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LIBRARY

OF THE

(AN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY FOR NOTTINGHAMSHIRE,)

1908.

Vol. XII.

EDITED BY THE

REV. JOHN STANDISH, B.A.

Vicar of Scarrington-with-Aslockton,

Notts.

NOTTINGHAM :

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY

BY COOKE & VOWLES, " THE THOROTON PRESS,"

WHEELER GATE.

1909.

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TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

THOROTON SOCIETY,

1908.

THE MONASTERY SEAL, BEAUVALE CHARTERHOUSE.

PRIOR WARTYR'S SEAL, BEAUVALE CHARTERHOUSE.

{Transactions

OF THE

{Tboroton Society,

(AN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY FOR NOTTINGHAMSHIRE,)

1908.

Vol. XII.

EDITED BY THE

REV. JOHN STANDISH, B.A.,

Vicar of Scarrington-with-Aslockton,
Notts.

NOTTINGHAM :

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY

BY COOKE & VOWLES, "THE THOROTON PRESS,'

WHEELER GATE.

1909.

Contents.

^Transactions.

Page

Officials of the Society ... ... ... ... ix

Objects of the Society ... ... ... ... x

Notice to Members ... ... ... ... xi

Society's Library ... ... ... ... xii

List of Members ... ... ... ... xiii

Summer Excursion ... ... ... ... 1

LOWDHAM CHURCH ... ... ... ... 2

LOWDHAM HALL ... ... ... ... 6

WOODBOROUGH CHURCH ... ... ... 7

LAMBLEY CHURCH ... ... ... ... 19

EPPERSTONE CHURCH AND MANORS ... ... 21

OXTON AND ITS CHURCH ... ... ... 24

OXTON, OLDOX CAMP ... ... ... 29

CALVERTON CHURCH ... ... ... ... 31

Autumn Excursion ... ... ... ... 38

MARGIDUNUM ... ... ... ... 38

CAR COLSTON CHURCH ... ... ... 47

SCREVETON CHURCH ... ... ... ... 55

BRUNSELL HALL 63

Supplement

Beauvale Charterhouse ... ... ... ... 69

By the Rev. A. Du BOULAY HILL and Mr. HARRY GILL

The Old Streets of Nottingham ... ... ... 95

By Mr. JAMES GRANGER

The Descendants of Dr. Robert Thoroton... ... 125

By Mr. WILLIAM STEVENSON

Report of the Council ... ... ... ... 137

Statement of Accounts ... ... ... 141

Thoroton Memorial Subscription List ... ... 144

Beauvale Subscription List ... ... ... 145

Societies in Union ... ... ... ... 146

Index 147

^lustrations.

Beauvale Seals
Interior of Lowdham Church
Effigy, Lowdham Church
Plan „ „

Pont „ „

Woodborough Church

>» » ••• •••

Interior, Woodborough Church

Plan „ „

Mural Tablet

Communion Table „ „

Lambley Church

Plan

Interior „

Epperstone Church

Interior, Oxton Church

Effigy

Plan of Oldox Camp

Capital, Calverton Church

Plan

Carvings „ „

Norman Porch „

Carvings „ „

Margidunum, Water Pipe

Plan of Margidunum

Margidunum, Roman Remains

»> I? » •••

„ Key and Fibula

Thoroton Brass
Car Colston, Thoroton Tablet
Plan, Screveton Church

Font „ „

Misericord „ „

Whalley Monument, Screveton Church

Certificate of Exemption

Frontispiece

to face page

page 4

... to face page 4

page 9

... to face page 10

page 12

... to face page 19

page 19

... to face page 20

page 28

... to face page 31

page 32

... to face page 32

page 34

... to face page 34

page 40

... to face page 43

page 46
47
50'

... to face page 55
57
58
59
60

J»

Ancient Keys ... ... ... page 61

Sacring Bell, Screveton ... ... ,, 62

Exterior, Brunsell Hall ... ... to face page 63

Interior ,, 65

JHustrattons to Supplement

BEAUVALE — Priory Church ... ... to face page 69

„ Doorway and Hatch ... ... page 69

„ General View ... ... to face page 71

Cell page 74

Plan of Cell ... ... „ 75

„ Staircase Doorway ... . . . to face page 78

Small Cloister ... .:. „ 81

Base of Angle Shaft ... „ 82

Prior's Court ... ... „ 85

„ Fragments of Pottery ... page 89

Tiles ... ... ... „ 90, 91

„ Medallions ... ... ... „ 92

„ Manor Farm ... ... to face page 92

St. Peter's Gate, Nottingham, 1870 ... „ 96

Arms of Turner ... ... ... page 130

Turner Monument ... ... ... ,, 132

Arms of Browne ... „ 135

^Iboroton Society

AN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY FOR NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.

Ipresi&ent :

HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF PORTLAND, K.G., G.C.V.O.

THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL MANVERS

THE RIGHT REV. THE LORD BISHOP OF SOUTHWELL

THE RIGHT HON. LORD BELPER, D.C.L.

THE RIGHT HON. LORD SAVILE

THE HON. SIR M. I. JOYCE

THE VERY REV. R. GREGORY, D.D., DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S, LONDON

THE RIGHT HON. JOHN E. ELLIS, M.P.

ALDERMAN SIR E. H. FRASER, KT., D.C.L.

SIR S. G. JOHNSON, KT.

W. P. W. PHILLIMORE, Esq., M.A., B.C.L.

WILLIAM STEVENSON, Esq.

Council :

THE REV. ATWELL M. Y. BAYLAY, M.A.

T. M. BLAGG, Esq., F.S.A.

J. POTTER BRISCOE, Esq., F.R.L.S.

FREDK. W. DOBSON, Esq.

HARRY GILL, Esq.

THE REV. A. Du BOULAY HILL, M.A.

ALDERMAN ROBERT MELLORS, C.C.

T. DAVIES PRYCE, M.D.

MAJOR G. C. ROBERTSON

F. A. WADSWORTH, Esq.

G. H. WALLIS, Esq., F.S.A.
JAMES WARD, Esq.

1bon. {Treasurer :

J. C. WARREN, Esq., M.A., Weekday Cross, Nottingham

1bon. BDftorial Secretary :

REV. JOHN STANDISH, B.A., Scarrington Vicarage, Nottingham

1bon. General Secretary? :

GEORGE FELLOWS, Esq., Beeston Fields, Nottingham

1bon. librarian:

JAMES WARD Esq., South Parade, Nottingham

1bon. Hufcftors :

HENRY ASHWELL, Esq. WILLIAM BRADSHAW, Esq.

T. G. MELLORS, Esq.

©bjects of tbe Society are :

I. — To promote, generally, the study of the History and
Antiquities of the Shire.*

II. — To print ancient records relative to the County, and an
annual illustrated volume of Transactions, containing
accounts of the Society's Meetings and Papers
relating to the Antiquities of the County.

III. — Local Meetings and Excursions to places of interest
in the County or vicinity.

*e,g. — Prehistoric and Roman Antiquities, Ecclesiastical, Military,
and Domestic Architecture, Heraldry, Brasses, Church Bells,
Monumental Inscriptions (which are nearly all unrecorded),
Ancient Wills in the Probate Registries at York and Nottingham,
Inquisitiones Post Mortem, Marriage Licenses, Church Goods,
Feet of Fines, Monastic Chartularies, etc.

Germs of flDembersbtp,

Annual Subscription, 12s. 6d., Entrance Fee, on election,
12s. 6d.; Life Membership, by payment of 12s. 6d. on election,
together with a Composition Fee of £6 6s.

IRottce to flDembers,

The Annual Subscription of 12/6 is due on the 1st of
January in each year, and may be paid to the Hon. Treasurer
or to the account of the Society at the Capital and Counties
Bank, Ltd., Carlton Street, Nottingham. Members are
reminded that a punctual payment saves much trouble to
the Treasurer, whose work is honorary ; and also enables the
Society to meet its obligations punctually.

A copy of the Transactions will not be forwarded to any
member whose subscription for the year is unpaid.

The Council has the power to remove from the list of
subscribing members the name of any member whose sub-
scription is three years in arrear.

Members are requested to communicate any change of
address to the Hon. General Secretary ; also to call his
attention to any inaccuracy or omission in the list of mem-
bers, which appears in each year's Transactions.

The Hon. Editorial Secretary will be glad to receive
papers suitable for publication in the Transactions, and early
information of any discovery of an antiquarian nature in the
County.

Xll

"Regulations

FOR THE USE OF THE

IRoom anb Xibrarp,

(Tboroton Cbambers, Sufclesnutb (Bate*

1. — The room shall be open for the use of members
every day, except Sundays and public holidays, during
the following hours: —

SATURDAYS ... 11 a.m. to 2 p.m.
OTHER DAYS ... 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.

2. — Members visiting the room must use the side-
entrance door (in Bottle Lane), and ring the caretaker's
bell near the door of the room on the first floor landing
for admission.

3. — Members visiting the room must sign their names
in the Visitors' Book.

4. — No books belonging to the Society may be re-
moved from the room, and all books used must be re-
placed on the book-shelves by the members using them.

5. — Members on leaving must lock the door and
return the key to the caretaker.

6. — Any enquiries or suggestions with regard to the
library should be made to the Hon. Librarian, Mr.
James Ward, South Parade.

%tet of flDembers,

1908.

t Life Members.

* Honorary Member.

ALLEN, W. C. HANWELL, White House, Little Brington, Northampton

ALLEN, Mrs., Bramcote, Nottingham

ANDERSON, JOSEPH, Meadow Road, Beeston, Nottingham

ANDERSON, Mrs. JOSEPH, Meadow Road, Beeston, Nottingham

ANDERSON, J. R., Bruno House, Beeston, Nottingham

APPLEBY, Dr. F. H., Barnby Gate, Newark

ASHWELL, HENRY, J.P., 117, Waterloo Crescent, Nottingham

fAxKiN, PERCY F., 6, Douglas Road, Nottingham

BARLOW, A. PRATT, St. Olaves, West Bridgford, Nottingham
BATTEN, Miss JESSIE, Western House School, Nottingham
BAYLAY, Rev. ATWELL M. Y., Thurgarton Vicarage, Nottingham
BAYLEY, T. HAROLD, Langar Hall, Notts.

BEARDSMORE, JOHN H., The Cottage, Hucknall Torkard, Nottingham
BELL, JAMES, Edwalton, Nottingham

BELPER, Right Hon. Lord, D.C.L., D.L., J.P., Kingston, Derby
BIRKIN, SIR T. I., Bart., D.L., J.P., Ruddington Grange, Nottingham
fBLAGG, THOS. M., F.S.A., Little Carlton, Newark
BLAKE, A. E., J.P., Elm Bank, Nottingham
BODLEIAN LIBRARY, Oxford
BONSER, GEO. G., Kirkstede, Sutton-in-Ashfield
BOURNE, SAML., J.P., Brightlands, The Park, Nottingham
BOWLES, CHAS. E. B., J.P., Nether House, Wirksworth
BRADSHAW, WILLIAM, Carisbrooke House, The Park, Nottingham
BRADWELL, J. H., J.P., Hawksworth, Notts.
BRAMLEY, JOHN, 13, Burns Street, Nottingham
BRIOGS, J. W., Southey Street, Nottingham
BRIGHT, ARTHUR, 1, Pepper Street, Nottingham
BRIGHT, Sir JOSEPH, J.P., 1, Pepper Street, Nottingham
BRISCOE, J. POTTER, F.R.S.L., 38, Addison Street, Nottingham
BRISTOWE, C. J., Shire Hall, Nottingham
BRODHURST, Rev. F., Heath Vicarage, Chesterfield
BROMLEY HOUSE LIBRARY, Nottingham

BROWN, H. J. (Messrs. Stevens & Brown), 4, Trafalgar Square,
London

XIV

BROWN, J. A., 5, Bridlesmith Gate, Nottingham

BRUCB, Lady, Clifton Hall, Nottingham

BRYAN, J. E., City Accountant, Nottingham

BURKE, H. FARNHAM, Somerset Herald, Heralds' College, B.C.

BURTON, FRANK E., Ruddington House, Nottingham

BURTON, G. A., The Bungalow, Lenton Road, The Park, Nottingham

BURTON, JOSEPH, Malvern House, Mapperley Road, Nottingham

BURTON, Rev. R. JOWETT, Hughley Rectory, near Shrewsbury

BUXTON, A. E. Ravenscroft, Mansfield

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, Cambridge

CAMPION, Ed., W. Mapperley Hall Drive, Nottingham

fCARNARVON, The Dowager Countess of, Pixton Park, Dulverton

CARTER, Miss M. C., East Bridgford Manor, Nottingham

CATOR, Rev. Canon, W.L.B., Eakring Rectory, Newark

CHICKEN, THOMAS, 20, Bentinck Road, Nottingham

COKAYNE, GEORGE E., F.S.A., Clarencieux King of Arras, Heralds'

College, London, E.G.

COKE, G. ELMSLEY, 24, The Ropewalk, Nottingham
COLLINSON, Rev. CHRISTOPHER B., Laxton Vicarage, Newark
COMMANS, JOHN E., Macaulay House, Bath

COOKE, W. B., 110, Musters Road, West Bridgford, Nottingham
COOPER, HENRY A., 71, Musters Road, West Bridgford
COPNALL, H. HAMPTON, Shire Hall, Nottingham
t CORNER, SAML., Waverley Street, Nottingham
CRISP, F. A., F.S.A., Grove Park Press, 270, Walworth Road,

London, S.E.

CUCKSON, MEREDITH, Burton Joyce, Nottingham
fCuRTis, C. CONSTABLE, J.P., South Collingham, Newark
CURTIS, Lieut.-Col. R. S., D.S.O., C.M.G., R.E., 9, Carlton Terrace,

Edinburgh
CURTIS, SPENCER H., 24, Longridge Road, Earl's Court, London, S.W.

DAWSON, WILLIAM, J.P., Magdala Road, Nottingham

DEAN, CHAS., 1, Colville Street, Nottingham

DENISON, W. E., J.P., D.L., Ossington Hall, Newark

DENISON, Col. HENRY, J.P., Eaton Hall, Retford

DENMAN, ARTHUR, F.S.A., 29, Cranley Gardens, Kensington, S.W.

DENMAN, T. HERCY, Church Gate, Retford

IDEVONSHIRE, His Grace the Duke of, Chatsworth House, Chesterfield

DOBSON, F. W., J.P., Castle Grove, Nottingham

DODSLEY, Mrs., North Muskham Grange, Newark

DUFF, Dr. C. H., East Bridgford, Nottingham

DUKE, G. J., 45, Sherwin Street, Nottingham

EDGAR, WM., 48, Arboretum Street, Nottingham
EDGE, THOS. L. K., J.P., Strelley Hall, Nottingham
ELAND, JOHN, 12, New Court, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C.
ELLIS, F. N., J.P., Debdale Hall, Mansfield

ELLIS, the Right Hon. J. E., M.P., J.P., Wrea Head, Scalby, Scar-
borough

ENFIELD, H. H., Bramcote, Nottingham
EVANS, ROBERT, J.P., South Road, The Park, Nottingham
EVANS, ROBERT, Junr., Lenton Road, The Park, Nottingham

FELLOWS, Lieut. -Col. C. F., 15, Great Cumberland Place, Hyde Park,

London, W.

FELLOWS, GEORGE, J.P., Beeston Fields, Nottingham
FELLOWS, HENRY, 8, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
FiTzHuGH, RICHARD, J.P., Clumber Crescent, The Park, Nottingham
FLERSHEIM, ALBERT, 13, Pelham Crescent, The Park, Nottingham
FORMAN, JAMES, Cavendish Crescent North, The Park, Nottingham
FORMAN, Mrs. JAS., Cavendish Crescent North, The Park, Nottingham
FOSTER, Mrs., Glendower, The Park, Nottingham
FOWLER, GEO., J.P., Basford Hall, Nottingham
FRANCKLIN, J. LIELL, J.P., Gonalston, Nottingham
FRANKS, A. H., J.P., 2, Park Drive, Nottingham
FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY, South Sherwood Street, Nottingham
FRASER, E. H. Sir, D.C.L., J.P., 1, Arundel Street, Park Side,

Nottingham
FULLMER, Rev. H. G., 20, St. Saviourgate, York

GASCOYNE, ALEXANDER, 45, Bingham Road, Sherwood

GASCOYNE, GEORGE F., Ashleigh, Sherwood, Nottingham

GEE, HENRY, 5, Newcastle Drive, The Park, Nottingham

GERRING, CHAS., F.R.H.S., Westdale Villa, Gedling, Nottingham

GILL, HARRY, Cobden Chambers, Pelham Street, Nottingham

GILL, S. E., M.D., 96, Mansfield Road, Nottingham

GILSON, JULIUS P., British Museum, London, W.C.

GLEAVE, WM. RICHARD, West Bridgford, Nottingham

*GODFREY, J. T., Walnut Tree Lane, Nottingham

fGOLDiNG, Mrs. FLORENCE, Ashby Road, Kegworth, Derby

GOODALL, G. P., Lucknow Avenue, Nottingham

GORTON, Rev. C. R., Walesby Vicarage, Ollerton, Newark

GOUGH, Rev. T., Grammar School, Retford

GRANGER, Professor F. S., D.Lit., University College, Nottingham

GRANGER, JAMES, Ail Saints' Street, Nottingham

GREEN, Miss ANNIE, Western House School, Nottingham

GREEN, J. A. H., Pelham Terrace, The Park, Nottingham

XVI

GREGORY, The Very Rev. Dean, D.D., The Deanery, St. Paul's, E.G.
GUILDHALL LIBRARY, London, B.C.

GUILFORD, EVERARD L., 23, Lenton Avenue, The Park, Nottingham
GUILFORD, Miss SARAH, 23, Lenton Avenue, The Park, Nottingham

HALFORD, ROBERT, J.P., Magdala Road, Nottingham

HALL, Capt. MONTAGU H., J.P., Whatton Manor, Notts.

HALL, Miss M. E., 39B, Emperor's Gate, South Kensington, S.W.

HAMILTON, W. R., Alexandra Park, Nottingham

HANCOCK, Miss, Birchvvood, Magdala Road, Nottingham

HANNAH, W. J., Sherwood Rise, Nottingham

HAYWOOD, J. H., Castle Gate, Nottingham

HAYWOOD, Miss FLINTOFF E., Shrewsbury House, Alexandra Park

Nottingham

HERBERT, Miss JULIA, Moira House, Villa Road, Nottingham
HEYMANN, ALBERT, D.L., J.P., West Bridgford, Nottingham
HEYMANN, Mrs., West Bridgford, Nottingham
KICKING, W. N., J.P., Brackenhurst, Southwell
KICKING, Mrs., Brackenhurst, Southwell
HILDYARD, J. G. B. THOROTON, Dunnington Hall, York
HILL, Rev. A. Du BOULAY, East Bridgford Rectory, Nottingham
HILL, CHAS. H., J.P., Woodborough Hall, Nottingham
HILL, F. KENNETH, Scarrington, Nottingham
HILL, HENRY, Quorn House, The Ropewalk, Nottingham
HILL, THOS. A., J.P., Normanton House, Plumtree
HIND, LAWRENCE A., Fletcher Gate, Nottingham
HIND, JESSE, J.P., Edwalton, Nottingham
HIND, JESSE W., Private Road, Sherwood, Nottingham
HODGES, W. A., East Bridgford Hill, Nottingham
HODGKINSON, R. F. B., Northgate, Newark
HOLDEN, Mrs., Nuttall Temple, Nottingham

HORE, G. E., Victoria Crescent, Private Road, Sherwood, Nottingham
HUBE, Rev. Baron Von, Cavendish House, Fish Pond Drive, Nottingham
HUSKINSON, THOMAS W., Epperstone

JACOBY, J. H., 32, The Ropewalk, Nottingham

JEVONS, F. B., Litt.D., Hatfield Hall, Durham

JOHNSON, S. W., J.P., Lenton House, The Park, Nottingham

JOHNSON, Sir SAMUEL G., Kt., The Park, Nottingham

JOYCE, Hon. Sir M. I. Justice, 16, Great Cumberland Place, London, W.

LAING, GEO. D., Holme Lea, The Park, Nottingham
LAYCOCK, Rev. W., Oxton Vicarage, Southwell
LE-MARCHANT, Col. E., Colston Bassett Hall, Nottingham
LINNEY, JOHN, Sherwood House, Mansfield

XV11

MACHIN, A. V., 7, Deepdene, Filey, Yorks.

MACKIE, Dr. JOHN, 14, Regent Street, Nottingham

MACPHERSON, A., Magdala Road, Nottingham

McCRAiTH, DOUGLAS, South Road, The Park, Nottingham

MANVERS, The Right Hon. the Earl, Thoresby Park, Newark

MASON, W. H., J.P., Morton Hall, Retford

MASON, CHARLES, The Elms, Beeston

MECHANICS' INSTITUTION, Nottingham

MELLISH, Lt.-Col. H., D.L., J.P., Hodsock Priory, Worksop

MELLOR, EDWIN, Addison House, Nottingham

MELLORS, ROBT., 10, Pelham Crescent, The Park, Nottingham

MELLORS, T. G., 5, Mapperley Road, Nottingham

MADAN, Rev. Canon, Plumtree Rectory, Nottingham

MIDDLETON, The Right Hon. Lord, J.P., D.L., Birdsall House, York

MILLAR, Dr. JAMES, Mapperley Road, Nottingham

MAHONY, PIERCE G., M.R.I. A., Cork Herald, Office of Arms, Dublin

Castle

MORLEY, Miss ALICE, 46, Addison Street, Nottingham
MORGAN, Major F. A., Old Cottage, Chilwell, Nottingham
MOORE, Rev. A. K., Grove Rectory, Retford
MUSTERS, Mrs. CHAWORTH, Wiverton Hall, Bingham, Notts.

NEALE, F. W., Lyndhurst, Mansfield
NEED, Miss, Mansfield Woodhouse, Mansfield
NEWCASTLE, His Grace the Duke of, D.L., Clumber, Notts.
NICHOLSON, Col. E. H., J.P., Newark

OAKDEN, WILLIAM, The Square, East Retford

OLDACRES, Miss ALICE, 383, Mansfield Road, Nottingham

O'RoRKE, G. S., LL.D., Albion Chambers, King Street, Nottingham

OSCROFT, SAM. W., 27, Chaucer Street, Nottingham

OTTER, R. C., J.P., Royston Manor, Clayworth, Retford

OXENHAM, Rev. G. W., Winthorpe, Newark-on-Trent

PAGE, SAMUEL, F.R.N.S., 13, Vickers Street, Nottingham
PALMER, THOS. E., Newstead House, St. James's Street, Nottingham
PHILLIMORE, W. P. W., M.A., B.C.L., 124, Chancery Lane, London
PICKERILL, F. R., Exleigh, Winchester Street, Sherwood, Nottingham
PIGGFORD, JONATHAN, Teversal Grange, Mansfield
PIGGIN, T. STANLEY, 131, Nottingham Road, Basford, Nottingham
PINE, H. W. P., Chaucer Street, Nottingham
PLAYER, J. D., J.P., Alexandra Park, Nottingham
PLAYER, W. G., J.P., Lentonhurst, Nottingham

PORTLAND, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., G.C.V.O., Welbeck Abbey,
Worksop

XV111

PORTER, F. C., 12, Oxford Street, Nottingham

POTTER, Rev. S. P., East Leake Rectory, Loughborough

POYSER, JOHN R., Queen's Chambers, Nottingham

PRIOR, Rev. Canon, The Vicarage, Mansfield

PRYCE, Dr. T. DAVIES, 64, Clarendon Street, Nottingham

RADFORD, JOHN T., F.R.H.S., Mechanics' Institution, Nottingham

RADFORD, F. R., J.P., Cedar Lodge, The Park, Nottingham

RADFORD, W. ERNEST, Cedar Lodge, The Park, Nottingham

RANSOM, D'OYLEY S., Low Pavement, Nottingham

RICHARDSON, The Ven. Archdeacon JOHN, The Residence, Southwell

ROBERTSON, Major G. C., J.P., Widmerpool, Nottingham

ROE, HERBERT C., 5, Magdala Road, Nottingham

ROGERS, JOHN, F.R.M.S., 4, Tennyson Street, Nottingham

ROLLESTON, Col. L., D.S.O., J.P., Watnall Hall, Nottingham

RUSSELL, HENRY, Lloyds Bank, Nottingham

RUSSELL, JOHN, 328, Mansfield Road, Nottingham

SANDS, HAROLD, F.S.A., Bernersmede, Carlisle Road, Eastbourne

fSAViLE, The Right Hon. Lord, J.P., Rufford Abbey, Newark

SAXTON, H. B., King Street, Nottingham

SCORER, WILLIAM, Bank Street Chambers, Lincoln

SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, Rev. C. E., Blyth Vicarage, Rotherham

SEELY, Sir Charles, Bart., J.P., D.L., Sherwood Lodge, Nottingham

SELBY, JAMES, Pelham Street, Nottingham

SILVESTER, T. G., 38, George Street, Worksop.

SIMPSON, J. A., 64, Redcliffe Crescent, Mapperley Road, Nottingham

SMITH, Miss FRANCES, 5, Hardy Street, Nottingham

SMITH, F. N., 5, Hardy Street, Nottingham

SMITH, Mrs., F. C., Bramcote Hall, Nottingham

SMITH, ISAAC, J.P., Hickling Lodge, Keyworth

SMITH, J. HARLEY, 9, Bridgford Road, West Bridgford

SOUTHWELL, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of, Bishops Manor, Southwell

SPALDING, J. T., J.P., 22, Villa Road, Nottingham

STANDISH, Rev. JOHN, Scarrington Vicarage, Nottingham

STARR, W. B., J.P., 18, Baker Street, Nottingham

STEVENSON, PHILIP H., Mapperley Road, Nottingham

STEVENSON, W., East Leigh, Mansfield Road, Alfreton

STEVENSON, W. HENRY, M.A., St. John's College, Oxford

STONE, EDWARD, Radcliffe-on-Trent

STORY, Col. W. F., C.B., The Forest, Nottingham

STRUTT, Hon. F., J.P., Milford House, Derby

SUMMERS, L. G., 15, George Street, Nottingham

SWANN, Rev. T. W., Orston Vicarage, Notts.

XIX

THORPE, JOHN, Brantwood, Harlaxton Drive, Nottingham

THORPE, W. B., Lenton House, Nottingham

THORPE, Mrs. W. B., Lenton House, Nottingham

TINKLER, Rev. JOHN, Caunton Vicarage, Newark

TOPHAM, J. R., 11, Newcastle Drive, Nottingham

TORR, C. HAWLEY, F.I.D., 35, Burlington Road, Sherwood, Nottingham

TURNER, T. WARNER, Langwith Lodge, Mansfield

WADSVVORTH, F. A., 15, Weekday Cross, Nottingham

WADSWORTH, Mrs. WALTER, 3, Park Valley, Nottingham

WALLIS, G. HARRY, F.S.A., The Castle, Nottingham

WALTER, Miss, Nuttall Lodge, Nottingham

WARD, ARTHUR, South Parade, Nottingham

fWARD, JAMES, South Parade, Nottingham

WARD, WM. SQUIRE, 28, Park Terrace, Nottingham

WARRAND, Major-General, W. E., R.E., Westhorpe, Southwell

WARREN, J. C., Weekday Cross, Nottingham

WATTS, Rev. A. HUNTER, Lenton Vicarage, Nottingham

WHITAKER, B. S., J.P., Hesley Hall, Tickhill, Rotherham

WHITBREAD, RICHARD, Carlton, Nottingham

f WHITE, Sir ARCHIBALD WOOLLASTON, Bart., The Castle, Tickhill,

Rotherham

WHITE, HARROP JOHN, Mansfield
WHITE, Miss M. H. TOWRY, Walton Hall, Kelso, N.B.
WIGLEY, GEORGE, J.P., Mapperley Road, Nottingham
WILLIAMS, Rev. H. L., Bleasby Vicarage, Nottingham
WILDE, RALPH A., Burlington Road, Sherwood, Nottingham
WINDLEY, Rev. H. C., St. Chad's, Bensham, Gateshead-on-Tyne
WINDLEY, Rev. T. W., All Saint's Vicarage, Nottingham
WINDLEY, JOHN W., 437, Mansfield Road, Nottingham
WING, JOHN W., 136, Mansfield Road, Nottingham
WIGLEY, GEORGE, J.P., Mapperley Road, Nottingham
WOOLLEY, T. C. SMITH, South Collingham, Newark
WRIGHT, J. KENTISH, J.P., 9, Newcastle Drive, Nottingham
WYLES, HARRY, The Court, Cropwell Butler, Notts.

The Hon. General Secretary will be glad to be notified
should there be any inaccuracy or omission in the above list.

{Transactions of

ftboroton Society

1908.

Summer lEycursicm,

Oxton district was chosen for the Society s
Summer Excursion in 1908. The journey was
made mainly by brake from Nottingham ; some few
members from Newark and from the south side of the
Trent, joining the brakes at Lowdham. The day,1 Tues-
day, June i6th, was not one of the finest, and covered
brakes proved a great boon and added much to the
shelter and comfort of members. Amongst those present
were the Mayor of Nottingham (Councillor J. T. Spalding),
the Hon. Frederick Strutt, the Revs. Atwell M. Y.
Baylay, T. F. Collins, A. Du Boulay Hill, and W.
Laycock, Messrs. T. M. Blagg, J. Bell, G. G. Bonser, W.
Bradshaw, F. W. Dobson, G. F. Gascoyne, James
Granger, W. R. Hamilton, J. H. Haywood, G. E. Hore,
S. W. Johnson, Dr. J. Mackie, F. A. Morgan, J. Page,
Dr. Davies Pryce, Aid. R. Mellors, J. Selby, C. H. Torr,
F. A. Wadsworth, and the Rev. J. Standish and Mr.
George Fellows (Secretaries).

At St. Mary's Church, Lowdham, which was reached LOWDHAM
soon after 10 a.m., the Rev. Atwell M. Y. Baylay read
the following paper.

