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The  Library  of  the 
Wellcome  Institute  for 
the  History  of  Medicine 


MEDICAL  SOCIETY 
OF 

LONDON 

DEPOSIT 


Accession  Number 


Press  Mark 

•T>OVJ  (H- 5  (  3. 


Arbor  Temenjts  fruflum  Gofe  ferens: 

OR,  A 

DESCRIPTION 

AND 

; 

H  I  S  T  O  R  X 

OF  THE 


COFFEE  TREE. 


By  Dr.  JAMES  DOUG  LAS ,  Honorary  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Phyficians,  London:  And 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society. 


LONDON: 

Printed  forTHOMAS  Woodward,  at  the  Half -Moon  over-agaijift 
St.  Dunjlan’s  Church,  in  Fleet-Jlreet. 

M,  DCC,  XXVII. 


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(i) 


PREFACE. 


IN  my  Botanical  Defection  of  the  Coffee  Berry,  p ublijtid 
fome  Time  ago 9  I  acquainted  the  Readers  with  my  Deftgn 
of  treating  the  whole  Coffee  Plant ,  as  fo on  as  I  fhould  have 
convenient  Opportunities  of  finijhing  the  Obfervations  about  it 
which  I  had  then  a&ually  begun  to  make .  The  Delays  and  Dif¬ 
ficulties  /  have  met  'with  in  going  through  this  Enquiry,  have 
been  greater  than  r  at  jirjt  apprehended  •  and  I  cannot  fay  / 
have  as  yet  compleated  it  to  my.  Satisfaction  •  however 3  what  I 
now  venture  to  communicate y  will ,  1  hope, ,  in  fome  meafure  gra¬ 
tify  the  Cunofity  of  the  Pubhck,  and  be  of  fome  real  Ufe  to 
thofe  who  have  any  Defire  and  Opportunity  of  cultivating  this 
delightful  Exotick. ,  of  the  Fruit  whereof  there  is  yearh  *made 
fo  vafl  a  Confumption  among  us. 

1  begin  by  a  Lift  of  Names  that  belong  to  this  Plant,  and 
having  made  fome  neceffary  RefleBions  upon  thefe,  I  give  a  large 
Account  of  the  Loci  Natales,  or  P laces  wherein  it  is  at  prefent  found 
to  grow ,  as  well  in  the  Kingdom  of  Yemen  in  Arabia  Felix,  as  the 
other  Countries  both  in  Afia,  Europe  and  America,  thro  which  it 
has  now  fpread  it  felf  fettmg  down  what  Informations  I  have  been 
able  to  get  concerning  every  Step  of  its  Progrefs  fince  it  firft 
found  the  Way  out  of  its  native  Country.  Having  in  the  next 
place  premifed  fome  general  Obfervations  about  the  Plant  it  felf 
as  it  has  been  confider’d  by  Botanical  Writers ,  I  go  on  to  a  par¬ 
ticular  Description  of  all  the  Parts  of  it,  taken  from  my  own 
repeated  Obfervations ,  carry’d  as  great  a  Length  as  it  has  hi¬ 
therto  been  m  my  Power  to  do  ■  and  I  conclude  by  fuch  Direc- 


(  ii  ) 

iions  concerning  the  Culture  and  Management  of  it,  as  I  con ~ 
celve  can  he  of  any  Service  to  us  here  in  England. 

Upon  each  of  thefe  Heads  1  have  been  at  Pains  to  colleB 
what  has  been  faid  by  Authors  before  me  ,•  and  befides  the  hifio- 
rical  Fatts  which  I  fet  down  from  them ,  I  have  taken  the  Li¬ 
berty  to  compare  their  Obfervations  about  the  Plant  it  felf  with 
mine,  as  well  to  point  out  their  Mijlakes, ,  as  to  explain  the  par¬ 
ticular  pif  cover  les  made  by  each  of  them, ,  in  the  fame  Order  of 
Time  in  which  they  were  publifhed.  J 

I  propos’d  to  have  given  Figures  not  only  of  all  the  Parts  of 
a  full  grown  Plant,  in  an  agreeable  Variety  of  infimB'we 
/  tews,  but  alfo  of  the  feveral  States  of  it,  from  the  Time  it  firii 
appears  above  the  Surface  of  the  Earth,  both  with  refpeB  to 
Age,  and  the  Seafons  of  the  Year ;  but  as  I  have  not  as  yet 
been  able  to  perfeB  thefe  in  any  tolerable  Degree,  1  chufe  to  re¬ 
fer  them  altogether  till  fame  more  happy  Opportunity  (hall  offer  t 
and  then,  together  with  a  compleat  Set  of  Figures,  1  Jhall  be 
ttkewije  m  a  Condition  to  lay  before  the  curious  Reader  the  Hif- 
tory  of  the  Invention  and  Progrefs  of  the  Ufe  of  the  Coffee  Drink, 
both  in  ARi,  and  in  the  Eafiern  and  Wefiern  Parts  of  Europe  • 
of  the  feveral  Methods  m  which  it  has  been  prepar’d  fmce  it 
was  firfi  known  ■,  of  the  firfi  I„fl,tution  of  Coffee  Houfes,  and 

°  r  -rf  •'  ,h  e,ther  °Pmi"»  or  real  Experience  have 
ajatbd  to  it  /  car  m-ftfy  beg  Of  alt  curious  Pe,ff„s  ;mpart 

to  me  what  Memoirs  they  may  be  furniJVd  with  relating  to  any 

of  thefe  Particulars ,  and  1  jhall  mnfl  willingly  acknowledge  the 

favour  in  the  IV ay  I  judge  will  be  mofl  agreeable  to  them 

I  conclude  by  returning  my  mofl  fmcere  Thanks  to  thofe  learned 

and  worthy  friends  by  whom  1  have  been  in  any  meafure  affiled 

m  the  Profecution  of  thefe  Enquiries ;  and  among  the  reft  /  mud 

acknowledge  my  felf  in  a  particular  Manner  obliged  to  thofe  two 

curious  Gentlemen,  Mr,  Parker  of  Heling,  and  Mr  Sher- 

RARD  of  Eltham,  to  whofe  invaluable  Gardens  I  had  at  all 

times  free  Accefs  whenever  I  found  it  neceffary  to  view  the 

Lo^ee  Plants,  which  have  continued  for  feveral  Tears  to  thrive 

there  beyond  ExpeBation  ;  every  Seafon  bringing  them  a  new 

AcceJJion  to  their  former  Stock, 


A  DE- 


THE 

DESCRIPTION 


OF  THE 

COFFEE  TREE. 

»fc.J  ,  -  . .  ■  - - - — - ’ - — = s— 

CHAP.  I. 

The  Names  of  the  Coffee  Plant. 

I  ,  k  /  .1  i  Ui  i  i  i  <  t  ,\ ^ 

THE  Names  that  have  been  given  by  Authors  to  this  Plant* 
to  particular  Parts  of  it*  and  to  Preparations  of  thefe 
Parts,  I  fhall  diftribute  into  three  Lifts:  The  firft,  containing  thole 
of  the  whole  Plant;  the  fecond,  thole  of  the  Fruit  5  and  the 
third,  thole  of  the  Liquor  made  with  this  Fruit  :  And  I  chole 
to  place  all  thele  three  forts  of  Names  immediately  after  one  an¬ 
other,  that  it  may  be  more  ealy  for  thole  who  indulge  themlelves 
in  fuch  hiftorical  Curiofities  to  compare  them  together,  in  the 
manner  that  they  will  find  done  in  the  following  Chapter,  or  in 
any  other  that  they  lhall  think  convenient. 

The  whole  Coffee  Plant  taken  together,  -may,  I  think,  be 
exprels’d  very  juftly  in  the  following  manner.  The  Botanical 
Reader  will  not  be  furpriz’d  to  find  this  Name  in  Latin nor 
will  the  Length  of  it  be  judg’d  unfuitable  to  the  Cuftom  of  Au¬ 
thors  in  that  Science,  on  the  like  Occafions. 

B 


Arbor 


Arbor  Arabic  a  Yemenfs,  , 

Perpetud  fronde  vireyjs. 

Folio  Caftane <s  feu  Lauri  baud  abftm.li. 

Flore  Jafminum  vulgar e  quodammodo  referente. 

Monop  etalo. 

In  quinque  fegmenta  divifo , 

Alboy 

Odorato. 

Vafiulo  feminaliy  ut  plurimum ,  bicap fulari,  nonnunquam  tri- 
cap  fulariy  in  fruBum  nuciformem  abeunte  5 

E  cujus  nucleis ,  potus  iUe  faluberrimus  Coffee  vulgo  diet  11$ 
paratur. 

Or  fhorter,  after  this  manner. 

Arbor  Yemen fs  fruBum  Coffee  Ferens . 


I.  The  Names  which  have  been  hitherto  given  to  the  whole 
Plant,  and  which  may  be  reckon’d  fynonyma  to  that  which  I 


have  pitch’d  upon,  are  thefe. 

Bon  Tel  Ban  Arbor.  J.  B. 

Euonymo  fi milts  Egyptiaca,  fruBu  laccis  Lauri  fmili.  C.  B. 

Arbor  Bon  cum  fruBu  fuo  Buna.  Parkins. 

Buna  Alpini .  Chabr. 

r 

Cafe.  Bernier. 

Bon  vel  Ban , 

Bonchum,  Buncho}  Buncha,  _ 

>  Blegny. 

Elkarie  Egyptiorum3 
Cachua  Arabum. 


Plunknef? 


Coffee  Frutex  ex  cujus  fruBu  ft  potus. 
Coffee  Arbor. 

Coffee  Shrub. 


Rail. 

Dale. 

Sloane. 

Arbre 


(3) 


Arbre  du  Buun.  ^ 

Arbre  qui  porte  le  Cafe .  j 

• 

Galand. 

Arbor  Perfica. 

• 

Filix  Arabica. 

> 

Lang. 

Bannu  &  Banchos  Arabum.  J 

Caffe  ou  Coffe. 

Tournef. 

Jafminum  Arabicum ,  Caflane#  folio ,  fore  albo ,  odora - 
tiff  mo,  cujus  fruclus  Coffy  in  offcinis  dicuntur  nobis. 

Jafminum  Cajlane ce  folio,  fore  odoratiffmo,  rubro  fruBu 
qui  Coffe,  duro. 

j>Commelin. 

) 

Gelfminum  Arabicum  foliis  Cafanea,  fore  albo  ingentT 
odoratiffmo .  \ 

>  Volkam. 

Arbor  cop  ferens. 

* 

V Arbre  du  Cafe  ou  Cafer. 

Jafminum  Arabicum 
Cafe  dicitur . 

Latin  folio  cujus  femen  apud  nos 

\ 

►  De  Juflieu. 

Jafmin  dd Arabic,  a  feuilles  de  Laurier ,  &  dont  la  fe- 
mence  nous  ef  connu  fous  le  nom  de  Cafe. 

Arbor  Meccana. 

Cheyn. 

II. 

Names  of  the  Coffee  Fruit. 

Bunnu. 

*  . 

Buncho  Avicennx. 

> 

Rauwolf. 

Buncha  Rhazis. 

J 

j 

Bon  *vel  Ban. 

Alpin. 

Buna. 

1 

Til  cane. 

1 

i> 

1 

Clus. 

Buncha  Rhaz.  ex  Rauwolf. 

Cachu, 

Cacbu.  1 

(4) 

Cotovic. 

Bunchi.  3 

• 

Bunchos. 

1 

• 

Bunnum  Rauwolf. 

j.  B. 

* 

Granum  quo  Turcte  fomnum  fugant  Plater,  j 

Cdtrvl 

Lavalle. 

Coffee.  1 

* 

Cophie. 

> 

-  r  •  i 

Rumfey. 

Cophy. 

Cofe.  J 

t  4  •  v1 

Ben  &  £ >»» . 

Banes. 

Elcave. 

SalmaC 

Coffee  Berry. 

Grew. 

Coffa. 

Mundy, 

Cafe. 

|  \  1  .  ?  •  (  v  5  V  * 

Bernier. 

Cahoueh  Aralum.  ^ 

Du  Four. 

Caveh  Turcarum.  } 

Baccce  Coffee.  ^ 

Berlu. 

60^0  Seeds.  3 

Coffee,  in 

Latin  Coava. 

Pechey. 

Bonchct. 

Boncbo. 

> 

Pomet. 

Elkarie. 

1 

-j 

Semen  Coffee. 

Herman. 

J 


Bum . 


Buun. 

Terris  faba  mijfa  Pelafgis. 


Coffee  Behnen. 

Cahoven , 

Cofea. 

Faha  Meccana  quam  Coffeam  scanty 
Fruffus  Arboris  Meccana. 


t  Galand. 
Vanicr. 
N.  Lemer. 
Lang. 
Volkam. 
Quincy. 

Chyne. 


III.  Names  of  the  Liquor  or 
Fruit. 

Ckaube. 

Caova. 

Choana. 

Cave. 

Cahua ,  Cava  Italor. 

Coffa . 

Cahue. 

Cahvua. 

The  Turks  berry  Drink. 


Turks  Phyjick  of  Cophie. 
Cophy. 

Coffee . 


Drink  prepared  with  the  Coffee 

Rauwolf. 

Alpin.1 

Paludam 

Bellon.' 

4  f  i-  »  T 

Cotovic. 

Sandys. 

Lavalle; 

Olear. 

Parkins. 

Tavernier. 

Rumfey. 


C 


Cabwa. 


CO 

Cabwa. 

t  1  1  .  ' 

Cahue  feu  Cafe. 

Coffe  potus . 

Cafe. 

Cavet. 

CahuiS. 

w 

> 

Choana. 

Cabveh. 

J 

Cauphe. 


Cahouab  Arab. 

Camhe  Turcarum 

Coffe  Anglormn  &  Batavorum 


Pauli. 

Banes. 

Willis. 

Bernier. 

Du  Four. 


T.  Blount. 
Blegny. 

Bontekoe. 

GalancL 

De  Juffieu.. 


T 


\ 


•15IQ*137£ - 


.y^iriLbi 


WH  A  P. 


(  7  ) 

CHAP.  II. 

Etymologia . 

BY  thefe  Names,  and  no  more,  that  I  can  find,  have  the 
Coffee  Plant,  the  Fruit  thereof,  and  the  Liquor  made  with 
that  Fruit,  been  expreffed.  The  Lifts  I  have  here  given  of  them, 
tho’  they  cannot  I  believe  be  of  much  folid  Ufe,  may  perhaps 
entertain  the  Curiofity  of  fome  of  my  Readers ;  and  fince  I  have 
been  at  the  Trouble  of  collecting  them  merely  with  that  View, 
it  will  be  ftill  worth  while  to  add  the  few  following  Obfervations 
about  them. 

i .  Tho’  fome  of  thefe  Names  are  common  to  the  whole  Plant, 
Fruit,  and  Liquor*,  there  are  many  which  are  either  peculiar  to 
each,  or  which  belong  only  to  two  of  them  j  and  therefore  it  was 
moft  natural  to  feparate  them  into  three  diftinCt  lifts,  inftead  of 
throwing  them  all  into  one  confuted  heap,  as  has  been  the  gene¬ 
ral  practice  of  Botanifts  hitherto.  Mr.  Ray  fhall  ferve  for  an  Ex¬ 
ample  of  this. 

The  Name  he  gives  the  Plant,  is  this.  Coffee  frutex  ex  cujus 
fruttu  fit  pot  us. 

The  Synonyma  or  Names  he  fits  down  from  other  Authors  are 
thefe. 

Bon  <vel  Ban  Arbor ,  J.  B.  Item,  Buna ,  Bunnu,  Bunchos Ara¬ 
bian  ejufdem.  Bon  Arbor  cum  fruffiu  fuo  Buna ,  Park.  Euonymo 
fimilis  Egyptiaca  fruBn  baccishauri  fimili ,  C.  B.  Bunnu ,  Rauwolf. 
Buna  ex  qua  in  Alexandria  fit  potio ,  Cluf. 

Never  was  there  a  Lift  of  Synonyma  compiled  with  lefs  Judg¬ 
ment  than  this  5  for  in  the  firft  place,  it  is  defective  by.  above 
four  parts  in  five,  as  will  appear  by  comparing  it  with  mine  ; 
and  DefeCts  of  this  kind  are  more  inexcufable  in  Mr.  Ray  than 
in  any  body  elte;  for  as  he  has  done  little  any  where  but  collect 
from  other  Authors,  the  leaft  that  could  be  expeCted  from  him, 
is,  that  his  Collections  fliould  be  perfeCt,  after  fo  many  Years 
PraCtice. 

Again,  the  Order  of  Time,  in  obferving  which  with  ExaCt- 
nefs,  the  greateft  Beauty  of  fuch  Compilations  certainly  confilts, 
is  entirely  negleCted  j  Rauvjolfius  and  Clujius  are  placed  after  the 
two  Bauhini  and  Parkinfon. 

But,  which  is  moft  to  my  prefent  purpofe,  above  half  his  Sy¬ 
nonyma  are  falfe,  J.  B.  never  called  the  Coffee  Plant  Bunay 

z  Bunnu , 


(8) 

Bunnu,  Bunchos  Arabum  \  Rawmlfius  never  called  it  Bunm  3  not 
Clufius,  Buna.  It  is  the  fruit  only  they  have  exprefted  by  thefe 
Words,  and  never  the  Tree  that  bears  it  5  and  yet  Mr.  Ray  has 
thought  fit  to  rank  them  all  as  fo  many  Synonyma  for  his  Coffee 
f rut  ex,  that  is,  as  Names  given  by  thefe  Authors  to  the  whole 
Plant. 

Later  Botanifts  have  been  fo  fu*  from  not  filling  into  this  laft 
mentioned  Inaccuracy  of  Mr.  Roy,  that  they  have  carried  it  a 
great  deal  further.  This  Author  has  only  confounded  the  Names 
of  the  Tree  and  Fruit:  but  in  another,  I  find  the  CoavaEgyptio- 
ium  from  Alpinus,  placed  as  a  Synonymum  for  the  Jafminum 
Arabicum ,  &c.  of  Commelinus  \  that  is,  a  Name  never  applied  by 
Alpinus  to  any  thing  but  the  Coffee  Drink,  made  to  fignify  the 
Tree  which  produces  the  Fruit  of  which  that  Drink  is  made. 

1.  That  we  may  be  able  to  take  a  more  particular  View  of 
the  Names  contained  in  the  three  foregoing  Lifts,  it  will  be  con¬ 
venient  to  fubdivide  each  of  them  into  fuch.  as  Travellers  tell  us 
are  ufed  in  the  Eaftern  Countries,  and  thofe  urhich  the  Europeans 
have  either  borrowed  from  thence,  or  invented  of  their  own, 
fince  Coffee  was  known  amongft  them. 

As  to  the  firft  of  thefe,  I  am  furprized  to  find  that  no  Tra¬ 
veller,  except  Monfieur  Galand  alone,  has  given  us  any  Name 
by  which  the  Coffee  Plant  it  felf  is  exprefted  by  the  Arabians ,  or 
any  other  Eafiern  People :  The.  whole  Lift  we  have  given  of  thefe 
Names,  except  that  of  the  Buun  Tree,  from  Galand,  has  been 
coined  in  Europe ,  by  thofe  who  knew  nothing  of  the  Plant,  but 
only  that  it  produced  the  Coffee  Fruit  3  and  they  who  have  ex- 
preffed  it  otherwife  than  by  fuch  a  Circumlocution,  have  only 
difeover’d  their  own  Ignorance,  and  the  little  Care  with  which 
they  have  read  the  Bcoks  of  Travels  quoted  by  them.  Chabraus , 
Blegny  and  Langius ,  are  of  this  number  5  but  J.  B.  and  Parkinfon, 
who  likewife  ufe  Oriental  Words  in  expreffing  the  whole  Plant, 
have  kept  within  due  Bounds 

3 .  The  Eaftern  Names  of  the  Fruit,  are  either  fuch  as  have 
fome  Relation  to  Bunchum ,  Bon,  or  Cahouah. 

The  firft  Kind,  tho’  there  be  perhaps  fome  of  them  that  are 
really  Oriental  Words,  as  Bunchum  its  felf  is,  are  not  however  to 
be  reckon’d  Eaftern  Names  for  the  Coffee  Fruit  ,•  becaufe  they 
have  only  been  apply’d  to  that  upon  the  Suppofition  of  its  being 
known  to  Rhazes  and  Avicenna,  and  called  by  them  by  the  Name 
of  Bunchum,  or  fomething  like  it,  which  we  fliall  fhew  to  be  a 
Miftake.  Two  Perjian  Phyficians  were  undoubtedly  the  firft  who 
fell  into  it 3  but  it  is  from  Rau'wolfius  that  it  has  been  handed  down 
among  European  Writers.  Eow, 


(  9  ) 

Bon,  or  rather  Burnt ,  and  the  other  Names  which  confift  of 
the  fame  Conlonants  with  it,  feem  to  be  thole  by  which  the 
Fruit  has  been  moll  generally  expreffed  in  the  Eaft,-  but  whe¬ 
ther  fome  part  of  the  Variety  that  is  to  be  found  in  them  may 
not  be  owing  to  the  Miftakes  of  Travellers,  I  leave  to  the  Judges 
of  the  Eaftern  Languages  to  determine.  Salmafas  has,  I  think, 
given  us  one  plain  Inftance  of  it  in  Alpinus,  and  Monf.  G aland, 
(if  we  will  believe  La  Roque )  another  in  Banejius ,  tho’  a  Syrian 
by  Birth. 

The  third  Sort  of  Names  for  the  Fruit,  we  (hall  confider  to¬ 
gether  with  thole  of  the  Liquor,  they  being  derived  from  thence. 

4.  Concerning  thele,  the  following  Remarks  from  Authors 
are  worth  letting  down. 

c  It  will  hardly  be  believed,  lays  Monf.  Vu  Four,  that  tho’  Cof- 
c  fee  has  been  drank  for  lo  many  Years  pall,  we  Ihould  ftill  be 
c  ignorant  of  the  true  Name  of  it.  The  Authors  who  have 
c  written  upon  this  Subje£t  differ  from  one  another  as  much  in 
*  the  Names  they  give  this  Liquor,  as  in  the  Qualities  they  afcribe 

<  to  it.  Some  tell  us  that  before  it  be  ground  it  ought  to  be  cal- 
€  led  in  Latin ,  Bunchum -,  and  in  French,  Bon-,  which  they  pro- 
c  nounce,  Bun.  After  it  is  reduced  to  Powder,  there  are  a  great 
c  many  other  Names  given  it,  which  have  been  already  let  down.) 
c  But  Monf.  D’  Arvicufe,  the  French  Conlul  at  Aleppo,  who  had 
c  Oeen  at  great  pains  to  inform  bimlelf  while  be  remained  there, 

c  tells  me  that  the  true  Name  of  the  Coffee  Bean,  among  the 
‘  Arabians,  is  Cahoueh,  the  Arabians  having  no  *v  Conlonant  5 

<  but  the  Turks,  and  other  Eaftern  People,  pronounce  it  Cahveh  5 
‘  and  that  Word  is  derived  from  Cohue t,  which  fignifies  Strength 
£  or  Vigour ;  and  the  Coftcc  Fruit  is  Co  called  becaule  of  the  Ef> 
£  fe£ts  alcribed  to  it. 

This  Etymology  did  not,  however,  latisfy  Monf  G aland 5  as 
appears  from  the  Account  that  La  Roque  has  given  us  of  that 
Part  of  his  Book.  f  Monf.  Galand,  lays  he,  begins  by  eftabliih- 
f  ing  the  original  and  proper  Signification  of  the  Word  Coffee  5 
c  and  according  to  him  it  comes  from  Cahveh,  as  it  is  pronounced 
c  by  the  Turks,  with  an  <v  Confonant  •,  and  it  is  the  lame  thing 
c  with  Cahouah,  amongft  the  Arabians ,  who  pronounce  their  cz> 
£  Confonant  as  the  Italians  do  their  Vowel  u. 

L  Cahouah  is  the  Infinitive  of  a  Verb,  and  fignifies  to  loath, 
c  or  to  have  no  Stomach  -,  and  it  is  likewile  one  of  the  different 
‘  Names  which  the  Arabians  give  to  Wine,  becaule  they  think 
f  the  Excefs  of  it  produces  thele  bad  Effe&s, 


D 


From 


(  10  ) 

From  this  Signification  of  Wine  in  particular,  the  Word  Qi 
houah  has  been  extended  to  all  forts  of  Drink  3  and  therefore  this 
Word  is  not  ufed  either  for  the  Tree  or  Fruit,  but  only  for  the 
Drink  made  of  it. 

The  Fruit  is  called  Bunny  and  the  Tree,  the  Buun  Tree. 

Monfi  Galand  goes  on  to  remark  fome  Miftakes  of  Banefus  • 
and  then  adds.  That  if  that  great  ProfefTor  could  be  miftaken  in 
his  own  Language,  it  is  but  juft  to  excufe  Monfi  Du  Fours  Friend, 
who  fays  that  Cahoueh  is  the  Arabick  Word  for  the  Coffee  Fruit  - 
which  is  rather  a  Turkijh  Pronunciation  than  Arabian ,  fince  there 
is  no  e  in  their  Alphabet.  Moreover,  that  Gentleman  has  con¬ 
founded  the  Term  Caoua,  with  that  of  Cahouah j  tho5  they  are 
both  written  and  pronounced  very  differently. 

If  this  Account  of  the  Original  and  true  Signification  of  the 
Word  Cahouah  be  juft,  as  there  is  no  Ground  to  doubt  of  either 
confidering  both  the  extraordinary  Skill  of  that  Author  in  the 
Oriental  Languages,  and  the  long  Stay  he  made  in  the  Eaft3  we 
need  be  at  no  Lofs  what  Judgment  to  make  of  all  the  Eaftern 
Names  that  have  been  given  to  the  Coffee  Drink  3  they  may  all 
be  eafily  derived  from  the  Arabick,  Cahouah 5  and  the  Variety  that 
is  to  be  found  in  them  is  owing  either  to  the  real  Changes  they 
have  undergone  in  the  Mouths  of  the  different  Eaftern  Nations, 
Perfans,  Egyptians ,  Turks,  <&c.  or  to  the  Miftakes  of  Travellers, 
moft  of  whom  being  ignorant  of  tlie/b  Languages,  have  not  al¬ 
ways  equally  well  expreffed,  in  Writing,  the  Sounds  by  which  they 
heard  this  Liquor  fignified  in  the  different  Countries  of  the  Eaft 
Neither  are  fuch  Miftakes  to  be  wondred  at,  confidering  how 
common  they  are  even  among  the  different  Nations  of  Europe  at 
this  Day  5  whofe  Languages  have  a  nearer  Relation  to  one  ano- 
ther,  than  the  Eaftern  Languages  have  to  any  of  them.  Let  a 
French  Man,  for  inftance,  hear  forty  Englijh  Words  diftinftly  pro¬ 
nounced  one  after  another,  feveral  times  over,  it  is  forty  to  one 
at  leaft,  that  he  does  not  write  two  of  them  right.  There  are 
Examples  enough  of  this  in  all  the  French  Writings,  where  there 
is  occafion  to  mention  any  Englijh  Words  •,  and  we  have  one  in 
the  foregoing  Lift.  Monfi  De  Juffieu  tells  us  very  gravely,  that 
both  the  Englijh  and  Dutch  call  this  Liquor  Coffe  :  with  a  finale  e 
accented  3  only  for  this  Reafon,  becaufe  he  has  heard  the  Word 
Coffee  pronounced  nearly  the  fame  way  as  a  French  Man  would  do, 
had  it  been  fpelt  after  his  manner. 

From  Monfi  Galand’ s  Etymology  we  learn  Jikewife,  that  all  the 
Words  by  which  the  Fruit  it  felf  has  been  fignified,  that  have 
any  Refemblance  to  Cahouah ,  which  make  the  third  Clafs  of  the 

Eaftern 


( 11  ) 

Eaftern  Names  of  it,  are  not  to  be  looked  upon  as  fuch,  beinp 
never  ufed  in  that  Senfe  by  the  Orientals. 

