sur-
face acts as a caustic, and then
poultices applied to remove the
slough.

solar and electric rays

Phototherapy to bring the concentrated chemical
upon the lupus patch.

Lymphadenoma- Hodgkin's Disease-

Arsenic liquor as Fowler’s solution
internally or injected into the
gland to remove glandular swell-
ing.

Bone marrow is beneficial.

Extirpation of the gland is of bene-
fit if there is no fever, nor marked
anaemia.

Lymphangitis—

Acid picric solution, applied locally
over the red lines.

,, sulphurous internally.

Acidulated drinks.

Cotton wadding for the limb.

Emetic, to remove gastric derange-
ment.

Iodine tincture locally round the
glands to prevent suppuration.

Iodine often does good.

Organic extracts have been used
with good results.

Phosphorus, a good substitute for
arsenic.

Lead — liquor plumbi subacetatis ap-
plied locally with good results to
soothe and restrain the inflamma-
tion.

Mercurial ointment to be rubbed.

Poultices and rest to the part.

Salicin with brandy in septic
cases.

Stimulants and tonics.

Sulphites. Internally.

Warm baths.

530

MALARIA.

Malaria— Chronic-

Acid arsenious and arsenites with
iron as powerful prophy-
lactic against malaria and
in chronic malarial poison-
ing. It prevents the return
of fever and neuralgia and
diminishes splenic enlarge-
ments.

,, cacodylic.

,, carbolic and iodine is useful in
chronic malarial infection
as an antiperiodic and a re-
ducer of spleen.

,, picric.

Ammonium picrate ^ to J gr. in
ague.

Arsenyl.

Bath — Turkish baths and vapour
baths cure by inducing perspira-
tion.

Calomel as a purge.

Mania-

Anaesthetics.

Bath warm if cerebral excitement.

Blisters.

Bromides with cannabis tincture,
equal parts, very useful in puerpe-
ral cases, in mania of pregnancy,
in nymphomania, &c.

Chloral and camphor as calmative
and hypnotic/

,, hydrate to procure sleep
and quiet the mind.

Chloroform by inhalation to be given
short of complete anaesthesia.

Cold douche to the head in mania
with delirium, alternated with
warm bath.

Enemata.

Mastitis— Mammary Abscess—

Acetum-vinegar, locally to abort
inflammation.

Acid carbolic lotion for abscess.

Alcohol or eau de cologne and
water as lotion to sponge the
breast.

Eucalyptus, to promote assimila-
tion.

Guaiacol.

Iron and manganese iodide. Syrup
i dr. is useful in chronic
malaria.

,, and quinine citrate in chronic
forms.

,, arseniate and ammonium ci-
trate subcutaneously.

,, sulphate is useful in anaemia
with enlarged spleen.

Liquor iodi terchloridi.

Manganese sulphate is useful in
malarial jaundice.

Nuclein is of great benefit.

Salicin or salicylates of cinchonidine
and quinine to check chronic
malaria.

Sodium chloride.

Warburg’s tincture.

Fomentations, hot.

Galvanism to the head and cervical
sympathetic.

Iron chloride tincture io ms. as a
restorative.

Paraldehyde \ dr. as hypnotic is
useful.

Potassium bromide with tincture
cannabis \ dr. each in acute cases.

Poultices.

Removal from home, from friends,
and surroundings.

Sulphonal.

Tartar emetic with opium if depres-
sion.

Urethane io grs. internally.

Wet pack.

Ammonium chloride as resolvent
locally ; as lotion with spirit ros-
marini (i dr. to i pt.)in induration
after suppuration till the part is
cold.

Antimony tart, in the early stage.

MEASLES. '

531

Antiseptic gauze locally.

Argenti nitras as cautery if fistula
exists.

Bandaging the arm to the side to
prevent motion.

Breast pump if due to milk.

Calcium sulphide internally in
mammary abscess.

Chloral hydrate with olei lini (1 to 8)
application or solution for poultice
to relieve induration and pain.

Chloroform and glycerin applica-
tion in threatening inflammation.

Cod-liver oil.

Cold compress.

Drainage tube.

Heat from steam to relieve pain
and prevent suppuration.

Ice locally.

Ichthyol locally.

Measles— Rubeola —

Acid carbolic internally useful in the
early stage.

Adeps lanae as inunction.

Ammonium acetate liquor and am-
monium carbonate — reliable reme-
dies to relieve cyanosis, delirium,
and feeble circulation.

Antimony to allay cough and catarrh.

Baths — foot-bath. Hot if convul-
sions occur. Tepid bath with cold
douche to the head to allay cere-
bral symptoms.

Cleanliness to be strictly observed.

Diet . — Low. No animal food.

Melancholia — Hypochondriasis — Mental

Acid nitro-hydrochloric dil. after
meals.

Arsenic with opium in the aged per-
sons.

Bromide of potassium is very useful
in unendurable despondency.

Chloral hydrate as a hypnotic gives
great relief.

Gold salts very useful in suicidal
tendency, or gold bromide and
arsenic hypodermically, or gold
and sodium chloride ^ to g1'*
in anaemia.

Water cure . — Shower bath, cold bath, w<

Iodine ointment or tincture, locally,
to remove induration of
breast after inflammation.
,, injection if fistula exists.

Incision in the radius of the breast.

Lead acetate liquor as lotion.

,, iodide as discutient.

Mercury oleate with morphine oleatc
locally in mammary abscess.

Oil friction in the early stage from the
circumference towards the nipple.

Phosphorus.

Plaster of Paris bandage to arrest
lactation.

Plumbi carbonas with carbolic oil
and linseed-oil-paste as application.

Rest to the mamma by supporting
them with straps of plaster.

,, to prevent motion.

Tin foil as a compress.

*

Cod-liver oil and iron during or
after convalescence.

Calcium sulphide during conva-
lescence.

Cold packing wet sheet when retro-
cedent.

,, affusion in the early stage.

Dark room in scrofulous children.

Inunction of butter to lessen
fever. -

Kairin.

Purgatives should be given with cau-
tion.

Depression —

Iron chloride tincture as restorative.

Musk and castoreum are very useful.

Orchitic extract is very useful.

Paraldehyde.

Phosphorus to relieve depression
from overwork.

Thyroidin.

Turkish baths.

Urethane.

Zinc phosphide.

rm bath, cold douche.

532

MENINGITIS.

Meningitis, cerebral, spinal, epidemic— Cerebro— Spinal Fever— Spotted

Fever —

Acid hydrocyanic dil.with sodium car-
bonate to check vomiting,
,, salicylic.

Alcohol.

Ammonium carbonate as stimulant.

Antimony potas. tartras is of great
service.

Antipyrin of good service in cerebro-
spinal meningitis.

Bismuth to control nausea.

Blister to the nape of the neck to
prevent effusion and in coma after
acute symptoms have subsided.

Bromides alone or with chloral to
relieve nervous symptoms and to
guard against opium in cerebral
and cerebro-spinal meningitis.

Calomel and opium in the early stage
of cerebral meningitis.

Cautery, actual, as a counter-irrita-
tion freely to the back of the neck
to alleviate pain.

Cold baths — cold douche or ice to

p the spine to relieve pain in the head.

Croton oil as a derivative and revul-
sive locally for rubbing over the
shaven scalp gives good results.

Diet. — Nutritious, at short intervals.

Meningitis, Tubercular —

Cod-liver oil internally.

Ferrous iodide internally.

Iodine paint to the scalp or iodine
ointment as inunction.

Leeches on the scalp.

Magnesium carbonate.

Mercury perchloride gr. internally.

M enorrhagia — M etrorrhagia —

Acid sulphuric dilute if due to the
pressure of polypus, fibroid, &c.

Alum alone 2 drs. to water 4 pints
or with sulphuric acid as a wash.

Ammonium salts as acetate liquor,
or as bromide ; as chloride if at-
tended with headache.

Argenti oxidum internally.

Arsenic alone as liquor 5 ms. or with
iron if due to anaemia.

Brandy as stimulant.

Fresh air, free ventilation.

Iodoform internally.

Iron chloride tincture 10 to 20 ms.
is of benefit.

Leeches to nape of neck or behind
the ears or on temples to relieve
terrible headache.

Mercury bichloride with potas-

sium iodide 10 grs.

„ ointment as inunction rubbed

in the groins and armpits is good
for children in cerebral meningitis,
even in desperate cases.

Milk cure.

Phosphorus in chronic cases.

Potassium bromide if convulsions fol-
low the attack.

,, iodide in large doses is
useful in the later stages of syphi-
litic meningitis. Avoid its use if
there is gastric derangement.

Purgatives from the first, calomel
and jalap.

Spermine.

Venesection early in sthenic cases
with excitement.

Mercury oleate or mercury ointment
by inunction.

Potassium iodide with potassium
bromide.

Purgatives.

Tartar emetic ointment as counter-
irritant to the scalp.

Bromide of potassium with ergot
is very prompt in its effects.

Calcium phosphate in anaemia from
excessive discharges.

Iodine or iodoform locally to the os.

Iron salts as perchloride, sulphate,
pernitratis liquor in anaemia.

Magnesium sulphate with diluted
sulphuric acid is very useful.

Mammary extract gives good re-
sults.

Phosphates as tonics.

MILIARIA.

533

Plumbi acetas as enema or inter-
nally.

Potas iodide i dr., tincture iodine
i dr., acid carbolic i dr., gly-
cerin i dr. To swab the uterus.

Potassium bromide with ferri bro-
mide.

Potassium chlorate with ergot very
useful.

Rest absolutely necessary.

Salipyrin.

Sangjirun internally.

Sodii salicylas. Dose — 10 to 20 grs.
Stypticin.

Hot water

External remedies. — Dry cupping over the sacrum if congestion,
bag to dorsal and lumbar regions, hot foot-bath, ice to the spine.

Miliaria— Prickly Heat-

Alkaline lotions.

Baths — warm baths, sulphide baths,
sponge baths.

Carbolic acid 4 per cent, solution
with glycerin locally to check
itching.

Cuprum sulphate or lead acetate
10 grs. to 1 oz. as solution.
Inunction of the body with fat or
vaseline.

Zinc oxide or starch or lycopodium
or rice powder as dusting powder.

lead to perspiration,

Diet . — Avoid alcohol. Avoid all causes which would
as stiff exercise, living in close rooms, warm clothing.

Myalgia— Painful Muscular Affections

Acupuncture or aquapuncture.

Ammonium chloride 20 grs., very
useful.

Baths, Turkish, when due to over-
exertion.

Chloroform liniment locally with
friction gives great relief.

Clove oil locally.

Diaphoretics internally.

Electricity, constant current.

Exalgin 1 to 2 grs. internally.

Firing is often very useful.

Iodine ointment to relieve pain and
tenderness of muscles.

Massage.

Packing with wet sheet.

Potassium acetate, citrate, or iodide
internally.

Poultices very hot.

Rest is very essential.

Salicylates.

Myelitis — Spinal Paralysis —

Cupping to the loins to relieve local-
ized pain or tenderness.

Derivatives as warm water, rectal
enema.

Electricity galvanism in chronic
cases.

Hydrotherapy.

Leeches when localized pain or ten-
derness.

Phosphorus in myelitis with para-
plegia due to excessive venery.

Posture prone or on one side.

Rest absolute.

Silver nitrate | to \ gr. in chronic
inflammation of the cord.

,, phosphate in myelitis with
bladder and rectum affected.
Sodium phosphate hypodermically.
Water, ice bag, hot douche to the
spine, hot foot-bath.

Myxaedema — Thick and Insensible Skin-

Arsenic iron salts as tonic. Iodothyrine.

Avoid exposure to cold. Thyroid gland extract very useful.

Baths daily. Treak farook internally.

Hypophosphites as tonic.

534

NASAL AFFECTIONS

Nasal Affections—

Acid chromic locally.

,, trichloracetic.

Alum alone or aluminium tanno
tartrate or aceto-tartrate as dust-
ing powder.

Ammonia inhalation to relieve pain
and inflammation in the nose and
of frontal bones.

Bismuth subgallate as dusting
powder locally.

Cod-liver oil internally in chronic
discharges.

Glycerin with tannin or with starch
or with zinc oxide locally in excori-
ations or for eruptions where hair
grows.

Epilation to relieve black, stinking
mucus from the nose.

Nausea— Biliousness — Sea-sickness —

Acid carbolic and creosote useful in
reflex nausea.

Ammonia citrate of iron, well di-
luted, is useful in troublesome
nausea.

Bismuth liquor is useful in nausea
due to gastric disorder.

Cerium oxalate.

Chloroform 2 ms. on sugar internally.

Cold compress, ice bag over the
stomach.

Counter-irritation over the pit of
stomach.

Nervous Affections—

Aletris alternated with hypophos-
phites in nervous exhaustion.

Ammonium bromide.

Arsenic liquor 5 to 10 ms. or arsen
hsemol in nervous affections due to
malaria.

Bromine salts — as bromalin, bro-
mipin, bromo-hsemol — as nervine
sedatives.

Caffeine hypodermically in insomnia,
and dorso-intercostal neuralgia.

Exalgin.

Gold and sodium chloride.

Orchitic extract is of great benefit.

Phosphorus given in over-excitement

Iodoform.

Nasal douches and nasal injections.

Potassium iodide, large doses 10 to
20 grs., in syphilitic affections of
the nose.

Silver nitrate locally.

Sulpho-carbolate 5 grs. to 1 oz. as
solution locally by a probe to
the nasal mucous membrane to
diminish sensibility.

Suprarenal gland extract internally.

Zinc salts as chloride 2 grs. to 1 oz.,
sulph. carbolate 5 grs. to 1 oz.,
solution locally ; oxide as ointment
for application inside the nose for
impetiginous eruptions..

Electricity.

Hoffman’s anodyne if nausea be due
to excessive use of tobacco.

Heat — hot water sponge, hot saline,
hot flannel over the epigastrium.

Ingluvin, orexine, pepsin internally.

Koumis.

Leeches to the pit of the stomach.

Lime water.

Mercury pil. hydrarg. or calomel
useful in obstinate cases.

should be used with care as it leads
to fatty degeneration of internal
organs.

Potassium bromide is highly useful
in hysterical, tetanic, epileptic and
other convulsions ; in spasmodic
diseases as chorea, insanity, acute
mania, insomnia, delirium tremens,
neuralgias, various vasomotor dis-
turbances as coldness, numbness ;
in various distressing pricking
sensations in the abdomen or epi-
gastrium ; in feeling like those of
rigors, palpitation or fluttering of
the heart.

NEURALGIA.

535

• Rubidium and its salts. Sodium phosphate used hypodermic-

Silver salts as chloride, phosphate, ally. It has reconstructive power

useful in sclerosis of the nervous equal to that of animal extracts,

centre and myelitis. Spermine.

Zinc valerianate in pill of special
value.

External remedies. — Actual cautery, blisters, dry cupping, baths with potassa
sulphurata, counter-irritants as alternate application of heat and cold, electri-
city— galvanic, faradic, shower baths in functional nervous disorders.

Formula. — Mixture: Spt. ammon. aromat., 3 drs. ; spt. chloroform, 2 drs. ;
ferri et quiniae citratis, 30 grs. ; liquor strychniae, £ dr. ; tinct. zingiberis, 2 drs. ;
aqua, 8 ozs. Dose — For hypochondriasis or mental despondency.

2. Spiritus etheris, 3 drs. ; spiritus chloroform comp., 1 dr. ; acid hydrocyanic
dil. , 5 ms. ; liquoris morphiae sulphatis, 1 dr. ; tinct. cardamomi comp., 6 drs. ;
aqua, 6 ozs. Mix. Dose — ^ for nervous cough.

Neuralgia— Gastralgia— Hemicrania— Hepatalgia— Otalgia — Ovarian Neural-
gia— Sciatica— Tic-douloureux—

Acetanilid monobrome as analgesic
is useful in facial and intercostal
neuralgia to relieve pain due to
inflammation of nerves.

Acids, carbonic acid gas as spray
along the painful nerve, or injected
into vagina to relieve pain of
uterine neuralgia ; perosmic solu-
tion with glycerin hypodermically
injected in inveterate cases of
neuralgia ; salicylic, locally 1 to
4 of lanolin in sciatica.

Agathin as anodyne and analgesic
4 to 8 grs. in sciatica.

Ammoniated copper in neuralgia
of the 5th nerve.

Ammonium salts as carbonate 5 grs.
in overworked and delicate ; chlo-
ride 10 grs. as a diffusible stimu-
lant in relieving facial neuralgia ;
valerianate in neuralgia of the face
and head and also of the uterus.

Amyl nitrite by inhalation in dysme-
norrheal neuralgia and in neuralgia
of the 5th nerve, also in extreme
pallor of the face.

Anodyne amyl colloid locally.

Antifebrin in facial or intercostal
neuralgia.

Antipyrin. To reduce circulation in
neuralgia of the fifth nerve associ-
ated with neuritis.

Antisepsin. Dose — 5 to 10 grs. In
facial neuralgia as an analgesic
in neuralgia of the 5th nerve.

Arsenic alone or arsenic bromide
improves the bodily nutrition ;
hence useful in malarial neuralgia,
with throbbing supraorbital pain
in angina and in trifacial neural-
gia.

Asaprol in neuralgia of syphilitic
origin.

Bromide of gold and arsenic is useful
in obstinate facial neu-
ralgias.

,, of iron' and potassium in
ovarian neuralgia.

Butyl chloride with menthol (1 to 2)
as an anodyne, 5 to 10 grs., in
facial neuralgia.

Carbon tetrachloride. The vapour
applied locally to painful nerves.

Chloral with morphine and camphor
used as a paint over the neuralgic
painful part.

Chloroform internally, or by inhala-
tion, or locally as an anaesthetic as
a spray to relieve pain in uterine
neuralgia, or 10 ms. of it deeply
injected hypodermically in the
vicinity of affected nerve.

Cod-liver oil to improve nutrition
and assimilation.

536

NEURALGIA.

Croton chloral in trigeminal neural-
gia and sciatica ; also in facial
neuralgia due to caried tooth.

Diet, animal, fat, butter, cream, oils.

Emplastrum roborans in intercostal
neuralgia.

Ether sulphuric locally as spray
to the forehead in neuralgic head-
ache due to fatigue or hypodermi-
cally injected behind the trochanter
in sciatica. Given internally in
visceral forms.

Ethyl bromide to relieve migraine.

Exalgin. Dose — 4 grs. internally.

Ferri citras with strychnine or ferri
redactum in chlorotic cases,
,, perchloride tincture 20 ms.,
with ergot in sciatica and in neu-
ralgia of fifth nerve.

Freezing the part with ether or
rhigolene spray.

Guaiacol as local anaesthetic painted
on the nerve in sciatica, &c.

Iodides are useful in neuralgia of the
5th nerve dependent on syphilis
to relieve nocturnal pain.

Methylene blue as analgesic 1 to 4 grs.

Nitro-glycerin drop doses of 1 per
cent, solution gives relief.

Peronine i to ^ gr. as a mild sedative
and analgesic.

Phenacetin 10 grs. in hysterical and
neurotic forms.

Phenocoll hydrochlorate is very use-
ful in neuralgic pains of influenza.

Phosphorus 2V is useful when
neuralgia is due to depraved
nutrition.

Potassium salts as bromide to relieve
ovarian neuralgia. Chlorate is use-
ful in facial neuralgia. Iodide with
sarsaparilla in syphilitic cases. Sali-
cylate locally in neuralgic head-
ache due to gastric, cardiac, pul-
monary or menstrual disorders.
Citrate to regulate the kidneys.

Salicin or salicylates, salipyrin, salo-
phen and salol in large doses is
useful in tic douloureux.

Strontium bromide.

Sulphonal,

Sulphur with ferri carbonas internally
or sulphur with flannel locally to
envelop the painful limb.

Theine hypodermically as an anal-
gesic very useful.

Tolypyrin or tolysol,

Tonga. Dose — 10 ms. in facial neu-
ralgia.

Warm bath or wet pack, in scia-
tica.

Zinc salts as cyanide, oxide, phos-
phide or valerianate, in facial,
ovarian or uterine neuralgia, due to
reflex irritation of pelvic organs.

External remedies.*- Acupuncture very satisfactory, aquapuncture to relieve
pain in a superficial nerve, avoid cold and damp, avoid electricity if any
organic lesion exists, baths (Turkish, sand bath), blisters (flying blisters
are useful), cautery (red-hot iron), Paquelin’s thermo-cautery, chloroform
and aconite liniment to rub to the affected area, compressed air by insuffla-
tion into the middle ear in tempero-occipital neuralgia, counter-irritation,
as mustard poultice, blisters, actual cautery, electric wire brush, to relieve
neuralgic pain, cupping (dry) between the shoulders, flannel clothing, galvan-
ism (continuous), interrupted or faradic current, hot foot-bath, intense cold
by spray of methyl chloride or of carbonic acid (concentrated) directed
over the affected nerves, leeches, massage of nerve with glass rod in sciatica,
neurectomy or excision of a nerve, neurotomy or nerve stretching, in scia-
tica the thigh flexed at the hip joint and forcibly extended at the knee,
plasters, poultices, rest is important, absolute rest in splint as sciatica, rube-
facients are useful, shampooing, spinal ice bag, thermo-cautery, wet pack is
useful in sciatica.

NEURASTHENIA.

537

Neurasthenia-

Acid cocodylic.

Aromatic spirit of ammonia is very
useful.

Arsenic as liquor arsenicalis 3 ms.
after each meal is very serviceable.

Cerebrin is very beneficial.

Chloralamide 10 to 20 grs. as a hyp-
notic.

Counter-irritation. Actual cautery
above the spine.

Gaduol.

Gold bromide and arsenic solution
4 ms. is very useful.

Hypophosphites of lime or soda
or iron alone or with strych-
nine is given as tonic in nerv-

ous depression and mental torpor,
due to over-work or over-study.

Massage, systematic use of it is use-
ful.

Musk as a stimulant and antispas-
modic, stimulates the nervous cen-
tres when exhausted.

Orchitic extract is very useful.

Removal from home influence, cares,
and associates who irritate them.

Rest cure.

Spermine.

Zinc oxide as a nerve sedative and
tonic is useful in nervous irritabili-
ty and depression from anxiety,
worry, and over-study.

Diet. — Food that is most readily assimilable. Avoid milk, vegetables,
meat.

Use artificial serum. It contains sodii phosphatis, 3 drs. ; sodii sulphatis,
1^ dr.; sodii chloridi, \ dr.; acid carbolici, 5 grs. ; distilled water, 4 ozs.
Dose— 20 ms. Used hypodermically.

Neuritis —

Acetanilid.

Antipyrin is useful in acute cases
with fever.

Antisepsin 5 to 10 grs.

Arsenic alone or with ammonium
bromide is useful in relieving pain.

Gold bromide and arsenic to relieve
pain.

Interrupted current in the later stage.

Naevus —

Acid carbolic hypodermically.

,, chromic. Locally 100 grs. to
1 oz. of water used as an
escharotic.

,, nitric as an escharotic used as
a paint in capillary superficial
naevus.

Antimonium tartaratum plaster.

Collodion flexile as a paint.

Constant pressure.

Creosote locally applied is very use-
ful in removing naevi.

Electrolysis or galvano-cautery re-
moves it safely, leaving a faint
cicatrix and no after-pain.

68

Massage in the later stage when
there is marked atrophy and less
pain.

Passive movements and extension
to overcome contraction.

Potassium iodide and mercury if
there is history of syphilis.

Salicylates very useful in acute
cases.

Ferrum chloride useful as injection.
To be avoided in naevi about the
head.

Guttapercha.

Ligatures.

Mercury acid nitrate, an excellent
caustic to remove naevi from the
face.

Pressure.

Scarifications or short incisions.

Setons — thread passed through the
naevi and kept till suppuration
occurs arrests the growth.

Silver nitrate solution injected hypo-
dermically.

53»

SORE NIPPLES

Sodium ethylate liquor, an excellent
caustic. It causes eschar, but no
pain.

Nipples— Sore, Fissured and Cracked —

Acids as boric locally ; carbolic 5 per
cent, solution as compress ; picric
(1 to 60) solution for fissures or
chaps ; salicylic alone, a 4 per
cent, solution, or with tannin and
borax and vaseline as application ;
sulphurous acid alone as solution
or with glycerin applied locally.

Alcohol, or brandy and water, used
as a lotion to prevent cracking"
before delivery or after each
suckling.

Alum as dusting powder.

Bismuth oleate locally.

,, salts, as subnitrate or sub-
gallas, as dusting powder.

Borax alone as saturated solution or
with creta preparata and alcohol
or with alum, balsam of Peru and
almond oil, a useful application.

Brandy, hot tea and glycerin solu-
tion as application.

Breast pump.

Chloral hydrate as poultices.

Chloroform with guttapercha appli-
cation.

Collodion alone or paint very useful
for protection with castor oil and
turpentine.

Eau de cologne and glycerin as a
good protection.

Nodes—

Cadmium iodide internally.

Donovan's solution internally in
syphilitic nodes.

Mercury oleate with morphine
locally is very useful.

Nymphomania —

Acid sulphuric dilute internally if
due to haemorrhoidal congestion.

Bromide of potassium, sodium or
strontium 20. grs. when there is
plethora ; avoid it when there is
relaxation or any cerebral lesion.

Vienna paste of caustic potash and
lime.

Zinc chloride, iodide and nitrate as
escharotic locally.

Earth moss as dusting powder.

Ferrous subsulphate solution with
glycerin (r to 3) is used as a paint
for fissured nipples.

Glycerin alone or with starch or
with tannin, very useful applica-
tion.

Guttapercha solution and chloro-
form locally.

Hazeline as ointment locally.

Ichthyol with lanolin application to
fissures.

Iodoform with collodion (1 in 15)
locally.

Lead acetate and opium as lotion
or poultice ; lead nitrate (1 in 50) of
glycerin or (1 in 8 of lard) as
ointment.

Lime water a good application for
cracked nipples.

Orthoform hydrochloride 10 per cent,
solution as a dusting powder.

Silver nitrate (1 in 50) solution,,
used as a paint applied locally to
the nipples in cases of ulceration.

Sulphuric acid with tannate of gly-
cerin (1 to 1) with water as lotion*

Yolk of egg.

Zinc shield to wear constantly over
the nipples.

Potassium iodide as ointment also
internally in periosteal thickening
and nodes due to syphilis, to
relieve nocturnal pains.

Cerebrin has been given with bene-
fit.

Orchitic extract is very useful.
Sulphur if haemorrhoids exist..

ODONTALGIA.

539

Odontalgia — Toothache, caries of the teeth —

Acid as carbolic or nitric on
cotton to plug the cavity to
destroy exposed nerve.

,, hydrochloric locally and inter-
nally.

Alum and common salt, powdered, is
useful if placed in the cavity
if the nerve is exposed.

„ solution with nitric ether (i to
3), an excellent application into the
cavity.

Arsenious acid 10 grs. with morphia
acetas 10 grs. and creosote 10 ms.
used as escharotic to destroy the
pulp, the nerve and to relieve the
pain.

Butyl chloral hydrate as a plug if
neuralgic.

Chloral alone should not be used if
caries exist ; with camphor equal
weight, or with camphor, glycerin
and carbolic acid, equal parts,
applied on cotton and plugged in
cavity relieves pain.

Chloroform or croton chloral alone
or chloroform with creosote on lint,
a good application into the cavity.

Creosote alone like carbolic acid, or
wkh tannin, or opium, or chloroform
gives great relief if placed in the
cavity of a decayed tooth.

Dentifrices.

Dentine sensitive to fill the cavity.

Electricity.

Extraction of tooth.

Incisions over the gum.

Iodine tincture as a paint to remove
tartar or to expose fang.

Menthol locally as plug.

Naphthalin with chloroform (1 to 12)
as plug into the cavity.

Resorcin like creosote.

Sodium salicylate 15 grs.y relieves
toothache if due to taking cold
and periostilis in which the teeth
are very loose and very tender and
painful when eating.

Tooth brush to remove the mucus
deposits.

Zinc chloride to destroy the exposed
painful pulp.

Formula. — Creosote, chloroform, ol. menthae pip., ol. caryophilli, ol.
camphor, acid carbolic, each equal part, soaked cotton to be placed in
the cavity of decayed and painful tooth.

Iodoform, \ dr. ; ol. peppermint, 5 ms. ; ol. bitter orange, 1 m. ; ol. lemons, 2 ;
tr. benzoin co., 1 m. Mix as a paint.

Chloroform, 3 drs. ; tr. aconite, 3 drs. ; tr. capsici, 1 dr. ; tr. pyrethri, ^ dr. ;
ol. caryophilli, 4 drs. ; camphor, 4 drs. Mix. Apply to the teeth and gums
to prevent pain.

Arsenious acid, 5 grs. ; morphia acetas, 10 grs. ; oleum caryophilli, 10 ms.
Mix as a plug. To destroy the irritability of the nerve.

Tinct. iodini, tinct. opii, chloroform, liq. plumbi subacetatis aa 2 drs.;
upon cotton to fill the cavity.

Onychia and Paronychia —

Acid, carbolic, locally to benumb the
surface during incision.

Arsenic 1 in 250 of lard is a highly
useful application.

Avoid cutting the ingrowing portion.

Chloral hydrate solution as antiseptic
locally applied promotes healing.

Ferri perchloridum locally.

Iodine, strong solution, locally ap-
plied subdues pain.

Iodoform with glycerin and ether, a
fine application in syphilitic cases.
Lead carbonate plaster or as cushion
very useful.

,, nitrate dusted over relieves-
pain and promotes healing.

54°

OPHTHALMIA.

Lint or wool under the ulcerated sur- Silver nitrate, strong1 solution, in ni~
face. trous ether or with glycerin

Liquor potassse 2 drs. to 1 oz. on applied locally over the adjacent

cotton wool locally applied to tissue will abort or cause resolu-

margin of nail and at ulcerated tion of the inflammation,
surface to soften the nail. Sodium chloride roasted until chlorine

Mercury ointment followed by poul- is driven off and then with caustic

tices. soap and turpentine as a poultice

Paring the nail after softening in to stop the pain and to abort,
warm water. Tartar emetic ointment useful to

render it milder.

Ophthalmia-

Acid acetic aromatic with spiritus
etheris nitrosi. Lotion in
purulent conjunctivitis.

,, boric solution 15 grs. to 1 oz.
of glycerin as an antiseptic
collyrium in diphtheritic and
catarrhal ophthalmia.

,, carbolic, 5 per cent, solution, by
spray to relieve pain and
photophobia.

,, carbonic, locally, in strumous
cases to relieve pain.

Alum with white of eggs or with
belladonna (1 to 150) locally to the
temples. Alum (1 in 60) applied
in catarrhal purulent ophthalmia ;
alum stick in granular conjunc-
tivitis.

Antimony tart. gr. internally or
as ointment as counter-irritant in
strumous ophthalmia.

Argenti nitras solution, 2 grs. to 1 oz.
of water locally, after a wash with
a solution of common salt.

Arsenic in strumous ophthalmia
complicated with skin eruptions.

Beta naphthol in purulent cases.

Bismuth as dusting powder in gra-
nular conjunctivitis or as applica-
tion in catarrhal or strumous
ophthalmia.

Boro glyceride (1 to 16) application
in catarrhal ophthalmia in newly-
born children and in chronic granu-
lation.

Cadmium sulphate 2 grs. to 1 oz. as
collyrium in catarrhal and puru-
lent forms.

Calcium sulphide with saccharum
lactis in purulent cases.

Calomel as a dusting powder in
catarrhal phlyctenular ophthal-
mia.

Copper salts as acetate 1 gr. to 1
oz. or sulphate alone or with
alum 1 gr. to 1 oz. as collyrium
in catarrhal granular or purulent
ophthalmia.

Eserine in purulent ophthalmia and
in chronic cases.

Formaldehyde in purulent ophthal-
mia.

Hydrogen peroxide in purulent
cases.

Iodine locally in chronic strumous
ophthalmia.

Iodoform locally in gonorrhoeal
ophthalmia.

Iron pyrophosphatic syrup (1 in 25).
Dose — 1 dr. to children in diphthe-
ritic cases.

Lead acetate as lotion (1 in 500)
applied to the surface of everted
lids.

Leeching in purulent cases.

Mercury bichloride lotion 1 gr. in 16
ozs. of water ; or oleate and mor-
phine locally under the lids in
catarrhal cases ; or red oxide 2 grs.
with bals. tolut. 10 ms. and vaseline
locally used in catarrhal ophthal-
mia ; or yellow oxide, 10 grs. to
1 oz. of lard locally in catarrhal
phlyctenular ophthalmia.

Resorcin in purulent cases.

Sanitas fluid in purulent cases.

OPIUM HABIT.

54 1

Silver nitrate 3 grs. to 1 oz. as drops
to abort the discharge in catarrhal
conjunctivitis ; 10 grs. to 1 oz. in
purulent ophthalmia of newly-born
children ; or 20 grs. to 1 oz. in
granular lids.

Sodium benzoate solution locally in
ophthalmia neanstorum, or borate
5 grs. to 1 oz. as astringent catar-
rhal, or sulphate as a dusting
powder, or chloride solution 10 grs.
to 1 oz. in catarrhal ophthalmia.

Zinc salts as acetate as astringent
collyrium in catarrhal cases, or
chloride as collyrium 2 grs. to 1 oz.
in diphtheritic and gonorrhoeal
ophthalmia, or oxide as solution
in catarrhal form, or sulphate with
alum 1 gr. to 1 oz. of water as
collyrium in ophthalmia of infants.

External remedies. — Blisters behind the ears in bad cases; cleanliness; hot
or cold compresses ; isolation ; protection to the eyes by smoked glasses ; rest
to the eyes ; fomentation of warm water.

Opium Habit —

Ammonium bromide with sodium
bromide and potassium bromide,
a combination in large doses with
Fowler’s solution, does not depress
vitality, relieves restlessness,
and secures freedom from any
more desire for opium ; often given
with spt. etheris nitrosi to eliminate
the bromides rapidly.

Chloral hydrate alone or with bro-
mide in large doses is very useful.

Gold bromide and arsenic a good
tonic.

Gradual reduction of the drug.

Hot baths are useful to relieve dis-
quiet.

Iron and strychnine mixture. Moral
courage and perseverance.

Otalgia —

Blister or croton oil liniment behind
the ear, to relieve the pain.

Chloral hydrate internally.

Chloroform as a swab.

Cupri sulphas injection (1 to 100)
into the ear.

Ether vapour to tympanum.

Glycerin drops if the meatus is
dry or olive oil for accumulation
of wax in external meatus.

Heat, dry, locally.

Lead acetate with acetic acid and
opium on cotton as an application
into the ear.

Nitro-glycerin very useful. The
effect is rapid, but ephemeral.

Paraldehyde i-dr. dose is a good
hypnotic, better than trional.

Sodium bromide |-dr. dose with
codeine and trional relieves rest-
lessness and secures freedom from
desire for opium.

Trional 30 grs. is a good hypnotic.

Washing out of stomach with a solu-
tion of sodium bicarbonate neu-
tralizes hyperacidity of the stom-
ach and thus relieves the dis-
tress.

Leeching behind the ear.

Mercury iodide TV gr. internally if
pain is due to chronic catarrh.
Nasal douche — irrigation.

Silver nitrate (1 in 6) solution with a
brush to the tympanum.

Soap and warm water solution in-
jection by syringe.

Zine oxide with starch as in
suffiation.

,, sulphate with opium as drops.

542

OTITIS.

Otitis-

Acid carbolic with glycerin 20 per
cent, as drops, to relieve the
pain.

„ monochlor acetic drops or plug
with cotton.

Blister or acetum cantharides as a
paint behind the ear and kept dis-
charging in chronic cases.
Otorrhcea —

Absorbent cotton to swab.

Acids, as boric, alone, finely pulver-
ized as disinfectant and astringent
or as solution locally injected or
mixed with alum and lycopodium
and used as dusting powder.
Carbolic acid as solution (1 in 500)
to remove foetor and pus. Nitric
acid as 4 per cent, solution locally.
Salicylic acid 4, with acid tannic
6, and bismuth 90 or acid salicylic
5 per cent, with alum 3 per cent,
and ferri sulph. 3 per cent, as
dusting powder.

Alcohol with water as injection.

Alum alone as insufflation or with
acetate of lead or sulphate of zinc
as dusting powder.

Bismuth subgallate or subnitras as
insufflation or tampon 5 per cent.,
introduced after syringing with
a 3 per cent, boric lotion.

Cadmium sulphate 2 grs. to 1 oz. of
rose water locally.

Calcii sulph. with alum and bole
armenian as dusting powder.
Chloral hydrate 10 per cent, solu-
tion as drops into the middle ear.
Cotton wool as absorbent, locally,
to keep pus removed from the
canal.

Cuttle fish bone, garlic, rue, pty-
chotis ajuwan, camphor, each 90
grs., used as a dusting powder.
Fluosilicate of sodium (2 in 1,000) as
solution for injection.

Ovarian Affections —

Bromohsemol.

Bromides.

Bromipin.

Leeches behind the ear.

,, to the mastoid process or ir?
front of the ear.

