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LIBRARY 

OF  THE 


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Source 


1<K)6 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  in  your 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED 
HIVES  made  by  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping-  on  hand. 


IVIaFshfield  Mfg.   Co. 

IWaFshfield,  Wis. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 

Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcdy 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the   Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.    VHJ^    DEUSEf), 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  V 


BEE  KEEPERS' 
EARLY  DISCOUNTS. 

Now  is  the  time  to  send  in 
your  order  for  goods  for  use 
next  season  and  for  all  orders 
where  cash  accompanies,  we 
allow  the  the  following  dis- 
counts: 


Before   Oct. 
Nov. 


deduct 


lo    per  cent. 

9 

Dec,    I  •'  8  " 

Jan.    I  "  7  " 

Feb.  I  "  6  " 

Mar.   I  "  4  " 

"        Apr.    I  "  2  " 

Freight  rates  from  Toledo  are  the 
lowtst.  Can  take  honey  and  bees- 
wax in  exchange  for  supplies  if  you 
desire.  Send  for  free  illustrated  cat- 
alogue. It  describes  and  ilhistraies 
everything  for  both  the  Poultry  and 
Bee-Keepeis. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

521  Griggs  Block 
TOLEDO,         -         .         OHIO. 


Lowest  Prices. 

BIG   DISCOUNT  FOR  EARI^Y 
ORDERS. 


On  cash  orders 
Before  November  i  9  per  ce 

,,        December  18,.  , 

,,        January       17,,  , 

,,        February    16,,  , 

,,        March          14,,  , 
,,        April            12,, 


Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds. 

Established  nearly  25  years. 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
,Soc  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  published.  Ec'ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 

Company, 

Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


.V 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


f^ake  Your  Own  Hives. 


JSee  ^  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on  trial. 
Send  for  Catalog-ue. 

W.F.&JNO.  BARNES  CO., 

384  Ruby  St., 

Rockford,     Ills. 


4  -04-19 


li^P^ 


PATEINT,     BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.         24 


VEiARS  the:   beist.    oataloq  freie:. 

F.       BINGHAM,        FA  RXA/EILL,       MICH. 


BEE     SUPPLfeS. 


'  We  handle  the  finest  bee  supplies,  made-by  the  W.  T.  FALCO.NER  MFG. 
CO.,-  Jamestowni  N-  Y-  Big  Discounts  on  early  orders,  let  us  figure 
with  you  on  your  wants.        .'.. 

MUTH  SPECIAL  DOVE  TAIL  HIVES,  have  a  honey  board,  warp- 
proof  cover,  and  bottom  board,  think  of  it,  same  prico  as  the  regular 
styles.     Send  for  dataleg.      - 

THE  FRED,  w;  MUTH  CO., 


51    WALI^UT    ST., 


CINCINNATI,    OHIO. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Discount 


We  will  allow  you  the  above  discount 
on  all  orders  accompnied  by  cash  during 
January.     Send  for  Catalogue. 

Page  &  Lyon  Mfg.  Co.,  New  London,  Ws. 


^m^M'^^tfMmwMm^mi^mm^mi^m^m^m^ 


Faran  f©iF  Saleo 

I  have  three  boys  man-grown,  and, 
for  that  reason,  I  wish  to  sell  vay  farm 
and  OTQ  into  Northern  jNIichigan  where 
wild  land  is  cheap,  that  we  may  all 
secure  farms  near  together.  The  farm 
that  I  wish  to  sell  is  located  eig^ht  miles 
east  of  Vassar,  Tuscola  County,  Mich- 
igan. It  consists  of  40  acres,  30  of 
which  are  cleared.  It  is  well-fenced 
and  well-drained.  There  is  a  small 
orchard,  stables  for  the  horses  and 
cows,  and  a  small  story  and  a  half 
house.  The  soil  is  a  dark  sandy  loam, 
and  can't  bebeatenfor  raising  potatoes, 
corn,  hay,  buckwheat,,  etc.  There  is 
rural  mail  deliver^',  school  '4  of  a  inile 
distant,  and  railroad  station  only  two 
miles  away.  The  location  is  a  good 
one  for  honey.  From  twenty  colonies, 
last  year,  I  secured  120  pounds  of  ex- 
tracted honey  per  colony.  I  offer  this 
farm  for  only  $600;  two-thirds  down, 
and  bal.  on  long  time  if  desired.  Would 
accept  bees  in  partpaj'ment  if  they  were 
not  too  far  away.  For  further  particu- 
lars address, 

ELMER  HUTCHINSON, 

Vassar,  Mich. 
Reference,  Editor  of  Review. 


lAfMMAAff.  Fancy  white  comb  honey  in 
■■^"**'*^"  non-drip  shipping  cases  also 
white  clover  honey  in  cans  and  barrels  Please 
send  samples  and  state  yonr  lowest  price  deliver- 
ed here.  We  pay  spot  cash  upon  receipt  ot 
goods.  6RIGQ$  BROS.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


GREEN'S 

Wedding  Announcement 

He  loved  the  Rirl  very  much. 

That  was  his  business. 

She  loved  him  just  as  well. 

That  was  her  busmess. 

They  decided  to  be  inarried. 

That  was  their  business. 

They  will   need   Vines,  Plants 

and  Trees  for  their  garden. 

That's  OUR  business. 

We  have  a  surplus  of  Asparagus 
plants,  Poplar  and  Apple  trees.  Send 
for  free  catalog;  also  Fruit  Magazine. 

GREEN'S  NURSERY  CO., 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 


FOUNDATION      MAKER 

WANTED 

Our  man  who  niakis  our  comb  foundation  ex- 
pects to  leave  us  soon,  and  we  have  no  one  to  put 
in  his  place.  Any  one  having  some  experience  in 
this  line,  and   wishingr  this  position,  would  do  well 

to  correspond  with  us.  

THE  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG.,  C0..3^ 
1-06-lt  Jamestown,  N.  Y 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


i  "DflDAflT'S  FOUpATIOIl" 


IT  EXCELS. 

^^^  ^^T^  ^^r'  f^^ 


We  Guarantee  Satisfaction. 


ft^*  ^^'^^"'ft^' 


BEE=SUPPLIES 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Beeswax  Wanted  at  all  times. 

A.  G,  Woodman^  Grand  Rapids, 
Agents  for  Michigan. 

DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  111. 


Special  Sale  on 
HIVES  AND  SECTIONS 

Until  March  15th.  Eight-frame.  Dove- 
tail Hives,  1>^  story,  $1.25;  10-frame, 
$1.40;  No.  1  bee-w^ay  sections,  $3.90; 
No.  2,  $3.40;  24  lb.  Shippings-Cases, 
13c;  Foundation,  Smokers,  etc.,  cheap. 
Michig-an  Ajj;^ent  for  Dittmer's  new 
process  foundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  24-pafje  catalog-ue,  free. 

W.  D.  SOPER, 

F.  R.    D.   3  JACKSON,  MICH. 

3Dtf  Please  mention  the  Bee  Journal. 


-If  you  are  ^oing  to- 


BUY  A  BlJZZ-SAW^, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  Keview.  He  has  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  you  happy  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


All  about   Befs. 

16-page   Weekly. 

Sample  Free.   $1 

ayear;  3  months' 
Trial  Trip.  20c.  silver  or  stamps. 
Best  writers.  Oldest  bee-pai'er; 
illustr^ateJ.  Dept's  for  bp»finnera 
an (i  for  women  bee-keepers. 

QEORQEW.YORK&CO. 
334  Dearborn  3treet.  CHICAQO,  ILL. 


*ijjTO»iOLQfly 


Qe  (5)ee- 


eps 


A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$1.00  A  YEAR. 
W.  Z.  flOTCHINSON.  Editor  and  Proprietor. 

VOL.  XIX.        FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  JAN.  15,  1906.       NO.  1 

H.    L.    HUTCHINSON. 


TT  was  easier  for  me  to  make  this 
^  horse-power  than  it  will  be  to  de- 
scribe it;  and  if  I  had  known  that  "W. 
Z."  would  ever  have  come  prowling- 
around  here  with  his  camera,  I  could 
have  made  a  nicer  frame  for  it. 

The  posts  are  20  feet  apart,  and  set 
into  the  g-round  four  feet.  The  cross- 
beam is  seven  feet  above  the  ground, 
so  that  the  horse  can  walk  under  it. 
The  middle,  or  revolving-  post,  is  made 
of  a  2  X  10,  second-growth,  oak  plank. 
It  must  be  strong-  and  toug-h  to  stand 
the  strain.  There  is  a  round  tenon  on 
the  bottom  end,  with  an  iron  band 
driven  on  tight,  and  it  rests  on 
an  iron  plate,  so  that  the  constant 
turning  will  not  wear  down  into  the 
block  and  allow  the  gearing  to  sag  out 
of  line. 

The  sweep  is  IJi  feet  from  the  center 
to  the  eye-bolt,  and  the  lead-pole  does 
not  show  in  the  picture.  Two  svveeps 
.  id  two  horses  could  be  used. 

he  gearing  is  part  of  an  old  mower 
with  the  axle  in  a  perpendicular  posi- 
tion.    A    large  part  of  the  main  frame 


is  cut  oflP  as  it  would  be  a  useless 
weight.  The  axle  was  taken  out,  and 
a  blacksmith  split  the  right  hand  end 
and  made  it  like  a  big  clevis,  then  it 
was  put  back  in  the  gearing  box  from 
the  /^/^  /land  side  so  the  long  end  w^uld 
hang  down. 

The  weight  of  the  gearing  and  box 
ifiiisi  rest  on  the  top  of  the  plank  post. 
The  axle  supports  nothing  but  it's  own 
weight,  so  there  will  be  no  friction,  or 
bearing  down,  on  the  gear-wheels.  I 
spent  hours  planning  and  measuring 
to  get  this  adjusted y«.y^  rig/ii  so  that  it 
would  run  free  and  easy.  The  beam 
does  no/  support  the  vs^eight  of  the 
gearing;  it  simply  /loldsit  up  in  p/ace. 

The  /a//  post  is  the  mast  for  a  wind 
mill  that  can  be  used  to  run  the  short 
shaft  and  belt-wheel,  and  the  horse- 
power will  be  thrown  out  of  gear  when 
the  wind  mill  is  used.  I  intend  to  use 
the  horse-power  for  sawing  pole-wood, 
and  (-he  wind-mill  for  pumping  water 
or  rir.i.iing  small  machin'^r'.  in  the 
shop.  The  long  shaft  makes  30  revolu- 
tions to  one  round  of  the  horse,  and  the 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


belt-wheel  makes  52,  or  about  240  per 
minute. 

If  anyone  wishes  to  make  just  a 
horse  power  alone,  I  would  advise 
two  short  posts  with  no  bevel-gear  like 
mine;  simply  let  the  long  shaft  extend 
out  past  the  post  long  enough  to  put  on 
a  belt  wheel,  then  use  a  /ar^-er  wheel  to 
get  the  speed  on  the  saw,  and  run  the 
belt  under  two  idler  pulleys  down  near 
the  ground  so  it  would  not  be  above  the 
saw-table  in  the  way  for  making  bee- 
hives. 

If  I  were  making  it  just  to  run  a 
buzz-saw,  I  should  make  it  in  this  way; 
but  I  made  mine  to  saw  wood,  shell 
corn,  grind  feed,  pump  water  or  do  any 
such  work. 

To  steady  the  beam  in  the  middle, 
there  are  two  guy  wires  fastened  to 
trees,  but  a  post  could  be  set  10  feet 
away,  opposite  the  middle  and  a  guy 
pole  run  from  it  to  the  beam. 

A  short  block  is  set  in  the  ground, 
half  way  between  the  posts,  with  a 
short  oak  plank  spiked  on  top,  firmly 
braced,  with  a    hole  in  the    plank,  but 


not  in  the  block,  and  an  iron  plate  is 
fastened  in  right  under  this  hole. 
There  is  an  iron  plate  on  each  side  of 
the  plank  where    the  clevis  joins  it. 

The  materials  did  not  cost  very  much 
for  they  are  all  parts  of  old  machines, 
and  my  time  was  odd  hours  when  I  had 
no  other  work;  it  is  amusement  or  rec- 
reation, for  me  to  rig  up  machinery. 

Do  not  expect  or  try  to  do  heavy 
work  with  a  small  power  like  this — it 
is  not  a  ten  horse-power  engine. 

The  gearing  was  taken  from  a  Deer- 
ing  mower,  but  other  mowers  have  the 
same  kind  of  gearing  and  can  be  used 
just  as  well.  The  bevel  gear  is  out  of 
a  Deering  binder,  so  if  I  ever  break 
any  gear  wheels  I  can  get  duplicate 
parts  in  Mayville  at  the  Deering 
agency. 

Now  I  wish  some  one  would  tell  me 
how  to  fix  it  so  I  can  use  the  wind-m'U 
and  horse-power  both  at  the  same  tim. 
and  thus  get  double- power — some  so»t 
of  a  spring-clutch  that  will  slip  when 
the  wind  blows  hard. 

Mayville,  Mich.,  Dec.  14,  1905. 


tlie  iFiicrease  of  Ip' 


M.    A.    GILL. 


EDITOR  REVIEW:— I  have  care- 
fully read  your  article  in  the  No- 
vember Review,  upon  the  Control  of 
Increase,  and  I  wish  to  say  that  it  is 
such  articles  as  that,  coming  in  an 
editorial  way,  that  make  bee  journals 
worth  reading;  and,  if  you  will  con- 
tinue to  write  good,  long,  sensible  edi- 
torials, upon  live  subjects,  and  throw 
irto  the  waste  basket  the  dry,  old  re- 
ports of  year-old-bee-conventions,  to- 
gether with  the  tveedle  twaddle  writ- 
ings of    would-be    inventors,  then    you 


will  have  the  best  journal  published— 
if  you  haven't  got  it  now. 

THE    LANGSTROTH   HIVE    STILL    AT    THE 
HEAD. 

Really,  there  has  been  no  hive  in- 
vented, that  interests  the  practical  bee- 
keeper who  is  putting  large  quantities 
of  honey  upon  the  market,  since  the 
invention  of  Langstroth;  nothing  in 
foundation  and  sections  since  Root 
first  put  them  out.  And  in  the  control 
of    increase    we    are  just  beginning  to 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


carrj'  out  the  plans  and  rules,  laid 
down  by  Lang-stroth  and  Quinby,  in 
their  masterful  works,  written  fifty 
years  asjo  I 

In  the  matter  of  controlling-  increase, 
no  plan  that  requires  any  subsequent 
manipulation,  or  fussing-,  is  practical, 
and  that  is  why  I  prefer  to  practice 
shooi<-s  warming. 

I  have  eleven  apiaries,  averag-ing-  a 
little  over  100  colonies  each,  and  it  re- 
quires a  little  over  one  hundred  miles 
of  travel,  each  week,  to  visit  them  all; 
hence,  it  is  possible  to  see  thein  only 
once  every  six  days,  and  the  Stachel- 
hausen  plan  of  giving  brood  for  a  day 
or  so,  and  then  taking  it  away,  is  not 
possible;  and,  in  mj'  locality',  it  would 
not  be  best. 

I  will  not  attempt  in  this  article  to 
give  my  plans  through  the  whole 
swarming  season,  with  the  whole 
^^tring  of  apiaries,  for,  in  some  apia- 
,  ries,  where  there  is  a  prospect  for  a 
good  late  flow,  I  piefer  to  shake  a 
whole  yard  at  once,  making,  perhaps, 
from  75  to  TOO  per  cent,  of  increase, 
thus  bringing  swarming  to  an  end  early 
in  the  season. 

To  illustrate  the  plans  we  follow,  I 
will  first  say  tl]at  I  aim  to  see  how 
little  work  I  can  do  in  early  spring  in- 
stead of  how  much. 

THE   INFLUliNCK    OK    KALI-   AND    SPRING 
MANAGEMi.NT. 

The  previous  autumn,  I  see  to  it  that 
each  colony  has  a  vigorous  qneen, 
plenty  of  bees  and  honey;  and,  if  not 
full  of  hone}',  I  feed  sugar  syrup  until 
it  is  full;  then,  when  March  comes,  I 
let  them  alone,  and  when  April  comes, 
I  let  them  alone;  and  when  May  comes 
I  let  them  alone;  until  at  least  the  20th 
of  the  month.  Any  eight-frame  hive 
well  provisioned  the  fall  before  will 
have  ample  stores  until  this  time. 
Now,  if  Nature  is  not  meeting  the 
needs  of  the  bees  begin  to  feed,  and 
keep  it  up  until  the  flow  commences; 
many  bee-keepers  rowwifwri?  feeding  too 
soon,  and  quit  too  soon. 


Don't  practice  spreading  brood  be- 
fore June  1st.     It  don't  pay. 

Now,  June  1st,  or  earlier  in  the 
season,  if  conditions  require,  go  over 
every  colony  in  the  apiary,  and  note 
the  condition,  and  draw  from  the 
strongest  and  give  to  the  weakest. 
You  have  now  established  a  date. 

The  season  is  now  on  when  we 
may  expect  swarming;  and,  as  I  in- 
tend to  hold  the  swarming  down  to  the 
minimum,  I  examine  every  colony  every 
six  days.  I  say  six  days,  because 
that  is  just  the  right  time;  four  or  five 
days  is  too  soon  for  conditions  to  suffi- 
cientl}"^  develop,  and  seven  or  eight 
days  is  too  long,  and  some  colonies 
will  have  started  cell  cups  and  devel- 
oped their  young  queens  sufficiently  to 
have  swarmed  by  the  eighth  day. 

HOW  TO  DISCOURAGE  AND  DIMINISH 
SWARMING. 

The  second  examination  is  a  very 
important  time;  some  colonies  are  pre- 
paring to  swarm,  but  none  are  shaken 
as  long  as  there  are  weak  colonies  that 
will  take  one  or  more  frames  of  brood; 
and,  besides,  a  large  per  cent,  of  the 
colonies  from  which  brood  is  drawn 
will  not  again  off"er  to  swarm  if  work 
now  begins  in  the  super.  All  colonies 
that  have  queen  cells  or  queen  cups 
should  be  deprived  of  such  cells. 

Now  comes  the  third  visit,  and  a 
large  per  cent,  of  the  colonies  from 
which  cells  were  removed  on  the  last 
visit  will  be  found  to  have  given  up 
swarming,  if  work  has  begun  in  the 
supers;  and  it  is  wise  to  anticipate 
their  needs  and  give  too  much  room, 
rather  than  not  enough,  at  this  season 
of  the  year. 

WHEN  THE    TIME    COMES  TO   "SHAKE." 

After  having  discouraged  many  col- 
onies from  swarming,  on  the  two  pre- 
vious visits,  by  drawing  brood  and  cut- 
ting out  cells,  we  will  find  quite  a  per 
cent,  that  are  still  determined  to 
swarm;  and  now  is  the  time  to  use 
thoroughness  and  judgment — and  don't 


10 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


mistake  supeseding  for  swarming-,  [tell 
us  how  to  avoid  tiiis  mistake — Ed.  Rk- 
viEw]  because  if  you  shake  such  a 
colony,  it  is  sure  to  swarm  again,  and 
you  will  condemn  the  plan  and  say  it 
does  not  prevent  swarming. 

Don't  shake  any  colonies  where  the 
per  cent,  of  hatching  brood  is  not  in 
the  right  proportion  to  the  eggs  and 
larvae;  remember  that  many  colonies 
swarm  nxturally  when  ihey  ought  not  to, 
and  this  is  where  many  lose  so  much 
brood  that  they  condemn  the  system. 
It  is  possible  to  have  a  hive  full  of 
brood  in  which  there  will  be  very  few 
hatching  bees  for  the  next  12  to  24  hours. 
Better  cut  out  all  cells  and  cups  in 
such  colonies,  and  defer  shaking  until 
the  next  visit. 

All  colonies  that  are  determined  to 
swarm,  and  in  condition,  are  now 
shaken  into  a  new  hive  provided  with 
starters  (which  I  much  prefer  to  full 
combs  when  working  for  comb  honey) 
and  placed  on  the  old  stand.  I  hang 
in  one  comb,  taking  care  to  remove 
any  queen  cells  that  might  be  on  it, 
and  choosing  one  with  brood  in  all 
stages,  and  with  all  its  honey  sealed, 
so  there  will  be  no  bulging  of  combs 
during  comb  building.  I  gi"e  this  one 
comb,  not  that  I  prefer  to,  but  to  estab- 
lish a  brood  nest  below,  as  comb  build- 
ing is  well  under  way  in  the  super,  and 
the  queen  might  commence  lajing 
above. 

Now  this  young  swarm  is  in  perfect 
condition  for  comb  honey,  and  for  comb 
building,  as  it  has  all  the  wax  workers 
and  honey  gatherers  of  the  old  colony; 
and  it  won't  swarm,  in  fact,  it  cannot 
leave  the  yard,  as  the  queen  is  clipped, 
and  we  need  not  remove  the  brood  at 
any  other  time,  simply  forget  it,  but 
just  notice  what  splendid  work  it  has 
done  by  the  next  visit  ! 

WHAT  TO    DO  WITH  THK   BKOOD. 

Now  carry  the  brood  to  a  new  stand, 
and  shake  another  swarm  the  same  as 
before,  and  carry  the  brood  and  place 
it  on  top  of  the  other  brood,  not  as  one 


colony,  but  as  two,  and  allow  no  queen 
to  develop  in  the  top  hive,  and  in  20 
days  shake  the  bees  from  the  top  hive 
in  witii  the  lower  one.  These  twelve 
to  fifteen  combs  of  brood  will  also  make 
a  colony  that  will  give  a  good  account 
of  itself  through  July  and  August. 
FIVE  VISITS  SUFFICIENT  DDRING  SWARM- 
ING-TIME. 

I  find  it  necessary  in  my  locality  to 
make  at  least  five  visits  in  order  to 
cover  the  swarming  period.  I  do  not 
claim  that  this  does  not  take  work  and 
lots  of  it,  but  three  of  us  find  it  possible 
to  travel  one  hundred  miles  each  week 
and  control  the  swarming  in  l(jOO  col- 
onies, and  I  ha^e  not  lost  two  percent, 
from  swarming-out  from  old  colonies, 
nor  absconding  from  shook-swarms, 
in  the  past  five  years. 

Of  course,  this  plan  is  possible  with 
so  many  bees  only  in  a  climate  like 
this. 

I  find  by  following  this  plan,  that  I 
have  from  10  to  15  per  cent,  increase, 
or  a  little  more  than  enough  to  make  up 
winter  losses.  Again,  all  colonies  are 
strong,  and  I  don't  come  up  to  the  close 
of  the  season  with  a  lot  of  weak  col- 
onies. Then,  too,  ever\'  colony  that  is 
in  condition  to  make  surplus  honey  has 
a  laying  queen,  and  that  is  a  decided 
advantage  over  the  dequeening  plan; 
as  ail}'  one  who  practices  dequeening 
while  working  for  comb  honey,  must  be 
satisfied  with  less  hone\',  for  no  colony 
worked  for  comb  honey  will  do  the 
work  that  a  colony  will  that  alvva3's 
has  a  laying  queen. 

HURRAH  FOR  THE  HOFFMAN   FRAME  ! 

And  now,  before  I  close  this  article 
friend  Hutchinson,  I  am  going  to  give 
you  a  rub;  don't  get  mad,  for  /  ain't, 
and  I  want  to  say  that  the  only  way  I 
can  accomplish  so  much  bee  work  is 
by  having-  uniformity  of  fixtures  and 
Hotl'man  frjimes,  and  I  defy  you  or 
any  one  else,  to  come  along  side  of  m; 
aud  go  thro  igh  as  man3^  colonies,  and 
ha.ndle  as    many    combs,  as  I  do,  with 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


11 


any  kind  of    loose,  hanging",  or  fing'er-       that  the  more  propolis  I  have,  the  more 


spaced  frames,  if  j'ou  will  ag^ree  to 
keep  3'our  combs  as  nice  and  straight, 
as  I  do  mine;  and  now  I  know  I  will 
shock  vou  and  a  few  others  when  I  saj' 


I  want  Hofl'man  frameswith  short  rests. 
Was    it  Dr.  Miller    that  said,  "what 
queer  critters  we  mortals  be  ?" 

LoNOMONT,  Colo.,  Nov.  12,  1905. 


Prepmire  for  tlie  Cosmlin^  Sesison 


H.    SMITH. 


□QHE  honey  season  over,  the  bees  put 
T^  into  their  snug  winter  quarters, 
and  the  most  of  the  season's  crop  dis- 
posed of,  and  we,  as  thorough  bee-keep- 
ers, turn  our  attention  to  making  pre- 
parations for  the  coming  season. 

If  we  have  fifty  or  more  colonies,  and 
if  we  have  anything  else  to  take  some 
our  attention  and  time  during  the 
winter,  fiozv,  is  none  too  soon  to  com- 
mence preparing  the  numberless  things 
required  in  the  apiary  during  the  busy 
time. 

Possibly,  the  man  who  buys  all  his 
hives  and  fixtures  need  not  get  such  a 
rush  on.  He  gets  all  his  material 
read}'  to  put  together,  which  is  not  a 
very  long  operation.  But  the  founda- 
tion is  to  be  put  into  frames  and  sec- 
tions, hives  painted,  and  numberless 
other  things  to  be  done,  which  if  not 
attended  to  in  spare  time,  will  find  him 
full  of  regrets  in  the  busy  season,  when 
the  air  is  full  of  honey  and  swarms. 

But  the  man  who  intends  making  his 
own  hives  and  appliances  is  the  fellow 
who  in  Its f  get  to  work  now.  That  lum- 
ber must  be  brought  from  the  mill,  and 
if  he  gets  it  in  the  rough,  it  has  to  be 
dressed,  which  is  a  very  long  opera- 
tion, unless  he  has  a  planer  run  by 
power.  In  cutting  out  hives,  if  he  has 
a  circular  saw,  I  would  advise  setting 
the  gauge  and  cutting  out  first  what 
ends  for  hives  he  will  require;  then  re- 


set the  gauge  and  cut  out  all  the  sides. 
By  doing  this,  everything  will  be  ex- 
act and  the  hives  all  one  size. 

MAKING  HOFFMAN  FRAMES  WITH  A 
HOME-MADE  RIG. 

I  believe  those  who  use  Hoffman 
frames,  even  though  they  make  their 
own  supplies,  depend  on  the  supply 
dealer  for  these  frames.  But  I  find  I 
can  make  them  cheaper  than  I  can  buy 
them.  I  select  stuft"  the  same  thick- 
ness as  a  Hoffman  end  bar  is  wide  at 
the  widest  part,  and  saw  it  into  blocks 
the  length  of  an  end-bar.  By  running 
these  blocks  over  a  saw  I  trim  them  up, 
so  that  when  ripped  into  slats  they  are 
perfect  Hoffman  end-bars.  I  put  a 
w^asher  on  each  side  of  the  saw  so  as 
to  make  it  wabble,  and  this  cuts  the 
notch  on  the  top  of  the  end-bar,  and 
forms  the  self-spacer. 

I  also  make  my  own  fence-separa- 
tors, using  a  grooved  board  to  tack  them 
together.  Four  grooves  run  crosswise 
of  the  board  to  hold  four  posts,  and 
four  other  grooves  run  lengthwise  to 
hold  the  slats.  These  grooves  are 
made  deep  enough  to  allow  the  second 
lot  of  posts  to  be  laid  upon  the  slats 
and  be  just  level  with  the  top  of  the 
board. 

If  a  person  has  invested  money  in  a 
circular  saw  and  power  to  cut  out 
hives,  I  believe  it  will  pay  him  to  make 


12 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


everything  about  a  hive  and  super,  ex- 
cept the  sections  and  foundation. 

I  am  a  believer  in  specialty  bee- 
keeping^,  and  I  think  a  man  to  be  a  bee- 
keeper, should  keep  bees  enough  to 
pay  him  to  get  the  necessary  machin- 
ery and  employ  his  time  in  the  winter 
g'etting  ready  for  business  next  season. 

THE  COST  OF  SUPPI.IES  TOO  GREAT. 

I  get  lOc  for  for  my  extracted  honey, 
and  from  12^ c  to  15c  for  my  comb,  but 
I  could  not  stay  in  the  bee  business  if  I 


^=s-^>^Y^| 


had  to  buy  my  supplies  from  the  sup- 
ply-dealers. I  don't  say  they  charge 
too  much  from  their  point  of  view,  be- 
cause I  know  labor,  material,  taxes, 
rent,  and  all  other  expenses  make  the 
prices  what  they  are,  but  the  bee- 
keeper experiences  some  of  those  ex- 
penses, and  hone}'  does  not  sell  for  one 
price  the  year  round,  as  does  a  bee- 
hive. The  bee-keeper  must  take  what 
he  can  get  for  his  product. 

Palermo,  Ont.,  Dec.  12,  1905. 


A.    G.    MILLER. 


ST  the  editor's  request,  I  present  to 
the  readers  of  the  Review  a  de- 
scription of  a  new  wax  extractor,  one 
embodying  some  principles  not  before 
used  for  the  purpose,  and  which,  to- 
gether with  a  scientific  development  of 
the  under-water  plan  of  wax  recovery, 
has  produced  a  machine  which  is  win- 
ning high  praise. 

To  properly  understand  the  reasons 
for  the  design  of  this  extractor,  it  is 
necessary  to  consider  the  peculiarities 
of  the  substance  it  is  to  handle.  Old 
comb  consists  of  a  series  of  tubes  com- 
posed of  successive  layers  of  silken 
cocootis,  propolis,  pollen  grains,  dirt, 
etc.  Many  of  these  tubes  are  more  or 
less  filled  with  pollen.  Around  about 
these  tubes  is  a  thin  layer  of  wax,  the 
original  comb.  In  the  tough  rubber- 
like substance  of  exceedingly  old 
combs,  particularly  along  the  lower 
part,  wax  is  mixed  in  with  the  layers 
of  cocoons,  etc.  When  we  proceed  to 
melt  these  combs,  the  instant  the  wax 
becomes  fluid,  it  soaks  into  the 
cocoons,  etc.,  which  may  be  likened  to 
a  sponge.  It  is  known  to  be  impossible 
to  press  all  the  moisture  even  from  a 
sponge,  and  to  squeeze  it  from  such 
material  as  I  have   described  is  mani- 


festly   even     more    difficult,     and    the 
greater    the   mass,  the    larger    the  per 
cent,  of  wax  retained. 
A  reasonable  way  of  getting  out 

THE     wax. 

Evidently  the  rational  course  to  pur- 
sue in  treating  such  a  substance  is  to 
break  down  and  disintegrate  these 
tubes,  reduce  their  fibres  to  as  small 
bits  as  possible,  and  subject  these  fine 
particles  to  individual  pressure.  The 
new  machine  does  just  these  things. 
It  consists  of  two  cans,  one  within  the 
other.  The  outer  can  has  a  conical 
cover  bearing  a  tube  leading  from  the 
apex  of  the  cone  for  the  escape  of  wax, 
and  a  funnel  for  the  introduction  of 
water.  Through  the  apex  of  the  cone 
projects  a  shaft,  which  actuates  the 
inner  mechanism.  Near  the  bottom  of 
this  can  is  a  gate  for  drawing  off  the 
water.  The  conical  cover  fastens  to 
the  can  and  seals  with  a  gasket. 

The  inner  can  reaches  nearly  to  the 
upper  edge  of  the  outer  can,  is  about 
one  inch  less  in  diameter,  has  a  per- 
forated bottom,  and  a  removable  per- 
forated top.  It  contains  one-half  of 
the  grinding  or  disintegrating  sur- 
faces; the  other  half  is  attached  to 
shaft  before  referred  to.     These   disin- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


13 


tej^rators  are  so  designed  that  they 
simultaneoiislj'  grind,  agitate  and  press 
in  a  thin  hhn  the  g'round  comb.  This 
is  all  done  under  hot  water,  and  the 
escaping  wax  rises  and  flows  out 
through  the  cone. 

SIMPLICITY  OF  THK  OPICRATION. 

The  operation  id  simple  in  the  ex- 
treme, and  is  decidedly  rapid.  The 
method  is  as  follows:  The  outer  and 
inner  covers  removed,  the  can  is  filled 
half  to  two-thirds  full  of  boiling  water, 
and  comb  is  put  into  the  inner  can 
until  the  molten  mass  is  level  with  the 
top  of  this  can.  The  inner  cover  is 
then  put  in  place;  next  the  outer  cover 
is  fastened  on,  a  crank  set  on  the  shaft, 
a  receptacle  placed  to  catch  the  wax, 
and  boiling  water  poured  in  through 
the  funnel  until  wax  begins  to  flow 
from  the  escape  tube.  Then  the  shaft 
is  rotated  slowly  and  from  time  to  time 
a  little  more  water  added.  As  the 
water  goes  in,  the  wax  comes  out.  It 
is  not  even  necessary  to  use  the  ma- 
chine on  a  stove,  it  working  perfectly 
from  the  heat  of  the  contained  and 
added  water.  It  does  not  require  much 
of  the  latter,  for  the  can  once  filled, 
only  a  few  quarts  are  needed  to  dis- 
place all  the  wax.  If  one  has  the  con- 
venience of  a  hot  water  boiler  connect- 
ed with  the  stove,  a  small  stream  may 
may  be  allowed  to  flow  slowly  into  the 
extractor. 

When  all  the  wax  is  extracted,  which 
may  be  told  by  holding  a  dish  of  cold 
water  under  the  escaped  pipe,  the 
inflow  of  the  water  is  stopped.  Enough 
water  is  drawn  from  the  gate  to  bring 
the  inner  level  below  the  top  of  the  can, 
the  covers  are  removed,  and  the  inner 
can  lifted  out  and  its  contents  dumped, 
when  it  is  returned  to  its  place  and 
the  process  repeated.  The  water  left 
in  the  can  is  plenty  hot  enougdi  to 
begin  the  next  batch.  If  the  machine 
is  used  in  a  cold  room  or  out  of  doors, 
it  is  well  to  wrap  it  in  cloth  or  paper 
to  conserve  the  heat. 


The  escajjing  wax  carries  with  it 
more  or  less  fine  dirt,  most  of  which 
may  be  strained  out  by  letting  the  wax 
flow  through  a  cloth  as  it  passes  into 
the    receptacle    placed    for   it,  and    all 


>  blRAffl 


will    settle  out    if   the  wax    cools   very 
slowly. 

Patents  have  been  applied  for  and 
the  machine  is  now  being  put  out  by 
the  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg.  Co.  of  James- 
town, N.  Y.  The  mere  fact  that  this 
firm  recommends  it  is  a  gurantee  of  its 
merits.  It  sells  for  $8.00,  and  as  it 
recovers  all  the  wax  from  even  the 
toughest  old  combs,  it  ia  well  worth 
having,  and  will  quickly  pay  for  itself 
in  increased  wax  production. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  Dec.  6,  1905. 


14 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


«^rfc»-»#U»«^»A»Xfc«M^*^»^U»»^lt«U»^»^^*^rf»«^»;»*^U»^»«»^^^^*»»^U»*^U«»^U"».»*»^^^»>i.»U»iF^»»^*#U»U»»^-»»»»^'-»^»i.»^F^» 


■  ■^^rf'»«'«»^^^U>'^»»^»'^^^»«^«^*"^^'"^'^^'^*»^'*'*'^i'^^i'^'^^i'*>t'"^'»'^''^*^'*''»»"^*^"^J'*»-'*'^'*''^«^'^"'»****"^''** 


It's  Alive.  "  When  I  think  of  the  Re- 
view I  think  of  it  as  being  alive.'"  So 
writes  one  of  my  subscribers,  and,  to 
me,  it  seems  about  the  highest  compli- 
ment that  has  ever  been  paid  to  the 
Review. 


The  Specialist  wlio  establishes  out- 
apiaries  ought  not  to  establish  tliem 
permanently,  but  be  ready  to  get  up  and 
get  out  at  any  time,  to  a  more  favor- 
able locality,  so  said  Mr.  K.  F.  Holter- 
mann  at  the  Chicago  convention. 

"  Don't  Handle  on  two- wheel  trucks," 
is  what  S.  A.  Niver  puts  in  big  letters 
on  the  top  of  his  shipping  crates  of 
comb  honey.  Combs  are  broken  by 
bumping  them  along  in  the  slanting 
position  that  they  are  placed  ni  when 
wheeled  upon  a  tw.)-wheel  truck. 

The  Wisconsin  State  Bee  Keepers'  As- 
sociation will  meet  in  Annual  Conven- 
tion, at  the  Capitol  City  of  Madison, 
February  6  and  7. 

An  interesting  program  is  being 
prepared;  several  bee-keepers  of  prom- 
inence preparing  papers,  on  subjects 
of  special  or  general  interest,  which 
will  be  discussed. 

The  Question  Box  will  however  be 
the  main  feature. 

1',  rate  round  trip,  on  all  Wisconsin 
railroads. 

Gus.  Dittmer, 

Secretary. 

Gleanings  for  Dec.  15th,  in  its  holiday 
issue,  was  reallj'  the  equal  of  the  popu- 
lar magazines  of  the  day.  The  Ameri- 
can Bee-Keeper  sparkles  in  a  waj'  that 
it  never  did  before.  The  Rural  Bee- 
Keeper  is  fresh,  clean  and  progressive. 
In  short,  the  apicultural    journals  are 


a  credit  to  the  class    that  they   repre- 
sent. 


■■.»^^^^*»»^>t» 


Advanced  Bee  Culture  is  now  out.  It 
contains  over  200  pages,  is  beautifully 
bound  and  printed,  and  profusely  illus- 
trated. Nearly  all  of  the  engravings 
are  from  photographs  made  by  myself. 
As  most  of  30U  know,  photography  has 
been  my  hobby  for  a  dozen  years.  I 
have  studied  it  as  you  study  bee-keep- 
ing; and  this  book  contains  between  50 
and  60  of  what  might  be  termed  the 
gems  of  my  collection. 

I  try  to  say  it  with  becoming  mod- 
esty, but,  in  m3'  estimation,  this  book 
is  the  master-piece  of  my  life.  It  is 
the  result,  the  ripened  fruit,  so  to  speak, 
of  30  3'ears  of  actuiil  work  in  the 
apiary,  of  extensive  travel  among  bee- 
keepers, of  attending  manj'  conven- 
tions, of  reading  all  of  the  bee  books 
and  journals,  of  editing  the  Review  for 
18  3'ears.  If  this  book  could  have  been 
put  into  m3'  hands  25  years  ago,  and  I 
had  followed  its  teachings,  I  might 
now  have  been  the  owner  of  several 
apiaries,  been  free  from  debt,  and  had 
a  few  thousands  of  dollars  in  the  bank; 
but,  of  course,  much  that  it  contains 
was  not  known  25  years  ago. 

By  the  way,  I  am  starting  in  nozv  to 
carry  out  its  teachings,  to  put  them 
into  actual  practice,  by  starting  in  to 
establish  a  series  of  out-apiaries  in  the 
raspberry  region  of  Northern  Michi- 
gan, and  the  vim,  and  courage,  and 
delight,  with  which  I  am  taking  up 
this  work,  is  a  surprise  even  to  my- 
self. I  shall  puff  the  smoker,  wield 
the  hone3'  knife,  and  whirl  the  extractor 
with  my  oivn  hand.  I  sliall  feel  one  de- 
gree closer  to  m3'  readers,  in  that  I 
shall  be  a  hone3'  producer  with  the  rest 
of  them. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


15 


No,  the  Review  won't  be  nef,^lected. 
There  isn't  space  to  mention  all  of  the 
schemes  that  I  havethoug^ht  out  to  keep 
it  up  to  the  top  notch  while  I  amenio}-- 
in^  this  work;  besides,  I  shall  be  able 
to  bring  to  my  editorial  work  a  fresh- 
ness and  reality  that  can  come  only 
from  actual  work  in  the  apiary. 

Some  mornings,  as  I  go  down  town, 
I  see  some  of  our  tire  department  teams 
out  for  exercise.  How  the  horses  do 
prance,  and  nrch  their  necks  I  They 
are  so  full  of  vim  and  vitality,  that  is 
only  with  difficulty  that  the  driver 
kteps  Ihem  under  control.  I  feel  iust 
like  those  horses  regarding  my  work  cf 
building  up  a  series  of  out-apiaries. 


Queen  Breeders'  Catalogue. 

Inquiries  frequentl}'  come  to  this 
office  for  the  names  of  queen  breeders 
of  various  races  and  strains  of  bees 
and,  in  order  that  reliable  information 
ma3'  be  given,  I  am  preparing,  in  co- 
operation with  the  American  Breeders' 
Association,  a  catalogue  of  queen 
breeders. 

There  is  a  catalogue  of  considerable 
size  in  this  office,  but,  in  order  that  no 
queen  breeder  of  any  importance  be 
omitted,  I  would  respectfully  request 
all  breeders  having  one  hu  dred  or 
more  queens  for  sale  annually  to  the 
general  public,  who  see  this  notice,  to 
send  me  the  following  information  as 
accurately  as  possible:  Kaces  bred. 
Annual  output  of  each  race  and  num- 
ber of  mating  yards.  For  my  personal 
information  I  should  be  glad  to  learn 
tbe  method  of  queen  rearing  used,  the 
number  of  breeding  queens  of  each 
race  used  and  the  number  of  colonies 
in  each  yiird  from  which  drones  are 
allowed  to  fly. 

Hereafter  all  persons  requesting  in- 
fer nation  concerning  dealers  in  any 
strain  will  be  gi\en  the  names  of  the 
fo  ir  dealers  nearest  to  the  address  of 
t'pe  inquirer.  This  will,  I  believe,  be  a 
fair  way  of  giving  the  information  wit.i- 


out  favoring  any  breeders,  and  will  re- 
pay the  breeders  for  their  trouble  in 
answering  these  questions. 

Respectfully  yours,  K.  F.  Philips, 
Acting  in  Charge  of  Apiculture. 

Washington,  D.  C, 


•^*"  *^ir«^**« 


Improvement  of  Stock. 

This  is  something  that  has  been  sad- 
ly neglected  by  the  average  bee-keeper, 
yes,  and  by  most  of  the  specialists,  and 
at  the  same  time,  there  are  few  things 
that  could  be  followed  at  greater  profit. 
Many  bee-keepers  bu3'  a  few  queens  of 
this  man,  and  then  a  few  of  that,  and 
so  on.  No  permanent  improvement  will 
ever  be  brought  about  by  such  a  course. 
Mr.  F.  B.  Simpson,  of  Cuba,  N.  Y., 
who  has  made  a  life-study  of  the  laws 
of  breeding,  told  us  this  years  ago,  in 
the  Revew.  He  said  we  must  select 
the  best  we  can  secure,  and  then,  by 
continuec'  selection,  improve  the  stock 
that  we  hi.ve.  The  introduction  of  new 
blood  iright  undo  the  work  of  years. 

Prof.  E.  F.  Phillips,  who  is  now  at 
the  head  of  the  apicultural  department 
at  Washingt>^  n,  told  us  practically  the 
same  thing  at  the  Chicago  convention. 
He  said  choose  a  pure  variety,  like  the 
Italian,  fo/  instance,  get  the  best  speci- 
mens to  breed  from,  and  then  by  con- 
tinued selection,  both  on  the  queen 
side  and  that  of  the  drone,  breed  only 
from  the  best,  and  let  the  desirability 
of  the  stock  be  determined  by  the  scales 
— by  the  amounts  of  honej'  produced. 

He  mentioned  two  bee-keepers  in  the 
northern  part  of  New  York.  One  had 
98  col  )nies,  and  the  other  had  200.  The 
one  with  98  colonies  had  tried  for  j'ears 
to  improve  his  stock  by  selection  and 
in  breeding.  The  one  with  200  colonies 
was  continuallj'  buying  queens  from 
all  over  the  United  States.  Last  year 
these  two  bee-keepers,  who  live  only 
two  miles  apart,  and  hjive  pTvctically 
the  same  pasture,  had  i/ie  saute  auiount 
of  honey  in  the  aggregate. 

When  the  professor  was  telling  of 
this  I  could  not  help  thinking   of   our 


16 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


good  friend  J.  P.  Moore,  whose  stock  I 
sold  for  several  years  under  the  name 
of  Superior  Stock.  For  more  than  20 
years  he  had  been  breeding  the  same 
stock  with  no  introduction  of  fresh 
blood,  steadily  working  away,  by  se- 
lection, until  he  now  has  what  is  prob- 
ably as  good  stock  as  there  is  in  this 
country — perhaps  the  best. 


^  Fu^  *^  it*^^^* 


Specialty  in  Bee-Keeping. 
At  the  Chicago  convention,  Mr.  E.  D. 
Townsend  had  a  paper  entitled  "How 
Many     Bees    Shall     a      Man     Keep?" 
Among   other    things    he    advised    the 
scattering  of  out-apiaries,  so  as  not  to 
be  dependent   upon  a  single  source  for 
the   honey.     Let    one   apiary    be    in   a 
clover  region,  another  in  the  raspberry 
region,    and     another    where     a    crop 
might  be  expected  from  buckwheat,  etc. 
By  this  management   a  man    is   almost 
certain    of    a  crop    from    some   source, 
each  year.     He  then  showed  how  such 
apiaries     might      be     managed,     even 
though  50  or  100  miles  from   home,  by 
visiting   them  at    stated   intervals.     I 
was  just    a  trifle  an.used  by  the  com- 
ments of  one  speaker.     He  said  that,  of 
course,  Mr.    Townsend   could   manage 
bees  in  that  manner,  as  he  had  nothing 
else  to  do,  but  he  (the  speaker)  had  been 
obliged  to  give  up  out-apiaries  because 
they    interfered  with    the    other    irons 
that   he   had  in   the  fire.     That  is    the 
very  point;  the  one  upon  which  I  have 
been  hammering  away    for  years.     If 
you  are  going  to  be  a  bee-keeper,  and 
wish  for  the  highest  success,  then  drop 
these   other  hampering  pursuits.     Mr. 
Townsend  v.rote  me,  not  long  ago,  that 
he  had  sold  $1,800  worth  of  honey  this 
year.     I  presume  that  a  few  bee-keep- 
ers have  done  better  than   this,   and  I 
also  doubt  if  many  that  mix  farming, 
and   gardening,  or  poultry,  with   bees, 
have  done  any  better,  while  Mr.  Town- 
send  has    avoided   all  of  those   annoy- 
ances  that  come  from  having    several 
interests  all  calling  for  attention  at  the 
same  time.     As  a  writer  says  in  a  re- 


cent number  of  Success:  "Neman  ever 
rises  above  mediocrity  until  he  rids 
himself  of  conflicting  ambitions." 

Michigan  State,  Bee-Keepers' Convention. 
Michigan  State  bee-keepers  will  hold 
their  annual  convention  Feb.  1st  and 
2nd  in  the  parlors  of  the  Blackman 
hotel  at  Jackson.  The  Michigan  Dairy- 
men will  hold  their  annual  convention 
at  the  same  time  in  Jackson,  and  the 
holding  of  two  conventions  at  the  same 
time  secures  sufficient  attendance  to 
allow  the  railroads  to  give  reduced 
rates — one  and  one-third  fare,  provid- 
ing that  your  fare  going  to  Jackson 
amounts  to  as  much  as  75  cents.  When 
buying  your  ticket  ask  for  a  certificate 
on  account  of  the  Michigan  State 
Dairymen's  conyention,  and,  when  the 
Secretary  of  that  Association  signs 
your  certificate  you  can  bu}^  a  return 
ticket  for  one-third  fare. 

SOME  WHO  WILL   BE  PRESENT. 

The  following  bee-keepers  have  prom- 
ised to  be  present:  — 

E.  R.  Root,  Medina,  Ohio. 

Geo.  W.  York,  Chicago,  Ills. 

R.  F.  Holtermann,  Brantford,  Ont., 
Canada. 

A.     G.     Woodman,    Grand     Rapids. 

W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint. 

E.  D.  Townsend,  Remus. 

W.  J.  Manley,  Sandusky 

C.  A.  Huff,  Clayton. 

Edward  Willson,  Whittemore. 

Clyde  English,  Manchester. 

A.  H.  Guernsey,  Ionia. 

Floyd  Markham,  Ypsilanti. 

W.  D.  Soper,  Jackson. 

Jay  North,  North  Adams. 

A.  E.  Wurster,  Ann  Arbor. 

O.  H.  Townsend,  Otsego. 

L.  A.  Aspinwall,  Jackson. 

G.  A.  Bleech,  Jerome. 

Clyde  Cadj',  Grass  Lake. 

A.  D.  D.  Wood,  Lansing. 

TOPICS  THAT  WILL  BE  DISCUSSED. 

Management  of  Out-Apiaries. 
The  Control  of  Increase. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


17 


Use  ot  a  Queen  Excluder  in  Produc- 
ing- Extracted  Honey. 
I  Is  Foreign  Honey  AiTectiny  tlie  Prices 

of  Our  Honey? 

What  Section  is  the  Best? 

What  is  the  Best  Way  of  Ripening- 
Hone}'? 

What  Kind  of  Bees  are  the  Best? 

Do  we  Need  More  Inspectors  in  Mich- 
igan? 

Sliipping  Cases  for  Comb  Hone}'. 

Selling  Hone}'  at  Retail. 

Grading  and  Shipping  Comb  Hone.v. 

How  to  Take  Different  Kinds  of  Kx- 
tracted  Honey  Separate,  and  yet  Have 
the  Honey  Well-Ripened. 

Best  Methods  of  Making  Increase. 

Best  Temperature  for   a  Bee-Cellar. 

Upward  Ventilation  Versus  None. 

Wintering  of  Bees  in  the  Cellar. 

Can  Bees  Have  Diarrhoea  when  pol- 
len is  kept  out  of  their  reach? 

Producing  Both  Comb  and  Extracted 
Honey  in  the  Same  Super. 

Advertising  the  More  General  Use  of 
Honey. 

Does  It  Pay  to  Buy  Queens  at  Fancy 
Prices  to  Improve  Our  Stock? 

PRIZES    THAT    ARE    OFFERED. 

For  the  best  12  pounds  of  Comb  Honey 
the  A.  I.  Root  Co.  offers  $5.00  worth  of 
Supplies  at  Catalog  Prices. 

For  the  best  ten  pounds  of  Extracted 
Honey,  the  G.  B.  lycwis  Co.  offers  $5  00 
worth  of  Supplies  at  Catalog  Prices. 

For  the  best  ten  pounds  of  bees  ■  ax, 
A.  G.  Woodman  Co.  offers  $2.50  worth 
of  Supplies  at  Catalog  Prices. 

For  the  most  practical  new  inve  ntion, 
M.  H.  Hunt  &  Son  offer  $2.50  w  jrth  of 
Supplies  at  Catalog  Prices. 

For  the  best  pound  section  of  Honey, 
W.  D.  Soper  offers  a  copy  of  the  new 
Edition  of  Advanced  Bee  Culture. 

In  addition  to  the  above  the  Bee- 
Keepeis'  Review  will  give  a  3'ear's 
subscri'ition  to  the  Review  to  each  per- 
son who  wins  one  or  more  of  rhe  above 
prizes. 

Geo.  W.  York  &  Co.  will  give  a  year's 
subscription  to  the  American  Bee  Jour- 


nal to  each    person    who  wins    one  or 
more  of  the  above  prizes. 

The  first  session  of  the  convention 
will  be  held  at  1 :30  p.  m.,  Thursday, 
Februar}'  1st. 

E.  M.  Hunt,  Acting  Secretary. 


^>r^'1t^^'t'^' 


The  Chicago  Convention. 

The  Chicago  convention  has  come  and 
gone.  Taken  all  in  all  it  was  a  pleas- 
ant, peaceable,  profitable  gathering. 
From  my  point  of  view,  the  greatest 
criticism  that  can  be  brought  against 
it  is,  that  the  program  was  a  little  too 
full,  thus  cutting  short  the  question 
box  department.  After  I  had  it  all  ar- 
ranged with  one  paper  for  each  even- 
ing session,  and  two  for  each  day  ses- 
sion, other  matter  came  up  for  consid- 
eration, and  it  was  hard  to  say  nay. 
I  don't  believe  in  doing  away  with 
papers  entireU',  but  I  do  think  that  one 
paper  for  an  evening  session,  and  two 
for  the  forenoon  and  the  same  for  the 
afternoon,  are  sufficient;  then  let  the 
rest  of  the  time  be  devoted  to  the  ques- 
tion box.  There  were  several  very  im- 
portant questions  that  had  been  sent  to 
me  by  mail,  and  to  the  discussion  of 
which  the  convention  might  have  profit- 
ably devoted  quite  a  little  time,  but  the 
time  spent  upon  the  regular  program 
was  so  great  that  the  question  box 
received  scant  attention.  It  was  not 
reached  until  the  last  evening,  and 
when  it  was  seen  how  many  questions 
there  were  to  be  answered,  it  was  voted 
that  on'y  iioo  answers  should  be  given 
to  each  question,  which  proved  to  be 
only  a  farce — few  questions  can  be 
properly  and  satisfactorily  discussed 
by  two  persons  speaking  onl}'  once 
each  in  an  audience  of  150  to  200  per- 
sons. I  feel  the  more  free  to  criticise 
this  point,  as  I  am  the  man  who  made 
up  the  program.  Well,  I'll  know  bet- 
ter next  time. 

One  very  enjoyable  episode  was  the 
presentation  of  two  gavels,  one  to  the 
National  and  one  to  the  Northwestern, 


81 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


made  from  wood  taken  from  the  limb 
of  a  tree  that  Father  Langstroth  had 
planted  years,  ago  in  his  garden  in  Ox- 
ford, Ohio. 

Quite  a  little  time  was  spent,  I  had 
almost  said  zvasted,  in  discussing  pro- 
posed amendments  to  the  constitution. 
As  a  rule,  the  rank  and  file  have  given 
very  little  thought  to  these  matters, 
and  1  really  believe  that  a  convention 
could  talk  all  day  about  a  proposed 
amendment,  and,  as  Ernest  Root  ex- 
presses it,  "  be  almost  where  they 
started  from."  Proposed  amendments 
might  better  be  referred  to  a  commit- 
tee chosen  carefully  by  the  chair. 

Another  thing,  as  in  nearly  all  con- 
ventions, some  men  will  talk  too  much, 
and  others  won't  talk  enough,  or  not 
at  all.  Some  men  feel  called  upon  to 
speak  upon  every  question  that  comes 
up,  and,  sometimes  speak  several 
times  upon  the  same  topic.  If  what 
they  said  was  alway  of  importance,  it 
would  not  matter  so  much,  but,  many 
times  it  is  trivial  in  character,  and  has 
scarcely  any  bearing  upon  the  question 
under  discussion.  It  is  \ery  difficult 
for  the  chairman  to  control  such  speak- 
ers. He  can't  tell  a  man  that  what  he 
is  saying  is  of  no  value  and  he  better 
keep  still  and  listen.  So  many  don't 
seem  to  realize  the  difference  between  a 
friendly  chat  sitting  on  the  woodpile. 
and  speaking  before  a  convention 
where  the  time  is  worth  dollars  and 
dollars  each  hour.  I  don't  wi.^h  to 
discourage  any  one  from  speaking  at  a 
convention,  but  I  do  say  to  every  one, 
conside.  well,  before  you  speak,  if 
what  you  are  going  to  say  is  worth 
while. 

Many  points  of  importance  were 
brought  out,  but,  as  they  will  all  ap- 
pear in  the  forthcoming  report,  I  won't 
forestall  them  by  publishing  them  here. 
We  are  working  on  the  report,  printing 
it  here  at  the  office  of  the  Review.  We 
are  working  hard  to  get  it  out  as  soon 
as  possible,  and  the  next  Review  may 
be  a  little  later  than  usual  because   of 


the  work  that  we  will  be  putting  upon 
the  report.  If  you  wish  to  read  all 
that  was  said  and  done  at  the  conven- 
tion, send  $1.00  to  the  General  Man- 
ager, N.  E.  France,  Platteville,  Wis., 
and  that  will  make  you  a  n''.ember  for  a 
year,  and  entitle  you  to  a  copy  of  the 
report  as  soon  as  it  is  out. 

Some  Comments  and  Suggestions  Regard- 
ing the  Future  Review-Apiary. 

Some  of  my  readers  have  been  kind 
enough  to  write  and  make  suggestions 
regarding  the  plans  that  I  outlined  last 
month  for  the  future  management  of 
the  Review-Apiary.  Here  are  a  few  of 
the  letters: — 

"  I  think  if  you  don't  use  queen  ex- 
cluders, you  will  have  no  swarms — if 
you  do  use  them,  jou'll  have  swarms 
a-plent3\ — Geo.  A.  Hummer,  Miss. 

FIVE    VLSTTS     A    YEAR    DOES     THE    WORK. 

MiLLEDGEViLLE,  111  ,  Jan.  3,  1906. 

Friend  H. — I  enjoy  the  Review.  In 
the  December  number  I  admire  your 
enthusiasm  in  your  new  apiary  desires, 
and  wish  you  success.  In  a  recent 
issu'i  the  articles  by  Frank  Coverdale 
and  Mr.  Olmstead  are  worth  the  price 
of  Review. 

In  regard  to  using  exckiders  between 
first  and  second  stories,  I  would  say 
that  in  my  out-yards,  where  working 
for  extracted  honey,  I  give  the  queen 
both  stories  to  laj'  in,  until  the  surplus 
flow  is  about  at  hand.  I  have  no 
swarming,  as  the  queen's  generous  lay- 
ing from  four  to  six  weeks  seems  to  be 
her  most  prolific  time,  and,  after  this, 
she  has  little  desire  for  mo'e  than  the 
regular  brood  chamber  room.  The  ex- 
cluders are  put  in  just  before  the  main 
flow  comes,  with  the  queeu  below,  of 
course. 

Five   visits  a  year    does  my    work  in 
full;  but  I  have  someone    to  look   after 
the    bees  to  see   that  all    is  safe  or    not 
disturbed.     I  use  lO-frame  hives. 
Kind  regards, 

F.  A.  Snell. 

KOR  FE.VR  THE  BEES  WOT^LD  SWARM,  HE 
WOULD  "SHAKE  THEM." 

Inglewood,  Out.,  Can.,  Dec.  28,  '05. 
Dear  Mr.  Hufchinson — 

I  cun  greatly  interested  in  your  plans 
as  outlined  in  the  last  Review,  because, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


19 


on  looking^  ahead,  I  can  see  that  con- 
ditions here,  may  be  such  that  I  shall 
have  to  adopt  a  similar  plan. 

As  you  ask  for  criticisms,  I  shall 
take  the  liberty'  of  referring'  to  what  I 
think  is  one  weak  point,  namely,  that 
third  visit  "when  the  flow  has  been 
on  hvo  or  three  zveeks.'^  Yes,  verily, 
you  will  find  that  some  colonies  have 
far  outstripped  others,  and  tor  the  sim- 
ple reason — assuming-  that  your  bees 
are  anything  near  like  mine— that  a 
larg^e  proportion  have  taken  the  swarm- 
inj,r  fever,  swarmed  and  returned  two 
or  three  times,  the  queen  has  been 
lost  or  killed,  and  a  young  queen  has 
hatched  and  they  have  swarmed  and 
taken  to  the  woods.  But,  even  if  you 
arrive  before  any  swarms  have  gone, 
nearly  two  weeks  have  been  practically 
lost  by  those  preparing"  to  swarm, 
whereas  if  you  had  been  on  hand  to 
shake  them  upon  six  empty  combs,  or 
wired  foundation  or  starters,  they 
would  have  gone  right  to  work  and  but 
little  time  would  have  been  lost — or  do 
as  I  did  last  summer  with  pre-eminent 
success,  cut  out  all  cells  and  replace 
the  super. 

You  ask  "Shall  I  use  queen  ex- 
cluders?" Yes,  by  all  means,  if  con- 
ditions there  are  the  same  as  here. 
There  is  foul  brood  in  this  neighbor- 
hood and  a  few  cells  in  my  ozvti  yard, 
therefore,  no  queen  must  get  above  in 
the  supers.  But,  even  if  there  were  no 
foul  brood,  I  should  not  want  my  beau- 
tiful white  super-combs  which  have 
been  built  from  full  sheets  of  founda- 
tion in  wired  frames,  marred  b}'  the 
presence  of  the  queen. 

I  am  anxious,  however,  that  the  plan 
which  3'ou  have  outlined  shall  prove  a 
success,  for,  in  that  case,  I  shall  want 
your  breed  of  bees,  and  shall  wish  as  far 
as  possible  to  adopt  every  detail  of 
your  management. 

I  greatly  admire  your  courage  in  thus 
starting  out  again  so  extensively  in  the 
bee  business,  zvith  the  weight  of  the 
"  Review  "  on  your  shoulders,  but  as  for 
youv  judgment — well,  we  shall  see. 

Wishing  j'ou  a  happy  New  Year  I  am 
Yours  very  truly, 

Alpine  McGregor. 

Friend  McGregor,  I  expect  that  there 
will  occasionally  a  swarm  abscond 
where  the  apiarv'  is  left  entirely  alone 
most  of  the  time,  but,  if  I  have  half  a 
dozen  apiaries,  and  lose  ii  few  swarms 
from  each,    I  will    make   more    monej'^ 


than  I  would  with  only  one  apiary 
from  which  I  lost  no  swarms  because  I 
watched  it  constantly.  I  know  some 
will  say  that  the  swarms  lost  at  each 
yard  would  pay  for  a  man's  wages 
during  the  swarming  season.  I  don't 
believe  it,  if  the  management  is  what  it 
ought  to  be,  but  I  expect  to  have  more 
positive  knowledge  on  this  ver3'  impor- 
tant point. 

OUT-APIARIICS    VKKSUS    LARGE    COLONIKS 
AND  ONR   LARGE  APIARY. 

BiRNAMWOOD,  Wis  ,  Dec.  26,  1905. 
My  Dear  Mr.  Hutchinson— 

I  see  by  the  last  Review  that  you  are 
still  enthusiastic  over  the  subject  of 
out-apiaries,  and  I  hope  that  you  will 
be  able  to  meet  in  some  degree  your 
golden  anticipations.  My  own  exper- 
iences in  1904  was  disappointing,  for  if 
I  had  left  all  the  bees  in  one  yard,  I 
should  have  gotten  a  larger  crop  at 
much  less  cost.  Out-apiaries  figure 
out  beautifully  on  paper,  but  in  this 
locality,  the  man  who  leaves  swarming 
out  of  his  calculations  is  going  to  get 
LP>FT.  Of  course,  the  bees  can  be 
kept  so  light  that  they  will  not  swarm 
— nor  anything  else  that  is  of  any  con- 
sequence, but  when  the  colonies  are 
run  on  the  high  pressure  plan — regular 
fohn  D.  Rockefeller  colonies — it  needs  a 
man  in  charge  who  knows  what  to  do 
— and  does  it  at  the  right  time  in  the 
right  way.  I  shall  watch  your  experi- 
ments with  interest,  for  you  have  been 
so  enthusiastic  in  this  matter  that  I 
have  been  anxious  to  see  3'ou  try  the 
thing.  One  of  the  things  that  has 
been  brought  home  to  me  with  pile- 
driver  force  a  good  many  times — both 
in  bees  and  medicine — is  the  difference 
between  theory  and  practice.  I  have 
naturally  a  very  fecund  imagination, 
and  it  has  been  easy  for  me  to  figure 
out  a  beautiful  method  of  procedure, 
which,  sometimes,  has  been  an  elabo- 
rate failure  because  of  idios^'ncracy — 
that  is  the  word  we  medical  men  use  to 
disguise  our  ignorance  of  the  cause  of 
particular  conditions. 

Here  is  an  apicultural  problem  for 
you:  If  it  takes  E.  \V.  Alexander,  his 
son  Frank,  and  two  other  expert  assist- 
ants— the  quartette  being  kept  on  the 
jump  the  whole  of  the  time— to  handle 
one  apiary  of  750  colonies,  (see  Glean- 
ings, last  issue,  p.  1321),  how  many 
out-apiaries  can  one  man  handle  sue- 


20 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


cessfuUy,  if  he  has  time  to  visit  them 
but  five  times  a  year?" 

I  have  g-iven  my  bee-business  a  start 
in  a  new  direction.  I  am  ffoing  to  keep 
more  bees  in  one  hive — and  as  many 
bees  in  one  yard  as  the  location  will 
warrant;  hen,  if  I  want  to  branch  out, 
build  up  strong  yards  in  various  local- 
ities, keeping-  an  assistant  in  the  yards 
constantly  during  the  honey  season, 
with  expert  supervision  over  the  whole 
work.  In  my  opinion,  this  is  the  only 
thing  that  will  be  successful  in  this 
locality.  I  think  I  can  profitably  keep 
250  colonies  in  my  home  yard,  giving 
personal  attention  to  the  condition  of 
each  colony  so  to  be  certain  that  all 
are  in  good  condition  for  the  honey- 
flow.  In  this  way  I  expect  to  get  sat- 
isfactory returns  for  my  capital  and 
labor. 

Now  that  I  am  practicing  medicine, 
I  shall  not  be  able  to  give  quite  so 
much  brawn  to  the  business,  though 
1  still  expect  to  invest  the  brain.  I 
have  a  good  man  to  help  me,  and  I 
think  I  can  better  afford  to  give  a  good 
part  of  my  time  to  my  profession, 
especially  as  there  is  one-half  the  year 
in  which  there  is  not  so  very  urgent 
business  among  the  bets. 

The  present  status  of  my  bee-busi- 
ness is  about  as  follows:  13(>  extra 
strong  and  heavy  colonies  in  the  cellar, 
very  quiet  and  in  the  best  condition  of 
any  bees  I  ever  had;  supplies  enough 
for  the  next  two  years— all  paid  for;  a 
tirst-class  assistant;  a  fairly  good  lo- 
cation; a  disposition  to  have  the  best 
250-colony  apiary  in  the  world,  with  as 
many  more  colonies  as  the  locality  will 
profitably  maintain. 

GETTING  AS  MUCH  COMB  AS  EXTRACTED 
HONEY  PER  COLONY. 

One  thing-  to  which  I  am  going-  to 
give  special   attention   in  the  future   is 


the  sale  of  honey.  My  scheme  does 
away  with  the  middlemen,  and  places 
the  product  direct  in  the  hands  of  the 
consumer.  I  have  a  good  salesman 
who  is  desirous  of  handling  my  crop 
year  after  year.  He  makes  about  $5.00 
per  day  and  his  expenses,  while  my 
honey  brings  me  10 cents  per  lb.  for  the 
extracted.  While  this  seems  pretty 
good,  I  question  if  it  would  not  be 
better  to  produce  comb-honey  at  the 
same  price,  retailing  it  direct  to  the 
consumer  in  10  ttj.  boxes,  taken  direct 
from  the  hive,  with  no  cleaning  or 
crating-.  I  can  get  as  many  pounds  of 
comb  hone}'  per  colony  as  I  can  ex- 
tracted, and  I  am  certain  my  bees  are 
in  much  better  shape.  I  am  aware 
that  this  is  different  than  the  usual 
estimate  in  regard  to  the  relative  pro- 
portions of  comb  and  extracted  honej' 
to  be  obtained;  but  this  has  been  my 
experience  in  carefully  conducted  ex- 
periments extending'-  over  five  years.  I 
think  I  can  produce  these  10  It.,  boxes 
for  $1.00  each,  as  there  is  no  work 
whatever  in  preparing  them  for  mar- 
ket, except  to  tack  on  a  thin  cover  and 
bottom.  We  can  sell  the  boxes  for  $1.25 
to  the  consumer,  and  there  is  no  com- 
iietition  with  the  extracted  honey  men, 
and  the  honey  is  better,  and  the  cus- 
tomers will  stay  right  with  you. 

M.  P.  Cady,  M.  D. 

My  Wisconsin  friend  very  wisely 
qualifies  his  conclusions  with  the 
phrase  "  in  this  locality;"  and  I  may 
explain  that  for  my  guidance  and  en- 
couragement, I  have  the  years  of  ex- 
perience of  Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend,  of 
tliis  State,  who  has  all  this  time  been 
working  along  this  very  line,  and  for 
the  last  two  years,  in  the  vay  region 
where  I  am  to  launch  my  enterprise. 


WARMING  A  BEE  CELLAR. 


How  it  May  be  Done  in  a  Cold  Snap. 


It  is  best  to  have  a  cellar  so  far  be- 
low ground  as  to  be  beyond  the  influ- 
ence   of  frost,  but,  occasionally,   there 


is  a  cellar  that  answers  fairly  well  in 
ordinary  weather,  but  in  which  the 
temperature  is  inclined  to  go  too  low 
in  protracted  cold  spells.  How  to 
raise  the  temperature  at  such  times  is 
something  of  a  problem.  Last  Febru- 
ary I  saw  an  item  in  the  Rural  New 
Yorker  describing  how  a  man  kept  his 


THE  BEE-irEEPERS'  REVIEW 


21 


potatoes  from  freezing  by  the  use  of 
charcoal.  Perhaps  the  same  plan 
might  be  used  to  warm  up  a  bee-cellar. 
The  only  objection  that  I  can  think  of 
is  that  possibly  there  might  some  gas 
escape  as  the  result  of  the  combustion 
of  the  charcoal.  I  confess  my  ignor- 
ance on  this  point,  and  would  be  glad 
if  some  of  m}'  readers  would  enlighten 
me  on  this  point.  Of  course  we  don't 
wish  to  asphyxiate  our  bees,  but,  if 
there  is  no  danger  on  this  score,  it 
seems  to  me  that  the  burning  of  char- 
coal in  a  bee  cellar  would  be  practical. 
Here  is  what  the  Rural  New  Yorker 
said: — 

One  day  during  the  severe  winter  of 
1903-4,  a  farmer  happened  to  be  in  a 
tin-shop,  and  noticed  that  the  solder 
was  kept  in  a  molten  state  with  a 
charcoal  fire.  His  potato  cellar  was 
threatened  with  frost,  and  it  was  not 
convenient  to  set  up  a  stove  in  it.  He 
took  home  live  bushes  of  charcoal,  and 
placing  a  shovelful  of  live  coals  in  an 
old  iron  pot,  he  filled  it  with  charcoal. 
In  a  short  time  the  kettle  was  alive 
with  coals,  and  the  iron  was  red  hot. 
What  a  heat  came  from  it,  and  no 
smoke  !  Frost  had  to  stand  back  when 
confronted  with  a  red-faced,  hot- 
breathed  thing  like  that.  ?^ach  bushel 
of  charcoal  thus  used  saved  man3' times 
its  bulk  of  potatoes.  I  have  seen  open 
fires  of  dry  pine  kindled  on  a  cellar 
bottom,  but  the  soot-laden  smoke  will 
penetrate  ne;irly  every  part  of  the 
house. 


BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES. 


In  What   Way   Bee-Keepers  Can  Secure 
Them  at  Lower  Prices. 


It  is  almost  a  law  of  Nature,  it  cer- 
tainly is  a  law  of  business,  that  the 
man  who  buys  in  large  quantities  buys 
at  a  low  price.  There  is  also  another 
truth  to  be  considered  in  this  connec- 
tion, and  that  is,  "In  union  there  is 
strength."  If  bee-keepers  would  con- 
sider these  two  facts,  and  act  accord- 
ingly, the3'  might  do  much  to  reduce 
the  cost  of  their  supplies.  But  I  won't 
steal  the  thunder  out  of  Bro.  Putnam's 


article,  which  I  am  copying  entire,  as 
it  appears  in  the  December  issue  of  his 
paper,  the  Rural  B-^e-Keeper.  I  asked 
him  to  prepare  a  paper  on  this  subject, 
and  read  it  at  the  recent  convention  of 
the  National.  He  did  so,  and  then 
printed  it  in  his  paper,  and  I  copy  it 
from  there.     Mr.  Putnam  says: — 

Fellow  Bee-Keepers: 

To  me  has  been  assigned  the  difficult 
task  of  discussing  the  question  "In 
what  wa}'  can  bee-keepers  secure  their 
supplies  at  lower  prices?" 

Coming  in  contact,  as  I  do,  in  my  at- 
tempts to  circulate  my  publication,  the 
Rural  Bee-Keeper,  with  many  thou- 
sands of  bee-keepers,  I  am  amazed  at 
the  indifference  displayed  by  the  99 
out  of  100  who  are  attempting  to  make 
a  part  of  their  living  out  of  bee-keep- 
ing. It  is  variously  estimated  that 
from  400  to  700  t'lousand  people  in  the 
United  States  are  to  some  extent  en- 
gaged in  bee-keeping.  Of  that  vast 
army  scarcely  2000  can  be  coaxed,  en- 
treated or  bribed  to  join  a  bee-keepers' 
association  of  any  kind.  I  have  heard 
your  general  tnan:iger  talk  for  hours  to 
a  gathering  of  bee-keepers,  detailing 
the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  organi- 
zation, and  had  it  not  been  for  the  de- 
termination of  one  or  two  who  had 
originated  the  movement  the  organiza- 
tion could  not  have  been  effected. 

The  first  step  in  the  way  of  lower 
prices,  then,  in  my  opinion,  is  to 
awaken  interest — to  induce  the  bee- 
keepers themselves  to  co-operate.  But 
let  us  see.  What  are  the  conditions  ? 
We  find  that  the  catalogues  read  very 
much  alike.  Without  sections  and 
starters  the  1,'-^  story  8-frame  hive 
nailed  and  painted,  $2.45;  nailed  only, 
$2.20:  one  in  flat,  $1.HS;  five  in  fliit  at 
$1.70;  tea  in  flat  at  $1.55;  25  in  flat  at 
$1.45  each.  Tie  foregoing  are  sup- 
posed to  be  for  retail  amounts.  The 
wholesale  range  is  from  2~)  to  200  hives 
on  a  descending  scale  -50  hives  at 
$1.35;  100  at  $1.25;  200  at  $1.15  each; 
and  finally  the  carload  price  of  $1.02 
each. 

Some  dealers  put  a  Chinese  puzile 
before  their  quotations,  and  if  you  are 
an  adept  at  rebus  deciphering  you  will 
make  out  that  A.  E  5.  2.  S.  8  des- 
cribes the  same  .articles  as  mentioned 
above.  One  dealer  says,  "What's  the 
use  of  alt  thesi  tables  of  complicated 
figures  ?  I  will  make  a  flat  rate,  one 
hive  $1.85,  and  give  the  customer  a  dis- 


22 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


count  of  25  to  40  per  cent,  according-  to 
the  amount  purchased.'' 

THE  "combine"   is  SIMPLY  A  COMBINE 

"on  paper." 

Now  there  is  a  discount  for  early 
cash  orders  commencing-  with  lo  per 
cent,  in  September  and  decreasing  as 
the  dull  months  pass  bj',  until  finally 
in  March  the  net  price  is  reached. 
Some  dealers  quote  a  scale  of  prices 
ten  cents  per  hive  lower  than  above 
quoted,  beginning-  with  one  hive  at 
$1.75  and  ending  with  92  cents  as  a 
carload  price.  These  are  printed 
prices  and  the  wise  bee-keeper  knows 
that  all  he  has  to  do  to  g-et  a  less  price 
is  io  write  to  half  a  dozen  dealers  or 
manufacturers  and  tell  them  he  will 
g-ive  his  order  to  the  lowest  bidder, 
and  he  will  get  as  many  different 
quotations  as  he  do  s  replies.  How 
do  I  know  ?  Only  last  month  a  reput- 
able firm  which  turns  out  thirty  to 
forty  thousand  dollars  worth  of  bee 
hives  and  supplies  a  year  and  which 
publishes  prices  at  the  highest  rates, 
named  me  a  price  of  85  cents  per  8- 
frame  I'z  story  hive  and  $2.98  for  No. 
1  sections. 

Only  last  year  at  our  St.  Louis  meet- 
ing I  was  asked  for  prices  by  one  of 
our  leading  members.  I  quoted  him  92 
cents  for  an  8-frame  lyi  story  hive,  and 
had  the  sand  completely  taken  out  of 
me  by  his  firm  and  positive  assurance 
that  my  pricrs  were  away  too  high — 
that  he  couUl  do  very  much  better  down 
home  in  New  York  State. 

Where  is  the  bee-hive  trust  ?  Where 
is  the  combination  among  manufactur- 
ers when  such  a  state  of  affairs  exists  ? 
Like  that  other  g^host  that  haunts  the 
path  of  the  poor,  deluded  bee-keeper — 
the  artificial  comb  honey  lie — the  trust 
does  not  exist,  or  exists  only  in  the  im- 
agination of  some  demag-ogue  who  is 
bent  on  deception  and  fraud.  Never- 
tlieless,  the  vast  army  of  bee-keepers 
are  paying  the  long  price  for  their  sup- 
plies and  receiv  ng  the  short  price  for 
their  honey;  but  they  are  the  bee-keep- 
ers who  do  not  take  a  bee  journal  and 
who  do  not  belong  to  an  organization 
of  bee-keepers;  they  are  the  people  who 
wait  until  the  last  moment,  and  rush  to 
the  nearest  bee-keeper  or  dealer  for  a 
hive  into  which  to  hive  the  bees  that 
swarmed  before  the  bee-keeper  thought 
of  procuring  a  hive. 