5 .  From  thefe  Eaftern  Names  are  derived  thofe  by  which  all  the 
European  Nations  do  ordinarily  exprefs  both  the  Coffee  Plant 
Fruit  and  Liquor.  As  we  had  the  firft  Knowledge  of  thefe  things 
from  them,  it  was  natural  to  take  their  Names  along  with  them, 
and  only  by  degrees  new  mould  them  a  little,  according  to  the 
Genius  of  each  particular  Language  into  which  they  were  adopted. 

The  Turhjh  way  of  pronouncing  Cahouah ,  <vix.  with  an  *v  Con- 

ionant,  as  we  have  heard,  occafioned  firft  the  writing  of  it  here 

in  England  with  ph,  and  afterwards  with  /;  which  is  equivalent 

thereunto.  The  ca  we  find  changed  into  co)  in  Sandy's  Time; 

i.  e  in  the  Year  162.8,  in  which  his  Travels  were  publifhed; 

and  it  was  near  the.  Year  165*,  that  is,  feveral  Years  after  there 

were  publick  Coffee-houfes  in  London ,  before  the  Termination  ee 

was  fully  fettled  5  for  we  find  Judge  Rumfey  and  Sir  Henry  Blount 

writing  this  Word  fometimes  with  ie,  fometimes  with  ee>  but 

Hovel  always  ufes  the  latter;  and  it  has  continued  ever  fince  his 

time.  Sir  Thomas  Pope  Blount  writes  it  fometimes  cauphe,  having 

ound  it  fo  written,  probably,  in  fome  old  Book :  From  whence 

there  is  ground  to  conclude,  that  the  Turhjh  ca  was  firft  changed 

into  can,  which  being  pronounced  pretty  much  the  fame  way 

as  co,  this  laft,  as  being  fhorter,  came  at  length  to  be  ufed  in- 
ftead  of  it. 

Variations  of  the  like  kinds,  and  by  the  like  degrees,  may  be 
obferved,  no  doubt,  in  the  other  modern  European  Languages: 
But  it  is  not  our  prefent  Bufinefs  to  enquire  further  into  them. 

As  Coffee  was  unknown  during  all  the  time  in  which  the 
Latin  can  in  any  Senfe  be  faid  to  have  remained  a  living  Lan¬ 
guage,  we  are  not  to  expedt  any  true  Latin  Word  for  it  :  To 
iupply  that  Want,  Authors  who  affedt  to  find  Latin  for  every 
thing,  how  much  foever  unknown  to  the  Latins  themfelves,  have 
had  Recourfe  to  the  two  univerfal  Engines,  which  are  always 
ready  in  time  of  Need,  viz.  infledting  the  laft  Syllable  of  this 
Word  into  a  Latin  Termination,  and  exprefting  it  by  long  Cir¬ 
cumlocutions,  which  ought  rather  to  be  called  Defcription?  than 
Names.  Of  the  firft  kind  is  the  coffea,  a,  of  Dr.  Quincy,  and 
the  coava  of  Pechey.  The  former  is  allowable  enough,  had 
t  rere  been  any  Neceffity  for  itj  but  the  other  is  owing  either  to 
t  le  Stupidity  of  its  Author,  or  ufed  with  a  Defign  to  impofe  on 
the  Reader:  For  what  can  be  concluded  from  thefe  Words,  coffee 
is  m  Latin,  Co..va ,  but  either  that  Pechey  took  coa<va  for  a  ge¬ 
nuine  Latin  Word  himfelf,  or  had  a  mind  to  perfuade  other  Peo¬ 
ple  that  it  was  fo  ?  Tt 


(  12  ) 

It  is  needlefs  to  enumerate  the  various  things  that  have  been 
made  ufe  of  by  Authors,  as  a  Foundation  for  the  Circumlocu¬ 
tions  by  which  Coffee,  and  efpecially  the  Coffee  Plant,  has  been 
exnreffed :  It  is  fufficient  to  remark.  That  thofe  moft  in  Vogue 
now-a-days  have  been  taken  from  the  Agreements  obferved  there¬ 
in  with  thefe  Parts  of  the  Jeffamins  which  Botamfts  principally 
attend  to  in  diftributing  Plants  into  Claffes,  Sedions,  Genera, 
by  this  means  Jafminum  is  become  the  generical  Word  for  it , 
and  the  reft  of  the  Circumlocution  is  only  a  Cata  ogue  of  Di 
ferences  by  which  it  is  diftingu.fhed  from  the  other  Species  of 
Plants  ranked  under  the  fame  Genus  with  it;  or  a  fort  of  De- 
fcription  of  what  is  thought  to  be  moft  remarkable  in  it. 


CHAP.  HI. 

Locus  Natalis. 

IT  would  be  to  no  Purpofe  to  take  Notice  of  all  the  Miftakes 
that  both  Botanifts  and  Travellers  have  been  guilty  of  in  de¬ 
termining  the  Countries  where  Coffee  grows :  Some  have  brough 
it  from  India,  others  from  Perfta,  others  from  Egypt,  and  a  great 
many  from  that  Country  of  Arabia  where  Mecca  is  fituated ;  but 
it  is  now  paft  all  Difpute,  that  Coffee  grows  no  vthae  m  Arabia, 
but  in  the  Kingdom  or  Province  of  Temen,  m  Arabia  Felix  i  nor 
any  where  elfe  in  the  World,  except  m  thelflands  of  Java  and 
Bourbon,  and  feme  other  Places  where  it  has  begun  of  late  to  be 
cultivated  by  the  Induftry  of  the  Dutch,  French  and  Enghfi ;  of 

which  in.  the  proper  Place.  .  r  u  a. 

This  Kingdom  of  Yemen,  as  all  the  other  Parts  of  the  vaft 

Territories  of  Arabia,  is  Ml  too  much  unknown  for  the  Reader 
to  exped  any  particular  Account  of  it  j  Monf  De  Ltfle  has  been 
at  all  poffible  Pains  to  give  us  an  accurate  Map  of  fo  much  of 
it  as  he  could  get  any  tolerable  Informations  about,  either  from 
the  European  and  Arabian  Geographers,  or  from  the  French  Offi¬ 
cers  who  were  upon  the  two  Expeditions  lately  made  from  5  . 
Males  to  Moca  5  of  which  Monf.  La  Roque  has  given  us  a  very 

compleat  Relation  $  yet  even  that  is  very  impeded.  „ 

However,  that  I  may  not  leave  my  Readers  altogether  uri |c- 
quainted  with  the  Country  to  which  all  the  World  is  beholden 

for  the  fruit  which  I  am  now  deferibing,  I  have  thought  it  pro 

,  per 


(  *3  ) 

per  to  infert  here  a  fliort  Abftraft  of  a  Journey  from  Mocca  to 
the  Court  of  the  King  of  Yemen,  undertaken  by  fome  Perfons  in 
the  fecond  of  the  forementioned  Expeditions;  and  likewife  pub- 
lifhed  by  Monf.  La  Roque. 

The  two  V eflels  of  which  this  fecond  Expedition  confided, 
arrived  at  Mocca  on  the  i  ith  of  December,  ijiiy  and  foon  after, 
the  King  of  Yemen ,  of  which  Country  Mocca  is  now  the  princi¬ 
pal  Sea-Port,  fell  Tick.  His  new  Minifter,  who  at  the  time  of 
the  former  Expedition  had  been  Governor  of  that  Place,  ex¬ 
tolled  the  Skill  of  the  French  Phyficians,  and  advifed  him  to  fend 
for  thofo  that  he  heard  were  lately  arrived.  The  King  confonted, 
and  charged  Cheick  Saleh  himfelf,  (that  was-  the  Minifter’s  Name,) 
with  this  Affair  ;  who  thereupon  immediately  difpatch’d  two  De¬ 
puties  to  the  French  Captains,  with  a  very  obliging  Letter,  ftg- 
nifying  the  Subject  of  their  Commiftion. 

The  Captains,  after  fome  Deliberation,  concluded  at  laft  that 
this  was  a  fit  Opportunity  to  Ihew  the  King  fome  Samples  of  the 
Grandeur  of  France ,  and  to  difcover  as  much  as  they  could  of 
the  Country  to  which  they  were  then  eftablifhing  a  Trade.  Here¬ 
upon  the  proper  Perfons  were  pitched  upon ;  and  having  receiv’d 
rheir  Inftrudfions  from  the  Commanders,  and  likewife  fome  Pre¬ 
fonts  for  the  King,  they  left  Mocca ,  well  mounted  on  horfeback, 
the  14th  of  February,  1711-12.  Their  whole  Company  con- 
filled  of  about  twenty  Perfons,  under  the  Guard  of  a  Troupe  of 
Horfe,  their  Baggage  and  all  Neceffaries  for  their  Journey  being 
carried  by  Camels,  and  other  Beafls  of  Burthen. 

They  fet  out  about  four  a  Clock  in  the  Afternoon,  and  tra- 
vell’d  all  the  reft  of  that  Day,  and  a  good  Part  of  the  Night,  and 
about  three  in  the  Morning  they  arrived  at  Mofa,  a  little  Coun¬ 
try  Town  ten  Leagues  diftant  from  Mocca. 

The  next  Day  they  travelled  fifteen  Leagues,  to  Manzary ,  where 
there  being  only  fix  or  (even  Houfos,  they  paffed  the  Night  un¬ 
der  Palm  and  Poplar  Trees. 

For  eighteen  Leagues  further  the  Roads  were  exceeding  good, 
the  Country  being  almoft  one  continued  Plain,  at  the  End  of 
which  lies  Tagus,  a  Town  much  renowned  among!!  the  Inhabi¬ 
tants,  and  ftrongly  walled,  with  a  Caftle  which  commands  the 
whole  Town.  The  Governor  was  Son  to  the  late  King,  and  the 
Deputies  did  not  fail  to  pay  him  their  R.efpe£ts.  He  received 
them  very  civilly,  and  treated  them,  amongft  other  things,  with 
Coffee,  a  la  Sultane $  a  Drink  made  of  the  Involucra  of  the 
Fruit  only,  and  much  in  Requeft  all  over  that  Country. 


E 


From 


C  H  ) 

From  thence  they  continued  their  Journey  towards  Manzuel; 
and  about  fix  Leagues  from  Tagus  they  had  the  Pleafure  of  feeing 
Coffee  Trees  for  the  firfl  time  5  and  thefe  pafs  for  the  mofl  beau¬ 
tiful  and  beffc  cultivated  in  all  Yemen. 

Manzuel  has  nothing  remarkable  ,•  and  from  thence  they  went 
in  two  Days  to  Tram,  lying  the  firfl  Night  under  the  Trees. 

After  they  left  that  Town,  they  found  the  highefl  Mountains 
which  are  in  the  Kingdom  >  and  the  Country,  which  till  then 
was  pleafant  enough,  tho’  moflly  mountainous,  began  to  be  dry 
and  barren,-  no  Trees  were  to  be  feen  there,  nor  Valleys  full  of 
Coffee  Plantations,  as  they  had  hitherto  frequently  met  with. 

From  Tram,  they  went  to  Tamar,  another  confiderable  Town 
at  fifteen  Leagues  Diflance.  The  Roads  were  uneafy,  and  the 
Heat  exceffive,  till  after  Sun-fet. 

At  Tamar  the  Scene  changes  again,  and  a  very  fine  Country 
begins  to  open.  Muab,  the  Refidence  of  that  King,  is  but  a 
quarter  of  a  League  from  thence,  and  the  Deputies  arrived  there 
the  eighth  Day  after  they  left  Mocca ;  having  travelled  above  an 
hundred  and  twenty  Leagues  almofl  conflantly  to  the  North  Fall. 

Their  Reception,  and  all  that  befell  them  during  the  three  Weeks 
they  remained  there,  I  leave  to  be  confulted  in  the  Author,  there 
being  but  little  of  that  which  has  any  Relation  to  my  prefent 
Defign. 

Tne  Town  of  Muab  is  remarkable  for  nothing  but  the  Prince’s 
refiding  there.  One  of  the  Suburbs  is  wholly  inhabited  by  Jews, 
who  are  never  allowed  to  lie  within  the  Gates.  The  Air  is  very 
good.  Between  nine  in  the  Morning  and  four  in  the  Afternoon 
the  Heats  are  great;  but  it  is  pretty  cool  both  before  the  riling 
and  after  the  letting  of  the  Sun. 

The  Soil  about  the  Town  appear’d  every  where  very  good.  All 
the  Plains  were  fown  with  Wheat  and  Rice 5  and  the  little  Hills 
and  Valleys  were  planted  with  Coffee  Trees,  Vines  and  Fruit 
Trees. 

There  was  nothing  remarkable  in  the  King’s  Gardens,  except 
the  great  Pains  taken  to  furnifli  it  with  all  the  Kinds  of  Trees 
that  are  common  in  the  Country  ;  amongfl  which  there  were 
Coffee  Trees,  the  finefl  that  could  be  had.  When  the  Deputies 
reprefen  ted  to  the  King  how  much  that  was  contrary  to  the  Cu  C- 
tom  of  the  Princes  of  Europe,  who  endeavour  to  flock  their  Gar¬ 
dens  chiefly  with  the  rarefl  and  mod  uncommon  Plants  that  can 
be  found.  The  King  returned  them  this  Anfwer,  That  he  va¬ 
lued  himfelf  as  much  upon  his  good  Tafle  and  Generofity  as  any 
Prince  in  Europe ;  the  Coffee  Tree,  he  told  them,  was  indeed  very 

common 


(  *5  ) 

"epmmon  in  his  Country,  but  it  was  not  the  lefs  dear  to  him  up¬ 
on  that  account  $  the  perpetual  Verdure  of  it  pleafed  him  ex- 
treamly*  and  alfo  the  Thoughts  of  its  producing  a  Fruit  which 
was  no  where  elfe  to  be  met  with  5  and  when  he  made  a  Prefen t 
of  that  that  came  from  his  own  Gardens,  it  was  a  great  Satisfac¬ 
tion  to  him  to  be  able  to  fay  that  he  had  planted  the  Trees  that 

produced  it  with  his  own  Hands. 

The  Kingdom  of  Yemen  is  not  hereditary,  but  he  that  has  had 

the  Art  of  making  himfelf  the  ftrongeft  Party  during  a  King’s 
Life,  is  commonly  his  SuccefTor;  and  the  King  takes  all  poflible 
Care  to  gain  every  Body  in  Favour  of  his  Children  or  nearefl 

Relations.  L  n  . 

The  King  is  independent,  being  .tributary  to  no  other  Prince  ; 

and  as  a  Proof  of  that,  while  the  Deputies  remained  at  Mouab 
there  arrived  Ambafladors  to  him  from  the  Grand  Seignior.  It 
was  given  out  that  it  was  only  an  EmbafTy  of^  Ceremony  and 
Compliment ;  but  The  true  Reafon  was  to  penuad^  the  King, 
not  to  allow  the  Europeans  the  Liberty  of  exporting  Coffee  by  the 
Red  Sea  diredly,  which  was  a  great  Lofs  to  the  Turks 

The  King  being  at  length  perfe&ly  recovered,  the  Deputies 
took  Leave  of  that  Court,  and  returned  to  Mocca 5  they  came 
back  the  fame  Way  they  went,  but  not  being  in  fo  great  a  Hurry, 
they  had  more  Time  to  make  Remarks  concerning  the  Country. 

The  greateft  Part  of  the  Mountains  are  barren,  being  burnt 
up  by  the  Heat  of  the  Sun.  They  produce  no  great  Trees,  but 
upon  the  lower  Sides  of  them  there  are  Plenty  of  Coppices. 
They  met  with  red  Partridges  bigger  than  ours.  Quails  and  Turkic 
Doves  in  abundance,  which  the  Arabians  never  offer  to  flioot. 
The  Foxes  and  Monkeys  were  fo  tame,  that  let  a  Man  go  as  clof, 
to  them  as  he  pleafed,  they  never  offered  to  run  away. 

But  the  greateff  Curiofity  of  our  Travellers,  upon  their  Re¬ 
turn,  was  to  obferve  every  thing  that  relates  to  the  Coffee  Plan¬ 
tations,  and  to  inform  themfelves  of  the  Arabians  concerning 

^Befides  the  Coffee  Trees,  there  were  to  be  feen  in  the  fame 
Plantations  with  them,  a  great  many  other  Sorts  of  Fruit  Trees, 
fuch  as  Peaches,  Apricocks,  Almonds,  Citrons,  Oranges,  Figs, 
Apples,  <&c. 

They  were  informed,  that  befides  the  Towns  which  they  faw, 
there  were  others  of  very  great  Note,  amongfi:  which  is  Sanaa , 
formerly  the  Capital  of  the  whole  Kingdom,  and  the  Seat  of 
their  Kings.  There  are  likewife  feveral  of  the  great  Roads  of 

rhe  Kingdom  paved  for  above  an  hundred  Leagues  together. 

p  Thefe. 


I 


oo 

Thefe  are  the  Particulars  contain’d  in  this  Relation  5  which  may 
ferve  to  give  at  leaft  fome  general  Notion  of  the  Country  which 
produces  Coffee.  The  true  Extent  of  it  is  not  as  yet  known* 
and  much  lefs  in  what  Parts  of  it  Coffee  Trees  grow,  or  how 
much  Land  is  yearly  employed  for  thefe  Plantations.  Mr.  BraJ~ 
ley  tells  us,  that  the  greateft  Part  of  them  are  a  few  Days  Jour¬ 
ney  inland  from  Mocca ,  and  near  the  City  Sanaa,  about  twenty 
Degrees  of  Northern  Latitude.  And  in  another  Place,  that  the 
Coffee  Tree  is  found  from  the  Latitude  of  eighteen  to  twenty 
Degrees  North. 

We  fhall  hear  fomething  more  determinate  about  this  from  Mr. 
Be  la  Morveille ,  in  what  he  has  laid  about  the  Coffee  Trade.  But 
as  the  Coffee  Plant  has  now,  hotwithftaftding  all  the  Pains  the 
Arabians  have  been  at  to  prevent  it,  found  its  Way  to  other 
Parts,  and  is  there  cultivated  with  good  Succefs ;  an  Account  of 
the  Manner  in  which  that  happened,  and  what  have  been  the 
Conferences  thereof,  belongs  likewife  to  the  Hiftory  of  the 
Locus  Natalis  of  this  Plant.  And  here  I  muff  begin  by  obferv- 
ing,  that  by  a  late  Account  fent  to  Mr.  Be  JujJieu  at  Baris •  from 
one  Mr.  Gaudron ,  an  Apothecary  at  St.  Maids ,  publifh’d  in  the 
Hiftory  of  the  Royal  Academy,  it  would  feem  that  the  Coffee 
Plant,  or  at  leaft  one  Species  of  it,  was  a  Native  of  the  Ifland 
of  Bourbon ,  near  Madagafcar,  as  well  as  of  the 
Temen. 

4  The  Inhabitants  of  the  Ifland  of  Bourbon ,  fays  Mr.  Be  Fon - 
tenelle ,  c  having  feen  fome  Branches  of  the  Coffee  Tree,  full  of 
4  Leaves  and  Fruit,  which  a  Freyich  Veffel  had  brought  from 
4  Mocca ,  prefently  difcover’d  that  they  had  the  fame  Sort  of 
4  Tree  growing  upon  their  Mountains  •  and  upon  comparing 
c  them  together,  the  Ships  Company  were  convinced  that  they 
4  were  really  alike  ;  only  that  the  Bourbon  Coffee  Fruit  is  longer, 

4  fmaller,  and  greener  than  that  of  Arabia ,  and  when  burnt  has 
c  a  bitterer  Tafte. 

Whatever  Way  this  Plant  got  into  that  Ifland,  it  is  certain  that 
the  French ,  to  whom  it  belongs,  have  lately  cultivated  Coffee 
there  with  good  Succefs,  and  have  fent  feveral  large  Quantities 
into  Europe  5  and  it  is  not  long  fince  the  publick  News-papers 
gave  us  an  Account  of  the  Sale  of  one  Parcel  by  the  French  Eajl 
India  Company  at  Baris ,  which  was  faid  to  be  as  good  as  any  that 
comes  from  the  Levant.  Tho’  we  fhould  fuppofe  this  an  indige¬ 
nous  Plant  of  that  Ifland,  yet  it  has  been  fo  lately  known  there, 
and  that  only  by  comparing  it  with  others  brought  from  Arabia 
Felix ,  that  had  not  a  Way  been  found  of  propagating  it  from 


Kingdom  of 


C  l7  ) 

this  Country,  Europe  might  ftill  have  been  without  it  j  and  the  Curious 
might  ftill  have  had  Realon  to  complain  in  thele  elegant  Words 
of  Mr.  Ray,  Mirum  tantum  Thefaurum  unius  gent  is,  peculium  effe, 
tamque  lucrofa  jlirpis  Riant  aria,  intra  unius  Provincia  Angujlias 
coerceri.  Mirum  vicinas  Nationes  extimulante  invidia  aut  avaritia, 
ea  jam  pridem  non  vel  vi  depopulatas  effe ,  vel  femina  aut  vivas  ra¬ 
dices  dolo  furripuiffe.  Mirum  quern  vigilem  draconem  Coavetis  fuis 
tuendis  praficiant  indigene,  qui  omnes  injidiantium  technas,  &  con  a- 
tus  fruflretur  &  eludat.  But  now,  by  the  Care  and  Induftry  of 
the  fagacious  Dutch,  the  Ground  of  that  Complaint  has  ceas’d, 
Delufa  jam  vigil  ant  ijjimi  Draconis  Arabici  techna,  Arhorque  non  tan¬ 
tum  in  alias  Ajiaticas  tranfplantata  nunc  Regiones ,  fed  &  in  Euro- 
pam  nojlram  tranfveUa,  late  nunc  in  Belgio  Septentrionalihus 
Oris ,  accedente  indefejjis  culture  curis  virefcit.  As  Volhamerus  has 
well  exprelfed  it. 

How  the  Dutch  made  themlelves  Mailers  of  the  Coffee  Plant, 
has  been  varioully  related  by  Authors:  Some  are  of  Opinion^  that 
they  found  Means  to  carry  off  a  whole  Tree  by  Stratagem  j  and 
Mr.  Bradley ,  amongll  the  reft,  has  related  a  Story  to  this  Purpole. 
But  it  is  from  Prorelfor  Boerhaave  that  we  learn  the  whole  Truth 
of  this  Matter  i  and  likewile  by  what  Means  the  Plant  was  brought 
into  the  Amjlerdam  Garden.  Nicholas  Wit  fen,  Burgomafter  of 
Amjlerdam ,  and  Director  of  the  Dutch  Eajl-India  Company,  wrote 
leveral  times  to  M.  Van  Hoorn,  then  General  of  Batavia ,  to  caule 
ibme  frelh  Coffee  Seeds  to  be  brought  from  Mocca  ■,  and  to  be 
planted  and  cultivated  with  all  poftible  Care  in  the  iflaiid  of  Java , 
of  which  Batavia  is  the  Capital.  Van  Hoorn  did  as  he  was  direct¬ 
ed  5  and  having  in  a  little  time  rais’d  a  conftderable  Number  of: 
Plants,  he  lent  one  of  them  to  Amjlerdam,  in  a  Prelent  to  Witfen, 
who,  as  he  had  been  the  original  Founder  of  the  Phyftck  Garden 
there,  thought  that  the  molt  proper  Place  for  it  to  be  lodg’d  in. 
There  it  foon  bore  Fruit,  from  which  many  new  Trees  have  al¬ 
ready  and  ftill  continue  to  be  railed.  This  Relation  that  learned 
Author  allures  us  he  had  from  Witfen  himfelf  j  but.  his  original 
Words,  of  which  I  have  here  given  the  Subftance  in  Englijh ,  de- 
ferve  to  be  let  down :  AmpliJJimus  vir  Nicolaus  Witfen,  Amjlelada- 
menfis  Conjul,  atque  India  Orientalis  Societatis  PrafeHus,  pojlquam 
fape  Uteris  monuerat  Primum  Societatis  Indie  a  PrafeHum  Van  Hoorn 
ut  Semina  recent  ia  Caffe  Mofchd  Arabia  Felicis  urbe  deferenda  cur  a - 
ret,  atque  in  infula  java  in  cujus  Metropoli  Batavia  habit abat, 
terra  commiffa  f over et  cui  ille  juffo  parens ,  arbor efque  inde  naSlus 
plurimas ,  unam  mijit  ampliffimo  viro,  qui  jlatim  quam  liber  alijjime  in- 
comparabili  hoc  Ornamento  donavit  hortum  Amjl  el  ad  amen  fern,  cujus 

F  ohm 


(  18  ) 

olim  &  Conditor  fuerat.  Ibi  tulit  dein  fruBus,  ex  quibus  fatis 
nova  ajjiduo  flirpes  prodeunt.  It  a  quidem,  ut  rariffima  Arbor  is  Spec - 
taculum  in  Europa  unins  Wit  fen  cur  a  debeatur  &  liber alitati,  errent- 
que  qui  aliter  hac  de  re  publice  comment ati  funt,  ut  fuis  ad  me  datis 
Uteris  ipfe  amplijjimus  vir  memonuit.  The  Authors  M.  Boerhaave 
here  means,  are  probably  the  Relaters  of  that  Story  of  the  Dutch 
having  ftollen  away  a  whole  Plant  from  Arabia  5  which  we  have 
already  taken  Notice  of. 

Concerning  this  Coffee  Plantation  in  Java,  Monf  La  Roque 
{peaks  in  thefe  Words:  c  The  wife  and  fagacious  Dutch  have  plant- 
c  ed  Coffee  brought  from  Arabia ,  near  Batavia,  and  by  trank 
f  planting,  and  other  proper  Methods,  they  have  rais’d  many 
f  Trees  there:  The  Succels,  neverthelefs,  does  not  fully  anfwer, 
c  fince  they  continue  ftill  to  fend  Ships  and  ready  Money  into 
c  the  Red  Sea  to  purchafe  Coffee  from  the  Arabians.  It  is  pre- 
f  tended,  that  the  too  great  Heat  of  that  Climate  is  the  Reafon 
c  why  the  Fruit  feldom  comes  to  due  Perfection.  And  indeed 
f  Coffee  Trees  require  a  moderate  Heat,  much  Shade,  and  afrefli 
c  free  Air.’  This  Author  acquaints  us  further.  That  the  Englijb 
likewife  had  begun  to  plant  Coffee  at  Fort  St.  George ,  in  the  Eafl 
Indies ;  but  with  fo  little  Succefs,  that  he  was  inform’d  they  had 
now  laid  afide  all  Thoughts  of  that  Defign. 

O  O 

Whatever  might  be  the  State  of  the  Dutch  Coffee  Plantations  in 
Java,  when  M.  La  Roque  wrote,  they  are  now  in  a  very  thriv¬ 
ing  Condition  5  great  Quantities  of  Coffee  being  every  Year 
brought  from  thence  into  Europe.  As  for  any  Dehgn  of  plant¬ 
ing  Coffee  about  St.  George ,  I  never  could  hear  that  that  was  car¬ 
ry ’d  further  than  meer  Curiofity. 

But  now  to  return  to  the  Amjlerdam  Garden,  the  Univerfal 
Nurfery  of  Coffee  Trees  for  all  the  Weffern  Parts  of  Europe  3  I 
can  neither  find  in  what  Year  that  Plant  was  brought  thither,  nor 
to  what  Place  the  firft  Trees  were  fetit  from  thence.  We  may 
however  probably  conjecture,  that  the  neighbouring  Gardens  of 
the  United  Provinces  were  firft  fupply’d  5  but  I  find  no  printed 
Account  of  any  fent  out  of  Holland ,  before  thofe  which  Chriftoph. 
Volkamerus  faw  in  M.  Munnukhaufens  Garden  in  Germany  3  of 
which,  as  likewife  of  feme  Seeds  fent  by  Commelinus ,  the  famous 
Botanick  Profeflor  at  Amferdam ,  to  his  Brother  Joh.  Georg.  Holka- 
mertts ,  he  has  given  the  following  Account :  M/ft  Cafe'  fruBus  cera 
obduBos  conjunBiJJimo  fratri  Dn.  D.  Joh.  Georg.  Volkamero,  ex  Am - 
ferodamenfi  horto  Excell.  Comelinn.  Flora  illud  delicium.  Arboris 
autem  Cafe  ferentis  ramum  quern  hie  delineavimus  fumma  liberalitas 
ExceUentifjimi  Domini  L  B,  a  Munnickhaufen  Magna  nunc  Britan - 
2-  nia 


(  *9 


) 


”•*  Monarch*  Potential,  &  EleBoris  Brunfaicenfu  Hannoverani 
(quern  Deus  T.  0.  At.  Jer-vet  &  tueatur)  Tbefaurarius  &  conjiliarius 
intimus,  ex  horto  fuo  Snxehherhano  prope  Hamelenfe  Fortatitium  ex - 

truBo,  cum  regiis  certe  cmparando,  mih'i  quod  grata  mente  recolo 
exhibuit. 