Potassium iodide, in chronic catarrh.

Hyd. bichlor. \ gr. with acid tartaric
20 grs. and water 6 ozs. as injection.

Inflation, a useful adjunct in keep-
ing secretions out of tympanum
and breaking up adhesions.

Inspiration prolonged and then ex-
piration with closed nostrils.

Liquor sodse chloratse 20 ms. to 1 oz.
as an injection when the discharge
is foetid.

Mercury-brown citrin ointment
locally in chronic cases.

Potassium permanganate (1 in 500)
as injection, or spray, or as
wash.

Resorcin 1 per cent, with cocaine
2.\ per cent, locally.

Salol and camphor, equal parts,
heated together, useful to relieve
pain and to check inflammation.

Salicin with magnesia for insuf-
flation.

Sanitas oil locally as a wash.

Silver nitrate solution 4 per cent,
locally.

Sodii bicarbonatis or sodii chloridi as
hot solution (1 to 150) to syringe.

Styrone solution 10 grs. in 4 ozs. of
spirit ; 1 dr. in 2 ozs. of warm water
as injection.

Tannin glycerite drops especially
in children.

Thymol with acid boracic 50, dust-
ing powder.

Zinc sulphate locally 5 grs. to 1 oz.

Glyceri no-phosphate.
Ichthyol.

OVARIAN NEURALGIA.

543

Ovarian Neuralgia — Irritability (non-inflammatory) —

Ammonium chloride 30 grst with
aconite tincture 5 ms. internally.

Antipyrine with soda salicylate (1 to
2) internally.

Baths, hot.

Ferri iodide syrup, gold and
sodium chloride, as tonic inter-
nally.

Glycerin and belladonna tampon to
the os.

Ovaritis (acute and chronic) —

Blisters to the ovarian region or to
the cervix uteri to relieve pain.

Bromine to diminish ovarian irrita-
tion.

Cohabitation avoided.

Complete rest.

Enemata of warm water, simple or
medicated in subacute form, is of
great use.

Gold salts useful in dropsy of the
ovaries.

Ice to the painful part in acute
cases.

Iodine paints to the ovarian region.

Leeches to the os.

Mercurial ointment with belladonna
and camphor application to the
seat of pain.

Ovarian extract is very useful.

Oxaluria —

Acids as lactic to aid digestion,
nitric or nitro-hydrochloric 10 ms.
internally if there is malaise,
depression of spirits, also if scia-
tica or rheumatism co-exists with
oxaluria.

Calcii lactophosphate or carbonate
internally.

Ozsena —

Acid, carbolic, alone as 1 per cent.

solution, or with iodine or
with aqua picis as inhalation
from atomizer.

,, salicylic as a wash, followed
by application of calomel in

Hot water as vaginal injection.

Leeches over the groins or inside
the thighs if pain persistent or
tenderness and aching.

Liquor sedans, to relieve irritability.

Spiritus etheris composite 30 ms. as
a palliative of pain.

Zinc bromide or valerianate to lessen
irritability.

Ovaries to be removed.

Parotid extract internally to relieve
enlarged and tender ovary with
menorrhagia.

Plumbi iodid, conium and belladonna
pessaries each 1 dr. to 1 oz. of
cocoa butter.

Potassium bromide as hypnotic in-
ternally.

,, iodid and veratria inter-

nally.

Poultices, linseed, with anodyne
locally.

Ring pessaries to keep uterus fixed,

Tartar emetic ointment as counter-
irritant over the seat of pain in
subacute cases.

Vaginal douche, hot.

Cold douche followed by friction
over the rheumatic joints if accom-
panied with oxaluria.

Mineral acids to remove eructations
of sulphuretted hydrogen.
,, waters.

Zinc sulphate relieves irritability of
the nervous system associated
with dyspepsia and oxaluria.

powder if ulceration of the septum
exists or acid alone 1 to 500 for
injection as cleansing, astringent
and disinfectant wash by retro-
pharyngeal syringe.

544

PAIN.

Aluminum salts as sulphate as solu-
tion i dr. to i pint for irrigation ;
aceto-tartrate to correct foetor ;
chloride as solution.

Bismuth subgallate with sulphur
iodide and liquorice, or bismuth
subnitras, alum, tannin and talc,
or bismuth subnitrate i dr. with
quinine io grs., iodoform 5 grs.
and sodium biborates 1 dr. as
snuff.

Bromine with alcohol as inhalation.

Calcium chloride 5 grs. or calcium
sulphide 2 grs. with decoction
krimerise 1 dr. as nasal injec-
tion.

Carbo animalis, cinchona, myrrh
and caryophilli as snuff.

Glycerin and tannin by irrigation.

Gold salts are very useful in syphi-
litic cases.

Hydrastis fluid extract internally or
locally as lotion (1 to 50).

Hydrogen peroxide solution as
spray — a nice application.

Iodine solution alone or with gly-
cerin and carbolic acid as

Pain — After-pains, chest pains,
flammatory pains, &c. —

Acetanilid, its derivatives and allied
compounds ; as agathin, ammonal,
analgen, analgesine, antikamnia,
antikol, antinervin, antipyrin,
exalgin, exodyne, febrinol, mala-
kin, migranin, neurodin, phenace-
tin, phenatol, phenolid, pyretine,
quinalgen, salfene, kaputin, ther-
modin, &c., are useful internally
to relieve rheumatic pain, and
that due to locomotor ataxia ;
locally as a dry dressing for
wounds and ulcers.

Acid, carbolic, as local anaesthetic.

Antipyrin hypodermically as an
analgesic is useful to relieve pain
of gout, rheumatism, neural-
gia, migraine, &c. It should not
be given if pain be due to local
inflammation.

inhalation, or iodine with ether
and ol. juniper, 5 ms., for in-
sufflation.

Iodoform 5 grs., ether 10 ms. and
sanitas oil 5 ms. in vaseline 1 ounce
as application.

Listerin solution for injection.

Mercury nitrate ointment in syphi-
litic form or the mercury red oxide
1 or calomel 1, or white precipitate
1 with sugar 60 as snuff.

Potassium permanganate solution
1 dr. to 1 pt. as spray or injection
through the tooth alveolus in
disease of the antrum.

Salol as insufflation is very useful.

Silver nitrate (1 in 50) as injection
or locally applied behind veil of
palate.

Sodium salts as chloride (1 in 150)
or the concentrated solution for
douche.

Strontium iodide in scrofulous
ozsena.

Tannoform as dusting powder.

Thymol, with starch locally.

pains, pain of rheumatism, in-

Chloral has no direct pain-relieving
power with morphine. It procures
sleep and thus relieves pain.
Should not be given if the heart is
feeble or in old drunkards. A
good remedy in pain of colic, gall-
stones, rheumatism, gastralgia,
and cancer.

Chloroform 2 or 3 ms. locally into
the ear in earache, into the cavity
of the tooth in toothache ; the
vapour on raw cancerous surface
and in uterine neuralgia used
as inhalation in biliary or renal
colic.

Cold, as ice application, is very use-
ful if pain is due to inflammation.

Ether spray for local anaesthesia or
as inhalation for general anaes-
thesia.

neuralgic

PARALYSIS

545

Galvanism of the affected nerve
gives relief.

Guaiacol as hypodermic injection or
locally applied with olive oil (i to i)
or as a paint with glycerin (i tp i).
It is a useful anaesthetic in re-
leaving pain of orchitis, tuber-
culosis, gout, rheumatism, sciatica,
&c.

Heat. Application is useless if there
is fever or the pain is due to in-
flammation.

Hot water bath is very useful.

Iodides as ammonium iodide 3 grs,
to 1 oz. of olive oil locally to

Paralysis, Paresis-

Ammonium carbonate and ammo-
nium iodide to promote cerebral
nutrition and to aid absorption of
the thrombi in cases of incipient
hemiplegia.

Antimoniate ointment over the great
fontanelle (scalp).

Arsen-hsemol or arsenious acid in
cerebro-spinal sclerosis.

Basilicon ointment.

Baths, cold showers.

Calcium lactophosphate in infantile
paralysis.

Cantharis tincture in paraplegia lo-
cally to the spine.

Cod-liver oil with lactophosphate
and strychnine when the nutrition
is low and assimilation faulty.

Electricity, faradization of the affect-
ed muscles, localized electricity,
in confirmed spinal paralysis.

relieve syphilitic pains in the head '
if worse at night.

Iodoform ointment or suppository to
relieve painful affection of the rec-
tum or bladder.

Lactophenin is a useful analgesic
and non-toxic.

Phenocoll hydrochloride 12 grs. as
an analgesic to relieve pain of
influenza, gout and rheumatism.

Warm injections to soothe the pain
of cystitis, prostatitis and pain in
the abdomen.

Electricity to be avoided in recent
cases.

Ferri et ammonia citras cum strych-
nine.

Galvanism is of use in hemiplegia.

Glycerino phosphates internally.

Issues and setons.

Massage is useful in infantile para-
lysis.

Mineral waters.

Orchitic extract is useful in general
paralysis.

Passive exercise.

Phosphorus alone or with cod-
liver oil or with almond oil in
paralysis due to softening of
the brain, in hysterical paralysis
and in paraplegia due to excessive
venery.

Spermine internally.

Sulphur electuary or as bath.

Paralysis Agitans — Trembling Chorea — Tremors —

Arsenic or arsen haemol, alone or
with opium and hyoscyamus.

Electricty, constant current, over
the spine and along the course of
the nerves.

Glycerino-phosphates.

Hypophosphites as syrup is very
beneficial.

Orchitic extract is very useful.

69

Phosphorus in small doses with cod-
liver oil is very useful.

Potassium iodide to promote absorp-
tion.

Sodium borate 15 grs. internally is
very useful.

Spermine.

Sulphur baths are of great value.

546

PAROTITIS.

Parotitis—

Avoid chill.

Diaphoretics.

Guaiacol.

Incision if suppuration occurs.
Leeches when pain is great and
relieved by hot fomentations.

Pemphigus—

Antipyrin internally to relieve itch-
ing.

Arsenic liquor internally 5 ms. on
full stomach is very efficient in
chronic form.

Cleanliness is very essential ; avoid
contagion.

Cold-water dressing if applied is use-
ful.

Liquor carbonis detergens.

Liquor plumbi subacetatis or mer-
cury bichloride as lotion or a
wash.

Pericarditis-

Ammonium carbonate or musk as
stimulant internally.

Antimonialis pulvis with calomel.

Blisters, flying during the exudation
stage.

Counter-irritation useful at com-
mencement, but not in the acute

*

inflammatory stage.

Ice to the prsecordia during inflam-
mation in the early stage.

Iodine paint over the cardiac region
in the second stage.

Periostitis —

Ammonium iodide in syphilitic cases
is very useful.

Hot fomentation to relieve pain.

Incision deep and free, if great
tension exists or tendency to
suppuration.

Iodide of potassium in syphilitic or
non-specific periosteal thickenings.

Peritonitis — Acute, Inflammatory or Puerperal —

Mercury, as grey powder, | gr. to
relieve pain and swelling.

Poultices of flaxseed meal.

Purgatives, saline.

not Stimulant if symptomatic or as a
sequel of other diseases with
adynamic symptoms.

Mercury as citrin ointment is very
useful.

Potassium iodide with good simple
diet and cod-liver oil is very useful.

Puncturing the blebs as soon as they
are formed.

Silver nitrate 2 grs. to 1 oz. of alco-
hol as a paint over the excoria-
tions after the bullae have burst.

Zinc oxide with boracic acid and
starch or buckwheat flour as
dusting powder.

Iron chloride tincture in large doses
in the second stage.

Leeches to the praecordia.

Paracentesis by aspiration in the
second stage is required.

Potassium iodide (dose — 5 grs. in the
second stage).

Poultices, large, hot, and repeated.

Salicin, in rheumatic variety, inter-
nally.

Leeches to relieve pain, if the
patient is sthenic, in acute cases.

Mercury, as calomel, internally, or
as oleate with morphine locally.

Poultices, hot and thin and large,
frequently to be repeated after an
early and free incision.

Acetanilid, phenacetin or antipyrin
as antipyretic.

Antimony pot. tart. gr. to shorten
the attack and to render it more
mild.

Calcis sulphurata with milk sugar
I to | gr.

Calomel with opium and belladonna.
Ice to the abdomen or internally to
suck, to assuage vomiting.

PERITONITIS

547

Mercury oleate by inunction
absorb fibrinous exudation.
Milk injection by rectum.
Potassium permanganate.

to Purgatives or aperients to be avoid-
ed if peritonitis is due to perity
phlitis or to appendicitis.

Strepto croccus antitoxin very useful.
Warberg’s tincture, i to 2 drs.

External remedies . — Blisters, counter-irritants, heat to the abdomen, steam
or hot fomentation, depletives over the abdomen with tincture opii to relieve
pain, injections, antiseptics very useful, iodine paint to the abdomen, ice to the
abdomen, leeches in the early stage to the groins or to the anus, poultices (hot
and large), rest (absolute), rectal tube through the rectum, water compress to
the abdomen.

Peritonitis, Tubercular—

Antiphlogistine.

Arsenic, very useful in children with
peritonitis and tuberculosis of the
intestines.

Cod-liver oil inunction ot;; fric-
tion over the abdomen is very
useful.

Guaiacol carbonate.

Maragliano’s serum.

Laparotomy — opening the abdomen,
cleaning and draining, is bene-
ficial.

Spermine.

Tapping gives great relief.

Perspiration, Foetid — Night Sweats — Bromidrosis.

Acid acetic as lotion.

,, boric, solution to remove the
foetor.

,, carbolic 2, with glycerin 3, and
water, for foetid sweat.

,, salicylic alone as deodorant in
solution with borax and
glycerin ; or acid salicylic 2
with dried alum 3 or acid
salicylic with tannin, talc
and starch, or with magne-
sium salicylate as a dusting
powder.

,, sulphuric aromatic to check
sweats of phthisis.

Aluminum oleate checks the foetid
sweat in the axilla and groins of
children.

Arsenic ^ to ^ gr. in old persons
with swelled feet.

Chloral hydrate (1 in 50) to remove
the foetor, used as foot-bath.

Iron salts as sulphate, arsenate or
chloride with glycerin to check
perspiration, locally as a paint to
the soles and interdigital spaces.

Lead acetate 1 with linseed oil 1,

or lead ointment locally applied
round the sweating feet.

Naphthol a 5 per cent, ointment
or alcoholic solution is very useful
application for local sweating.

Oils rubbed on the whole body
checks sweats.

Potassium salts as permanganate
(1 in 500) as a wash for foetid feet
to check perspiration ; tellurate
and ferrocyanide.

Rest for swelled feet.

Salicin to check profuse sweats of
hectic fever.

Sodium salts as bicarbonate or
chloride as antiseptic solution to
remove the foetor.

Sponging with acidulated water or
very hot sponging is very use-
ful.

Zinc oleate to control foetid sweats
in the axilla or groins ; also
night sweats of phthisis.

,, oxide 3 grs. with extract bel-
ladonna | gr. at bed-time checks
sweats of phthisis.

548

PERTUSSIS.

Pertussis— Whooping Cough-

Acid, carbolic, or cresylic 2 per
cent, solution. The vapour is
used as inhalation by steam
atomizer with benefit.

,, hydrocyanic to relieve nervous
sympathetic cough.

Allyl tribromidum, a nerve sedative
internally 5 to 10 ms. or as hypo-
dermic injection 2 to 3 ms.

Alum with belladonna (1 to 50) as
inhalation, or 2 to 5 grs. with
glycerin or honey internally after
the acute stage has passed and
no complication exists.

Ammonium liquor (1 in 20) as inha-
lation.

„ salts as bromide, chlo-
ride, to liquefy the bronchial
secretion. Picric acid with am-
monii murias and glycerrhiza
gives relief internally.

Amyl nitrate with carbolic acid as
inhalation by steam atomizer is
very efficient.

Antikamnia.

Antipyrin and phenacetin very useful.

Benzol and carbolic acid as spray
by a vapour atomizer to be diffused
throughout the room, avoiding
a light or fire as a pulmonary
antiseptic.

Bromide of ammonium and potas-
sium to relieve spasm.

Bromoform 5 to 20 ms. alone by
inhalation instead of ether or
chloroform or 2 to 5 ms. with
glycerin and alcohol internally ;

local ansesthetic on the mucous
membrane of the pharynx and
larynx, very useful to relieve
paroxysms and to reduce their
number.

Cantharis vesicatoria locally in
chronic stage.

Chloral hydrate in small doses in the
spasmodic stage to relieve spasms.

Formaldehyde, formalin, gas from
the gas works, as spray very
useful.

Hydrogen per oxide 1 dr. with
water 4 drs. given internally cuts
short the paroxyms and lessens
the duration of the disease.

Mercury salts as hydrargyri iodi-
dum rubrum, sulphuretum or
nigrum, internally very useful.

Naphthalin burned in the room is
very useful as a palliative and
curative.

Potassium salts as bromide with
belladonna, potassium chlorate to
keep the mouth and pharynx
clean, potassium cyanide or ni-
trate by inhalation.

Resorcin in solution locally applied
to the pharynx to abort the attack
is a nice prophylactic for children
living with those suffering from
the disease.

Silver nitrate is useful after the
acute stage has passed.

Zinc oxide or sulphate \ gr. with
extract belladonna very useful.

Formula. — Croton chloral, 30 grs. ; etheris, 40 ms. ; potass, bromid., i| dr. ;
tinct. belladonnse, 25 ms. ; tinct. hyoscyami, 60 ms. ; syrup, 4 ozs. Dose —

2. Acid carbolici, 1 m. ; tinct. iodinii, 5 ms. ; tinct. belladonnse, 10 ms. ;
alcohol, 10 ms. ; syrup, 4 drs. Dose — |.

3. Aluminis, \ dr. ; ext. conii, 10 grs. ; syrup rhoeados, 2 drs. ; aqua
anethi, 3 ozs. Dose — £.

Pharyngitis— Pharyngeal Catarrh— Relaxed Sore Throat-

Acid, carbolic, with peppermint Acid nitric, diluted, with cinchona
water gargle. infusion internally ; undiluted

,, hydrochloric, locally applied acid applied locally to sloughs

in ulcerated sore throat. or ulcers.

PHARYNGITIS.

549

Acid sulphurous, by spray, inhala-
tion or fumigation, as an antisep-
tic in foetid or ulcerated sore
throat.

Alcohol, diluted, as gargle in relaxed
sore throat.

Alum gargles in chronic cases.

,, with tannin, krameria, &c.,
as insufflation into the throat.

Ammonii acitatis liquor with guaia-
cum and cubeb if rheumatic or
gouty tendency exists.

Ammonium chloride 2 grs. with
tincture cubeb 15 ms. checks acute
pharyngitis.

Antipyrin 4 per cent, as spray.

Arsenic iodide 1 gr. with milk
sugar 6 grs. and water 1
ounce. Dose — 1 dr. is use-
ful in diphtheritic sore
throat.

Borax with glycerin, althea and
salicylate solution as gargle.

Bromine, locally, in ulcerated sore
throat.

Chloral hydrate given internally or
applied externally in ulcerated sore
throat.

Chlorine water as gargle in malig-
nant cases.

Copper sulphate solution, locally
as spray.

Eucalyptus oil as a spray or inhala-
tion.

Ferri perchloridum as gargle.

Glycerin with tannic acid, locally
applied in chronic cases.

Glycozone locally applied in follicular
pharyngitis.

Iodine tincture locally to ulcers.

Inhalation of steam or medicated
vapour or of pulverized fluids by
atomizer is of benefit.

Iron with quinine and strychnine as
tonic.

Mansel's solution as a paint.

Mercury salts as bichloride (1 in
2,000) alone or with morphine
as a gargle in syphilitic ulcers ;
the oleate in acute tonsillitis ; or
the acid nitrate locally for ulcera-
tion.

Methylene blue solution as an appli-
cation in simple ulceration of the
throat.

Potassium chlorate lozenges inter-
nally or with carbo-
lic acid as a lotion or
gargle, to stimulate
the follicular secre-
tions.

,, nitrate dissolved in the

mouth to abort sore
throat.

,, permanganate as gar-

gle.

Resorcin strong solution locally ap-
plied is very useful.

Salol with sugar of milk internally
or with peppermint as gargle.

Silver nitrate as stick locally to the
diseased follicle after
scraping, or solu-
tion.

,, 10 grs. to 1 oz. locally

on sponge probang in the early
stage or on brush or as spray in
the chronic stage in sloughing or
relaxation of the throat.

Sodium borate with sodium bicarbo-
nate and carbolic acid solution
as gargle or dry powder as in-
sufflation in clergymen’s sore
throat.

External remedies. — Rest to voice, cultivation of beard, electric cautery,
water compress round the neck.

Mixture. — Tinct. myrrh, 1 dr. ; tinct. krameria, 1 dr. ; honey, 4 drs. ; acid
muriatic dil. , 1 dr. ; Tr. cinchona rubra, 4 drs. ; aqua, 6 ozs. In chronic sore
throat. Dose — ^ part.

Spray. — For atomization : alum, tannin, zinci sulphatis, cupri sulphatis,
equal parts, in water (1 in 15) as solution.

550

PHLEBITIS.

Inhalation of steam, medicated with o
flowers, opium, belladonna, conium, tin

Phlebitis — Inflammation of veins —

Blisters over the course of the in-
flamed superficial vein.

Hamamelis, internally, very useful.

Hot fomentations and poultices.

Ichthalbin internally.

Incision of abscesses early and
freely made.

Diet. — Nutritious, wine if loss of blood
styptics to arrest haemorrhage.

Phlegmasia Alba — Dolens— White Leg-

Acid, hydrochloric, dilute 60 ms. with
barley water 6 ozs., and potas-
sium chlorate 4 drs., taken inter-
nally.

Ammonium carbonate in full doses,
to relieve prostration.

Bandaging in the later stage after
acute symptoms have subsided.

Blisters in the early stage are very
useful.

Douche (hot and cold) alternately
in the advanced stage.

Phlegmon— Erysipelas-

Acid, carbolic, 2 per cent, solution as
injections very useful.

Iodine injections after evacuation.

Potassa sulphurata \ gr. is very
useful.

of the following hops, chamomile
benzoin co., or with acetic acid.

Lead and opium as a wash.

Mercury — calomel or blue pill at
the beginning.

Rest.

Stimulants as quinine and iron.

, milk punch to combat depression,

Fomentations with anodynes to
relieve pain.

Hamamelis.

Leeches in the acute inflammatory
stage.

Mercury oleate and belladonna equal
parts as ointment is of great
benefit.

Water compresses in the early
stage.

Silver nitrate, strong solution, to be
applied in the vicinity, a good
check.

Sulphides, to abort or to promote.

Phosphatic Diathesis— Phosphaturia—

Acid, lactic.

,, nitric.

Avoid drugs which are calculated to
lower the vital powers, such as
salines, mercury, colchicum, alka-
lies.

Photophobia —

Arsenic liquor, internally, in
strumous cases with photophobia.

Chloroform-vapour applied to the
eye gives speedy relief.

Croton chloral 5 grs. in syphilitic
cases in the young.

Benzoates.

Diet, generous.
Glycerino phosphates.-
Hippurates.

Tonics.

Glasses of cobalt blue.

Mercury — calomel by insufflation.
Potassium citrate very useful if given
internally.

PHTHISIS.

551

Phthisis — Acute Miliary Tuberculosis — Galloping Consumption — Chronic
phthisis. The complications are hectic fever, cough, haemoptysis, nightsweats,
fainting and diarrhoea.

Acid carbolic § dr. with creosote
1 dr. and iodine 1 dr. in alco-
hol (1 to 12) to relieve dyspnoea.
Lactic 10 ms. well diluted to allay
cough. Phenyl acetic acid alcohol
solution, to diminish cough and
expectoration. Phenyl propionic
acid 20 ms. in excavation cases.
Salicylic acid to sweeten foul
breath or foetid expectoration.
Sulphurous acid by inhalation,
spray or fumigation in chronic
phthisis.

Alum with ammoniae liquor as a
counter-irritant to the chest.

Ammonium salts as borate 5 grs.
combined with codea, as carbonate,
or as chloride with squills and
senega, to allay cough. Ammonium
iodide, as ointment to the chest.

Antimony tartrate ointment as coun-
ter-irritant to the chest.

Antipyrin or phenacetin in small doses
is very useful for the hectic fever.

Antitoxin.

Arsenic liquor 3 ms. given internally
in the early stage is very useful ; to
be avoided in caseous phthisis or
if much hectic. It may be given
by fumigation or as cigarettes.
Under its use diarrhoea lessens and
temperature diminishes.

Aseptolin solution hypodermically in
germ infection.

Benzoscl contains 54 per cent, of
guaiacol. Given internally yields
up guaiacol in the intestines with
good results.

Calcium salt as liquor, chloride or
calcium phosphate. Given to check
diarrhoea in chronic cases* with no
fever.

Calomel with pepsin and opium, in
tuberculosis.

Chloroform alone or with creosote
as inhalation, short of anaesthesia

or internally alone or with glyce-
rin and honey as a germicide
gives relief in the cough in fibroid
phthisis and dyspnoea.

Cacodyle, an organic compound
used hypodermically in cases with
softening of tubercles or with
excavations.

Cod-liver oil alone is used as food in
chronic form with cajuput oil as an
emulsion to rub over the chest com-
bined with gentian or with lime
w’ater or with ether when the sto-
mach is irritable. Given internally
after meals with liquor ammoniae
and hot water. As a vapour used
for inhalation.

Creosote 1 m. is effective in the ini-
tial stage of the disease ; with arse-
niate of sodium and capsicum or
with whisky and glycerin it pro-
motes sclerotic changes and thus
recovery may occur. It should be
largely diluted, to prevent irritation ,
with alcohol and spirit chloro-
form. It may be given by inhala-
tion in tuberculosis. With calcium
hydrochlorate or with carbonate
(cresotol) or as valerianate or as
phosphate it is very useful to re-
lieve cough, diminish expectora-
tion, stop night sweats, decrease
fever, increase weight, promote ap-
petite, and improve local condi-
tion.

Dionin.

Ether or alcohol with cod-liver oil.

Eucalyptol 3 with turpentine 3,
creosote 3, ether 2, iodoform £, by
inhalation. To diminish cough and
foetor.

Euphorbia pilulifera internally.

Europhen with creosote internally
or as an inunction (1 to 20) of
olive oil is of benefit even in the
breaking-down stage.

552

PHTHISIS.

Ferri chloridi liquor (i dr. to i oz.) in
profuse expectoration is locally
applied in laryngeal phthisis, to
diminish irritability and soothe
cough.

Formalin i with glycerin 4 and wa-
ter 40 as spray in the early stage.

Gold chloride, iodide or bromide and
arsenic internally in fibroid phthi-
sis with cavities.

Guaiacol carbonas 6 grs. very effi-
cient, better borne than creosote in
tuberculosis.

Helenin |to 2 grs. internally.

Hydrogen dioxide solution 1 dr., with
water 3 drs.,very useful to promote
digestion to increase the activity of
chalybeate remedies and to relieve
cough.

Hypophosphites of calcium, potas-
sium, sodium, ammonium, and iron
are nervine tonics and useful in
chronic cases.

Ichthyol I m. is useful like cod-
liver oil.

Ichthalbin internally to regulate the
digestion and increase assimila-
tion.

Iodine tincture or ferrous iodide is
useful.

Iodoform or iodole 1 gr. with lyco-
podium or with pepsin or pancrea-
tin internally in bacillus tubercu-
losis has proved effective in de-
stroying bacillus of tuberculosis.

Koumiss — fermented milk of cows.

Diet. — Nutritious and digestible. Malt
Plenty of meat.

Lead acetate, to check hsemorrfiage
and night sweats.

Malt extract alone or with cod-liver
oil.

Meat, raw or peptonized, alone or
with phosphates.

Mercury bichloride TUo§'r‘ internally
checks diarrhoea.

Mineral acids as hydrochloric dilute
for indigestion.

Naphthol camphor 2 ms. in olive oil
hypodermically is useful.

Nuclein is recommended.

Pancreatic or pepsin emulsion, with
or without cod-liver oil.

Plumbi acetas, to diminish expecto-
ration, to check haemorrhages, and
to lessen sweats.

Potassium salts as chlorate, hypo-
phosphite, iodide, phosphate, as
alterative in phthisis ; tellurate
is used to check night sweats.

Sanguis bovinus exsiccatus.

Sevum preparatum boiled in milk.

Silver nitrate £ gr. or copper sul-
phate Y2 oz. or bismuth 20 grs. to
check diarrhoea.

Sodium salts as arsenate, ben-
zoate, chloride, hypophosphite,
phosphate, sulpho carbolate or
tellurate.

Spirit frumenti with cod-liver oil and
bitters after meals is very useful.

Tuberculin.

Zinc oxide 2 grs. with belladonna
i gr. to check hectic fever.

liquors better than wine or spirits.

External remedies. — Sponging the chest with whisky and alum, baths,
Turkish baths to allay cough, sea bathing if no fever, and free from deposit of
tubercles, blisters to the chest (flying blisters are very useful), sea voyage,
enemata of starch and opium, washing out the stomach with warm water and
borax, ice to the chest if the fever is very high, plaster (mustard) to the chest,
setons (subclavicular), exercise (moderate), eau de cologne, acetic acid and
water to the chest, inoculation of lymph from cultures of tubercular bacilli,
iodine liniment painted under clavicles to allay cough and check secretion,
warm clothing, climate — suitable.

Hypodermically . — Anti-phthisin serum ; antituberculous serum ; hypodermi-
cally or by rectum ; camphor oil in case of cavities ; gold cyanide ; iodine with
chloride of gold and sodium ; compound solution containing iodine \ gr.,

PITYRIASIS*

553

bromine fa gr., phosphorus gr., thymol and menthol each f gr., iodoform
and linseed oil(i in 1,000), naphthol with camphor and olive oil, iodine solution
or compound tincture i to 4 of water ; of this 5 to 10 ms. is used as intrapul-
monary injection either through the intercostal spaces in front or in the
axillary region.

Inhalations. — Acetophenone, acid carbolic £ dr. with thymol \ dr., tere-
bene | dr. in hot water 20 ozs. to relieve cough and dyspnoea ; acid hydro-
fluoric and air, acid sulphurous, aniline with 1 to 7 of eucalyptus oil, or anise,
peppermint, gaultheria oils to destroy the tubercle bacilli ; benzin and
naphthol, bromide and naphthol, chlorine gas from chlorinated lime, chloro-
phenol very useful, chloroform with creosote and alcohol, iodine solution t
to 3 ms. as antiseptic inhalation in chronic phthisis to lessen cough and
expectoration, iodoform or iodine 44 grs. with creosote 4 ms., carbolic acid'
4 ms., eucalyptus oil 8 ms., chloroform 48 ms. and alcohol or ether 20 ms. as
an antiseptic inhalation (dose — 4 drs.), thymol with borax camphor and
aqua picis.

Formula. — Liniment camphor, liniment saponis, liniment belladonna, each
4 drs., ol. cajuputi dr. To apply to the chest.

Pills. — Digitalis ipecac. opii 4, ext. helenii 1 gr., quinine 2 grs.

Pill. — Acid carbolic 10 ms. pulv. carbo ligni \ dr., bismuth subnitrate 1 dr.,
ext. colocynth comp. 12 grs., ext. hyoscyam. 4 grs. Make a pill mass.
Dose — 4 grs. each in harassing cough and vomiting.

Pityriasis — Pediculi— Dandruff—

Acid acetic or vinegar is very useful
to kill the nits. It softens the
adhesive chitin by which the ova
are glued to the hair.

Alkalies in mild cases.

Arsenic and mercury iodide as a wash.

Bake clothes to destroy ova.

Baths with hard rubbing, sulphur
baths.

Benzole, a nice application to de-
stroy pediculi capitis or pubes or
dandruff.

Carbolic acid with glycerin and
water locally.

Cleanliness is highly essential.

Emollients, cod-liver oil locally as a
coating in severe cases.

Ether as a wash over the parts kills
lice.

Guard against the use of towels,
brush, &c.

Ichthyol ointment.

Insect powder.

Isolation is very important to pre-
vent infection.

Mercury, Donovan’s solution, in
obstinate cases, citrine ointment
locally to the hairy parts of the
face ; corrosive sublimate 1 per
cent, solution, of which 1 to 10 ozs.
of water as a bath; mercury sul-
phate flava ; colomel, 5 per cent.,
as ointment inordinary dandruff;
nitrate of mercury or yellow
iodide 1 to 8 as ointment ; hydrar-
gyri ammonio chloridum with olive
oil and tincture tolutani is useful.
5 per cent, solution of oleate of
mercury in oleic acid with ether
locally applied by a brush kills the
ova and hence very useful in pity-
riasis, dandruff, &c.

Naphthol and vinolia soap (1
in 1 2).

Parasiticides.

Petroleum locally.

Phenyl as a wash.

Plumbi acetate liquor with glyce-
rin and water as lotion in cases
where there is inflammation.

70

554

PLAGUE, BUBONIC,

Pumice stone locally*

Sapo viridis with alcohol and water
as a wash.

Soap liniment for shampooing and
for cleanliness.

Sodium chloride as a wash.

Sulphides, as potassa sulphurata,
i dr. to 8 ozs. of lime water as a

Tar or sulphur ointment i dr, to i ox,
of vaseline.

Thyroid extract as a stimulant of the
cutaneous circulation.

Yolk of egg, beaten up with lime
water and alcohol* a good sham-
pooing mixture.

lotion.

Formula. — Shampooing mixture containing borax, yolk of eggs with iim©
water, and alcohol.

2. Zinc oxide i dr., plumbi carbonas
as a paste locally applied.

Plague, Bubonic-

Alcohol may be given if there is
prostration.

Ammonium carbonate in the later
stage.

Antitoxin.

Calomel in full doses,, followed by a
saline, relieves vomiting.

Chloral 20 grs. with potassium bro-
mide 30 grs. to relieve suffering
and induce sleep.

Fresh air — abundant supply.

Glycerin clyster 2 ozs. if costive-
ness.

Hyoscine

Ice bags or cold to the head in
headache and high fever.

Iodine liniment as paint to the indo-
lent bubous swellings.

Liquor iodi terchloridi.

Pleurisy— Pleuritis— Pleurisy with effusion

dr, , cetaceum 1 oz., olive oil 1 oz.

Mercuric chloride with carbolic acid
and cocaine or with potassium-
iodide solution as injection into the
gland gives relief.

Overcrowding to be avoided.

Potassium bromide 20 grs, and mor-
phia.

Salol 10 grs. as intestinal antiseptic
if diarrhoea is urgent.

Supra renal extract.

Sponging the body with warm water
to reduce the temperature better
than antipyretics.

Vaccination by Haffkine’s protective
inoculation should be used with
care.

Yolk of egg mixed with lime as a
plaster to the gland.

Antimony tartras to ^ gr. in the
early stage, in sthenic subjects
with high fever.

Antipyrin is useful to promote ab-
sorption of the effused products.

Diuretin to cause absorption of
pleuritic effusions.

Guaiacol to promote absorption of
effusion.

Iodine tincture as a paint to the
chest one day on each wall alter-
nately and as injection is very use-
ful in hydrothorax and empy-
ema.

Magnesii sulphas, concentrated solu-
tion, as a hydragogue cathartic
promotes absorption.

Potassii acetate increases urinary
flow and promotes absorp-
tion.

Tf iodidi to promote absorp-
tion of effusion.

Sodium chloride 15 grs. internally
causes absorption. When exuda-
tion is persistent, sodium chloride
solution 1 in 15 of water sterilized
and injected causes absorption of

the effusion.

External remedies . — Tapping the chest when fluid occupies more than
half the cavity, turpentine stapes, water (wet pack to the chest during

PLEURODYNIA.

555

inflammation), thoracentesis by aspiration between the 7th and 8th rib if
there is chronic effusion, bandage (4 inches broad), blisters (to be avoided dur-
ing the inflammatory stage), blood letting by cupping or leeches, counter-
irritation to relieve pain, compression of the healthy side of the chest, cotton
jacket, fomentation by flannel and hot water, ice poultices or jacket poulti-
ces (large, hot and frequent, covered with belladonna or poppy extract), plaster
(mustard), strapping the affected side of the chest.

Formula. — For dry pleurisy — Tr. veratri viridis, \ dr.; potassii acetatis,
4 drs. ; morphiae acetatis, | gr. ; potasii citrates, 2 drs. ; syrupi tolutani, 4 drs.
aqua, 6 ozs. Mix. Dose —

Pleurodynia — Intercostal Myalgia — Intercostal Neuralgia —

Acupuncture.

Blistering is often very useful.

Chloral hydrate made liquid with
equal weight of camphor rubbed
gently gives relief.

Emplastrum roborans.

Ether spray is very useful to remove
the pain.

Glycerole of chloral and camphor,
is useful in intercostal neuralgia.
Plumbism — Chronic Lead Poisoning —

Acid sulphuric diluted.

Anodynes, to relieve colicky pains.

Electricity if paralysis occurs.