The  vast  amount  of  ignorance  in  con- 
nection with  bee-keeping  may  be  illus- 
trated by    the  true    story  of    the  darky 


boy  employed  at  a  dairy,  who  came  to 
me  one  September  evening  about 
twenty-five  years  ago  with  the  news 
that  "our  bees  didn't  have  anything 
else  to  do  so  they  thought  they  would 
g"o  to  swarming — yes  mister,  they  be 
hanging  on  a  limb  waitin'  for  dat  hive 
now."  Neeelless  to  say,  he  consented 
to  pay  $2.50  for  a  bee  hive,  which,  by 
the  way,  he  never  did.  And  this 
brings  me  to  an  important  part  of  my 
argument. 

THE  CREDIT  SYSTEM. 

The  present  credit  system  is  respon- 
sible for  a  large  part  of  the  increase  in 
price.  When  the  elder  Root  estab- 
lished the  mail  oreler  cash-with-the- 
order  system  of  suppl3'ing  this  class  of 
goods,  it  was  a  cash  sj'stem.  Today 
the  middle  man  buys  for  credit — not 
thirty  or  sixty  days,  but  long  time. 
He  will  pay  the  manufacturer  for  the 
supplies  when  he  has  sold  them. 
Allow  me  to  quote  from  page  10  of  Col- 
lateral on  Merchandise  Accounts  under 
the  heading-  of 

protection  oe  proeits. 

RISK  in  credits. 

Profit  is  the  ultimate  object  of  all 
commercial  enterprise,  and  a  reliable 
conserver  of  profits  is  therefore  of  incal- 
culable value  to  general  business.  As 
long  as  goods  are  sold  on  credit,  the 
risk  of  loss  through  insolvency  of  cus- 
tomers is  constantl}'  impending".  The 
gravity  of  this  risk  is  appreciated  when 
one  considers  how  little  a  dispenser  of 
mercantile  credit  positively^  knows 
about  the  actual  financial  condition  of 
each  of  his  customers  and  the  inside 
facts  of  their  business.  And  thii.k  of 
how  many  accounts  are  outstanding  all 
the  time,  each  involving-  risk  of  loss 
through  the  incompetence,  inexperi- 
ence, lack  of  capital,  unwise  credits, 
neglect,  extravagance,  competition, 
crop  failures,  strikes,  money  markets 
and  speculation,  which  may  cause  the 
insolvency  of  customers.  It  is  not  sur- 
prising that  the  losses  through  insolv- 
ency exceed  the  losses  by  fire  in  the 
United  States." 

The  above  refers  to  general  business. 
The  merchants  referred  to  are  those  of 
regular  trade— dry  goods,  groceries, 
hardware,  etc. — all  of  which  are  rated 
and  reported  by  Dunn  and  Bradstreet, 
with  whose  assistance  it  would  seem 
that  a  comparatively  close  estimate 
could  be  made  of  a  man's  financial 
standing.     Nine  out  of  ten  of  the  people 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


23 


who  ask  for  credit  as  distributors  of 
bee  hives  are  men  without  comtnercial 
ratin<;-.  How  much  more  difficult  must 
be  the  task  of  the  dispenser  of  bee  iiive 
cretiits.  As  the  risk  increases,  so 
must  the  mari,'"in  of  profit,  to  cover  the 
risk  incurred,  so  that  the  fellows  who 
do  pay  must  also  pay  for  the  fellows 
who  never  pa}'. 

We  have  here  a  rang'e  of  prices  be- 
^"•inding-  with  the  cash  carload  buyer  at 
85  cents  per  hive  for  8-frame  1^2  story, 
and  increasinj^  under  the  varj'ing-  con- 
tions  of  credit  and  quantity  until  the 
purchaser  of  one  hive  set  up  and 
painted  pays  S2.46  without  sections  and 
foundation,  or  S2  85 complete  and  ready 
for  tlie  bees.  Does  it  require  a  Sher- 
lock Homes  to  discern  the  remedy'  ? 
Org-anize  !  Co-operate  !  Employ  the 
man  from  New  York  to  do  all  the  buy- 
ing- for  all  the  bee-keepers  !  Form  one 
vast  co-operative  association,  and  every 
member  will  g-et  supplies  at  the  lowest 
rate  !  It  is  being  done  in  spots,  all 
over  the  country.  Wh^'  not  let  the 
movement  become  general  ?  In  my 
localit}'  an  association  bearing  the 
name  of  the  St.  Croi.x  Vallej'  Honey 
Producers'  Association  has  110  mem- 
bers. A  two-leaf  circular  is  the  extent 
of  its  earthly  posses'iions.  The  asso- 
ciation actually  distributed  from  April 
1904  to  May  1905  about  $1400  worth  of 
bee  hives  and  supplies.  The  purchaser 
of  one  bee  hive  g:ot  it  for  $1.02  and 
freig-ht;  the  user  of  1000  No.  1  sections 
got  them  for  $3.00  at  any  time  through 
the  season,  local  freight  added.  The 
officers  and  managers  of  that  associa- 
tion received  the  sum  of  $52  for  their 
year's  services.  The  association  pro- 
duced and  sold  for  cash  at  the  car  door 
three  carloads  of  honey.  The  manager 
of  the  association  received  $19  for  his 
services  in  the  marketing  of  honey. 
The  bee-keeper  paid  the  short  price  for 
his  supplies  and  received  the  long- price 
for  his  product.  The  same  thing  has 
been  going  on  for  y-ears  in  Colorado. 
The  continued  success  and  harmony  of 
the  Colorado  Hone}'  Producers'  Asso- 
ciation is  a  case  in  point. 

The  co-operative  committee  of  the 
Minnesota  Bee-Keepers'  Association  is 
battling  against  the  odds  of  an  org-an- 
ization  under  the  control  of  a  leading 
supply  house,  with  the  result  that 
largely  added  membership  pledged  to 
co-C'peration  will  shortly  overturn  exist- 
ing affairs  and  elect  new  officers 
pledged  to  co-operation. 

We  must  not  be  too  narrow  in  our 
vision  or  comprehension.     I  have  <'r  r  .  n 


you  the  state  of  affairs  as  it  exists  to- 
day for  the  purpose  of  mutual  benefit. 
There  is  reason  on  both  side^.  The 
bee-keeper  who  keeps  bees  for  profit 
cannot  afford  to  p  12.85  for  h-s  hives. 
Neither  can  the  manufacturer  afford  to 
sell  a  well-made  bee-hive  from  good 
material  at  85  cents.  He  does  so  at  a 
loss,  and  if  all  his  sales  are  made  on 
that  basis  it  is  only  a  question  of  time 
when  that  manufacturer  will   suspend. 

Bj'  the  way,  had  you  heard  of  the 
recent  advance  in  the  price  of  shop 
lumber  ?  It  is  getting  scarce  and  row 
commands  a  price  of  $3  or  $4  per  thous- 
add  more  than  one  year  i\go.  Then 
there  are  the  requirements  of  standard 
g-Qods.  Tlie  lumber  must  be  clear,  sur- 
face smooth  two  sides,  %  thick.  There 
are  only  a  few  mills  that  saw  lumber 
that  will  season  out  and  surface  two 
sides  %.  All  St  Croix  and  Missis- 
sippi river  mills  cut  green  %,  and 
when  seasoned  out  viill  barely  skin  ^4. 
A  large  box  manufacturer  and  lumber 
dealer  recently  remarked  to  me  "It 
will  only  be  a  year  or  t^vo  more  that 
you  fellows  can  cultivate  that  J-i  fad." 
It  is  only  the  extreme  northern  mills 
that  cut  for  the  eastern  market  that  can 
supply  the  full  inch  shop  lumber,  and 
as  each  mill  completes  its  cut  the  circle 
of  available  material  rapidly  dimin- 
ishes, and  in  consequence  the  price 
goes  up. 

There  is  no  doubt  about  it — the  soft 
white  pine  full  "4  thick  is  the  best  bee- 
hive on  the  market.  A  beehive  may  be 
made  from  clippings  and  scraps  from 
some  wood  pile,  scant  thickness  and 
mixed  quality  of  material — some  white 
pine,  some  Norwaj',  some  cross- 
grained,  cross-breeil  material — and  sold 
for  less  money  than  the  standard  g'-oods, 
but  the  qualit}'  is  not  there,  and  in  the 
long  run  it  will  be  found  that  the 
standard  goods  will  outlast  the  cheaper 
artic  e. 

Nowhere  will  the  well-tried  maxim 
prove  more  true  than  the  purchasing-  of 
bee-hives  — "The  best  is  the  cheapest." 

Springing  up  in  a  few  places  in  the 
country  are  co-operative  associations 
that  have  done  rnuch  in  the  way  of  as- 
sisting their  members  in  the  purchase 
of  their  supplies  and  ijt  the  sale  of  their 
honey.  Co-opsration  in  a  National 
way  has  not  yet  proved  a  success — may 
never  be  a  success — but  these  smaller, 
local,  co-operative  associations  have 
been  successful.     California  has  one  or 


24 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


more  such  associations;  Colorado  has 
one;  and  Bro.  Putnam  mentions  an- 
other, the  St.  Croix  Vallej^  of  Wis- 
consin and  Minnesota.  I  might  also 
mention  that  the  bee-keepers  of  New 
York,  or  some  of  them,  have  banded  to- 
gether and  appointed  a  co.nmittee  to 
buy  supplies  for  the  members.  In  this 
way  bee-keepers  can  do  much  to  save 
money  and  improve  their  condition. 


SECURING  WORKERS  FOR  THE  HARVEST. 


The  Importance  of  Having  Them   at  Ex- 
actly the  Right  Time. 


Common  sense  would  teach  us  that 
the  time  to  have  the  workers  is  when 
the  harvest  is  on,  and  that  at  other 
times  they  are  of  no  value,  are  a  detri- 
ment, as  they  are  consumers,  except 
that  there  must  be  sufficient  numbers 
to  keep  up  the  economies  of  the  hive. 
There  is  an  old  saying,  or  proverb, 
among  bee  keepers,  which  is  like  many 
other  proverbs,  only  a  half-truth,  and 
this  one  says  "Keep  all  oolonies 
strong  "  There  are  times  of  the  year 
when  populousness  in  a  colony  of  bees 
is  a  real  disadvantage;  but,  before 
saying  more  on  this  subject,  let  me 
quote  from  Mr.  G.  M.  Doolittle,  as  he 
expresses  himself  in  the  American  Bee 
Journal.     Here  is  what  he  says: — 

A  bee-keeper  called  on  me  a  few 
days  ago,  and  in  our  conversation  he 
brought  out  the  idea  that  it  was  ini 
possible  to  have  the  colonies  in  any 
apiary  give  anywhere  near  the  same 
results  in  honey.  He  said  that  some  of 
his  colonies  give  a  surplus  of  only  10 
pounds  of  section  honey,  while  others 
produce  from  50  to  75  sections,  well 
filled.  Itold  himthatlthoughtthiscould 
be  remedied  to  quite  an  extent,  but  he 
seemed  to  doubt  it;  and  as  I  have  many 
letters  on  tliis  subject,  perhaps  it 
would  be  well  to  have  a  little  talk  on 
the  matter  through  the  columns  of  the 
Americai.  Bee  Journal. 

I  used  to  find  things  very  much  as 
this  man  and  others  claim  they  do  at 
this  time,  but  of  late  years  I  have  suc- 
ceeded in  making  each  colony  produce 
nearly  like  re.s'ilts;  that  is,  if    one  col- 


ony contains  60,000  bees  and  gives  100 
sections  of  surplus  honey,  I  am  able  to 
secure  about  that  amount  from  every 
colony  in  the  apiar3'  having'  that  num- 
ber of  bees;  while  a  colony  having 
30,000  bees  will  give  a  yield  of  50  sec- 
tions. If  I  fail  to  secure  the  60,000 
bees  in  any  and  all  colonies,  it  is  not 
the  bees  that  are  to  blame  for  this  state 
of  affairs,  but  myself;  add  the  bee- 
keeper who  cannot  bring  each  colony 
up  to  the  standard  of  o0,0U0  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  best  honey  flow,  will  not 
meet  with  as  good  success  as  will  the 
one  who  can. 

Then,  the  bee-keeper  who  fails  to 
make  the  colony  with  30,000  bees  give 
nearly  half  as  good  results  as  the  col- 
ony with  60,000,  will  not  meet  with  the 
success  that  he  might  were  he  able  to 
do  this.  I  have  been  years  studying 
on  this  matter,  and  this  study  has 
shown  me  that  colonies  which  I  pro- 
nounced "exactly  alike"  on  June  1st 
would  not  be  so  at  the  time  the  honey 
harvest  was  at  its  best.  The  trouble 
was  that  I  did  not  have  the  knowledge 
that  I  should  have  had  regarding  the 
working  force  of  my  bees  at  all  times, 
nor  of  the  amount  of  brood  in  each 
hive,  which  was  to  give  this  working 
force  at  the  time  of   the  honey  harvest. 

For  instance,  the  colony  which  I 
called  my  best  on  June  1st  might  be- 
come one  of  the  poorest  by  June  10th, 
at  which  time  the  main  honey-flow 
from  basswood  would  be  on.  This,  as 
a  rule,  would  come  about  by  one  queen 
not  keeping  up  her  laying  capacity  as 
well  as  another,  or,  in  other  words, 
she  would  not  be  laying  her  maxiinum 
number  of  eggs  from  30  to  50  days  be- 
fore the  arrival  of  this  main  hone3'-flow. 
Let  me  tr}'  to  illustrate  what  I  wish  to 
bring  out. 

Near  me  lives  a  man  who  is  inter- 
ested in  fancy  poultry,  and  the  demand 
for  eggs  from  this  stock  comes  in  the 
spring,  the  eggs  to  be  used  for  breed- 
ing purposes;  and  the  prices  which  he 
gets  at  that  time  are  almost  fabulous. 
Being  there  a  few  dav's  ago,  he  came 
from  his  chicken-house  with  two  eggs 
from  his  spring  pullets.  I  ventured 
the  remark  to  him.  the  same  as  the 
ordinary  barn-yard  poultry  keeper 
would  do,  "Quite  lucky  that  your 
pullets  ha\e  begun  laying  thus,  right 
on  the  eve  of  the  high  winter  prices  for 
eggs,  as  eggs  are  worth  about  3  cents 
each  at  the  grocery  now,  and  will  be 
still  higher  before  the  holidays." 

He  gave  me  a  glance  which  told  me 
that  he    thought  I  did  not    know    much 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


25 


about  keeping^  fanc}'  poultry  (and  he 
was  right),  and  said,  "I  am  using 
ever}'  effort  at  this  time  of  the  year, 
through  feed,  etc.,  to  keep  these  pullets 
from  laying  now,  for  those  which  lay 
when  eggs  at  the  groceries  are  the 
highest  are  not  apt  to  lay  much  in  the 
spring,  when  I  can  sell  my  eggs  at  ten 
times  as  much,  egg  for  egg,  as  I  can 
during  the  winter  months." 

This  &et  me  to  thinking  regarding 
the  bees,  and  reminded  me  that  the 
queen  which  bred  too  prolitically  "out 
of  season"  was  not  the  one  which  gave 
the  best  results  when  the  honey  harvest 
was  on. 

I  have  often  noticed  that  a  colony 
which  wintered  extremely  well,  so 
that  the  queen  goes  to  breeding  very 
rapidly  in  the  earl}'  spring,  does  not 
equal  the  one  which  come^  out  in  an 
average  condition,  but  commences 
brood  rearing  in  earnest  about  May 
20th  or  30th.  The  reason  is  that  by 
June  10th  the  queen  in  the  stronger  one 
ceases  to  be  as  prolific  as  the  other, 
or  becomes  like  the  man's  hens  which 
are  laying  prolifioally  in  mid-winter; 
they  giving  few  eggs  in  the  spring, 
just  at  the  time  when  his  eggs  bring 
him  the  best  price. 

So  the  early  strong  colony  spends  all 
its  best  force  at  producing  bees  pre- 
maturely, bringing  them  on  the  stage 
of  action  too  earl}-  to  take  advantage 
of  the  main  honey  harvest,  while  the 
queen  ceases  her  prolificness  just  in 
time  so  that  what  workers  there  are 
store  their  first  honey  in  the  brood- 
combs,  thus  crowding  the  queen  down 
to  less  and  less  room,  with  very  little 
honey  in  the  sections. 

It  has  been  noticed  by  very  many, 
and  many  times,  that  if  the  bees  are 
allowed  to  get  the  start  of  the  queen  so 
as  to  make  any  general  storing  of 
honey  in  the  brood  chamber  before  en- 
tering the  sections,  during  the  first  of 
the  honey  harvest,  such  a  colony  will 
not  give  the  best  results  in  section 
honey.  And  for  these  reasons  I  work 
as  does  my  poultry-fancying  neighbor, 
to  discourage  all  extra-prolific  brood- 
rearing,  except  at  the  time  when  such 
prolific  breeding  will  bring  the  bees  in 
just  the  right  time  for  the  main  honey- 
flow,  be  that  from  white  clover,  bass- 
wood,  or  buckwheat,  or  all  three. 

Then  when  the  harvest  arrives,  if  I 
find  colonies  which  do  not  have  a  hive 
more  than  half  full  of  brood,  dummies 
are  put  in  to  take  the  place  of  the 
combs  containing  no  brood;  and  in  this 
way  I  am   enabled  to  make    the  colony 


containing  only  30,000  bees  produce 
nearly  as  much  section  honey  as  does 
the  one  which  has  come  up  to  the  honey 
harvest  in  the  desired  condition. 

The  colony  given  to  early  breeding 
can  in  a  measure  be  restrained  by 
allowing  it  a  scanty  supply  of  stores, 
and  contracting  the  room  in  the  brood- 
chamber  with  dummies  till  the  time 
comes  for  the  rush  of  brood,  when  it 
will  "rush  to  the  rescue"  when  you 
wish  it  to  do  so  by  filling  out  the  hive 
with  combs  having  a  liberal  supply  of 
honey  in  them. 

Those  g-iven  to  late  brood-rearing 
can  be  hurried  along,  when  the  right 
time  comes,  by  giving  a  frame  of  brood 
from  one  which  "has  run  a  little  too 
fast,"  together  with  stores  sufficient 
to  make  them  feel  in  a  prosperous  con- 
dition, thus  bringing  all  up  to  the 
rig-ht  point  just  at  the  right  time,  and 
when  best  to  take  advantage  of  the 
main  honey-flow  when  it  is  on. 

It  is  the  attending  to  such  items  as 
these  in  bee-culture  that  gives  the  best 
success. 

I  often  recall  an  experience  of  my 
first  year's  bee-keeping.  I  started 
with  four  colonies.  Three  of  them 
were  quite  strong  at  the  opening  of  the 
season;  the  other,  while  not  exactly 
weak,  did  not  contain  more  than  half 
as  many  bees  as  either  of  the  other 
three.  At  the  opening  of  the  main 
harvest  the  three  populous  colonies 
were  not  so  z'er}'  much  more  populous 
than  they  were  at  first,  while  the 
weaker  colony  had  gradually  increased 
until  it  was  nearly  as  populous  as  any 
of  the  other.  Still  further,  it  ^epi  rie^ht 
on  increasing,  until  it  surpassed  the 
others,  and  it  and  its  swarms  stored  a 
third  more  honey  than  any  of  the  other 
three  that  were  so  promising  early  in 
the  season. 

I  also  remember  another  year  when  I 
had  taken  the  bees  from  the  cellar,  and 
dug  some  out  of  some  clamps,  that  I 
felt  so  proud  of  a  few  colonies,  they 
were  so  full  of  bees,  that  I  called  my 
wife  down  from  thi'  house  that  she 
might  join  me  in  my  admiration. 
Those  colonies  did  nothing  remarkable 
in  the  way  of  storing  honey,  being  far 
surpassed   by   colonies    that    had    not 


26 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


more   than  half    as    many    bees    when 
taken  from  the  cellar. 

The  great  point  is  to  have  the  work- 
ers, the  field- workers,  at  the  time  that 
they  are  needed— when  there  is  honey 
to  gather.  Had  there  been  a  big  har- 
vest to  gather  within  a  week  after  the 
bees  were  taken  from  the  cellar,  ii  is 
quite  liKely  that  those  populous  colo- 
nies would  have  outstripped  everything 
in  the  apiary  but  such  was  not  the 
case.  When  the  harvest  rt'/(^/ come,  they 
had  passed  their  prime,  su  to  speak. 
And  this  brings  up  a  point  that  Bro. 
Doolittle  clid  not  mention,  viz  ,  that  a 
queen  that  begins  laying  too  late  is 
just  as  detrimental  to  success  as  the 
one  that  exhausts  herself  too  early.  A 
colony  with  a  hive  full  of  brood  to 
nurse  when  the  heavy  flow  is  on  will 
not  store  the  surplus  that  will  bestored 
by  the  one  that  has  its  bees  already 
reared,  and  of  the  right  age,  when  the 
main  How  opens.  There  must  be  a  lot 
of  bees  of  the  right  age,  and  the  right 
proportion  between  the  bees  and  the 
brood  when  the  honey  flow  comes,  or 
there  will  be  no  harvest  gathered. 

The  moral  of  all  this  is  that  each 
bee-keeper  must  thoroughly  understand 
his  own  locality,  and  how  to  make  th^i 
mosi.  '■}"  it.  Wnen  I  go  to  the  conven- 
tioi  -  in  Northern  Michigan  the  mem- 
bers are  always  asking  how  to  have 
their  colonies  strong  early  in  the  sea- 
son, because  the  flow  from  the  rasp- 
berr}'  comes  early.  A  bee-keeper  liv- 
ing where  his  main  crop  comes  from 
buckwheat  would  have  little  interest  in 
this  proposition.  The  bee-keeper  in 
Northern  Michigan  gets  his  bees  out  of 
the  cellar  early  in  the  spring,  and  pro- 
tects them  if  necessary,  and  encourages 
early  brood  rearing — the  bee-kieper 
whose  surplus  comes  in  the  fall,  needs 
to  do  nothing  of  the  kind.  Study  yjur  j 
location,  your  honey  resource;^.,  and 
learn  how  to  so  manage  as  to  bring 
upon  the  stage  of  action  a  large  field 
force  of  workers  at  just  the  right  time, 
then  success  will  crown  your  eft^^orts. 


CAUCASIAN  QUEENS 

I  am  makiiiiJ:  pr-.parations  to  rear  these  queens 
in  large  numbers  another  season,  using  the  best  of 
stock.  If  interested,  send  for  particulars  and 
prices. 

Iff  You  Want  the  Best 

Dovetailed  Bee  Hive  with  a  cor- 
ner that  will  not  give  way  to 
sun  or  rain,  you  can  get  it  of 
the  Wood  Bee  Hive  and  Box  Co  , 
Lansing.  Mich., for*?!. 25.  They 
are  a  bargain  you  cannot  well 
oi'erlook.  They  are  li4  story  for 
comb  honey,  using  4/i  beeway 
sections,  no  separators,  sections 
nor  fa'n.  We  make  them  and 
know  they  are  just  what  we  say. 
All  kinds  of  supplies  man'f'd 
and  for  sale.  Wax  made  up  for 
ca  h,  or  exchange  foundation  for 
wax.  Send  for  circular  and  ask 
for  our  little  book  on  Italian  and 
Caucisian  queens  v\hich  will  be  on  about  Jan.  1st. 

The  Wood  Bee=Hive  &  Box  Co. 
Lansing,  Mich. 

People  say 

Review    subscribers    do    not    read    the 
ads.  or  the.v  do  not  know  a  bar- 
gain when  they  see  it. 

CO  =  OPERATION 

Means  --You   Work    for  Me,  and  I 

Work  for  You  for   Mutual   Beneht. 

A  well-known  manufacturer  wishes  to 

cash  $2,000  worth    of  goods  during 

JANUARY. 

He  has  made  me  the  lowest  prices  I 
have  been  able  to  secure  in  years,  viz: 
The  8-fr.  Dove,  hive,  l>^-st.  at  $1.00 
each — any  frame,  any  cover,  etc.  10- 
fr.,  11.10. 

No.  1  White  Basswood  Standard 
Size  Sections  a  $3.30  per  1000.  No.  2, 
$2.80. 

I  will  take  you  Mr.  Bee-Keeper,  into 
partnership.  There  are  three  condi- 
tions, viz: 

1st.  Cash  to  reach  me  not  later  than 
January.  30,  1906. 

2nd.  You  stibscribe  for  Rural  Bee- 
Ketper,  one  year,  $1.00, 

3,d.  You  pay  me  a  comission  for 
m\-  services,  viz. 

10  percent,  on  all  orders  for  $50  or  less. 
8  percent.  '  "         $50  or  more. 

No  catalog.  Prompt  shipemnt.  Money 
refunded  in  case  all  are  sold.     No  risk. 

W.  H.  PUTNAM,  River  Falls,  Wis. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


ft  GflHiiOflD  OF  PAPER 


27 


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THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


29 


4V 
i)/ 

nil 

Of 
Hi 


iXi 


Hi 


it/ 
Hi 

ilu 

Hit 
\«i 
il/ 


Root's  Goods  at 
Root's  Pricey 


HH 

■Iff 


POUDER'S     Honey    Jars     and 

everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

Large  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  tunes.     I,ow  freight  rates 

Prompt  Service.   Catalog  sent  free. 

Wa.lt^r  S.  Pou«Jer 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOIvIS,     IND. 


\)/ 

(1/ 
v(i 

Hi 

\)> 


Dittmep's   Foundation 

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Retail,  Wholesale  and  Jobbing. 

Owes  its  reputation  entirely  to  its 'ner- 
its  and  our  persistent  efforts  to  make 
the  best  and  Keep  it  the  Best 

It  is  tough,  clear  and  perfectly 
transparent,  has  the  natural  swtet 
odor  of  pure  wax,  and  the  color  of 
the  brightest  and  lightest  lemon  and 
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Do  not  fail  to  write  for  samples  of 
our  foundation,  descriptive  catalog, 
prices  and  di.scounts,  stating  quan'ity 
of  foundation  wanted,  wax  worted 
and  list  of  other  supplies,  and  prices 
will  be  accordingly.  Beeswax  want- 
ed. 
E.    Grainger    &    Co.,    Toronto,    Sole 

Agents  in  Canada. 
The  Bee  &  Honey  Co  ,    Beeville.  Tex. 

Agents  for  Tex 
E    H    Taylor,    Welwyn,    Herts,    Eng- 
land, Agents  for  (Jreat  Britain. 

W.    D   Soper,  Jackson,  Michigan, 

Agent  for  Michigan. 

GUS  DITTMER,  Augusta,  Wis. 


Send    for 

1905 
Catalog. 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  Hunt  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 
Send  for 

Booklet. 


BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Pries 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG     MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
l-oi-^t  147-149  Cedar  Lnke  Roid 


LOTS  OF  GOOD  QUEENS. 

Untested,  SI. 00  each;  six  for  S5. 00,  or  $9.00  pe"" 
dozen.  Tested,  Sl.SO  each:  select,  32.50.  Bees  for 
sale  in  car  lots  for  spring-  delivery.  Correspond- 
ence solic  ted.  Agents  for  Dittmer's  foundation 
for  this  State.     Get  prices. 

THE  BEE  and  HONEY  COMPANY, 

WILL  ATCHi.KV,  Mgr.    BEEVILLE,  BEE  CO.,  TEX 


PAPER  CUTTER 


FOR  SALE. 


A  man  living  near  here,  and  having  a  small 
job  printing  office,  has  consolidated  his  office. 
With  mine,  and  is  putting  in  a  cylinder  press 
we  both  had  a  pnper  cutter,  and,  as  we  have  no 
use  for  both  of  them,  one  will  be  sold  at  a  sacri- 
fice. Mine  is  a  24-inch  cutter,  and  has  a  new 
knife  for  which  I  paid  $10.00  last  spring,  yet 
$25.00  will  take  the  machine.  A  photograph  and 
description  of  the  machine  will  be  sent  on  ap- 
plication. This  new  man  will  have  no  connec- 
tion whatever  with  the  Review — simply  with  the 
job  work.  The  presswork  for  the  Review  will 
he  doue  on  the  new  press. 

W.  Z    HUTCHINSON    Flint,  Mich. 


30 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I  manufacture  both  the  one  and  the  four-piece  sections, 
and  can  give  customers  their  choice  at  the  same  price.  The 
one-piece  is  made  of  nice,  white  bassvvood,  and  sand- 
papered on  both  sides.  The  four-piece  is  made  of  hard, 
white  poplar.  The  sections  are  4'4  x  4^4  xl%,  l^^"  or  7-to- 
the-foot,  and  3x5  plain. 

My  prices  are  as  follows:  1,000,  $3.00;  2,000  for  $5.75; 
5,000  for  $14.00;  10,000  for  $27.00.  A  special  price  will  be 
made  to  those  who  order  10,000  to  30,000  in  the  winter. 

I  also  furnish  BEE,  QUEENS,  and  BEE-KEEPERS' 
SUPPLIES.  Send  for  descriptive  circular,  and  sample  of 
section,  and  save  money. 

Reference,  Editor  Review. 


MOMTOBJ, 


I  06-tf 


siiEneo 


$500.00   IN   GOLD. 

21  Cash  Prizes  amounting-  to  $500  00 
will  be  given  away  to  ag"ents  and  pre- 
mium workers  by  the  publishers  of  Ihe 
NORTHWESTERN  SPORTSMAN 
during  1906. 

The  Sportsman  is  the  cleanest,  the 
brightest,  the  most  popular  out  door 
magazine  in  the  country.  Price  $1.00 
per  year. 

A  beautiful  112-page  sample  copy  of 
the  Sportsman  and  our  handsome 
52  page  premium  list  free.  Write  for 
them  and  ask  for  complete  information 
concerning  our  prize  offers.     Address, 

The  Northwestern  Sportsman^ 


Desk  B 
Milwaukee, 


Wisconsin. 


The  Alamo  Bee    Supply   Co» 
J.  C  R  Kerr,  Agt, 

San  Antonio,  Texas 

Carry  a  lar^e  stock  of  Bee  Hives  and  Supplies  of 
all  kinds.  Prompt  shipment  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.    Write  for  prices. 


HONEY  QUEENS 

I^AWS'  ITAI^IAN  and  HOI.Y  I^AND  QUEENS. 
Plenty  of  fine  queens  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  lam  catering  to  a  satisfiCvl  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?    Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 

Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  as  consistent  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $8.00;  tested  $1.00;  per 
dozen,  Sio.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  $3.00  each. 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beeville,   Tex. 


TSi  BULBS 

UU;J5  (Vn(s. 

-i>ym  ^Vill  jjiow  in  tin- 
■)|K/li.,u.M.  ..I-  out  of 
fl^/a.H.is.    lly:(:  illtilS, 


rul.|. 

(_'r(M-US,     iMI.-llsLlS, 

Oxalis,  ■rill.lT.iM'S, 

J5c^oiiiii,,l(>iiinrls, 

DiUUkIiIs,  Cliiiii-se 

Li!v.  Dewey  l.il.v, 

(!l(i\iTiiv,  Lilies  ot 

tlie  N'nlley— allposfp.Tid. 
or  coin.  .Asa  prfiiiiinn  \vitlitliese  liulli 
Fltm;  a  b!'.,'coll(M'iion  of  flower seed.s— 
HILLSIDE   NURSERY,  SOMERVILLE,  MASS. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


31 


M 
m 

m 
m 
m 


Money  Saved  is  Money  Made. 

Bee  supplies  boug'ht  now  are  subject  to  a  generous 
discount  from  our  regular  low  prices.  We  do  this  to 
keep  our  factory  busj'.  Send  us  a  list  of  what  you 
need;  we  will  make  you  a  price  by  return  mail  that 
will  convince  you. 

If  you  want  a  catalogue  that  is  more  than  a  price 
list — that  contains  valuable  information  on  bee-keep- 
ing you  must  hurry  to  have  your  name  placed  on  our 
mailing  list.  Only  a  limited  number  will  be  printed. 
It's  free,  of  course. 

DOLL'S  BEE  SUPPLY  MFG.  CO., 
Power  Bldg.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


2»s 


m 


HUNTER  ■  TRADER  •  TRAPPER. 


luappM. 


These  fnrs — 9  lynx,  15  marten  and 
4  mink — viere  caught  in  one  month. 
Read  all  about  it  in  the  December 
HUNTER-TRADER-TRAPPER  as 
well  as  other  articles  on  trapping,  hunt- 
ing and  raw  furs.  The  magazine  is 
published  monthly  and  contains  from 
96  to  144  pages.  Subscription  $1.00  a 
year,  single  copy  10  cents.  A  beauti- 
ful calendar  given  with  a  year's  sub- 
scription if  you  mention  BEE  KEEP- 
ERS' REVIEW.     Address. 

THE  A.  R.  HARDING  PUB.  CO. 
Columbus,  Ohio. 
1-06-lt 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  you 
the  best  goods  at  LOWES  T  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
15  different  roads,  thereby  saving  you 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Langstrotli  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  everj'  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTS  now. 
Write  todaj'. 

kri-;tchmer  meg.,  co. 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 
Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German. 
]-06-l2t 


HONEY    WANTED-State     kind    and    lowest 
price.     Address, 

CHAS.  KOEPPEN, 

Fredericksburg,    Va. 


32 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE^W 


'irlimg 


fSN/'O^ 


Successfully  lays  the  foundation  of  a  prosper- 
ous season.  If  properly  prepared  for  winter, 
correctly  packed,  or  put  in  the  right  kind  of  a 
cellar,  bees  require  little  attention  in  the 
winter.  But  conditions  are  not  always  ideal. 
Some  colonies  may  be  short  of  stores;  the  cel- 
lar may  be  too  cold  in  a  cold  spell  of  weather, 
or  it  may  be  too  damp. 

These  conditions  can  all  be  remedied. 
Then  there  is  the  question  of  ventilation. 
There  may  not  be  a  thing  you  can  do  to  aug- 
ment the  successful  wintering  of  your  bees, 
and  there  may  be  imitch;  and  then  comes  the 
taking  of  the  bees  from  the  cellar,  and  the 
care  of  them  in  the  spring. 

All  of  these  points  are  most  carefully  and 
thoroughly  considered  in  the  new  edition  of 
Advanced  Bee  Culture  just  out — not  only 
these,  but  all  of  the  main  points  of  practical 
bee-keeping.  Price  $1.20,  postpaid,  or  the 
Review  one  year  and  the  book   for  only  $2.00. 


'^m^'^^^^\^^^^M\^^^\W:^^\^M 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  inyour 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILKD 
HIVES  made  bj^  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keepini;-  on  hand. 


Mapshfield  IVIfg.   Co. 

IWapshfielcl,  Wis. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deiisen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foinulation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  l)y  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  .shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distingui.shed  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the   Van    Deusen    zvired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.    VRfl    DEUSE^l, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


IVlODEli    IHCUBRTORS 
RHD  BROOOEHS. 

Made  by  Chas.  A.  Cy- 
phers, are  the  only  reli- 
able hatchers.  We  sell 
them  at  Mr.  Cyphers' 
factor}^  prices,  and  save 
you  freij^ht. 

Poultry  and  Bee  Supplies 
of  all  kinds. 

Our7.^-page  illus  rated  cata- 
logue sent  free  to  any  address. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

521  Griggs  Block 
TOLEDO,         -         -         OHIO. 


Lowest  Prices. 

BIC,   DISCOUNT  FOR  KARI^Y 
ORDERvS. 

On  cash  orders 
Before  November  i  9  per  cetit. 

December  18,.  ,, 

,        January       17,,  ,, 

„        February    i  f>     ,,  ,, 

,,        March  14,,  ,. 

,,        April  12,,  ,, 

Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds. 

Established  nearly  25  j'ears 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
50c  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  publislied.  Kc'ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 
Company, 

Jamkstown,  N.  Y. 


34 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I^ake  Youp  Own  Hives. 


jSee  ^  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making- 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on  trial. 
Send  for  Catalogue. 

W.F.&JNO.  BARNES  CO.. 

^  384  Raby  St., 

wn  Rockford,     Ills. 


i  YEARS  the:   BEisnr.    catalog  freie: 


BINGHAM, 


FARVVEZLL,       MICH.    ) 


BEE     SUPPLIES.: 

We  handle  th«  finest  biBesupplies,  rtiade  by  .the  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG. 
CO.,  Jatnestowh,  N.  Y.  Big;-Discounts  on', early  orders,  let  us  figure 
with  you  on  your  wants.  '   ';'>  '    J     . 

MUTHsWciAL  DOVE  TAIL  HIVES,  have  a  hohoy  board,  warp, 
proof  cover,  and.  bottom  board;  think  of  it,  same  prico  as  the  regular 
atylea.     Send  for  Catalog.  ;.";  ,'•_■:*  ,  "''„»•■ 

THE  FRED.  W.  MUTH  CO., 


51    WALNUT   ST.. 


CINCiNNAT!,    OHIO. 


TilE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


35 


BMBmBmBmBmBmBmimBmB^mMBmBmii 


Discount 


We  will  allow  you  the  above  discount  p 
on  all  orders  accompnied  by  cash  during  p 
February.     Send  for  Catalogue.  m 


I         Page  &  Lyon  Mfg.  Co.,  New  London,  Ws. 


40  Kinds  Tail 
2  7  Kinds  Dwarf 
NASTURTIUM 

SEEDS 


^i^j 


^> 


36 


fa 


We  mail  tliis 
line  colk'ctioM 

Uld  Fasiiioiietl 

Flower  SEEDS 

iiiitinrlt'il  fri'iii  Ceiiuany : 
riuiiiosa,  Olnsia,  Caiii- 
liainila.  Calamliilia.  By- 
K.iioiisis.  Aiabis.  l.ily  of 
ili.-VaU.-y.Alyssiiin.Joli's 
Icars.  t'iiieraiia.  Coliiiii 
liine,  FuiUMVCliick.Hihis. 
(•us,  Cilia,  Sweet  William 
Aijemoiie.  Solaniun.  Ste- 
via,  I'.iid  of  Pararlise 
SiMliiin,  Si!ean,T51iie  Bells 
.irsi'dtlaiid.  siiiila.\,'rif,'ev 
I'iiik-,  P-Liwallia.  .StOeliS 
.Margaret.  Cvaniis,  Cow 
sliri,  Cnieniis^is,  Cleiiialis 
Cypress  Vii:e.  Motiining 
Cloak,  Zinnia,  Verbliia, 
Violet. 

All  the  above  sent 
yon  if  yi>u  will  send  lO 
i'l'iits  in  silver  or 
stamps  to  pay  the  cost 
(if  postage  and  pack- 


iiia 


GLENDALE NURSERY, 
Dept.     Everett,  Mass. 


PLEASE  TAKE  NOTICE 

That  we  have  juirchasetl  The  Atch- 
ley  steam  bee-hive  factor^',  and  are 
now  pnttiny  in  up-to-date  machinery 
for  making  Dovetailed  bee  hives  and 
supplies.  We  earnestly  solicit  a  share 
of  your  patronage.  We  quote  prices 
on  two  hives  for  comparison;  one 
2-story,  8-frame  hive,  in  the  flat,  for  ex- 
tracted hone3-,  complete,  ready  to  nail, 
$1.25.  One  story  and  a  half  hive,  in 
the  flat,  with  sections,  complete,  for 
comb  honey  $1.25;  self-spacing  Hofl"- 
man  frames  in  the  flat,  $15.00  per 
thousand.  Remember  these  are  stand- 
ard goods  and  Dovetailed  hives.  Get 
prices  on  large  lots.  Dittmer's  foun- 
dation at  Dittmer's  prices.  We  are 
headquarters  in  the  South  for  bees  and 
queens;  untested,  $1.00  each;  $9.00  per 
dozen,  tested,  fl.50.  Full  colonies, 
nuclei,  and  queens  in  large  lots,  our 
specialty.      Send  for  catalog. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beeville,   Bee  Co.   Texas. 


METAL  MOTHERS 


Coniidete  lire-iuvMil  hatchiiif;  and 
broodiiiK  plant  lur  ^T..^!.  ■_' (ii  .'i.  oil 
hatcdics  ;)lief;^''«  and  raises  cliicks. 
Catalogue  free.  CYCLE  HATCH- 
ER CO,,  Box  316,  Salem,  New  York. 


36 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION" 

IT  EXCELS. 

EVERY  INCH  equal  to  samples. 

Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sag-g-ing^,    no    Loss.     Twenty-seven 

years  of  Experience.     We  guarantee  satisfaction.     Wax 

worked  into  Foundation. 

BEE  STITPPEIES 

of  all  kinds 

BEESWAX  AV ANTED 

at  all  times. 
Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODMAN,  Grand  Rapids. 

DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  111. 

Send  for  Catalog". 


wm 


Michigan  Distributors 

FOR 

G.    B.    Lewis    Go's   BEEWARE 
Dadant^s    Foundation 


WITH  an  enorinoiis  stock,  and  the  best  shipping  point 
ill  Michigan,  we  are  in  a  position  to  give  yon  the 
very  best  service. 

SPECIAL  — A  quantity  of  Dovetail  and  Wisconsin  Hives, 
slighily  dij-colored  by  water,  in  packages  ot  .sat  $1.25 
per  hive  for  i  J^  stor}'  8-frame;  lo-frame,  $1.40  per 
per  hive.    Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

BEESWAX  WANTED 

A.  G.  WOODMAN  CO., 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Advanced  Bee>Veil.  Cord  arrangement,  absolutely  bee-proof,  best  on  earth. 
Made  of  iinported  French  tulle  veiling.  Cotton,  with  silk  face,  50  cents  post- 
paid. 2-o6-4t 


CD 

c 

'c5 


>^ 

CD 

o 

X 

a 

•) — I 

e 

O 

-t-» 

< 

c 


O 


9e 


'{^^peps' 


ee- 

A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 


Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$L00  A  YEAR 
w.  z,  HUTCHINSON.  Editor  am  Proprieioi. 

VOL.  XIX.        FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  FEB.  15,  1906.       NO.  2 


^liL©rt  Cmts  in  Exti 

R.    F.    HOLTERMANN. 


MANY  years  ago,  when  I  first  began 
bee-keeping,  a  long  winter  lay  be- 
fore me,  with  nothing  in  particular  in 
view  for  me  to  do.  Times  were  hard, 
and  .k  ork  not  easily  obtained,  so  I  hired 
out  with  a  firm  of  manufactnrers  at  85 
cents  a  day.  I  did  not  try  to  make 
myself  just  valuable  enough  to  earn 
that  85  cents  a  day,  with  a  mental 
promise  to  do  better  when  my  pay  was 
increased,  as' so  many  mistakenly  do, 
but  sought  to  make  m3'self  as  valuable 
as  I  knew  how. 

To  illustrate:  They  were  punching 
three  holes  in  a  piece  of  band-iron, 
then  three  holes  in  another  piece,  and 
afterwards  riveting  the  two  pieces  to- 
gether in  pairs.  Sometimes  the  holes 
were  not  punched  in  exactly  the  proper 
places,  the  rivets  would  not  go  through 
both  pieces,  and  there  was  trouble.  I 
"  taced  "  I'ne  two  pieces,  and  punched 
them  in  pairs,  thus  performing  the  two 
operations  and  the  riveting  in  greatl}' 
reduced  time.  Other  "  simple-when- 
you-once-see-it  "     time-saving    devices 


followed,  and,  in  two  months,  my  pay 
was  raised  to  $1.50  a  daj',  and  when  I 
finally  left  the  firm  I  was  getting  $5.00 
a  day,  and  there  was  no  desire  to  have 
me  leave,  either. 

The  great  struggle  today,  among 
manufact'irers  in  the  same  line,  is,  by 
short  cuts,  to  reduce  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction— to  produce  a  better  article  at 
less  cost.  The  successful  man  in  any 
line   of   production  must  do  the  same. 

IMPORTANCE  OF  SHORT  CUT.S. 

Bee-keepers  have  heard  a  great  deal 
about  many  subjects,  but  not  enough 
attention  has  been  paid  to  the  cost  of 
production.  Now  there  seems  to  be  a 
more  united  and  determined  action  in 
this  direction,  and,  once  the  search 
light  is  thrown  on  the  cost  of  produc- 
tion, we  will  use  every  means  in  our 
power  to  reduce  that  cost.  In  the 
shoi't  cuts  of  business  often  lies  the  dif- 
ference between  pront  and  loss.  Other 
things  being  equal,  the  man  who  is  up 
to  date,  or  a  little  ahead,  in  this  mat- 
ter, can  smile  at  all  opposition. 


40 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


HAVE  THE  BEST    TOOLS  REGARDLESS  OF 
COST. 

Much  has  been  said  about  "more 
bees,"  and,  while  I  do  not  object  to 
this,  it  is  quite  as  desirable  to  say, 
produce  more  honey  from  the  bees  you 
now  have,  and  do  it  for  less  money. 
How  many  neglected  stocks  of  bees 
there  are,  out  of  which  twice  as  much 
honey  might  have  been  secured.  How 
many  implements  there  are  in  use  that 
require  twice  the  time  and  patience  of 
others  that  may  cost  more.  If  a 
smoker  can  be  bought  that  can  be 
lighted  more  quickly,  kept  burning 
with  less  trouble,  one  that  will  re- 
spond to  our  efforts  more  readily  at 
critical  moments,  that  will  stay  loaded 
for  a  greater  length  of  time,  then  away 
with  our  old  one  to  some  one  more 
easily  satisfied  then  ourselves — or  else 
throw  it  away.  If  there  is  a  brush 
that  will  do  the  work  enough  better 
than  our  old  one,  let's  have  it.  If  our 
honey  extractor  is  not  the  best  for 
handling  combs  without  breakage,  for 
extracting  the  combs  clean  and  doing 
the  work  rapidly,  then,  especially  in  a 
large  business,  every  hour  we  use  it 
we  are  losing  money,  we  are  handi- 
capped, just  as  out  of  date  methods  and 
machinery  handicap  the  manufacturer. 
It  is  only  because  the  production  of 
honey  has  the  margin  of  profit  that  it 
has,  that  greater  attention  has  not  been 
paid  to  this  subject;  but  there  is  no 
sound  reason  why  we  should  not 
pocket  all  of  the  profits  of  production 
that  we  can. 

DO  ONE  THING  AT  A  TIME. 

In  planning  my  work  I  have  found, 
as  others  have  found,  that  system  and 
specializing  are  necessary  for  economy. 
Where,  day  by  day,  work  is  to  be  car- 
ried on,  each  man  has  his  pilace.  He 
learns  his  work  and  becomes  an  adept 
at  it.  Of  course,  with  mj'  students,  I 
have  to  make  an  exception,  and  allow 
them  to  learn  each  department.  Chang- 
ing f  "otn  one    '.:in?^    of  "'   rk  to  another 


is  always  done  at  a  loss  of  time.  If 
the  entrances  of  100  hives  need  adjust- 
ing,the  hives  leveling  up,  and  the  grass 
cut  around  them,  don't  do  all  of  these 
things  to  one  hive,  and  then  to  another 
— perform  one  service  to  all  of  the 
hives  before  taking  up  another  branch. 
Never  move  a  foot  unnecessarily,  or 
perform  an  operation  unnecessarily', 
which  will  require  another  move  to 
bring  the  conditions  back  to  the  place 
of  advantage  that  you  were  in.  As  far 
as  you  can,  so  locate  your  hives  as  to 
have  all  of  them  near  as  possible  to 
the  bee  house  door.  If  your  extracting 
combs  are  to  be  raised  to  a  point  six 
feet  above  the  l^oor,  when  once  raised 
to  this  level,  arrange  the  stands,  etc., 
so  that  there  will  be  no  necessity  of 
lowering  them  again,  only  to  raise 
them  once  more,  or  you  will  have 
doubly  lost  work. 

THE      KOLLY    AND     SIN    OK     EXTKACTING 
GREEN    HONEY. 

In  the  past,  I  have  extracted  hone^' 
when  it  was  far  from  ripe,  put  it  upon 
the  market,  and  sold  it  for  just  as 
much  as  though  it  had  been  well 
ripened,  and  there  was  no  complaint, 
and  there  are  times  now,  when,  owing 
to  the  season,  or  because  dark  honey  is 
beginning  to  come  in,  I  might  extract 
honey  that  would  be  improved  by  leav- 
ing it  with  the  bees  for  a  longer  time. 
I  believe  there  are  times  when  the 
combs  are  not  more  than  half  capi^ed, 
and  we  might  extract  and  get  a  fair 
grade  of  honey,  but  I  feel  th^it  the  per- 
son who  will  deliberately,  without 
strongly'  extenuating  circumstances, 
extract  hone}'  when  it  is  green,  to  save 
the  labor  of  uncapping,  or  to  secure  a 
trifle  more  honey,  is  doing  a  great 
wrong,  and  trading  upon  the  good 
reputation  which  has  been  made  by 
others.  He  is  not  only  robbing  the 
man  who  has  given  extracted 
honey  a  good  reputation,  but  he  is 
robbing  the  man  to  whom  he 
sells.     Fretpient    extracting-s  demoral- 


THE  BEE-I'EEPERS'  REVIEW 


41 


ize,  or  disorganize,  a  colony  more  fre- 
quentl}',  as  the  resxilt  of  givinj;;'  them 
freshly  extracted  combs  to  clean  up. 
Then,  again,  one  can  extract  loO 
pounds  of  honey  from  a  colony  at  one 
operation  more  quickly  and  economi- 
cally than  to  extract  the  same  amount 
at  three  different  extractings.  When 
near  the  close  of  the  harvest,  if  some 
colonies  are  crowded  for  room,  and 
others  are  slow  in  filling  their  combs, 
full  combs  may  '  be  exchanged  with 
those  having  plent\'  of  room.  In  this 
wa3'.  when  we  came  to  extract,  there 
are  no  blanks  to  cause  loss  of  time. 

WHKRE  BEK   ESCAPES  ARK  NOT  NEEDED. 

In  freeing  the  comb'^  of  bees,  it  would 
be  an  easj^  matter  for  me  to  say,  "use 
bee-escapes,"  and  no  doubt  I  shall 
meet  with  strong  opposition  in  advis- 
ing against  their  use  in  the  production 
of  extracted  honey,  but  I  fail  to 
see  where  the^'  are  a  labor  saver. 
They  may  be  an  advantage  to  timid 
bee-keepers,  but,  in  all  of  our  manipu- 
lations, we  try  to  avoid  as  much  as 
possible  the  lifting  of  supers  filled  with 
combs  and  bees,  and,  in  extracting.  I 
never  break  loose  the  last  super  bod^'. 
as,  with  crowded  hives,  we  must  work 
slowly  or  kill  more  or  less  bees.  With 
the  use  of  bee-escapes,  every  pound  of 
honey  has  to  be  lifted  once  oftener  than 
without  them.  That  is,  when  the 
escape  is  put  in  place,  and  this  is  no 
pla3'  when  one  has  three  or  four  supers 
of  ten  combs  each  in  a  twelve-comb 
space.  Then,  again,  it  necessitates 
the  running  back  and  forth  to  the  hives 
ahead.  As  you  take  one  off,  you  must 
run,  say,  ten  hives  ahead,  and  put 
the  escape-board  in  place,  wliich  is  a 
great  waste  of  time.  The  colony  is 
disorganized  a  much  longer  time, 
which,  in  a  good  honey  flow,  is  a  seri- 
ous item.  In  cool  weather  the  hone}' 
becomes  cooler,  and  I  am  not  sure  that 
the  crowding  of  the  bees  into  the  brood 
chamber  during  hot  weather  does  not 
have  an  influence  in  starting  the 
swarming    impulse,  where    the  crowd- 


ing is  greatly  prolonged —it  may  be  the 
last  straw  in  that  direction. 

THE  USE  OK  A   "  SMOKE-BOX." 

I  have  used,  with  excellent  success, 
a  smoke-box  invented  by  Mr.  S.  T. 
Pettit.  It  is  an  inverted  box,  the  size 
of  the  top  of  the  hive,  and  about  three 
inches  deep,  with  a  hole  in  one  side 
which  can  be  closed  with  a  button. 
The  cover  of  the  hive,  together  with 
the  cloth  or  honey  board,  is  removed, 
and  the  box  very  quickly  put  in  place. 
The  button  is  turned  and  the  smoke 
puffed  into  the  hive.  By  smoking  gen- 
tlj',  giving  the  bees  time  to  keep  ahead 
of  the  smoke,  the  combs  can  be  fairly 
well  cleared  of  bees;  unless  the  queen 
should  have  passed  above  the  queen 
excluder  and  filled  the  combs  with 
brood.  This  is  the  quickest  method 
that  I  know  of  for  freeing  the  combs  of 
bees,  but  a  mild  smoke  must  be  used 
or  the  cappings  will  become  tainted, 
when  a  delicate  palate  might  detect 
the  flavor.  With  strong-flavored  honeys 
this  point  need  not  be  considered.  The 
best  waj'  that  I  know  of  is  to  smoke 
the  bees  through  the  ventilator  in  the 
super,  which  every  super  ought  to  have 
at  its  back,  doing  this  work  in  advance 
upon  the  colony  that  we  next  expect  to 
manijiulate.  This  induces  the  bees  to 
fill  themselves  with  hone}',  when  they 
are  easilj'  dislodged  from  the  combs, 
and  have  little  disposition  to  fight. 

GETTING  BEES  OKK  THE  COMBS. 

For  bringing  in  the  combs  we  use  a 
wheel  barrow  upon  which  we  can  set 
two  supers,  one  above  the  other.  An 
empty  super  is  placed  upon  the  barrow, 
one  man  smokes  the  bees,  while  an- 
other removes  the  cover,  honej'  board 
and  cloth,  when  the  bees  are  well- 
smoked,  the  smoker  being  handled  with 
a  sort  of  sweeping  movement  that 
drives  the  smoke  among  the  combs. 
The  more  skilled  operative  (and  this 
will  be  the  one  not  using  the  smoker) 
now  removes  the  first  comb;  then  both 
remove  combs,  setting  the  first  four  on 


42 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


end  beside  the  hive,  and  the  balance 
are  freed  of  bees  by  shaking  them  into 
the  hive,  unless  there  is  a  super  below 
that  is  to  come  off,  in  which  case  the 
bees  are  shaken  in  front  of  the  hive. 
The  combs  are  then  brushed  entirely 
free  of  bees  and  placed  in  the  empty 
super.  For  brushing  bees  from  the 
combs  I  use  two  brushes  that  I  im- 
ported from  Germany.  They  are  soft 
and  durable,  yet  water  makes  no  im- 
pression upon  them.  These  two  brush- 
es, besides  other  work,  brushed  the 
bees  from  theconibs  of  a  60,000-lb.  honey 
crop,  yet  they  show  no  wear,  as  yet. 
In  shaking  bees  off  the  combs,  give 
several  quick  shakes  in  rapid  succes- 
sion. Shaking  bees  off  a  comb  is  very 
much  like  shaking  a  boy  oft'  a  gate 
upon  which  he  is  swinging— swing  him 
pretty  fast  in  one  direction,  then  sud- 
denly pull  the  gate  in  the  other  direc- 
tion. In  doing  this  you  catch  hold  of 
the  side-bars  of-the  frame  as  well  as 
the  lugs,  or  you  may  break  many  lugs. 
Bees  that  have  tilled  themselves  with 
honey,  as  the  result  of  previous  smok- 
ing, will  leave  the  super  more  readily, 
and  can  be  shaken  from  th.^  combs 
much  more  easily.  I  do  not  like  the 
comb-buckets  and  carrier  methods — 
they  are  lacking  in  capacity.  When 
the  two  supers  are  full  they  are 
wheeled  to  the  honey  house,  and  a  call 
given  to  those  inside,  unless  the  door  is 
kept  closed  with  a  light  spring  or 
weights,  and,  when  the  door  is  opened, 
the  wheel  barrow  and  its  load  are 
wheeled  directly  info  the  Louse.  This 
is  a  great  saying  of  time  aud  strength 
over  carrying  and  shoving  the  comb 
baskets  through  openings  in  the  wall. 
The  return  load  brings  the  needed 
number  of  combs  for  the  last  hive. 
This  is  an  important  point,  and  in 
every  way  a  much  better  plan  than 
that  of  having  the  more  or  less  honey- 
daubed  combs  (even  though  covered 
with  a  cloth)  standing  in  the  apiary 
while  the  full  combs  are  being  re- 
moved.    I  know    that  the  returning  of 


the  combs  immediately  after  the  ex- 
tracting, or  at  the  time  of  extracting, 
has  been  opposed  on  the  ground  that 
such  return  leads  to  robbing.  We  are 
very  gentle,  yet  expeditious,  about  this, 
and  careful  that  the  first  bee  never  gets 
a  load  from  these  wet  combs.  I  think 
most  of  the  trouble  comes  from  letting 
outside  bees  get  a  taste  of  the  hone\' 
while  returning  the  combs  to  the  hiv3s. 
As  we  are  running  put-apiaries  here 
and  there,  we  often  have  to  extract  in 
places  that  are  not  bee-tight,  yet,  with 
quick  work,  keeping  the  combs  cov- 
ered, and  using  a  little  smoke  in  the 
extracting  house,  if  necessary,  to  neu- 
tralize the  aroma  of  the  honey,  we  get 
along  all  right.  Prevent  the  first  load 
of  green  honey  from  being  carried 
home.  If  any  bees  get  into  the  ex- 
tracting house,  let  them  stay  there 
until  the  extracting  is  finished,  instead 
of  getting  out  to  carry  tales  home. 

The  uncapping  is  done  over  a  1a.rge 
tank  about  three  feet  six  inches  wide, 
four  and  one-half  feet  long,  and  two 
feet  six  inches  deep.  There  is  really 
one  tank  inside  of  another,  with  six 
inches  of  space  between  the  bottoms 
for  the  honey  that  drips  from  the  upper 
tank.  The  inner,  or  upper,  tank  has  a 
bottom  and  sides  of  perforated  steel 
through  which  the  honey  drips  into 
the  outer  tank,  which  has  a  screw-cap 
through  which  the  honey  can  be  drawn 
off  at  will. 

As  our  honey  is  practically  all 
capped,  it  requires  three  ordinary 
hands,  or  two  good  hands,  to  uncap 
enough  so  that  5,000  or  more  pounds 
per  day  may  be  extracted.  The  wax 
more  than  pays  for  the  labor.  When 
in  New  York  State,  I  was  told,  b3'  one 
who  should  be  in  position  to  knovv, 
that  Mr.  Alexander  extracts  his  honey, 
practical!}'  before  it  is  capped,  and  the 
entire  absence  in  his  article,  in  (rlean- 
ings,  about  the  uncapping,  when  writ- 
ing ujion  the  production  of  extracted 
honey,  confirms  my  suspicions  that  the 
honey  is  taken  green. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


43 


AN  UNCAPPINO  MACHINK. 

This  season  I  will  Have  in  operation 
an  uncappint:;-  machine  designed  about 
a  year  ago.  The  comb  will  be  placed 
in  a  form,  its  position  being  the  same 
as  when  hanging  in  the  hive,  when,  by 
means  of  a  treadle  operated  by  the 
foot,  the  comb  will  be  drawn  down  be- 
tween two  rollers  running  at  a  high 
speed,  nails  driven  into  the  surfaces  of 
the  rollers  striking  the  cappings  and 
scraping  them  off.  The  uncapper,  as 
well  as  the  extractor,  will  be  run  by  a 
small  gasoline  engine  furnished  by  the 
A.  I.  Root  Co.  With  mj'  present  capac- 
ity', uncapping  by  hand,  and  using  a 
six-frame,  reversible  extractor,  we  can 
comfortablj'  extract,  strain,  and  store 
in  packages  ready  for  selling,  from 
5,200  to  5,300  pounds  of  honey  in  eight 
and  one-half  hours.  One  man  does 
nothing  but  run  theextractor.  For  un- 
capping we  use  a  knife  with  a  bevel  as 
in  the  Root  knife,  in  fact,  we  have  the 
Root  knife,  not  a  knife  with  the  bevel 
extending  to  the  center  of  the  back,  as 
with  such  a  knife  there  is  too  much 
suction,  while,  with  no  bevel,  the  cap- 
ping is  likely  to  stick  to  the  comb  after 
the  knife  passes  through.  I  think  it 
pays  to  uncap  fairly  deep,  but  level. 
The  cleaner  combs  are  extracted  the 
better,  as  there  is  less  time  lost  in  the 
bees  cleaning  them  up  and  getting 
them  ready  for  storing  more  honey  in 
them.  In  a  good  honey  flow  this  is  an 
important  point.  Surely,  no  one  is 
fooli.sh  enough  to  think  that  bees  can 
or  do  put  their  heads  down  into  the 
sticky  cells  to  deposit  their  loads  of 
nectar.  I  would  not  accept  a  non-re- 
versible extractor  as  a  gift,  and  use  it, 
e\  en  if  paid  the  price  of  it  each  year. 
Too  many  combs  are  broken,  and  there 
is  too  much  delay  in  turning  the  combs. 
If  I  had  no  more  than  20  colonies,  I 
would  have  reversible  extractor.  Again 
any  one  who  has  ever  had  plenty  of 
storage  room  under  the  baskets,  will 
never  wish  to  go  back  to  the  close 
quarters    that   some    adopt    with  false 


ideas  of  economy.  With  a  good  weight 
of  honey  below  the  baskets,  less  atten- 
tion is  needed  in  balancing  the  combs. 
Each  of  my  extractors  has  three  legs, 
and  the  legs  are  fastened  to  the  floor,  or 
to  blocks,  or  to  stakes  driven  into 
the  ground.  These  legs,  are  long 
enough  to  bring  the  bottom  of  the  can 
on  a  height  above  any  vessel  I  may 
wish  to  fill. 

AN   AUTOMATIC  HONEY  STRAINER. 

If  honey  can  be  strained  and  ex- 
tracted all  at  the  same  time,  surely  it 
is  a  waste  of  time  to  make  two  opera- 
tions of  it.  We  all  know  what  it  is  to 
run  honey  from  the  extractor  into  a 
pail,  to  transfer  it  from  the  pail  to 
tanks,  or  strainer-cans.  Unless  the 
pail  is  constantly  watched,  it  is  likely 
to  run  over  occasionall3%  This  means 
a  loss  of  material,  time  and  patience. 
The  honey  is  the  warmest,  consequently 
the  thinnest,  as  it  comes  from  the  hive; 
every  minute  that  it  is  ofl:'  the  hive  it 
becomes  cooler.  To  keep  honey  liquid 
the  longest,  and  to  have  it  retain  its 
aroma  the  most  perfectly,  to  keep  out 
of  it  the  germs  of  fermentation,  it 
should  be  sealed  as  quickly  as  possible 
after  removal  from  the  combs.  To  ac- 
complish this,  and  relieve  the  conges- 
tion of  work  at  a  critical  time,  I  use  a 
strainer  in  the  bottom  of  the  extractor 
as  shown  in  the  frontispiece  of  this 
issue  of  the  Review,  and  described  as 
follows  in  Gleanings: — 

A  is  the  extractor-shell;  B  is  the 
point  at  which  the  extractor-reel  rests 
on  the  cone,  which  rises  above  the 
strainer.  The  strainer  is  fastened  to 
the  bottom  of  the  extractor  b3'  four 
buttons  or  a  similar  device,  M  (closed); 
N  (open).  The  strainer  is  constructed 
just  the  opposite  way  of  an  ordinary 
strainer.  The  pan,  let  us  call  it  that, 
is  inverted,  and  the  outside  surface 
used  instead  of  the  inside.  The  up- 
right surface  is  used,  and  the  hone3' 
approaches  the  strainer  and  passes 
through  it  sidewise;  but  only  in  case 
of  a  partial  or  threatening  block  does 
the  hone}'  rise  above  the  sides  of  the 
strainer,  when  immediately  a  much 
enlarged  straining  surface,  the  entire 


4% 


r'HE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


top  of  the  strainer,  comes  into  play. 
The  'honey  i^uns  down  the  sides  of  the 
can,  and  'then  rushes  in  its  impetus 
from  all  sides  to  the  center  of  the  can, 
where,  warm  from  the  comb,  every 
■feature,  impetus,  and  warmth  bein.a: 
lialcen  advantage  of,  it  is  forced  throug-h 
a  strainer  of  wire  cloth  and  a  fine 
quality  of  cheese  cloth  over  it.  The 
scum  naturally  keeps  to  the  top;  finer 
particles  are  drawn  down;  but  when- 
ever the  strained  hone\'  outlet  is  closed 
it  begins  to  gravitate  toward  the  top 
of  the  honey,  and  finally,  when  the  ex- 
tractor is  emptied,  almost  all  of  it  will 
rest  on  the  bottom  of  the  can  between 
the  extractor-can  wall  and  the  strainer. 
•  The  first  thing  in  the  morning,  this, 
with  a  fiat-ended  scoop,  is  collected 
and  emptied  through  the  gate.  In  this 
way  I  have  used  the  strainer,  without 
further  cleaning,  day  after  day,  or 
until  f/nr/  extracting  was  finished  and 
everj'thing  thoroughly  cleaned  as  every 
extractor  should  be.  I  used  to  remove 
the  cloth  each  day  and  wash  it.  This 
I  did  by  placing  the  baskets  and  arms 
in  a  position  to  give  the  most  room  to 
get  down,  then  slip  on  a  long  pair  of 
print  sleeves  and  remove  and  readjust 
the  cloth.  There  is  no  great  difficulty 
about  this,  but  I  found  it  unnecessary. 
It  may  be  fairly  asked,  "Why  not 
cover  the  entire  distance  across  the 
can  with  a  strainer?"  By  this  method 
the  straining  surface  is  not  increased. 
Again,  the  scum  must  all  settle  on  the 
strainer — a  very  objectionable  feature; 
and,  next,  a  very  important  feature  in 
my  system,  and  which  is  anew  feature 
also,  is  that  if,  for  any  reason,  we  have 
to  extract  honey  very  thick  through 
cold,  etc.,  artificial  heat  can  be  ap- 
plied to  the  straining  and  unstrained 
honey,  and  kept  applied  until  it  passes' 
out  through  the  rubber  hose  K.  This 
can  be  done  to  the  degree  required  by 
putting  a  coal-oil  or  gasoline  stove 
under  that  portion  of  the  extractor  bot- 
tom which  has  above  it  unstrained 
honey.  The  metal  bottom  being  an 
excellent  conductor,  if  needed  it  can 
heat  the  entire  can,  and  the  hone3'  be 
made  sufficiently  warm  for  every  emer- 
gency. My  son  Ivar  has  attended  to 
using  or  not  using,  raising,  or  heating, 
covering  the  fiame  as  required  as  he 
turned  the  extractor.  For  this  idea  I 
am  indebted  to  a  young  man,  a  student 
of  mine,  Arthur  Feather.  The  hone}', 
as  will  be  seen  in  the  illustration,  is 
drawn  ott'  through  the  pipe  (i,  which 
runs  from  inside  the  strainer  to  the 
outside  of  the  can,  where  it  is  connect- 


ed with  the  pipe  K,  which  is  raised 
when  the  fiow  is  to  be  shut  off,  and 
lowered  when  in  use.  A  moment  does 
the  act. 

The  drawing  is  not  quite  correct. 
The  outlet  from  the  inside  of  the  strain- 
er should  not  be  direct!}'  under  the 
cone,  but  a  little  to  the  side.  We  have 
various  lengths  of  this  rubber  hose, 
with  joints,  so  the  honey  can  be  con- 
ducted at  various  distances.  No  one 
need  watch  the  larger  tanks,  and  they 
can  be  shut  off  when  about  but  not 
quite  full,  or  the  boy  who  handles  the 
extracting  combs,  if  a  barrel  is  to  be 
quite  filled,  watches  them  to  the  last 
moment. 

Another  advantage  I  find  in  the 
strainer  is  that,  in  the  old  s\'stem,  fine 
strings  q{  honey  are  constantl}'  passing 
through  the  air,  carr^'ing  that  air 
into  the  honey,  and  producing  a 
froth  somewhat  like  the  white  of  an 
G^y^  and  air  beaten  together.  This 
scum  does  not  form  with  my  strainer, 
because  the  honey  as  seen  by  the  letter- 
ing, flows  unbroken  through  and  out. 
It  has  been  argued  that  the  froth  is 
foreign  matter,  such  as  wax  particles. 
The  froth,  doubtless,  will  have  this  if 
the  strainer  used  is  not  perfect,  and  the 
same  care  tnust  be  used  in  propcrlj^ 
adjusting  the  cloth  as  with  other 
strainers.  It  is  well  to  bring  the  cloth 
right  under  the  edge  of  the  inverted 
wire-cloth  strainer  as  well  as  using 
rubber  bands,  L.  L  . 

This  extractor  can,  perhaps,  be  im- 
proved. Several  who  have  not  useil  it, 
and  therefore  speak  simply  from 
theory,  have  tried  to  do  so  and  failed. 
These  features,  however,  must  be  re- 
tained: 1.  A  strainer  insideof  a  honey- 
extractor;  2.  Two  outlets  through  the 
can,  one  for  the  strained  honey,  the 
other  for  the  ejection,  from  da}'  to  day, 
of  the  scum  which  accumulates;  3.  A 
portion  of  the  unstrained  honey  to 
reach  the  bottom  of  the  can  before 
straining,  this  to  enable  the  applica- 
tion of  artificial  heat  when  needed  to 
allow  the  main  portion  of  the  scum  to 
settle  on  the  bottom  of  the  extractor 
instead  of  the  strainer;  and,  lastly,  to 
allow  a  side-surface  as  well  as  top-sur- 
face through  which  the  honey  can 
strain. 

In  this  system  of  str;iining.  the  honey 
is  exposed  to  the  air  for  the  least  time, 
and  tlie  aroma  is  retained  if  the  honey 
is  at  once  stored  in  air-tight  vessels, 
which,  in  this  system,  it  can  be,  as  it 
is  strained  as  it  comes  from  the  extrac- 
tor.    In  straining  in  the  ordinary  way, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


45 


x>r  by  i^ravitation,  which  requires  stor- 
age-tanks, besiiles  the  added  work, 
aroma  is  lost  in  the  store-rooms  which 
ninety-nine  out  of  a  hundred  have,  and 
in  ordinary    climates    moisture    is  col- 


lected, and  germs  of  fermentation, 
which  are  always  floating-  about,  settle 
in  the  honey,  and  may  be  the  founda- 
tion for  trouble  at  a  future  time. 

Bkantkoki)  Ont  ,  Jan.  20,  1906. 


R.    G.    AIKIN. 


rr/HIS  subject  is  important.  I  g^o  so 
i  far  as  to  say  that  until  we  can 
"control  increase" — swarming',  for  I 
take  it  that  is  what  you  mean  —  we  are 
not  master  of  the  bees.  Until  we  mas- 
ter them  we  are  at  a  very  g^reat  dis- 
advantage. The  fact  is,  until  the 
apiarist  becomes  master  of  swarming, 
there  is  no  certainty  as  to  results  in 
anything,  except  at  too  great  cost  of 
time  and  labor. 

When  a  colony  is  just  strong  enough 
to  properly  handle  the  brood  chamber 
iind  one  super,  when  gathering  at  the 
rate  of  five  pounds  of  nectar  daily,  in 
steady  warm  days  and  nights,  we  will 
call  it  a  normal  or  fair  one.  Increase 
the  flow  a  little,  and  the  bees  will  use  a 
second  super.  Decrease  it,  and  the 
one  super  is  too  much;  they  will  flU  it 
if  the  flow  lasts  ^ono^  enough,  but  slow 
super-work  means  poor  finish  unless 
we  take  away  the  extra  room.  The 
problem  is  not  simply  to  get  the  bees 
into  the  super,  it  is  a  question  of  pro- 
portion,  always.  So,  as  the  flow  is 
slow  or  fast,  steady  or  intermittent, 
the  weather  cold  or  warm,  as  the  pro- 
portion of  fielders  is  to  the  nurse  bees, 
as  the  queen  is  young  or  old,  feeble  or 
vigorous;  so  will  results  change,  and 
any  change  in  the  relation  of  the  fac- 
tors necessarily  has  its  bearing  on  the 
work  being  done. 

You  see  how  utterly  impossible  it  is 
to  have  all  the  faptor^  right;  henpe,  w§ 


must  provide,  as  best  we  can,  against 
loss  by  the  weather  being  too  hot  or 
too  cold,  or  the  flow  being  free  slow,  or 
intermittent,  etc. 

Years  ago,  when  no  effort  was  made 
to  control  swarming,  and  when  few 
men  ever  undertook  to  keep  bees  in 
large  numbers,  then  we  were  careful 
to  watch  almost  daily  for  swarms;  also 
the  progress  made  in  the  supers,  so  as 
to  add  to  or  take  from  as  the  case  re- 
quired, such  as  slipping  out  a  full 
section  and  in  an  empty;  yes,  in  those 
days  we  did  get  some  fine  results. 
Such  methods  do  very  well  for  those 
who  have  a  few  colonies  only  for  recre- 
ative uses  or  to  study  the  bee,  but  when 
it  comes  to  using  the  bees  to  make  the 
most  out  of  them,  as  a  business,  it  is 
difl'erent.  Instead  of  being  a  servant, 
daily,  ministering  to  conditions  that 
are  ever  varying,  we  must  eliminate  as 
far  as  possible  those  hindrances — make 
conditions  that  are  least  afifected  by 
these  changes  or  irregularities.  The 
thing  that  seems  to  offer  by  all  odds 
the  greeitest  relief,  is  control  of  swariu- 
ing. 

THE    FACTOK.S    TH.VT  CONTKOf.    S\VARIV|- 
INQ. 

Bqt  when  we  go  at  the  control-probT 
lern,  vyhat  will  (Jo  it  one  place  or  time 
will  not  in  cvnother;  that  is  to  say, 
son^etiiries  we  have  present  factors  that 
}ea4   to   swarming-,  etc.,    tUat  are   not 


46 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


with  us  at  other  times.  Intensify  and 
add  to  the  factors  in  a  problem,  and 
you  increase  the  need  of  g-reater  effort 
to  control  and  guide  properly. 

That  fair  or  normal  colony,  spoken 
of  at  the  beginning-,  is  iust  about  right 
to  swarm  with  hot  weather  and  enough 
nectar  and  pollen  coming  in  to  load 
well  the  brood  nest.  If  they  just  fill 
up  the  brood  combs,  and  do  nothing  in 
the  super,  they  are  almost  sttre  to 
swarm  soon.  While  such  conditions 
prevail,  give  a  large  brood  nest,  large 
enough  to  hold  all  the  stores  coming, 
and  also  give  abundant  laying  room  to 
the  queen,  together  with  a  cool  comfort- 
able condition. 

That  laying  room  should  be  beneath 
the  present  brood  and  stores,  or  toward 
the  entrance— do  not  forget  this.  A 
large  brood  chamber  UP  and  down, 
not  wide,  used  as  above,  is  almost  a 
positive  preventative  of  swarming  until 
the  main  flow,  or  the  time  when  they 
will  do  super  work. 

THE  EFFECT  OF  ROOM  BENEATH  THE 
BROOD  NEST. 

Use  hives  large  up  and  down, 
8-frame  width,  and  two  stories  high. 
I  am  decidedly  partial  to  about  12  to  16 
L.  frame  capacity.  Use  this  large 
brood  chamber  up  to  the  time  the  flow 
starts  that  gives  your  surplus,  then 
divide,  massing  the  brood  in  one 
chamber  on  the  old  stand,  and  put 
your  super  on  this.  Take  the  other 
combs  with  the  queen  and  enough  bees 
to  care  "for  her  and  all  the  brood  pres- 
ent and  prospective",  to  a  new  location. 
Nine  or  ten  days  later  cut  out  all  cells 
but  one  in  the  queenless  colony  on  the 
old  stand.  This  for  a  strong  flow  and 
favorable  conditions  generally  for  good 
work.  The  old  stand  retains  the  field- 
bees  and  most  of  the  nurses  too. 
These  nurse-bees  will  soon  have  all  the 
brood  cared  for,  and  can  then  give 
their  time  to  wax,  and  to  ripening  and 
storing  nectar. 


FIRST,  GET   THE  BEES,  THEN  MASS   THEM 
WHERE   NEEDED. 

But  such  procedure  will  not  always 
give  enough  bees  to  the  supered  hive  on 
the  old  stand;  in  that  case,  unite  two, 
or  three  if  necessary,  massing  the 
combs  containing  the  most  brood,  to- 
gether with  the  bees,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  one  colony.  You  have  spent  the 
preceding  weeks  and  months  getting 
bees  to  do  business,  now,  when  the 
nectar  is  on  hand,  mass  those  bees  just 
where  you  want  them — be  sure  that 
you  do  7/iass  them,  and  you  won't  re- 
gret it.  'Tis  better  to  take  100  supers 
ofl"  50  of  these  massed  colonies,  than  to 
take  them  from  lOO  weaker  colonies 
where  they  will  not  be  so  well  done. 