This  Account  is  dated  in  17145  M.  Mu?mickhaujen  mult  there¬ 
fore  have  had  his  Plant  before  that  time  ;  but  we  are  fure  it  was 
in  that  Year  (Mr.  Bradley  fays  about  the  latter  End  of  it)  that  the 
Magiftrates  of  Amjlerdam  fent  a  large  Tree  bearino-  Fruit  in  a  Pro 
fern  to  the  late  French  King.  Mo°„f  La  Roque°(d  n  Immel 
atdy  after  it  was  plac’d  m  the  Royal  Garden  at  Paris  $  and  from 
wuat  he  fays,  we  likewife  learn  that  there  were  fome  fmall  Plants 

th^reije^re*  ff  °n  tlle  *?thof  July ,  fays  that  Author,  Monf 
‘  De  Dodor  of  Phyfick,  and  Royal  Profeffor  of  Botany, 

was  fo  kind  as  to  carry  M.  G  aland,  Arabick  ProfelTor  in  the 
Royal  College  j  M.  Parent ,  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences, 
M.  Onange,  a  learned  Chine Je,  and  my  felf,  to  the  Roval  Gar¬ 
den,  to  fee  the  young  Coffee  Plants  that  are  there 3  but  at  our 
f  Arrival  we  were  told  that  the  King’s  firft  Phyfician  had  fent 

r  u*  ll  C  ^rCat  ^°^ee  ^ree  JateJy  come  ffom  Holland ,  and 
f  which  had  been  prefented  to  His  Majeffy  by  the  Magiftrates  of 

r  Amjlerdam.  We  went  therefore  firft  to  fee  this  rare  Plant,*  and 
we  conhdered  it  a  great  while  with  Pleafure.  It  was  in  a  Cafe 
in  the  fame  Glafs  Frame  with  the  Torch  Thiftle  of  Perou,  be¬ 
ing  about  five  Foot  high,  and  not  above  one  Inch  Diameter 
It  {hoots  out  divers  little  Branches  that  arife  all  along  the  Stalk," 

’  anc*  ajtogether  f°rm  alm oft  a  Pyramid  5  the  Leaves  are  all  rank’d 
in  Pairs,  but  not  fo  big  as  thole  I  had  from  Arabia.  And 
M.  Galand  perceiv’d  no  Difference  between  this  Tree  and  one 
he  had  feen  at  Conjlantinople .  There  was  green  Fruit  upon  it 

about  the  Size  of  a  final  1  Plumb,*  red  Fruit  almoft  like  a  Cherry, 
and  fome  nearly  ripe,  of  a  much  deeper  Colour.  The  Hol¬ 
lander  who  was  intruded  with  the  Care  of  it,  and  came  along 
with  it  from  Marly,  told  us  there  was  another  ft  ill  at  Amjler¬ 
dam,  much  larger  than  this,  being  as  high  as  the  fecond  Story 
of  an  Houfe,  and  proportionably  thick.  This  great  Tree  came 
originally  from  Arabia,  being  tranfplanted  very  youncr,  and 
earned  to  Java,  where  after  it  had  grown  for  fome  nme,  it 
was  at  length  lent  to  Amjlerdam,  and  there  continues  ftill  to 
piofpei.  (In  all  this  our  Author  nvas  mifwjorm  dj  From  the 
thereof  a  great  many  Trees  have  been  rais’d  3  fome  of 
wmch  have  bore  Fruit  at  three  Years  old3  and,  as  the  Dutchman 
told  us,  the  Tree  fent  to  the  King  was  of  this  Number. 


'  M.  De 


( 20 ) 

t  M.  De  Juffieu  carry ’d  us  afterwards  to  fee  the  other  Plant  which 
'  came  fome  time  before  from  Holland.  It  is  as  ye:  but  very  in- 
<■  confiderable,  bears  no  Fruit,  and  is  but  about  a  Foot  and  an 

<  half  high,  tho’  very  frelh  and  in  good  Plight.  But  to  return 

<  t0  the  hril,  in  order  to  fatisfy  my  Curiofity  compleatly,  I  want- 
c  e(J  now  only  to  fee  it  in  Flower  ;  and  this  I  had  the  Pleafurc 

<  0p  by  M.  De  Juffieu  s  Means,  in  about  five  Weeks  after.  I  faw 

<  f0tlle  0f  the  Flowers  unblown,  others  perfectly  open  and  fpread, 

<  and  from  thence  I  was  fully  convinced  of  the  Truth  of  every 

<  thing  I  have  advanced  in  niy  Memoirs  on  that  Subject, 

In  this  fame  Year,  1714.  Mr-  Bradlly  tcils  us>  the  Vutch  fenc 
over  feveral  Trees  to  their  Settlement  at  Surinam  in  the  Wifi  Indies, 
in  order  to  cultivate  them  in  that  Country,  where  he  thinks  they 
will  undoubtedly  turn  to  good  Account ;  as  he  is  perfuaded  they 
would  do,  if  they  were  propagated  in  the  South  Parts  of  Caro¬ 
lina.  That  Trial  I  believe  has  not  as  yet  been  made,  but  there 
is  now  a  very  large  Stock  of  Coffee  Trees  in  Barbadoes  ;  from 
whence  not  only  whole  Plants,  but  even  fome  Pounds  of  dry'd 
Fruit  have  been  fent  to  England.  And  I  am  inform’d  by  Mr. 
Philip  Miller  of  Chelfey,  that  in  the  Year  1710,  one  Capt.  Toting 
carry ’d  the  firft  Plants  from  Surinam  to  that  Ifland.  If  we  may 
believe  Mr.  Bradley ,  in  his  late  Appendix,  it  is  owing  to  His 
former  Writings  that  ever  they  thought  of  cultivating  Coffee 
there.  ‘  I  am,  favs  he,  the  more  particular  (about  making  hot-beds, 

<  „0  'noubt  wery  neceffiary  in  Barbadoes)  on  this  account,  becaufe  I 

<  now  find  that  my  former  Writings  concerning  Coffee,  have 

<  brought  that  Plant  to  be  familiar  in  our  American  Plantations, 

‘  I  mean  the  Ifland  of  Barbadoes,  where  at  prefent  there  is  a  great 

c  Number  of  Plants  in  a  fruit  bearing  State,  from  whence  fome  , 

<  have  been  brought  to  the  Royal  Palace  at  Hampton  Court,  in  a 

<  profnerous  Condition)  and  I  doubt  not  but  the  Plant,  for  its 

<  Beauty  and  Curiofity,  will  be  as  much  coveted  by  all  Lovers 
1  of  Gardens,  with  us ;  efpecially  fince  the  fame  Expence,  in 
‘  point  of  Culture,  will  ferve  for  the  Education  of  all  the  choice 

<  Fruits  of  the  hottefl  Climates. 

But  to  return  to  the  Progrefs  of  the  Coffee  Plant  in  Europe. 
Beinu  by  this  time  pretty  common  in  the  Northern  Countries 
thereof,  it  at  length  found  its  Way  over  the  Alps  into  the  Phyfick 
Garden  at  Pifa, '  from  whence,  no  doubt,  it  has  now  fpread  to 
the  other  curious  Repofitories  in  Italy.  It  is  M.  Ttlli,  Botanick 
Profelfor  at  Pifa,  who  acquaints  us  with  this  Circumftance.  The 
Grand  Duke,  he  fays,  being  inform’d  that  the  Coffee  Tree  was 
cultivated  in  the  Amjlerdam  Garden,  defir'd  of  the  Direftor  there- 


(  21  ) 

of  that  he  might  have  a  Plant  for  his  Phyfick  Garden  at  Pifa$ 
and  as  they  readily  contented,  it  accordingly  arriv’d  fife  at  Leg¬ 
horn  in  1715,  in  the  hotteft  time  of  the  Year,  having  fuff  ain’t! 
no  Damage  in  the  Voyage  •  and  being  from  thence  tranfported 
to  Pifa ,  it  continues  there  to  flourifh  and  bear  Fruit  to  Perfe&ion, 
from  which  many  young  Plants  have  been  rais’d.  Hujus  rariffima 
Plant £  in  Ampliffmo  Amfleladamenfi  horto  Vegetantis  ad  Aures  Regia 
CeJJitudinis  Magni  Ducis  Rumor  pervenerat,  &  ficuti  omnes  ejus  im¬ 
petus  tam  in  genere  Scientiarum  quam  in  genere  novitatis  ad  laudem 
Jenifer  funt  propenf,  ut  honejla  &  utilia  qualibet  animus  ejus  con¬ 
tinue  ccgitet,  hanc  plant  am  quoque  ex  horto  Amfeladamenf  in  Pifa- 
nam  urhem  transferendam  cogitavit  hinc  jaclum  ut  tanti  Prmcipis 
nomine ,  claritate  ac  benevolentia  illujlrijjimi  &  nobilijjimi  ejus  horti 
cur  at  ores  ad  nos  Anno  1715,  hanc  Cafe  plant  am  titulo  &  defcrip- 
tione  Jafmini  Arabici  Cajlanea  foliis  fore  albo  odoratiffimo  a  Doff  if 
fmo  Commelino  faUa ,  omni  cur  a  &  diligentia  miferunt.  Hinc  & 
Navis  Gubernator  fuam  adhibuit  operarn  &  foUicitudinem  j  opportune 
enim  Liburnum  appulit  •  tunc  of  us  erat  graviffmus ,  jlagrantijfmo 
fdere  Coelum  incaluerat ,  attamen  a  tanta  Locorum  difantia ,  abfque 
uUo  Hybernaculo  nihil  deirimenti  acceperat. 

When  the  Coffee  Tree  was  firffc  teen  in  England,  I  am  not  able 
pofitively  to  determine.  Mr.  Wife ,  His  Majefly  s  chief  Gardi- 
diner,  affures  me,  that  fome  time  before  the  Death  of  the  late 
Queen  Mary  this  Plant  was  in  the  Royal  Garden  at  Hampton  Court 5 
and  I  have  been  told,  that  the  late  Bifliop  of  London,  Dr.  Comp¬ 
ton,  had  one  at  Fulham  in  1696.  brought  dire&ly  from  Batavia, 
by  one  Capt.  Adams. 

In  the  Year  17064  Her  Grace  the  Dutchefs  of  Beaufort  (as  I 
am  inform’d  by  the  Gardiner)  had  one  at  Chelfey. 

In  1712.  it  was  certainly  in  the  Right  Honourable  the  Lord 
Viteount  Weymouth's  Garden  at  Long  Leate  in  Wiltjhire.  This 
appears  by  a  Catalogue  of  all  the  Stove  and  Greenhoufe  Plants 
and  Annuals  in  that  Garden,  taken  July  28,  1714,  when  that 
Nobleman  died,  communicated  to  me  by  my  worthy  Friend  the 
Reverend  and  Learned  Mr.  Harbeinj  in  which  Catalogue  I  find 
the  true  Coffee  Plant  three  Foot  high  fent  to  my  Lord  from  Holland, 
in  1712. 

But  the  firft  printed  Account  we  have  of  any  Plants  fent  from 
Amflerdam  to  England  is  by  Mr.  Bradley ,  in  his  firlt  Treatife  of: 
Coffee,  publifli’d  in  1714  5  that  is,  in  the  fame  Year  in  which 
he  himfelf  faw  them  in  Holland.  f  The  Heer  Gerebrand  Pancrafs, 
c  Commiffary  of  the  Garden,  and  Prefident  of  the  City  of  Am- 
4  fterdam,  did  me  the  Honour  to  accommodate  me  with  this  great 

G  4  Curiofity, 


( 22 ) 

c  Curiofity,  which  I  Tent  into  England,  and  intruded  to  the  Care 
'  of  Mr.  Thomas  Fairchild,  a  moft  accurate  Gardiner  at  Hoxton. 

Dr.  Sherrard  has  been  fo  kind  as  to  inform  me,  that  about  the 
Year  1719  he  fent  a  Coffee  Plant  to  Dr.  Eudal  at  Enfield 5  and 
in  172,3,  his  Brother,  Mr.  Sherrard ,  had  fome  for  his  fine  Gar¬ 
den  at  Eltham, ,  likewife  dire&ly  from  Holland. 

In  1724,  Mr.  Parker  of  Heling  had  two  Plants  lent  him  from 
Amjlerdam. 

There  has  been  likewife  a  good  Number  of  Plants  fent  direct¬ 
ly  hither  from.  Barhadoes.  Thofe  that  came  laft  Summer  to  His 
Majefty,  were  fent  by  the  Governour  of  that  Ifland,  and  en- 
trufied  to  the  Care  of  Dr.  Gamble.  His  Royal  Highnefs  the 
Prince,  and  the  Duke  of  Chandos  had  fome  by  the  fame  Ship. 


CHAP.  IV. 

.  r  . .  .  .  \ 

The  Coffee  Plant  in  general ’ 

IN  this  Chapter  my  Defign  is  only  to  lay  before  the  Reader  a 
fliort  View  of  the  Sentiments  of  Authors  concerning  the  Ge¬ 
nus  of  this  Plant,  with  refpedt  to  Theophrajlus’s  general  Divifion 
of  Vegetables ;  and  to  remark  the  other  Plants  to  which  it  has 
been  compared.  The  Obfervations  which  belong  to  this  Place, 
are  therefore  fuch  only  as  could  not  conveniently  be  rank’d  under 
any  Head  of  the  following  Defcription,  and  at  the  fame  time 
ferve  to  convey  a  general  Idea  of  the  whole  Plant,  the  particular 
Parts  of  which  I  am  afterwards  to  examine. 

Every  Body  knows  that  Theophrajlus  has  divided  all  Plants  into 
thefe  four  Claffes,  Trees,  Shrubs,  Under-  fhrubs  and  Herbs.  The 
Coffee  Plant  has  been  thought  by  different  Authors  to  belono-  to 
every  one  of  thefe;  for  it  is  by  fome  called  a  Tree,  by  others  a 
Shrub  and  Bulk,  by  others  an  Herb,  in  exprefs  Terms-  and  by 
others,  in  fine,  it  has  been  compared  to  different  Plants  of  all 
thefe  Kinds. 

Alpiniis,  the  firffc  Author  who  has  mention’d  the  Coffee  Plant, 
calls  it  a  Tree,  and  compares  it  to  the  Euonymus ,  a  few  things 
excepted  concerning  the  Figure  and  Subfiance  of  the  Leaves,  h 
is  not  eafy  to  determine  what  Euonymus  is  here  meant  •  did  he 
not  feem  to  place  the  chief  Difference  between  the  Coffee  Plant 
and  that,  in  the  Leaves,  I  fhould  be  apt  to  think  he  had  in  view 
z  the 


(  23  ) 

the  Spindle  Tree,  which  grows  commonly  in  Hedges  in  moft 
Counties  of  England,  for  the  Leaves  thereof  bear  a  very  great 
Refemblance  to  thofe  expreffed  in  Alpinus’s  Figure. 

J.  B.  who  only  copies  from  Alpinus 3  what  he  has  faid  about 
this  Plant,  agrees  with  him  likewife  in  calling  it  a  Tree,  and  both 
he  and  his  Brother  C.  B.  compare  it  to  the  Euonymus ,  without 
any  farther  Explication. 

Petrus  de  la  Valle ,  the  celebrated  Italian  Traveller,  in  a  Letter 
dated  at  ConJJantinople,  1615,  calls  it  alfo  a  Tree.  It  grows,  he 
lays,  near  Mecca  ;  and  of  the  Fruit  the  Turks  Drink  is  made. 

Garcias  Silva  Figueroa ,  in  the  Account  he  has  given  us  of  his 
own  Embaffy  from  Spain  to  Perfia ,  begun  in  1 C 1 7,  tells  us  that 
the  Perjians  made  their  Coffee  of  certain  Herbs. 

Vejlingius,  in  his  Notes  on  Alpinus,  1638,  gives  this  Plant 
the  Name  of  a  Tree;  but  at  the  fame  time  owns  he  had  never 
feen  it. 

Parkinfon  compares  it  to  the  Prickle  Timber,  or  Prickwood 
Tree,  which  he  takes  to  be  the  Euonymus  of  Alpinus. 

Banefius ,  111  the  firft  Treatife  that  was  ever  publifh’d  expreflly 
on  Coffee,  1671,  is  likewife  the  firft  whom  I  find  to  have  cal¬ 
led  this  Plant  a  Shrub  or  Bufh ;  which  are  the  Names  he  com 
ftantly  gives  it  thro’  his  whole  Book.  And  as  he  has  likewife 
quoted  Alpinus’ s  Account  of  it,  the  Englijb  Translator  thinks  fit 
to  add,  by  way  of  Note,  that  the  Euonymus  is  by  our  Botanifts 
term’d  the  Spindle  Tree,  or  Prickwood  ;  but  it  is  believ’d  ( fays 
he,  without  telling  us  by  whom,  or  for  what  Reafon)  that  it  is 
not  Alpinus’ s  Euonymus. 

Chabraus,  in  his  Seiographia  Stirpium ,  1678,  joins  with  the 
other  Authors  in  calling  the  Coffee  Plant  a  Tree;  but  it  is  meerly 
upon  the  Authority  of  Alpinus ,  who  indeed  is  the  only  Perfon, 
during  all  this  time,  that  appears  to  have  ever  leen  it  3  for  Bane- 
pus  no  where  fays  that  he  did  5  and  the  reft  either  frankly  own 
they  never  did,  or  fay  nothing  about  the  Plant  at  all. 

Monk  Bernier  has  fomething  new  upon  this  Head,  but  we 
lliall  ice  prefen  tly,  from  Monf  La  Roque ,  that  he  has  been  very 
ill  inform’d.  c  I  cannot  tell  you  (fays  he  to  Monf.  Du  Four ,  in  a 
Letter  publifh’d  with  that  Author’s  Treatife  on  Coffee)  f  whether 
c  Coffee  be  a  kind  of  Bean,  which  is  fown  every  Year  as  we  do 
c  ours,  or  the  Fruit  of  fome  Shrub;  I  find  nothing  upon  that 
c  Head  in  my  Journals  ;  but  what  I  can  affure  you  of  is,  that 

it  muft  be  a  Species  of  Convolvulus ,  becaufe  I  remember  per- 
■  fc&ly  well  to  have  been  told  that  it  is  always  planted  near  the 
c.  Mouze'j  to  which  it  clings,  and  fo  fupports  its  felf.  ’  This 

Mouze 


(  H  ) 

Mouzc  is  what  the  Portugueze  call  Adam  s  Fig  Tree,  becaufc  of  the 
Largenefs  of  its  Leaves. 

It  is  no  Wonder  that  this  Account  ftartled  Dr.  Rob  inf  on,  and 
that,  having  nothing  but  Alpinus  and  his  own  Obfervations  on 
the  dry’d  Coffee  Fruit  to  be  guided  by,  he  was  at  a  Lofs  what  to 
make  of  it.  c  M.  Bernier ,  who  pafs  d  the  Red  Sea  into  Arabia , 
(fays  the  Doctor  to  Mr.  Ray ,  in  a  Letter  publifh’d  not  long  ago 
by  Mr.  Derham )  c  doth  affirm.  That  the  Arabs  affured  him  that 
c  the  Coffee  Fruit  was  fown  every  Year,  under  Trees,  upon  which 

*  it  did  climb  and  run.  From  which  he  concludes  it  to  be  a 
€  Species  of  Convolvulus.  I  think  he  might  as  well  have  con- 

*  eluded  it  to  be  a  Phafeolus ,  or  fome  other  fcandent  Legume - - 

f  If  M.  Bernier  was  truly  inform’d  of  its  annual  lowing  and  climb- 

f  ing,  then  Alpinus  never  law  the  true  Coffee  Plant -  I  have  ex- 

c  amin’d  many  Coffee  Berries,  as  they  call  them,  here  in  London , 
c  and  am  almoft  perfuaded  by  my  own  Obfervation  that  they  are 
‘  neither  Berries  nor  the  Seeds  of  any  Convolvulus ,  nor  of  any 
c  Legume,  but  are  rather  of  the  Nut  Kind. 

Du  Fours  Treatife  of  Coffee  was  printed  in  1683,  and  in  the 
Beginning  thereof  he  terms  the  Coffee  a  Legume,  or  kind  of  fo¬ 
reign  Bean  3  but  when  he  talks  of  the  Plant  it  felf,  he  is  not  al¬ 
together  againft  its  being  called  a  Tree,  tho’  he  inclines  more  to 
rank  it  among  the  Shrubs.  f  The  Tree  that  produces  the  Coffee 
(fays  he)  c  is  like  the  Euonymus  or  Spindle  Tree  ( Fufain  in  French) 
c  which  bears  the  Seed  we  xall  Bonnet  de  Pretre ,  as  we  are  inform’d 
c  by  Alpinus ,  who  law  it  in  his  Travels.  In  the  Memoirs  which 
f  I  have  received  from  the  Levant ,  it  is  compared  to  our  middling 
c  Sort  of  Cherry  Trees,  both  in  Leaves,  Branches  and  Size,  for 
f  at  moft  it  is  but  a  Shrub. 

Blegny  compares  the  Trunk  of  the  Coffee  Plant  to  a  common 
Bean  Stalk.  What  led  him  into  this  Miftake  was  his  looking  on 
the  Branch  delineated  by  Alpinus ,  to  be  the  whole  Plant. 

As  Du  Fours  Book  was  the  lateffc,  and,  as  Mr.  Ray  owns,  the 
bell  that  he  had  heard  of  about  Coffee,  when  the  fecond  Tome 
of  his  Hijlory  of  Plants  came  out,  we  need  not  be  furpriz’d  to 
find  that  he  imitates  him  in  calling  it  a  Shrub. 

In  this,  and  in  nothing  elfe,  he  is  followed  by  the  Worthy 
and  Learned  Sir  Hans  Sloan ,  whole  Account  of  this  Plant,  pub¬ 
lifh’d  in  the  Philof  TranfaH.  N°  208,  is  by  far  the  moft  exad  that 
had  till  then  appear’d. 

Mr.  Dale,  in  his  Pharmacologia,  1710,  ventures  to  diffent  from 
Mr.  Ray  in  this  Particular,  and  calls  the  Coffee  Plant  a  Tree.  This 
was  certainly  not  the  Effed  of  any  Knowledge  he  had  of  the 
*  Plant, 


( 2$ ) 

Plant,  for  in  the  very  next  Line  he  tells  us  it  is  Arbor  pragrandis, 
a  Tree  of  an  extraordinary  Size*  and  compares  it  to  the  Mia,  or 

Lime  Tree,  _ 

Dr.  Salmon  agrees  with  Dale  in  calling  the  Coffee  Plant  a  1  ree  *> 

but  inftead  of  the  pragrandis  of  that  Author,  he  (ays  it  is  but  a 

very  little  Tree.  . 

Sir  Thomas  Pope  Blount ,  in  his  Natural  Hiftory,  16P5,  takes 

Notice  ( from  Du  Four  I  fuppofe)  of  the  Refemblance  of-  it  to  the 

Cherry  Tree,  except  that  it  is  fcarce  fo  big. 

Dr.  Pechey,  in  his  Compleat  Herbal,  i65>4?  caPs  lt  a  little  Tree 5 
but  rather  than  to  fay  he  copy’d  Dr.  Salmon ,  I  Hull  fuppofe  he 

tranflated  the  Arbufculum  of  Mr.  Ray. 

Pomety  after  finding  Fault  with  Blegny,  tho’  without  naming 

him,  tells  us,  (Hijloire  des  Drogues ,  i6?4>)  tpac  por  pis  ParCj  pe 
rather  inclines  to  J.  Bauhinuss  Opinion,  that  it  is  like  the  Spindle 
Tree.  How  can  this  Author  have  ever  read  J.  B.  and  not  fee 
that  he  copies  Alpinus  ? 

Herman  acquaints  us,  in  his  Pofthumous  Treadle  of  the  Ma¬ 
teria  Medica ,  publifh’d  1710,  that  the  Coffee  Trees  grow  in  Ara¬ 
bia  Felix ,  and  that  they  are  as  big  as  Lime  Trees.  As  this  Book 
was  handed  about  in  Manufcript  long  before  it  was  printed,  it 
was  from  thence,  perhaps,  that  Dale  got  this.  Companion. 

The  two  Fernery  s  flick  by  J.  B.  and  only  refer  to  him  for  a 

farther  Account  of  this  Plant. 

It  is  hard  to  tell  upon  what  Langius  founded  the  Refemblance, 
when,  in  his  Materia  Medica ,  1704,  he  compared  the  Coiiee 
Plant  to  the  Filix  *  or  how,  after  fuch  a  Comparifon,  he  fliould 
flill  call  it  a  Tree. 

Tournefort  has  no  where  mention’d  this  Plant,  but  in  a  Poll- 
humous  Treatife  of  the  Materia  Medina,  and  even  there  he  has 

only  copy’d  Du  Four. 

Chomely  in  his  Plantes  Ufuelles ,  1711,  and  Andry ,  in  his  Ali- 
mens  du  Car  erne,  17135  call  it  fimply  a  Tree  which  grows  in  Ara¬ 
bia  Felix. 

Valeniiniy  in  the  Latin  Edition -of  his  Materia  Medicay  publ ifli  d 
in  17165  tells  us  it  is  an  exotick  Tree  as  big  as  the  Lime  Tree. 

C.  Commelinus  is  the  firft  who  has  been  at  Pains  to  examine  this 
Plant  with  a  View  to  difeover  the  Family  it  belongs  to,  for  nei¬ 
ther  Morifon  nor  Tournefort  in  his  Inflitutions,  have  fo  much  as 
mention’d  it  3  and  the  Way  that  Mr.  Ray  has  clafs’d  it  is  only  by 
Guefs.  According  to  this  Author,  the  Coflee  Plant  is  a  Species 
of  Jeffamin  j  and  Volkamerusy  in  the  Acad.  Cafar.  Leopold.  Ephem. 
Obf.  168.  adds,  that  it  is  of  th c  Bacciferous  Kind. 

Meffieurs 


(26) 

Meffieurs  La  Roque  and  Be  JujJieu  have  given  us  fo  exa&  and 
eompleac  a  Defcription  of  this  Plant,  that  they  had  no  Occaflon 
to  compare  it  to  any  other,  as  a  Mean  to  convey  a  better  Idea  of 
it;  and  after  what  they  have  (aid  there  can  no  more  Difficulty 
remain  whether  it  ought  to  be  ranked  among  the  Trees  or  Shrubs. 
La  Roque  adds,  en  paffiant,  that  when  at  its  full  Growth  it  is  not 
unlike  an  Apple  Tree.  But  what  we  have  principally  to  remark 
from  this  Author’s  Account,  is  an  Obfervation  which  lets  us  into 
the  Rcafon  of  M.  Berniers  Mi  Bake,  and  clears  up  the  Difficulty 
which  Dr.  Robinfon  was  in  about  it.  f  If  our  Travellers,  fays 
Monf  La  Roque ,  c  had  not  made  this  Journey  to  Mouab  ( the 
f  City  where  the  King  of  Yemen  then  refided)  we  fliould  perhaps 
f  have  long  remain’d  ignorant  of  one  Singularity  about  the 
c  Coffee  Trees,  of  which  no  Body  has  hitherto  taken  Notice; 

and  that  is,  that  in  Places  very  much  expofed  to  the  South, 
c  or  which  lie  too  open,  thefe  Plants  are  fee  under  great  Trees, 
which  they  fay  appear’d  like  a  kind  of  Poplars,  and  they  ferve 
to  fhade  and  defend  the  others  from  the  exceffive  Heat  of  the 
Sun.  The  Inhabitants  are  perfuaded  that  without  this  Canopy 
the  Flowers  would  foon  be  burnt  up,  and  no  Fruit  ever  appear; 
f  and  our  Travellers  law  fbme  Inftances  of  this  in  other  Trees 
which  had  not  the  Advantage  of  a  Shade.  They  obferv’d  this 
f  in  the  firft  Coffee  Trees  they  met  with  in  their  Journey:  It  was 
f  in  a  Plain  near  the  City  of  Tagus ,  which  is  very  much  expos’d. 
c  The  Poplars  flood  at  certain  Diflances  all  over  the  Plantation, 

4  and  each  of  them  fhaded  a  good  Number  of  Coffee  Trees  re- 
f  gularly  planted  for  that  Purpofe,  much  after  the  Manner  that 
c  Apple  Trees  are  in  Normandy.  In  other  Places  which  do  not 
c  lie  fo  open  there  are  none  of  thefe  Trees  to  be  feen,  the  Coflee 
4  Plants  thriving  well  enough  there  without  a  Shade. 