LOWDHAM CHURCH.
BY THE REV. A. M. Y. BAYLAY.

The oldest part of this church as we now see it is
certainly the tower, which appears to belong to the latter part
of the 12th century. It would seem that, when first erected,
it stood clear of the then existing church, which was probably
of timber. The whole of the tower is of one date, but the
spire is a later addition, probably of the 14th century, and it
may be that its weight was the cause of the tower cracking, —
to counteract which the large western buttresses were added
in 1821, and more recent repairs have also been found
necessary. Observe the boldly projecting base-course to the
east, an indication of the tower having once been a detached
building ; the plain unchamfered tower arch, and the way in
which the vise in the south-west corner is squinched off
within the tower, an unusual feature.

Next in order of date would come the original stone
chancel and its side-chapel, built probably very early in the
13th century. But this original chancel has totally dis-
appeared, and nothing remains but the beautiful arcade of two
bays, by which the side-chapel opened into it. The side-
chapel has gone also, with the exception of its western wall,
which, once external, now forms the east wall of the north
aisle of the nave. The external base-course is still visible
there, and the trace of the slope of the lean-to roof. When
the nave subsequently came to have side aisles, an arch was
opened through into the chapel. It will be seen that this
arch is cut straight through the base-course. A modern
vestry was erected on the site of the chapel about the year
1860, I believe. For a long time previous to that date the
arcade had been walled-up.

To this original chancel, or to its side-chapel, belongs
the fine recumbent effigy of Sir John de Lowdham. The
inscription reads: SIR • ION • DE • LOVDHAM • GIT •
ICI • DE • SA • ALME • DEVS • EYT • MERCI.

The chancel was rebuilt, very probably on a larger scale,
in the 14th century. There is a plain square recess just east

EFFIGY, LOVVDHAM CHURCH.

of the arcade above mentioned. Its position, so far from the
east end, suggests that it may have belonged to an earlier,
and shorter, chancel. The piece of grotesque stone carving
placed in it has apparently formed part of a gargoyle. There
remains the head of a plain piscina, but the water drain has
been removed. Unfortunately, about fifteen years ago, the
chancel was repaired and in great part re-built, and the
original east window was then wantonly destroyed. It was
similar in character to the east window at Gonalston, but
somewhat larger. It was replaced by a new window copied
from the east window of the south aisle of the nave, — how
badly copied, a comparison of the detail will shew. The very
unsatisfactory battlemented parapet of the chancel is of the
same date. There is an arched low-side window in the most
usual position, the south-west corner of the chancel. Its
character confirms the view that these windows were simply
made for the purpose of giving a better light to the priest as
he sat in his stall, an object which this particular window no
longer fulfils, owing to the heavy coloured and ugly modern
stained glass with which it has been filled.

The fine incised monumental slab of a priest, once in the
centre of the chancel floor, now in its south wall, deserves
special notice. The chasuble is of ample size, and reaches
down to the feet behind. The arrangement of the orphreys
is peculiar, the so-called Y cross being repeated at the lower
part of the front in an inverted position. There is no doubt
that these orphreys merely concealed joinings in the material
of the vestment. The apparel of the alb in front is set some
distance up from the bottom hem ; this is unusual. The
stole is somewhat short, and almost entirely concealed by the
chasuble. The maniple is evidently thrown loosely over the
left arm, and not fastened. A chalice and a missal appear on
either side of the priest's head, as emblems of his calling.
The date, to judge by the details of the tabernacle work, and
the style of the remaining lettering at the foot of the slab,
does not seem to be earlier than the beginning of the 15th
century.

LOWDHAM
CHURCH

There are many stones in memory of the Broughtons,
who for a long period inhabited the Hall at Lowdham, and a
brass placed by Mr. Foljambe in memory of the family of De
Lowdham, who were among his ancestors.

The rebuilding of the nave with side-aisles must have
taken place before the end of the 13th century. The arcades
are not surpassed in beauty and dignity by those of any
village church in the county. The shafts are filleted, and the
nail-head moulding occurs in one of the capitals. The bases are
spread out so as to serve as make-shift seats for the weak and
aged, before benches in the naves of churches had become
usual. The font may be considered as of the same date.
Note the varied foliage in the canopies, and the heads on
which their angles rest.

i-i

The side-aisles preserve their original width, and that on
the south its original outer wall and south door. On the
eastern jamb of this door is a small but well-cut cross. The
wooden door is dated, twice over, 1641, and the outer gates of
the porch may be of the same date, but the porch itself has
been rebuilt in modern times.

In all other respects the side-aisles have undergone great
changes The wall of the south aisle has been raised, and
more lofty windows substituted for those originally there.
This has been done by the middle of the 14th. century at

FONT, LOWDHAM CHURCH.

latest. The original pitch of the lean-to roof of this aisle LOWDHAM
can be traced on the outside of its western wall. The north
aisle was entirely rebuilt, with the exception of its east wall,
about the end of the same century. On this east wall, inside
the aisle, can be traced the slope of the roof of the original
north side-aisle, above that of the roof of the side-chapel of
the chancel, as already noted. The sill of the north door is
about 3ft. above the floor of the aisle, and seems always to
have been so. The sill is formed of a 13th century stone
coffin lid with an incised cross. Both side-aisles have had
chapels at their east ends, of" which the piscinas remain.

The question of the nave roof is of some interest. The
nave had at first no clerestory. The line of the original roof
can be traced on the east wall of the tower within the church.
But there seems to have been added a clerestory of an earlier
date than that now existing, of lower elevation, and sur-
mounted by a high-pitched roof. We may conjecture that
this was done in connection with the alteration of the south
aisle. The pitch of this roof is clearly marked on the tower,
above the present roof, and, to make room for it, the belfry
window was actually reconstructed higher up. No doubt the
fact of the village lying wholly to the east of the church
rendered it important that the belfry opening on this side
should not be blocked. The existing clerestory is not earlier
than the end of the 15th century or the beginning of the 16th.
The roof originally belonging to it was of slightly lower pitch
than the present one, as may be seen at the east end, over
the chancel roof.

1 have not come across any remains of altar-slabs in the
church, and there is no trace left of the rood-loft or the
approach to it.

There are five bells. One was recast in 1907. The
others are dated 1614, 1614, 1676, and 1705.

The parish registers are complete from the first year of
Elizabeth, and are in excellent preservation and condition.

LOWDHAM HALL.
BY REV. JOHN STANDISH.

On leaving the church, the excursion party walked on to
Lowdham Old Hall, the residence of Mr. J. S. Kirkbride, who
had kindly allowed the Society to visit his house. The front
entrance to the house is through a porch of nearly square
dimensions, its length being 7ft. 7 Jin. and its width 8ft. lin.
It has brickwork seats on either side which are furnished with
panels. The measurements of the outer and inner doorways
are 6ft. 4Jins. by 4ft. 9ins. and 5ft. 4ins. respectively. The
outer doorway, which has no door, possesses a fine oak-
moulding of the bowtell type (roll and label mould). The
inner doorway has an old oak door studded with nails
that are driven through the oak and clamped, and its
measurements are 5ft. 9in. by 3ft. Gin. The lock, bolt and
bell rope seem to be modern-antiques, but the upper hinge,
measuring 32Jin., and the handle of the door with knocker
combined, seem original. The old oak staircase is worthy
of notice. Counting from the ground floor, its steps ascend
as follows — 6, 5, 4, landing; 5, 5, 3, landing. The main
posts of the staircase are quite plain and square, while
the rail of the balustrade is finely worked and moulded and
the balusters, which are renaissance in character, are sym-
metrical along the landing, but are built aslant and out
of drawing on the ascents of the staircase. The width of the
staircase is 3ft. Sin. and the height of the posts 4ft. There is
a fine open fire place in the drawing-room with brickwork set
on either side in herring-bone fashion : and these bricks
measure 9in., 9Jin. and 9Jin. in length, and about 2Jin. in
thickness. One of the most interesting features of the house is
the heavily built chimney-stack, which measures, at the floor
of the top room, 7ft. lin. by 5ft. Gin. It probably dates from
the early years of the 17th century. One other important
item must not be omitted. The front of the house was origin-
ally decorated with plaster, stamped all over with an elliptical
shell pattern in low relief, measuring about 3in. by 2in. This
pattern is still to be seen in a state of excellent preservation

Photograph by H Gill.

WOODBOROUGH CHURCH.

in the present dairy ; and also on the kitchen wall within the
present kitchen porch, a later addition to the building. This
mode of decorating, technically known as pargetting, came
into use for the exteriors of buildings in the reign of James I.
We have not a great number of specimens remaining and these
from year to year are fast disappearing, though in some old
towns, such as Oxford and Ipswich, examples of this kind of
external treatment still linger. Timber houses of Queen
Elizabeth's time are sometimes found ornamented with ex-
ternal pargetting that has been stamped on at a later date.
The market place, Newark, possesses an example of this kind.
It has small external figures with canopies over them placed
between timbers of an earlier date.

The traditional name of this house is Broughton Hall,
and this supports the evidence as to date left to us in the house
itself. Dr. Thoroton speaks of Lowdham as being in his day
" the inheritance and residence of Peter Broughton, younger
brother of Sir Brian Broughton." The estate had been pre-
viously bought by Thomas Broughton, of Staffordshire. From
the above facts I think we may pretty safely infer that this
interesting old house is probably as old as, though not older
than the first quarter of the 17th century.

In the orchard there are plain indications of a site origin-
ally moated, but its area is so small that it cannot have been
used for military purposes. It is in all probability the site of
an older manor house. At the sale of the Broughton estate,
towards the end of last century, the manor house and land
surrounding it were bought by Mr. J. H. Bradwell, who has
since made some modern improvements and additions.

WOODBOROUGH CHURCH.

BY MR. H. GILL.

A former vicar of Woodborough, the Rev. Walter E.
Buckland, M.A., has written a very complete history of this
parish, therefore it will only be necessary on this occasion to
direct attention to the chief features of interest in connection
with this beautiful church.

CHURCH

The east end claims special attention, on account of its
noble proportions and the superiority of the design and
workmanship. It differs from the type generally found in
this county, and it is undoubtedly the work of a peripatetic
school of craftsmen, who built or enlarged several churches
in this district, of which St. Andrew's, Heckington, Lines.
(1320-1380) is the crowning glory. So far as I have been able
to trace it, their work in this county commenced with the
famous chapter house at Southwell (1285-1300). Newark
was the next place to receive attention, where, apparently,
they intended to rebuild the whole church, but the upper
stages of the tower, the spire, and the south aisle are the
only portions that were completed (1313-1350). At the same
time Hawton (1330) and Sibthorp appear to have been in
hand ; also the rood screen in Southwell Minster (1330-
1340) and the chancel at Arnold. Then for a brief period all
building operations were suspended on account of the " black
death" (1349). The chancels at Woodborough (1356), Car
Colston (1360), and Epperstone complete the list, but the
latter has been pulled down and entirely destroyed. It is
interesting to notice that the Easter sepulchre is to be found
in nearly all the chancels built by this school of craftsmen
before the " black death," and not in any that were built after
that terrible visitation. This seems to indicate that the
school was decimated, but not entirely disbanded.

Woodborough was one of the prebendal churches in the
Peculiar of Southwell, and we should therefore expect to
find that the builder of the chancel was an ecclesiastic ; but
it was not so. It is general knowledge that the prebendaries
of the time were pluralists — lazy and indifferent — caring as
little for the church buildings as they did for the people who
were committed to their charge, so that when the manor
of Woodborough was presented to young Richard de Strelley
by his great-uncle, Paganus de Vilers, the little Norman
church was perhaps found to be in such a neglected con-
dition, that it became necessary for him to rebuild it.

We were told when visiting Strelley, two years ago, that

WOODBOROUGH
CHURCH

Sampson de Strelley, the father of Richard, rebuilt the
church at Strelley in 1356, and it is not at all unlikely that
father and son were engaged in the work of church restora-
tion in their respective parishes at the same time, for we
know from documents that Richard de Strelley came into
possession of the manor of Woodborough in 1336, and he
held it until 1358, when he was succeeded by his youngest
son, Thomas.

But even supposing that no documentary evidence was
forthcoming, the fragments of heraldry that still remain
would justify us in attributing the work to the Strelleys, and
the style of the architecture determines the date of the re-
building to be the middle period of the 14th century.

In confirmation of this statement, look at the design of
the chancel windows ; see how naturally and gracefully the
tracery is made to spring from the mullions without any
break in the sweep of the lines. This indicates the Curvi-
linear or flowing period of the Decorated style (1315-1360),
so called to distinguish it from the earlier or Geometrical
period. The design of the great east window of five lights,
although somewhat weak in places, is nevertheless a fine
specimen of the style, while the three-light windows at the
sides are perfect examples of "tangent circle" or "reticulated"
tracery.

It was at this time that painted glass had reached its
highest perfection, and we can understand how the glass-
man would delight in filling such elegant spaces with his
designs. But alas ! the ancient glass has nearly all dis-
appeared, and we can only judge of its effect by the few
scattered fragments that remain and by the descriptions
given by those who saw it many years ago.

Thoroton visited the church in 1670, and he has given an
account of all the blazons, and these include the oft-recurring
arms of the Strelleys and their alliances.

One hundred years later Throsby wrote : — " The chancel
windows were once rich with painted glass, but now they are
so filthy, broken and patched that little can be made out to

INTERIOR, WOODBOROUGH CHURCH.

Photograph by H. GUI.

WOODBOROUOH

please by description."

William Stretton, who visited the church in 1818, says:
" The whole of the windows were, not more than 20 or 30
years since, most beautifully adorned with painted glass in a
high state of preservation, but great part of them are now
glazed with common glass, and the painted lies in an old
chest for any one to carry away who chooses."

The fragments remaining are : —

A six-winged seraph in the quatrefoil on the south side
of the east window.

St. Margaret with a cross in her hand and a dragon
under her feet, and St. Catherine, with a wheel and a knife,
in the south-east window of chancel. These two saints, the
most popular in mediaeval art, are found in all the churches
built by this school or guild.

On the north side, beginning from the east end : —

1. — Figure subject, difficult to determine, probably
patchwork.

2.— "Christ in the Garden" (with beautiful diapered
background).

3. — " Touch me not, I am not yet ascended."

4. — " Doubting Thomas," and fragments of heraldry.

" Nothing probably has done so much to destroy the
sense of colour, once so exquisite in England, as this wanton
destruction of the painted windows and frescoed walls of our
churches." — Wakeman.

Notice also the beautiful stone carvings. The small
sculptured stops to the hood-mould inside the east window,
being so far above the level of the eye, are liable to be over-
looked, but they are worthy of careful inspection.

The sculptured figures supporting the statue brackets,
on either side of the east window, are intended to represent
the reigning sovereign, King Edward III. (north side) and his
Queen Phillipa (south side), 1327-1377, and similar carvings
form the stops to the hood-mould outside the east window.
Indeed, they may be found again and again in all the churches
that were built at this period, and especially in the churches

WOODBOROUGH built by this particular school of workmen, but I think that
the carvings at Woodborough, owing, perhaps, to the fine
grain of the stone and the freedom from mutilation, are the

IX.

most beautiful of them all.

The statues that once stood upon these brackets were
destroyed ages ago. The one on the north side would

probably be a representation of one of the missionary bishops,
St. Paulinus or St. Aidan ; the one on the south side would
surely be St. Swithun, for it was incumbent on the parish-
ioners at the time to provide "the principal image in the
chancel of the saint in whose honor the church is dedicated "
(1305-1368), and this is one of the three churches in Notting-
hamshire dedicated to the weather saint.

This statement is corroborated by the list of wills in the
Torre MS. at York. " 10th August 1534. John Shirley of
Wodborowe " willed that " his body to be buried in the
chancel of Wodborowe before S Swithin." 13th Nov. 1558.
Henry Shirley of Woodborowe, " his body to be buried in the
close of S. Swithin's in Wodborowe upon the south side of
ye chancell."

St. Swithun, Prior and afterwards Bishop of Winchester,
died July 2nd, 862, and was buried, at his own request, "in
the churchyard, where passers by might tread on his grave
and where the rain from the eaves might fall on it." In 971
his body was translated to a gilded shrine within the church,
but not until after the operations had been delayed for forty
days by incessant rain, as a protest against the violation of
the good bishop's wishes. The saint's day, July 15th, is still
considered ominous.

" St. Swithun 's day if thou dost rain, for 40 days it will remain.
St. Swithun's day if thou be fair, for 40 days 'twill rain na mair."

The sedilia, on the south side, framed within the returns
of a heavy cill moulding, although modern in appearance, is
actually contemporary with the rest of the work. It cannot
be looked upon as a successful design. The decline from
absolute perfection, which is just apparent in the great east
window, is more pronounced in the treatment of the sedilia.
Comparing the mechanical work here with the beautiful
sedilias at Heckington, Hawton, and other churches of the
same type, we cannot fail to notice that the decadence of
Gothic architecture, so noticeable all over the country after
the visitation of the " black death," had already commenced.

The piscina is treated in a very unusual manner, having

WOODBOROUGH a short filleted shaft with cap and base mouldings that
correspond with the respond of the chancel arch. Opposite
the sedilia is a plain square aumbry (now fitted with a new
door), a very poor substitute for the glorious Easter sepulchres
that adorn the earlier churches built by this school.

In a list of duties for parish clerks, 1462, instructions
are given " to cover the altar and rood with lentyn cloths &
to hang the vail in the choir," and frequent references are
found concerning " the veil which in Lent hangeth between
the choir and the sight of the people " (Lyndwood). The
iron hooks, to which this veil was fastened, may still be seen
on both sides of the chancel, just above the altar rail.

While I have much sympathy with the rector who
recently protested against " the abominable tablets plastered
like blisters and blackheads over the walls of churches,"
I would nevertheless like to draw your attention to a mural
tablet on the north side, both with regard to the beauty of
the script and the appropriateness of the quotation : —

Twill wash my hands in Irt/rwcwcy 0 Lord
CVand fo will I^o to thine altar.O

•

Hi at 1 m ay fhew the voice of thankf^i ving:
Q^and tell of all thy wondrous works Qr

Lord I have loved the habitation of thine houfe
and the place where thine honour dwelleth.

win" t-a^e///*? |j

PPalm the 26 and the 6, 7, 8 Verfes.

It is worthy of note that this tablet was put up in 1770 —
a time of terrible apathy and exclusiveness — not by a priest,
but by a layman, William Edge, the churchwarden, whose
agitation resulted in the settlement of the first resident vicar
in Woodborough.

15
All traces of the oak screen and the stone base upon

CHURCH

which it stood have been removed. It is said to have been
" like the one at Lambley but having more work in it," but
this description is not very helpful, for the screen at Lambley
is now but a relic of its former state. For many years two
paper garlands, in memory of two young girls, hung upon
the screen.

The choir stalls, pulpit, and western screen are quite
modern. They were designed and executed by the late
Mansfield Parkyns, assisted by a local joiner, Richard Ward,
for many years a churchwarden, and they were presented on
Christmas Eve, 1893, as recorded on the brass tablet attached
to the seat near the pulpit.

The nave requires very little description. Alas ! that
well begun is only half done. The chancel must have been
completed before the nave was commenced. This is clearly
indicated by the fact that the western buttresses of the
chancel form the east end of the aisles, and the weatherings
of the buttresses can be clearly seen both inside and outside.
The arcade, of three bays, is fairly good. I think the original
intention was to have five bays, for if you look on the south
side of the south-west pier, you will see the spring of the
arch as though it was intended to carry on the arcade further
westwards. The nave roof is constructed in a very elemen-
tary manner, apparently with a view to economy, for the
main timbers had evidently been used before, probably in the
old Norman roof.

The clerestory windows are very poor — three on the
south side and two on the north side — placed without any
regard to design or symmetry, and the aisle windows are even
worse, for no two of them are of the same size. The tracery
was added in 1891.

The south door is of the same date as the north arcade,
but the porch was added at a later period. The small square
western tower is a very poor specimen of architecture. It
was built during the reign of Queen Mary (1553-1558).
It contains four bells, cast by Henry Oldfield, of Nottingham,

SACRO

GERIQVI

WOODBOROUGH eariy jn the 17th century.

We must not leave the church without noticing the font,
by the south door. Although it looks so very new, it is
actually the font belonging to the Norman church. It is
made out of a single block of white Mansfield stone. I made
a sketch of it in 1873, when it stood " on a round pillar in the
form of a stilton cheese." The oak cover is quite modern
(1846). At one time this font stood in the chancel near the
altar rails. (Baptism was administered in the vicarage at
that time.) Near to the font is the old parish chest, with
three locks, one each for the vicar and wardens.

At the Restoration
of the monarchy, a new
altar -table was pre-
sented to the church
by John, son and heir
of Robert Wood, of
Lambley, Recorder of
Newark. This table
now stands in the south
aisle. It has five bul-
bous legs, character-
istic of the period, and
a carved Latin inscrip-
tion continued on all
the four sides, as fol-
lows : " Sacro usui me
dedit Johannes, filius
et heres RobertiWoode

de Lambley armigeri, qui Johannes fuit Recordator de
Newarke, unus custodum pacis comitatus et Viridarius
Forestae de Sherwood, soli Deo Fretus. Qui secum con-
siderat quam vana et instabilis est potestas, is nihil timebit.
Deum time et eum ama ut ameris ab eo. Amabis Deum si
imitaberis eum, in hoc autem omnibus vel prodesse et nulli
nocere.

Eripe me inimicis meis Domine. Ad te confugi."

17
A silver chalice, with lid, and a silver paten (Charles II. WOODBOROUGH

CHURCH

hall-mark) were given at about the same time.

The registers begin with baptisms, 1547-1555, and then
there is a gap to 1577. Burials do not begin until 1572, and
weddings until 1573.

There are no monuments of special note. A 12th century
sepulchral slab with incised cross has been used for the door-
stone to the porch, and another lies near the chancel arch.
A monumental slab near the pulpit, to the memory of William
Alvey, has been broken, but John Alvey has, apparently, tried
to make good the damage by carving the date 1681 on the
chancel wall.

Just a few words about the exterior. The cross on the
eastern gable has a sculptured representation of the Cruci-
fixion on one side, and the Virgin and Child, attended by
SS. Catherine and Margaret, on the other. This cross was
restored in 1891, but it is an exact reproduction of the
original. A similar cross adorns the west gable, but without
the attendant angels. I know of only one other instance of
a sculptured gable cross in this county, and that is at Clifton.
There is a beautiful little triangular window in the apex of
the gable, and immediately below it two shields are suspended,
bearing paly of six for Strelley, the sinister shield being
differenced for Strelley of Woodborough, with "a great cinque-
foyle," as Thoroton calls it. If you look carefully you will
see that this cinquefoil is made with six petals instead of five.
I have frequently noticed a similar error in work of this
period, and I can only attribute it to lack of heraldic know-
ledge on the part of the mason, or to the well-known fact
that it is easier to divide a circle into six parts than five.

The buttresses are very effective, having bold weatherings
and gabled terminations, with grotesque heads on either side.
These carvings are worthy of special study. They are
generally said to be typical of the expulsion of evil spirits
from the church, but I have an idea that in this case they
were intended to represent the sufferings caused by that

WOODBOROUGH terrible sickness, the "black death," which decimated the
country (1349), only a few years before this chancel was built.

As you pass along by the south side your attention will
surely be drawn to the initials, dates, and diagrams that have
been scratched on the wall-stones. The earliest date I have
noticed is 1661. The circular diagrams were used as sun-
dials, a movable gnomon being inserted in the hole in the
centre of the dial.

But older and more interesting than dates or diagrams,
are to be seen a number of curious, vertical grooves that
have given rise to much comment. We noticed them at
East Leake and Costock, and they are to be found at
Lambley, and, in fact, on the south wall of the churches
that were built before the introduction of gunpowder, in all
parts of the country, and especially where the stone is of a
fine smooth grain. Some say they are caused by the school
children sharpening their slate pencils, but they are generally
too high up for that. Others say they were caused by the
sexton sharpening his pick, but I am assured that the sexton
would never attempt to sharpen a hardened pick on a soft
stone, he would go to the village blacksmith to have it
" drawn " in the usual way. Besides, they are only found on
the south side. The most popular theory is that they were
caused by the sharpening of arrows, a reminder of the days
when archery was the first line of attack, and when the
youths were required to practise shooting on the south side
of the churchyard on Sunday afternoons.

It is no unusual thing to find that when a church was
rebuilt in the Decorated period, the only portions of the old
church deemed worthy of preservation were the font and the
main entrance. It was so in this case. On the north side
there is a doorway, built in, not for use, but for preservation.
Like the font, it belongs to the Norman church of circa 1150.
It has triple shafts with cushion caps and moulded bases, and
an arch moulding of three orders, containing varieties of the
well-known Norman mouldings, the cable, the cone, and
the chevron.

In the year 1887, the bishop of the diocese visited this WOODBOROUGH
church and described it as "a ruin," and its deplorable con- (
dition justified the term. During the incumbency of the Rev.
F. G. Slight (1891), building was begun under Messrs.
Naylor & Sale, of Derby, and the church thoroughly restored.

It was intended to include a visit to Lambley in the
excursion, but this was found impossible. A few notes
on the church are, however, appended.

LAMBLEY
CHURCH

The church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The plan
consists of a western tower, an aisleless nave, and a chancel.
On the north side of the chancel are the ruins of a small
chantry chapel, supposed to have been founded by the sixth
Ralph de Cromwell, in 1340.

There is no mention of a church at Lambley in Domes-
day. The earliest reference to such is contained in the
Inquisitions of Edward I. (1279-1280).

The oldest portion of the existing church is the tower.
The three lower stages are Early English (Henry III., 1216-
1272). The upper stage was added during the Perpendicular
period. Some difference of opinion may arise as to the date
of this tower, owing to the base moulding being of the
Decorated type, but there are clear indications that this
moulding is an insertion, and it was probably put in when the
tower was repaired and the upper stage added (1377-1405).

The nave and chancel (excepting the north wall of
chancel, 1370-1380) were built during the reign of Henry VI.
by Ralph de Cromwell, the Lord High Treasurer, whose
badge, a bag or purse, is carved within a panel on either side
of the east window. The work is an interesting example of
the Perpendicular style of architecture ; the mouldings are
very good ; the tracery of the windows is very simple and
effective, but is very unusual for the period, being entirely
without cusps. The rood-loft was approached by a staircase
on the north side. A small turret, corbelled out at the
junction of the nave and chancel on the south side, contained
a staircase leading up from the rood-loft to the roof. The
sacring bell was hung in this turret.

The rood-screen is contemporary with the nave and
chancel, but it has been shorn of its beam and cornice. Some
fragments of ancient glass — a cross and a chalice — still
remain in the east window. The communion table (1619) was
presented by the same family of Wood, who gave the com-
munion table at Woodborough.

The registers commence 1568, and contain "A trowe
Register of all Christeninge Weddinge, and Burialle within

Photograph by H. Gtll.
INTERIOR, LAMBLEY CHURCH.

ye Parish of Lamley, begonne in ye 10th yere of our Sovereign
Lady Quene Elizabeth et Anno Dom 1568, by Hey Lund
the parson."

From Woodborough, which was left soon after noon,
the excursion party proceeded to the village of
Epperstone, in the Vale of Dover Beck. Here they
were met by the rector, the Rev. T. F. Collins, who
very kindly read the following paper, written on the
church and the manors of Epperstone by Mr. T. W.
Huskinson.

LAMBLEY
CHURCH

EPPERSTONE CHURCH AND MANORS.
BY MR. THOMAS W. HUSKINSON.

The Domesday Survey of the year 1086 records the fact
that Epperstone at that time possessed a church and a priest.
There may, however, have been a church here in Saxon
times.

The only relics left, of any earlier date than that of the
existing structure, are the bowl and stem of the font, the base
being modern ; a fleur-de-lys finial now lying under the cedar
in the churchyard ; and the lower part of the wall of the
nave.

The following portions of the present church appear to
belong to the early years of the 14th century : — the end
window of the aisle, the buttress which, it will be observed,
is pieced to older masonry of the main wall, the smaller
buttress on the north wall and the doorway beside it.

Later in the 14th century was erected the really beautiful
arcade, and after the arcade the tower and spire, the tower
being inserted into the west end of the nave. The larger
buttresses on the north side were also added, and the nave
wall was heightened.

From pieces of masonry about the parish these later
people appear to have rebuilt the chancel, and from the
fragments it was evidently in the same style and by the same

EPPERSTONE
CHURCH

artists as the splendid chancel at Woodborough. This
chancel was pulled down, at a date unknown, but presumably
at the end of 17th century, and replaced by a brick one,
which again was pulled down and replaced by the present
pretty stone structure. This was restored later by Palmer in
1821, to whom is due the stone tabling, the crosses of the
gables, and also the new porch.

The nave roof is 17th century work. The effigy in the
aisle is to someone unknown. A tablet to John Odingsells,
runs as follows :

HERE LYETH IOHN

ODINGSELLS OF

EPERSTON ESQf &

ELIZ: HIS DEARE

WIFE SISTER TO S«

WILLIAM SVTTON OF

AVERHAM, KT WHOM

GOD BLEST W.™

ELEVEN CHILDREN,

OF WHOM ARE LIVEING

4 SONS, & 2 DAUGHTERS.

HE DIED THE 1OT.H OF

IVLY 1655, IN THE 79™

YEARE OF HIS AGE.

He was a member for Notts, in Barebones' Parliament. At
the same time a member of the Paulit family and his wife
were living in the village, after the sack of Basing. It would
be interesting to know if the two families were on visiting
terms.

The cedars and yews were planted in 1839.
The church is dedicated to the Holy Cross. It is built
entirely of Epperstone stone, with Mansfield stone for the
windows and arcade.

There are four bells, viz. :

Treble, with inscription, 1742, God save his Church.
Tenor, T. Taylor & Co Loughborough 1865
Second, God save his Church 1729
Third, Jhesus be our spede 1590

EPPERSTONE CHURCH.

23
Three are only rung because one is entirely appropriated

. . CHURCH

by cur chiming clock.

There were three manor places in Epperstone from
ancent times, ranged about the little croft east of the church
supDosed to have been the green.