Magnesii sulphatis with dilute sul-
phuric acid to remove lead from
the intestines.

Pneumonia-

Acid nitro-hydrochloric dil. in the
later stage and in asthenic patients.

Ammonium salts as the bromide,
the chloride, or the carbonate 3 to
5 grs., or the aromatic spirit $ dr.
is given during crisis or if great
depression.

Antipyrin 8 grs. with morphine ^
and camphor 2 grs., to reduce
pyrexia, in catarrhal or croupous
pneumonia.

Calomel of exceptional value, calo-
mel with camphor and opium or
with antimony and henbane. In
olive oil it is used hypodermically
in fibrinous pneumonia.

Copper acetate.

Diet, mucilaginous drinks and star-
chy food.

Ethyl iodide 5 ms. by inhalation
during the catarrhal stage.

Iodine ointment or paint applied to
the chest gives relief.

Menthol useful in intercostal
neuralgia.

Nerve stretching.

Poultices (very hot) are useful, to
be renewed from time to time.

Rest obtained by applying strips of
plaster to the chest.

Sodium salicylate 15 grs. internally.

Potassium iodide with bromide.

Potassa sulphurata baths (1 oz. to 1
gallon).

Eucalyptus useful in gangrenous
cases.

Iodides, ammonium iodide with
arsenic to prevent caseation of
inflammatory products.

Phosphorus is useful if low typhoid or
nervous symptoms appear.

Potassae liquor. Dose — 10 ms. in

advanced cases, with sputum
scanty and viscid.

Sodium carbonate or iodide or
paracresotate or sodium salicy-
late with caffein internally in the
catarrhal form.

Tartar emetic as ointment or inter-
nally at the commencement with
alcoholic stimulants in the weak ; it
may benefit young and robust
subjects.

556

POLYPUS.

External remedies. — Antiphlogistine, a preparation composed of acid boracic„
acid salicylic, iron carbonate, glycerin, gaultheria, peppermint, eucalyptus and
iodine combined with dehydrated oxide or silicate of magnesia and alumina.
Used as a poultice.

Baths (cold bath), bleeding, blisters to lessen the pain at the very begin-
ning or at crisis (to be avoided in the inflammatory stage), compresses (cold),
cupping (dry), inhalations (chloroform, to relieve cough), ice bags, ice poul-
tices, inhalation (oxygen, or hot steam), rest in warm room, sponging (cold),
strapping the chest, wet pack to the chest tightly pressed to prevent motion
of chest wall.

Polypus (Nasal — Uterine)—

Acid, acetic glacial, used as injection
into the polypus will cause it
to shrivel up and to drop off.

,, carbolic and glycerin locally.

,, chromic and tincture of iron
locally.

Alum locally to point of origin after
removal to prevent recurrence.

Pregnancy Disorders—

Alum, tannin or catechu used in the
form of pessaries if there is pro-
fuse vaginal leucorrhoea.

Bismuth, calumba, and antispas-
modics with opium for gastralgia,
gastrodynia, pyrosis, &c.

Calcium phosphate given during
pregnancy has influence on the
foetus, so that mothers may bear
healthy children if former ones
were rachitic or scrofulous.

Diet — Milk is the best diet for albu-
minuria.

Enema very useful.

Prolapsus ani —

Acid carbolic, hypodermically into
the ischio-rectal fossa in prolapsus
ani.

Alum in solution 6 grs. to i oz.
locally applied with benefit.

Electricity.

Ferrous sulphate 15 grs. to water
2 ozs. as an enema.

Prolapsus uteri—

Alum solution 6 grs. to 1 oz. locally
or as a hip-bath ; 1 lb. to 1 gallon
of water as. a vaginal douche.

Astringents.

Bromide of potassium,

Electricity.

Iron chloride solution applied in-
terstitially.

Sodium ethylate with alcohol i to 8
solution as caustic.

Surgical operation — to be seized with
a pair of forceps and twisted off at
the neck.

Zinc chloride injected interstitially
into naso-pharyngeal polypus.

Injections tobe used with great care,
as they often lead to uterine con-
tractions.

Iodine tincture internally for cardi-
algia.

Mercury, blue pill, to correct clay
coloured stools.

Potassium acetate with liquor ferri
et ammonise acetatis is
useful if there is anm-
mia with albuminuria.

,, bromide and chloroform

as an antispasmodic to relieve
dyspnoea.

Ice locally when the parts are in-
flamed.

Incision.

Iron perchloride tincture injection
(1 in 8) into the rectum.

Sulphur is of benefit as a laxative
and also relieves prolapse.

Glycerin tampon.

Ice locally to the parts if inflamed,
generally applied to the spine.

Pessaries or mechanical support of
some kind give temporary relief,.

PROSTATE.

557

Prostate (Hypertrophied — Enlarged) —
Alkalies as liquor potass® or as
alkaline salts, potassium citrate or
potassium acetate if there is irrita-
tion of the bladder with acid urine,
ammonium benzoate for cystitis
with alkaline urine, is very useful
internally.

Castration is often resorted to.
Iodine injection through the rectum
or a weak iodine ointment applied
by rectum.

Iodoform suppository in the rectum.
Testicles dried, given internally.

Prostatitis— Follicular Prostatitis or Prostatorrhoea —

Ammonium chloride with conium in-
ternally.

Borax and glycerin to wash out the
bladder.

Cantharides tincture i m. alone in-
ternally or with collodion as a
paint on one side of perineum in
prostatitis.

Chalybeate tonics with quinine and
strychnine.

Goulard’s extract for injection i dr.
to io ozs. of water.

Iron perchloride tincture if much
debility in prostatorrhoea.

Potassium salts as the bromide alone
or with atropine relieves irritabi-
lity and excitement. Potassium
iodide with byoscyamus internally
or with iodine tincture as solution
for injection into the rectum.
Potassium iodide with potassium
bromide and belladonna as injec-
tion into the rectum.

Silver nitrate solution 5 grs. to 1 oz.
applied to the prostatic urethra in
chronic prostatitis.

External remedies. — Bougie (locally introduced), flying blisters on each side
of the raphe of the perineum in chronic prostatitis, catheter aseptic soft for
enlarged prostate, avoid cold and exposure, cautery, electricity, hot injec-
tions to relieve pain, horseback exercise (avoided), leeches to the perineum,
venery (avoided), rest in bed, incision (perineal), suppository iodoform for the
rectum, avoid condiments and alcohol, cold water as injection or as douche.

Prurigo — Papular Eruptions —

Acid carbolic alone given internally
or with thymol as lotion, spray
ointment or as soap is useful in
prurigo senilis.

Aluminium nitrate 4 grs. to 1 oz. as
injection in prurigo on the vulvae.

Ammon, ichthyolate 1 to 6 of lard as
ointment in prurigo scroti.

Antipyrin is useful, given internally.

Arsen hsemol or arsenic liquor 5 ms.
internally is useful.

Baths— Turkish baths after anoint-
ing the skin, alkaline baths fol-
lowed by a carbolized ointment.

Borax, a saturated solution, 10 grs.
to i oz. of hot water is very useful
in pruriginous eruptions on the
mucous membrane of vulva and
vagina.

Calomel ointment in prurigo affect-
ing anus.

Chloral with camphor and petro-
leum.

Chloroform ointment as inunction.

Creolin ointment.

Creta gallica or creta preparata as
dusting powder.

Cyanide of potassium as lotion or
ointment.

Electricity when prurigo is due to
alteration in the cutaneous nerves.

Hot water as a wash.

Iodoform with cerate as ointment.

Mercury oleate with morphine.

,, bichloride 20 grs. with am-
monium chloride 30 grs. and wa-
ter 1 pt. used as a lotion to allay
itching in prurigo in the armpits.

558

PRURITUS ANI.

Sodium carbonate or salicylate 3 per
cent, solution locally as a wash.

Sulphides as potassa sulphurata as
ointment with tar and benzoated
lard is very useful.

Pruritus ani — Vulvae and Pudendi.

thema — Lice — Pediculi — Urticaria.

Acid boric 4 drs. to 1 pint of hot
water as lotion or as ointment
1 in 8 of lard or glycerin. It is
used in the diabetic form of
pruritis pudendi, also in pity-
riasis of the scalp.

,, carbolic alone internally or with
glycerin and water as lotion
or with glycerin as ointment
relieves itching in pruritus ani,
et pudendi, scrotal eczema.

,, salicylic as ointment to relieve
itching of pruritus ani et vul-
vae.

Alkalies, or alkaline sulphides as lotion
or alkaline baths, locally, followed
by an application of carbolized oint-
ment.

Alum as tampon or alum with zinc
sulphate as solution for pruritus
vulvae.

Aluminii nitras (1 in 80) as injection
or wash.

,, murias with white hellebo-
re and lard as ointment.

Antipyrin given internally relieves
itching, hence useful in nervous
pruritus, urticaria, lichen, erythema,
pemphigus vulgaris and lichen.

Arsenic liquor alone or with iron or
arsen haemol given internally re-
lieves itching of the nose accom-
panying asthma.

Benzoin tincture compound as a paint
very useful.

Bismuth salicylate and starch, as
dusting powder.

Chloral hydrate with camphor makes
a liquid which with vaseline
forms useful ointment.

,, with carbolic acid and vase-
line (1 to 8) is used as an ointment
locally added to dusting powders

Sulphur iodide with hydrargyri
ointment locally.

Tonics general and nerve tonics as
phosphorus, cjd-liver oil, &c.

Compare Eczema — Scabies — Ery-

or used as an insufflation it allays
heat and itching.

Chlorine — liquor sodas chloratse (1
in 16) diluted is used locally in
pruritus ani.

Chloroform ointment (1 in 8 of lard)
or chloroform with almond oil ap-
plied locally allays itching.

Corrosive sublimate with alum and
starch (1 in 2,500) or with ammo-
nium muriate or with acetic acid (1
in 40) is used as a lotion in pruritus
vulvae or to destroy lice.

Electric current.

Ichthyol with alcohol locally.

Iodine inhalation is useful in itching
of the nose or inner canthus.

Iodoform etherial solution or as spray
or as ointment (1 in 8) of lard is use-
ful.

Lead acetate with glycerin as paste
or the liquor diluted as lotion with
hyoscyamus, used locallyto relieve
itching of urticaria, pruritus pu-
dendi, especially when the mucous
membrane is red and excoriated.

Menthol is very useful.

Mercury salts as calomel ointment
is a good application, or bichlo-
ride or calomel with lime water as
black or yellow wash is very use-
ful in pruritus ani and in pruritus
vulvse et ani. Nitrate of mer-
cury as ointment in pruritus vulvas.
Donovan’s solution internally is
useful. Mercury oleate 5 per cent,
solution with morphine and ether
is useful locally applied with a
brush. Hydrargyri sulphureti ru-
bri with sulphur and opium is used
locally in itching.

Piperazine internally gives relief in
pruritus due to uric acid diathesis.

PSORIASIS.

559

Potassium salts as carbonate 3 drs.
to 4 ozs. of water as lotion. Po-
tassium cyanide as ointment (1 to
8 • of lard or as lotion 1 dr. to 1 pt.
of water for pruritus ; to be avoided
if there is abrasion of the skin.

Potassa sulphurata 1 to 100 of
water as a bath.

Resorcin alone in solution or with
glycerin and water applied locally
gives relief.

Silver nitrate solution 20 grs. to 1 oz.
of water very useful as a paint over
the affected part in pruritus vulvse.

Sodium salts as biborate 4 drs. and
morphia 8 grs. as dusting powder ;
bicarbonate in solution 1 dr. to 1

Formula. — Paint. — Mercury bichloride, 5 grs. ; bismuth oxidum, \ dr. ; acid
hydrocyanic dilute, \ dr ; lime water, 8 ozs. Made warm and applied.

2. Inunction. — Chloroform, 2 drs. ; liq. plumbi subacetatis, 2 drs. ; cam-
phor pulv. 20 grs. ; morphia acetas, 2 grs. ; hydrarg. ammon. chloridum,
10 grs. ; spermaceti, 2 ozs.

3. Lotion. — Hydrarg. perchl. 10, ammon. chlorid 60, acid hydrocyanic dil.
100, morph, hydrochl. 5, almond mixture, spirit rosemary and water.

4. Injection or wash. — Sodii biboratis, 6 drs. ; camphor, 1 dr. ; oleum
gaultherise, ^ dr. ; aqua, 4 ozs.

Psoriasis—

oz. as lotion locally.

Sodium hyposulphite with carbolic
acid, glycerin and water locally ;
sodium salicylate 10 grs. internally
in pruritus vulvae if due to dia-
betes.

Sulphur with oxide of zinc and opium
or with almond oil as application
in pruritus of the scalp.

Thymol with brick clay and vaseline
applied locally.

Tumenol as oil or powder dissolved
in alcohol, ether and water or
with glycerin is locally applied

Acid carbolic 1 to 4 of lard as oint-
ment.

,, chromic (1 to 50) locally in
psoriasis of the tongue.

,, nitric and nitro-muriatic internal-
ly if due to imperfect diges-
tion and assimilation.

,, salicylic, as ointment.

Ammonium iodide, chloride and
carbonas.

Aristol, an excellent application.

Arsenic alone as liquor, or arsenic
salts as arsen hsemol internally or
with hydrargyri iodide and extract
dulcamara or withmercuric iodideas
solution or arseniate of soda inter-
nally but never on empty stomach.

Baths — Turkish baths, alkaline baths,
sulphur baths, warm baths after in-
unction with oils and fats to lubri-
cate the skin.

Carbonis detergens liquor as lotion.

Copper sulphate solid locally applied
to the spots.

Electricity — constant current.

Exercise in the open air.

Gold preparation is useful in squa-
mous skin affections.

Hydroxylamine hydrochlorate with
carbonate of calcium solution used
locally.

Ichthyol locally, very efficient.

Lead acetate or iodide with glycerin
or with cerate as ointment locally.

Mercury salts as the bichloride as
baths ; mercury oleate or calomel
with mercuric nitrate ointment or
with unguentum hydrargyri oxide
rubri mixed with tar ointment is a
very useful application in patches
of obstinate psoriasis on hands.

Naphthol sulphur soap or naphtho!
ointment for the psoriasis of the
scalp, face and hands.

560

PTYALISM.

Sulphur with altheaor sulphur iodide
i to 6 grs. internally or as oint-
ment locally is very useful in
chronic form.

Sulphuris hypochloritis i in 8 as
ointment.

Thyol in a dry form as a dusting
powder is very useful — better than
ichthyol.

Thyroid extract internally is very
useful.

Oils — cod-liver oil, &c., used both in-
ternally and externally, very use-
ful in strumous cases to lubricate
the skin.

Phosphorus is a good substitute for
arsenic.

Pyrogallol pomade (i to 15).

Rest is essential.

Silver nitrate locally in psorasis of
the tongue and buccal mu-
cous membrane.

,, chloride ointment (1 in 60).

Diet . — Nourishing, frequently given in small quantities, vegetables given in
moderation.

Ptyalism — Simple Hydrargism — Chronic Mercurial Poisoning —

Acids as astringents in small doses Cessation of mercury internally or
given internally.

,, sulphuric with cinchona de-
coction internally as gargle in
mercurial ptyalism.

Alcohol diluted as a gargle.

Alum and tannin.

Astringents in excessive mercurial
ptyalism w'hen the gums are
swollen and excoriated.

Borax and glycerin applied locally
with benefit.

Chlorinated lime or soda, in weak
solution, to remove fetor.

Cobweb saturated with alum water
locally to the gums.

Formula. — Potassii chloratis, 4 drs. ; iodii biboratis, 2 drs. ; alum powder
2 drs. ; potassii permanganatis, \ dr. ; tr. cinchon. co., 8 drs. ; tr. myrrh, 8 drs.
tr. capsici, 8 drs. ; tr. krameriae, 8 drs. ; aqua, 8 ozs. — As a mouth wash.

locally.

Iodine tincture to paint the gums or
1 in 30 of water as a gargle.

Potassium salts as bromide with
belladonna or hyoscyamus very
useful in salivation of pregnancy,
potassium chlorate 1 dr. to 6 ozs.
as gargle in mercurial and simple
form or 10 to 28 grs. internally,
potassium permanganate solution,
potassium iodide internally in
mercurial ptyalism sometimes.

Zinc chloride 2 grs. to 1 oz. as
gargle.

Puerperal Convulsions—

Amyl nitrite by inhalation should be
used with caution as it may lead
to alarming haemorrhage.

Bromides in large doses by enema
are very beneficial.

Calomel and jalap.

Chloral with bromides given as a
rectal enema after the chloroform
inhalation is very useful to keep up
the effect.

Chloroform by inhalation, to be
avoided when convulsions are due

1

to cerebral haemorrhage.

Chloroform and chloral internally
are very useful.

Narcotics.

Nitroglycerin if albuminuria be
present.

Potassium bitartrate internally many
days before confine*
ment till it brings
about free action of
the kidneys and bow-
els, will prevent con-
vulsions.

,, bromide 1 dr. by the rec-

tum will prevent convulsions.

Saline purgatives are useful.

PUERPERAL FEVER.

56l

External remedies. — Ice to the head, venesection is useful if there is great
Cerebral congestion or vascular tension as shown by red face, full pulse, pulsa-
tion of the carotids ; compression of the carotids often stops or modifies the
attack. Wet pack to act on the skin for the rapid elimination of excre-
mentitious products as urea, tyrosin, &c.

Baths (hot water), cupping (dry) over the loin9, ice to the head and spine,
induction of labour, rest (perfect).

Puerperal Fever— P. Septicaemia —

Acid, carbolic, 1 in 20 solution, as
a preventive, to swab the uterine
cavity.

Alcohol given freely is of great
benefit.

Alkaline sulphites internally and
locally 15 to 20 grs. of magnesium
or calcium sulphite in the early
stage.

Creolin 2 per cent, as injection into
the bladder to prevent septic cys-
titis.

Curette for the uterine cavity to
remove the remains of after-birth.

Diet, liquid and nourishing and sti-
mulants.

Eucalyptus tincture of leaves, in
high fever.

Ferri perchloridi tincture with qui-
nine and strychnia.

Fomentation (hot water) as a pre-
ventive.

Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum gr.
internally.

Puerperal Mania-

Anaesthetics for inhalation as chloro-
form, ether, &c.

Chalybeates as ferri chloridi tincture
useful in anaemic cases.

Chloral alleviates the symptoms and
produces sleep.

Purpura Haemorrhagica —

Acid sulphuric is of benefit.

Alum, brandy or whisky and water
locally applied to the body by a
sponge is useful. To be avoided
if it produces chill.

Antipyrin as insufflation.

Brandy and wines are very useful.

Injections, intra-uterine of antisep-
tic remedies, but with caution.

Iodine locally to the hypogastrium.

Mercury bichloride solution r in
1,000 or 1 in 500 of vaseline as
inunction.

Permanganate of potassium in solu-
tion as injection or internally \ gr.
given with benefit.

Poultices, hot, to the abdomen.

Resorcin, 40 grs., is very useful.

Rest and quiet and careful nursing.

Sodium salts as hyposulphis, ben-
zoate, sulphite, sulpho carbolates.

Streptococcus antitoxin is very suc-
cessful.

Thymol alone (1 in 500) as lotion or
with eau de cologne to sprinkle
over diapers.

Venesection, if necessary.

Warburg’s tincture 4 drs. every four
hours if temperature is very high.

Potassium bromide given in sthenic
cases with good results.

Tartar emetic in repeated doses gives
good results.

Weaningis necessary in melancholia,
not so in acute mania.

Iron perchloride tincture if due to
anaemia is useful to arrest haemor-
rhagic tendency.

Ice to the abdomen.

Malt or meat extract.

Potassium salts, as chlorate, ci-
trate, nitrate, 10 grs., is very use-
ful.

562

PYROSIS.

Styptics as alum, tincture of iron, Sodii sulphatis with sulphuric acid,
ammonio ferric alum, &c., are use- Vinegar and water a good applica-
ful. tion to sponge the body.

Suprarenal gland.

Formula. — Tinctura ferri chloridi, 2 drs. ; liquor arsenici hydrochloridi, | dr.;

tr. zingiber, 2 drs. ; quiniae sulph., 40 grs
sum quassias, 6 ozs. Mix. Dose — 4 drs.

Pyrosis, Cardialgia — Hyperacidity of
burn —

Acid carbolic internally to prevent
fermentation ; hydrochloric dilute
before meals ; phosphoric dilute
before meals ; sulphurous dilute to
prevent acid fermentation of star-
chy food generally before meals ;
may be given after meals for alka-
line pyrosis.

Alkalies as ammonium bicarbonate
after meals.

Avoid vegetables, pastry, new
breads, &c.

Rachitis -Rickets-

Acid nitro muriatic as baths is very
beneficial.

Calcium salts as bromo iodide, lacto-
phosphate, lime water, lime carbo-
nate often combined with cod-liver
oil, calcium sulpho carbolate, cal-
cium phosphate and ferric phos-
phate combined, and calcium hip-
purate.

Cod-liver oil as best constructive
agent.

Cold sponging.

Diet, rich in phosphate of lime and

Rectum, Diseases of—

Acetanilid powder locally applied to
ulcers and fissures of the rec-
tum.

Iodoform as suppository to relieve
pain.

Phosphorus in chronic inflammation
of the rectum.

Potassium bromide 1 with glycerin
5, locally for fissures and painful
growths.

. ; acid phosphorici dilute, 2 drs. ; infu-

the stomach — Acid eructations, heart

Bismuth valerian with opium is use-
ful in pyrosis.

Cerium oxalate.

Charcoal lozenges.

Creosote like carbolic acid.

Lime water.

Liquor bismuth et ammon. citr.
Magnesium carbonate, rhubarb and
ginger.

Mercury if liver is deranged,
Tannalbin in hyper secretion.

other phosphatic salts, as oatmeal,
fish, full mineral diet.

Ferrous iodide as syrup.

Glycerino-phosphate and hypophos-
phites.

Massage and passive movements.

Morrhuol.

Phosphates of potassium, sodium,
iron.

Rubbing the body with salts.

Somatose.

Thymus extract is very useful.

Thyroid extract.

Purgatives.

Sulphur alone or with senna confec-
tion relieves irritability of the
rectum.

Surgical treatment : — Incision
through the mucous membrane
or to divide the sphincter to re-
lieve ulcer or fissure.

RECTUM, ULCERATION OF.

563

Rectum, Ulceration of—

Acid carbonic, locally per anum for
ulcers.

Chloroform as ointment to relieve
irritable ulcer of the rectum.

Copper sulphate with opium and qui-
nine internally and lotion locally.

Glycozone 1 in 12 of warm water
used as enema to relieve ulcer and
irritation of the rectum and lower
guts.

Hydrastis solution to rectal fissures,
fistula and prolapse.

Relapsing Fever —

Alcohol in some cases.

Aqua chlorini as abortive.

Calomel as a purgative if jaundice
or hepatic torpor exists.

Chloral if insomnia or delirium.

Cupping or leeching if headache is
severe.

Diet. — Milk diet ; beef tea.

Remittent Fever — Bilious Fever —

Antipyrin or phenacetin alone
during pyrexia to lower the tem-
perature or combined with quinine
during the remission.

Chloroform and oil for rubbing if
muscular pains co-exist.

Packing is very beneficial, to be

Rheumatism, acute and chronic —

Acid hydriodic syrup 2 to 4 drs. re-
lieves pain and swellings in
acute and subacute forms.

', salicylic 10 or 15 grs. or the sa-
licylates as amylium salicylate,
guaiacol salicylate, lithium sa-
licylate, or potassium or sodium
salicylate in solution with ex-
cess of alkalies is useful in sthe-
nic cases whose stomach can
bear it.

,, salicylic 2 drs., ferri pyrophos-
phate 1 dr., sodium phosphate
15 grs. and water6 ozs. (dose —
4 drs.), or salicylates as sodium
salicylate with oxalic acid
is very useful.

Iodoform in suppository to relieve
painful ulceration.

Mercury red oxide 1 to 8 of lard as
ointment for ulcers of the rectum
just within the anus.

Phosphorus internally to relieve
chronic inflammation of the rec-
tum.

Silver nitrate | gr. with opium £ gr.
and quinine internally or a solu-
tion 20 grs. to a pint by enema.

Injections — ice water if intestinal
or nasal haemorrhage.

Laxatives or cathartics in the begin
ing.

Potassium citrate as a cooling dia-
phoretic.

avoided if there is hepatic or
splenic congestion.

Potassium salts as citrate, bicarbo-
nate as cooling diaphoretic.

Purgatives as calomel and jalap or
salines afterwards.

Resorcin.

Warburg’s tincture.

Acid sulphurous by fumigation to
produce perspiration, to procure
sleep, and thus to give relief.

Agathin as analgesic and anodyne.

Alkalies or alkaline mineral waters,
or alkaline carbonate alone or with
vegetable acid is very useful for
flabby fat subjects until the urine
becomes alkaline.

Ammonium salts as bromide 10 to 15
grs. or carbonate 5 grs. to prevent
cardiac complication ; benzoate,
iodide, chloride, phosphate and
salicylates are very useful to re-
lieve rheumatism.

Antimonii sulphuratum in chronic

cases.

Antiphlogistitie.

564

RHEUMATISM.

Antipyrin, phenacotin and phenocoll
highly useful to relieve pain and as
a prophylactic and to reduce fever.
Arsen hsemol or arsenic and mercury
iodide as solution.

Arsenic is more efficient than sulphur,
in small doses is very useful.
Asaprol.

Cod-liver oil internally and externally
is very useful.

Cresalol 2 to 10 grs.

Euphorin 3 to 6 grs. as analgesic.
Ferric chloride tincture useful for
feeble, anaemic and nervous sub-
jects.

Guaiacol salol.

Ice and salt locally.

Ichthyol in 10 gr. doses is invaluable
as ointment 1 to 2 of lanolin or as
liniment with turpentine or with a
mixture of lanolin, olive oil and 30
per cent, of chloroform.

Iodine locally applied to relieve pain
round joints.

Iodoform 1 to 2 grs. with reduced
iron, internally.

Iron with salicylic acid prevents
anaemia which results from the
acid given alone.

Kairin useful to reduce the temper-
ature.

Lactophosphate of iron, lime and
quinine.

Lactopherin.

Lithium salts as benzoate, bromide
is useful to relieve wakefulness
and delirium in acute cases, and in
the chronic form when the smaller
joints are swollen and tender ;
iodide, carbonate or salicylate in
15-gr. doses give good results in
obstinate cases after acute attacks.
Magnesii borocitras or sulphate is a
useful remedy.

Mercury bichloride -g-U gr. internally,
mercury oleate and morphine lo-
cally.

Nuclein is very useful.

Oil morrhuse as inunction and inter-
nally.

Phenacetin, a safe antipyretic, alone
or with salol.

Phenocoll to alleviate pyrexia is very
useful.

Potassium salts as acetate is very use-
ful ; arsenite or bicarbonate, 30 grs.
in solution, given till it diminishes
fever and relieves joint symptoms ;
bromide alone or with vegetable
acid is used till the urine becomes
neutral or alkaline ; citrate or bitar-
trate 20 grs. gives good results ;
iodide alone or with opium relieves
nocturnal pains in chronic forms in
strumous and syphilitic subjects.
Nitrate restores saline constituents
of the blood, lessens the excess of
fibrin, checks cardiac complication,
but often leads to collapse. Per-
manganate £ gr. contains large
proportion of oxygen and thus
promotes transformation of lactic
into carbonic acid.

Propylamine chloride 3 grs. to re-
lieve pain.

Saccharin.

Salicin 10 to 30 grs. with or without
alkalies is very useful.

Salipyrin 10 to 15 grs. given for a
long time to prevent relapses.

Salol 10 to 15 grs. given for a long
time after acute symptoms have
subsided, very useful.

Salophen 15 to 30 grs. is an antitoxic
and very useful.

Sodium salts as acetate, arsenate,
benzoate, bromide, carbonate, di-
thio salicylate, hyposulphite, hip-
purate, iodide, paracresotate,
phosphate, salicylate 10 grs.
internally, also as a lotion (1 in 500).

Stimulants as spirit, ammon. aromat.

Strontium salts as bromide, iodide,
lactate and salicylate act strongly,
but do not derange the stom-
ach.

Sulphides as baths.

Sulphur waters locally ; also inter-
nally.

RHEUMATISM.

565

Trimethylamine 4 to 8 ms. is very Urea in large doses.

efficient in acute rheumatism and Vinegar vapour bath is very useful,
gout. Zinc cyanide and oxide.

Diet. — Very low, milk, gruel, barley water during the fever, liquid food
throughout. Lemon juice freely to be used. Avoid sugar, malt liquor, wines
alcohol, coffee, animal and saccharine food, starch. Farinaceous vegetables
are useful.

External remedies. — Acupuncture, alkaline baths, mineral baths, carbonic
acid baths, sulphides as baths, Turkish baths, cold and warm water baths
alternately, blisters small flying round joints, cold application if the skin is
hot and dry and temperature high, compress ice cold, faradization, flannel
next the skin — white flannel preferred, the red flannel gives rise to eruptions —
galvanism, hot or wet pack, joints to be wrapped with cotton and covered
with flannel, poultices, spongiopiline hot for the joints, splints to keep the
painful limb at rest, steam bath by pouring water on hot bricks in a tub is

very useful in muscular rheumatism.
Rheumatism, Gonorrhoeal —

Ammonium chloride very useful if
the muscles are affected.

Ferri perchloridi tincture internally
with quinine.

Potassium chlorate internally and as
urethral injection until the urethral
discharge has stopped.

Diet. — Nutritious.

Rheumatism, Muscular —

Ammonium chloride.

Chloral with soap liniment 1 in 6 is
very useful.

Diaphoretics with nitre or ammo-
nium salts.

Dry heat to the affected and painful
part.

Electricity, constant current, is of

Rheumatoid Arthritis—

Arsenic-sodium arsenate 20 grs. ;

washing soda 4 ozs. in
1 gallon of water as a bath.
,, in small doses internally is of
benefit if due to nervous affec-
tions.

Aurum bromide and arsenic useful in
arthritis deformans to relieve pain,
stiffness and swelling.

Cod-liver oil internally and locally is
very useful.

Electricity.

Ichthvol locally 5 per cent, ointment.

Iodides very useful if due to syphilis,
and to mercurial or mineral poison-

Potassium iodide with tonics and sti-
mulants followed by friction, sham-
pooing and passive movements of
joints, to be avoided in the acute
stage.

Rubidium iodide.

good service.

Gold bromide with arsenic is very
useful.

Lithium bromide is very efficient
when there is uric acid diathesis.

Potassium iodide with colchicum or
quinine is very useful.

Rest in bed.

in g.

Iodine tincture internally better than
potassium iodide.

Iodoform 10 with ether 20 and alco-
hol 20 as liniment used as paint
by a pencil over the painful joints.

Lithium bromide in acute and chro-
nic cases is very useful.

,, salicylate in 8-gr. doses in
water is useful in acute, pro-
gressive, subacute, chronic and
articular rheumatism where the
joints are deformed, swollen and
painful.

566

RHINITIS.

Methyl salicylate with colchicine.

Piperazine 15 grs. alone or with
phenocoll 15 grs. is useful in gouty
or rheumatic complaints for its
power over uric acid or urate con-
cretions.

Potassium bromide — to relieve

severe pain.

,, iodide in large doses

with guaiacum and bichloride of
mercury.

External remedies . — Actual cautery to the affected joints, adhesions may be
broken up under anaesthetics, cold douche, dry rubbing, flying blisters to
the joints, massage in chronic cases to give relief, passive movements,
baths, sulphur baths, Turkish baths.

Rhinitis — Post Nasal Catarrh — Atrophic Nasal Catarrh— Hypertrophic
Rhinitis —

Alkaline solution as nasal douche.

Astringents to stimulate the
mucous membrane, as nitrate
of silver and starch powder,
absorbent cotton, ferric alum
as spray.

Caustics for the removal of hyper-
trophy, as acetic acid, nitric acid,
nitrate of silver, electrolysis,
actual cautery, galvano cautery.

Disinfectants, as chlorine water, per-
manganate of potash, tar water,
iodoform, carbolic acid solution,
listerine, benzo-boracic acid.

Douche or injections — Zinc iodide
as solution (1 in 150), zinc sulph or
carbolate as solution (1 in 150),
ferric sulphate as solution (1 in
150), ferric chloride as solution
(1 in 150), potassium chlorate as
solution (1 in 50), potassium per-
manganate as solution (1 in 150J.

Dusting powders as arrowroot,
bismuth subgallas and starch,
alum, tannin, zinc sulphate.

Hydrogen peroxide locally.

Sulphanilic acid to relieve posterior
nasal catarrh.

Formula . — As a spray. — Iodine, 5 grs. ; potas iodi, 10 grs. ; zinc iodid,
20 grs. ; zinc sulpho carbolate, 30 grs. ; listerine, 1 oz. ; aqua, 4 ozs.

Alkaline 'wash. — Acid carbolic, 10 grs. ; sodii biboratis, 10 grs. ; sodii
bicarbonatis, 30 grs. ; glycerin, 2 drs. ; aqua, 4 drs.

Ring-worm — Inguinal— Tropical Ring-

Acids as strong acetic acid may be
applied to any part except the
scalp, followed by boric lotion as
a wash. Carbolic acid with
hydrargyri nitratis or hydrargyri
oxidum rubrum, sulphur and lard
as ointment.

Carbonis detergens liquor as paint.

Mercury, ammonium chloride oint-
ment, mercury bichloride alone,

•worm —

as lotion 1 in 250, or with iodine
as an application locally ; mercury
nitrate ointment, or mercury oxi-
dum rubrum ointment ; mercury
persulphate as lotion.

Naphthol locally 1 per cent, solution
or 5 per cent, as ointment.

Salicylic acid and collodion locally.

Sulphur with ol. cadini, creta pre-
parata and lard applied locally.

Sarcinae Ventriculi and Torulae Cerevisiae (Microscopic Fungi)—

Acid carbolic internally. Hyposulphites and sulphites to

,, sulphurous diluted internally destroy sarcinae and torulae.
before each meal. Potassium permanganate.

Saccharin.

SCABIES.

567

Scabies—

Acids, as carbolic, vinegar and
water, locally ; acid oxynaphthoic
with creta preparata and soft soap
for rubbing ; acid sulphuric dilute
internally ; acid sulphurous as
gaseous bath.

Alkalies as soaps or ointments to
remove cuticle and break up
burrows.

Baking of clothes to destroy the ova.

Beta naphthol ointment 10 per cent,
or alcoholic solution 5 per cent,
very useful.

Calcium sulphide lotion as a bath.

Chlorineand olive oil(chlorinatedoil).

Copper sulphate lotion 1 to 16 of

Scarlet Fever — Scarlatina —

Acids, hydrochloric, internally and
as a gargle ; salicylic acid as
an antiseptic very useful in malig-
nant sore throat.

Acid, carbolic, 1 m. internally and as
a gargle, a nice prophylactic, a
good remedy to check vomiting.

Alcohol in collapse.

Ammonium salts, as acetate, ben-
zoate, carbonate 3 grs. in milk, in
feeble circulation, cyanosis and de-
lirium.

Argenti nitras solution (1 to 16) to
the throat.

Arsenic if the tongue is red and
irritable.

Chloral with camphor very efficient
in calming the system.

Chlorine water prophylactic in
sloughing sore throat.

Ferri ammoniae citratis with carbon-
ate of ammonia.

,, perchloride tincture in ad-
vanced stage is of benefit when al-
buminuria or haematuria is present.

Magnesium salts, as bisulphite, hypo-
sulphite, oxide, sulphate as purga-
tive to prevent sore throat and
other sequelae.

Mercury as gray powder 2 grs. is

water after the crusts are removed.

Lasophan 80 per cent, iodine, 20 per
cent, locally.

Manganese dioxide 2 to 8 of lard
as ointment strong.

Mercury bichloride is very efficient,
but to be used with care, solution
locally.

Petroleum ointment.

Potassa sulphurata (1 in 15) locally.

Sulphur 2, quick lime 1, boil together
in water 10, an extemporaneous
sulphide, used locally.

Sulphur, chalk, tar, soap and lard,
a mixture less irritating, but more
certain as an application.

very useful if tonsils are inflamed.

Potassium salts as chlorate with
acid nitric or muriatic diluted
gives good results. Potassium
iodide in full doses is satisfactory
in result. Potassium permanga-
nate £ to 1 gr. internally and
locally to the throat is of benefit.

Purgatives to prevent albumi-
nuria.

Resorcin.

Salol 8 to 20 grs. internally alone,
followed with solution of carbolic
acid as gargles, to be avoided if
there is albuminuria or other com-
plications.

Sodium salts as hyposulphites.
Benzoate has a slow but more per-
manent effect on fever than salicy-
lates. Bromide with chloral if con-
vulsions occur ; sulpho carbolate
as a means of introducing carbo-
lic acid into the system, is very
useful ; salicylate is antipyretic.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi as a prophy-
lactic.

Sulphur as ointment or internally.

Water.

Zinc sulphate gr. very useful.