This  makes  you  some  increase,  but 
you  have  controlled  swarming.  If  you 
do  not  want  the  increase,  just  double 
colonies  until  you  have  just  what  you 
do  want.  If  increase  is  wanted,  you 
can  have  it.  If  more  increase  than  this 
gives,  is  desired,  just  make  nuclei  by 
dividing  some  of  those  old  colonies  that 
are  put  upon  new  stands,  having  antic- 
ipated your  needs  by  having  cells  or 
queens  ready  for  them  as  soon  as  they 
are  ready  to  receive  them. 

MAKING  A  WISE  DIVISION. 

Supposing  you  have  a  second  or  late 
flow;  if  so,  this  management  is  par 
excellence.  Those  old  queens,  put  off 
to  new  stands,  and  robbed  of  field- 
workers,  are  not  crowded  out  of  laying 
room;  and,  finding  themselves  with 
limited  brood,  much  room  and  abun- 
dance of  feed,  will  just  spread  them- 
selves in  the  laying  of  eggs,  and  when 
the  next  flow  comes  you  have  rousing 
good  colonies  that  will  work  supers 
just  as  the}'  are  and  not  swarm.  In 
most  fields,  when  the  late  summer  or 
fall  flow  comes,  there  is  little  tendency 
to  swarm  no  matter  how  strong  the 
the  colonies.  I  estimate  that  the  ulti- 
mate laying  room  allowed  these  queens 
by  such  treatment,  gives  so  tnany  more 
bees,  that  if    there  is  a  fair  flow,  late, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


47 


j'ou  will  be  just  about  an  extra  case  of 
hone}'  per  colon}'  ahead  of  what  you 
could  have  had  by  retaining-  the  old 
queens  on  the  old  stands  where  they 
could  not  possibly  lay  freely.  A  queen 
cannot  do  much  business  brooding-  in  a 
colony  under  section  supers. 

APPLIANCES  VKRSUS  LABOR. 

You  may  object  that  this  requires 
extra  hives.  Well,  not  many;  but, 
what  if  it  does  ?  I  am  sure  the  extra 
room  in  the  brood  nest,  when  brooding- 
up  before  the  harvest,  will  give  enough 
more  bees  per  colony  to  gather  enough 
more  honey  in  one  fair  season  to  pay 
for  ever}'  extra  hive-body  needed. 
These  extra  bodies  cost  about  50  cents, 
new,  say  a  dollar,  by  the  time  they  are 
filled  with  comb;  half  a  case  of  honey 
will  pay  for  it.  Besides  this  you  have 
saved  time,  either  your  own  or  that  of 
hired  help,  because  you  have  become 
master  and  not  servant  to  the  bees. 

But,  if  you  wish  to  use  smaller  brood 
chambers  in  winter,  and  cellar  the 
bees,  you  can  still  make  good  use  of 
the  extra  bodies  by  putting  them  under 
the  ones  cellared,  doing  this  when 
they  begin  to  get  strong.  Have  each 
chamber  so  used,  full  of  dry,  or  nearly 
empty,  comb.  Always  p\it  this  e.xtra 
story  under  the  colony. 

If  you  must  draw  brood  and  make 
new  colonies  or  nuclei  to  keep  down 
swarming  before  the  flow,  you  need  the 
extras.  The  fact  is,  these  extras  are 
almost  a  necessity.  They  are  cheaper 
by  far  than  extra  help,  or  even  your 
own  labor.  Labor  is  the  most  expen- 
sive thing  in  our  business.  Put  into 
equipment  in  supplies,  what  you  now 
pay  for  labor  when  using  old  methods, 
and,  when  done,  you  have  your  sup- 
plies still  as  an  asset;  but  if  the  money 
goes  into  labor  ''Wsgone. 

We  must,  so  far  as  possible,  get  rid 
of  such  work  as  constant  watching  for 
cells,  examination  to  find  if  a  colony  is 
preparing  to  swarm,  together  with  any 
thing  else  that  keeps  one  in  a  state  of 
anxiety    and    uncertainty.       The    bees 


must  be  fixed  to  stay  fixed  until  we  are 
ready  to  return  for  more  fixing.  The 
double  brood  chamber  plan  gives  much 
brood  room  beneath,  and  toward  the 
entrance,  from  present  brood  and 
stores,  which,  in  itself,  is  almost  a 
sure  preventive  of  swarming  before  the 
harvest  flow;  gives  room  for  comfort- 
able clustering,  room  for  plenty  of 
feed-stores,  or  anything  coming  in, 
makes  easy  the  dividing  for  increase, 
in  fact,  simplifies  the  whole  business 
at  almost  no  cost  whatever,  for  they 
pay  for  themselves.  I,  therefore,  rec- 
ommend to  those  using  8-frame  hives, 
to  have  extra  bodies,  and,  at  all  times 
outside  of  the  harvest-flow,  to  use  them 
double.  By  a  thick  dummy  in  each 
chamber,  they  may  be  reduced  to  seven, 
or  even  six,  frames  to  the  chamber. 
And  with  any  double  or  divisible 
chamber  hive,  have  zinc,  slat,  honey 
boards  to  use  when  needed;  they  are  a 
great  convenience  and  help. 

THE      ADVANTAGE       OF       THE      DIVISIBLE 
BROOD   CHAMBER. 

To  users  of  the  Heddon  hive,  or  any 
similar  one,  control  of  swarming  and 
making  of  increase  and  all  the  whole 
business  is  made  easier  and  simplified. 
I  will  illustrate  by  telling  how  I  use  a 
divisible  chamber  hive.  Each  cham- 
ber is  5 '4  inches  deep,  12  wide  and 
16  1-16  inches  long,  8  frames  to  the 
body.  This  hive  used  in  two  sections 
gives  8-Iv-frame  room  and  capacity;  3 
of  them  gives  12,  and  4  of  them  16-L- 
frame  capacity.  They  are  to  be  used 
3  and  4  sections  for  a  brood  nest  at  all 
times  outside  of  the  harvest  flow,  when 
out-door  wintering  is  followed.  Never 
use  less  than  2  in  any  case  for  full 
colonies  (one  can  be  used  for  nuclei), 
and,  if  for  cellar  wintering,  2  after  the 
honey  flow  starts,  but  3  or  4  before  it 
if  needed  to  give  that  room  of  empty 
dry  comb  beneath  the  increasing  brood 
and  store  supply,  to  control  swarming. 

In  case  a  colony  has,  when  the  flow 
is  starting,  the  use  of  3  of  these  brood 
bodies,    but    has    shown    no    tendency 


48 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


whatever  to  swarm,  jnst  as  the  flozv 
starts,  put  next  the  bottom  board  the 
section  having  the  least  brood  in  it  (no 
matter  if  it  has  honey,  especially  un- 
sealed, if  sealed  stores,  better  to  break 
the  capping-s  on  most  of  it),  on  this  the 
one  having  the  next  least  amount  of 
brood,  and  have  the  queen  with  these 
two.  On  these  put  the  queen  excluder, 
and  next  a  super  (or  two  of  them  if  the 
number  of  bees,  weather,  temperature 
and  strength  of  flow  demand  it),  then 
on  top  of  all  put  the  third  chamber  con- 
taining the  most  brood.  If  the  queen 
is  not  found,  put  a  queen  excluder  also 
on  top  of  the  supers,  then,  at  the  next 
visit,  you  can  quickly  tell  where  she 
is  without  seeing  her.  If  she  is  in  the 
one  chamber  on  top,  she  has  not  done 
much  laying,  as  they  will  crowd  her 
out  of  business.  You  may  find  queen 
cells  in  both  top  and  bottom;  if  so,  take 
all  cells  from  the  two  lower  chambers 
and  put  the  queen  in  them,  and,  if  the 
supers  are  being  worked,  take  the  top 
brood  chamber  to  a  new  stand;  you 
cannot  possibly  find  anything  better  to 
make  a.  first -class  nucleus.  If  the  queen 
is  below  and  no  cells  there,  if  there  is 
still  empty  brood  comb  in  the  bottom 
section,  leave  them  as  they  are  below, 
but  take  oflf  the  section  above  the  su- 
pers to  be  used  for  nuclei,  for  strength- 
ening weak  colonies,  or  in  any  of  a 
number  of  ways  they  ma^y  be  easily 
utilized.  But  if  the  two  lower  bodies 
are  well  filled  with  brood,  put  under 
all  a  set  of  dry  combs  or  of  full  sheets 
of  foundation. 

Here  are  some  facts  to  remember:  A 
sectional  brood  chamber  hive,  used  as 
before  described,  always  keeping  empty 
comb  below,  will  get  as  much  and  as 
well  finished  section  honey  in  a  12-  to 
16-frame  brood  chamber  capacity,  as 
can  be  done  otherwise  with  an  8-frame 
chamber  brood  nest.  The  reason  is 
simple  and  natural;  it  is  empty  comb 
below,  brood  and  honey  next,  and 
honey  stored  above  the  brood.  If  per- 
chance the  flow   is   very   free,  and   the 


empty  comb  below  (next  the  floor  and 
entrance)  should  be  filled  with  honey, 
the  very  first  lull  in  business  it  is 
moved  up;  and  such  a  condition  is  a 
blessing,  for  the  super-room  does  not 
need  to  be  kept  so  large  in  anticipa- 
tion, so  less  unfinished  honey,  and  the 
moving  up  goes  on  after  the  flow  has 
ceased. 

GETTING    COMB    HONEY     FROM    A     WEAK 
COLONY. 

I  have  taken  weak  colonies  that,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  harvest,  did  not 
occupy  two  sections  of  this  hive  (8  L 
frame  capacity),  put  the  queen  in  the 
bottom  one,  on  mostly  empty  comb, 
over  her  an  excluder,  and  on  this  a 
super  of  sections,  then,  above  all,  the 
other  brood  section.  Enough  bees 
stay  below  with  the  queen  (she  should 
have  a  little  brood  with  her,  if  none  in 
her  chamber,  put  in  some  comb)  to 
keep  her  in  business,  the  super  is  oc- 
cupied and  worked,  and  there  is  not 
the  least  danger  of  swarming.  In  a 
few  days,  when  more  bees  have  hatched 
and  super-work  has  started,  take  the 
brood  from  above  and  place  it  below 
the  super.  Such  colonies  would  not 
otherwise  have  worked  a  super,  but 
would  most  likely  have  swarmed  a 
little  late.  This  heads  ofl"  swarming, 
gets  super  honey,  and  leaves  the  col- 
ony in  prime  condition.  If  they  seem 
to  increase  fast,  and  there  is  danger  of 
swarming,  put  beneath  a  set  of  dry 
combs  to  occupy  the  queen's  attention; 
it  won't  stop  super-work  but  will  pre- 
vent swarming  if  the  fever  is  not  on 
alreadj'  and  cells  started. 

In  all  these  manipulations  an  ex- 
cluder is  important.  You  must  be 
master.  Where  3'ou  put  a  queen  there 
she  must  stay.  When  you  do  not  know 
where  she  is,  and  no  cells  are  present, 
use  the  excluder,  and,  the  next  trip, 
you  can  know  very  quickly  where  she 
is. 

Clip  every  queen  earl3',  before  the 
bees  get  too  numerous;  then,  if,  per- 
chance, you  do  make  a  slip  or  miscal- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


49 


dilation  here  and  there,  the  next  trip 
reveals  the  fact,  but  you  have  not  lost  a 
swarm.  Clipping-  is  a  splendid  precau- 
tionarj'  measure;  and  helps  to  keep 
track  of  the  ag^e  of  the  queens. 

BKK-K(CKP£MG  A   KAMCIDOSCOPK. 

Now,  Mr.  Kditor,  there  are  hives  and 
hives,  methods  and  methods,  and  a 
great  multita  le  of  variatio.is  in  locali- 
ties and  seasons.  This  bee  business  is 
a  kaleidoscope;  change  one  factor  and 
alt  is  different.  Uut,  while  this  is 
true,  principles  do  not  change  What 
bees  will  do  in  Michigan  they  vv-ill  do 
in  Colorado,  or  anywhere  under  litie 
conditions.  The  first  thing  for  iiny 
prospective  bee-keeper  to  do  is  to  learn 
principles,  then  the  application  can  be 
attained  by  various  rjutes  or  methods 

I  have  pointed  out  some  principles 
and  a  way,  or  ways,  of  applying-  them. 


The  man  who  has  not  the  capacitj',  or 
the  willingness,  or  the  means,  to  put  in 
practice  these  principles,  will  not  suc- 
ceed. Swarming  can  be  controlled. 
Various  fields,  seasons,  or  climates, 
need  var3'ing-  d^^grees  of  effort  to  give 
and  keep  control,  but  when  the  factors 
are  known,  each  apiarist  must  apply 
them  to  suit  conditions  and  environ- 
ments. 

Paste  these  in  your  hat:  1st.  Larg^e 
brood  chamber  roo  n  and  sufficient 
stores  at  all  times  outside  of  the  har- 
vest flow.  2nd.  During  the  flow, 
plenty  of  empty  or  available  brood 
room  beneath  the  queen  with  store 
room  above.  3rd.  Keep  the  colony 
comfortable  always  in  the  swarming- 
season,  so  far  as  room  and  ventilation 
can  do  it. 

LovELAND,  Colo.,  Jan.  11,  1906. 


Editor  to  Av©Mo 


E.    D.    TOWNSEND. 


"  T7VER  since  going  into  Northern 
-1^^  ^Michigan  I  hiive  had  a  long-ing 
to  have  an  apiary  in  that  part  of  the 
State,  ■"  *  ■••'  I  would  like  to  go 
somewhere  in  the  region  where  you 
are.  There  are  yourself,  Kirkpatrick, 
Chapman,  Bartlctt,  etc.,  who  are  in  a 
good  bee  country,  and  I  would  like  to 
be  a  neighbor  to  some  of  3'ou,  without 
at  the  same  time  encroaching  upon  oc- 
cupied territory." 

The  above  is  an  extract  from  a  letter 
written  to  me  by  the  editor  of  the  Re- 
view, under  date  of  Oct.  16,  1905;  and 
I  think  I  voice  the  sentiment  of  the  bee- 
keepers of  Northern  Michigan,  when  I 
saj' he  is  welcometo  establish  apiaries 
in  our  beautiful  part  of  the  State;  espe- 
cially, when  he  comes  in  the  spirit  ex- 


pressed in  the  above  extract;  and  we, 
"in  this  neck  of  the  woods,"  will  very 
closely  watch  each  step  of  progress 
that  he  makes,  in  this  new  venture. 

OBJECTIONS   TO    CROWDING    THK    HIVES 
AND  PUTTING  THEM  IN  LONG  ROWS. 

In  opening-  the  Review  for  December, 
the  first  to  ciitch  my  eye,  was  the  Re- 
view-apiary of  104  colonies,  and  m\' 
first  thoug-ht  was  that  the  ed'tor  had 
brought  his  bees  home,  preparatory  to 
putting  them  into  the  cellar,  and  had 
unloaded  them  all  in  a  bunch,  and 
then  photographed  them;  but  after 
reading  his  description,  I  saw  this 
was  all  the  room  the  104  colonies  had 
during  the  season.  They  do  not  ap- 
pear to  occupy  over  four  square  rods  of 


50 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


ground.  This  crowding-  will  do  verj^ 
well  as  long  as  we  buy  our  queens,  but 
just  as  soon  as  we  begin  to  have  queens 
mated,  trouble  begins.  It  does  not 
matter  much  about  the  workers  mingl- 
ing together,  but  it  is  all  off  when  a 
young  queen  returns  to  the  wrong  hive. 
We  had  this  point  brought  out  very 
forcibly  at  the  Kalkaska  yard  this 
year,  where  200  colonies  were  kept  on 
four  terraces,  about  5o  colonies  in  a 
row,  without  any  particular  land- 
marks to  guide  the  young  queens  home. 
The  consequences  were  that  we  lost 
one  fourth  of  our  young  queens  at  this 
yard,  and  only  about  five  per  cent,  at 
our  other  yards. 

WHAT    MAY    BE    GAINED    FROM    OyTSIDE 
PROTECTION. 

The  editor  asks  to  have  his  mistakes 
pointed  out.  Mistake  No.  1,  is  in  not 
selecting  a  more  sheltered  location  for 
the  Review-apiary  next  spring;  and  it 
is  a  very  serious  mistake.  To  illus- 
trate: Mr.  Geo.  H.  Kirkpatrick.  of 
Rapid  City,  Michigan,  has  an  apiary 
at  his  home  that  has  just  about  the 
same  protection,  I  should  judge,  as 
the  pin-hole  photo,  shows  that  the 
Review-apiary  will  have — ratherchilly. 
Mr.  Kirkpatrick's  bees  were  all 
wintered  in  the  same  cellar,  and  were 
the  same  in  Majs  when,  without  any 
care  in  selection,  about  one-half,  were 
moved  to  a  more  protected  location. 
The  results  were,  with  pasturage 
about  the  same,  tliat  the  protected 
yard,  produced  one  S-ftarne  7ipper  story, 
more,  per  colony,  then  the  unprotected 
yard.  This  lack  of  out-side  protec- 
tion has  cost  nie  more  bees,  and  of 
course,  more  honey,  than  any  other  one 
thing  in  bee-keeping;  as  it  has  only 
been  a  few  years  since  I  have  realized 
its  importance.  There  are  dollars  in 
it,  so,  when  locating  in  Northern  Mich- 
igan, select  a  sheltered  nook  for  the 
bees  to  occupy. 

A  HIVE  STAND   !■  OR  TWO    HIVES. 

Then,  iinother  thing,  when  you  begin 
to  count  your  colonies  by  the  hundred, 


yon  will  not  think  of  using  your  little 
blocks  under  each  hive,  for  a  stand. 
Make  a  stand  out  of  four  pieces  of  2  x  4; 
two  pieces  four  feet  long,  and  two 
16  inches  long;  spiking  the  two  long 
pieces  to  the  short  ones.  This  will 
make  a  rim  four  feet  long,  and  20 
inches  wide,  which  is  large  enough 
for  two  colonies.  These  long  stands 
level  upeasierthan  single  stands;  and, 
when  level,  they  stay  to  their  place 
almost  indefinitely,  while  the  4-block 
stand  will  need  almost  constant  tinker- 
ing to  keep  it  level.  Just  as  soon  as 
3'ou  begin  to  keep  large  numbers  of 
bees,  you  will  begin  to  cut  all  the  cor- 
ners possible. 

One  of  the  ivisest  things  the  editor 
has  done,  is  to  discard  the  eight-frame, 
for  the  ten-frame  size  of  hive,  for  out- 
3'ards,  to  be  run  for  extracted  honey. 

MOVING  FULL  COLONIES  IN  THE  SPRING. 

Under  the  head  of  preparing  full 
colonies  for  shipment,  he  saj^s  he  will 
draw  off  quite  a  per  cent,  of  the  flying 
force  before  shipment,  and  the  full 
colonies  will  each  have  an  empty  upper 
story  placed  above,  the  top  of  this 
upper  story  being  covered  with  wire 
cloth.  Now,  I  am  quite  certain  that 
this  e.xtra  empty  story  above  is  notnec- 
essar}',  during  May,  especiall}'  after 
drawing  off  the  flying  force  as  pro- 
posed; and  those  upper  stories  will  be 
needed  for  crating  the  surplus  frames; 
as  these  ought  to  be  all  ready  nailed 
up,  and  wired;  but  donH  put  the 
foundation  in  the  frames  before  ship- 
ment, as  it  will  not  stand  shipment. 

Remus,  Mich.,  Jan.  .^.  1905. 

[I  agree  with  all  that  Bro.  Town- 
send  sa3's  in  regard  to  the  necessity 
for  having  hives  scattered  and  a  dis- 
tinctive character  given  to  the  location 
of  each  hive,  where  queens  are  to  be 
mated.  I  learned  this  most  thoroughl3f 
when  engaged  in  rearing  queens  for 
the  market.  The  more  scattered  the 
nuclei,    and    the    more    odd^  their   ar- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


51 


ranj;;"ement,  the  less  the  loss  of  queens. 
Where  I  lived  at  the  time  I  was  en- 
gag^ed  in  commercial  queen  rearing, 
the  shop  stood  within  two  rods  of  the 
house,  and  the  nuclei  were  irregularly 
scattered  around  these  two  buildings 
wliicli  made  the  best  of  land  marks. 
Then  there  was  occasionally  ^i  small 
tree.  The  loss  of  queens  in  mating 
was  very  small,  indeed.  With  ni}' 
apiary  arranged  as  I  am  to  have  it  an- 
other season,  I  expect  to  so  manage  as 
to  have  the  queens  mated  in  the  hives 
standing  at  the  ends  of  rows.  I  don't 
remember  as  I  ever  lost  a  queen  from 
a  hive  standing  at  the  end  of  a  row. 
One  more  point:  I  doubt  if  the  distance 
apart  that  hives  stand  has  so  much 
bearing  upon  this  question,  as  does 
the  arrangement. 

I  presume  that  Mr.  Townsend  is  en- 
tirely correct  regarding  the  advan- 
tages of  having  an  apiary  located  in  a 
sheltered  nook.  Mr.  J.  E.  Crane  told 
us,  in  the  Review,  not  long  ago.  of  an 
apiary  that  gave  such  poor  results  that 
he  seriously  contemplated  moving  it  to 
another  part  of  the  countr3',  but  a  move 
of  only  40  rods,  to  a  more  sheltered  lo- 
cation, changed  results  most  radically 
for  the  better.  "By  the  waj',  this  loca- 
tion that  I  have  all  in  readiness  for 
use  next  spring  is  not  to  be  a  perma- 
nent location;  the  coming  season  is 
probably  as  long  as  I  shall  keep  bees 
on  that  spot,  but  sheltered  nooks,  in 
the  suburbs  of  a  city,  near  one's  home, 
are  not  always  to  be  found.  I  believe 
I  have  my  e3'e  upon  a  spot  that  is  al- 
most ideal  in  this  respect,  and  it  is  not 
far  from  my  home,  and,  if  I  should 
continue  to  maintain  an  apiary  here  in 
Flint,  as  I  probabl3-  shall,  as  it  is  an 
ideal  clover  location,  I  shall  probably 
buj'  the  lot,  and  build  a  cellar  and 
shop,  or  honey  house.  I  would  like  to 
have  two  or  three  apiaries  in  the  rasp- 
berry- region,  one  here  at  home  in  the 
clover  countr3%  and  then  one  or  two  in 
a  buckwheat  Count3-  in  the  State,  upon 
which    I    have    had  my    eye    for    some 


time — but  this  is  certainly  building 
castles  in  the  air.  However,  ever3'- 
thing  must  be  Hrst  formed  in  the  imagi- 
nation before  it  can  be  made  a  reality. 
The  pin-hole  photograph,  and  the 
lack  of  more  explicit  description,  have 
led  Bro.  Townsend  into  the  error  of 
supposing  that  I  intended  to  mount 
each  hive  upon  four  stakes  or  blocks, 
which  is  not  the  case.  My  hive-stand 
so  far  has  been  simply  two  strips  of 
hemlock.  2x2  inches  and  as  long  as 
the  hive  is  wide.  One  strip  is  jdaced 
under  the  front  end  of  the  hive  and  one 
under  the  back  end.  In  la3'ing  out  the 
ground,  a  piece  of  section  hone3'  box 
was  stuck  into  the  ground  at  each  cor- 
ner of  where  a  hive  was  to  stand,  then 
these  hemlock  blocks  laid  down  be- 
tween the  slakes,  and  leveled  up,  but 
the3'  are  so  nearl3'  the  color  of  the  dead 
grass  that  they  scarcely'  show.  I  have 
never  used  two  colonies  upon  one  stand, 
and  don't  know  how  I  should  like  it.  I 
have  alwa3's  imagined  that  the  manip- 
ulation of  one  colony  would  disturb 
the  other,  with  the  result  that  it  would 
be  resented.  However,  this  ma3'  be 
mostly  in  my  imagination;  and,  even  if 
a  reality,  the  objection  might  be  over- 
come b3^  giving  both  colonies  a  little 
smoke  before  commencing  operations. 
Aside  from  the  fact  that  a  double  stand 
can  be  made  a  little  more  cheapl3'  than 
two  single  stands,  and  that  the  other 
hive  affords  a  table  upon  which  lo  set 
down  the  smoker,  or  any  other  tools,  I 
fail  to  see  an3'  advantage  in  the  double 
stand.  Yes,  Bro.  Townsend  says  that 
such  a  stand  will  stay  level  longer 
without  an3'  tinkering  than  is  the  case 
with  a  single  stand,  and  it  seems  rea- 
sonable. The  same  space  of  land  will 
accommodate  more  colonies,  which,  in 
some  instances  would  be  a  decided  ad- 
vantage. 

I  presume  my  critic  is  correct  again 
when  he  says  that  colonies  from  which 
most  of  the  dying  force  had  been 
drained  the  last  of  May  might  be 
shipped  in  safetj^  without  ])lacing  anj' 


52 


THE   BEE-KEEPEKS*   REVIEW 


upper  story  over  each  colon}';  but  the 
putting  on  of  these  upper  stories  does 
no  harm.  It  does  not  increase  the  ven- 
tilation, but  it  does  allow  the  bees 
liberty  to  get  off  the  combs  if  they  so 
desire,  while  it  does  not  prevent  their 
remaining  upon  the  combs  if  that  is 
their  wish.  In  other  words,  they  will 
do  no  harm,  and  may  do  good,  especi- 
ally if  a  very  hot  spell  of  weather 
should  come  on,  as  is  sometimes  the 
case  at  that  time  of  the  year.     As  two 


empty  stories  are  to  be  shipped  for 
each  colony  that  goes,  one  of  these 
stories  will  hold  three-fourths  of  the 
empty  frames  and  the  other  one-fourth 
can  be  placeil  in  the  story  that  goes 
over  the  bees,  and  be  held  in  place  at 
one  side  of  the  hive,  by  strips  tacked 
over  their  ends.  I  am  much  obliged 
for  the  information  in  regard  to  not 
not  putting  in  the  foundation  before 
shipment,  as  I  might  have  done  that 
very  thing. — Ed.  Review.] 


*»,«*^^*»^»^*^>^B^»^»^fc'B^»-*^^^*««.«^rf«.**  li^U**^^."»Ji»^*^^**,»*^'*^^^^^^^B^»-»^^*^fc>i*^'fc^^^M>ni^'fc^1^*»^1i'»^^»»i^M^'^fc»^* 


s 


.  '^m.^K^*.  tf-mPliP^'  » 


"it»'fc»%»«^«^^«^rf«  »^M^'»^^» . ^i*.-**" ««^«,<^«'»  »;■»*»»»»» A* ^rf*ir« •  «jr^*^<««'«.*'k 


This  Issue  ot  the  Review  is  unusually 
late,  because  we  dropped  tvery thing  to 
get  out  the  annual  report  of  the  Na- 
tional Bee  Keepers'  Association.  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  subscribers  will  par- 
don this  delay,  as  the  annual  conven- 
tion was  held  so  late  that  it  made  the 
report  late,  and  members  were  impa- 
tient of  the  delay.  By  the  way,  the  re- 
port this  year  is  of  unusual  value — con- 
tains a  lot  of  really  useful,  helpful 
information.  If  you  are  not  a  member, 
I  would  suggest  that  you  send  $1.00  to 
the  manager,  N.  E.  France,  Platte- 
ville.  Wis.,  and  thus  become  a  member 
for  one  year,  as  well  as  receiving  a 
copy  of  the  rei)ort. 

Editor  of  Review  Does  Not  Endorse 
Mining  Stock 
A  year  or  two  ago,  having  full  faith 
in  Dr.  W.  B.  House  and  his  "Yellow- 
zones,"  I  furnished  him  a  list  of  bee- 
keepers to  whom  he  sent  circulars. 
A  few  months  ago,  on  account  of  the 
ill  health  of  his  daughter,  he  moved  to 
Oberlin,  Ohio,  and  has  since  engaged 
in  selling  tlie  shares  of  a  Western 
Mining  Compan}',  sending  out  circu- 
lars to  the  list  of  bee-keepers  that  I 
had  furnished  him.  He  also  enclosed 
"Yellowzone"     circulars,      some     of 


which  bore  my  recommendations. 
Since  then  I  have  received  numerous 
letters  asking  if  I  endorse  the  mining 
stock  as  well  as  the  medicine,  the  in- 
ference being  that,  if  I  endorsed  the 
doctor  and  his  medicine,  there  was  an 
implied  endorsement  of  the  mining 
stock.  In  explanation  I  would  sa}' 
that  while  I  have  perfect  confidence  in 
the  Integrit}'  of  Dr.  House,  I  have  no 
personal  knowledge  of  the  mining 
stock  that  he  is  selling,  and  do  not  en- 
dorse it,  and  the  doctor  writes  that  he 
did  not  expect  that  view  would  be 
taken  of  the  matter. 

Using  Wires  in  Brood  Frames  Without  Em- 
bedding Them. 
Unless  swarms  are  to  be  hived  upon 
full  sheets  of  foundation,  is  it  really 
necessary  to  embed  the  wires  ?  Sup- 
pose that  the  sheet  of  foundation  is 
woven  in  between  the  wires,  that  is, 
passed  under  the  tirst  wire,  over  the 
next,  under  the  next,  and  over  the  last, 
then  securely  fastened  to  the  top  bar, 
will  not  the  bees  extend  the  cells  out 
over  the  wires,  thus  doing  the  embed- 
ding themselves?  Perhaps  this  is  not 
exactly  the  form  in  which  to  put  the 
questions,  as  we  all  know  that  the  bee>^ 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


53 


will  ilo  exactly'  this  thiny,  but  the  point 
is,  will  it  answer  the  purposes  for 
which  wires  are  used,  aside  from  that 
of  sajri^-insj  when  swarms  are  hived 
upon  full  sheets  of  foundation?  If  I 
were  going'  to  have  full  sheets  of  me- 
dium brood  foundation  drawn  out  be- 
tween other  combs  in  established  col- 
onies, I  would  not  need  to  wire  the 
frames  to  prevent  sagging,  but  I  want 
the  wires  to  support  the  combs  when 
extracting  the  honey  while  the  combs 
are  new,  or  if  colonies  are  to  be 
shipped  or  moved  about  the  countr3'. 
I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  an}'^  of  ni}' 
subscribers  who  have  had  experience 
along  this  line,  or  from  anv'one  who 
has  any  suggestions  to  offer. 


*^««««,M^^*^*« 


We  Will  Have  Over  400  Colonies  in  (he 
Raspberry  Regions  of  Michigan. 

How  the  flow  of  events,  one  following 
so  quickly  upon  the  heels  of  another, 
sometimes  changes  our  plans.  Six 
months  £igo  I  had  no  idea  that  I  should 
have  any  bees  in  Northern  Michigan 
the  coming  season.  I  thought  I  might 
have  in  a  year  or  two;  but  repeated 
visits  to  that  region,  and  consultations 
with  men  owning  bees  in  that  locality, 
finallj'  led  me  to  the  decision  that  I 
would  establish  an  apiary  there  the 
coming  season.  I  had  not  much  more 
than  out-lined  my  plans  in  the  Decem- 
ber Review,  than  I  received  a  letter 
from  Mr.  W.  E.  Forbes,  of  Plainwell, 
Michigan,  saying  that  he  would  like  to 
put  an  apiary  in  that  region  if  he 
could  find  some  good  man  to  run  it. 
Like  a  flash,  it  came  to  me  that  /  might 
just  as  well  care  for  200  colonies  as  for 
100,  and  I  entered  into  correspondence 
with  Mr.  Forbes;  finallj'  made  him  a 
visit,  and  now  have  a  contract  to  man- 
age 100  colonies  of  bees  for  him,  on 
shares,  for  three  years,  in  Northern 
Michigan,  and  will  move  them  up  there 
in  the  spring. 

On  my  way  home  from  Plainwell,  I 
stopped   at  Jackson,   and   attended  the 


IMichigan  State  conven'ion.  There  I 
met  my  friend,  Fred  B.  Cavanagh,  of 
Missaukee  County,  who  has  nearly 
completed  a  course  in  mechanical  en- 
gineering at  the  Agricultural  College, 
but  is  now  assistant  superintendent  at 
at  the  Jackson  Gas  Co.,  with  a  pros- 
pect of  some  day  becoming  superin- 
tendent, at  a  tempting  salary',  and 
who  has  over  300  colonies  of  bees 
which  he  was  intending  to  move  into 
the  raspberry-  region  the  coming  sea- 
son (having  moved  part  of  them  last 
fall)  and  he  probably  would  have  taken 
this  step  had  not  the  Gas  Co.  captured 
him.  The  problem  was,  what  to  do 
with  the  bees.  He,  too,  wanted  to 
find  some  man  to  work  them  on  shares. 
I  took  this  matter  under  consideration, 
slept  on  it,  and  then  took  his  bees,  too, 
and  am  to  move  the  rest  of  them  north 
in  the  spring. 

Some  of  you  may  wonder  how  I  am 
g-oing  to  manage  so  man3'  bees.  Well, 
I'll  tell  you.  My  brother  Ehner,  who 
has  three  boys,  nearly,  if  not  quite, 
man-grown,  is  going  to  move  into 
Northern  Michigan  in  the  spring,  and 
he  and  his  boys,  advised  and  assisted 
by  myself  will  manage  these  bees  to  a 
T.  Elmer  was  with  me  three  years 
when  he  first  took  up  bee-keeping,  and 
has  kept  bees  ever  since  in  connection 
with  farming;  now  he  is  going  to  drop 
farming  and  make  a  specialty  of  bee- 
keeping. 

Seeing  that  we  are  to  have  so  man3^ 
bees  in  the  raspberrj'  regions,  and  that 
it  will  be  quite  a  job  to  move  them  all 
up  there,  I  shall  keep  my  own  bees 
here  at  home  this  year,  and  work  them 
for  extracted  hone}' — perhaps  sell  a 
few  colonies  in  the  spring — see  adver- 
tising columns.  This  will  enable  me 
to  have  bees  in  two  widely  different 
localities — one  clover,  und  one  rasp- 
berry. 

-Ml  of  our  successes  and  failures  will 
be  told  of  in  the  Review,  that  others 
maj'  profit  thereby. 


54 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


ADULTERATION  STORIES. 


To  What  Extent  do  They  Effect  the  Sale 
of  Honey  ? 

There  has  been  a  great  deal  said  and 
written  about  the  sale  of  honey  being 
greatly  lessened  by  the  stories  about 
its  adulteration,  and  it  may  be  well  to 
at  least  consider  another  view  of  the 
matter.  Mr.  G.  M.  Doolittlc,  in  Glean 
ings,  in  one  of  those  '"conversations" 
of  his,  brings  np  one  phase  of  the  mat- 
ter that  has  not  received  much  atten- 
tion.    Here  is  what  he  says: 

"Say,  Doolittle." 

"Yes,  Clark." 

"You  remember  that  qiiestion  from 
the  question-box  at  Syracuse  before 
the  Onondaga  Co.  Bee  Convention  of 
three  days  ago,  regarding  hoi  ey  sell- 
ing slowly  this  fall  and  winter  ?" 

"Yes." 

"What  was  the  conclusion  in  the 
matter?  I  had  to  come  away  before 
the  discussion  had  fairly  comnenced." 

"I  could  not  stay  until  the  discussion 
was  ended;  but  one  of  the  ideas  that  was 
advanced  was  that  adulteration  had 
largely  to  do  with  the  matter,  in  that 
it  made  the  common  people  suspicious 
of  all  honey :  consequently  tt.ere  was 
an  under-consumption  of  our  product 
through  this  suspicion." 

"Do  you  believe  that  ?" 

"I  do  believe  that  there  is  an  under- 
consumption of  honej',  and  quite  agree 
with  the  idea  brought  out — that,  with 
less  than  half  a  crop  of  honey  in  the 
United  States  tbe  past  year,  honej' 
rarely  ever  sold  as  slowly  as  it  has 
been  doing  for  the  past  three  months." 

"Yes,  that  part  I  agree  with.  But 
do  }'ou  think  that  the  cause  is  the  adul- 
teration of  honey,  or,  rather,  that  there 
are  stories  in  circulation  to  the  effect 
that  honey  is  largely  adulterated  ?" 

"I  think  that  this  may  have  some- 
thing to  do  with  the  matter.  Don't 
you?" 

"Do  you  remember  when  there  was 
such  a  great  cry  a  few  years  ago  in 
the  agricultural  papers  about  oleomar- 
garine, and  how  the  markets  would  be 
ruined  for  butter,  and  the  dairymen 
out  of  employment,  unless  the 
thing  was  stopped  ?" 

"Yes,  I  remember  how  the  papers 
were   filled    with    the    subject    of  oleo- 


margarine, and  about  the  great  in- 
jury it  was,  and  would  likely  become, 
unless  there  was  some  law  passed  re- 
garding the  matter." 

"Well,  did  the  oleomargarine  matter 
cause  butter  to  sell  more  slowly  ?" 

"But  there  was  a  law  passed  that 
caused  oleomargarine  to  be  sold  for 
what  it  was,  and  not  for  butter." 

"Correct.  But  was  there  an  under 
consumption  of  butter  during  the  oleo- 
margarine scare  ?" 

"I  do  not  fully  remember." 

"If  you  will  study  up  I  think  3'oii 
will  find  that  there  was  no  less  butter 
on  the  tables  in  the  homes  and  hotels 
of  the  country  during  those  times  than 
there  was  before  or  since,  in  propor- 
tion to  the  means  with  which  the  peo- 
ple had  to  purchase.  So  far  as  my 
memory  serves  me,  the  cry  of  adulter- 
ated butter  cut  no  figure  as  to  making 
the  people  use  less  butter." 

"That  is  something  I  had  not 
thought  about  in  my  reasoning  that 
the  adulteration  scare  had  to  do  with 
a  lack  in  the  call  for  honey." 

"Then  look  at  the  liquor  business. 
All  admit  that  the  larger  share  of 
the  whiskey  drank  is  adulterated  with 
the  rankest  poison,  and  some  of  it  to 
such  an  extent  that  there  is  little  if  any 
pure  whiskey  about  it.  Yet  statistics 
tell  us  that  the  consumption  of  liquors, 
per  capita,  is  greater  today  then  it 
ever  was  before.  Does  the  cry  of  adul- 
terated liquors  cause  a  slowness  of 
their  sale  ?" 

"If  you  state  the  case  correctly,  it 
would  seem  seem  not." 

"It  looks  to  me  that  this  laying  of 
the  trouble  of  a  lack  of  an  energetic 
call  for  our  honey  to  an  adulteration 
scare  is  far  fetched,  and  that  it  is  not 
a  reasonable  ground  for  such  bee-keep- 
ers as  Doolittle,  House,  Betsinger, 
Kinyon — yea,  and  the  bee  papers  gen- 
erally to  take.  Facts  in  other  matters 
show  that  the  cry  of  adulteration  does 
not  scare  consumers  of  other  products 
quite  so  easil}'. " 

"Aren't  you  coming  out  pretty 
strongly  in  this  matter  ?" 

"Possibly  so;  but  I  like  to  see  people 
reasonable  in  the  position  they  take — 
3'es,  more;  I  like  to  have  them  dig 
deep  enough  into  a  thing  to  know  for 
certain  whereof  they  iiltirm  before  they 
make  an  assertion  " 

"Without  stopping  to  argue  further 
along  the  adulteration  line,  allow  me 
to  ask  how  you  account  for  this  slow_ 
ness  in   sale  of    our   honey;  for  we    al 


"itHE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


^5 


admit  that  there  is  not  tiie   demand  for 
honey  which  we  wish  there  was." 

"Simply  on  thej^-round  that  the  R-reat 
mass  of  our  people  do  not  consider 
honey  as  somethins^  wliich  it  is  neces- 
sary that  themselves  or  their  families 
have.  In  other  words,  the  desire  for 
honey  is  uot  so  great  as  it  is  for  butter, 
whiskey,  tobacco,  etc.  Their  butter 
they  must  have  or  the  dinner  is  not 
worth  eating-.  The  whiskey  they  umst 
iiave,  even  if  it  means  sorrow,  ruin 
and  crime  to  themselves,  their  families, 
the  nation,  and  the  world.  Their  to- 
bacco they  must  use,  even  if  their 
clothes  are  ragged  and  their  shoes  are 
out  at  the  end  of  their  toes;  and  the  tea- 
drinking  habit  must  be  indulged  in 
whether  there  is  any  hone.v  on  the  taV)le 
or  not.  ■" 

"]5ut  don't  3'ou  think  that  we  could 
educate  the  people  to  a  point  where 
they  would  consider  honey  of  as  much 
a  necessity  to  them  as  tea,  and  the 
things  you  have  mentioned  ?" 
"No,  never.'' 
"Why  not  ?" 

"Because  when  j'ou  get  them  edu- 
cated, and  the  time  comes  from  strait- 
ened circumstances  that  they  must  re- 
trench, they,  never  retrench  in  favor  of 
honey.  Did  3-ou  ever  know  of  a  family 
giving  np  their  butter,  sug-ar,  tea,  or 
tobacco  for  honey?  And  even  without 
the  straitened  circumstances,  after  once 
having  honey,  and  knowing  of  its  good- 
ness, nany  families  which  I  know  of 
tell  me  that  they  can  make  a  good 
syrup  for  their  buckwheat  cakes,  a 
sj'rup  that  answers  all  purposes,  and 
that  at  a  cost  of  less  than  one-half  of 
what  they  have  to  pay  me  for  my 
honey.  AH  other  families  which  I 
know  of  will  bu3'  honey  of  me  if  I  go 
person all3'  and  press  it  on  them  each 
3-ear,  but  will  never  come  to  me  or  an3' 
other  bee-keeper  after  it.  But  the3' 
would  go  miles  and  miles  after  their 
tea,  tobacco,  sugar,  and  butter,  with 
honey  right  at  their  next  door,  before 
the3'  would  use  hone3-  as  a  substitute 
for. either, " 

"  Well,  3'Ou  are  advancing  some  new 
thoughts — thoughts  that  are,  perhaps, 
well  worth  thinking  over.  But  in  your 
ground  there  is  ver3'  little  hope.  Is 
there  no  remed3'  ?" 
"  I  see  only  one. " 
"  What  is  that  ?" 

"  I>et  the  bee-keeper  stop  putting-  the 
rosy  side  of  apiculture  before  the  pub- 
lic all  the  time,  thus  putting-  more  bee- 
keepers into  our  already  overstocked 
honey-field.       Give    the    truth    or     the 


thing  as  it  is  and  make  the  question  of 
more  or  better  bee-keepers  the  promi- 
nent one  for  a  while.  Then  with  fewer 
and  better  bee-keepers  as  a  basis,  add 
a  goodly  lot  of  energy  spent  in  a  house- 
to-house  canvass  each  year  with  our 
hone3',  perhaps  we  who  are  in  it  may 
be  able  to  hold  on  and  make  a  living 
out  of  bees.  What  do  you  think  of  the 
proposition  ?  " 

"This  is  a  little  new  to  me,  and  I 
wish  a  little  time  to  think  over  the  mat- 
ter. Meanwhile  I  will  give  your  ideas 
to  the  readers  of  Gleanings,  and  let 
them  do  some  thinking-  with  us,  for  'in 
the  multitude  of  counselors  there  is 
wisdom."  " 

That  hone3'  is  a  luxury,  especially 
when  used  as  a  table  sauce,  must  be 
admitted  by  all.  This  is  the  reason 
why  the  price  does  not  go  up  when 
there  is  a  short  crop.  People  have 
been  accustomed  to  paying-  about  so 
much  for  it,  and  won't  pay  much  more 
—they  will  go  without  it  first.  It  is 
not  so  with  potatoes,  or  butter,  or  any 
of  the  necessities  of  life — we  must  have 
these  regardless  of  the  price,  or  of  the 
stories  about  olemargarine  being  sold 
for  the  latter.  The  consumption  of 
flour,  butter  and  potatoes  can't  be  in- 
creased by  advertising,  but  the  sale  of 
luxuries  is  increased  by  advertising. 
It  is  as  Bro.  Doolittie  sa3's,  that,  in 
order  to  hold  our  customers  for  honey, 
we  must  "go  personally  and  press  it 
on  them  each  year,"  or,  in  other 
words,  we  must  advertise.  All  luxu- 
ries must  be  advertised,  or  they  meet 
with  limited  sale.  Honey  is  no  ex- 
ception. Yes,  it  is  true  that  honey  has 
been  knoivii  for  centuries,  at  least,  it 
has  been  known  of,  but  one-half  the 
people  don't  really  know  how  luxuri- 
ous a  luxury,  how  really  good  and 
healtiiful,  is  good  honey.  They  look 
upon  it  as  a  luxury,  and,  now  comes 
the  point,  when  they  hear  these  stories 
about  its  being  adulterated,  about  its 
being  made  by  machinery,  etc.,  they 
think,  "well,  if  that  is  the  kind  of 
stuff  it  is;  I  don't  want  anj^  of  it."  I 
have  hea.-d  quite  a  number  of  our  most 
intelligent   bee-keepers  tak;-  tiie  ssme 


56 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


ground  as  that  taken  by  Bro.  Doolittle,    ! 
viz.,  that  these  stories  don't  amount  to   j 
anything.     Candidly,  I  can't  take  that 
view  of  the  matter.       I     have    met   too 
many  men  and  women   who   have   told 
me  tiiat  they  had  read  and  heard  these 
stories,    and    believed   them,    and    that 
they    had    refrained    from    buying    be- 
cause of  this  belief.      People  are  going 
to    eat    bread    and    butter,    no     matter 
u'hat  the  storios  they  hear-not  so  with 
luxuries.     They  must  be   genuine,  not 
imitations,  or  we  don't  care  to  pay  out 
our  money  for  them. 

Neither    do    I    agree   with    my    good 
friend  in  his  proposed   remedy,  that  of 
discouraging  people  from   entering  the 
business  of  bee-keeping.     I  agree  with 
him 'most   heartily    in  saying  that  the 
shady    as  well    as    the  bright    side  of 
bee  keeping  sliould  be  exposed  to  view. 
I    agree  that  we  should    not  persuade 
men  to  enter   our  ranks.     I    agree  that 
the  influx  into    bee-keeping   has   prob- 
ably been  increased   from    too   persist- 
ent y    painting   it   in   rosy  colors,   and 
this  may  have  increased  the  crop  some- 
what, and  thus  had  a  tendency  to  low- 
er   prices,   in    a    slight    degree,    but    I 
greatly  doubt  if  it  affects  prices  in  the 
^degree  that  Mr.  Doolittle  thinks  it  does. 
Here   is    a  point  worth    considering: 
The  use  of    honey    for    manufacturing 
purposes,  particularly  by   bakers,  has 
been  the  salvation  of  bee-keepivc;.     Some 
of  us  may  not   realize  this,  but    it  is  a 
fact.     Before  extracted  honey  was  used 
for  this  purpose,  it  was  almost  a  drug 
in  the  market.     Now.   there   is    an    al- 
most unlimited  demand  for  it,  although 
at  not  a  very  high  price.     The  demand 
is   steady   and   reliable,   however,   and 
many  men  who  were  once  producers  of 
comb  honey,  have  now  turned  their  at- 
tention to  the   production  of  extracted 
honey.      Tnis    lessens    the    amount   of 
comb     lioney     put    upon    the    market. 
There   are   many  other  uses   to   which 
extracted    honey    might    be    put,     and 
would  be  put,  if  it   could   be  furnished 
at  a  low  enough  price 


For  Sale.  8'/  acres  of  choice  land  in  the  honey 
section  of  Michigan  (Antrim  Co.)  two  "ules  from 
county  seal  Gushing  spnng  of  pure  water  on 
the  pVeniises.  Write  for  particulars  to  A  \. 
>iarmer,  Cadillac,  Mich.  2-06  't 


Special  Sale  on 
HIVES  AND  SECTIONS 

Until  March  l5th.  Eight-frame.  Dove- 
tail Hives,  Wt  story,  Sl.25;  W-frame, 
$1  40-  No.  1  bee-wav  sections,  f.^.90; 
No.  2,  $3.40;  24  lb.  Shipping-Cases, 
13c;  Foundation,  Smokers,  etc.,  cheap. 

Michigan  Agent  for  Dittmer's  new 
process  foundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  24-page  catalogue,  free. 
W.  D.  SOPER, 
F.  R.    D.   3  JACKSON,  MICH. 


Bees  for  Sale ! 

I  have  100  colonies  of  bees  in  my  cellar.  They 
are  wintering  perfectly-bees,  combs,  hives  and 
hnney,  dry  and  clean  Next  month  the  bees  will 
be  on  the  wing  again.  . 

By  1  he  editorials  in  the  Review,  you  will  se^  that 
I  have  taken  400  colonies  of  bees  to  work  on  shares. 
They  will  be  moved  to  Northern  Michiiran  and 
managed  for  extracted  honey  by  my  brother  and 

™To  move  400  colonies  of  bees  will  not  only  be  con- 
siderable work,  but  this  many  bees  will  be  quite  a 
lot  of  bees  to  have  in  one  locality,  even  .f  m  more 
Than  one  apiary,  and,  for  these  reasons.  I  shall 
for  this  year,  at  least,  keep  my  own  b-fs  hire  at 
home  instead  of  moving  them  up  north.  By  doimr 
this,  I  will  have  bees  in  both  a  clover  and  a  rasp- 

^"^To^movl^the  bees,  build  a  honey  house,  buy  sup- 
plies, storage  for  the  honey,  etc.  will  cost  quite  a 
little,  and  I  wish  to  be  sure  and  have  plenty  of 
money  for  carrying  out  all  these  plans,  hence  I 
have  "decided  to  sell  a  few  of  the  bees  here  at  bomp. 
—perhaps  20  or  75  colonies.  ^    ,  ,u         1 

The  bees  are  all  pure  Italians:  most  of  the  col- 
onies having  oueens  of  the  Superior  S'ock,  reared 
last  year  by  Mr.  Moore.  Not  a  queen  will  be  sent 
out  that  wou'd  not  pass  as  .-i  breeding  'luoen 
=uc^  as  dealers  sell  in  the  spring  for  from  ^...00  to 
'^=;  00  each.  The  hives  are  8-frame  Langstroth. 
new  last  'easnn.  painted  with  t^yo  good  coats  o 
white  pain^  The  combs  are  all  built  fr-m  fu  1 
sheets  of  f-undation  and  wired  at  that  In  t  ct. 
the  stocks  are  strictly  first-class  m  every  respect 
-could  not  be  l)elter-and  the  price  is  ij6.00  per 
colon V.  nor  more  and  no  less,  even  if  one  man 
should  take  the  whole  lot. 

■  lam  readv  to  accept  and  book  orders  accom- 
panied by  tlie  ca^h.  and  when  I  have  received  or- 
ders for  25  colonies,  this  advertisement  wiU  be  dis- 
continued, and  no  moreorders  accep'ed.  1  he  bees 
will  be  shipped  by  express,  alwut  fruit-bloom- 
time.   and   safe   arrival   guaranteed   in  every   re- 

^''u  you  wish  to  stock  your  apiary  with  a  strain  of 
be^s  that  has  no  superior,  here  is  a  chance  to  get 
n  test.'d  qu.-en.  already  introduced,  in  a  full  col- 
ony'wherebv  sh.- can  be  shipped  without  injury, 
early  in  the  season,  all  at  moderate  price, 

W.  Z.   HUTCHINSON.  Flint.   Mich 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


57 


Did  you  over  stop  to  consider  why  you  should  insist  on  Lewis  jfoods  in  preference  to  any  other? 

At  the  Lewis  Factory  the  greatest  pains  are  taken  to  see  that  all  Kcods  are  made  scientifically 
correct. 

Perfect  matching,  necessary  bee  spacinjf,  accurate  dovetailing-,  correct  grooving'  and  careful 
polishing,  besides  a  thousand  and  one  other  important  details  of  manufacture  are  all  brought  to  bear 
as  a  result  of  the  thirty  years'  experience  of  the  Lewis  beevvare  specialists. 

Lewis' Goods  go  together  right.     Why?    Because  they  are  right. 

Every  part  is  made  to  fit  every  other  part  just  like  a  watch. 

Lewis  hives  and  sections  go  together  with  a  snap. 

What  a  comfort  it  is  to  have  bee  goods  fit  I 

What  bee-keeper  can  estimate  the  value  of  time  and  patience  lost  with  poor  goods  that  don't  and 
won't  go  together  accurately?    Steer  clear  of  them  by  ordering  lyevvis"  goods. 

Yoa  i-an't  afford  to  take  chances  of  not  receiving  full  value  for  your  money  even  if  the  goods  are 
ordered  in  the  winter  time.  Hut  now  supposi-  it  is  swarming  season,  hives  brimful  of  honey,  bees  are 
busy,  you  can't  afford  to  tie  up  your  bee  industry,  lose  time,  lose  money  and  have  your  peace  of  mind 
annoyed  and  patience  tried  by  bothering  with  ill-fitting,  inferior  g(K)ds.  Lewis  goods  are  ni-cessary  to 
your  wi-lfare  and  happiness. 

Fvook  forthe  brand.     S<-nd  for  catalog  today,  if  you  haven't  one. 

There  are  a  score  of  our  agents  besides  ourselves  who  can  furnish  you  with  Lewis  goods  at  factory 
prices.     They  are: 


ENGLAND— H  H.  Taylor,  Welwyn.  Herts. 
CUBA— C.  B.   Stevens  &  Co..  Havana. 

C.    B.  Stevens  &   Co.,    Manzanillo. 
CALIFORNIA— Paul  Bachert,  Lancaster. 

The  Chas.  H.  Lilly  Co.,  San  Francisco. 
COLORADO- R.  C.  Aikin,  Loveland. 

Arkansas  Valley  Honey-Producers'  Association, 

Rocky  Ford, 

Colo,    Honey-Producers'  Association,  Denver, 

COLORADO     Fruit  Growers' AsstK-ial  ion,  ('.rand 

Junction. 

Robert  Halley,  Montrose. 
ILLINOIS— York      Honey     &     Bee    Supply    Co., 

Chicago. 


IOWA— Adam  A.  Clark,  Le  Mars. 

Louis  Hanssen's  S<ms,  Davenport. 
INDIANA-C.  M.  Scott  &.  Co..  Indianapolis. 
MICHKiAN— A.     (i.     Woodman    &    Co..    (;rand 

Rapids. 
MINNESOTA-Wis.  Lumber  Co..  Pairbault. 
MISSOURI-E.  T.  Abbott.  St.  Joseph. 
OHIO— NorrisA  Anspach,  Kenton, 
OREGON-The  Chas.  H.  Lilly  Co..  Portland. 
PENNSYLVANIA     Cleaver  &  Greene,  Troy, 
TEXAS  -Southwestern  Bee  Co.,  San  Antonio. 
UTAH     Fred  Foulger  &  Sons,  Ogden, 
WASHINGTON     The     Chas.      H.      Lilly      Co., 

Seattle. 


G.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 

WATERTOWN,  WIS.  U    S    A. 


ADVANCED 


T 


5fp®^irsipliilcs\l  E>eamty 


This  page  was  printed  with  the  same  type  used  in 
printing- Advanced  Bkic  Culturk.  See  how  clear,  plain, 
and  easily  read  !  The  paper  is  the  same  as  this,  only 
thicker  and  heavier.  The  pictures  are  simply  incom- 
parable with  others  in  the  same  line.  As  Dr.  Miller 
saj's  "they  are  what  may  be  expected  from  one  who  is 
almost  daft  in  that  direction." 

Earnest  Root  says:  "The  book  is  the  equal,  if  not 
the  superior,  from  the  standpoint  of  the  printer's  art. 
of  an}  thing  that  has  been  published  in  bee  culture." 

Walter  S.  Pouder  writes:  "Thelirst  thing  to  attract 
my  attention  was  the  dainty  and  beautiful  binding. 
Surely  you  have  given  us  the  most  beautiful  bee  book- 
that  has  been  printed." 

The  design  upon  the  front  cover  is  not  elaborate; 
simply  a  trailing  green  vine  of  clover,  with  a  bee  in  gold 
sipping  nectar  from  one  of  the  dainty.  >vhite  blossoms. 
Although  my  eye  has  rested  upon  it  thousands  of  times, 
yet  the  harmonious  coloring,  the  natural  well- 
balanced  grouping,  the  appropriateness,  never  fail  in 
giving  me  a  thrill  of  pleasure. 


A.S   Seeim  h)Y  ©fliers 


While  beauty  is  enjoyable,  of  much  more  importance 
in  a  bee   book,  is  the  helpful  Information  that  it  con- 


tains  in  available  form.  It  is  an  easy  matter  to  write 
pajje  after  pa<i"e  introducinji;  a  subject,  and  to  dismiss  it 
in  a  similar  manner,  but  what  pleases  the  busy  bee- 
keeper is  to  be  told  in  a  few  words — clear,  plain  and 
concise  exactly  what  to  do  and  how  to  do  it.  This  is 
the  strong  point  of  Advanciod  Bi:1':  Cii.i  i'ki:.  Let  me 
quote  once  more  from  my  j^ood  friend  Karnest  Root. 
He  says:  "The  style  of  w^-iting;  is  simple  and  easil^^ 
understood.  One  does  not  have  to  read  over  a  para- 
graph a  second  time  to  comprehend  its  meaning. 
Indeed,  I  doubt  if  there  is  a  clearer  writer  on  bees  in  all 
beedom;  and,  what  is  more,  he  seems  to  have  the  happy 
faculty  of  arriving  at  the  ver}'  kernel  of  every  idea." 

As  a  rule,  people  are  quite  inclined  to  neglect  prais- 
ing the  members  of  their  own  family,  hence  the  follow- 
ing in  a  letter  from  my  brother  Elmer,  comes  with 
added  force.  He  says:  "It  ruRx  not  be  an  elegant  way 
of  expressing  it,  but  it  seems  to  me  as  though  you  had 
skimmed  the  cream  from  the  Review,  ever  since  it 
was  published,  churned  it,  and  this  book  was  the 
butter." 

R.  L.  Taylor  says.  "You  are  too  modest  in  intimat- 
ing that  Advanci<:d  Bfjc  Culture  is  only  for  the  experi- 
enced bee-keeper.  I  should  consider  it  indispensible 
to  the  new  hand.  It  certainh-  fills  a  gap  in  ai)iculture 
literature." 

C.  W.  Dayton,  of  California,  writes:  "I  did  not 
know  that  the  whole  subject  could  be  done  up  SO 
compactly,  and  yet  treat  of  all  parts  so  completely. 
While  it  tits  the  specialist,  it  is  also  good  for  the  begin- 
ner. It  contains  all  that  the  common  bee-keeper  cares 
to  know  and  in  such  shape  as  to  be  easily  found." 

Price  of  the  book,  $1.20;  or  the  Review  one  year, 
and  the  book  for  only  S2,00. 

IFlisnU,,    Miclhirfaini 


60 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


PRICES 

And  quality  are  the  two  things  tliat  sell  goods.  We  are  in  the 
heart  of  the  lumber  country  where  we  get  lumber  at  first 
hands  without  freight.  We  have  the  cheapest  known  power — 
water.  We  make  goods  that  are  the  equal  of  any  in  qualit3' 
and  workmanship.  In  some  instances  they  are  superior.  For 
instance,  our  sections  are  made  from  tough  wood  that  will 
bend  without  breaking,  even  if  you  don't  wet  it.  How  many 
sections  did  you  break  in  putting  together  the  last  thousand  ? 
Think  of  it.  Send  for  our  catalog  and  get  prices  that  will 
surprise  and  please  you.  All  we  ask  is  to  get  a  trial  order, 
and  there  will  be  no  trouble  in  holding  your  custom. 

DOLL'S  BEE  SUPPLY  MFG.  CO., 
Power  Bldg.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


m 
m 


m 


m 

Zip 
m 
m 


The  Alamo  Bee   Supply   Co. 

J.  C  R  Kerr,  Agt. 

San  Antonio,  Texas 

Carry  a  large  slock  of  Bee  Hives  and  Supplies  of 
all  kinds.  Prompt  shipments,  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.    Write  for  price 


^▼^^^^^♦^^♦♦•^^•^^♦^^^^©Vy 


♦  High-Grade  Flower  Seeds.  ♦ 
i^/\  Packages  1  /\c.i 


FOR 


10 


Kill.  Hiilton, 

Wc.ks  .stock, 
ICsclisfhiiUzia, 
Swci'l,  A  lyssiiiii. 
Sucel  Wilhiiu, 


kind: 


KINDS, 


10  Poppy,  18  Portnla 

6  Candylutt,     10  MariKoUl, 
6  Asler,  16  Pansy, 

Zciiiiia,  12  Sweet  Peas. 

8  lialsain,  12  PliiUs,  10 

Larlcsi)iir,        i;  I'ttunia,       In 

Nasliirliiiiii.  Ill  (  alliojisis,     S 

Swicl   I\li;jniiMftle. 

All   of    llic    al)(>vi'    sent  to 

any    aililress,    iKist-paid,    for 

!«»<•.  silver  or  six  two-cenl 

stamps.     As  a  |>;'eiiiiiini  anil 

to   intioilnce  our  seeds   into 

every  liouseliolil,  «  e  will  also 


I 

also  ^ 
liiK-  X 


>ll<-<li< t° 

iiiMI'iil   IiiiIUm  FIC 

lii/h   r,if,l/<'tliir.  . 

Somerville  Nursery,      X 

SOMERVILLE,         -  MASS.    ^ 

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦< 


li 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  vl  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  you 
the  best  goods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
l.'^  different  roads,  thereby  saving  3'ou 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  every  bee-keeper  lo  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTSnow. 
Write  today. 

KRETCHMKK  MFG.,  CO. 
l-06-12t  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German. 


THE  BEE-ITEEPERS'  REVIEW 


61 


il/ 
\^/ 


\l/ 
\l/ 

il/ 
\i/ 
vl/ 


Root's  Goods  2vt 
Root's  Pricey 


POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

L,arge  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.     Low  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Ser\Mce.    Catalog  sent  free. 

Walter  S.  Pouter 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOLIS,     IND. 


vl/ 
(1/ 

\l/ 
ih 

\^/ 
il/ 


THE 


BEST 


MADE 


DITTHER  S  FOUNDATION. 

Our  hobby  is  making-  a  spe- 
cialty of  working  wax  into 
comb  foundation. 

Our  large  ware-house  is  full 
of  all  kinds  of  bee-keepers' 
supplies. 

Write  for  our  price  list,  sam- 
ples and  earl}'^  order  discount. 
We  would  like  to  send  them 
to  you  at  onr  expense. 

Jobbing- — Wholesale — Retail. 
Beeswax  always  wanted. 


COS  OITTIVIFR, 

Augusta,  Wis. 


Send    for 

1905 
Catalog. 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  Hunt  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 
Send  for 

Booklet. 


BEE-KEEPERS'   SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Pries 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MO.VDENG     MF'O.  Co..  Minneapolis.  Minn, 
(iii-'t  i4''-i4y  Ct'lar  L»l»»-  Ko«H 


—  If  yon  are  Koiug  U> 


BUY  A  BUZZ -SAW, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  JJeview.  He  bas  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  spII  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  yon  happy  by  telling  you  the  price  a» 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


PAPER  CUTTER 


FOR   SALE. 


A  man  living  near  here,  and  having  a  small 
job  printing  office,  has  consolidated  his  office. 
With  mine,  and  is  putting  in  a  cylinder  press 
we  both  had  a  paper  cutter,  and,  as  we  have  no 
u.se  for  both  of  them,  one  will  be  sold  at  a  sacri- 
fice. Mine  is  a  24-inch  cutter,  and  has  a  new 
knife  for  which  I  paid  $10.00  last  spring,  yet 
$25.00  will  take  the  machine.  A  photograph  and 
de.scription  of  the  machine  will  be  sent  on  ap- 
plication. This  new  man  will  have  no  connec- 
tion whatever  with  the  Review — simply  with  the 
job  work.  The  presswork  for  the  Review  will 
be  done  on  the  new  press. 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Flint,  Mich 


62 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I  have  three  boys  nian-j^rou'ii,  and, 
for  that  reason,  I  wish  to  sell  my  fcirm 
and  go  into  Northern  Michigan  where 
wild  land  is  cheap,  that  we  may  all 
secure  farms  near  together.  The  farm 
that  I  wish  to  sell  is  located  eight  miles 
east  of  Vassar,  Tuscola  County,  Mich- 
igan. It  consists  of  40  acres,  .30  of 
which  are  cleared.  It  is  well-fenced 
and  well-drained.  There  is  a  small 
orchard,  stables  for  the  horses  and 
cows,  and  a  small  story  and  a  half 
house.  The  soil  is  a  dark  sandy  loam, 
and  can't  bebeaten  for  raising  potatoes, 
corn,  hay,  buckwheat,,  etc.  There  is 
rural  mail  delivery,  school  '4  of  a  mile 
distant,  and  railroad  station  only  two 
miles  away.  The  location  is  a  good 
one  for  honey.  From  twenty  colonies, 
last  year,  I  secured  120  pounds  of  ex- 
tracted honey  per  colony.  I  offer  this 
farm  for  only  $600;  two-thirds  down, 
and  bal.  on  long  time  if  desi.red.  Won  hi 
accept  bees  in  part  pH3'ment  if  they  were 
not  too  far  away.  For  further  particu- 
lars address, 

ELMER  HUTCHINSON, 

Vassar,  Mich. 
Reference,  Editor  of  i\e\ievv. 


2F:_    to  iiayflif  costof  iMckiim  :uii1  iHislaue.  You 
Jjl,    V,  ill  io:Tivflliis  C rami  Cul  (■(■lion  of  Heau- 
r--  ^ialiliil  y\  )'.\ers,  and  our  >c\v  Seed  List,  the 


only  hlicna  oiler  ever  made,  and  a  Couiion  VhvrU 
lliat  will  give  you  one  of  Hit!  finest  Farm  Paiurs 
imlilished,  by  Sfudin^'  (or  tliis  grand  oiler: 
25  Packages  Seed 


1  ]>\\.  Snowball  A; 
1  p'.I.Ai.iilcliios.lialMiii 
1  iikl.  IMiXPd  I'orinla.a. 
1  l'';l.  :\lixed  Swrrt   I',  a. 
1  |iKt.  Sweet    IMlu'Ilolielle 
1  l.lcl.  Sweet  Alv.sMllil. 
1  ]i\\.  Sweet  William. 
1  \>\t.  .Mi\'d  I'oi.py. 
1  pkl.  Mixed  Cand'ylnri. 
1  p'it.  :\Ii\ed  i  arkspui. 
ll.kl.  Mi\ei|  I>aiisy. 
1  put.  Mixed  Naslnrlinm 
'■i^  Itiilliw,  a  P.eanlili 


order,   irieliidi 


llvi 


1  pl;t.  Morninp  Olory. 
1  pl,t.  IMixed  Callior'^ii*. 
1  pkt.  .Mixed  Calendula. 
1  pkl.  Mixed  Ni^iclia. 
I  pkl.  IMixed  I'hlox. 
I  pkt.  Sniillower. 
I  pkl.  Sweet  Koeket. 
1  pkl.  Caiiialion  I'inlv. 
1  p!vl.  IMixed  Koiiro'Clk. 
I  pM.  Mixed  Maiij-'old. 
J  p  ;l.  Mixed  reluiiia. 
1  ]iM.  Mixed  ZitiTiia. 
1  pkl.  Mixed  Verbenia. 
1  Col  lection,  sent  witli  Ik 


dli 


,(11  idlohi^.Caladini 


Tuli 
Oxalis 


Tel  • 


I  wiU  i 


rlld 


E.  C.  HOLiVIES,Somerville,IVIass. 


DON'T  TURN 

Another  page    until    you    have    sent   a 
postal  for  our  little  booklet  on  Queens. 

ITALIAN  and 

CAUCASIAN 

the  ifeiltlest  and  best. 

We  also  manufacture 
and  keep  for  sale  all 
kinds  of  supplies  for  the 
apiary. 

The  Wood  Bee=Hive  &  Box  Co. 
Lansing,  Mich. 

•SIM  'S||Bd  JSAiy  ^WVNlfld  H  'AV 

•9DUO  ;b  i^daooB  ;ou  op 
no,^  J!  aaouiSui.^Hd  }o  >[si.i  ai^  una  noj^ 

•saoui  ao  05$         ,,  ,,        •luaoaad  g 

•ssaj  .10  051  .lo^s.iapjo  i\v  uo  -^uaoaad  qi 

•ziA  'saoiAjas  iCtu 
.loj    uoissiuioo    1:    9ui  i^Bd  no^\     'P-^S 

'001$  'Ji29it  auo  'aadaax 
-aag  ikju^  .loj    9qi.iosqns  noj^     'P^c 

•9O6I  'Oe  -tp-iT^H 
uBij;  .i9ii;i  }ou  9ui  qoB9a  o;  qsB3     '^sj 

:ziA  'suoi; 
-ipuo9  99.iq;  9J13  9J9qx  •diqsj9u;jvd 
OHu  'a9d99^-99g  •.ij,\[  no^  9>Ib;  ni.v\  j 

•00  T$ 
'e  ON  -oooi  a9d  oyT$  ^  stioipag  9zis 
p.iiJi)ui;}t;     poo.wssBg     31iqA\    I    '^N 

•0C"I$  ''J J 
-01  "01^  'a9AOO  XuB  'auiHaj  /iuB — qoEa 
01  1$  ^^  •is-fix  '9Aiq  •9AOQ  -aj-g  sqx 
:'/jA  *!5aH9j^  ui  9ano9s  o^  9iqH  U99q  SABq 
I  S90iad    ;s9.\^OI    ^^'^    ^'-^    apEui  srjq  9H 

AHvnaagd 

jluianp  spools  jo    qiao.w  OOO'cf  qsKO 

o;  s9qs!A\   aaanptijnuHUi  ua\oii>i-ii9a\  y 

•;q9U9a    i-Hn;niAi   ao;  no^  ao^  >l-'OA\ 

X  put:  '9IAI   aoj    >iao^\v    no^\---suK9i\[ 

MOIiV^adO  =  OD 

■^  99S  A"9q;  u9qM  iii\iS 

-AV.q  H  A\ou>[  ;ou  op  i^9qi  ao    spij 

9q;    pB9a    lou    op    saaqiaosqns    m9ia9^ 

iClJS  9jd09tJ 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  KEVIEW 


63 


Aug.  Lotz  &  Son 

Make  a  specialty  of 
manufacturing-  sec- 
tions and  shippinjr 
cases.  Bee-keepers 
supplies  always  on 
hand.  Prompt  ship- 
ments. Send  for 
catalog-   and    prices. 


Cadott, 


Wis. 


2-o6-6t 


QUEENS. 


SAY,  do  you  know  that  I  have  plenty  of  good 
queens  all  ready  for  shipment?     If  not,  give  me 
a  trial  order,  and  I  will  prove  it.     One  and  two- 
frame  nuclei  a  specialty 
2-o6-tf  B.  H.STANI^EY,  Beeville,  Texas. 


Wanted,  a  student  to  learn  bee-beeping.  It  is  a 
slow  and  expensive  way  to  learn  a  business  by 
experience  in  carr\-iiig  it  on.  L,ast  season  I 
harvested  60,000  pounds  of  honey  from  296  col- 
onies, spring  count,  and  left  lols  of  honey  for 
winter.  I  can  take  a  student  for  the  season — 
able-bodied,  and  \ising  neither  liquor  nor  tobac- 
co. I  will  give  board  and  washing,  and,  if  the 
sea.son  is  good,  and  he  does  well,  snmething 
more.  K.  F.  HOLTERMANN, 

7-06-it  Brantford,  Ont.,  Canada. 


5  MILLI 


M  PIGKAGES 

SEEDS 

Martha  Washington 
Collection 


-d^  -"Myi'.sotis.  Cosmos, 
\y  Virli(ii;i,  Pctuiii:i, 
N.isturlium,  ('yi>i(  fs 
\int',  ileliotliioiif. 
Mignonette,  w  i  1  li 
tN'  loUowing  Eul!:s 
F-  TE :  One  Dewey 
Li'.y  (as  iiliovci.  1 
B'eonla,  1  rrresias,  1 
Tuberose,  1  Gladiolus. 
All  of  (lie  above 
sent,  postpaid,  lor 
10  Penis  in  iMrin  or 
Sf:iiii).s.  Older  eiirly. 
Avoi.l  the  I■u^l 


ii  arYSTIC  VALLEY  SEED  CO.,  Medford,  Mass. 


There  is  a  Farm 

Southwest 


along  tne 


Santa  Fe 

%  § 


waiting  for  you 


It  is  as  level  as  a  floor  and  slightly 
rolling.  You  may  see  it  from  the  car- 
■window.  One  of  these  days  seme 
man,  tired  of  being  a  tenant,will  get  it, 
and  the  first  crop  he  raises  will  pay 
for  the  whole  farm. 

Nq-sv  let  us  lielp  you  by  mailing  you  descrip- 
tive literature  of  the  regions  that  ought  to 
suit  vou.  It  s  free  for  the  asking.  Address 
Gen.' Colonization  Agt.  A.  T.  tJ  S.  F.  Ry., 
RaiKvay  Exchange.  Chicago. 


Superior  Stock 

I  make  a  specialty  of  Long-Tongue 

Italian,  Carniolan,   and   Caucasian. 

Reaving-  only  from  best  stock  obtain- 
able. M3'  Italian  queens  are  unexcell- 
ed ;  my  Carniol;ms  .nid  Caucasian.s  from 
best  imported  queens.  All  races  bred 
in  separate  yards  to  insure  purit}'.  A 
postal  will  brint,''  mv  price  list  for  1906. 

CHARLES    KOEPPEN 


Fredericksburg,  Va. 


American 


Journal 


All    about    Up'-s. 

IB-pat'e    Woeklv. 

Sample  Free.    #1 

ayeitr;  3  niiMths' 
Trial  Trip,  20c.  .'*ilver  or  stamps. 
Best  writers.  Ol'iestbep-pai-er; 
Illustrated.  Dept's  for  beginners 
and  lur  women  bee-keepers. 

GEORGE  W.YORK  &  CO. 
334  Dearborn  Street,  CHICAQO,  ILL. 


64 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


^2„70  to  "' 


I  manufacture  both  the  one  and  the  four-piece  sections, 
and  can  give  customers  their  choice  at  the  same  price.  The 
one-piece  is  made  of  nice,  white  basswood,  and  sand- 
papered on  both  sides.  The  four-piece  is  made  of  hani, 
white  poplar.  The  sections  are  4\{  x4!4  xl/s,  1^  or  7-to- 
the-foot,  and  4x5  plain. 

My  prices  are  as  follows:  1,000,  $3.00;  2,000  for  $5.75; 
5,000  for  $14.00;  10,000  for  $27.00.  A  special  price  will  be 
made  to  those  who  order  10,000  to  30,000  in  the  winter. 

I  also  furnish  BEE,  OUEENS,  and  BEE-KE  KPERS' 
vSUPPLIES.  Send  for  descriptive  circular,  and  sample  of 
section,  and  save  money. 

Reference,  Editor  Review. 


i-o6-tf 


NOMTOMp 


WHAT  YOy 
G  ET    F 

1  large  package  Beet. 

I     "  "  C;\rrot 

I      "  "  CiK'iiiiih 

1       "  "  I  CllUl'f 

1      "  "  I'nrsnip 

I      "  "  Mt'Um 

I     "  "  Turnip 

1      "  "  Parsley 

I     "  "  Kadish 

1     "  "  Onion 

1     "  "  Toinalo 


cents. 

llnrge  package  Srinasti 
1     "  "  Cnl.l:i._'p 

1     "  "  riunjilun 

1     "  "  Vn'prv 

1     pint,     King'.s    Woiuier 

Knrlv  Pr.as 
1     )iint     AnieVicaii    Wax 

Hcans 
1     pint     Holmes'     Early 

Sweet  Com 


What  yon  need  for  yonr  table  all  .summer.  Oet  your 
vcgetalilfs  frcsli  ont  of  the  gan1<'n  every  flav.  ami 
know  what  you  i>rc  cnling.  This  entire  follcciion  of 
seeds,  best  in  llie  world,  only  50  <'ents.  Send  your 
orders  early  and  t.'<'t  your  seeds  on  time  to  plant. 
GLENDALE    NURSERY,    EVERETT,     MASS. 


HONEY  QUEENS 

I,AWvS'  iTAIJAN  and  HOI,Y  I<ANI)  QUEENS. 
Plenty  of  fine  qneen.s  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  I  am  catering  to  a  satisfie  I  trade. 
Are  j'on  in  it  ?     Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 

Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  as  consistent  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  |8.oo;  tested  $1.00;  wer 
dozen,  |io.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  I3.00  each, 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beeville,   Tex. 


35  CeiKs. 

Will  grow  in  the 
lion.se  (ir  out  o! 
loors.    Hv:'."inliis, 

Tulip.S.    (.lildiolUS, 

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VKV.r.  a  hJgeolleelion  of  (lower seeds— over 20  1  kinds. 
HILLSIDE   NURSERY,  SOMERVILLE,  MASS. 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  in  your 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
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HIVES  made  by  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping'  on  hand. 