Thus  far  Monf  La  Roque.  And  thefe  were  undoubtedly  the 
great  Trees  which  Bernier  had  been  told  of  5  for  which  he  could 
imagine  no  other  Ufe  than  that  they  fupported  the  Coffee  Plants, 
as  others  do  the  Convolvuli. 

Profeffor  Boerhaave  agrees  in  every  thing  with  Commelinus.  It 
was  fufficient  for  the  Defign  of  his  Index,  publiflfd  in  1720,  to 
name  and  clafs  this  Plant  as  he  had  found  it  done  by  any  good 
Author  before  him. 

According  to  Mr.  Jofeph  Miller ,  in  his  late  Botanicum  Officinale , 
the  Coffee  Plant  feems  to  be  neither  Tree  nor  Shrub,  but  fome- 
thing  between  both;  which  he  expreffes  by  calling  it  a  Jhrubby 
Tree.  He  is  likewife  afraid  to  make  it  a  Species  of  Jafmin ,  but 
fays  only,  that  it  is  fo  according  to  Commelinus. 

2 


Mr. 


C  27  ) 

Mr.  Bradley  is  as  pofitive  on  the  other  hand,  that  Commelinus 
was  in  the  right  5  aud  affines  us  that  every  Day  confirms  him  more 

and  more  that  it  is  of  that  Tribe. 

In  this  Manner  have  Botanical  Writers  talkd  concerning  the 
Coffee  Plant  in  general  ;  and  if  we  look  back  on  all  that  has  heic 

been  quoted  from  them,  we  fliall  find, 

1 .  That  of  all  the  Authors  who  have  faid  any  thing  upon 
this  Subjed,  the  greateft  Part  are  agreed  that  this  Plant  is  truly 
and  properly  a  Tree,  and  ought  to  be  reckon  d  fuch. 

1.  That  of  the  remaining  Authors,  Banefms,  Mr.  Ray,  and 
Sir  Hans  Sloane ,  think  it  is  properly  a  Shrub  •  T>u  Four ,  that  it 
may  be  reckon’d  either  a  Tree  or  Shrub;  Miller ,  that  it  is  neither 
the  one  nor  the  other,  but  a  flirubby  Tree;  Figueroa ,  that  it  is  an 
Herb;  Langius ,  that  it  is  both  Herb  and  Tree;  and  Bernier  is  al¬ 
together  undetermin’d  about  it. 

3 .  The  other  Plants  it  has  been  compar’d  to,  and  the  Authors 

of  thefe  Companions,  are  the  following, 


Euonymus, 

Prickle  Timber  Tree, 
Convolvulus, 

Cherry  Tree, 
Common  Bean, 

Tilia,  or  Lime  Tree, 
Filix,  or  Fearn, 
Jelfamin, 

Apple  Tree, 


Alfm. 
Park  inf. 
Bernier . 
Du  Four. 

Dale. 

Lan<r. 

o 

Commelin. 
La  Roque. 


CHAP. 


(  28  ) 


CHAP.  V. 

The  Root ?  Trunk  and  Branches  of  the  Coffee 

Riant. 

rV  H  O’  the  Coffee  Tree  is  now  to  be  found  in  many  Gar- 

A  about  London,  it  has  been  my  Misfortune  as  yet  ne¬ 

ver  to  have  had  a  full  Opportunity  of  examining  thefe  Parts  of 
it  which  make  the  Subject  of  this  Article.  I  fhall,  however, 
venture  to  communicate  the  few  Obfervations  I  have  hitherto 
been  able  to  make  about  them  5  leaving  a  more  perfect  Delcrip- 
tion  of  them  to  be  fupply’d  by  fome  other  Hand,  in  cafe  I  Ihould 
never  be  in  a  Condition  to  do  it  my  (elf. 

The  Coffee  Fruit  being  planted  in  a  convenient  Soil,  the  firft 
Pait  of  the  fucceeding  Tree  which  appears  above  Ground,  is  the 
feminal  Leaves 5  and  as  foon  as  they  are  fpread,  the  tender  Stem 
may  be  perceived  to  Iprout  out  betwixt  them  tip’d  with  two 
other  Leaves  of  the  fame  Kind  with  thole  that  always  remain  on 
the  Plant.  From  between  thele,  another  Portion  of  the  Stalk 
may  in  a  little  time  afterwards  be  perceived  to  ihoot,  crown’d 
hkewile  with  a  new  Pair  of  Leaves  lying  in  a  Plain  which  cuts  the 
former  at  right  Angles 5  and  in  this  manner  the  tender  Trunk  ad¬ 
vances. 

How  long  it  is  before  the  firft  Branches  begin  to  appear,  I 
cannot  certainly  tell  ;  I  law  a  young  Plant  in  Mr.  Sherrard's  Gar. 
den,  feven  Inches  high,  bearing  five  Pair  of  Leaves,  befides  the 
feminal  ones,  without  any  Veftige  of  Branches.  But  when  they 
do  arife,  their  Manner  of  Growth  is  much  the  lame  with  that 
of  the  Trunk.  They  come  out  in  crols  Pairs  from  the  Ala  of 
the  above-mention’d  Leaves,  and  all  of  them  make  acute  Andes 
with  the  Stem,  thole  neareft  the  Top  being  mod  inclined. 

Neither  is  the  Delcent  of  the  Root,  in  all  Appearance,  much 
different  from  the  Afcent  of  the  Trunk  and  Branches;  for  in  a 
veiy  filial  1  Plant  which  I  had  the  good  Fortune  to  get  with  the 
Root  entire,  I  obferv’d  it  to  run  down  for  a  good  way  pretty 
ftrait,  and  that  afterwards  it  bent  leveral  Ways,  very  lono-  Fibres 
arifing  from  it  thro’  its  whole  Length,  moft  of  them  ftandmo- 
the  lame  Way  as  the  Branches  do  on  the  Trunk,  only  much  more 
numerous,  and,  as  far  as  I  could  find,  in  a  Fofition  not  always 
exactly  regular.  As  the  Plant  grows  up,  fome  of  the  Fibres 

2  which 


(  29  ) 

which  lie  neareft  the  Surface  of  the  Earth  become  equal  to  the 
main  Body  of  the  Root  in  Thicknefs,  and  (end  out  other  (mall 
ones  in  the  lame  Plenty ;  and  in  this  Manner  it  fpreads  to  a  con- 
fiderable  Breadth  as  well  as  Depth,  thefe  (everal  Digiti  /hooting  out 
different  Ways,  and  at  different  Angles  with  the  Horizon.  This 
is  all  that  I  could  with  Certainty  difcover  in  another  pretty  large 
Root  fent  me  by  a  Friend •  but  which  by  Misfortune  had  been 
cut  and  mangled  when  dug  up. 

To  what  Height  and  Thicknefs  thefe  Plants  will  grow  with 
us,  cannot  as  yet  be  determin’d,  there  being  none,  as  far  as  I 
know,  in  England  which  have  reach’d  their  utmoft  Limits  of  In- 
creafe.  Mr.  Parker  of  Heling  has  one  which  laft  Summer  was 
full  five  Feet  above  Ground ;  the  Circumference,  near  the  Root, 
was  three  Inches,  and  from  thence  it  rifes  gently  rapering,  the 
Top  being  no  thicker  than  a  fmall  Branch.  At  the  going  off 
of  each  Branch  there  is  a  confiderable  Nodus,  efpecially  near  the 
Top,  but  the  Joints  below  each  of  them  are  always  bigger  than 
thofe  above  them.  In  this  Plant  I  counted  eighteen  Pair  of 
Branches  5  the  longeft,  which  was  in  the  third  or  fourth  Row 
from  the  Ground,  meafuring  eighteen  Inches  in  Length,  and 
three  quarters  of  an  Inch  in  Circumference. 

The  Cortex  or  Bark  of  this  Plant  is  pretty  thick,  and  may  be 
plainly  difcern ’d  to  be  made  up  of  two  Parts,  cafed  over  one  an¬ 
other  5  the  outermoft  of  which  feems  to  me  to  fall  off  from  the 
Trunk  and  greater  Branches,  which  makes  the/e  appear  of  a  lighter 
Afli  Colour  than  the  reft  3  the  upper  Covering  of  the  Dark  being 
feveral  Degrees  darker  than  the  other. 

The  Wood  is  pliant  and  flexible,  of  a  much  whiter  Colour 
than  any  Part  of  the  Bark,  and  fpecifically  lighter  than  moft  other 
Trees.  This  becomes  the  more  remarkable,  becaufe  the  Pith  is 
but  of  a  very  moderate  Size. 

What  has  here  been  laid  about  the  Cortex  and  Wood  of  this 
Plant,  agrees  equally  to  the  Root  and  Trunk,  at  Ieaft  as  far  as  I 
have  hitherto  been  able  to  obferve. 

I  fhall  conclude  this  Account  with  the  following  Obfervations 
communicated  to  me  by  that  ingenious  Gardiner  Mr.  Philip  Miller, 
concerning  the  Coffee  Trees  which  were  lately  fent  from  Barhadoes 
to  His  Royal  Hignnefs  the  Prince.  The  Height  of  them  from 
the  Surface  of  the  Ground  was,  in  September  laft,  fifty  two  Inches. 
Each  Tree  hath  thirty  two  Branches,  which  come  out  by  Pairs, 
oppofite  to  each  other.  The  lowermoft  Branches  were  twenty 
five  Inches  long,  and  fo  decreafing  in  Length  to  the  uppermoft, 
which  was  three  Inches  longj  and  all  together  they  form  a  hand  fome 
Pvramid.  I  The 


(  3°  ) 

The  Stem  of  the  Tree  next  the  Surface  is  three  Inches  in 
Girt,  and  at  the  Top  an  Inch  and  three  quarters. 

The  Root  fpreads  nineteen  Inches  Diameter,  and  is  very  full  of 
fmall  Roots.  The  larger  Roots  were  of  a  dark  brown  Colour; 
but  the  Fibrillce  very  white,  and  pretty  tough  $  and  when  broken 
they  finell  very  like  Liquorice,  but  have  little  or  no  Tafte.  The 
whole  Root  is  fo  ramify ’d,  and  each  Ramification  fo  full  of  H- 
lrill<e,  that  it  looks  like  a  fhockey  Head  of  Hair ;  and  it  was  very 
difficult  to  clear  them  of  the  Earth. 


In  no  Author,  that  I  have  yet  met  with, 
is  there  fo  much  as  one  Word  about  the  Root 
of  the  Coffee  Plant.  Tomel  indeed  tells 
us  of  one  that  was  eaten  by  the  Rats,  near 
Tarts;  but  befides  that  this  Story  is  in  all 
Probability  falfe,  we  are  as  far  to  feek  a- 
bout  the  Defcription  of  this  Root  as  ever. 

Of  all  the  Europeans  who  have  travelled 
into  Arabia  Felix ,  where  the  young  Coffee 
Plants  are  every  where  tranfplanted  at  cer¬ 
tain  times  of  the  Year,  it  is  a  Wonder 
that  none  has  ever  had  the  Curiofity,  ei¬ 
ther  by  ocular  Infpeftion,  or  at  leaf!:  from 
the  A  cconnts  of  t-Kp  TnhaKir-jntc,  fr»  inform 
himfelf  what  kind  of  Roots  they  have. 
And  it  is  a  much  greater  Wonder  Bill,  that 
during  a  Courfe  of  fo  many  Years,  in  which 
there  have  been  Plants  fent  to  all  Places,  from 
the  Amfterdam  Garden,  that  no  BotaniB 
who  has  had  an  Opportunity  of  examining 
the  Roots,  has  ever  publifh’d  a  Defcription 
of  them. 

The  Trunk  and  Branches,  having  a 
nearer  Relation  to  the  Fruit,  and  being  dis¬ 
coverable  with  much  lefs  Trouble  than  the 
Root,  have  not  been  fo  much  negle&ed  by 
Authors. 

Alpinus  has  laid  nothing  in  particular  a- 
bout  either  of  thefe;  but  fuppofing  the  Fi¬ 
gure  he  has  given  us  of  a  Branch  to  be  in 
any  meafure  like  the  Plant  it  was  taken  from, 
we  may  infer  from  thence,  that  it  decreafes 
very  fenfibly  in  Bignefs,  as  it  removes  from 
the  Trunk,  till  at  Top  it  appears  to  be  not 
much  thicker  than  the  Foot  Stalks  of  the 
Leaves :  That  it  is  not  quite  firait,  but 
gently  bent  two  cdntrary  Ways  in  form  of 
an  Italian  f  ;  and  that  there  are  three  leffer 
Branches  arifing  from  it,  the  uppermoB  a- 
bout  the  Middle,  and  all  of  the  fame  Figure 
with  it. 

From  this  Time,  all  the  Way  down  to 
Monf.  Du  Four ,  we  meet  with  nothing  but 
repeated  Copies  of  Alpinus' s  Figure,  with¬ 
out  any  Defcription ;  and  even  this  Author 
has  only  told  us  that  the  Branches  are  fmall 
and  limber ;  referring  for  all  the', other  Parti¬ 
culars  about  them, as  well  as  about  theT runk, 


to  the  Figure  placed  at  the  Beginning  of 
his  Book  ;  which  is  only  a  good  Copy  of 
that  of  Alpinus. 

Sir  Hans  Sloane's  Figure  is  likewife  taken 
from  a  Branch,  and  differs  extremely  from 
all  that  ever  I  have  feen  in  the  Number  and 
Difpofition  of  the  fmaller  Twigs  that  arife 
from  it. 

About  the  Defcription  of  it,  the  Author 
tells  us  that  it  was  taken  from  a  Tree  feven 
or  eight  Foot  high ;  that  the  Branch  it  felf 
was  five  Foot  long,  and  cover’d  with  a  grey 
almoB  fmooth  Bark.  The  Wood  is  white, 
and  the  Pith  not  very  large.  The  Twigs 
are  cover’d  with  a  darker  colour’d  very 
fmooth  Bark,  and  arife  oppofite  to  one  an-' 
other  by  Pairs,  Banding  crofs  to  one  ano¬ 
ther,  coming  out  of  oppofite  Sides  of  the 
Branch,  or  the  two  Pairs  next  to  one  ano¬ 
ther,  cutting  each  other  at  right  Angles, 

The  Branch  from  whence  this  Defcrip¬ 
tion  is  taken,  was  dried ;  but  neverthelefs, 
he  fays,  it  will  every  way  agree  to  thofe  of 
a  growing  Tree;  Mr  .Clyves,  who  brought 
it  to  England,  having  inform’d  him  of  eve¬ 
ry  Particular  of  it. 

Monf.  De  JujJteu  tells  us,  that  in  the 
Year  1715,  the  Coffee  Tree  in  the  Royal 
Garden  at  Paris  was  about  five  foot  long, 
and  the  Trunk  as  thick  as  a  Man’s  Thumb. 
The  Branches  arife  at  certain  Diflances,  al¬ 
ways  in  Pairs  croffing  one  another :  They 
are  very  limber,  round,  knotted  and  cover’d, 
as  well  as  the  .Trunk,  with  a  very  thin 
white  Bark.  The  Wood  of  them  is  pret¬ 
ty  hard,  and  of  a  fweet  Tafte.  The  lower 
Branches  are  commonly  fimple,  and  arife 
more  horizontally  than  the  upper  ones,  in  - 
which  the  Trunk  ends,  and  which  are  fub- 
divided  into  leffer  Twigs  fpringing  from  the 
AU  of  the  Leaves  in  the  fame  Order. 

Valentini  refers  to  the  Count  Marftgli  for 
an  Account  of  this  Tree,  and  has  only  co¬ 
py ’d  one  of  the  Figures  of  that  Author. 

Monf.  La  Roque,  from  Informations  ta¬ 
ken  in  Arabia  Felix ,  informs  us  that  the 
Tree  which  bears  Coffee  is  from  fix  to  twelve 
Feet  in  Height,  and  from  ten  to  fifteen 

Inches 


(  31  ) 


Inches  in  Circumference..  When  in  Per¬ 
fection  it  looks  not  unlike  an  Apple  Tree 
eight  or  ten  Years  old.  In  an  aged  Tree 
the  lower  Branches  are  ordinarily  bent ;  and 
at  the  fame  time  they  fpread  themfelves  all 
round  the  T runk,  and  fo  form  a  Sort  of 
Umbrella.  The  Wood  is  very  tender,  and 
withal  fo  pliable,  that  the  Extremities  even 
of  the  higheft  Branches  may  be  brought 
within  a  Foot  or  two  of  the  Ground  with¬ 
out  breaking.  The  Bark  is  of  a  whitilh 
grey  Colour,  and  the  Surface  of  it  fome- 
what  uneven. 

Concerning  two  other  Trees  which  this 
Author  faw  in  the  Royal  Garden  at  Paris , 
he  obferves  that  one  of  them  was  only  a- 
bout  a  Foot  and  an  half  high ;  the  other, 
then  juft  arriv’d  from  Holland ,  was  about 
five  Feet  in  Length,  and  an  Inch  in  Diame¬ 
ter.  Little  Branches  arofe  all  along  the 
Stem,  and  taken  all  together  they  form’d 
almoft  the  Figure  of  a  Pyramid. 

Mr.  Bradley  has  been  at  Pains  to  examine 
and  delineate  the  Coffee  Trees  that  grew 
in  the  Amfterdam  Garden.  His  Figure, 


however,  is  only  that  of  a  Branch,  which 
he  tells  us  refembles  in  every  Point  that  he 
took  it  from,  except  only  the  Size,  which 
ought  to  be  one  third  bigger  to  make  it  e- 
qual  with  the  Life.  About  the  Trunk  or 
Branches  of  this  Tree  he  has  faid  nothing, 
further  than  that  it  is  of  a  very  quick 
Growth,  and  naturally  inclinable  to  lhoot 
upwards  j  that  in  its  native  Country  it  ge¬ 
nerally  attains,  as  is  reported,  the  Height 
of  forty  or  fifty  Feet,  altho’  the  Stem,  in 
the  thickeft  Part,  does  not  exceed  five  Inches 
in  Diameter.  He  adds.  That  in  the  Gar¬ 
den  of  Amflerdam  there  were  two  Coffee 
Trees  about  feventeen  Foot  high  when  he 
faw  them. 

As  this  exceffive  Height  afcribed  to 
the  Coffee  Trees  by  Mr.  Bradley ,  is  only 
upon  the  Teftimony  of  other  People,  it 
ought  to  be  of  no  Force  againft  the  Truth 
of  the  Memoirs  furnilh’d  to  Monf.  La 
Roque  upon  that  SubjeCfc ;  and  I  am  even 
afraid  Mr.  Bradley  did  not  accurately  mea- 
fure  thofe  he  faw  at  Amflerdam. 


CHAP.  VI. 

,t 

The  Leaves  of  the  Coffee  Plant. 

TH  E  Leaves  of  the  Coffee  Plant  terminate  both  Ways  in  a 
narrow  Point,  and  from  thence  are  expanded  on  both 
Sides  in  the  Figure  of  a  Curve  Line,  fo  as  that  the  broadefl  Part 
of  them  is  commonly  about  the  Middle  of  their  Length.  Their 
regular  Figure  is  to  have  this  Curve  Line  fimilar,  an  equal  Part 
of  the  Leaf  lying  on  both  Sides  the  Cojla  or  Rib.  They  are 
not  all,  however,  of  this  Shape,  and  the  Variations  from  it  con- 
fift  either  in  that  the  fame  Parts  of  the  Leaf  are  not  equally 
broad  on  each  Side  of  the  Cojla  ;  or  that  the  Extremities  of 
them  are  laterally  bent  or  incurvated  j  both  thefe  admitting  of 
many  different  Degrees. 

The  Length  of  the  largefl  Leaf  which  I  had  ever  an  Opportu¬ 
nity  of  meafuring  was  nearly  feven  Inches  5  the  greateft  Breadth 
two  Inches  and  three  quarters.  The  whole  Circumference  can  fel- 
dom  be  exa&ly  mealured  in  a  large  Leaf,  becaufe  the  Edges  are 
moft  commonly  undulated  3  but  as  near  as  I  can  guefs  from  the 
Largenefs  of  the  Undulations  of  the  Leaf  I  have  now  before 

2  me. 


(  32  ) 

me,  the  Circumference  of  it  is  between  feventeen  and  eighteen 
Inches. 

Thro’  the  Middle  of  each  Leaf  length  wife  runs  a  ftrong  Cojta 
or  Rib,  rifing  above  the  Surface  on  both  Sides,  but  moft  on  the 
lower  or  back  Side.  It  decreafes  in  Thicknefs  as  it  advances  to¬ 
wards  the  Extremity,  being  thickeft  near  the  Branch  to  which  it 
is  fixed  j  and  as  during  a  Email  Space  from  thence  the  Leaf  is  ex¬ 
tremely  narrow  on  both  Sides,  that  Part  has  been  taken  for  a  Pe- 
dunculus  or  Foot  Stalk  ;  and  in  the  Leaf  I  have  here  given  the 
Dimenfions  of,  it  is  about  half  an  Inch  in  Length. 

From  each  Side  of  the  Coda  arife  a  great  many  Fibres  of  dif¬ 
ferent  Sizes,  the  largeft  being  parallel  to  one  another,  and  inclin¬ 
ed  obliquely  towards  the  End  of  the  Leaf.  The  others  are  fpread 
irregularly  thro’  the  Pulp  of  the  Leaf  which  is  pretty  hard  and 
lolid,  tho’  not  very  thick. 

The  Surface  and  Edges  of  young  Leaves  are  fmooth  and  even,' 
except  where  Rifings  are  form’d  by  the  Cofta  and  large  Fibres* 
but  as  they  increafe,  the  Edges  become  commonly  pinched,  the 
reft  of  the  Leaf  undulated  or  wav’d  in  many  different  Manners, 
bending  likewife  fometimes  both  according  to  the  Length  and  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  Breadth. 

The  Leaves  while  frefh  are  all  pretty  much  of  the  fame  Colour, 
the  upper  Side  being  of  a  deep  graffy  green,  the  under  Side 
lighter  by  a  good  many  Degrees. 

Hitherto  we  have  confider'd  the  Leaves  by  themfelves,*  the  next 
Step  is  to  examine  them  on  the  Plant.  From  the  time  that  the 
Trunk  appears  above  Ground,  till  the  Branches  are  fhot  out. 
Leaves  grow  upon  it  in  the  fame  Order  as  the  Branches  do  after¬ 
wards.  In  a  young  Plant  only  feven  Inches  high,  I  counted  five 
Pair,  befides  the  feminal  ones,  and  the  largeft  of  them  was  four 
Inches  in  Length.  Thefe  feminal  Leaves  differ  from  the  reft  in 
Shape,  being  more  nearly  circular,  and  adhering  to  the  Stem  by 
the  Sides,  rather  than  by  one  End.  Some  Leaves  are  found  on 
the  Trunk,  even  after  the  Branches  are  out,  in  all  A^cs  of  the 
Tree,  and  they  grow  always  clofe  by  the  Root  of  a  Branch,  but 
without  being  pair’d  as  before. 

Two  very  tender  Leaves  are  always  found  at  the  Top  of  the 
Tiunk,  join  d  to  a  fmall  fhort  Foot  Stalk,  arifing  from  between 
the  Pair  immediately  below  them.  This  Foot  Stalk  increafes  and 
becomes  a  new  Joint  or  Internodium  of  the  Trunk ;  but  before  it 
-ias  gain  d  any  confiderable  Length  or  Strength,  anew  one  tip’d 
ui  Ji  other  two  Leaves  fhoots  out.  from  its  Top,  betwixt  the  two 
Leaves  placed  there.  In  this  manner  the  Tree  increafes  in 

z  Height,- 


(33) 

Height;  and  the  Growth  of  the  Branches  is  perform’d  in  the 
fame  manner. 

On  thefe  all  the  other  Leaves  are  to  be  found.  They  arife 
from  the  Nodi  already  mention’d  in  an  oppofite  Situation  to  one 
another 5  that  is,  one  on  each  Side;  but  they  are  all  in  the  fame 
Plain,  in  which  they  differ  from  thofe  of  the  Trunk;  and  in 
their  natural  Situation,  before  they  come  to  be  bent  and  diftorted, 
both  Edges  are  at  an  equal  Diftance  from  the  Horizon.  The 
Number^of  Leaves  on  each  Branch,  is,  I  believe,  pretty  nearly 
proportionable  to  the  Length  of  the  Branches.  On  one,  which 
meafured  eighteen  Inches,  there  were  fixteen  Pair  of  Leaves,  but 
the  Diftance  between  each  Pair  is  not  always  the  fame. 

The  Size  of  the  Leaves  on  the  fame  Branch  is  ftill  more  diffe¬ 
rent;  neither  are  the  largeft  always  neareft  the  Trunk,  but  indif¬ 
ferently  on  any  other  Part  of  the  Branch ;  and  it  is  certain  that 
all  of  them  do  not  arrive  at  the  fame  Dimenfions  before  they  de¬ 
cay.  The  firft  Sign  of  that  is  a  Change  of  the  Colour  from 
Green  to  a  light  Yellow  towards  the  Top  5  from  thence  it  fpreads 
over  the  whole  Leaf,  and  to  that  a  brownifh  Colour  fucceeds, 
but  not  till  that  Part  of  the  Leaf  where  it  is  found  is  quite  dry  d 
and  wafted.  The  Time  when  this  happens,  with  refped  to  eve¬ 
ry  (ingle  Leaf,  is  not  long  after  it  has  grown  to  its  full  Extent ; 
tho’  I  am  apt  to  think  that  their  being  fo  clofely  pent  up  in  Stoves 
may  contribute  fomething  to  the  Shortnefs  of  their  Duration ;  the 
Plant  it  felf,  neverthelefs,  is  undoubtedly  an  Ever- green ;  and  I 
believe  there  is  very  little  Difference  to  be  obferved  in  the  Num¬ 
ber  of  green  Leaves  in  any  Seafon  of  the  Year;  but  whether,  or 
in  what  time  young  ones  grow  out  from  the  fame  Nodus  from 
whence  the  old  ones  fell,  I  have  not  had  an  Opportunity  of  ob- 
ferving. 


r  - 

Alpims  has  only  obferv’d  about  the 
Leaves  of  this  Plant,  that  they  are  thicker, 
harder  and  greener  than  thoie  of  the  Euo- 
nymus,  and  that  they  remain  always  green 
(perpctuo  virentia )  :  This  laft,  as  we  have 
heard,  mull  be  meant  of  the  whole  Plant, 
not  of  any  lingle  Leaf.  In  his  Figure  the 
Shape  of  the  Leaves  is  very  ill  reprefented ; 
but  the  Manner  in  which  they  arife  from 
the  Branches  tolerably  well,  if  we  except 
the  eroding. 