External remedies. — Acid boric as gargle ; acid carbolic 1 in 500 of w'ater
alone or with potassium chlorate as gargle ; acid carbolic with swTeet oil as

S68

SCLEROSIS.

inunction ; acid carbolic with liquor ferri subsulphate to paint the fauces ; acid
nitric, locally to the throat if sloughs form ; acid sulphurous, as inhalation or
spray or fumigation in sore throat ; antiseptics as gargle or locally to the nose
and throat ; baths (hot or cold) ; cold water emersion ; cold wet packing if the
temperature is above 104°, urine high-coloured and scanty and rash retroceding ;
■cold affusion ; cold compress if the temperature is very high. Ice to relieve
thirst and for sore throat ; ice bag to the head if it is very hot and to the
throat ; isolation (camp) ; sponging.

Diet. — Ripe fruits, toast bread, gruel, stimulants with care, milk is best.

Sclerosis. — Cirrhosis of the Liver and Lungs — Cerebral and Spinal Sclerosis.
(Locomotor Ataxia, Paralysis Agitans, Atheroma) —

Cod-liver oil.

Gold preparations as liquor auri et
arseni bromidi in all forms of
sclerosis as cirrhosis of the liver,
lungs and cirrhosis of the kid-
ney.

Galvanism.

Hypophosphites.

Mercuro-iodo-haemol.

Silver nitrate \ gr. with physostignia
and ergot.

Spermine.

Zinc phosphidi.

Scrofulosis — Cachexia — Enlarged Glands—

Acid, cacodylic.

,, phosphoric dil. 20 ms.

Alcohol, wine, distilled spirit, beer,
&c., with cod-liver oil at meals.

Ammonium iodide 3 grs. when glan-
dular enlargement.

Arsenious acid or arsenic iodidum.

Barium chloride or sulphide with
tincture of iron in females.

Blisters for enlarged glands.

Bromide of gold and arsenic in ade-
nitis with enlargements of the
neck ; or aurous cyanide.

Chalybeate waters*

Cadmium iodide.

Calcium chloride 10 grs. in milk after
food ; calcium iodide ^dose — §■ gr.) ;
calcium lactophosphate or phos-
phatis precipitatus 6 grs. as a
palliative for sores ; calcium sul-
phide TV gr. with sugar lactis ;
given with benefit in glandular en-
largements of the neck and chronic
diarrhoea.

Cod-liver oil, best remedy to promote
assimilation.

Excision or scraping the gland and
packing with iodoform gauze.

Exercise, moderate.

Extract malt (dry).

Fats by inunction.

Ferrous iodide syrup \ dr. in debility,
emaciation, or glandular hyper-
trophy, a useful remedy.

Fresh air.

Hypophosphites.

Iodine with iron internally.

,, tincture or the ointment is
locally applied to scrofulous glands.

Iron alone or benzoate with cod-
liver oil.

,, with calcium phosphates.

Lactophosphates of lime, iron and
quinine.

Phosphorus in olive oil.

Potassium iodide with potas. chlo-
rate and pot. bicarb, internally.

Sea air and sea bathing.

Sodium iodide with magnesium bro-
mide and calcium phosphate or
ferric phosphate.

Spongia usta contains sodium iodide,
magnesium bromide, calcium phos-
phate and ferric protoxide.

Strontium iodide useful in scrofulous
otorrhoea.

Sulphides, very useful for sores, ab-
scesses and suppurating glands.

Thyroidin.

SCURVY.

569

Diet.— Light and digestible. Raw meat for children.

Formula. — Neem tel (the medicated neem oil), contains the oil expressed
from the seeds of nimdo 40, haratal 1, mansil 1, bhilamo 1, elachi 1, kumar 1,
chandan 1, tagar 1, chambeli 1, water 100. Boil them together, and prepare
oil in the usual way. Used as an application to suppurating scrofulous glands.

Scurvy-

Acids ; vinegar in the absence of lime
juice or fresh vegetables ; acid
hydrochloric dilute 5 ms. with fresh
lemons, fresh vegetables, and fresh
meat is very useful.

Alcohol diluted as gargle is useful.

Alum, a solution with tincture of
myrrh as lotion for ulceration of

Diet. — Milk, vegetables, fresh meat.

Sea Sickness —

Acid nitro hydrochloric dilute 6,
with hydrocyanic acid 1.

Amyl nitrite by inhalation, to be used
with care.

Antipyrin.

Bromides — sodium bromide in full
doses is of benefit.

Cerium oxalate.

Champagne, iced.

Chloralamide with potas. bromid.

Septicaemia —

Acid boric, a saturated solution to
wounds, ulcers.

,, phosphoric, with cinchona.

,, salicylic very useful.

Alcohol — brandy.

Ammonium carbonate.

Antiseptics.

Antistreptococcic serum in puer-
peral septicaemia.

Chlorine water as disinfectant.

Cleanliness, thorough.

Ferri chloridum tincture internally.

Hypophosphites of sodium, potas-
sium or ammonium.

Hyposulphites of the alkaline metals.

Immersion of the stump in hot water
or of the wound in bichloride of

Diet. — Nourishing food, wines, milk, c

the gums.

Ferri arsenias or perchloride tinc-
ture to check haemorrhage.

Phosphates for assimilation.

Potassium chlorate.

Sodae chlorinatae (liquor) (1 to 15)
of water. Application to the
gums.

Chloral hydrate with pot. bromide
and magnesium citrate is very
useful.

Chloroform 2 to 5 ms. on sugar
internally.

Counter-irritation as mustard or
chloroform and opium to the
epigastrium.

Creosote checks vomiting.

Ice bag to the spine.

Salt and warm water.

mercury solution 1 in 10,000 as a
prophylactic.

Liquor potassae internally in chronic
pyaemia.

Potassium chlorate, large doses.

,, permanganate | gr. in-
ternally.

Saline injections of sodium chloride
per cent, into the subcutaneous
cellular issue in acute septicaemia.

Salicin to reduce the temperature
and to check cerebral symptoms.

Sodium salicylate with alcohol in
chronic cases.

Strepto coccus antitoxin.

Sulphites as sulphurous acid.

Ventilation, free.

• ncentrated soups.

ShOC'k,

5/°

Shock — Result of Surgical Operation or Injury—

Acetum vinegar — internally or ex-
ternally inhaled or applied.

Alcohol internally or by enema or
hypodermically used, but its use is
not encouraging, it being a vaso=
motor paralyzer, it leads to
haemorrhage restlessness and
weakness of the heart.

Ammonium carbonate and spiritus
ammoniae aromaticus.

Amyl nitrite and glonoin relax arte-
rial spasms and are indicated in the
early stage of shock.

Artificial heat.

,, respiration.

Cardiac stimulants.

Ether, like alcohol, by the mouth or
as injection into the rectum or
hypodermically.

Erythrol tetra nitrate \ to i gr.
as vaso-dilator like amyl nit-
rite.

Heat, hot room, hot bottles to the
extremities and hot poultices to

the heart, a good preventive' 6
shock.

Hot water (one pint) with common*
salt, injected into the colon*
after laparotomy. It acts as a
sedative, restores fluid to the
blood, and thus supports the sys-
tem.

Limbs, friction of.

Musk enema.

Nitroglycerine as injection hypoder-
mically.

Oxygen inhalation.

Position, horizontal.

Sodium chloride i per cent, solution
in sterilized water, as a cardiac
stimulant is used subcutaneously
or intravenously, to raise the
volume of the pulse, stimulate the
heart ; useful in the second stage
of the shock.

Supra renal extract.

Skin Affections.— Agents which affect the skin are known as anhydrotics*
emollients, irritants, parasiticides and local stimulants.

As constitutional and local remedies they are employed in the treatment of
skin diseases. Constitutional remedies include hygiene, out-door exercise and
cleanliness. As a health restorative cod-liver oil is especially useful. In
chlorotic cases* iron and its preparations are very useful as in eczema*
psoriasis, &c. Arsenic is the most valuable of all other remedies, involving
especially the superficial part of the skin. It should not be given in the
inflammatory stage with heat, burning and itching. Phosphorous gr. in the
form of phosphorated oil, also tar and carbolic acid give good results in
psoriasis. Mercurials are essential in syphilitic skin diseases, potassium iodide
in scrofulous skin affections, lupus, &c. Antiseptics are most important
agents in many forms of skin affections, of parasitic origin best given in
herpes, pemphigus, psoriasis, and pityriasis ; they are derived from the animal*
mineral, and vegetable kingdoms, and include creosote, carbolic acid, acetic
acid, &c. The mineral kingdom includes arsenic, boron, iodine, mercury and
sulphur, &c. Besides these, others mostly valued are salicylic acid, boracic
acid, ichthyal, naphthoh

In many forms of skin affections of parasitic origin agents used are known
as parasiticides. These agents kill or destroy the animal and vegetable para-
sites or generally the germs infecting the skin and other accessible parts of
human body. They are external applications, and used as lotions, solutions*
ointments, washes, oleates, &c^

SKIN ERUPTIONS.

57l

Skin Eruptions. — The result of drugs administered internally or locally ap-
plied.

Acid fruits cause acute eczema.

Antimony, locally used gives rise to
vesicles, papules and pustules.

Antipyrin leads to erythema and
urticaria on abdomen and thighs
attended with itching.

Antitoxin diphtheritic serum causes
erythema.

Arsenic leads to erythema, eczema
and acts like antimony.

Borax produces papules.

Bromides lead to acne on the face
and back, also pustules with echy-
mosis, ulcers and pemphigus.

Carbolic acid causes erythema.

Somnambulism— Nightmare—

Attend to digestion.

Glycerino phosphate.

Potassium bromide useful in
nambulism of children allied to

Diet . — Light and digestible food.

Chloral hydrate ; erythema of the
face, neck, purpurea, itching,
eczema, desquamation, petechia:.

Iodides — acne, papules, eczema,
echymosis, vesicles, pustules, pur-
purea, rash on the face, back of
the neck and shoulders.

Mercury — erythema, eczema.

Salicylic acid— urticaria, pemphigus,
purpurea and vesicles.

Shellfish — urticaria.

Sulphur locally gives rise to ery-
thema, eczema.

Tartar emetic — a rash over the whole
body.

(

lepsy, generally the result of de-
ranged digestion and in nightmare
of adults.

som*
epi-

Avoid late hours at meals.

Spermatorrhoea — Emissions — Impotence —

Acid phosphoric dilute with nux
vomica and cantharides.

Arsenic alone or with ergot if func-
tional and due to weak and re-
laxed seminal vesicles.

Bladder to be emptied often.

Bromides with camphor is useful
when the genitals are relaxed.

Calcii glycero phosphate.

Cantharides 2 to 3 ms. with iron if
due to deficient tone of seminal
vesicles, feeble erections, torpid,
sexual feeling, or to old age.

Chloral hydrate to avoid night dis-
charges.

Cold douche or sponging to peri-
neum and testicle.

Electricity.

Gold chloride to prevent decline of
sexual power.

Iron reduced or iron arsenate or iron

iodide in functional impotence in
anaemic cases.

Musk.

Phosphorous, hypophosphites of lime
and soda for the induced physical
or mental debility.

Potassium bromide when due to ple-
thora with persistent and painful
chordee. To be avoided in debi-
lity or daily losses, combined with
cold sponging and use of hard bed.

Silver nitrate solution 30 grs. to 1 oz.
as a vesicant applied to the peri-
neum or by urethral syringe to the
prostrate portion of the urethra.

Spermine.

Spinal ice bag.

Testicles (dry).

Warm bath before goingto bed.

Zinc oxide, or zinc phosphide, in
pills j\j gr.

Formula. — Phosphorus, 1 gr. ; ext. nucis vom, 6 grs. ; ferri earbonas,
4<3 grs. ; f. pil, 24. Dose— 1 or 2 pills.

572

SPINA BIFIDA.

Spina Bifida—

Collodion as a means of compression. Operation as if it were a hernia.
Iodine tincture with pot. iodid Tapping,
and water injected into the
sac.

Formula. — Iodine, io grs. ; potassii iodidi, 30 grs. ; glycerin, 1 oz. for
injection.

Spinal Congestion— Concussion —

Antiphlogistic measures with rest.
Cold affusion or ice bags to the
spine.

Lead and opium lotion over the seat
of injury in spinal concussion.

Leeches or wet cups to the spine if
the pain is persistent.

Rest is essential.

Stimulants and restoratives to treat
the shock in spinal concussion.

Spinal Irritation— Inflammation involving the roots of the nerves of sensa-
tion or motion or of both —

Bag (hot water) or blisters to the
spine.

Bromides as nerve sedative.
Electricity, the inverse galvanic cur-
rent.

Firing by hot iron is very beneficial.

Leeches.

Phosphorus or phosphoric acid
is of great benefit.

Sodium hypophosphite.

Spermine.

Spinal Paralysis and Softening-

Baths, warm bath is very useful.

Electricity, galvanic current from
the spine to the nerves and
muscles.

Iodide of potassium and mercury
internally in syphilitic cases.

Spleen Hypertrophied-

Acid carbolic 20 per cent, solution
and liquor arsenicalis as parenchy-
matous injection.

Ammonium salts as benzoas \ dr.,
fluoride to gr. given in solu-
tion, ammonium iodide with arse-
nic are useful in chronic enlarge-
ment.

Iodine tincture internally or as paint
in chronic form.

Sterility —

Alkaline vaginal injections or baths
or vichy waters internally if
sterility is due to acid discharge
from the uterus which kills the
spermatozoa.

Massage in children, forcible flexion
and extension to overcome rigi-
dity.

Phosphorus, cod-liver oil as a sup-
portive to the nerves.

Spermine.

Suspension is useful.

Iron salts as ferri et ammonii citras,
ferri perchloridum, ferri sulphas,
ferri oxypersulphate internally.

Mercury salts as hydrargyri iodidum
rubrum as ointment, hydrargyri
oxidum flavum ointment locally,
hydrargyri sulphuretum ointment,
hydrargyri bin iodidum ointment
rubbed in before a hot fire
in chronic enlargement of the
spleen.

Auri et sodii chloride —y when due
to chronic metritis or amenorrhoea
or ovarian torpor.

Borax as vaginal injection if secre-
tions are acid.

STRICTURE OF THE CESOPHAGUS OR PYLORUS.

573

Dilatation (gradual) of the cervix and
os if sterility is due to obstruc-
tion of the cervix and dysmenor-
rhcea.

Electrical stimulant.

Ferri arseniatis £ gr. or ferri sulphas
exec, i gr. to relieve spermator-
rhoea.

Intra uterine stem pessaries to sti-

Stricture of the (Esophagus or Pylorus

Acid, carbolic, diluted internally to
diminish sour smelling eructations.

Alkaline solution (r in 200) to wash
out the stomach with a stomach
pump.

mulate the uterus.

Phosphorus gr. in spermator-

rhoea.

Potassium iodide when due to
syphilis.

Remedy if there is any atresia with
the displacement of the uterus.

-Gastric Cancer —

Benzene to arrest fermentation.
Food, non-nitrogenous.

Gastro enterotomy.

Nutrient enemata.

Sun-stroke — Thermic Fever— Heat Stroke-

Ammonia by the mouth or rectum or
hypodermically or locally to the
nostrils.

Amyl nitrite or nitro-glycerin.

Bromides for restlessness and in-
somnia.

Chloroform by inhalation cautiously
for convulsions, also internally.

Counter-irritation, blisters to the
neck and scalp.

Ether sulphuric locally to head and
spine.

External remedies . — Hot bottles to
■or nitroglycerin, cold by ice bag,
ness.

Suppuration - (See Abscess — Boils)—

Acetanilid 30 with boracic acid 10,
starch 20 and carbolic acid liquid 2
applied locally is a useful dress-
ing. It inhibits suppuration or
checks suppuration if already
present.

Bismuth sub-iodide as dusting pow-
der after cleansing acts as an
antiseptic and stimulant, causing
healthy granulations.

Calcium sulphide | gr. to hasten sup-
puration or to arrest suppuration
when threatening.

Glycozone as pus destroyer applied
locally promotes healthy action

Free air, artificial respiration of the
breathing threatens to become
suspended.

Ice enemata with ginger and capsi-
cum.

Iodides and bromides if persistent
headache.

Potassium bromide in cold water by
enema in delirium.

Rest absolute.

Stimulants as brandy in collapse if
the pulse is frequent and feeble.

the feet ; brandy, camphor, ether,
cold affusion to relieve unconscious-

and hastens cure.

Glycerino phosphates, to prevent
waste.

Hydrogen dioxide solution applied
locally to the boils as pus de-
stroyer.

Manganese iodide and ferrous iodide
syrup in cachexia due to suppura-
tion.

Nuclein is very useful in suppurative
disorders.

Phosphates to repair waste from sup-
puration.

Sulphides very serviceable.

574

SYCOSIS.

Sycosis ~

Acid boracic i to 6 of vaseline is
very useful.

,, nitric i to 20 of water as a
wash.

Arsenic oleate.

Donovan’s solution internally.

Synovitis — Joint Affections —

Acid carbolic 2 per cent, solution for
injection into the joint.

Ammon, chloride lotion.

Antimony with saline purgatives.

Calcium sulphide as antisuppurative.

Cod-liver oil in strumous cases.

Gaduol as alterative.

Glycerino phosphate.

Iodine painted round the joints in
chronic synovitis or the solution as
injection into white swelling in stru-
mous synovitis.

Iodoform solution in ether (1 in 5),
injection in tuberculous joints, also
as a dressing.

Mercury— citrin ointment, also the
oleate.

Salol as an antiseptic powder is very
useful.

Sodium sulphite 1 with glycerine 8
and water 3, used locally when of
parasitic origin.

Mercury— hydrargyri perchloridi in=
ternally in syphitic syno-
vitis after the acute stage
has passed.

,, oleate and morphine locally
in chronic strumous synovitis to
remove induration.

Potassium iodide with iron and qui-
nine in syphilitic synovitis with ca-
chexia.

Silver nitrate solution as a paint al-
most to vesication.

Stimulants freely in strumous sub-
jects if due to slight injury.

External remedies. — Alcohol and water as evaporating lotion; bandage with
cold water or strapping to cause absorption of the fluid ; blisters (flying) after the
acute stage ; counter irritation ; cupping near the joints ; hot fomentations ;
ice ; leeches to the joints ; poultices ; pressure ; rest ; shampooing ; splints to
keep the limb motionless in synovitis, arising from injury. In the acute stage
the splint should be fastened at some distance above and below the joint ;
straight position ; leeches to the joint or cupping near it.

Syphilis— Primary and Secondary Syphilis— Hard Chancre-

Acids as acetic glaciate , locally, as
caustic, to syphilitic vegetations
and sores. Boric, like benzoin,
locally. Carbolic locally to destroy
sores ; condylomata as a lotion or
as a bath in skin eruptions. Chro-
mic 10 gr. to 1 oz. solution locally
to ulcers on the tongue, palate and
for nodules. Nitric applied early
and thoroughly as cautery to de-
stroy chancres, to be followed by
black wash or given internally In
the secondary form locally (1 to 4)
when the gums are spongy. Sali-
cylic with cannabis and collodion
as antiseptics locally to warts. Sul-

phuric acid and charcoal as a
paste.

Antitoxin.

Arsenic and mercury iodide as solu-
tion.

Baths, Turkish.

Bismuth and calomel as dusting
powder.

Bromide of gold and arsenic in old
cases of secondary and tertiary
syphilis, in ulceration of the throat,
ozoena, syphilitic bone diseases,
trifacial neuralgia, phthisis and other
late manifestations affecting the
nervous system.

SYPHILIS.

575

Cdd-liver Oil internally or by inunction
Useful after mercury and iodides in
syphiloderma.

Ferrus iodide and other iron prepara*
tions as ferri potassio tart alone or
with ammonia to promote construe*
tive metamorphosis in anfiemic sy*
philitic cases.

Iodine as gargle for ptyalism ; tincture
applied locally to syphilitic sores of
the throat or given internally after
meal where pot iodide cannot be
borne.

Iodoform and starch as dusting pow-
der over sores and ulcers.

Liquor iodi terchloride.

,, sodii chlorinate ( i to 15) gargle.

Mercury salts — mercury bin iodide ^
to TV gr. ; mercurious iodide ^ to \
gr. ; mercurous nitrate used as a
caustic for sores (1 in 30) or as lo-
tion or ointment; occasionally inter-
nally ; hydrargyri oleas 5 and 20
per cent, alone or with morphia in
non-ulcerated syphiloderma 5 hyd*
rargyri perchloridum, or corrosive
sublimate, ^ to gr. with potas-
sium iodide 10 grs,, ammon, carbo-
nas 3 grs. and cinchona tincture
\ dr. internally, hydrargyri flava —
2 grs. to 1 oz. of lime water or 2 grs*
with | dr. diluted nitric acid and 8
drs. tincture of myrrh in water, 8
ozs. as gargle, or as lotion; hydrar-
gyri perchloride alone 1 in 875 of
water internally ; (dose — \ to 1 dr.)
or the lotion 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 5,000
as a wash over syphilitic mouth
lesions ; hydrargyri salicylas £ gr.
internally or with paraffin 1 in 10
for injection or alone as a dusting
powder or ointment for specific
sores ; hydrargyri subchloridum,
calomel or mercurous chloride J to
5 grs. internally, or as lotio hydrar-
gyri nigra, or as calomel ointment
externally as inunction ; pilula ;
hydrargyri subchloridi composita
Plummer’s pill 4 to 8 grs. internal*

ly ;pulvis basilicas 2 to 4 grs. inter-
nally ; calomel as dusting powder
with zinc oxide, starch and iodo-
form in Condyloma } hydrargyri
succinimidum as hypodermic injec-
tion in syphilis In 2 per cent, solu-
tion ; hydrargyri oxidi flavi 2 grs.
suspended in liquid paraffin; hydrar-
gyri oxidi rubri locally as ointment
(1 to 8) in scaly patches ; hydrargyri
carbolatis l/$ gr. ; hydrargyri cya-
nidum 2^ to & gr. internally or as a
lotion to syphilitic sores or as intra-
venous injections of 1 per cent,
solutions of mercuric cyanide locally
for tubercles, condylomata, ulcers
on tonsils and tongue; hydrargyrum
cum creta with Dover’s powder in
primary and secondary cases;
hydrargyri thymol acetas used as
intra muscular injection 1 in 10 of
liquid paraffin or in pills of ^ to
grs. ; hydrargyri naphthol acetas \
or 1 gr. internally ; citrin oint-
ment for sores, tubercules, and
indurations*

Potassium iodide with mercury in
large doses given with benefit in the
secondary form, also for mercurial
cachexia, syphiloma of nervous sys-
tem and for Ulceration of the nares,
palate, &c.; It is of little value in the
early stage.

Pressure bandage and mercurial
inunction in periostitis.

Rubidium iodide better than potas-
sium iodide 1 oz. of 5 per cent, solu-
tion give best results. It does not
derange the stomach.

Silver oxide or nitrate to ulcers in the
throat, or on the tongue, never use-
ful for chancre.

Thyroid extract.

Vapour baths.

Wet packing is useful in constitu-
tional cases.

Zinc chloride, iodide or nitrate, locally
to syphilitic ulcers.

576

TABES MESENTERICA.

Tabe§ Mes€ntenca — Marasmus, Scrofulosis — Tuberculosis —

Calcium chloride and phosphate.

Cod-liver oil with iron phosphate or
ferrous iodide to promote assimi-
lation.

Change of air— -sea air.

Fel bovinum as a palliative is very
useful.

Hypophosphites to relieve malnutri-
tion.

Ingluvin or papsin or pancreatin Of
maltine.

Mercury bichloride with tincture cin-
chona in chronic glandular dis-
ease generally after meals.

Potassium iodide in small and repeat-
ed doses.

Diet. — Raw meat, cream, cocoa, chocolate, peptonized food.

Testicles — Compare Epididymitis— Hydrocele — Orchitis— Varicocele—

Aurum in hypochondriasis accompany-
ing testicular disease and as a tonic
in chronic and undeveloped testes.

Cold water application in neuralgia
of the testes with tonics.

Corrosive sublimate with sarsaparilla
or cinchona in sarcocele.

Guaiacol t to 8 of olive oil to relieve
the pain in the testes locally.

Hot lotions or hot steam in acute
cases.

Ice bag locally in orchitis.

Iodine locally to remove swelling, but
not in the acute stage in orchitis ;

Tfctantlg-5-

injection in hydrocele.

Mercury bichloride with cinchona or
sarsaparilla in sarcocele in syphili-
tic enlargements and indurations
of testes.

Potassium iodide in syphilitic testicle.

Pressure over the scrotum.

Sodium salicylate in gonorrhoeal form
to relieve pain.

Suspensory bandage and rest in
orchitis, epididymitis and other
affections of the testes.

Traumaticin,

Alcohol to support strength to relax
spasms.

Amyl nitrite as a spinal sedative is
useful.

Antipyrin antagonizes the excita-
bility of the motor nerve centres.

Bromides— potassium bromide i dr.
with chloral 20 grs. as hypnotic.

Chloral hydrate. Dose — 20 grs. with
bromides or cannabis internally or
as an enema.

Externally . — Chloroform inhalation ; bath— vapour bath, warm bath ; neuro-
tomy ; oxygen ; ice — cold* gives temporary relief ; stretching of the nerve trunk
connected with the wound with a spinal cord ; freezing the nerve ; heat to the
spine to check spasms ; acupuncture on each side of spine.

Tie Douloureux — Facial Neuralgia — Epileptiform Neuralgia—

Acetanilid and antipyrin are useful Arsenic haemol or liquor arsenicalis in-
analgesics to relieve the pain. fluences nutrition and hence useful.

Ammonium chloride in large doses of Blisters.

30 grs. to relieve the pain wh'ch Butyl chloral hydrate with gelsimium.
may be more of a rheumatic than Cautery in pain due to dental caries,
of a neuralgic character.

Chloroform as an anaesthetic by
friction or by inhalation.

Eserine sulphate. Dose — ^ to of a

grain in traumatic cases.

Paraldehyde 2 drs. It does not de-
press the heart as choral and the
bromides do.

Tetanus antitoxin is very useful.

Urethane. Dose — 10 grs.

TINEA ClRCINATA*

577

fhloral hydrate 5 grs. with potassii
iodid 3 grs., spt. ammonia ar 12
ms., and infusion gentian 4 drs.
internally.

Chloroform, a few drops injected deep
into the vicinity of nerve trunk or
the liniment applied with friction
with benefit.

Croton chloral 5 grs. is palliative. It
has special effect on the 5th nerve.

Electricity, galvanism to the 5th nerve
is of benefit to relieve the pain.

Acid acetic or acetum cantharides
locally to any part except the
scalp.

boric locally to the scrotum and
inner side of the thigh.

,, carbolic (1 to 8 of glycerin) or
with ungt. hydrarg. nitratis
and sulphur a very effectual
application.

,, sulphurous fresh with glycerin
is better than carbolic acid.

Arsenic iodide Tg gr. to improve
nutrition — a nerve tonic.

Baths early.

Cod-liver oil is useful in cachectic and
weekly subjects.

Copper acetate ointment 10 grs. to
1 oz. is very effective.

Coster’s paste — Unguentum pices cum
iodi.

Exalgin 4 grs. useful in nervous head-
ache.

Iodides to relieve nocturnal pain if
due to syphiloma of the nervous
system.

Ligature of the carotids in obstinate
cases.

Phosphorus ^ gr. is useful in obsti-
nate cases.

Salt bag (hot) to the neck.

Salicylates in large doses are very
useful.

of the body— T. Capitis Ton-

the Trichophyton Tonsurans —

Exercise, outdoor.

Iodine liniment with oil of tar 1 to 4
as liniment locally.

Isolation of brushes, towels to pre-
vent infection.

Mercury, the bichloride 1 in 250 of
water as parasiticide application
after depilation ; calomel ointment
(1 in 8) ; ammonium chloride oint-
ment (1 in 40) ; strong citrin oint-
ment ; ointment of red oxide very
useful.

Oils to facililate removal of scabs.

Potassium sulphocyanide with glyce-
rin and water as lotion.

Sodium chloride as ointment is very
useful to be well rubbed.

Sulphites to destroy parasites are
very useful.

Sulphur baths.

Tinea Circinata — T. Imbricata — Ringworm
surans (Ringworm of the scalp) — Fungus is

■Diet. — Nutritive, abundant ; animal fats.

Tinea Decalvans — Alopecia Areata— Baldness — Fungus is the Microsporon

Andouini.

Acids as carbolic or nitric or sali-
cylic in olive oil locally as liniment.

Ammonia liquor lotion with almond
oil and spirit rosemary locally.

Antimonii tartaratum as lotion.

Arsenic liquor internally.

Cantharidal ether, with collodion
locally after the fungus is destroyed.

Cantharides tincture with castor oil
(1 to 8) locally. To rub into roots of
hair.

Epilation and washing of head
followed by eau de cologne locally.

73

Glycerin with pilocarpine locally.

Hydrargyri oxidum rubrum or mer-
cury oleate locally.

Oxygen locally applied to the scalp to
restore the hair.

Petroleum spirit locally.

Sapo viridis for rubbing followed by
shampoo.

Shaving frequent. Clean brushes,
with long bristles.

Sulphur iodide internally and exter-
nally.

Thyroid preparations internally.

578

TINEA FAVOSA

Formula . — Ol amygdalae, 8 drs. ; aq. ammonis, 8 drs, ; ol. rosmarini, a drs.i
alcohol, 12 drs. ; mellis, 20 drs. ; aqua, 20 drs. Mix. Application for alope-
cia.

Tinea Favosa. — The Fungus is the Achorion Schonleinii— *

Acid carbolic with glycerin or cod-
liver oil as a local application.

Acidi sulphurosi diluti 1, sodii hypo-
sulphitis 6, water 30 locally applied
in obstinate cases as parasiticide ;
should be assisted by epilation.

Epilation with care or hair to cut
-short.

Iron perchloride tincture with cod»
liver oil internally if the disease
is associated with scrofula.

Mercury salts as nitrate ointment ;
oleate as inunction ; yellow sulphate
as ointment ; perchloride lotion 2
grs. to 1 oz. as application ; or 20
grs. to 1 oz. of cerate as ointment.

Oils (simple) to soften and facilate
the removal of scabs.

Poultices very useful preparatory to
epilation.

Sulphur iodide ointment. 20 grs. to
1 oz. well rubbed after removal of
crusts, very useful.

Tinea Sycosis— Parasitic sycosis— attack hairs of the
Fungus is the Trichophyton —

Acid sulphurous with glycerin as a
useful application.

Arsenic liquor 5 ms. or Donovan's
solution internally ; arsenic oleate
as local application.

‘Citrine ointment is very useful.

Copper sulphate lotion (1 in 50) of
water with zinc sulphate 4 times
the weight of copper sulphate.

Formula. — Oleate of
10 grs. ; oil of lavender, 2 ms.

Tinea Tarsi—

Acid boric as lotion and ointment.

Blisters to temples.

Epilation, remove scabs and then
touch with lunar caustic.

Glycerini plumbi subacetatis as oint-
ment.

beard— Mentagra —

Hair to remove with depilatory
forceps.

Hydrargyri bichloride (1 in 250) of
wrater as lotion after epilation.

Mercury oleate or yellow sulphide
ointment as parasiticide.

Sulphur iodide 1 to 10 of lard as
ointment.

Zinc oxide, acid tannic and starch
with sulphur — ointment.

Hydrargyri oxidum flavum ointment.
Iodine tincture locally after removal
of scabs and then apply glycerin.
Mercury, remove scabs and apply
ungt. hydrarg. nitr. dil (1 to 2).

mercury, 1 ounce ; ichthyol, 20 ms. ; salicylic acid,
Used as ointment.

Formula. — Plumbi acetatis 1, ungt. hydr. oxid. rub. 1, zinc oxide i, calomel
lard 5, cocoanut oil 5, as ointment locally.

Tinea Versicolor, Chloasma.— -Fungus is the Microsporon Furfur —

Acid arseniosi internally.

,, sulphurous with glycerin or
water (1 to 4) locally.

Benzol and lavender water (1 to 1)
locally.

Hydrargyri bichloride and dilute
nitric acid and water sponging.

Iodine locally, preceded by washing
with soap and water.

Sodium hyposulphite, strong solution^
locally.

TONGUE ULCERS,

579

Tongue Ulcers— Cracks— Fissures—

Acid chromic ( i in 40) to ulcerated
syphilitic affection of the tongue.
,, nitric as caustic, locally in ulcers.

Aurum internally and locally in scro-
fulous subjects, in strumous ulcera-
tion of the tongue and in hypertro-
phy with induration.

Borax 1 m.y with glycerin 10, and
water 40, applied locally for cracks
and fissures on the tongue.

Iodine tincture, applied locally or
with honey 2 and water 7, used as a
gargle in malignant ulcers on the
tongue.

Potassium bromide 1 in 50 of water as
a wash to soothe the
morbid sensibility of the
tongue.

,, chlorate 5 grs. internally

or 1 in 400 of water lo-
cally applied in ulcers on
tongue, or for rawness
of tongue in advanced
phthisis.

,, iodide in syphilitic ulcers
on the tongue, or if the tongue is
hypertrophied.

Silver nitrate as caustic to ulcers.

Tonsillitis — Inflammatory — Quinsy — Cynanche —

Acetanilid — antifebrin or salol inter-
nally in acute cases.

Acid carbolic with tinct. iodine and
glycerin with water as gargle;

Alum, dry or in solution.

Calomel or grey powder internally
when the tonsils almost meet.

Chloral hydrate with glycerin for
gargle.

Emetics in the early stage will cut
short the attack.

Hydrogen peroxide solution as
gargle.

Iodine with tincture ferric chloride
locally.

Mercury oleate and morphine in ob-
stinate and painful tonsillitis.

Potassium^ iodide internally or 5 grs.

to 1 oz. of water locally.

,, chlorate internally.

Salicylic acid internally and locally
in acute cases.

Silver nitrate solution (1 in 50) or the
stick thoroughly applied may abort
if applied early. It rarely fails to
prevent suppuration.

Sodium salts as biborate with potas.
chloratis, tinct. capsici and tinct.
myrrh with water as a gargle ;
bicarbonate locally by wetted finger
constantly applied to the tonsils.

External remedies. — Baths, foot-bath, blisters to the neck, cold compress
round the neck, electric cautery to thickened patches, ether inhalation, ice bag,
ice to suck, incision of the tonsils, leeches to the angle of the jaw, poultices to
the neck, steam inhalation,, trachiotomy, wet pack.

Tonsils — Enlarged —

Aluminium sulphate, a saturated solu-
tion locally applied as a mild
caustic.

Ammonium iodide with glycerin
( 1 to 15) as application by a brush.

Barium iodide locally relieves chronic
induration of the tonsils.

Excision of a part or removal of the
whole by guillotine.

Fel bovinum (oxgall), conium and olive
oil as pigment are useful.

Ferric chloride liquor (1 to 8) of
water, used as a paint over the
tonsils, an effective astringent.

Iodine 2 grs. with iodide of potassium
40 grs. and water 1 ounce. Injec-
tion into the gland.

Silver nitrate locally applied with
benefit.

Zinci chloride saturated solution as a
caustic locally applied to each
erypt by a wire cotton-holder.

580

TONSILS.

Tonsils — Ulcerated — Ulcerous-
Acid carbolic alone 5 per cent, as a
wash, or carbolic acid with
tincture myrrh as an applica-
tion by sponge to the throat.
,, sulphurous dilute and glycerin
as paint or by spray.

Potassium iodide to arrest tertiary-
syphilitic ulceration of the tonsils.
Sodium sulphite solution (1 in 8) of
water locally.

Torticollis —

Electricity, galvanization of the
affected muscles and faradization
of the opposite ones, gives relief if
tried early.

Massage.

Potassium bromide in large doses
with arsenic in the spasmodic form.
Stretching or resection of the spinal
accessory nerve as a last resort.
Water, hot douche.

Tremor — Chorea, Paralysis Agitans, Delirium Tremens —

Arsenic liquor 2 or 3 ms. diluted
with water (1 to 2) and given hypo-
dermically is very useful.

Calcium salts in the early stage in
tremor at the beginning of general
paralysis.

Phosphorus alone, or with glycerin
in tremor due to excess of alcohol
or mercury.

Silver nitrate ^ gr. in mercurial tre-
mor is found useful.

Zinc phosphide is effective in tremor
due to mercurial and arsenical
poisoning.

Trismus Neonatorum — Lockjaw of the new-born infant often caused by
bathing in very hot water —

Anesthetics. Ether.

Chloral hydrate. Treatment of any kind is seldom

effectual.

Tuberculous affections — Compare — Tubercular laryngitis, tubercular mening-*
tis, tubercular peritonitis, tubercular phthisis, scrofulosis — Tabes Mesenterica —

Acid cacodylic.

„ lactic.

,, salicylic locally as a plaster ap-
plied to remove the horny covering
in tuberculosis of the skin.

Antiphthisin is useful in pure tuber-
culosis.

Antitoxin Paquin’s serum is useful in
knee joint tuberculosis.