The Odingsells manor, now Mrs. Dufty's, came into that
famiy by the marriage of Hugo de Odingsells, a Fleming,
withBasilia, the daughter of Gerard de Limesi. As the land
orighally belonging to the Odingsells would not now produce •
£70C a year rental, and yet the Odingsells played a part in
histo-y, it argues greater prosperity and stability for ancient
times.

"he small manor house, east of the croft, was in the fee
of Rcger de Busli at the Conquest. It was probably given to
a retiiner, as in the reign of Edward I., Robert Arre had it
and s>ld it to the Jorz family, and it went with a daughter
to the Walker family, descending by inheritance till 1878,
when tie house and 250 acres forming its estate were sold.

Thi third manor, now known as the manor, was formerly
part of the Odingsells' manor, but early in the 12th century
the Simpsons held it with three-and-a-half fees (which
apparently carried land equivalent to about £ 1 ,500 yearly income
at the aresent day). It was six generations in the Sampson
family, vhen Baron Tibtoft bought it in the reign of Edward
I. and it has passed successively through the families of
Scroop, Howe, Houldsworth, and Huskinson, to Sir Francis
Ley, th< present possessor.

There was a small Elizabethan hall in brick, built by the
Scroops as a dower house to Langar, of which there are no
remains The brick dovecot, long stable-barn, and iron gate
by Huitingdon Shaw, were erected by the Howes, who
dismanlled the place. The late Thomas Huskinson restored
the pla:e, built the main block of the house, the stone gate-
way ard walls, and set out the forecourt and yew hedges.
Sir Fnncis Ley built the library wing and kitchen, the west
wing, tie water tower, conservatory, and new stables.

EPPERSTONE

Before leaving Epperstone, many of the members
went over the rectory garden, in which there is an avenue
about 120 yards long, and 13^ feet wide, of ancient trees
(elms, yews, and one huge magnificent holly), so densdy
interlaced as to obscure the daylight. It seems to 3e
quite unique in the county, and in summer it affoids
grateful shade for either rest or exercise.

On reaching Oxton, the church which contains lot
a few details of interest was first visited, and here tfie
vicar, the Rev. W. Laycock, spoke from the pulpit on [he
history of the church. Some difference of opinion aros< as
to the date of the more ancient parts of the buildng.
We insert the following account which is a reproduction
of what the vicar said on the day of the excursion. It
has been already published by him in leaflet form.

OXTON AND ITS CHURCH.
BY THE REV. W. LAYCOCK.

Oxton is stated to have been an ancient British
place. Within its parish boundaries are to be found

Burial
hree,

if not four, ancient camps, and three tumuli. One <f the
camps is acknowledged to be British, and in a good state
of preservation.

Its church is most interesting, being more complete than
most village churches, and possessing a chancel, na^, two
aisles, with north and south arcades, and a tower. The south
chancel wall with its doorway and three windows and chancel
arch are held to be late Saxon work. A prebendary and
rector of Oxton, in answering questions instituted by Henry
VIII., stated that the prebend of Oxton was founded bj Zeeb
and King Edgar. It is supposed that Zeeb was King 3dwy.
If this be so then it would be before 958 A.D. If the piebend
was founded then, it is a reasonable supposition to saj that
the church would be built about that date. In the new north
wall the old Saxon doorway has been rebuilt. Evidently once

INTERIOR OF OXTON CHURCH.

a Saxon tower completed the design of the old church. All OXTON

CHURCH

this goes to show that originally a complete Saxon church
stood on this site. The fact of there being no west door,
but a north and south door, strongly confirms the above
statement. The small doorway in the tower and the restored
buttresses in the north wall will date back to 1250. The
north and east windows in the chancel, the tower with its
window, and the two arcades will date back to about 1325.
Of the two arcades no pillar is perpendicular, and no arch is
in plumb line, whilst the circumference of the north pillars
differs from that of the south pillars. The first arch of the
south arcade stands out from the east wall, whilst the cor-
responding one on the north arcade does not. At the west
end the south arcade terminates with a half Gothic arch,
whilst the north arcade terminates with half-round arch
appearing like a Saxon or Norman arch.

The old font of Oxton Church has, until recently, been
doing duty as a pump trough. Twenty-four years ago it was
sold from the vicarage garden. It is octagonal, in a rough
state, with no sign whatever of any inscription or carving on
it. It is of the same character as the Lutterworth old
Wycliffe Font now in Leicester Museum. Its age may be
from 650 to 700 years. It is now in the church resting on
stones equally as old as itself, and which have been, none
can tell for how long, in the vicarage grounds. Doubts are
raised as to these stones forming the original base. Of one
stone, however, there is no doubt whatever. It plainly
carries with it its own evidence.

This venerable font may have been cast out in Cromwell's
day. The present font is of the Charles II. pattern and
period. From its decayed condition, as described in 1842,
one can realize this statement to be correct. In the tower
for many years back has been an oak chest, called the deed
chest. Tradition credited it with being the old communion
table, and such it has turned out to be. The paint has been
scraped off, and the sides and bottom knocked out, with the
result that there stands a solid oak table, dating back to

OXTOH Cromwell's day, if not indeed to Elizabeth's time. This
venerable table has found a resting place in the vestry.

In the church, near the tower, lies a stone effigy in a
good state of preservation. Two small angels with their
wings form a canopy for the head, while the feet rest on a
dog. The face and arms resemble those of a woman. Local
tradition says it is the Virgin Mary, who rises up to pray
when the clock strikes. The attitude is one of prayer. A
closer inspection will disclose a short beard. One noted
antiquarian declares it is a civilian, whilst another asserts it
to be a lawyer. The latter is most probably correct. The
cap with curls (note the knot under the chin) is the legal cap
of Serjeants-at-law, called the coif. Evidently it is in memory
of such, or of a renegade clergyman, who defied the canon by
pleading in court, and put on the coif in order to hide the
tonsure. The inscription is in Norman French, but is now
completely obliterated. In Thoroton's History of Notting-
hamshire, Throsby's Edition of 1790, the date given is 1126,
though with much doubt. Other authorities say about 1280
is much more likely to be the date. This effigy was once
buried, probably in Cromwell's day. It rose again before
1730[?].

The escutcheons or achievements or hatchments, no
doubt, will refer to members of the Sherbrooke family. By
the design can be known if those commemorated, at death,
were married or un-married, widows or widowers.

The old registers go back to 1562, most of them being
in good condition.

Two, if not three, of the four bells date from 1638.

"We pray for this our parish,"
" Thy mercy to implore ; "

" On Church, and homes, and people,"
"O Lord, Thy blessing pour." S.P.C.K.

After the vicar had spoken as above about his church,
the Rev A. Du Boulay Hill said he did not think the
evidence of Saxon work in Oxton church could be sus-

tained by anything now visible. The chancel arch was
the work of the end of the nth or beginning of the I2th
century, and the very interesting south wall of the
chancel, with one original window in it, the small one in
the middle, might very well be of the same period.

The priest's door and the window to the east of it
were undoubtedly i3th century insertions. Further
evidence of date might be gained if the ivy outside the
wall were removed, and it was a pity that no record had
been made of the structure of the wall when the plaster
was removed ten years ago.

The western tower was not part of the plan of the
I4th century arcaded nave, having been built later,
within the western end of the nave, owing to the limited
space between the church and the roadway.

The stone effigy shows clearly the coif of a ser-
jeant-at-law. I do not think there is any real proof of
a coif worn to conceal a priest's tonsure. The date is
not later than the beginning of the I4th century. Part of
the inscription, in Norman French, is

- LE • SOTERA DEV + DESALME MCI -
Throsby seems to have mistaken the " Deu de sa alme
eyt merci," which is given here in a contracted form,
as supplying a date.

After luncheon at the " Green Dragon," many of the
members walked over to the Oldox camp ; a few of the
ladies even venturing on the journey, in spite of a good
deal of long wet hay-grass that had to be walked through.
Mr. T. Davies Pryce has forwarded the following account
of the earthwork, together with a plan of the site drawn
to scale.

Hol/in H««£

OLDOX OR HODOX CAMP, OXTON.
BY MR. T. DAVIES PRYCE.

The history of early man is indelibly written in the
earthworks which score and scar the face of the land, and
could we but read them aright, they would furnish us with
valuable evidence of his habits and customs.

Unfortunately archaeology in its best aspect, that of
scientific spade-work, is as yet only in its infancy, and little
more can be done than the formation of an approximate
guess as to the dates and uses of an earthwork of this type.

Still, even our present imperfect knowledge justifies
certain conclusions. The main features of this camp are
sufficiently characteristic to warrant the statement that it is
Celtic in its origin. In the absence of archaeological finds it
is, however, impossible to say whether it belongs to the
Romano- British or the pre-Roman period, or even to the far
off Bronze age. Possibly excavation would reveal evidence
of successive habitations during all these periods, and even in
later times.

The camp is situated about a mile and a half to the
N.N.E. of the village of Oxton, is roughly oval in form, and
covers an area of some four-and-a-half acres. It is placed in
a comb formed by a bend in the hills, and is thus to a
considerable extent sheltered from the elements and from the
sight of the enemy. It is a curious fact that a number of
such camps exist, commanded, as they are, by superior
heights in the immediate neighbourhood. The only explana-
tion of this remarkable arrangement appears to be that they
were definitely habitation sites — as distinguished from camps
of refuge — and that the heights in their proximity were used
as outlooks from which the approach of the enemy could
early be signalled.

The rounded and partially artificial eminence to the
north-west probably served this purpose. This eminence
might, however, have been sepulchral in its origin. This

30
OLDOX CAMP, point and the natural height to the immediate north command

OXTON . -

a wide range of territory.

The most interesting feature of the earthwork is its
multiplicity of circumvallation. Three tiers of ramparts rise
one above the other on the sharp slope of its eastern side,
and elsewhere the camp is defended by a double rampart and
an intervening fosse. The method of entrance is also
peculiar. The approach to the camp is almost directly from
the south, where a raised causeway terminates near a pool of
water. Proceeding by a sunken way — now much silted up —
an apparent or sham entrance is encountered. Here the
sunken way divides and is continued by means of two ditches
— which encircle the camp — to the north where the real or
actual gateway is found.

This arrangement of multiple rampart and circuitous
entry is distinctly an early characteristic as evidenced by a
like method of defence in the great camps of Maiden Castle
and Badbury which date back to the Bronze age and possibly
to an earlier period. Later fortifications, i.e., Norman and
late Mediaeval, rarely, if ever, possess this feature.

History also supports the view that this type of circum-
vallation was a feature of early forts. Thus the Monk of St.
Gall, writing in the 9th century, describes the vast Hunsring
of the Avars as consisting of nine concentric ramparts.

The Book of Leinster (compiled 1150-1160) describes the
dun of Aedh, King of Ireland, A.D. 624-639, as being
surrounded by many ramparts.

Giraldus Cambrensis (12th century) states that the
early forts of Ireland were mostly triple fossed — unde et
fossata infinita, alta nimis, rotunda quoque, et phraque triplicia.

To the south the camp is approached by a raised cause-
way, the continuation of which can be traced to a lane which
leads to Oxton.

To the east also a deeply sunken road leads from over
the ridge of the hill to the southern extremity of the
earthwork.

These trackways are, I think, sufficient evidence of the

Photograph by A . J. Loughton.
CAPITAL, CALVERTON CHURCH.

importance of the place and of its — at one time — permanent OLDOX CAMP>

OXTON.

occupation.

It must, however, be noted that probably these roadways
were in use long after the camp was deserted, for, as Mr.
Blagg has pointed out, there is evidence of later cultivation
on the hillside to the south-east.

The greater part of this camp — its southern two-thirds —
has evidently been artificially raised with much labour.

Lastly it should be noted that the water supply is
abundant, consisting of a small streamlet and two ponds.

The Rev. W. Laycock, whose courtesy I wish to acknow-
ledge, has pointed out to me a walled well, shown on the plan.

Whether this dates from the same period as the earth-
work it is impossible to say. Judging by the infrequency
with which wells are found in connection with early camps, I
am inclined to look upon it as a later addition.

The numerous tumuli and small camps scattered about
this district suggest a comparatively dense population in >
early times.

No actual discoveries have been made on the site of the
earthwork, but bronze finds have come to light at Combs,
about a mile to the north, and somewhere in the immediate
neighbourhood Major Rooke, in the 18th century, explored a
late Celtic or, more probably, Anglo-Saxon barrow.

Excavation of this interesting little camp would, I feel
sure, yield interesting results.

CALVERTON CHURCH.
BY THE REV. A. Du BOULAY HILL.

The Church of St. Wilfrid, Calverton, Notts., consists of CALVKRTON
a chancel, a nave of the unusual form of a wide parallelogram CHURCH
42ft. Sin. X 37ft. 2in., of one span and with no trace of
arcades, and a western tower forming the only entrance to
the church, until a south porch was added in 1881.

I consider it probable that the church was entirely re-
built in the 14th century with the materials of a previously

CALVERTON
CHURCH

existing Norman church, many of the stones of which, with
worked surfaces and incised patterns, may be seen externally
in the chancel walls and lower courses of the nave.

In 1760-63 the nave was rebuilt from its lower courses,
or at any rate the walls refaced, and the whole embellished
with a set of round-headed windows of the fashion of that

time.

The interest of this church consists in the remains of

the Norman work, which have been utilized in various ways.
The chancel, the axis of which inclines to the south, opens to
the nave by, a plain 14th century arch of two chamfered
orders, resting on older piers of the 12th century Norman
work with bold and effective triple-grouped shafts, the
easternmost forming a respond imbedded in the chancel wall.

-.miJi —

You will notice that the arch is not in the centre of the
east wall of the nave, but 5ft. nearer the north side. This
together with the great width, over 14ft., seems to suggest
that while the south pier was probably left in situ, the north
pier was rebuilt further north when the present arch was
erected.

The Norman piers have a square abacus with a hollow
chamfer beneath, and a long fluted capital with neck-mould
and large volutes at the angles.

CARVINGS, CALVERTON CHURCH,
Nos. 1, 2, and 5.

CALVERTON

Between the volutes on the central capital on the north

CHURCH

side is a remarkable piece of sculpture, discovered by
the late vicar, Rev. T. Woollen Smith, in 1874, on remov-
ing the whitewash from the capital. It is a small panel
Sin. X 4in., containing a three-quarter length figure of a
bearded bishop, seated, as shown by the folds of drapery
over the knees, wearing a short broad mitre, and holding a
pastoral staff surmounted by a cross in his left hand, while
his right hand is raised with three fingers extended in
benediction, on his left stands a small naked figure, with
crossed arms. The bishop is probably St. Wilfrid, in whose
name the church is dedicated, who was consecrated Bishop
of York in 664, and died Bishop of Hexham in 709. The
figure at his side may be a newly baptised convert, but since
the freeing of slaves was a distinguishing feature of the
bishop's career, the episcopal act of manumission is perhaps
here represented.

The capital has been partly cut away for the insertion
of a support to a rood beam, in such a way as to avoid injury
to the panel, and to leave it visible from the nave. The
veneration with which it was doubtless regarded has been the
means of preserving this interesting feature of the church.

There are other sculptured stones of even greater
in erest, relics of the ornamentation of the destroyed Norman
church, to be seen high up in the third stage of the tower,
imbedded in a horizontal course on the inner face of the west
wall. They bear upon them representations of the various
occupations of the months of the year. Seven of these stones
are voussure-shaped, and must have formed part of a band of
ornament 9in. wide on the architrave of an arch with a radius
of about 5ft. to their outer edge. An eighth stone is rectangu-
lar, as also is a ninth, to be seen in the north wall of the tower
near the ground outside : these would belong to a continuation
of the band of ornament down the jambs of the arch. Each
panel has its own border, and a semicircular arch of the
dimensions given above would give ample room for twelve

CALVERTON
CHURCH

months to be represented on a Norman doorway about 6ft. in
width. The magnificent Norman porch of St. Margaret's,
York, with the elaborate carvings of the signs of the zodiac,
may be known to some, and we may picture the predecessor
of the present Calverton Church as possessing the striking
feature of a western porch adorned with these interesting
carvings, which I assign to the early part of the 12th century.

The agricultural subjects exhibit the Saxon labourers at
work, while in others we see their Norman superiors enjoying
themselves at their ease.

I will now give a short description of the subjects in
order, taken from a paper I read at the Nottingham meeting
of the Royal Archaeological Institute in 1900.1

No. 1. — January is represented by a man seated at a
trestle table laden with the good Christmas cheer of a boar's
head and fat capon on flat round dishes, a loaf, and a

(*) Archezological Journal, vol. LVIII.

CARVINGS, CALVERTON CHURCH,

Nos. 3, 4, 6, and 7.

flagon curiously inadequate to replenish the enormous drink-
ing horn which the feaster is raising to his lips with his right
hand. His left arm rests on the table, with knife in hand.
His hawk, which I take to indicate that the figure is that of a
Norman noble, stands on the edge of the table at his master's
right side.

No. 2. — February, chill and raw, is humorously illustra-
ted by a man in a hooded cloak and sleeved tunic, seated on a
low chair with scroll back and arms, stretching out his left
hand and heavily booted feet to the warmth of a crackling fire
kindled out of doors beneath a tree, evidently an evergreen.
His favourite bird is also enjoying the blaze. A similai
design is to be seen in the carved oak misericord of the 14th
century in Screveton Church.1

No. 3. — Here is a man engaged in pruning a tree or vine
with a large knife. On the Burnham Deepdale font, this
subject is allotted to April. In these agricultural subjects no
doubt we see the Saxon labourers of the country at work.

No. 4. — This represents a man holding in both hands an
implement which may be a hoe or a crook stick, and which
he seems to be using among growing crops. This has been
supposed to represent ploughing, but I think the upright
portion is intended for a plant. In the Burnham figure for
June we have a man engaged in weeding with two sticks, the
one in the left hand being a crook.

No. 5. — August is here prettily represented by a man
reaping corn with a sickle. A neatly banded sheaf stands
behind him. He is stripped to the waist, and wears a broad-
brimmed hat suitable to the summer months.

Nos. 6 and 7. — These two stones, each containing a
separate panel, seem nevertheless to belong to a single
month, September, and represent two men threshing corn
with flails.

No. 8. — This is a larger rectangular stone which does not

1) Illustrated in English Church Furniture, Cox and Harvey,
258.

CALVERTON
CHURCH

CALVERTON fit into the series of months on the arch. It may have
belonged to the vertical band on the jamb. It is divided into
two panels by a horizontal line. The upper compartment
shows a man on horseback holding the reins in one hand and
stretching out the other with his hawk upon it. The lower
compartment represents a dog, the body like a greyhound,
with a long tufted tail and large head. It has a hare or
rabbit in its mouth.

No. 9. — This stone is in the outer face of the north wall
of the tower, near the ground, and is so much weather-worn
that its subject is hardly to be discovered. It is about 9in. X
lOin., and probably belonged, like the last, to the vertical
part of the band. Two figures facing each other appear to
be holding up something between them. I suggest that the
figures are executing some kind of morris-dance, and perhaps
holding a musical instrument.

Similar series of subjects representing the months are
to be found on a Norman font at Burnham Deepdale, in
Norfolk,1 in which the figures bear a striking resemblance to
these at Calverton, and on a leaden font at Brookland, Kent,2
where the scenes are accompanied by the signs of the zodiac.
The whole subject of mediaeval representations of the months
is fully treated in Archceologia XLIV. in a paper by Mr. J.
Fowler.

Soon after 6 p.m. a start was made for Nottingham,
the brakes reaching Victoria Station a little after 7 p.m.,
and bringing to a close an interesting excursion.

(J) Archceologia, X.
(2) Archceological Journal, vol. LVII.

CARVINGS, CALVERTON CHURCH,

Nos. 8 and 9.

AUTUMN
EXCURSION.

autumn j£ycur0ioru

AND
SCREVETON

Tuesday, the 8th September, the Society made a
CAR-COLSTON \^r half-day excursion to the villages of Car-Colston
and Screveton. The party numbered about forty, in-
cluding Mr. James Bell, Mr. G. G. Bonser, Mr. T. M.
Blagg and Miss Blagg, Mr. J. Potter Briscoe, Mr.
George Fellows, Mr. Harry Gill, Mr. J. T. Godfrey, Mr.
James Granger, Mr. Everard L. Guilford and Miss
Guilford, Mr. G. Hore, Mr. F. Pickerill, Major G. C.
Robertson, Mr. John Thorpe, Mr. J. C. Warren and
Miss Warren, Mr. T. Q. Smith- Woolley, Miss Ashwell,
the Revs. A. Du Boulay Hill, W. Laycock, A. H.
Sutherland, and J. Standish. The brakes left Nottingham
at 1.15 p.m., starting with the party from Victoria
Station.

On arriving on the Fosse Road, at the site of
Margidunum, situated a little to the north of the turn for
Newton village, a stop was made for the purpose of
inspection. No paper was read here on the occasion of
the visit, but since that date the Rev. J. Standish has
been over the site, and also made the following notes.

MARGIDUNUM.
BY THE REV. J. STANDISH.

Speaking of this site, which he calls Ad Pontem, Stukeley
in his Itinerary writes as follows : "The Roman station upon
the Foss I found to be called Boroughfield, west of the road:
here a spring arises under the hedge, called Oldwork spring,
very quick, running over a fine gravel ; the only one hereabouts
that falls eastward, not directly into the neighbouring Trent,
toward Newton. Hereabouts I saw the Roman foundations

of walls, and floors of houses, composed after the manner MARGIDUNUM

before spoken, of stones set edgewise in clay, and liquid

mortar run upon them : there are likewise short oaken posts

or piles at proper intervals, some whereof I pulled up with my

own hands. Dr. Batteley tells us of oak very firm, found at

Reculver, under the Roman cisterns : the earth all round

looks very black : they told us that frequently the stones were

laid upon a bed of pease-straw and rush-rope or twisted hay,

which remained very perfect. Houses stood all along upon

the Foss, whose foundations have been dug up, and carried

to the neighbouring villages. They told us too of a most

famous pavement near the Foss way : close by, in a pasture,

Castle-hill close, has been a great building, which they say was

carried all to Newark. John Green of Bridgeford, aged 80,

told me that he has taken up large foundations there, much

ancient coin, and small earthen pipes for water: his father

aged near 100, took up many pipes fourscore yards off the

castle, and much fine free-stone : some well cut and carved :

there have been found many urns, pots, and Roman bricks ;

but the people preserved none of them ; and some that had

coins would by no means let us see them, for fear we were

come from the lord of the manor."1

Stukeley visited this Roman station Sep. 7, 1722, and
made a sketch thereof, from an eminence a mile to the south.
The first edition of his book was published in 1724.

In his " History of Newark," Mr. Cornelius Brown
notes that Esdaile in his "History of Bingham" records
the discovery of the base of an octagonal tower in Castle
Hill field. The family of the late Rector of Bingham,
Canon Miles, found between 1845 and 1883 vast quantities of
Roman remains in the fields named Old Wark, Camberlins
(Cumberlands), and Newton Springs; and, on the south-west
side of Newton Springs, enormous quantities of staghorns
and boars' tusks and every kind of animal bones were found,
besides immense quantities of broken pots ; as if this part
had been a refuse ground of the camp.

(1) Itinerarium Curiosum, pp. 105, 106. Second Edition, 1776.

3t Alt ABOUT 6>N(H6&
TO THE MlLfr.

MR. FRANK MILES' PLAN OF MAROIDUNUM.

(A) Skeletons found here ; feet to east, sixty years ago.

(B) Pot of coins said to have been found here.

(D) Arch exposed here, and other masonry, fifty years ago.

(E) Hypocaust tile found. Now in Nottingham Museum,

circa 1870.

(F) Great quantities of deerhorns, sawn, found here.

(G) Supposed site of round temple. Pot of coins said to

have been found here eighty years ago.

(H) Gravel road, exposed about twenty years ago ; Roman
key.

(/) Quantities of tesserae, ditto, about one-and-a-half inch
square.

(y) \ imagine a mill and waterwheel stood here, probably
that called Sir John Lowdham's, but whether as
early as Roman times is another question.
An old woman said she could remember masonry
above ground in Castle Hill Field. Rev. Rt. Lowe,
Rector of Bingham, lowered the high ground in
Castle Hill Field. Quantities of stone were taken
away to Flintham Hall about 1820.

(K) Supposed amphitheatre.

(L) In the old Bingham terrier mention is made of a
bridge on the Foss. I am inclined to think there
was a Roman bridge here crossing the marsh.

« Reasons for thinking this Station AD PONTEM : —
The nzime BRIDGEFORD proves it ; because there
is no evidence of a bridge since the Conquest, as special
mention is made of the Ferry at Gunthorpe in a grant from
the Priory of Shelford to that of Thurgarton, which deed
seems to have been about the 13th century. Yet the very
name BRIDGEFORD implies there was a bridge before
there was a ford, or at any rate there was a bridge some
time or other. So it must have been the Roman bridge,
a bridge of boats, communicating with the county on the
other side of the Trent. At right angles to the Fosse
road an ancient street runs down to the Trent, starting
from this camp and going down a very steep cutting to the
Trent side. This is called Newton Street, and it was used
as a packhorse way till the end of the last century. In
the ordnance map an old road is shewn on the opposite
bank of the Trent where the Roman way goes down to the
water. Here we have then a bridge over the Trent —
and a made road (on the map will be seen near E,
the pitched causeway, exposed about twenty years ago)
running directly to the Trent, and to the place on the Trent
most suitable for a bridge. Surely then, this camp is
AD PONTEM, TO THE BRIDGE, the camp on the
great road, where you turn off to cross the Trent. The
Newton Street is guarded at its descent to the Trent by a
Roman fort called PANCAKE HILL. Some people think
East Bridgeford was Margidunum and this camp Ad Pontem.
The name Margidunum, I imagine has nothing to do with
Marl, but is Margo-dunum — the marge or verge of the hill,
that being the common meaning of margo — the margin of a
river — and it exactly suits the situation, East Bridgeford being
essentially a village on the verge of the long range of hill.
Throsby mentions (Throsby's Thoroton's History Notts., 149)
an earthen pot full of coins being found at Castle Hill.
Then my mother was told of a pot of coins being found
in the grass field near the site of the round temple, which
is said to be traceable in very dry weather. But I cannot

make out that any quantity of Roman remains have been
found at East Bridgeford. When any have been found at
Castle Hill, which is a mile and a half from East Bridgeford,
they have been described as found at East Bridgeford, as
that is the nearest village and most of the Roman camp
is in East Bridgeford parish and part of it is glebe of that
place. There were probably outlying suburbs and villas
which extended the Roman settlement almost to the banks
of the Trent. North and north-west of the camp, parallel
with Newton Street, the fields are mostly called Barrow
or Borough, and in an old Bingham terrier there is much
mention of places called Borough, as Littleborough, Nether-
borough, Overborough, all of which places seem to have
been in the neighbourhood of Newton and Oldwarke. At
K, in the map, is a curious excavation in the side of the
rising ground, which, I am almost sure, is an amphitheatre.
It is just close to the street and is similar in size to that
at Silchester, but not so deep. At C, is a very curious
pond on the top of rising ground. At the west corner of
this pond the bank sunk, about forty years ago, some
seven or eight feet, altering the shape of the pond from
a parallelogram to the figure shewn at C. There was
every appearance of some subterranean cavity having
afllen in. At D, masonry and an arch were exposed, in
digging for stones, some fifty years ago, an eye-witness
told me. At F, while draining or digging for stones, some
twenty years ago, great quantities of old stag horns, boars,
tusks, and old shoe leather were found, and some of these
are now in the Castle Museum. At E, was found the
hypocaust now in the museum. At //, my mother can
remember a gravel causeway being exposed some thirty years
ago. I have indicated its apparent direction. At /, at the
same time, quantities of tesserae, as if for the pavement of a
villa. At A, were found, about 1820, numbers of skeletons,
feet to the east, showing Christian burial. The field called
Camberlins (or Cumberlands in some maps) seems to me to
preserve the name Camp, and the three fields Oldwarke

44
MARGIDUNUM contrast with Newark and the neighbouring Newton.

FRANK MILES, 1884.

Mr. G. H. Wallis, curator of the Castle Museum,
Nottingham, has kindly lent and placed at my disposal, the
above plan and account of these researches, made and
written in 1884, by the late Mr. Frank Miles, of Bingham.
It is reproduced verbatim. Some of the "finds" were sent
to and are still lodged at the Castle Museum, and Mr. Wallis
has generously offered to have a group or two photographed,
with a view to illustration.

Mr. Frank Miles endorses his manuscript with the
following remarks : — " I hope this will be some use for the
comparative archaeologist to go upon. What we want is
someone to make a map of Roman Nottinghamshire indicat-
ing such stations as Stathern or Hickling, West Bridgeford
or Burghford, Southwell, Castle Hill, Willoughby, Segs Hill,
and showing their relations to each other and the Fosse."

He also adds a marginal note to his manuscript, which
reads as follows: — "Someone ought to clear up the difficulty
about the distances given in Antonine."

This note touches a practically unsolved difficulty about
the site of Ad Pontem. In the past, claims have been put
in by different antiquaries for Southwell, Farndon, Stoke,
and Newark. The difficulty arises from the fact that Ad
Pontem appears as a station in one of the Itineraries of
Antoninus Augustus, and while inserted in the tier going
north it is omitted in the iter going south. They run thus :

Lindo (Lincoln)

Crococalana (Brough) xiiii.

Margiduno (East Bridgford) xiiii.

Verometo (Willoughby) xii

Verometo (Willoughby)

Margiduno (East Bridgford) xiii.

Ad Pontem vii (or) xiiii,

Crococalana (Brough) vii.

There are strong reasons for doubting the correctness
of the iter going north. Two successive marches of
seven miles each would be unique in the Roman itineraries,
and are on this account highly improbable. Again the
manuscripts differ as to the mileage, fourteen miles as well as
seven miles being given as the distance between Croco-
calanum and the next station to the south.