IVIarshfield  Wfg.   Co. 

IWaPshfield,  Wis. 


MODEL    INCUBATORS 
Rp  BROODERS. 

Made  by  Chas.  A.  Cy- 
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Our  75-page  illus  rated  cata- 
lo-jue  sent  free  to  any  address. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

.521  Griggs  Block 
TOLEDO,         -         -         OHIO. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
immber  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the   Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.    VAf4    DEUSEN, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  V 


Lowest  Prices. 

BIG   DISCOUNT  FOR  EARLY 
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Oil  cash  orders 
Before  November  i  9  per  cent. 

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Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds. 

Established  nearly  25  years. 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
50c  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  publislied.  P'c'ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 
Company, 

Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


66 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


jRDake  Your  Own  Hives. 


3ee  *-  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
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their  hives,  sections 
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Machines  on  trial. 
Send  for  Catalog^ue. 

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BEE     SUPPLIES. 

We  Handle  the  finest  bee  supplies,  msde  by  the  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG. 
CO.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y.  Big  Discounts  on  yearly  orders,  let  us  figure 
with  you  on  your  wants.       '  ' 

MUTH  SPECIAL  DOVE  TaIl  HIVES,  have  a  honoy  board,  warp- 
proof  cover,  and  bottom  board,  think  of  it,  same  price  as  the  regular 
stylos.     Send  for  Catalog. 

THE  FRED.  W.  MUTH  CO., 


51    WALNUT   ST.,: 


CINCINNATI.    OHIO. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


67 


^  Catsv.l©go     (G©©dl   Go@dlSp    low    FrSceSp 

^  get   if  ^OM  sesadl    ^o^r    Order    to 

^        PAGE  ®,  LYON  Mfg,  Co. 

•  New  London,  Wis. 


40  Kinds  Tal! 
2  7  Kinds  Dwarf 
NASTURTiUiyi 

SEEDS 


W 


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lilH'  roUfi/tiuii 

FREE"" 


C. 

36 


'l 


u 


i 


KiiKlsot 
Old  Fasliioiu'd 

Flower  SEEDS 

iniporled  from  (ierniaiiy : 
riuiiio?a.  Cflosia,  C'ani- 
jiaiiula.  Calaiidnlia,  By- 
I'iiH^psis.  Arabis,  l.ily  of 
1  he  Valley.  A  lyssuni.. lob's 
I  ears.  Cineraria.  Coluiii- 
liiiie.  Four  o'clock,  llihis- 
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via,  iiiid  of  Paradise, 
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of. Sect  land.  Siidlax,J'i(-'er 
riiik,  Browallia,  StoeUs, 
.Mariraret,  Cyaims.  Cow- 
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id'  postage  and  pack- 
ing. 

GLENDALE NURSERY, 
Dept.     Everett,  Mass. 


PLEASE  TAKE  NOTICE 

That  we  have  purchased  The  Atch- 
ley  steam  bee-hive  factory,  and  are 
now  putting:  in  up-to-date  machinery 
for  making  Dovetailed  bee  hives  and 
supplies.  We  earnestly  solicit  a  share 
of  your  patronage.  We  quote  prices 
on  two  hives  for  comparison;  one 
2-story,  8-frame  hive,  in  the  flat,  for  ex- 
tracted honey,  complete,  ready  to  nail, 
$1.25.  One  story  and  a  half  hive,  in 
the  flat,  with  sections,  complete,  for 
comb  honey  $1.25;  self-spacing  Hoff- 
man frames  in  the  flat,  $15.00  per 
thousand.  Remember  these  are  stand- 
ard goods  and  Dovetailed  hives.  Get 
prices  on  large  lots.  Dittmer's  foun- 
dation at  Dittmer's  prices.  We  are 
headquarters  in  the  South  for  bees  and 
queens;  untested,  $1.00  each;  $9.00  per 
dozen,  tested,  $1.50.  Full  colonies, 
nuclei,  and  queens  in  large  lots,  our 
specialty.      Send'for  catalog. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beeville,   Bea  Co.  Texas. 


METAL  MOTHERS 


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Catalogue  free.  CYCLE  HATCH- 
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68 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


I  "DADANT'S  FOUNDATION" 

g  IT  EXCELS. 

S  EVERY  INCH  equal  to  samples. 

|P^  Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness      No    Sagg-ing-,     no    Loss.      Twenty-seven 

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BEE  SUPPLIES 

of  all  kinds 

BEESWAX  AYANTED 

at  all  times. 
Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODIVIAN,  Grand  Rapids. 

DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  111. 

Send  for  Cataloii"- 


Michigan  Distributors 

I'OK 

G.    B.    Lewis    Co^s   BEEWARE 
Dadant^s    Foundation 


WITH  an  enorinons  stock,  and  the  best  shipping  point 
ill  Michigan,  we  are  in  a  position  to  give  yon  the 
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SPECIAL  — .^  qmntity  of  Dovetail  and  v^isconsin  Hives, 
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per  hive.     Satisfaction  gnaratiteed. 

BEESWAX  WANTED 

A.  G.  WOODMAN  CO., 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Advanced  Bee-Veil.  Cord  arranjifement,  absolutely  bee-proof,  best  on  earth. 
Made  of  imported  French  tulle  veilinj^.  Cotton,  with  silk  face,  50  cents  post- 
paid. 2-o6-4t 


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c 

<D 

o 

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DC 

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£ 

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d 

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CD 

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(/)    0 

re 

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o  Q 

\)e  Jee-JK^f  peps'  jHf  v'i^Lo. 

A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 

$L00  A  YEAR. 
W.  Z.  HDTCHINSON.  Editor  and  Proprietor. 


VOL.  XIX.      FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  MAR.  15,  1906.       NO.  3 


Freventioii  ©: 


>y 


L.    A.    ASPINWALL. 


ro^HE  ultimate  control  of  the  increase 
^^  of  colonies,  culminatinof  in  the 
absolute  prevention  of  swarming-  is  no 
less  essential  to  successful  bee  culture 
than  the  control  of  increase  in  stock 
and  poultry  breeding-.  With  no  visible 
means  to  prevent  increase  among-  our 
domestic  animals  and  poultry,  perplex- 
ities would  prevail,  not  unlike  those 
experienced  b}^  bee-keepers  during  the 
swarming-  season;  and,  I  might  add, 
with  the  promiscuous  mating  of 
queens. 

THE  YIKI.D  DOUBLED  BY  NON-SWARMERS. 

With  our  colonies  under  perfect  con- 
trol, we  may  reasonably  expect  the 
yield  of  honey,  in  averag-e  seasons,  to 
be  at  least  double.  Furthermore,  with 
non-swarminghives  theabilitj^to  secure 
all  the  hone}'  possible  from  white 
clover,  gives  an  added  value  to  the 
increased  product. 

Having-  experimented  17  j'ears  with 
from  30  to  50  colonies  of  bees,  involving- 


great  expense  (both  as  to  labor  and 
money),  in  the  emploj'ment  of  various 
methods,  I  must  take  issue  with  ex- 
perimenters generally  in  this  line;  in, 
that  a  successful  method  to  prevent 
swarming  must  primarily  be  found  in 
the  hive,  rather  than  in  the  methods 
adopted.  However,  be  the  hive  ever  so 
perfect,  an}^  neglect  to  use  the  methods 
requisite  in  its  use,  will  result  very 
largely  in  failure. 

In  the  prevention  of  swarming  we 
must  first  prevent  a  development  of  the 
factors  which  induce  it.  These  hinge 
mainly  on  a  crowded  condition  of  the 
colon}^  This  condition  results  in  the 
clogging  of  the  brood  apartment  with 
honey,  and  impeding  the  queen  in  her 
work  of  laying.  The  lack  of  storage 
room  is  a  very  important  factor  to  be 
considered  in  this  connection.  Venti- 
lation, and  freedom  of  access  to  all 
parts  of  the  hi\e,  must  in  no  way  be- 
come   impeded.       The    hive    employed 


72 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


mwi  embody  requisites,  which,  with 
p.oper  management,  will  prevent  a 
development  of  these  factors. 

ESSENTIAL  FEATURES  OF  A  NON-SWARM- 
ING HIVE. 

The  essential  feature  embodied  in 
the  construction  of  my  hive,  is  an  ar- 
rangement   whereby    ihe    brood  combs 


during  the  12  years  which  have  fol- 
lowed. I  now  arrange  the  comb  frames 
with  slatted  dummies  between  them, 
and  on  both  sides  and  ends  of  the  hive, 
which  includes  a  new  frame.  While  I 
have  used  slatted  dummies  at  the  sides 
for  four  3'ears,  the  new  frame  was  first 
made  with  the  view  of  rapid  handling, 
and  to  prevent  the  killing  <jf  beesthere- 


Top  View  of  Brood  Nest,  Showing  Upper  Edges  of 
Slatted    Dummies, 


may  be  separated,  or  spread,  covering 
a  greater  area.  It  is  an  established 
fact  that  any  amount  of  box  or  surplus 
room  will  but  partially  overcome  a 
crowded  condition  of  the  brood  nest. 

The  introduction  of  slatted  frames, 
or  dummies,  previous  to  the  swarming 
saason,  I  have  found  to  be  the  great 
essential  in  overcoming  the  crowded 
condition;  thus  retarding  the  swarming 
impulse.  This  plan  has  been  the  basic 
or  foundation  principle  of  all  my  ex- 
periments since  1893.  The  thickness, 
size,  and  number  of  these  slatted 
frames  have  been  wonderfully  changed 


by.  By  reference  to  the  accompanying 
illustration,  a  slatted  extension  at  each 
end  of  the  frame  will  be  seen.  As 
already  stated,  through  the  tendency 
of  bees  to  crowd  the  lirood  nest,  the 
slatted  portion,  although  tilled  with 
them  upon  opening  the  hive  and  remov- 
ing the  frames,  will  almost  instantly 
become  free  for  closing,  b^'  their  move- 
ment towards  the  combs.  It  is  evident 
that  a  sufficient  distance  of  slatted 
space  between  the  combs  and  end-bars 
may  be  employed  which  would  extend 
entirely  beyond  the  reach  of  the  strong- 
est colony  during  the  warmest  weather. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


73 


But  there  is  a  mean  distance  which  is 
practically  rig^ht.  This  I  have  made 
to  conform  to  the  number  of  sections; 
five  of  which  are  used  in  each  holder 
contained  in  the  super.  We  will  now 
see  that,  with  additional  leng-th  of  the 
slatted  dummies,  which,  tofjether  with 
the  improved  frames,  tend  to  expand 
the  colony,  also  affords  free  movement 
of  the  bees  at  either  end;  thus  relieving 
tlie  tendency  to  become  crowded  at  the 


gnawed  by  the  bees  ?  This  to  the 
thoughtful  mind  is  an  evidence  of  their 
requirements.  It  is  equivalent  to  a 
demand  for  zvider  opening's.  By  refer- 
ence to  the  accompanying-  illustration, 
a  plan  or  top  view  of  the  hive  may  be 
seen,  showing  the  comb  frames  and 
dummies  alternating  each  other.  In- 
stead of  the  latter  having  wide  top 
bars,  additional  bee-space  is  g^iven, 
which  is  correspondingly  furnished  by 


' 


i 


M 


I'mnjnu  n 


Slatted  Dummy  for  use  in  Brood  Nest. 


side  where  the  bees  enter  in  greatest 
numbers,  during  a  honey  flow.  Fur- 
thermore, we  have  the  combs,  by 
reason  of  the  slatted  ends,  most 
thoroughly  protected  from  the  outside 
heat  during  very  warm  weather;  which 
is  another  factor  overcome  in  the  pre- 
vention of  swarming-. 

the   importance  of  free  communi- 
cation WITH  THE  SUPER. 

As  with  the  development  of  mechani- 
cal   contrivances,  we    find    intricacies, 


the  super  dummies  or  separators. 
This  construction  never  fails  to  make 
the  supers  acceptable  to  our  bees. 
With  increased  bee-space  the  supers 
become,  as  it  were,  more  a  part  of  the 
brood  chamber,  inviting-  the  storag-e  of 
honey  where  it  will  be  accessible  to  the 
cluster  during  winter.  Bees  reluctant- 
ly place  their  stores  where  it  will  fail 
to  meet  their  requirements  in  cold 
weather. 

But,  with    this    free   passag-e    to    the 
supers,  a  corresponding  evil  presented 


-  -|»  -41;  -ft  - 


Slatted    Dummy    for  use  in  Super. 


evolving  and  forming  a  part  of  a  non- 
swarming-  hive.  Not  only  must  the 
crowded  condition  be  overcome,  but 
much  greater  access  afforded  the  bees 
for  entering  the  supers.  Who  has  not 
noticed  sections,  well-filled  with  honey, 
having   the    lower   edges    of   the   wood 


itself  which  had  to  be  overcome  in 
order  to  achieve  complete  success.  I 
refer  to  the  storage  of  pollen  in  the  sec- 
tions. The  additional  bee-space  in- 
vited the  storage  of  pollen  as  well  as 
honey.  I  found,  however,  that  although 
the  bees    ventured  above   with    pollen, 


74 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


that   the    queens     confined   themselves 
exclusively  to  the  brood-nest. 

THE  PART    THAT  DRONE    CELL  FOUNDA- 
TION  PLAYS  IN  THE  PROBLEM. 

The  past  season  has  been  prolific  in 
methods  developing  the  non-swarmer. 
Knowing-  that  bees  seldom  deposit  pol- 
len in  drone  comb,  I  concluded  to  ex- 
periment with  over    1,000  sections    con- 


in  two  ways.  In  the  development  of  a 
principle  many  of  the  difficulties  over- 
come are  attended  with  a  correspond- 
ing evil;  which,  upon  being  eliminated, 
gives  us  more  than  was  anticipated. 
In  respect  to  the  latter,  drone  cell 
foundation  abovethe  brood  nest  entirely 
eliminates  the  storage  of  pollen;  and 
with  sections  containing  worker-cell 
foundation  at   each  end   of   the   section 


Front  Elevation,  Showing  Slatted  Dummies 
Alternating  one  Another. 


tainingdronecell  foundation.  Although 
fearing  the  queen  might  occupy  them, 
I  was  agreeably  surprised  to  find  that 
but  four  sections  out  of  the  whole  num- 
ber contained  a  few  cells  of  brood; 
which  I  could  readily  account  for.  If, 
however,  sections  containing  drone 
cell  foundation  be  placed  on  swarming 
hives,  a  crowded  condition  of  the  brood 
chamber  would  be  likely  to  force  the 
queen  above  and  occupy  such  cells  in 
the  laying  of  eggs.  The  slatted  dum- 
mies of  a  non-swarmer  prevent  the 
crowded  condition,  and  overcome  all 
tendency  to  crowd  the  queen,  which  is 
a  factor  inducing  the  swarming  im- 
pulse. 

In    the   field    of    invention  the  unex- 
pected   invariably  happens.     It  occurs 


holders  (where  no  pollen  is  likely  to  be 
stored),  a  wonderful  impetus  is  given 
to  the  storage  of  honey.  By  this  ar- 
rangement we  give  the  bees  just  what 
they  build  when  left  to  instinct — 
both  kinds  of  comb.  We  frequently 
find  worker  foundation  in  sections 
largely  changed  to  drone  size,  thus 
displaying  their^  instinctive  demands 
relative  to  the  construction  of  comb. 
Using  three  sections  of  drone  founda- 
tion, and  but  two  of  worker  size,  which 
are  placed  at  each  end  of  the  holder, 
thus  making  an  outside  row,  induces 
the  bees  to  complete  them  (the  outside 
ones)  much  sooner  than  if  all  con- 
tained the  same  sized  cells.  This 
rapid  filling  of  the  outside  sections, 
which  is  due  to  the  excess  of  drone  size 


THE  BEE-I'EEPERS'  REVIEW 


75 


cells,  affords  another  illustration  in 
which  the  unexpected  happened,  j,'-ivinf;- 
more  than  was  tirst  expected.  It  may 
be  well  to  state  in  this  connection  that 
the  supering-  surface  should  be  suffi- 
cient to  contain  from  3^  to  40  sections 
in  a  super,  or  approximately  about 
25,000  cells,  and  5(),()0()  upon  being^ 
tiered;  which  should  be  done  when  the 
first  set  of  combs  are  about  half  drawn 
out,  provided  the  honej'  flow  is  good. 
In  order  to  g^ive  employment  to  all  the 
comb  builders,  as  well  as  those  en- 
gaged in  the  storage  of  honey,  without 
interference  in  their   respective  duties, 


emphatically,  the  hive  for  prog-ressive 
bee-keepers. 

But  some  one  maj'  inquire  as  to  the 
quality  of  honey  and  the  thickness  of 
comb,  when  drone  cell  foumdation  is 
used.  I  will  simply  say,  it  transcends 
honey  in  worker  comb  for  beauty, 
while  the  amount  of  wax  per  pound  of 
honey  is  not  increased  in  the  least. 

Another  advantage  contained  in  the 
non-swarmer  is  (if  properly  manag-ed) 
the  almost  complete  elimination  of 
burr  combs,  which  are  so  annoying  in 
the  production  of  comb  honey. 

From    35    colonies,  with    an    averag'e 


Hivi-;  WITH  CovKR    Rkmovkd,    Showing  Sui'i:k  with 
Slatted  Dummies  Between  the  Sections. 


from  .■)0,000to  75,000  cells  are  requisite. 
Let  us  also  note  that  a  non-szvarming 
hive  is  imperative.  I  mean  by  this,  un- 
less we  keep  pace  with  our  colonies  in 
the  storage  of  honey,  by  adding  supers 
when  required,  the  brood  apartment 
will  become  clogg"ed,  and  the  building 
of  burr  combs  ensue,  thus  developing 
a  factor  inducing  the  swarming  im- 
pulse.    The  non-swarmer  will  be,  most 


production  of  128  sections  per  colon3', 
the  burr  comb  scrapings  amounted  to 
less  than  a  quart;  and  most  of  these 
were  due  to  experiments.  Having  con- 
ducted these  experiments  to  prove  the 
correctness  of  the  principle  involved  in 
the  hive,  much  less  honey  was  stored 
than  would  otherwise  have  been  re- 
ceived. Under  the  best  developed 
working  plan,  my  bees  would  doubtless 


76 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


have  averaged  150  sections  per  colony. 
The  activity  of  a  newly  hived  swarm 
does  not  compare  with  that  of  a  strong- 
non-swarming-  colony,  when  the  honey 
flow  is  good. 

So  rapid  has  been  my  progress  in 
the  development  of  a  non-swarmer  of 
late,  I  can  safely  say  that  more  ad- 
vance has  been  made  the  last  two 
years  than  in  the  15  which  preceded 
them.  And  what  a  comfort  to  keep 
bees  with  all  swarming-  eliminated  ! 

What  possibilities  in  the  maintain- 
ance  of  out-apiaries,  als),  to  unite  the 
keeping  of  bees  with  some  other  occu- 
pation. 

In  producing  the  non-swarmer,  five 
important     and     distinctive     features 


essential  in  its  construction  have  been 
developed.  As  already  stated,  the 
basic  principle  lies  in  the  slatted  dum- 
mies. Next  came  increased  communi- 
cation between  the  hive  and  supers. 
Followingthis,  slatted  ends  were  made 
in  the  comb  frames;  and,  in  conse- 
quence, longer  dummies  were  used. 
To  prevent  the  storage  of  pollen  in  the 
sections,  and  at  the  same  time  retain 
wide  passage  ways,  led  to  the  use  of 
drone  cell  foundation.  In  order  to  in- 
crease and  equalize  the  storage  of 
honey  throughout  the  super,  it  was 
found  advantageous  to  supplement  the 
drone  cell  foundation  with  worker  size 
placed  at  the  holder  ends. 

Jackson,  Mich.,  Jan.  16,  1806. 


Hivii  CoMPi.ETK,   With    Covkk  in  Position 


THE   BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


77 


?oinme  OIbjectln©iiiS  to  thi®  Use  ©f 


E.    T.    ATWATER. 


JN  talUing  and  writinjj:  on  the  hive 
question,  so  far  as  I  have  noticed,  no 
one  has  emphasized  properly  the  mat- 
ter of  the  comparative  condition  of  the 
combs  in  each.  The  deeper  the  frame, 
the  poorer  the  combs  are  apt  to  be. 
This  was  broug^ht  to  m}'  attention  last 
sprinjj;-,  while  talking  to  Mr.  (J.  J. 
Yoder. 

Mr.  Yoder  uses  largely  a  ten-frame 
hive,  with  frames  lyz  inches  deep, 
comb  surface  6^s  x  17,  when  fully  built 
to  end  and  bottom  bars  He  uses  also 
a  few  ten-frame  hives  of  standard 
depth.  During  the  season  of  1904,  the 
colonies  in  shallow  hives  made  more 
honey  than  the  ones  on  depp  combs. 
His  explanation  of  the  matter  was  that 
the  shallow  combs  were  practically 
ptrject,  no  sag,  and  so  were  very  well 
tilled  with  brood,  while  the  deep  combs 
had  sagged  to  such  an  extent  that 
there  was  'ery  kittle  br^od  reared 
within,  pernaps,  two  inches  or  more  of 
the  top  bar.  Of  course,  more  honey  is 
stored  in  the  brood  nest  in  which  the 
deeper  frames  are  used,  but  even  if 
average  returns  were  slightly  les.s,  the 
deep  hive  would  be  better  adapted  to 
an  extensive  business,  as  that  extra 
honey  in  the  brood-nest  is  the  best 
kind  of  insurance  against  losses  and 
extra  care.  Of  course,  two  stories  of 
7'2  inch  combs  may  be  left  forthebees, 
but  I  find  that  few  do  so.  I  cannot 
believe  that  results,  even  with  the 
combs  in  the  Yoder  hives,  would  al- 
vv;<js  be  in  favor  of  the  shallow  hives. 
I  have  always  had  more  deep  (stand- 
ard) hives,  than  of  the  shallow,  al- 
though 1  have  had  in  use,  perhaps,  lOO 
hives  with  five  inch  combs,  and  iinother 
loo  with  six-inch  combs.  In  no  case 
that  I   can    remember,  has   any  colony 


in  which  the  queen  was  confined  to  a 
single  case  of  either  five-inch  or  six- 
inch  combs  ever  produced  the  largest 
yield  in  a  given  yard.  Reluctantly, 
have  I  admitted  this  truth,  for,  from 
the  first,  I  have  had  a  strong  leaning 
toward  the  shallow  brood-nest,  and 
have  been  willing  to  give  the  shallow 
hive  the  benefit  of  the  doubt.  My  shal- 
low hives  were  equal  to  5,  6,  or  7  L 
frames.  Have  used  L  hives  with  from 
four  to  ten  frames  in  the  brood-nests, 
for  comb  honey. 

don't   use    too    light    foundation, 

nor  put   it  in  the  frames  too 

early  in  the  season. 

Now,  brother  bee-keepers,  if  you  real- 
ize the  importance  of  good  combs,  you 
will  likely  fight  shy  of  all  light  brood 
foundation.  If  you  use  five-inch  combs 
two  wires  are  needed.  With  /-.frames 
we  use  three  wires;  with  a  deeper 
frame  it  may  be  that  four  wires  would 
be  necessary. 

I  know  that  Doolittle  recommends 
filling  frames  with  full  sheets  of  foun- 
dation during  the  winter,  or  spring, 
but  my  experience  again  says  no;  un- 
less you  have  a  place  where  they  can 
be  kept  cool  uniW  ready  for  use,  be  that 
time  May  or  September.  Full  sheets  of 
foundation,  well  wired,  if  long  exposed 
to  a  temgerature  of  90  degrees  or  high- 
er, will  sag,  badly,  and  may  even 
break  from  the  wires,  and  "Weed  Pro- 
cess" at  that.  Have  your  frames  prop- 
erly wired,  then  wait  as  long  as  possi- 
ble before  putting  in  the  full  sheets  of 
foundation.  With  our  plan  of  using 
melted  wax  to  fasten  the  foundation  to 
the  top-bar,  two  persons  can  put  in 
several  hundred  full  sheets  in  a  Aa.y. 

Upon  this  matter  of  combs  with  little 
or  no  sag  along  the  top-bar,  depends 


V8 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


very  largely  3'^our  success  in  obtaining 
results  proportionate  to  the  size  of  the 
hive.  Perhaps  the  reason  that  some 
have  condemned  the  deep  frame  is  be- 
cause they  never  had  perfect  combs  in 
the  deep  frames;  while  such  combs  are 
more  easily  secured  in  the  shallow 
frames,  especially  would  this  be  the 
case  with  the  careless  operator. 

As  your  combs,  barring  foul-brood, 
are  to  last  a  life  time,  be  sure  to  have 
them  perfect  at  the  start. 

I  find  that  combs  built  wholly  by  the 
bees    sag    less,    as    a    rule,     than   the 
combs  built  from  full  sheets  of  founda- 
tion.    But  such  combs  built  from  start- 
ers, if   at   any  time   heavy  laden,   and 
near  a  hot,  dark  colored,  or  unpainted, 
single-lid,  will  often  sag  all  along  the 
top-bars.   Paint  your  lids  w/nV^.    Some 
advise   having    all     combs    (from    full 
sheets  of  foundation)   built   out   in  the 
extracting  super  during  a  good    flow, 
so  they  will  be  built  clear  to  the  bot- 
tom bars.     That    will   do,   if  you   are 
sure  that  you    will   never   wish  to  use 
any  of  those   combs   in  the    brood-nest, 
(and  "  never  is  a  long  time")-     No  mat- 
ter how  well-wired,  many  of  them  will 
sag  to  such   an  extent  as  to   be  entirely 
unfit   for    use    as   brood-combs.      Have 
your    foundation    drawn      out    in    the 
brood-nest,  at   such   a  time  that  every 
cell,  as  nearly   as   possible,   may   con- 
tain brood  at  least  once.     Then  you  can 
fill    up    your    extracting    supers    with 
such  combs,  and  no  sag;  always  readj'. 
anywhere,  and   how   fast  you  can  ex- 
tract the  honey  from   them  !     Many  of 
them  will  be  built  down  to  the  bottom 
bars. 

I  know  that,  with  the  passing  years, 
I  have  come  to  appreciate  more  and 
more  the  value  of  good  combs.  When 
comparing  results  from  different 
queens,  be  sure  that  you  consider  the 
comparative  condition  of  the  brood- 
combs  in  each  hive.  Poor  brood 
combs  may  so  handicap  the  best  col- 
ony as  to  allow  some  really  inferior 
stock  to  accomplish  greater  results. 


SHALLOW    COMBS     THROW   THE    POLLEN 
INTO   THE   SECTIONS. 

In  regard  to  pollen  in  the  sections, 
my  experience  is  empliatically  the 
same  as  Dr.  Miller's.  When  compar- 
ing hives  of  the  same  capacity,  or  even 
though  the  shallow  hive  be  of  greater 
capacity,  far  more  pollen  goes  into  the 
supers  above  the  shallow  hives. 

I  have  also  seen  strong  proof  of  this 
in  a  large  yard  near  one  of  my  own. 

Suppose  that  I  am  a  bee-keeper  get- 
ting into  the  business  on  a  large  scale, 
using  a  shallow  brood-nest  and  work- 
ing for  comb-honey.  Results  may  be 
satisfactory,  little  or  no  pollen  being 
stored  in  the  sections,  and  I  stock  yard 
after  yard  with  100  or  more  colonies  in 
the  shallow  hives.  The  keeping  of 
such  great  numbers  of  bees  favors  the 
perfect  pollination  of  the  flowers  of 
certain  plants,  with  the  result,  as 
years  pass,  of  a  inarked  and  positive 
change  in  the  flora,  as  has  actually 
happened  here,  and  In  many  places, 
and  I  know  that  my  field  now  furnishes 
so  much  pollen  that  far  too  much  is 
carried  into  sections  above  the  shallow 
frames. 

To  adopt  a  deeper  frame  and  hive  to 
cure  this  trouble  (as  it  surely  would) 
would  be  an  immense  expense,  and  to 
endure  this  trouble,  would  be  at  great 
loss.  Especially,  it  seems  to  me, 
should  the  beginner  adopt  a  hive  that 
will  not  favor  pollen  in  the  sections,  as 
does  the  shallow  hive.  And  so  far  as 
any  magical  superiority  in  the  shallow 
hive  is  concerned,  bee-keepers  who  de- 
pend on  their  bees  for  a  living,  are 
fast  learning  that  hives  do  not  gather 
hone}'.  Give  me  the  proper  nntnber  of 
Dadant,  Gallup,  Langstroth,  Heddon, 
Danzenbaker,  or  American  frames, 
and  I  will  produce  honey  to  compete 
very  nearly  In  qualitv'  (or  c[uantlty) 
per  hive,  with  anyone,  barring  pollen 
in  the  sections.  Of  course  there  are 
some  styles  of  frames  that  I  would  not 
like  to  handle. 

Meridan,  Idaho,  Jan.  15.  1906. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


79 


^uteimslve 


^3^teiiisive 


lee-Heepliii^c 


S.    D.    CHAPMAN. 


MR.  EDITOR,  in  the  December  num- 
ber of  the  Review,  you  have  given 
us  the  methods  that  you  followed  in 
increasing  from  20  colonies  to  104.  I 
have  been  very  much  interested  in  the 
way  j'ou  have  built  up  such  a  nice 
apiary.  It  shows  the  work  of  a 
ma&terly  hand.  Now,  as  you  are  com- 
ing to  Northern  Michigan,  I  extend  to 
you  a  hearty  welcome.  I  can  give  en- 
couragement to  a  man  having  the 
knowledge  and  experience  that  you 
*  have  had.  I  can  see  only  one  thing 
needful;  "just  a  little  enthusiasm." 
Not  only  are  you  coming,  but  others 
are  coming  from  Southern  Michigan, 
also  from  Southern  California,  Neb- 
raska and  Illinois  and  several  other 
States.  I  receive  letters  from  bee-keep- 
ers as  far  east  as  New  Hampshire, 
who  wish  to  mo\e  their  bees  to  the 
raspberry  fields  of  Northern  Michi- 
gan. These  men  not  only  ask  ques- 
tions pertaining  to  our  industry,  but 
in  regard  to  farming,  as  well.  So 
iTiany  letters  coining  to  a  busy  man 
they  nearly  swamp  me;  in  fact,  I  am 
in  sore  distress.  As  nearly  all  have 
referred  to  the  Review,  when  writing, 
I  ask  permission  to  pull  off  vny  coat 
and  answer  some  of  these  questions  in 
the  Review. 

The  first  question  that  I  wish  to 
notice  coines  from  Indiana,  asking  me 
if  I  think  it  would  be  profitable  to  come 
to  Northern  Michigan  with  90  colonies 
of  bees,  dividing  them  into  three  yards 
of  30  colonies  e.ich,  and  increasing 
each  yard  to  100  colonies.  To  this 
part  of  the  question  I  can  answer 
"yes,"  if  the  writer  is  a  man  that  has 
the  necessary  push  and  energy.  Not 
only    must    he  possess   these   qualities 


but  he  must  also  have  experience. 
Through  our  experience  we  obtain  the 
skill,  that  enables  us  to  make  a  success 
of  bee-keeping.  But  this  is  not  all. 
He  wants  to  know  if  I  think  he  can 
run  these  three  yards,  when  they  con- 
tain 100  colonies  each,  with  only  four 
or  live  visits  each  year.  It  is  a  pretty 
hard  question.  I  have  have  had  no 
experience  in  running  a  yard  with 
only  four  or  five  visits  a  year;  but  I 
have  had  sad  experience  in  neglecting 
mj'  bees  so  that  I  thereby  lost  hundreds 
of  dollars. 

I  will  tell  you  just  how  it  looks  to 
me.  I  would  just  as  soon  think  of  run- 
ning a  dairy  on  the  out-yard  plan. 
Turn  the  cows  out  in  the  spring;  milk 
them  three  or  four  times  during  the 
summer;  then,  when  fall  comes,  round 
them  all  up  and  give  them  a  good  milk- 
iag,  seems  to  me  as  sensible,  as  to  run 
an  apiary  with  four  or  five  visits  a 
year. 

Would  it  be  profitable  for  the  farmer 
to  plant  a  field  of  corn,  and  when  it  is 
about  knee-high  give  it  a  cultivating, 
and  then,  when  fall  comes,  harvest  his 
crop  ?  Is  this  the  kind  of  farming  that 
pays  ?  And  do  our  farm  journals  rec- 
ommend, to  that  class  of  farmers,  that 
they  "keep  more  cows,"  and  "plant 
more  corn  ?"  I  think  the  tendency  of 
the  times  is  to  keep  less  cows,  and  then 
take  better  care  of  what  we  already 
have. 

SHIFTLESS  FARMING    AND  BEE-KEEPING 
TO    MATCH. 

The  bee-keeper  who  runs  his  bees 
with  four  or  five  visits  a  year  is  in  the 
same  boat  with  that  class  of  farmers. 
The  question  resolves  itself  into  just 
this:     Is  it  profitable  to  furnish  capital 


80 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


for  running'  a  business  tliat  is  to  be 
neglected  from  start  to  finish  ?  That 
there  is  just  as  much  of  a  loss,  some 
years,  with  such  bee-keeping,  as  there 
is  with  such  farming,  is  true,  and  I 
will  show  you  where  the  loss  comes 
in. 

Men,  like  Mr.  Town^end,  or  Mr. 
Hutchinson,  may  make  a  success  at 
that  kind  of  bee-keeping,  as  they  are 
two  of  the  best  bee-keepers  in  the  State 
of  Michigan.  They  have  the  knowl- 
edge and  years  of  experience  to  help 
them  out.  But  can  we  recommend  such 
methods  of  management  to  these  new 
comers  ?  To  men  with  less  experi- 
ence ?  Will  tliey  make  a  success  of  it  ? 
If  we  are  to  judge  any  kind  of  manage- 
ment it  is  necessary  that  we  have  some 
other  methods  to  compare  it  with.  For 
this  purpose  I  will  refer  to  the  plans 
in  the  December  Review.  Not  for  the 
purpose  of  criticism,  but  I  wish  to 
show  where  many  of  our  bee-keepers, 
who  work  for  extracted  honey,  lose 
from  a  quarter  to  a  half  of  what  they 
might  have  secured. 

About  the  middle  of  May  I  will  set  a 
colony  over  here,  and  Mr.  Hutchinson 
may  set  one  over  there.  As  there  is 
nothing  to  do  with  his  colony,  at 
present,  he  may  return  to  Flint.  I 
will  commence  working  with  my  colony. 
I  will  not  give  my  management  here  in 
full,  as  it  would  make  this  article  too 
long,  but  I  wish  to  show  where  the 
loss  comes  in  to  the  man  who  runs  his 
bees  with  four  or  five  visits  a  year. 
There  are  two  things  that  a  colony 
will  size  up,  viz,  amount  of  stores  and 
amount  of  room.  Even  a  good  strong 
colony  lacking  in  stores  will  not  build 
up  rapidly.  The  lack  of  honey  de- 
stroys confidence.  Then,  when  a  col- 
ony has  built  up,  so  that  it  is  a  strong 
colony,  the  want  of  room  destroys  the 
usefulness  of  that  colony.  My  methods 
areas  follows:  I  take  two  frames,  con- 
taining as  much  sealed  brood  as  pos- 
sible, from  the  brood-nest,  putting  two 
empty  combs  in   be  pi  ace  of  those  taken 


out,  and  put  on  the  queen  excluder 
above  the  brood  nest,  where  it  remains 
to  the  end  of  the  season.  The 
two  frames  of  brood  are  put  in  an  ex- 
tracting super  and  set  over  the  colony, 
filling  up  the  remainder  of  the  upper 
story  with  empty  combs.  In  a  few 
days  I  will  take  out  two  or  three  more 
frames  of  brood  from  the  brood  nest, 
and  put  them  in  the  upper  story.  The 
raising  of  brood  to  the  upper  story 
starts  that  colony  to  working  there  im- 
mediately; and  if  it  is  done  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  honey  flow  it  puts  the 
colony  from  three  to  four  days  ahead 
of  where  it  would  have  been,  provided 
we  let  the  bees  go  up  as  they  take  the 
notion.  It  seems  considerable  work 
for  one  colony,  but  on  300  we  make  a 
good  many  dollars. 

Here  comes  Mr.  Hutchinson,  and  it 
is  near  the  beginning  of  the  honey  har- 
vest. He  has  two  upper  stories  for  his 
colony.  I  see  he  is  going  to  follow  the 
Townsend  plan,  as  he  has  no  excluder. 
He  smokes  his  colony,  takes  off  the 
cover,  and  places  both  of  the  upper 
stories  on  his  colony. 

Let  us  take  a  small  boy  for  an  ex- 
ample. There  is  a  natural  growth  to 
this  boy.  He  would  soon  need  more 
more  room  if  his  mother  should  pro- 
vided him  a  new  pair  of  pants  that 
just  fitted  him  nicely  at  the  time.  But 
see  here:  Mr.  Hutchinson  has  put  the 
father's  trousers  on  \.\\&  kid !  He  has 
added  200  per  cent,  of  room  to  his  col- 
ony at  one  time.  It  looks  as  if  the  boy 
had  gone  from  theABC  class  to  the 
multiplication  table  at  the  first  recita- 
tion.     "Smart  lad  I" 

One  of  the  grandest  truths  known  to 
the  bee-keeper  is  the  value  of  "tiering 
up."  When  a  colony  has  an  upper 
story  partly  filled,  raise  it  up,  and  put 
an  empty  super  under  it.  This  stimu- 
lates that  colony  to  work.  In  my  col- 
ony, every  bee  that  hatches  out  in  the 
upper  story  thereby  furnishes  an  empty 
cell  for  hone}'.  But  in  Mr.  Hutchin- 
son's Colony  the  queen  has  gone  to  the 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


81 


upper  story,  and  every  egg  laid  in 
those  upper  stories  occupies  a  cell  21 
days.  The  ciueen  and  the  bees  are 
both  drawinff  on  the  room  of  the  upper 
stories;  and,  as  the  brood  hatches 
in  the  lower  story  you  have  lost 
the  use  of  it  for  the  season.  Worse 
than  that,  in  some  seasons  my  bees 
have  stored  a  larg^e  amount  of  surplus 
pollen  in  those  combs,  as  the  brood 
hatched;  and  it  will  remain  there  a 
Ions'  time  unless  at  some  future  time 
these  combs  are  used  as  brood  combs. 
Bees  will  reinove  old  pollen  to  jj;ivethe 
(jueen  room,  but,  when  used  as  surplus 
combs  the  bees  store  the  honej'  on  top 
of  the  pollen. 

WHY  AN  EXCLUDER  IS  NEEDED. 

When  we  use  the  excluder,  very  little 
pollen  g^ets  in  the  upper  stories  in  a 
solid  form.  I  would  use  the  excluder 
if  they  cost  one  dollar  each  !  The  loss 
of  the  lower  story  that  was  the  brood 
nest  is  probabl3'  caused  by  our  cool 
nig'hts.  When  the  queen  g'oes  to  the 
first  upper  stor^'  it  is  not  long  before 
she  takes  possession  of  the  next  upper 
story,  and  about  all  the  work  the  bees 
do  for  the  season  will  be  done  in  the 
extracting-  supers,  leaving  your  colony 
in  the  worst  condition  possible;  not 
onlj'  for  extracting,  with  about  40  per 
cent,  of  those  combs  occupied  with 
brood,  (and  you  can  get  only  a  partial 
crop  at  the  best)  but  .see  the  work  you 
must  go  to,  to  get  \'onr  bees  into  one  of 
the  stories,  that  you  may  prepare  your 
bees  for  winter.  With  the  use  of  the 
excluder  we  have  our  brood  nest  just 
where  we  want  it  at  all  times. 

Now,  I  want  your  attention  for  just 
a  few  moments.  I  can  pass  through 
my  yards,  and  there  may  be  60  or  80 
colonies  to  my  right,  and  if  there  is  a 
colony  in  need  of  room  I  will  know  it 
ai'-^ glance.  Every  drop  of  honey 
brought  in  occupies  space;  and  it  re- 
quires twice  the  space  to  ripen  honey 
that  it  does  to  store  it.  This  is  good 
logic. 


I  have  noticed  that  your  colony  is  not 
flying  as  it  should;  there  is  something 
wrong;  the  bees  want  to  work,  they  are 
zvilling  to  work,  but  they  cannot  loork. 
A  good  colony  should  bring  In  from 
five  to  eight  pounds  per  day  at  this 
time.  Let  us  look  at  your  colony.  We 
find  that  the  upper  stories  are  pretty 
well  filled  with  honey,  though  there 
are  portions  of  fiye  or  six  combs  that 
are  not  sealed;  iji  fact  the  cells  are  not 
filled  quite  full.  Now,  close  the  hive, 
and  leave  it  three  or  four  days.  When 
3'ou  examine  this  colony  again  you 
will  find  it  in  nearly  the  same  condi- 
tion that  it  was  in  at  the  previous  ex- 
amination. The  bees  have  stored  just 
a  little  nectar  each  day  in  the  cells, 
and  this  stops  the  sealing  of  the  re- 
mainder of  the  combs.  Right  here  is 
where  you  have  lost  five  pounds  of 
honey  each  day.  At  six  cents  per 
pound  it  would  be  30  cents  for  one  col- 
ony, and  $30.00  for  100  colonies.  When 
we  have  a  good  day  for  honey,  my  bees 
must  bring  in  $100.00  worth.  I  can 
see  how  easy  it  is  to  lose  one-quarter 
or  one-half  of  it  by  neglect. 

I  can  see  one  good  thing  in  running 
bees  with  four  or  five  visits  a  year;  the 
the  owner  would  never  know  or  even 
suspect  that  he  has  sustained  any  loss. 
While,  on  the  other  hand,  the  man  that 
is  after  his  bees  all  of  the  time,  always 
in  season  with  everything  that  should 
be  done,  can  plainly  see  where  he  has 
made  a  big  thing. 

THE   ADVANTAGES    OK   TIERING   UP   IN  A 
PROPER    MANNER. 

In  putting  on  upper  stories,  every 
empty  super  should  be  placed  rigb*^ 
next  to  the  brood  nest.  There  is  the 
best  of  reasons  for  this.  1  keep  the 
first  super  put  on  at  the  top,  as  it  con- 
tains the  first  honey  brought  in,  and 
the  honey  in  this  upper  story  is  sealed 
first.  Daring  the  honey  season  I  visit 
each  yard  at  least  twico  each  week, 
and  three  times  if  honey  is  coming  in 
rapidly.     I  do    this  for    the  purpose  of 


82 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


storifying'.  I  never  add  two  stories  at 
a  time  as  this  is  wronff.  Put  on  one 
story  at  a  time,  and  tliat  just  wiiere  it 
should  be.  It  stimulates  the  colony  to 
work;  it  adds  industry  and  vigor  to 
the  bees,  and  as  soon  as  they  need  it 
I  put  on  another  story.  I  keep  my 
bees  working  as  well  as  a  colony  that 
was  a  prime  swarm  the  day  before; 
and  there  will  be  no  swanmng. 

Three  years  ago  was  a  good  season. 
Mj'  home  yard  colonies  were  all  three 
or  four  stories  high — nearly  all  four — 
the  two  upper  stories  were  filled  and 
nearly  all  sealed.  I  commenced  ex- 
tracting, and  I  took  an  average  of  70 
pounds  per  colony  at  the  first  extract- 
ing; and,  although,  for  the  want  of 
cans,  it  was  five  days  before  I  finished 
the  yard,  of  course  I  got  70  pounds 
from  each  colony  extracted  the  last  day. 
As  fast  as  I  extracted  I  gave  the  col- 
onies more  room,  and  when  I  had  fin- 
ished extracting,  the  colonies  extracted 
the  first  day  had  from  30  to  40  pounds 
more  honey  than  those  extracted  the 
last  day.  Here  was  a  loss  of  over  4,000 
pounds  in  my  home  yard.  The  yard 
was  large,  and,  of  course,  I  only  lost 
on  those  needing  room.  Many  times 
we  think  our  bees  have  plenty  of  room, 
but,  if  we  look  carefully,  and  do  a  lit- 
tle figuring,  we  will  find  that  five  or 
six  pounds  of  honey  will  fill  every  cell 
full  in  the  extracting  supers  The  bees 
should  bring  in  from  five  to  seven 
pounds  per  day,  but  you  have  got  them 
where  they  store  less  than  one.  Care- 
ful attention  at  this  time  furnishes  you 
the  hammer  that  will  drive  the  nails 
every  time,  when  you  are  building  for 
a  large  crop  of  honey:  and,  during  the 
honey  season,  you  must  make  up  your 
mind  to  live  iviih  your  bees. 

I.IGHTNING  MKTHODS  OK  KXAMINA- 
TION. 

I  like  to  work  with  my  bees.  When  I 
examine  my  colonies  to  find  out  if 
they  need  more  room,  I  go  over  Ihem  at 
the  rate  of  four  a  minute,  or  one  in 
15    seconds,   and    I    don't   hurry    to  do 


this.  Of  course,  if  a  colony  needs  an 
extra  super  put  on,  that  would  take 
more  time.  You  may  laugh  at  me,  but 
here  is  my  way:  I  always  keep  a 
smoker  going,  so  that  if  it  is  necessary 
to  put  on  more  supers  I  can  use  it.  In 
working  with  the  bees  I  prefer  rubbers, 
or  shoes  with  rubber  soles,  as  I  wish 
to  slip  up  to  the  bees  so  quickly,  yet  so 
quietly,  that  they  do  not  know  that  I 
am  in  the  yard.  At  the  first  examina- 
tion in  the  spring  I  clean  all  the  pro- 
polis from  the  under  side  of  the  covers, 
and  we  have  no  more  to  bother  here  till 
in  August.  M3'  covers  are  two  inches 
longer  than  the  hives,  and  extend  one 
inch  in  front  and  back,  when  on  the 
hives.  Now  we  are  ready  for  business. 
I  always  approach  the  hives  so  that 
my  right  hand  is  towards  the  entrance. 
Grasping  the  front  end  of  the  cover 
with  the  right  hand,  and  the  back  end 
with  the  left.  I  jerk  instantly,  and 
hard  enough,  to  bring  the  cover  clear 
from  the  hive.  I  can  move  the  cover  in 
any  direction  till  the  larger  part  of  the 
hive  or  extracting  super  is  exposed, 
and  then  bring  it  back  to  its  place. 
This  operation  requires /^^.s  than  two  sec- 
onds, and  I  have  13  seconds  left  to  ^o 
eight  feet  to  the  next  colony.  Why  did 
I  do  this  way  ?  The  very  second  that  I 
jerked  the  cover  loose,  I  let  in  daylight 
on  those  bees,  and  saw  the  exact  condi- 
tion of  the  colony.  I  saw  the  number 
of  spaces  occupied,  and  if  an  extracting 
super,  I  judged  very  accuratelj'  as  to 
the  amount  of  honey  in  the  super.  I 
closed  the  hive  and  did  not  even  dis- 
turb the  bees;  if  I  did,  I  was  gone  and 
they  never  knew  anything  about  it. 

Not  long  ago  I  visited  a  young  bee- 
keeper, and  he  wanted  to  show  me  his 
bees.  He  was  on  one -side  of  the  hive 
with  a  screw  driver,  and  I  on  the  other 
with  a  jackknife.  But  before  the  cover 
would  loosen,  he  had  to  get  a  chisel. 
Now  every  jar,  every  bunglesome  move 
we  made  about  the  colony  was  ?ii  challenge 
to  fight,  and  when  we  did  get  the  cover 
off,  the  first  thing  I  could    smell  was— 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


83 


well  "venom"     I  think  that  is  the  word 
I  want. 

To  make  g'ood  progress  in  working^ 
with  bees  we  must  have  simplicity  in 
hives  and  fixtures,  and  skill  in  handl- 
ing- the  bees,  that  we  do  it  in  such  a 
way  as  to  make  the  least  disturbance 
to  the  bees  and  trouble  to  ourselves. 

Northern  Michig-an  is  a  healthful 
country.  It  has  the  best  of  water,  and 
is  good  for  fruit.  Land  is  from  $5  00 
to  $10.00  per  acre  for  wild  land  that 
has  been  lumbered.  Ourfarmers,  even 
the  smaller  ones,  are  making-  money, 
and  are  contented;  in  fact,  it  is  as  good 
for  farming-  as  it  is  for  bees.  I  have 
been  here  over  25  years,  and  the  worst 
objection,  really,  the  only  one  I  have, 
is  the  deep  snow  in  winter;  but,  to  suc- 
ceed at  anj^thing  it  requires  push. 
Many  men  choose  a  business  that  they 
are  not  adapted  to.  The}'  start  right, 
but  soon  they  beud  their  business  to 
meet  their  own  ideas  and  inclinations; 
this  soon  becomes  too  much  of  a  strain 
on  the  business,  and  the  result  is  a 
collapse. 

In  the  last  18  jears  I  have  sold  bees 
to  nine  different  men,  giving- them  the 
best  advice  that  I  could  at  the  time,  to 
get  them  started  right,  and,  today, 
only  one  owns  any  bees.  Neglect  of 
their  bees  and  the  winter  problem  has 
trimmed  them  up  in  good  shape. 

Mancelona,  Mich.,  Jan.  2?y,  1906. 

[It  has  been  a  long^  time  since  1  have 
received  a  communication  the  reading 
of  which  I  enjoyed  as  I  did  the  reading 
of  the  foregoing-.  There  are  several 
reasons  for  this.  One  is  that  it 
opposes  the  views  that  I  have  ex- 
pressed It  is  seldom  that  I  can  induce 
a  correspondent  to  do  this.  Of  course, 
I  don't  wish  a  man  to  oppose  me  just 
for  the  sake  of  being-  obstinate,  but,  if 
he  doesn't  agree  he  is  inclined  to  keep 
still.  Another  thing  that  I  enjoyed  is 
the  way  that  it  is  told.  It  is  so  clear- 
cut,  so  graphic,  yes,  even  humorous, 
and  above  all,  so  fair.     Another  thing-, 


the  Review,  of  late  has  been  advocat- 
ing extensive  bee-keeping,  and  it  is 
only  fair  to  admit  that  there  are  two 
sides  to  the  question,  and  that  the  Re- 
view-readers should  hear  both  sides. 
Mr.  Chapman  makes  a  good  point 
when  he  says  that  experienced  men 
mig-ht  succeed  where  the  beginner 
would  fail.  I  certainly  would  not  wish 
to  be  understood  as  encourag-ing  the 
novice  to  endulge  in  this  long-range 
bee-keeping;  and  Imaj-as  well  explain 
right  here  that  I  fear  I  gave  a  wrong 
impression  in  the  December  issue,  al- 
though it  seems  as  though  I  made  it 
clear  enough,  viz.,  that  I  do  not  expect 
to  start  in  the  coining  year  to  manage 
an  apiary  with  only  four  or  five  visits 
a  year.  What  I  said  was  that  I  had 
started  in  to  "develop  a  system  that 
would  enable  me  to  do  that. "  That  is, 
I  am  working  in  that  direction — have 
that  end  in  view,  but  shall  work  very 
cautiously  at  the  outset.  First,  I  must 
learn  my  locality.  It  would  be  poor 
policy  for  a  bee-keeper  to  do  much  ex- 
perimenting in  a  locality  with  which 
he  is  not  perfectly  familiar. 

Before  taking  up  Mr.  Chapman's 
article  point  by  point,  it  may  be  well 
to  say  that,  in  a  general  way,  I  have 
been  arguing  for  extensive  bee-keep- 
ing; for  keeping  bees  extensively  in 
large  numbers,  and  then  putting  into 
practice  all  of  the  short-cuts  possible; 
perhaps  leaving  undone  some  things 
that  a  man  with  fewer  colonies  might 
find  it  profitable  to  do.  Mr.  Chapman 
takes  the  opposite  view,  that  of  having 
fewer  bees,  looking  after  them  with 
great  care,  and  doing  all  things  pos- 
sible to  increase  the  crop.  Just  what 
it  will  pay  to  do  with  the  bees,  or  for 
the  bees,  and  what  it  will  be  more  pro- 
fitable to  leave  undone,  brings  up  one 
of  those  fine  points  upon  which  we  can 
make  no  cast  iron  rules.  What  might 
really  be  called  neglect  under  certain 
conditions,  might  be  called,  well — 
profitable  neglect,  under  other  condi- 
tions.    Here  is  the  point:     Some  things 


84 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE"W 


may  be  done  at  a  profit,  but  there  are 
others  that  may  be  done  ?i\.  s.  greater 
profit,  and  it  is  more  profitable,  in  the 
ag^gregate,  if  we  use  our  time  in  doing 
those  things  that  are  the  more  profit- 
able. To  illustrate:  If  a  man  has  a 
single  apiary  of  100  colonies,  and  is 
able  to  keep  the  honey  extracted  so 
that  there  is  no  loss  for  lack  of  stor- 
age room,  he  maj'  secure  100  pounds  of 
honey  per  colony.  Not  to  extract 
promptly  in  this  case  would  be  neglect. 
Let  us  suppose  that  another  man  has 
six  apiaries  of  100  colonies  each,  and 
he  is  so  busy  giving  stories  of  empty 
comb  during  one  of  these  "honey  show- 
ers" that  he  rteglects  (?)  to  extract 
from  some  colonies  that  ^iiay  need  it. 
This  is  what  might  be  called  "profit- 
able neglect."  The  man  with  the  six 
apiaries  may  lose  25  pounds  per  colon^^ 
from  his  "neglect,"  but  he  gets  45,000 
pounds  of  honey,  while  the  man  who 
has  not  "neglected"  his  bees  gets  only 
10,000.  Seethe  point?  The  man  with 
a  few  colonies  does  well  to  make  the 
most  of  them,  but  the  man  who  has  the 
ability,  inclination,  and  capital,  to 
keep  more  bees,  drawing  the  line  care- 
fully between  proper  and  improper 
neglect,  will  make  more  money. 

I  see  that  my  good  friend  takes  it  for 
granted  that  I  will  not  use  queen  ex- 
cluders. In  the  December  Review  I 
asked  the  question,  in  a  parenthesis, 
if  Is/wuld  use  them.  That  is,  I  wanted 
my  subscribers  to  say  which  plan  I 
better  follow.  I  expected  then  that  I 
should  use  them,  but  I  was  not  abso- 
lutely/>t»Ji7/z'^,  and  I  am  very  glad  to 
get  Mr.  Chapman's  views.  However, 
some  men,  notably,  Mr.  Townsend, 
have  made  a  success  of  producing  ex- 
tracted honey  without  them,  but  the 
management  was  different  from  that 
followed  by  Mr.  Chapman.  I  expect 
to  use  them,  and  to  practice  tiering 
up,  to  a  certain  extent,  substantially 
as  described  by  Mr.  Chapman;  but  I 
must  say,  that,  to  me,  the  raising  uji 
of   brood    seems    to  be   another  case  of 


something  that  may  be  profitable,  bat  I 
think  thetim'^  might  be  mot'e  profitably 
spent.  I  must  admit  that  my  experi- 
ence is  limited  on  this  point,  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  my  good  friend 
Chapman,  but  I  have  never  seen  the 
least  dilificulty  whatever  in  getting  bees 
started  to  storing  honey  in  extracting 
supers  of  drawn  combs,  providing 
honey  was  being  brought  in.  In  the 
verj'  same  mail  that  brought  me  Mr. 
Chapman's  article,  came  a  letter  from 
Mr.  Walter  Harmer,  of  Manistee, 
Michigan.  Let  me  quote  one  para- 
graph: "On  the  16th  da}'  of  last  June, 
at  10:30  a.  m  ,  I  unloaded  and  liberated 
20  strong  colonies  of  bees  at  an  out- 
apiary  13  m'les  from  home.  The  white 
clover  was  abundant,  so  much  so  that 
it  was  almost  impossible  to  walkabout 
after  releasing  the  bees,  without  step- 
ping on  them.  I  put  on  supers  filled 
with  empty  combs;  and  just  before 
hitching  up  my  team  to  start  for  home, 
I  examined  these  supers,  and  found 
the  bees  alreadj'  storing  hoiiey  in 
them.''''  Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend  came 
home  with  me  from  the  Michigan  con- 
vention, and,  in  talking  over  this  point, 
he  told  me  of  two  men  who  had  in 
mind  the  moving  of  their  bees  to  a 
locality  where  willow  herb  was  in 
bloom,  but,  before  moving  the  whole 
apiary,  thought  it  would  be  well  to 
first  move  one  colony,  and  note  the 
results.  Towards  noon  they  reached 
the  location,  and  released  the  bees, 
putting  on  an  upper  story  of  empty 
combs,  the  same  as  Mr.  Harmer  did. 
In  the  afternoon  before  starting  for 
home  one  of  the  men  thought  he  would 
go  ont  and  take  a  look  at  the  combs  in 
the  super.  To  his  surprise  they  con- 
tained several  pounds  of  nectar.  He  ac- 
cused tne  other  man  of  putting  in  combs 
that  had  contained  some  honey,  but  his 
partner  was  positive  that  he  did  not. 
They  hitched  up  and  drove  post  haste, 
and,  it  seems  to  me  Mr.  Townsend 
said  they  worked  all  night  getting 
their  bees  ready  to  move  the  next  day, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


85 


but,  be  that  as  it  may,'  the  point  that  I 
wish  to  bring-  out  is  that  when  there  is 
hone}'  in  the  blossoms,  and  empty 
combs  in  the  supers,  no  extra  induce- 
ments are  needed  to  get  the  bees  to 
work  in  the  supers.  Other  objects  maj' 
be  attained  by  this  removal  of  brood  to 
the  upper  story,  it  probably  has  a 
tendency  to  prevent  swarming^,  but  it 
is  hard  for  me  to  believe  that  it  is 
really  needed  to  get  the  bees  at  work 
in  the  supers.  But  supposing  that  it 
does  start  the  bees  in  the  supers  a  trifle 
sooner,  I  doubt  the  advisability  of 
doing  it  for  that  purpose  alone.  Mr. 
M.  A.  Gill,  of  Colorado,  who  manages 
over  1,000  colonies,  said,  in  the  Janu- 
ary Review,  that  his  aim  in  earlj' 
spring  was  not  to  see  how  injich  work 
he  could  do,  but  how  little.  You  see, 
it  depends  upon  the  point  of  view,  of 
how  we  look  at  things.  Mr.  Chapman 
is  aiming  to  see  how  many  things  and 
how  much  he  can  do  to  get  as  much 
hone}'  as  possible  from  a  given  number 
of  bees,  and  I  am  scheming  to  see  how 
many  operations  may  be  left  out  in 
order  that  I  may  keep  more  bees.  In 
a  certain  sense  we  ma}'  both  be  right. 
A  man  with  a  limited  number  of  bees 
is  certainly  justified  in  doing  every- 
thing that  he  can  to  increase  his  crop, 
and,  as  to  the  extent  that  their  num- 
bers may  be  increased  by  practicing 
mure  or  less  "neglect,"  is  a  point  that 
each  man  must  decide  for  himself. 

The  illustration  that  Mr.  Chapman 
gives  in  regard  to  giving  a  large 
amount  of  surplus  room  at  once  (put- 
ting daddy's  trousers  on  the  kid)  is 
decidedly  graphic  and  humorous.  I 
can  just  imagine  how  it  would  have 
"l)rought  down  the  house"  at  a  conven- 
tion. But,  seriously,  at  the  time  when 
surplus  room  is  given,  the  weather  is 
usuall}"^  so  warm  that  the  question  of 
loss  of  heat  does  not  cut  any  great 
figure;  but  Mr.  Chapman  says  that 
tiering  up,  raising  up  one  story  and 
putting  another  under  it,  acts  as  a 
stimulus    to  the    bees.     I  must  confess 


that,  from  my  own  experience,  I  am 
unable  to  say  whether  I  can  agree  with 
him  or  not.  Supjiose  we  put  one  super 
on  one  hive,  and  two  supers  on  another 
hive.  When  the  super  on  the  hive  with 
a  single  super  is  partly  full,  we  will 
raise  it,  and  put  another  under  it. 
Query,  which  colony  will  produce  the 
greater  quantity  of  surplus  ?  I  must 
confess  that  I  doa't  know.  Suppose 
that  tiering  up  does  produce  greater 
results,  it  brings  us  right  back  to  the 
primary  question  of  this  discussion, 
viz  ,  shall  we  keep  fewer  bees  and  do 
a  lot  of  work  with  them,  or  shall  we 
keep  more  bees  and  do  less  work  ?  I 
might  add,  however,  that  tiering  up  is 
not  a  great  deal  more  work  than  put- 
ting on  all  the  supers  at  once,  and  it 
might  be  advisable,  unless  a  man  had 
a  long  ways  to  go  to  his  apiary,  to  put 
on  one  upper  story,  and  then  later,  go 
again,  make  an  extra  trip,  and  put  an- 
other story  under  the  first  one.  There 
is  another  point  comes  up  here,  and 
that  is,  that  tiering  up  gives  a  differ- 
ent age  to  the  honey  in  each  super. 
That  in  the  top  super  is  ready  to  ex- 
tract first,  and,  unless  we  are  to  wait 
about  extracting  until  the  harvest  is 
over,  this  might  be  a  very  important 
point. 

This  whole  matter  can  be  simmered 
down  in  a  very  few  words,  and  that  is, 
that  each  man  must  carefully  plan  and 
work  out  a  system  that  is  fitted  to  him- 
self and  his  environments,  and  what  is 
best  for  one  man  may  be  very  bad  man- 
agement for  another. 

In  closing  let  me  say  that  such  an 
argument  as  this  'sone  that  I  heartily 
enjoy.  No  personalities,  no  sarcasm, 
just  plain,  straight  forward  fair  argu- 
ment, that  raises  each  in  the  opinion 
of  the  other,  and  cements  friendships 
instead  of  shattering  them.  Neither 
may  be  able  to  prove  that  he  is  wholl}' 
in  the  right  (and,  perhaps,  he  isn't) 
but  the  arguments  throw  added  light 
upon  the  subject  under  discussion. — 
Ed.  Review.) 


86 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


,Vrf^<-«^»,<i-,^-»^^»,^»^-».ir^^««jr^»^«.«'«««^«.*»J!'«»;im»*^^*<'<^^^^»'«>i^'»'*^*»*'>^**i»«'«««^«.*»^«»^li'V^*^»AM«.**^««"^«*»n'««^'<^«. 


The  Bee  and  Honey  Co  ,  of  Beeville, 
Texas,  has  bought  the  Atchley  steam 
bee  hive  factory,  and  moved  the  same 
to  the  railroad  track  in  Beeville,  where 
it  is  in  better  shape  than  ever  to  ac- 
commodate patrons. 


>  •Mf  <i^»,»fcF»^ 


Enthusiasm  is  a  great  thing.  Coupled 
with  good  judgment,  industry  and  per- 
severance it  can  accomplish  wonders. 
It  can't  do  everything,  but  it  is  the 
foundation  and  the  keystone  of  nearly 
every  success.  If  a  man  has  no  enthus- 
iasm for  his  work,  he  better  manufac- 
ture some  at  once,  or  else  get  into  some 
business  for  which  he  can  have  some 
enthusiasm. 


tf^P'xl^'i^MK 


This  Issue  of  the  Review  is  out  on 
time,  and,  it  is  likely  that  the  one  for 
April  will  also  be  out  on  time, 
although  it  \s  possible  that  it  may  be  a 
few  days  late,  as  I  expect  to  be  in 
Northern  Michigan  the  fore  part  of 
April  selecting  locations  for  the  several 
apiaries  that  we  expect  to  move  there 
this  spring. 


•m^'m.'-m^^'t'^^^ 


Foundation  can  be  fastened  into  brood 
frames  as  satisfactorily  by  using  the 
melted  wax  plan  as  by  any  method. 
In  using  this  plan,  some  put  on  the 
melted  wax  from  a  spoon,  others  use 
the  Van  Deusen  wax  tube,  but  Mr.  M. 
D.  Whitcher,  of  Los  Olives,  Calif., 
writes  that  an  ordinary,  spring^-bottom 
oil  can,  holding  about  a  pint,  is  ahead 
of  all  these  for  putting  on  the  wax. 
Keep  the  wax  just  hot  enough  by  set- 
ting the  can  over  a  small  oil  stove. 
Have  a  handle  on  the  can  to  take  it  up 
by,  or  else  use  a  cloth  "holder." 


Divisible  Brood  Chamber  Hives  allow  of 
the  transposition  of  the  halves  of  the 
brood  nest;  raising  the  lower  half  and 
putting  the  upper  half  beneath  it. 
This  divides  the  globular  form  of  the 
brood  nest  in  the  center,  bringing  the 
large,  flat  surfaces  to  the  top  and  bot- 
tom, and  putting  the  spherical  points 
in  the  center.  In  one  sense  this  is 
spreading  of  the  br  od.  Mr  Louis  F. 
Burgess,  of  Danbury,  Conn.,  wishes 
to  know  how  extensively  this  has  been 
practiced,  and  with  what  results.  If 
any  of  the  readers  of  the  Review  have 
had  experience  in  this  line,  let's  hear 
from  them. 


«.»»»«»»»  a^** 


Northern  Michigan  beekeepers  will 
hold  their  annual  convention  in  Kal- 
kaska, April  4th  and  5th.  Special 
rates  at  the  Manning  Hotel.  My 
brother  Elmer  and  myself  expect  to  be 
present,  as  well  as  Mr.  Root  of  Glean 
ings,  Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend,  Mr.  Chap- 
man, Mr.  Kirkpatrick  and  others  "too 
numerous  to  mention"  A  set  of  bee- 
keeping, stereopticon  slides  have  been 
secured  from  the  A.  I.  Root  Cj.,  and 
will  be  shown  one  evening.  All  are 
cordially  invited  to  attend. 


»Fi»U»^^»»^L" 


Pennsylvania  bee-keepers  will  hold 
their  annual  convention  at  the  State 
College,  March  29th  and  30th,  first  ses- 
sion being  on  the  evening  of  Mirch 
29th.  Excursion  rates  for  the  round 
trip  for  one  and  one-third  fare  will  be 
furnished  upon  card  orders  to  be  fur- 
nished free  by  the  Secretary,  Rev.  D. 
L.  Woods,  ot  Muncy,  Penn.,  or  by  the 
President,  Prof.  H.  A  Surface,  Har- 
risburg,  Penn.  Persons  wishing  to 
attend  should  write  for  a  card  for  each 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


system  of  railroad  over  which  they 
will  travel  in  coming^  to  the  convention. 
Speakers  present  will  be  Dr.  E.  F. 
Phillips  of  Washington,  D.  C,  K.  R. 
Root  and  E.  L.  Pratt  (Swarthmore). 
A  cordial  invitation  is  extended  to 
all. 

The  Mixing  up  of  the  bees  of  different 
colonies  when  the^y  are  first  set  out  of 
the  cellar  is  sometimes  a  serious  affair. 
Some  say  that  this  can  be  avoided  bj' 
placing-  each  colony  upon  the  same 
stand  as  occupied  the  previous  season  ; 
this  may  help  a  little,  but  it  will  not 
entirely  prevent  it.  If  a  strong  colony 
comes  out  with  a  rush,  then  some  one 
near  it  follows  out,  the  bees  of  the 
latter  are  quite  likely  to  join  in  with 
the  former.  If  the  bees  are  taken  out 
when  it  is  warm  enough  for  ihem  to 
fly,  something  can  be  done  to  avoid 
mixing  by  scattering  the  colonies  as 
the}'  are  carried  out.  Carrj'  the  first 
colony  to  the  northeast  corner  of  the 
yard,  the  next  to  the  southwest  corner, 
the  next  to  the  southeast  corner,  and 
so  on,  never  putting  two  colonies  near 
each  other  when  they  have  just  been 
brougiit  out.  In  this  waj',  a  colony 
will  have  quieted  down  before  another 
is    set  out  near  it. 

Another  aid  in  this  matter  is  that  of 
contracting  the  entrances  to  all  hives, 
so  that  no  more  than  two  or  three  bees 
can  pass  the  entrance  at  once.  Then  a 
strong  colony  can  not  throw  all  of  the 
bees  into  the  air  at  once — it  can  make 
no  more  demonstration  than  can  be 
made  by  a  weak  colony. 

A  Honey  House,  and  a  work-shop,  are 
something  that  every  bee-keeper  must 
have.  I  e.xpect  to  build  one  up  north 
the  coming  spring.  I  intend  to  build 
it  over  a  cellar  dug  in  a  sandy  hillside, 
the  cellar  to  be  used  in  wintering  the 
bees.  The  house  will  be  used  as  a 
storage  room  for  honey  and  hives,  for 
extracting   honey,    and    as    a   general 


work  shop.  I  expect  to  put  ui>  a  par- 
tition across  the  center,  so  as  to  use 
one  end  for  storing  honey  before  it  is 
extracted,  and  warming  it  up  with  a 
fire  before  extracting  it.  When  the 
honey  is  extracted,  I  expect  to  strain 
it  in  the  extractor  a  la  Holtermann, 
and  run  the  honey  down  through  the 
floor,  with  a  rubber  hose,  and  fill  up 
the  tin  cans  as  I  extract,  storing  them 
in  the  cellar  until  sent  to  market.  I 
wish  for  criticisms  and  suggestions  in 
regard  to  building  this  cellar  and 
house.  In  the  first  place,  it  must  be 
built  as  cheaply  as  possible,  as  I  may 
not  wish  to  remain  in  that  location 
more  than  two  or  three  years,  at  the 
most — and  I  may — that  is  uncertain.  I 
had  thought  of  putting  down  cedar 
posts  and  boarding  up  the  walls  of  the 
cellar  with  hemlock  lumber  to  keep  the 
earth  in  place.  In  building  the  house 
I  would  use  cheap  lumber  for  the  sides, 
batten  the  cracks  and  cover  the  roof 
with  some  kind  of  roofing;  perhaps 
Paroid:  Is  there  anything  more  de- 
sirable ?  What  size  shall  I  make  it  ?  I 
may  wish  to  put  500  colonies  of  bees  in 
the  cellar  next  winter.  By  the  way,  I  ex- 
pect to  have  double  floors,  and  the  space 
between,  from  eight  to  twelve  inches, 
filled  with  saw  dust  or  planer  shavings. 
Mr.  S.  W.  Cressy,  of  Corinth,  Maine, 
wishes  to  build  a  workshop  and  ex- 
tracting room  the  coming  season,  to 
accommodate  for  working  from  250  to 
300  colonies,  and  he,  too,  would  like 
some  "working  pointers." 

Co-Operation. 

Co-operation  is,  I  believe,  the  next 
step  that  bee-keepers  need  to  take.  I 
know  we  have  talked  this  before,  and 
felt  that  something  might  be  done  in  a 
National  wa3',  but  it  has  always 
ended  in  talk-  there  are  too  many  ob- 
stacles and  complications.  Perhaps  1 
ought  to  except  the  fact  that  the  mem- 
bers of  the  National    Association    are 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


able  to  buy  tin  cans  at  a  lower  rate. 
Why  could  not  this  plan  be  applied  to 
foundation,  sections,  and  the  like  ? 

While  National  co-operation,  with  this 
one  exception,  has  been  a  failure,  it  is 
a  pleasure  to  note  one  or  two  brilliant 
examples  of  co-operation,  viz.,  the 
Colorado  Honey  Producers'  Associa- 
tion, and  that  of  the  St.  Croix  Valley 
Honey  Producers'  Association,  with 
headquarters  at  Glenwood,  Wis.  Ac- 
cording to  the  Rural  Bee-Keeper,  this 
Association  bought  $1,400  worth  of  sup- 
plies for  its  members  last  year,  effect- 
ing' a  saving  of  $600.  This  Association 
now  has  a  membership  of  over  200,  and 
they  are  not  all  in  Wisconsin,  either. 
Some  are  Minnesota.  Iowa,  South 
Dakota  and  Michigan.  I  would  sug- 
gest that  every  bee-keeper  in  profitable 
shipping  distance  of  this  Association 
join  in,  and  help  himself  and  others — 
co-operate.  Write  to  the  Manager, 
LeoF.  Hanegan,  Glenwood,  Wis.  Mr. 
Hanegan  is  reall}'  the  prime  mover, 
the  father,  of  this  Association,  and 
what  he  has  done  in  Wisconsin  can  be 
done  in  other  States.  New  York  is 
following  along  in  this  line,  and  I 
shall  be  interested  in  seeing  how  she 
will  succeed. 


Mf-mP'a^^'-u'-m^ 


The  Aspinwail  Hive. 

It  was  nearly  20  years  ago  when  I 
first  met  Mr.  Aspinwail,  at  a  State 
fair,  in  Lansing,  Michigan,  and  we 
drove  out  to  the  Agricultural  College 
to  see  a  colony  of  bees  occupying  zvooden 
combs.  It  certainly  was  a  novel  sight 
to  see  the  queen  laying,  brood  being 
reared  and  capped,  honey  being  stored 
and  sealed  over,  all  in  little  round 
holes  drilled  in  slabs  of  wood.  Mr. 
Aspinwall's  theory  at  that  time  was 
that  by  preventing  drone  production, 
swarming  would  be  prevented.  The 
use  of  wooden  combs  proved  that  the 
theory  was  not  correct.  His  next 
theor}'  was  that  swarming  might  be 
prevented  by    avoiding  a  crowded  con- 


dition in  the  hive — by  furnishing  lots 
of  room  for  the  bees  in  proportion  to 
the  combs  occupied.  It  was  easy  to 
give  this  room  by  spreading  the  combs 
apart,  and  giving  space  outside  the 
combs,  between  them  and  the  walls  of 
the  hive,  but  the  trouble  was  that  the 
bees  would  build  combs  in  this  space, 
and  thus  defeat  the  object.  Mr.  Aspin- 
wail filled  these  spaces  with  dummies. 
His  first  dummies  were  slabs  of  wood 
with  holes  bored  through  them.  He 
found  that  slats  of  wood  were  just  as 
effectual,  and  much  cheaper  to  make. 
The  introduction  of  these  slatted  dum- 
mies prevented  swarming,  provided  a 
generous  surplus  room  was  given. 
That  was  decided  a  dozen  years  ago, 
but  there  were  other  factors  that 
sprang  up;  principally  the  putting  of 
pollen  in  the  sections.  This  has  been 
overcome  at  last  by  the  use  of  drone- 
cell  foundation  in  the  sections  that  are 
over  the  brood  nest.  The  hive  is  now 
a  practical  success,  and  has  been  for 
two  or  three  years.  One  or  two  minor 
points  are  yet  to  be  decided.  For  in- 
instance,  Mr.  Aspinwail  is  not  3'et  de- 
cided as  to  the  best  thickness  to  have 
the  dummies.  He  is  using  them  much 
thinner  now  than  at  first,  and  they  are 
effective.  How  far  this  reduction  in 
thickness  can  be  carried  is  yet  to  be 
determined. 

Isn't  the  hive  expensive  ?  How  much 
will  it  cost  ?  These  are  the  questions 
that  will  be  asked.  Of  course  it  will 
cost  more  than  an  ordinary  hive;  but 
special  machinery  can  cut  up  the  stuff 
for  the  dummies  at  a  low  cost,  and  they 
can  be  made  from  the  waste  of  a  hive 
factory.  Let  us  suppose  that  a  hive 
would  cost  $2.00  more  than  an  ordin- 
ary hive,  which  is  an  extreme  figure, 
the  interest  would  be  onlj'  12cts  a  year 
on  a  hi"e.  If  a  man  could  put  out  an 
apiary  of  100  colonies  a  dozen  miles 
from  home,  and  get  a  big  crop  of  comb 
honey,  couldn't  he  afford  to  pa}'  $12.00 
to  have  absolutely  no  swarming — no 
desire  to  swarm  .'' 


THE  BEE-IfEEPERS'  REVIEW 


m 


Did  5-ou  ovor  stop  to  consider  why  jou  should  insist  on  Lewis  groods  in  preference  to  any  other? 

At  the  Lewis  Factory  the  greatest  pains  are  taken  to  see  that  all  kccxIs  are  made  scient  itically 
correct. 

Perfect  matciiintr.  necessary  bee  spaciiisr.  accurate  dovetailintf,  corri-jt  grooving:  and  careful 
polishing,  besides  a  thousand  and  one  other  important  details  of  manufacture  are  all  brought  to  bear 
as  a  result  of  the  thirty  years'  experience  of  the  Lewis  beeware  specialists. 

Lewis'  Goods  gf  together  right.     Why  ?    Because  they  are  right. 

Every  part  is  made  to  fit  every  other  part  just  like  a  watch. 

r>'.wis  hives  and  sections  go  together  with  a  snap. 

V.  iiat  a  comfort  it  is  to  have  bee  goods  fit  I 

What  bee-keeper  can  estimate  the  value  of  time  and  patir-nce  lost  with  pcxir  goods  that  don't  and 
won't  go  together  accurately?    Steer  clear  of  them  by  ordering  Lewis'  goods. 