Monf.  Du  Four  obferves  further,  That 
they  are  not  very  large,  but  pretty  thick, 
in  proportion  to  their  Extent ;  that  they  are 
intire,  or  without  Incifures;  and  that  in 
every  refpedt  they  are  very  much  like  thofe 
of  a  middling  Cherry  Tree.  He  takes 
Notice  likewife  that  this  Plant  is  an  Ever¬ 


green,  but  however  that  the  Leaves  decay 
and  fall  off  very  foon,  the  Fruit  remaining 
naked  and  expos’d  upon  the  Tree.  This 
Defcription  is  meant  of  the  Coffee  Leaves 
in  Arabia,  Felix ,  none  of  which  Monf.  Du 
Four  ever  faw,  and  therefore  the  Inaccuracy 
of  it  is  to  be  imputed  not  fo  much  to  him 
as  to  thofe  from  whom  he  had  his  Infor¬ 
mations. 

Sir  Ham  Sloane  is  the  firft  who  has  ex- 
prefs’d  the  Manner  in  which  thefe  Leaves 
arife  from  the  Branches ;  and  he  has  like¬ 
wife  added  feveral  new  Obfervations  about 
them.  ‘  After  the  fame  manner,  fays  he, 

<  ftand  the  Leaves  on  the  Twigs,  as  the 
t  Twigs  on  the  Branches,  at  fome  times  an 

<  Inch,  fometimes  two  Inches  Diftance, 

«  each  Pair  of  Leaves  from  the  other.  The 
“  ■  Leaves 


(34) 


»  Leaves  have  Inch  Foot  Stalks,  being 

*  about  four  Inches  long,  and  two  broad 

*  in  the  Middle  where  broadeft,  whence 

*  they  decreafe  to  both  Extremes  ending  in 
«  a  Point.  They  are  fmooth,  whole,  with- 
«  out  Incifures  on  their  Edges,  fomewhat 

*  like  the  Leaves  of  a  Bay.  ’  When  we 
confider  that  this  Author  had  only  the 
Leaves  of  one  dry’d  Branch  to  take  this 
Defcription  from,  it  muft  be  own’d  that 
he  has  examin’d  this  Part  of  it  with  great 
Accuracy ;  and  as  for  the  Comparifon  he 
makes  of  thefe  Leaves  to  thofe  of  a  Bay,  it 
is  at  leaffc  as  juft  as  any  that  have  hitherto 
been  pitch’d  upon  ;  efpecially  while  the 
Leaves  are  fmall  and  not  curled. 

Commelintis ,  and  after  him  Volkamerus  and 
others,  compare  thefe  Leaves  to  thofe  of 
the  Caftmea  or  Chefnut  Tree.  It  muft  be 
own’d,  that  from  a  tranfient  View  of  what 
the  Gardiners  call  the  Spanijb  ChefnutLeaves, 
one  would  be  apt  to  think  that  they  refem- 
bled  the  large  ones  of  our  Plant  very  much ; 
but  upon  a  more  ftrift  Examination,  I  find 
them  to  differ  extremely.  The  Chefnut 
Leaves  are  much  narrower  in  proportion  to 
their  Length  ;  the  large  Fibres  much  thic¬ 
ker  fet,  arifing  higher  on  the  backfide  of 
the  Leaf,  and  much  more  diftin&ly  conti¬ 
nued  to  the  Edges ;  the  Edges  are  pretty 
deeply  crenated,  and  the  Interftices  between 
the  Notches  end  in  ftrong  lharp  Prickles 
or  Thorns;  the  Undulations  are  not  near 
fo  large,  and  quite  otherwife  difpofed;  in 
fine,  tho’  this  does  not  relate  to  the  Make 
of  the  Leaf,  thofe  of  the  Chefnut  do  not 
arife  in  Pairs  from  the  Branches,  nor  in  the 
fame  Plain  with  one  another. 

Tonmefort  has  nothing  new  about  the 
Coffee  Leaves ;  *  They  arife,  fays  he,  in 
«  Pairs  oppos’d  to  one  another,  being  of 
c  an  oval  Figure,  but  ending  in  a  fmall 
*  Point. 

M.  Bradley  tells  us  that  the  Leaves  are  bi- 
compofite,  or  fet  in  crofs  Pairs  at  the  Joints, 
and  not  unlike  thofe  of  the  common  Bay, 
but  curled  at  the  Edges,  and  inclinable  to 
hang  down.  And  in  the  fecond  Edition 
he  inclines  rather  with  his  learned  Friend 
Mr .Pettiver,  to  think  the  Leaves  like  thofe 


of  the  Lauras  Vulgarll,  thaft  to  compare  it 
to  thofe  of  our  common  Chefnut;  but  in 
all  the  Editions  of  his  new  Improvements, 
even  thofe  publilh’d  fince  his  laft  Treatife 
of  Coffee,  he  inclines  to  the  common  Chefi 
nut  again. 

I  need  not  take  notice  of  the  Defe&ive- 
nefs  of  what  Mr.  Bradley  has  told  us  about 
this  Part  of  the  Plant ;  but  I  cannot  help 
remarking  his  Miftake  about  the  Situation 
of  the  Leaves  upon  the  Branches :  They 
are  never  fet  in  crofs  Pairs,  but  lie  all  in  the 
fame  Plain;  and  on  the  Trunk,  except  be¬ 
fore  the  Branches  fprout  out,  they  are  fel- 
dom  in  Pairs  at  all.  So  that  with  refpeft 
to  neither  of  thefe  will  Mr.  Bradley' s  Ac¬ 
count  of  the  Situation  of  the  Leaves  be 
found  to  hold. 

Monf.  De  JuJJieu's  Defcription  is  in 
thefe  Words :  ‘  Both  Sorts  of  Branches  are 

*  always  cover’d  with  Leaves,  intire  and 

*  without  Incifures  in  their  Circumference, 
‘  fmall  and  pointed  at  the  two  Ends,  op- 
c  pos’d  by  Pairs,  but  without  crofting  one 
‘  another  as  the  Branches  do,  and  arifing 

*  from  the  Nodi  of  thefe.  They  refemble 
c  very  much  the  Leaves  of  the  common 

*  Bay,  but  are  not  fo  dry  nor  thick,  tho’ 

*  larger  and  more  pointed ;  their  Extremi- 
£  ties  inclining  fometimes  a  little  to  one 
‘  Side.  The  upper  Surface  of  them  is  ofi 
£  a  lhining  Green,  the  lower  Side  of  a 

*  pale  Green ;  and  they  are  all  yellowilh  at 
‘  firft.  They  are  wav’d  or  curl’d  at  the 

*  Borders,  which  perhaps  is  owing  to  the 

*  Culture ;  and  there  is  nothing  aromatick 

*  nor  uncommon  in  their  Tafte.  The 

*  biggeft  of  them  is  about  three  Inches  in 
‘  Breadth,  and  four  or  five  in  Length, 

*  with  fhort  Foot  Stalks  join’d  to  them. 
Monf.  La  Roque  obferves,  ‘  that  thefe 

*  Leaves  are  very  like  thofe  of  the  Limoni 

*  Tree,  ( Citronier )  but  not  fo  much  point- 
‘  ed;  thinner,  and  of  a  darker  green  Co- 
‘  lour.  That  the  Branches  are  at  no  time 

*  altogether  ftrip’d  of  Leaves ;  that  they 

*  arife  moft  commonly  in  Pairs  from  the 

*  two  oppofite  Sides  of  the  Branches,  and 

*  all  in  the  fame  Plain,  at  fmall  Diftances 

*  from  one  another. 


CHAP. 


(  35  ) 


CHAP.  VII. 

The  Flower  of  the  Coffee  Plant. 

rTplHE  Flower  arifes  from  the  very  Middle  of  th q  Ala  folia- 
Jl  rum,  or  Jun&ure  of  the  Leaves  and  Branches,  by  a  fmall 
areen  Pedunculus ,  or  Foot  Stalk,  which  tho’  not  above  the  eighth 
Part  of  an  Inch  in  Length,  may  neverthelefs  be  plainly  perceiv’d 
not  to  run  in  the  lame  Plain  with  the  Branches,  but  to  be  a  lit¬ 
tle  inclin’d  upwards  j  and  for  that  Reafon  the  reft  of  the  Flower 
appears  to  be  fituated  not  fo  much  between  the  Leaf  and  Branch 
as  above  them  both. 

Round  the  Edges  of  the  upper  Extremity  of  the  Peduncuhs , 
arifes  the  Calix  or  Cup  of  the  Flower*  and  is  prefently  after  di¬ 
vided  into  four  or  five  fmall  Segments  j  two  of  which,  commonly 
larger  than  the  reft,  we  may  obferve  to  be  of  the  fame  Texture 
and  Shape  with  the  Leaves  of  the  Plant,  and  to  run  up  a  little 
way  upon  the  tubulous  Part  of  the  Petalum ,  at  a  little  Diftance 
from  it  j  for  this  Reafon,  and  alfo  becaufe  the  Foot  Stalk  being 
(o  very  fliort,  it  is  not  always  eafy  to  diftinguifh  whether  thefe 
Segments  arife  from  it,  or  immediately  from  the  Al<e$  they  mighc 
equally  be  fuppos’d  to  be  the  Beginnings  of  new  Leaves  fpring- 
ing  out  with  the  Flower,  only  that  they  decay  foon  after  it,  leav¬ 
ing  the  Fruit  naked.  This  evidently  proves  that  they  are  all  of 
the  Nature  of  a  Calix,  the  Ufe  of  which  is  to  ferve  firft  for  a 
Periantbium,  before  the  Flower  is  quite  blown,  and  afterwards  to 
defend  the  tender  Ovarium. 

OVARIUM. 

This  Ovarium ,  or  Seed  Veffel,  is  fix’d  to  the  upper  Extremity 
of  the  Pedunculus  within  the  Calix  *  and  confider’d  in  this  State, 
that  is,  as  making  a  Part  of  the  Flower,  it  is  only  a  fmall  green 
Globule,  in  which  nothing  farther  can  with  Certainty  be  diftin- 
guifh’d,  till  after  the  Decay  of  the  Flower.  Then  it  begins  to 
(well,  and  by  degrees  advances  to  a  perfed  Maturity,  as  we 
fhall  fee  in  defcribing  the  Coffee  Fruit. 

3 


PETALUM. 


(  36  ) 


\ 


P  E  T  A  L  U  M. 


From  the  Top  of  the  Seed  Veffel  fprings  the  Pet  alum  of  this 
Flower,  by  a  tubulous  Beginning,  but  it  is  afterwards  parted  mod 
commonly  into  five  Segments,  fometimes  into  four  or  three  only. 
The  lower  or  tubulated  Part  is  exadly  in  the  Shape  of  the  Neck 
of  a  common  Funnel,  being  narrower  at  Bottom  than  at  Top  j 
and  the  Length  of  it  is  between  a  quarter  and  three  eighth  Parts 
of  an  Inch.  The  Segments  do  not  run  up  from  it  in  a  ftrait 
Line,  but  go  off  almofl:  at  right  Angles,  and  fo  form  rather  a 
Pi  feus ,  than  the  upper  Part  of  an  Infundibulum ,  in  the  Senfe  af- 
figned  to  thefe  Terms  by  Tournefort.  They  are  all  pretty  much 
of  an  equal  Length  in  the  fame  Flower,  being  commonly  about 
half  an  Inch.  Neither  do  they  differ  any  other  ways  in  Figure, 
lave  only  that  fome  of  them  continue  of  an  equal  Breadth  thro’ 
their  whole  Length,  others  begin,  a  little  way  from  their  Extre¬ 
mity,  to  contrad  by  degrees.  The  Colour  of  both  Parts  and 
both  Sides  of  the  Pet  alum  is  the  fame,  a  very  pure  white  ;  which 
however  I  have  fometimes  obferv’d  to  be  brighter  in  the  Segments 
than  in  the  Tubulus. 


STAMINA. 

The  Stamina  arife  from  the  Inflde  of  the  lower  Part  of  the  Pc~ 
talum,  always  equal  in  Number  to  the  Segments  thereof,  of  a 
white  Colour,  and  a  very  fmall  Size.  Before  they  reach  as  high 
as  the  Origin  of  the  Segments,  they  ceafe  to  adhere  to  the  Tubu¬ 
lus,  and  run  up  a  little  way  above  it,  being,  as  far  as  they  are 
diftindly  vifible,  never  above  three  eighth  Parts  of  an  Inch  in 
Length. 


APICES. 


To  each  of  the  Stamina  is  join’d  an  Apex  or  Pendant,  fome- 
thing  longer  than  they  are,  and  of  a  very  different  Figure.  I 
know  nothing  they  can  be  fo  juftly  compar’d  to  as  the  Claws  of 
fome  fmall  Birds 3  for  they  are  crooked  or  bent  fulcated  on  the 
concave  Side,  and  bigger  at  Bottom  than  at  Top.  In  this  Sulcus 
the  Stamina  are  fix’d,  a  little  above  the  lower  Extremity  3  fo  that 
thefe  and  the  Apices  have  an  oblique  Situation,  with  refped  to 
one  another.  All  the  convex  Side  of  the  Apices  is  of  a  whitifh 
yellow  Colour,  the  concave  Side  of  a  dark  brown. 

5 


STYLUS. 


(  37  ). 


S  T  T  LU  s. 


The  Stylus  is  a  long  (trait  (mall  white  Tube,  fpringing  from 
the  Middle  of  the  upper  Side  of  the  Ovarium  within  the  Petalum, 
thro’  the  hollow  Part  of  which  it  afcends  in  the  very  Center  of 
the  Stamina  and  apices.  In  this  manner  it  runs  up  for  near  an 
Inch,  and  then  the  upper  Extremity  of  it  divides,  and  the  two 
Portions  of  about  a  quarter  of  an  Inch  or  fometimes  more  in 
Length,  either  both  fall  back  in  Form  of  a  circular  Arch  or  Hook, 
in  an  oppoflte  Situation  to  one  another,  or  one  of  them  only 5 
the  other  remaining  ftrait,  and  then  the  whole  appears  not  un¬ 
like  a  Water-man’s  Boat-hook. 

Such  is  the  Stru&ure  of  a  perfedt  Coffee  Flower.  The  Pro- 
grefs  of  it  comes  next  to  be  examin’d,  from  the  time  of  its  firffc 
Appearance,  wholly  inclos’d  in  the  Calix  or  Perianthium ,  till  it 
totally  wafts  and  decays.  It  is  hardly  ever  diftin&ly  vifible  till 
having  broke  thro’  that  Cafe,  it  (hews  it  felf  in  the  Shape  of  a 
white  round  BlofTom,  the  whole  Flower  being  then  wrapt  up  in 
that  Manner.  As  it  begins  to  unfold,  the  firft  thing  we  begin 
to  difcover  further,  is  the  forked  Extremity  of  the  Stylus ,  and 
the  Explication  of  the  whole  Flower  follows  foon  after,  there 
being  feldom  above  twenty  four  Hours  between  that  and  the  Ap¬ 
pearance  of  the  white  Bloflom  :  The  Decay  of  it  comes  on  as 
faftj  its  Prime  rarely  out-lafting  the  Space  of  one  Day.  It  con¬ 
tinues  for  fome  time  longer  in  a  fading  State,  the  Petalum  turn¬ 
ing  infenfbly  brown  j  and  afterwards  this  and  all  the  other  Parts 
of  the  Flower  foon  vanifli  and  die. 

We  (hall  hear  from  Monf.  La  P.oque  what  are  the  flowering  Sea* 
(ons  of  this  Plant  in  Arabia  Felix.  I  have  never  (een  it  flower 
here  in  England  at  any  other  time  than  between  the  End  of  June 
and  Middle  of  Augujl  5  tho’  I  doubt  not  but  that  fome  may  ap  * 
pear  after  that  Month  is  pad. 


Mr.  Ray  very  juftly  complains  that  no 
Author  had  given  any  Account  of  the 
Flower  of  this  Plant,  at  the  time  when  he 
wrote ;  and  Languid  even  after  the  Plant 
it  felf  had  found  its  way  to  Europe ,  re¬ 
peats  the  fame  Complaint,  and  had  equal 
ReTon  for  it  ;  for  till  after  his  Lettiones 
■ Atateri a  Medic#  was  publish'd,  I  do  not 
find  fo  much  as  one  Obfervation  about  this 
Flower,  except  one  mention’d  by  Strufius , 
from  an  Arabian  Phyfician,  namely,  that 
it  is  white. 

The  firft  Defcriptionswe  have  of  it  were 


taken  from  the  Plants  in  the  Amfierdam 
Garden;  and  all  Authors  who  have  men¬ 
tion’d  it  agree  that  it  is  very  much  akin  to 
the  Flower  of  the  Jelfamin.  From  hence 
ComtnelinHS  deriv’d  its  Name;  and  he  has 
likewife  taken  Notice  of  the  Colour  and 
Smell  of  th  t  Pet  ala. 

That  this  Flower  refembles  that  of  the 
Jeflamin,  as  much  or  more  than  any  other, 
may  be  very  true;  but  ftill  there  is  a  vaft 
Disparity  between  them.  In  the  Jeflamin 
Flower  the  Pedunculus  is  twenty  times 
longer,  the  united  Part  of  the  Calix  much 
L  larger. 


(  3*  ) 


larger,  and  the  Segments  only  fmall  Fila¬ 
ments  or  Lacinia;  the  Seed  Veffel  is  quite 
of  a  different  Structure  ;  the  tubulated 
Part  of  the  Flower  bears  a  much  greater 
Proportion  to  the  Segments  in  Length,  and 
the  Colour  of  it  is  rather  green  than  white ; 
the  Segments  are  differently  fhap’d,  and 
'  the'Number  of  them  much  more  various 
and  uncertain.  In  fine,  the  Stamina,  A- 
pices  and  Stylus  have  almoft  nothing  in  com¬ 
mon  in  the  two  Flowers,  fave  only  that 
they  are  defign’d  for  the  fame  Ends. 

Volkamems  had  an  Opportunity  of  exa¬ 
mining  this  Flower  in  Germany,  and  he  has 
obferv’d  about  it,  That  it  is  of  the  perfefl 
Kind  ;  (fin  Oppofition,  I  fuppofe,  to  thole 
which  Botanifts  term  ftamineous  Flowers, 
called  by  M.  Vaillant  incomplete,  or  im¬ 
perfect;)  that  it  is  extremely  beautiful, 
and  of  a  ftrong  and  agreeable  Smell ;  that 
it  is  of  the  monopetalous  Kind,  arifing  by 
a  long  Tube,  and  afterwards  parted  into 
five  Segments  ;  of  a  white  Colour,  and 
very  large.  Upon  all  which  Accounts, 
and  others  likewife  taken  from  the  Fruit, 
he  concludes  that  Commelinus  was  very 
much  in  the  right  to  make  it  a  Species 
of  Jeffamin. 

Thefe  Obfervations  relate  only  to  the 
Pcta'um ;  but  Mr.  Bradley,  who  knew  ve¬ 
ry  well  that  the  other  Parts  of  which 
Flowers  confifl:  are  in  a  philofophical  Senfe 
the  mod  effential  Parts  of  them,  has  not 
buffer'd  thefe  to  pafs  unregarded.  ‘  The 
‘  Flowers,  fays  he,  put  forth  in  Clufters 
«  at  the  Joints,  towards  the  Extremities  of 

<  the  Branches,  and  are  in  Figure,  Size  and 
‘  Colour,  the  fame  with  thofe  of  thecom- 
‘  mon  Jeffamin,  with  the  Addition  only 

<  of  five  yellow  Apices,  which  hang  loofely 
‘  on  the  Top  of  the  Flower,  and  a  Style 

<  which  projeds  near  half  an  Inch  above 

<  it.  The  Smell  of  the  Flower,  he  adds, 

<  is  faint,  and  not  worth  our  Notice. 


In  his  other  Writings,  he  fiilj  infills  up¬ 
on  the  Likenefs  of  this  Flower  toTKe  Jef¬ 
famin  ;  and  in  the  latefl  of  them  he  tells 
us,  *  that  every  Day  confirms  him  more  and 

*  more  that  the  Coffee  Plant  is  of  this  Tribe. 
About  the  Time  of  flowering  he  has 

likewife  obferv’d,  that  in  the  Amjlerdam 
Garden  it  begins  in  July,  and  lafts  tillOc- 
tober. 

Monf.  De  JuJJieu  defcribes  the  Flowers 
in  this  Manner:  ‘  From  the  AU  of  moft 
‘  of  the  Leaves  ar.fe  the  Flowers,  fome- 
‘  times  five  in  Number,  with  fhort  Foot- 
‘  Stalks.  They  are  all  white,  of  one  Piece, 
<  and  of  equal  Bignefs,  very  much  like 
‘  to  thofe  of  iheSpaniJh  Jeffamin,  only  that 
‘  the  T ube  is  fhoi  ter,  and  the  Segments 

*  not  fo  broad;  the  Stamina  five  in  Num- 
‘  ber,  whereas  our  Jeffamins  have  but  two. 
«  Thefe  Stamina  rife  above  the  tubulous 
c  Part  of  the  Flower,  and  furround  a  forked 
‘  Stylus  fi tuated  upon  the  Embrio  of  the 

*  Fruit  or  Pijlillnm,  which  lies  within  the 
‘  Calix.  The  Calix  is  green,  divided  into 

*  four  pointed  Segments,  the  oppofite  Pairs 

*  of  which  are  unequal  in  Size.  Thefe 
‘  Flowers  have  a  very  pleafant  Smell,  but 
‘  are  of  very  fliort  Duration. 

La  Rocync,  very  much  to  the  fame  Pur- 
pofe,  acquaints  us  that  ‘  the  Flowers  are 

*  white,  very  like  the  Jeffamin,  confifting 
‘  of  five  little  fhort  Leaves  ( feuilles )  their 
‘  Smell  is  very  agreeable,  with  fomething 
‘  balfamick  in  it;  but  theTafte  is  bitter. 

*  They  arifefrom  the  Place  where  the  Foot- 
‘  Stalks  of  the  Leaves  are  joined  to  the 
‘  Branches. 

‘  In  almofl:  all  Seafons  of  the  Year, 
continues  this  Author,  *  there  are  Trees 
{  to  be  feen  in  Flower  in  Arabia;  but  in 
‘  that  Plant  which  he  faw  at  Paris,  fome  of 
‘  the  Flowers  were  in  blofTom  only,  others 
‘  perfectly  blown  in  the  beginning  of  Sep* 
‘  tember. 


CHAP. 


\ 


(  39  ) 


CHAP.  VIII. 

The  Coffee  Fruit. 

TO  the  Flowers  of  the  Coffee  Plant,  fucceeds  the  Fruit ; 

which,  as  it  is  the  only  Part  of  the  Plant  that  is  ufed,  will 
require  to  be  treated  at  more  Length  than  the  reft.  In  order  to 
do  this  with  the  greater  Clearnefs,  I  have  thought  it  convenient 
to  throw  all  that  I  have  to  fay  upon  this  Subjed  into  three  di- 
ftind  Articles  5  in  the  firft  of  which  I  fliall  examine  the  whole 
outward  Appearance  and  Coverings  of  the  Fruity  in  the  fecond, 
the  Nuclei  or  Kernels  which  thefe  Coverings  inclofej  and  in  the 
third,  the  feminal  Plant,  or  true  Seed :  And  under  each  of  thefe 
Heads  I  fliall  fubjoin  fuch  a  Part  of  the  hiftorical  Remarks  about 
the  whole  Fruit,  as  belongs  to  what  is  there  treated.  I  fhould 
willingly  have  added  a  fourth  Article,  no  lefs  curious  and  enter¬ 
taining  than  the  reft,  concerning  the  Progrefs  of  the  Fruit  from 
the  Time  that  the  Flower  decays,  and  the  Vafculum  feminale  be¬ 
gins  to  fwell,  till  it  arrives  at  a  State  of  perfed  Maturity,  in 
which  I  here  confider  it  •  but  in  order  to  do  that  with  all  the  Ac¬ 
curacy  that  is  neceftary,  I  muft  have  deftroy’d  a  great  many 
more  frefli  Berries  than  I  could  poftibly  obtain  in  this  Place.  I  have 
been  obliged  therefore  to  content  my  felf  with  remarking  the 
Changes  that  may  be  perceiv’d  while  the  Fruit  remains  upon  the 
Tree;  and  as  thefe  only  regard  the  Size  and  Colour  of  the  Peri ~ 
carpium  or  Coverings  of  the  frefli  Fruit,  I  have  fet  them  down 
in  the  Article  which  is  deftin’d  for  thefe. 

ART.  I. 

The  Coverings  of  the  Coffee  Fruit. 

IN  a  frefh  Berry  thefe  Coverings  may  in  a  proper  Senfe  be 
term’d  the  Pericarpium  of  the  Fruit  $  and  therefore  all  that  re¬ 
lates  to  the  outward  Appearance  thereof  can  only  be  taken  from 
this.  The  Situation  of  the  Fruit  upon  the  Trees,  is  the  fame 
witl}  that  of  the  Flower,  to  which  it  fucceeds  5  only  the  Foot- 
Stalk  flioots  out  by  degrees  to  a  greater  Length,  being,  when  the 
Fruit  is  ripe,  above  a  quarter  of  an  Inch  long,  its  green  Colour 
ftill continuing. 

O 


The 


(  4°  ) 

The  Colour  of  the  Fruit  it  felf  is  at  firft  green,  which  as  it 
advances  in  Age  and  Size  gradually  changes,  hrft  to  a  red,  and 
then  paffing  from  one  degree  of  that  Colour  to  another,  becomes 
very  dark  by  the  time  that  the  Fruit  is  ripe.  In  all  States  it  is 
of  an  oval  or  fpheroidical  Figure,  not  unlike  the  Cornelian  Cherry  • 
and  I  never  found  the  longed;  Diameter  of  it  to  meafure  much 
above  half  an  Inch  ;  nor  the  greateft  Circumference  above  an 
Inch  and  an  half.  The  tranfverfe  Diameter  in  thefe  fame  Berries 
was  about  (even  dxteenth  Parts  of  an  Inch  >  and  the  Circumfe¬ 
rence  that  way  an  Inch  and  three  eighth  Parts.  The  Weight  of 
the  whole  about  eight  Grains. 

The  Pulp  and  Infide  of  the  Pericardium  is  of  a  light  red  Co¬ 
lour,  but  this  lad;  is  variegated  with  many  Streaks  of  white;  even 
when  the  Fruit  is  come  to  Maturity  ;  this  Covering  is  not  very 
thick,  and  there  appear  no  Signs  then  of  its  being  lined  with 
any  inner  Membrane ;  the  Septum  by  which  the  two  Kernels  are 
parted,  is  dill  mucilaginous 5  and  both  of  them  are  cover’d  with 
a  thick  Subdance,  of  the  fame  Kind  out  of  which  the  firffc  of 
the  proper  Coats  is  probably  form’d  by  drying ;  the  fecond  beino- 
vifible  already. 

Thefe  few  Remarks  concerning  the  Size,  Appearance  and 
Subfiance  of  the  Pericarpium}  are  all  which  it  is  necedary  to  make 
about  the  frefh  Fruit,  as  diftinguifh’d  from  the  dry’d  Berries.  We 
fhall  fee  in  another  Place  in  what  manner  this  is  perform’d  ;  and 
as  the  chief  Defign  of  it  is  that  the  Husks  and  Kernels  may  after¬ 
wards  be  eafily  feparated ;  it  is  not  often  that  we  meet  with  many 
dry’d  Berries  intire  in  thefe  Parts.  I  have  however  been  at  Pains 
to  pick  out  a  confiderable  Quantity  from  Bales  of  raw  Coffee  at 
the  Drugders,  and  fome  of  them  I  found  to  contain  two  perfeft 
Kernels  in  one  common  Husk,  others  one  only*  I  fay  perfedt 
Kernels,  becaufe  even  in  thofe  that  are  fingle,  there  are  mofl  com¬ 
monly,  if  not  always,  fome  Remains  of  the  abortive  Kernel  ly¬ 
ing  like  a  Clypeus  or  Target  upon  the  other,  as  fhall  be  explain’d 
more  particularly  afterwards.  I  have  always  obferv’d,  that  the 
Number  of  fuch  entire  fingle  Berries  in  each  Bale  exceeded  the 
double  ones  3  at  a  Medium  of  all  the  Tryals  I  made,  the  Propor¬ 
tion  of  them  was  nearly  as  feven  to  one.  The  Reafon  why  we 
have  any  entire  Berries  at  all  imported  can  be  no  other  than  that 
they  are  fmaller  than  the  red,  and  fo  efcape  the  Roller  which  the 
Arabians  make  Ufe  of  to  take  off  the  Husks;  and  as  there  are 
fewer  double  Berries  of  that  fmall  Size  than  fingle  ones,  a  greater 
Number  of  thefe  mud;  remain  with  the  Husks  on. 