On these grounds the late Rev. R. F. Smith, of Southwell,
held Ad Pontem to have been originally a marginal note
attached to Margidunum and indicating the road westwards
to the bridge of boats across the Trent ; and that at a later
date some ignorant scribe inserted this note into the text
and, dividing the fourteen miles into two equal distances,
made Ad Pontem a station.1

There are two objections at least to the Rev. R. P.
Smith's theory. First, Ad Pontem may well mean ' in the
neighbourhood of the bridge.' This force of the preposition is
shewn in the different meanings of usque Romam and usque
ad Romam. The first expression means 'as far as Rome' ; the
second, 'as far as the neighbourhood of Rome.' Again, we
have in other Roman itineraries of Britain Ad Ansam, and
Ad Taum ; the first being the name of a station near a
shallow bay (Italian ansa, French anse) ; the second, as
appears from the rough map known as Tabula Peutingeriana,
the name of another station near the Suffolk coast.

In a recent book on the " Roman Road in Britain," Mr.
T. Codrington accepting the unique mileage of two successive
sevens, says (pp. 248-9) :— " The " (Foss) " road continues
straight through the town of Newark, and then there is a
slight turn, and another piece of straight road two and a half
miles long reaches to the bank of the river Trent near Stoke,
where the Station Ad Pontem must have been. Remains of a
Roman bridge are said to have been found in the river Trent
here." On the other hand, taking the iter going south as the
correct one, Ad Pontem may have been at Pancake Hill, the

(1) See Livett's "Southwell Minster," pp. 142, 143.

CAR-COLSTON
CHURCH

SCREVETON

site of a smaller camp perhaps and not an amphitheatre ; or
granting that Mr. Miles is correct in his suggestion of a
bridge across the Fosse, Ad Pontem may be merely another
name for Margidunum. Mr. Miles' map is fairly accurate,
the scale being about six inches to the mile.

Later on in the day, while the party were at Screve-
ton, Mrs. Bury very kindly exhibited a few local curios.
Two of these, the small key, said to be Roman, and the
Anglo-Saxon fibula, belong to Margidunum. The former

Side View tvoofViw

has its ward-plate set very curiously on the flat, at right
angles to the length of the key ; and the fibula is similar
to one in the possession of Mr. T. C. Woolley, of South
Collingham, and found at Brough, the site of the next
Roman station, Crococalana. Both fibulae have the
peculiar, dotted ornamentation.

Besides the small key and fibula, there were a few
fragments of ancient pottery from Margidunum, Samian,
Grey, and British,

On the arrival of the party at Car-Colston, a little
before 3 p.m., the main purpose of the excursion was
entered upon. This was the unveiling of a memorial
tablet to DK Thoroton, of which we give an illustration.

s3afifetwas enectecfin
afewtMeyifers of tfieJfiwvton Society

*/ v : «^ e /> v/

m memory y

RpBERjTHORpTON,

fone

/>. „>.

preserved tn tyis
&h tfleyear
3%e tfntignities of

a I0or/(ofapeat fa four
(met erudition,

fiepn£fis$ecf

The brass is a handsome tablet of latten, and has
been executed by Messrs. Gawthorp & Sons, of Long
Acre, London, and placed in the wall of the south aisle,
on a black marble slab, by Messrs. Thrale Brothers, of
Newark. Above the inscription the arms of Thoroton
impaling those of Bonn are emblazoned in metal and
enamel, surmounted by a helm with mantling and the
crest of Thoroton also duly emblazoned. On a ribbon
beneath is the motto— DEVS SCVTVM ET CORNV
SALVTIS.

CAR COLSTON
CHURCH

48
CAR COLSTON ^ short service of dedication was held in the church

CHURCH .

at 3 p.m., the vicar, the Rev. Edward Robinson, officia-
ting. The following was the order of service : —

1 Hymn 221 (Ancient and Modern).

2 The Bidding Prayer (all standing).

3 The Unveiling.

4 I heard a voice from heaven, etc. (from

Burial Service).

5 Lesser Litany.
Our Father, etc.

Almighty God with whom the souls, etc.
O merciful God the Father, etc.

6 Hymn 438 (Ancient and Modern).

7 The Blessing.

The Bidding Prayer was said as follows : —

LET US PRAY for Christ's holy Catholic Church,
particularly that pure and reformed part of it established
in this kingdom : for all Christian Sovereigns, Princes and
Governors, especially His most excellent Majesty our
Sovereign Lord Edward, by the grace of God of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of
the Faith, over all persons and in all causes within his
dominions supreme : for our gracious Queen Alexandra,
George Prince of Wales, the Princess of Wales and all the
Royal Family : for the Lords of his Majesty's most honour-
able Privy Council : for the great Council of the Nation
(now assembled in Parliament) : for all the Nobility
Magistrates and Gentry of the Realm ; for the Ministers
and Dispensers of God's Holy Word and Sacraments,
whether they be Archbishops particularly Randall Thomas,
Lord Archbishop of this Province or Bishops particularly
the Bishop and Suffragan Bishop of this Diocese, or the
inferior clergy, the Priests and Deacons : that all these, in
their several stations, may serve truly and faithfully to the
honour of God and the welfare of his people, always

remembering that strict and solemn account which they CAR COLSTON

must give before the judgement seat of Christ. And that

there never may be wanting a supply of persons duly

qualified to serve God both in church and state, let us pray

for a blessing on all schools of sound learning and religious

education : lastly let us pray for all the Commons of the

realm : that they may live in the true faith and fear of

God, in dutiful allegiance to the King, in sincere and

conscientious communion with the Church of England and

in brotherly love and Christian charity one towards another.

And as we pray unto God for future mercies, so let us

praise Him for those we have already received : for our

Creation, Preservation, and all the blessings of this life, but

above all for our redemption through Christ Jesus : for

the means of grace afforded us here, and for the hope of

glory hereafter. Finally let us bless his most Holy Name

for all his servants departed this life in his faith and fear,

—particular the Vicars of this Parish, and builders and

Restorers of the Church : together with Gregory Henson :

John Whalley, Anna Margaret Sherard, and Robert Thoroton,

Benefactors of this House of God : and let us pray unto

God that we may have grace so to follow their good

example, that, this life ended, we may be partakers with

them of the glorious resurrection in the life everlasting :

These prayers and praises let us humbly offer up to the
Throne of Grace in the Words which Christ himself has
taught us :

Our Father, etc.

After the Bidding Prayer had been said, Mr. George
Fellows, who is descended from Dr. Thoroton's sister
Mary, unveiled the memorial, in the following words : —

" On behalf of the subscribers I now, as I have
" been asked, unveil and commit to the care of the Vicar
" and Churchwardens this Memorial Brass, erected to
" the Glory of God and in memory of Robert Thoroton,

D«. ROBERT
THOROTON

" Doctor and Historian, whose memory in this place
"they are anxious should not be forgotten, but rather,
" that he being dead should yet speak to us."

After the Blessing had been given, Mr. T. M. Blagg
read the following paper : —

DR. ROBERT THOROTON.
BY MR. T. M. BLAGG.

" Robert Thoroton, to honour whose memory we are
assembled here to-day, was the eldest child of his parents,
and the last of six generations of Roberts in direct male line

to reside in this parish. He was
born in the year 1623 or 1624,
but we do not know where. His
parents were married at St. Mary's
Church, in Nottingham, Nov. 30th,
1622, and, as his grandparents
were still living in the ancestral
home at Car-Colston, it is possible
that his parents resided elsewhere
during the first years of their
married life. At any rate, there
is no record of Robert's baptism
in the register of this parish,
nor of that of his sister Eliza-
beth, though his brothers Richard
(1627), Gervase (1630), his sister
Mary (1632), and his youngest
brother Thomas, in 1636, are all
entered as being baptised at Car-
Colston. The family of Thoroton
derived its name from the neigh-
bouring village of Thurverton or
Thoroton, where they were seated

as landowners as early as the middle of the 13th century.
Their property in this parish of Car-Colston was acquired
by marriage with the heiress of the family of Morin, who had
become possessed of it in like manner by an alliance with
the Lovetots, the wealthy family who had founded the
Priory of Radford-by-Worksop and endowed it with, among
other gifts, the rectory of this Church. Of this descent
from one of the great Norman families, Robert Thoroton
was always very proud. He refers to it on the tablet
which he erected to the memory of his grandfather, in 1664,
on the buttress near the chancel door ; he quartered the
arms of Lovetot and Morin on his shield, and he used the
Lovetot lion rampant to uphold the hunting-horn of Thoroton,
in the crest with which he surmounted the helm on his
achievement.

" Of Robert Thoroton's early years we know very
little. He took his B.A. degree at Christ's College, Cam-
bridge, in 1642-3, when 19 or 20 years of age ; proceeded
M.A. in 1646, and became Licentiate of Medicine. He is
afterwards described as M.D., though I do not know where
he took that degree. That he was properly entitled to it
seems undeniable, for he invariably uses it after his name,
in his pedigree, on the title page of his book, on his coffin, and
on the headstone to his grave. Thoroton married Anne,
daughter of Gilbert Bohun or Boun, serjeant-at-law, and
impales the arms of that knightly family upon his shield.
By Anne Bohun he had three daughters ; Anne, who married
Philip Sherard, grandson of William, Baron Leitrim in the
Peerage of Ireland; Mary, who was drowned in 1655; and
Elizabeth, who married John Turner, of Swanwick, in the
county of Derby. Thus Robert Thoroton left no descendants
in direct male line, and the family is now represented by the
descendants of his younger brother Thomas, one of whom
resided at Screveton, and married the heiress of the ancient
family of Hildyard of Winestead, in Holderness. The family
is now seated at Flintham, near here, under the name of
Thoroton- Hildyard. After his marriage Thoroton appears

DR- ROBFR

THOROTON

DR. ROBERT to have settled down at Car-Colston for the remainder of
his life, busying himself with his practice as a physician,
his duties as magistrate, and his hobby of genealogy. His
mother died in 1660, and his father probably lived with him,
and only pre-deceased him by five years. His ancient
house, the manor house of the Morins, so ruinous as far
back as 1510, that he records that, on his marriage in that
year, his grandfather's great-grandfather had patched it up
" by laying thatch upon the slates where any were left,"
had now become so bad that it was past further mending, so
in 1666 he pulled it down completely and built another house
close by, of the elevation of which a tiny sketch was made
by John Throsby, when he visited the village in 1792, and
reproduced in his book. This house in its turn became
ruinous (as Throsby records) and in 1812 was pulled down.
On its site was built the present Hall, the white house
occupied by Mr. Wilkinson, which we shall presently pass
as we go towards Screveton. In 1768 died Thoroton's
descendant, Margaret More Molyneux, daughter of his
grandson, Robert Sherard, and in 1781 trustees sold the
property to the Rev. Edward Heathcote, of East Bridgford,
for £3,100.

" It was during a visit to his friend Mr. Gervase Pigot,
of Thrum pton, that the incident occurred which formed a
turning point in Thoroton's life, and was the cause of his
attempting the work by which he is remembered. For,
staying at the same house, was one of the greatest anti-
quaries, heralds and genealogists that England has ever
produced, Mr. (afterwards Sir William) Dugdale, Norroy
King of Arms, and Mr. Pigot bringing out a manuscript
History of Nottinghamshire, which had been begun by
Gilbert Bohun, Thoroton's father-in-law, Dugdale urged the
Doctor to take up the work and complete it. Thoroton
appears to have straightway made a start, and in about
ten years, namely in 1677, produced the folio that is
so well known to all of us. The work is dedicated to
Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury, who during the

Commonwealth, had resided at the Hackers' House in the DR. ROBERT

adjoining parish of East Bridgford and had been personally

known to Thoroton, by whom he appears to have been

much beloved and esteemed. A letter to Dugdale is printed

as foreword to the volume, and in the following sentences

of courteous and happily-phrased English, Thoroton modestly

places the work under the protection of the master's name,

as was the custom of those days. ' Sir,' he says, * By your

hand, as it were, I present these Collections to the Nobility

and Gentry of our County, and to all other lovers of this

kind of knowledge, that your name may procure the Book

that esteem, which its own worth cannot give it : This

priviledge I claim and use with the greater confidence, not

only because I am sufficiently assured of your kindness and

good nature, but also because indeed you put me upon the

work, and therefore though I may not have done so much,

or so well as you intended I should, I think you are a little

obliged to countenance your own choice of the Instrument.'

After referring to the incident at Mr. Pigot's house, already

related, and lamenting his inability to get to York, so as

to have made use of the vast stores of information in the

Registry there, the Doctor concludes : ' Yet I have made

hard shift to be as little justly to blame in other things as

possibly I could, so that I hope you will not disown me ; and,

if you do not, I shall be less sollicitous what others think,

for I allow no man for a Judge who hath not done something

of this nature himself. And they that have, even for your

sake, I am sure will be apt to be merciful to

Your Faithful Friend and Servant,

ROB. THOROTON.'

" For the book itself, though we cannot claim that it
is the best county history ever written, we justly believe that
it is well in the front rank ; and the more one works at such
subjects oneself, and the more one has occasion to use the
book, the more is one astonished at the vast labour that it re-
presents, at the detail it displays, and at the accuracy of the

DR. ROBBRT matter it records. Chiefly genealogical in its effect, its pur-
pose was to record the descents of all the lands in each
parish during the nearly 600 years which had intervened
between the Domesday Survey and the compilation of
the Doctor's work. Though 230 years have elapsed
since it was published, it is the standard work on
our county, and must always remain the chief source of
information concerning it. The Doctor did not long survive
the completion of his great task. Just as, in our own day,
our greatest county writer, Mr. Cornelius Brown, was taken
from us as soon as he had finished the greatest of his works,
so Thoroton, in his day, was allowed but a short time in which
to taste the sweets of labour well done. On November 21st,
1678, he died, and was buried, two days later, in the great
stone coffin which six years earlier, realising the uncertainty
of this transitory life, he had prepared for the reception of
his body. In 1842, the coffin was discovered outside the
chancel door, near the buttress-tablet on which Thoroton
had recorded, in concise Latin, so terse and complete a
history of his family. In 1863, being in the way of drainage
operations, it was somewhat sacrilegiously taken up, and is
now to be seen in the vestry of the church, where its coped
lid and wealth of heraldic devices cause it to be an object of
much interest.

In 1901, the headstone, made from one of the stone
pre- Reformation altars of the church, was found beneath
the turf near the same spot, and has been removed into the
chancel, where it may be seen fixed against the north wall of
the sacrarium, in which it once served so sacred a purpose.1

In 1897, the Society of which we are members was founded
for the purpose of fostering all studies in the history, folk-lore,
genealogy, and archaeology of Nottinghamshire, and for the
preservation of its antiquities, and it was felt that it could be
given no more appropriate name than that of the man who by
his great industry had saved so much of its history from the

(*) See the Society's Transactions, Supplement, for 1901, page 55.

5* WILFRID : 5CREVETOM :
HOTTS:

^Co/? cf feef.

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,30

wreck of time. At the annual meeting of the Society, two DR. ROBERT
years ago, Colonel Mellish, who presided, suggested that
some memorial should be erected to the man whose name the
Society bears ; a subscription list was opened, and a
committee appointed by the Council, with the result that
the handsome brass, which has just been unveiled, has been
placed in this parish church to keep for ever bright the
memory of him who lived and died, who worked and wor-
shipped, in this place."

Before leaving the church, many of the visitors made
their way to the vestry where they inspected the stone
coffin and the parish register containing the entry of Dr.
Thoroton's burial, and the church plate, most of which
has been given by the Thoroton family. Mr. Blagg had
also placed there some prehistoric and other antiquities
found in the parish ; and, belonging to his family, two
parchment title-deeds bearing the signatures of Robert
Thoroton, his wife, father, and other relatives, and of
Samuel Brunsell, whose house was to be visited later
in the afternoon. There was also a little copy of the
lyric poet, Anacreon, with Dr. Thoroton's autograph
on it.

On leaving Car Colston, the party proceeded to
Screveton Church, where the Rev. J. Standish read the
following paper, dealing with the architectural features of
the church. He also added some biographical notes on
Richard Whalley and others.

SCREVETON CHURCH.
BY REV. J. STANDISH.

SCREVETON

In his additions to Thoroton, in 1790, John Throsby CHURCH
speaks of this church as dedicated to St. Winifred. This

SCREVETON dedication would be unique in the diocese. I take St. Winifred
CHURCH to be a mistake for gt Wilfrid. St. Winifred is a British
saint of the 17th century, whose life and legend are in-
timately connected with Holywell, in Flintshire. While St.
Winifred is not in any way connected with Nottinghamshire,
the intimate association of St. Wilfrid with this county may
be gathered from the number of churches dedicated to him.
These are Kelham, Calverton, Kingston-on-Soar, Kirkby-in-
Ashfield, Marnham, North Muskham, South Muskham,
Scrooby, Wilford, and Screveton. Throsby no doubt obtained
his information from Ecton's Thesaurus. Pre- Reformation
wills kept at York give St. Wilfrid.1

History explains the frequency of these dedications in
Nottinghamshire. In 664 Wilfrid took a prominent part in
the conference at Whitby, and was afterwards nominated to
the See of York. He was contemporary with Theodore of
Canterbury, and was brought, more than once, into unpleasant
relations with that great primate. This led to Wilfrid being
kept, at different times, out of his See of York ; but he was
a man of immense energy, and during these periods twice
visited Mercia, doing great missionary work and founding
many religious houses. He died at Oundle in Northampton-
shire, in the year 709, having been one of the most remark-
able of English churchmen, and a man of wonderful activity,
great resources, and conspicuous talents. Dr. Bright tells us
that with the death of Wilfrid closed a " great period," and
the period which succeeded was altogether inferior and
adorned by less splendid names.

There is one other point respecting this dedication.
Screveton Feast Day falls on the Sunday before St. Luke's
Day, the 18th of October. On this reckoning, the Feast Day
cannot be earlier than the llth, nor later than the 17th
October. St. Wilfrid's Day falls between these dates, namely
on October 12th ; on the other hand St. Winifred's Day is on
the 3rd November.

0) See Godfrey's " Bingham Churches," pages 387 and vii.

FONT, SCREVETOM CHURCH.

Going briefly through the architecture of the church, you SCREVETON
will find the oldest parts to be these : — the arch on the north CHURCH
side of the chancel, the easternmost lancet window on the
south side of the chancel, the beautiful font under the tower,
and the north arcade.

The arch, on the north side of the chancel, is of two
orders of chamfers, so obtusely pointed as to be almost semi-
circular, the pillars have the plain pointed bowtell moulding,
and the capitals have square abaci.

The two lancet windows, on the south side of the chancel,
are without any label mould, and the eastern one, untouched
by later hands, must be a very early window of its kind.
The respond at the east end of the south arcade has the cap
and abacus mould carried round a square pier ; but this
seems to be a restoration error. A somewhat similar idea
has been carried out on the respond at the east end of the
north arcade.

The font is specially interesting. It possesses a beautiful
arcade of intersecting arches, with pillars that are practically
disengaged from the body of the font. Above the arcade, the
rim of the font is adorned with leaf work and a con-
tinuous piece of cable work, one strand of which is enriched
with the nail-head ornament. The arcading runs closer on
the western side, and indicates that the mason has work-
ed without any plan or any preliminary striking out of his
design. At the ends of a diameter of the font, running
north and south, it should be noticed that the font has been
repaired by two pieces of new Roche stone, given by Lord
Scarbrough to the present rector. Apparently the font has
possessed a lid, with hinge at one side and hasp at the other.

Now what is the date of this font ? About 1170 is the
date generally given, and it is spoken of as transitional
Norman. But Rickman gives the date as 1140 for the
Ancaster font, and 1150 for the date of similar arcading at
Kelso, Scotland. We have examples of this arcading at
Southwell, Peterborough, Croyland, Lincoln, etc., not to
mention a ruder form of it at Stanton-on-the-Wolds. The

SCREVETON text books regard this arcading as Norman, where it is not
combined with the lancet arch. There is similar arcade work,
semicircular and intersecting, on the west front of Lincoln
Minster, the date of which lies within well-known limits. It
may be as early as 1123, and cannot be later than 1147. On
these grounds I am inclined to think that this Screveton font
may well be from thirty to forty years older than it is
generally said to be.

The aisles of the nave have been rebuilt and their walls
lowered, but judging from the windows, which have been
re-inserted, the north aisle comes next in date after the
chancel and the nave arcades. Its two three-light windows,
with intersecting mullions, belong to the earlier half of the
14th century, and are very early Decorated work. The
windows at the east and west ends of the north aisle have
the hollow chamfer, and are probably of the early Decorated
period.

The arcades of the nave are Early English work. The
bases on the north side have a very early three-roll mould,
and one on the south side the later water-mould. The two
square-headed windows of two lights each belong to the late
Decorated period, and are possibly fifty years later in date
than the arcades (i.e., circa 1380). There is half a similar
window at the west end of the south aisle, and at the east
end, a still later insertion in the shape of a small Per-
pendicular window of three lights. Between the latter
and the adjoining window of the south aisle, a piscina was
discovered during a restoration in the year 1884. The name
of the chapel which it implies is not known. Its basin is
ornamented with a conventional lily, of which the petals are
disposed in a circle. It is late Decorated work, I think,
contemporary with the square-headed windows.

In the first volume of our Transactions, the writer on
this church says " the tower was the last addition, late in the
sixteenth century." I cannot reconcile myself to this state-
ment, as the square-headed west window of three lights, and
the diagonal buttresses, and the moulding of the string

courses are marks of the Decorated period. The string mould- SCREVETON
ing is also found in Early English work. CHURCH

The present fittings of the church are all modern, though
the bench-ends in the choir have been modelled on older
work. The priest's stall, on the north side of the chancel,
has an old miserere seat built into it, worthy of inspection.

In 1881, the following work was done on the chancel : —
Gable built up with new coping and cross, new roof, new east
window, and one new small lancet window on south side.
Blocked-up archway in north wall opened out and new
sacristy enclosing it and east window of north aisle of nave ;
new buttresses, and walls repaired generally where required ;
new floor, of Minton tiles, with steps; new altar and rail;
new oak stalls for two priests and choir.

In 1884, the north and south walls of the aisles, and the
east wall of the south aisle were taken down and rebuilt from
the foundations ; the heads of the windows re-inserted with
new mullions throughout ; new roofs to nave and aisles, with
red tiles ; new door (made of old beams of nave roof) on
north side ; new porch on south side, replacing dilapidated
one of red brick ; new buttresses throughout excepting tower
buttresses ; new coping and cross ; nave and aisles re-seated.

The Whalley monument, now under the tower and
formerly in the chancel, must not be forgotten. In his recent
book, Mr. John T. Godfrey gives an accurate description and
a good illustration of it.

The monument is a fine example of the splendid series of
alabaster tombs in this and other countries. Two articles on
this subject, dealing with the centre and extent of this
industry, will be found in volumes X and LXI of the
Archaeological Journal. The papers are written by Mr.
Richardson and Mr. St. John Hope respectively. The trade
from the Midlands with France has been indicated in Mr. W.
Stevenson's paper in volume XI of our Transactions.
How far French examples may be English work can only be
settled after a minute comparison of many English and
French examples. A small volume published by the Lanca-

CHURCH

SCREVRTOM shire Historic Society, on the Lydiate monuments, near
Liverpool, gives illustrations of the separate panels. I would
suggest the photographing of separate panels, as well as of
complete monuments, as a better means of comparison and
as a fair way to some definite conclusion.

Under the tower you will also find part of a tomb, which
came from the south aisle (east end) ; part of a 15th century
sepulchral slab; with incised cross on it ; and a stone on the
window cill with some late llth century rope-work on
it. Notice the old chest at the west end of the nave. It is
unusually long and has two compartments. The lid of the
left hand compartment has a slit in the centre of it, through
which, centuries ago, many coins must have been dropped.
The chest has ironwork fittings, and has apparently been
worked out of one solid piece of wood ; hence our use of
the word "trunk" in the sense of " a portable box or chest."

In the churchyard, notice the sundial ; also the old yew
tree, which consists of parent stem and daughter tree, the
parent stem being shorn of its branches.

Not a few distinguished men have been more or less
connected with Screveton, and of these, notices of Richard
Whalley, the politician, Robert Recorde, the mathematician,
Edward Whalley, the regicide, William Goffe, his son-in-law,
Manners-Sutton, Archbishop, of Canterbury, and George
Christopher Hopkinson, the meteorologist and writer on
education will be found in the Dictionary of National
Biography. The last two were formerly rectors of Screveton.

As parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster, the inhabitants of
Screveton were exempt from market and other tolls through-
out the kingdom. As certificates of exemption in connection
with this feudal privilege are rare, Mr. T. M. Blagg has kindly
lent, for reproduction, his great-great-grandfather's certificate.

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SCRKVETON

Before leaving Screveton, members had the privilege
of seeing a number of curios in the possession of Mrs.

Bury. Besides the two
already named, as belong-
ing to Margidunum, the
following items were on
view : — two bronze kelts,
a small iron axe, thought
to be the top-piece of a
helmet, a thurible, a sacr-
ing bell without tongue
and with suspension rings,
an umbo of a Danish
shield, in a very crumbling
state, a bottle stamp of
wax, with I.W. on it;
none of which could be
located. The remaining
two large keys were locat-
ed ; the round handled one having been dug up in
Screveton Churchyard in 1881, and the ogee-handled
one in Chapel Close, Bingham. The latter possibly
belonged to St. Helen's Chapel, mentioned in Thoroton.

As the party returned towards Car Colston, Brunsell
Hall, a I7th century brick house, was inspected ; per-
mission to do so having been kindly granted by the
present tenant, Dr. Laws, and the following paper was
read there by Mr. T. M. Blagg.

BRUNSBLL HALL.

BY MR. T. M. BLAGO.

This house, or rather what is left of it, is known by the
name of Brunsell Hall, and is so marked on the Ordnance
Survey maps of the district. It is named from the man
who built it, and whose family lived in it, Samuel Brunsell,
Doctor of Divinity. About the years 1660 and 1664, Dr.
Brunsell bought lands from the Thoroton family, as appears
by the title deeds which have been shown to you, and he
also bought a messuage and certain lands from William
Kirke, which in the time of Richard II. were Robert
Chaworth's, and upon this land, as Thoroton records, " the
said Doctor hath built a brick house, being very near
Screveton Church, of which he was also Rector." In the
portion which remains of that house we are now standing.
The house which occupied this site previously belonged
to Richard Kirke, who, being a Roman Catholic, was forced
to convey it to his brother William, and died in
prison. As there is a legend that treasure is buried in the
garden it may be speculated whether Richard may not have
hidden his money and plate, and handed over only his real
estate.

The Brunsell family came out of Wiltshire, and the
Doctor's brother Henry had married the daughter of
Christopher Wren, Dean of Windsor, but I'm afraid we
cannot prove that her relative, the great architect, designed
the room in which we now are ! Dr. Samuel Brunsell
was born in 1619, and was a wealthy and powerful dignitary
of the church. In 1660 he was Prebendary of Nassington
in the Cathedral Church of Lincoln, and in 1664 succeeded
his brother Henry Brunsell, who became a Prebendary in
the Cathedral of Ely, to the Prebend of Norvvell Tertia Pars
in the Collegiate Church of Southwell. He had held the
incumbency of Bingham during the Commonwealth, but was
not formally instituted to that rich rectory until 1662. He
became Rector of Screveton also in 1663, but resigned the

BRUNSELL living in 1671, and was instituted Vicar of Upton, but
resigned in 1683. He was appointed Vicar-General to the
Chapter of Southwell in 1669. He died in residence at
Southwell, 17th January, 1687-8, and was buried in Bingham
church two days later. The documents relating to his
various appointments I have brought for your inspection,
as also the printed copy of a sermon which he preached
in Newark church on the day of the happy Restoration
of the Monarchy. His son, Henry Brunsell, succeeded him
as Rector of Bingham.

Dr. Brunsell, in his capacity as Rector of Bingham,
is said to have been one of the last men to officially " lay "
a ghost. The said ghost frequented Chapel Lane, at Bingham,
and much annoyed and perturbed the good folk of the town.
One cause why ghosts " walk " is supposed to be this, — that
the material body has not received Christian burial. A grave
was accordingly dug in Bingham churchyard and a coffin
prepared. Whether the coffin, with the lid invitingly open
was left overnight in Chapel Lane, or whether by cunning
incantations the graveless sprite was coaxed to enter it, I
do not know ; or whether in the morning or at the dread hour
of midnight the ghostly cortege moved ; but this has been told
to me by an old man whose grandmother heard it from her
grandmother (all Bingham folk), that Dr. Brunsell, majestic
in wig and gown, with the populace in procession, escorted
that coffin, borne on bier shoulder high, from Chapel Lane to
the churchyard, where the solemn burial service was read
and the coffin lowered into the grave. Thenceforth that
restless spirit troubled no more the good people of Bingham,
as he who doubts my story may prove, by keeping vigil by
himself in Chapel Lane, any night he likes !

The members of the Brunsell family who continued
to reside at Car-Colston led very scandalous lives and
came to a bad end, and the property passed into the
possession of my own ancestors, the Sampeys, in 1759."

From Brunsell Hall, the party went to the Vicarage
barn at Car Colston, where tea was provided ; and at
5.30 a start was made for Nottingham, and a memorable
half-day's excursion brought to a close soon after 7 p.m.

SUPPLEMENT.

flMate i

Photograph by H. Gill.
THE PRIORY CHURCH FROM THE SOUTH.

Beawmlc Cbarterbouse, IRotte,

BY THE REV. A. Du BOULAY HILL,

AND
MR. HARRY GILL.

Order of
Carthusian
Monks was found-
ed at La Chart-
reuse, in Savoy, in
1084, by Bruno, a
native of Cologne
and Chancellor of
the Cathedral at
Rheims. Their
Rule is the most
strict of all the
Religious Orders
which sprang from
the Benedictines ;
isolated from the
world, almost even isolated from each other in silence
within the walls of their monasteries (called in England
Charterhouses), they mapped out every hour of their
day with its proper occupation of prayer, meditation, or
labour.

Nicholas de Cantilupo, 17 Edward III., founded a
Carthusian monastery in honour of the Blessed Trinity,
for a prior and twelve monks, at Beauvale, in Netting-

hamshire, the Charter of Foundation being dated 9
December, 1343.