You  can't  afford  to  take  chances  of  not  receiving  full  value  for  your  money  even  if  the  goods  are 
ordereii  '  the  winter  time.  But  now  -suppose  it  is  swarminif  season,  hives  brimful  of  honey,  bees  are 
busy,  jou  can't  afford  to  tie  up  your  bee  industry,  lose  time,  lose  money  and  have  your  peace  of  mind 
annoyed  and  patience  tried  by  bothering  with  ill-fitting,  inferior  goods,  Lewis  goods  are  necessary  to 
your  welfare  and  happiness. 

Look  for  the  brand.     Send  for  catalog  today,  if  you  haven't  one. 

There  are  a  score  of  our  agents  besides  ourselves  who  can  furnish  you  with  Ll'wIs  goods  at  factory 
pricts.     The  J'  are: 


ENGLAND— E.  H.  Taylor,  Welwyn.  Herts, 
CUBA— C.  B,   Stevens  &  Co.,  Havana. 

C.    B.  Stevens  &   Co.,    Manzanillo. 
CALIFORNIA— Paul  Bachert,  Lancaster. 

The  Chas.  H.  Lilly  Co..  San  Francisco. 
COLOR  ADO— K.  C.  Aikm,  Loveland. 

Arkansas  Vallej-  Honey-Producers'  Asf(x:iation, 

Rocky  Ford, 

Colo,   Honi-y-Produa-rs'  Association,  Denver. 
COLORADO     Fruit  Growers' Asso.,  (Jrand  June. 

■<oberl  Halley,  Montrose. 
ILLINOIS— York     Honey     &    Bee    Supply    Co., 

Chicago. 
Dadant  &  Sons.  Hamilton    Ills. 


IOWA— Adam  A.  Clark,  Le  Mars. 

Louis  Hanssen's  Sons,  Davenport. 
INDIANA-C.  M.  Scott  &  Co.,  Indianapolis. 
MICHIGAN— A.     G.     Wocxlman    &    Co.,    (;rand 

Rapids. 
MINNESOTA— Wis.  Lumber  Co..  Fairhault. 
MISSOURI— E.  T.  Abbott,  St,  Joseph. 
OHIO— Norris  &  Anspach,  Kenton. 
OREGON-The  Chas.  H.  Lilly  Co..  Portland. 
PENNSYLVANIA-Cleaver  &  Greene,  Troy. 
TEXAS— Southwestern  Bee  Co.,  San  Antonio. 
UTAH     Fred  Foulger  &  Sons,  Ogden. 
WASHIN<;T0N     The    Chas.      H.      Lilly      Co. 

Seattle. 


G.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 

WATERTOWN,  WIS.  U    S.  A. 


IPleadlaM( 


It  appears  that  Advanced  Bke  Culture  has  an  un- 
expected merit,  one  that  was  not  planned — just  g^rew  of 
itself.  The  5/r/^  is  enjoyable.  Dr.  Miller  sa^'s:  "It  has 
the  fine  quality  of  being:  readable."  Somnambulist,  in 
the  Progressive,  says:  "From  the  single  spray  of  white 
clover  which  has  attracted  a  golden  bee,  on  the  front 
cover,  to  the  very  last  page,  fascination  holds 
sway."  While  attending  the  recent,  Michigan  con- 
vention, I  had  the  pleasure,  one  night,  of  occupying  the 
same  room  with  Ernest  Root,  and,  in  those  semi-con- 
fidential chats  that  we  always  have  on  such  occasions, 
he  told  me  that,  once  he  beg'an  reading  the  book,  he 
could  not  lay  it  down;  it  was  simply  irresistible — like  a 
story. 

In  writing  the  book  there  was  no  attempt,  not  even 
a  thought  of  making"  it  "readable."  Had  I  had  this 
object  in  view,  it  is  more  than  likely  that  I  would  have 
spoiled  it.  I  suspect  that  this  very  charm  lies  in  its  un- 
conscious simplicity.  I  was  full  of  my  subject,  to 
overflowing,  and  then  tried  to  write  so  simply  and 
clearly  that  my  readers  would  see  the  ideas  rather 
than  the  language  in  which  they  were  expressed;  and, 
now  to  be  told  that  the  book  is  "readable,"  "fascina- 
ting," and  "irresistible,"  brings  to  me  an  added  pleasure 
I  think  that  I  enjoy  tine  writing,  word  pictures, 
imagery,  poetry,  etc.,  as  much  as  any  one  does,  but 
when  it  comes  to  describing  the  intricacies  of  bee-keep- 
ing, simplicity  is  best. 

There  is  also  one  other  point  along  this  line  that 
oug-ht  to  be  mentioned,  and  that  is  the  conciseness  of 
the  style — it  is  boiled  down.     It    would  have    been  an 


easj'  matter  to  have  made  the  book  twice  its  present 
size,  yet  have  gfiven  no  more  facts  or  information.  I  be- 
Wcve  that  Dr.  Miller  once  praised  my  ability  to  say 
much  in  a  few  words — of  being-  able  to  condense — and 
this  trait  shows  itself  in  the  pages  of  Advanckd  Beic 
Cn/ruKio. 


Oim  tihe  Spot 

In  most  professions,  a  man  must  have  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  his  business,  tucked  away  in  his  head, 
where  it  is  available  at  all  times.  The  life  of  a  sick  man 
may  be  saved  if  g-iven  the  proper  treatment  promptly. 
In  inanv  cases  a  physician  has  no  time  to  go  home,  con- 
sult books,  and  study  up  the  case;  he  must  know  what 
to  do  on  the  spot.  In  going  about  the  country  using 
my  camera,  there  are  many  occasions  when  the  lack  of 
certain  knowledge  would  leave  me  all  at  sea.  I  must 
know  it  on  the  spot.  Bee-keeping  is  no  exception  to 
this  rule.  If  we  tind  the  bees  starving  or  robbing,  if  a 
honey  flow  comes  on  or  stops  suddenly,  if  we  find  foul 
brood  in  the  apiary,  if  the  bees  are  uneas}^  in  the  cellar, 
if — well,  there  are  hundreds  of  unexpected  combina- 
tions coming  up  all  through  the  season,  when  there  is 
no  time  to  send  off  after  books  and  study  them,  we  must 
know  what  to  do  on  the  spot. 

Get  Advanciod  B];i';  Cui/i  uki-:,  and  read  it  now,  while 
you  have  leisure,  then  the  information  that  it  contains 
will  be  available  in  these  emergencies  that  are  ^tirc  lo 
conic. 

Price  of  the  book,  $1.20;  or  the  Review  one  year, 
and  the  book  for  only  $2,00. 


Flimtto    MScfcil^aim 


92 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


hd 


'Sim 
^^ 

m 

m 

m 

m 


I^RICEB 

And  quality  are  thetv\o  thing's  that  sell  goods.  We  are  in  the 
heart  of  the  lumber  country  where  we  get  lumber  at  first 
hands  without  freight.  We  have  the  cheapest  known  power — 
water.  We  make  goods  that  are  the  equal  of  any  in  quality 
and  workmanship.  In  some  instances  they  are  superior.  For 
instance,  our  sections  are  made  from  tough  wood  that  will 
bend  without  breaking,  even  if  you  don't  wet  it.  How  many 
sections  did  you  break  in  putting  together  the  last  thousand  ? 
Think  of  it.  Send  for  our  catalog  and  get  prices  that  will 
surprise  and  please  you.  All  we  ask  is  to  get  a  trial  order, 
and  there  will  be  no  trouble  in  holding  your  custom. 

DOLL'S  BEE  SUPPLY  MFQ.  CO., 
Power  Bldg.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


m 

'm 

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■5m. 

m 

9m 

m 

■sm 
sag 

^^ 

sag 
sag 
sag 

S2Bg 

sag 
sag 
sag 
sag 


The  Alamo  Bee    Suppy    Co. 

J.  C  R  Kerr,  Agt. 

San  Antonio,  Texas 

Carry  a  large  stock  of  Bee  Hives  and  Supplies  of 
all  kinds.  Prompt  shipments,  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.     Write  for  price 


♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^X 


FOR 


Swt 


KINDS.  KIMlS.  KINDS.  • 

lt;il.  r.iitton,  10  Poppy,  18  Portulaca,  20  ▲ 

lO-Wcfks  Slock,      5  Ciuiilyluft,     10  JlangolJ,     IS  i 
i;s('hselioUzia,        6  .\sifr,  IB  Pansy,         10  T 

Swi'cl  Alvssiiiii.         Zeiiiiia,  I'J  Sweel  Peas.     X 

8  li.Usaiii,         12  I'liiks.  10  ♦ 

Larkspur,        0  I'tliiiila,       in  ♦ 
Niisuirliimi.  10  CiUioiisis,     s  A 
Swcel  MitiiiKiU'tle.  X 

AH  (if  (he  alxive  Sfiit  to  X 
any  aildriss,  luist-paid,  for  X 
!<»<•.  silver  or  six  tuo-ceii'  J 
slaiii|is.  As  a  pri-iiiunii  and  ▼ 
to  iiitioiltlcc  (lUr  srcds  into  ♦ 
evi'ry  liouseliold,  »!•  u  ill  also  A 
Stud  a  «M»IU'«-lioii  of"  line  ▲ 
1,^ mSTT  »»«':ni«ifiil   ImlUs  KICK  I'.  I 

T       I        I  Somerville  Nursery,      X 

^         ' — — alIBB '  SoiviERViLLE,       -       Mass.  ^ 

♦  ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦»»<>♦♦♦♦< 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  V\'e  assure  you 
the  best  goods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
15  different  roads,  thereby  saving  you 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Lang-stroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  every  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTS  now. 
Write  today. 

KRh^TCHMER  MP^G.,  CO. 
l-06-12t  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


93 


■^  "5  •'!5  ^  ■^  ^  ^  ^  -"^  •  ^^  •  .^  • 

Root's  Goods  2vt 


■fir 

\^/ 
a/ 
\^/ 


vi; 


Root's  Price? 


POUDER'S     Honey    Jars      and 

everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

Large  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.     L,ow  freight  rates 

Prompt  Ser\'ice.   Catalog  sent  free. 

Walter  S.  Pouter 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOLIS,     IND. 


il/ 
\^/ 


THE 


BEST 


MADE 


DITTHERS  FOUNDATION. 

Our  hobby  is  making-  a  spe- 
cialty of  worliing'  wax  into 
comb  foundation. 

Our  large  ware-house  is  fall 
of  all  kinds  of  bee-keepers' 
supplies. 

Write  for  our  price  list,  sam- 
ples and  early  order  discount. 
We  would  like  to  send  them 
to  you  at  onr  expense. 

Jobbing- — Wholesale —  Retail. 
Beeswax  always  wanted. 


GUS  OITTMER, 

Augusta,  Wis. 


Send    for 

1906 
Catalog. 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich, 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 

Send  for 

Booklet. 


BEE-KEEPERS'   SUPPLIES 

Ntw  CaIalog\ie  Lower  Prices 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG     MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
4-oi.M  147-149  Cedar  Lake  Road 


-If  you  are  Koing  to— 


BUY  A  BlJZZ-SAW, 

write  to  the  etlitor  of  the  itEVlEw.  He  t)a8  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  you  happy  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  wonld  sell  it. 


Superior  Stock 

I  make  a  s|)ecialiy  of  Long-Tongue 

Italian,  Carniolan,   and   Caucasian. 

Rearing  only  from  best  stock  obtain- 
able. My  Italian  queens  are  tinexcell- 
ed;  in3'  Carniolans  and  Caticasians  from 
best  imported  queens.  All  races  bred 
in  separate  yards  to  insure  purity.  A 
postal  will  bring-  my  price  list  for  1906 

CHARLES    KOEPPEN 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


94 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I  have  three  boys  man-grown,  and, 
for  that  reason,  I  wish  to  sell  ni}'  farm 
and  jfo  into  Northern  Michigan  where 
wild  land  is  cheap,  that  we  may  all 
secure  farms  near  toj^ether.  The  farm 
that  1  wish  to  sell  is  lociited  eig"ht  miles 
east  of  Vassar,  Tuscola  County,  Mich- 
igan. It  consists  of  40  acres,  30  of 
which  are  cleared.  It  is  well-fenced 
and  well-drained.  There  is  a  small 
orchard,  stables  for  the  horses  and 
cows,  and  a  small  story  and  a  half 
house.  The  soil  is  a  dark  sandy  loam, 
and  can't  be  beaten  for  raisings  potatoes, 
corn,  haj',  buckwheat,,  etc.  There  is 
rural  mail  delivery,  school  %  of  a  mile 
distant,  and  railroad  station  only  two 
miles  away.  The  location  is  a  g-ood 
one  for  honey.  From  twenty  colonies, 
last  year,  I  secured  120  pounds  of  ex- 
tracted honey  per  colony.  I  ofter  this 
farm  for  only  $600;  two-thirds  down, 
and  bal.  on  long'  time  if  desired.  Would 
accept  bees  in  partp;iyment  if  they  were 
not  too  faraway.  For  further  particu- 
lars address, 

ELMER  HUTCHINSON, 

Vassar,  Mich. 
Reference,  Editor  of  Review. 


ers  FREE 


OKft  '"  l''ivlli''  '■I'Stof  i.ai-Uiir^  ami  post ;lt;l^  Vi>u 
ZiJUi  ^^  '"  "■'■'■iv.'  Ihis  Ciatiil  Collr. -11011  of  l!t'ai\ 
^r"«lilul  Moucis,  ami  diir  ^^■\v  S.-cd  l.isl.ll.r 
only  hlirial  oHit  ever  iiiaite,  aiul  a  Coupon  Cliiik 
lli:it  vill  Kive  you  one  or  llie  finest  Farm  Fapeis 
published,  by  semlin};  for  Uiis  grand  ofler: 

25  Packages  Seed    i  pkt.  Morninp  oiorv. 

1  |i\l.  Sin.\;l.all  Ash  1.  1  ]<U\.  Mixed  CalliopHS. 

1  l.\l..\|Mi!ei;ios.Iialsan\  1  pl<t.  Alixe.l  Calendula. 

1  p\t.  Mi\ed  rorlnlaea.  1  pkl.  Mixed  N;-elia. 

1  |.'J.  .M  xed  Sweet,  Pea.  1  pkl.  Mixed  I'lilox. 

1  i''-f.  Sweet  Miu'iionetle  1  plvt.  Siiiillower. 

1  M'vt.  Sueet  Alvssnni.  1  pkl.  Sweet  Koc-kPt. 

1  ]<kt.  Swi'.-t  William.  1  pkl.  Cainalion  I'lnk. 

1  p'a.   Mixed  I'oppv.  1   pkl.    iVIlNed   ImHII  (.('Ik. 

Mixed  (^aiidvluft.       t  pkl.  Mix.d   Man-..:,;. 

-Mixed  I  ali^sp^^.         ]  pkt.  Mix.  .1  P,  liii.ia. 

:\Iixed  I'ansv.  l  |.M.  Mi\ed  /ireiia. 

1  iikf.  Mixed  Nasliirtitmt      1  |ikt.  Mixed  Verbenia. 

I^iintv,  a  Heanti  I  Ml  Collect  ion.  Rent  witli  tliis 
in.-lniliii<;  llvaei;,!  lis,  'liilii.s.  Croeiis.  'I  ill  e 
Idses,  (ilelioliis.Caladiuin,  Oxalis,  if  yon  wiH  send 
iif  onee  ^.'■j  eeiiis  III  Sliver  or  slainps.     Address 

E.  C.  HOLM  ES,Somerville, Mass. 


n.ki 
ipki 
n.kt 


ord.'r. 


DON'T  TURN 

Another  pag'e    until    you    have    sent   a 
postal  for  our  little  booklet  on  Queens. 

ITALIAN  and 

CAUCASIAN 

the  areiltle-st  and  best. 

We  also  manufacture 
and  keep  for  sale  all 
kinds  of  supplies  for  the 
apiary. 

The  Wood  Bee=Hive  &  Box  Co. 
Lansing,  Mich. 

•aouo  ;b  ;daooH  ;ou  op 
nOiC  }\  ajoaiSuiittid  jo  >isi.i  gq;  una  no^\ 

•sjouiJOQSf        ,,  ,,        •^uao-iad  s 

•ss8[  .lo  QCiJ;  jo^  s.iapjo  we  uo  •^uaoaail  qI 

•ZIA   'S90l,\J3S  j^m 

joj    uoissuuoD    \2    auj  ^ud  no^\     "P-^S 

'01)1$  'Ji33'f  auo  'aadaajj 
-sag  ^HJn^  .10^    aqi-iosqns  noj^     'P^S 

■9061  'oe  -qo-i^K 

uBq;  J9JKI  lou  atu  qoeaa  o;  qsH^     'i^sx 

:z\\  'suoij 
-ipuoD  33jq;  9.1B  9J9qj^  -diqsjau^JHd 
ojui  'J3d99;^-99g  mj^  no.f  9>ih;  nj.w  i 

•00  T$ 
'c  OM  -0001  -i3fi  OIJTS  1-  suono9S  9zis 
pji;pui;iS     pooMSSEg     siULW.    I    "^N 

•oz:"i$  "-ij 

-01        '3)9      '.19AO0     iCuH    '9UIl3aj    ^UB — qOH9 

01  IS  iT^  'JS-^r'!  '9Aiq  •d\oa  --IJ-S  ^MX 
iziA  's.iE9i(  ui  9ano9S  o;  9iqK  U9.jq  9AHq 
I  S90i.id    }S9.\\oi    ^Ml    ^i-"    spi^LU  suq  9^ 

Aavn^aad 

u'^fui.iup  spooS  p    qvio.w  ooo'cS  MS»-^ 
oj  saqsi-u   .i9.in]9Bjnuetu  u.\\oii>i-ii3A^  V 

•;L}9U9e:    IBumivi   .10;  noA   i^i  >l-'OA\ 
I  piiu  'ajAj   .loj    ."[.lo  YV    no^---sini9i\[ 

NOIlV^adO  =  03 

•;i  99S  /^si\\  u9qA\  uibS 

-j^q  B  MOu>i  ;ou  op  if9q;  JO  -spB 

aq;    pBsa    4011    op    sa9qi.iosqns    a\9ia9jj 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


95 


Aug.   Lotz  &  Son         Bees  for  Sale ! 


Make  a  specialty  of 
manufacturiri}*-  sec- 
tions and  shippinjj 
cases.  Bee-keepers 
supplies  ahva3's  on 
hand.  Prompt  ship- 
ments. Send  for 
catalog-   and    prices. 


Cadott, 


Wis. 


Special  Sale  on 
HIVES  AND  SECTIONS 

Until  March  15th.  Eight-frame.  Dove- 
tail Hives,  lYz  story,  $1.25;  10-frame, 
$1.40;  No.  1  bee-way  sections,  $3.90; 
No.  2,  $3.40;  24  lb."  Shipping--Cases, 
13c;  Foundation,  Smolders,  etc.,  cheap. 
Michigan  Agent  for  Dittmer's  new 
process  foundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  24-page  catalogue,  free. 


F.  R.   D.   3 


W.  D.  SOPER, 

JACKSON,  MICH. 


5  MILLION  "«s 

oEEDo 


Martha  Washington 
Collection 

40  "oB  10c. 

■  ■  V^jM,  of  Aster,  Balsam, 
■^  I'ansy,  l^wpet  Tea, 
I'lnk,  Salvia,  Fhlox 
^lyosotis.  Cosmos, 
Vrrlieiia,  Pftuiiia. 
N:istiirtinm,  Cypics^s 
\itii',  IleUothro]..', 
iVIij^'nonotte,  \v  i  i  li 
tlip  luUowing  Eclls 
FREE :  One  Dewey 
L'-ly  (as  hIhivci.  1 
Bgoria,  1  TrceEias,  1 
Tuberose,  1  Gladiolus. 
All  of  the  above 
sent,  postpaid,  for 
lO  rents  in  coin  or 
siMiiips.  Oriler early. 
Avoiat  lie  rush. 


MYSTIC  VALLEY  SEED  CO.,  Medford,  Mass 


I  have  10(U-ol())iii's  of  bivs  in  my  Cfllar.  They 
an:  wintering  ivrfect ly  bees,  combs,  hives  and 
honi-y.  dry  and  clean  Next  month  the  bees  will 
be  on  the  winy  au'ain. 

By  the  editorials  in  the  Ri'view.  jou  will  see  that 
I  have  taken  400  coloiiiis  o(  bi-es  to  work  on  shans. 
They  will  be  moved  to  Northern  Michi«an  and 
manag'ed  for  extracted  honey  by  my  brother  and 
myself. 

To  move  400  colonies  of  bees  will  not  onl.\-  tx-  con- 
siderable work,  but  this  many  bei-s  will  be  nuiie  a 
lot  of  bees  to  have  in  one  locality,  even  if  in  more 
than  one  apiarx-,  and,  for  these  reasons,  I  shall, 
for  this  year,  at  least,  keep  my  own  b-is  here  at 
home  instead  of  movinir  them  up  north.  By  doinir 
this,  I  will  have  bees  in  both  a  clover  and  a  rasp- 
berry region. 

To  move  the  bei-s,  bu'ld  a  honey  house,  buy  sup- 
plies, storage  for  the  honey,  etc,  will  cost  quite  a 
little,  and  I  wish  to  be  sure  and  have  plenty  of 
money  for  carryinir  out  all  these  plans,  hence  I 
have  decided  to  sell  a  few  of  the  bees  here  at  borne 
— perhaps  20  or  25  colonies. 

The  bees  are  all  pure  Ital  ans;  most  of  the  col- 
onies having  queens  of  the  Superior  S  ock,  reared 
last  year  by  Mr.  Moore.  Not  a  queen  will  be  sent 
out  that  would  not  pass  as  a  breeding  queen- 
such  as  dealers  sell  in  the  spring  for  from  S3.00  to 
S5.00  each.  The  hives  are  8-lrame  Langstroth, 
new  last  .'•eason.  painted  with  two  good  coats  of 
white  paint.  The  combs  are  all  built  fr.  m  full 
sheets  of  f^undation  and  wired  at  that  Inf-ct. 
the  stocks  are  strictly  first-class  in  every  respect 
—could  not  be  better— and  the  price  is  $6.00  per 
colony,  nor  more  and  no  less,  even  if  one  man 
should  take  the  whole  lot. 

I  am  ready  to  accept  and  book  orders  accom- 
panied by  the  cah,  and  when  I  have  received  or- 
ders for  25  colonies,  this  advertisement  will  be  dis- 
continued, and  no  more  orders  .accep  ed.  The  bees 
will  be  shipped  by  express,  about  fruit-bloom- 
time,  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed  in  every  re- 
spect. 

If  you  wish  to  stock  your  apiary  with  a  strain  of 
bees  that  has  no  superior,  here  is  a  chance  to  get 
a  tested  queen,  already  introduced,  in  a  full  col- 
ony, whereby  she  can  be  shipped  without  injure- 
early  in  the  season,  all  at  moderate  price, 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Flint.  Mich 


Three-and  Five-Banded  Italian   and 
Carniolan 

as  good  as  the  best  and  ready  to  ship 
now.  Satisf.TCtion  guaranteed.  Un- 
tested, 50  cts.  ;  tested,  75  cts, 

C.  B.  BANKSTON,   Milano,  Tex. 


30b-tf 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


All   about   Be^s. 

IH-page    Weekly. 

Sample  Free.   $1 

ayear;  3  months' 
Trial  Trip,  20c.  silver  or  stamps. 
Best  writers.  OMest  bee-pai-er; 
il  lu><trated.  Dept's  for  beginners 
and  lor  women  bee-keepers. 

QEORQEVV.YORK&CO. 
334  Dearborn  Street,  CHICAQO,  ILL. 


96 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I  manufacture  both  the  one  and  the  four-piece  sections, 
and  can  give  customers  their  choice  at  the  same  price.  The 
one-piece  is  made  of  nice,  white  basswood,  nnd  sand- 
papered on  both  sides.  The  four-piece  is  made  of  hard, 
white  poplar.  The  sections  are  4'4  x4!4.'  xl%,  1?4^  or  7-to- 
the-foot,  and  4x5  plain. 

My  prices  are  as  follows:  1,000,  $3.00;  2,000  for  $5.75; 
5,000  for  $14.00;  10,000  for  $27.00.  A  special  price  will  be 
made  to  those  who  order  10,000  to  30,000  in  the  winter. 

I  also  furnish  BEE,  QUEENS,  and  BEE-KEEPKRS' 
SUPPLIES.  Send  for  descriptive  circular,  and  sample  of 
section,  and  save  money. 

Reference,  Editor  Review. 


I  o6-tf 


NORTON 


WHAT  YOU 
GET    FOR 

large  package  Heet 
Carrot 


50 


cents. 


1  large  package  Squash 
1      "  "  C;il.l.:)t.'p 

"  lMiini>Kin 

'',         Vn>p>-r 
Kines    Woiuler 
Early  Peas 
Aiuericaii    Wax 
Beans 

Holmes'     Early 
Sweet  Corn 


What  you  need  for  your  table  nil  summer.  Oet  yonr 
veKelabU'S  liosh  om  of  the  nardcn  every  flav,  and 
know  what  you  me  eating.  This  entire  eolleciion  of 
seeds,  liest  In  tlic^  world,  only  Co  cents.  Send  your 
orders  e;uly  anil  jret  yonr  seeds  on  time  to  plant. 
GLENDALE    NURSERY,    EVERETT,     MASS. 


Cucnniher  1 

" 

l.pttuee 

1 

" 

Parsnip 

1 

pint 

Melon 

Turnip 

1 

pint 

Parsley 

Radish 

1 

pint 

Onion 

Tomato 

HONEY  QUEENS 

IvAWS'  ITAIJAN  and  HOIA'  IvAND  QUEENS. 
Plenty  of  fine  queens  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  lam  catering  to  a  satisfie,!  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?     Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 

Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  as  consistent  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $8.00;  tested  $1.00;  v-er 
dozen,  fio.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  $3  00  each. 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beeville,   Tex. 


Rfl  BULBS 

wU  35  Cents. 

Will  grow  in  the 

liouse    or    out   of 

doors.   Hyaiintlis, 

Tulips,  Gladiolus, 

Crocus,  ^'uch^ias, 

Oxalis,  Tuheroses, 

Begonia,  Jonquils, 

Dallodils,  Chinese 

Lily,  Dewey  l.ily, 

CloxiTiia.  Lilies  or 

the  Valley— all  postpaid, 2Ci'.  instamps 
or  coin.  Asapreiiiinin  with  these  Bulhs  we  will  send 
FRKK  a,  hig  coUeclion  of  flower  .seeds— over  20  i  kinds. 
HILLSIDE  NURSERY,  SOMERVILLE,  MASS. 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  in  your 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED 
HIVES  made  by  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping-  on  hand. 


JVIaPshfield   Mfg.    Co. 

jWaFshfield,  Wis. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  fiat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  vdring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the  Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.    VAfl    DHUSE[4, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


MODEL    IfJCUBRTORS 
flHD  BROODERS. 

Made  by  Chas.  A.  Cy- 
phers, are  the  only  reli- 
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Our  75-page  illus  rated  cata- 
logue sent  free  to  any  address. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

521  Griggs  Block 

TOLEDO,  -         OHIO. 

2-00-1 t 


Lowest  Prices. 

BIG   DISCOUNT  FOR  EARl,Y 
ORDERS. 


On  cash  orders 

Before  November  i  9  per  cent. 

„        December  i  8 

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Bee. Supplies  of  all  Kinds. 

Established  nearly  25  years. 

We  have  published  the  American 
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,Soc  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  published.  Ec'ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 

Company, 

Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


98 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE'W 


fO^ake  Voup  Own  Hives. 


3ee  *-  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making- 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on  trial. 
Send  for  Catalog-ue. 

W.F.&JNO.  BARNES  CO., 

384  Rnby  St., 

Rockford,     Ills. 


I  -0612 


^t^- 


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PATEZNir,     BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.        24 

VEiARS  the:   beist.    catalog  freze:. 


BEE     SUPPLIES. 

We  handle  th«  flnitsf  bee  supplies,  made  by  the  W.  T.  FALCONER  MFG. 
CO.,  Janiestown,  N.  Y.  Big  Discounts  on  early  orders,  let  us  figure 
with  you  on  your  wants. 

MUTH  SPECIAL  OpVE  TAIL  HIVES,  have  a  honoy  board,  warp- 
proof  cover,  and  bottom  board,  think  of  it,  same  prico  as  the  regular 
.     Send  for  Catalog.     '. 

THE  FRED.  W.  MUTH  CO.. 


51    WALNUT   ST.. 


CIN.CINNATI.    OHIO. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


99 


Tl^e  B©tt©m=.B©ard  Feeder.^Ind'fo?  aYeeler^thft 

can  be  used  for  stimulative  feeding  in  the  spring,  one  that  can  be  left  under  the  hive  all 
summer,  and  one  that  can  be  used  at  all  times  without  exciting  robbing,  and  completely 
fills  the  bill.  We  show  one  in  place,  one  standing  on  end  and  one  on  edge.  Adapted  to 
any  hive  with  loose  bottom 

T[Tfr^=,  •!(•(?=&  'HDs^'&fSa  BEEHIVES,  SECTIONS,  FENCES,  SMOKERS.  FOUNDA- 
\i=^p«=»U,(L^-iU/^U,e?  TION  COMB,  BEE  VEII.S,  GLOVES  and  Ahh  KINDS  OF 
BEK  KEEPERS'  SIPPI^IES  manufactured  and  for  sale.  lam  in  the  heart  of  the  lumber 
regions,  where  lumber  is  cheap  and  no  freight  to  pay,  I  am  in  a  small  country  town 
where  labor  is  cheap.  I  have  new,  up-to-date,  labor-saving  machinery  run  by  water 
power — the  cheapest  power  on  earth. 

Cir%  =  <rft-m^rf»ir'S%'i>?(rt»Tri\  Here  are  .some   reasons  whv  bee-keepers  and  manu- 

0°Op«eir^\taOKa«  facturers  should  join  hands  for  mutual  benefit:  The 
bee-keeper  has  to  pay  retail  prices,  while  the  manufacturer  receives  only  the  wholesale 
price.  Taking  the  wholesale  price  as  a  basis,  the  bee-keeper  pays  nearly  70  per  cent,  more 
for  the  bulk  of  his  goods.  Distributing  points  are  a  necessity.  The  bee-keeper  who  co- 
operates can  become  the  local  agent.  He  not  only  gets  his  supplies  at  wholesale,  but  he 
can  make  a  profit  off  of  his  unenterprising  neighbor  who  does  not  co-operate.  He  can 
also  receive  his  share  of  the  profits  in  the  business  which  he  helps  to  make  a  success. 
The  manufacturer  will  be  benefited  because  he  will  be  assured  a  steady  market.  Both 
manufacturer  and  bee-keeper  will  better  understand  conditions  pertaining  to  each  other, 
There  are  many  other  reasons.     For  further  particulars  address 


\^'*^>^\ 


River  Falls,  Wis. 


-^.^'V^O 


100 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I^MWWMWWm 


^gj^»iW^g)= 


iw^m^miwmswm: 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION" 

IT  EXCELS. 

EVERY  INCH  equal  to  samples. 

Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sag'g^ing',    no   Loss.     Twenty-seven 

years  of  Experience.     We  g'uarantee  satisfaction.     Wax 

worked  into  Foundation. 

BEE  SUPT^LIES 

of  all  kinds 

BEESW^AX  AV ANTED 

at  all  times. 
Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODMAN,  Grand  Rapids. 

DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  III. 

Send  for  Catalog-. 


mm 


Michigan  Distributors 

FOR 

G.    B.    Lewis    Go's   BEEWARE 
Dadant^s    Foundation 


WITH  an  enormous  stock,  and  the  best  shipping  point 
in  Michigan,  we  are  in  a  position  to  give  you  the 
very  best  service. 

SPECIAL  —A  quantity  of  Dovetail  and  Wisconsin  Hives, 
slightly  discolored  by  water,  in  packages  of  sat  $1.25 
per  hive  for  i^^-story  8-fraine;  lo-frame,  $1.40  per 
per  hive.     Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

BEESWAX  WANTED 

A.  G.  WOODMAN  CO., 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Advanced  Bee-Veil.  Cord  arrang-ement,  absolutely  bee-proof,  best  on  earth. 
Made  of  imported  French  tulle  veiling-.  Cotton,  with  silk  face,  50  cents  post- 
paid. 2-o6-4t 


^e  l^ee-J^ff peps'  jHc^^ic^- 

A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$L00  A  YEAR. 
W.  Z.  flOTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Proprleloi. 


VOL.  XIX.     FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  APRIL.  15,  1906.     NO.  4 


©ipimiii^ 


or  s3Ti 


L.    A.    STAFFORD. 


TN  making-  artificial  increase,  my 
i  practice  is  as  follows:  As  early  in 
the  spring  as  the  weather  will  permit, 
a  colony  is  lightly  fed  until  full  of  bees 
and  brood  ;  then  the  second  story  of  full 
drawn  combs  is  put  on,  the  queen  hav- 
ing access  to  all.  I  let  them  alone  un- 
til a  swarm  issues.  The  queen  being 
clipped,  she  is  caught  and  caged  and 
safely  put  away  until  wanted.  While 
the"^swarm  is  in  the  air  this  hive  is 
moved  to  another  stand,  and  the  weak- 
est colony  in  the  apiary  is  placed  on 
the  old  stand,  and  receives  the  swarm 
in  the  air,  a  super  being  put  on,  and  I 
have  a  colony'  that  will  reap  the  har- 
vest if  such  a  thing  is  possible. 

Next,  the  queen  is  taken  to  the 
colony  from  .which  she  came,  the  cag^e 
containing  her  placed  between  two 
combs,  and  the  hive  closed  and  let 
alone  for  five  days  if  the  previous 
weather  has  been  favorable  for  swarm- 
ing-, if  not,  she  is  left  three  days. 

At  this  time  there  are  as  many 
nucleus  hives  placed  handy  as  there 
are  frames  in  the  hive,  which,  with  me. 


are  19.  Then  I  take  out  the  cage  and 
queen  and  lay  to  one  side,  also  two  or 
three  combs,  and  place  one  in  a  hive  to 
make  room  to  handle  the  remaining- 
frames,  which  are  all  looked  over,  and 
every  cell  cut  out  and  placed  in  a  box. 
I  now  make  up  as  many  nuclei  as 
there  are  cells,  the  remaining-  combs, 
if  any,  being^  left  in  the  hive  and  the 
queen  liberated  on  them.  If  there  are 
cells  enoug-h  to  use  all  the  combs,  then 
the  queen  is  left  in  the  cag-e,  and  the 
empty  hive  supplied  with  one  frame  of 
honey  and  three  empties,  until  the  re- 
turning bees  from  the  nuclei  are  enough 
to  take  care  of  the  queen,  when  she  is 
let  loose  among  them.  As  we  use  the 
Carniolan  bees  for  this  purpose  we 
hardly  ever  have  less  than  a  dozen  cells; 
and,  many  times,  every  comb  in  the 
colony  can  be  used. 

These  nuclei  have  young  bees,  all 
brood  is  matured  and  hatching,  and 
there  will  be  a  queen  in  a  few  days. 
There  is  no  loss  of  bees,  to  speak  of, 
befoie  the  brood  of  the  young  queen  is 
coming-  out.     These  are  some  of  the  ad- 


104 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


vantages  over  the  old  way  of  drawing 
brood,  and  confining  for  several  days, 
when  there  is  a  loss  of  eggs  and 
larvae,  and,  by  the  time  a  queen  is 
reared,  and  her  brood  is  hatching,  the 
nucleus  is  very  near  to  nothing. 

The  weak  colony  that  received  the 
swarm,  that  would  have  been  of  no  use 
for  surplus  that  season,  is  brought  to 
the  swarming  point  very  quickljs  as 
the  queen  is  old,  and  almost  sure  to 
swarm,  in  due  season,  when  the  same 
thing  of  making  nuclei  can  be  repeated. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  bees 
of  a  queenless  colony  in  the  air,  that 
divides,  and  enters  two  or  three  col- 
onies (which  are  nearly  always  strong, 
as  the  pouring  in  and  out  of  the  work- 
ers is  a  drawing  card)  are  nearly  all 
killed;  and  occasionally  a  weak  colon^^ 


will  show  fight,  but  no  damage  will  be 
done;  I  find  it  better  not  to  use  a  parti- 
cle of  smoke  on  the  weak  colony,  nor 
shake  it  up  any  more  than  possible, 
and  not  place  it  on  the  stand  until  the 
swarm  is  returning,  and  will  thus  enter 
quickly,  then  the  weak  colony,  being 
quiet,  will  form  in  a  ball  around  the 
queen,  and  no  fighting  will  occur. 

This  plan  of  hiving  in  with  weak 
colonies  is  a  great  advantage  where 
no  increase  is  desired,  as  the  old  queen 
can  be  put  back  home,  and  the  swarm 
in  the  weak  colony  will  gather  more 
honey  than  before  they  swarmed. 

All  this  is  simple,  and  perhaps  not 
new,  but  is  ahead  of  any  method  I  ever 
heard  of. 

Blodgett  Mills,  N.  Y.,  July  3.  190.5. 


Foipetellllinig  amdl  Fir©vein\tlini| 


G.    A.    OLMSTEAD. 


DOUBT  there  being  any  one  thing 
that  bee-keepers  want  and  need, 
any  more  than  they  do  some  means  by 
which  swarming  may  be  successfully 
^x\i\ practically  prevented.  Or  if  swarms 
are  desired,  some  way  to  know  just 
when  to  expect  them,  without  going 
through  the  whole  hive.  This  is  espe- 
cially desirable  where  bees  are  kept 
away  from  home.  Shook-swarming  is 
a  great  help;  and  by  it  I  have,  in  past 
3'ears,  been  able  to  keep  bees  in  three 
counties  at  the  same  time;  but  one  of 
the  greatest  hindrance  was  to  know 
just  which  colonies  were  prep^iring  to 
swarm;  as  it  is  not  best  to  shake  them 
unless  necessary.  To  overcome  this 
obstacle  was  the  first  object  of  my  in- 
tention ;  and  when  I  had  the  hive  ar- 
ranged so  that  I  could  learn  the  exact 
condition  of  things  in  the  brood  nest, 
in  less  than  a  minute,  without    remov- 


ing the  super  or  cover,  in  fact,  almost 
without  the  bees  knowing  that  any  one 
was  around,  it  required  only  one  more 
step  to  make  it  possible  to  entirely  do 
azvay  with  swaruiing.  That  this  is  no 
dream,  that  this  can  be  done,  and  done 
in  a  satisfacfory  way,  I  believe  will  be 
apparent  to  many  practical  bee-keep- 
ers, even  before  trying  my  plan,  and 
I  wish  to  say  to  those  who  may  think 
that  I  have  been  selfish  in  the  matter, 
and  especially  to  friend  Doolittle,  who 
gave  me  a  sort  of  a  friendly  prod  in 
Gleanings,  that  had  it  not  have  been 
for  severe  sickness,  from  February  to 
August,  they  would  have  had  this  a 
year  ago. 

KORRTFCLLING  SWARMING. 

In  the  place  of  one  of  the  ordinary, 
central  top-bars  I  have  one  3^  inch 
deep,  and  not    quite  as  long  as  the  in- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


105 


side  lenf4th  of  the  brood-chamber,  just 
so  that  the  bees  will  stick  it  to  to  the 
tin  or  wood  just  below  its  supports. 
On  eii-ch  side  of  this  bar  is  nailed  a 
strip  of  tin,  the  lower  edjres  of  which 
are  bent  at  right  ang-les,  just  under 
the  bar,  and  toward  each  other  about 
's  inch.  A  frame  is  made  one  inch 
shallower  than  the  others  in  the  same 
hive  (for  other  styles  of  bottom  boards 
it  must  be  1>^  inch  shallower)  with  a 
top  bar  y%  or  Yz  inch  deep.  Along  on 
the  top  of  this  is  nailed  a  strip  of  heavy 
tin.  The  two  upper  corners  of  this  bar 
are  slight!}'  cut  awajs  rabbet-like,  or 
may  be  beveled,  which  leaves  a  little 
groove  under  each  edge  of  the  heavy 
strip  of.  tin;  or,  if  the  bar  is  made  of 
hardwood,  a  saw-kerf  along  each  side 
near  the  upper  side  of  the  bar  will  an- 
s  .ver,  if  the  tin  rests  are  set  a  little 
lower,  snd  the  strip  of  heavy  tin  mav' 
be  dispensed  with.  The  top-bar  of 
this  frame  slides  close  under  the  first 
named  bar,  the  edges  of  the  tin  resting 
on  the  little  incurved  edg^es  of  the  strips 
of  tin  which  are  nailed  to  and  project 
1-16  of  an  inch  below  the  first  or  upper 
bar.  This  forms  a  sliding  joint  which 
allows  the  frame  to  be  drawn  out  and 
returned  through  the  opening  in  the 
end  of  the  hive  as  shown. 

The  next  step,  whe.-e  swarming  is 
allowed,  but  where  one  wishes  to 
know  just  when  the  bees  are  preparing 
to  do  so,  is  to  graft  some  old  queen  cell 
cups  into  the  comb  in  this  frame. 
They  should  be  put  where  the  queen 
will  be  most  likely  to  use  them  first. 
By  simply  drawing  this  frame  out,  one 
has  the  whole  situation  under  his 
thumb,  or,  rather,  his  e3'es.  One  can 
learn  from  this  one  frame  all  that  one 
usually  cares  to  know  about  the  con- 
dition inside  of  the  hive.  One  can  use 
more  than  one  frame,  but,  if  properly 
managed,  the  number  of  failures  with 
one  is  not  w.)rth  considering;  besides, 
if  one  uses  a  little  smoke,  where  the 
frame  is  taken  out,  a  fair  view  of  two 
more  combs  can   be  had;  and    one  may 


have  places  in  tiiem  that  would  fiivor 
queen  cells,  and  they  could  be  easily 
seen. 

PREVKNTING    SWARMING    BY  REARING  A 

YOUNG  OUEEN  WHILE  THIC  OLD   ONE 

IS  STILL  LAYING  IN  THE  HIVE. 

An  upright  bar,  }(  x  Ya,  is  fastened 
between  the  top  and  bottom  bar,  so  as 
to  leave  a  space  of  about  4  or  5  inches 
between  it  and  the  end  bar  of  the 
frame.  Into  this  space  is  fitted  a  light 
frame  tha.t  may  be  taken  ont  aud  re- 
turned, much  as  sections  are  held  in 
brood  frames.  In  this  little  frame  is  a 
sheet  of  heavy  brood  foundation  which 
must  be  fastened  all  around  with 
melted  wax.  It  should  be  somewhat 
to  one  side,  and  there  must  be  no  hairs 
through  which  a  bee  or  queen  could 
pass;  or  else  a  wire  screen  must  be  put 
on  the  side  opposite  to  the  zinc.  When 
a  queen  is  to  be  reared,  this  little 
frame  is  crowded  over  to  the  left  a 
little,  to  allow  the  little  ^-inch,  zinc- 
covered  rim  of  the  same  size  to  be  put 
in  with  it,  forming  a  thin  cage,  as 
shown  in  the  cut.  A  passage  is  made 
from  this  cage  to  connect  with  the 
round  hole  shown  in  the  little  door, 
and  this  allows  the  young  queen  to 
take  her  flight.  A  tin  furrule  set  in 
the  back  of  the  hole  in  the  door,  and 
projecting  '4 -inch,  bridges  the  space  to 
the  end-bar. 

If  one  wants  to  rear  queens  to  sell, 
have  three  frames  made  like  the  large 
one  first  described  and  supported  by 
the  sliding  joint.  First  slide  in  a  zinc- 
protected  comb,  then  a  larger  unpro- 
tected one,  and  follow  with  another 
protected  one.  In  this  way  one  can 
have  two  queens  mated  as  often  as  one; 
and  sell  queens  all  summer,  with  no 
loss  to  colonies. 

This  arrangement  does  not  of  itself 
prevent  swarming  but  it  provides  the 
means  by  which  the  apiarist  may  do  it; 
not  merely  part  of  the  time  but  practi- 
cally all  the  time. 


106 


THE  BFE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


In  any  locality  these  little  c-mbs 
will  be  occupied  by  the  bees  and  hlled 
with  brood  and  stores  \.  ig^  before  the 
swarming  season,  and  a  few  weeks  be- 
fore swarming-  time  (here  the  period 
of  fruit  bloom  answers  nicely,  but  the 
e;'rlier  it  can  be  done  the  better),  mucli 


I  have  had  good    success    bv    simply 
grafting    in    a  cell    cup  with   food  and 
larvae,  letting  the  bees  build  th     .      'vn 
cells,  but    m^.ny    vv  .uld    succeer 
by  starting  the    cells  in   specia 
pared  queenless  colonic    as 
for  rearing  queens  in  q    antif 


Olmstead's  Queen  Rearing  Attachment. 


depending  on  the  weather  and  strength 
of  the  colonies,  graft  a  (lueen  cell  into 
each  little  comb— if  cups  only  are  used, 
put  in  two  or  three  in  same,  as 
some  may  not  be  accepted,  protect  the 
whole  comb  with  the  zinc  queen  protec- 
tor as  shown,  slide  the  frame  into  the 
hive,  close  the  door  and  the  entrance 
through  it,  //the  weatlier  is  bad,  until 
the  queen  is  old  enough  to  lly.  If  the 
weather  is  reasonably  warm  the  round 
hole  may  be  left  open  all  of  the  time. 


INTRODUCING  A  YOUNG  OUICEN  BV  CLIP- 
PING THK  OLD  UUKKN'S  SllNG. 

As  soon  as  it  is  time  for  these  queens 
to  be  hatched,  go  through  ;ind  give  an- 
other cell  or  a  pulled  quee:i,  to  those 
where  the  cell  did  not  hatch.  When 
they  are  laying,  kill,  or  rei  love.  the  old 
tpieen,  and  release  the  yoing  one.  If 
you  do  not  want  the  old  queens  to  sell 
— you  see,  the  second  year  all  will  be 
just  nice  tested  yearlings— you  can 
save    yourself  much    work  in  the   busy 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW  107 

season  l>y  lumtiiii;-  up  the  tiueens  in  all       eari^'  as  I  could  ,i,'et  younj^  queens  from 

your  colonies  any  time  before  you  want       the    South  t-      eplace    them,  and   only 

t(  *^^  ^{?oduco  anew    one,   and   clippinf^f       once    did  I  have  a   colony   swarm    that 

'ai.i-s,  tht-'n  'llu  on^  has   to  do  is       was  gfiven  a   young-  queen  early  in  the 

■'  "  e    tlie    u'lolippcd  queen,   and       spring,  and,    in    that   case    the    queen 

do  ':\)c   huntini,^  and    killinj^.       was  imperfect." 

See  '.'        '        '  This  looks  to  be   five  times   tiie  work 

I  ha.-  tric_.  this  cli,-HJ-arr  sting-  plan       that   it   really  is,  but  if  one  goes  at  it, 

of   int.-  ducin.i;-    on    only    four  or    five       at  tlie    right  time,  and    has  the   proper 

appliances,  and  enough  of  them  to  have 
a  whole  apiary  going  at  once,  the  work 
does  not  compare  with  that  required 
to  manage  swarming;  and,  with 
swarming,  one  has  to  have  a  lot  of 
extra  hives. 

If    a  colony  has    one  of   these  young 

([ueens    and  plenty  of    room  the3'    need 

no    fussing,  and    go    into   the    harvest 

with  enough    more  bees    to  pay   for  the 

trouble  of  rearing  her.     If  she  is  given 

tlu- t     ,  .[u     u  1-.     II  tiiu  -       .it    the    beginning  of    fruit    bloorn,  the 

ing    ;     iii.t   stopped    for  ,       -.olony,  if    a  strong  one,  should  have  a 

;inl\{   a  Colony    in  given    .li..    .:    •,.i;.en       crate  of  sections  in  which  to  store  their 

■f'?':'    it      '^et-;     tlie    sw    I'iii  ig     leMcr,       iione}',  for    such  a  queen   makes    busi- 

icnls    pr    .e    ihat    lhe\'       ness  hum,  and  there    will  be  no  crowd- 

;    tl.  To    cA\h-       ing  of  the    brood  nest   if   there    is  any 

-.m    do  no       room  above. 

editoi  ial  The   picture  sliows    the  super   cover, 

\'\  ieviow    of      which  is   also  a  bee-escape    board  and 

J  li>' say.s:       cover  to  the  brood    chamber,  on  which 

oved    the       rests  the  hive  cover  when  super   is  off. 
tru'.ii.ti;!!'  the  giv-       The    bottom  board    is  perfectly'    plain, 

iiiL'-'ti    I  \  ■^'     i-m-       the   entrance    being    down    through    a 

:  -iit      saw-kerf    then  out    horizontally;  in  the 

!  ri-       picture  it  is  closed. 

'^       EastBloomfield,  N.  Y.,  March.23,06. 


j^^;-. 


cpieens,  but 

it    v.->i!<ed    so   per  feci  ly   in 

each  1 1  !  il  ti 

.  '■  is  not  ti;e  slightest 

doilht    ■ 

i    !>nt  itwil!    always 

WlH'k 

.;i''t  il  .' 

No\\'     yei;; 

•    jHobabi  ,         ■•udering 

.  Iiat  thi>.  h;i 

sjf)  do  vvili'  <'      o  evention 

if  sw.irti.iii^ 

r    V.,:!!,  it  ;               .',;.:      Il 

.  .labl.-.    vJf 

■  •  w.w  a  qiu                      L  1ifi- 

n    ite 

.   ii-^'-  early                            i. 

/.■,:•/ 

,1     ,|-)e  •                                    ; 

M.    A.  GILL. 

EDIT*  )K  KIOVIICW,  I  have  read  with  who  are  to  practice  shook-swarming  to 

much  interest  two  aVticles  from  the  leave    the    young    swarm     on    the   old 

able    pen   of    K.  C.  Aikin;  one    in    the  stand    in    a    queenless    condition,   and 

American  Bee  Journal,  and  one    in  the  carry    the   old   queen    away    with    the 

last  Review,  \.\  which  he  advises  those  brood  to  the  old  stand. 


108 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Now,  I  know  what  it  means  when  a 
fellow  "locks  horns"  with  R.  C. 
Aikin,  but,  as  I  consider  him  one  of 
my  personal  friends,  I  am  g'oing'  to 
take  the  chances. 

First,  I  am  going-  to  assume  that  in 
giving  the  above  advice  he  is  wrong, 
both  in  theory  and  practice.  Now, 
why  is  the  theory  wrong  ?  Because 
any  young  swarm  of  bees,  either 
natural  or  forced,  should  have  at  once, 
a  laying  queen,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
building  of  a  lot  of  worthless  drone 
comb;  a  thing  they  are  sure  to  do  if 
queenless. 

Again,  a  queenless  s\/arm  never 
works  with  proper  vim  until  after  the 
young  queen  is  hatched  and  mater" 

Now  when  a  young  swarm  is  put    , 
to  a  hive,  it's  goimt;  to  be  a  future  ""sset, 
and  i'  valuable    one,  if    the  combs    are 
worker,  but  nca.iiy  worthless  if  mostly 
drone. 

As  friend  Aikin  so  frequently  speaks 
of  massing  his  bees,  I  assume  that 
when  he  makes  a  new  swarm  he  makes 
a  good  strong  one,  and  I  claim  the 
proper  place  for  the  laying  queen  is 
with  this  3'oung  swarm,  on  the  old 
stand,  in  order  to  secure  the  best  re- 
results.  First,  because  there  is  noth- 
ing much  for  her  to  do  if  carried  away 
with  the  brood  for  a  week,  as  all  the 
flying  bees  are  on  the  old  stand,  and 
that  week  is  very  iniporta>ii  to  the  new 
swarm. 

HOW  TO  SKCURI':  THE  BUILDING  OK 
WORKER    COMB. 

Now,  I  want  all  beginners  to  note 
one  fact  ih^t  I  shall  bring  out,  and  that 
is  this,  if  you  can  get  a  hive  filled  with 
comb  the  lirst  week  of  a  swarm's  life, 
that  comb  will  invariably  be  worker 
comb,  providing  there  is  a  la^'ing 
queen,  plenty  of  nurse-bees  and  a  good 
honey  flow.  With  these  conditions, 
the  incentive  is  for  workers — there  is 
no  desire  or  use  for  drones. 

Now,  if  friend  Aikin  had  left  the 
queen    with   the     young    swarm,     and 


used  starters  in  the  brood  chamber 
(with  one  comb  to  establish  a  brood 
nest),  and  set  the  super  over  from  the 
old  colony  with  partly  drawn  combs 
(as  there  would  be)  I  will  warrant 
that,  in  eight  days,  he  would  have  had 
a  hive  of  brood  more  than  he  can  get 
with  his  plan,  where  the  old  queen 
would  be  simply  waiting  for  3'oung 
bees  to  hatch  out  to  become  nurses  for 
her  brood.  Better,  by  far,  to  let  the 
young  queen  be  rai.sed  by  the  brood, 
as  there  is  nothing  to  do  there,  for  two 
weeks,  except  to  wait. 

Again,  friend  Aikin  says  a  queen 
cannot  do  much  business  brooding  in 
a  colony  under  section  supers.  Strange 
ihat  two  people,  living  as  close  to- 
,  ether  as  friend  Aikin  and  myself, 
should  have  such  directly  opposite  ex- 
perience. The  most  comyilete  and 
beautiful  hives  of  brood  I  ever  saw  are 
in  my  two-weeks'-old  swarms  (either 
natural  cr  forced)  that  have  been  hived 
on  starters  only;  the  honey  going  into 
from  one  to  three  supers  above  the 
brood.  Why,  it's  an  axioDi  with  me, 
ahvays  have  a  laying  queen  and  a  hive 
of  brood  under  every  super,  if  much 
surplus  is  to  be  secured  when  working 
for  comb  honey. 

Now,  to  return  to  the  question  of, 
where  is  the  proper  place  for  the  old 
queen  ?  Who  has  not  noticed  the  mag- 
nificent work  of  young  natural  swarms 
with  their  laying  queens,  and  who  has 
not  seen  the  abnormal  and  imperfect 
work  of  a  young  natural  swarm  that 
has  been  so  unfortunate  as  to  lose  its 
queen  ?  Yet,  friend  Aikin  would  have 
us  produce  these  abnormal  conditions 
witii  all  our  swarms. 

WHICH     CELLS     PRODUCE    THE    BEST 
QUEENS. 

Again,  he  says,  after  a  certain  num- 
ber of  da3's,  go  to  the  swarm  and  cut 
out  all  the  cells  but  one,  Jind  advises 
cutting  out  all  the  oldest  cells,  leaving 
one  of  the  3'ounges-  cells;  here,  again, 
I  think  he  is   vrong,  .^    ^je  would  raise 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


109 


the  best  queens  possible,  for  the  oldest 
cells  were  started  under  normal  con- 
ditions, while  tlie  younger  cells  are 
abnormal;  possibly,  to  the  extent  that 
the3'  mig-ht  be  built  over  the  oldest 
larvae  and  given  but  little  ro.yal  food. 
One  other  writer  has  recently  said 
that  a  queen  was  no  good  for  the  rest 
of  the  season  after  bringing  a  colony  up 
to  the  swarming  point.  In  this  I  know 
his  queens  are  different  from  mine; 
and  feel  sure  the3'  are  different  from 
those  kept  by  the  m:'.sses. 

THK   TRUTH  IS   ALWAYS    THE  TRUTH. 

Now,  there  is  certainly  a  proper 
place  to  put  the  old  queen  when  shak- 
ing a  swarm;  and  when  tlie  truth  has 
been  established  \\.s  alivays  X\\&  truth, 
and  becomes  one  of  those  inexorable 
laws  in  Nature  that  cannot  be  reversed. 

The  only  way  that  shook-swarming 
can  be  successfully  followed  in  hand- 
ling bees  on  a  large  scale  is  to  adop' 
the  right  plans,  and  then  follovv  them 
with  the  same  "fixity  of  purpose"  that 
the  Japanese  followed  in  their  attack 
upon  Port  Arthur. 

Friend  Aikin  writes  such  a  readable 
article  that  one  is  apt  to  be  carried 
over  errors  witliout  seeing  them;  but 
he  is  surely  mistaken  wlien  he  advises 
us  to  provide  ourselve>*  with  extra  hives 
so  as  to  run  our  colonies  two  stories 
high,  except  during  tlie  honey  season. 
I  am  speaking  of  thi.'<  countrN'^  where 
bees  are  kept  Vjy  the  tiiousands  of  col- 
onies, and  where,  after  the  proper 
equalization  of  lnoud,  not  live  per  cent, 
of  the   colonies    will    come    up  to  June 


)©iiirfte   More   I 


lOth  with  more  bees  and  brood  than 
can  be  contained  in  an  eight-frame 
hive  with  one  super.  I  am  always 
highly  pleased  if  I  can  arrive  at  the 
above  date  with  my  eight-frame  hives 
"chock  full"  of  bees  and  brood;  for 
then  I  know  I  can  get  results  if  there 
is  any  honey  to  be  had. 

I  feel  certain  that  friend  Aikin  has 
not  put  into  practice,  to  much  extent, 
the  plans  he  advises  in  the  Review, 
American  Bee  Journal  and  Irrigation; 
and  1  also  feel  certain  that  he  has 
not  practiced  shook-swarming  as  ex- 
tensively as  I  have  in  the  past,  and 
this  is  why,  I  cannot  let  his  advice,  as 
to  where  to  put  the  old  queen,  go  un- 
challenged. He  admits  that  much 
drone  comb  will  be  built  in  the  brood 
nest,  but  that  the  young  queen  will  not 
use  it,  that  she  will  skip  around  to  the 
worker  comb,  and  suggests  that  this 
drone  comb  honey  can  be  cut  out  and 
sold  as  chunk  honey.  While  all  this 
is  true,  I  claim  that  more  honey  could 
be  sold  in  sections  if  the  brood  nest 
were  worker  comb,  and  filled  with 
worker  brood,  as  it  would  be  with  a 
young  queen. 

And  where  is  the  progressive  j'oung 
producer  who  has  time  or  patience  to 
prod  around  a  brood  nest  hunting 
chunk  honey.  ? 

While  friend  Aikin's  articles  are 
valuable  along  other  lines,  he  has  yet 
to  learn  the  great  value  of  uniformity, 
"thorough  system,"  and  the  best 
methods  to  practice  in  shook-swarm- 
ing. 

LoNGMONT,  Colo.,  Mar.  19,  1906. 


m 


)teiipSnii^  Ouatl°i%plairn! 


MRS.    F.    WILBUR    FREY. 


R.  HUTCHINSON,  I  am  interested 
i-i,  <      .vv    voi!'-  experiments 


M'*-,: 


with  bees  in  the  north  will  lead    you  a 
race  in  surprises. 


110 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Four  years  ago  we  moved  50  colonies 
in  chaff  hives,  to  Tustin,  70  miles  from 
here.  We  set  them  in  the  yard  the  4th 
day  of  August,  with  not'  five  pounds  of 
honey  in  a  hive,  and   very  little   brood. 

We  put  on  supers  and  went  home. 
In  10  days  we  heard  they  were  swarm- 
ing lively;  and  in  25  days  after  moving, 
they  had  stored  enough  honej'  to 
winter,  and  made  1,000  pounds  of  sur- 
plus comb  honey. 

The  next  spring  we  moved  up  25  col- 
onies more  to  hold  our  number  good, 
and  to  consume  the  honey  left  by  the 
colonies  that  died  in  the  winter.  The 
second  winter  we  put  95  colonies  into 
winter  quarters,  and  had  50  in  the 
spring — most  of.  them  were  mere  hand- 
fuls.  We  went  home,  after  building 
them  up  the  best  we  could,  and  giving 
lots  of  room,  and  in  three  weeks  were 
surprised  to  hear  that  the\'  were 
swarming  every  day. 

It  will  surprise  3'ou  when  all  of  the 
most  approved  plans  of  shook-swarm- 
ing  and  dividing  fail,  and  nothing  will 
stop  swarming  except  to  take  away 
the  old  queens. 

We  have  two  out-yards  run  for  comb 
honey,  and  do  not  allow  swarming  ex- 
cept as  one  sometimes  gets  the  start  of 
us. 

Swarming  is  the  problem  to  solve 
when  running  for  section  honey. 

I  think  your  plan  for  securing  ex- 
tracted honey  is  good. 

I  think  clamps  will  not  compare  with 
chaff  hives  for  wintering.  Nothing, 
short  of  the  cellar,  will  be  successful 
in  northern  Michigan. 

TEI.L  us  HOW  TO  PRODUCK  COMB  HONKV 
AND   NOT  HAVE  SWAKMS. 

Why  don't  you  run  for  comb  honey, 
and  teach  us  something  ?  Any  body 
can  run  for  extracted.  Comb  honey  is 
worth  twice  as  much  as  extracted,  and 
will  sell  four  times  as  easy.  We  never 
get  enough  nice  early  honey  to  supplj' 
the  demand. 

Here  are  a  few  of  the  things  I  want 
to  know: 


1st.  How  to  keep  a  large  apiary  to- 
gether until  the  honey  is  completed  ? 

2nd.  The  easiest  way  to  get  rid  of 
old  queens,  and  have  all  young  queens 
in  the  bee  yard  in  the  fall,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  keep  the  colonies  all  strong, 
and  ready  for  all  harvests  ? 

3rd.  How  to  keep  bees  from  wanting 
to  swarm  ? 

4th.  How  to  get  all  nice  clean  honey 
without  travel  stains  ? 

Then  we  can  have  all  honey  of  fancy 
grade. 

Next  spring  I  shall  put  supers  on  all 
my  colonies  iust  as  soon  as  they  are 
strong  enough  to  take  two,  45-pound 
supers,  each.  Then,  if  they  will 
swarm  after  this,  I  will  take  away 
their  old  queens.  After  all  desire  for 
swarming  has  passed,  I  will  requeen 
again.  I  requeened  300  colonies  last 
year,  while  I  prevented  swarming,  and 
think  I  did  not  lose  a  pound  of  honey 
by  re-queening.  Some  colonies  .Sulked 
and  would  not  work,  and  some  used 
all  their  energ3'  in  raising  brood,  but 
would  not  make  any  surplus.  This 
year  I  shall  try  to  head  off  the  desire 
to  swarm  and  sulk,  and,  at  the  same 
time,  start  all  at  work  as  fast  as  they 
can  occupy  two  large  supers.  A  super 
that  holds  less  than  32  pounds  is  "no 
good"  here,  only  to  cause  excessive 
swarming. 

If  you  ripen  your  extracted  honej' 
good,  on  the  hives,  you  will  have 
swarming  just  the  same  as  we  do. 

SOMR  HARD    NUTS  FOR  SMART  BKK  MKN 
TO  CRACK. 

The  bee-deeping  world  lias  only  be- 
gun to  learn  the  art  of  producing  comb 
honey,  and  I  would  like  to  .see  a  few  of 
the  smartest  bee  men  practice  comb 
honey  raising.  Shook-swarming  will 
not  work  where  red  raspberries  grow. 
I  have  seen  10  or  12  colonies  shook  one 
day,  and  swarm  out  in  the  next  two  or 
three  days.  I  want  these  smart  bee 
men  to  go  where  red  raspberries  grow 
in   profusion,  and  learn  how    to  secure 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


111 


larf^e  crops  of  comb  honey,  with- 
out swarminj^,  in  out-yards,  and 
keep  their  colonies  stroiif?  and  in  j^ood 
shape  fo  winter.  \\'hen  they  can  do 
t/iis,  the\'  will  have  done  somethinf^ 
that  is  worth  g^ivinjj;'  to  the  world. 

The  Sibbald  plan  will  not  work 
when  bees  are  determiued  to  sicarni; 
the}'  will  ;/rV  leave  the  queen  until  she 
{jj'oes  with  them.  P^ven  dividinjif  will  not 
work;  both  sitles  will  swarm  if  the 
honey  flow  is  a  ijood  one.  We  want  a 
comb  honey  system  of  management 
that  will  keep  the  bees  home,  and  at 
work,  when  honey  is  comin<r  in  a  Hood; 
f/ioi  we  will  have  "honey  money" — a 
plenty  of  it. 

[Uponreadiug  the  foregoing',  I  wrote 
to  Mrs.  Frey,  sending  her  a  copy  of 
Advanckd  B[':e  CulturK,  and  asking 
her  for  further  particulars  regarding 
her  varied  experiences  with  out-apia- 
ries. Her  reply  is  as  follows: — Ed. 
Review.] 

Dear  Sir,  I  was  very  much  sur- 
prised when  I  received  your  book 
Advanced  Bee  Culture.  It  is  rightly 
named;  and  a  book  that  will  arouse 
the  enthusiasm  of  any  good  bee-keeper. 
Even  my  children  are  anxious  to  read 
read  it. 

About  35  years  ago  my  father-in-law 
got  some  bees  in  box  hives  He  took 
care  of  them  in  this  way  until  19  years 
ago,  when  my  husband  and  I  moved 
upon  a  new  farm.  He  was  tired  of  tak- 
ing' care  of  them  in  that  rude  manner, 
without  veil  or  smoker.  I  learned 
what  my  husband  knew  about  bees, 
and  then  I  took  care  of  them  alone  un- 
til we  had  25  colonies.  Since  that  I 
have  usually  hired  a  woman  to  help 
me  through  the  busj'  season.  Some 
years  I  hire  a  boy  that  is  large  enough 
to  lift  the  heavv-  supers.  My  daughter, 
Dais3',  is  17,  and  she  and  Harold  (21 
in  the  spring)  have  helped  me  do  the 
shop- work  ever  since  they  were  old 
enough   to  fold   sections  or  drive  nails. 


TROUBI.K.S    WITH    BRUIN. 

I  think  it  was  14  years  ago  that  we 
had  our  Hrst  out-yard,  two  miles  north 
of  our  home.  We  kept  it  there  two 
seasons,  and  an  old  bear  and  her  fam- 
ily visited  the  yard  several  times,  and 
destro3'ed  seven  or  eight  colonies  dur- 
ing the  two  seasons.  Then,  one  night 
about  two  o'clock,  when  my  two 
brothers  were  watching-  from  a  scaffold 
in  the  bee-yard  (and  one  had  fallen 
asleep)  the  brother  that  was  awake 
saw  an  old  bear  and  three  cubs  com- 
ing for  another  meal  of  honey.  He 
shot  the  old  bear  and  one  cub,  killing 
them  with  two  shots,  and  the  two  got 
away. 

The  second  winter  three-quarters  of 
the  bees  in  the  out-3'ard  died,  and  we 
brought  home  what  were  left. 

Nine  years  ago  we  started  two  more 
out-yards.  We  kept  from  5  to  75  col- 
onies in  there  during  the  winter.  We 
took  up  one  at  the  end  of  two  years  as 
the  location  did  not  prove  to  be  a  good 
one.  One  yard  was  four  miles  north 
and  one  four  miles  west. 

MOVING  NIGHTS  AND  LETTING  THE  BEES 
WORK  IN  THE  DAY  TIME. 

Then,  seven  years  ago,  we  moved  50 
colonies  to  Tustin  over  some  or  the 
hilliest  roads  in  Michigan.  We  put  12 
single-walled  hives  in  the  box,  and  13 
in  chaflf  hives  on  a  rack  on  each  wagon, 
We  traveled  nights,  and  rested  day- 
times, and  let  the  bees  fly  from  the 
wagons  every  day.  They  had  such  a 
small  amount  of  honey  that  we  knew 
they  would  perish  on  the  road  if  thej' 
did  not  fl\'. 

I  drove  ahead  of  the  teamsters  with 
a  horse  and  buggy,  in  order  to  warn 
them  of  any  dangerous  places  on  the 
road. 

We  sometimes  had  to  drive  until  nine 
or  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning,  before 
before  we  could  find  a  camping    place. 

The  weather  was  extremely  hot,  and 
we  had    the    hardest  rainstorm    I  ever 


112 


THE  BEE-KEEPEKS'  REVIEW 


saw  fall  while  we  camped,  the  after- 
noon of  the  fourth  day.  It  wet  us  all 
through,  and  poured  in  torrents  down 
over  the  bees  and  brood  in  the  single- 
walled  hives.  The  chai¥  hives  on  the 
top  all  had  on  covers. 

A  few  hives  in  the  boxes  worked 
loose,  so  that  the  bees  swarmed  around 
the  wagons  the  last  two  mornings  when 
the  teams  were  towing  up  the  hills, 
and  the  bees  on  the  wagon  that  was 
standing  still  would  be  bringing  in 
honey  and  pollen  before  the  teamsters 
would  return. 

We  had  our  two  children  with  us; 
were  five  nights  on  the  road;  travelled 
four  nights  and  put  up  one  night  to 
sleep  and  dry  our  wet  clothes. 

When  we  had  kept  bees  four  years 
at  Tustin,  our  little  boy  Harry  was 
born.  We  thought  then  our  work  was 
too  much  divided,  so  that  fall  my  hus- 
band went  up  and  killed  100  colonies 
and  moved  everything  home. 

We  now  have  200  colonies  in  winter 
quarters.  We  killed  100  colonies  last 
fall  and  stored  the  honey  for  bnilding- 
up-purposes.  The  bees  are  in  three 
yards  three  and  four  miles  respectively 
from  our  home-yard. 

Our  two  out-yards  both  made  more 
comb  honey  than  the  home-yard.  We 
do  not  watch  any  of  them  in  swarming 
time.  For  the  past  seven  years  my 
children  have  helped  in  the  yards 
when  we  were  dividing  and  hiving. 
My  husband  usually  farms,  while  1 
keep  bees,  although  he  can  do  his  part 
in  the  bee  yard  when  he  is  needed. 
The  part  he  likes  the  best  is  drawing 
home  the  honey,  and  helping  to  spend 
the  honey  money.  My  little  three-year- 
old  Harry,  is  also  a  bee-keeper.  He 
does  all  the  work  he  can  around  the 
shop — and  bothers  the  rest  of  the  time. 

I  think  Mr.  Frey  has  done  one  thing 
with  bees  that  few  have  ever  accom- 
plished. Three  years  ago  last  June  he 
went  to  the  Marion  yard,  four  miles 
west,  to  get  two  loads  of  bees  for  the 
purpose   of   .starting    an    out-yard    at 


Sand    Lake,    nine   miles    east    of    our 
home. 

It  was  a  dark  night;  and  when  three 
miles  on  the  road,  as  they  were  cross- 
ing over  a  corduroy,  his  teamster, 
while  driving  behind  him  with  a  load 
of  18  large  chaff  hives  on  his  wagon, 
drove  off  the  end  of  the  corduroy,  and 
turned  wagon,  bees  and  all,  bottom 
side  us.  They  were  all  large  colonies 
working  in  4.5-pound  supers,  and  the 
supers  were  on.  They  loaded  11  of 
them  again,  and  then  Mr.  Frey  had  to 
go  home  for  lights  and  other  things  to 
use,  as  it  was  raining  by  this  time, 
and  he  had  to  fish  a  part  of  the  remain- 
ing hives  out  of  a  water  hole  with  poles. 

This  yard  proved  a  failure  that  sum- 
mer, so  he  brought  the  bees  home  in 
the  fall.  In  all  the  moving  of  bees  we 
have  done,  tipping  over  included,  we 
never  had  a  comb  break  out  of  its 
frame.  You  see  we  use  the  right  style 
of  frames. 

On  the  whole,  out-yards  have  paid 
us  well.  We  often  get  our  best  crop 
from  the  out-3'iirds. 

If  3'ou  want  experience  that  counts, 
keep  out-yards. 

Sand  Lake,  Mich.,  Jan.  30,  1906. 

[Some  of  the  things  that  Mrs.  Frey 
wishes  to  know,  are  things  that  some 
of  the  rest  of  us  would  like  to  know — 
but  don't  know.  However,  let  me  be- 
gin with  the  questions  that  I  can  an- 
swer. For  instance,  why  don't  I  pro- 
duce comb  instead  of  extracted  honey  ? 
One  reason  is  because  I  wish  to  run 
out-apiaries,  and  swarming  is  more 
easil}'  controlled  at  out-yards  when 
run  for  extracted  hone}'.  Another 
reason  is  that  bee-keepers  living  in 
that  northern  region  to  whi.:h  I  am 
going  say  that  the  seasons  are  so  short, 
and  the  nights  so  cool,  that  bees  do  not 
build  comb  and  cap  the  sections  so 
readil}'  as  they  store  honey  in  ready- 
built  combs,  and  that  they  can  ripen 
and  seal  tine  honey  to  better  advantage 
where  they    can    remain   and    work  in 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


113 


one  great  mass,  as  in  an  upper  stor_v 
of  full-size  combs,  instead  of  being^ 
divided  up  into  numerous  small  clus- 
ters as  they  are  with  most  of  comb 
honey  supers.  They  tell  me  that  the 
cool  nights  drive  the  bees  down  out  of 
the  comb  honey  supers  in  single-wall 
hives;  that  chaft' hives  are  really  needed 
in  the  successful  production  of  comb 
honej'  in  the  northern  part  of  the  lower 
peninsula;  I  have  travelled  about  con- 
siderably in  this  region,  and  have 
found,  almost  without  exception,  that 
it  is  extracted  honey  that  is  produced. 
The  universal  practice  of  any  region  is 
usually  (but  not  alzvays)  the  best  prac- 
tice for  that  region.  There  is  some 
good  reason  zv/iy  such  plans  should  be 
followed. 

To  be  able  to  run  a  colony  for  comb 
honey,  keep  all  of  the  bees  together, 
with  no  desite  to  swarm,  is  something 
the  secret  of  which  we  have  not  learned. 
We  can  so  manage  as  \o prevent  swavDi- 
ing,  but  that  does  not  answer  the  pur- 
pose. We  must  not  have  any  sulking'. 
What  we  must  prevent  is  the  desire  to 
sivarni.  While  I  do  not  expect  to  pro- 
duce comb  honey  in  the  apiaries  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  State,  I  am  not 
without  experience  in  comb  honey  pro- 
duction. I  never  3'et  had  all  of  my  col- 
onies swarm.  As  a  rule,  at  least  one- 
third  of  them  have  not  swarmed.  One 
year,  not  over  half  of  them  swarmed. 
All  were  treated  alike.  Just  why  some 
of  them  swarm,  and  why  some  of  them 
don't,  is  to  me,  an  unsolved  problem. 
If  I  knew  what  it  was,  i  presume  I 
could  so  manage  an  apiary  that  none  of 
the  colonies  would  swarm.  Mr. 
Aspiuwall's  non-swarming  hive  comes 
as  near  an  answer  to  Mrs.  PYey's 
question  in  that  line  as  anything  that 
I  know  of.  I  have  known  Mr.  Aspin- 
wall's  success  with  this  hive,  for  a 
dozen  years,  or  more,  but  there  were 
drawbacks  that  have  only  lately  been 
overcome.  With  this  hive  it  is  possible 
to  do  the  very  thing  that  Mrs.  Frej' 
asks  us  to  do. 


I  see  that  Mrs.  Frey  has  trouble 
with  her  shook-swarms  coming  out 
again  in  two  or  three  days.  I  doubt  if 
the  raspberry  honey  flow,  or  the  sea.son, 
in  her  locality,  has  any  bearing-  on 
her  failures.  It  is  easier  to  say  what 
it  is  not,  than  to  say  what  it  is,  but  I 
know  that  others  have  made  a  great 
success  of  the  plan,  and  I  feel  sure 
that  Mrs.  Frey  could  if  she  knew  just 
exactly  how  to  manage.  Someone  who 
has  tried  it  says  that  the  bees  must  be 
disturbed  and  led  to  fill  themselves  with 
honey  before  being  shaken  off.  This 
seems  like  a  simple  or  unimportant 
point,  but  the  one  who  g^ave  this  saj's 
it  is  all  important.  There  may  be 
some  such  point  as  this  that  Mrs.  Frey 
has  overlooked.  I  think  I  will  give 
shook-swarming-  a  trial  next  summer, 
in  the  raspberry  region,  just  to  see 
how  it  succeeds  with  me,  if  for  nothing 
else. 

Then  there  is  the  matter  of  re-queen- 
ing. I  must  confess  my  lack  of  ex- 
perience along  that  line.  It  is  true, 
that,  as  a  queen  breeder,  I  have  taken 
out  many  tested  queens,  and  replaced 
them  with  young  laying  queens,  but 
this  is  not  exactly  the  plan  that  is 
asked  about.  What  is  wanted  is  some 
plan  b3'  means  of  which  an  apiary, 
worked  for  honey,  can  be  requeened  in 
a  practical  manner  each  3'ear.  The 
article  by  Mr.  Olmstead  is  an  answer 
in  that  direction.  Just  how  practical 
that  plan  will  prove  when  worked  on  a 
large  scale  I  don't  know. 