Thefe 


(  4r  ) 

Thefe  two  Sorts  of  Berries  differ  from  one  another  in  Figure 3 
neither  are  all  of  each  Kind  entirely  alike.  The  fingle  ones  are 
moftly  of  an  oblong  oval  Figure,  except  where  the  Prominence 
form’d  by  the  abortive  Kernel  makes  a  fmall  Variation  $  the  others, 
efpecially  the  fmaller  Sort,  are  more  nearly  round,  with  a  fenfi- 
ble  Depreffure  on  both  Sides,  running  from  the  Foot  Stalk  to 
the  other  End 3  and  by  thefe  Marks  it  may  be  eafily  known  whe¬ 
ther  a  Berry  be  fingle  or  double,  without  taking  off  the  Husk. 

The  Length  of  the  fingle  Berries  1  have  always  found  between 
half  an  Inch  and  a  quarter  3  the  tranfverfe  Circumference  from  an 
Inch  to  five  eighth  Parts^  and  the  Weight  from  five  Grains  to 
one.  The  double  ones  meafur’d  from  three  eighth  Parts  to  a 
quarter  of  an  Inch  in  Length  5  from  an  Inch  and  one  eighth 
Part  to  fomething  lefs  than  an  Inch  in  Circumference  5  and  weigh  d 
from  four  Grains  to  feven  eighth  Parts  of  one  Grain  3  and  by 
thefe  Dimenfions  it  appears  that  the  double  Berries  may  as  eafi.y 
mifs  the  Roller  as  the  fingle  ones. 

From  this  general  View  of  the  intire  dry  d  Berries,  I  go  on 
to  the  Coverings  in  particular.  Thefe  are  always  three  in  Num¬ 
ber  3  one  common  to  both  Kernels,  and  two  proper  to  each  of 
them.  The  common  and  outermofl  Covering  is  only  the  Peri - 
carpium  dry’d  5  and  in  fbme  Berries  it  is  very  much  ihrivell  d, 
wrinkly,  uneven,  and  as  it  were  furrow  d,  being  of  a  blackifh  or 
dark  brown  Colour.  In  others,  efpecially  the  double  Berries,  it 
is  fmoother,  and  of  a  lighter  fhining  brown. 

The  upper  Extremity  of  this  Covering,  or  that  which  is  op- 
pofite  to  the  Foot  Stalk,  terminates  in  an  Umhilious,  as  it  is  call’d 
by  Monf.  Ve  Jujfieu ,  which  looks  as  if  a  circular  Imprefhon  had 
been  made  upon  it,  with  a  pretty  deep  Hole  in  the  Center  there¬ 
of,-  this  Circle  is  nothing  but  the  Veftige  of  the  tubulous  Part 
of  the  Flower  ftill  remaining,  as  the  Hole  is  of.  the  Stylus  3  for 
upon  that  Part  of  the  Ovarium  they  both  flood. 

Upon  boiling,  or  long  fleeping  in  Water,  this  Coat  becomes 
fo  loft  that  it  may  eafily  be  fcrap’d  off  5  but  if  macerated  only  a 
little  it  grows  thick,  and  may  be  taken  off  without  being  deflroy  a, 
if  cut  in  two  equal  Parts  3  and  by  fo  doing  I  have  obfcrved,  that 
in  many  Berries  it  is  considerably  thicker  near  the  Umoilicu> ,  than 
in  any  other  Part. 

This  Involucrum  is  always  niulticapfular,  being  divided  moil 
commonly  into  two  Cells  or  Loculamenta,  as  Botanifls  exprcls  it 5 
and  fometimes,  tho’  very  rarely,  into  three.  The  Septum  or  Par¬ 
tition  by  which  thefe  Cells  are  form  d,  may  here  be  very  diflinblly 
perceiv’d  to  be  a  thin  fine  Membrane,  of  a  different  Subfiance 
r  M  from 


(  42  ) 

from  the  outer  Coat,  and  dividing  the  Cavity  of  it  into  two  equal 
Parts,  in  each  of  which  is  lodged  one  Kernel,  involv’d  in  its  two 
proper  Coverings.  Thro’  the  Middle  of  it,  lengthways,  runs  a 
Branch  or  Fafciculus  of  ligneous  Fibres,  continued  probably  from 
the  Foot  Stalk,  and  ferving  to  convey  Nourilhment  to  the  tender 
Foetus.  In  examining  the  outer  Coverings  of  fome  Berries,  I 
have  been  often  inclined  to  believe  that  the  whole  Cavity  of  them 
was  lined  with  an  inner  Membrane,  really  didind  from  the  pulpy 
Part  of  the  Coat ;  and  perhaps  this  Septum  may  be  only  a  Pro¬ 
duction  or  Elongation  thereof,  continued  on  both  Sides  to  the 
Fafciculus  of  Fibres  already  mention’d  :  But  whatever  Way  it  be 
form’d,  as  it  adheres  infeparably  to  thefe  Fibres  it  has  all  the  Pro¬ 
perties  of  a  true  Partition,  and  therefore  the  Seed  Veffel  it  felf  is 
certainly  multicapfular.  In  thofe  I  have  for  Didindion’s  fake 
call’d  fingle  Berries,  this  Septum  is  Hill  to  be  feen  between  the  a- 
bortive  Kernel  and  the  other  ;  but  then  it  no  longer  occupies  the 
Middle  of  the  Cavity,  but  is  thrud  out  of  its  Place,  and  by 
that  means  very  much  impair’d. 

The  fecond  Covering,  or  firffc  of  the  proper  Coats,  may  be 
truly  reckon’d  a  Cortex  or  Shell,  being  very  drong  and  hard,  but 
withal  very  brittle;  and,  if  I  midake  not,  the  Confidence  of  it 
mud  be  in  a  great  meafure  owing  to  the  drying  of  the  Berries, 
for  in  all  the  freih  Berries  I  ever  had  an  Opportunity  of  exa¬ 
mining,  it  was  foft  and  mucilaginous.  I  am  lurprized  that  they 
who  contend  that  the  Coffee  Fruit  is  of  the  Nut  Kind,  as  didin- 
guiih’d  from  a  Berry,  have  not  made  ufe  of  this  Coat  to  prove 
it.  The  Difficulty  it  felf  is  indeed  a  meer  triding  about  Words* 
the  Signification  of  thefe  Terms  Nut  and  Berry ,  being,  as  far  as  I 
can  find,  hitherto  unfettled  among  Botanids. 

Since  this  is  a  proper  Coat,  it  mud  either  be  continued  over 
the  Sulcus  or  Rima  in  each  Kernel,  or  terminate  at  both  Sides, 
fomewhere  on  the  Edges  of  it.  Which  of  thefe  is  true  in  fad, 

I  cannot  with  Certainty  determine 5  I  am  apt  to  imagine  the  lad* 
and  that  therefore  by  means  of  this  Sulcus ,  the  Fibres  in  the  Sep¬ 
tan  always  placed  oppofite  to  it,  may  have  fome  Communication 
with  the  Kernel  it  felf,  or  at  lead  with  the  inner  Covering 
of  it. 

The  Colour  of  this  fecond  or  cortical  Coat,  is  modly  that  of  a 
Limon,  only  a  little  more  inclined  to  red,  and  the  Figure  of  ic 
always  the  fame  with  the  Kernel  it  inclofes. 

The  third  or  innermod  Covering,  which  becaufe  of  its  Colour 
may  be  call’d  the  Silver  Coat,  is  made  up  of  a  very  fine  thin 
Membrane,  furrounding  not  only  the  outfide  of  the  Kernel,  but 

alfo 


(  43  } 

alfo  the  Procefs  which  lies  in  the  Cavity  of  it,  as  /hall  be  preftntly 
{hewn.  The  two  Sides  of  it  enter  the  Sulcus  of  the  Kernel,  and 
there  jointly  form  a  double  Lamina,  which  is  from  thence  conti¬ 
nued  quite  over  the  Procefs  $  and  to  that,  as  well  as  to  the  reft 
of  the  Kernel,  this  Coat  adheres  very  clofe.  I  have  never  been 
able  to  diftinguilh  either  of  theft  Coats  in  an  abortive  Kernel. 


The  moft  ancient  Author  by  whom  I 
find  the  Coffee  Fruit  mention’d,  is  RauwoL 
fins,  who  was  in  the  Levant  in  1573,  and 
he  has  obferv’d,  that  both  inBignefs,  Shape 
and  Colour,  it  is  like  the  Bay  Berry.  It 
is  the  dry’d  Fruit  Rauwolfius  here  talks  of, 
and  the  Comparifon  he  makes  of  thefe  to 
the  Bay  Berries,  is  not  much  amifs,  only 
thefe  laft  are  commonly  larger  than  the  en¬ 
tire  Coffee  Berries  we  meet  with  in  thefe 
Parts.  He  adds,  that  the  Fruit  is  furround- 
ed  by  two  thin  Shells,  which  contain  two 
Grains  in  two  diftindt  Cells.  Thefe  two 
Shells  are  probably  the  common  and  firft  of 
the  outer  Coats ;  which  are  all  that  have 
been  taken  Notice  of  by  any  Writer  fince 
his  Time.  What  he  has  faid  about  the 
two  Cells  is  very  indiftinfi,  and  yet  it  is 
more  than  has  been  faid  by  any  Body 
fince. 

Next  to  Rauwolfius ,  is  Projper  Alpinus, 
tyho  was  in  Egypt  in  1580  5  what  he  has 
laid  about  the  Coffee  Fruit  is  but  very  lit¬ 
tle,  neither  is  it  certain  whether  he  means 
the  entire  Berry,  or  the  Kernel  only. 

Clufus  has  obferved  upon  this  Subjeft, 
that  the  Coffee  Fruit  is  fmall,  yet  fomething 
bigger  and  itore  oblong  than  that  of  the 
p agar a,  with  a  kind  of  Sulcus  running  length- 
wife  on  both  Sides  of  it,  being  cover’d  with 
a  thin  Cortex  of  a  dark  afh  Colour. 

Gerrard  has  done  nothing  but  copy  Clu - 
fins' s  Figures,  which  he  has  placed  by  Mif- 
take  among  the  Indian  Fruits ;  and  John- 
Jon ,  in  his  Editions,  has  added  Clufus's 
Text  to  his  Figures. 

J.  R.  tells  us  that  this  Fruit  is  hardly 
bigger  than  the  Seeds  of  the  Ricinus,  of 
the  Shape  of  an  Olive,  with  a  Sulcus  or 
Lacuna ,  fometimes  on  one  Side,  fometimes 
on  both.  By  this  laft  can  only  be  under- 
flood,  that  the  Depreffure  is  not  always 
alike  perceivable  on  both  Sides  of  the  Fruit. 
This  Author  has  likewife  taken  notice  that 
the  Fruit  confifts  of  two  Shells,  whereof 
the  outermoft  is  thick  and  black ;  the  other 
thin,  and  red  on  that  Side  which  lies  next 
the  Kernel,  on  the  upper  Side  of  an  afli 
Colour. 

Petrus  de  la  Valle  fays  only,  that  the 
Grains  of  which  Coffee  is  made  are  of  an 
oval  Figure,  and  about  the  Bignefs  of  a 


fmall  Olive.  And  Olearius  compares  the 
Size  of  it  to  that  of  a  fmall  Bean. 

Vejlingius  informs  us  of  the  Difference 
he  had  obferv’d  in  Egypt  between  the  Tafte 
of  the  Coverings  ana  that  of  the  Kernel. 
The  firft,  he  fays,  is  in  fome  Degree  acid, 
the  other  very  fenfibly  bitter.  ThisDiftinc- 
tion  we  need  not  be  very  follicitous  about, 
for  in  however  great  Requeft  the  Shells 
may  be  in  Arabia  Felix,  and  the  Countries 
which  lie  near  it,  on  account  of  the  Li¬ 
quor  there  made  of  them,  call’d  by  way 
of  Excellency,  Cafe  a  la  Sultane ;  yet  but 
a  fmall  Quantity  of  them  ever  comes  into 
Europe,  and  before  they  get  hither  they 
have  pretty  much  loft  their  Tafte,  and  eve¬ 
ry  other  fenfible  Quality  that  is  worth 
minding  about  them. 

According  to  Parkinjbn,  the  Coffee  Fruit 
is  fomewhat  bigger  than  a  hazel  Nut,  and 
longer,  round  alfo  and  pointed  at  one  End, 
furrow’d  alfo  on  both  Sides,  yet  on  one 
Side  more  confpicuoufiy  than  on  the  other. 
He  tells  us  likewife,  that  the  outer  Coat  is 
a  thin  Shell  of  a  darkifh  afh  Colour,  and 
the  other  he  calls  a  yellowifn  Skin.  All 
this  fhews  plainly  enough  that  Parlfnfon 
had  feen  the  Coffee  Fruit,  but  withal,  that 
he  had  been  at  very  little  Pains  to  examine 
it. 

Banefus  affures  us,  that  the  intire  Fruit 
is  fomething  like  the  Cacao,  but  cleft  along 
the  Middle  like  a  date  Stone,  and  cover’d 
by  a  Shell  or  Husk. 

Dr.  Grew  has  faid  nothing  about  the 
Coffee  Fruit  in  particular  ;  but  fince,  by 
what  we  fhall  fee  afterwards,  he  appears  to 
have  examin’d  it  very  exatftly ;  and  has  of¬ 
ten  declar’d,  that  in  the  far  greareft  Part  of 
Seeds  there  are  three  Involucra ,  it  is  reafon- 
able  to  fuppofe  that  all  thofe  I  have  de- 
fcrib’d  were  known  to  him. 

Dr.  Robinfon,  in  his  Letter  to  Mr.  Ray, 
informs  us  that  the  intire  Fruit  is  round  on 
one  Side,  and  flat  on  the  other;  but  what 
we  have  principally  to  remark  from  this 
otherwife  judicious  Botanift,  is  the  Manner 
in  which  he  endeavours  to  prove  that  this 
Fruit  is  of  the  Nut  Kind,  in  which  I  think 
he  has  come  very  far  fhort  of  his  ufual  Ac¬ 
curacy  :  *  The  intire  Fruit,  fays  he,  is  co- 
‘  ver’d  with  two  Skins;  the  exterior  Skin, 
1  ‘  or 


(  H  ) 


t  or  rather  Shell  (being  as  thick  almoft  as 
1  that  of  a  Piftachio)  is  of  a  dark  Colour ; 

*  the  fecond,  or  interior  Membrane,  that 

*  covers  the  Kernels  is  much  finer,  and  of 
4  a  yellowifh  white  Colour.  Under  this 
4  fecond  Skin  lie  generally  two  Kernels, 
4  fometimes  one. 

What  Part  of  this  Nut  ought  to  be  rec¬ 
kon’d  the  Kernel  is  eafily  determin’d :  As 
for  the  Shell,  I  have  already  taken  Notice, 
that  the  firft  of  the  proper  Coats  feems  beft 
to  anfwer  that :  Dr.  Robinfon  has  chofen 
the  common  or  outer  Coat,  and  he  is  in 
the  right  to'  fay  it  is  almoft  as  thick  as  that 
of  the  Piftachoe;  but  then,  if  I  am  not 
miftaken,  it  is  not  by  virtue  of  that  outer 
Coat  that  the  Piftachoe  is  call’d  a  Nut,  but 
on  account  of  a  hard  Shell  that  lies  under 
it,  to  which  the  outer  Coat  of  the  Coffee 
fruit  has  no  Refemblance,  neither  in  Sub- 
ftance  nor  Situation.  By  what  he  fays  fur¬ 
ther,  that  under  this  fecond  Skin  lie  gene¬ 
rally  two  Kernels,  it  would  feem  that  he 
look’d  upon  it  not  as  a  proper  but  as  a  com¬ 
mon  Coat,  as  much  as  the  other  j  but  how 
this  can  be,  I  do  not  fo  well  underftand, 
fince  not  only  each  Kernel  in  particular  is 
quite  furrounded  by  this  Coat;  but  being 
thus  involv’d,  is  intirely  feparated  from  the 
other  by  means  of  the  Septum.  In  fine,  by 
the  Date  of  this  Letter  it  appears  that  it 
was  written  the  Year  before  the  fecond  Vo¬ 
lume  of  Mr.  Ray's  Hiftory  of  Plants  was 
publifh’d ;  and  therefore  it  may  feem  ftrange, 
that  after  all  the  Pains  this  Author  had  been 
at,  he  fhould  not  have  been  able  to  perfuade 
his  Correfpondent  to  rank  his  Coffee Frutex 
not  among  the  bacciferous  Plants,  as  he 
fas  done,  but  among  the  nuciferous.  The 
Difference  however  lay,  probably,  in  the 
Ufe  of  a  Word  only,  Mr.  Ray's  Hrbores 
HHciferct  fruttu  per  maturitatem  jicco ,  being, 
as  he  himfelf  informs  us,  in  every  thing, 
except  in  Size,  the  fame  with  the  Baccifer<t 
of  that  kind. 

What  I  have  hitherto  remark’d  concern¬ 
ing  theRefemblance  of  the  Coffee  Fruit  to 
a  Nut,  mull:  be  underftoodof  the  dry  Ber¬ 
ries  only ;  for  in  the  frefh  Fruit  all  the  Co¬ 
verings  are  lb  perfeftly  foft  and  pulpy,  that 
they  can  in  no  Senfe,  neither  fingly  nor  to¬ 
gether,  be  faid  to  form  a  Shell.  And  whe¬ 
ther  a  Fruit,  which  while  it  hangs  upon  the 
Tree  is  certainly  not  a  Nut,  can  afterwards, 
by  drying,  be  changed  into  one,  I  leave  to 
thofe  who  are  better  vers’d  than  I  in  fuch 
Diftinftions,  to  determine. 

There  is  nothing  but  Repetitions  to  be 
met  with  in  the  other  Author ,  before  the 
Year  1694,  in  which  Sir  Hans  Sloane  in¬ 
forms  us  that  the  Fruit  comes  out  ex  alis 
folioram ,  hanging  or  flicking  to  the  Twigs 


by  Inch-long  Strings  or  Foot-Stalks;  and 
fometimes  one,  two  or  more  at  the  fame 
Place. 

Both  Lemerys  obferve  that  this  is  a  fmall 
longifh  Fruit,  round  like  a  Pignon  (which 
I  fuppofe  to  be  the  Seed  of  the  Ricimts  A- 
mericantss)  and  that  the  Cortex  is  a  pretty 
hard  ligneous  Husk. 

In  Fournefort' s  pofthumous  Treatife  of 
the  Materia  Medica ,  we  are  told  that  the 
Seeds  are  inclofed  in  Husks;  for  the  molt 
part  confifting  but  of  one  Cell,  fometimes 
of  two.  By  this  I  fuppofe  the  Author 
means  no  more,  than  that  for  the  moft  part 
each  Husk  contains  but  one  Seed.  This  is 
true  with  refpeft  to  the  intire  Coffee  Fruit 
that  is  imported  into  Europe:  but  with  re¬ 
fpeft  to  all  the  Coffee  Fruit  produced  in 
Arabia  Felix ,  juft  the  contrary  is  to  be 
faid. 

Fblkamerus ,  who  had  feen  the  Coffee 
Plant  in  a  bearing  State*  tells  us  that  the 
Fruit  confifts  of  two  Kernels  lying  upon 
one  another,  included  in  a  juicy  Pericar- 
pium ;  and  from  thence  he  concludes  that 
the  Plant  ic  felf  ought  to  be  ranked  among 
the  bacciferous  Kind. 

Mr.  Bradley,  in  his  firft  Treatife,  ob- 
ferves,  that  *  about  October  thefe  Trees  have 
4  done  blowing,  and  then  they  are  com- 
4  monly  well  fet  with  green  Fruit,  which 
4  hang  on  them  till  the  July  following  be- 

*  fore  they  are  ripe;  they  refembleat  that 
‘  time  the  Berries  of  the  Lanro  CerafttSy  or 
4  Bay  Cherry,  and  are  much  of  the  fame 
4  Shape  and  Colour,  (/.  e.  of  a  dark  red} 
4  but  inftead  of  a  fingle  Stone,  thefe  have 
4  two  Kernels  which  fplit  in  the  Middle, 
4  like  the  Bay  Berries  of  the  Shops.  ’  He 
has  faid  nothing  further  about  the  Coffee 
Fruit  in  any  of  his  later  Works. 

What  belongs  to  this  Article,  fron\  M. 
De  JeJftctt  is.  That  4  the  Embrio  or  young 

*  Fruit  grows  nearly  to  the  Bignefs  of  a 
4  Heart-Cherry,  and  is  pretty  much  of  the 
4  fame  Figure  with  it ;  but  that  when  it  is 
4  perfeftly  ripe  and  dry,  it  is  reduced  to 
4  the  Size  of  a  Laurel  Berry.  The  Fruit 
4  ends  in  an  Vmbilicusy  being  at  firft  of  a 
4  light  green  Colour,  then  reddilh;  after- 
4  wards  of  a  very  beautiful  red,  and  when 
‘  perfeftly  ripe,  of  a  dark  red.  The  Pulp 
4  is  glairous,  or  mucilaginous,  of  an  un- 
4  plcafant  Tafte,  and  when  dried  becomes 
4  like  that  of  a  black  Prune.  Under  this 
4  Pulp  lie  two  thin  oval  Coats,  clofelyad- 
4  hering  together,  convex  on  one  Side,  and 
c  flat  on  the  other,  by  which  they  touch; 
4  and  of  a  yellowifti  white  Colour. 

Monf.  La  Roqucy  much  to  the  fame  Pur- 
pofe,  acquaints  us,  that  4  to  every  Flower 
4  fucceeds  a  fmall  Fruit,  but  which  by  de- 
1  *  grees 


C  45  ) 

c  grees  grows  to  the  Size  of  a  large  Cher-  «  Husk  of  a  dark  brown  Colour,  which 
<  ry,  in  which  State  it  is  very  good  to  c  makes  the  firft  or  outer  Cortex  of  the 
‘  eat.  It  adheres  to  the  Tree  by  a  fmall  *  Coffee  Bean,  and  within  it  lies  another 

*  fhort  Foot-Stalk,  and  when  perfe&ly  e  thin  Membrane,  which  makes  the  fecond 
«  ripe  is  not  much  bigger  than  a  Laurel  Ber-  ‘  or  inner  Cortex. 

‘  ry.  It  comes  out  between  the  Leaves  M.  Miller  his  only  told  us,  <  that  in  the 

*  and  Branches.  At  firft  it  is  green,  but  *  Coffee  Plant  the  Flowers  are  fucceeded  by 
«  grows  red  as  it  ripens;  and  the  Sun  hav-  ‘  Berries,  and  that  each  Berry  includes  two 

*  Fng  dry’d  this  red  Pulp,  it  becomes  a  ‘  Seeds  in  an  inner  thin  Skin. 

ART.  II. 

The  Kernels  of  the  Coffee  Fruit. 

AL  L  the  Coverings  defcrib’d  in  the  laft  Article  being  remov’d, 
the  Kernel  it  felf  comes  next  to  be  examin’d  ;  the  Colour  of 
which,  to  begin  by  that,  varies  according  to  the  Freftmefs,  Good- 
nefs,  and  Place  of  Growth  of  the  Berry;  fome  of  them  have  a 
Call  of  green,  fome  are  whitifti,  fome  dark  or  brown,  and  if 
damaged  by  fait  Water,  they  are  perfectly  black. 

The  Figure  of  the  Kernels  varies  likewife;  but  that  is  princi¬ 
pally  determin’d  by  the  Number  of  them  in  the  fame  Berry. 
The  fingle  ones,  filling  up  the  whole  Cavity,  have  Liberty  to  ex¬ 
tend  themfelves  on  all  Sides,  and  confequently  the  Figure  of  them 
is  that  of  a  longifh  Oval,  with  a  Cleft  on  one  Side,  upon  which 
lies  the  abortive  Kernel,  as  has  been  already  faid,  in  Form  of  a 
Clypeus  or  Target,  very  thin,  and  of  a  circular  Figure,  a  little 
deprefs’d  on  one  Side,  to  accommodate  ft  felf  to  the  other.  The 
double  Kernels,  for  the  fame  Reafon,  are  nearly  oblong  Hemif- 
pheroids,  being  convex  on  the  back  Side,  and  flat  on  that  by 
which  they  join  one  another;  and  in  moft  of  them  it  may  be 
remark’d  that  they  are  a  fmall  matter  bigger  at  one  End  than  at 
the  other.  Thro’  the  Middle  of  the  flat  Side  of  each,  runs  a 
Sulcus  or  Rima  lengthwife,  generally  narrower  than  that  of  the 
fingle  Berries.  The  Figure  of  the  triple  Kernels  is  Jikewife  to  be 
determin’d  by  their  Situation  in  the  Seed  Veffel;  but  of  fuch  I 
believe  very  few  are  to  be  found. 

The  far  greateft  Part  of  the  Coffee  that  is  imported  into  Eu¬ 
rope,  confifts  of  fuch  Kernels  as  have  been  double  in  the  fame 
Fruit,  and  the  Dimenfions  and  Weight  of  all  the  Kinds  thereof 
may  be  guefs’d  at  by  thofe  taken  at  a  Medium  from  the  Kernels 
that  are  brought  us  by  the  Way  of  Turkey ,  and  thofe  that  come 
from  Java  in  the  Eajl  Indies.  The  greateft  Length  of  the  firft 
Sort  is  three  eighth  Parts  of  an  Inch,  Breadth  one  eighth  Part, 
and  Weight  three  Grains.  Of  the  Java  Coffee  I  found  the 

N  Length 


(40 

Length  to  be  half  an  Inch,  Breadth  five  fixteenth  Parts,  anci 
Weight  five  Grains  and  an  half. 

The  principal  Body  of  each  Kernel  confifts  of  an  hard,  callous, 
cartilagedike  uniform  Subfiance,  made  up  of  two  Lamina,  firft 
laid  one  upon  another,  and  then  rolled  and  folded  up  into  the 
Figure  we  have  juft  now  defcrib’d.  Whoever  views  a  tranfverfe 
Se&ion  of  a  Kernel,  the  firft  Idea  of  its  Structure  that  prefents 
it  felf  to  him  will  be  undoubtedly  that  of  a  Body  rowl’d  up,  as 
I  have  laid  j  but  I  think  a  more  eafy  Way  to  conceive  that  fully, 
will  be  firft  to  imagine  two  oblong  hollow  Hemifpheroids  cafed 
clofely  over  one  another,  and  cover’d  with  a  Lid  flit  thro’  the 
Middle  Iengthwifej  and  then  that  this  Cavity  is  fill’d  up  by  ano¬ 
ther  Body*  adhering  to  or  proceeding  from  the  whole  under  Part 
of  oiie  Side  of  the  Lid,  but  loofe  from  the  other,  under  which 
the  Edge  of  it  is  turn’d  up,  fo  as  to  form  a  new  kind  of  Sulcuf, 
continuous  with  the  former,  tho’  not  always  in  the  fame  right 
Line.  This  inner  Body  I  know  no  better  Way  to  exprefs,  than 
by  calling  it  a  Procefs  arifing  from  one  Side  of  the  Slit  or  Sulcus 
fo  often  mention’d.  The  Stru&ure  of  a  fingle  Kernel  is  to  be 
conceiv’d  much  after  the  fame  manner,  only  here  the  Slit  is  gene¬ 
rally  wider,  the  two  Sides  of  it  being  not  flat,  but  convex  5  and 
fo  appear  rather  to  be  a  Continuation  of  the  fame  Figure  with 
that  of  the  Backfide  of  the  Kernel,  than  as  a  Lid  laid  over  a  Ca¬ 
vity.  By  this  means  likewife,  the  Figure  of  the  Cavity  varies, 
and  that  of  the  Procefs  along  with  it.  In  every  thing  elfe  the 
Stru&ure  of  both  Kinds  of  Kernels  is  the  fame:  And  I  have 
only  thefe  two  Things  further  to  obferve  about  them. 