The connection of the family of Cantilupe with the
county of Nottingham began with Nicholas, the grand-
father of the founder,1 who became lord of the manors
of Greseley and Ilkeston, through his marriage with
Eustachia, sister and heiress of Hugh Fitz-Ralph. His
fine effigy, in surcoat and chain-mail with shield
bearing the Cantilupe arms, is in the chancel of the
Church of St. Mary, at Ilkeston.

His grandson, Nicholas, a friend and companion of
Edward III., obtained leave to fortify his house at
Greseley in 1341, and a few years later, to found a
Charterhouse there. At his own home, in these perilous
times, not long before the battle of Crecy, he would
provide that prayer should be continually offered, for
the glory of God, for the welfare of his king and
archbishop, for the souls of his father and mother and
first wife Typhonia, and for himself and his wife Joan,
at the " Pulchra vallis in parco de Greseleye."

In point of time, the Beauvale Charterhouse was
the third of the nine houses of the Carthusian Order
established in England. Of the two earlier Charterhouses,
both in Somersetshire, there is nothing now remaining at
Witham (1180), and but little at Hinton (1227). A good
deal is known of the London Charterhouse (1371), but
that at Mount Grace, in Yorkshire (1398), is the only
one in England where all the peculiar arrangements of
the Order can be seen ; and a comparison of the
remains at Mount Grace with those at Beauvale now to
be described, is of great interest.

Beauvale Charterhouse is situated in a pleasant

(') The Registrum Prioratus de Greseley sive Bella Valle of Prior
Wartre (Brit. Mus. Add. MS., 6060) gives a curious genealogical account
of the founder's family.

plate ii.

Photograph by H. Gill.
GENERAL VIEW OF THE RUIN FROM THE NORTH-WEST.

valley falling to the west, in the parish of Greasley, nine
miles north-west from Nottingham. It stands upon an
artificially levelled site, with a wooded hill rising on the
north. With the exceptions of the gatehouse and the
eastern precinct wall, parts of the north and south walls
of the church, and a square building three storeys in
height and attached to the south-west angle of the church,
little now remains above ground, and that little is in-
corporated in modern farm buildings. (Plate II.)

In May, 1908, permission was given by Lord Lucas
and Lady Desborough to the Thoroton Society, to
excavate the site, with the object of ascertaining the
plan of the monastic buildings. This was no easy task,
because the place has for a long period served as a
quarry for building materials. Moreover, the mediaeval
builders paid but little attention to foundation work ; no
squared stones were put in below the ground level, and in
some cases there was only a line of rough rubble masonry
to measure to. The difficulty of the task was further
increased by the fact that a great accumulation of debris
had to be cleared away before the foundations were
reached.

The buildings occupied a rectangular area, 47oft.
from east to west, and 2goft. from north to south,
surrounded by a wall, now only remaining on the east
side. This part of the wall is continued ii5ft. further
south, and joins the gate-house block, which forms the
south side of a smaller rectangular extension, giving an
L-shape to the whole area.

THE GATE-HOUSE AND EASTERN WALL.

The gate-house stands at the south-east corner, and
gave entrance by an archway on either side with plain
double chamfers carried to the ground. Both arches
have disappeared from above the springers, and the
openings are now walled up ; the west wall of the gate-

house, with a door in the middle, remains, but the east
wall has been entirely removed. The gate-house is
flanked by two rooms, each 2oft. square, and divided
into two bays by a large beam that has curved braces
and supports an upper floor. The whole upper storey is
gone, and perhaps consisted only of half-timber lofts, to
which access was gained by an external flight of stone
steps at the western end. The eastern room has a small
window in the outer wall near to the entrance, which
probably indicates the position of the porter's lodge, and
two small windows and a doorway in the inner wall.
The western room (the guest house) has a three-light
square-headed window in the outer wall, and a small loop
in the inner wall.

The gate-house range certainly extended further
west than the existing remains, apiparently with stables
or storehouses running at right angles, and forming with
the precinct wall a small quadrangular court within the
gate. Modern farm buildings now occupy the site of it.

The eastern precinct wall runs northwards from the
end of the gate-house range for nearly 40oft. It is
33ins. thick and 8ft. high, capped with flat stones, and
has putlog holes, about lift, apart, passing through the
wall. About 85ft. from the gate-house end there was
an opening for a large gateway, now used as the entrance
to the farm, but only one jamb remains. Some Soft,
further on there is a small doorway with chamfered
jambs, the purpose of which may have been to lead to
the large fish-pond just outside the wall.

THE GREAT CLOISTER.

The western half of the main rectangular area was
occupied by the great cloister and its surrounding cells
with their gardens, a peculiar feature of a Charterhouse.
The cloister court, in which the uncomned bodies of the

monks were buried, measured igoft. from east to west,
and 1 86ft. from north to south, and was enclosed by a
36in. wall, three sides of which were parallel to, and at
a distance of 43ft. within, the north, west and south
precinct walls.

The strip of ground, forty-three feet wide, between the
cloister wall and the outer wall on these three sides,
was divided up into a number of little gardens, in which
stood the separate cells of the monks. The five gardens
and cells occupying the north side have been fairly well
made out, though nothing now remains above the
ground. Each garden was 43ft. square, but the
one at the north-west corner was somewhat longer
than the others, thus giving space for the entrance to the
cell at the angle of the cloister. Allowing the same
space for each garden there would be room for four more
along the western side and five on the southern side of
the cloister, which gives accommodation for the twelve
monks of the original foundation, together with two
others provided for by the foundation of a chantry by
William de Aldeburgh, for which license was granted
I377-8« It seems probable that this addition to the
number was made before the monastic buildings, which
are evidently of subsequent date to the church, were
laid out.1

The cells in the northern range were all of the same
size and plan, and occupied the south-east angle of each
garden. Each cell was a substantially-built house of
two storeys, with an internal measurement of 2oft.

(l) Tanner, Notitia, p. 411, states that at the dissolution the monks
of Beauvale had increased to nineteen, but this number seems to include
others from London, who took the oath to the King at the same time.
The existence of other cells at Beauvale has not been ascertained.
Pensions were awarded only to seven monks and two conversi, or aged
men.

square. The garden and cell, No. 3 on the plan, the
middlemost on the north side, has been most thoroughly
excavated, and by reference to the far more complete
remains at Mount Grace, described by Mr. W. H. St.
John Hope,1 we can reconstruct, in imagination, the
dwelling in which a monk of Beauvale passed the greater
part of his solitary life. (Plate III.)

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The cell (No. 3) was entered by a doorway in the
cloister wall, the doorstep having a broadly chamfered
edge. By the side of the door there was a square opening
or hatch in the cloister wall, running back about
2ft. in the thickness of the wall, and then turning at
right angles to an inner opening in the jamb within the
door. Through this opening, or "turn," the daily supply
of food was passed, silently and invisibly, to the monk
within. Inside the door a bell was hung, by which the monk
was aroused at 5.45 a.m. by the " excitator," and which

Yorkshire Archceological Journal, vol. xviii., p. 292.

was also rung by the two monks whose duty it was to
bring dinner to the hatch at 10 a.m. No one was allowed
to enter the cell but the monk himself and the prior,
except in the case of sickness, when the monk would
be specially attended in his cell ; for there was no
infirmary in a Charterhouse.

The interior of the cell was divided by wooden
partitions standing on a stone curb, into four rooms on
the ground floor : (i) a lobby, 4ft. wide, into which the

IMate in.

A DETAIL PLAT!

>3ricwiriG one? or TTTE cou

CLO/STER ALLEY

MCN& [TOIL

door from the cloister opened ; on the right of this would
be the wooden staircase leading from the living room to
the upper floor, and at the other end of the lobby was a
door leading into the garden ; (2) a large living room
with fireplace and tiled floor, a step higher than the
lobby, with another door opening into the garden, and a
window by the side of the door ; (3) a smaller chamber,
which served as bedroom and oratory, with a window
looking into the garden ; (4) a still smaller chamber in
the free corner of the cell, which served as a study, and
probably had two small windows. No actual evidence of
the partition which separated this smaller room has
been seen at Beauvale.

The upper floor probably consisted of one large
room with windows looking into the garden. This was
the monk's work-room, in which the few hours not
occupied with devotions, meals, and necessary work in
cell or garden, were employed in literary, artistic, or
manual occupations. A monk at Mount Grace is recorded
as having a weaving loom in his cell.

The cell was roofed at a low pitch with stone tiles,
the ridge set parallel to the cloister wall and abutting
against stone gables, one being surmounted by the
chimney of the fireplace, the other by a stone cross.
The stones of an octagonal chimney with embattled top
were found lying in this cell : the circular cap of a
chimney of another design was found in another place.
An ornamental cusped gable-cross was also found
here, which may be seen among the fragments shown
in Plate IV. It was fixed to its base by an iron dowel,
but in another instance the gable top has a mortise-hole
large enough to receive the foot of the cross.

In the garden there were two wooden pentises
against the wall, each 4ft. wide, and erected on low
curbs, loin. wide. One ran from the lobby door along

the cloister wall, and was provided with a gully which
carried off the water from half the roof, and a leaden
pipe with tap for the water supply. The leaden pipe
was found in sitii in No. 2 cell, where the cloister wall
had been disturbed, no doubt in remedying a defect
in the water supply. The other pentise led from the
door of the living room along the division wall of the
garden to the outer wall, where a small doorway gave
access to a garde-robe built of wood over an open stream
which ran round the outer wall of the monastery past
the ends of all the gardens. Near to this door there
is a water-tank about 2ft. deep. This part of the area
is on rising ground, and consequently there is a step
up from the first described pentise into the garden, and
two steps at the further end of the other to the
garde-robe door ; a small retaining wall was built to
keep the soil away from the north side of the dwelling,
leaving a passage, along which runs a covered drain
of stone slabs, to carry the water from the pentise and
half roof on this side round the north-west angle
of the cell. The garden walls were probably, as at
Mount Grace, about 8ft. high, and had an angled
coping of three courses.

Parallel to the cloister wall, and at a distance of
4ft. from it, the foundation of another 36in. wall was
found, having buttresses, and forming a cloister alley.
At the eastern end of the north alley the cloister wall
is set back for the last soft., so as to give a wider
approach of 8ft. to a door at its east end, through which
access was gained to the north door of the church.
The wider approach indicates that this was intended
to be used by the monks coming from their cells, but
the door appears to have been walled up in subsequent
alterations.

The east side of the great cloister, beginning at this

door in the north-east corner, is formed for 23ft. by a
24in. wall enclosing a small court between the cloister
and the west end of the church. The next 3oft. is
occupied by a building of three storeys, of which the
.upper part is of later construction, with a range of three
windows overlooking the cloister. It fills the space
between the cloister and the south-west angle of the
church and will, with the small court, be more fully
described later as the Prior's house. Two doorways in
the basement of this building open into the cloister.
The wall in which they are set has been rebuilt, but
the arches and jambs are no doubt original, and for-
tunately preserve for us the pattern of the doorways
to the monks' cells all round the demolished cloister.
The first door leads by a vaulted passage, rising a step
in the middle, into a smaller cloister on the south side
of the church ; the second door opens on to a vice,
or winding stair, giving access to the two upper storeys.
(Plate IV.)

Two of the corbels, which carried the wall plate
of the pentise roof of the cloister alley, remain in the
wall over the doors, with the weather-mould above them,
and the paving of the alley can still be traced on the
ground below.

Continuing southwards, the cloister wall has been
destroyed for s6ft., beyond which the farm-house wall
has been built upon the line of its foundations, incor-
porating part of the old wall.

The general position of the west and south sides
of the great cloister is indicated by some slight remains,
particularly at the south-east angle of the outer wall.
Between this angle and another portion of wall running
east, there is an opening of gft. gin., which may have
been in connection with the drainage of the precinct.
It has not at present been possible to ascertain the

plate iv.

Photograph by H. Gill.

STAIRCASE DOORWAY IN GREAT CLOISTER,
WITH FRAGMENTS OF MASONRY.

position of any more boundary wall or other buildings
lying between the south-east angle of the great cloister
and the gate-house block, to complete the circuit of the
monastery.

THE CHURCH.

We now pass to the eastern half of the enclosed
area. The most important building in the monastery,
and in this case the first to be erected, is the church.
Like all other unaltered Carthusian churches, it was a
plain building in one span, without aisles or arcades.
It is placed parallel to, and at a distance of 4yft. within,
the north precinct wall ; the east end is about goft.
from the east precinct wall, and the west end is parallel
to the east cloister wall, from which it is separated by
a small intervening courtyard I5ft. in width. The walls
are 54in. in thickness. It is impossible now to determine
whether the north wall was free from attached buildings.
The three projections in its length appear to have been
buttresses ; they may have been cross walls, but there is
nothing left to indicate how far they extended northwards.
There was a diagonal buttress at the north-west angle
of this wall.

Internally the width is 27ft., and the walls have
been traced to a length of ii2ft., but the eastern
foundations have not been discovered. There is some
indication however of an eastern extension, forming a
bay of about I5ft. in width, and the existence of
something of this kind is corroborated by the recollection
of old people.

Towards the western end of the church some portions
of the walls — about 24ft. of the north wall, and 64ft. of the
south wall, are still standing, partly to their full height.
The southern lift, of the west wall, as far as the jamb
of the west window, forms part of the wall of the three-
storeyed building already mentioned, which is built

with a straight joint against the south-west angle of
the church. The great west window had an opening of
I2ft., a portion of the south jamb remains in situ, and
broken fragments of its tracery have been unearthed.
In the south wall there is a large three-light Perpendicular
window, apparently an insertion of a slightly later
date. Its arch is complete, but the mullions and tracery
have fallen out. There is no evidence of any window
on the north side. A few small fragments of I4th
century glass have been found, having a diaper on
enamel surface. f

The church had two entrances, one on each side at
the extreme west. The large door on the north was
approached from the door at the widened east end of
the north cloister alley, and it was protected by a
pentise, of which traces are to be seen on the standing
portion of the north wall, continued beyond the entrance.
The doorway on the south is smaller ; it has a segmental
inner arch, and descends by two steps into a cloister
alley against the south wall of the church, close to the
end of the vaulted passage mentioned as leading from
the great cloister. A second door in the south wall,
26ft. further to the east, was blocked up at an early date.
It has an inner segmental arch, but no trace of it
appears outside.

A Carthusian church consisted of two quires, a
western for the use of the conversi or Lay brethren
employed upon the farm, and an eastern for the use of
the monks. Other lay folk were not admitted, or at
least only allowed as guests in an enclosed gallery. No
trace of the pulpitum, or screen with gallery over it which
separated the two quires, can be seen in the standing
walls, but at 72ft. from the west end the tile flooring
ceases at what was doubtless a step, the gradus chori, at
the east end of the monks' stalls. At the south end

plate v,

Photograph by H. GUI.

THE SMALL CLOISTER
ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE CHURCH.

of the step there was a door leading to the first chamber
of a block of buildings running south from the church.

The Presbytery extended 4oft. east of the gradus
chori, and here another line marking the termination
of the tile floor is met with. No signs of an altar base
have been found, and it still remains to be ascertained
if the church extended, as is probable, a bay further east.

The floor tiles used in the western part of the
church were nin. square, plain black and yellow tiles
laid alternately. A band of 5jin. tiles of various patterns
irregularly disposed formed the floor below the gradus
chori.

In the portion of the north wall still standing, there
is part of a recessed arch for a tomb, west of the monks'
quire, but no worked stone or inscribed slab remains
to show whether this was the tomb of the founder.
A corbel for the support of a tie-beam strut is to be
seen in the south wall.

THE SMALL CLOISTER.

On the south side of the church there was a small
cloister (Plate V.) bounded on the west by the line of
buildings which formed also the eastern side of the
great cloister. The building called the prior's house
occupies the first i6ft., and the site of the rest is partly
covered by the modern farm-house.

The north side, extending for 6oft. against the
church wall, had a cloister alley 6ft. in width, which was
no doubt continued round other sides of the cloister.
Five corbels and a weather-mould are still to be seen
in the church wall, indicating the pentise roof, the slope
of which is shown by a chase in the return wall at the
west. The last 3ft. of the weather-mould are embedded
in this wall, — a proof that the church was completed

first. At the west end of the alley, an arch of two
orders, springing from moulded corbels, led by the
vaulted passage directly into the great cloister.

The eastern side of the small cloister is formed by
an interesting range of buildings, not quite at right angles
with the church, and not bonded into it. The cloister
wall still remains to a height of 4ft. above the floor line
for a length of I2oft, showing four doorways and a recess
at its southern end, but a gap has been made in this
wall where the farm road enters the enclosure.

The first doorway, next the church, 3ft. 6in. wide,
leads into an important room which was also entered
from the church by the south door of the presbytery.

In each of its two western angles there is a small
circular shaft, with a bead above a square base. The
shafts are missing from the eastern angles, but it may
be concluded that they are vaulting shafts, and that the
room was vaulted in one bay (Plate VI.). The tiled floor
appears to have been re-laid at some time, many broken
tiles being used and no regularity of pattern being pre-
served. This may have been the result of interments. If
this was the Chapter-house, as its position might suggest,
some evidence of the altar which the Carthusians usually
placed there was to be expected, but none has been
found. In the opinion of so competent an authority
as Mr. W. St. John Hope, the Chapter-house was
more probably to the north-east of the church, as at
Mount Grace and London ; but up to the present no
foundations of any attached building have been discovered
there, and as the church wall does not remain above
the floor line, no evidence has been found of any doorway
on that side.

The second doorway in the east alley led originally
into a chapel lift. 6in. wide ; but an alteration has
taken place here, and a wall has been built cutting off

flMate vi.

Photograph by H, Gill.
BASE OF AN ANGLE SHAFT.

8ft. of the western part of the chapel. This seems
to have been for the purpose of raising a small tower,
for the side walls have been thickened so as to leave an
unpaved floor-space only 6ft. square, and on the right
of the doorway a winding staircase has been inserted
in the wall. After this alteration the chapel must have
been entered from the room just described, but the wall
is here destroyed below the floor line. The chapel is
paved with tiles of various patterns, including many
alphabet tiles, and the Cantilupe shield. At the east
end a strip of plain tiles formed a foot-pace 4ft. wide
for an altar-base 6ft. by 2ft. 6in. A slab suiting these
dimensions and bevelled on three sides is now used at
the farm pump.

The third doorway in the alley is 4ft. 6in. in width,
and leads to a wide entry of lift, with a doorway at the
other end opening to some buildings further east, which
have not given any result from excavation. A narrow
room was perhaps a vestry entered from the church.
It has a tiled floor, which has sunk considerably owing
to mining operations, the seams of coal lying about
200 yards below the monastery site, having been worked
out in recent years. It is interesting to note in passing
that the monks of Beauvale were pioneers in the coal
mining industry, for at the time of the suppression their
coal pits at Selston were valued at a considerable sum.
(Valor Ecclesiasticus, Henry VIII., vol. v., p. 156.
Valet in exit' et pvoficuis carbonu maritim', £xx.)

South of this passage is a room 25ft. by 22ft., the
outer walls of which have been destroyed by the farm
road.

The fourth existing doorway is a small one of
2ft. loin, opening. It is igft. from the south wall of the
last-mentioned room, and this space is partly occupied
on the inside by a thick mass of masonry, having the

commencement of a flight of steps immediately to the
left of the door on entering. This room was at least
4oft. long, for no other cross wall was encountered for
that distance, when all traces of the buildings are lost.
It may have been the Prater, where the monks dined
together in silence, at 10 a.m. on Sundays and Feast
days. In the cloister wall, just beyond the doorway,
there is a recess ift. gin. in depth and loft, in length,
probably for the stone trough of a lavatory in the
cloister alley.

The south side of this cloister, in which would have
been the kitchen, bakehouse, and brewhouse, has dis-
appeared altogether. There is a deep well near the
centre of the south end of the cloister area.

THE PRIOR'S HOUSE AND COURT.

Reference has been made to the small court and tall
building occupying the space between the west end of
the church and the great cloister, and these will now
be described. The north boundary of the court is
formed by an irregular shaped mass built against the
angle buttress of the church, leaving room for a doorway
in the north-west corner. This end of the court is paved
with plain tiles, and has a gully leading to a drain for
rain-water.

The south side of the court is formed by the three-
storeyed building which overlaps part of the west end
of the church. In the wall of it there is, next the church,
a small doorway leading into a vaulted cellar, approached
by a paved pentise under the west window ; and next
the cloister wall is an arched doorway at the head of an
external flight of steps leading to a room above the
ground storey. Neither of these doors has a weather-
mould, as they were under a pentise roof, shown by a
projecting string sloping up from the sill of the west

plate vn.

Photograph by H. Gill.
THE COURT OF THE PRIOR'S HOUSE.

window to the spring of the upper door. A chase over
this door indicates a pentise over the steps, which sloped
down to a small buttress near their foot. (Plate VII.)

The ground storey of this building is divided by
two cross walls into three oblong spaces, each with a
plain vault. The middle space forms the passage from
the south side of the church into the great cloister, and
the two side spaces were cellars, one opening into the
small court, and the other into the great cloister.

The robm over may have been the prior's cell in
the original plan, approached by the steps in the small
court, but there is no " turn " to be found at this entrance.
At the end of the I5th century it seems that the prior's
cell was rebuilt, and made into the more pretentious
and comfortable dwelling still standing to its full height
of three storeys, but with a modern roof. (Plate II.)
It was found necessary to strengthen the wall on the
cloister side by increasing the thickness from 24in. to
36in. A circular stair was introduced, occupying nearly
half the cellar on the south side, by which access was
gained to the two upper floors, and the doorway was
reset in the new masonry. (Plate IV.) The wall at the
western end of the passage through was similarly
thickened, and a corbelled lintel was introduced to
carry it, inside the doorway. The wall in the cellar
on the north was not thickened, but corbelled out to its
new dimensions above the vault, where the later masonry
of larger stone and good ashlar commences.

The large room on the first floor was lighted by
two two-light windows, on the north and east sides. A
large square fireplace remains in the south wall. A
partition probably divided the room off from the old
entrance, that part of the floor being at a lower
level. The vice occupying the south-west corner
is here lighted by a small loop. The upper floor provided

a very pleasant room, 2ift. by I2ft. 6in, having a small
hooded fireplace in the south wall, and lighted by a range
of three two-light square-headed windows, overlooking
the great cloister. All the windows of the later work
are without hood moulds and have flat sills.

It may have been in connection with these altera-
tions that the door leading from the widened alley in the
north-east corner of the great cloister was walled up,
so that access to the little court and to the north door
of the church was limited to the lay brothers approaching
from without, and the monks would now pass through
the passage under the prior's house, and enter the church
by the south door.

The material used in building the monastery was
local calcareous sandstone of a dark red colour, obtained
from a quarry on the hill side, laid in random courses,
and roughly hammer - dressed on the external faces.
The internal faces, and perhaps, the external faces also,
were plastered. The dressings to windows, doors, &c.,
were of grit stone from over the Derbyshire border.
Judging by the few fragments of mouldings and window
tracery that remain, the buildings were of a simple
and unpretentious character, very similar in all respects
to many Nottinghamshire churches of late I4th century
work.

The monastery had an excellent supply of water
from a spring, now known as Robin Hood's well, which
rises in the wood half-a-mile away. The water was
impounded at the north-east corner of the site, and
carried thence in open streams round the outside wall of
the cloister gardens, and also to a large fish pond on the
east, near the gate-house. Water was laid on in leaden
pipes to each xcell, possibly from a conduit or cistern
which may have stood, as at the London and Mount

Grace Charterhouses, in the great cloister.

FLOOR TILES.

The tiles found during the excavations are numerous
and interesting. They are of two kinds, viz. : (i) Large
plain glazed tiles nin. by nin. by ijin., some light
yellow and others black : (2) Encaustic tiles, 5jin. by
5£in. by fin. They were probably made at the well-
known Nottingham or Dale Abbey kilns. Similar tiles
are to be found, not only throughout the county, but in
cities as far apart as York and Exeter. It would appear
that the wooden stamps were transferred from place to
place, quite regardless of the fact that some of the
patterns were heraldic and represented the arms or
badges of persons who had no connection with the church
or district in which the tiles are found. The " quarrels "
were formed of clay and partly dried in the sun ; the
pattern was then impressed with a wooden stamp and
clay of a lighter colour, called "slip," was poured into
the grooves. The tile was then coated with a glaze and
burnt in a kiln. The result was a tile of varying shades
of brown or black with a pattern in yellow. This
method of manufacture explains the blurs which some-
times occurred owing to the excess of yellow slip left on
the tile. Some of the tiles are worn until all the glaze
is removed from the surface, and they now appear as
red tiles with a pattern formed by depressions without
any colour. Fac-similes of the patterns found at Beau-
vale are shown on Plates VIII. and IX. They are all
of 1 4th century type — chiefly heraldic or grotesque, —
and it is interesting to notice that in many instances
no allowance has been made for the reversal of the
pattern on the stamp, so that nearly all the heraldic
charges are impressed the reverse way.

No. i. Arms of the founder, Nicholas Cantilupe, Gules,
a fess vair between three leopard's heads jessant-de-lis
or.1 This, as might be expected, is the pre-
dominant pattern. The leopard faces are
indistinct, and in some of the tiles the vair is
roughly represented by triangles.

No. 2. Geometrical patterns ; repeating with four tiles,
— a common feature of the Decorated period.

No. 3. Arms of Zouch. Gules, 7 muscles conjoined
3 3 and 1 or. William la Zouch, Archbishop of
York, confirmed the charter of foundation as
Diocesan.

No. 4. Letters of the Latin alphabet in Lombardic
capitals. This is a very common pattern. It
will be noticed that every letter is reversed. In
specimens of this tile found elsewhere the letters
are stamped the right way about, but read from
right to left on the tile.

No. 5. Maltese Cross. An ornamental pattern of
frequent occurrence in many places.

No. 6. Badge of Richard II. (1377-1399). The absence
of the Edwardian (heraldic) patterns of these
tile-makers supports the opinion that the build-
ings were not erected for some time after the
granting of the charter.

No. 7. Geometrical diaper.

(J) The original arms of Cantilupe were gules, three fleur de Us or.
S. Thomas de Cantilupo, Bishop of Hereford, 1275-1282, bore three
leopard's heads jessant-de-lis. From these are derived the arms of the
See of Hereford, which are gules, three leopard's faces reversed two
and one jessant-de-lis or. The reversal may have been intended as a
"difference." The faces may have been adopted as those of a wolf's head
impaled upon a spear in reference to the name Cant-i-lupe, Wolf of Kent.

No. 8. A four-tile quatrefoil pattern of birds and oak

leaves.
No. g. Running pattern, used for division lines and

borders.

No. 10. Shield. Gules, a cinquefoil pierced ermine. Beau-
mont.

No. ii. Shield. A cross moline. Molineux.
No. 12. A double-headed eagle displayed.
No. 13. Cross keys, badge of the See of York.

No. 14. Shield, with key at the side. On a bend a saltire
engrailed.

No. 15. An ornamental pattern composed of oak leaves
and acorns, of frequent occurrence in many
places.

No. 16. Geometrical pattern with grotesque centre.

No. 17. Shield. On a bend, 3 hedgehogs. Paschall, of
Eastwood.

A selection of these tiles has been placed on the
walls of the Society's Room.

Several fragments of pottery have been found.
These are of glazed ware, brown or green. In the
opinion of experts they were made at the Nottingham
kilns in the I5th century.

BEAUVALE MANOR FARM.

On the opposite side of the valley, some 500 yards
to the south of the Priory and overlooking the whole
district, stands Beauvale Manor Farm. (Plate X.)
It contains some interesting early I5th century remains,
consisting of a gate-house with oak bressumers, and
within the court a retaining wall with a flight of steps
leading to a small arched doorway.

Several interments have been found here, and a
worn slab of local sandstone, 6ft. by 3ft. 6in. by 5in.,
bevelled on three sides, by the pump in the yard, has
the appearance of an altar slab. It is not possible

to assert any connection between this farm-house and
the neighbouring Priory, for the lay brethren who
attended to the farms belonging to the Carthusians
were generally housed in the monastery itself.

In the farm-house are two medallions of Dutch or
Flemish glass, leaded into one of the windows. These
are popularly supposed to have been taken from the
Priory, but this is quite erroneous, as they are un-

doubtedly the work of the i7th century. The subjects
are well-executed figures in brown enamel outline with
yellow stain, representing two female saints ; St. Lucy
of Syracuse, with a palm branch in her hand and a
sword piercing her neck, to denote her martydom ; and
St. Agatha holding a breast in a pair of pincers, in
reference to their miraculous restoration wrhen cut off in
torture.

Careful search has been made throughout the
neighbourhood of the Priory, and it does not seem likely
that any remains other than those mentioned in this
report will be met with.

The illustration of the Seal of the Monastery (see
frontispiece) is taken from a wax impression in the
British Museum of the Seal attached to the Deed of
Surrender — Our Lord, seated in a canopied niche, with a
cruciform nimbus, lifting up the right hand in benediction,
in the left hand an orb topped with a long cross. In base,
under a round headed arch, with carving, a monk, kneeling
to the right in prayer.

Inscription :— [S] : COMVNE : DOMVS : BELLE :
VALL : ORD : C[ART] .

The drawing of the Prior's Seal is taken from a
" Grant by Nicholas Wartyr, prior of the House of the
Holy Trinity Beauvale de Bella Valle, to Thomas Samon,
of lands &c in Annesley Wodehouse and Kirkeby
Wodehouse, which the said prior held of the feoffment
of Richard Willughby, in exchange for divers messuages,
lands, woods, coals, &c in Selston, Bagthorp, Risshall
in the parish of Selston, Underwood in the same parish,
Brynnesley and Brynnesley Asshe, and lands, &c. in

Newthorp in the parish of Gresley, a messuage and
garden in Nottingham, and a rent issuing out of land
in Newthorp 10 August 5 Henry VII." (Augmentation
Office.)