Arsenic is very useful in tuberculosis
of the lungs, intestines and perito-
neum in children.

Arsinyl.

Benzosol in diarrhoea of tuberculous
subjects.

Calcii chloridum — tuberculosis.

Codliver oil is the best treatment in
tuberculous diathesis.

Creosote, calcium hydrochloro-phos-
phate.

Iodoform 10 per cent, as an emul-
sion made with glycerin and
olive oil is filled into the tuber-
culous abscess cavity after open-
ing and scraping. It is also in-
jected with benefit into tuber-
culous joints, and in local tuber-
culosis of soft parts as glands,
testes, lungs, &c.

Mercury, acid mercuric nitrate ap-
plied to a small portion of the
growth at a time as it is very pain-
ful ; hydrargyrum thymol acetic
in solution hypodermically injected
into the glutei muscles is of
benefit.

TUBERCULOSIS

58 1

Naphtholated camphor is used hypo-
dermically in tuberculosis of the
testes and of the bladder.

Potassium cantharidinate 3^5 gr.

injected hypodermically
produces exudation
of serum through the
body and may cause a
concentration at the
affected spot of effica-
cious substances which
do not ordinarily find
their way there. Should
be avoided if there is
kidney disease.

Do. iodide internally is very
useful.

Spermine for injection.

Tuberculin, an agent for latent tuber-
culosis.

Zinc chloride solution in a diluted
form 20 ms. is injected deep into
the tissues, surrounding the tuber-
cular deposit, to induce a con-
dition of sclerosis which is fatal to
the growth and existence of the
bacilli — in tuberculosis of testicles
(1 in 20) solution is useful. In tuber-
culosis of the joints, ribs, glands
(1 in 10) solution of which 20 ms.
are injected round the perephery of
the diseased part.

Diet. — Peptonized food, wine, milk, broth, alcohol, and jellies.

External remedies. — Blisters and dry cupping very repeatedly, cold or ice
to the surface of the abdomen.

Tuberculosis, acute, miliary — Tuberculosis, acute phthisis —

Acid salicylic to subdue the fever.

Alcohol, wine.

Arsenic to reduce the temperature
gradually.

Blisters (flying) over different parts of
the chest.

Cold water with vinegar applied to
Tumours — Non-malignant growths —

Chloroform inhalation, a good aid
to diagnose phantom tumours and
deep-seated abdominal tumours
when the walls are hard and rigid.

Electrolysis is used with benefit in
sebaceous tumours, bornchocele,
lipoma, enlarged glands.

Ferric chloride liquor, useful applica-
tion to fungous or haemorrhoidal
tumours.

Galvanic current to relieve the pain,
improve nutrition and diminish the

Tympanitis —

Acid carbolic with bitter tonics after
meal if due to gastric fermentation.

Aspiration or puncture only in ex-
treme case, to relieve the gut.

the surface of the abdomen or to
sponge the body.

Cupping (dry) over lower limbs and
trunk.

Ice to suck freely or iced enemata.
Milk, peptonized food, and jellies.

size of fibroid tumours — goitre,
enlarged glands, &c.

Mercuric salts as bin iodide ointment
(1 in 30), mercury bichloride, mer-
cury bromide, $ gr. used with benefit
in abdominal tumours.

Pepsin hypodermically to dissolve
tumours.

Removal of the tumour.

Stypticin to check haemorrhage.

Chloral hydrate or creosote as an
intestinal antiseptic to prevent
fermentation.

58a

TYPHLITIS.

Change of posture inversion or partial
inversion of the patient as in knee
chest position or elevation of the
foot of the bed relieves promptly by
causing gravitation of the bowels

Typhlitis— Inflammation in the coecum

Benzoin tincture solution for rectal
injection.

Ice bag over the swelling is very useful.

Leeches to be applied at once to re-
lieve tenderness and fever.

Magnesium sulphate may be given.

Typhoid Fever —

Acid carbolic 5ms. diluted per rectum
,, carbolic 1, with tincture of iodine
2, or with chloroform 2, given in
drop doses, is supposed to kill
the bacillus.

,, nitro-hydrochloric or sulphuric
dilute 20 ms. is useful to check
intestinal haemorrhage.

,, sulphurous 2 ms.

Alcohol in the later stages to sustain
the heart.

Antipyretics, as antipyrin, phenacetin,
acetanilid, phenocoll hydrochlorate
to lower the temperature.

Antitoxin typhoid with good results.

Astringents, as silver nitrate or lead
acetate, with opium, or alum, or
copper sulphate or lime water,
useful for diarrhoea.

Benzo naphthol 4 grs. to prevent fer-
mentative changes in the stomach.

Bismuth salicylate with sodium sali-
cylate (4 to 7) or bismuth subnitrate
with opium to check diarrhoea.

Calomel in 5 or 10-gr. doses at first to
clear the intestines, and then repeat-
ed in 3 or 4-gr. doses for 3 or 4
days.

Calx saccharata with milk to relieve
parched tongue.

Choral hydrate to relieve nervous
symptoms, induce sleep, check
delirium, to be avoided if the heart
is weak.

Copper arsenite -j^-gr. dose used
early maintains a good pulse, low

upwards and straightening out the
rectum.

Galvanism.

Operation — incision of the gut when
cathartics, enemata, the use of
rectal tube have failed.

Purgatives drastics are to be
avoided.

Poultices to the abdomen.

Soda biborate — solution for rectal
injection.

Warm water enema.

temperature, and prevents abdomi-
nal pain, diarrhoea and tympanitis.

Guaiacol 10 ms. with olive oil 1 dr. as
inunction in axilla and groins to
reduce the temperature. Guaiacol
carbonate 20 grs. is non-poisonous,
does not affect the temperature, is
useful to abort.

Kairin 5 to 8 grs. as a febrifuge.

Lactophenin 5 to 15 grs. as an anti-
pyretic.

Liquor iodi terchloride if delirium is
severe.

Mercury bichloride gr. for the
diarrhoea.

Naphthol benzoate as antiseptic to
prevent fermentative changes in
stomach.

Potassium bromide useful to abort the
fever.

Resorcin to check intestinal haemor-
rhage and to act as an antipyretic.

Salicin— salicylates as antizymotics.

Salol 5 to 10 grs. or salophen is
very efficacious as an intestinal
disinfectant.

Spirit ammonia aromatic is useful to
relieve accumulation of mucus in
the throat.

Stimulant freely, if joints are affected
and to sustain the heart.

Tartar emetic Jg gr. with opium \ gr.
with cardiac tonics if delirium and
insomnia be present ; it cuts short
the disease.

TYPHUS FEVER*

583

Formula.-^ Guaiacol carbonate, menthol, thymol, eucalyptol, calomel, podo-
phyllin, all in combination. Used to abort the fever.

External remedies. — Abdominal compress, baths (warm or cold) to reduce hy-
perpyrexia, baths to promote the flow of urine and thus to diminish the toxins,
cold affusion, cleanliness, enemas to relieve constipation, ice bags over the
head and scalp, packing wet sheet, washing with cold or warm water, rest,
sponging with warm or cold water if restlessness exists, ventilation free, water
immersion.

Diet — Milk alone, or milk with alcohol, eggs, broth, coffee as a stimulant,
essence of meat ; avoid solid food till the health is restored fully.

Typhus Fever —

Acids mineral, as nitro-hydrochloric
dil, phosphoric dilute, are highly
useful.

Antimony tart with opium in the de-
lirium and wakefulness.

Antipyrin or phenacetin to keep down
the temperature within safe limits.

Baths.

Blisters, if pneumonia supervenes.

Chloral hydrate to allay delirium and
to produce sleep.

Exclusion from others is necessary as
the disease is highly contagious.
Liquor iodi terchloride.

Purgatives at the onset.

Spiritus etheris nitrosi.

Sponging the body.

Diet. — Supporting, nutritious — beef tea, eggs, nutrient enemata.
Ulcers and Sores — Foul, Foetid or Phagedenic — Gangrenous Ulcers —

Acetanilid as a dusting powder over
ulcers, mucous patches, sores,
and ulcers of the rectum.

Acid boric lotion for indolent ulcers.
,, carbolic, strong, alone or with
glycerin (1 in 50J or with
wood ashes or with salicylic
and locally as a stimulant
application to destroy the
diseased surface in sloughing
phagedena, foetid ulcers.

,, chromic 1 in 40 locally to ulcer-
ated gums.

,, nitric as an escharotic with a
glass rod protecting the sur-
rounding tissues with oil or
with i to 20 of water as a

good stimulating wash or

lotion for unhealthy, indolent
and painful ulcers.

,, pyrogallic as an ointment 20
per cent, as an application for
syphilitic ulcers.

,, salicylic with carbolic acid

locally or with camphor and

vaseline as an ointment in foul
ulcers.

Alcohol applied locally to cover sores
and ulcers. It forms a thin pro-
tecting layer of coagulated albu-
men.

Alum burnt used as a dry powder or
in solution applied to relaxed and
profusely secreting sores.

Aristol as a dusting powder is very
useful in old scrofulous, syphilitic
and tuberculous ulcers.

Arsenic to improve rodent ulcer.

Bismuth oxyiodide or bismuth subni-
Irate as desiccant to ulcerous sores.

Bromine with potassii bromide (2 to
1) as lotion (1 in 6) of water, for
sloughing ulcers.

Calomel ointment or black wash use-
ful in scrofulous or tuber-
culous lupus and open sores.
,, as a dusting powder in
ulcer of the conjunctiva.

Carbo ligni locally to foul, foetid and
gangrenous sores.

534

ULCERS AND SORES.

Charcoal with cinchona and iodoform
as dusting- powder locally to indo-
lent or sloughing sores and ulcers.

Chloral hydrate 5 to 10 grs.to 1 oz. of
water as solution or lotion for slug-
gish sores in ulcerated sore throat
and in ulcers from any cause.

Chlorine gas or chlorine water as a
local stimulant to promote healing
in old sores or ulcers.

Cod-liver oil is useful in ulceration of
the glands, in indolent ulcers with
excoriated edges, in lupus, &c.

Collodion application as a protective
covering.

Copper sulphate alone as a stick or
as solution to indolent ulcers or with
catechu and ghee to make ointment
is used for indolent ulcers.

Gold chloride locally and internally
in scrofulous ulcers.

Hydrogen peroxide, ozonic ether
as a wash for profuse suppura-
tion.

Ichthyol pure or with vaseline (1
to 2) applied to ulcers of the leg
with benefit.

Iodide of starch as a poultice for
sloughing sores.

Iodoform alone or with alcohol and
glycerin or with cinchona as a
dusting powder, useful in irritable
ulcers only to relieve pain.

Kieselghar for healthy ulcers.

Lead acetate liquor diluted as lotion
for indolent over-secreting sores.

Lime carbonate or lime water to
check discharges, the sulphide if
the discharge is thin and watery,
the phosphate is useful in scrofulous
sores.

Mercury salts as bichloride 1 per
cent, solution as application to
indolent and syphilitic ulcers.

Mercury iodide 40 grs. to 1 oz. of
vaseline for syphilitic
ulcers, hydrargyri nitratis
ointment (1 to 2) for ser^
piginious ulcerations.

Methylene blue for corneal ulcers.

Naphtol camphor in tuberculous and
scrofulous ulcers is very useful.

Nulcein locally applied to indolent
ulcers.

Oleate of aluminium, cadmium,
copper, nickel, or silver, to be
dusted in chronic ulcers.

Pepsin with lactic acid locally in
obstinate phagedenic ulcers.

Piperazine 1 per cent, solution locally
to relieve pain and subdue
inflammation in gouty sores.

Potassa fusa or a mild Vienna paste
as an escharotic.

Potassium chlorate or permanganate
as a powder or in solution as
a wash to stimulate foul ulcers,
better than iodoform.

Resin ointment with Bals. Peru local-
ly for indolent ulcers.

Resorcin in strong or saturated
solution locally applied as a
caustic in syphilitic and tubercul-
ous and other ulcerations of the
larynx.

Silver nitrate sticks to ulcers of the
mouth or as solution locally for
chronic ulcers.

Thiol dry as a dusting powder of
much use on ulcers.

Zinc chloride as an escharotic,
very safe.

,, carbonate or oxide or sulphate
with magn. carbonate, acid boracic
and acid carbolic as dusting pow-
der for indolent ulcers.

External remedies. — Bandaging for indolent ulcers, blisters, cleanliness, daily
washing, elastic stockings, electricity, hot pack, immersion of the part in hot
water, lead sheet for indolent ulcers, massage for indolent ulcers, oxygen
locally, posture recumbent for ulcers of the leg, protection of the part, poul-
tices yeast, rest is essential, strapping, section of exposed nerve filament gives
relief to irritable sores.

UREMIA

5«5

Ursemia— Ursemic Convulsions ; Uraemic Coma-

Amyl nitrite or nitroglycerin by
inhalation to relieve dyspnoea.

Electricity in the hysterical form.

Ether 2 drs. internally or £ dr. hypo-
dermically injected deep into the
muscles in uraemic dyspnoea.

Hydragogue cathartics to relieve
dyspnoea.

Intestinal disinfectants as iodoform,
charcoal and naphthafin to remove
the toxic matter in the blood which
has been re-absorbed from the
bowels.

Moschus moschiferous.

Nitroglycerin to relieve dyspnoea.

Oxygen by inhalation is very success-
ful in uraemic coma.

Diet . — Milk.

Saline injections (hot) into thecellular
tissue in chronic nephritis with
uraemia.

Salines as elaterium or hydragogues
in the early stage to secure eli-
mination by the intestines and to
relieve blood pressure.

Sodium benzoate 15 grs. useful in
threatening uraemia.

,t bromide with chloral in full
doses as rectal enema to
relieve uraemic convulsions.
„ salts in preference to potas-
sium salts in uraemia from Bright’s
disease.

Venesection in sthenic cases of acute
uraemia.

Formula. — Tr. musk, tr. castor, and ether sulph., each 1 dr. Given internally
in io-drop doses.

External remedies. — Bath — warm or vapour, hot air, hot pack to produce
diaphoresis, transfusion in uraemia convulsions, free respiration, leeches to the
temples to relieve headache.

Urethra, Stricture of—

Catheterization under an anaesthetic in
spasmodic stricture and for gradual
dilatation in organic stricture.

Electricity — a weak galvanic current
with negative pole to the stricture.

Urethritis-

Calomel as a purge.

Hot hip bath. Urination under hot
water is useful in lithiasis in males
and leucorrhcea in females.

Potassium bicarbonate 10 grs. with
potassium acetate 10 grs. and
linseed tea internally is very useful.

Uric Acid Diathesis—

Ammonii phosphas.

Calcii salicylas.

Magnesia.

Potassii citras.

Urine, Examination of —

Urine for examination should be that
that passed during 24 hours.

74

Fomentation.

Oils injected before dilatation.

Through division by a dilating ure--
thratome for a radical cure.

Warm bath.

Rest in bed.

Silver nitrate locally in chronic ure-
thritis in females.

Zinc sulphate as sticks or zinc solu-
tion for injection into the urethra.

Potassium tartro-borate.
Sodii citro tartras.
Sodium borate.

passed in the morning or a sample of

586

URINE, EXAMINATION OF.

Quantity. — Normal quantity is about 40 to 50 fluid ounces in 24 hours. It
varies in health according to the quantity of sweats, and of fluid taken as food or
drink. In diabetes the quantity passed is very large. In fever, in kidney dis-
orders it is very scanty. In cholera it is sometimes suppressed.

Specific Gravity. — The normal sp. gr. is 1015 to 1025. One fluid ounce con-
tains 18 or 20 grs. of solids. Sp. gr. is very high in diabetes mellitus and is low
in albuminuria (Bright’s disease).

Colour. — Pale, copious urine with a high sp. gr, indicates diabetes mellitus ;
pale, copious with a low sp. gr. hysteria, convulsions or nervous disease. High
coloured scanty urine and high sp. gravity indicates fever and uric acid
diathesis. High coloured with scanty urine and low sp. gr. indicates Bright's
disease. Very yellow or greenish yellow colour indicates the presence of bile
or the effect of rhubarb. Dark coloured urine and of the odour of violets indi-
cates the presence of turpentine. Dark, muddy and smoky urine, the presence of
blood or the result of-drinking strong coffee. Black urine indicates disintegrated
blood, putrid urine, tar or creosote ; milky urine indicates chyluria ; smoky by
carbolic acid and salol ; green colour by salicylic acid and indigo ; dark green
by thymol and kairin ; dark blue by methylene blue ; violet by resorcin.
Santonine give urine greenish yellow colour, and acid reaction. Fuschine
give a magenta colour ; sulphonal reddish brown.

Smell. — A sweet smell of apple indicates sugar ; smell of violets indicates
presence of turpentine ; foetid ammoniacal smell indicates alkalinity of urine.

Reaction. — Urine is slightly acid in health. It is alkaline after a meal or from
medicine or disease. It is highly acid if containing crystals of uric acid.

Urinary deposits. — These are many. Some of them can be detected
by the naked eye, and they may generally be found deposited at the bottom
of the vessel. Others can be detected by the aid of chemical tests thus :
In alkaline urine alone may be found calcium phosphate, ammonium urate,
magnesium phosphate or triple phosphates. In alkaline or acid urine we detect
uric acid, urates, oxalates, phosphates and cystine. Other deposits are known
as organized deposits and are detected under the microscope. These latter
include pus, mucus, blood, tubecasts, toruloe sarcinse, bacteria, spermatozoa, &c.

Tests. — In the matter of urinary analysis various chemical tests are applied
for the detection of albumen, bile pigments and bile acids, chlorides, sugar,
urea, etc.

Albumen. — Heat and nitric acid ; if the urine is alkaline or neutral, add
acetic acid to render it slightly acid, and then apply heat ; if precipitate appears
on boiling it may be albumen or phosphates ; if on adding a drop or two of nitric
acid the urine becomes clear, it is phosphates ; if it remains turbid, it is albu-
men. If the urine is turbid or has a deposit which on heating disappears, it
is the urates ; if the turbidity only disappears on the addition of nitric acid
it is phosphates, if not cystine.

Tests for albumen are interfered with if the patient has taken alkaloids, analgin,
antipyrin, benzoic acid, benzosol, chloroform, copaiba, hypnone, piperazine, &c.,
and which may appear in the urine.

Bile Pigment and Bile Acids. — Vogel’s colour table. — Put a drop of urine on a
white marble table and gently add to it a drop of tincture of iodine so that the two
fluids may touch but not mix. If bile pigment be present a fine green colour will
be developed below the red iodine layer. With nitric acid a shade of colours
will be developed.

URINARY DISORDERS.

Chlorides. — Add a drop of nitric acid, and then silver nitrate, until the pre-
cipitate ceases to form.

Sugar. — Fehling’s test. — Add to the boiling urine a few drops of Fehling’s
solution. If sugar be present a yellow orange or red precipitate of cuprous
oxide will form. Pavy’s test. — It consists of sulphate of copper 5, potassium
tartrate 10, caustic potash 20, and water 100.

Tests for sugar are interfered with by the presence in the urine of acitanilid,
antipyrin, ammonium salts, benzoates, butol, bromides, camphor, carbo hydrates
chloral, chloroform, copaiba, creatinine, cubeb, glycerin, iodides, phenacetin,
pyrocatechin, salicylic acid, sulphonal, urethane, uric acid and urates.

Sugar in the urine may be found temporarily in cases of poisoning by alcohol,
amyl nitrite, carbonic oxide, chloral, sulphuric acid, &c.

Urea. — Place a drop of urine containing excess of urea on a marble table and
add a drop of nitric acid when crystals of urea nitrate form immediately. To
ascertain the percentage of urea use ureameter and employ sodium hypobro-
mite instead of chlorinated soda.

Mucus and Fus. — It is difficult to distinguish one from the other by the naked
eye. Mucus is more flocculent and cloudy than pus. Pus is generally of a
stringy consistance and thickish yellow and deposited at the bottom of the vessel.
On the addition of liquor potassse to the deposit of pus, the supernatent liquid
being poured out it becomes gelatinized and tough and cannot be poured out.
If mucus the addition of acetic acid coagulates it and forms delicate molecular
fibres.

Apparatus necessary for analysis . — Test tubes, spirit lamp, a white porcelain
dish, watchglasses, platinum foil, pipettes, urinometer, ureameter, litmus and

termeric papers, and the reagents.

Urinary Disorders —

Acid nitro hydrochloric dilute for
phosphatic deposits.

Alkalies as liquor potassae with tinc-
ture of hyoscyamus or of belladonna
to neutralize acid urine and thus
control pain and frequent micturi-
tion in chronic cystitis.

Ammonium carbonate in 5-gr. doses
renders the acid urine alkaline.
Bicarbonates, tartrates and citrates
have diuretic action and increase
the frequency of micturition.
Cantharis 1 or 2 ms. is useful in women
who during coughing owing to weak-
ness of spinctor of the bladder suffer
Diet. — Fresh milk, fruit, fish, vegetable,
Urticaria — Nettle Rash —

Acid carbolic and benzoic (1 in 200) of
water as a lotion.

,, boric and chloral (10 to 1) as
lotion.

,, nitric dilute as a wash prevents
wheals and controls itching.

from frequent incontinence and in
voluntary passage of urine in drops.

Diuretics and other agents which act
upon the urine.

Diuretin in cardiac and renal dropsy
to increase the flow.

Salol better than benzoic acid or the
benzoates ; it neutralizes morbid al-
kalinity of the urine.

Sodium benzoate renders alkaline
urine acid and checks formation of
phosphates.

Water copious injection into the blad-
der is beneficial in cases of sup-
pression.

useful to alkalinize acid urine.

Antipyrin internally is very efficient.

Arsenic liquor or arsenic haemol or
arsenite of sodium internally useful
in chronic cases.

588

UTERINE AFFECTIONS.

Calcium chloride to prevent the rash.

Chloroform liniment or chloroform
ointment to allay itching.

Emol flour as dusting powder.

Hydrargyri perchloridi and acid
nitric dilute as lotion.

Plumbi acetas cum lactis as lotion is
very useful to allay itching.

Sodium phosphate i-dr. doses, or
sodium salicylate, is very efficient.
Uterine Affections—

Acid carbonic as vaginal injection
to relieve neuralgia of the ute-
rus.

Aquapuncture very useful to relieve
uterine colic.

Arsenic & Kr* after meals, if the
uterus is irritable, is very useful.

Baths, of warm salt water, are useful
in nervous uterine neuralgia.

Chloroform spray to relieve uterine
neuralgia.

Uterine Cancer-

Acid carbolic, a weak solution as in-
jection, is a nice disinfectant and
allays pain.

Acid carbonic solution injected into the
vagina relieves pain.

Arsenic in small doses internally ; arse-
nic with strong solution of iodine and
glycerin locally useful to retard the
growth.

Bromine, the best escharotic to destroy
the growth.

Chloral hydrate as an anodyne is very
useful to relieve pain.

Chloroform spray is useful.

Erysipelas toxin for injection pro-
duces erysipelas and cures cancer.

Uterine Congestion— Hypertrophy —

Abdominal bandage, skirt support-
ers.

Abstinence from sexual inter-
course.

Acid carbolic on a probe wrapped
with cotton into the cervix or
uterine cavity checks uterine
catarrh.

„ chromic, a nice application to
the interior of the uterus.

Vinegar as lotion.

Warm baths are very useful.

Zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, each 3,
with acid carbolic 1, lime
water 25, and rosewater 25,
as lotion to relieve itching.

„ oxide with acid salicylic and
starch as a dusting powder.

Iodized phenol is very beneficial as an
intra-uterine medication. It is
applied by a probe covered with
cotton wool. It removes cervical
mucus, relieves pain, softens and
dilates the cervix, removes abra-
sions and erasions ; under its use
the menses become regular, diges-
tion improves, and barrenness, if
any, disappears.

Lead plaster to the back relieves
pain.

Glycerin of tannin with carbolic acid
locally to check discharge and
stench.

Iodine saturated solution thoroughly
applied to the entire surface of the
cancer checks haemorrhage and the
extension of the disease.

Iodoform as insufflation or as sup-
pository with cocoa-butter inserted
into excavations caused by cancer.

Medicines are cnly palliative.

Surgical measures are useful.

Thyroid preparations internally had
curative effect on carcinoma of the
cervix.

Electricity, galvanic current, slowly
interrupted in chronic congestive
enlargement of the uterus.

Glycerin tampon to the os and cervix
as a local hydragogue.

Glycozone is a very useful applica-
tion to the tumefied cervix and
uterus.

Gold salts in chronic metritis with
scanty menstruation.

UTERINE INFLAMMATION.

589

Hot water as injection or hot douche ;
also cold alternately. Elevated
hips is a most effective measure of
treatment.

iodine tincture if injected into the
cervix is a reliable alterative and
excitant of uterine contraction and
local stimulant.

Iodoform with tannic acid (1 to 8)
as suppositories in inflammatory
and hypertrophic condition of the
uterus. It is equally useful in
chronic metritis.

Iron as a tonic with other restor-
atives as cod-liver oil or with ergot,
quinine, arsenic and potassium bro-
mide is very useful in uterine con-
gestions and hypertrophy.

Uterine Inflammation — Metritis — Endometritis — Perimetritis — Parametritis and
Uterine Catarrh —

Acid carbolic undiluted alone or with
hydrastis locally to the cervix
on cotton wool wrapped on a
probe in uterine catarrh.

„ chromic I5grs. in hot water 1 oz.
locally applied as a caustic to
the cervix and cavity of the
uterus when slough is required,
used only after dilatation of
the cervical canal.

,, nitric solution 5 grs. to 1 oz. of
water in uterine catarrh ; fuming
nitric acid applied locally to the
cavity is safe, but produces too
much cicatricial tissue.

Glycerin of iodine, bromine and
mercury for local application.

External remedies . — Blisters, compound camphor liniment with tincture aconite
and chloroform to the hypogastrium, curetting to remove any vegetation, glyceroles
of glycerine, butter of cocoa, cosmoline, vaseline, &c., hot foot-bath, leeches to
the hypogastrum if the patient is plethoric, pencils of nitrate of silver, sulphate of
zinc, tannin, plagets of tr. iodine, iodoform, perchloride of iron, nitrate of silver
solution, nitric acid locally, poultices to the abdomen, puncturing of the cervix,
vaginal injection of hot water to abort the attack of cellulitis.

Uterine Tumours—

Ammonium chloride 10 grs. benefits in Calcium chloride 2V gr. valuable to
fibrous tumours by restraining cure uterine fibroid, polypi, etc., it
bleeding. calcifies uterine arteries and also

those of the body generally.

Hot water injection about the os very
valuable if given for a long time.

Iodine with glycerin and hydrastis
to the os cervix in endometritis.

Iodized phenol — 1 of iodine to 4 of
carbolic acid applied to the cavity
gives relief.

Iodo tannin locally in chronic cases.

Iodoform as insufflation to the os or as
suppository into the rec-
tum in endometritis.

,, as suppository into the
rectum or in pencils into the uterine
canal.

Sexual intercourse avoided.

Mammary and parotid extracts given
internally in subinvolution and
menorrhagia.

Pessaries if there is any displacement.

Potassa caustica and potassa cum
calx are nice and effective applica-
tions in chronic metritis.

Potassium bromide has soothing
properties ; it diverts the blood from
the uterus and lessens conges-
tion. Used in subinvolution.

Rest is essential.

Scarification after dry cupping in
chronic metritis.

Zinc valerianate 2 grs. internally, a
nice nervine tonic.

590

UTERINE ULCERATION

Iron sulphate if injected restrains
bleeding.

Mammary extract is very useful in
curing uterine fibroid.

Mercury bichloride tV gr. restrains

Uterine Ulceration— Cervicitis — Ulceration

Acid carbolic locally over the surface
of the ulcer.

,, ,, iodine and glycerin as

tampon.

,, salicylic, with camphor, alcohol
and petroleum ointment locally for
indurated os.

Alum used as dusting powder or as
ointment or solution applied to the
os uteri or into the uterine cavity,
or as vaginal injection or as bath,
i oz. in i gallon.

Bismuth subnitras as a dusting pow-
der or with glycerin as a cream
as an application to the os.

Uvula, Relaxed —

Alumen exsiccatum locally.

Ammonium bromide i to 25 of water,
a soothing and astringent applica-
tion, or used as a gargle.

Vaginismus—

Avoid sexual intercourse.

Ether anaesthetic by inhalation if due
to displacement, fissure, cellulitis.

Injections, hot water, into the vagina.

Iodoform in suppository if vagina is
red and excoriated.

Vaginitis — Vaginal Catarrh-

Alterative and resolvent as plumbi
iodide, potassium iodide and potas-
sium bromide.

Bismuth carbonates with zinc oxide,
and belladonna as pessaries.

Emollients as bismuth oxide, zinc

haemorrhage in fibrous or polypoid
growths.

Recumbent posture while bleeding
occurs.

Saline mineral waters are very use-
ful.

and Erosion of the Os-

Chloral hydrate solution locally.

Creosote 1, with alcohol 10, glycerin
20, locally applied to ulcers on the
neck.

Glycerin 100, alcohol 50 and creo-
sote 4, application to the ulcers.

Glycozone locally applied to the
ulcerated cervix.

Iodoform and tannin packed round
the os.

Nitrate of silver, solid stick applied to
the surface of indolent ulcers after
cleaning and drying with cotton
wool.

Amputation of the elongated portion
after applying 20 per cent, solution
of cocaine.

Astringent lozenges of zinc and
tannin.

Removal of a portion of the vaginal
mucous membrane on each side
of the vaginal orifice.

Tents impregnated with various
sedatives to dilate the vagina.

Thiol 1 and glycerin 2, applied as
tampon into the vagina.

oxide, borax with opium as injec-
tion.

Hip bath with poppy heads.

Silver nitrate solution 1 to 12 locally
to the cervical canal and to the
vaginal mucous membrane.

External remedies. — Vaginal injections of cold and warm water, plain or
medicated, of gases as carbonic acid gas, or of vapours as chloroform,
ether, &c.

VARICOSIS.

591

Varicosis— Varicose Veins — V aricocele —

Alcohol injection into the vein.

Bandage or elastic stockings.

Chloral hypodermically.

Cold douche to the perineum and but-
tocks.

Flannel compress with solution of
perchloride of iron.

Ichthalbin.

Variola — Small-pox — Eruptive Fevers —

Acid carbolic with almond-oil or
starch as paste locally to
prevent pitting.

,, salicylic 1 dr. to 2 ozs. of hot
water to sponge the skin as a gargle
to the throat, also given internally
if diarrhoea exists.

Chloral if high fever, delirium and
restlessness.

Collodion, gutta-percha or india-
rubber solution in chloroform to
prevent pitting.

Eucalyptus oil as antiseptic inunction.

Ichthyol.

Injection of coagulating agents into
large vessels.

Iodine with tannic acid as local injec-
tion.

Iron persulphate injection.

Operation — obliteration of the veins
by wire ligatures.

Suspension of testicles.

Iodine tincture as a paint to prevent
pitting.

Iron and quinine internally if tend-
ency to haemorrhage.

Lime liniment applied to the face or
neck.

Salol in mild cases to lessen local
irritation.

Silver nitrate solution 20 grs. to i
ounce as a paint or a silver nitrate
stick inserted into each vesicle after
rupture to prevent pitting.

Vaccinia antitoxin is very useful.

External applications. — Baths of corrosive sublimate, fats smeared over the
face to allay itching and prevent pitting, exclusion of air from the pustules,
ichthyol locally to prevent pitting, rice flour 1, starch 1, zinc carbonate 3 with
zinc oxide 1 and olive oil 3, for application, vinegar with cold or tepid water
to sponge the body. Keep the parts in a moist state to prevent hardening of the
scabs.

Diet. — Tea, dry toast, raw eggs, milk, beef-tea, ripe fruits.

Formula. — To prevent pitting — tannin ]/2 dr., oxide of zinc y2 dr., calomel
5 grs., ext. opii 4 grs., cerate 1 ounce, as application.

Vertigo — Dizziness, Aural vertigo, or Minear’s disease. It may be due
to disordered stomach or liver, or to general debility, rarely to organic brain

affection —

Ammonium bromide with cascarilla
in vertigo from over-work, attended
with restlessness, depression of
spirits and sense of impending evil.

Electricity, the constant current, one
node over the cerebral vertebrae
and the other over the ear is of
great benefit.

Gold salts in vertigo due to gastric
disorders or to cerebral anaemia.

Iron citrate and strychnine in vertigo

without any other head symptom
and with depraved nutrition.

Mercury bichloride with cinchona
and peppermint water is useful.

Nitroglycerin is useful in epileptic
vertigo.

Potassium bromide useful in paroxys-
mal vertigo without any organic
brain affection.

Tonics before meals and sodium
bicarbonate after meals.

592

WOUNDS,

Visions. — They are affected by several drugs whichact on the sight centres
in the cerebrum, chiefly on the angular gyrus and occipital lobes. Thus : —

Alcohol produces hallucinations and
delirium.

Bromides in large doses, visions of
an intense character impressed
permanently.

Vulvitis — Pruritus Vulvae— •

Alum i to 8 as lotion in vulvitis of
children.

Arsenic is useful for eczema of vulva.

Lead acetate lotion as wash after the
acute stage or concentrated solution

Cannabis, pleasant visions.

Digitalis, presence of light subjec-
tively.

Sodium salicylate, disagreeable vi-
sions.

in glycerin locally to relieve itching
or eczema.

Sodium hyposulphite in lotion for
excoriation sores or aphthae of the
vulva.

Wounds — Bed Sores, Gangrene, Inflammatory Ulcers

Acetanilid, a dusting powder, over
wounds.

Acid, boric, as a bactericide, in lotion
(i in 100), also as ointment as
dressing for wounds.

„ carbolic, solution checks
suppuration and corrects
fcetor.

,, salicylic, used as a dusting
powder to gangrenous and
sloughing wounds.

,, sulphurous, diluted in solution
or by fumigation, being less irri-
tant, is superior as an antiseptic
to carbolic acid.

Alcohol alone as an antiseptic dress-
ing for suppurating wounds, or with
camphor and castile soap as anti-
aymotic or antiseptic dressing for
contused wounds.

Ahtomol, a powerful astringent, desic-
cant and antiseptic, very useful for
deep wounds.

Ammonium carbonate hypodermic-
ally injected into the vicinity of
wounds caused by poisoned arrows
is very useful.

Aristol locally, a good substitute for
iodoform.

Bismuth oxyiodide dusted into a
wound as an antiseptic non-irritant
stimulant of granulation, an excel-
lent dressing for wounds after
approximation of the edges.

Bismuth subgallate, a non-irritant,
having bactericidal and drying
properties.

Charcoal (wood) or yeast poultices.

Chloral hydrate, analgesic and anti-
septic locally.

Creolin or lano-creolin in solution or
ointment i to 20 of lanolin or as
dusting powder.

Earth dressing.

Europhen and aristol equal parts as
a dusting powder, or as an oint-
ment 10 per cent, to sores and
wounds.

Formalin as an antiseptic is very
beneficial.

Gutta-percha dissolved in turpentine
or chloroform as a protective to
wounds.

Hydrargyri bichloridi (1 in 1,000) as
an antiseptic for washing a cavity
or wound and saturating the dress-
ings.

Hydrogen peroxide liquid, as spray
wash or irrigation.

Ice and salt applied to wounds to pre-
vent inflammation.

Iodoform alone as a dusting powder
on sloughing wounds or irritable or
ill-conditioned ulcers or sores, or
with collodion (1 to 9) as a paint on
superficial wound while edges are
held together.

Lysol obtained from tar oil 1 to 2 per
cent, in solution locally.

writers’ cramps or scriveners’ palsy.

593

Nitrate of silver to destroy unhealthy
granulations.

Oakum.

Petroleum with olive oil, locally.

Styptic colloid, local, to prevent bed-
sores.

Turkish baths.

Water dressing, hot water pre-
ferred.

Writers’ Cramps or Scriveners’ Palsy—

Bromide of zinc.

Counter-irritation if due to tender
nerves.

Galvanic current.

Yellow Fever —

Acetanilid, or antipyrin, in the early
stage.

Acid, carbolic, internally or hypoder-
mically even after the coffee
ground vomit.

,, nitrohydrochloric dilute inter-
nally.

Alkalies to counteract the hyperacid-
ity of the stomach and intestines.

Ammoniated chloroform as a seda-
tive, analgesic, and antipyretic.

Calomel at the beginning as a purge,
followed by warm-water enema.

Nux vomica.
Phosphide of zinc.
Rest.

Chloroform, a few drops before each
meal.

Cold sponging in the beginning, no
time to be lost.

Diaphoretics, laxatives and diuretics.

Lime-water with milk to check vomit-
ing.

Potassium acetate for the kidneys.

Rest is all important.

Stimulants as champagne.

Sulphur or sulphurous acid baths.

Sulphuric acid if vomiting of blood.

Diet . — Milk and lime-water.

library

75

INDEX AND POSOLOGICAL TABLE

It contains the names and adult doses of important drugs and of preparations
described in the body of the work.