Let's  go  back  a  little  and  ask  if  re- 
queening  is  advisable  /  I  a,m  willing 
to  admit  that  a  j'oung,  vigorous  queen 
in  the  spring  is  an  advantage,  but  I 
question  if  it  does  not  come  under  the 
head  of  things  thSit  pay,  but  not  so  well 
as  other  things  costing  no  more  time 
and  money.  I  honestlj' believe  that  we 
can  leave  the  matter  of  supersedure  to 
the  bees.  We  may  not  then  get  quite 
so  manj'  bees  to  the  comb,  but  we  can 
take  care  of  tnore  combs. 

If   the  combs    below  the    supers    are 


114 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


new  combs,  there  will  be  little  trouble 
from  travel-stain,  but,  with  old  combs, 
it  is  necessary  to  keep  the  sealed  sec- 
tions away  from  the  proximity  of  the 
brood  nest.  With  tiering-up  this  can 
be  easily  managed.  Nine-tenths  of  all 
of  the  sections  of  comb  honey  that  I 
ever  produced  werecapped over  with  one 
or  more  supers  between  them  and  the 
brood  nest,  and  travel-stain  has  been 
practically  unknown  to  my  honey. 

Mrs.  Frey  says  if  I  ripen  my  ex- 
tracted honey  as  she  ripens  her  comb 
honey,  I,  too,  will  have  swarming.  I 
expect    to    ripen      it    on    the    hive    as 


thoroughly  as  it  is  possible,  to  leave  it 
on  until  it  is  all  sealed — perhaps 
longer — but  I  expect  to  give  more  super 
room  than  would  be  found  in  64  pound 
sections  of  comb  honey.  Perhaps  Mrs. 
Frey  gave  more  than  that  amount  of 
room,  but  that  is  what  I  gather  from 
the  way  in  which  she  writes.  I  expect 
that  at  no  time  will  the  bees  be  left 
without  an  abundance  of  empty  comb 
in  wiiich  to  store  honey.  I  presume 
that  I  will  have  some  swarming—  not 
much,  but  some — and  I'll  tell  all  about 
it  just  as  frankly  if  I  do  have  much.. — 
Ed.  Rkviicw.  1 


«;»»^*^f»*»^ii^w»».»*'>.»^»»»*»».»^»««^^««<f"  •<i*;»i^^».»'»»»»»»»»»»ii.»^»»»>i*»<i'«,»^>i'»-»^'»^>i,»^»»;m^it^*»»/iii^»»*»it>«u»^t»^» 


\ 


> ^«^«^rf»  »*^^u»^' «^»»1i,»*»«^*^*«ir««^*«.«^>r»  «^fc»^^»»« ^^^Bmic'  .^s^i^B^. «««,<^»i^"  ■  •^«.<^rf«  ».»^^*F^»k-^*^^n«'"  i^ji^t^^f  «^«» 


Size  of  Hives,  as  it  effects  the  tend- 
ency of  the  bees  to  swarm,  is  well- 
illustrated  by  the  experience  of  Mr.  C. 
F.  Smith,  of  Cheboygan,  Michigan. 
He  writes  that  he  has  bees  in  7,  8,  9, 
10  and  12-frame  hives,  respectively, 
and,  of  the  colonies  in  the  7-frame 
hives  95  per  cent,  swarmed,  of  the 
8-frames  85  per  cent,  swarmed,  of  those 
on  9  frames  70  per  cent,  swarmed,  of 
the  10-frame  style 55  percent,  swarmed, 
while  only  33  per  cent,  of  those  on  12 
frames  cast  swarms. 


i'S'^^li^BH*  • 


The  Hoffman  frame  receives  the  re- 
spects of  Mr.  Chapman  as  follows: 
"  Don't  let  Mr.  Gill  get  away  with 
you  on  the  Hoffman  frame  problem. 
When  I  go  out  to  plow,  the  first  thing  I 
take  hold  of  is  the  handles  of  the  plow; 
and  they  ;-tre  good  ones,  too.  When  I 
whittle  kindlings,  the  handle  on  the 
knife  is  pretty  nearly  the  main  thing. 
When  we  handle  frames  we  want  good 
handles  to  get  hold  of,  and  I  would 
like  to  know  where  the  handle  is  to  tiie 
Hoffman  frame." 


Encouragement  is  often  needed  as 
much  instruction.  This  is  exemplified 
b}^  the  following  extract  from  a  sub- 
scriber down  in  Pennsylvania:  "In  the 
winter  of  1903-4  I  lost  nearly  all  of  my 
bees,  and  became  so  discouraged  that 
I  almost  wished  that  I  had  never  seen 
a  bee,  but  the'  Review  kept  humming 
away  on  the  'keep  more  bees'  chord 
till  I  got  up  the  courage  to  go  at  it 
ag^ain.  I  had  no  money,  but  I  kept 
bees  on  shares  one  season,  then  bought 
100  colonies,  and  these,  with  their  in- 
crease, and  a  few  I  bought  this  season, 
put  me  up  to  265  colonies,  thanks  to 
the  Review. " 


*^rf^«^ir^  »■««» 


A  Hunters'  and  Trappers'  Magazine. 

There  are  few  industries  now  with- 
out a  periodical  exponent.  Even  hunt- 
ings and  trapping  has  a  magazine.  It 
is  called  the  Hunter-Trapper-Trader, 
and  is  published  monthly,  at  $1.00  a 
year,  at  326  East  Broad  St.,  Columbus, 
Ohio.  I  read  it  with  considerable  in- 
terest, probably  because  a  good  share 
of  each   autumn  in   my  boyhood's  days 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


115 


was  spent  in  hunting-  and  trapping". 
Many  is  the  dollar  that  I  earned  in 
this  way,  and  in  manj'  parts  of  the 
countrj'  there  is  still  "good  inone3', " 
in  it  for  boys,  or  anj' one  with  leisure 
in  the  fall  and  winter.      Send  ten  cents 


for  a  cop3%  and  it  may  i>ut  you  in  a 
way  of  making-  some  money  where  you 
least  expected  it.  No  this  isn't  a  paid 
advertisement;  the  publisher  will  prob- 
ably be  the  most  surprised  of  the  lot 
when  he  sees  this  notice. 


HONhY  CANDYING  IN  THE  CONB. 


Is  This   More  Likely  to  Take  Place  if  the 

Cells  Contain  a  Little  Candied  Honey 

When  Given  to  the  Bees. 


At  the  end  of  the  harvest,  when  the 
hone^'  has  all  been  extracted,  it  is  the 
practice  of  bee-keepers  to  g-ive  the  bees 
access  to  the  combs  that  they  i-nay  be 
cleaned  up  before  being-  stored  away 
for  the  winter.  If  any  partly  filled 
sections  are  left  at  the  end  of  the  sea- 
son, the  honej'  is  usualh^  extracted 
from  them,  and  the  bees  allowed  to 
clean  up  the  combs  before  the  combs 
are  put  away  for  winter. 

I  have  followed  this  practice,  siuiph' 
because  I  have  been  taug-ht  that  that  is 
the  proper  wa3'  to  do.  I  have  never 
tried  leaving  the  combs  with  a  little 
honej'  adhering  to  the  sides  of  the  cells. 
I  have  been  taught  that  this  honey 
would  granulate,  and  I  expect  that  it 
would,  and  I  have  been  told  still 
further,  that  this  granulated  honey 
would  be  sort  of  "starter,"  that  would 
start  granulation  in  the  new  honey 
stored  in  the  cells.  I  have  often  won- 
dered if  this  were  really  true,  as  I 
have  noticed  that  the  bees  always 
clean  out  a  cell  perfectly  before  storing- 
honey  in  it,  and  now  comes  Mr.  Doo- 
little,  in  the  American  Bee  Journal, 
saying  that  this  cleaning  out  of  the 
combs  in  the  fall  is  entirely  useless. 
Here  is  what  he  says: 

I  have  been  censured  for  thus  advis- 
ing the  use  of  bait-sections  (without 
their  having  been  cleaned  the  previous 


fall)  the  claim  being  made  that  if  we 
do  thus  that  the  little  honey  left  after 
extracting  will  granulate,  and  from 
this  the  "seed"  for  granulation  will 
be  left  in  the  cells,  so  that  the  honey  in 
baits  thus  used  will  granulate  much 
sooner  than  would  be  the  case  were  the 
sections  cleaned  by  the  bees  in  the  fall 
before  the  honey  had  a  chance  to  gran- 
ulate. But  after  years  of  careful  ob- 
servation and  experimenting,  I  can 
only  think  my  critics  are  mistaken, 
for  such  does  not  hold  true  with  me.  I 
am  confident  that  the  bees  always  clean 
all  cells  in  which  they  deposit  honey 
absolute]}'  clean  before  they  store  any 
honey  therein,  and  by  their  so  doing 
all  this  supposed  "seed"  is  removed  so 
that  there  are  no  granulating  "germs" 
left  to  start  granulating.  And,  as  my 
experience  says  that  the  honey  in  such 
extracted  sections  does  not  granulate 
any  quicker  than  that  in  any  of  the 
sections  containing  baits,  cleaned  by 
the  bees  in  the  fall,  as  is  often  recom- 
mended, I  must  be  excused  for  think- 
ing that  the  ideas  of  my  critics  are  not 
well-founded. 

I  would  be  glad  to  hear  from  others 
on  this  point,  especially  from  those 
who  have  had  experience.  Many  times 
there  is  no  objection  to  having  the 
combs  cleaned  up  in  the  fall,  but  some 
bee-keepers  don't  extract  all  of  their 
honey  until  late  in  the  fall  when  the 
bees  are  flying  very  little,  or  not  at  all; 
and  others,  a  few,  bring  all  of  the 
combs  to  the  home-yard  to  extract, 
and  others  are  thinking  of  doing  this 
wa}-,  and  the  question  is,  if  it  isn't 
necessary  to  have  the  combs  cleaned 
up  the  previous  autumn,  wh}'  go  to  the 
trouble  at  a  time  when  their  exposure 
puts  the  apiar3'  into  more  or  less  of  a 
fracas? 


116 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


SWARMING. 


Why  it  is  Objectionable  and  How  it  May 
be  Prevented. 


R.  F.  Holtennann,  of  Ontario,  has 
been  keeping  bees  and  writing  about 
them  for  a  great  many  years.  Per- 
haps friend  Holtermann  will  not  re- 
gard as  a  compliment  what  I  am  about 
to  sa}',  but,  to  me,  his  writings  for  the 
last  year  have  seemed  of  unusual  value 
— perhaps  they  are  the  ripened  fruit 
of  years  of  experience.  Perhaps  my 
own  experience  enables  me  to  more 
fully  appreciate  them.  Be  this  as  it 
may,  his  talks  at  conventions,  and  his 
writings,  have,  of  late,  seemed  to  be 
unusually  good.  He  has  lately  con- 
tributed an  article  to  Gleanings  on  the 
question  of  all  questions,  just  now, 
swarming,  what  causes  it,  how  to  pre- 
vent it,  etc.  I  have  read  the  article, 
and  then  re-read  it,  something  I  sel- 
dom do,  and  I  believe  it  is  worthy'  of 
eareful  .study  by  all  bee-keeping  spe- 
cialists.    Here  is  what  he  says: — 

For  some  time  I  have  seen  that 
swarming  in  the  life's  history  of  a 
colony  of  bees  is  a  calamity,  even  if 
the  colony  is  in  the  hands  of  an  intel- 
ligent producer.  Mr.  L.  A.  Aspinwall 
has  still  better  expressed  it,  and  in  lan- 
guage none  too  strong,  by  saying,  "It 
is  the  bane  of  modern  apiculture." 
Swarming  is  to  the  honey  crop  what 
rearing  of  calves  is  to  the  cheese  and 
butter  crop.  This  is  a  fair  compari- 
parison,  and  the  two  are  very  closely 
parallel.  To  swarming  can  be  traced 
in  ordinary  bee-keeping  the  majority 
of  cases  of  queenlessness,  robbing, 
weak  colonies  in  the  fall  and  spring, 
loss  of  honey  crop,  and  foul  brood.  It 
means  divided  energy,  often  two  to 
lift  two  loads  when  it  takes  the 
two  to  handle  one,  therefore  nothing  or 
little  is  accomplished.  That  this  has 
in  the  past  been  acted  upon  without 
thoughtful  recognition  in  my  case  and 
in  many  others  is  shown  in  our  admis- 
sion that  large  swaruis  are  expected  to 
give  us  yields  of  honey  when  the  small 
oft  divided  we  set  no  task  in  that  di- 
rection. We  have  sought  to  prevent 
swarming,  largely  as  a  matter  of  con- 
venience, by  not  having  to  watch  them, 
and    sometimes    so  as   not   to   have  the 


trouble  hiving  them.  This  alone 
makes  non-swarming  a  goal  worthy  of 
our  effort.  When  I  look  upon  the 
many  hours  and  days  spent  in  hot 
summer  weather  watching  issuing 
swarms  and  hiving  them,  it  seems  to 
me  I  would  almost  sooner  go  out  of 
the  business  than  return  to  these  prob- 
ably   antediluvian  methods. 

While  not  completely  master  of  the 
situation,  as  I  am  inclined  to  believe 
Mr.  Aspinwall  may  be,  yet  I  have  got 
a  system  of  non-swarming  very  satis- 
factory TO  me,  and  I  have  very  largely 
worked  it  out  for  myself,  and  consulted 
no  one  about  it.  As  stated  at  the  Chi- 
cago convention,  certain  similar  lines 
of  thought  and  certain  conclusions, 
one  independent  of  the  other,  have  been 
followed  out  by  Mr.  Aspinwall  and 
myself.  This  is  to  me  only  added  evi- 
dence of  their  correctness.  My  methods 
can  be  of  use,  and  applied  to  almost 
any  modern  hive,  the  advantages  being 
greater  or  less — more  or  less  complete 
in  its  application.  The  smaller-hive 
man  can  use  it  to  advantage,  but  not 
with  best  results. 

Some  of  us  may  be  accused  of  being 
large-hive  men,  and  that  we  are  boom- 
ing large  hives.  There  is  no  patent 
on  the  size  of  a  hive.  I  have  been  com- 
pelled to  become  a  large-hive  man 
against  my  will ;  and,  had  I  not  always 
sought  to  be  reasonably  open  to  con- 
viction would  probabU'  still  hold  me 
in  the  ranks  of  what  we  now  look  upon 
as  baby  honey-nuclei.  I  have  sold  to 
my  own  profit  eight-frame  Langstroth 
hives  for  what  I  could  get  for  them, 
afterward  replacing  them  with  the 
twelve-frame.  In  the  non-swarming 
method  I  use,  we  must  consider  the 
hive,  the  bees,  their  location,  and  the 
method  of  manipulation. 

A  ditch  which  I  was  willing  to  con- 
cede to  the  enemy  of  large  hives  was 
that  the  smaller  hive  was  better 
for  comb  honey.  This,  too,  has  been 
fought  for,  and,  in  my  estimation,  has, 
by  solid  reason,  been  vanquished  and 
taken.  Which  builds  up  more  rapidly 
in  the  spring  -a  two-frame  nucleus  or 
an  eight-frame  hive  ?  This  is  easily 
answered.  To  put  it  as  favorably  as 
possible  to  the  small-hive  advocate, 
"Which  multiplies  in  bees  the  more 
rapidly — a  hive  with  3,000  bees  or  one 
with  12,000,  other  things  being  equal, 
so  long  as  they  are  not  crowded  ?  The 
larger  number  will  double  first.  On 
the  same  ground,  a  colony  which  never 
swarmed  in  1905  (and  filled  its  twelve- 
frame  brood-chamber  in  the  fall  as  well 
as  anotiier  an  eight-frame),  winter  and 
other  conditions  being  equal,  will  build 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


117 


up  faster  in  the  spriiif^  I  have  had 
lots  of  colonies  in  the  sprinf,'',  rtllinjj;- 
their  twelve  combs  just  as  well  as 
their  eij^^ht-franie;  in  fact,  not  having 
swarmed  they  are  more  uniform. 
Stronjjf  colonies  are  what  we  want 
every  time  and  all  the  time  providinj;- 
we  f;'ive  them  room.  We  ;ire  told  col- 
onies may  be  too  stronj,';  the  moderate 
pull  ahead  in  the  end.  With  a  g-reat 
bij4^  magnified  laui^h  people  have  told 
me  thej^  tried  large  hives  and  they 
were  the  first  to  swarm.  I  grant  col- 
onies may  be  too  strong"  if  improperlj' 
managed.  Room  not  being  given  in 
the  brood-chamber,  and  it  being-  al- 
lowed to  be  honey  clogged,  the  strong 
colon}',  when  willow,  maple,  or  fruit- 
bloom  comes,  will  crowd  with  honey 
the  brood-chamber  and  curtail  the 
brood-nest,  and  swarm  or  fall  behind 
for  lack  of  brood  room,  when  the 
weaker,  not  storino"  surplus,  but  with 
enough  for  stimulation  and  immediate 
requirements,  gains  upon  the  stronger 
and  outstrips  it.  For  such  a  condition 
no  allcvance  need  be  made  in  intelli- 
g-ent  modern  bee-keeping".  We  may  all 
allow  this  at  times;  but  the  system  is 
not  at  fault — our  manag'ement  is. 

To  those  who  laugh  at  the  earl}' 
swarms  from  larger  hives,  the  above 
applies,  in  addition,  the  fact  that,  hav- 
ing- a  larger  force  to  begin  with,  they 
build  up  faster,  and  will  swarm  unless 
properly  managed.  If  contraction  is 
practiced,  the  large  hive  has  no  greater 
need  (if  as  much  need)  of  contraction 
than  the  smaller. 

There  are  far  more  queens  able  to 
use  a  twelve-frame  brood-chamber  than 
bee-keepers  realize.  Because  a  queen 
is  not  keeping-  an  eight-frame  brood-- 
charaber  full  of  brood  is  not  always  a 
rea>on  for  "pinching  her,"  and  is  far 
from  proof  that  she  could  not  fill  a 
twelve  if  given  a  chance.  It  is  quite 
as  often  proof  that  the  bee-keeper  needs 
pinching.  What  I  mean  is  that  brood- 
chambers  are  often  allowed  to  be  honey 
and  pollen  clogged,  and  in  a  condition 
where  there  is  not  proper  room.  Here 
lies  a  foundation  truth  in  successful 
bee-keeping;  and  how  a  more  uniform 
3'ield  per  colony'  could  be  secured, 
straight  evenly  spaced  combs,  not  so 
old  that  the  bees  are  waiting-  for  a 
"rainj'  daj^"  to  chew  them  down  and 
make  them  fit  for  brood.  Seeing:  that 
there  is  plenty  of  honej',  but  not  too 
much,  and  that  if  the  colony  has  been 
queenless  through  swarming,  or  other- 
wise, and  has  become  honey  and  pollen 
clogged,  see    that    the  new    queen   has 


amiile  room  to  lay  without  the  bees 
making  the  room  at  a  loss  of  time  to 
bees  and  tjueens.  To  k^ep  a  la3'ing 
queen  in  the  hive  all  the  time,  as  can 
be  done  when  not  swarming,  is  a  valu- 
able simple  way  of  gaining-  some 
points  in  the  sj'stem.  Some  varieties 
of  bees,  especially  strains  of  Italians, 
are  more  apt  to  pack  honey  about  the 
brood,  and  must  be  watched  more,  and 
this  trait  properly  directed.  Bruise 
honej'  so  as  to  bleed;  and  if  there  is  too 
much  in  the  brood-chamber,  put  it 
elsewhere;  either  give  to  colonies  tiot 
so  well  provided,  or,  if  strong  enough 
and  seasonable,  give  a  super  with  one 
or  more  combs,  or  remove  entirely.  I 
took  about  fifty  combs,  for  this  reason, 
from  the  brood-chambers  last  season. 
I  was  too  much  rushed  to  attend  to 
them,  and  the  moth  destroyed  them. 
That  is  bad  enough,  but  it  paid  better 
than  to  cut  down  the  capacity  of  my 
twelve-frame  Langstroth  brood-cham- 
bers. 

There  is  a  great  difference  in  bees 
as  to  swarming.  I  am  not  prepared  to 
say  that,  if  I  ran  only  one-apiary,  it 
would  not  be  Carniolan  bees  I  would 
keep.  If  Mr.  Aspinwall's  hive  proves 
to  be  a  non-owarmer,  it  is  Carniolans  I 
shall  have;  but  in  running  out-3'ards, 
and  with  the  busy  season  we  have, 
bees  are  .sometimes  allowed  to  crowd 
even  our  large  hives,  and  then  the  Car- 
niolans lesent  the  restricted  energy 
more  than  other  varieties.  I  admit 
the}'  are  too  much  for  me  in  thei'- 
purity  at  present;  but  I  aim  at  having 
them  one-third  blood  Carniolan.  Some 
strains  of  Italians  doing  goo.l  work 
too,  but  probably  not  the  best,  and  are 
easily  kept  from  swarming.  Begin 
with  strong  stocks  in  the  apiary,  and 
3'ou  have  a  difficulty  in  preventing 
swarming-  that  the  badl3'  wintered  and 
weak  colonies  do  not  give.  Have  a 
long  flow  with  but  little  of  break  be- 
tween blossoms,  and  you  have  a  diffi- 
dulty  those  with  short  and  sharp  flows 
do  not  experience.  The  condition  of 
man3'  ofmv  colonies  and  the  conditions 
under  which  they  are  placed  are  most 
trying  as  to  swarming,  and  more  is  ac- 
complished than  man3'  will  realize  who 
are  not  similarl3'  ]ilaced.  As  soon  as 
the  brood-chamber  is  crowded,  and  the 
bees  require  room,  supers  are  put  on; 
a  queen  excluder,  with  only  a  wooden 
rim  and  two  cross-pieces,  is  put  in 
place.  I  grant  there  ma3'  be  a  greater 
tendenc\'to  swarm  with  queen-exclud- 
ers, but  not  much  if  the  perforations  in 
the   metal  are   obstructed    as    little  as 


118 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


possible,  and  there  is  drawn  canb 
above. 

In  the  Holtermann  hive  there  is  a 
ventilator,  made  of  three  staples  in 
which  slides  a  piece  of  galvanized  iron. 
This  can  be  used  whenever  the  bees 
are  likely  to  be  uncomfortable.  I  keep 
them  pretty  well  open  during'  the 
honey-liow,  and  it  gives  the  bees  fresh 
air  in  the  super.  Just  now  I  will 
simply  mention  this  as  a  factor  in  the 
prevention  of  swarming. 

As  the  bees  multiply  and  require 
more  room,  another  super  is  added. 
The  bees  require,  in  a  fair  honey-flow, 
to  keep  them  contented,  more  super 
room  than  a  brood-chamber.  Less 
than  two  when  a  goud  honey  flow  is  on 
for  some  days  will  not  be  able  to 
satisfy  them.  The  field  bees  live  eight 
weeks  or  so,  and  spend  the  greater 
part  of  their  life  gathering  honey;  also 
a  certain  proportion  of  young  bees  keep 
coming  on,  and  a  certain  proportion  of 
old  bees  keep  dropping  off,  and  it  re- 
quires more  than  one  super  to  strike  a 
balance  near  enough  to  satisfy  the  bees. 
As  soon  as  a  good  honey-flow  is  on, 
and  the  weather  is  warm,  the  entrance 
to  the  hive  is  enlarged  %  in  depth. 
This  can  be  done  by  means  of  the  S. 
T.  Pettit  wedges  or  a  drop  bottom.  I 
do  not  like  simply  raising  the  brood- 
chamber  on  blocks;  the  bees  can  then 
fly  in  at  all  sides — an  inconvenience  in 
manipulation,  and  confusion  to  the  bees 
when,  at  the  close  of  the  season,  the 
brood-chamber  is  let  down.  It  is  not 
necessarj'  to  resort  to  this.  The  double 
door  in  my  hive  can  be  half  raised,  and 
then  it  affords  a  fine  shade  to  the  front 
of  the  hive. 

The  cover  is  used  as  protection 
against  heat  and  cold.  I  ain  quite 
satisfied,  from  many  years  of  observa- 
tion, that,  to  have  the  hives  shaded  by 
trees  which  are  in  leaf  as  hot  weather 
comes,  and  that  lose  tneir  leaves  in  the 
fall,  is  a  great  preventive  of  swarming, 
and,  properly  trimmed,  they  are  no 
obstruction. 

When  all  the  above  has  been  attend- 
ed to  we  watch  proceedings  and  the 
season  and  fields.  If  more  room  is 
needed  it  is  given.  Properly  managed 
there  is  no  trouble  in  keeping  a  hive 
almost  always  contented  and  building 
them  up  so  strong  that,  with  four 
supers  the  same  capacity  as  the  brood- 
chaml)er,  all  will  be  crowded  with  bees 
from  top  to  bottom.  In  swarming 
honey  is  often  left  unripe  in  the  supers. 
Colonies  divide  in  proportion  to  suit 
their    sweet    whim.      Many    hives    are 


only  partially  occupied;  the  same  with 
combs.  Naturallj'  the  swarm  is  run- 
ning down  to  a  point  of  less  3'ield,  and 
the  old  colon 3'  is  like  a  bee-keeper  get- 
ting oft"  a  sick-bed  at  the  beginning  of 
the  honey-flow,  hoping  he  will  be  able 
to  gain  suflicient  strength  from  day  to 
day  to  get  to  a  condition  before  the 
season  closes  where  he  can  do  a  day's 
work.  Broadly  speaking,  in  the  one 
case  it  is  a  struggle  between  man  and 
bee — shall  the  bees  run  the  man  (they 
certainly  will  at  times),  or  shall  the 
man  run  the  b  es  witii  at  best  a  com- 
promise ?  In  the  other  the  man  runs 
the  bees. 

This  article  may  not  be  accepted  by 
all.  To  bs  frank,  however,  logic  il 
reasoning,  sticking  to  the  point  at 
issue,  is  not  feared.  Statements  with- 
out reasoning,  and  shitting  from  one 
point  to  another  when  about  to  be 
taken,  is  what  I  fear.  Such  discus- 
sions are  of  profit  to  none. 

While  agreeing,  in  the  main,  with 
Bro.  Holtermann,  I  think  there  are 
cases  in  which  swarming,  or  increase, 
is  advisable.  I  suppose  my  friend 
would  not  dispute  this.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  cover  everj-  little  point  in  one 
article.  Where  there  is  a  heavy  fall 
flow,  and  the  bee-keeper  has  not  as 
many  colonies  as  he  can  manage  ,and 
his  territory  will  support,  earl3'  in- 
crease is  advisable.  Two  colonies  in 
the  fall  will  store  more  than  one  that 
has  been  l:ept  from  swarming. 

The  illustration  of  the  calves  and 
the  cheese  and  butter  crop  is  a  good 
one,  but  suppose  that  the  farmer  is  to 
remain  in  the  business  ten  years,  and 
has  not  as  many  cows  as  he  can  care 
for  and  his  pastures  will  support,  then 
it  will  pay  him,  in  the  end,  to  raise 
some  more  cows.  When  a  man  has  all 
of  the  colonies  or  cows  that  he  can 
manage  protii.;ibl3',  there  is  no  question 
but  the  swarms  and  calves  are  much 
alike. 

This  point  of  how  rapidl3'  a  colon3' 
will  increase,  in  proportion  to  its  size, 
is  a  most  excellent  one,  and  worthy  of 
consideration.  Of  course  an  eight- 
comb  colony  will  increase  faster  than 
a  two-comb  nucleus,  but  it  is  a  ques- 
tion   if    it    will   build    up  four  times 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


119 


faster,  or  more  than  that.  If  it  will 
build  up  four  times  as  fast  we  are  for- 
tunate, as  it  is  cheaper  to  house  bees 
in  large  than  in  small  hives,  althouj,Mi 
it  is  harder  work  to  lift  the  hives  when 
they  are  large.  Of  course,  a  large 
colony  will  build  up  more  rapidly  than 
a  small  one,  but  it  is  evident  that  if  we 
keep  on  enlarging  the  hive,  a  point  is 
finally  reached  where  the  queen  and 
ller  helpers  can't  keep  up  with  thehive. 
A  colony  must  be  sufficiently  large  so 
that  it  can  work  to  advantage  -so  that 
there  will  le  sufticient  heat,  and  food 
and  enough  workers  to  care  for  the 
eggs  tliat  the  queen  will  ordinarily  lay. 
In  other  words,  a  proper  balance  must 
be  preserved  between  these  various 
factors.  As  Dickens  saj's:  "We  must 
preserve  the  unities.  "  So  many  people 
have  argued  in  favor  of  a  large  hive  in 
order  that  the  queen  maj'  not  be 
"cramped  for  room  in  which  to  lay." 
We  don't  keep  bees,  nor  build  hives, 
simplv'  that  the  queens  may  have  room 
to  "spread  themselves;"  what  is  needed 
is  a  hive  with  the  combs  full  of  brood, 
and  of  such  a  size  tiiat  with  it  we  can 
accomplish  the  objects  we  have  in  view; 
one  of  which  is  to  furnish  super  room 
in  such  proportion,   as  Mr.  Holtermann 


says,  that  the  wear  and  tear  on  the 
working  force  will  just  about  equal 
that  of  tlie  hatching  bees.  This  is  one 
of  the  moNt  valuable  p  tints  in  the 
article. 

I  doubt  if  it  is  possible  to  s  ly  '7///.s" 
is  the  correct  size  of  hive  for  every  !)ody 
Localities,  men  and  their  nehods,  all 
differ.  Mr.  Chapman,  in  Noithern 
Michigan,  makes  a  success  of  extracted 
honey  production  with  an  eight-frame 
Langstroth  hive;  IMr.  Townsend  does 
the  very  same  thing  with  a  ten-frame 
Langstroth;  IJrother  Holtermann,  over 
in  Ontar  o,  accomplishes  wonders  with 
a  twelve-frame  Langstroth. 

There  is  no  question  that  shade  and 
ventilation  help  to  keep  down  swarm- 
ing. If  anyl)ody  wishes  to  give  more 
ventilation,  aside  from  a  generous  en- 
trance, it  is  an  eas.v  matter  to  slide  a 
super  along  until  a  crack  is  opened. 
In  this  way  the  matter  can  be  given  a 
trial. 

There  is  one  other  point  that  Mr. 
Holtermann  has  been  pressing  of  late, 
and  I  wish  to  say  "amen,"  viz.,  that  of 
holding  the  mind  in  readiness,  or  will- 
ingness, to  accept  truth.  So  many 
form  a  conclusion  first,  and  then  bend 
every  argument  to  tit  the  conclusion. 


^     Cmtlma©go     (Gf©©(dl   (Groodlsp    a©w    IFiriceSp     S 

i  m  ILYON  Mfgo  C©o         % 

New  London,  Wis.  if 


120 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Bee  Hive,  White  Enameled 

PAINT 

Ready  to  Use  Without  Mixing 

One   gallon    will    paint    15    hives,  two  coats. 

Price,  $1.50  Per  Gallon. 

When  dry,  this  material  has  a  very  glossy 
china  -  like  appearance,  well  -  repaying  the  10 
cents    per    hive    expended    for  the  paint. 

\A/.    2.    HUTCHINSON 

Inst  year,  nsed  five  gallons  —  this  year  he 
has    ordered    ten    gallons. 

We  pa}'  the  frieght  on  five-  or  ten- 
gallon    orders. 

Send    ns    yonr    order    direct,   and  will  make 

shipment    same  da}^    we    get   it. 

Michigan  Paint  Comyany, 

(  Sole  Manufactnrers.) 

Flint,  Michigan. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


121 


I    AU|#ic     B66b\A/3I*6  always  fits.     Every   part   meets  every  other   part   accurately.     It 
**        '^     »*«*«#     wwcil^  g-oes  together   like  a  watch.     This   means   something-  does   it   not? 
All   parts  can  l>e  assembled  in  a  jiffy.     Why?    Because   they  fit.     No  loss  of   material,  no  loss  of 
time,  no  loss  of  patience  I 

|_AU|«ic    R^0aHil#tf^C   are  made   from  clear,  white  Wisconsin   pine.     No  knots  or  other  im- 
k^vvia    »^%,%S    niv^a   perfections.     Therefore  different  from   other  makes  of  hives.     Abso- 
lutely clear,  and  when  we  say  clear,  we  mean  exactly  what  we  say. 


Lewis  Sections 


are   made  from   white  Wisconsin   basswood— the  finest   in  the    world. 
I-A-wis  sectiors    are  the  best    in  the  world.     They   ought  to  be.     They 
are  the  most  carefully  selected  and  the  most  carefully  made. 


Insist  on  Lewis  Goods. 


Accept  no  substitutes 


Look  for  the  brand.     Send  for  catalog-  to-day.  if  you  haven't  one. 

There  are  a  score  of  our  agents  besides  ourselves  who    can  furnish    you  with  LEWIS  GOODS   at 
factory  prices.     They  are; 


ENGLAND— E.  H.  Taylor,  Welwyn.  Herts. 
PRANCE— Raymond   Cariel,  2   ter    Quai   de   la 

Megisseri,  Paris. 
CUBA— C.  B.   Stevens  &  Co..  Havana. 

C.    B.  Stevens  &   Co.,    Manzanillo. 
CALIFORNIA— Paul  Bachert.  Lancaster. 

The  Chas.  H.  Lillj'  Co.,  San  Francisco. 
COLORADO— R.  C.  Aikm,  Loveland. 

Arkansas  Vallej"  Honej'-Producers'  Association, 

Rocky  Ford. 

Colo,    Honey-Producers'  Association,  Denver. 
COLORADO— Grand  June.  Fruit  Growers' A sso.. 

Grand  Junction, 

Robert  Halley,  Montrose. 
ILLINOIS— York     Honey     &    Bee    Supply    Co.. 

Chicago. 
Dadant  &  Sons,  Hamilton,  Ills. 


IOWA— Adam  A.  Clark.  Le  Mars. 

Louis  Hanssen's  Sons,  Davenport. 

W.  J.  McCarty.  Emmetsburg. 
INDIANA— C.  M.  Scott  &  Co.,  Indianapolis. 
MICHIGAN— A.     G.     Woodman    &    Co..    Grand 

Rapids. 
MINNESOTA— Wis.    Lumber   Co.,   432    Lumber 

Exchange,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
MISSOURI— E.  T.  Abbott,  St.  Joseph. 
OHIO— Norris  &  Anspach.  Kenton. 
OREGON-The  Chas.  H.  Lilly  Co.,  Portland. 
PENNSYLVANIA-Cleaver  &  Greene,  Troy. 
TEXAS— Southwestern  Bee  Co.,  San  Antonio. 
UTAH— Fred  Foulger  &  Sons,  Ogden. 
WASHINGTON-The     Chas.       H.       Lilly      Co. 

Seattle. 


Q.  B.  LEWIS  COMPANY, 

WATERTOWN,  W15.  U    S.  A. 


.DVAHC: 


)ls  off  C©iiteinii 


In  a  story-paper,  when  a  continued  story  has  been 
running-  several  weeks,  there  will  often  be  found,  at  the 
beg-inning-of  each  installment,  a  "synopsis"  of  the  pre- 
ceding chapters.  By  a  perusal  of  this  "synopsis,"  the 
new  subscriber  is  able  to  pick  up  the  story  at  that 
point,  and  follow  it  understandingly.  In  one  sense,  the 
new  book,  Advancicd  Bizk  Cultukk,  is  a  "synopsis  "  of 
bee  culture.  It  is  the  cream,  or,  as  one  man  puts  it,  the 
"  butter,"  of  what  has  appeared  in  the  Review  during 
the  nearly  20  years  of  its  existence.  It  gives  the  best 
methods,  the  advanced  methods,  (hence  the  name)  for 
managing  bees  for  profit.  It  tells  what  is  already 
kiiozuii ;  then  the  Review  takes  up  the  subject,  and  dis- 
cusses what  we  doiC t  kiiozc,  but  are  trying  to  learn. 

It  first  takes  up  the  subject  of  Bee-Keeping  as  a 
Business;  then  shows  the  best  method  of  Making"  a 
Start  in  Bee-Keeping;  points  out  the  Mistakes  in  Bee- 
Keeping;  shows  the  wonderful  Influence  of  Locality; 
tells  what  is  the  Best  Stock  and  how  to  Secure  it;  giyes 
points  that  will  enable  a  bee-keeper  to  make  a  wise 
Choice  of  Hive;  shows  the  necessity  and  use  of  Honey 


Boards  and  Queen  Excluders,  describes  the  various 
kinds  of  Sections  and  Their  Adjustment  upon  the  Hive; 
has  a  chapter  upon  the  Arrang-ement  of  Hives  and  Build- 
ings; another  on  Comforts  and  Conveniences  in  the 
Apiary;  tells  why,  and  when,  and  how,  to  use  Shade  for 
Bees;  gives  most  excellent  advice  on  the  Use  and  Abuse 
of  Comb  Foundation;  then  takes  up  that  most  puzzling 
of  questions,  Increase,  its  Management  and  Control; 
tells  how  to  best  manage  the  Hiving  of  Bees;  devotes 
several  pages  and  some  beautiful  illustrations  to  Com- 
mercial Queen  Rearing;  follows  them  up  with  a  chapter 
on  Introducing  Queens,  giving  one  plan  that  never 
fails;  then  it  takes  up  the  Feeding  of  Bees;  following 
this  is  a  sort  of  gathering  together  of  the  various  fea- 
tures already  described,  showing  their  relations  to  one 
another  in  the  Production  of  Comb  Honey;  the  reader  is 
next  given  the  secrets  of  Producing  Good  Extracted 
Honey  at  the  least  possible  cost;  after  the  honey  is  pro- 
duced, then  its  Preparation  for  the  Market  and  Market- 
ing are  discussed,  then  Migratory  Bee-Keeping;  Out- 
Apiaries;  House-Apiaries;  and  Apiarian  Exhibits  at 
Fairs  are  each  given  a  chapter;  following  these  are  prob- 
ably the  best  descriptions  and  methods  of  treatment 
for  Foul  Brood  that  have  ever  been  published;  after  this 
comes  the  question  of  Wintering,  which  is  discussed  in 
all  of  its  phases,  The  Influence  of  Food,  Temperature, 
Moisture,  Protection,  etc. — 33  chapters  in  all. 

Price  of  the  book,  $1.20,  or,  with  the  Review  for 
one  year  for  only  $2.00. 

Let  me  ask  3'ou  to  consider,  in  all  seriousness,  if, 
as  a  bee-keeper,  you  can  spend  $2.00  more  profitably 
than  to  send  it  and  get  this  book  and  the  Review  for 
u)ic  year! 


Flir^to    Miccfr^Man 


124 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


And  quality  are  the  two  thing^s  that  sell  goods.  We  are  in  the 
heart  of  the  lumber  country  where  we  get  lumber  at  first 
hands  without  freight.  We  have  the  cheapest  known  power — 
water.  We  make  goods  that  are  the  equal  of  any  in  quality 
and  workmanship.  In  some  instances  they  are  superior.  For 
instance,  our  sections  are  made  from  tough  wood  that  will 
bend  without  breaking,  even  if  you  don't  wet  it.  How  many 
sections  did  you  break  in  putting  together  the  last  thousand  ? 
Think  of  it.  Send  for  our  catalog  and  get  prices  that  will 
surprise  and  please  you.  All  we  ask  is  to  get  a  trial  order, 
and  there  will  be  no  trouble  in  holding  your  custom. 

DOLL'S  BEE  SUPPLY  MFG.  CO., 
Power  BIdg.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


m 

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sag 

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sag 


THE    OLMSTEAD    HIVE 
AND  SYSTEM. 


If  every  r»  ader  of  the  Review  knew,  as  well  as 
I  know,  what  can  be  done  with  the  new  hive,  and 
what  a  pleasure  it  is  to  do  it,  I  believe  they  would 
not  allow  this  season  to  pass  without  at  least  giv- 
ing it  a  fair  trial.  Think  of  what  it  means  to  be 
able  to  examine  one  of  the  Central  combs  without 
disturbing  the  bees  to  any  extent.  It  is  usually  a 
tell  tale  of  all  the  conditionsin  thehive.  As  lotfer 
the  hive  it  has,  aside  fiom  the  valuable  features 
as  described  in  the  Review,  many  others  that  I 
believe  willbe  appreciated  bj'  all  who  have  to  mov'e 
bees.  It  has  a  plain  solid  bottom  with  a  blizzard 
pnwf  entrance  for  out-door  wintering:  The  cover 
is  of  the  telescopi  ■  style.  Over  the  sections,  or 
combs,  are  thee,  ^-inch  air  spaces,  two  ^s-inch 
boards,  and  a  sheet  of  galvanized  iron.  I  do  not 
NOW  use  the  VanDeusen  clasp,  yet  one  can  pre- 
pare it  for  moving,  with  an  upper  story,  if  desired, 
over  the  frames,  and  50  square  inches  of  screen  at 
the  bottom,  besides  a  J^-inch  crack  beeween  the 
super  and  the  hive,  in  one  minute,  without 
nails,  lath  or  hammer 

The  frames  are  Langstroth  size,  plain,  yet  at 
once  rigid  or  loose,  as  described. 

lam  offering  the  hive  complete,  as  describe! 
here  and  elsewhere  in  the  Review,  at  $2.00  each, 
during  April  and  May. 

C.  A.  OLMSTEAD, 

EAST  BLOOMFIELD,  N.  Y 


^UEpplK 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  you 
the  best  goods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
15  different  roads,  thereby  saving  you 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  j'ou  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  every  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTS  now. 
Write  today. 

KRETCHMER  MFG.,  CO. 
l-06-12t  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  Pinglish  or  German 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


125 


lEssftra  Fiimep  Clover  O^eeims 


9  

After  years  of  ihouglitfvil  and  careful  breeding,  seeking  more  especially  the  more  'perfect  de- 
velopiiient  "of  a  strain  of  CL,OVER  WOKKKKS,  lam  pleased  to  offer  a  Ihree-baudeti  strain  of 
bees  possessing  the  larest  (jiialilies  of  pertectioii. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  NUCLEI  :  Untested  queens,  50  cts.:  select  untested  queens,  75  els. 
tested  queens,  75  cts.:  st-lcct  tested,  Ji.oo;  best  breeding  queens,  J2  no,  two-frame  nuclei,  after  June 
ist,  $2.00.     If  queen  is  wanted,  add  price  of  queen  to  price  of  nucleus  4-o6-6t 


Aug.  Lotz  &  Son 

Make  a  specialty  of 
manufacturing'  sec- 
tions and  shipping 
cases.  Bee-keepers 
supplies  always  on 
hand.  Prompt  ship- 
ments. Send  for 
catalog   and    prices. 


Cadott, 


Wis. 


2-0  -6t 


SAGINAW 


Is  an  L'xci'Ik-nt  shipping  point  from  whicb 
to  send    out 


Bee-Keepers' 

Supplies 


No  I  Sections  $1.00  per   1,000,   and  other 
Supplies  in  proportion. 

Michigan 

BEE-KEEPERS 

Can   save   money   and  gel  their  supplies 
promptly  by  sending   their  orders  to 

Lengst  &  Koenig 

SAGINAW,  E.  S.,  MICH. 
127  So.  13th  St. 


Bees  for  Sale ! 


I  have  100  colonies  of  bees  that  have  wintered 
perfectly — bees,  combs,  hives  and  hiney,  dry  and 
clean,  and  colonies  popu  ous. 

By  1  he  editorials  in  the  Review,  you  will  see  that 
I  have  taken  400  colonies  of  bees  to  work  on  shares. 
They  will  be  moved  to  Northern  MichiKan  and 
managed  for  extracted  honey  bj' my  brother  and 
myself. 

To  move  400  colonies  of  bees  will  not  only  be  con- 
siderable work,  but  this  many  bees  will  be  quiie  a 
lot  of  bees  to  have  in  one  locality,  even  if  in  more 
than  one  apiar.^■,  and,  for  these  reasons,  I  shall, 
for  this  year,  at  least,  keep  my  own  bc-«  s  here  at 
hfime  instead  of  moving  them  up  north.  By  doing 
this.  I  will  have  bees  in  both  a  clover  and  a  rasp- 
berry region. 

To  move  the  bees,  build  a  honey  house,  buy  sup- 
plies, storage  for  the  honey,  etc,  will  cost  <iuite  a 
little,  and  I  wish  to  be  sure  and  have  plenty  of 
money  for  carrying  out  all  these  plans,  hence  I 
have  decided  to  sell  a  few  of  the  bees  here  at  tiome 
— perhaps  20  or  .5  colonies. 

The  bees  are  all  pure  Ital  ins;  most  of  the  col- 
onie.s  having  queens  of  the  Superior  Sock,  reared 
last  year  by  Mr.  Moor<.».  Not  a  queen  will  be  sent 
out  that  would  not  pass  as  a  breeding  queen — 
suc*i  as  dealers  sell  in  the  spring  for  from  S3.00  to 
SS.OO  each.  The  hives  are  .S-frame  Langstroth, 
new  last  season,  painted  with  two  good  coats  of 
white  paint.  The  combs  an^  all  built  fr.  m  full 
sheets  of  fnundation  and  wired  at  that  In  f  ct, 
the  stocks  are  strictlj-  first-class  in  every  respect 
— could  not  be  better — and  the  price  is  $6.00  per 
colony,  nor  more  and  no  less,  even  if  one  man 
should  take  the  whole  lot. 

I  am  ready  to  accept  and  book  orders  accom- 
panied by  the  ca  h,  and  when  I  have  received  or- 
ders for  25  colonies,  this  advertisement  will  be  dis- 
continued, and  no  more  orders  accep  ed.  The  bees 
will  be  shipped  by  express,  about  fruit-bloom- 
time,  and  safe  arrival  guaranteed  in  every  re- 
spect. 

If  you  wish  to  stock  your  apiary  with  a  strain  of 
be  s  that  has  no  superior,  here  is  a  chance  to  get 
a  tested  queen,  already  intrixiuced,  in  a  full  col- 
ony, whereby  she  can  be  shipped  without  injury, 
early  in  the  season,  all  at  moderate  price, 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Flint,  Mich 


American 


BEE 


Journal 

All  about    Bc-s. 

16-page   Weekly. 

Sample  Free.   $1 

ayear;  Snionths' 
Trial  Trip,  20c.  silver  or  stamps. 
Best  writers.  Oldest  bee-paner; 
illustrated.  Dept's  for  beginners 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 

GEORGE  W.YORK  &  CO. 
334  Dearborn  Street,  CHICAQO,  ILL. 


126 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


DON'T  TURN 

Another  page    until    j'ou    have    sent   a 
postal  for  our  little  booklet  on  Queens. 


ITALIAN  and 

CAUCASIAN 

the  gentlest  and  best. 

We  also  manufacture 
and  keep  for  sale  all 
kinds  of  stipplies  for  the 
apiary. 


The  Wood  Bee=Hive  &  Box  Co. 
Lansing,  Mich. 

Special  Sale  on 
HIVES  AND  SECTIONS 

Until  March  I5th.  Eight-frame,  Dove- 
tail Hives,  lYz  story,  $1.25;  10-frame, 
$1.40;  No.  1  bee-wav  sections,  $3.90; 
No.  2,  $3.40;  24  lb.  Shipping-Cases, 
13c;  Foundation,  Smokers,  etc.,  cheap. 
Michigan  Agent  for  Dittmer's  new 
process  foundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  24-page  catalogue,  free. 

W.  D.  SOPER, 

F.  R.    D.    3  JACKSON,  MICH. 


CARNIOLAN  QUEENS 

and 

CHAFF  HIVES. 

T  am  breeding  only  one  race  of  bees.  I  have 
tested  the  Carniolans  with  the  other  races  of  bees 
and  find  them  snperior  lo  alt  of  them,  in  some 
parti'  nlar.  They  have  all  the  good  qualities  oi 
others,  and  do  not  have  some  of  their  bad  traiis. 
They  are  mnch  easier  to  handle,  and,  if  ri,a;htly 
manage'  leiven  plenty  of  room)  they  will  not 
swarm  any  moie  than  other  races.  They  will 
c.ip  their  comb  much  nicer,  breed  earlier,  and, 
therefore,  store  more  hodey.  I  grade  out  all 
poor  queen  cells,  kill  =  11  small  or  imperfect 
queens  before  mating,  and  sell  only  the  choice  or 
select,  bred  from  the  best  honey  gatherers  and 
comb  builders.  I  am  as  careful  about  the  drones 
as  about  the  breeding  queens 

One   queen.  $ioo;  two,  $i7s;  six,   $4.50. 

I  also  have  a  few  new  chaff  hives  for  sale  very 
cheap.  Hives  or  queens  in  exchange  for  good, 
white,  comb  honey. 

4.o6^t  W.  W.  CRIM,  Pekin,  Ind. 


Three-and  Five-Banded  Italian   and 
Carniolan 

QUEEN© 

as  good  as  the  best  and  ready  to  ship 
now.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Un- 
tested, 50  cts. ;  tested,  75  cts, 

C.  B.  BANKSTON,   Milano,  Tex. 
300-tf 


HONEY  QUEENS 

LAWS'  ITAI^IAN  and  HOI.YI.AND  QUEENS. 
Plent.v  of  fine  queens  of  the  best  strains  on  eirth 
and  with  these  I  am  catering  to  a  satisfie.i  trade. 
.Are  you  in  it?     Or  are  you  interested 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 

Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  asconsisienl  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $800;  tested  $1.00;  i  er 
dozen,  $10.  Breeders,  the  ver\'  best  of  either 
race,  $3  00  each. 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beexille,   Tev. 

HUCLIEII   HUCILEIS 

They  Must  Go 

B-tween  April  15th  and  May  ist.  Either  two  or 
three-frame  with  Red  Clover  or  I,,eather  Colored 
Queens.     Write  for  p;ices  todaj-. 

Box  83  DENTON  &  RIBBLE. 

^06- It  Roxton,  Tex 


BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  manufacture  standard  dovetailed  bee-hives 
and  supplies,  cheaper  than  you  ever  bought 
before,  (^nr  Queens  and  Bees  stand  at  the  head 
in  quality.  Unlisted  75c,  each;  J4  25  for  6;  or 
$S.oo  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25  each;  ;fi2ooper 
dozen.  Select  tested,  |i  50.  Special  prices  to 
dealers  and  in  large  lots  on  application  Ditt- 
mer's foundation      Catalog  free. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beeville,  (Bee  Co.)  Texas. 


PAPER  CUTTER 


FOR   SALE. 


.\  man  living  near  here,  ami  having  a  small 
job  printing  office,  has  consolidated  his  office. 
With  mine,  and  is  putting  in  a  cylinder  press 
we  both  had  a  paper  cutter,  and,  as  we  have  no 
use  lor  both  of  them,  one  will  be  sold  at  a  sacri- 
fice. Mine  is  a  24-inch  cutter,  and  has  a  new 
knife  for  which  I  paid  |io.oo  last  spring,  yet 
$25.00  will  take  the  machine.  A  photograph  and 
description  of  the  machine  will  be  sent  on  ip- 
plication.  This  new  man  will  have  no  con  .lec- 
tion whatever  with  the  Review — simply  with  the 
job  work.  The  presswork  for  the  Review  will 
be  done  on  the  new  press. 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON    Flint,  Mich 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


127 


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'  >»>  •  ^.  •  ^- ■*»>  • '«^  •  ^ '^  •  ^  ^  ^ « 

THE 

BEST 

MADE 

DITTHER'S  FOUNDATION. 

Our  hobby  is  making'  a  spe- 
cialty of  working  wax  into 
comb  foundation. 

Our  large  ware-house  is  full 
of  all  kinds  of  bee-keepers' 
supplies. 

Write  for  our  price  list,  sam- 
ples and  early  order  discount. 
We  would  like  to  send  them 
to  j'ou  at  onr  expense. 

Jobbing — Wholesale —  Retail. 
Beeswax  always  wanted. 

GUS  DITTMEH, 

Augusta,  Wis. 


:^4^ 
11/ 
\l/ 
\l/ 

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\l/ 
\kf 
il/ 
\l/ 
\l/ 
\l/ 
\l/ 

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\l/ 
ikf 
V^/ 
vl/ 

Kit 

\lf 
\l/ 


Root's  Goods  2vt 
Root's  Prices 


POUDEPt'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

L,ar^e  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  tunes.     I,ow  freight  rates 

Prompt  Sers-ice.   Catalog  sent  free. 

Wzilt^r  S.  Pou<ier 

513-515  Mass.  Ave, 
INDIANAPOI^IS,     IND. 


\)/ 

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it) 

an 

ii/ 
\)/ 
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an 

it/ 

vt; 


^^•'^^^^'^^^^^^  W^^^^^^^^t^ST'.^^^ 


Send    for 

J  906 
Catalog. 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 
Send  for 

Booklet. 


BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Prices 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG     MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
l-oi-ft  147-149  Cedar  Lake  Road 


-If  you  Hre  tunn^  to- 


biJy  a  buzz -saw, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  Keview.  He  has  a 
new  Barnee  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  you  happy  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


Superior  Stock 

I  make  a  specialty  of  Long-Tongue 

Italian,   Carniolan,   and   Caucasian. 

Rearing  only  from  best  stock  obtain- 
able. My  Italian  queens  are  unexcell- 
ed;m3'  Carniolans  and  Caucasians  from 
best  imported  queens.  All  riices  bred 
in  separate  yards  to  insure  purity.  A 
postal  will  bring  my  price  list  for  1906. 

CHARLES    KOEPPEN 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


128 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I  manufacture  both  the  one  and  the  four-piece  sections, 
and  can  give  customers  their  choice  at  the  same  price.  The 
one-piece  is  made  of  nice,  white  basswood,  and  sand- 
papered on  both  sides.  The  four-piece  is  made  of  hard, 
white  poplar.  The  sections  are  4'4  x4'4  xl%,  134  or  7-to- 
the-foot,  and  4x5  plain. 

My  prices  are  as  follows:  1,000,  $3.00;  2,000  for  $5.75; 
5,000  for  $14.00;  10,000  for  $27.00.  A  special  price  will  be 
made  to  those  who  order  10,000  to  30,000  in  the  winter. 

I  also  furnish  BEE,  QUEENS,  and  BEE-KEKPERS' 
SUPPLIES.  Send  for  descriptive  circular,  and  sample  of 
section,  and  save  money. 

Reference,  Editor  Review. 


i-06-tf 


We  are  Headquarters  for 
\,./      ^  iiv     11        ©  ^  'Q 

J\=SW/P^   ,«  tj^g   \yf.gl  j,j  tjjg  world.     If  you  are  looking  for  the  bees  that  gather  the  most 

honey,  and  are    the   gentlest  of  all  bees  to   handle,  buy   the   Albino,     lean 

fet?t^l''f  ^f  furnish  the  Italian,  but  orders  stand  50  to  i  in  favor  of   the  Albino.     I  manu- 

jA\iy|/|l  4l  facture  and  furnish  sup])lies  generally. 

^'    !-,    \.      DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ALBINO  BEES» 

As  to  their  marking,  the  difference  between  them  and  the  pure  Italian  is 
very  striking.  About  the  eyes  they  approach  nearer  a  purple  than  that  of 
the  Italian  Beginning  at  the  waist,  they  first  have  three  distinct  yellow  bands,  then  three  distinct 
white — the  white  is  pnre.  not  muddy  and  dirty;  the  wings  are  finer  and  of  a  bright  silver  color. 
What  makes  them  so  be 'utiful  is,  that  the  colors  are  bright — the  white  is  white,  and  the  black  is 
black,  etc.     Their  shoulders  ami  the  under  part  are  thickly  coated  with  white  hair. 

The   queens  are  large  and  beautiful.     They   are  a  bright   yellow  and   generally  have   the    while 
hair,  as  described  in  the  workers.     As  to  their  breeding,  we  can  say  the  queens  are  very  prolific. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  BEES. 

Ai'KiL  M.AY  June  July  August 

Select  Tested  Albino  pueen   for  Hrei-dinR $  4  00  $  4  00  S  3  50  S  3  00  S  3  00 

Select  Tested  Albino  (jueen 3  00  3  tX)  2  50  2  50  2  00 

Tested  Albino  Queens  as  they  run 2  25  2/5  2  00  1  "5  1  50 

Untested  Albino  Queens 100  100  75  75  75 

Tested  Italian  Queens 1  75  1  50  1  25  1  25  1  25 

Untested  Italian  Queens 1  00  80  75  75  75 

S.  VALENTINE,  Rocky  Ridge,  Md. 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  inj'our 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED 
HIVES  made  by  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping-  on  hand. 


Marshfield  ]VIfg.   Co. 

IVIaFshfielcl,  Wis. 


]^o  pish^Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  Vjuilt 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the  Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.   Vflfl   DEUSEN, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


MODEIi    IHCUBRTOI^S 

Lowest  Prices. 

flflD  BROODERS. 

BIG  DISCOUNT  FOR  EARL,Y 
ORDERS. 

Made  by  Chas.  A.  Cy- 
phers, are  the  only   reli- 
able  hatchers.      We   sell 
them     at    Mr.    Cyphers' 

On  cash  orders 
Before  November  i  9  per  cent. 
„        December  i  S    ,.        ,, 
,,        January       17,,        ,, 
,,        February    16,,        ,, 
March          14,,        „ 
„        April            I  2     V        ,, 

factory    prices,   and   save 
you  freight. 

Bee  Sttpplies  of  all  Kinds. 

Poultry  and  Bee  Supplies 
of  all  kinds. 

Our  75-page  illus  rated  cata- 
logue sent  free  to  any  address. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

Established  nearly  25  yearSt 

We    have    published    the    American 
Bee  Keeper   for    15   years,    (monthly 
50c  a  year).     The  largest    and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price   published.     Ec'ited   b3'   two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.      Sample    copy   free.      Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

521  Griggs  Block 

TOLEDO,         -         -        OHIO. 

2-00-1 t 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 

Company, 

Jamf.stown,  N.  Y. 

130 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


FDake  Youp  0^vn  Hives. 


3ee  -^  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making- 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on    trial. 
Send  for  Catalog-ue. 

W.F.aJNO.BARNESCO., 

384  Eaby  St., 

Rockford,     Ills. 


I  -06-12 


?i^ 


PATEINT,     BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.        24 

VEARS  the:   beist.    catalog  freie:.  j 

BINGHAM,       FARWEILL,      MICH.   \ 


BEE     SUPPLIES. 

We  handle  the  finest  bee  supplies,  made  by  the  W.  T., FALCONER  MFG. 
CO.,    Jamestown,    N.   Y.      Big    Discounts    on'  early  orders,    let   us   figure 
'with  you  on  your  wants. 

MUTH     SPECIAL     DOVE    TAIL    HIVES,    have  a    honoy    board,  warp, 
proof  cover,   and    bottom   board,    think  of    it,    asme.prlco    a*    the. rejiular 
tyles.    Send  for  Catalog.     V-V^-  ^.  :.■';.:  ^i ^ 

THE  FRED.  W.  MUTH  CO., 


51    WALNUT   ST., 


CINCINNATI,    OHIO. 


There  is  one  chapter  in  Advanced  Bee  Cul- 
ture entitled  "The  Production  of  Comb  Honey." 
It  comes  in  after  consideration  has  been  given  to 
some  most  important  points,  such  as  locality,  hives, 
supers,  sections,  increase,  feeding,  varieties  of  bees, 
use  of  comb  foundation,  etc.  It  begins  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  season  and  goes  briefly  over  the  ground 
(and  here  is  the  ioiportant  point)  showing  the  re- 
lation of  these  different  features  to  one  another,  as 
they  are  employed  in  the  production  of  comb  honey. 

Reader  if  you  are  interested  in  the  production 
of  comb  honey,  you  ought  to  read  this  chapter  now, 
at  the  opening  of  the  season,  so  that  you  see  the 
relationship  of  these  various  features,  and  plan  and 
work  accordingly,  as  the  season  advances. 

Remember,  too,  that  this  is  only  one  chapter 
of  33  which  the  book  contains. 

Price  of  the  book  $1.20;  or,  with  the  Review 
one  year,  for  only  $2.00. 


Flinto    MicHm^an 


132 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION"  | 

IT  EXCELS.  I 

EVERY  INCH  equal  to  samples.  | 

Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sag-g-ing-,    no    Loss.     Twenty-seven  ' 

years  of  Experience.     We  guarantee  satisfaction.     Wax  ^ 

worked  into  Foundation.  | 

BEE  SUPPLIES  I 

of  all  kinds  \ 

BEESWAX  AY  ANTED  | 

at  all  times.  | 

Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODMAN,  Grand  Rapids.  \ 

DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  111.  | 

Send  for  Catalog.  | 

\ 


Michigan  Distributors 

FOR 

G.    B.    Lewis    Co^s   BEEWARE 
Dadant^s    Foundation 


WITH  an  enormous  stock,  and  the  best  shipping  point 
in  Michigan,  we  are  in  a  position  to  give  you  the 
very  best  service. 

ADVANCED  BEE-VEIL.  Cord  arrangement.  al)solutely 
bee-proof,  best  on  earth.  Made  of  imported  French 
tulle  veiling.     Cotton,  with  silk  face,  SOc  postpaid. 

Plattevii-I-k,  Wis.,  April  14,  l^Ob. 
A.  (1.  Woodman. 

(irand  Rapids.  Mich. 
Dear  Sir:  — 

Your  Advanced  Bee- Veil  just  arrived,  and  is  asad- 
vertised.  the  best  on  the  market.  Find  enclosure  for  ten 
more  veils.  Yours  truly, 

N.  E,  France 


BEESWAX  WANTED 
A.  Q.  WOODMAN  CO.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Coverdale  Five-Cent  Feeder. 


A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$L00  A  YEAR. 
w.  z.  RDTCHfflSON.  Editor  and  Proprietor.  , 


VOL.  XIX.       FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  MAY  15,  1906.       NO.  5 


mis 


>^p©r  into   a  t"  eedeff' 


ive 


FRANK  GOVERDALE. 


^HE  past  season  was  the  poorest  for 
^  honey  of  any  in  the  past  30  years; 
hundreds  of  colonies  had  to  be  fed  or 
die;  in  fact,  three-fourths  of  all  the  bees 
in  the  locality  would  have  perished 
without  feeding'. 

The  common  inquiry'  among  bee  men 
was  "how  shall  I  feed  ?"  Some  fed 
throug^h  feeders  bought  on  the  market; 
and,  to  get  those  that  would  hold 
enough  was  expensive.  Then,  the 
weather  was  often  rather  cool,  and  the 
bees  a  little  slow  in  going  up  to  get  the 
feed.  As  I  was  more  interested  than 
any  one  else  in  this  part  of  the  country, 
it  stood  me  in  hand  to  do  some  think- 
ing; and  the  result  was  certalnlj'  very 
pleasing  to  both  mj'self  and  manj' 
others. 

Oil  clotJ;  was  bought  until  enough 
feeders  were  made  to  satisfy  the  wants 


of  all;  and  all  feeding  was  done  in  a 
hurry,  and  in  apple  pie  order.  This 
feeder  is,  I  think,  the  best  thing  I  ever 
thought  of  along  this  line.  It  is  ex- 
tremely simple;  a  Dovetailed  comb- 
honey  super  is  lined  with  oil  cloth 
which  costs,  here,  12^  cents  a  yard; 
and  it  makes  a  feeder  that  will  hold 
about  three  gallons,  and  costs  only 
four  cents  each,  or  25  feeders  for  onl}' 
one  dollar  I  believe  the  cloths  will 
last  for  years.  I  have  fed  three  times 
with  some  of  mine,  and  can  see  no  sign 
of  injury.  I  have  left  the  cloths  in  the 
supers  until  spring,  and,  if  needed, 
will  just  set  them  on  and  feed  the  re- 
nuired  amount  all  at  once;  then  the 
cloths  may  be  taken  out  and  straight- 
ened out,  laid  awa}'  until  farther  use  is 
found. 


136 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


FEEDER    MAY  BE    USED   EITHER    ON  TOP 
THE   HIVE    OR   UNDERNEATH. 

These  feeders  set  on  top  the  hive,  or 
the  hive  maj'  be  raised  from  the  bot- 
tom board,  and  the  feeder  set  under- 
neath, after  the  required  amount  of 
syrup  has  been  put  into  it.  Long 
grass  or  hay  must  be  thrown  in;  this 
is  to  prevent  the  bees  from  getting 
drowned. 

These  feeders  were  used  successfully 
after  it  began  to  freeze,  b^'  setting  them 
underneath  the  hives.  In  two  days  25 
pounds  of  feed  were  all  stored  away. 
When  the  weather  is  warm  thej'  work 
well  on  top.  If  the  bees  won't  go  up, 
just  put  the  feeders  underneath,  and 
the  bees,.will  soon  be  on  the  buzz  ripen- 
ing the  feed. 

This  feeder  is  adapted  to  any  amount 
one  wishes  to  feed  at  once,  or  a  little 
each  day,  and  will  answer  the  purpose 
even  for  stimulating  piirposes,  as  bees 
should  not,  as  a  rule,  be  fed  for  this 
purpose  until  after  fruit  bloom. 

The  oil  cloth  is  air-tight,  so  there  is 
no  ventilation  going   through  the  cloth. 

Then,  again,  it  can  just  as  well  be 
put  on  the  bottom  board,  and  the  feed 
poured  down  between  the  frames  at 
one  side  of  the  cluster,  into  the  feeder 
below.  In  this  case  no  heat  would  be 
lost. 

Then,  again,  the  oil  cloth  need  not 
cover  the  whole  bottom  of  the  super,  as 
the  follower  board  can  be  set  in  be- 
tween any  where  you  wish;  thus  you 
can  have  a  feeder  at  one  side,  and  to 
cover  only  one  or  two  section  holders. 
This  would  cost  only  one  cent  apiece. 
Or,  if  one  wishes,  the  feeders  can  be 
set  outside,  filled  with  syrup,  and  a 
liberal  amount  of  old,  dr3^  grass,  hay 
or  even  green  weeds,  thrown  in  to  keep 
the  bees  from  drowning 

Every  comb  hone}'  producer  will 
usually  have  plenty  of  empty  supers, 
and  it  is  handy  to  fix  them  for  this 
business.     These    cloths   may  be    used 


in  any  super  that  will  support  them; 
even  the  different  apartments  of  the 
T  supers  may  be  fitted  to  take  them. 
A  shingle  may  be  let  down  to  the  tins 
in  one,  or  all,  of  the  apartments,  care 
being  taken  to  see  that  the  bees  always 
have  access  to  the  feed;  or  if  placed 
underneath,  be  sure  there  is  an  open- 
ing in  front  to  allow  bees  to  fly  out  at 
all  times. 

Those  who  use  Dovetailed  supers  or 
section  holders  can  key  up  the  supers. 
When  putting  in  the  oil  cloth  fold  the 
corners  so  as  not  to  allow  any  chance 
for  leakage.  Push  in  a  little  sharp 
tack  at  each  corner,  close  to  the  top 
edge  of  the  cloth.  Do  this  to  keep  the 
cloth  sound  from  holes.  Use  just 
enough  of  these  brads  to  hold  it  in 
place. 

When  using  these  feeders  don't  go 
slopping  the  syrup  all  over  the  bee 
yard,  but  be  very  careful  and  neat,  as 
the  bees  become  greatly  excited  and 
they  should  not  be  able  to  find  a.iiy 
scatterings. 

The  entrance  is  always  arranged  be- 
hind the  follower  board,  either  for  bees 
to  fly  out  when  beneath,  or  for  bees  to 
enter  when  it  is  set  over  head.  See 
that  all  covers  are  set  on  tight  when  on 
top,  leaving  no  chance  for  robbers. 
When  set  underneath,  two  days  are  re- 
quired to  feed  three  gallons  of  syrup, 
or  sufficient  for  winter. 

There  is  no  unnecessary  amount  of 
untimely  brood  started  with  this  feeder. 
It  is  simple,  double-quick,  and  the 
syrup  may  be  made  thick  or  thin.  We 
have  been  experimenting  both  waj's, 
and  will  note  the  difference,  if  any. 

We  use  the  cheap  grade  of  oil  cloth, 
and,  so  far,  have  met  no  obstacle.  See 
that  you  get  sound  cloth.  Hold  it  up  to 
the  light,  and  if  there  are  any  defects 
the}'  will  show.  As  I  have  said  before, 
this  simple  feeder  has  made  us  all 
happ}',  even  though  so  much  feeding 
had  to  be  done  this  fall;  really,  we 
liked  to  forget  our  verj'  poor  season. 
Maquoketa,  Iowa,  Dec.  28,  1905. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


137 


TIhe  First  Trfp  to  Noirtlhierii 
Mlclhiitfaiiio 


W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON. 


©N  the  second  day  of  April,  my 
brother  Ehner  and  myself  met  in 
Sag^inaw,  and  turned  our  faces  north- 
ward on  a  prospecting  tour  of  inspec- 
tion and  selection  in  the  raspberry 
region  of  Northern  Michigan. 

A  DAMP  CLAY  CELLAR  HARD  ON  THE 
BEES. 

Our  first  stop  was  at  McBain,  in 
Missaukee  county,  where  Mr.  Cava- 
nagh,  whose  bees  we  are  to  manage, 
lias  three  apiaries.  We  first  visited 
the  home-apiary,  where  75  colonies 
were  in  an  out-door  cellar,  partly 
under  ground,  dug  in  clajs  covered 
with  earth,  and  no  roof  over  it.  The 
temperature  was  43,  but  there  was  a 
dampness,  a  chilliness,  a  sickening 
mould}'  kind  of  an  odor,  that  struck  me 
as  a  foreboding  of  disaster.  However, 
most  of  the  colonies  were  alive,  only 
eight  being  dead,  but  many  were  quite 
weak,  while  some  of  them  were  in  very 
fair  condition.  We  carried  them  out, 
scattering  them  about  the  yard,  and 
there  was  very  little  mixing  up. 

A   DRY     CELLAR     IN     SAND    BRINGS     THE 

BEES   THROUGH   IN    FINE 

CONDITION. 

In  the  afternoon  we  drove  some  five 
or  six  miles  to  the  south  yard,  where 
60  colonies  in  chaff  hives  had  wintered 
well,  but  nearly  consumed  their  stores. 
We  carried  35  colonies  out  of  a  cellar 
at  this  yard,  and  I  never  saw  greater 
contrast  between  the  wintering  of  two 
lots  of  bees,  in  cellars,  than  there  was 
between  this  lot  and  those  at  the  home- 
apiary.  The  cellar  at  the  south  yard 
was  dug  in  a  knoll  of  light  sand,  iind 
covered  with  a  roof,  eind  was  so  dry 
that   the    bottom    was   really     dusty. 


Every  colony  was  just  booming— not  a 
dead  colony,  and  very  few  dead  bees. 
It  was  a  warm  afternoon,  and  when 
carried  out,  I  tell  you  the  bees  did 
make  the  welkin  ring. 

PILE   THE    HIVES     IN    SINGLE     PILES   IN 
THE    CELLAR. 

Right  here  let  me  protest  against  the 
plan  of  putting  bees  in  a  cellar,  and 
stacking  up  the  hives  a  la  Boardman; 
that  is,  setting  them  six  or  eight  inches 
apart  in  the  first  row,  then  piling  the 
next  row  on  top  so  as  to  bring  the  bot- 
tom of  each  hive  over  the  opening  left 
between  two  hives  of  the  lower  row. 
It  is  all  right  so  far  as  the  wintering 
of  the  bees  is  concerned,  but  the  trouble 
comes  in  when  carrying  them  out. 
Each  hive  taken  out  jars  the  whole 
pile,  and  by  the  time  a  dozen  hives  are 
carried  out,  the  bees  in  every  hive  are 
aroused  and  read}'  for  business.  Put 
an  empty  hive  on  the  cellar  bottom; 
lay  across  it  two  pieces  of  wood  2x2 
inches  square;  set  the  first  hive  of  bees 
on  this,  leaving  oiT  the  bottom  board. 
Put  two  sticks  of  wood  across  the  top 
of  this  hive,  and  set  on  another.  Pro- 
ceed in  this  manner  until  the  pile 
reaches  the  top  of  the  cellar.  When 
carrying  out  the  bees,  only  the  bees  in 
one  pile,  perhaps  four  or  five  hives,  are 
disturbed  at  one  time. 

HOW     MICE     CLOSED     THE     ENTRANCES. 

The  hives  in  the  other  apiary  at 
INIcBain  were  packed  in  straw,  four 
hives  in  a  box,  and  had  wintered  fairly 
well,  but  it  was  fortunate  that  we 
appeared  on  the  scene  when  we  did,  as 
the  covers  had  been  left  otT  many  of 
the  hives,  the  frames  simply  being 
covered  with  burlap,  and  the  mice  had 


138 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


gnawed  through  the  covering,  and  let 
the  chaff  tumble  down  through  the 
combs,  completely  blocking  the  en- 
trance. 

BEES  WINTERED  SUCCESSFULLY  BURIED 
IN  CLAMPS. 

The   next  day    we  went    on  to    Kal- 
kaska, where    we  spent   two  days    at- 


HOW  TO  TAKE  BEES  FROM  A 
CLAMP. 

By  the  way,  we  learned  of  Mr.  E.  D. 
Townsend  how  best  to  remove  bees 
from  a  clamp  or  pit.  The  difficulty  is, 
if  the  weather  is  warm,  tliat  as  soon 
as  the  pit  is  opened,  the  bees  will  be- 
gin   to  fly  -from    all  of   the  hives,  thus 


Fifty  Colonies  Moved  Nortli  Last  Fall. 

They  were  placed  in  this  location  temporarily,   and  wintered  in  clamps— will  be  moved  three  miles 

to  permanent  location. 


tending  the  convention  of  the  Northern 
Michigan  Bee-Keepers'  Association. 
We  then  came  back  to  South  Board- 
man,  where  Mr.  Cavanagh  had  55  col- 
onies that  he  moved  up  there  last  Aug- 
ust, and,  later,  buried  them  in  two  pits, 
or  clamps.  One  of  these  pits  was  ven- 
tilated and  one  was  not,  and  there  was 
no  great  difference  in  the  way  that  the 
bees  had  wintered--  if  anything  those 
in  the  unventilated  clamp  wintered  the 
b'.st. 


causing  a  mix  up  before  they  can  be 
placed  upon  their  respective  stands. 
The  Townsend  plan  is  to  remove  nearly 
all  of  the  earth,  then  wait  until  dusk, 
when  it  is  too  dark  for  the  bees  to  fly, 
and  remove  the  thin  coating  that  re- 
mains, together  with  the  straw.  B3^ 
morning  the  bees  will  all  have  cooled 
down,  and,  before  it  is  warm  enough 
for  them  to  fly,  the}'  can  be  carried  to 
their  stands  without  a  bee  leaving  the 
hives. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


139 


OILED  PAPER  VERSUS  TARRED  FELT  FOR 
SPRING  PROTECTION. 

These  bees  were  dug-  out,  and  most 
of  the  hives  covered  with  oiled  paper. 
Wiiether  this  will  prove  the  equal  of 
tarred  felt  remains  to  be  seen.  The 
oiled  paper  is  cheaper,  and  stronger, 
and  more  easily  put  on.  Most  of  the 
hives  at  the  home-yard  and  the  south 
yard  were  papered,  or  protected,  with 
the  tarred  felt,  and  we  will  have  an  op- 
portunity to  comviare  the  merits  of  the 
two  kinds  of  paper. 

THERE  MUST    BE  NO    FUSSINESS  IN 
OUT-YARDS. 

Even  with  this  initial  trip  at  out- 
apiaries,  I  can  see  very  clearly  that 
there  must  be  short-puts,  quick  work, 
and,  especially,  system.  Methods  that 
might  beendured  in  ajiome-yard  could 
not  be  tolerated  in  ai   ^ut-apiary. 

After  papering  all  ^  these  hives,  and 
feeding  the  bees  in  c  .e  chaff  hives  that 
were  short  of  store  ,  we  were  ready  for 
the  most  importaj.<^  part  of  our  mission, 
that  of  finding-  raspberry  districts  for 
the  location  of  the  apiaries. 

SOME    VITAL     POINTS     IN    SELECTING    A 

LOCATION   IN    NORTHERN 

MICHIGAN. 

Let  no  one  imagine  that  all  of  north- 
ern Michigan  is  covered  with  raspber- 
ries, the  san.e  as  some  other  portions  of 
the  countr'-  ;'-e  covered  with  clover. 
This    n-  .    Michigan  is    laid  out    in 

o,.icaiis,"  so  far  as  soil  and  timber 
are  concerned.  Pine  barrens  form  a 
large  share  of  this  northern  country, 
and  more  desolate,  dreary,  God-for- 
saken spots  it  has  never  been  my  lot  to 
behold — nothing  left  except  pine  stumps 
and  logs  blackened  by  fire.  Occasion- 
ally there  is  an  old  pinery  upon  which 
raspberries  grow,  but  they  are  short, 
stunted,  and  scattering,  and  of  little 
value  as  honey  producers.  After  driv- 
ing for  miles  through  a  dreary  waste 
of  sand,  pine  stumps  and  logs,  there 
will  be   a  change,  sometimes    within  a 


few  rods,  to  the  most  magnificent  for- 
ests of  maple,  beech,  elm,  etc.,  and  it 
is  in  these  hard-timbered  belts  that  we 
must  look  for  the  honey-yielding 
berries. 