Nicholas Wartyr was the compiler of the " Regis-
trum Prioratus de Greseley sive Bella Valle," now in
the MS. department of the British Museum.

NOTE. — Further excavation has proved that the church
terminated with a square east end, at the point
marked on the plan. Also, that the alley on the
north side of the church led to a chamber i8ft.
wide, occupying part of the space between the
two eastern buttresses. This was probably the
Chapter House.

ZCbe ©R> Streets of IRottingbam.

No. III.

BY JAMES GRANGER.

3N the latter half of my second paper I directed
attention to some thoroughfares in the vicinity
of St. Mary's Church, and will now refer to another
matter relating to that locality. As regards the old
town, the ground near the church is probably as high
or higher than most of the other parts near. I have
a full recollection of seeing, in St. Mary's Gate, sixty
years ago, an extra large piece of granite, which
was used when paving the middle of the road, and
probably measured twenty inches by ten. After en-
quiries I was informed that this stone was to mark the
spot as being on a level with the top of the Castle rock.
It was, I believe, from forty to fifty yards nearer
to Pilcher Gate than the upper and north side of the
churchyard, and possibly of the altitude stated ; though
I cannot vouch for this.

I desire to correct an inaccuracy which passed
unobserved in the latter part of my previous paper (No.
II.), when referring to the waterworks near the Leen.
There were two places in that locality at different
periods, from which water was supplied to the town, the
one mentioned commencing in 1827 ; but matters of
an earlier date were being referred to, and therefore
it should have been said that the " old waterworks "
(1696) were near the Leen, " at the lower end of
Finkhill Street ; " still, as a fact, the more modern
structure going back full sixty years, was termed " the

old waterworks," to distinguish it from the supply
afterwards obtained near the Trent Bridge, and still
later from various other sources.

By 1827 an additional supply was necessary, and one
was acquired near Scotholm, Basford, where a small
reservoir was formed. From thence by iron pipes the
water was brought down the valley of the Leen ; and
for much of the latter part on its bank, to Brewhouse
Yard, and then forced up to a small reservoir, which now
forms part of the infirmary ground. Before the formation
of the Lenton (now Castle) Boulevard, the upper side
and joints of the iron waterpipes could be seen in many
places, when walking that way to Lenton ; for with
some their depth in the ground was barely sufficient to
cover them. I thought that the natural fall of the
valley was probably the only cause for the water running
to Nottingham. The internal diameter of the pipes I
considered did not exceed nine inches, though said
to be more.

The next place for consideration will be St. Peter's
Gate, which is one of our oldest thoroughfares, and in
times long passed was occasionally termed " lane," but
its description proved that St. Peter's Gate was really
referred to. See Records, vol. i., page 367 (after 1284),
also p. 374, 1305, &c. Until about 1870, in this roadway
especially, but also in Bridlesmith Gate, &c., some very
old and interesting houses were to be found. In his
" Nottingham Castle," when alluding to the year 1870,
Mr. Hine says, " Peter Gate widened. Some interesting
timber constructions, and enriched panel work in some
were unfortunately demolished."

Happily I am, however, enabled to make some
amends, with an excellent illustration of various old
structures in that immediate locality, together with a
view of its narrow upper and eastern end, where vehicles

THE UPPER PART OF ST. PETER'S GATE, 1870,

looking eastward, with the fine old oak framed house, at the
north-east corner of St. Peter's Church Yard.

could not pass. This part was first enlarged, and the
addition obtained mainly from the southern side. In
1884 numerous remains were removed from the church-
yard to the Church Cemetery, and the additional ground
required for the street taken from the graveyard. The
rare wood-framed house exhibited as being close to the
corner of the churchyard was unfortunately but neces-
sarily demolished, its site being required for the roadway.
Of its kind it was probably the finest of any in or near
Nottingham, and a constant object of admiration. The
old street was considerably wider at the lower than at
the upper end.

I propose now to comment upon the two roads
or ways, one at the north and the other at the south
of St. Mary's graveyard, and beginning with the former,
which is termed Kaye's Walk. This comparatively is
a modern name, and unknown to Glover, who published
his Directory of Nottingham, in 1844, but it is in that
of Lascelles and Hagar's dated 1848, where I find it
as " Kaye's Walk, St. Mary's gate." Approximately,
therefore, it dates back about sixty years. I have,
however, some recollection of its being previously entitled
St. Mary's Church Walk or Yard, which would agree
with the names of similar passages near St. Peter's
and St. Nicholas's Church.

I am induced to refer more carefully to this footway
to disabuse the minds of some who have inaccurate
ideas respecting it, and I am fortunately enabled to
give an extract from one of Mr. William Stretton's
numerous manuscript notebooks, some of which are now
in the possession of Mr. John T. Godfrey. As Mr.
Stretton was alive at the time referred to, and residing
in or near Nottingham, his evidence is conclusive. He
says : — " St. Mary's Churchyard was inclosed by an iron

pallisading in July, 1806 ; a road was taken off the north
side, which was before open to the churchyard — the
north and west walls then built — the east wall was built
in 1804, and the south wall with the pallisading thereon

in the year" (blank). This will shortly be shown

to have been 1792.

It is here proved that the footway to the north of
St. Mary's Church was severed from the graveyard last
century, and in 1806. Its present title therefore is not
an old one, and no doubt others besides myself still
remember the time of its adoption. It is derived from
the Very Rev. Sir Richard Kaye, Bart., LL.D. ; Rector
of Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Notts. ; Rector of Marylebone,
Middlesex ; Prebendary of Southwell ; Archdeacon of
Nottingham ; and Prebendary and Dean of Lincoln ;
who died December 25, 1809, and is buried at Lincoln.

In the Borough Records, vol. 3, p. 476 (1487) the
editor says, " St. Mary's Churchyard, lane by — probably
Kaye's Walk."

This is incorrect as may be proved from the remarks
just made. There are also references on pages 259-60,
to lanes and gates, which imply roads for vehicles
319 years previously, and cause me fear that the editor
was not so fully provided with the various old histories,
plans, illustrations and documents relating to old times
in Nottingham, as it was proper he should have been,
when bringing out an official work of such great
importance as the Borough Records.

On various occasions, by his references, we have
evidence that he no doubt had Deering's and Thoroton's
Histories at command, and if in connection with this
matter he had fortunately once more referred to the
plan of Nottingham in Deering he would have perceived
that in 1744, except it might be by stiles and a footpath,
there was no road whatever across the north side of

the old graveyard. This was still the case about fifty-
six years later, as shown on the large and unique plan
of the town in my possession, and formerly mentioned
as dating from 1800.

At different periods and places in the Borough
Records, it is proved that a few centuries back there
were stiles to each of the three old churchyards, and
respecting St. Mary's Church, it will be found in vol. iv.,
that on pages 130, 154, and 316, there is an allusion to one
on each occasion. Regarding the latter page it relates
to what occurred in 1614. In paper No. II. I refer to
a large and very fine old engraving of Nottingham from
the east, dating about 1690, by I. Kip, and on it the
stile just mentioned, is plainly exhibited. It is at the
east, or Stoney Street end of the footpath across the
graveyard, and close to its northern boundary. These
explanations will, I consider, enable all to comprehend
how and when the various changes were made in
relation to the old footpath, and the forming of the
passage now termed Kaye's Walk.

The ground next adjoining the old graveyard and
footpath (to the north) and reaching from Stoney Street
to St. Mary's Gate, was owned by two persons, and with
the buildings thereon was in two occupations. The
one next to Stoney Street reached backwards and toward
St. Mary Gate, about three-fifths of the space, and the
house in St. Mary Gate occupied the remaining portion,
or about two-fifths. Many persons still alive will, with
myself, remember them as they were before demolition ;
and each in its way was worthy of notice.

Deering, next to page 8, introduces an excellent
engraving of the eastern one, as representing an old
town residence entitled Plumptre House. It was, no
doubt, one of the finest to be found near, and from its
elevated position, and being rather higher than most

100

other buildings, it was a noticeable object from the east
and south of the town. This was one of the last and
most elegant of the old Nottingham mansions, and
belonged to the Plumptres. I have seen it stated a
time or two that it was built in 1707, and various
circumstances in a large degree testify to the accuracy of
this statement. The family had an earlier residence in
Nottingham on the site of which the late Dr. Ransom's
house and others were erected at the upper end of Low
Pavement, next to Drury Hill, the ground reaching
nearly through to Broad Marsh.

John Plumptre, who was the last of that family to
occupy Plumptre House, died 1791, at his London
residence, Jermyn Street, Westminster, in his 8oth year.
Alderman Wilson lived in the house many years, and
also others at intervals. There was — for a town house —
a considerable quantity of land attached to it, even when
deprived of the vista, and on February 21, 1853, the
Date Book informs us that " Plumptre House and
grounds " were " sold by auction," and " knocked down
to Mr. Alderman Birkin for £8410." Both sides of
Broadway, as regards the new street and grounds, were
included in this purchase.

On his plan of the town Deering shows that
Plumptre House, looking eastward, had much the largest
vista in Nottingham attached to it. Commencing from
the opposite side of Stoney Street, and with a fine
avenue of trees, it is shown as reaching to Bellar Gate.
This was a number of years before Plumptre Street
was formed ; but the avenue occupied much the same
position, and no doubt from the altitude of the house,
the prospect would then be a fine one. At that time the
nearest houses to the south, or right of the vista, were
those on Short Hill.

The other house referred to in St. Mary Gate, and

IOI

close to the west end of Kaye's Walk (when formed)
was an old one, wood-framed, but of a good size ;
and respecting which I have found a few incidental
references in the Borough Records, of two or three
centuries since. In 1806, and probably some years
earlier, it was occupied by Mr. William Trentham, sen.,
and he was living there until 1820, and probably a few
years after. Some of these details were obtained from
poll books, and some from the Date Book, where I
consider it to be accurate. It usually is, I believe, but
probably not in all points in this case.

On page 284 it informs us that on April 27, 1812, at
9.45 p.m., an attempt was made to murder Mr. William
Trentham, sen., an extensive hosier of this town. He
had been to a convivial meeting at a friend's house, and
was returning home ; had knocked at his house door,
facing the churchyard, for admittance, and while waiting
for it to be opened, two men stepped up to him from
amongst the gravestones (? they must have got over the
fence), and one of them instantly, without uttering a
word, discharged at him the contents of a large horse
pistol.

He was dangerously wounded, and at first, recovery
was doubtful, but with care and attention he was
ultimately restored to health. The Date Book says
that his house door was " facing the churchyard," but
on various occasions when voting both he and his son
described their residence as being in St. Mary Gate ;
and a gentleman who years afterwards frequently visited
at the old house, assured me positively that the entrance
was in St. Mary Gate, and other circumstances point
to this as doubtless being the fact.

Still another tragic event occurred as regards a
resident in this house. It appears very probable that
Mr. Trentham, upon leaving, was shortly succeeded in

102

the tenancy by Mr. Daft Smith Churchill, who lost his
life in the wreck of The Forfarshire steam vessel in 1837,
when Grace Darling so nobly endeavoured to rescue
the passengers and crew. In the Nottingham General
Cemetery a large monument was erected by his fellow
directors to commemorate his death. In this ancient
house were various interesting old fixtures, and amongst
them some antique and noted chimney pieces, one or
more of which were removed afterwards to Pietermaritz-
burg, Natal, South Africa, by a son of Mr. Daft Smith
Churchill, who had settled there.

The old house and premises were probably demolished
nearly fifty years since, and warehouses erected on the
site, the chief frontage now being to Kaye's Walk.
During the excavations for the cellars and foundations,
the workmen came upon a large tunnel, running north-
wards from the graveyard, and going for a distance
under the ground belonging to the old house. It had
no doubt been there for at least several centuries, though
all knowledge of it had been lost. A few articles were
found therein, proving its great age, but not of special
interest. Afterwards, as soon as convenient, a strong
wall was built across it, on which to rest the front of
the warehouse in course of erection, and but few people
saw or knew of the tunnel at the time. I received this
information from Mr. Wallis, who owned the property
at that period.

In my paper, No. II., I refer to the row of houses
forming part of the southern boundary of St. Mary's
graveyard, commencing from St. Mary Gate ; these were
pulled down in 1792, as stated. There was, however, at
one time, as shown on Thoroton's plan, another house at
the south-east angle of the churchyard, which also
was pulled down, a number of years before the row
referred to ; and from what Deering tells us it appears

103

to have belonged to the Duke of Kingston, who allowed
the corporation to remove it to obtain increased facili-
ties for those going up Hollow Stone, by considerably
widening the road-way at the top.

I have mentioned before that large, old, and fine
eastern view of the town, by Kip, which is very rare, and
proves that the north end of Stoney Street was practically
level with the graveyard. Deering, on p. 4, tells us that
the widening of Hollow Stone commenced in December,
1740, and though not directly mentioned, there can be
little doubt, I consider, that the Stoney Street cliff was
also cut away a few years previously, which with the
removal of the house, at the angle, and a wider road,
would then allow of vehicles getting round into that
street on more level ground. After the alterations that
end of the street is by Deering (see page 12) called " St.
Mary's Hill ;" but the name was not long or generally
accepted.

Respecting the cliff which was once at the south
end of Stoney Street, some doubt has been expressed in
reference to what is stated in paper No. II., although its
accuracy is vouched for by the rare old eastern view of
Nottingham then alluded to, which dates back approxi-
mately to 1690, and would be contemporary with the
cliff. Yet, strange to say, the explanation from the
illustration is improperly ignored, and what is mentioned
respecting it is treated as theory only, in place of hard

fact.

Fortunately there is further, and undoubted proof
of the thorough truthfulness of what is exhibited on the
fine large eastern view as described, and which can be
remembered by myself and many of my older fellow
citizens. I am now referring to the period about 1852.
At that time the rocky cliff to the north of Hollow
Stone and at the lower part was probably twenty-five

io4

feet or more in height above the causeway, but lessened
gradually as Stoney Street was approached, and at that
corner it is considered (by persons remembering) to
have been probably more than twelve feet high.

Commencing against Plumptre Street, there were
several houses when going towards Hollow Stone, some
having many steps to their front doors. The rocky cliff
was continued round the corner from Hollow Stone to
these houses. In Hollow Stone, and also in Stoney
Street, the soil at the top was cleared away for a foot or
more to the hard rock of the cliff, and a wall was then
built upon it for its whole length. The rock visible on
the east side of Stoney Street to its termination against
the houses was incontrovertible proof that there had once
been a cliff at the end of the street, and that it had been
cut away. This, however, was of course many years
before the erection of any warehouse on the north side
of Hollow Stone.

I now desire to remark upon the roadway from St.
Mary Gate in the west, to Short Hill in the east. For a
number of years at the latter end of the i8th century,
and also at the commencement of the nineteenth, it
appears to have been entitled " St. Mary's Church Side,"
and that term is applied to it in Willoughby's rare little
Directory of 1799. Blackner on page 71 (1815) places it
amongst the " Names of the Principal Streets."

We still have St. Peter's Church Side, reaching from
Church Gate to Albert Street, and before the latter
street was formed, extending to the bottom of Hounds
Gate, and in some degree comparable in that state with
St. Mary's Church Side.

It must be nearly ninety years since the latter name
was superseded by a return to the former and present
title of " High Pavement," which, though spelt in
various ways, has been attached to this street since the

I4th century, and there appears to have been as little or
less change in its name than with most old names.

Respecting this roadway, and possibly in a few other
instances, some little changes may perhaps be occasionally
observed in my remarks when compared with what has
previously been said, yet further research necessitates some
modification. During the last few7 years much additional
information has been obtainable from my old and unique
plan of Nottingham, together with a number of other
matters of reference, plans, illustrations, manuscripts,
&c., recently acquired. Accuracy, therefore, demanded
that some preceding ideas and statements should be
varied, for which I ask the reader's favourable con-
sideration.

Some attention will now be given to Hollow Stone
and Malin Hill, which are two old roadways leading into
Nottingham, chiefly from the south and east, and appear
to be first mentioned about the same period. In the
Records (vol. i., page 433) Hollow Stone appears to be
referred to in 1357, and on page 436 (1303), John Malyn
is mentioned, and that from him the hill probably
derived its name. According to the Records there can,
I consider, be little doubt that for two or three centuries
after the dates given, Malin Hill, as regards importance,
ranked quite as high, if not higher, than Hollow Stone.
In proof I will give an extract from the Records (vol. i.,
page 433) where, in reference to a document, it says : —
"A.D. 1366, the Holoughstone, near Malynhill."

I am convinced from its environment, that as regards
the acclivity, Malin Hill is much the same now as it was
more than 500 years since, but respecting Hollow Stone,
I have no doubt from the conformation of the ground
near, and especially in the lower part, close to what is
now termed Plumptre Square, that if in former times
there was no cliffy the hill was so steep and rugged as to

io6

render it unadvisable to take some animals into the town
that way. At various dates we may read of improve-
ments being made to the road, of which the most
important was probably as mentioned in 1740, previous
to which time the roadway appears to have been so
narrow that vehicles could not pass each other.

These circumstances, I consider, point to it as a
fact that at one period many horses and probably other
animals, would be taken up Malin Hill when coming
into the town, and its continuous use accounts for the
constant reference to it in the Records. Even at this
date, after many improvements, it is not pleasant to take
a conveyance by Hollow Stone from Plumptre Square
into Bellar Gate, although, as may be perceived by the
steps into the burial ground, it has been considerably
lowered at its southern end, to favour the descent to,
or ascent from Plumptre Square ; and even when
crossing the square the ground, as may be observed from
Fisher Gate and the opposite side, has been raised to
favour the hill.

Long Stairs will next be brought under notice. The
first reference to them appears to be in 1531 (see Records,
vol. Hi., page 368) when Edward Chamberleyn pays 2s. 8d.
" for a lyttle hous and the pynfold att the fote of the
steirez into the Narromershe and II tenementes ther "
— In vol. iv., p. 383 (1623). October ; the Mickletorn
Jury say, " Wee present ye com men well at the staires
foote betweene the Narow Marsh and Malin Hill to bee
extraordinarily anoyed (harmful) and exceeding dange [r] •
ous. — Filled upp."

But little imagination will be needed by most to
induce the belief, that the water of a well in such a
position could 'not be pure. The year 1531 appears to
have been the first in which Longstairs are referred to,
but they were probably being used many years previous to

that date. There were also two other pinfolds in the town
at that time, one at the Bridge End (Plumptre Square),
and the other in the Sandfield, a little below Fox Lane, or
the modern Woodborough Road. It is shown on the
unique plan of Nottingham as situated in York Street 9
on the opposite side to the "first" St. Mary's Workhouse.

Barker Gate. Vicus Tannatorum. In the Borough
Records, vol. i., p. 428, there is a reference to this street
in 1309, i.e» 600 years ago. Allowing for variations in
spelling, its name has changed but little since its intro-
duction. It suggests a relationship with tanners, yet
excepting that some connected with that calling may
possibly have resided in the street, there appears to be
little or no cause for presuming that it ever had much, if
any, direct association with the business.

In the past, Bellar Gate has in some degree been
connected with Barker Gate. Respecting the larger
of these two thoroughfares, I may add that in former
times it was termed Berkergate and Bergergate,
according to the Borough Records, vol. i. ; and in
vol. ii., p. 433, we are told in reference to what has
been said that " It would seem from this that the
names of Bellwardgate (= Bellargate) and Barkergate
were once applied to the present Barker Gate, probably to
different parts of the street, Barkergate being, according
to the first quotation, the part of the street nearest
Sneinton." The smaller street, in vol. i., p. 428, is
referred to in 1315 and entitled Belwordgate and
Belewordgate ; in vol. ii. we read of " Belle wardgate,"
but it is now known as Bellar Gate.

Until the middle of last century, or possibly a few
years later, two or three houses in Barker Gate adjoining
each other were covered with thatch ; they were not large
ones, being but two stories in height, and standing on the
north side of the street nearly opposite to the end of

io8

Bellar Gate. One has since been pulled down and
another building erected in its place, but two, I believe,
are still left, though slates were long since substituted
for the thatch.

I had for many years supposed that the thatched
houses referred to, and about the date mentioned, were
the last of the sort in Nottingham, until examining
Hine's " Nottingham, its Castle," etc., a number of years
after it was published (1876). I found in a footnote on
page ii the following statement :— " The last thatched
roof was found in Narrow Marsh, the property of the
Rev. Jas. Hine, and taken down about 1854."

I am much more surprised that Mr. T. C. Hine was
unaware of the thatched houses in Barker Gate than
that I should have no knowledge of the one or more in
Narrow Marsh ; for when going down Barker Gate the
thatched roofs could be easily and plainly seen from the
higher ground, but in Narrow Marsh, which is practically
level and more contracted, the opportunity for observing
thatch on a house roof would be considerably lessened.
It appears probable that in each of the cases mentioned
the thatch was replaced by slates at nearly the same time.
The first tiled roof we find mentioned in the Borough
Records in 1397 ; this is full 450 years previous to
the date when the last thatched roof disappeared in
Nottingham. See vol. i., p. 349.

I desire now to make a few remarks respecting
Plumptre Street, or " Plumbtree," as it was frequently
but wrongly spelled a century since. It has been men-
tioned that the last of the name who resided in Notting-
ham died in February, 1791, and that the street was
formed out of their vista. I have no doubt, from what
has come to my knowledge, that very shortly after the
death of the last Plumptre who lived in the town, the
vista or its upper portion was offered for sale, though for

log

some years later there was no direct connection with
Bellar Gate, and the opening was termed Plumbtree
Street, but it barely reached two-thirds of the distance
to Bellar Gate. The large and unique old plan (1800)
shows one house only between Plumptree Street and
Hollow Stone as being in Stoney Street, but there were
no buildings of any kind on the north side of Hollow
Stone, and the land above is designated " Plumbtree
Paddock."

In Blackner's History of Nottingham (1815) on page
145, in connection with Woolley's alms-houses, the names
of James Dale and Robert Booth are introduced, who
were churchwardens of St. Mary's in 1809. As a youth
I knew the latter well, and remember him when residing
in Plumptre Street, where he died in December, 1844,
aged eighty years. Going back 100 years or more, the
houses and other buildings generally in Nottingham were
appreciably smaller than at present. His house, though
altered somewhat, still remains ; it is about sixty yards
down the street on its southern side. On the opposite
side, but rather nearer to Stoney Street, is his hosiery
warehouse, which, as having been built as a warehouse
and in the i8th century, is probably the oldest in
Nottingham of the kind. Proportionately it was once
considered a large structure, but is dwarfed when com-
pared with modern warehouses near it.

Attention will now be directed to Narrow Marsh.
This is an old street, and practically its ancient name has
come down to our time ; Parvus Mariscus was its Latin
title. The earliest reference to it is probably in the
Borough Records, vol. i., page 378, December 26, 1315,
when an annual claim for rent of 6s. is transferred to
another person. On page 279, 1395, it is entitled Litil-
merche, in 1447 Lytall' Merssh' (vol. ii.). It was also
Narromerssh, Narrow March, and Narro Marsh.

For a century or two it was for business purposes as
prominent as any thoroughfare in Nottingham, and con-
siderably more so than most. Many of the mayors, alder-
men, or others connected with the government of the
town in former times, lived or were engaged there in
business. On page 83, in reference to the year 1667,
Deering tells us that there were "47 Tanners Yards" in
Narrow Marsh, and on page 95 that then (about 1749)
there were but three.

On page 82 he refers to a singular circumstance in
relation to the tanyards in Narrow Marsh during a severe
attack of plague, " which visited this town in 1667, and
made a cruel Desolation in the higher part of Nottingham ;
for very few died in the lower, especially in a street called
the Narrow-Marsh, it was observed that the infection had
no power ; and that during the whole Time the Plague
raged, not one who lived in that Street died of it, which
induced many of the richer sort of people to crowd
thither, and hire Lodgings at any price ; the preservation
of the People was attributed to the Effluvia of the
Tanners Ouze (for there were 47 Tanyards in that place)
besides which they caused Smoak to be made by burning
moist Tanners Knobs."

While writing this, I have near and for reference,
a plan of Nottingham dated 1670, and also Thoroton's
plan of 1677. As regards Narrow Marsh, they are
practically alike. The frontage of the roadway is almost
filled with houses on each side, but on the south side
there are no streets, yards, courts, or alleys, such as may
now be found in profusion. Here and there are a few
buildings at the back, and also a number of large trees,
but there was no Leen Side, or other roadway more
south than Narrow Marsh and Broad Marsh ; and as
regards Canal Street, it was not formed until nearly 120
years later, i.e., about 1796.

Ill

On each plan, a portion of the large old Nottingham
or Leen Bridge of twenty arches is plainly shown, com-
mencing at Bridge End, afterwards called Plumptre
Square, and reaching nearly to the part now termed
Island Street. There is full evidence of the sort of
business once carried on there from the names of a
number of places in Narrow Marsh ; my unique plan of
the town (1800) gives about seven such names, and
some or all are still in use. They are Tanners Hall
Court, Vat Yard, possibly Knotted Alley, Knob Alley
(Tanners' Knobs), Felt Alley, Glue Court, and Leather
Alley.

To a certain extent, Narrow Marsh maintained its
social position amongst the streets of the town until the
early part of last century. On 2gth September, 1795,
Alderman Benjamin Hornbuckle, who resided there,
was elected Mayor of Nottingham, and again in 1802.
At that date, and until the latter half of 1835, there were
seven aldermen in the town, — one for each ward, — and
by virtue of their office each was a town magistrate (by
charter), and it was obligatory for the mayor, until 1834-
J835, to be chosen from amongst the aldermen.

During the construction of the Great Central Railway
through and near this part of the town, I was a constant
visitor, and greatly interested in observing the depth and
character of the formation upon which the piers for
supporting the viaduct were to rest, but specially these
details respecting the one on the southern side and
western end of Narrow Marsh, carrying one end of the
iron girders which span it. On the northern side, the
rocky cliff bounding it and also forming the northern
extremity of the Trent valley in that part, is still in
various places plainly to be seen, and the pier on that
side rests on a rock foundation.

The distance from it to the pier on the opposite or

112

southern side of the street is practically gjyds., and my
curiosity was roused as to what this pier would rest
upon. Would it be upon the rock in the same way as the
one less than loyds. away ? Or did the precipitous face
of the cliff continue far below the level of the street, and
terminate there ? In similar excavations near, they had
found a thick bed of gravel, on which at depths generally
varying from 12 to i6ft., a quantity of cement concrete
was placed, probably 3 or 4ft. thick, and on this the
brickwork rests.

For a considerable distance it is proved that the face
of the rocky cliff continues below the ground, for the
excavation for the pier next to it was carried to a depth
of full soft, before the proper bed of gravel was reached,
and without any sign of rock being near. As was likely
in the valley of the Trent, an excavation of that depth
necessitated much pumping to keep the water down, and
to allow the men to work.

From various other excavations numerous horns,
hoofs, &c., of animals were cast out, which confirms
history respecting the many tanyards once in that locality ^
Another circumstance also noticeable in these exca-
vations, which occurred when going southwards, and
before reaching the old bed of the Leen was the
extreme blackness of the soil to a considerable depth
(ten feet or more), and I was decidedly of opinion that
much of it would have made excellent manure. I sup-
posed that this might be caused by chemicals, together
with the refuse thrown out for many years from the
numerous tanpits, &c.

I am sorry to say that on October 28th, 1904, name-
boards were affixed at the ends of Narrow Marsh entitling
it " Red Lion Street." This is a common title for
public houses, and an attempt was made to impose it
on the road about 1821, but to their credit the people of

that period appear to have rejected it, and I shall not
blame them if they again refuse that unseemly designa-
tion, for we ought not to sever one of the chief links with
the past. If there must be a change, why not call it
" Tanners' Gate," which would keep in memory its old
associations ?

In this case it is not alone the abolition of an old
historic name, but also the substitution of an inept and
previously discarded one. Respecting Broad Marsh
there is little to be said, for, unlike Narrow Marsh, not
only was the population of Broad Marsh much less, but
there was an entire absence of business there. There
can be no doubt that in former times, from what may
be gathered in the Borough Records, " Marsh" was a
proper designation for these places ; as in winter and
wet seasons, the localities must have been in a most
undesirable condition on frequent occasions.

I now propose to make some remarks respecting the
open space, in former times known as Bridgend, at the
eastern terminus of Narrow Marsh and the northern end
of what is now called London Road, but which was in
my recollection, and in that of many others, entitled
" Bridge Street " (from the large old Leen Bridge, other-
wise the'" Bridge of Nottingham"). Bridge Street once
terminated at what is now called Plumptre Square ; a
name derived from the Plumptre Hospital at its rebuild-
ing, in August, 1823, as mentioned by the aldermen
who were present when the first stone was laid. The
earliest reference I find to this place is in the Records,
vol. i., page 179, 1362, as Brighend (Finis Pontis), also as
Brigend, Bridge End, and rarely Bridgefoot, but from
1801 until 1823 it had been known as Red Lion Square,
which unworthy designation was superseded by one much
more becoming in its relationship with the past in that
part. i

Some attention will now be given to Fisher Gate,
together with the old lanes or passages once at its eastern
end, including Pennyfoot Row, Pennyfoot Lane, and
Pennyfoot Stile. Respecting the first, it is an old name,
but not of much historic note. In the Records, vol. i.,
page 431, it appears to be first referred to in 1315 as
Vicus Piscatorum. It was also known in olden times as
Fesshergate, Fysshergate, &c. To the eastern end and
near it, various changes have been made in connection
with the thoroughfares, during and since Deering's time

(1749).

On referring to Deering's History, page 13, respecting

Pennyfoot Lane, he says " see Back- Lane ; " from this
it appears that a short time before, the latter name had
been substituted for the former. Pennyfoot Lane is a
peculiar and interesting title, recalling various incidents
connected with the past, and it is one of those which
have died hard. Various theories have been advanced
respecting the name " Pennyfoot," but nothing which I
considered to fully explain it. Deering, on page 13,
alludes to Pennyfoot Lane ; Pennyfoot Row ; and on
page 122 to Pennyfoot Stile; and during his time the
three different ways of using the name appear to have
been commonly accepted.