PAGE

Abdominal plethora . . .. 417

Abrak . . .. .. .. 133

Abrasham ash, 3 to 10 grs 98

Abrastol, 10 to 30 grs. . . 279

Abscess 417

Absorbent cotton .. 44

Abstracts .. . . 38

A. C. E. mixture .. .. .. 291

Acet phenetidin, 4 to 15 grs. .. .. .. 352

Aceta (Vinegars) 38

Acetanilide 1 to 3 grs. . . . 280

Acetic acid ester of tannin, 3 to 8 grs. .. ,366

,, aldehyde .. 298

,, ether, 20 to 40 ms 293

„ ,, of salicylic acid 306

Aceto bromanilid, 3 to ij grs. 30 3

„ caustin 285

,, pyrine .. .. .. .. 281

Acetol salicylate, 10 to 25 grs 358

Acetone, 60 to 90 ms 281

,, diethyl sulphone, 10 to 30 grs. .. 365

Acetum cantharides 88

Acetyl amido benzene, x to 3 grs. . . . . 280

,, benzene, I to 5 ms. .. 3 33

,, methylid .. .. .. 281

,, para amido salol, Io to 20 grs. .. 361

,, para ethoxy phenyl urethane, 5 to

15 grs. .. . 367

„ , , oxyphenjd urethane, S to

10 grs 346

,, phenyl hydrazin, § to 2 grs 332

Aoid, acetic glaciale, B. P 281

,, aceto propionic .. 304

,, acetylo salicylic, 5 to IS grs 306

,, albuminate of iron, 8 to 1 S grs. .. .. 325

,, alphatoluic, 1 to 3 grs. .. . , .. .. 288

,, A. naphthol carbonic .. .. v.. .. 34s

,, anisic, 2 to 6 grs. .. .. 281

„ arsenious, & to Tx5 gr 237

„ boric, 5 to IS grs. . 282

,, cacodylic, 1 to 2 grs. .. 283

,, carbazotic, ^ to 2 grs .. .. 288

„ carbolic, 1 to 3 ms 283

,, carbo naphthoic .. .. 345

,, carbonic 28 3

„ carypohillic 321

,, chloracetic 285

,, chromic ., , . ., 150

PACE

Acid, cinnamic, 2 to 5 ms 286

„ citric, s to 20 grs 286

„ cresotic, 2 to io grs 286

„ cresylic 286

,, di-bromogallic, 5 to 15 grs 286

1> di-iodo salicylic, 15 to 60 grs 287

m ,, oxyphenic 206

>t tt thio salicylic, 3 grs 148

j, ,, 1, trichlor salicylic 148

,, fluoric dilute, 10 to 30 ms 148

,, formic 148

„ glyconic 287

,, guaiacol carboxylic 330

„ hippuric 174

,, homotoluic, 1 to 3 grs. .. .. .. .. 288

,, hydriodic, 20 to 60 ms. (syrup) .. .. 145

,, hydrobromic dilute, 10 to 30 ms 147

,, hydrochloric dilute, 5 to 2o ms 141

„ hydrocinnamic, 1 to 3 ms. .. .. ... 288

,, hydrofluoric dilute, io to 30 ms... .. 148

„ hyperosmic. 249

,, hypophosporous, 2 to 5 ms 131

,, iodo para phenol sulphonic 364

„ ,, salicylic, 20 to 40 grs 286

,» lactic 287

„ levulinic 304

,, methyl para oxybenzoic .. .. .. 281

,, morrhuic 80

„ naphthol carbonic 345

„ nitric fumans 109

,, nitro hydrochloric .. 109

,, oleic .. 287

,, orthophenol sulphonic .. 306

,, osmic solution. 1 p. c., 2 to 8 ms. .. 249

„ oxalic, Yz to ^ gr 288

„ ortho oxy benzoic, 5 to IS grs 289

,, oxynaphtholic, I to 3 grs. .. .. . . 287

,, paracresotic .. 286

,, phenic, 1 to 3 grs 283

„ phenyl acetic, 1 to 3 grs 288

,, ,, amydo acetic 307

,, phenyl propionic, 1 to 3 grs. .. .. 288

,, phosphoric, 1 to 4 ms. .. .. .. .. 131

,, picric, ^ to 2 grs 28S

„ pyrogallic, % to I gr 289

„ pyrogentisic, Y to 2 grs 332

,, pyrolignic 281

,, pyrophosphoric .. .. 299

596

INDEX

„ salicyl sulphonic

j, stearic

„ sulph-anilic, IS to 30 grs.

aromatic, 5 to 2o ms.

j, tartaric

,j „ phenic, % to | gr.
,, trinitrophenic, % to 2 grs.
Acidi anhydro orthosulphamide

4 to 3 grs

Acidity of the stomach . . . •

Acipensor huso

Acne • • • .

Actinozoa »

Actol

Addison’s disease . .
Adeps benzoatus . .

„ lance anydrosus

Adepsine

Adhesive plaster . .

Adhesol

Adrinal extract ..
Adynamia

After-pains

Agathin, 4 to 8 grs. . .
Agurin, 5 to 10 grs. ..
Air oxidized turpentine

Airol

Ajirana kantak rasa . .
Akolethe, 10 to 30 ms.

Alabaster

Alanine mercury ..

Albargin • •

Albocarbon .. < . . .

Albuminoids

Albuminuria

Albumen ovi

Alcohol of naphthalene
„ absolute . . . »

,, allylice ..

frumenti

methylice

Alcoholism

Aldehyde

Alembroth gauze
Algeroth powder .

PAGE

PAGE

289

Alizarin, yellow .. ..

327

289

Alkalies

148

364

Alkaline earths

184

3°6

9 9

mineral waters

1 04

70

Alkaloids

11

290

Alligators

97

306

Allyl hydroxide .. ,.

296

125

,, sulpho carbamide, 1 to 5 grs

369

. .

126

thio urea, 1 to 5 grs

369

di-

j, tribromidum

298

126

Alopecia

422

290

Alpha eucaine hydrochloride, 10 to 20 ms. ..

323

2S5

,, naphthol

369

Alphol, 8 to 30 grs. ..

298

288

Alsol . .

298

ue,

Alterativ

es

380

358

Alumen,

5 to 10 grs

200

418

Aluminii

aceto tartras, 30 to 60 grs

298

104

99

chloridum, 2 to 4 grs

201

78

99

nitras

202

419

9 9

potassio salicylas

202

91

9 9

salicylas . . . .

291

9 9

silicas

J34

420

99

sulphas

2o2

69

99

tannico tartras, 1 to 2 grs

366

58

9 9

bisulphis

203

349

99

boroformas

201

356

99

boro tannas

320

291

9 9

boro tartras

3 °9

3°

9 9

naphthol -di sulphonas solution, 1 to

420

5 p.c . ••

299

420

99

salicylicum ammoniatum .. ..

361

295

t 9

sulphis

203

295

Alumnol

299

362

Amaroids . . . . . .

16

295

Amber

75

275

Ambergris

75

295

Amide of eugenol acetic acid

324

195

Amido acet para phenitidin, 5 to 10 grs. . .

352

264

„ benzene

301

295

,, quinolin ..

356

346

Aminoform .. .. ..

327

10

Aminol

299

423

Ammoniated phenyl acetamide, 5 to 20 grs.

299

76

Ammonii arsenitis liquor

238

344

9 9

benzoas, 5 to 15 grs

II 2

295

99

bromidum, 5 to 30 grs

113

296

99

carbonas, 3 to 10 grs,

rI3

298

99

carbozotas, J to 1 gr

118

296

99

chloridum, 5 to 20 grs

ii5

296

0

citras

1x4

296

99

embelas, 3 to 6 grs

1 16

296

19

fluoridum, ^ to gr

1 16

283

99

hypophosphis, 1 to 6 grs

117

421

11

iodidum, 3 to 15 grs.

1x7

298

91

nitras

117

326

persulphas .. ..

117

21a

phospli^Sj e to 2o grs*

I 18

271

11

picras, Ta to ^ gr

299

243

99

pyrogallas

289

INDEX

597

PAGE

Ammonil et rubidii bromidum 249

,j salicylas n8

,, succinas .. •• .. .. .. .. 1x8

„ sulpho ichthvolas, 10 to 3c grs. .. 333

» valerianas, 1 to 8 grs 1 18

Ammonio ferric alum* 3 to 10 grs 207

Ammonium no

,, alum, 5 to io grs

Ammonol, 5 grs 299

„ salicylate, 5 grs 299

Amorphous or red phosphorus 128

Amyl alcohol 29^

,, „ tertiary 3 00

,, hydrate •• 296

,, hydride 299

j, nitris, % to 1 m. internally, 2 to 5 ms.

inhalation . . 299

,, nitrite tertiary (Burtoni’s ether). . .. 300

Amylene chloral, 20 to 60 ms. .. .. •• 30c

,, hydras, 30 to 40 ms. .. .. .. 300

Amyli iodidum, % to 4 drs 300

,, salicylas, 3 grs 3°i

Amyloform 3 00

Amyloid bodies J2

Amylosin .. .. .. . .. 70

A. naphthol • 34 5

Anaemia 4-2

Anaesthetics .. 379

,, ether .. .. .. 299

,, Parson’s 317

Analgene, 5 to iS grs 301

Analgesics 381

Analgesine, S to 20 grs. .. 301

Anamonobenzoil 356

Anaphrodisiac 3^2

Anasarcin 301

Anda 75

Anesthyl . 294

Anestile 294

Aneurism 423

Angina catarrhalis 423

Angina pectoris 423

Anhydroglycochloral, 3 to xo grs. .. .. 316

Anhydrotics 383

Anilin, red, % to 2 grs. .. . . .. .. .. 327

Aniline 301

Anilipyrin, 8 to 15 grs 301

Animal ashes.. .. .. .. .. .. 39

Anjabin 83

Anjan .. .. 244

Annelida hirudinea 90

Annidalin .. .. .. . . 306

Anodyne 381

,, amyl colloid . . .. 299

Anorexia 424

Anozol 336

Antacids , . 379

Antagonists 2 3

Anthelmintics •• 384

Anthrops mineralis 275

Antiarthrin, 15 to 25 grs

Antidiphtherin .. .. .. .. ..

Antidotes ..

Anti emetics .. . . ..

Aniifebtin .

Antifungin

Anti kamnia, 5 to 15 grs. .. .. ..

Anti kol, 5 to 15 grs ..

Antilithics

Antimonium

Anti nervin, 5 to 15 grs

,, nonnin

„ nosin, 3 to 8 grs

,, periodics

,, phlogistine

,, phthisin i. .. ..

„ pubescents . . . .

,, purulents

,, pyonin

,, rabic virus

„ sepsin, 3 to 15 grs

Antipyretics

Antipyrin, 5 to 2o grs. .. .. .. ..

„ amygdalate, 5 to 15 grs.

,, caffeine citrate, 8 to 15 grs...

,, iodide, 15 to 20 grs

„ salicylate

,, salol

Antipyrine aceto salicylas, 1 5 to 30 grs.

Antiseptic eau de cologne

,, ozonic ointment

Antisepticine

Antiseptics

Antiseptin

Antiseptol

Antisialagogues ..

Antispasmin, £ to 1 gr

Antispasmodics ..

Antitetraizin, 3 to 6 grs.

Antithermin, 3 to 6 grs. ..

Antitoxin

Antityphoid serum

Antivenomous serum

Antrophores

Anusol

Anytin

Anytols . . . . . . . .

Aperient fruit lozenges ..

>, salt

Apetol .. .. ..

Aphonia.. .. .. .. ..

Aphtha; stomatitis . .

Apis mellifica

Apolysin, 8 to 30 grs

Apoplexy .. .. .. ..

Aqua chlori . .

„ chloroform, | to I

,, hydrogenii poroxidi, J to 2 drs. ..

PAGE

301

33
2.1

J* 4

280

302
302
302
3*6
24 3
302
302

3C2

3*7

302

36

389

389

302

34

303
388
302
370
344

sQ

360

3^3

281

272

1 ox

304
3*9
3°4
3°4
392

304
392
304
3 04

33

35

34
38

304

304

304

IS*

176

424

424

86

3°5

140

313

100

59§

INDEX,

PAGE

Aqua mellis .. . . «. . . .. . 84

5, sedativa .. .. kii

Argentamine. . .. J05

Argenti citras „. .. •• . . .• .. . . 234

3, lactus . . »• 291

„ nitras, § to § gr. .. 234

„ oxidum, | to 2 grs . . .. 2j5

„ sulphocarbolas . . .. 237

Argentol.. .. . . •• .. . . 305

Argentum „ . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . 233

Argol . . .. .. •• . . .. . . «. • • 163

Argonin .. .. .. „. . . .. »• .. 3°5

Argyria . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. 234

Aristol .. 306

Arsenate of iron . . 207

,, sodium .. . . .. 164

Arsenic .. •• . . .. „. 237

,, butter .. 238

Arsenical cigarettes . . . . 238

Arsenii bisulphidum, to gr. .. . . .. 241

„ iodidum, 55 to § gr 241

,, oleas .. .. . . .. 241

Arsiny], § gr. o. . . .. . > 306

Arterial transfusion .. •• 4

Arthrop’s mineralis, I to 2 grs 275

Artificial Carlsbad waters 105

Asaprol, 10 to IS grs. , . . .. 279

Ascites .. oj 426

Aselline . • .. * 80

Asepsin . . . . . . . . S°3

Aseptol .. 3C6

Ashes . . >. . . • . . . 38

Asperin, 5 to IS grs 306

Asphalt .. «. .. . . • • • •• . . 3° 9

Asphyxia .. 426

Asthenopia 426

Asthma 427

Atheroma 429

Auld’s acetanilid compound, 5 to 15 grs. .. 307

Auri arsenii et hydrargyri bromidi, 5 to 10

ms. 248

,, bromidum, 1° i gr 247

,, iodidum.. 3?£

,, et iodini chloridum 248

,, et sodii chloridum, gg to J gr 248

Aurum .. 246

Avicula margaritifera 97

Azotas 253

Bacillol . . .. .. 307

Bacterio therapy . .. -. .. 32

Baidan 75

Balanitis 429

Bandharo, 2 to 6 grs 202

Barium salts.. 197

Basic dithio salicylate of bismuth 368

Basicin 307

Bay rum .. 297

Beaver 54

Bed-sores .. .. „. .• . . . . , » , . 429

PAGE

Beef tallow .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 58

Benger’s liquor pancreaticus, 1 to 2 drs. .. 71

Benz anilid, 1 to 6 grs 307

Benzbetol, So to 90 grs. .. 307

Benzine, 5 to 20 ms . . . . 307

Benzo iodhydrinum, 1 to 2 grs. .. .. .. 307

,, paracresol. .. .. .. 308

Benzol, S to 10 ms. .. 307

Benzosol, 4 to 10 grs. 308

Benzoyl anilid .. ... .. 3°7

,, ester of guaiacoh 4 to 10 grs. 308
,, phenyl amido acetic acid . . .. 3°7

„ pseudo tropeine . . .. .. .. 3 70

,, ortho sulphonic imide, | to 3 grs. 358
Benzoyl morphine hydrochloride, | to \ gr . . 351

Beri-beri.. .. .. .. 430

Berlin red .. .. .. 138

Bertoni’s ether .. . Joo

Beta eucaine hydrocloride, 10 to 2o ms. . . 323

„ mono-hydroxy-naphthalene 3 to 10 grs. 344

„ naphthol, 3 to 10 grs .. 344

„ „ benzoate, 4 to 8 grs 308

Betol, 2 to 8 grs 308

Bezoar animal .. 61

,, mineral .. .. .. 137

Bhasm .. 6

Bid lavana .. . . 173

Biliousness 430

Bismal, I to 5 grs. .. 308

Bismuthi et ammonia citras liquor, 2 to

I dr 259

,, beta naphtholate, io to 2o grs. .. 348

,, benzoas, 5 to 20 grs. 259

,, carbolas, 10 to 30 grs 261

,, carbonas, 5 to 2o grs 260

„ et cerii salicylas, 5 to 20 grs. . . 260

,, citras, 2 to 5 grs. .. 260

„ dithio salicylas 368

,, iodopyro-gallate 260

,, loretinas, 8 grs 260

,, methylane de gallata, 2 to 5 grs. 308

,, oleas .. .. 260

,, oxybromidum, 5 to 10 grs 261

,, oxychloride, 5 to 20 grs 261

,, oxyde, 5 to 10 grs .. 261

,, oxy iodidum, 2 to 4 grs. . . .. 261

,, „ iodo-gallas .. .. .. .. 295

,, „ nitras . . . . 262

„ salicylas, 5 to 20 grs 262

phenylicum, 10 to 30 grs 261

phosphas, 3 to 8 grs 261

pyrogallas, 2 to 8 grs 331

sodium phospho salicylate .. .. 3C9

sub benzoas 259

,, gallas, 5 to 30 grs 320

,, iodidum, 2 to 4 grs 308

,, nitras, 5 to 20 grs 262

sulphis, 5 to 20 grs 263

sulpho carbolate, 3 to 8 grs. . . 263

,, phenylas, 3 to 8 grs 263

INDEX

599

PAGE

Bismuthi tribrom carbolas, 5 to 20 grs. .. 372

>> )> phenol, S to 20 grs 372

Bismuthol 3°9

Bismuthum peptonatum, 80 grs 26i

,, purificatum 258

Bismutose, 15 to 30 grs 309

Bites of venomous insects 430

Bitumen 309

Black salt . . .. .. . . .. 173

,, sulphide, 1 to 2 grs.. 275

,, wash .. .. .. .. 274

Bladder, irritable. . .. 431

Blaud's pills 209

Bleaching powder .. .. .. I91

Blepharitis 432

Blistering fluid 90

Blood desiccated, Io to 30 grs 67

Blue stone .. 257

,, vitriol 257

Bodar kakro 254

Boils.. .. 432

Bole Armenian .. .. 138

Bolus .. 3 9

Bondault’s pepsine .. .. 72

Bone diseases .. .. .. 4 33

„ marrow extract 27

Boracite, 60 grs 184

Boral 309

Borax, 5 to 20 grs. .. .# 165

Borine, 1 to 2 drs. .. .. 282

Boro glyceride, 15 to 60 ms 32g

Borobenphenene .. „ 309

Borolyptol, 1 to 2 drs 282

Boron 139

Borothymol zinc iodide .. .. 304

Borsalyl 282

Bos taurus 59

Bovril 60

Branalcaine 310

Brandish’s alkaline solution, 10 to 30 ms. .. 152

Breath, foetid or foul 433

Brenzcain 310

Bright’s disease .. 434

Brom ethyl formine, 10 to 30 grs 310

Bromalin, 10 to 30 grs. .. 3*o

Bromidia, 30 to 60 ms 310

Bromine 146

Bromipin, 30 to 60 ms. .. .. 310

Bromocoll, 15 to 45 grs .. 310

Bromoform i to 2 ms 3 1 1

Bromol 311

Bromopyrin, 5 to 10 grs 311

Bronchiectasis .. .. .. .. 435

Bronchitis .. .. 435

Bronchocele 438

Bronchorrhoea 439

Bruises .. 440

Bryant’s amesthetic 1

Bubo 439

Burnett’s disinfecting fluid •• 226

PAGE

Burns and scalds 440

Burnt lime 94

,, sponge 193

Butter of antimony 243

Butyl chloral hydras, 2 to 6 grs. as analge-
sic, and 5 to 20 grs. as hypnotic 3 11

Cachets .. .. 39

Cachexia

Cacoon . . 98

Cadmium 232

,, iodide .. .. .. .. 232

,, salicylas 232

„ sulphate 233

Caffeine sulphate 346

Calamina preparata 225

Calcii boras, 2 grs 187

,, carbidum 187

,, carbonas precipitatus, 10 to 60 grs. . . 188

,, chloridum, 5 to 15 grs .. .. 189

,, chlorinata 19 1

,, et ferri lacto phosphatum syrup \ to 1 dr 193

,, glycero phosphas, 3 to 10 grs 189

,, hydras 189

,, hippuras, 5 to 20 grs 192

,, hypophosphis, 3 to 10 grs 191

,, lactas, 1 to S grs 192

,, lacto phosphatus syrup, 1 to 2 drs. .. 192

,, oxidum 193

,, permanganas, 1 to 2 grs 193

,, saccharatum, 8 to 30 grs. 190

,, salicylas, 2 to 20 grs 194

,, sulphas exiccatus, 10 to 30 grs 194

,, sulphidum, £ to 1 gr ic,6

,, sulphophenas 195

Calcineration 7

Calcium 187

,, carbide 187

Calculi .. .. . • .. .. 442

Calcusol .. . . 312

Calomel, i to 5 grs 272

Calx 193

,, chlorata 140

,, chlorinata, I to 3 grs 191

„ iodinata liquor, 5 to 20 ms. .. .. .. 192

„ sulphurata, | to I gr 196

Calxspar 187

Camphylene .. .. 346

Cancer .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. 443

Cancrum oris 445

Candle fish .. .. .. .. 82

Cane sugar 13

Cantharidate of potassium, to gr.

hypodermically.. 88

Cantharis vesicatoria, -}6 to £ gr 87

Canton’s phosphorus 196

Capsules 39

,, amyl nitrite, 1 to 5 ms. •• •• •• 299

,, chloroform, 10 ms. .. .. .. .. 317

„ ethyl bromide; 5 ms- 293

Goo

INDEX

PAGE

Capsules ethyl chloride, 5 ms. • • .. .. 294

,, „ iodide, 5 ms 2 93

,, ,, ,, and chloroform, 5 ms. 293

,, „ guaiacol, 5 ms S29

,, „ hypnone, § m. with almond oil. 333

,, ,, ichthyol, 4 grs 334

,, ,, iso butyl nitrite, 3 ms, .. .. 338

„ ,, morrhuol, 30 ms 79

„ „ nitro glycerine, 2 ms. . . • • 34b

,, „ xylol, S to io 372

Carbamide, 5 to 20 grs. 3 12

Carbanilic ether, 3 to 6 grs 32 4

Carbo animalis purificatus, 20 to 60 grs. .. 120

,, ligni, x to 2 drs tig

Carbolized silk 2&3

Carbon tetra chloride.. •• I22

,, bisulphide, % to I I2i

,, dioxide

Carbonatide strontionas, 5 to 30 grs i9§

Carbuncle •• 445

Cardin 59

Carlsbad salt, artificial I05

Carminatives 394

Carmine chloral 87

Carnis 59

Castoreum 54

Catalepsy * •• •• 44^

Cataplasma carbonis !I9

Catarrh nasal .. ..

Cathartics

Caustic lime *93

Celerina, I dr 3* 2

Cellulose •• •• •• 12

Cephalopoda 94

Cera ^4

Ceratum calamine

,, plumbi subacetate 252

,, resina; .. 356

Cerebral anaemia 44$

„ congestion 44&

Cerebrin 2^

Cereoli iodoformi, et eucalypti 336

Ceresin, I to 6 grs 3 12

Cerevesia lactis 65

Cerii oxalas, 2 to 10 grs 203

Ceromel . . . • ^4

Cervus dama 57

,, elaphus 55

,, equnus •• 55

Cetacea 73

Chalk I^7

Chakmak pathar •• •• •• 215

Chalybeate plaster 104

, , waters . . . . I04

Chandi .. .. 2^3

Chapped hands .. .. •• •* •• •• •• 449

Charta 4o

epispastica 88

nitrata •• •• J58

Charta ozone papers

,, papier iodogen ..

,, papier zinc

Chemical food, % to 2 drs.

Chenolia

Chikna sumbal

Chikni mutti

Chilblains

China clay ..

,, septol

Chinoidinum, I to 5 grs

Chinolinum, 3 to 10 ms

Chinosol, 5 to 15 grs.
Chinotropine, 30 to 90 grs.
Chionia, 1 to 2 drs.

Chloracetic acid

Chloral amide, 15 to 45 grs. ..

,, ammonia, 5 to 20 grs.

,, antipyrin, 15 grs. .. ..

„ bacid, 2 to 5 grs

,, cyan hydrate ..

,, formamide, 15 to 45 grs.

,, hydrate, 10 to 25 grs...

,, imide, 4 to 8 grs

,, urethane, 10 to 3 o grs.

,, hydras cum camphor . .

Chloralose, 3 to 10 grs

Chloramyl ..

Chloratol

Chloralum .. .. .. .. . .

Chlorosis

Chloric ether, 30 to 40 ms.
Chlorinated ethyl chloride

,, lime

Chlorobrom, to x oz. ..

Chloroform, 1 to 5 ms

Chlorophyll ..

Chlorphenol

Cholera ..

„ toxin

Chondrin

Chorea . .

Chowka nimak

Chrisma

Chromic anhydride

Chromium

Chyluria

Cimolite,.

Ciliary excitants

Cinnabar

Cinnamyl metacresol, 8 to 20 ms.

,, guaiacol, 2 to 10 grs.
Citrine ointment . . .. ..

Citrophen, 3 to 8 grs

Clemens’ solution, 1 to 5 grs. . .

Coccus cacti ..

Cochineal . . .

Cocerin

Cocoon

PAGE

158

144

228

217

97
270

135

450

135
321
556
312
312
3-3
3D
285

3D

333

315

3H

314
3H

315
372

3H

316

317
3‘ 6
3i6

451
294
3 2 3

191
316
3 16
3 '8

369

45i

76

79

453
168

349

150

223

454

136

404

276

332

364

268

318
340

86

86

86

98

INDEX

601

Cod fish . . • . . . * . . .

Cod-liver oil . . .. ..

Coleoptcra . . . . . . . .

Colic

Collapse

Collargolum .. . .

Collodions

Collodium, aristol

,, carbolic acid .. ••

,, ichthyol

„ iodi, Jo grs. in i

„ ,, cum iodoformi .. .. «.

,, iodol cum iodoform

„ salicylicum cum zinci chloridi ..

,, ,, et hydragyri per-

chloridi . »» • .

„ salol .. . . -

,, vesicans . .. ..

Collyrium adstringens luteum

Colouring matters

Coma ureemic •• «»

Common earth worm . . . . . . . . . .

Conch shell

Confectio sulphuris compositus, 60 to 1 20

gfrs

Conjunctvitis .. ..

Constipation.. .. .. ..

Convalescence .. ..

Convulsions .. ..

Copperas, I to 5 grs .. ..

Corallium rubrutn .. .. ..

Corneal opacities

Corns and warts ..

Corrosive sublimate . . . . « . . • . .

Cosmine

Cosminol —drugs soluble in cosminol . . . .

Cosmolime . .

Coster’s paste

Cotarnine hydrochloride, £ to £ gr. .. . ,

Cough .. .. .. .. ..

Cowry

Cozalgia ..

Crayons

Crealbin ..

Cream of tartar, 20 to 60 grs

„ mercury zinc-cyanide

Creatine ..

Creasotal, 5 to 20 ms. . . . . . .

Cremor bismuth with cerium . .

,, eucalypti compositus

,, salicylic

,, zinc .. .. .. . . . • . . . .

Creolin, I to 5 ms

Creosal, 15 to 30 grs

Creosotal, 5 to 20 grs

Creosote, 1 to 5 ms. ..

,, phosphos, 5 to 20 grs

Crcoscte, valereanas, j to io ms

76

PAGE

Cresalol, 2 to 10 grs.* • .. 320

Cresin J20

Cresol salicylas, 2 to 10 grs. .. .. .. .• J2o

Cresols ortho, meta and para 320

Cresotinate of sodium, 5 to 15 grs. .. •• 36J

Cresyl J20

Creta preparata, 10 to 60 grs 1 18

Cristalline 320

Crocodyle 97

Crocus of mars .. .. .. 214

Croton chloral hydrate, 2 to 6 grs. as anal-
gesic, 5 to 20 grs. as hypnotic 311

Croup .. 46i

Cuprum salts 256

Curd soap 57

Cutol J20

Cuttlefish bone 94

Cyanosis .. 462

Cybium commersonii 81

Cypraea moneta .. .. .. 95

Cystitis 462

Dagadi hartal 241

Daru Iavanam 151

Dashta .. .. 224

Deafness 464

Debility.. .. .. 464

Deer’s horn .. 57

Delirients J95

Delirium 464

,, tremens 464

Dementia 46s

De methyl arsenic cacodylate 242

,, benzene, 10 to 15 ms; 372

Dengue fever 465

Dental anodynes . . .. J96

Dentition .. 465

Deodorants 397

Deoxidizers J<;7

Depilatory 197

Depilatories 398

Depressants 398

Dermatol, 5 to Jo grs. . . 320

Desiccants 399

Des-oxy-alizarin joi

Dextroform 320

Dextrorotatory hydrogen tartrate, 5 to 20

grs. .. 290

Dextrose ij

Dhanya abrak I34

Dhobi’s earth 1^8

Diabetes. 4'6

Diabetic sugar .. .. ij

Diabetin .. 320

Diacetic ester of morphine, to h Sr ?Ji

Diacetyl tannin, J to 8 grs J66

Dialysed iron 211

! Diamine silver phosphate .. 305

Diaphoretics -• 3j9

page

79

80

87

• 455

456

234

40

3°6

284

333

142

142

336

226

270

360

2Jl

14

456

90

171

95

123

456

457

458

458

219

92

459

459

270

41

41

349

M3

364

460

95

461

48

JI8

163

228

60

318

260

80

289

229

3i8

3X8

J 20

Jl8

353

~ * ->

602

INDEX.

PAGE

Diaptherin .. • . - 321

Diapthol .. .. .. 321

Diarrhoea . . . . . . .. 466

j, mixtures . . . . . .. . „ . • 262

Diastase.* .. . .-. 14

Diatomic phenol, 5 to 2o grs 357

Dibromo gallic acid, 5 to lftgrs. .. ... .. 327

Dichlor ethane .. .. .. 325

,, methane, I to 2 drs - £43

,, methyl chloride, 1 to 5 ms. .-. .. 3 16

Dichloride of ethidene .. .. .. .. .. 323

Dichlornaphthalene • • .. 34 s

Didymin .. . . 29

Di ethyl methane. . .. •. .. 367

,, ,, oxide .. .. . 291

„ „ sulphone .. .. 367

„ ,, sulphon methyl ethyl methane, 10

to 30 grs. 370

„ ethylene diamine, 4 to 10 grs» . . .. . . 354

,, hydroxy succinic acid, 5 to 2o grs. . . .. 290

„ iodo beta naphthol .. . . 3 21

,, ,, di thymol .. .. 306

„ ,, form 323

„ ,, methyl iodide, y2 to J grs. .. .•»- 33 6

„ ,, ,, oxide, 1 to 3 grs. .. .... 336

,, ,, para phenol sulphonic acid .. .. 364

„ methyl amido antipyrin, 3 to 8 grs. .. .. 335

„ ,, benzene 372

,,. ,, ethyl carbine chloral. 2o to 60 ms. 54 2

ry ,, „ carbinol, 30 to 80 ms. .. 300

.j >. ,, chloral 300

,, ,, ketone .. 281

,, piperazine tartrate,. 4 to 10 grs. 341

„ oxy anthranol .. .. 301

,, ,, phenic acid, | to 1 gr. .. .. .. .. 289

Diluents .. .. 400

Dimatos .. .. .. ... .. 136

Dionin, y to r gr ... .* ... 321

Diphtheria .. 469

Dipotossic hydric phosphate, 1 to 10 grs. .. 160

Discutents 400

Disinfectants 400

Disinfecting fluid ,, .. .. 361

Disinfectol .. 321

Disodium methyl arsenate, ^ gr. . . . . 306

,, hydrogen phosphate, 2 to 4 drs.. . 176

Dispermine 354

Dithio salicylate of sodium, 3 to ro grs. .. 321

Dithion, 3 to lo grs 321

Dithymol iodide •• .. .. .„ 306

Diuretics .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 401

Diuretin, 5 to 15 grs 321

,, lithium, 5 to 15 grs 372

Donovan'3 solution, 5 to 2o ms. 267

Dormiol, 5 to 30 grs 232

Douche 107

Drakshe lavanam .. .. 163

Dropsy .. 471

Dulcin 365

Duodenal catarrh . . . . 472-

pase:

Duotal, 3 to 8 grs. .. . ... ... .... 32^:

Dutch liquid 294

Dymol .. .» .. .. 32S

Dysentery .. .. .. „. .. 472

Dysmenorrhcea .. .. 473;

Dyspepsia .. .. . . .. .. ... 474

Dysphagia .. .. .. „ 47,6

Dyspnoea 476

Ear affections . . ... .. .. ... ..

Easton’s syrup, J to I dr.

Eau de cologne, 1 to 2 drs. .. .. ..

,, ,, luce, % to dr. .. *

Ecbolics ... . . .... . .

,, sedative de raspail ..

Ecthol, 5 dr. .. .... .. ..

Ectropion

Eczema .. ... .. . .

Eka iodoform ... .. .. ..

Elepizone, I dr. .. .. . .

Elixir antipyrin, 15. grs

,, aromatic .. ..

,, ferri phosphatis cum quinmaset strych-

ninae, I dr

„ glusidi

,, paraldehyde, 1 to 3 drs. .. ..

,, phosphori, 15 to 60 ms

,, saccharin .. .. ..

,, sodii bromidumj 10 grs. to 1 dr....

,, of vitriol, 5, to 20 ms»

Emaciation .. .. .. ..

Emetics. ~ .. •. . . ..

Emmanagogues ..

Emol ... ..

Emphysema of the lungs .. .. ... ..

Emplastrum

ammoniaci cum hydrargyro ..

cafefaciens (1 in 25)

cantharides (1 in 3) . . . .

cephalicum .. .. .. .. ..

fern (1 in 1 1) .. .. .. ..

hydrargyry stearates (1 in 3)..

xchthyolli

plumbi (i in 2)

plumbi iodide (1 in ig) .. ..

resince

roborans .. .. .. .. ..

salicylicum

thuris .. .. ..

zinci .. . . .. .. ..

Empyaema

Emulsine gum resins. . «. .. .. ..

Emulsio abrak kalk ..

„ iodoform ..

,, olei morrhuae hypophosphitum,

2 to 8 drs

,, ,, morrhuae, 2 to 8 drs. ,. ..

,, cum calcii hypophosphitis .. ..

,, cum calcii lacto phosphatis ..

,, pancreaticus, 1 to 3 drs. .. .. ».

477

217;

297

hi

40 2'

ID

322'.
477
477
322
1 67
41
302

217

35$

351

129

353

167

126-

479
402:
402
130'

480 •
42

42’ •
89

214,

2 64

79

255
25J

256

289

214.

229

480

17

1.34*

33<>

8®

81

81

8f

7,19

INDEX

603

^ftjulsio potrolei et hypophosphitum ..

Endocarditis . . . ..

'Enema catharticus (magnesii sulphate)

,, defibrinated blood (1 in 8), 10 to

30

,, glycerinum .- . .

,, saline solution . . . . .

,, sodii salicylate, 1 dr. in J pts. of
water ... . . .» .. ..

Enteritis •».

Enterol .» .. .» .. .. ..

Enuresis .« .. .. . . .. , ..

Enzymes pancreatine . . .. . . .. .. •» .

Eosote, 3 to 10 ms. .. .. .-. .. ..

Epicarium purum .-. .-. .. ..

Epididymits . .. . „ .. ..

Epilepsy . .

Epistaxis .. .. . . . . .. .. , . ..

Epsom salt .. ..

Ergo apiol, 2 grs .. .. .. ..

Errhines .. ..

Erysipelas ..

„ toxin ..

Erythema .. ..

Erythrite tetra nitrate, \ to I gr. . .

-Erythrol nitras, ^ to I gr

,, tetra nitrate, £ to 1 gr

Escharotics

Esophageal affections .. .. .. .. ..

-Essence of beef .

,, pancreatin .. .. . • • •

Ethene chloride

Ether, 20 to 60 ms

,, absolute . • •> ..

,, acetic, 60 to 90 ms

,, anaesthetic compound . .

,, bromatus, I to 2 drs. •• .. ..

,, chloric, Jo to 40 ms .-. ..

,, hydramyl

,, hydriodic

,, hydrobromic, 1 to 2 -drs.

,, hydrochloric

,, petroleum .. .. ..

,, phosphorated, I to|io ms. .. ..

,, purificatus, 20 to 40 ms.

,, sulphuric, 10 to 60 ms. .. .. ..

,, salicylic A naphthol, 3 t© 8 grs. ..

Ethereal oil . . .. .. ..

,, ox 3Tgen tincture of iodine .. ..

,, tincture of phosphorus -. . .. ...

Ethidene di chloride .. .. ..

Ethoxy caffeine, I to 4 grs. ..

,s phenyl succimidi

Ethyl acetate, 20 to 40 ms

„ alcohol . .

,, bromide, I to 2 drs

„ carbonate, 15 to 40 grs

„ chloride

n chlorinated chloride

„ dimethyl carbinol ..