When  these  tracts  of  hard  timber 
have  been  lumbered  off  there  springs 
up  a  growth  of  the  wild  red  raspberry 
that  is  simply  incomparable  as  a  honey 
producer.  It  comes  into  bloom  early  in 
June,  is  a  profuse  yielder  of  a  delicious 
white  honey,  and  continues  to  bloom 
about  six  weeks.  It  is  not  greatly 
affected  by  the  weather.  The  blos- 
soms are  inverted;  that  is,  hang  .down 
like  so  many  umbrellas;  and  the  rain 
does  not  wash  away  the  nectar  as  it 
does  in  clover.  Bees  will  keep  right 
on  working  in  wet  weather,  unless  it 
rains  too  hard.  We  saw  a  few  bass- 
woods,  and  occasionally  a  trace  of 
clover,  but  berries  are  the  "whole 
thing"  here. 

Having  found  such  a  hard  timbered 
tract,  there  are  still  several  points  to 
be  considered  in  the  selection  of  a  site 
for  an  apiary.  First,  an  old,  settled, 
farming  country  is  of  no  value;  unless 
lumbering  is  going  on  ir  that  neigh- 
borhood, because  the  farm^/s  cut  the 
timber  slick  and  clean  and  plow  up 
the  ground.  Of  course,  there  will  be  a 
fringe  of  berries  around  the  edges  of 
clearing's,  along  fences,  etc.,  and  a  few 
colonies  would  probably  find  plenty  of 
honejs  but  the  man  who  is  g^oing  to 
bring  in  several  hundreds  of  colonies 
must  find  some  place  back  away  from 
the  cleared  land,  or,  at  least,  where 
the  hard  timber  has  been  lumbered  off, 
and  has  not  yet  been  sold  for  farms. 

Still  another  point;  it  is  not  until 
land  has  been  lumbered  some  two  or 
three  years  that  the  berries  are  suffi- 
cient in  number  and  growth  to  be  valu- 
able as  honey  producers. 

BURNED  OVER   TRACTS  NOT  SO 
DESIRABLE. 

If  the  fire  runs  through  and  burns 
them   up,  they    seldom  come   in    again 


140 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


and  grow  so  rank  as  when  the  brush, 
tree  tops,  log's,  etc.,  acted  as  a  sort  of 
mulch.  After  the  saw  logs  have  been 
cut  on  a  tract,  there  is  more  or  less  of 
small  timber  left,  and  this  shades  the 
ground  to  a  great  extent,  and  greatly 
improves  the  raspberry  pasturage — 
promotes  a  more  rank  growth,  and 
prolongs  the  time  of  bloom.  In  some 
sections    the  small    and   crooked    trees 


the  undergrowth  will  come  up  and  run 
out  the  berries. 

RASPBERRIES    NOT  A   PERMANENT 
PASTURE. 

It  will  be  seen  that  raspberries  are 
not  a  permanent  source  of  supply,  like 
white  clover.  A  large  share  of  this 
part  of  the  State  is  still  covered  with 
hard  timber,  but   it  is  being    lumbered 


Poor  Raspberry  Pasturage. 

Been  burned  over,  and  no  shade. 


are  cut  off  for  wood  to  use  in  making 
wood  alcohol  and  charcoal,  and  the 
berry  bushes  here  are  of  less  vigorous 
growth,  but  they  bloom  earlier.  In 
such  localities,  the  June  grass  is  more 
likely  to  come  in  and  choke  out  the 
berries.  Let  the  location  be  what  it 
may,  it  is  only  a  question  of  time  when 


off  at  a  great  rate,  and  a  man  located 
here  would  be  able,  by  shifting  about, 
to  have  apiaries  in  just  the  right  kind 
of  locations.  We  saw  locations  that 
had  passed  their  prime,  others  that 
were  right  in  their  "glory,"  so  to 
speak,  and  still  others  were  lumbered 
off  only  last  winter. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


141 


In  the  part  of  the  State  that  we 
visited  there  are  two  systems  of  nar- 
row ffauffe  railroads,  with  numerous 
branches,  in  the  hard  timbered  dis- 
tricts, and  all  along-  the  roads  are 
chopping-s  of  different  degrees  of 
"ripeness." 

BEST     LOCATIONS     ARE     "BACK    IN     THE 
WOODS.  ' ' 

But  these  choppings  are  back  away 
from  civilization,  and  the  only  build- 
ings that  are  available  are  log  shan- 
ties at  deserted  lumber  camps,  most  of 
which  have  been  robbed  of  their  roofs 
for  the  sake  of  the  lumber.  The  man 
who  g-oes  into  northern  Michigan  to 
produce  raspberry  honey,  must  expect 
to  "rough  it,"  and  live  in  a  shanty, 
unless  he  buys  or  builds  a  good  house, 
and  this  is  something  he  ought  not  to 
do  until  he  has  been  here  a  3'ear  or 
two  and  become  familiar  with  the 
country,  so  as  to  choose  wisely  in 
reference  to  future  pasturage. 

Mr.  E.  D  Townsend  was  fortunate 
enough  to  find  a  location  where  he 
could  set  his  bees  down  within  a  few 
rods  of  a  railroad,  at  a  point  where 
the  cars  will  stop  on  signal,  but  the 
man  who  hopes  to  find  another  such  a 
spot  will  probably  be  disappointed. 

LARGE  TRACTS  OF  RASPBERRIES  HARD 
TO  FIND. 

Again  it  is  not  so  easy  to  find  a  large 
tract  of  raspberries  in  one  spot;  that  is, 
a  tract  large  enough  to  allow  the 
establishing  of  a  series  of  yards  with- 
in three  miles  of  one  another.  It  is  not 
a  difficult  matter  to  find  a  locality  suit- 
able for  one  apiar\'  of  say  100  colonies, 
but  to  find  a  large  tract  of  berries  is 
quite  difficult.  We  spent  several  daj's 
driving  about  without  finding  any 
such;  and  the  locations  that  we  have 
selected  are  several  miles  apart — one 
ten  miles  from  \yhat  will  probably  be 
the  home-yard,  and  the  other  about 
s;ven  miles  away — but  each  of  the 
locations  is  excellent  for  the  number  of 
bees    we    expect    to    place    there.     Of 


course,  we  may  make  changes  later, 
after  we  have  had  a  3'ear's  experience 
and  observation  in  this  part  of  the 
country,  but  we  can't  take  any  chances 
of  overstocking,  even  if  there  will  be 
some  time  spent  in  driving  to  the  out- 
yards. 

LOCATION  IS  ALL-IMPORTANT. 

The  foundation  of  all  is  the  location, 
one  with  an  abundance  of  berries,  and 
around  this  must  cluster  all  of  the 
other  conditions.  The  most  desirable 
pasture  va^y  not  be  in  the  most  desir- 
able place  to  live;  but  I  doubt  if  there 
will  be  any  locations  so  inaccessible 
that  the  bee-keeper  won't  be  able  to 
get  his  honey  out  if  he  secures  a  crop. 
We  were  fortunate  enough  to  find  loca- 
tions near  good,  well-travelled  roads, 
and,  at  two  of  them,  we  secured  old 
lumber  shanties  that  can  be  repaired 
and  made  to  answer  as  honey  houses, 
possiblj'  one  of  them  will  be  used  to 
live  in.  At  the  other  location  is  a  set 
of  old  shanties,  but  at  this  writing  the 
owner  is  in  California,  and  we  must 
await  his  return  before  we  can  tell 
positively  if  we  can  have  the  use  of  the 
shanties. 

THE  ONLY  WAY  TO    FIND  A  LOCATION  iS 

TO  "hunt  for  it." 
There  is  only  one  way  in  which 
a  location  can  be  found,  and  that 
is  to  go  into  this  region  and  hunt  for  it. 
Very  little  can  be  depended  upon  what 
the  settlers  say,  unless  they  are  bee- 
keepers, as  they  seem  to  have  no  con- 
ception of  what  is  needed.  To  illus- 
trate :  One  man  who  had  lived  in  this 
country  several  years,  told  us,  with 
great  enthusiasm,  of  a  tract,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Manistee,  where  for  miles 
and  miles,  there  was  a  perfect  sea  of 
raspberries.  As  it  happened,  we  had 
that  day  driven  through  that  very  spot. 
The  ground  had  been  burned  over, 
and  while  there  was  quite  a  dense 
growth,  it  was  mostly  black  berries, 
with  occasionalljs  a  little  patch  of 
short,  scattering  raspberries.    We  were 


142 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Excellent  Raspberry  Pasturage. 

Not  been  burned  over,  scattering  trees  furnish  shade,  and  logs  and  brush  act  as  a  mulch. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


143 


disappointed  so  man}'  times,  after 
driviiif^  miles  to  see  some  promised 
land,  tliiit  we  ceased  to  put  any  de- 
pendence whatever  upon  what  some- 
body told  us.  As  I  have  said,  those 
men  who  are  not  bee-keepers  don't 
understand  all  the  points  as  I  have 
given  them  in  these  pag"es,  and  are 
almost  certain  to  be  misled.  A  resi- 
dent bee-keeper,  thoroughly  acquainted 
all  over  a  county,  would  be  a  God- 
send to  a  prospective  bee-keeper;  but, 
as  a  rule,  men  are  not  acquainted,  ex- 
cept in  a  general  waj',  outside  of  their 
own  immediate  neighborhood;  hence, 
as  I  have  said,  the  only  way  to  find  a 
location  is  to  hunt  for  it;  and  this  to  a 
certain  extent,  is  largely  luck  and 
chance.  A  man  might  blunder  upon  a 
good  location  the  first  day  out,  and  he 
might  drive  a  week  before  he  found 
one. 

LOOK  BEFORE  YOU  LEAP. 

I  would  LOt  advise  anyone  to  pull  up 
stakes,  and  leave  his  present  location, 
and  move  here,  withoiit  first  coming  in 
person  and   investigating. 

To  come  here  and  establish  a  home 
and  an  apiarj',  or  apiaries,  will  re- 
quire  a    lot    of   enthusiasm    atKl   grit, 


patience  and  perseverance,  and  time 
and  money.  If  I  had  not  had  a  pretty 
fair  stock  of  the  first  two,  I  should 
never  have  attempted  it. 

BUSY   TIMES    AHEAD. 

We  have  now  taken  the  first  and  most 
important  step — we  have  selected  the 
locations.  Next,  Elmer  will  move  up 
there.  Then  the  bees  must  be  moved. 
Elmer  will  bring  50  colonies  with  him. 
I  will  bring  100  colonies,  by  rail,  from 
near  Kalamazoo.  There  are  SO  colo- 
nies now  within  three  miles  of  one  of  the 
locations.  Then  there  are  about  200 
colonies  to  move  about  25  miles  on 
wagons.  By  the  time  we  get  them  all 
moved  and  settled,  it  will  probably  be 
near  the  beginning  of  the  harvest;  then 
I  will  have  nearly  100  colonies  of  my 
own  at  Flint  to  look  after,  so  you 
can  see  that  Elmer  and  I  will  have  a 
busy  summer  of  it,  but,  as  I  have  said, 
we  have  lots  of  enthusiasm,  and  there 
is  really  a  charm  and  a  novelty  about 
it  that  is  very  enjoyable,  and  I  shall 
do  my  best,  with  pen  and  camera,  to 
allow  my  readers  to  look  over  my 
shoulders  from  start  to  finish. 

Flint,  Mich,  April  21,  1906. 


%-^4^k:f<^ 


)lllp. 


Tlnlmi^s  that  Fay 


Ee^ 


E.    D.    TOWNSEND. 


URIEND  HUTCHINSON:— I  have 
^  been  reading  Advanced  Bee  Cul- 
ture; and,  if  you  will  furnish  the 
space  in  the  Review,  I  will  mention 
some  of  the  thoughts  that  presented 
themselves  while  reading  this  valuable 
work.  When  I  say  valuable.  I  mean 
from  a  dollar  and  cent  standpoint. 
The  writing  has  that  "oily,  well- 
ripened,    extracted-honey-flavor, '■  that 


is  seldom  equaled.  The  binding,  and 
general  make-up  of  the  book  is  fine; 
but  its  chief  value  lies  in  the  fact  that 
it  brings  out  the  dollar  and  cent  or 
bread  and  butter  idea  of  bee-keeping 
as  it  has  never  been  brought  out 
before. 

Then,  too,  one  admires  that  anti- 
propolis,  loose-hanging-frame,  inde- 
pendent,    out-spoken,    know-one's-own 


144 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


mind  way  of  writing-,  so  characteristic 
of  the  writer. 

SPECIALISM. 

Specialism,  specialism,  is  the  key 
note  from  cover  to  cover.  Our  piano 
tuner  learned  his  business  in  Boston, 
30  years  ag^o.  We  would  not  dare  trust 
the  training-  of  our  children's  musical 
ear  to  a  tuner  who  tunes  pianos  this 
year,  runs  a  merchantile  busi- 
ness next  year,  and  perhaps  a  stock 
ranch  the  next.  Specialism  is  the  magic 
word;  and  bee-keeping-  is  no  excep- 
tion. 

CUT  OUT  UNPROFITABLE  MAIPULATION. 

The  man  who  will  learn  his  business 
thoroughly,  in  every  detail,  and  then 
practice  good  business  principles,  will 
soon  learn  to  distinguish  between  those 
manipulations  that/xy,  and  those  that 
do  not  pay.  I  think  we  will  have  to 
go  even  a  little  farther  than  that,  by 
cutting-  out  some  manipulations  that 
pay,  for  some  that  pay  a  good  deal 
better.  To  illustrate:  For  many  years 
I  had  only  one  bee-yard,  and  that  at 
home,  and  it  was  worked  for  extracted 
honey,  the  same  as  now,  and  I  used  to 
put  a  good  deal  of  work  upon  it; 
thought  I  had  to  be  chere  most  of  the 
time,  during  swarming  season,  to  hive 
the  ten  or  a  dozen  swarms  that  would 
issue  during  the  season.  Then  the  bee 
journals  told  us  we  ought  to  feed,  to 
stimulate  during  spring;  and  I  had  to 
try  my  hand  at  spreading  the  brood, 
to  get  large  colonies,  for  the  honey 
flow  in  June.  I  now  put  about  the 
same  amount  of  work  on  three  yards 
that  I  used  to  put  on  one,  and  I  harvest 
more  than  tcuice  as  much  honey.  In  this 
way  I  have  doubled  my  earning  power 
and  my  income,  even  after  making 
allowances  for  the  interest  on  the 
capital  invested  in  the  two  extra 
yards. 

AN  EXCELLENT    PROVERB    MISAPPLIED. 

One  more  illustration:  Twenty-five 
years  ago,  a  student  at  one  of  our  col- 
leges  had  had    some   experience    with 


bees,  and,  desiring  more,  with  the  in- 
tention of  making  bee-keeping  his  busi- 
ness in  the  future,  he  applied  to  an  old 
experienced  bee-keeper  for  a  position 
in  the  apiary  during  school  vacation. 
All  of  the  necessary  arrangements  be 
ing  made,  the  student  arrived.  It  so 
happened  that  he  arrived  just  as  one  of 
those  old-time  honey  showers,  such  as 
we  used  to  get,  was  on.  Every  upper 
story  was  full,  and  the  bees  needed 
more  room.  The  proprietor  had  to  go 
away  the  next  forenoon  (perhaps  after 
storage),  and  left  the  student  to  extract 
alone  until  his  return.  When  he  came 
home  the  student  was  busy  (by  the  way 
he  was,  and  is  still,  a  very  energetic 
fellow),  and  what  do  you  think  he  was 
doing  ?  He  was  very  careful  to  uncap 
every  comb  so  that  it  was  beautiful I3' 
smooth  and  nice,  and  the  wood  parts  of 
all  the  frames  were  cleaned  almost  as 
nice  and  clean  as  if  they  were  direct 
from  the  factory.  When  the  proprietor 
remonstrated  with  him  for  taking  so 
much  time  cleaning  frames,  etc.,  dur- 
ing the  busy  season,  the  student  replied 
by  quoting  that  old  proverb  "what  is 
worth  doing  at  all  is  worth  doing 
well."  A  very  excellent  quotation 
misapplied,  for  his  services  at  just  that 
particular  time  might  have  been  worth 
$25.00  a  day,  if  rightly  applied,  and 
he  was  scraping  frames,  something  that 
any  inexperienced  person  could  do,  out 
of  season,  at  perhaps  $1.00  per  day. 
The  moral  is,  learn  to  distinguish  be- 
tween the  necessary  and  unnecessary 
work;  and  cut  out  all  the  work  that 
does  not  pay.  The  average  bee-keeper 
will  be  surprised  at  how  little  pay  \i& 
gets  for  a  great  share  of  the  work  he 
does  in  the  apiary.  Cutout  the  handl- 
ing of  brood  frames;  handle  hives  in- 
stead. In  this  way  you  can  handle 
many  more  bees  with  the  same  labor. 

This  is  not  theory.  I  have  had  ex- 
perience in  the  old,  intense  bee-keep- 
ing of  a  few  years  ago  (and  I  am  afraid 
quite  a  few  still  practice  it)  and  I  have 
also    practiced  the  more  modern  way, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


145 


as  laid  down  in  Advanced  Bicic  Cur-- 
TURK,  hence  I  am  in  a  position  to  com- 
pare the  two  systems,  and  I  do  not 
hesitate  a  monient  in  recommending' 
the  more  modern    way  of   starting  out- 


yards,  keeping-  more  bees,  and  doing 
business  in  a  wholesale  way.  thus 
cutting  the  cost  of  production  to  a 
minimum. 

Remus,   Mich.,  Feb.  19,  1906. 


Breeding  @ff  Be®©o 

E.    F.    PHILLIPS. 


TF  one  compares  records  made  by 
J-  Italian  colonies  during  the  seventh 
decade  of  the  last  century  with  the 
average  of  today  for  the  country  at 
large,  it  must  be  realized  that  there 
has  been  little,  if  any,  advancement. 
There  has  doubtless  been  much  im- 
provement in  hive  appliances,  extract- 
ors, forage,  and  methods  of  manipula- 
tion, but  the  place  where  there  is  the 
greatest  need  for  improvement  is  gen- 
erally neglected  by  bee-keepers:  this  is 
the  improvement  of  the  bees  them- 
selves. Manipulations  and  forage  are 
being  discussed  continually,  but  one 
gets  very  little  accurate  information  on 
the  improvement  of  bees.  This  does 
not  now  refer  to  the  introduction  of  new 
races;  tor,  while  that  may  be  an  ad- 
vantage, it  certainly  will  never  equal 
breeding  work  in  importance.  It  is 
not  because  this  phase  of  the  subject 
has  not  been  thought  of  by  the  writers 
on  apiculture,  for  there  repeatedly  ap- 
pear articles  in  the  bee-keeping  jour- 
nals on  the  need  of  careful  selection 
and  the  necessity  of  improvement,  but 
the  trouble  is  in  lack  of  knowledge  of 
breeding  principles,  and  faulty  methods 
of  manipulation  of  breeding  stock  on 
the  part  of  the  honey-producers. 

It  has  been  argued  by  several  specu- 
lators on  the  subject  that  Nature  has 
for  centuries  been  carrying  on  a  rigid 
selection  by  weeding-  out  the  weak  and 


unproductive  colonies  in  winter,  and 
that  man  cannot  hope  in  a  few  years  to 
do  what  Nature  h  as  not  done  in  so  long 
a  time.  This  may  sound  all  right  at 
first  hearing,  but  examination  of  the 
argument  may  not  be  out  of  place.  In 
the  first  place,  natural  selection, 
which  is  a  potent  factor  in  Nature, 
whether  we  believe  it  is  to  be  the 
method  by  which  species  arise  or  not, 
cannot  do  more  than  fit  animals  to 
their  natural  environment.  Artificial 
selection,  on  the  other  hand,  aims  to 
modify  animals  so  that  they  are 
adapted  to  the  very  artificial  conditions 
made  by  man,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
produce  something  of  value  to  him. 
Present  methods  of  bee-keeping  are, 
of  coi^.rse,  very  far  removed  from 
"Nature's  way"  for  bees  to  live,  and 
man  wants  bees  which  are  not  only 
able  to  accommodate  themselves  to 
these  new  conditions,  but  more  than 
that,  a  thing  never  asked  for  by  natural 
selection,  he  vi&nii  surplus  hotiey.  How 
much  has  the  average  output  of  surplus 
per  colony  been  increased  during  the 
past  forty-five  years  ?  Natural  selec- 
tion at  work  for  a  million  years  would 
not  necessarily  increase  the  surplus 
hone}',  for  the  reason  that  it  is  of  no 
use  to  the  bees;  but  here  man  can  step 
in,  and,  by  artificial  means  of  both 
manipulation  and  breeding,  produce 
what   he   wants,  as    breeders  of   many 


146 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE^W 


other  animals  and  plants  have  done 
with  their  stocl:.  But  much  better  than 
theoretical  arguments  is  the  yirr/' that 
some  persons  have  actually  bred  better 
bees  than  those  in  Nature. 

That  bees  can  be  modified  by  breed- 
ing' has  been  well  shown  by  the  pro- 
duction of  five-banded  Italians.  By 
selecting  for  color,  during  a  compara- 
tively few  generations,  the  yellow  areas 
of  the  abdomen  have  been  increased  to 
cover  five  seginents  instead  of  three. 
Of  course,  the  virtue  of  additional  3'el- 
low  on  the  abdomen  may  be  clear  only 
to  the  breeder  of  that  stock  and  his 
amateur  customer,  but  it  is  of  value  to 
the  breeder  of  honey-producing  bees 
also  as  an  example  of  what  can  he  done. 

There  are  a  few  strains  of  Italians 
for  which  it  is  claimed  that  they  work 
on  red  clover  more  than  ordinary  bees, 
on  account  of  greater  length  of  tongue. 
The  length  of  tongue  seems  to  be  dis- 
cussed less  than  it  was  a  few  years 
ago,  but  we  still  hear  of  it.  What  is 
the  history  of  such  superior  stock  ? 
Daughters  of  the  superior  queens  are 
sold  and  introduced  into  honey  pro- 
ducing apiaries,  but  in  a  generation 
or  two  the  strain  loses  its  good  qualities 
and  they  become  very  ordinary  Italian 
bees,  or,  more  likely,  hybrids  by  mis- 
matings,  due  to  the  fact  that  the  honey- 
producer  is  not  versed  in  methods  of 
breeding,  and  not  that  the  original 
breeder  does  not  have  good  stock. 
Even  in  the  hands  of  professional  queen- 
rearers,  there  are  cases  where  such 
stock  has  deteriorated  because  of  care- 
lessness in  allowing  drones  of  poor  col- 
onies to  fly,  and  some  breeders  them- 
selves have  privatelj'  acknowledged  the 
less  value  of  their  stock  today. 

It  will  not  be  denied  that  the 
man  and  his  manipulations  form  a 
good  part  of  what  is  necessary  in  the 
production  of  a  good  crop  of  honey. 
However,  manipulation  is  not  the  whole 
of  bee-keeping,  and  considerable  de- 
pends on  the  bees  as  honey  producers. 

In  articles    in  the    journals,    and    in 


books  on  apicul-  ire,  references  are 
frequentl}^  made  to  the  transferring  of 
brood  from  colonies  that  are  strong  to 
those  having  a  little  brood,  in  other 
words,  queens  not  sufficiently  prolific 
are  helped  out,  and  that  colony  pro- 
duces more  honey  and  has  more  credit 
given  it  than  the  queen  is  entitled  to. 
I  would  not  criticise  this  manipulation, 
except  to  point  out  that  when  it  comes 
to  the  end  of  the  season,  the  compara- 
tive value  of  the  queens  cannot  be 
known,  and  records  are  then  almost 
useless  in  the  choosing  of  breeding 
stock.  Such  manipulation  makes  the 
yield  per  colony  more  uniform,  but 
does  not  aid  the  honey  producer  in 
bringing  his  stock  up  to  the  standard 
of  the  best  in  the  apiary,  and  probably 
does  not  increase  the  total  yield  of  the 
yard.  Some  colonies  need  less  care  in 
the  spring  than  others  because  the 
queen  is  so  prolific  and  the  bees  so 
active  that  the  brood  will  spread  as 
fast  aa  it  can  be  taken  care  of.  Such 
prolific  and  vigorous  stock  is  of  con- 
siderably more  value  to  the  honey  pro- 
ducer than  stock  which  requires  con- 
stant attention.  It  is  to  be  feared  that 
many  bee-keepers  blind  themselves  to 
the  true  condition  of  their  stock  by 
their  skillful  manipulation  of  brood 
combs. 

The  two  characteristics  of  the  repro- 
duction of  animals  and  plants  which 
make  any  advancement  possible  are 
heredity  and  variation.  Without  these 
two  factors  the  breeders  would  not  be 
able  to  make  the  changes  by  artificial 
selection  which  have  been  made,  and, 
what  is  of  vastly  greater  importance, 
there  would  not  now  exist  in  nature 
the  vast  number  of  kinds  of  plants  and 
animals  were  it  not  for  these  great 
forces.  Thej'  lie  at  the  bottom  of  all 
vital  phenomena.  Since  these  are  the 
tools  of  the  breeder  it  may  be  well  to 
examine  them  briefly. 

Heredity  is  the  name  given  to  that 
factor  in  living  matter  which  is  mani- 
fested by  the  fact  that  animals  produce 


THE  BEE-I'EEPERS'  REVIEW 


147 


their  own  kind.  Not  only  do  bees  pro- 
duce bees  but,  more  than  that,  if  any 
character  exists  which  is  germinal  in 
origin  it  tends  to  reappear  in  the  ofl- 
spring.  Characters  which  arise  dur- 
ing the  life  time  of  a  parent  due  to 
mutilation,  injur}-  or  environment  are 
not  inherited,  but  only  such  characters 
as  arise  from  the  sex  cell.  For  ex- 
ample, prolificness  is  generally  con- 
sidered as  capable  of  inheritance,  so 
that  an  exceptionally  prolific  queen 
bee  will  tend  to  produce  queens  which 
are  also  more  prolific  than  the  ordin- 
ary queen,  but  if  that  extra  prolific- 
ness be  due  to  stimulative  feeding  or 
manipulation  on  the  part  of  the  bee- 
keeper (an  external  factor)  then  there 
is  no  reason  to  expect  her  offspring  to 
have  exceptional  prolificness.  The  in- 
heritance of  acquired  characters  may 
have  occurred  in  time  past,  I  do  not 
know  whether  it  has  or  not,  but  this 
much  is  sure,  it  occurs  very  very 
rarely,  if  at  all,  and  there  is  no  reason 
to  believe  that  it  does. 

Therefore,  the  bee  keeper  who  pro- 
duces prolificness  by  manipulation  is 
not  producing  better  breeding  stock. 
This  is  a  case  worthy  of  consideration, 
and  the  non-inheritance,  or  at  least 
the  rare  inheritance,  of  acquired  char- 
acters is  too  well  established  to  be 
controverted  by  a  beekeeper  who 
thinks  he  has  accomplished  it  on  a  few 
bees  without  an}'  scientific  proof.  On 
the  other  hand,  characteristics  in- 
herited in  the  queen  or  drone  may  be 
expected  to  appear.  Although  the 
drone  cannot  be  said  to  be  prolific  nor 
to  be  a  good  honey  producer,  it  is 
nevertheless  true  that  he  exercises  just 
as  much  influence  in  these  respects  on 
the  offspring  as  does  the  queen,  for  he 
brings  to  the  offspring  just  as  many 
heredity  units  from  his  ancestors  as 
does  the  queen. 

Heredity  ma}'  be  called  the  stable 
factor  in  reproduction,  but  without  an- 
other factor  no  change  for  either  good 
or  bad  could   be  expected;  to  this  other 


factor  we  give  the  name  variation.  It 
is  proverbial  that  no  two  members  of  a 
family  are  exactly  alike;  each  has  cer- 
tain individual  characteristics.  Some 
of  these  differences  are  due  to  environ- 
mental differences,  but  others  are  in- 
herited differences,  if  we  may  so  put  it, 
for  the  hereditary  units  received  from 
the  parents  are  not  identical  even  when 
parentage  is  identical.  To  go  into  the 
proofs  of  this  would  require  an  elab- 
orate explanation  of  the  microscopic 
structure  and  activities  of  germ  cells 
which  is  impossible  here,  but  it  is 
well  established  by  observation  and 
experiment. 

Organs  vary  in  both  directions  from 
the  average  according  to  well-known 
laws — not  mere  fortuitous  differences — 
but  the  majority  remain  rather  closely 
to  the  average  in  size  and  function  un- 
less modified  by  external  influences. 

These  then  are  the  tools  of  the 
breeder.  By  choosing  for  breeding 
stock  material  better  than  the  average 
which  is  produced  by  this  variation, 
he  may  expect  that  by  constant  selec- 
tion of  this  kind,  the  additional  value 
will  be  fixed  by  heredity,  if  the  extra 
good  qualities  are  inherited.  If  a 
queen  is  prolific  merely  because  of 
spring  feeding  or  other  reasons,  the 
breeder  need  not  expect  improvement, 
and  for  this  reason  it  is  wise  to  use 
several  breeding  queens  for  fear  the 
advantages  in  one  generation  are 
merely  acquired  and  will  not  appear 
in  succeeding  generations. 

The  greatest  error  it  seems  to  me 
which  a  breeder  of  queens  can  make  is 
to  allow  drones  from  every  colony  in  a 
large  apiary  to  fly.  I  have  visited  a 
number  of  apiaries  devoted  almost  ex- 
clusively to  queen  rearing  and  have 
talked  to  a  good  many  queen  rearers, 
and  find  that  while  considerable  care 
is  taken  in  picking  out  the  queen  or 
queens  to  be  used  for  breeding,  there 
is  little  selection  on  the  male  side.  If 
only  a  few  queens  in,  say,  400,  are 
good    enough    to    be    mothers    of    the 


148 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


young  queens,  surely  all  of  the  400 
queens  are  not  gfood  enough  to  produce 
drones  to  mate  with  them.  It  is  easy 
enough  to  make  excuses  for  such 
methods  by  saying  that  mating  takes 
place  in  the  air,  and,  therefore,  large 
numbers  of  drones  are  necessary,  but 
in  reply  to  this  it  might  be  asked  how 
many  breeders  of  good  stock  of  any 
other  kind  would  allow  any  such  pro- 
cedure and  at  the  same  time  expect  to 
accomplish  anything  in  breeding.  The 
difficulty  is,  it  seems  to  me,  that  on 
account  of  the  low  price  asked  for 
queens,  the  queen-rearer  must  produce 
large  numbers  to  make  anything,  and 
any  product  of  a  queen  cell  with  four 
or  more  legs  and  a  few  wings  sells 
as  a  queen; for  this  reason,  careful 
selection  is  out  of  the  question,  since 
the  breeder  has  no  time  to  waste  on 
selecting  colonies  for  drone-produc- 
tion. 

The  majority  of  queen-rearers  and  of 
honey-producers  who  rear  their  own 
queens  pick  out  the  queen  in  the  apiary 
whose  colony  has  made  the  best  record 
in  prolificness,  honey  production,  and 
other  desired  points.  Now  it  is  well 
known  that  in  other  forms  of  plant  and 
animal  life  not  all  individuals  have  the 
ability  of  handing  down  their  charac- 
teristics to  their  offspring  to  an  equal 
extent.  Because  a  queen  has  made  a 
remarkable  record  it  does  not  neces- 
sarily follow  that  all  of  her  offspring 
will  be  equally  productive;  in  fact,  if 
she  is  a  sport  the  chances  are  against 
her.  It,  therefore,  would  seem  better, 
all  things  considered,  to  choose  several 
breeding  queens  each  year  and  test 
them  for  prepotency  in  breeding.  It 
will  probably  be  found  thivt  the  best 
breeding  queens  are  not  the  freaks, 
but  those  only  slightly  above  the 
average,  but  if  by  breeding,  the  surplus 
may  be  increased  five  pounds  per  col- 
ony, what  an  advantage  that  would  be 
if  at  the  same  time  the  bees  require  less 
or  no  manipulation  of  brood  or  spring 
feeding     to    stimulate    brood    rearing. 


So,  to  pick  out  one  queen  as  a  breeder 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  others  seems  to 
me  to  be  almost  as  grave  a  fault  as  the 
production  of  drones  in  all  colonies. 

Inbreeding  is  a  thing  which  is  as 
much  dreaded  among  bee-keepers  as  it 
seems  to  be  among  the  rest  of  man- 
kind, and  for  the  same  reason,  or  lack 
of  reason.  There  exists  a  very  com- 
mon prejudice  against  the  breeding  of 
nearly  related  individuals,  but  when 
one  tries  to  find  out  the  cause  of  the 
prejudice  it  is  not  easy.  It  is  true  that 
in  Nature  the  breeding  of  closely  re- 
lated individuals  does  not  usually 
occur,  but  that  should  not  necessarily 
influence  the  breeder  who  is  using  arti- 
ficial, and  not  natural  selection. 
Breeders  of  most  domesticated  plants 
and  animals  now  practice  inbreeding 
closely  and  continually;  the  closer  it 
is  practiced  the  better  the  results.  It 
tends  to  uniformity  of  stock,  greater 
rate  of  increase  in  value,  and  is,  there- 
fore, to  be  commended.  It  is,  of  course, 
a  sharp  edged  tool,  and  the  queen- 
rearer  has  no  business  using  it,  but 
when  a  man  becomes  a  queen-breeder, 
it  is  perfectly  safe. 

In  the  breeding  of  most  domestic  ani- 
mals there  is  a  popular  belief  that  the 
male  parent  is  prepotent  and  has 
greater  influence  over  the  offspring 
than  the  mother.  More  recent  investi- 
gations have  thrown  considerable  light 
on  the  matter  of  prepotency  and  domin- 
ent  and  recessive  characters.  It  is  by 
no  means  true  that  one  parent  can  be 
said  to  have  more  influence  than  the 
other,  as  a  general  rule.  In  particular 
instances  the  case  may  be  entirely  dif- 
ferent. The  influence  of  the  two  sexes 
in  bees  is  a  subject  practically  un- 
touched, but  until  we  have  evidence  to 
the  contrary  it  is  safe  to  assume  that 
most  of  the  characters  which  are  de- 
sired in  breeding  are  such  that  the  off- 
spring is  about  an  equal  combination 
of  the  similar  characters  in  the  two 
lines  of  parentage.  In  view  of  this,  it 
seems  strange   that    so   many    persons 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


149 


should  pay  no  attention  to  the  selection 
of  drones. 

It  has  also  been  sufifgested  that  even 
if  drones  are  derived  from  partheno- 
g^enetic  eg^g^s,  yet  drones  from  a  mis- 
mated  queen  have  some  of  the  charac- 
teristics of  the  male  which  mated  with 
her.  Evidence  for  such  a  veiw  does 
not  exist,  and  no  work  done  carefully 
enough  to  warrant  consideration  can 
be  produced.  Like  to.)  many  other 
things  in  apiculture,  the  idea  is  formed 
without  a  basis  of  fact  which  would 
bear  scientific  scrutiny. 

One  of  the  best  methods  yet  found 
for  controlling  the  drone  production  in 
an  apiary  is  to  requeen  every  year. 
In  this  way  the  advantage  of  using 
queens  only  during  the  most  prolific 
time  of  life  is  obtained,  and,  by  allow- 
ing only  extra  fine  queens  to  live  for  a 
longer  time,  no  drones  will  be  pro- 
duced except  from  selected  colonies, 
since  queens  rarely  produce  drones 
until  about  a  year  old  under  normal 
circumstances 

Up  to  the  present  time  the  use  of 
crosses  between  races  of  bees  beyond 
the  first  cross  has  not  been  tried  to  anj' 
extent  on  a  firm  basis  because  of  the 
excessive  variability  caused  by  cross- 
ing. Certain  first  crosses  have  proven 
desirable  in  certain  localities,  but  the 
great  disadvantages  in  the  use  of  them 
is  that  no  use  can  be  made  of  them  for 
breeding  purposes,  except  in  drone  pro- 
duction. That  certain  combinations 
might  prove  extremely  valuable  in  suc- 


cessive crosses  seems  probable,  but  the 
person  who  attempts  anything  of  the 
kind  should  have  a  very  definite  idea 
of  what  he  is  after,  and  know  rather 
definitely  how  he  is  going  to  get  it. 
Any  such  attempt  on  the  part  of  one 
not  versed  in  the  principles  of  breeding 
would  naturally  be  utter  folly. 

Some  good  work  has  been  done  by 
some  breeders  in  producingbetter  stock, 
beyond  doubt,  but  it  is  a  fallacy  to  be- 
lieve that  simply  because  a  man  raises 
queen  bees  for  sale  that  he  is  therefore 
in  a  position  to  produce  better  queens 
than  the  average  honey-producer. 

By  the  careful  keeping  of  records  and 
by  selection  of  only  the  best  queens  for 
breeding  purposes,  a  honey  producer 
can  in  a  few  years  bring  his  stock  up 
to  greater  uniformity  and  also  keep 
less  colonies  to  obtain  the  same  total 
ivunual  yield  for  an  apiary,  which 
would  mean  a  saving  of  considerable 
time  in  manipul.ition  By  making  the 
queeng  more  uniforuily  prolific  a  great 
deal  of  the  usual  brood  shifting  would 
be  done  away  with.  The  work  which 
has  been  done  by  honey-producers  is  a 
fact  which  can  be  proven  by  actual 
cases  .;iid  is  not  mere  3'  a  theoretical 
statement.  When  the  time  comes  that 
bee-keepers  realize  the  possibilities  in 
breeding  for  themselves,  some  of  the 
very  careless  queen  rearing  which  now 
flourishes  will  close,  and  men  in  the 
business  will  either  produce  better 
stock  or  go  out  of  business. 

Washington,  D.  C,  Jan.  27,  1906. 


'eremi^  Practices  Gatlheired  uEp  at 
Be©°Heep©iPS^  Coi^veinitioiniSo 

F.    GREINER. 


EVERY  business  man  meets  with 
some  losses.  But  if  eventually  iie 
makes  the  business  pay,  notwithstand- 
ing these  losses,  so  far,  so  good.  This, 
however,    does    not    signify     that    he 


should  content  himself  with  this  state  of 
affairs.     To  the  contrary,  he  should  be 
constantly   stud^'ing  the  situation  how 
to  avoid  even  the  smallest  losses. 
I  have  been  running  out-apiaries  at  a 


150 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


profit.  In  other  words,  I  have  made 
more  money  since  keeping'  more  bees 
in  this  way.  But  there  have  been 
losses  which  should  have  been  pre- 
vented. I  have  learned  how  to  prevent 
them  in  a  measure,  but  not  to  my  en- 
tire satisfaction.  What  troubles  me 
most,  is,  the  occasional  absconding 
of  shaken  swarms.  It  is  no  wonder 
that  a  swarm  should  feel  disgusted 
after  receiving  that  most  unmerciful 
treatinent  from  the  apiarist,  styled 
"shakin<r, "  "shook,''  etc.  We  our- 
selves would  feel  that  way:  Our 
house  all  torn  to  pieces,  the  furni- 
ture gone,  the  children  carried  off. 
What  man,  under  such  conditions, 
would  have  the  courage  to  start  in 
anew  on  the  same  farm  ?  This  is 
identically  what  we  expect  the  bees 
to  do.  Some  bee-keepers  say  they 
have  no  trouble  in  having  their  bees 
conform  to  the  new  condition.-,  but, 
somehow,  I  cannot  find  out  wherein  the 
difl'erence  lies  between  their  method 
and  mine.  Some  of  my  shaken  swarms 
abscond,  or  make  the  attempt,  any 
how.  What  can  I  do  to  prevent  it?  I 
can  only  tell  what  I  do  do;  to  reduce 
absconding  I  have  two  systems,  one 
based  upon  the  principle  of  g^entleness, 
the  other  upon  the  principle  of  force. 
The  principle  of  gentleness  prompts 
me  to  be  as  kind  as  conditions  admit; 
I  start  each  bee  off  with  a  load  of 
honey,  I  leave  them  a  few  of  their 
children  to  take  care  of,  a  bit  of  furni- 
ture in  the  shape  of  a  comb,  and  inake 
the  hive  as  comfortable  for  the  excited 
multitude  as  is  possible  by  giving 
shade.  These  measures  hold  the  bees 
generall3^  In  addition  I  can  now 
apply  a  measure  of  force.  I  can  con- 
fine the  colony  by  an  entrance  guard 
in  such  a  way  that  neither  drones  nor 
queen  can  escape.  Should  the  swarm 
then  attempt  to  leave,  the  worker  bees 
will  have  to  return  to  their  queen.  It 
is  my  individual  opinion  that  an  en- 
trance guard  cannot  possibly  make  a 
hive   attractive  to  the  bees.     It  would 


seem  to  me,  it  would  have  the  opposite 
effect.  Clipping  the  queens'  wings  is 
nearly  as  effective  as  the  entrance 
guard.  I  prefer  it  as  a  safety  measure. 
If  it  were  not  for  sometimes-several-col- 
on ies-coming-out-at-the-same-time,  and 
the  abnormal  swarming  with  virgin 
queens,  the  clipping  of  queens  would 
very  nearly  fill  the  bill.  Who  can  tell 
us  something  better  ? 

When  operating  out-yards,  stimula- 
tive feeding  is  practically  an  impossi- 
bility. The  same  may  be  said  of  other 
practices,  such  as  spreading  of  the 
brood.  The  busy  bee-keeper  has  no 
time  to  spend  in  this  fashion.  The 
bees  must  be  run  as  much  as  possible 
on  "the-let-alone-plan." 

MAKK-SHIFT  HIVES  AND  SUPERS. 

It  seems  to  me  an  odd  way,  but  one 
of  our  successful  comb-honey  producers 
places  a  two-inch  section  (size  of  hive) 
upon  all  of  his  strong  colonies  in  the 
spring.  He  says  the  most  natural 
place  for  the  bees  to  cluster  is  on  top 
of  the  frames.  Should  some  honey 
come  in  earl}',  more  than  is  used  for 
breeding,  and  the  bees  should  fill  the 
two-inch  chamber,  there  will  be  no 
harm  in  that,  as  the  honey  is  usually 
inferior,  commercially,  and  may  be 
used  in  the  fall  to  help  out  light 
colonies. 

A  similar  low  chamber  above  the 
brood-frames  was  an  essential  feature 
of  Dzierzon's  famous  twin-hive  and  was 
known  as  the  Wirr-batt,  as  such  pro- 
verbial. Its  object  was  to  provide 
every  colony  with  food  always  acces- 
sible. Of  course  there  were  no  frames 
in  this  chamber.  C.  A.  Olmstead  hit 
on  the  same  device  without  having 
knowledge  of  the  other,  and  believes  it 
to  be  a  good  thing. 

Olmstead  has  also  discarded  the 
movable  frame  when  using  hives  for 
shaken  swarms.  Just  a  shallow  box 
with  tO]i  bars  nailed  in,  made  queen 
excluding,  answers  all  his  purposes. 
At  the  end  of  the  season  the  "shooks" 
are  united  with   their  mother  colonies, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


151 


House-apiaries  were  generallj'  con- 
demned by  bee-keepers  asbeing^  unhandy 
to  work  in.  Why  bees  should  not 
winter  well  in  such  houses  wa;.  not 
clear  to  be  seen. 

MARKETING. 

How  best  to  exchang-e  our  honey  for 
money  is  a  problem  unsolved.  A  great 
deal  of  theorizing  is  being  done,  but 
we  are  as  yet  far  from  any  definite 
plan.  What  the  possibilities  are  is  not 
clear  in  my  mind,  clearer  is  what  I  do 
do.  I  eflfect  better  sales  by  entering 
into  correspondence  with  purchasers 
than  by  looking  thern  up  personally. 
I  make  satisfactory  :-  lies  through  com- 
mission houses  aid  sell  in  my  home 
market  what  I  can,  bot  do  not,  of  lace, 
obtain  as  high  prices  as  through  other 
channels.  I  am  not  disposed  to  denj' 
the  commission  man  the  privilege  of 
existence.  I  think  he  renders  m.any  of 
us  valuable  service.  I  admit  that  the 
business  of  .selling  on  commission  is 
based  upon  a  wrong  principle.  It  does 
not  tend  to  maintain,  much  less  raise 
prices.  The  man  who  buys,  and  in- 
vests his  money  in  any  product  is  apt 
to  keep  up  the  price.  He  will  have  to 
get  his  money  back  and  a  profit.  The 
commission  man  can  under  sell  every- 
time.  He  is  losing  nothing.  The  man 
who  sells  the  lowest  does  the  business 
and  sets  the  price. 

Naples,  N.  Y  ,  Feb.  1,  1906. 


the  combs  are  broken  out  and  made 
made  into  wax.  The  combs  are  not 
broken  out  clean,  but  a  little  is  left  to 
give  the  bees  a  start,  a  chance  to 
deposit  some  pollen,  etc.  This  will 
keep  the  pollen  out  of  the  sections. 

This  method  met  the  approval  of 
others  in  so  far  as  it  prevented  increase 
and  added  to  the  wax  supply,  also 
saved  cost  of  more  expensive  hives. 

The  wintering  problem  always  comes 
in  for  a  share  of  the  bee-keepers'  con- 
sideration. It  is  a  matter  of  vital  im- 
portance in  all  northern  States.  The 
cellar  has  the  preference  in  New  Yoi  k 
State.  Slight  upward  ventilation  was 
advocated,  leaving  bottom  boards  in 
position.  Olmstead  covers  the  cluster 
of  bees  with  newspapers  leaving  a 
small  open  marginal  space  around  the 
outside,  then  covers  all  with  burlap. 

BISULPHIDE  OF  CARBON. 

Many  bee-keepers  still  adhere  to  the 
brimstone  method  to  keep  down  the 
wax  moth;  but  it  is  plain  to  be  seen, 
that  bisulphide  of  carbon  is  taking 
the  lead  now.  In  sulphuring  comb 
honey,  we  have  to  come  so  near  the 
danger  line,  (discoloring  the  combs 
green)  in  order  to  be  sure  of  killing 
the  larvae,  that  it  is  unpleasant  and 
risky.  It  was  also  hinted  at  that  there 
was  more  danger  of  setting  fire  when 
using  bisulphide  of  carbon,  than  when 
burning  sulphur.  The  carbon  forms 
a  gas. 


I 


5 


O    .  O 


i-i  K^ 


^]) 


Ventilation  (a  generous  entrance)  is 
needed,  as  well  as  room,  to  prevent 
swarming. 


Don't  Attempt  a  thing  unless  you  are 
sure  of  yourself;  but  don't  relinquish  it 
merely  because  some  one  else  isn't  sure 
of  you. 

"Konsider  the  Postage  Stamp,  my 
Son.  Its  usefulness  Konsists  in  its 
ability  to  stick  to  one  thing  until  it  gets 
there.  "—/f.yA  Billings. 


To  Dampen  smoker  fuel  may  seem 
like  strange  advice,  but  it  improves  the 
lasting  qualities  of  some  kinds  of  fuel 
— planer  shavings,  for  instance.  It 
may  need  some  dry  fuel  to  get  the  fire 


152 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


started,  but,  when  well  to  going,  damp 
fuel  is  really  an  improvement.  It  does 
not  blaze,  it  gives  more  smoke,  and  it 
lasts  1  >nger.     Tr3^  it. 


■M'^^tfP^^U^ 


Oasollne  Cans  are  sometimes  used  for 
the  storing  of  honey,  but  they  must 
be  thoroughly  cleaned,  and  a  sub- 
scriber would  like  to  know  how  best  to 
do  this  cleaning.  If  any  one  has  had 
experience,  let  him  speak. 


The  National  Bee-keepers'  Association 
will  hold  its  annual  convention,  for 
1906,  November  8,  9  and  10,  in  San 
Antonio,  Texas;  these  dates  occurring 
at  the  time  when  the  Texas  Fair  is  in 
progress  and  low  rates  will  be  in  force, 
locally,  for  several  hundreds  of  miles 
out  of  San  Antonio,  and,  at  the  same 
time,  there  will  be  Home-Seekers'  rates 
available  from  other  parts  of  the 
country. 


INCREASE. 


How  to   Make  it  on  the  Alexander  Plan. 


It  is  not  every  bee-keeper  who  wishes 
increase;  but  some  do.  Where  a  mod- 
erate increase  is  desired,  together  with 
a  fair  crop  of  honey,  a  division  of  the 
strongest  colonies  is  probably  as  satis- 
factory as  any.  The  methods  of  doing 
this  are  almost  without  number,  but  I 
think  there  are  few  that  are  superior 
to  what  is  called  the  Alexander  plan, 
described  by  E.  W.  Alexander,  in 
Gleanings.     Here  is  the  plan: — 

After  studying  this  subject  for  many 
years,  and  trying  everything  I  could 
think  of  to  prevent  this  loss  of  brood  in 
in  making  our  increase,  and  at  the 
same  time  avoid  nuclei,  thus  keeping 
every  colony  in  good  condition  to  take 
advantage  of  any  unexpected  harvest 
that  might  come,  I  hit  on  what  I  con- 
sider the  most  practical  way  of  making 
increase  of  anything  I  have  ever  tried 
or  heard  of.  It  is  this:  When  your 
colonies  are  nearly  full  enough  to 
swarm  naturally,  then  begin  this  man- 
agement: lift  a  hive  from  its  stand  and 
put  in  its  place  a  hive  containing 
frames  of  combs  or  foundation,  tl.e 
same  as  you  would  put  a  swarm  in, 
providing  it  had  just  swarmed.  Now 
remove  the  center  comb  from  your 
empty  hive,  and  put  in  its  place  a 
fr;inie  of  brood  from  the  center  of  your 
full  colony,  and  be  sure  you  tintl  the 
queen    and    put    her   on  this    frame    of 


brood  in  the  new  hive.  Look  this 
frame  of  l)rood  over  to  see  that  there 
are  no  queen  cells  on  it.  If  it  does 
contain  any  cut  them  ofP  or  destroy 
them.  Now  put  a  queen  excluding  zinc 
on  top  of  this  new  hive  that  contains 
the  queen  and  frame  the  brood  with 
their  empty  combs,  then  set  your  full 
queenless  colony  on  top  of  the  queen 
excluder  on  this  new  hive,  put  in  the 
empty  frame  of  comb  or  frame  of 
foundation  where  you  took  out  the 
frame  of  brood  and  close  the  upper 
hive.  The  bees  will  now  have  to  go 
down  through  the  queen  excluder  to 
get  out.  Leave  them  this  way  for 
about  fi\e  days,  then  look  over  the 
combs  carefully  to  see  if  anj'  queen 
cells  are  started  and  destroy  them, 
unless  they  are  of  agood  strain  of  bees 
that  you  wish  to  breed  from.  In  that 
case  let  them  complete  them.  On  the 
10th  or  11th  day  take  off  this  upper 
hive  and  place  it  on  a  new  stand  giving 
it  one  of  the  mature  cells.  During 
these  ten  or  eleven  days,  the  queen  be- 
low will  get  a  fine  lot  of  brood  started 
in  the  lower  hive,  and  every  egg  and 
particle  of  larvae  that  was  in  the  old 
hive  on  top  will  have  matured,  so  it 
will  be  capped  over  and  saved  It  will 
be  full  of  young  bees  mostly  and  cap- 
ped brood  and  can  be  left  with  a 
capped  cell  or  given  a  laying  qmeen. 
In  this  way  j'ou  have  two  strong  col- 
onies from  one,  as  you  have  not  lost  a 
particle  of  brood  nor  checked  the  lay- 
ing of  your  qeuen.  With  me  it  entirely 
prevents  swarming. 

This  is  the  way  I  have  made  my  in- 
creasese  for  several  3'ears,  and  like  it 
much  better  than  any  other  way  I  have 
tried.     In  doing  so,  you  keep    eill  your 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


153 


colonies  strong-  during  the  wliole  aum- 
mer,  and  it  is  the  strong-  colonies  that 
count  in  giving  us  our  surplus.  The 
mere  fact  of  having  a  large  number  of 
colonies  does  not  amount  to  anything- 
unless  they  are  strong  in  bees  and  are 
well  cared  for  at  all  times. 

In  making  your  increase  this  way 
your  new  swarm  on  the  old  stand  is  in 
tine  shape  to  receive  a  super  filled  with 
sections  when  j^ou  take  the  top  hive 
away,  as  it  has  a  large  working-  force 
backed  up  by  having  its  hive  nearly 
full  of  brood.  They  will  go  at  once 
into  the  sections  and  have  no  thought 
of  swarming.  The  old  hive  that  was 
on  the  top  will  soon  have  a  laying  queen 
and  with  young  bees  hatching  rapidly 
the  young  queen  has  plentj'  of  room  to 
lay.  Tlie}^  can  now  be  given  a  super 
of  sections  and  no  thought  of  swarm- 
ing. 

If  3'ou  have  done  3^our'duty  with  your 
bees  as  I  recommended  by  feeding-  a 
little  warm  sugar  S3^rup  ever}'  evening 
up  to  the  time  the  main  hone}'  flow 
commences  and  have  kept  them  covered 
snug  and  warm,  j'ou  will  have  on  June 
loth  two  good  strong  colonies  instead 
of  one,  read}'  to  commence  work  on 
your  clover  harvest.  From  an  exten- 
sive experience  along  this  line  I  find  I 
can  get  nearly  twice  the  amount  of 
surplus  by  dividing-  as  above  stated 
over  any  other  method. 


RUBBER  BANDS. 

How  They  May  be  Used  in   Transferring 
Bees. 


In  transferring-  bees  from  box  hives, 
the  experienced  bee-keeper  may  well 
use  what  Mr.  James  Heddon  calls  the 
modern  method,  that  of  driving  out  the 
bees  and  hiving-  them  on  sheets  of 
foundation,  then  three  weeks  later, 
driving  again,  when  the  old  combs  are 
left  free  from  brood,  and  may  be  ren- 
dered into  wax.  This  work  must  be 
done  about  swarming--time,  when  the 
weather  is  warm  and  there  is  a  honey- 
flow.  For  the  novice,  or  in  transfer- 
ring from  one  style  of  movable  comb 
hive  to  another,  the  old  fashioned 
method  is  preferable;  when  the  fasten- 
ing in  of  the  combs  is  quite    important. 


Some  wind  strings  around  the  combs, 
others  tack  sticks  across  the  frames, 
but  what  seems  to  me  the  best  way  of 
all  was  described  in  Gleanings,  l.-^st 
October,  by  Grant  Stanley,  of  N is  bet, 
Penn. 

Here  is  what  he  says: — 

In  transferring  comb  from  one  size 
frameto  another,  or  from  a  box  to  an  itn- 
proved  hive,  why  not  throw  awa}'  the 
splints  and  string-s  used  formerly,  and 
use  medium  strong  rubber  bands? 
Stretch  a  band  over  each  cap;  and  if  the 
pieces  of  comb  are  small,  one  can  be 
placed  in  the  center  of  the  frame.  In  the 
manipulation  of  the  frames  after  the 
bees  have  fastened  the  comb  to  the  wood, 
press  the  blade  of  a  sharp  knife  on  the 
bands  where  they  cross  the  top-bar 
and  they  will  fly  out  of  the  way. 

Commenting-  upon  the  foreg-oing-. 
Editor  Root  Sa3's  : — 

Your  sugg-estion  of  rubber  bands  is 
most  excellent,  and  I  believe  it  is  ahead 
of  any  thing  else  that  has  ever  been 
suggested.  The.}'  are  novp  so  cheap 
that  the  cost  would  be  practically 
nothing-.  After  the  bees  have  got  the 
combs  fast  in  the  frames  it  would  not 
even  be  necessary  to  remove  the  frames. 
Just  run  a  sharp  knife  over  the  top- 
bar  through  each  rubber  band  and 
they  will  fl}'  off  the  frame  quicker  than 
you  can  say  it.  down  to  the  bottom- 
board.  The  objection  to  a  string  is 
that  the  bees  do  not  alwa3's  g-naw  it 
away.  Practicalh',  it  is  necessary  to 
remove  the  brood-frame,  cut  the  string 
and  then  unwind.  The  suggestion  of 
the  rubber  band  is  worth  considerable, 
and  I  have  marked  it  to  be  incorporated 
in  our  A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture,  providing 
it  proves  to  be  satisfactory  in  our  bee- 
3'ards. 


"I  LIKE  MY  JOB." 


Some   Things    That  Enthusiasm   Will   Do. 


I  doubt  if  it  is  fulh'  realized  that  en- 
thusiasm is  great  force;  that  it  will 
enable  a  man  to  do  more  work,  and 
stand  a  greater  strain.  One  of  the 
best  illustrations  that  I  have  seen  along- 
this  line  is  contained  in  the  follow- 
ing- clipped  from  the  Ladies'  Home 
Journal. 


154 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


One  of  President  Roosevelt's  friends, 
seeing-  him  in  the  midst  of  a  big-,  busy 
day's  work,  asked  him  how  he  could 
stand  such  a  strain. 

"Oh,  I  like  my  job,"  replied  the 
President  with  glistening-  eye. 

What  a  finer  world  this  would  be, 
what  a  more  contented,  happy  people 
we  should  all  be,  if  we  could  bring 
more  joy  into  our  work  so  as  to  be  able 
to  say  just  that:  "I  like  my  job  !" 

Ask  the  average  man  about  his  work, 
and  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  he  will 
tell  you  of  the  hardness  of  the  struggle; 
of  this  difficulty,  of  that  obstacle,  and 
of  some  other  care.  It  is  the  rare  ex- 
ception that  you  fi  d  a  man  so  in  love 
with  his  work  as  to  wish  his  son  to 
follow  in  his  footsteps.  "Any  other 
trade,  any  other  profession  than  mine 
for  him,"  he  says.  But  what  a  differ- 
ence when  a  man's  eye  kindles  as  he 
says,  "I  like  my  job  !"  That  is  the 
spirit  that  grapples  with  difficulties 
and  conquers  them;  that  looks  upon 
an  obstacle  as  simply  something  to 
overcome — the  conquering  spirit  of  a 
relish  for  the  "job"  in  hand,  whatever 
it  is;  the  playing  of  the  game  with  a 
zest  that  makes  for  the  surest  success 
and  the  big-gest,  truest  happiness. — the 
man  who  wins. 

That  is  what  we  want  in  our  lives, 
men  and  women,  whatever  the  work  in 
hand;  the  spirit  that  works  with  a  will 
and  says  "I  like  my  job  '" 

For  nearly  20  years  I  have  gotten  out 
the  Review  once  a  month,  and  only  an 
editor  and  publisher  knows  of  the  hard 
work,  and  problems,  and  the  obstacles 
to  be  overcome.  My  wife  sometimes 
sa3's  that  she  hopies  the  time  will  come 
when  I  won't  have  to  work  so  hai'd, 
and  have  so  much  on  my  mind,  but  I 
doubt  if  even  she,  who  has  worked 
with  me  hand  in  hand,  all  these  years, 
can  fully  realize  how  thoroughly  "I 
like  my  job."  I  am  proud  of  the  pro- 
fession in  which  I  have  found  my  life- 
work. 

In  this  matter  of  establishing  out- 
apiaries  in  Northern  Michig-an,  I  well- 
knew  there  would  be  some  serious 
obstacles  to  overcome,  that  there  would 
be  a  lot  of  hard  work,  both  mental  and 
physical,  but  then,  "I  like  my  job," 
and  it  is  simply  a  pleasure  to  meet  and 
overcome  obstacles. 


Reader,  do  you  "like  your  job  ?"  If 
you  don't  and  can't  learn  to  like  it, 
better  quit  it  and  get  some  job  you  can 
like.  Without  this  love  of  business, 
this  ambition  to  succeed,  man  soon 
drifts  back  into  the  rear. 


PURE  ITALIAN  BEES 

The  most  beautiful,  gentle,  prolific,  best  work- 
ing-, and  being-  long-tongutd,  best  honey-gather- 
ers. I'rizes—yi,  Swiss  Agricultural  Exhibition, 
Berne,  18')5:  Swiss  National  E<hibition,  Geneva, 
1896:  Bee-Keeping  Exposition.  Liege,  Belgium. 
1895:  Universal  Exposition,  St.  Louis.  U.  S.  A. 
1904.  The  Highest  Award.  Extra  select 
breeding  Queen,  $3.00:  six,  S16.00:  dozen,  $30.C0. 
Selected  Queen.  Si.OO:  six,  Sll.OO:  dozen.  $20.00. 
Young  fertilized  que^n,  tested,  $1.60:  six,  $9.00: 
dozen,  $16  00.  Special  prices  on  larger  number. 
The  addresses  must  be  clear:  payments  by  postal 
money  orders.  If  by  chance  a  queen  dies  upon  the 
journey  she  is  to  be  returned  immediately,  with  a 
postal  certificate,  and  another  queen  will  be  sent 
gratis.     Address. 

•  v.ithony  Biaggi, 

Pedeville.  near  Bellinzona.  Italian  Switzerland, 

This  country  is  politically  the  Switzerland  Re- 
public, but  lies  geographically  in  Italy,  and  pos- 
sesses the  best  kind  of  bees  krown.  Bee-Keepers 
of  the  Far  West  can  wive  their  orders  to  my 
brother  Stefano  (Stephen)  Biaggi,  farmer,  resident 
at  Wash,  Plumas  Co.,  California,  who  will  kindlj' 
collect  orders.     In  writing,  mention  the  Review. 


Three-and  Five-Banded  Italian   and 
Carniolan 

as  good  as  the  best  and  ready  to  ship 
now.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Un- 
tested, 50  cts. ;  tested,  75  cts, 

C.  B.  BANKSTON,   Milano,  Tex. 


Special  Sale  on 
HIVES  AND  SECTIONS 

Until  March  15th.  Eight-frame,  Dove- 
tail Hives,  1>^  story,  $1.25;  10-frame, 
$1.40;  No.  1  bee-way  sections,  $3.90; 
No.  2,  $3.40;  24  lb.  Shipping-Cases, 
13c;  Foundation,  Smokers,  etc.,  cheap. 
Michigan  Agent  for  Dittmer's  new 
process  foundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  24-page  catalogue,  free. 

W.  D.  SOPER, 

F.    R.    D.    3  JACKSON,  MICH. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


155 


I  Will  Never  Make  Any  More 
Goods  by  Hand. 


^^ 


So  says  one  of  our  customers,  states  a  Lewis  ag'ent  to  the 
G.  B.  Lewis  Co.  in  a  letter  recently  received  and  now  on  tile 
at  our  Watertown  ottice.     The  ai^ent  writes  as  follows: 


March  28,  1906. 
G.  B.  Lewis  Co., 

Watertown,  Wis. 
Gentlemen: — 

We  note  that  the  Lewis  goods  this  season  are  finer  than 
ever.  No.  2  sections  are  fine.  Hives  and  all  hive  parts  are 
without  any  knots.  In  fact,  they  are  so  nice  thiit  we  are  very 
much  surprised  as  we  supposed  that  as  lumber  gets  scarcer 
and  higher,  necessarilj'  poorer  grades  of  lumber  would  have 
to  be  used.  We  are  receiving  many  compliments  on  the  goods 
we  are  shipping  out.  The  largest  producer  in  Michigan  says, 
"They  are  the  finest  I  have  ever  received"  Another  customer 
says,  "Goods  are  so  satisfactory  that  I  want  more."  The 
purchaser  of  a  $165.00  order  writes,  "I  will  never  make  any 
more  goods  by  hand,  goods  are  fine."  We  wish  to  ask,  did 
we  get  an  extra  good  lot  and  will  thev  continue  superb  ? 
Words  cannot  express  the  satisfaction  at  seeing  snch  stock. 


Referring  to  the  above,  the  G.  B.  Lewis  Co.  wishes  to 
state  that  the  agent  referred  to  did  not  get  a  shipment  of  goods 
from  us  which  was  picked  out  especially,  or  any  one  else,  but 
that  he  was  shipped  our  regular  line  of  goods  taken  from  our 
regular  enormous  stock  which  we  now  have  on  hand  and 
which  we  are  adding  to  every  day  and  which  we  we  shall 
continue  to  ship  to  each  and  every  customer  whoever  he 
may  be. 


Q.   B.   LEWIS  COMPANY, 

Mfgrs.  of  Bee=Keepers'  Supplies, 

Watenown,  Wis.,  U.  S.  A. 


156 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


aS2 

as? 
m 

m 
^^ 
m 


PRICES 

And  quality  are  the  two  thing's  that  sell  g-oods.  We  are  in  the 
heart  of  the  lumber  country  wliere  we  get  lumber  at  first 
hands  without  freig'ht.  We  have  the  cheapest  known  power — 
water.  We  make  goods  that  are  the  equal  of  any  in  quality 
and  workmanship.  In  some  instances  they  are  superior.  For 
instance,  our  section.5  are  made  Prom  tougli  wood  that  will 
bend  without  breaking,  e^en  if  you  don't  wpt  it.  How  many 
sections  did  you  break  in  putting  together  •  f  L-ist  thousand  ? 
Thiru:  of  it.  Send  for  our  catalog  and  get  prices  th:it  will 
surprise  and  please  you.  i\i^  we  ask  is  to  get  a  trial  order, 
and  there  will  be  no  trouble  in  holding  your  custom. 

DOLL'S  BEE  SUPPLY  MFC.  CO., 
Power  Bldg.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


m 

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sag 


THE    OLMSTEAD    HIVE 
AND  SYSTEM. 


If  every  Trader  of  the  Review  knew,  as  well  as 
I  know,  what  can  be  done  with  the  new  hive,  and 
what  a  pleasure  it  is  to  do  it.  T  believe  they  would 
not  allow  this  season  to  pass  v.ithout  at  least  giv- 
ing; it  a  fair  trial.  Think  of  what  it  means  to  be 
able  to  e.xamine  one  of  the  central  combs  without 
disturbing-  the  bees  to  any  extent.  It  is  usually  a 
tell  tale  of  all  the  conditions  in  thehive.  As  loffer 
the  hive  it  has,  aside  fioni  the  valuable  features 
as  describ?d  in  the  Review,  many  others  that  I 
believe  willbe  appreciated  by  all  who  have  to  move 
bees.  It  has  a  plain  solid  bottom  with  a  blizzard 
proof  entrance  for  out-door  wintering  The  cover 
is  of  the  telescopi.:  style.  Over  the  sections,  or 
combs,  are  three,  /^-inch  air  spaces,  two  -%-inch 
boards,  and  a  sheet  of  galvanized  iron.  I  do  not 
NOW  use  the  VanDeusen  clasp,  yet  one  can  pre- 
pare it  for  moving,  vv.'  h  .an  upper  story,  if  desired, 
over  the  frames,  and  SO  square  inches  of  screen  at 
the  bottom,  besi.ies  a  /4-inch  crack  beevveen  the 
super  and  the  hive,  in  one  minute,  without 
nails,  lath  or  hammer 

The  'frames  are  Langstroth  size,  plain,  yet  at 
once  rigid  or  loose,  as  described. 

lam  offering  the  hive  complete,  as  describe! 
here  and  elsewhere  in  the  Review,  at  $2.00  each, 
during  April  and  May. 

C.  A.  OLMSTEAD, 

EAST  BLOOMFIELD,  N.  Y 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  ;-,nd  carry  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  you 
the  best  goi-Js  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  mnke  prompt  shipments  over 
15  different -' cads,  thereby  saving  yoii 
excessive  fr-ight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  pric«  si  .nre  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  ever\'  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTS  now. 
Write  today. 

KRETCHMER  MEG.,  CO. 
l-Oh-].:L  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


157 


;2stra  Fiime 


'useeini© 


Afler  years  of  ihougluftil  and  caiefiil  breeding,  seeking  more  especially  the  more  perfect  de- 
velopn  ent  "of  a  strain  of  CI. OVER  "WOKKKR.S,  I  am  pleased  to  offer  a  three-banded  strain  of 
bees  prssei-siiig  the  laresl  cjiialiiies  of  perfection  . 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  NUCLEI  :  l^ntested  queens,  50  cts.;  select  untested  queens,  75  cts. 
tested  queens,  75  cts.:  select  tested,  Ji.oo;  best  breeding  queens,  J2  ro,  two-frame  nuclei,  after  June 
l.st,  $2.00.     If  queen  is  wanted,  add  ])rice  of  queen  to  price  of  nucleus  4-o6-6t 


Aug.  Lotz  &  Son 

Make  a  specialty  of 
manufacturing'  sec- 
tions and  shipping" 
cases.  Bee-keepers 
supplies  alwa^^s  on 
hand.  Prompt  ship- 
ments. Send  for 
catalog"  and    prices. 


Cadott, 


Wis. 


SAGINAW 


Is  an  exci'llcnt  shipping  point  from  which 
to  send    out 


Bee-Keepers' 

Supplies 


No  I  Sections  $1.00  per   t,ooo,    and   other 
.Supplies  in  proportion. 

Michigan 

BEE-KEEPERS 

Can   .save   money   and  get  their  supplies 
promptly  by  sending   their  orders  to 

Lengst  &  Koenig 

SA(;iNA\V,  E.  S..  MICH. 

127  So.  13th  St. 


Italian  and  Caucasian  Queens. 

Reared  in  Separate  Yards. 

ITALIANS- (toUIimi  or  leather-colored  or  honey 
queens.  Before  Julj'  Isl:  Untested.  SI. 00  each: 
6  for  SS.OO:  1 2  for  S9  00.  Warranted  SI. 25  each; 
6  for  S7.00:  12  for  S13.00.     Tested.  S1.50  each. 

CAUCASIANS—Untested,  S1.20  each:  b  for  $7.00: 
12  for  $1 1.00.     Warranted  tested   SI  50  each. 

TWO-FRAME  NUCLEI— No  queens,  S2.50:  6  for 
S14.00:  12  for  S27.00.  Add  price  of  any  queen 
wanted.  Nuclei  ready  for  June  5th.  Queens 
r.  ady  in  May.  Breeders  from  S'^.OO  to  SIO  00. 
Book  your  order  now.  Safe  arrival  of  all  stock 
guaranteed 

D.  J.  Blocher,  Pearl  City,    Illinois 


BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  manufacture  standard  dovetailed  bee-hives 
and  supplies,  cheaper  than  n'ou  ever  bought 
before.  Our  Queens  and  Bees  stand  at  the  head 
in  quality.  Unt<  sted  75c,  each;  5425  for  6;  or 
5s. 00  per  dozt-n.  Tested,  $1.25  each;  512  00  per 
dozen.  Select  tested,  $1  50.  Special  prices  to 
dealers  and  in  large  lots  on  application  Ditt- 
mer's  foundation      Catalog  free. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beeville,    Bee  Co.    Texas. 

HONEY  QUEENS 

LAWS'  ITALIAN  and  HOLY  LAND  QUEENS, 
Plenty  of  fine  queens  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  lam  catering  to  a  satisfie  1  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?    Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 

Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  as  consistent  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $800;  tested  $1.00;  tier 
dozen,  Sio.  P.reeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  $3  00  each . 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beeville,    Tex. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


All  about   Beps. 

16-page   Weekly. 

Sample  Free.  $1 

ayear;  Smonths' 
Trial  Trip,  20c.  silver  or  stamps. 
Best  writers.  Oldest  bee-pa ner; 
illustnited.  Dept's  for  beginners 
and  fur  women  bee-keepers. 

QEORQE  W.YORK&CO. 
334  Dearborn  Street,  CHICAQO.  ILL. 


158 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


CHARLES  MONDENQ  SECTION  MACHINE 


is  covered  by  two  patents.  With  this  wonderful  in- 
vention the  cost  of  making-  Sections  may  be  reduced  to 
$1.15  per  1000.  If  such  machine  will  interest  you,  write 
for  further  information.  Do  not  write  about  it  unless 
you  mean  business. 

BEE-SUPPLIES  AND  QUEENS 

My  Catalog:  for  1906  is  now  ready  for  distribution.  I 
am  the  Northern  Headquarters  for  Adel  Queens  and 
Bees,  and  g"ood,  honest  Bee-Keepers'  Supplies.  If  you 
have  not  received  my  Catalog,  write  for  it.     Address, 

CHARLES  MONDENQ, 


1  ©o 


WTON     AVE. 


N 


MINNEAPOLIS,     MINN, 


?im(ai  foir  ousr  i^^Op  lire©    Illtisstrated     I 
C^tml©go     (Gro©dl   G©@(dlSp    loiw   PrnceSp     ^ 

get   if  yois  se»d    yomT    Order    to 

PAGE  a  LYOM  Mffgo  Coo 

New  London,  Wis. 


I'^imis^'^i 


i^^dllll!^^ 


CARNIOLAN  QUEENS 

and 

CHAFF  HIVES, 

I  am  breeding  only  one  race  of  bees.  I  have 
tested  the  Carniolans  with  the  other  races  of  bees 
and  find  thera  superior  to  all  of  them,  in  some 
particular.  They  have  all  the  good  qualities  of 
others,  and  do  not  have  some  ot  their  bad  traits. 
They  are  much  easier  to  handle,  and,  if  rightly 
managed  (given  plenty  of  room)  they  will  not 
swarm  any  more  than  other  races.  They  will 
cap  their  comb  much  nicer,  breed  earlier,  and, 
therefore,  store  more  hodey  I  grade  out  all 
poor  queen  cells,  kill  all  small  or  imperfect 
queens  before  mating,  and  sell  only  the  choice  or 
select,  bred  from  the  best  honey  gatherers  and 
comb  builders.  I  am  as  careful  about  the  drones 
as  about  the  breeding  queens. 

One  queen,  fi.oo;  two,  |i.7.s;  six,  |4  50. 

I  also  have  a  few  new  chaff  hives  for  sale  very 
cheap.  Hives  or  queens  in  exchange  for  good, 
white,  comb  honey. 

4.o66t  W.  W.  CRIM.  Pekin,  Ind. 


DON'T  TURN 

Another  page    until    you    have    sent  a 
postal  for  otir  little  booklet  on  Queens. 


ITALIAN  and 

CAUCASIAN 

the  Bcntlcst  and  best. 

"  We  also  manufacture 
and  keep  for  sale  all 
kinds  of  supplies  for  the 
apiar3\ 


The  Wood  Bee=Hive  &  Box  Co. 
Lansing,  Mich, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


159 


I  manufacture  both  the  one  and  the  four-piece  sections, 
and  can  give  customers  their  choice  at  the  same  price.  The 
one-piece  is  made  of  nice,  white  basswood,  and  sand- 
papered on  both  sides.  The  four-piece  is  made  of  hard, 
white  poplar.  The  sections  are  4^4  x  4,'4  xl%,  1^  or  7-to- 
the-foot,  and  4x5  plain. 

My  prices  are  as  follows:  1,000,  $3.00;  2,000  for  $5.75; 
5,000  for  $14.00;  10,000  for  $27.00.  A  special  price  will  be 
made  to  those  who  order  10,000  to  30,000  in  the  winter. 

I  also  furnish  BEE,  QUEENS,  and  BEE-KEEPERS' 
SUPPLIES.  Send  for  descriptive  circular,  and  sample  of 
section,  and  save  money. 

Reference,  Editor  Review. 


i-o6-tf 


OIRTOH 

Hip 


We  are  Headquarters   for 


the   best  in  the  world.     If  you  are  looking  for  the  bees  that  gather  the  most 
honey,  and  are   the   gentlest  of  all  bees  to   handle,  buy  the   Albino,     lean 
furnisii  the  Italian,  but  orders  stand  50  to  i  in  favor  of   the  Albino.     I  manu- 
P5\li/i/ll  \\  facture  and  furnish  supplies  generally. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ALBINO  BEES, 

As  to  their  marking,  the  difference  between  them  and  the  pure  Italian  is 
very  striking.  About  the  eyes  they  approach  nearer  a  purple  than  that  of 
the  Italian.  Beginning  at  the  waist,  they  first  have  three  distinct  yellow  bands,  then  three  distinct 
white — the  white  is  pnre,  not  muddy  and  dirty;  the  wings  are  finer  and  of  a  bright  silver  color. 
What  makes  them  so  be  'utiful  is,  that  the  coles  are  bright — the  white  is  white,  and  the  black  is 
black,  etc.     Theirshoulders  and  the  under  pari  are  thickly  coated  with  while  hair. 

The   queens  are  large  and  beautiful.     They   are  a  bright   yellow  and   generally  have   the    white 
hair,  as  described  in  Ihe  workers.     As  to  their  breeding,  we  can  say  the  queens  are  very  prolific. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  BEES. 

Apkii.  May  June  July  August 

Sek-ct  Tested  Albino  Queen  for  Breeding-. . . .  S  4  00  S  4  00  S  3  50  S  3  00  $  3  00 

Select  Tested  Albino  yuei-n 3  00  3  00  2  50  2  50  2  00 

Tested  Albino  Queens  as  they  run 2  25  2.5  2  00  1  75  1  50 

TTnt.-sted  Albino  Queens 100  100  75  75  75 

Tested  Italian  Queens 175  150  125  125  125 

I'ntested  Italian  Queens 100  XO  75  75  75 

S.  VALENTINE,  Rocky  Ridge,  Md. 


160 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


iHt    Root's  Goods  2vt 


THE 

BEST 

MADE 

DITTHER'S  FOUNDATION. 