I have long thought it probable that the term
" Pennyfoot " originated in connection with the stile,
which formed a portion of the town boundary in that
part. On various occasions in my remembrance, and
also of many others, toll was demanded in accordance
with a Corporation list at a number of the entries
into the town, from those bringing different specified
articles and matters for sale at fairs. This, however,
was a pathway purely for foot passengers, and across
fields which were in Sneinton parish, and over the
stile into Nottingham ; and I can easily imagine,

from being one of the ways into the town, that pennies
were frequently demanded and paid there as toll in
former times ; and that Pennyfoot Stile originated
Pennyfoot Lane and Pennyfoot Row. Some are still
left who will recollect the stile and foot road, as it was
full sixty years since. Deering, in his eastern view of the
town, shows it plainly.

Respecting Pennyfoot Row (see Deering's plan), it
reached from the ends of Fisher Gate and Carter Gate
to Backlane (which name the people rejected), now
Water Street ; the term " Row " being no doubt applied
from the houses being mainly on the north side. In
1780, Willoughby's Hospital, which was formerly on
Malin Hill, was rebuilt in what Deering terms Pennyfoot
Row, and from that date it has been known as
" Willoughby Row ; " and so called by those living there
when voting, etc. Pennyfoot Stile, on the towrn side for
a short distance, was a narrow footpath between fences,
and without houses in 1780 and also later. A few years
since, Fisher Gate was advanced eastward to Water
Street, and old Pennyfoot Row or Willoughby Row is
now included in it.

During the years 1791-1792, Denison's cotton mill
was built on the south side of and close to Pennyfoot
Stile, and within a few yards of the Beck rivulet, which
runs near there and bounds Nottingham and Sneinton.
In going from this mill by footpath either to Sneinton
Hermitage or to Sneinton Church it was necessary to
cross not only Pennyfoot Stile, but also the little wooden
bridge over the Beck. For those times, the mill was
an exceedingly fine structure, and of great height. There
are a few good illustrations of it still to be seen when on
fire, November 28th, 1802 ; one of them, in the
Mechanics' Institution, shows the mill to have been seven
storeys high, each having fifteen windows, and the old

plan says H5ft. long. About 300 people were thrown
out of work by its destruction, and unfortunately it was
not afterwards rebuilt. I was never able to fix the exact
spot occupied by Denison's mill until assisted by the
unique plan of the town which has been noticed.

What was called Pennyfoot Stile is now much
enlarged and entitled Pennyfoot Street, and as regards
the roadways, that part has during the last fifty-eight
years been entirely transformed, and the Beck rivulet
covered over. There were a number of different ways of
spelling this singular name in olden times, such as
Penyfot, Penyfut, Penyfote, and Pennyfootlane ; or, as
the case might be (see above), Pennyfootstile, for they
are distinct places; yet in the Borough Records, vol. ii.,
page 445, the editor appears to consider that Penyfot lane
(1408) was Pennyfoot Stile.

Deering, on pages 12 and 13, explains the case very
differently, and tells us sufficient to decide that what was
once Pennyfoot lane was renamed Back lane, then Water
lane, and is now Water Street. The editor, in the
Records, vol. i., page 437, says " Penny Foot Stile ;
called Pennyfoot Lane by Thoroton," and it is numbered
83 on his plan of the town (page 490). On Deering's
plan the same place is numbered 24, and in the
" References to the Plan," that number represents
" Pennyfoot Row."

This is a grave discrepancy between our two old
historians, but I consider that in such a case, Deering's
version is more worthy of belief than Thoroton's, for
Deering resided in Nottingham, and Thoroton twelve or
fourteen miles away in the county, therefore the former
would be far more likely to be acquainted with the small
thoroughfares, &c., than Thoroton. As Pennyfoot Lane
ran northwards, and Pennyfoot Stile eastward, they must
be distinct, and the south end of the former and west end

of the latter were contiguous, according to Deering.

On his plan of Nottingham (next to page 490),
respecting No. 58, Thoroton says " Swine gate ; " a name
apparently unknown in the Borough Records, which
for reference in such cases is usually a very reliable
work. In them it is designated " Swine Green," a title
which is also generally given to it in the i8th century
and earlier, in our plans, directories, and reliable
histories. In these matters of detail, I should be sorry
even in appearance to charge Thoroton with lack of
care, but rejoice in the fact that those coming after
him in Nottingham have far superior opportunities of
obtaining knowledge respecting Nottingham and verifying
historic statements, than were possible in his time.

The first reference to Swine Green which I have
observed, is in the Borough Records, vol. ii., page 63,
1408, when the Mickletorn jury say or report " that
Edmund Wheatley has made a wall upon the common
ground on the Swynegrene." Those who carefully
peruse the Records will find that such acts were far too
common amongst all classes of our ancestors. Except in
spelling, there was little change in the name until early
last century, for at an election in 1806, all voters for that
part mentioned Swine Green as the place where they
resided, whereas when voting in 1812, all entitled it
Carlton Street. It has therefore been known by its
present name' for about a century.

In this part and commencing westward, a few yards
within Gridlesmith Gate (Pelham Street), was the town
mansion of the Gregory family, which after some changes
many years since, was occupied by Wright's bank. By a
singular coincidence, and commencing early in the I7th
century, there were two families named Gregory occupy-
ing a prominent position in Nottingham, but probably in
no way connected, except by name. In 1527-28 Thomas

Gregorie was a sheriff, and after that at various intervals,
others of the name were mayor, &c., until 1620-21, when
Marmaduke Gregory occupied that position.

I wish, however, to make a few remarks respecting
William Gregory, butcher ; see Records, vol. iv., page
320, 1614, where it is said that he was fined for refusing
to be " Chamberlayne," yet in 1616-17 he accepted the
office. In 1618-19 he was one of the sheriffs, he after-
wards became an alderman, and was mayor in 1632-33
and 1639-40. He was no doubt a most successful man in
business, as proved by the property he purchased and
bequeathed, and the positions occupied by his descend-
ants.

His grandson, George Gregory, 1638-1688 (see
pedigree, Godfrey's History of the Parish and Priory of
Lenton), owned about half the land as now bounded
by Carlton Street, Broad Street, Parliament Street,
Clumber Street, and Pelham Street. This refers to the
eastern and largest portion of this large piece of town
land, and the Records, vol. 5, page 318, as regards the
family house mentioned above, which was being built
in August, 1674, informs us that it was considered by
the council whether any encroachment should be
allowed upon the street, and they ordered " that George
Gregory Esquire shall not build upon the streete and
Towne's Wast on the Swyne Green, without an Annual
rent or acknowledgement to the Mayor and Burgesses."

This was a gross case of encroachment, and entirely
unnecessary, for the land reached northwards to Back
Side (Parliament Street) presumably 7Ooft., and was
probably the largest piece attached to a house at that
date in Nottingham, and shown as exceeding what
was connected with Thurland Hall. In the remembrance
of many still alive, the top of Pelham Street was but
just wide enough, with very narrow causeways, to allow

irg

one vehicle to pass into it from Carlton Street (Swine
Green), and in such a case the gain or loss of one
yard only would make a material difference.

If those of my readers who are interested in such
matters, will examine the part mentioned at the top of
Pelham Street, they will probably find that about yft.
in the total at two points has been lost to the street,
which is most regrettable. Very early in the last century,
or a little before, Mr. George De Ligne Gregory, the owner,
commenced selling the land, and it was from himself
that " George " Street derived its name. Probably the
last building erected thereon was the Roman Catholic
Chapel, which the Date Book tells us was opened July
23, 1828.

Some of our older citizens will, with myself, re-
member the period when Wollaton Street, the lower
end of which commences against Upper Parliament
Street, and runs to the large open square on the top
of Derby Road (the north-east side being mainly grass
fields), was entitled Back Lane. This occurred after
the refusal of the people in the i8th century to accept
it in place of Pennyfoot Lane, and the name was then
given to this thoroughfare. It was so known until
about fifty-five years since (approximately 1854), when
it was renamed Wollaton Street, after being considerably
widened at the upper end. Close to the top, and to
the right when going up Back Lane, in the memory of
a few still left, a windmill stood on the elevated ground,
which has since been considerably altered.

Carter Gate is a name which has been known in
Nottingham for several centuries, yet it has but little
association with its history, when compared with many
other and less important places. The reason for this,
however, may possibly be in its position, which is mainly
to the east somewhat parallel with and close to the

120

town boundary and Sneinton and for a considerable
portion of its length. The first reference I have observed
to it is in the Records, vol. 4, page 205, in 1583, though
in this, and all similar cases, it must be understood,
unless specified to the contrary, that the name or names
have probably been in use for a number of years
previously.

Speed, in 1610, refers to Carter Gate in connection
with his plan of Nottingham, but in a way at variance
with Thoroton and Deering. His distinguishing letter
for that roadway is " D," and this is placed close to the
eastern side of Cowlane Bar (Clumber Street), which
was in use until about 1649, and where the town wall
passed down the middle of Back Side (Parliament
Street). His idea is very strange, and differs also from the
town Records and other reliable sources of information.

Speed lived a long distance from Nottingham, and
I consider that the opportunities for acquiring knowledge
by those on or near the spot were much superior to
his own, therefore I have no hesitation, as regards this
matter, in ignoring a portion of what he tells us, for it
would be a curious street to continue Carter Gate, by
what is now termed Sneinton Street, Hockley, Coalpit
Lane and St. John's Street to Parliament Street.

In Thoroton's and Deering's time, ending 1678 and
1749, the following names were used from Carter Gate,
viz. : Newark Lane, Hockley, and Colepit, or Coal Pitt
Lane, to Parliament Street. During the latter time, St.
John Street was the upper part of Coalpit Lane.

Probably commencing soon after the middle of the
I7th century, there was a Glasshouse in Nottingham ;
it was situated towards the northern end of Carter Gate,
which was in the eastern part of the town, adjoining
Sneinton. In the very fine and large engraving, "The
South Prospect of Nottingham," brought out by Samuel

121

and Nathaniel Buck, in 1743, the glasshouse is fully
exhibited as being conical, and with smoke issuing from
the top, showing that it was being used at that period.
Deering, however, in his eastern view of the town,
proves that there were two. Carter Gate, as most will
be aware, terminates at its northern part close to the
eastern end of what is now called Sneinton Street, but
previously known as Newark Lane, which title is now
given to a small passage near.

Commencing in the ijth century, the part at the
northern end of Carter Gate, and now designated
Southwell Road, was known as Glasshouse Lane. There
were few, if any, houses in it at that time, and it was
bounded by fields with hedges. The name was ap-
propriate, for its southern end was near the glasshouses,
but it was not a very old one, and no doubt it received
the title during the I7th century, for Deering, on page 95,
informs us in " A Table of Trades," that in 1641 there
were no glass makers in Nottingham.

In the Borough Records, vol. 5, page 448, the editor
says Glasshouse Lane . . . Glasshouse Street, which
is utterly wrong. This is in reference to what is
mentioned on page 356, as occurring in 1689, and as
follows : — " Christopher Wood for stoppinge A Common
Issew (drain) in ye bottom of ye Glasshouse Lane
(fined) is. od." I wish to be just to the two editors
who are more or less responsible for the five volumes
of the Records which have so far been issued, for
excepting a few minor matters I have a high opinion
of their work, and the temerity to believe that I make
at least as much use of it as any other individual. I
have occasionally remarked upon cases where I have
thought that a little additional searching of Thoroton,
Deering, &c., with a few enquiries made to older
persons, would have prevented a few errors, but in this

122

case, though the statement mentioned above is untrue,
the editor is not responsible for it.

The great sinners were the incompetents of the
town, who about 1821 were absurdly allowed to duplicate
an old name, and then to abolish it twenty-eight years
later, or approximately in 1849. (See plan, 1848.) Of
this ridiculous change of title I am quite inclined to
believe that the editor (who is much younger than myself)
had, like most other persons, not the least knowledge.
As a fact, however, it was a trap, most thoughtlessly and
ridiculously set, for future writers to fall into.

Respecting Glasshouse Street (which abuts upon
Lower Parliament Street), at an election in 1820, though
there were many houses in the thoroughfare, not a single
voter, when asked where he resided, appears to have
mentioned Glasshouse Street, for that name had not
then been adopted, though 131 years subsequent to the
date given (1689), but many mentioned Glasshouse Lane;
yet the editor is much more sinned against than sinning.
On Deering's map it is termed Road to York, but in
1821, and for a few years previously, it seems probable
that all the way from Parliament Street to Mansfield
Road was entitled York Street, but the lower part from
Charlotte Street to Parliament Street was afterwards
called Glasshouse Street.

Mr. T. C. Hine, in his Nottingham Castle, page 30,
says : — " 1767. — First cotton mill in the world built at
Nottingham, in a passage called Mill Street, leading
into Wollaton Street, by Hargreaves, of which a portion
still remains." The Date Book, in a foot note under the
same year, in reference to the mill or factory, says :
" The structure stands at the north-east corner of Mill
Street (Wollaton Street), and is of a very unpretending
character. It was converted into small dwelling-houses.
The house in which Mr. Hargreaves lived was situated

123

on the opposite side of the street." Business must have
prospered more or less with him, for a few years later
Mr. Hine says " The first steam engine erected in
Nottingham, at Hargreaves' and James' Cotton Mill
Robin Hood Yard." According to Mr. Hine, and what
we are told in the Date Book, Hargreaves came to
Nottingham from Lancashire the year previous to
Arkwright.

It will be seen that, from its association with the
town, and what had occurred in the i8th century, that
the name " Mill Street " was peculiarly interesting and
appropriate. By those having this knowledge, many
others will become aware of the surprise and disgust
caused a few years since, when it was noticed that it
had been renamed Bow Street, which is mainly connected
with police matters in London, and therefore it is
repellant and undesirable here. Certainly some on the
Council should be restrained from making changes so
unbecoming and uncalled for. We properly commemo-
rate Arkwright's connection with the town by naming
a main street after him, but why should Hargreaves be
entirely ignored, and the trifling connection there once
was in Mill Street be wantonly severed ? He deserved
some remembrance from Nottingham, though treated
scurvily by those who should know better.

Deering, on page 9, refers to " a Piece of Waste Ground
between the West End of St. Peter's Church-yard,
Wheelergate, and Houndgate." It was then unnamed,
but is now known as St. Peter's Square. I also wish
to make reference to another part which it is as
appropriate to term " waste ground " as St. Peter's
Square. It is between the northern end of Carrington
Street, of Collin's Hospital, and Greyfriar Gate ; also
near the southern end of Lister Gate and the West
End of Broad Marsh.

124

It has so far been nameless, and it would be merely
acknowledging a debt of honour, long overdue, to term
it " Hargreaves Square," and so celebrate each of the
early builders of cotton mills in Nottingham. There is
yet another but very large and busy open piece of
ground, which is also nameless. It is in front of the
chief entrance to the General Cemetery, having seven
roads or avenues running into it ; and to keep one of our
most ancient names in remembrance, but recently
cancelled, I would propose that it be entitled " Outgang
Square."

{The Steecen&nnts of 2>r, IRobert Gboroton,

BY WILLIAM STEVENSON.

worthy Doctor, whose memory we of this
Society that bears his name, find a pleasure in
keeping green, presents us, on page 122 of his monumental
work, with his family tree. He then (1672) had a
daughter Anna Thoroton [baptised ist May, 1650]
married [at Farndon, Notts, ist January, 1672-3] to
Philip Sherard, son of Philip, son of William Sherard,
Baron le Trim, she then being twenty-three years of age,
and two years later the mother of Philip Thorotonus
Sherard, born on the feast of St. Simon and St. Jude,
1674.

The Doctor had a younger daughter Elizabeth
[born December 8th, 1654], married [at Shelford, Notts.,
24th October, 1672] to John Turner, gentleman, of
Swanwick, in the county of Derby, she then (1672)
being eighteen years of age.

J. T. Godfrey, F.R.H.S., in his little work on "Dr.
Robert Thoroton," dated 1890, notes that the above
William Sherard was Baron Leitrim, in the peerage
of Ireland, that the issue of this Sherard-Thoroton
union was six sons, and six daughters ; that the Doctor
dedicated the engraving in his book " A South Prospect
of Worksop Mannour," to this son-in-law, whose arms are
there displayed — Argent, a chevron gules between three
torteaux, a crescent for difference, bearing as an inescutcheon
the quartered shield of Thoroton ; and further that
Philip Sherard died 2Qth July, 1703, and his widow,

126

according to the Car- Colston register, was buried in that
churchyard on March 28th, 1729. Their eldest son
Philip, noted above, was, according to this register,
drowned on the lath August, 1691. The second son,
Robert Sherard, baptised 5th November, 1676, married
Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Thomas Reding,
Esq., of Godesby, Leicestershire, by whom he had two
sons and six daughters, all of whom died unmarried,
except the youngest daughter, Margaret, who is described
in a somewhat inaccurate pedigree, in Nichol's History
of Leicestershire, as heiress of Car Colston.

Dr. Thoroton's second daughter, Mary, baptised
5th May, 1652, was unfortunately drowned in 1655, and
buried on the 23rd of July, in that year.

Of the Doctor's youngest daughter, Elizabeth, we
are able to give a fuller notice. The Turners, into which
family she married, were an old residential family and
considerable landowners at Swanwick, a hamlet in
the parish of Alfreton, Derbyshire. Their residence was
at Swanwick Hall, a large stone mansion, destroyed over
a century ago.

A John Turner appears in a Subsidy-Roll of 1622,
assessed on land, and a George Turner, yeoman, between
1629 and 1636, contributed towards the repair of old
St. Paul's Church, London, under a commission granted
by Charles I., to Bishop Laud, then of London, for
collections throughout the country.

This gentleman, by will, dated " 7th December,
1641, left a rent charge of 205. per annum to the poor
of the parish of Alfreton, and los. per annum to the
minister (vicar).

The John Turner of 1672, son-in-law of Dr.
Thoroton, was possibly a son of this George Turner.
He brought his bride to reside at Swanwick Hall.

The author of a now rare work, " A Descriptive and

127

Historical Account of Alfreton," published in 1812, says,
page 12 : " Swanwick is a small hamlet a little to the
south of Alfreton. Formerly at this place stood a large
house for some time the residence of a family of the
name of Turner."

A few months after this Turner-Thoroton marriage,
viz., in 1673, her husband bought, possibly as an
investment of Elizabeth's dower from the Doctor, the
rectory and the advowson of the vicarage of the church
of Alfreton, from Nicholas, Earl of Scarsdale, which
embraced the Great Tithe of the whole of the parish,
extending, according to the Ordnance Survey, over 4624
acres. This gave the family an important position, as
it constituted John Turner, Esq., the lay rector, arid
enabled the family to bury in the chancel.

In 1677 we have record of a son being born and
named after his father — John Turner. He died seven
years later, was buried in the chancel of Alfreton Church,
and is recorded on a monument noted below.

On the evidence of this example of the " sculptor's
art," she gave birth the same year to a second son, who
bore the name of Charles. In the year following these
births Elizabeth's honoured father died, and was buried
in his stone coffin in Car Colston churchyard, on the
lid of which he caused to be deeply incised : —

" PATER

ANNS VX PHIL :
SHERARD ARM : ET
ELIZABETHS . VX
JOHIS TVRNER : "

She and her husband would, no doubt, attend at this
funeral.

In 1681, Elizabeth was blessed with her first
daughter, whom she named after herself. She saw her
grow to woman's estate, and to be given in wedlock to

128

William Spenceley, Esq., and to die at the early age of
thirty-three. She was buried in the family vault in the
chancel of Alfreton Church, and the floor-stone to her
memory is the only one of the Turner series that has
survived the internal restorations and additions of 1868,
and 1900. The inscription is as follows : —

" HERE LYETH THE BODY
OF ELIZABETH SPENCEL
EY . WIFE OF WILLIAM
SPENCELEY . GENT . AND
ELDEST DAUGHTER OF
JOHN TURNER . GENT . W
HO DEPARTED THIS LIFE
IN THE 33 YEARE OF HE
R AGE . THE 24 DAY OF
DECEMBER . ANNO DOM

In 1687 Elizabeth Turner presented a silver paten
to Car Colston Church, Notts., 6Jin. in diameter, on the
lower side of which is inscribed " Ex dono Elizabeth
Turner, anno 1687," which still forms part of the
communion service there.

In 1704 Elizabeth Turner suffered the loss of her
mother, Anne, aged 77, second daughter of Gilbert Boun,
serjeant-at-law, Recorder of Newark, and at one time
Member of Parliament for the town of Nottingham.
She would, no doubt, be in her native village (Car
Colston) to attend the funeral on August 26th of that

year.

In 1711 this worthy lady presented a silver chalice

and paten to the church of her adoption, which are still
doing service, and are greatly prized, as they possess
that high standard of purity ("959 fine), which obtained
from 1697 to 1720, and is popularly known as " Queen
Anne silver." They each bear the legend " Ecclesiae

I2g

parochial! de Alfreton, in com Darbiae — Elizabeth Turner,
uxor Johis Turner, de Swanwick, in paroch et com
ped gen, dedicavit, Anno Dom 1711." The date-letter,
a gothic Q, reads London, 1711-2.

In 1714, as above stated, she lost her first-born
daughter, Elizabeth. From her floor-stone recording
that she was the " eldest daughter," we infer that she
was one of others to whom our knowledge does not extend.

It is very unfortunate that the parish registers of
Alfreton prior to 1706, have perished. We cannot trace
the death of John Turner, Esq., the husband of Elizabeth,
but it is clear from the inscriptions on the above chalice
and paten, that it occurred after 1711 ; but he must have
died before 1721, in which year his widow is recorded
as presenting the church with a second paten, and in
1728 with a fine new silver flagon, which is still in use,
bearing the following inscription : — " Ecclesiae parochiali
de Alfreton, in comitatu Derbiae. Elizabetha Turner,
vidua et relicta Johannis Turner, de Swanwick, in
parochia de Alfreton predicta, humilime dedicat vicessimo
quinto die Decembris, Anno Dnimillesimoseptingentesimo
vicesimo octavo.

In 1729 her elder sister Anna Sherard died, and
was buried at Car Colston on March 28th.

In 1732, her son Charles, then 55 years of age,
made a thank-offering to the Church of Alfreton, by
presenting a large silver paten, gjin. diameter and
3in. high, date letter London, 1704-5, inscribed : —
" Carolus Turner, de Swanwick, in comitatu Derbiae,
generosus, Ecclesiae Parochiali de Alfreton, in comitatu
predicto, humilime dedicat vicesimo quinto die Decembris
anno Domini millesimo septingentesimo tricesimo
secundo."

In 1734, being then eighty years of age, she sat to

130

Vandermine, the artist, for her portrait in oils, which, in
Throsby's time, hung in Screveton Hall, and was
engraved and published as an illustration in the ist vol.
of his History of Notts., page 252.

The arms of the Turners, of Swanwick, are carved
in relief on the monument, and are just recoverable, as
follows : —

Burke's " General Armoury," last edition, reads as
follows : — Arms : "Vaire argent and gules, on a pale or, three
trefoils slipped vert"

Crest: — " Two wings conjoined saltireways argent,
charged in the middle with a trefoil slipped vert."

A monument still affixed to the outer face of the
north wall of the chancel, on which are sculptured the
emblems of frail humanity and the family arms, records
his death, and that of his brother as follows (the

writer has had great difficulty in tracing this inscrip-
tion, as the monument, in white magnesian limestone,
is worn by the weather, and the letters sadly need
recutting) : —

"HERE LYETH THE BODY OF

CHARLES TURNER ESq, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE
THE 9 DAY OF NOVEMBER , 1736 , AGED 59 YEARS.
ALSO WITHIN THE CHANCEL THE BODY OF
MR JOHN TURNER , WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE
IN THE YEAR 1684 , AGED 7 YEARS.

THESE WERE THE SONS OF
JOHN TURNER , OF SWANWICK , ESQR ,
BY ELIZABETH , THE DAUGHTER
OF ROBERT THOROTON , M.D."

The following is a drawing of the monument
recording these grandsons of the worthy Doctor.
It is 6ft. high, 3ft. ain. broad, and a somewhat
flat construction, fixed against the wall. It has only
been in its present position eighteen years. Its former
site was under the east window of the old chancel, on
the outer face of the wall, where in old times it was
railed round for protection.

In 1740 this venerable and truly pious lady founded
and endowed a school at Swanwick, in the immediate
neighbourhood of her residence. A George Turner, Esq.,
and Sibella D'Oyley, his wife, then come on the scene,
residing at St. Martin's in the Fields, London. This
gentleman was a son, or grandson of Elizabeth Turner,
and to all appearance her then only descendant.

Glover, in his History of Derbyshire, 1829, vol. 2,
page 13, gives the following particulars of the negotia-
tions between widow Elizabeth and George Turner, Esq.,

132

and his wife, for the acquisition of a site for the erection
of this charity school : — " By indenture, bearing date
3 April, 1740, and enrolled in Chancery, between George
Turner, of the parish of St. Martin in the Field, and

Sibella his wife, of the one part : and Thomas Thoroton
John Wood, and others of the other part ; the
said George Turner and Sibella his wife, for a
nominal consideration, bargained and sold to the said
Thomas Thoroton and others, and their heirs, a piece
of land in SwanwTick, containing 20 yards by 16, to
the intent that a charity-school should be erected

133

thereon, for teaching twelve poor boys and eight poor
girls of the parish of Alfreton to read and write."
again :—

" By indenture bearing date 5 April, 1740, and
enrolled in chancery, between Elizabeth Turner Widow
of the one part, and the said George Turner, Thomas
Thoroton, and others, of the other part, the said Elizabeth
Turner, for establishing a charity, and for securing the
payment of the several annual sums thereafter mentioned,
assigned and transferred, to the said George Turner
and others, the sum of £457 . 175. New South Sea
annuities, on trust to sell the same, and with the money
arising therefrom, to purchase lands and tenements,
and to settle the same on trust, that they the said
George Turner, and others, their heirs and assigns,
should yearly, out of the rents, pay the yearly sum of
£15. half yearly, at Michaelmas and Lady-day, to a
schoolmaster, to teach twelve poor boys of the parish
of Alfreton, of which Swanwick and Greenhill Lane
should always have the preference, to read and write :
and to lay out the surplus of the said rents to such
charitable uses as the majority of the trustees should
think proper. The trust property consists of a school
house and thirteen closes of land, containing 430. zr.
all situate at Swanwick, in the parish of Alfreton."

In 1744, this venerable lady, then in her goth year,
breathed her last at Swanwick, and was buried, pre-
sumably in the chancel, as George Turner, Esq., was still
the lay rector of the church of Alfreton. No monument
or graven line survives to speak her praise ; but the
following entry is still extant in the church register :
" Madam Elizabeth Turner, a widow, was buried April

12th (1744)-"

This George Turner, Esq. (married to Sibella D'Oyley
before 1740, and dead before 1778), had a son George,

134

who is recorded as of Wigwell Grange, and Swan-
wick, co. Derby (Glover, vol. 2, page 296), and left
issue two daughters : — (a) Sibella Ann Turner, born
1765, married Thomas Browne, Gent., and Alderman
of Chesterfield, of the old family of Browne, of
Hungry Bentley, and Chesterfield (Glover, vol. 2,
page 295) ; she died March 19th 1811., and he follow-
ed March 3Oth 1829, leaving issue John Corbet
Browne, of Chesterfield, gent, who in 1831 was married
and had issue, and one other son, Rupert Montague
Browne, who died 27th March 1825, aged 25 years, and
three daughters : It is stated that this family is now
represented by the Cave Browne's of Shirland. (6)
Georgiana Turner, of whom we have no dates, married
John Charnel Browne, Esq., of Chesterfield (brother
of the above Thomas Browne, Gent.) and sometime
of Alport, near Bakewell, Attorney-at-law, living in 1831 :
no issue.

About 1779, the trustees of the late George Turner,
gentleman, sold by auction the lay-rectory property of
Alfreton Church, the great tithe, chiefly to the land-
owners, the advowson of the vicarage, to George
Morewood Esq., in which family it still remains. The
old Turner lands, and " the large house " at Swanwick,
must have been sold at or about the same time, for the
lands had passed away, and the house was demolished
before the close of the i8th century, and was practically
forgotten by the first quarter of the igth century.

Glover (vol. 2, page 295), informs us that in 1829,
the above Brownes quartered their arms with the then
late Turners, of Swanwick : — " Quarterly i and 4,
Browne, Ermine, on a fesse counter embattled sable,
there escallop -shells, argent, 2 and 3 Turner, Vair argent
and gules, on a pale or, three trefoils slipped vert., where
a fine engraved shield is given.

Browne, of Hungry Bentley and Chesterfield : —
Crest — . . . . out of a mural crown, gules, a stork's
head issuing, ermine.

Motto — " Esse quam haberi"

In the first instance, it was intended to give a photo-
graphic reproduction of the Turner monument, but
before the order arrived in Alfreton the monument was
disturbed by the frost, and became a disjointed mass of
masonry on the ground, hence we have to be content
with a rough sketch furnished by Mr. Stevenson.

The re-erection of this monument is in the hands
of a local mason, and the cost will be defrayed
by the churchwardens. Mrs. L. Chaworth Musters,
of Wiverton, has kindly sent a contribution toward
recutting the inscription. Arrangement has been made
for fixing the monument to the chancel wall under
the east window — on the outer face of the wall —
which was its position from say 1737, to 1900, when
owing to the building and lengthening of the church
it was removed.

Since the earlier part of this paper was printed, it
has been ascertained by reference to the 1833 edition of
Glover's History of Derbyshire, that John Turner, men-
tioned in the last paragraph of page 126, was a grandson
of the George Turner there mentioned.

On page 127, Charles is spoken of as the second son,
whereas he should be described as the third son. John,
of the preceding paragraph, being the second son, and
George, who died in 1761, the eldest.

The floor-stone, mentioned on page 128, is given by
Glover as the only Turner memorial within the church.
The suggestion, therefore, that prior to the restorations
of Alfreton Church in 1868 and 1900, there existed a
series of Turner memorials, does not seem to be well
grounded.