PAGE

Ethyl ether .. . . - 291

„ hydroxide, 10 to 30 ms 296

,, iodide, 5 ms. .. .. 293

„ nitrite, 20 to 60 ms . . 294

,, phenyl carbonate, 3 to 6 grs 324

,, urethane, fo to 30 grs. J70

Ethylate of sodium solution 363

Ethylated chlornl urethane, Jo to6o ms. .. 363

Ethylene bromide, 1 to 2 ms. .. .. .. .. 294

1, diamine silver phosphate . . . . 305

,, bichloride .. .. .. 3.’- 3

„ dichloride 294

„ ethelyn diarrline, io to Jo ms. . . J4i

„ periodide 323

Ethylenimine, 4 to 10 grs. .. .. .. .. 354

Eucalembroth gauze.-. .. .. 171

Eucasein 64

Euchinin, 3 to 15 grs

Euchlorine solution .. . . .. .. .. 170

Eucosol .. 304

Eudoxin, 3 to 8 grs. .. • 32 J

Eugallol .. .. .. J24

Eulachon oil .. .. .. .. .. 82

Eunatrol, 4 grs. -.. .. .. .. 324

Euphorin, 3 to 6 grs. -. . -. . 324

Euphormal .-. .. . . 282

Euresol . . .. 325

Europhen .. 325

Eurosm, 8 grs 372

Eurybin 352

Euthymol . . . . . 282

Exalgin, 1 to 4 grs. .. .. .. •• .. 3 25

Exhaustion .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . . 486

Exhilerants .. .. .. 4°4

Exodyne, J to 10 grs 325

Exostosis . . 486

Expectorants .-. 404

Extract carnis .. .. 59

pancreatin 71

Eye diseases 487

Eyelids . . . • . . * • * • . . 487

Faduj madani IJ7

Favus - 488

Fel bovinum purificatum, .5 to ij.grs. .. .. 61

Felspar

Fermanglobin, J to l dr 63

Ferments, digestive 14

Ferrated extract of apple • • • • -*04

Ferratin, 8 to 15 grs - 325

Ferratum pomi .. .. .« •• 204

Ferri acetas liquor, 5 to 15 ms 206

,, albuminatus .. 206

,, et ammonii citras, 5 to 10 grs 206

M ,, ,, sulphas, 3 to to grs. « .. 207

,, ,, „ tartras, 3 to 20 grs 207

,, arsenas, Tlg to gr 207

,, benzoas, 10 to 15 grs. .. .. .. -- 208

,, bromidum, 3 to 10 grs. .. „. .. ..

PAGE

349

481

186

67

328

I71

*T7

481

322

481

70

•322

322

482

482

484

186

322

4°J

484

•56

485

32J

•323

3*

403

486

58

7®

294

:29l

291

293

292

293

316

292

293

293

294

307

291

-891

291

298

292

99

291

3-2.3

323

355

29 3

296

293

371

294

■ 323

joo

604

INDEX'.

PAGE

Ferri carbonas saccharate, to to 30 grs. .. 209

,, caseinatum.. . .. 209

,, chloridum . . 209

,, citras liquor, 5 to 15 ms. . • 2.1 1

,, dialysatus liquor, 20 to Jo ms 211

,, et strychnina; citras, 3 to 6 grs. .. .. 218

,, fluoridum, to J gr. .. .. .. .. 212

,, glycerophosphas, I to 5 grs..« .. .. 212

,, hypophosphis, 2 to 5 grs... 212

,, iodidum saccharatum, 2 to 5 grs. .. 218

?. „ l to $ grs . . •• 2ij

,, lactas, 2 to 10 grs . . .. . . 213

,, liquor oxidum .. .. .. 214

,, malas, Z to J grs 204

,, et magnesii citras, } to 15 grs 214

,, ,, ,, sulphas, 2 to fo gfs. .. 214

,, oleas, 2 to 3 grs .. 214

,, oxalas .. .. .. .. . . 214

,, oxidum magneticum, § to 10 grs. •• 214

,, oxy hydras 216

oxydum rubrum 214

,, oxypersulphate, 3 to 6 grs. .» .. 214

,, peptonati liquor, 1 to 4 drs... .. .. 216

5, perchloridum, 1 to 4 grs.. 209

3, pernitratis liquor, 5 to 1 5 ms 216

,, peroxidum hydratum cum magnesia,

1 oz 214

,, phosphas, 5 to 10 grs. .. 217

„ picras, 1 gr 217

,, potassio tartras, 5 to 10 grs.. 221

,, pyrophosphas solubilis, 2 to 8 grs. .. 217

,, pyrophosphate, 2 to 8 grs 216

,, et quininae chloridum, I to 2 grs.. .. 210

,, quininae citras, 5 to 10 grs 218

3, et quininae citras solubilis, 3 to 5 grs. 218

,, quinize et strychninae citras, J to 10 grs. 218

,, -•••alicylas, J to 10 grs. . .. 218

,, sesquioxidum .. .. .. .. .. 214

,, succinas, I to 5 grs 219

,, sulphas, 1 to 5 grs. 219

,, ,, exsiccata

,, „ granulata 219

,, sulphidum, J to \ gr 220

,, valerianas, 1 to 3 grs.

Ferric chloride antipyrin, 8 to 15 grs 326

oxypyrate 214

Ferrier’s snuff .. 262

Ferro manganese pepfonate and haemoglo-
bin, \ to IE dr. .. 325

„ pyrin, 3 to 8 grs.

,, somatose, 1 to 2 drs .. 60

,, stypine.. .. .-. ... 326

Ferruginous waters .. 104

Ferrum

,, caseinatum .. .. .. .. .. .. 209

,, dialysatum .. .. 2ix

,, redactum 204

„ tartratum, 5 to 10 grs c9 .. 221

„ vitriolatum, 1 to 5 grs. 219

Fever .. .. .. .. 487

Fistula .. .. ..

Flatulence ..

Flowers of arsenic . . . .

,, 3, lead «• •• •• ••

,3 „ sulphur

Fluorine

Fomentations .. .. .. ..

Formalin .. .. ..

Formanilide, 1 to 4 grs. ..

Formazol

Formic aldehyde ..

Formiri, 5 to 15 grs. .. ..

Formol .. .. „. .. .. ..

Formyl iodide

,, fetchloride, I to 10 ms.

Fossil encranite

Fossiline .. ,» ..

Fowler’s solution, 2 to 8 ms. . .

Fractures

French chalk..

Friedrickshall water .. .. ..

Fuchsine, i to 2 grs

Fuller’s earth ..

Fumigation de-chlore .. ..

Fumigations.. . .

Fumus pocassii nitratus .. ..

Fusel oil. . . . .. . . . . . .

Gabhan

Gadduin . .

Gadus morrhua

Gallacto phenone.

Gallal

Galactagogues

Galacfafuge

Gallanol

Gallate de bismuth .. ..

Gallicin .. .. .. .. .. ..

Gallinae

Gallobromal,' 5 to 15 grs
Gallus bankiva .. ..

Gandhak

Gangrene . . . .

Gasteropoda. .

Gargarisma

,, acid carbolic..

,, borax

„ chlorine'..

,, honey and brandy

,, potassii chloratis

Gastritis.. .. .

Gastric catarrh

,, dilatation

,, ulcer

Gaurochan

Gauze alembroth

eucalembroth .. . . ..

,, iodoform

,, mercuro zinc cyanide ..

, , salol . . . , . . . . . .

pA6e

489

489

237

254

122

148

43

3 26

326
J 26
>26

327

326

336

316

194

349

238

490
133
105
323
1 36
32 1

45

158

296'

i95
80
79
32 7
3 27
4°S
4o 3
327
320
32*7
7S
327

.. .. .. 1 22

49o

.. .. 95

43

284

166

140

• 84

• • •• • » 154

492

.. .. .. 492

49i

* 493

61

43'

27s

336

228

3 6c?

INDEX.

605

PAGE

Gauze boric 282

Gelatin de bromo tannate Jio

Gelatinum zinci, IS to 45 grs 229

Gelatum petroleum 349

Geoline , 3 49

Geosote, 1 to 3 ms j28

German ichthyol, 2 to 6 grs .. 368

Geru chandan i^7

,1 matti .. ••

Ghanda marjora . . *• *•

Ghilodi

Ghutado

Gil i abrorshi • ♦ ••

„ armani . .

5 j far

5) maktum . . * •

,, multani

„ surkh ‘ •

Glacialine

Glandular affections

Glandutin

Glass soluble or water-glass .. .. « . ..

Glauber’s salt . . • •

Gleet

Glaucoma

Globinol, 5 grs

Glonoine .. .. ..

Glossitis • . . .

Glottis cedema of. .

Glukusin, y2 to 3 grs

Glusidum, to 3 grs

Glusimide, % to 3 grs

Glutol .. *

Glycerin

„ enemata .. ..

Glycerinum, 1 to 2 drs

„ acid borici (6 in 2o) . . . . . .

A ,, carbolic (1 in 5)

„ ,, cum aqua rosa ..

„ „ ), cum ferri diace-

tatis

>*

y>

it

>1

»

99

99

99

99

99

aluminis (1 to 6)

,, et acidi tannici .. . .

bismuth nitras, 60 grs. to 1 oz.
bone marrow extract, y2 to 1 dr.
boracis (1 to 6) .. ..

carmini

ferri dialysati, 30 to 60 ms.
hydrargyri perchloridi

iodi

plumbi sub acetatis, I to 2 drs.
saponatum .. .. ..

Glyceritum boro glycerini

,, ferri bromidi, % to 1 dr. •• ..

,, hypophosphitum compositum ..
,, iodide .. .. .. .. . . ..

,, vitelli ..

55

97

47

tj8

138

138

138

302

493

*33

178

496

494
}28
346

495
495
358
358
358
328

44

328

282

284

284

284

328
328
263
27
328
328
21 1
272
I42
252
328
328
2o8
130
213
328

Glycero phosphate of calcium, 3 to 10 grs. . . 130

Glycerol .. .. 338

Glyceryl trinitrate, 203 to 53 gr 346

PAGE

Glyco gelatine 328

,, heroin solution, I dr 33 1

,, zone, 1 to 2 drs 329-99

Glycocoll para phenetidin hydrochloride .. 35 3

Glyconin .. ,. .. 32)

Goda lavana 17 3

Godanti hartal .. .. 195

Gold .. .. •• .. m» .. .. 246

Gonorrhoea . < .. 495

Gopi chana .. .. .. .. 133

Goru chana .. . . 61

Goulard’s extract 255

Gout .. . . . . 497

Granulae dioscorldisj 1 to 5 238

Granulations 498

Granules effervescing exalgine .. . . .. 325

,, lithium citrate 182

,, ,, salicylate 183

,, magnesium sulphate 186

,, salicylic acid 289

,, sodium phosphate .. .. .. .. 176

11 t, salicylate 177

,t tt sulphate 17S

Green iodide of mercury 268

,, vitriol 4. .. . 2ig

Grey oil 264

»» powder 188

Griffith’s mixture .. ..

Guaiacetin, 8 to Is grs.
Guaiacol .. .. .. ..

,, benzoas, 4 to 10 grs 308

,, benzyl ether .. 310

t> Calcii .. 4 . .. 330

, darbonas .. .« .. .. .. j22

,, dnnamate, 2 to lo grs 364

,, daCodylate .. 283

,, phosphas, $ to id g'rs 330

,, salicylas, 10 to 30 grs. 330

,, salol, lo to 30 grs. 330

,, valerianas, 1 to 3 ms 328

Guaiaperol, 5 to 30 grs 330, 353

Guethol, 1 to s ms* 331

Gums ulcerated or spongy 49^

Gum resins ij

Guttae .. .. 44

Gypsum

Haddi ka kolsa .. *.
Haemagallol, 2 to 8 grs. ..
Hsemalum bromatum.. ..
Haematemesis . . . . . .

Haematin albumen, 1 to 2 drs
Haematocele-pelvic
Haematogen, I to 2 drs. ..

Haematuria

Haemol, 2 to 8 grs

Haemoferrum * . .. ..

Haemoglobinuric fever ..

Haemoptysis , ,

HaemorrhagUe diathesis . .

120

67

J3*

499

68

499
67

500

67

68
500
500
.501

6o6

INDEX

PAGE

Haemorrhage, intestinal 502

31 puerperal .. .. .. .. 502

Haemorrhoids .. .. . , .. .. .. 502

Haemostatics 405

Hajr al bahr .. .. ,, . . 137

Hajr al yahudi * 194

Hajr armani .. ■, .. 138

Halogens 140

Haloids . 140

Haransing . .» ,, 57

Hard paraffin . . . .. . . 540

Hartal .. .. »» 242

Hathidant .. .. . , .. 68

Headache .. .. 509

Hearing .. . . . . .. 512

Heart affections .. 512

,j dilated . „ 512

3. fatty SEj

,, hypertrophy of .. 5 1 J

,, irritable . 513

,, valular disease of .. .. .. ». .. 513

Heatstroke „ 5x4

Heberden’s ink .. . . . » 204

Hebra’s diachylon ointment ,, 254

„ itch ointment 123

Hectic fever .. . » .. .. 514

Hedonal, 10 to Jo grs 33 1

Helcosol, 2 to 3 grs. . . jji

Hemiplegia . . 503

Hemiptera 89

Henman’s soluble mercury, J to 2 grs. . . 270

Hepar sulphuris, 2 to 6 grs. 162

Hepatic congestion . . . . . . 503

,3 cirrhosis.. 504

,, waters .. .. .. 110

Hepatitis .. .. ». .. 505

Heroine, x1^ to | gr. .» .. •• J31

Herpes 5° 5

Heto cresol, 8 to 10 ms 3J2

Hexa hydro pyrazine, 4 to logrs .. .. .. 354

,, methylene tetramine brom ethylate,

10 to 30 grs J27, Jro

,, ,, tetramine tannin, I gr .. 366

,, ,, tetramine 327

,, methyl para rosaniline hydrochlorate. 354

Hiccough • .. .. 507

Himrod’s cure 158

Hingula .. .. 276

Hippurate of lithium .. .. 183

,, ,, sodium ». .. «. I74

Hirakashesh .. 219

Hirudo .. 90

Hoffman’s anodyne .. .. .. 291

Hog 69

Holocain 332

Homburg’s sedative salt, 5 to 15 grs. .. .. 282

Honey 46

Hookka .. .. .. . . .. 45

Hot bath 107

Hydracetin, % to 2 grs. .. .. 3 34

PACE

Hydramyl pentylene .. .„ .. .. . . .. 299

11 ether. . .. «. «. «. .. .. 292

Hydrargyri amido propionate 264

,, bin cyanidum, ^ to \ gr. .. 266

,, et ammonii chloridum .. .. 271

,, et arsenic iodide liquor .. .. 267

,, benzoate .. .. 266

,, carbolate, \ to 2 grs .. 266

,, chloridum corrosivum, to x^gr. 270

,, di-iodo-paraphenol sulphonate,

I to 1 gr 273

,, gallas, | to I gr. .. .. .. , . 26S

,, iodidum flavum, Txu to | gr. . . 268

>> ,7 rubrum 267

,, imido-succinas .. .. 275

ii naphthol acetate, | to 1 gr. .. J4J

,, nitras . 268

9 9

nitratis acidus liquor

268

99

oleatum ..

269

99

oleapalmitas

272

99

oxycyanide . . . .

267

99

oxydum flavum, 2J<j gr

269

99

„ nigrum, ^ to 2 grs. ..

270

99

,, Mtbrum

270

9 9

'oxysulphas ..

270

>v

perchloridum liquor, Jo to 60 ms.

270

>»

persulphas . .

27*

99

pilula, 4 to 8 grs

264

99

et potassii iodidum, is to 5 gr . .

267

99

salicylas, § to $ gr

273

9 9

subchoridum, ^ to 8 grs ..

273

99

succinimidum, § to £ gr. ..

275

99

sulphidum rubrum, gg to go

grs

276

99

sulphuretum nigrum, 1 to 2 grs.

275

>5

tannas, & to 1^ gfs.

277

9 9

thymol acetas, f to l.J grs.

277

99

zinco cyanidum.. .. .. ..

277

Hydrargyrum ..

263

99

ammoniatum

278

9 9

cacodylate ..

283

9 9

cum creta, 1 to § grs

264

99

ttaphtholicum, to 1 gr.

278

Hydrocele

507

Hydrocephalus . .

507

Hydro chloride of mono ethyl estef of mor-

phine, to 1 gr

321

Hydrogen ..

100

99

monoxide

io2

99

sulphide (sulphuretted hydrogen)

127

Hydrogenii per oxidum, % to 2 drs. ..

1 00

Hydronaphthol, 2 grs

332

Hydrophobia . .« ..

508

antitoxin

34

Hydrothorax . . . . 508

Hydroxyl amine 333

Hymnoptera 83

Hypno acetin .. ?J3

Hypochondriasis 508

Hypnol, 15 gfs .. 333

INDEX

607

PAGE

Hypnone, 1 to 4 ms 333

Hypnotics 4o5

Hysteria.. * 3®9

Ichcha bhedi rasa .. . . 279

Ichthalbin, 10 to 30 grs. .. •• 33 4

Ichthargen 335

Ichthyocolla .. .. 7&

Ichthyol albuminate, 10 to 30 grs 334

,, silver anytol •• •• 3°4

Ichthyosis 5*4

Indian wild boar 69

Indifferent thermal waters .. io5

Inflammation, acute 5X4

Influenza •• •• 5*6

Ingluvin, 5 to 10 grs .. .. 73

Injectio hypodermica 45

,, acidi carbolici, 2 to 5 per cent 284

,, antidiphtheritic serum 33

,, antipyrin I gr. in 2 ms. Dose — 5 to

10 ms 302

,, antitoxin serum 35

,, antipyrin et cocaine, 8 to 30 ms. .. 302

„ ether 29l

,, hydrargyri iodide rubri 267

,, iodi fortissima, | gr. in 1 m. Dose

— 3 to s ms M3

„ nitro glycerin, gr. in 1 m. Dose

— I to 4 ms 347

,, sodium chloride (intravenous) .. 17 1

Inosit . . •• *3

Insanity 5*7

Insomnia 5*7

Intermittent fever .. .. 51®

Intertrigo •• .. 5*9

Intestinal obstruction 5J9

Inverted sugar .. 320

Iod antipyrin, 5 to 20 grs 338

Iodia, 1 to 2 drs 335

Iodide of albumen, % to 1 dr 335

Iodine, % to % gr 142

,, anytol . .. .. 3°4

,, carbolized .. .. •« . 144

,, terchloride.. .. .. .. .. .. •• I46

,, trichloride, 2 ms. .. .. .. .. .. 335

Iodized phenol . . .. 144

,, fat, 1 dr 335

Iodoform, % to 5 grs. 336

Iodoformogen .. 338

Iodoformum aromaticum 336

,, bituminatum 338

Iodogen papier I44

Iodo glycerin solution, 10 to 103 ms. .. .. 143

Iodo haemol .. . . .. 34 2

Iodo paraphenol sulphonic acid 364

Iodol, 1 to 3 grs 338

,, bacid 335

Iodopin, 10 per cent, solution 335

Iodophen, 3 to 8 grs. 347

Iodophenin •• ,, 338

Iodopyrin

Iritis ••

Iron ..

,, alum, 3 to 10 grs.

„ bromide, 3 to 10 grs
,, pyrites

,, somatose

Irritability

Irritants . . .. . . . .

Isinglass ..

Isisnobilis

Isobutyl nitrite, 3 to 5 ms.
,, orthocresyl iodide

Itral .

Izol

PAGE

•• 5*9

• . 204

.. 207
. . 208
. • 206

215 — 204
.. 60

.. 5 20

.. 406

.. 78

.. 92

•• 338
•• 325
.. 339
.. 339

Jaham pini .. .. .. .. 103

Jangal .. .. .. 256

Janglee soer 69

Jarisch’s ointment .. .. 289

Jasadna phul .. 230

Jaundice 520

Jew’s pitch 309

Jeye’s disinfectant fluid, 1 to 5 ms 318

Jhadka nimakh .. .. .. .. .. 151

Joint affections 522

Jonk .. .. .. 90

Kachakru 97

Kachbo .. .. .. 97

Kairine, 5 to 8 grs 339

KakidA 97

Kalai .. .. .. 245

Kalamith 173

Kali chuno 19 J

Kalkhapra .. .. 225

KAlu 95

Kandol .. 359

Kani pavzar

>, zeharmorah .. 137

Kaoline .. .. .. .. 135

Kaposi’s ointment .. 344

Kaputin .. .. .. .. 339

Kardin .. .. .. 245

Karri mattee.. .. .. .. ,. 185

Kasturi .. .. .. 53

Keratin .. 339

Keratitis .. .. .. .. 521

Kerme’s mineral .. .. .. 244

Khadi khar .. .. 234

Khadu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 135

Kieselguhr . . .. .. .. .. 136

Killan .. . . .. ,. .. 87

KirA matti .. 135

Kirmaj 86

KolsA kapathar .. ,.

Koumyss .. .. « 6S

Kryofin, 3 to 8 grs 339

Kundc be dastar .. .. .. ,. ,. .. „ 54

6o8

INDEX

PAGE

Labour .. 522

Lacerta agilis . 97

Lactation .. 522

Lactopeptin, 10 to 15 grs 72

Lactophenin, 5 to 1 5 grs J40

Lactophosphate of calcium and iron syrup,

K to 1 dr 19J

,, somatose 60

Lactose 65

Lactyl tropeine, y2 to 2 grs 340

Ladana .. .. .. , . .. 55

Lakri ka kolsd •• 1 19

Lakshataru 194

Lana “wool” .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. 58

,, creolin .. 318

Lanoform 340

Lanolin cream . . 58

Lanolinum cum hydrargyri 264

Lapis calaminaris preparatus 225

,, divinis 202

,, ophthalmicus 202

Lard oil . . . » 69

Largen 340

Laryngismus stridulus .. .. 523

Laryngitis .. 3

Lassar’s pasta (pasta resorcin) 357

Lavana . . 172

Lavulose . . 13, 320

Lead 254

Ledoyan’s disinfecting fluid 253

Leeches 90

Lenigallol .. . . .. • » 340

Lenitives . . 46

Lep * .. .. 46

Leprosy 525

Leucocythemia 525

Leucorrhaea . • . . 525

Leurobin .» .. . . .. .. .. .. .. 340

Levico water 238

Lichen planus .. .. .. 526

Liebisich’s solution, § to 1 p.c

Lime muriate, 5 to 15 grs 189

Linimentum ammoniae (1 in 4) ill

,, calcis (1 in 2 of olive oil).. .. 150

„ chloroformi 316

,, hydrargyri (1 in 6) .. .. .. 264

,, potassii iodidi cum sapones (1 in 9) 571

Lipanin} 1 dr. 340

Liquor acidi chromici (1 to 3). . .. .. .. 223

,, jj osmici I p.c. dose, 2 to 10 p.c.

hypodermically 249

,, „ picrici, I p c. solution, | to 2 drs. 289

,, ,, salicylici, in 1000 189

,, as thy 1 bromidi, I in 2ooj dose \ to

I ounce 293

,, ,, nitritis, 3 p.c.j dose lo to 60 ms. 294

,, aluminii acetici, 3 to 5 ms.. . .. .. 298

,, ammoniae fortis, dose 3 to 6 ms. .. no

,, ,, 10 to 20 ms. no

,, ammonii acetatis, 2 to 6 drs. .. 112 ,

i?AGE

Liquor ammonii acetatisj fortior, | to 1 dr. 201
>> ), arsenitis, 1 p.c., 2 to 8 ms. 238

>> ,j citratis (1 to 4), 2 to 6 drs. 115

>> ,j ,, fortior, | to 2 drs . . 114

,, antimonii chloridum .. .. .. .. 243

,, antisepticus, I to 5 ms. 318

,, arsenicalis (arsenous acid 1 p.c.), 2

to 8 ms 152-238

,, aristol ethereus .. 306

,, arsenii et hydrargyri iodidi (arseni-
ous iodide, 1-100), dose 5 to 20

ms 240-267

,, arsenici bromatus 1 p.c., 1 to 5 ms. 240

,, jj hydrochloricus (arsenious

acid 1-100), dose 2 to 8 ms 238

,, auri et hydrargyri bromidij dose

5 to io ms 247

,, aurii et arsenii bromidij dose 5 to

10 ms .. .. 247

,, bismuthi et ammonii citras (bism.

citr. t-io)j dose 30 to 60 ms 259

,, calcii chloridi, dose 15 to 50 ms. .. 189

,, chlori, dose 5 to 1 fl. drachm .. .. 140

,, chlorinate (1-10), 3 to 2o ms I92

,, calcis iodinatae, dose 5 to 2o ms.

(10 grs. to 1 oz.) 192

,, calcium hydrate, 5 grs. in 10 ozs.,

2 to 4 ozs 189

,, carmini, 40 grs. to I ounce .. . 86

,, cerii et bismuth .. 203

,, cocci 87

,, epispasticus local (1 to 2) 89

,, ferri albuminatij 1 to 4 drs 206

,, ,, dialysatus, dose 10 to 30 ms. .. 211

,, ,, hypophosphitis compositusj J to

1 dr. .. 212

,, ,, peptonatij dose 1 to 2 drs. •* 216

,, ,, perchloridi, 5 to IJ ms. .. .. 210

,, ,, pernitratis (ferric oxide, I-20-8),

dose 5 to 15 ms 2 16

,, ., persulphatisj 3 to 6 ms 220

,, glonoinij dose \ to 2 ms. . . . . . 347

,, hydrargyri nitratis acidi .. .. .. 268

,, ,, perchloridi, dose 30 to

60 ms. . . 271

,, iodi fortis 14.J

,, ,, terchloride, dose 2 to 5 ms.. .. 146

,, lithii carbonas effervescens (aerated

lithia water) .. .. .. .. .. 182

,, magnesii boratis 184

,, nitroglycerin, g to 2 ms 347

,, pancreatis, dose 1 to 2 drs... .. .. 71

,, plumbi subacetatis dilutus 252

,, potassae, 10 to 30 ms

,, j, arsenitis 2 to 8 ms 152

,, potassii permanganatis (1 in 500),

2 to 4 drs «. 159

,, sodas chlorinatae, 10 to 20 ms. .. .. 140

,, sodii arsenitis . . ,. 164

INDEX. C09

PAGE

Liquor sodii carbolatis 284

,, ,, ethylatis (i in 20) . . .. .. 36 3

,, trinitrini, |to im. $47

,, trimethylamine, 15 to 45 ms $69

,, zinci chloridi (1 in 12) .. .. . . .. 226

Listerine $40

Lithaemia 526

Litharge . . .. 254

Lithii benzoas, 2 to 10 grs 181

,, bromidum, S to IS grs 181

,, carbonas, 2 to 5 grs 182

,, extras, 5 to 10 grs 182

,, ,, effervescens, 60 to 1 2o grs. .. 182

,. glycerophosphas, $ to 8 grs 18$

,, guaiacas, 5 grs 183

,, hippuras, 5 to 20 grs 183

,, iodidi, I to 5 grs .. .. 183

,, salicylas, 5 to 2o grs 183

,, tartras acida, s to 2o grs. . .. .. 18$

Lithium 181

,, di iodo paraphenol sulphonate. . .. 183

,, diuretin, 5 to 60 grs. . . 372

,, ichthyol •

,, sozoiodol .. •• 18$

Lithontriptics .. .. .! .. j86

Liver sugar 1$

„ of sulphur 162

Lizard 97

Locomotor ataxia 257

Loha bhasru 204

Lohaka ghu 25 1 5

Lokhana 207

London paste .. *69

Lonika .. .. .. , . .. .. 249

Loretin, 8 to 15 grs. .. $40

Losopdan .. 340

Lotio — Acidi carbolici 284

,, ammonii chloridi 115

,, calaminae 225

,, calcii sulphurati 196

„ creolin 318

„ eau de cologne .. .. .. .. 297

„ hydrargyri flava 271

j> 9 9 nigra 274

„ «> rubra 231

Lugol’s solution, 1 to 4 ms 143

Lumbago 527

Lunar caustic .. .. .. .. 234

Lund’s oil 283

Lung diseases .. .. .. 528

Lupus 52^

Lycetol, 4 to 10 grs 341

Lymphadenoma 529

Lymphangitis .. 529

Lyptol

Lysidine, 5 to 15 grs. .. 341

Lysol

Machhi ka siras 78

Madha .« .. *3

PAGE

Magenta, l to 2 grs .. $27

Magistery of bismuth, 5 to 20 grs.« .. .. 26

Magnesia usta . . 185

Magnesii boratis liquor 184

boro citras, 15 to $0 grs. . . .. .. 184

carbonas levis, 5 to 60 grs 185

,, ponderosus, 5 to 60 grs. 185

,, citras effervescens, 1 to 3 drs. .. 186

„ cacodylas 28$

,, glycerophosphas, 3 to 10 grs. .. 130

,, sulphas, 2 to 4 drs. .. 186

„ sulphis, xo to 30 grs 187

Malakine, 60 to 9^ grs. .. 341

Malaria 5J0

Mammalia 5 2

Mammary gland extract 28

Manasila .. •• 241

Mandur .. .. 251

Manganese peptonate 222

Manganesii hypophosphis, 1 to lo grs.. .. 129

,, oxidum prreparatum, 3 to 10 grs. 222

„ phosphas, i to 5 grs 223

,, sulphas, 1 to 5 grs 223

Mangani di oxidum 221

Manganum 221

Mania 5J°

Mannitol hexanitrate, I gr. 342

Maraglianos serum 35

Mastitis 530

Measles 531

Meat extract .. 59

Medullin 28

Meerschaum .. .. 133

Mel boracis 84

,, depuratum

Melancholia .. .. .. 53*

Meningits 532

Menorrhagia 532

Mercauro, 5 grs 342

Mercuro iodohasmol, 2 to 5 grs 342

,, zinc cyanide .. 228

Mercurous gallate 267

,, nitrate .. 268

Merrol .. .. 34’

Meta aldehyde, 2 to 8 grs. .. .. .. .. 342

„ cresol an ytol . . . . 304

,, dioxy benzol, 5 to 20 grs 357

„ idodo orthooxy quinoline ana sulphonic

acid.. .. 341

„ phosphoric acid iji

,, tri iodo cresol . . . . 341

Metasol 304

Methacetin, 2 to 5 grs 342

Methoxy-acet-para-phene-tidin, 3 to 8 grs. 336
Methyl acetarilid, 1 to 4 grs .. .. .. .. 325

,, chlcridum 343

„ di iodo salicylate .. .. .. .. 362

easter of para amydo meta oxy-

benzoic acid, 1 to 3 grs 348

ether of pyro catechin, 1 to 5 ms. .. 293

77

6io

INDEX,

PAGE

Methyl hydrate •• 295

,, para oxy-benzoic acid .. .. .. 281

,, phenyl hydrozone 295

„ propyl carbinol urethane, 10 to 3°

grs .. •• ..

,, salicylas, X to 5 ms 344.

,, tribromide, I to 5 ms. . . .. .. 3 11

,, trichloride, i to 5 ms. .. <*. .. 316

,, tri-iodide, 1 to 3 grs 33 6

,, violet ... .. 354

Methylal, 15 to 30 ms 342

Methylene bichloride . . <>9 . . .. .. 343

„ blue, 1 to 4 grs. .. .. ... .. 344

,, di methyl ether, 15 to 30 ms. .. 342

Methylic alcohol .. .. . .. 295

Mica powder . 134

Microcidine 344

Migranin .. .. ... .. 344

Miliaria , 533

Milk, human , , .. 63

,, condensed , . . . . 63

,, peptonized 63

„ predigested , .. .. .. 63

,j sugar 65

Mintel .. .. 85

Mineral ashes .. . . 39

„ pitch .. 309

„ stone 137

Minium 255

Mistura acidi carbolici, dose \ to I dr 284

,, alba, dose 1 oz .* .. 185

,, amyl nitritis, 4 ms. in 1 oz., dose 2

to 2 drs 299

,, anti choleraica, dose 1 oz 262

,, anti diarrhoea, 1 oz 262

,, bismutbi et pepsinse composita,

dose 1 dr 263

,, creosoti, 1 m. in i oz., dose § to

1 oz 3I9

,, cretae, dose % to 1 oz. .. .. .. 188

exalgin, 5 grs. to 1 oz., dose

K to K oz 325

,, ferri aperiens, dose 1 oz 219

,, ferri aromatica, dose 1 to 2

ozs. .. 204

,, ferri composita, dose 1 to 2 ozs. 152

,, magnesii et asafetida, y2 to 2 drs. 189

,, squibb’s diarrhoea mixture .. , . 49

Molasses •• 13

Molusca .. •• 94

Moma

84

Monobrom acetanilid, 3 to 15 grs 303

,, antipyrin 31 1

,, ethane 293

,, phenyl acetamide, 3 to 1 5 grs.. . 303

Monochlor ethane 294

,, ethyl chloride 323

,, methane .. 343

Monochloral antipyrin .. .. 335

Monol ... .. 344,

Monophenetedin citrate, 8 to 30 grs. .. .. 305

Monophenyl amine 30S

Monsel’s salt-soiution, 3 to 6 ms .. 220

Morathuthu 257

Morrhuol . . .. .. . . 81

Morton’s fluid .. .. .. 143

Moti.. .. .. .. o. 98

Mragnabhi . . 53

Mragshringe .. 56

Murcur .. . . . 268

Murda sang .. .. „. .. 259

Muscarine, to TV gr. .. .. 3 44

Muscovy glass .. . 134.

Musk, 5 to 10 grs, . . S3

Myalgia .. S 33

Mydrine .. .. 344

Myelitis .. .. .. 533

Mylabris cichorii. . .. •• 80

Mytilus margaritiferus .. . . .. 98

Myxasdema .. .. .. ., 533

Nag sambhava .. .. 2S5

Naphthalene, 2 to 15 grs. 345

,, hydrochloride, 3 to 12 grs. .. 346

,, tetrachloride, 3 to 12 grs. .. 344

Naphthalol 308

Naphthol alpha, 3 to lo grs. .. .. .. .. 345

„ beta 344

,, aristol .. 322

,, carbonic acid 345

,„ cum camphora, 2 to 5 ms 345

,, mercury 345

Naphthyl alcohol .. .. 344

Narcotics 407

Nasal affection 534

Nasrol, 10 to 15 grs 346

Natrium sulpho ichthyolicum .. 334

Nausea 534

Naevus .. .. 537

Nebula acidi lactici, I in 16 47

,, ferri perchloridi, 3 grs. in 1 oz. .. 47

Nectriardne .. .. .. .. 346

Neo-saccharin .. .. .. .. 358

Nervous affections s34

Neuralgia .. 535

Neurasthenia .. .. .. 537

Neurilla, % to 1 dr. .. .. ... 346

Neuritis .. .. 537

Neurodin, 15 grs 346

Nimakh-ke-augur .. 163

,, -e-khurdan .. .. .. .. .. 171

Nipples, sore .. .. .. .. 538

Nitrated paper .. .. .. .. .. 158

Nitrite of amyl .. .. 300

,, iso butyl 338

,, ,, sodium 176

Nitro erythrite, % to 1 gr 323

,, mannite .. .. . . .. .. .. 342

INDEX.

61 1

PACli

Nitrogen io8

,, dioxide 108

Nitroglycerin, 5J0 to & gr J46

Nitrous ether, % to 1 dr 294

„ oxide gas .. .. 117

Nodes .. 538

Nosdgar z 1 5

Nosophen, 3 to 8 grs 347

Nuclein 28

Nutritive meat, preparations 59

Nymphomania .. .. 538

Ochre 137

Oculina Virginia .. .. 91

Odontalgia .. ». 539

Okol . 347

Oleanodyne .. .. .. .. 341

Oleatum hydrargyri, 5 to 2o p. c 269

,, plumbi . . .. 254

,, zinci .. . . 228

Oleio creosote 319

Oleite .. >. 347

Oleum adepis .. .. 69

,, aristol (medicated oil). . .. ». .. 306

,, cinereus .. 264

,, etherium — oil of wine 292

,, hartdl oil (medicated) 240

,, kashishd de tel (medicated oil) .. 220

,, morrhuae 79

,, nitro-glycerin . . .. 347

,, petroleum alba •• .. 41

,, phosphoratum .. .. 128

,, resinee .. 18

,, spermaceti .. .. 74

Onychia 539

Ophthalmia .. .. .. 540

Opium habit .. ..