Firft,  that  the  two  Lamina  of  which  they  are  compos’d,  are 
not  everywhere  of  the  fame  Thicknefs  ,•  from  whence  it  follows, 
that  one  Side  of  the  Cavity  is  fbmetimes  fhallower  than  the  other. 
In  the  next  Place,  the  Procefs  does  not  always  come  out  from 
the  fame  Side  of  the  Sulcus  or,  which  is  the  fame  thing,  the 
Kernel  is  not  always  rowl’d  up  one  Way.  By  which  I  mean, 
that  the  Situation  of  all  the  Parts  of  the  Kernel  being  once  de¬ 
termin’d  by  that  of  the  feminal  Plant,  (of  which  in  the  next  Ar¬ 
ticle,)  the  Procefs  will  be  found  to  adhere  fbmetimes  to  the  right 
Side  of  the  Sulcus ,  and  fometimes  to  the  left. 

Ramvolfitis  has  taken  Notice  only  of  the  Clttfim  tells  us  that  they  are  of  a  darkifti 
Colour  of  the  Kernels,  and  that,  he  fays,  yellow  Colour,  acid  Tafte,  and  flat  on  one 
is  yellowifh.  Side. 

From  Acinus  we  learn,  that  the  Kernels  J.B.  that  ‘  the  Coverings  being  remov’d, 
he  found  in  Egypt  were  of  a  fweet  Tafte,  ‘  there  appears  a  hard  Kernel,  much  of  the 
mix’d  with  a  little  Bitternefs,  but  no  Sharp-  ‘  Shape  of  a  date  Stone,  with  an  hollow  run  - 
nefs.  Whether  he  was  altogether  in  the  ‘  ningthro’  it  lengthwife ;  of  a  pale  alh  Co¬ 
right  in  this,  I  leave  to  every  Body’s  Ex-  *  lour,  and  a  bitter  unpleafant  Tafte ;  and 
perience  to  refolve  them.  '  ~  -  " "  ~  -  rpjac 


I 


c  that  all  the  way  from  theVmbilicusto  the 
‘  oppofite  Point,  it  appears  as  if  it  were  di- 
*  viaed  into  two  Grains  (ab  umbilico  ad  op - 
pofitum  mucronem  gemma  ofientat  grana.) 
From  the  whole  of  whit  we  have  quoted 
from  this  Author,  both  here  and  in  the  laft 
Article,  it  appears  plainly  that  his  Defcrip- 
tion  was  taken  from  a  Fruit  with  only  one 
Kernel;  and  therefore  it  is  not  eafy  toguefs 
1  the  Meaning  of  the  laft  Words  of  it. 
Confidering  the  Place  where  they  lie,  I 
fhould  be  inclin’d  to  think  they  were  ad¬ 
ded  by  the  Editors,  for  they  are  no  ways 
of  a  Piece  with  the  reft ;  but  if  they  do 
really  belong  to  Bauhinus's  Text,  I  can 
make  no  more  of  them  than  this.  That 
when  a  fingle  Kernel  is  view’d  on  that  Side 
on  which  the  Sulcus  lies,  it  appears  as  if  it 
were  divided  into  two  Grains. 

But  whatever  be  the  true  Meaning  of 
them,  I  can  find  nothing  in  all  this  Defcrip- 
tion  that  contradi&s  what  we  have  heard 
from  Clitjius ;  and  therefore  I  cannot  ima¬ 
gine  the  Reafon  why  J.  B.  fhould  add,  that 
tho’  the  outward  Appearance  of  this  Fruit 
anfwer  d  in  every  thing  to  the  Figures 
given  us  by  Clujius ,  yet  there  were  other 
things  in  which  they  did  not  agree  ; 
and  that  therefore  he  durft  not  fay  that 
his  was  tHe  fame  with  that  from  whence  Clu- 
fus's  Figures  were  taken.  It  may  be  his 
Scruple  was  grounded  on  this,  that  Clujius' s 
Berries  were  double,  and  his  own  fingle. 

By  Olearius  the  Colour  of  the  Coffee 
Kernel  is  compar’d  to  that  of  common 
Wheat,  and  the  Tafte  to  that  of  Turkey 
Wheat.  y 

We  have  heard  already,  that  according 
to  Vejlingius  the  Tafte  of  them  is  very  fen- 
fibly  bitter. 

Parkmfin  informs  us,  that  on  each  Side 
of  the  Husk  of  the  Coffee  Fruit  lieth  a 
fmall  long  white  Kernel,  flat  on  that  Side 
they  join  together,  of  an  acid  Tafte,  and 
fonqewhat  bitter  withal. 

Banejius  diftinguifhes  the  Coffee  Kernels 
into  two  Sorts,  with  refpeft  to  their  Co¬ 
lour  ;  one  he  fays  is  whitilh,  the  other  of 
a  darkifh  Citron  Colour,  tending  towards 
a  green ;  and  thefe  laft  are  to  be  preferr’d 
to  the  firft.  All  this  is  true  enough  in  fad, 
but  it  feems  to  be  owing  to  our  Author’s 
not  having  underftood  Avicenna^  that  ever 
he  was  fo  lucky  as  to  obferve  it.  Avicenna 
has  told  us  the  fame  thing  of  a  Root  which 
he  calls  B unchum,  and  this  Banejius  and  o- 
thers,  as  we  fhall  afterwards  hear,  have 
nnftaken  for  the  Buna  or  Coffee  Fruit. 

The  curious  Enquiries  which  the  learn¬ 
ed  Dr.  Grew  made  concerning  the  Seeds, 
as  well  as  all  the  other  Parts  of  Plants,  have 
furnifh’d  him  with  fome  very  uncommon 


Obfervations  concerning  the  Coffee  Fruic 
in  particular,  befides  what  he  has  faid 
about  other  Seeds,  which  will  equally 
agree  to  it.  Thefe  laft  I  leave  to  be 
confulted  in  his  excellent  Anatomy  of 
Plants ;  the  others  muft  not  be  omttted 
here.  Having  defcrib’d  the  Coverings  that 
belong  to  Seeds,  which  he  proves,  in  the 
greateft  Part  of  them,  to  be  three  in  Num¬ 
ber,  he  obferves,  that  in  many  there  is  a 
Vitellum  or  Body  analogous  thereto,  which 
is  neither  Part  of  the  true  Seed,  nor  Parc 
of  the  Covers  j  but  diftindt  from  them 
both. .  This  he  tells  us  makes  fometimes 
the  principal  Part  of  the  Fruit,  being  much 
bigger  than  the  true  Seed  it  felf ;  and  in  e- 
numerating  the  different  Figures,  Difpofi- 
tions,  and  other  Properties  of  thefe  Vitella , 
among  the  reft  he  obferves,  that  in  Goofe- 
grafs  or  Cliver  it  is  of  a  horny  Subftance, 
but  fhap’d  fomewhat  like  a  Bonet  with  the 
Rims  tuck’d  in;  and  fo  in  the  Coffee  Ber¬ 
ry,  but  rowl’d  or  folded  up  into  a  kind  of 
oval  Figure,  with  a  Notch  or  Rjma  run¬ 
ning  thro’  the  Length,  where  the  two  Ends 
meet.  This  Paffage  contains  the  only  Hint 
that  is  to  be  met  with  in  Authors  concern¬ 
ing  the  true  Strudure  of  the  Coffee  Ker¬ 
nel;  and  I  hope  it  will  be  ftill  better  un¬ 
derftood  by  the  Account  I  now  give  of  it. 

Dr.  Robinjon  has  obferv’d  but  little  about 
thefe  Kernels;  under  the  fecond  Skin,  he 
fays,  lie  generally  two  Kernels,  fometimes 
one,  round  on  one  Side  and  flat  on  the  0- 
ther.  On  the  flat  Side  of  the  Kernel  there 
is  always  a  Slit  or  Mouth  ;  fo  that  every 
Kernel  does  exadly  refemble  a  Concha  ve¬ 
neris. 

Lemery  compares  the  two  together  to  a 
young  Pea  in  Bignefs;  and  fays  further, 
that  they  are  of  an  oval  Figure,  eafily  part¬ 
ing  into  two  Halves;  of  a  yellowifh  Co¬ 
lour,  with  a  Caft  of  white. 

Langius  fays  the  Kernel  is  of  a  mealy 
Tafte.  J 

Toumefort ,^that  the  Seeds  are  hard,  of  a 
whitilh  afh  Colour,  convex  on  one  Side, 
flat  on  the  other,  and  furrow’d ;  of  a  mealy 
Tafte,  and  without  any  Smell;  five  or  fix 
Lines  in  Length,  and  three  in  Thicknefs. 

Chomel  and  Andry  agree  in  every  thing 
with  Toumefort ;  only  the  laft  adds,  that 
thefe  Seeds  are  very  heavy  in  proportion  to 
their  Bulk. 

Mr.  Bradley ,  as  we  have  already  heard, 
has  obferv'd  that  the  Coffee  Fruit  has  two 
Kernels,  which  fplit  in  the  Middle,  like 
the  Bay  Berries  of  the  Shops.  It  is  true, 
the  Coffee  Kernels  do  fplit  in  the  Middle, 
and  fo  do  the  Bay  Berries  of  the  Shops; 
but  wherein  the  Likenefs  of  their  fplitting 
confifts,  I  fhould  be  glad  to  learn. 


M.  Da 


(48  ) 


M.  iDtf  Jufiiids  Obfervations  about  the 
Kernels  are  thefe:  ‘  In  each  of  the  inner 

*  Coats  is  contain’d  a  callous  oval  Seed, 
t  arched  on  the  back  Side,  and  flat  on  the 

<  other*  in  the  Middle  of  which  is  a  pretty 

*  deep  Sulcus  running  thro’  its  wholeLengtn. 
«  Sometimes  one  of  thefe  Seeds  proves  a- 
«  bortive,  and  then  the  other  grows  com- 
t  monly  bigger  than  it  would  otherwife 
«  have  been ;  both  Sides  of  it  become  more 

*  convex,  and  it  fills  up  the  whole  Cavity 
«  of  the  Fruit. 

Monf.  La  Roque  has  added  fome  new 
Obfervations  ftill,  concerning  the  Progrefs 
or  gradual  Formation  of  thefe  Kernels : 

<  Under  the  Pulp,  fays  he,  lies  the  Bean  or 

<  Grain  which  we  call  Coffee  ;  and  even 
«  when  the  Fruit  has  arriv’d  at  its  full 
«  Bignefs  the  Bean  is  extremely  tender,  and 


«  of  a  difagreeable  Talley  but  as  the  Fruit 

<  ripens,  it  acquires  by  degrees  a  little  more 
«  Solidity ;  and  by  the  time  that  the  Pulp 

<  is  nearly  dried  up,  the  Bean  is  become 
«  pretty  hard,  and  of  a  light  green  Colour, 
‘  fwimming  in  a  thick  brown  and  bitter 
‘  Liquor. 

Valentini  tells  us,  that c  what  is  call’d  Cof- 
‘  fee,  is  nothing  but  the  Kernels  of  certain 
«  fmall  Nuts,  confifting  of  two  Parts,  like 

<  Beans,  arch’d  on  the  upper  Side,  flat  and 

<  furrow’d  on  the  other ;  of  a  dark  yellow 

*  Colour,  mealy  Tafte,  and  Smell  like  that 

*  of  burnt  Beans.  It  is  Pity  this  Author 
did  not  add,  that  it  was  the  Smell  of  roaft- 
ed  Coffee  he  meant,  and  then  the  Compa- 
rifon  would  not  be  amifs ;  neither  are  thefe 
two  much  different  in  Virtues,  if  we  may 
believe  the  learned  Do&or  Cheque. 


ART.  III. 

The  Seminal  Plant ,  or  true  Coffee  Seed. 

WE  have  heard  from  Dr.  Grew,  that  the  main  Body  of  the 
Kernel  deferib’d  in  the  laft  Article,  is  not  the  true  Seed,  but 
only  a  Vitellum  or  Body  analogous  thereto  j  which  he  fometimes 
likewife  calls  the  bulky  or  cartilaginous  Covet  of  the  Seed.  As 
he  is  the  only  Author  who  has  obferv’d  this  Difference,  fo  none 
but  he  has  deferib’d  what  the  true  Seed,  as  diftinguifh’d  from  the 
Vitellum,  really  is.  c  The  Foetus ,  or  true  Seed  in  the  Coffee  Ber- 
<  ry,  fays  he,  lies  ill  the  inner  or  cartilaginous  Cover,  where  one 
‘  would  not  expe6t  to  find  it,  near  the  Top  or  Surface  of  the 
<  Back.  The  Lobes  of  the  Seed  are  vein  d  like  two  very  minute 
<  Leaves,  and  join’d  to  a  long  Root  like  a  Stalk,  the  End  of 
<  which  comes  juft  to  the  Bottom  of  the  Cover,  ready  for  its 
<•  Exit  into  the  Ground/’  All  this  he  has  exprefs’d  by  five  Figures 
in  Tab.  77.  of  his  Anatomy  of  Plants ;  whereof  the  firft  exhibits 
the  hilly  or  furrow’d  Side  of  the  Coffee  Berry  j  the  fecond,  the 
Back  5  the  third,  the  Back  par’d  a  little,  fo  as  that  the  true  Seed 
may  appear  in  fitu 3  the  fourth,  reprefents  the  true  Seed  taken  out 
of  the  Kernel  5  and  the  fifth  fliews  it  very  much  magnify ’d. 

This  is  the  Account  which  Dr.  Grew  has  given  us  of  the  true 
Seed,  (or,  as  it  is  call’d  by  Malpighi,  and  others  fince  his  Time, 
the  Seminal  Plant )  of  the  Coffee  Fruit ;  and  whoever  is  acquainted 
with  Dr.  Grews  Writings,  knows,  that  according  to  him,  in 
every  Seminal  Plant  may  be  diftinguifli’d  the  Radicle,  Lobes  and 
Plume.  This  Remark  was  neceffary  in  order  to  the  underftand- 

ing 


C  49  ) 

ing  of  feme  Terms  which  I  lhall  be  obliged  to  make  ufe  of  in 
explaining  what  farther  Obfervations  I  have  made,  both  concern¬ 
ing  the  Situation  and  Structure  of  the  Seminal  Plant. 

It  lies  between  the  two  Lamella  of  the  Vitellum  or  Body  juft 
now  deferib’d,  in  a  Bed  exactly  fitted  to  it,  the  Radicle  always 
terminating  at  the  Extremity  of  the  Sulcus ,  which  in  an  entire 
Kernel  may  be  difeover’d  by  a  round  Speck,  of  a  different  Co¬ 
lour  from  the  reft  of  the  Surface.  As  the  Back  of  the  Kernel  is 
convex,  the  Seminal  Plant,  to  accommodate  it  felf  to  that  Figure, 
is  likewife  bent  upwards,  and  lo  lies  crooked.  The  Pofition  of 
it  is  not  exactly  according  to  the  Length  of  the  Kernel,  or  paral¬ 
lel  to  the  longeft  Diameter  of  it,  but  oblique  j  it  being  all  on 
one  Side  of  the  Rhna  (as  may  be  feen  by  Candle-light,  even  with 
the  naked  Eye)  in  an  entire  macerated  Kernel.  It  is  not,  how¬ 
ever,  always  on  the  lame  Side,  but  fometimes  on  the  right,  fome- 
times  on  the  left  ;  and  yet  this  Pofition  is  no  ways  cafual,  but 
regulated  by  the  Rowl  or  Fold  of  the  Berry,-  that  is,  the  Seminal 
Plant  lies  always  on  that  Side  of  the  Sulcus  to  which  the  Procefs 
is  fix’d. 

"Vv  hen  it  is  carefully  taken  out  of  the  Kernel,  the  Figure  of  it 
refembles  nothing  fo  much  as  the  Ace  of  Spades  in  Cards,  only 
the  Radicle  is  longer  in  proportion  to  the  Lobes,  than  the  Han¬ 
dle  of  that  Spade  is  commonly  made.  The  Colour  of  it  appears 
then  lighter  than  that  of  the  Kernel.  And  the  Radicle  or  little 
Root,  as  far  as  I  can  perceive,  is  exactly  round,  and  runs  taper¬ 
ing  from  one  End  to  the  other ;  that  to  which  the  Lobes  ad¬ 
here  being  fmalleft,  as  is  well  exprefs’d  in  one  of  Dr.  Greuu’s  Fi¬ 
gures.  The  Lobes  or  Leaves  may  eafily  be  feparated  from  one 
another  ail  the  Way  to  their  Infertion  into  the  Radicle 3  but  no¬ 
thing  like  a  Plume  is  difcernible  betwixt  them. 

I  have  only  further  to  remark,  that  in  the  Situation  of  this 
Seminal  Plant,  as  well  as  in  the  whole  Structure  of  the  Kernel, 
the  Wifdom  and  Contrivance  of  Nature  is  very  difcernible.  The 
Extremity  of  the  Radicle  is  placed  in  the  weakeft  Part  of  the  whole 
Kernel,  and  confequently  finds  the  eafieft  Paflage  pofiible  into  the 
Ground-  the  two  Lamella  are  there,  as  it  were,  only  tuck’d  in; 
and  thus  (mail  Rhna  or  Chinks  nuift  neceftarily  be  left,  which  in 
dry’d  Kernels  we  fee  oftentimes  increas’d  to  very  fenfible  Clefts: 
Refides,  upon  the  leaft  Swelling  of  the  Kernel  in  the  Ground, 
thefe  Folds  mull  extend  themfelves,  and  by  this  means  likewife 
favour  the  Exit  of  the  Radicle.  Again,  by  the  oblique  Situation 
of  the  whole  Seminal  Plant,  and  always  on  that  Side  to  which 
the  Proccfs  is  fix’d,  they  lie  in  the  moll  fecure  Part  of  the  whole 

O  Kernel, 


(  5°  ) 

Kernel,  which  would  have  been  quite  otherwife  had  they  lain 
flrait,  and  fo  over  the  Sulcus.  In  fine,  the  Kernel  it  felf  is  roll’d 
up  in  the  manner  we  fee  it,  not  only  for  the  Security  of  the  Se¬ 
minal  Plant,  but  alfo  that  it  may  unfold  by  more  eafy  Degrees, 
according  as  the  Lobes  and  Plume  are  ready  to  expand  themfelves. 
The  firfl  of  thefe  Ends  accounts  likewife  for  the  Neceffity  of  the 
Procefs,  the  fecond  for  that  of  the  Rima  or  Sulcus ,  and  both  of 
them  for  the  Conveniency  of  a  double  Lamina  in  the  Kernels. 
But  as  this  unfolding  will  require  Time,  the  Radicle  probably  gets 
a  very  fure  Footing  in  the  Ground,  before  the  Seminal  Leaves 
reach  the  Surface  of  it. 


CHAP.  IX. 

The  Culture  of  the  Cofee  Plant  in  England. 


HAving  already  publifli’d  an  Account  of  the  Management 
of  this  Plant  in  its  native  Country,  Arabia  Felix ,  I  lhall 
here  confine  my  felf  to  the  Culture  of  it  in  the  Weflern  and 
efpecially  in  the  Northern  Parts  of  Europe ,  the  Directions  to  be 
obferv’d  herein  being  what  it  principally  concerns  us  to  be  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  Very  little  has  been  publifh’d  on  this  Subject 
by  any  Author  except  Mr.  Bradley ,  whofe  Obfervations  I  {hall 
give  in  the  fame  Order  in  which  they  appear’d  ;  to  thefe  I  fhall 
mbjoin  the  few  Remarks  which  have  been  made  by  other  Bota- 
niftsj  and  then  conclude  with  a  Paper  of  Inflru&ions  communi¬ 
cated  to  me  by  an  ingenious  Gardiner,  Mr.  Thomas  Knowlton , 
founded  entirely  on  his  own  Experience. 

In  his  firfl  Treatife  on  Coffee ,  Mr.  Bradley  tells  us,  that  c  the 
f  Coffee  Plant  having  now  found  its  Way  into  England ,  it  may 
f  be  neceflary  to  offer  fome  proper  Directions  for  its  Culture, 
c  agreeable  with  the  Method  obfervable  in  the  Amjlerdam  Gar- 
f  den.  When  we  fhall  have  an  Opportunity  to  propagate  thefe 
f  Trees  from  the  Berries,  we  muff  then,  immediately  after  they 
c  are  gather’d,  carefully  take  off  the  outfide  Husk,  and  feparate 
f  the  two  Seeds  which  are  found  in  each  5  clean  them  from  the 
f  Pulp,  and  fet  them  an  Inch  deep  in  Pots  of  fine  Earth,  which 
c  are  already  warm  in  a  Bed  prepar’d  with  Horfe- litter,  keeping 
2  c  the 


C  51  ) 

f  the  Glafles  clofe  cover’d  for  fix  Weeks*  and  often  (prinkling 
c  them  with  Water.  From  this  Way  of  Management  we  may 
c  expedt  them  to  come  up  in  lefs  than  two  Months  Time  after 
c  (owing.  And  then  for  their  further  Improvement,  you  are 
c  only  to  remark,  they  love  Warmth,  little  Air,  a  light  fandy 
c  Earth,  and  much  Water  j  and  this  laft  Hint  anfivers  to  an  Ob- 
c  (ervation  of  that  great  Naturalift  Dr.  Sloane ,  where  he  tells  us 
c  That  the  Arabians  cut  artificial  Channels  from  the  Rivers ,  on  purpofe 
c  to  nourijh  thefe  Plants.  Thefe  Rules  being  well  obferv’d,  we 

*  may  exped  them  to  bear  Fruit  in  five  Years  Time  from  the 
c  putting  in  of  the  Seed. 

From  his  Nevo  Improvements  in  Planting  and  Gardening ,  we 
learn,  that  c  in  the  Culture  of  this  Plant  the  Dutch  Gardiners 
f  prepare  a  Soil  for  it  compos’d  chiefly  of  Sand  5  and  the  Re- 
f  frefhings  they  give  it  with  Water  are  feldom  and  fparing  in  the 
c  Winter,  but  in  the  Summer  it  has  a  more  plentiful  Allowance, 
c  efpecially  during  the  Time  of  its  Bloflom.  About  June  they 
c  take  it  out  of  the  Houfe,  and  wafh  and  cleanfe  the  Leaves  and 
f  Branches,  and  letting  it  remain  in  the  Air  till  the  Beginning 
<  of  July ,  they  then  fet  it  again  in  the  Confervatory  for  flower- 
c  ing.  In  April  and  Auguft  they  give  frefli  Earth  to  the  Plants, 
c  and  they  thrive  extremely.  In  railing  thefe  Plants  from  the 
c  Seeds,  they  fir  ft  feparate  the  Kernels  in  each  Seed,  and  after 
c  they  are  clean’d  from  the  Mucilage  about  them  they  are  imme- 
c  diately  fet  two  Inches  deep  in  Pots  fill’d  with  fandy  Soil,  and 

*  plung’d  into  Hot-beds.  The  Seeds,  being  thus  order’d,  muft 

*  be  kept  moift  by  frequent  Sprinklings  of  Water,  till  they  come 

*  up,  and  the  Glafles  over  them  always  kept  clo'e.  About 
c  fix  Weeks  after  (owing  they  will  begin  to  appear,  and  have 
f  two  or  three  Leaves  apiece  before  Winter.  I  have  heard  that 

*  unlefs  the  Seeds  are  (own  as  foon  as  gather’d,  they  will  not 
c  come  upj  and  hitherto  there  is  no  other  Way  known  of  pro- 
c  Pagat^n§  Plant>  hut  from  Seeds :  Tho’  I  think  it  would  not 
c  be  againft  Reafon  to  try  to  inarch  it  upon  fome  other  Kind  of 
‘  Jafmin. 

In  the  (econd  Edition  of  his  Treatife  of  Coffee ,  I  find  nothing 
material  added  to  what  we  have  (et  down  from  the  firftj  but  in 
his  Monthly  Treatifes  he  has  enlarg’d  upon  this  Subject  in  (everal 
Places :  The  Sum  of  all  he  has  (aid  comes  to  this.  That  c  in 
c  the  Amferdam  Gardens  the  Coffee  Trees  are  kept  conftantly  in 
(  a  Glafs  Cafe,  which  as  near  as  I  can  guefs,  fays  he,  is  about 
c  fifteen  Foot  long,  and  about  twelve  Foot  wide  5  the  Height 
f  about  twenty  Foot  •,  the  Front  is  all  Glafs  under  the  Floor  is 


an 


f  an  Oven  for  Fire,  which  leads  into  Flues,  that  after  their  Paf- 
c  lage  here  and  there,  end  in  a  Chimney,  as  other  Stoves  do. 
c  They  ule  no  Tanners  Bark  in  this  Houle,  nor  give  the  Plants 
f  any  Air  all  the  Summer,  but  thro’  little  Cafements  about  a 
4  Foot  Iquare,  placed  about  the  Middle  of  the  great  Windows 
c  or  Pannels  of  Glals  j  and  even  thele  little  Cafements  are  fel- 
4  dom  open’d,  becaule  there  is  a  Door  which  opens  out  of  this 
f  Glafs  Cafe  into  a  large  Greenhoufe,  which  they  commonly 
4  keep  open  in  the  Summer-time.  Their  Earth  is  very  light. 
f  They  begin  to  make  the  Fires  in  the  Stoves  in  Offoher,  and  con- 
‘  tinue  it  conftantly  till  the  Weather  is  warm  enough  in  the 
4  Spring  for  the  Plant.  1  fuppofe  this  continued  Fire  in  the 
4  Stoves  is  necelfary  to  continue  the  Growth  of  the  Plants,  when 
4  the  Juices  are  once  flowing  5  for  to  warm  the  Houle  one  Day, 

4  and  let  it  cool  the  next,  will  certainly  check  the  Growth  of 
c  a  Plant. 

c  It  is  oblervable,  that  when  the  Fruit  is  ripe,  about  the  Be- 
4  ginning  of  July ,  it  mull  be  gather’d,  and  immediately  the 
4  Seeds  mull  be  clear’d  from  the  Pulp,  and  let  in  the  Ground, 
4  otherwile  they  will  not  Iprout.  This  Particular  the  Gardiner 
4  at  Amjlerdam ,  Mr.  Cornelius ,  obferves  diligently,  and  tho’  I  lent 
c  lomc  Berries  frelh  gather’d,  by  the  Poll,  which  were  not  above 
4  four  Days  in  their  Paflage  to  London ,  to  a  very  great  Artift, 
4  they  could  not  be  made  to  grow 5  but  when  they  are  fet  imme- 
4  diately,  he  tells  us,  that  even  in  the  natural  Earth,  he  has  leen 
c  fome  Coffee  Plants  above  Ground  within  three  Weeks  after  the 
f  Seed  was  put  in  the  Ground ;  but  then  they  mull  not  be  put 
4  in  promifcuoully  in  a  Body  of  Earth,  but  planted  an  Inch  or 
f  two  deep  in  it.  It  is  a  Cullom  there,  twice  or  thrice  in  a 
f  Summer  to  clean  the  Leaves  of  the  Coffee  Plants  with  wet 
c  Spunges,  which  takes  off  the  Dull  that  flops  the  Pores  of  the 
1  Leaves.  This  I  look  upon  to  be  of  conliderable  Ule,  becaule 
c  I  fuppofe  the  Leaves  to  receive  fome  Nourifhment  from  the 
f  Air,  which  circulates  about  them  •,  and  confequently  the  whole 

<  Plant  is  benefited  by  it.  I  oblerv’d  likewife,  that  the  Gardiner 
f  there  gave  them  frequent  Waterings,  a  little  at  a  time,  becaule 
4  the  Earth  was  very  light  j  but  elpecially  in  the  Summer,  when 

<  the  green  Fruit  was  towards  ripening,  he  gave  them  more  Wa- 
‘  ter  than  at  other  times,  that  is  towards  June. 