Glover also mentions the Turner monument as being
" outside the church under the chancel window," and
according to his reading of the inscription, Charles
Turner's age was fifty years, not fifty-nine.

In reference to page 128 line eight, Glover gives
the following further information : — Sarah, the second
daughter of John Turner, married (i) Lewis West, Esq.,
(2) ... Turber ; Ann, the third daughter married
. . . Whadden, Esq.

IReport of tbe Council

FOR THE YEAR

Council has the honour of presenting its Report
for the year 1908, being the eleventh since the
foundation of the Society.

On the 31st December, 1908, the Society consisted of
258 subscribing members, eleven life members, and one
honorary member. During the year, eighteen new members
have been added, whilst, either by death or resignation,
fourteen members have been lost to the Society.

The Council regrets to record the death of the following
members during 1908, viz., the Duke of Devonshire, K.G.,
W. Mallalieu, J.P., Rev. E. St. Aubyn, Rev. H. T. Slodden,
F. Abel Smith, B. N. Thorns, and Rev. R. H. Whitworth
(a Vice- President).

The Council is glad to report that no objection, beyond
friendly criticism, has been taken to the increase of the
subscription to 12/6, and there have been no resignations of
members because of it. As a result of this increase there is
now a sum in hand on current account, available towards
printing volumes of the Record Series or for other special
work.

The Council held ten meetings during the year, which
were well attended.

The Memorial to Dr. Robert Thoroton, referred to in last
year's Report, has been completed. A visit of the Society to
Car-Colston Church was arranged, and a short dedication
service was conducted by the vicar, the Rev. E. Robinson,
on September 8th. The Memorial takes the form of a brass
tablet which is fixed to the south wall of the church ; it was
executed by Messrs. Gawthorp & Son, of London. The cost,
including fixing, amounted to £31 2s. Od., which was provided

138

by the donations of thirty-seven members. An illustration
of the Brass will be given in the forthcoming volume of
Transactions.

The Council's suggestion for the removal of Stapleford
Cross from the public street into the churchyard gave rise to
considerable controversy. Ultimately a parish meeting was
convened, which passed a resolution by a small majority
adverse to the proposal. The County Council, under the
powers of the Ancient Monuments Acts of 1900, has under-
taken to provide the protection which is so essential if this
very ancient shaft is to be secured from further damage in its
present exposed position. The Society is indebted to Messrs.
T. M. Blagg and Harry Gill for having on two occasions
faced somewhat turbulent meetings while supporting the
Council's recommendation.1

The most noteworthy work that has been undertaken by
the Society during the past year, if not since its formation,
has been the opening out of the site of the Charterhouse at
Beauvale. A full account of this will appear in the volume
of Transactions now in the press. The cost of the work so
far accomplished has been considerable. The Council only
felt justified in embarking on the undertaking on receiving
promises of donations from several members ; these, how-
ever, did not amount to sufficient to enable such a thorough
investigation of the site to be carried out as could be desired,
and, as it is, a deficit in connection with the excavations still
remains to be paid. The expense of such useful work, which
is for the benefit and advantage of the whole Society, ought
not to be allowed to fall on those few members who always
generously come forward to assist the special enterprises
undertaken by the Council, and the Society cannot, out of its
ordinary income, conveniently sustain the cost without the
risk of curtailing some of its regular work. The best thanks
of the Society are due to the Rev. A. Du Boulay Hill and
Mr. Harry Gill for the many hours they have devoted to this

(*) Since this Report was written, a suitable railing has been placed
on the base of the Stapleford Cross by the County Surveyor.

139

most interesting undertaking.

Further excavations, undertaken by a member of the
Society, on the site of King Richard's Tower at Nottingham
Castle, have resulted in some interesting discoveries. An
account of these will be given in a future volume of the
Transactions.

The circular which was issued with the last Annual
Report, and also sent to each incumbent throughout the
county, suggesting that all churchyard inscriptions should be
recorded, has not met with any practical response except in
the case of Beeston Parish Church (Mr. H. A. Price, church-
warden), Castle Gate Burial Ground (Mr. J. Ward), St.
Mary's Churchyard, Nottingham, and Barker Gate Burying
Ground (Mr. F. W. Dobson) ; the last three were transcribed
by Mr. A. Stapleton. Several promises of co-operation have
been made, but they are, so far, unfulfilled. It is hoped that
more may be done in the forthcoming summer.

The carved stone, which by some has been thought to
have formed the lintel of the tympanum now in the south
wall of Hawksworth Church, and which for years rested,
exposed to the weather, against the outer wall of the building,
has, for its better preservation, been removed inside. The
Council wishes to tender its best thanks to the rector, the
Rev. H. Clarkson, and the churchwardens, for so promptly
acting on the suggestion that was made to them.

The old circular stone dovecote at Barnby-in-the-Willows,
referred to in the Council's Report for 1905, has now been
repaired by the owner, Mr. A. J. F. Platt.

The Editorial Committee has placed a further volume of
Inquisitions in the hands of the printers, which will in due
time reach the members ; but the printing, revising, and
indexing of such volumes necessarily take some time to
execute.

The summer excursion on 16th June was made to Lowd-
ham Church and Old Hall, Woodborough, Epperstone, Oxton
(whence a visit was made to the camp locally known as
" Oldox ") and Calverton.

140

A half-day excursion on the 8th September was devoted
to the unveiling of Dr. Thoroton's Memorial at Car-Colston,
previously referred to, and a brief visit to the neighbouring
church at Screveton.

The following gentlemen have given books to the Society's
Library during the year, viz. — Executors of Cornelius Brown,
History of Newark, vol. ii. ; Mr. J. Potter Briscoe, F.R.S.L.,
Nottingham Free Library Catalogues ; Mr. G. Fellows, Arms,
Armour and Alabaster round Nottingham ; Mr. T. M. Blagg,
F.S.A., Parish Registers of Muston ; Mr. James Ward,
Homes and Haunts of Henry Kirk White. Their good
example, it is hoped, may stimulate others.

In the last Annual Report, it will be remembered that
Mr. E. L. Guilford kindly undertook the supervision of a
collection of any photographs of local interest that might be
contributed from time to time by members or friends. It is
to be regretted that so few have at present come to hand.

The Victoria County History, as far as regards this
county, makes disappointingly slow progress ; the volume
issued in 1906 is still the only one to hand.

The following members have published books during
the year:— Mr. J. Potter Briscoe, F.R.S.L., Chapters of
Nottinghamshire History ; Messrs. A. S. Buxton and A.
Walkerdine, Old Churches of Mansfield Deanery ; Mr. C.
Gerring, F.R.H.S., History of Gedling ; Aid. Robt. Mellors,
C.C., In and About Nottinghamshire ; Messrs. J. Ward
and J. T. Godfrey, Homes and Haunts of Henry Kirk White.

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EMBER, 1908.

1908.— Dec. 31. AS
Balance in hand of Treasurer:—
Current A/c.-Cash in Bank

it hand ..

Capital A/c.— „ Bank
hand

Subscriptions due but not received ;—
1908, 12 at 12/6, and Arrears of
estimated to produce

Stock of Transactions (1897-1907), Inqui
Works and Furniture belonging to 1

Thoroton Society, and hereby

THOS. G. MELLORS, F
WM. BRADSHAW,
HENRY ASHWELL,

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•Receipts.

£ s. d.

£ s. d

Ashwell, Henry, J.P.

...110

Mason, W. H., J.P. ...

... 0 10 6

Allen, Mrs

...110

Mellish, H., J.P., D.L.

... 0 10 0

Mellors, Aid. Robt. ...

...110

Blagg, T. M., F.S.A....

... 1 1 0

Millar, Dr. J

...050

Bradshaw, W

... 1 1 0

Briscoe, J. Potter

... 0 10 6

Nicholson, Col. E. H.,J.

P.... 0 10 6

Burton, F. E.

... 0 10 6

Burton, G. A.

... 0 10 6

Phillimore, W. P. W.

...050

Collinson, Rev. C. B.

•••110

Radford, F. R., J.P. ...
Robertson, Major G. C.,

... 0 10 6
J.P. 2 10 0

Dean, Charles

...110

Russell, John

...050

Denman, T. Hercy ...
Dobson, F. W., J.P. ...

...110
...110

Selby, J
Smith, Mrs. F. C.

...110
...100

Fellows, George, J.P.

...110

Spalding, J. T., J.P. ...

... 0 10 6

Fraser, Sir E. H., D.C.L.,
J p . 2 10 0

Wadsworth, F. A. ...

... 0 10 6

Wallis, G. H., F.S.A.

...110

Gill, Harry

...110

Ward, James

...110

Green, J. A. H.

... 0 10 6

Warren, J. C

...110

Guilford, Miss

... 0 10 0

Wilde, R. A. ... ...."I;

... 1 10

Guilford, E. L.

... 0 10 0

Woolley, C. T. S. ...

... 0 10 6

Hill, Rev. A. D.

...050

£31 2 0

Hill, T. A., J.P.

... 0 10 6

payments.

s. d.

Gawthorp & Son

(tablet)

... 25

5 0

Rev. J. Robinson

(fee) ...

2 0

Thrale Bros, (fixi

ng) ...

15 0

£31 2 0
GEORGE FELLOWS.

SBeauvale Cbarterbouse,

•Receipts.

£ s. d.

Barber, T. P

1 1 0

Manvers, Rt. Hon. Earl

0 0

Blagg, T. M., F.S.A

1 1 0

McCraith, D

5 0

Bonser, G. G

050

Mellish, Lt.-Col. H. ...

0 0

Bradshaw, W

320

Mellor, E.

1 0

Briscoe, J. Potter

0 10 6

Mellors, Aid. Robt.

0 0

Bruce, Lady

0 10 0

Mellors, T. G

... 0 10 0

Musters, Mrs., Wiverton

... 5 00

Cowen, E. S

500

Neale, F. W

... 0 10 6

Dobson, F. W

200

Oakes, Gerard R.

... 1 00

Edge, T. L. K

200

Pine, H. W. P

..050

Fellows, G

Flersheirn, A. ...

1 10 0
0 10 0

Player, W. G 1 10

Portland, His Grace the Duke of 5 0 0

Forman, J.

1 0 0

Robertson, Major G. C.

... 3 00

Foster, Mrs.

1 1 0

Sands, Harold

... 0 10 6

Fraser, Sir E. H., D.C.L.

2 10 0

Selby, James

... 2 20

Smith, Mrs. F. C.

... 1 00

Gascoyne, A

0 10 0

Smith, Miss E. M.

... 0 10 0

Gill, Harry
Granger, James ...
Guilford, Miss

1 0 0
0 10 0
0 10 0

Smith, J. Harley
Spalding, J. T
Standish, Rev. J.

... 0 10 6
... 2 20
... 0 50

Guilford, Miss H

0 10 0

Stevenson, ^^. ... ...

... 1 10

Guilford: E. L

0 10 0

Strutt, Hon. F.

... 0 15 0

Halford, Robt

1 0 0

Wadsworth, F. A.

... 1 00

Hamilton, Mr. & Mrs. W. R. ...

1 0 0

Wallis, G. H., F.S.A. ...

... 1 10

Kicking, W. Norton

220

Walter, Miss

... 0 50

Hill, Rev. A. du Boulay

660

Ward, James

... 0 10 6

Hill, C. H

1 0 0

Ward, S

0 10 0

Hill, Harry

220

Warrand, Major-Gen. W. E

. ... 0 10 6

Hind, L. A.

1 0 0

Warren, J. C

... 1 00

Hodgkinson, R. F. B

0 10 6

Windley, J. W

... 1 00

Holden, Mrs. ...

2 10 0

Windley, Rev. T. W. ...

... 0 50

Hore, G. E

0 10 6

Wing, J. W

... 0 50

Johnson, S. W

0 10 0

Woolley, C. T. Smith ...
Wyles, Harry

... 2 20
... 5 00

Laycock, Rev. W
Lucas, Rt. Hon. Lord
& Lady Desborough

0 10 0
500

Deficit

93 19 6
... 10 5 3

Madan, Rev. Canon

0 10 6

£104 4 9

ftagmente. £ s.

Workmen

...

98 17

Printing

...

0 18

Postages

...

0 8

Drawing of the Seals

...

0 11

Compensation to Tenants

3 10

£104 4 9

Signed, A. Du BOULAY HILL.

HARRY GILL.

N.B,— Additional Subscriptions are urgently needed, to enable the Committee to bring this work
of exploration to a satisfactory completion during tbe present summer.

i46

SOCIETIES IN UNION
FOR THE INTERCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS.

The Society of Antiquaries of London. W. H. ST. J. HOPE,
Esq., M.A., Assistant Secretary, Burlington House,
Piccadilly, W.

The Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and
Ireland. W. HALE - HILTON, Esq., Secretary, 20,
Hanover Square, W.

Cambridge Antiquarian Society. JOHN EBENEZER FOSTER,
Esq., M.A., Secretary, 10, Trinity Street, Cambridge.

Archaeological and Natural History Society of Derbyshire.
PERCY N. CURRY, Esq., Hon. Secretary, 3, Market
Place, Derby.

East Hertfordshire Archaeological Society. W. B. GERISH,
Esq., Hon. Secretary, Bishop's Stortford.

East Riding Antiquarian Society. REV. A. N. COOPER, Hon.
Secretary, The Vicarage, Filey.

Thoresby Society, Leeds. G. D. LUMB, Esq., Hon. Secretary,
65, Albion Street, Leeds.

Ad Pont em, Roman station, 42-
44

Alabaster tombs, 59, 60
Aldeburgh, William de, 73
Alfreton, co. Derby, 126-136
Alport, co. Derby, 134
Alvey, John, 17

William, 17

Annesley Woodhouse, 93

Arms of: — Beaumont, 89;
Browne, 134, 135 ; Canti-
lupe, 88 ; Molineux, 89 ;
Paschall, 89; See of Here-
ford, 88 ; Sherard, 125 ;
Strelley, 17; Turner, 130,
134 ; Zouch, 88

Arnold Church, 8
Arre, Robert, 23
Averham, 22

B
Badbury, camp at, 30

Barnby - in - the -Willows, stone
dovecote at, 139

Basford, Notts., 96
Batteley, Dr., quoted, 39

Baylay, Rev. Atwell M. Y., on

" Lowdham Church," 2-5
Beaumont, arms of, 89

Beau vale Charterhouse, 69-94,
138, 145

Manor Farm, 92

Nicholas Wartyr, Prior

of, 93, 94

Priory, Register of, 70,

Bidding Prayer, form of, 48, 49
Bingham, Chapel Close, 60

Chapel Lane, 64

ghost " laid " at, 64

St. Helen's Chapel, 60

Birkin, Aid., 100
Blagg, T. M., 31, 60, 138

on " Dr. Robert

Thoroton," 50-55

on " Brunsell

Hall," 63, 64

Books published by Members, 140
Booth, Robert, 109
Boun, Anne, 51, 128

Gilbert, 51, 52, 128

Brad well, J. H., 7
Bridgford, East, 42, 43
Brinsley, Notts., 93
Brookland, Kent, font, 36
Broughton Hall, Lowdham, 7
Broughton, Sir Brian, 7

family, 4

Peter, 7

Thomas, 7

Brown, Cornelius, 39, 54
Browne, arms of, 134, 135

John C., 134

Rupert M., 134

Thomas, 134

Brunsell family, 63, 64

— Hall, 63, 64

Rev. Henry, 63, 64

Samuel, D.D., 63, 64

Buck, S. and N., 121
Buckland, Rev. Walter E., 7
Burnham Deepdale, font, 35, 36
Bury, Mrs., 46, 62

Busli, Roger de, 23

Calverton Church, 31-36

Canterbury, Gilbert Sheldon,
Archbishop of, 52

148

Cantilupe, arms of, 88

Eustachia, 70

Nicholas de, 69, 70, 80

Typhonia, 70

Cant-i-lupe, Wolf of Kent, 88

Cantilupo, Thomas de, Bishop of
Hereford, 88

Car Colston, 129
Church, 8, 128, 137

Thoroton Memorial,

47-55

Carthusian Order founded, 69
Chamberleyn, Edward, 106
Charterhouse, Beauvale, 69-94

Hinton, 70

London, 70, 82, 86

Mount Grace, 70,

74, 76, 77, 82, 86

Witham, 70

Chaworth, Robert, 63
Chesterfield, 134, 135
Churchill, Daft Smith, 102

Churchyard Inscriptions, tran-
scripts of, 139

Clarkson, Rev. H., 139
Clifton Church, 17
Codrington, T., quoted, 45
Collins, Rev. T. F., 21
Costock Church, 18
Council, Report of the, 137
Crococalana, Roman station, 46
Cromwell, Ralph de, 20

Dale Abbey, tiles made at, 87
Dale, James, 109
Darling, Grace, 102
Desborough, Lady, 71
Devonshire, Duke of, 137
Dobson, F. W., 139
D'Oyley, Sibella, 131-133
Dufty, Mrs., 23
Dugdale, Sir William, 52

E
East Bridgford, 52, 53

East Leake Church, 18
Edge, William, 14
Edward III., King, 11
Encaustic tiles, 87-91
Epperstone Church, 8

Church and Manors,

Rectory garden, 24

Excursion to Lowdham, Wood-
borough, Epperstone, Oxton,
and Calverton, 1-36

Excursion to Car-Colston and
Screveton, 38-65

Farndon, 125

Fellows, George, 49

Fitz- Ralph, Hugh, 70

Flemish glass, specimens of, 92

Flintham Hall, 41

Floor tiles, 87-91

Foljambe, Mr., 4

" Forfarshire " steamship, 102

Funeral garlands, 15

Gable Crosses, sculptured, 17
Garlands, funeral, 15
Gawthorpe & Son, 47, 137
Ghost " laid " at Bingham, 64
Gill, Harry, 138

on " Beauvale

Charterhouse, Notts.," 69-
94

on ' ' Woodborough

Church," 7-19

Glass, specimens of Flemish, 92
Godesby, Leic., 126
Godfrey, John T., 59, 97, 125
Goffe, William, 60
Gonaleton Church, 3

Granger, James, on "The Old
Streets of Nottingham," 95-
124

Greasley, Notts., 71, 94
Green, John, 39

Gregory family, 117

George, 118

de Ligne, 119

Marmaduke, 118

Thomas, 118

William, 118

Greseley, Prioratus de, 70
Guilford, E. L., 40
Gunthorpe Ferry, 42

Hacker family, 53
Hawksworth Church, 139
Hawton Church, 8, 13
Heathcote, Rev. Edward, 52
Heckington Church, Lines., 8, 13
Henson, Gregory, 49

Hereford, Thomas de Cantilupo,
Bishop of, 88

Hexham, Wilfrid, Bishop of, 33

Hildyard family, 51

Hill, Rev. A. Du Boulay, 26, 138

on ' ' Cal-

verton Church," 31-36

on "Beau-
vale Charterhouse, Notts,"
69-94

Hine, Rev. James, 108

- T. C., 108, 122, 123
Hinton Charterhouse, 70
Hodox Camp, Oxton, 27-31
Hope, W. H. St. John, 74, 82
Hopkinson, Rev. George C., 60
Hornbuckle, Aid. Benj., Ill
Houldsworth family, 23
Howe family, 23

Hungry Bentley, co. Derby, 134,
135

Huskinson family, 23
Thomas, 23

Thomas W., on "Ep-

perstone Church and Man-
ors," 21-23

Ilkeston, co. Derby, 70

Jorz family, 23

Kaye, Sir Richard, Bart., 98
Keys, ancient, 46, 61, 62
Kingston, Duke of, 103
Kip, I., 99, 103
Kirkbride, J. S., 6
Kirkby Woodhouse, 93
Kirke, Richard, 63
William, 63

Lambley Church, 15, 18-21
Laud, Bishop, 126
Laws, Dr., 62
Laycock, Rev. W., 31

on " Oxton

and its Church," 24-26

Leitrim, Baron, 51, 125
Lenton, Notts.. 96, 118
Ley, Sir Francis, 23
Limesi, Basilia, 23

Gerard de, 23

London Charterhouse, 70, 82, 86

St. Paul's Church, 126

Lovetot family, 51
Lowdham Church, 2-5

family, 4

Hall, 4, 6, 7

Sir John, 2, 41

Low-side windows, purpose of,
3

Lowe, Rev. Robert, 41
Lucas, Lord, 71
Lutterworth, old font, 25

Maiden Castle, Camp at, 30
Mallalieu, W., 137
Malyn, John, 105

Manners-Sutton, Abp. of Canter-
bury, 60

Margidunum, Roman station, 38-
46, 62

Mellish, Colonel, 55
Miles, Canon, 39

Nottingham, Charlotte Street,
122

the la

te Frank, on "Ad
' 42-44

irgaret M., 52
eorge, 134
51,52

Charterhouse, 70,
, 82, 86

. L. C., 135

Jotts., 94
94
Albert Street, 104
Back Lane, 116,119
Back Side, 118, 120
Barker Gate, 107
Beck rivulet, 115,

Bellar Gate, 100,

Bow Street, 123
BrewhouseYard,96
Bridge End, 107,

Bridgefoot, 113
Bridge Street, 113
Bridlesmith Gate,

Broad Marsh, 100,

Broad Street, 118
Broadway, 100
Canal Street, 110
Carlton Street, 117-

• Carrington Street,
Carter Gate, 115,
• Castle, 139

Church Gate 104

Pontem,'
Molyneux, M;
Morewood, G
Morin family,

Mount Grace
74, 76, 77

Musters, Mrs

Newthorpe, I
Nottingham,

CMmnhpr Sfrppt"

118,

120
Poalrvit I anc* 120

123

Cowline Rar 120

Mill,

115, 116
- Derby Road 119

Drury Hill 100

Felt Alley 111

Finkhill Street 95

Fisher Gate 106

114,

115
Fox Lane, 107

116

102,

124
George Street, 119

106-109

nirm(<hnimr 120

121,

122

Street

110, 113

121,

122
Glue Court, 111

Great Central Rail-

way
112

, excavations for, 111,

110, 113

Gridlesmith Gate,

117

Mill

, 122, 123

119

124

123

104

Hockley, 120

119-121

Hollow Stone, 103-

106,

109
Hounds Gate, 104,

- Castle Museum 41

123

Island Street, 111

43,44

- Castle rock, 95

123

Nottingham, Kaye's Walk, 97-
99, 101, 102

Nottingham, Plumptre's Vista,
100, 108

— pottery maae at, «y

•• — Red Lion Square,
113

Red Lion Street II9

113

- Leen Bridge, 110,
- Leen, river, 95, 112

123

SnnHfirlrl 107

120

, „ . . Cx. Mitnj'c Phil rr«li

- Lister Gate, 123

Side, 104

- Low Pavement, 100

Matin Hill 10s* 1OR

St. Mary's Church
Walk, 97, 98

115

95, 97, 99-102, 104

- Mill Street 122 123

- Narrow Marsh 106

St. Mary's Hill, 103

108-113,

123
- Newark Lane 120

St. Mary's Work-
house, 107

121

- Outgang Square,

St. Nicholas*
Church Walk, 97

124

- Parliament Street,
122

- Pelham Street, 117-

• Pennyfoot Lane,
119

• Pennyfoot Row,
Pennyfoot Stile,

Peter Gate, 96
Pilcher Gate, 95
Pinfolds, 107
Plague in, 110

Plumbtree Pad-
i

Plumptre Hospital,
Plumptre House,

Plumptre Square,
111, 113

Plumotre Street.

St. Peter's Church
Side, 104

118-120,
119

Walk, 97

Yard, 123

114-116,

114-116

123

114-116

_ . Shnrfr Hill 1OO 1OJ.

dock, 101

100, 103, 104, 109

113

119

99, 100

113

105-107,

111

Tsinnpre' V a i» rl a

100, 104, 108, 109

110-112

152

Nottingham, Thatched houses,
107, 108

Thurland Hall, 118

tiles made at, 87

Trent Bridge, 96

Vat Yard, 111

Vistas in, 100, 108

Water Lane, 116

Street, 115,

116

pital, 115

Waterworks, 95, 96
Wheeler Gate, 123
Willoughby's Hos-

115

Willoughby Row,
Wollaton Street,

Woolley's Alms-
houses, 109

Woodborough Rd.,

119, 122

107

Wright's Bank, 117
York Street, 107,

122

Odingsells, Elizabeth, 22

- Hugo de, 23
-- John, 22
Oldfield, Henry, bellfounder, 15
Oldox Camp, Oxton, 27-31
Oxton Church, 24-27

- Oldox Camp, 27-31

Parkyns, Mansfield, 15
Paschall, arms of, 89
Paulit family, 22
Phillipa, Queen, 11
Pietermaritzburg, 102
Pigot, Gervase, 52, 53
Platt, A. J. F., 139
Plumptre, John, 100
Price, H. A., 139

Pryce, T. Davies, on " Oldox or
Hodox Camp, Oxton," 28-31

Ransom, Dr., 100

Receipts and Payments, 1908,
summary of, 141

Recorde, Robert, 60
Reculver, Roman remains at, 39
Reding, Elizabeth, 126
Thomas, 126

Report of the Council for the
year 1908, 137

Rheims Cathedral, 69
Robinson, Rev. Edward, 48, 137
Rooke, Major, 31

St. Agatha, 92, 93

St. Aidan, 13

St. Catherine, symbol of, 11

St. Lucy of Sycracuse, 92, 93

St. Margaret, symbol of, 11

St. Paulinus, 13

St. Swithun, 13

St, Wilfrid, 33, 56

St. Winifred, 55, 56

Samon, Thomas, 93

Sampey family, 64

Sampson family, 23

Scarsdale, Earl of, 127

Screveton Church, 35, 55-60

Scroop family, 23

Seal of Beauvale Priory, 93

Selston, Notts., 93

coal pits, 83

Shaw, Huntingdon, 23
Sheldon, Gilbert, 52
Shelf ord, Notts., 125
Sherard, Anna M., 49

Anne, 129

arms of, 125

Margaret, 126

Philip, 51, 125-127

Philip T., 125

Robert, 52, 126

William, 125

153

Sherbrooke family, 26

Sherwood Forest, Robert Wood,
Verderer of, 16

Shirley, Henry, 13

— John, 13
Sibthorpe Church, 8
Slight, Rev. F. G., 19
Slodden, Rev. H. T., 137
Smith, F. Abel, 137

Rev. R. F., 45

Rev. T. Woollen, 33

Sneinton Church, 115

Hermitage, 115

Society's Library, gifts to, 140
South Collingham, 46
Southwell, Chapter House, 8

Peculiar of, 8

Spenceley, Elizabeth, 128

- William, 128

Standish, Rev. J., on "Screveton
Church," 55-60

Stapleford Cross, 138
Stevenson, William, on "The
Descendants of Dr. Robert
Thoroton," 125-136
Strelley, arms of, 10, 17

Church, 10

— Richard de, 8, 10

• Sampson de, 10

Stretton, William, 11, 97
Stukeley, Dr., quoted, 38, 39
Sutton, Elizabeth, 22
Sir William, 22

Swanwick, co. Derby, 51, 125-
127, 129, 131, 133, 134

Taylor, T. & Co., bellfounders,

Thorns, B. N., 137
Thoroton, Anne, 125

Elizabeth, 125, 126

— family, 50-55, 63
Mary, 126

Thoroton, Robert, M.D., memo-
rial tablet to, at Car Colston,
47-55, 137, 144

Dr. Robert, descend-
ants of, 125-136

Society founded, 54

-Thomas, 132, 133

Thoroton-Hildyard family, 51
Throsby, John, 52
Tibtoft, Baron, 23
Trentham, William, 101
Trim, Baron le, 125
Turber, Sarah, 136
Turner, Ann, 136

arms of, 130, 134

Charles, 127, 129, 131,

136
133
136

-Elizabeth, 125-129, 131,
•George, 126, 131-134,

Georgiana, 134

— John, 51, 125-129, 131,
136

Sarah, 136

Sibella, 131-133

Sibella Ann, 134

Vandermine, artist, 130
Vilers, Paganus de, 8

Walker family, 23
Wallis, G. H., 44
Ward, James, 139
- Richard, 15

Wartyr, Nicholas, Prior of

Beauvale, 93, 94
West, Lewis, 136
Whadden, Ann, 136
Whalley, Edward, 60

John, 49

monument, Screveton,

Richard, 55, 60

154

Wheatley, Edmund, 117
Whitworth, Rev. R. H., 137
Wigwell Grange, co. Derby, 134
Wilfrid, Bishop of York, 33, 56
Willughby, Richard, 93
Wilson, Aid., 100
Winchester, Bishop of, 13
Witham Charterhouse, 70
Wood, Christopher, 121

family, 20

John, 16, 132

Robert, 16

Woodborough Church, 7-19, 22

Woolley, T. C., 46
Worksop Manor, 125
Priory, 51

Wren, Christopher, Dean
Windsor, 63

York, St. Margaret's Church, 34

- Wilfrid, Bishop of, 33, 56
William la Zouch, Arch-
bishop of, 88

Zouch, William la, Archbishop
of York, 88

Copies of the Society's Transactions and Publica-
tions (so far as in print) may be had on application
to the Hon. Secretaries.

*• Transactions.

1897 ... ... ... 5/-

1898 ... ... ... 5/-

1899 ... ... ... 5/-

1900 15/-

1901 15/-

1902 ... ... ... 10/-

1903 ... ... ... 10/-

1904 ... ... ... 10/-

1905 ... ... ... 15/-

1906 ... ... ... 15/-

1907 ... ... ... 10/-

Record Series.

Vol. I. 17th century Register Transcripts at Southwell, 5/-
„ II. Domesday of Inclosures, 1517, out of print.
„ III. Inquisitiones Post Mortem (vol. I.), 15/-

1899 Exhibition Catalogue ... I/-

1900 Exhibition Catalogue (Portraits) 1/6

Cloth Cases for Binding are to be obtained from
Messrs. Q. & J. Abbott, Parliament Street, Nottingham.

954 .22

BX 2596 .8438 H55 1909

IMST

Hill, Arthur Du Boulay

Beauvale Charterhouse,

Notts, /
ARJ-7248

MEDIAEVAL STUD!**

39 QUEEN'S

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