Orchitic fluid 29

Orexin, 2 to io grs. 348

Orpholj 10 to 20 grs. 348

Orpiment 242

Orthoform, 1 to J grs. .. .. 348

,, hydrochloridum 348

Ortho-mono-chlor-phenol. . .. 369

,, oxy benzielic alcohol 350

,, ,, chinolin meta sulphonate .. .. 321

,, ,, ethyl-ana-mono benzoyl amido

quinoline, 8 to 15 grs. 356

Osmate of potassium 249

Otalgia 54 1

Otitis 542

Otorrhcea 542

Ovarian affections 542

„ extract .. 29

,, neuralgia 543

Ovaritis

Ovi vitellus .. .. .. .. .. 76

Ovis aries 57

Oxaluria .. .. 543

Oxidised pyrogallic acid 355

PAGE

Oxy ammonia . . 333

„ chin ascptol 321

,, chinoline ethyl hydride, 5 to 8 grs. .. 339

„ ethyl-acetanilid .. 352

,, methyl acetanilid, 2 to 5 grs 342

Oxygen .. 99

Oxygenated water 100

Oxyphenol, 5 to 2o grs 357

Oysters 95

Ozaena .. 543

Ozokerine .. .. 349

Ozone 99

,, paper 158

Ozonic ether 101

Ozonised ointment ioi

Pachidermata .. .. 68

Padalon 173

Pad-zehar-kani 137

Pain 544

Pdkhan bhed churan 209

Pancha bhadra

,, lavana, 10 to 30 grs 173

Pancreatine, 2 to 4 grs. 71

Pdnisoka .. . , .. 1 35

Paozehar .. .. .. .. 61

Papad khar 151

Papier indogen .. 144

Para-acet-anisidin, 2 to 5 grs. 342

„ phenetidin, 5 to 10 grs 352

„ amido phenol salicylate, io to

20 grs 361

Para bromacetanilid, 3 to 15 grs 303

,, cresyl benzoate .. 308

,, crysol salicylate, 2 to 10 grs 320

,, di ethoxy ethenyl-diphenyl amidine .. 332

,, di hydroxy benzene, y2 to 5 grs. .. 332

,, iodo acetanilid, I to 5 grs 335

,, kajali 265

,, oxy ethyl acetanilid, 5 to 10 grs. .. 35 2

„ tolyl di methyl pyrazolone 369

,, valeryl amido phenetol, I to 5 grs. .. 362

Paraffin* .. .. 348

Paraform, I to 15 grs 349

Paraformic aldehyde . . ... . . . . . . • . 350

Paraldehyde .. 350

Paralysis 545

,, agitans 54.5

Paraphenetol carbamide 365

Paraphenylic ether of cresylic acid, 2 to

10 grs. 3 20

Pararoseline hydrochloridum 327

Parasiticides 4°7

Pd.ro 264

Parrish’s chemical food 217

Parson’s local anaesthetic 317

Parvalu 93

Pasta amyli iodidi 300

„ caustica 193

,, costeri •• 143

6l2

INDEX

PAGE

Pasta gandhak kalk . . . . 124

j, Lassar’s paste . . .. •. 229

j, londinensis 169

„ silajit 309

,, vienensis .. IS 3

„ zinci chloridi 226

Pastillus acidi carbolicli, gr. each . . . . 284

„ bismuthi carbonatis, 3 grs. each . . 260

,, ,, carbonatis cum morphinse

acetatis, 3 grs. and

4Xo gr. each 260

,, hydrargyri perchloride, cum

potassii chloratis 270

,, iodoformi, 1 gr. each .. .. .. 336

Pearl 98

,, ash 151

Pearson’s solution 164

Pemphigus 54^

Pental, 1 to 2 drs 351

Pentyl hydride 299

Pepsinum 72

Peptenzyme 73

Periodo sulphate of thalline 367

Perle’s acid carbolic 284

Pericarditis 546

Peritonitis 546

Peronine, | to % gr 351

Perspiration foetid 547

Pertussis •• .. . . .. .. 548

Peruol .. .. . • . • 352

Peruscabin 352

Pessus chloral hydrate, 10 grs 315

,, glycerinii (suppositories) .. .. «. 328

1, iodoformi, 3 grs 336

Petanelle 352

Petroleum benzin 3°7

,, molle 349

,, spirit .. .. .. 307

Petrosulfol 452

Pharyngitis .♦ 548

Phaseomannit .. . • 13

Phenacetin, 5 to 10 grs. 352

Phenalgin, 5 grs 352

Phenamid, 5 grs. . .. 3 5 2

Phenatol, 5 to 15 ms 35 3

Phenazonum, 5 to 20 grs. 302

Pheno resorcin .. .. *. . . .. .. .. 285

Phenocoll, 5 to 10 grs 352

Phenol •• .. .. 295

,, bismuth 261

,, glycocoll, 5 to 10 grs 352

,, iodatum .. .. - 284

,, mercury 266

,, sodique -- .. .. 284

Phenolid, 5 to 15 grs 353

Phenopyrin, 2 to 5 grs 353

Phenosalyl, 1 to 2 ms 353

Phenyl acetamide 280

,, alcohol, 1 to 3 ms. 295

amine • • • • * • - • 301

PAGE

Phenyl benzamide .. . . .. .. . . .. 307

,, di-hydro-chinazolin, 2 to 10 grs. .. 3^8

,, di methyl-pyrazole, to to 15 grs. .. 333

,, ether of salicylic acid, 5 to 15 grs. . . 360

,, formamide, I to 4 grs 320

,, hydrate .. 283

,, methyl acetone, 1 to 5 ms .. 343

,, salicylate, 5 to 15 grs .. 363

,, urethane, 3 to 6 grs 324

Phetkiri 159

Phlebitis .. .. 550

Phlegmasia dolens 550

Phlegmon .. .. . . .. 550

Phosotol, ^ dr 353

Phosphatic diathesis 550

Phospho ammonii phenyl acet amide . . . . 352

Phosphorus, to ^ gr. 127

Photophobia 550

Phthisis 550

Phymosis .. 4.29

Physeter macrocephalus 77

Pigmentam ferri perchloridi fort. 120 grs. in

1 oz, . . 2lo

,, hydrargyri iodidi rubri .. .. 266

,, iodidi et olei picis (caster’s paste) 143

,, iodini, 60 grs. in 1 oz I44

Pilulae acidi arseniosi, to 55 gr. •• •• 238

,, „ carbolici, 2 grs 284

,, antimonialce compositse 274

,, anund bhairava rasa 277

,, arsenii et hydrargyri iodidi . . .. 267,241

,, asiatica 238

,, butyl chloral cum gelsiminae, 255 g'1’ • • 311

,, calcii phosphatis with ferri phosphatis 193

,, „ sulphidi, Tae to I gr 196

,, creosote, 1 in 3—2 to 6 grs 319

,, Easton’s syrup. . .. 217

,, ferri (Blaud’s pill), 5 to 15 grs 209

219, 207

,, ,, arsenicalis . . .. .. .. .. .. 238

,, ,, carbonatis, 3 to 5 grs 209

,, „ et quinise et strychnino . . .. .. 217

,, ,5 iodide, 3 to 8 grs. 213

,, hydrargyri, 4 to 8 grs 264

,, ,, iodidi flavi . . .. .. .. 268

,, » ,, rubri, yL gr 266

,, j, „ viridis, | to | gr. .. 268

,, 3, subchloridi composita, 4 to

8 grs 273

,, iodoformi, 2 grs 33&

,, phosphori .. l2^

,, ,. cum ferro et quinina .. .. 129

,, plumbi cum opio (12J p. c. opium),

dose — 3 to 8 grs. .. 48

,, potassii permanganatrs, J to 2 grs .. 159

,, sankha vati, 3 to 5 grs 96

,, saponis composito (20 p. c. opium). . 48

,, trium phosphatum .. 217

Pipeclay 135

Piperazine, 4 to lo grs •• 354

-

INDEX.

61 3

PAGE

PAGE

Piperazine, guaiacolate, 5 to Jo grs. . .

• • 3 53

Potassium and aluminum Salicylate ..

• •

l6l

lithia bitartrate

,, bisulphite, J to jo grs

162

„ di iodo para phenol sulphonate

161

99

j, ferro cyanide

Piperonol, io to 2o grs. ..

gfuaiacol sulphonate, I to 2 grs.

JS8

Pixine

„ nitrite, £ to 2 gfs

160

Plant-like animals *

,, osmate . .

16 a

Plasmon.. .. ..

,) cxalate

160

99

cum zinc oxide ..

,, oxychinolin sulphonate* 5 to

15

Plaster mulls

grs

J'J

99

„ silicate

161

99

mercury

j) sozoiodol .. .. .. ..

16 1

,, cum carbolic acid . .

. . 264

Potato spirit

296

99

of Paris

Potstone

13 7

Proboscidea

68

99

carbonas .. ..

Propionyl phenetidin, 4 to 10 grs. as antipe-

99

riodic and 15 grs. as acute neuralgia

«.

37°

99

Propyl amine

37°

99

oleas .. . . ..

,, nitrite

299

99

oxydum

Protargol, 1 per cent, solution . . . .

J54

99

,, rubrum . .

Protogon

29

99

stearas . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pulvis acidi borici compositus.

282

Plumbum

>j ajirana kantak rasa

27 5

Polymer of paraformic aldehyde . .

j, antikamnia compound

302

Polypiferous animals

5) antimonialis (I in J), J to 5 grs.

c .

24 3

Polysolve

„ anund bhairav rasa .. .. ..

276

Poor man’s quinine, 5 to 20 grs

•• 3 57

,, arsenici escharoticus

2j8

Porcelaneous shells

1) basilicus, 4 to 8 grs

274

Porcelain clay

j, bismuth compositus as snuff . .

• •

262

Potash alum

j, creta aromaticus (X in J), 10

to

Potassa caustica

60 grs..

188

99

cum cale .

„ „ „ cum opio (1

of

99

sulphurata

opium in 40), 10 to

Potassas arsenitis liquor

40 grs

49<

188

Potassii acetas, 10 to 60 grs

o ichchabhedi rasa

276

99

benzoas, 15 to 2o grs

,* khapra compound

226

bicarbonas, 5 to 20 grs. . .

99

bichromas, Txa to % gr

„ naphtholi compositus, 5 to 15 grs.

0 #

I /-

544

99

bromidum, 15 to 40 grs

„ pakhan bhed churana . . ..

209

99

cantharidis, 5X2 to tV Sr

j, plumbi stearas

252

99

carbonas

„ powdre astringente de knapp ..

i.

2CO

99

chloras, 5 to 15 grs *

•• 154

„ raj mragank rasa

276

99

citras, 10 to 40 grs

„ salinus anticholericus, 60 grs. ..

0 •

169

11

„ effervescens, 5 to 60 grs.

• • 155

,, sangrahni vajra kapat rasa ..

• .

275

99

cum cale

„ sodii tartratis effervescens. .

169

cyanidum, Tx5 to XA gr

99

hypophosphis, 1 to 5 grs.

.. 156

zinci et hydrargyri subchloridi

# #

229

iodidum, 5 to 20 grs

99

nitras, 5 to 2o grs

Pyraloxin

355

99

permanganas, 1 to S grs.

.. 159

Pyramidon, J to 8 grs.

35 5

3?

phosphasj I to 10 grs

99

salicylas, 5 to .Jo grs.

Pyretine, 5 to 1 5 grs

DOD

355

99

succinas, 5 to 10 grs

Pyridina, 2 to 10 ms

355

»•

sulphas, 10 to 40 grs

Pyrodin, % to 2 grs

535

99

sulphis, 5 to 15 grs

Pyrogallate of bismuth, 2 to 8 grs.

• •

33 1

»

tartra, boras, 20 to Jo grs.

.. 16 J

Pyrogallol . .

289

tartrasj 15 to 2o grs

,, acetate *. ..

289

?<

„ acidus, 20 to 60 grs. ..

.. 16 J

Pyrolusite •• . . ..

221

»

telluras, % to y2 gr

Pyrosol, 5 to Io grs

556

Potassium

Pyroxylin .. .. .. .. .. •• ..

35 5

614

INDEX

PAGE

Pyroxene .. . . •• . • •» •• •• 101

Pyrrol tetra iodide, % to 5 grs SJB

Quicklime *• *88

Quicksilver . . . • . • . • •• • • • • • • -264

Quinalgin, 8 to 15 grs 356

Quinate of lithia 37 2

,, of urotropine, Jo to 90 grs. .. .. 3Jj

Ouininae hydrochloro carbamidum, 5 to 15

'"grs. 371

Quinine ethyl chlcfrocarbonate, 5 to 15 grs. J25

Quinoidine, 1 to 5 grs

Quinol, % to 5 grs 332

Quinolin, J to 10 ms 3*2

,, tartrate, S to 20 grs

Quinoral, 8 to 15 grs "

Quinosol, sto if grs 3*3

Rabies antitoxin •• .. .. .. 34

Rage mahi •• •• «♦ * 97

Raj batis

Raj mragank-rasa .. .. «• •• <• •• 278

Rakta pashan *38

Ras-kapur . 273

„ sindur 275

Ratanjota 202

Rattlesnake poison 34

Rectified spirit 296

Red bole •• •• x*8

,, bone marrow 27

,, chalk •• *38

, , lead •• 255

,, orpiment .. •• 24*

,, phosphorus .. .. *28

Refrigerants 4°8

Reptilia 97

Resham ka-kire 98

Resina * •• •• 3 56

Resorbin 357

Resorcin, S to 20 grs. 3 57

,, monoacetate . . 325

Restoratives •• 4°8

Retinol, 4 to 8 ms .. .# 356

Rhigolene . 299

Rhodalin 369

Rochelle salt . . .. 18°

Rosaniline monohydrochloride .. .. .. J27

Rosin 356

„ oil, 4 to 8 ms 356

Rcsinol, 4 to 8 ms. 356

Rouge .. « 214

Rubidium 249

,, ammenii bromidum, 5 to 20 grs... 249

,, bromidum, 5 to jo grs 249

,, iodidum, 1 to 20 grs 249

Ruminantia .. .. .. 53

Rupu 2JJ

Saccharine substances 13

Saccharinum, \ to J grs J58

Saccharum lactis .. . . 13,65

PAGte

Sajji khar „. .. .. 168

Sal alembroth .. 27!

,, ammoniac .-. . . .. 115

,, bromalide, 5 to 15 grs 302

,, carolinum factitium .. .. 105

,, catharticus . . .. 178

,, diureticus, 10 to 60 grs 149

,, martis, 1 to 5 grs. .. 219

Salacetol, 10 to 25 grs. .. .. 358'

Salactol .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. 359

Salfene ,, .. . . .. .. 339

Salicin, 5 to 20 grs. .. .. 359

Salicyl acetate of antipyrin, 5 to 10 grs. .. 356

,, aldehyde methyl phenyl hydrozone. 295

amide, 2 to 6 grs 359

,, anilide, 10 to 15 grs* 359

,, bromalide, 5 to 15 grs .. 302

,, para phenetidin .. 341

Salicylate de analgesine, 15 to Jo grs. .. 360

Salicylic cream-wool 290

,, ether of A. naphthol 298

,, easter of acetone alcohol, 10 to

25 grs 358

Salifebrin, 10 to 15 grs» 359

Saligallol 359

Saligenin, 7 to 15 grs .. 359

Saline mineral waters 105

Salipyrin, 15 to 30 grs 360

Salitannol 360

Salocoll, 5 to 10 grs. .. .. 560

Salo quinine, 5 to 10 grs .. .. 361

Salo santal, 10 to 20 ms .. . . 36!

Salol, 5 to 15 grs .. 360

Salophen, 10 to 20 grs 361

Salt of tartar 15 2

„ petre .. .. 158

Salufer .... 133

Salumin .. .. .. .. 361

Salutaris .. .. 102

Salve mulls boric .. .. .. 282

,, carbolized 284

Salvo petrolia 349 .

Sambar sing 56

Sambe mani .. 199

Samudra lavana 171

„ phina 94

Sanchal 173

Sand lizard 97

Sang-e-basari 224

Sanga jirun, 5 to 20 grs 137

Sang-i-sar-mahi .. .. .. 194

Sangraf .. 276

Sanguinol * 67

Sanguis bovinus exsiccatus .. .. .. .. 66

Sanitas •• j6l

Sankha •• «• 96

Sankha visha 237

Sanoform •* •• 362

Sapeti

Sapo animalis . . .. .. .. .. «. •• '57

INDEX.

6l.S

PAGE

Saprol ... . . 362

Sarado . . ' 97

Sashraputi abrak .. .. . * .. .. I34

Saturni 251

Saumetto .. 362

Saver mith, 5 to 15 grs. 173

Scheele’s green 257

Sedans liquor 362

Sedatin, 1 to 5 grs., .. .. 362

Selenite .. . . 136

Sepia officinalis 94

Scquardin .. .. .. 29

Serpent stone 408

,, venom 34

Sevum bovinum . . .. 58

,, phosphoratum .. .. .. ... .. 129

33 preparatum . * .. .. 57

Shabli .. .. 199

Shabula 75

Shikhi kanta 257

Shina karani 199

Shohago its

Sialagogues 309

Sidonal, 30 to 90 grs. .. 363

Siegnette salt 180

Silajit 410

Silicic oxide 132

Silicium 132

Silicon dioxide

Silkworm moth 98

Silver .. 233

„ casein 305

,, oxychinolin sulphonate 305

Sindhalona .. 172

Sindhava, I to 2 drs 172

Sindur 255

Sipi 95

Sipichand 270

Sisun 250

Slaked lime 1S9

Soapstone

Soda caustica 168

„ tartrataj 2 to 4 drs 180

Sodii acetas, 20 to 40 grs 164

„ arsenias, 55 to ^ gr 164

,3 benzoas, 5 to 30 grs 165

3, biboras, 5 to 20 grs 165

j, bicarbonas, 5 to 30 grs 169

„ bisulphis, 4 to 12 grs 165

,3 bromidum, 5 to 30 grs 1C7

„ carbonas

„ chloras, s to 15 grs 170

„ chloriduiT>3 10 to 30 grs .. .. 17 1

33 cinnamate .. 332

„ citro tartras effervescens, 6-i to 120 grs. 174

3, creosotas, 2 to 10 grs 653

,, dithio salicylas, 3 to 10 grs 321

„ ethylas

,, fluoridum purum, ^5 to J gr 174

,, fluosilicas .. ,, ,, 134

PACK

Sodii glycerophosphas .. .. 130

3, hippuras, 5 to 50 grs 174

,3 hj'pophosphis, 1 to 4 drs 174

,3 hyposulphis 175

„ iodidum, 10 to 25 grs. 175

33 magnesii sulphas effervescens, I to 2 drs. 179

,3 narceine salicylate3 $ to 1 gr 304

„ nitras, 15 to 30 grs .. 175

,, nitris, 1 to 2 grs 176

3, paracresotas, 4 to 1 gr..., 363

33 permanganas 176

33 peroxidum 101,176

,3 phosphas, 1 to 4 drs 176*

,3 3, effervescens3 1 to 2 drs, .. 176

3, „ exsiccatus, 10 grs'. .. .. 177

,3 pyrophosphas, I to 4 drs 177

,, salicyl sulphuras * 178

,, salicylas, I dr. .. ., .. .. .. .. 177

3, santonas, 5 to 10 grs * .. .. 178

„ silicas 178

„ sulphas effervescens, 1 to 2 drs. .. 178

3, ,3 exsiccatus . . 178

„ sulphis, 5 to 20 grs 179

3, 3, effervescence} 2 to 4 drs 179

33 sulpho carbolas, 5 to 15 grs. .. .. 179

3, thio sulphas, 10 to 25 grs 175

„ valerianas, 1 to 5 grs 181

Sodio ethylas 363

33 magnesii sulphas 179

,, thiobromine salicylate, 5 to 15 grs. .. 321

Sodium 164

,, and silver hyposulphite 237

3, beta naphtholate 344

,, borobenzoate, 5 grs. to 1 dr 167

3, caffeine iodide. 2 to to grs 33 5

,, di-iodophenol sulphonate 364

„ caffeine sulphonate .. 346

„ cinnamate3 8 to 2o ms 332

33 hydroxide 168

„ oleate, 10 grs 372

,3 ortho phosphate 176

„ polyborate .. 302

33 pyro borate, 5 to 20 grs 165

„ sczoiodol .. 364

,3 sulph oleate .. 180

3, 3, ricin oleate 180

„ ,3 venate? 2 to 8 drs 180

,, tauro cholate, 2 to 6 grs. 181

,, telluras, 5 to | gr 181

,3 tetraborate 363

Soft paraffin .. 349

Soloids .. So

,, carbolic acid 283

,, corrosive sublimate .. 270

„ lead and opium 254

,, 3, subacetate 254

,, mercuric iodide 267

,, potassium permanganate 157

,, zinc sulphate 230

Solphinol •• 563

6 1 6

INDEX

Soluble glass
,, saccharin

PAGE

.. .. 178

768

,, salumin . . 361

Solution ferropyrin (20 p. c.) .. . . . . .. J2j

„ gallaclophenone (10 p. c.) .. .. 3 27

glonoin 347

holocaine (1 p. c ) . . 332

hydroxyl amine of glycerin (1 in

ijooo) 333

ichthyol, 10 to 20 p. c. . . .. .. 335

itrol (1 in 2,000 ) 339

izal(i in 200) «. 3J9

largin (1 in 80) . . . 340

microcidine (1 in 'Joo) .. .. .. 744

mydrine (io p. c.) 344

nathalinicum (10 p. c, in oil). . .. 345

of mercuric iodide .. 267

of saturans . . . . .. •• .. 282

99

jj

59

91

»

,, of sodii phosphatis 176

Solutol 363

Solveol .. 363

Solvine 347

Somatose 60

Somnal .. ... . .. 363

Sonageru .. .. .. .. .. ij8

Son mukhi dagdi .. .. 221

Sona togen, I to 2 drs. .. «. 364

Sonchal .. .. *. .. .. 173

Sozal, 3 to 8 grs. .. 364

Sozoiodol 3 64

Spanish fly 87

Spathos iron ore 2o8

Speckled leech . . 90

Spelter 224

Sperm whale , , . . 78

Spermaceti .. .. 74

Spermine hydrochloride 31

Spiritus astheris, 3 o to 90 ms 291

,, nitrosi, | to 1 dr. .. .. 294

ammoniae aromaticus, c. 70 to 60

ms hi

„ ,, fetidus, 30 to 60 ms. .. 111

jj chloroformi, 20 to 60 ms 3 16

,j coloniensis .. . . 297

jj etheris compositus 291

j, frumenti 296

jj glonoini, 30 to 60 ms 3 47

,, myrciae 296

jj odoratus 297

„ rectificatus (76 p. c. by vol.) .. .. 296

„ tenuor 296

„ vini gallici, 43 to 45 P- c. of ethyl

hydroxide .. .. 296

Squalus carcharias .. .„ .. .. .. .. 81

Staghorn . .. .. 56

Stannum

Starch sugar ij

Steapsin ,, „. 70

Stearate of lead 252

Stearone ....

Stearoptone camphors ..

Steel drops

Sterptococcus antitoxin . . ..

Stimulants

Stomachics

Strontii arsenas, ^5 to § gr. • •
j. bromidum, 10 to 30 grs.
,, carbonas, 5 to jo grs.

3, iodidum, 10 to 2o grs.

,, lactis, g to 30 grs. . .
„ salicylas, 5 to 3 o grs.

Sturgeon

Sturiones

Stypticin, yA to % gr. .. . „

Styrocele, 2 to 10 grs

Sublamin ..

Succus ..

Sucrolj I to 2 grs

Sufedah ..

Sugar of lead ..

„ of milk .. .. .. . .

Sulph aminol . . . . . . . .

Sulphaldehyde

Sulphatum

Sulpho ricinoleate of sodium .
Sulphonal

Sulphur

Sulphurated lime .. ..

,, hydrogen .. ..

Sulphuris iodidum, J to 2 grs.

Sumbulkhar

Supra renal capsule extract . .

Surma

Surokhar

Sus-scrofa

Suvarva makshika

Syphilis antitoxin
Symphorol lithium
,, nitrum

,, strontium

Sylphion or sylphium

Syrupus acidi hydro iodici (i p.c.)j 3 o to 60

»

9?

9»

»

>9

9»

9J

ms.

benzene, I to 2 drs ..

butyl chloral, 1 to 4 drs

calcii hypophosphitis, I to 4 drs. ..
,, lactophosphatis, J to 1 dr. ..
„ et ferri lactophosphatum, \ to

1 dr. ..

calcii magnesii et potassii hypo-
phosphitum, \ to I dr. . . . .

chloral et potassii bromidum, 1 to

3 drs

ferri bromidi , | to 1 dr

„ bromide cum quininae etstrych-
ninae, | to 1 dr.

„ )} cum strychninae, | to

I dr

PAGE
34 9
11
209

34
4U
410
198
198
198
198

198

199
78
78

364

564

565

Si

365
252
25,1

ij

365
36 5
196
347
3 65
122
196
127

125

2 37

30

244

155

69

220

35

3 46
3 46
34&
196

M5

708

in

192
19 3

193

192

3J4

208

208

208

INDEX.

617

PAGE

Syrupus ferri bromide cum quininae(£ toidr.) 208
,, ,, ,, (Itoidr.).. .. 208

„ ,, lactatis (1 inij) Q to 1 dr.) .. 213

„ „ et strychninae hydrobromatum 288

„ v hypophosphitis. Dose— £ to 1

dr 212

,, ,, iodidi. Dose — J to I dr 213

,, ,, quinia et strychninae phospha-

tum. Dose— £ to 1 dr 217

,, ,, phosphatis, 1*5 per cent. Dose

— £ to 1 fld. dr. . 217

,, „ ,, cum manganeseo, 1

dr 217

,, „ „ compositus(chemical

food). Dose— J to

2 drs 217

,, ,, „ cum limonis (iron

lemonade) .. .. 217

,, ,, ,, cum quinin et strych-

nin (Easton syrup).
Dose— J to 1 fl. dr. 217

,, glycero phosphatum, 1 to 4 drs. . . 130

,, hypophosphitum, > to 2 drs 157

,, c o m p o s i t u m.

Dose — I to 2 fld. drs. 130

,, sodii hypophosphitis, l to 4 drs. .. 175

,, sulphatum, 4 to 6 drs 196

Tabellae ammonii chloridi .. 115

,, antipyrini, 5 grs 302

,, trinitrini 347

Table salt 171

Tabloids 51

Tal chikna .. .. .. •• .. .. .. 270

Talc 133

Tamra 255

Tankankhar 165

Tannal, 1 to 2 grs 366

Tannalbin, 8 to 15 grs 366

Tannapin, 1 gr 366

Tannigen, 3 to 8 grs 366

Tannoform, 5 to 20 grs 366

., aldehyde, 5 to 20 grs 366

Tannone, 1 gr 366

Tanocoll, 15 to 30 grs 3 66

Tasteless aperient salt 176

Teleostean 70

Teli makhi . . .. g0

Tellurium

Tenax

Terchloride of formyl

Terebinum, 5 to 15 ms 367

Terpene hydrate, 2 to 6 grs 366

Terpinol, 5 to 1 5 ms

Terra cimolia .. ..

Terraline ^^g

Terro1

Testa ovi 75

Testicularis liquor 2g

Tetanus antitoxin „ .. .. 35

Tetra acetate of chrysarobin 340

PAGE

Tetra hydro parachin anisol sulphate, 3 to

s grs 567

,, ,, para methyl oxychinoline, 3 to

5 grs 367

„ iodo phenol phthaleine, 3 to 8 grs. .. 347

„ ,, pyrrol, £ to 5 grs 33X

,, methyl thionine chloride I to 4 grs. .. 343

„ nitrin, J to I gr 323

Tetronal, 5 to 15 grs .. 367

Thallinae sulphas, 3 to 5 grs 367

Thalline per iodidum, 2 to 5 grs 3 67

,, per iodo sulphate, 2 to 5 grs. .. 367

Theobromine 321

Thermal waters . .. 105

Thermodin, 5 to Io grs 367

Thi aldehyde 365

Thialion, 1 to 2 drs. .. 367

Thiersch’s antiseptic solution . . 282

Thio bromin sodio salicylate, 5 to 15 grs. .. 321

,, camp 368

,, oxy di phenyl amine .. 365

,, resorcin 369

,, sinamin, 1 to 5 grs 369

Thiocol, 1 to 2 grs 368

Thioform 368

Thiol, 2 to 4 grs 36S

Thiolum liqudatum, 5 to 10 ms 36K

,, siccum, 2 to 6 grs 368

Thiophen di iodidi .. . . . .. .. .. 368

Thorncliffe’s disinfectant 339

Thymacetin, 5 to 10 grs 369

Thymoform . . . . . . 369

Thymolite .. 136

Thymus gland extract 33

Thyroideum siccum 31

Tinctura ammonias composita

„ cantharides, 5 to 15 ms 59

,, castorei 35

,, chloroformi compositus, 20 to

60 ms 317

,, ,, et morphinae composi-
ta, 5 to 15 ms 156, 316

„ cocci (1 to 10), 5 to 15 ms 87

,, ferri acetatis, 10 to 30 ms 2c6

,, ,, acetates etheria, 5 to 20 ms... 206

,, ,, muriatis 2,0

., ,, perchloridi, 5 to 15 ms

,, ,, pomata, 15 to 30 ms 204

,, guaiaci ammomata, to 1 dr. .. u,
ft todi . * .. .. •• .. .. ■ • 143

„ „ astherea ,43

,, „ decolorata fortior 143

tf ft oleosa •• .. , , . • .. 143

,, martis

,, moschi, J to I dr 54

,1 phosphori compositae, 3 to 10 ms. ,29
ft „ etheria lis, 1 to 10 ms. 1J9

,, pomi ferrati

Tinkal jg?

78

6 18

INDEX,

PAGE

Tolypyrinej 5 to 20 grs 369

Tolysal, 5 to 20 grs .. 369

Tonics .. 413

Tortoise 97

Toxicology 2

Toxins 36

Treacle 13

Tri acetate of chrysarobin 325

11 „ pyrogallol 340

,j bromo acetic ortho aldehyde ... .. 310

,, ,, carbolate of bismuth, 5 to

20 grs 372

,, ,j methane, 1 to 5 ms 311

,, ,, phenol, yg- to 1 gr. .. .. .. 31I

,, „ bismuth .. .. .. .. 372

,, ,, propane •• 298

,, chlor acetic ortho aldehyde, 10 to

40 grs 314

jj aldehyde di-methyl phenol

pyrazole, io to 15 grs. . . 3 33

,, ,, butyl aldehyde .. .. .. .. 3I1

,, trichlor phenol 369

,, chloride of formyl. 1 to 5 ms 316

,, ' chloro methane, 1 to s ms. 316

,, ,, phenol 369

,, formal, 1 to 15 grs .. 350

,, hydric alcohol, 1 to 2 drs. 328

,, hydroxy benzene 289

,, iodo methane, 1 to 3 grs 336

,, kesol 369

,, methyl amine hydrochloride, 20 to

40 ms 370

,, ,, aminae 37°

,, ,j „ hydrochloridum, 2 to 3 grs. 370

,, ,, ethylene, 1 to 2 drs 351

,, nitrin 346

Trional .. .. .. 370

Triphenin .. .. .. 370

Tri oxy aceto phenone .. .. 327

„ „ methylene, 1 to 15 grs 350

Tropa cocaine, J to § gr 37 o

Troches 51

T rochisci (medicated lozenges) acidi carbolicij

1-3 (lozenges) .. .. 284

,, ammonii bromidi, 2 grs. each .. .. 113

,, chloridi, et glycyrrhizae 115

,, ammonii antacidi 379

„ carbonis, I or 2 after meals .. .. 119

,, carnis (ad libitum) 58

,, ferri carbonatis saccharatus,3 grs. 209

„ ,, redacti. Dose— 1 to 6 lozenges 205

,3 phenacetin .. 352

,, sodii et zingeberis, 1 to 2 .. .. 170

,, sulphonal, 8 grs 365

,, sulphuris, 5 grs 123

Tropone.. .. .. 370

Tropa cocaine, % to y2 gr. .. .. .. .. 370

T rypsin 70

PAGE

Tuberculin .. ,» .. 37

Tuberculosis antitoxin 35

Tumenol 371

Tunakavirai .. 138

Turkey-red oil 348

Turkish baths .. .. 108

Turpeth minerals .. .. .. 270

Turtles .. .. .. .. .. 97

Tussol, .3 to 15 grs .. 371

Typhoid antitoxin .. .. .. .. .. .. 35

Ulexine, #0 to % gr 371

Unatrol, 10 grs 371

Unguentum, acidi boracici, I to 9 of paraffin 282
,, „ carbolici, 1 in 25 .. . . 284

„ pyrogallici (1 to 8), Ja-

risch’s ointment . , . . 289

11

!i

,, composite;

289

11

,} salicylici, 1 in 50

.. ..

290

11

bismuthi

265

)}

calaminae (1 in 6)

225

J»

cantharides (1 in 10)

. .

85

11

creosoti.

I in 10 . . . .

319

99

diachyli,Hebra’sdiahylon oint-

ment,

1 in 2 of lead plaster.

254

»*

hydrargyri

264

11

1*

ammoniati) I in 9 ..

278

H

99

compositum, x in 1^.

264

11

11

iodidi rubri, 1 to 8. .

268

>»

ti

,, viridisj I

in 10.

267

99

11

nitratisj citron oint-

ment, 1 in 15)^.

268

99

Sl

jj dilutum,

brown

citrine

• •

268

ll

5>

oleati . .

269

i>

si

oxidi flavi (1 in 50).

269

99

11

,, rubri

• • • •

269

99

11

persulphatis, 15 grs.

to X oz. . .

273

it

11

subchloridi

.. ..

274

t>

ichthyol .

533

0

iodidi (1

in 25) .. ..

144

19

iodoformi et eucalypti (1

[ in 10

of oil)

• • •• •• ••

.. 267,336

n

iodoformi (1 in io) ..

e • • •

336

99

itral

339

*9

kala malama

255

99

kaolin (1

in 3) •• ••

*35

99

lala malama .. ..

255

99

losophan

541

99

napthali

344

V

ozonicum

1, 1 to 8 ..

• • • •

101

it

pyrodin (1 in 10)

• • • •

555

11

salol cum

1 cocainse . .

360

5?

sulphuris

123

Jj

11

compositum

• • • •

123

99

11

hypochloritis

• • ••

124

)>

11

iodidi . .

124

zinci 229

compositus
oleati, 1 in 2

INDEX

619

PAGE

Ural, 10 to 30 grs 379

Uraline, 10 to 30 grs 37*

Uralium, 10 to Jo grs. .. . 37*

Uranii nitras, % to 5 grs. 37*

,, et quininae chloridum, 3 to 6 grs. .. 371
Urea quinine, 5 to 15 grs. .. .. .. .. 371

Urethane, 15 to 40 grs. 371

Uricedin 371

Uropherin, 5 to 60 grs 372

Urosine, 8 grs. .. . . . . 372

Urotropine, 5 to 15 grs 327

Ursal, 5 to 10 grs. .. 372

Vadagru mithu 173

Vadalun.. .. 93

Vadavanal churana 172

Valsol

Vangeshwer rasa 245

Vapour bath 106

Varalians 4j

Vaseline .. .. . 349

Vasogen 372

Vegetable ashes 39

)? fat .. • . .. .. .. .. .. 14

Verdigris , .. 256

Vermilion .. .. .. .. 276

Vesicatory beetle 87

Vienna paste 153

Virol 27

Viverra .. .. 55

Vinum antimonialis, 10 to 30 ms 244

,, carnis 60

,, ferri, 1 to 4 drs 204

,, ,, (native), 1 to 2 drs 205

,, ,, amarum 2i8

,, ,, citratis, 1 to 4 drs 207

,, ,, ferri malas, 1 to 4 drs 204

,, glycero phosphatum, 4 to 12 drs. .. 136

M pepsinae .. .. 12

Wafers 39

Water glass

Wax I9, 87

White arsenic 237

,, bismuth 262

», fuller's earth 136

>> lead .. .. ., , . , , ,, , . , . 253

» peat 136

,, precipitate .. .. 278

PAGE

White shark .. •• .. .. 81

,, vitriol 238

Wool fat 58

Xeroform, 5 to 20 grs. .. .. .. .. .. 372

Xylene, 10 to 15 ms. 372

Xylol, Io to 15 ms, .. •* .. .. .. 372

Yavakshar 158

Yellow mercury oxide 269

M ,, oxysulphate 270

,, sulphuret of arsenic 242

Yolk of egg 76

Zan e-bidaster 54

Zar 246

Zarnick-shuk 237, 241

Zera-mohra .. .. I, 137

Zinc salve mull 229

„ vitriol .. .. .. 230

Zinci acetas, 1 to 2 grs 224

,, boras •. 22.3

,, bromidum, 3 to 10 grs 225

,, carbonas, 2 to Io grs 225

„ chloridum 225

,, citras, 3 to 12 grs 227

,, cyanidum, x\j to 1 gr 227

,, et potassi cyanidum, to I gr 227

,, ferro cyanidum, to 2 grs 228

,, gelatum .. 227

,, haemol, 5 to 8 grs 228

,, hypophosphitis, 1 to 2 drs 228

,, lactas, 3 to 30 grs 227

,, nitras .. .. 228

,, oleas 228

,, oxidum, 3 to 10 grs 220

,, permanganas .. 2;o

,, phenol-para-sulphonas 231

,, phosphidum, TV to gr 231

,, sozoiodol .. .. 230

,, subgallas, % to 4 grs 230

,, sulphas, 1 to 3 grs 2jo

,, sulphis

„ sulpho carbolas, I to 2 grs 231

,, valerianas, I to J grs 231

Zoophyte .. .. ,, .. .. 91

Zugal 19

Zymine .. 71

PK5NTED AT THE TIMES OF INDIA PRESS,
BOMBAY.

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” 1

%

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■

f

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