Mr.  Bradley  s  lateft  Oblervations  on  the  Culture  of  the  Coffee 
Plant  are  contain’d  in  his  Appendix  to  his  New  Improvements  : 

4  I  {hall  proceed,  lays  he,  to  remark  lome  Particulars  relating  to 
‘  its  Culture,  which  yet  are  not  made  publick.  I  have  already 


c  given  my  Reafons  why  I  fuppole  it  to  be  a  Je famine*,  and 
£  have  in  my  New  Improvements  prelcrib’d  the  inarching  of  it 
‘  upon  the  common  Jeffamine,  as  we  do  the  Plant  commonly 
*  known  by  the  Name  of  the  Arabian  Jejfamine ,  which  I  am  per- 
‘  fuaded  will  do  very  well,  lince  every  Day  confirms  me  more 
c  and  more  that  it  is  of  that  Tribe;  however,  I  have  heard  from 
(  Mr.  Knowlton ,  who  was  lately  Gardiner  to  Dr.  Sherrard,  that 
f  in  the  Dodor’s  curious  Gardens  at  Eltham ,  he  rais’d  the  Coffee 
c  Trees  both  by  Layers  and  Cuttings  5  lo  that  if  there  may  be 
f  fome  Difficulty  in  railing  it  from  the  Berry,  there  will  be  none 
c  in  raffing  or  propagating  of  it  thele  Ways. 

c  But  there  is  one  thing  which  ftill  remains  to  be  mention’d 
c  concerning  the  Management  of  the  Coffee  Tree,  which  I  have 
c  only  (lightly  touch’d  upon  in  my  New  Improvements  and 
c  that  is,  the  Neceffity  of  walking  the  Leaves  and  Shoots  about 
c  June ,  and  even  in  September  too.  This  muff  be  done  with  a 
C  Spunge  and  Water,  and  if  there  is  fome  Tobacco  ftecp’d  in  the 
c  Water,  I  believe  it  will  do  good,  for  I  find  that  the  Leaves 
c  and  Stalks  of  the  Coffee  Tree  are  apt  to  be  cover’d,  about 
c  June  and  July ,  with  a  kind  of  Mildew,  fuch  as  may  be  ob- 
c  ferv’d  on  the  Flower  Stalks  of  Collyfiowers,  which  afterwards 
c  changes  to  little  Infeds  that  will  poifon  the  Plant;  thele  there- 
c  fore  Ihould  be  carefully  walk’d  off  as  foon  as  we  dilcover  them, 
c  and  is  what  is  very  ftridly  oblerv’d  by  the  Gardiners  in  Holland , 
c  not  only  in  this  Cale,  but  in  the  Culture  of  every  Stove  Plant. 
c  They  have  People  on  purpofe  to  clean  the  Leaves  of  their  Houle 
c  Plants,  but  more  frequently  the  Coffee  Tree  than  any  other, 
c  and  no  Plants  look  better  than  theirs.  I  remember  M.  Come - 
c  lius ,  the  curious  Gardiner  at  the  Phyfick  Garden  at  Amjlerdam , 
c  (et  fome  Seeds  of  the  Coffee  in  a  Pot  which  flood  abroad,  and 
c  they  came  up,  and  made  as  good  an  Appearance  as  any  of  thole 
c  that  were  rais’d  in  the  Bark  Bed. 

By  thele  different  Steps  has  Mr.  Bradley  arriv’d  at  that  Degree 
of  Inlight  into  the  true  Method  of  cultivating  the  Coffee  Tree, 
which  ne  is  at  prelent  Mailer  of.  His  Knowledge  thereof  he 
owns  to  be  owing,  in  a  great  meafure,  to  what  he  oblerv’d  in 
the  Amjlerdam  Garden;  but  what  I  wonder  at  is,  that  in  his  lateffc 
Performances  thele  Oblervations  do  not  always  agree  with  thole 
publifh’d  in  the  former,  [that  is  nearer  the  time  in  which  he  had 
made  them.  For  fome  Things  likewile  he  has  been  oblig’d  to 
M.  Kno^wlton ,  whofe  Thoughts  upon  this  Subjed  we  fhall  hear 
prelently  at  more  Length,  after  we  have  mention’d  a  few  Remarks 
more  concerning  the  Culture  of  this  Plant,  from  Melfieurs  BeJuJJieu 
and  Tillt.  P  The 


(  54  ) 

The  firfl  of  thefe  Authors  has  told  us  only,  that  if  the  Seeds 
are  not  immediately  let.  as  foon  as  gather’d,  they  will  never  germi¬ 
nate,  and  that  of  this  he  has  had  feveral  Proofs  himfelf  from  Try- 
als  made  in  the  Royal  Garden  at  Paris. 

Tilli  remarks  further.  That  in  the  Garden  of  Pifa,  during  the 
Month  of  Augujly  he  has  ventur’d  to  take  this  Plant  out  of  the 
Stove,  and  fet  it  under  the*  Shade  of  fome  other  Tree  in  the 
open  Air,  and  that  it  was  fo  far  from  buffering  any  Damage,  that 
it  throve  the  better  for  fo  doing. 

M.  Knowhow's  Account  of  the  Culture  of  the  Coffee  Plant,  is 
in  a  Letter  dated  at  Petworth  in  Sujjexy  Feb.  4.  1725-6,  and  be- 
fides  the  Difcoveries  it  contains,  it  deferves  to  be  valued  for  this 
Reafon  likewife,  becaufc  the  Dire&ions  he  gives  are  all  taken  from 
his  own  Experience  of  what  he  found  to  anfwer  beft,  not  from 
Conjectures  and  Hear-fay  only.  They  may  therefore  be  fecurely 
depended  on  by  all  who  have  a  mind  to  cultivate  this  Plant  in 

c  In  the  latter  End  of  July ,  1723,  fays  he,  the  worthy  DoCtor 

*  Sherrard  (with  whole  Brother  I  then  liv’d)  brought  over  from 
f  the  Phylick  Garden  of  Amjlcrdamy  one  Coffee  Tree  of  about 
<  three  Foot  high,  and  one  Berry.  The  Berry,  carefully  co- 
c  ver’d  over  with  Wax,  was  given  to  me,  with  fome  Directions 
c  relating  to  the  Culture  of  it,  from  Cornelius  Vofs ,  Gardiner  at 
c  Amjlerdam'y  but  thefe  being  no  ways  agreeable  to  my  own  No- 
c  tion,  nor  to  the  Pra&ice  of  Gardening  here  in  England ,  I  begg’d 
f  Leave  to  ufe  my  own  Skill,  without  being  confin’d  to  them. 

‘  The  Berry  being  open’d,  parted  into  two  Seeds,  and  having 
c  prepar’d  a  good  frefli  rich  fandy  Soil,  I  put  them  into  a  fmall 
c  Pot  fill’d  therewith,  about  two  Inches  deep,  and  immediately 
£  after  plung’d  the  Pot  into  a  temperate  Hot* bed.  In  about  four 
c  or  five  Weeks  afterwards  I  had  the  Pleafure  of  feeing  one  of 
(  them  come  up,  with  his  Cap  on  his  Head  ,•  and  the  other  fol- 
c  low’d  in  a  Week  afterwards.  They  continu’d  growing  very  fa  ft 
c  both  Winter  and  Summer  alike,  and  in  a  Twelvemonth’s  Time 
f  were  above  two  Foot  high. 

c  Having  now  three  Trees  in  good  Health,  I  refolv’d  to  try 
f  fome  Experiments  relating  to  the  Culture  and  Propagation  of 
f  this  Plant.  The  firft  was  an  Inarchment  on  the  yellow  Indiayi 
f  Jeffamin,  and  likewife  on  the  Arabian  and  Brajile  white  Jeffa- 
c  min }  but  all  three  without  Succefs,  tho’  repeated  each  of  them 
c  twice  over.  The  next  was  to  make  an  Incifion  at  a  Joint,  and 

*  to  lay  four  Branches  down  in  the  fame  Soil  in  which  the  Trees 
4  were  planted.  This  fucceeded  very  well,  for  in  about  fix  Weeks 

-  time 


C  55  ) 

c  time  they  were  all  well  rooted,  and  fit  to  take  off.  Afterwards 

<  I  took  eight  or  nine  Cuttings,  at  different  times,  and  with  a 

<  great  deal  of  Care  I  got  five  of  them  to  take  Root  very  well. 
f  It  would  have  been  eafy  for  me  to  multiply  thefe  Experiments, 

<  but  as  I  was  now  Mafter  of  twelve  Trees,  I  thought  it  unne- 
«■  ceffary  to  give  my  felf  any  farther  Trouble,  at  that  time,  and 

<  I  have  not  had  fo  good  an  Opportunity  fince. 

c  In  raifing  thefe  Trees  I  ufed  to  give  them  frequent  Water- 
c  ings,  tho’  but  little  at  a  time,  and  the  Water  being  always  well 
c  temper’d  by  Handing  a  Day  or  two  in  a  Stove  beforehand : 
c  This  laft  I  was  particularly  cautious  about  during  the  Winter. 

<  I  found  by  Experiment  likewife,  that  this  Tree  ought  by  no 
c  means  to  have  the  Ends  of  the  Shoots  cut  or  ftiortened  ;  all 
c  the  pruning  it  will  bear  is  to  have  its  lowermoft  Branches  lopt 
c  off  clofe  to  the  Trunk. 

c  Another  Caution  neceflary  to  be  obfirv’d,  is  to  wafh  the 
f  Leaves  often  j  for  by  long  Handing  in  the  Houfe  they  contrad 
‘  a  Dufl,  and  befides  are  very  fubjed  to  a  particular  Sort  of  In- 
*  fed  that  foils  them,  and  prejudices  the  young  Shoots,  which 
c  generally  lying  on  the  under  Side  of  the  Leaf,  may  have  done 
1  a  great  deal  of  Mifchief  before  they  are  obferv’d,  except  we  be 

<  apprifed  of  them  beforehand.  They  feem  peculiar  to  the  Cof- 
c  fee  Leaves,  for  I  never  found  them  on  any  other  Plant. 


INDEX 


(  5«  ) 


A 

C A  T  ALO  G  U  E  of  all  the  Authors 


mentioned  in 

^/^Bubeter  Rhazes. 

Medicus  Arabs.  Ob. 93  2. 

M  Regem  Manforem  Libri  decern ,  Latini- 
fate  don  an. 

BafiJ.  1544.  fol. 

V.  Lib.  3.  c.z  2.  p. 74. 

Avicenna. 

Medicus  Arabs.  Ob.  103 6. 

Liber  Cannonis. 

Bafil.  1 5  5  <5".  fol. 

V.  Lib.  2.  Trad.  2.  c.  91.  p.  15)8.  & 
c.  81.  p.  196. 

Leonhartus  Rauwolfius. 

Medicus  Auguftanus. 

Itinerarium  Or  tent  is. 

Lugd.  1583.  4. 

An  Itinerary  into  the  E a/ler n  Countries. 
Tranjlated  from  the  High  Dutch,  by  Nico¬ 
las  Staphorft. 

Lond.  1693.  8. 

Vid.  Part  1.  c.  8.  p.  92. 

Profper  Alpinus. 

I  talus,  Botanices,  &c.  ProfefTor  Patavinus. 

De  Plantis  Egypt  i  Liber. 

Venet.  1592.  4. 

V.  Edit.  Petav.  1540.  4.  cap.  16.  p.  63. 

0 

Carolus  Clufius. 

Atrebas.  Botanicus  illuftris. 

Exoticorum  Liber  Septimus  Jive  Jimplicium 
aliquot  medicamentorum  apud  Indos  nafcentium 
bifioria ,  primum  Lufitanica  lingua  a  D.  Gar¬ 
cia  ab  Horto  conjcripta,  deinde  Latino  Sermone 
euntracla  Iconibus  &  Annotationibus  illujlrata. 
Antwerp  ifipi.  fol. 

V.  Edit.  Tbid.  1605.  fol.  p.  236.  inter 
omnia  Opera,  Tom.  2. 


this  Treatise. 


Johannes  Gerardus. 

Anglus.  Chirurgus  Londinerjfis.’ 

The  Herbal ,  or  General  Hijlory  of  Plant st 
enlarged  and  amended,  by  Thomas  [ onfon. 
Apothecary, 

Lond.  1597.  fol. 

V.  Lib.  3.  c.  150.  p.  1548. 

Johannes  Cotovicus. 

Ultrajedinus. 

Iter  Hierofolymitanum.  i 

Ultraj.  1 598.  , 

Bernardus  Paludanus. 

M.  D.  Enchufanus. 

Nota  in  Linfchottum .  > 

Amftelod.  1599. 

Honorius  Bellus. 

Vicentinus.  M.D. 

Ad  Carolum  Cluftum  EpiJloU  de  rarioribus 
quibufdam  plantis. 

Antw.  1601.  fol. 

V.  Cluf.  Tom.  1.  p.  cccix.  Epift.  4. 

Tohannes  Bauhinus. 

•/ 

Bafilienfis.  Ob.  1613. 

Hijloria  Plantarum  ZJniverfalis  3  Vol. 
Ebrodun.  1650.  fol. 

V.  Tom.  1.  Lib.  4.  c.  5.  p.  421. 

Petrus  de  la  Valle. 

Nobilis  Romanus. 

Les  Fameux  Voyages  en  Turquie,  Eqypte, 
la  Palejline ,  la  Perje ,  Jrc. 

Paris,  1570.  4 to.  4  Vol. 

V.  Vol.  1.  p.  53,  78. 

Epift.  datse  Conftantinop.  An.  161  <, 
161C. 


D.  Gar- 


Gualtherus  Rumfey. 


D.  Garcias  Silva  Figuerva. 

Hifpanus. 

VAmbaffadeen  Perfc  traduite  deL' Efpagnole 
par  M .  de  iViqfort. 

Paris,  1661.  4to. 

V.  p.  307. 

Legat.  inccepta  Ann.  1617.  fimt.  1614. 
Cafparas  Bauhinus. 

Bafilienfis.  Botanicus  fummus. 

11  iva%  Theatri  Botanici. 

Bafil.  161 1 .  410. 

V.  Edit.  Ibid.  1671.  lib.  2.  fedc.  5.  p.428. 
Georgius  Sandys. 

Anglus. 

A  Relation  of  a  Journey  begun  in  1610. 
In  four  Books ,  containing  a  Relation  of  the 
Turkifh  Empire. 

Lond.  1627.  fol. 

V.  p.66. 

Adamus  Olearius. 

Germanus. 

Voyages  faits  en  A/ofcovie,  Tartars  e  et  en 
Perfc  traduits  de  V  Allemande  ct  Augmented 
par  le  Sieur  de  Wuqfort. 

Lugd.  Batav.  1719.  fol. 

V.  Vol.  2.  p.833. 

Iter  Inccept.  1633-  Edit,  primo.  Anno 
1644. 

Thomas  Johnfon. 

Anglus  Pharmacopolus  &  M.  D. 

Gei  ard’r  Hiftory  of  Plants  enlarged  and 
corrected. 

Lond.  1636.  fol. 

Johannes  Veflingius. 

Mindanus. 

De  Plantis  Egypt's  Obfervationes  &  Not  a 
in  Profperum  Alptnum. 

Petav.  163  8.  4to. 

V.  Edit.  ibid.  1640.  cap.  16.  p.  63. 

Johannes  Parkinfon. 

Anglus.  Pharmacop.  Reg. 

The  Theatre  of  Plants,  or  an  univerfal  and 
complcat  Herbal. 

Lond.  1640.  fol. 
y.  Tribe  17.  c.  79.  p.  1622. 


Anglus. 

Organon  Salutis,  an  Inftrument  }o  clean fe 
the  Stomach  ;  as  alfb  divers  Experiments 
touching  the  Virtues  of  Coffee  and  Tobacco. 
Lond.  1657. 

V.  Edit.  i6'J9.  i2mo.  p.  5> 9a 2.3, 

Thevenot. 

Gall  us. 

Travels  into  the  Levant,  in  three  Parts ; 
done  into  Englifti  from  the  French. 

Lond.  1587.  fol. 

V.  Part  1.  p.  32.  Part  2.  p.  180. 

Reverfus  eft  circa  1 660. 

Lauren tius  Strauhus. 

Germanus. 

The  Manner  of  making  Coffee,  Tea,  and 
Chocolate  ;  tranfated  into  Eng hlh. 

Lond.  1685.  nmo. 

Edit.  Latin.  Circit.  1660. 

Simeon  Pauli. 

Danus.  M.  D. 

Commtntarius  de  Abufu  Thea  &  Tab  act. 
Roftoch.  1661.  4. 

Quadripartitum  Botanicum  de  Simplicium 
Medic  ament  or  urn  facultatibus. 

Argentor.  1667.  4to. 

Y.  p.  370,  3 96,  &c. 

Fauftus  Naironus  Banehus. 

Maronita. 

De  Saluberrima  Poiione  Cahue  feu  Cafe 
nuncupata  Difcurfus  ad  Eminentiffimum 
Principem  D.  Jo.  Nicol.  Cardinalem  de  Co- 
mitibus. 

Rom.  1671. 

Georgius  Hieronymus  Velfchius. 

Germanus.  M.  D. 

Exercitatio  de  Vena  Medinenfi  ad  Mentem 
Ebufine. 

Auguft.  Vendelic.  1674*  4t0* 

V.  Cap.  12.  p.  328. 

Dominicus  Chabrams. 

Princip.  Wirtimbergens.  Medicus. 

o  Omnium 


(  53  ) 


Omnium  Stirpium  Sciographia  &  hones. 
Genev.  1678.  Fol. 

V.  Claf.  4.  p.  32.  Claf.  12.  p.90. 

Henricug  Mundy. 

Anglus.  M.  D. 

Bio^^^oXoyfa  feu  Commentarii  de  Aere 
Vitali ,  Efculentis  &  Portulentis. 

Oxon.  1680.  8. 

V.  De  Potul.  c.  14.  p.  3  5  x. 

Nehemias  Grew. 

Anglus.  M.  D. 

The  Anatomy  of  Plants. 

Lond.  1682.  iol. 

V.  Lib.4,  c.  3.  p.  202.  c. 4.  p.  206. 

Thomas  Willis. 

Anglus.  M.  D. 

Pharmaccntice  rationalis  feu  Diatriba  de 
Medicament  or um  opcrationibus. 

Amftel.  1682.  4to.  Edit.  ima.  1674. 

V.  fedh  7.  c.  3.  p.  125). 

Johannes  Baptifh,  Tavernier. 

Gallus.  Chevalier  Baron  d’Aubonne. 

Les  fix  Voyages  qu'il  a  fait  en  Turquie  en 
Perfe  &  aux  Indes  pendant  C’ejpace  de  qua- 
rante  ans. 

Paris,  1  <582.  3  Vol.  4to. 

V.  Vol.  1.  Lib.  5.  c.  17.  p.  580,  582. 

Bernier. 

Gallus.  M.  D. 

Lettre  fur  le  Caffe  ecrite  a  M.  Du  Four. 

V.  Du  Four,  p.  207. 

Philippus  Silvefter  Du  Four. 

Gallus.  Mercator  Lugdunenfis. 

Traittez,  Nouvcaux  &  Curieux  du  Caffe  du 
The-,  &  du  Chocolate. 

Lugd.  1683. 

V.  Edit.  1  <58 8.  a  p.  1 .  ad  2 1 6. 

Nicolas  Blegny. 

Gallus.  M.D. 

Le  Bon  ufage  du  Caffe ,  du  The,  gr  du  Cho¬ 
colate,  pour  la  prefirvation  tfr  pour  lg  Gueri 
fin  des  Maladies. 

Paris,  1887.  12. 


Tancredus  Robinfbn. 

V  .T\.  ., 

Anglus.  M.D. 

Letter  to  Mr.  Ray,  dated  May  2 1. 11587. 
V.  Philof.  Letters  between  Mr.  Ray  and  his 
Correfpondents,  publifh’d  by  the  Reve¬ 
rend  Mr.  Derham. 

Lond.  1718.  p.  207. 

Johannes  Ray. 

Anglus.  F.  R.  S. 

Hifioria  Plantarum ,  Tomus  fecundus. 
Lond.  1688.  fol. 

V.  p.  1691. 

Cornelius  Bontekoe. 

Batavus.  M.  D. 

Traclaat  Van  bet  Excellenfie  hruyd  The  Coffi 
en  Chocolate. 

Amftel.  1689.  4to. 

V.  p.  107,  &c. 

Claudius  Salmaiius. 

Gallus. 

De  Homonymis  Hyles  latrica. 

Trajedh  ad  Rhen.  1689.  fol. 

V.  c.  78.  p.  106. 

Joh.  Jacobus  Berlu. 

The  Treafury  of  Drugs  unlocked. 

Lond.  165)3. 

V.  Edit.  1724.  i2mo.  p.  17. 

Gulielmus  Salmon. 

Anglus.  M.  D. 

Seplafium.  The  Compleat  Englifh  Phy - 
fician  ;  or,  Druggifi’s  Shop  open'd. 

Lond.  165)3 .  8. 

V.  Lib.  8.  c.  5.  p.  858. 

Thom.  Pope  Blount. 

Anglus  Eques  Auratus. 

A  Natural  Hiftory ,  containing  many  not- 
common  Obfervations. 

Lond.  1693.  8. 

V.  p.  107. 


Johannes 


/ 


(  59  ) 


annes  Pechey. 

Anglus.  M.D. 

The  Comp  leaf  Herbal  of  Phyfcal  Plants. 
Lond.  1 694.  8. 

V.  p.  243. 

Petrus  Pomet. 

Gallus  Aromatarius  Parifienfis. 

Hijloire  Generale  des  drogues. 

Paris,  1 594.  fol. 

V.  Lib.  7.  p.  204. 

Hans  Sloane. 

M.  D.  Eq.  Aurat.  Collegii  Med.  Lond.  & 
R.  S.  Prsefes  digniflimus. 

yin  Account  of  the  Coffee  Shrub. 

Lond.  165)4.  4. 

V.  Philof.  Tranfad.  N°  208.  p.  61. 

Paulus  Hermannus. 
Saxo-Germanus.  M-  D. 

Cy  no  fur  a  Materia  Medic*. 

Argentor.  1710.  4. 

LV.  Part  i.  c.  5.  p.  1 57. 

Galand. 

Gallus.  Linguas  Arabics  Profeflor  Re¬ 
gius. 

V.  Monf.  la  Roque. 

Jacobus  Vanierus. 

Gallus.  E  Soc.  Jefu. 

Columb a  &  Hites  five  pradium  Ruficum. 
Paris,  1 696.  8. 

V.  Lib.  8.  p.  156. 

Leonhardus  Plunknet. 

Anglus.  M.  D. 

Almagefium  Botanicum. 

Lond.  1696.  fol. 

Nicolaus  Lemery. 

Gallus.  M.  D. 

Traitte  'Vniverfille  des  Drogues  Simples. 
Paris,  155)8.  4to. 

V.  p.  lie;. 


Calparus  Commelinus. 

Batavus  Botanices  Profeflor  Amftslsda- 
menfis. 

Catalogus  PlantarumVfualium  Horti  Am- 
fieUdamenfs. 

Amftel.  i5p8.  8. 

Johannes  Houghton. 

<■  Anglus.  F.  R.S. 

A  Difcourfe  of  Coffee. 

Lond.  1699  410. 

V.  Philof.  Tranfad.  N°z5<5.  p.311. 

Du  Mont. 

Gallus. 

Hoy  ages  en  Turquie ,  &c. 

Hag.  Com.  1699.  8. 

V.  V0I.4.  p.71,  &c. 

Ludov.  Lemery. 

Gallus.  M.  D. 

A  Treatife  of  Foods  in  general tr  an  fated 
from  the  French. 

Lond.  1705.  8. 

V.  p.  31 6.  Edit.  Gall.  1702. 

Chriftianus  Johan.  Langius. 

Germanus. 

Lettiones  de  Materia  Medica. 

Lipf.  1704.  fol. 

V.  p.  389. 

i  \  ,  ■, • 

Jofeph.  Pitton  Tournefort. 

Aqui  fextrenfis.  M.  D.  &  Botanices  Pro- 
feffor  Parifienfis. 

Traitte  de  la  Adatiere  Medicale. 

Paris,  17 1 7.  2  Vol.  8. 

V.  Vol.  2.  p.  5)8. 

Samuel  Dale. 

Anglus.  Pharmacopsus  Brantrienfis. 

Supplementum  Pharmacologi <t. 

Lond.  1710.  8. 

V.  p.  491. 

Joh.  Baptifla  Chomel. 

Gallus.  M.D. 

Abrege  de  V  hifloire  des  plantes  uftelles. 

Paris.  1712.  8. 

V.  p.  243. 


Nicolaus 


Nicolaus 


(60) 


W 


La  Roque. 


Vv*1' 


Gallus.  M.D. 

Trait  tides  Aliment  dtt  Cart  me. 

Paris,  1713.  2  Vol.  8. 

V.  Vol.  2.  p.  367. 

Johannes  Chriflophor.  Volka- 
merus. 

Germanus.  M.  D. 


Gallus. 


Voyage  de  l' Arable  Heureufe-,  avec  un  me¬ 
moir  e  c oncer nant  /’  Arbre  dr  le  fruit  du  Cafe 
dr  #«  traite  hijlorique  de  1’ Origins  dr  du  Pro 
gres  du  Cafe.  <*■ 

Amftel.  1716.  8. 


Michael  Bernardus  Valentini. 


EjiftoU  d,  Gelftmim  Arabic,  fiuSlum  Archiater  HeflIacus-&  Med.  Prof.  Gieflen- 
Cafe  ferente  Ar bore,  data  1714.  r- 

V.  Academ.  Csefareo-Leopoldinx  Ephem.  1S- 


Cent.4.  Obf.  168.  p.  378. 
Noriberg.  1715.  4. 

Richardus  Bradley. 

Anglus.  Botan.  Prof.  Cantab.  R.  S.  S. 

A  (loort  hifiorical  Account  of  Coffee. 
Lond.  1 2  mo. 


Hijloria  Simplicium  reformata . 
Francof.  ad  *  len.  1716.  fol. 
V.  L.  2.  Se<ft.  5.  c.  2.  p.  1514. 


Johannes  Quincy. 


Anglus.  M.  D.  *  A 

p  A  compleat  Englifh  Difpenfatory. 

New  Improvements  of  Planting  and  Gar -  Lond.  1718.  8. 
dening.  V.  p.  83. 

Lond.  1718.  8. 
y.  Edit.  4.  p.  389. 

The  Virtue  w  vfi  cf  Coffee,  «**  r%urd  Hermamius  Bocrlmve. 

Cf  ’id'  ft  Eatavus.  Med.  Botan.  &  Chem.  Prof. 

'  Lugd.  Batavus. 

Monthly  Treatifcs  of  Husbandry  and  Gar-  Index  alter  plant  arum  qua  in  Horto  Lug- - 
dening.  duno  Batavo  aluntur. 

Ibid.  1724.  3  Vol.  8.  Lugd.  Bat.  1720.  4. 

V.  Vol.  3.  July,  p.  6 5.  Auguft,  p.  161.  V.  Part  2.  p.  117. 

Appendix  to  the  New  Improvements  in 
Planting  ■  nd  Gardening. 

Ibid.  1726.  8. 

V.  p.  63,  70. 


Antqnius  de  Juffieu. 


Jolephus  Miller. 

Anglus,  Pharmacop$us  Londinenfis. 

Botanicum  officinale  1  or3  a  compendious 
Herbal. 


Gallus.  Botan.  Prof.  Parifie*  f.  celeberrimus.  L°nd.  1722.  8 

V.  p.  144. 

Hifioire  du  Cafe ,  An.  1715. 

V.  M emoires  de  1’  Academie  Royale,  1713. 

Amftelod.  1717.  8.  p.  388. 


Fontenelle. 

Gallus,  Acad.  Reg.  a  Secretis. 

Obfervation  Botanique. 

V.  Memoires  de  1’ Academie,  1716. 
Amftelod.  1719.  p.  42. 


Georgius  Cheyne. 

Scotus.  M.  D. 

Trail  at  us  de  Infirmorum  fanitate  tuendd , 
vitaque  producenda. 

Lond.  1726'.  8. 

V.  p.  8tf,  87. 


V 

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