Our  hobby  is  making  a  spe- 
cialty of  working  wax  into 
comb  foundation. 

Our  large  ware-house  is  full 
of  all  kinds  of  bee-keepers' 
supplies. 

Write  for  our  price  list,  sam- 
ples and  early  order  discount. 
We  would  like  to  send  them 
to  you  at  onr  expense. 

Jobbing — Wholesale —  Retail. 
Beeswax  always  wanted. 

GUS  DITTMER, 

flagusta,  Wis. 


v)/ 
Hit 

\(/ 
ilu 
\6 

vti 


Root's  Pricey 


POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  aud 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

Large  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  time.s.     I,ow  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Ser\'ice.    Catalog  sent  free. 

Wzilt^r  S.  Pou«Jcr 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOI^IS,     IND. 


ih 
\^/ 
\l/ 
\l/ 
ih 
v^/ 
\l/ 
il/ 
(1/ 
\l> 
il/ 
vd/ 
\ii 
i)/ 
il/ 
\l/ 
il/ 
il/ 
il/ 
il/^ 


-'Bi* •  r '-iS '.^ -.S'  i^ '-S  '  la' •  g*   g  •ija  •  g- •  J  V  * . .g'- ■^■- (g-- .g'- g"- ig- ig^- ig^- ar-  gr g-  •  <g'- 


Send    for 

1906 
Catalog, 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive, 
Send  for 

Booklet. 


BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

NtwCatalogue  LowerPrices 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG    MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1-oi-i-t  M7-14Q  Cellar  U«ke  Road 


-If  yon  are  tfinug  to— 


RIJY  a  BtlZZ-SAW^, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  Ueview.  He  has  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  you  hapjiy  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


Superior  Stock 

I  make  a  specialty  of  Long-Tongue 

Italian,  Carniolan,   and   Caucasian. 

Rearing-  only  from  best  stock  obtain- 
able. My  Italian  queens  are  unexcell- 
ed; 1113'  Carniolans  and  Caucasians  from 
best  imported  queens.  All  races  bred 
in  separate  yards  to  insure  purity.  A 
postal  will  bring-  my  price  list  for  1906. 

CHARLES    KOEPPEN 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  in  your 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED 
HIVES  made  by  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping-  on  hand. 


MaFshfield  ]VIfg.   Co. 

IWaFshfield,  Wis. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  exteut;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the  Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.    VRf4   DEUSErl, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


IWOOEL   iHCUBflTOHS 
fllJD  BROOOEl^S. 

Made  by  Ch^is.  A.  Cy- 
phers, are  the  only  reli- 
able hatchers.  We  sell 
them  at  Mr.  Cyphers' 
factory  prices,  and  save 
you  freig^ht. 

Poultry  and  Bee  Supplies 
of  all  kinds. 

Our7S-page  illus  rated  cata- 
logue sent  free  to  any  address. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

521  Griggs  Block 
TOLEDO,         -         •        OHIO. 

2-06-lt 


Lowest  Prices. 

BIG  DISCOUNT  FOR  EARl,Y 
ORDERS. 


On  cash  orders 
Before  November  i  9  per  cent. 
„  December  i  8  ,. 
,  January  i  7  „ 
„  February  i  6  „ 
,,        March  i  4     ,, 

,,        April  I  2     ,, 

Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds. 

FIstablished  nearly  25  years. 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
50c  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  published.  F^c'ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 
Company, 

Jamrstown,  N.  Y. 


162 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


f^ake  Your  Own  Hives, 


3ee  -  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making- 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on    trial. 
Send  for  Catalog-ue. 

W.F.&JNO.  BARNES  CO., 

384  Raby  St., 

Rockford,     Ills. 


I    -06   12 


i^ 


Jf\ 


PATEINT,     BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.        24 

YEARS  the:   beist.    oaxalog  freie:. 

F.       BINGHAM,        FARWEILL,       MICH 


BEE     SyPPLIES. 

W«  handle  th*  finest  be*  supplies,  made  by  the  VV.  T.  FALCONER  MFG. 
CO.  .Jamestown,  N.  Y.  Big  Discounts  on  esriy  orders,  let  us  figure 
with  you  on  your  wants. 

MUTH  SPECIAL  DOVE  TAIL  HIVES,  haves  Tienoy  board,  warp- 
proof  cover,  and  bottom  board,  thinic  of  it,  same  prieo  a«  the  regular 
styles.    Send  for  Catalog. 

THE  FRED.  W.  MUTH  CO., 


51    WALNUT    ST., 


01 NPI N  N^ATr,    OHIO, 


There  is  one  chapter  in  Advanced  Bee  Cul- 
ture entitled  "The  Production  of  Comb  Honey." 
It  comes  in  after  consideration  has  been  given  to 
some  most  important  points,  such  as  locality,  hives, 
supers,  sections,  increase,  feeding,  varieties  of  bees, 
use  of  comb  foundation,  etc  It  begins  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  season  and  goes  briefly  over  the  ground 
(and  here  is  the  important  point)  showing  the  re- 
lation of  these  different  features  to  one  another,  as 
they  are  employed  in  the  production  of  comb  honey. 

Reader  if  you  are  interested  in  the  production 
of  comb  honey,  you  ought  to  read  this  chapter  now, 
at  the  opening  of  the  season,  so  that  you  see  the 
relationship  of  these  various  features,  and  plan  and 
work  accordingly,  as  the  season  advances. 

Remember,  too,  that  this  is  only  one  chapter 
of  33  which  the  book  contains. 

Price  of  the  book  $1.20;  or,  with  the  Review 
one  year,  for  only  $2.00. 


lii^te    MicHl^ao 


164 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I  "DADANT'S  FOUNDATION" 

3  IT  EXCELS. 

S  EVERY  INCH  equal  to  samples. 

f^  Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sagg^ing-,    no    Loss.     Twenty-seven 

(ft  years  of  Experience.     We  guarantee  satisfaction.     Wax 

^1  worked  into  Foundation. 

i  BEE  SUPPLIES 

fl^  of  all  kinds 

1  BEESWAX  WANTED 

8  at  all  times. 
Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODIVIAN,  Grand  Rapids. 

I  DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  III. 

Wb^  Send  for  Catalog. 


Michigan  Distributors 


G.    B.    Lewis    Co^s   BEEWARE 
Dadant^s    Foundation 


WITH  an  enorinous  stock,  and  the  best  shipping  point 
in  Michigan,  we  are  in  a  position  to  give  you  the 
very  best  service. 

ADVANCED  BEE-VEIL,  Cord  arrangement,  absolutely 
bi'c-proof.  t)ost  on  oarth.  Made  of  imported  French 
tulle  veiling:.     Cottiai,  with  silk  face.  SOc  postpaid. 

Platteville.  Wis.,  April  14,  1906. 
A.  G.  Woodman. 

(irand  Rapids.  Mich. 
Dear  Sir:— 

Your  Advanced  Bee- Veil  just  arrived,  and  is  as  ad- 
vertised, the  Ik-sI  on  the  market.  Find  enclosure  for  ten 
more  veils.  Yours  truly, 

N.  E.  France 


BEESWAX  WANTED 
A.  G.  WOODMAN  CO.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


fc 


H 


A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$L00  A  YEAR, 
w.  z.  HOTCBINSON.  Editor  and  Proprietor. 


VOL.  XIX.     FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  JUNE  15,  1906.        NO.  6 


BaIb5?^°Mmclem^ 


-^W] 


A.    K.    FERRIS. 


niHlS  subject  has  been  discussed  quite 
T^  a  bit  of  late,  and  I  see  some  have 
had  success  and  some  failures;  so  I 
will  add  mv  mite  of  testimony. 

In  practicing-  this  method  we  should 
consider  that  the  same  rules  will  not 
apply  to  an  ounce  or  less  of  bees  that 
will  apply  to  one  or  more  pounds. 

IMPORTANCE   OF   WIDE   SPACING   OK 

SMALL    COMBS    WITH   SMALL 

LOTS   OK    BEES. 

In  constructing'  nucleus  hives,  the  less 
the  number  of  combs,  the  greater  should 
be  the  room  in  which  to  cluster.  For 
instance,  a  single  comb,  three  by  five 
inches,  should  have  two  and  one-half 
incl.es  of  space  in  width;  two  combs, 
four  inches,  anil  three  combs  five  and 
one-half  inches,  eic.  This  allows  a 
three-fourtiis  inch  space  on  each  side 
of  the  comb  for  tlie  bees  to  cluster  and 
keep  the  little  spot  of  brood  warm. 

I  had  between  fifty  and  two  hundred 
and  fifty  of  these  in  operation  all 
through  last  season,  and  I  found  tney 
reared  brood  all  throug^h  September, 
and  that  brood  hatched,  every  cell  of  it. 


If  a  person  wishes  to  simply  mate 
his  queens,  and  not  keep  them  in  the 
nuclei  more  than  two  weeks,  these  little 
three  by  five  inch  sing-le  comb  nuclei 
work  very  well,  even  in  the  north. 
But  where  a  more  permanent  form  is 
desired,  more  comb  surface  will  be  re- 
quired; for  a  three  by  five  inch  comb 
does  not  contain  sufficient  honey  to  last 
them  long,  and  they  become  too  uneasy 
to  make  it  profitable  to  fuss  with  them. 

Where  a  more  permanent  form  of 
nucleus  is  desired,  two  or  three,  four 
by  five  by  one  and  three  eig-hts  plain 
sections  make  a  good  sized  space  for 
each  queen. 

I  shall  use  both  two  and  three  frames 
in  the  single  form,  iind  also  in  the  twin 
form  as  seen  in  the  frontispiece. 

ADVANTAGES  OK  THE  TWIN  NUCLEUS. 

I  like  thid  twin  form  for  many  rea- 
sons. It  is  quick  of  operation,  gives 
the  bees  comfort  at  all  times,  has  a 
feeder  that  is  easily  made  and  will  not 
leak  or  drown  the  bees,  and  last,  but 
not  least,  the  queen  has  a  contrasting- 
mark    in    returning   from    her   matinsf 


168 


THE  BEfi-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


trip;  which  is  a  point  worth  noting',  for 
I  found  that  queens  that  had  a  mark 
contrasting  from  other  surroundings 
rarely  were  lost,  while  those  that  had 
nothing  but  green  grass  or  weeds  fre- 
quently were. 

TMPROVKD   VENTILATION    AND 
ENTRANCES. 

You  notice  this  black  slide  is  so  con- 
structed as  to  control  three  entrances. 
When  it  is  shoved  to  the  extreme  left, 
as  the  nucleus  box  faces  you,  it  opens 
a  hole  letting  air  into  a  screened  de- 
partment one  and  one  half  by  five  and 
one-half  inches.  This  screen  excludes 
the  bees  but  permits  perfect  ventilation 
while  they  are  confined,  be  it  two 
hours  or  two  days.  When  the  nucleus 
is  where  you  wish  it,  simply  slide  the 
entrance  block  to  the  extreme  right  and 
both  queen  and  bees  can  fly.  After  the 
queen  is  mated,  shove  the  entrance 
block  to  the  center,  and  you  have  a  de- 
partment one  and  one  half  inches  by 
five  and  one-half  inches  screened  by 
queen  excluding  zinc,  so  that  while  the 
bees  have  perfect  passage,  the  queen  is 
confined.  I  find  bees  pass  up  and  doivn 
through  an  excluder  more  readily  than 
sideways,  and  the  more  comfortable  the 
nuclei  the  more  contented  they  will  be. 

These  one  and  one-half  by  five  and 
one-half  inch  departments  are  strong 
screen  and  queen  excluder  raised  upon 
strips  of  one-fourth  by  three-eighths  by 
five  and  one-half  inches  and  opening  so 
as  to  match  their  entrance  in  the  side 
of  the  box. 


By  coupling  two  of  these  two-frame 
nuclei  together  in  one,  we  have  a  box 
six  and  seven-eighths  inches  by  nine 
inches  long,  by  five  inches  deep  with 
partition,  top,  bottom,  and  one  side 
made  of  three-eighths  inch  lumber,  and 
one  side  which  is  made  of  seven-eighths 
inch  lumbe  ,  is  passed  down  over  a 
nine-inch  c'  le  saw  of  one-half  inch 
gauge  to  the  depth  of  two  and  one-half 
or  three  inches. 

A    CHEAP,    SIMPLE   AND   EFFICIENT 
FEEDER. 

By  slipping  into  the  saw  kerf  a  piece 
of  one-half  by  three-eighths  strip  of 
wood  to  the  depth  of  the  saw  kerf,  you 
have  a  double  feeder  that  is  rough  in- 
side so  that  the  bees  will  not  slip  on  it, 
and  does  not  have  to  be  paraffined  in 
order  to  keep  it  from  leaking. 

This  idea  of  a  feeder  I  obtained  from 
Mr.  Root.  To  the  two  covers  are  at- 
tached each  a  pair  of  plain  sections 
four  by  five  by  one  and  three-eighths 
inches,  so  that  thej'  may  be  slipped  in 
and  out  at  will,  thus  giving  easy  ma- 
nipulation of  either  nucleus  separate 
from  and  without  disturbing  the  other. 

These  sections  can  be  reinforced  with 
tin  corners  if  desired. 

This  makes  a  strong,  well-n.ade  box 
that  excludes  rain  quite  readily,  is 
practical  in  all  details,  and  costs,  at 
present  prices  of  material,  twenty-five 
cents  each  to  construct,  where  one  hun- 
dred or  more  are  made  at  once  pro- 
viding proper  machinerj'  is  used. 

Madison,  Wis.,  Jan.  8,  1906 


>>^>^^''r^^m,'^<^Jr:^^<:^ 


es  Earl^c 


J.    E.   GRANE. 


TT/HE  best  method  of  controlling  in- 
J-  crease  has  become  a  most  impor- 
tant question  with  a  large  and  increas- 
ing number  of  bee-keepers.  It  might  be 
put    in    atjother  way:     How    shall    we 


control   increase    so    as    to    secure  the 
largest  amount  of  surplus  honey? 

Controlling  increase  is  not  a  simple 
question,  and  is  closely  connected  with 
the  securing  of  surplus    honey,  so  that 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


169 


the  best  method  is  undoubtedly  that 
way,  by  which  we  maj'  secure  the 
largest  amonnt  of  surplus  in  market- 
able shape.  Swarminf;-  appears  to  be 
a  strong  natural  instinct  that  mani- 
fests itself  under  certain  favorable  con- 
ditions.      There    are    three    principle 

conditions,  usuall3'  presen  '.  in  natural 

•I. 
swarming,  viz: 

1.  An  abundance  of  n  .ney  in  the 
hive,  and  nectar  in  the  fields. 

2.  A  populous  colony  with  a  queen. 

3.  An  abundance  of  brood. 

There  are  also  minor  conditions  that 
tend  to  promote  swarming,  such  as, 
superseding  a  queen;  small  brood 
chamber;  lack  of  ventilation;  etc. 
There  are  also  minor  conditions  that 
tend  to  check  swarming;  such  as  a 
large  brood  chamber,  shade,  etc. 
These  minor  conditions  cannot  of  them- 
selves be  depended  upon,  either  to  pro- 
duce swarming  or  prevent  it. 

CONTROLLING  CONDITIONS. 

But  if  we  can  control  one  or  more  of 
the  principal  conditions,  we  have  the 
matter  largely  in  our  own  hands. 
Thus,  if  we  could  remove  all  honey 
from  the  hive,  and  check  the  flow  of 
nectar  in  the  flowers,  all  swarming 
would  c-iase.  But,  of  course,  we  can 
not  do  all  this:  but  we  can  remove  most 
of  the  honey  from  the  hive,  with  an  ex- 
tractor, and  return  the  empty  combs, 
and  this  alone  will  often  check,  and, 
sometimes,  whoUj'  prevent    swarming. 

However,  for  securing  section  honey, 
this  method  is  quite  impractical. 

Of  the  second  principal  condition,  it 
ma}'  be  said,  that  we  can  remove  a  large 
part  of  the  mature  bees  b}'  moving  the 
hive  to  a  new  location,  the  old  bees  re- 
turning to  the  old  place,  and  this  will 
check,  or  whollj'  prevent,  swarming, 
for  a  time,  or  until  the  hive  is  again 
populous  and  honey  comes  is  freely. 
But  this  checks  the  storing  of  honey, 
both  in  supers  and  the  brood  chamber. 

Again,  we  may  remove  the  queen 
alone  from  the  colony  preparing  to 
sw^rtn,  aq4  all    swarming  will  cease, 


as  soon  as  she  is  missed,  until  a  young 
queen  has  hatched  and  is  strong 
enough  to  fly.  This  way  necessitates 
looking  up  the  old  queen,  and  removing 
all  sealed  queen  cells  when  the  old 
queen  is  removed,  and,  again  eight 
days  later;  as  well  as  the  introduction 
of  a  queen  still  later,  or  the  colony 
will  be  ruined.  If  we  fail  to  remove 
every  queen  cell  when  the  old  queen  is 
removed,  and,  again,  eight  daj^s  later, 
our  plans  will  be  very  liable  to  be 
upset. 

This  looking  up  of  a  queen,  and  the 
cutting  out  of  queen  cells,  often  con- 
sumes a  good  deal  of  time  when  we 
can  ill  afl'ord  to  spare  it.  But  this  way 
is  of  value  in  removing  old  and  worth- 
less queens,  or  for  using  the  queen  for 
starting  nuclei,  early  in  the  season. 
Earl}'  in  the  season  the  removal  of  one 
or  two  combs  of  brood  from  strong  col- 
onies, every  few  days,  will,  for  a  time, 
keep  the  swarming  instinct  under  con- 
trol; while  the  colony  will  remain 
strong    and   able    to    do     good    work. 

The  removal  of  the  queen  is  another 
way  for  removing  or  reducing  the 
amount  of  brood  in  a  hive.  As,  after 
her  removal,  no  more  eggs  are  laid, 
and  in  two  weeks  two-thirds  or  more  of 
all  brood  in  the  hive  will  have 
hatched.  There  being  now  only  a 
small  amount  of  sealed  brood,  with  no 
eggs  or  larvae,  we  find  the  swarming 
instinct  becomes  very  feeble;  a  queen 
may  be  given  them  with  little  or  no 
danger  of  swarming.  I  have  found  it 
easier  to  introduce  young  virigin 
queens,  at  this  time,  than  is  the  case 
with  old  laying  queens,  and  on  some 
accounts  much  to  be  preferred.  Col- 
onies so  treated  will  not,  as  a  rule, 
while  queenless.  work  as  well  as  new 
swarms. 

Another  wa}'  of  manipulating  brood 
so  as  to  control  this  provoking  instinct, 
is  to  remove  all  brood  from  a  hive  as 
soon  as  any  sure  indication  of  swarm- 
ing appears,  or  even  before,  replacing 
all    combis    ot    brood     with    broodlesa 


170 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE"W 


combs  with  or  without  honey  as  most 
convenient;  or,  if  no  such  combs  are  at 
hand  with  foundation. 

This  way  has  the  advantage  that 
colonies  so  manipulated  quickly  get 
over  the  swarming  fever,  and  work  on 
with  renewed  energy;  and,  if  the 
brood  chamber  is  not  too  large,  con- 
tinue work  in  supers  almost  as  though 
nothing  had  happened.  This  method 
has  the  disadvantage,  however,  that 
unless  honey  is  abundant  in  the  fields, 
the  population  soon  dwindles  or  is 
worn  out,  and  it  becomes  too  weak  to 
do  the  best  work.  This  can  be  reme- 
died by  giving  them  young  bees,  or, 
better,  by  giving  them  combs  of  matur- 
ing brood  a  little  later. 

NO  HARD  AND  FAST  METHODS. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  I  am  following 
no  o«^  method  very  closely;  bnt  rather 
try  to  so  manage  as  to  keep  all  colo- 
nies, so  far  as  possible,  busily  at  work 
in  the  supers,  and  yet  get  sufficient  in- 
crease to  keep  my    yards  well  stocked. 

If  you  wish  to  know  how  I  manage, 
just  come  into  one  my  yards  in  the 
midst  of  the  swarming  season,  and 
see  for  yourself.  I  visit  each  yard 
every  eighth  or  ninth  day,  and  hold  a 
bee  convention  as  we  go  from  hive  to 
hive,  although  there  are  but  two  of  us, 
my  helper  and  myself.  You  would 
soon  see  that  I  have  no  royal  road  to 
success  in  controlling  increase,  and, 
not  unfrequently,  meet  with  failure  by 
leaving  some  colonies  too  long  to  their 
own  sweet  way,  or  from  the  peculiarity 
of  some  colony. 

To  be  brief,  I  have,  for  many  years, 
depended  very  largely  upon  the  removal 
of  the  queen  and  all  maturing  queen 
cells,  or  of  combs  of  brood,  either  few 
or  many,  as  circumstances  seemed  to 
require,  replacing  such  with  old  combs 
with  or  without  honey  as  most  con- 
venient, or,  if  the  supply  of  combs  has 
been  exhausted,  with  frames  of  founda- 
tion. Would  prefer  newly  drawn 
combs  fromfoun/!.(tion.     If  •'<  third  full 


ci    good  honey    it   is  no    disadvantage, 
but  rather  a  help. 

Of  course  where  a  colony  is  queen- 
less  for  two  weeks,  a  queen  must  be 
introduced.  For  this  I  use  virgin 
queens,  believing,  as  a  rule,  where  a 
colony  is  expecting  a  virgin  queen  they 
will  accept  of  one  more  readily 
than  a  laying  queen.  Such  has 
been  my  experience.  I  run  them  right 
in  at  the  entrance  without  my  ceremcny 
or  formality.  Occasionally  one  will  be 
lost,  and  then  I  give  the  colony  two  or 
three  combs  of  brood,  and  let  the  bees 
raise  one  for  themselves. 

As  I  have  noticed,  for  the  last  few 
years,  that  strong  colonies  from  which 
1  have  taken  their  brood,  and  replaced 
with  broodless  combs,  have  given  me 
rather  better  results  in  surplus  than 
colonies  under  other  treatment;  or  even 
those  that  have  made  no  preparation 
for  swarming. 

Colonies  not  very  populous,  (and 
there  is  quite  a  difference  even  in  those 
preparing  to  swarm)  we  better  manage 
by  reducing  the  size  of  the  brood  cham- 
ber to  not  more  than  six  dry  combs,  and, 
a  week  later,  giving  them  two  combs  of 
sealed,  just-hatching  brood.  ihere 
will  then  be  little  interruption  of  work 
in  supers. 

An  ideal  way,  perhaps,  would  be  to 
stimulate  all  colonies  by  judicious 
feeding  from  early  May  till  clover 
opens,  and  then  make  half  as  many 
nuclei  as  there  are  old  colonies,  mak- 
ing them  from  the  strongest  colonies 
and  then,  when  swarming  begins, 
build  them  up  into  strong  colonies  with 
brood  taken  from  colonies  preparing 
to  swarm  early  in  the  season.  Even 
then,  some  colonies  whose  brood  you 
have  taken  away  and  replaced  with 
dry  combs  will  be  liable  to  swarm 
later;  and  some  of  the  nuclei  you  have 
built  uj)  into  strong  colonies  will  mani- 
fest the  swarming  instinct  to  3'our 
disgust. 

So  I  know  of  no  other  way  except  to 
examine    once    in    from    seven    to   nine 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   KEVIEW 


171 


days,  and  keep  the  fing'er  right  on  them, 
and  keep  them  in  line  and  bring'  them 
to  time. 

Our  seasons  here  in  Vermont  are 
very  short,  and  we  must  so  manage  as 
to  make  the  most  of  them  by  holding 
the  swarming  instinct  down  to  the 
most  productive  point.  By  manipula- 
tion of  the  principal  conditions  that  pro- 


duce swarming  rather  than  depending 
on  those  minor  conditions  which, 
hereabouts,  at  least  are  very  uncertain. 
And  these  conditions  should  be  so 
m'lnipuhited  as  to  check  the  storing  of 
surplus  as  little  as  possible,  but  rather 
stimulate  them  to  do  their  best. 

MiDDLEBUKY,  Vt,,  Jan.  23,  1006. 


MovliHi^  4®0  Coloimles  to  tlhie  R^sp« 
berr^  IPL©Msoim©  off  MldbWaioio 


W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON. 


iJV-T  the  last  meeting  of  the  National 
■f'i  in  Chicago,  Mr.  K.  F.  Holter- 
mann,  in  speaking  of  migratory  bee- 
keeping, said  that  the  management  of 
one  apiar}'  at  home  was  "play  "  as 
compared  with  moving  bees  about  on 
the  migratory  plan — during  the  last 
three  weeks  this  expression  has  come 
to  me  a  great  many  times.  The  fasten- 
ing of  bees  into  hives,  some  of  which 
are  poorh' adapted  to  that  purpose,  the 
lifting,  loading  and  unloading  of 
heavy  hives,  the  work  at  night,  that 
will  come  sometimes  in  spite  of  ever3'- 
thing,  in  order  to  carry  out  plans  that 
can't  well  be  changed,  the  "leaking" 
of  bees  from  some  crack  or  crevice  that 
has  been  overlooked— well,  I  think  that 
"  strenuous  "  is  the  right  word  to  use 
in  describing  the  life  a  man  leads  who 
does  much  moving  about  of  bees. 

Ifirst  went  to  Plainwell,  the  home  of 
ISIr.  W.  E.  Forbes.  Here  I  had  a  pretty 
easy  time.  The  supers  had  all  been 
prepared  read 3'  to  fasten  on  top  of  the 
hives,  when,  as  soon  as  this  was  done 
and  the  entrance  closed  the  bees  were 
ready  for  shipment.  Four  or  five 
combs  had  been  placed  in  each  super, 
and  fastened,  by  tacking  strips  across, 
so  that    they    could  not   move.     Cross- 


wise of  the  combs,  on  top  of  them,  was 
fastened  a  strip  of  wood  an  inch  and 
one-half  in  thickness,  and  rounded  oft 
at  each  end,  so  that  it  resembled  an 
inverted  cradle  rocker.  Over  all  was 
fastened  a  sheet  of  wire  cloth.  A  super 
thus  prepared  was  fastened  over  each 
hive  by  tacking  strips  of  lath  on  at 
each  corner  of  the  hive.  When  the 
bees  had  stopped  flying  at  night  the 
entrances  were  closed  by  tacking  a 
strip  of  wood  over  each  entrance,  a 
lantern  being  needed  to  finish  this  part 
of  the  work.  The  next  morning  the 
bees  (100  colonies)  were  hauled  to  the 
car  on  hay  racks  with  bolster  springs 
under  them.  As  the  distance  was 
short,  there  was  no  attempt  at  taking  a 
big  load  by  tiering  up  the  hives,  sim- 
ply setting  one  tier  of  hives  all  over 
the  hay  rack. 

HOW    TO    LOAD    BEES    IN    A    CAR. 

A  stock  car  was  used,  and  to  load 
the  bees,  a  row  of  hives  was  set  down 
in  one  end,  the  combs  parallel  with  the 
track.  Six  hives  nearly  completed  the 
row,  and  a  super,  or  covers,  or  some- 
thing of  this  sort,  was  crowded  in  to 
fill  out  the  row.  Two  strips  of  board, 
an  inch  and  one-half  in  width,  were 
then    laid  on  top  of   the  ITives,  length- 


172 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


wise  of  the  row,  and  nailed  fast  to  the 
tops  of  the  hive,  and  to  the  bars  of 
wood  forming  the  side  of  the  car.  On 
top  of  these  strips  of  wood  another 
row  of  hives  was  set  and  nailed  fast. 
Next,  another  row  of  hives  was  set 
down  upon  the  floor  of  the  car,  in  front 


ordinary  box    car    would   be  better    to 
use    in    shipping    bees,    but    when   the 
weatlier  is  liable  to  be  hot  the  open  car 
gives  much  qetter  ventilation 
wati:r   must    be  given    if    bees  are 

r.ONG    CONFINED. 

Mr.  O.  H.  Townsen<]  loaded  a  car  of 


Loading  a  Stock-Car  with  the  Forbes  Bees — 100  Colonies. 


of  the  row  first  put  in,  and  strips  of 
board  put  over  their  tops,  and  another 
row  of  hives  put  on  top  of  the  first  tier. 
Rows  of  hives,  two  tiers  high,  were 
thus  continued  until  the  car  was  half 
full,  when  boards  were  put  up  in  front 
of  them  and  firmly  fastened,  with 
cleats,  to  the  sides  of  c^r.  The  oppo- 
site end  of  the  car  was  filled  with 
empty  hives,  supers,  covers,  honey 
boards,  hive  stands,  etc.  The  car  was 
one  night  and  one  day  on  the  road, 
and  I  think  not  a  hive  changed  its  po- 
sition in  the  car  to  the  extent  of  half 
an  inch.  Perhaps  I  took  unnecessary 
pains  in  loading  and  fastening  the 
hives,  but  better  take  a  little  extra 
trouble,  than  liave  things  of  this  nature 
come  loose  and  tumble  around.  Ear- 
lier  in    the    s-^ason,  T    expect   that]  an 


17.")  colonies,  at  Plain  well,  the  same 
day  that  I  loaded  mine,  and  we  both 
went  on  the  same  train  as  far  as  Reed 
City.  The  Townsend  bees  were  for  the 
Manley  Bros.,  at  Sanilac  Center,  San- 
ilac County,  Mich.  Mr.  Townsend 
loaded  his  bees  in  much  the  same  way 
as  I  did  mine,  except  that  the  upper 
tier  of  hives  was  raised,  on  a  plarform. 
several  inches  above  the  lower  tier,  and 
he  left  an  aisle  down  through  the  center 
of  Uie  car,  which  allowed  him  access 
to  every  colony,  that  he  might  be  able 
to  supply  them  with  water  if  the^- 
needed  it,  as  they  were  likely  to  be  on 
the  car  three  or  four  daj's. 

W^e  left  Plainwell  about  four  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  reaching  Grand  Rap- 
ids about  midnight.  This  was  the 
end  of    a  division,  and    we  had  to  lay 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


173 


over  until  a  new  train  for  the  north 
was  made  up.  Fortunatelj',  the  time 
was  not  very  lonj;^,  but  the  train  was; 
at  least  Mr.  Townsend  and  myself 
thoug^ht  so  when  we  went  back  to  find 
the  caboose  at  the  end  of  the  train. 
We  were  told  which  string  of  cars  to 
follow  back,  and  started  out,  he  carry- 
ing my  grip,  and  I  my  camera,  and  we 
stumbled  ahnig-  in  the  dark,  down  be- 
tween the  rows  of  cars,  until  we  felt 
sure  that  no  train  was  ever  so  long  as 
that.  Once  or  twice  we  were  on  the 
prtint  of    giving   up   and  turning   hack. 


upon  the  cushioned  benches  that  ran 
along  the  sides  of  the  caboose,  and 
pretended  to  sleep  until  daylight  ap- 
peared. Mr.  Townsend  had  com- 
menced work  at  half  past  four  in  the 
morning  of  the  second  daj'  previous, 
worked  all  day  and  all  night,  and  all 
the  next  day,  then  banged  around  in 
the  caboose  all  night,  and,  as  he  sat  up 
and  rubbed  his  eyes  and  back  and 
legs,  and  tried  to  walk,  he  looked,  and 
said,  that  he  "felt  as  though  he  had 
been  run  through  a  threshing  ma- 
chine."    Not   much    "play"    about  it. 


Utk!-3^&^^n&;. 


The  Beginning  of  a  big  Load  of  Bees  on  a  Hay  Rack. 


feeling  sure  there  must  be  some  mis- 
take, when,  at  last,  the  green  lights  of 
the  caboose  beamed  a  kindly  welcome. 
Never  before  did  I  realize  the  immense 
power  there  must  be  in  one  of  those 
large  freight  engines  to  be  able  to  haul 
such  a  string  of  cars.     We  laid    tlown 


At  Reed  Cit3'  I  went  on  north,  while 
his  car  was  switched  to  the  Pere  Mar- 
quette to  go  to  Sanilac  Center,  via. 
Saginaw  and  Port  Huron. 

I  reached  the  end  of  another  division, 
Cadillac,  a  little  before  noon,  and  here 
was  another  wait  of  several  hours  be- 


174 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


fore  there  was  another  train  made  up 
for  the  north.  Travel  on  a  freig^ht 
train  is  slow,  not  so  much  because  the 
train  runs  slowly,  but  of  the  long-  waits 
at  stations  while  the  engine  is  switch- 
ing- cai's,  and  the  longer  waits  at  the 
ends    of   divisions.      At  four  o'clock  I 


.set  down  side  by  side  in  the  bottom  of 
the  rack;  two  strips  of  boards,  an  inch 
and  one-half  in  width,  were  laid  on 
top  of  the  hives,  crosswise  of  the 
wagon,  nailed  fast  to  the  hives,  then 
two  more  hives  set  on  top  of  these 
strips    and    nailed    fast    to  the   strips. 


Unloading  the  Forbes  Bees,  and  Starting  an  Apiary,  Near  South  Boardman. 


went    on,    reaching    South    Boardman, 
Kalkaska  County,  about  7:00  p.  m. 

GETTING     A    BIG     LOAD    OF     BP:ES    ON    A 
HAY  RACK. 

Ne.xt  came  the  moving  of  the  bees  to 
the  location  selected  for  the  apiary, 
near  the  ruins  of  an  old  saw  mill, 
where  had  been  sawed  into  lumber  the 
timber  of  the  surrounding  country, 
thus  creating  the  raspberry  pasturage 
to  which  we  were  bringing  the  busy 
little  liarvesters.  The  distance  was 
four  miles,  and  some  of  the  roads  none 
too  smooth,  hence  the  problem  of  load- 
ing was  all-important.  I  used  an  or- 
dinary hay    rack;  two  hives   were   first 


Two  more  strips. were  then  laid  on  top 
of  the  top  hives,  nailed  last,  and  one 
hive  set  on  top  of  the  strips  and  nailed 
fast  to  them.  A  hive  was  then  set  out 
on  each  "  v\  ing  "  of  the  rack,  letting 
the  inner  ends  rest  against  the  hives 
already  in  place,  and  these  hives  nailed 
fast  to  the  rack  upon  which  they  sat. 
Strips  of  wood  were  then  laid  across 
the  tops  of  the  hives  last  put  in  place, 
nailed  fast,  and  another  hive  set  on 
top  of  each,  letting  the  inner  ends  rest 
iigainst  the  hives  piled  in  the  center, 
and  nailing  them  fast  to  the  strips  of 
wood  upon  which  they  rested.  This 
formed  a  s  )rt  of  pyramid  containing 
nine     liives,     and,     with     eight-fram 


•HIE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


175 


hives,  and  a  16-foot  rack,  it  is  an  easy 
matter  to  put  on  90  hives.  I  put  on 
only  60  on  one  load,  and  40  on  the 
other.  I  did  this  because  the  team  was 
not  heavy  enough  to  haul  a  heavier 
load  over  the  roads  we  had  to  travel, 
and,  besides,  there  were  supers  and 
empty  hives,  light,  but  bulky,  with 
which  to  fill  out  the  loads,  and  this 
stuff  had  to  be  moved. 

It  required  a  day  to  unload  the  car 
and  move  the  bees  and  supplies  to  the 
apiary,  hence,  it  was  three  days  from 
the  time  the  bees  were  shut  in  before 
they  could  be  liberated,  but  they  bore 
the  journey  without  serious  loss.  In 
the    stroncfest    colonies    was     from     a 


at  McBain,  where  we  were  to  move 
about  200  colonies,  scattered  in  three 
apiaries,  to  Pioneer,  some  25  miles 
north  of  McBiiin.  Here  at  Pioneer  is 
where  Elmer  lives,  in  some  old  lumber 
shanties  that  he  has  patched  up,  and 
here  will  be  headquarters  for  this  sum- 
mer, at  least. 

CHAFF  HIVK.S  TOO  BULKY    FOR    PROFIT- 
ABLR    MOVING. 

The  hives  in  the  home  apiary,  at 
McBain,  were  eight-  and  ten-frame 
Langstroth.  At  wloat  was  called  the 
"Cuba  "  yard,  five  miles  south,  there 
were  about  30  colonies  in  single- 
walled  Langstroth   hives,  and  between 


Two  Loads  of  Cavanagh  Bees,  in  Chaff  Hives,  enroute  for  the  Raspberry  Regions. 


handful  to  a  pint  of  dead  bees.  The 
day  that  we  moved  the  bees  in,  was 
quite  warm,  perhaps  80  in  the  shade. 

Next  came  the  moving  of  about  50 
colonies,  some  three  miles,  toth's  same 
spot.  These  50  colonies  were  brought 
up  here  last  fall  by  Mr.  Cavanagh,  and 
wintered  by  burying  them  in  clamps. 
This  accomplished,  I  turned  my  face 
southward,  to  meet  my  brother    Elmer 


.50  and  60  in  Hilton  chafT  hives.  The 
man  who  practices  migratory  bee- 
keeping certainly  does  not  wish  for 
chatf  hives;  44  hives  were  all  we  could 
put  on  two  loads.  To  load  these,  one 
row  of  hives  was  set  down  in  the  bot- 
tom of  the  hay  rack,  two  strips  of 
boards  laid  on,  lengthwise  the  wagon, 
and  nailed  fast  to  the  hives,  then  an- 
yther    row  of    hives  set    on  top  of    that 


176 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


and  nailed  fast  to  the  boards.  A  row 
of  hives  was  then  set  upon  each  "wing" 
of  the  rack,  nailed  fast,  and  a  sort  of 
band  of  boards  put  around  the  whole 
load,  the  boards  being  nailed  together 
at  the  corners  of  the  load. 

SOME  OF  THE  ESSENTIALS  OF  SUCCESS- 
FUL MOVING  Of  bees. 
You  will  notice  that  I  almost  always 
say  that  a  hive  is  "nailed  fast." 
With  ordinary  loads,  and  good  roads, 
this  would  probably  not  be  necessary 
for  short  hauls,  but  with  long  hauls, 
large  loads,  and  rough  roads,  the 
only  safe  plan  is  to  fasten  each  hive  so 
that  it  can't  move;  if  this  is  done,  and 
the  bees  given  plenty  of  ventilation, 
space  above  the  combs  in  which  to 
cluster,  there  is  not  much  danger  of 
loss  unless    the    weather  is  unusually 


hot.  So  far  as  I  know,  not  even  one 
comb  has  been  broken  down  in  moving 
all  of  those  colonies.  I  might  mention, 
however,  that  Mr.  Cavanagh  lost  15 
colonies  in  moving  two  loads  last 
August;  but  the  colonies  were  more 
populous,  and  the  weather  warmer, 
and,  if  I  understood  him  correctly,  he 
left  the  combs  in  the  upper  stories  that 
he  put  on,  which  I  think  was  a  mis- 
take, as  much  of  the  ventilation  is 
thereby  shut  off,  besides,  when  the 
bees  are  excited  and  hot,  their  first 
thought  is  to  get  off  the  combs,  and,  if 
the  upper  and  lower  story  both  are 
filled  with  combs,  thep  can't  do  it,  and 
it  worries  them.  In  hot  weather  it  is 
well  to  have  wire  cloth  and  space  both 
above  and  below  the  combs. 

Flint,  Mich.,  June  11,  1906. 


:=^>7^'T^'%^^r<^j^:€<:f< 


tlhi( 


?rgy 


.iicff'eaise. 


G.    W.    DAYTON. 


N  the  spring  I  keep  right  straight 
ahead,  building  the  colonies  up  as 
strong  as  possible,  without  turning 
aside  to  clip  queens,  tear  down  cells  or 
shake  swarms.  Of  course,  where  one 
colony  is  weak,  but  has  a  good  queen, 
and  anotht^r  colony  is  so  strong  as  to 
be  in  advance  of  the  season,  I  some- 
times exchange  combs  of  brood,  but 
where  the  colonies  go  into  winter  with 
young,  vigorous  queens  there  is  seldom 
much  of  this  to  do.  Yet  there  is  con- 
siderable attention  required  to  get  all 
the  combs  solidly  filled  with  brood. 
Over  abundiince  of  stores  of  honey  in 
the  brood  nest,  a  solid  comb  of  pollen, 
or  an  old  or  moldy  comb  that  the  bees 
are  tearing  down,  may  be  in  such  po- 
sition as  to  retard  the  depositing  of 
eggs  by  the  queen. 


The  first  swarm  which  issues  is 
hailed  with  delight;  and  with  many 
colonies  of  equal  strength  there  will  be 
more  soon  to  follow.  Upon  the  proper 
treatment  of  these  swarms  and  the  old 
colonies  from  which  the  swarms  issue, 
depends  a  large   share  of  our  success. 

The  requisite  amount  of  surplus  re- 
ceptacles and  clustering  space  should 
be  on  the  hives,  and  the  swarms  should 
be  placed  back  where  they  come  from. 
If  the  swarm  issues,  say,  at  eight  or 
nine  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  I  shake 
the  bees  from  the  limb  into  an  empty 
hive-body  having  the  entrance  closed 
and  a  screen  over  the  entire  top  to  give 
plenty  of  ventilation  while  the  bees  are 
confined  in  it.  The  caged  bees  should 
be  set  in  a  shady  place.  After  being 
in    this    box     an    hour   or  so,    or    long 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


177 


enough  to  become  clustered,  I  can 
iisuall3'  raise  the  screen  without  manj' 
bees  taking:  wing  and  cage  the  old 
queen.  Take  the  queen  away  entirely. 
This  will  make  them  very  uneasy. 
Late  in  the  afternoon,  or  after  they 
have  been  in  this  uneasy  state  five  or 
six  hours,  I  raise  one  edge  of  the 
screen  slightl}'  to  allow  the  bees  to  get 
out  slowly  and  return  to  their  old  hive 
of  their  own  accord,  but  queen/ess. 
After  this  short  season  of  confinement 
and  queenlessness  they  will  resume 
work  with  the  energ-y  of  a  natural 
swarm,  and  that  is  the  kind  of  work 
we  want.  If  the  old  queen  is  returned 
with  them  the}'  will  sulk  and  swarm 
again  and  the  queen  would  not  lay 
enough  eggs  to  amount  to  anything  if 
she  were  preserved. 

GETTING     SECOND   SWARMS      OF      ENOR- 
MOUS  SIZE. 

Seven  days  later  the  issuing  of  sec- 
ond swarms  maj'  be  expected.  I  begin 
a  record  of  the  swarming  colonies  so 
as  to  distinguish  between  the  first  and 
second  swarms.  Second  swarms  are 
allowed  to  issue  as  unrestricted  as 
firsts.  Their  energj^  is  wanted  also. 
Second  swarms  are  of  large  size  as 
they  comprise  all  the  bees  which  issued 
with  tiie  first  swarm  and  those  which 
hatched  during  the  intervening  seven 
days.  If  first  swarms  ha\  ing  old  lay- 
ing queens  issue  and  both  kinds  cluster 
together  it  facilitates  the  work,  as  the 
bees  will  soon  ball  all  strange  queens. 
And  all  queens  will  be  strange.  The 
queens  can  easily  be  picked  out  of  the 
balls  and  caged  or  destro^'ed.  Though 
we  will  have  a  somewhat  merry  time 
considerable  of  the  daj',  still  we  can 
devote  our  time  quite  steadily  to  other 
work,  as  it  requires  only  an  hour  or  so 
to  take  care  of  ten  to  twenty  swarms 

Second  swarms  are  caught  in 
screened  hive-bodies  the  same  as  first 
swarms.  Thej'  will  bring  out  virgin 
queens.  These  mixed  swarms  are  re- 
leased the  same  as  V)efore,  except  that 
a  wood-zinc   queen  excluder   is  substi- 


tuted in  place  of  the  screen  to  retain 
any  remaining  queen  should  there  be 
one  which  I  did  not  find  by  search. 
The  bees  usually  get  back  into  their 
respective  hives  the  same  evening  or 
early  the  next  morning  and  go  to  work 
as  industriously  as  if  nothing  had  hap- 
pened. 

After  the  second  swarm  is  all  out, 
and  while  the  bees  are  looking  for  a 
suitable  bush  to  cluster  on,  I  go  to  the 
hive  and  destroy  ever}'  queen  .cell. 
Four  or  five  days  without  a  queen,  or 
any  larvae  from  which  to  rear  one, 
divests  them  of  all  desire  to  swarm. 
Then  I  introduce  a  young  laying 
queen  or  insert  a  ripe  queen  cell,  and 
the  colony  is  in  conditi  on  to  proceed  to 
the  end  of  the  harvest. 

OLD   QUEENS    OF    LITTLE   WORTH  AFTER 
THEIR    COLONIES    HAVE   SWARMED. 

Extra  hives  and  supers  are  not 
needed.  We  have  only  old  colonies, 
all  full  of  bees  and  all  at  work  in  the 
supers  all  the  time,  except  for  a  few 
hours,  and  that  few  hours  of  idleness 
a  real  advantage.  There  are  eleven 
days  during  which  the  swarmed  colon- 
ies must  remain  queenless.  There  can 
be  no  system  with  which  the  queen 
must  not  slacken  her  egg-laj'ing  speed 
for  several  da3's.  If  the  colonies  are 
caused  to  rear  an  equivalent  of  eight 
well-filled  combs  of  brood  before 
swarming,  the  fertility  of  the  queen  is 
so  much  exhausted  that  she  is  of  little 
account  for  the  rest  of  the  season. 
Hived  with  a  swarm  she  is  only  able 
to  maintain  a  colony  sufficient  to  utilize 
a  brood-chamber.  True,  work  pro- 
gresses briskly  when  the  swarm  is 
first  hived  but  that  is  the  energy  of  the 
bees,  not  of  the  queen.  This  work  of 
the  bees  is  of  more  account  in  the  hive 
from  which  they  came  than  anywhere 
else.  The  advancement  becomes  less 
and  less  as  the  old  bees  of  the  swarm 
die  of  old  age.  Some  old  queens  when 
first  hived  will  get  up  a  considerable 
amount  of  brood,  but  that  is  what  I 
choose  to  call  a  dying  effort;  later  there 


178 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


will  be  less  brood  and  the  colony  will 
hardl}'  be  worth  wintering.  We  might 
as  well  try  to  get  a  good  second  crop 
of  peas  on  old  vines,  or  make  hens  lay 
in  August,  as  try  to  get  a  profitable 
colony  with  a  queen  which  has  once 
reached  the  height  of  her  laying  ca- 
pacity. If  she  does  much  after  hiving, 
it  is  nearly  always  because  her  laying 
was  restricted  before  swarming. 

If  the  honey  harvest  lasts  two  months 
or  more,  or  comes  late,  as  in  the  buck- 
wheat localities  of  New  York,  it  may 
give  time  to  increase  the  colonies  and 
get  all  in  good  shape  for  the  harvest. 
But  even  in  such  locations  it  will  re- 
quire only  a  short  time  until  the  num- 
ber of  colonies  reaches  the  extreme 
limit  the  locations  will  support. 

When  increase  by  hising  swarms  is 
desired,  the  queens  of  first  swarms  are 
caged  and  the  cage  left  with  the  con- 
fined bees,  and  the  queen-excluder  is 
put  on  in  place  of  the  screen  as  previ- 
ously. If  the  queen  still  retains  good 
laying  ability  the  bees  will  stay,  biit 
if  the  queen  is  not  of  much  account 
most  of  the  bees  will  return  to  the  old 
hive.  Such  swarms  are  not  worthy 
the  use  of  a  hive.  If  they  stay,  leave 
them  until  thej'  begin  to  construct  sev- 
eral nieces  of  comb.  Then  put  in  the 
frames  of  starters  or  foundation,  but 
compel  the  bees  to  use  the  excluder  as 
a  hive  entrance  for  two  or  three  days 
more,  or  they  may  play  the  trick  of 
coming  out  and  going  to  the  woods. 

That  the  lower  story  may  be  entirely 
occupied  with  brood,  a  half-depth  story 
is  used  over  the  brood  chambers  to 
hold  the  stores  of  honey.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  the  harvest  these  are  ex- 
tracted, and,  on  account  of  their  con- 
taining a  quantity  of  old  honey,  the 
product  is  somewhat  off  color. 

HOW     TO     DETECT     SWARMING     BY     THE 
USE   OF   THE    MEGAPHONE. 

Instead  of  watching  for  swarms  by 
eyesight  I  depend  upon  hearing  nearlj' 
all  the  time,  using  home-made  amplify- 


ing horns  which  increases  the  ordinary 
hum  of  the  apiary  to  the  roar  of  a  rail- 
way train  at  a  distance  of  40  rods. 
Swarms  are  distinguished  by  pitch 
rather  than  by  the  volume  of  sound. 
Out  of  sight  and  hearing  of  the  bees,  a 
cheaply  constructed  telephone  line  is 
necessary,  with  receiving  horns  ar- 
ranged at  the  outlying  points  of  the 
bee  yard. 

(I  was  interested  in  what  Mr.  Dayton 
said  about  discovering  the  issuing  of 
swarms  b3'  the  use  of  a  megaphone, 
and  wrote  him  for  more  particulars. 
Here  is  his  reply. — Ed.  Review.) 

As  to  those  horns  and  telephones 
would  say  that  I  have  only  a  few  make- 
shifts in  that  line.  Yet  they  seem  to 
answer  the  purpose.  One  horn  is  an 
old  retort  I  got  at  a  eucalyptus  oil  fac- 
tory that  was  destroyed  by  fire.  It  is 
about  eight  feet  long  and  tour  feet 
across  at  the  large  end  and  eight  inches 
at  the  small  end.  With  the  small  end 
extending  into  the  extracting  house  I 
can  readily  distinguish  a  swarm  that 
is  too  far  away  to  be  seen  with  the 
eyes,  simply  by  listening  before  it. 
The  swarm  is  detected  from  that  of  the 
other  flying  bees  by  their  peculiar 
roar.  When  a  swarm  has  been  clus- 
tered on  a  bush,  and  begins  to  rise  up 
to  go  to  the  woods  I  know  what  their 
intentions  are  just  as  soon  as  the  first 
few  bees  begin  to  leave  the  cluster,  and 
I  suppose  many  apiarists  do.  I  en- 
close a  picture  of  another  horn  I 
bought  at  a  junk  store  for  50  cents.  It 
went  there  for  the  brass  it  contained. 
I  cut  the  little  end  off  up  to  two  inches 
in  diameter,  or  large  enough  to  take  in 
a  person's  ear.  It  is  30  inches  long, 
and  16  wide  at  large  end.  Then  I 
have  a  small  horn.  Between  every  two 
combs  I  uncapped  I  turned  an  ear  to  a 
horn. 

In  order  to  make  sound  travel  over  a 
wire  it  is  necessary  to  solder  in  a 
sounding  board  or  what  would  corres- 
pond to  the  drum  of  the  human  ear. 
Plainly  described  in  a  common  school 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS    REVIEW 


179 


physiology.  The  wire  is  attached  to 
the  drum  and  travels  to  another  drum 
to  which  it  is  attached  and  the  horn  at 
the  receivinfj  end  prevents  the  sound 
from  scattering-  in  all  directions  excej)t 
to  proceed  out  at  the  open  end.  The 
horn  I  used  on  this  receiving  end  was 
a  tomato  can  with  one  end  open.  If  I 
couldn't  get  anything-  better  I  should 
use  an  ordinary  funnel.  Even  that 
would  increase  tlie  sound  several  times. 
Rut  then,  if  .a  person  has  not  an  ear  for 
music  and  has  had  some  practice,  a 
cart  load  of  horns  may  be  of  no  ac- 
count where  there   is  200  or   300  colon- 


ies. Learn  to  tune  a  violiu.  "How 
far  from  the  apiary?"  Well,  now, 
how  far  away  do  you  place  your 
camera  when  you  take  a  picture  and 
want  the  hives  to  show  as  plainly  as 
possible?  That  is  about  it.  A  horn 
can  take  in  about  as  much  horizon  as  a 
camera — hear  about  everj'thing  the 
camera  can  see.  I  expect  you  are  ex- 
pecting- to  write  editorials,  set  type 
and  watch  the  bees  all  at  once,  and 
that  will  bebeedom  boiled  down  pretty 
thick. 

Chatsworth,  Calif.,  Dec.  16.  1905. 


*»*»••»»»»•■•■*»•»»•»  •»»»*'»*«^*«*«*"»*»»»»^»»^»»*»*«»**'^F*»*^1t»»,»*,»*»^»,^^^^^^»^^r»»^»»»,»,»,^r,»^>i»^^^^» 


fc'^'k**'^***"  m^K^K-f»  rf»^  « 


Waiting  for  cuts  to  go  with  the  article 
on  moving  bees  makes  this  issue  late. 


t*ydK^^^^m*,M^ 


Tearing  a  colon}'  all  to  pieces,  so  to 
speak,  by  extracting-  the  hone}-,  really 
has  a  tendenc}'  to  produce  swarming, 
so  says   R.  F.  Holtermann,  of   Ontario. 


fc»-»,»k»»»»»u» 


Queens,  to  the  number  of  3,009  were 
sold  last  3'ear  by  J  P.  Moore,  of  Mor- 
gan, Ky.,  and  he  was  not  able  to  sup- 
ply the  demand.  He  is  now  making  a 
large  addition  to  his  queen  rearing- 
apiary. 

Harry  Lathrop  writes:  "The  article  of 
S.  D.  Chapman,  in  the  March  Review, 
and  3'our  reply  to  the  same,  constitute, 
I  think,  the  best  bee  literature  I  ever 
read — but,  from  mj'  point  of  view,  Mr. 
Chapman  has  the  best  of  it." 

The  Rural  Bee- Keeper  for  May  comes 
out  with  its  cover  printed  in  two  colors. 
By  the  way,  Bro.  Putnam  caller  it  the 
Review  office  recently,  but  tlit  ditor 
was  in  Northern  Michigan  and  iin  sed 
the  pleasure  of  a  fraternal  visit. 


Mr.  J.  C.  Acklin,  of  St.  Paul,  Manager 
for  the  A.  I.  Root  Co.,  while  delivering 
some  bees  in  Highwood,  a  suburb  of 
St.  Paul,  was  stricken  with  apoplexy 
from  which  he  died  the  following 
morning.  May  26lh.  Mrs.  H.  G.  Ack- 
lin, who  in  former  years  was  in  active 
management  of  the  agenc)',  resumes 
charge  again,  and  the  business  will  be 
continued  as  usual.  An  able  assistant 
who  has  for  years  done  a  large  share 
of  the  work,  is  still  in  service,  and 
orders  will  be  promptly  cared  for. 

Swarming  and  its  prevention  was  dis- 
cussed last  fall  at  the  Ontario  conven- 
tion, and  Mr.  R  F.  Holtermann  said 
that  he  prevented  it  largely  by  using 
large  hives,  g^iving  abundant  super 
room,  a  generous  entrance,  and  shad- 
ing the  hives.  In  addition,  he  venti- 
lated the  supers,  which  he  considered 
very  important.  Mr.  Saunders  prac- 
ticed taking  three  combs  of  brood  from 
a  colony  found  starting  queen  cells,  re- 
placing them  with  two  sheets  of  foun- 
dation and  one  drawn  comb  the  re- 
moved combs  of  brood  being  \\.<ec^  in 
building  up  increase. 


180 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


The  Progressive  Bee-Keeper  and  its 
editor,  R.  B.  Leah_v,  are  no  more.  Mr. 
Leahy  was  only  48  years  old,  but  he 
had  been  in  poor  health  for  more  than 
a  year,  and  he  passed  away  April  14. 
The  Progressive  has  been  sold  to  H. 
B  Wright,  of  Topeka,  Kansas,  who 
will  combine  it  with  a  journal  called 
the  Helpful  Hen. 

E.  M.  Wessels,  Wooler,  Ontario,  has 
an  apiary  across  the  road  from  an 
evaporator,  and  in  the  fall  thousands 
of  his  bees  are  destroyed  in  the  oeel- 
ings — one  basket  of  peelings  being 
dumped  upon  the  bees  where  they  are 
at  work  upon  the  last  emptied  basket- 
ful. He  also  considers  the  juice  that 
the  bees  bring  home  as  detrimental  in 
the  wintering  of  the  bees.  He  wishes 
to  know  if  he  can  compel  the  owner  of 
the  evaporator  to  build  a  shed  in  which 
to  dump  the  peelings.  I  am  not  a 
lawyer,  but  I  doubt  if  he  can.  Would 
be  g'ad  to  hear  from  any  one  who  can 
speak  with  some  authority. 


^M'm^tiira'  «H*  • 


The  Advanced  Bee  Veil,  sold  by  A.  G. 
Woodman  &  Co.,  of  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  is  something  that  I  have  worn 
with  great  comfort  during  the  last  two 
weeks.  It  is  really  the  same  thing  as 
was  described  in  the  Review  years 
ago,  the  invention  of  Mr.  Porter  of  bee 
escape  fame.  The  peculiar  feature  of 
the  veil  is  that  its  edge  is  held  firmly 
down  upon  the  shoulders,  cituay  from 
the  neck.  With  a  veil  tucked  inside  the 
collar,  angry  bees  always  seem  to  have 
the  unhappy  faculty  of  stinging  the 
neck  where  it  comes  in  contact  with 
the  veil — with  the  Advanced  Bee  Veil 
this  is  entirely  avoided,  as  the  veil  . 
does  not  come  in  contact  with  the  neck. 
We  also  avoid  that  hot,  suflfocating 
feeling  that  comes  from  having  the  veil 
tucked  close  around  the  neck,  inside 
the  collar — such  a  relief  ! 


most  important.  Harry  Lathrop  and 
the  editor  of  Gleanings  discuss  this 
point  in  a  recent  issue  of  that  journal, 
and  both  agree  that  the  securing  of 
proper  help  is  the  hardest  problem  in 
managing  bees  in  large  numbers.  I 
think  all  who  have  tried  managing  sev- 
eral apiaries  have  found  the  "help" 
problem  the  hardest  to  solve.  At  the 
last  meeting  of  the  Northern  Michigan 
Association,  at  Kalkaska,  some  one 
was  criticising  some  of  the  methods 
employed  by  Mr,  E.  D  Townsend,  and 
his  repl3'  was  very  significant.  He 
admitted  that  other  methods  might  be 
better  for  the  man  who  was  doing  his 
own  work,  or  could  oversee  it,  but  he 
(Townsend)  was  developing  a  system 
that  could  be  turned  over  to  ordinary 
tiired  help. 


^r^r  •uf'tF^W^^ 


k^a»«,va«  s'^i^ 


J   curmg  Help  for  the  manngement  of 
large  numbers    of    bees    is    certinrly 


M.  A.  Gill,  of  Colorado,  writes  an  ex- 
cellent article  (the  kind  he  always 
writes)  and  sends  it  to  Gleanings,  in 
which  he  advocates  plain  Langstrolh 
(Dovetailed)  hives  and  Hoffman  frames. 
Down  at  the  St.  Louis  convention,  last 
fall,  Mr.  W.  L.  Coggshall,  of  New 
York,  was  bantering  me  over  some 
idea  of  mine  with  which  he  did  not 
exactly  agree,  but  he  wound  up  his 
harangue  with  "but  you  are  all  sound 
on  the  frame  question."  Now  here 
are  two  men,  good  men,  owning  and 
managing  hundreds  of  colonies,  yet 
one  condemns  the  Hoffman  style  of 
frames,  and  the  other  approves  it.  One 
lives  in  New  York  and  produces  ex- 
tracted honey,  the  other  in  Colorado, 
and  is  a  comb  honey  man.  Most  of 
the  400  colonies  in  Northern  Michigan 
are  on  Hoffman  frames,  and  I'll  prob- 
ably have  an  opportunity  to  think  more 
(or  less)  of  them  before  the  season  is 
over. 

The  Changeableness  of  Honey  Resources. 

Very  few  of  the  hone^'  resources  re- 
main the  same,  for  a  long  term  of 
years,  in  the  same  locality.  Probably 
white  clover   comes  as  near    doing  this 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


181 


as  any  of  the  hone^'  plants.  The  sag^es 
that  grow  in  the  mountain  canyons  of 
California  ha\e  furnished  honey  for 
many  years,  and  probably  will  con- 
tinue to  do  so,  as  the  steepness  of  the 
mountain  sides  prevents  their  being- 
plowed  up.  The  same  might  be  said  of 
the  clover  upon  the  hillsides  of  old  Ver- 
mont; but,  in  many  sections  of  the 
countrj',  the  sources  of  the  honey  supply 
a.-econtinuallj'  shifting.  For  instance, 
in  some  parts  of  northern  Michigan 
the  basswoods  once  furnislied  bounti- 
ful harvests  of  iione}';  then  came  the 
lumberman's  ax<'  and  cut  them  away. 
In  their  wake  came  the  raspberry 
which  furnishes  a  larger  and  surer 
harvest;  but  it  is  only  a  question  of 
time  when  the  farmers'  plow  will  r.  ot 
out  the  berries,  and  their  place  will  be 
taken  by  the  clover  that  even  now 
comes  creeping  in. 

In    some    parts  of    New    York  buck- 
wheat is  now  the  main  source  of  honey 


supply — what  it  was  years  ago  I  don't 
know — possibl3'  basswood  and  clover. 

In  many  parts  of  the  West,  irriga- 
tion was  followed  by  the  cultivation 
of  immense  fields  of  alfalfa,  from 
which  the  bee-keeper  has  reaped  a 
bounteous  crop;  but  the  tendency,  of 
late,  on  the  part  of  the  farmer,  to  cut 
the  alfalfa  early,  is  lessening  the  yield 
of  honey,  and  the  outcome  is  some- 
what uncertain. 

A  new,  or  timbered,  country  always 
furnishes  different  sources  of  honey 
than  abound  after  the  country  is  cleared . 
Civilization  brings  the  fruit  bloom,  the 
alsike  and  white  clover,  the  buckwheat, 
the  sweet  clover,  etc. 

The  bee-keeper  who  expects  to  suc- 
ceel  must  study  all  of  these  thing's  and 
govern  his  action  accordingly.  Don't 
buy  land,  and  put  up  expensive, 
special  building,  cellars,  etc.,  in  a 
locality  where  the  pasturage  is  likely 
to    pass  away  in  a  few  years. 


EXTRACTED  DEPARTMENT. 


SHOOK  SWARMING. 


How  to  Avoid  Swarming-Out  and  Some 
Other  Difficulties. 


The  season  is  now  here  when  shook 
swarming  is  put  into  [practice,  and  it 
is  well  to  consider  some  of  the  difiHcul- 
ties  to  be  overcome.  One  is  that  of 
swarming-out.  Mr.  Stachelhausen,  of 
Texas,  is  the  pioneer  and  introducer  of 
this  plan  into  America,  and  probabl}' 
understands  all  of  the  ins  and  outs  of 
the  proceeding  better  than  any  one 
else  in  this  country,  hence,  it  is  with 
much  gratification  that  I  copy  from 
Gleanings  an  article  of  his  on  this  sub- 
ject.    Mr.  Stachelhausen  says: 


By  reading  different  bee-journals 
I  find  that  a  few  things  in  making 
these  artificial  swarms  are  not  proper- 
ly   understood     by    some    bee-keepers. 

For  this  reason  it  will  not  be  out  of 
place  to  say  a  few  words  more. 

1.  There  is  no  agreement  about  the 
time  when  a  shaken  swarm  shall  be 
made.  Some  say  it  can  be  made  as 
soon  as  the  colony  is  strong  enough; 
others  advise  waiting  till  queen-cells 
are  started;  and  the  editor,  page  527, 
even  thinks  the  absconding,  which 
sometimes  happens  with  such  swarms, 
may  be  caused  by  shaking  a  colony 
when  there  was  no  indication  or  desire 
to  swarm  in  the  old  colony.  Whether 
we  shall  wait  for  queen  cells  or  not 
depends  on  circumstances.  If  we  have 
a  strong  colony  in  a  large  hive,  there 
is  no  reason  why  a  shaken  swarm 
could  not  be  shaken  successfully, 
queen  cells  or  none.  I  have  made  hun- 
dreds of  such  swarms  without  waiting 
for  queen-cells.  If  we  work  for  ex- 
tracted honey,  iind  want  some  increase. 


182 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


the  swarm  can  be  made  as  soon  as  the 
colony  is  strong-  enouj^h.  But  suppose 
we  work  for  comb  honey  and  keep  our 
colonies  in  small  hives  (eig^ht-frame 
Langstroth).  We  have  given  a  sec- 
tion super,  and  probably  the  bees  have 
already  commenced  to  work  in  the  sec- 
tions. At  such  times  we  should  prob- 
ably get  more  section  honey  from  this 
colony  if  it  would  not  swarm  at  all. 
For  this  reason  the  proper  way  will  be 
to  wait  till  the  colony  makes  prepara- 
tion to  swarm,  and  as  we  do  not  want 
natural  swarms  we  make  one  artifici- 
ally because  a  natural  swarm  would 
come  out  a  few  days  afterward  any- 
how. 

But  in  my  opinion  it  is  better  to  use 
a  larger  brood  chamber  in  the  spring, 
because  we  will  raise  a  much  stronger 
colony  in  it  wilh  less  work  than  in 
these  small  hives.  When  the  honey- 
flow  commences  we  make  the  shaken 
swarm,  no  matter  whether  queen-cells 
are  started  or  not,  ^nd  hive  it  in  a 
small  brood-nest  (six-frame  Langs- 
troth  size),  and  give-  the  section  supers 
to  this  swarm.  Generally  these  col- 
onies in  large  hives  are  not  inclined  to 
swarm,  consequently  it  is  out  of  the 
question  to  wait  for  queen-cells.  The 
shaking-  of  the  bees  here  is  not  for  the 
purpose  of  anticipating  swarming,  as 
in  the  former  case,  but  to  force  the  bees 
into  the  sections  by  a  contracted  brood- 
nest  without  combs.  This  leads  us  to 
another  question. 

2.  Shall  the  shaken  swarm  be  hived 
on  drawn  combs,  full  sheets  of  founda- 
tion, or  on  starters? 

About  18  years  ago  W.  Z.  Hutchin- 
son published  a  little  book  in  which  he 
described  his  experiments  in  hiving 
swarms  on  combs,  foundation,  or 
starters  if  worked  for  comb  honey,  and 
at  that  time  this  little  book  settled  the 
question  that  it  is  more  profitable  to 
hive  swarms  on  starters  only  in  a  con- 
tracted brood-chamber  than  in  any 
other  way,  and  the  reason  was  given 
why  it  is  so.  As  this  is  true  now  just 
as  well  as  eighteen  years  ago,  and  just 
as  well  for  artificial  swarms  as  for 
natural  ones,  it  seems  there  could  be 
no  doubt  if  comb  honey  is  to  be  pro- 
duced. Nevertheless,  there  is  room  for 
a  question.  By  the  use  of  starters  in 
the  brood-nest  a  small  amount  more  of 
section  honey  may  be  secured  than  by 
the  use  of  full  sheets  of  foundation; 
but  in  the  later  case  nicer  all-worker 
combs  can  be  secured  without  any  loss 
of  time  and  labor.  For  this  reason,  at 
certain  times  it  may  be  more  profitable 


to  use  full  sheets  of  foundation  in  the 
brosd-nest.  Every  bee-keeper  has  to 
decide  this  question  for  himself.  The 
use  of  drone  combs  is  alwajs  a  loss 
except,  perhaps,  when  extracted  honey 
is  produced,  and  even  then  I  would  not 
allow  it. 

The  use  of  empty  combs  or  full  sheets 
of  foundation  has  no  influence  on  the 
fact  that  sometimes  natural  or  shaken 
swarms  come  out  and  abscond 

3.  This  swarming-out  of  shaken 
swarms  on  one  of  the  following  days, 
or  of  starting  queen-cells  on  a  comb  of 
brood  g-iven  to  them,  is  the  most  fre- 
quently' raised  objection  to  these 
shaken  swarms. 

If  we  shake  or  brush  all  the  bees  of 
a  colony  with  the  queen  into  a  hive  and 
set  it  on  a  new  stand  the  old  bees  will 
return  to  the  parent  hive  on  the  old 
stand;  and  as  such  a  swarm,  contain- 
ing young  bees  only,  will  never  think 
of  swarming  out  or  starting  queen- 
cells,  we  can  give  to  this  swarm  capped 
or  uncapped  brood.  If  the  same 
swarm  is  set  on  the  old  stand,  and  the 
parent  colony  on  the  the  new  one,  the 
bees  act  differently.  The  old  bees  re- 
turning from  the  field,  and  finding  a 
nearly'  empty  brood-chamber,  are  very 
uneasy;  and  if  the  swarming  impulse 
is  already  incited  they  will  very  prob- 
ably swarm  out  or  make  preparation 
to  swarm.  Some  of  the  old  bees  may 
enter  neighboring  hives  and  unite  with 
them;  even  the  queen  maj'  be  killed  in 
the  general  disturbance.  To  avoid 
this,  at  least  one  frame  of  mostly  un- 
sealed brood  should  be  given  to  the 
swarm.  This  will  keep  the  colony 
together. 

Whether  this  frame  of  brood  can  re- 
main with  the  swarm  depends  on  cir- 
cumstances. Some  races  or  strains  of 
bees  are  more  inclined  to  swarm  than 
others.  In  some  localities  the  bees 
swarm  considerably  more  than  in 
others.  Some  years  are  more  favor- 
able for  swarming  than  others.  Last, 
but  not  least,  if  the  colonies  are  al- 
ways kept  in  small  hives  they  are  more 
inclined  to  swarm  than  if  large  hives 
are  used  during  development  of  the 
colony  and  during  swarming  time.  At 
such  times,  which  are  favorable  for 
swarming,  a  large  part  of  the  shaken 
swarms,  if  we  let  them  alone,  will 
swarm  out  or  will  make  preparations 
to  swarm,  and  refuse  to  do  much  work. 
If,  besides  the  brood,  some  honey  is 
given  to  the  shaken  swarm  the  prob- 
ability of  swarming  out  is  still  great- 
er; and  if  the    old  colony    has   already 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


183 


started  queen-cells  the  shaken  swarm 
is  nearl}'  sure  to  svvarinout.  To  avoid 
all  this  the  brood  comb  must  be  re- 
moved the  next  morning^  after  making^ 
the  swarm,  and  then  we  shall  have  no 
more  trouble. 

At  other  times,  if  the  bees  are  not  in- 
clined to  swarm,  the  brood-comb  can 
be  left  with  the  swarm;  but  the  swarm 
should  be  examined  the  follovvinju:^  day. 
If  some  cells  are  built  of  the  worker 
size,  everj'thinj^  will  i^o  all  right;  but 
if  the  swarm  did  not  build  at  all,  or 
made  some  drone  combs,  the  brood 
must  be  removed  at  once  or  the  colony 
will  swarm  out  soon. 

4.  Sometimes  the  reason  for  swarm- 
ing out  is  that  the  hive  is  too  small  for 
the  swarm,  and  is  overheated  by  the 
uneasiness  of  the  bees.  This  ma}'  be 
so  if  we  give  a  contracted  brood-nest, 
and  over  a  queen-excluder  a  section- 
super.  P^or  this  reason  we  should 
give  a  full-sized  brood-nest  at  first, 
and  contract  it  afterward  when  the 
bees  have  commenced  to  build  combs. 
If  divisible  brood  chambers  are  used 
we  should  at  first  have  an  empty  stor}' 
under  the  one  which  the  swarm  will 
have  permanently,  and  this  empt}' 
stor}'  should  be  removed  the  next  day, 
when  the  bees  have  settled  down  to 
business. 

5.  It  is  said  that,  by  shaking^  the 
bees  in  front  of  the  hive,  they  crawl  in 
the  grass  and  up  one's  trowsers  legs, 
resulting  in  more  or  less  stings  and 
inconveniences. 

This  can  easily  be  avoided  if  we 
shake  and  brush  the  bees  di recti}'  into 
the  hive.  We  set  the  hive  with  the 
frames  on  its  stand,  and  on  top  of  it 
an  empty  hive-body.  Into  this  we 
shake  or  brush  the  bees,  and  not  in 
front  of  the  hive.  It  is  not  necessary 
that  a  single  bee  fall  outside  of  this 
hive. 

6.  If  we  make  a  number  of  shaken 
swarms  in  one  of  our  yards  we  avoid 
shaking  two  colonies  close  together. 
If  this  should  be  necessary  we  work, 
after  shaking  the  first  colon}',  in  an- 
other part  of  the  apiary  till  the  first- 
made  swarm  has  quieted  down  some- 
what. 

I  think  I  have  explained  everything 
which  could  caus'^  a  failure  in  making 
shaken  swarms.  I  have  had  much  gen- 
eral success  with  these  swarms  for  2.S 
years,  and  have  describe<l  the  way  I 
make  them  as  plain  as  I  was  able  tu 
do,  so  that  I  can't  understand  why 
others  report  failures  with  this  kind  of 
swarms. 


SWARMING  AND  INCREASE. 


A  Method  That  is  Easily  Followed  in  the 
Home  Apiary. 


Since  I  have  commenced  the  estab- 
lishing of  out-apiaries,  how  differently 
some  of  the  instructions  and  methods 
strike  me.  As  I  read  s  )me  article,  how 
often  the  thought  comes,  "That's  all 
right  in  a  home  yard,  but  it  is  'no 
good'  in  an  out-apiary.'"  However, 
as  an  editor,  I  must  remember  that 
most  of  the  apiaries  are  home-apiaries, 
and  methods  appropriate  for  use  in 
such  apiaries  are  of  interest  to  the  ma- 
jority. Just  at  present,  swarming  and 
control  of  increase  are  of  special  in- 
terest, and,  if  bees  are  allowed  to 
swarm,  as  in  many  cases  they  are,  a 
most  excellent  plan  is  that  given  by 
Mr.  E.  A.  Morgan,  of  South  Dakota. 
In  the  Farmer,  of  last  November,  he 
gives  the  plan  wh»ch  is  as  follows: 

I  have  never  been  an  advocate  of 
the  non-swarming  methods.  In  my 
book  (Bee-Keeping^  for  Profit)  page  Ih, 
it  reads,  '"I  consider  swarming  an  ad- 
vantage and  it  should  be  encouraged 
rather  than  discouraged.  The  secret 
is  in  hiving  in  such  a  manner  tha^ 
storing  goes  on  during  the  -vhule  honey- 
gathering  season." 

During  swarming  is  the  proper  time 
to  select  choice  queens,  \vhen  a  swarm 
starts,  they  have  in  the  hive  from  six 
to  twelve  queen  cells  built  and  capped 
over.  These  are  large  and  long,  and 
being  built  in  a  strong  colony  prepar 
ing  to  swarm,  they  have  an  abundant 
supply  of  royal  jelly  inside  which 
gives  strength  and  long  life  to  the 
queens  that  hatch  from  them.  (Mieens 
hatched  from  Ifjcsc  cell*'  hnve  j^r/^ater 
vigor,  strength  a:id  endurance  than 
those  built  in  nuclei  with  few  bees, 
containing  only  a  scant  amount  of 
royal  jelly  in  the  cells.  Often  chilled 
before  hatching,  tlie  queens  are  weak 
and  short  lived. 

To  save  the  foi  rn-T  I  allow  -i:-:-:--)  io 
remain  until  the  -■  irm  issues:  rhen 
while  the  bees  are  '>,  the  air  1  .-.(.-t  ^'le 
hive  off  the  stand    "id    place   ♦!  ..  ne.-. 


184 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


hive  where  it  stood,  placing^  the  queen 
at  the  entrance.  The  bees  will  soon 
find  her  and  return.  When  perhaps 
one  quarter  have  entered  the  new  hive, 
I  release  the  queen  and  let  her  run  in 
and  soon  the  whole  swarm  is  back  in 
the  new  hive  on  the  old  stand. 

I  have  now  not  only  the  swarm  that 
issued  in  this  hive,  but  I  have  all  the 
flying  bees  from  the  old  hive  which  I 
carry  to  a  new  location,  and  within 
twelve  hours  most  of  the  old  bees  have 
left  it  and  returned  to  the  old  location. 
They  have  the  old  queen  and  virtually 
all  the  working-  force  of  the  two 
swarms,  and  are  in  shape  to  do  big- 
work.  They  have  g-ained  that  impetus 
for  work  acquired  only  by  swarming 
out. 

Now  w^  return  to  the  old  hive;  we 
find  the  honey  and  brood  and  those 
choice  queen  cells  with  enough  young 
and  hatching  bees  to  keep  them  warm. 
We  leave  them  in  eight  days,  in  v\hich 
time  the  mature  brood  is  hatching  rap- 
idl3'.  On  the  eighth  day  divide  this 
old  colony  up  into  five  nuclei,  giving 
each  two  frames  of  brood  and  hone3', 
with  one  of  these  big  queen  cells. 
Place  them  in  regular  sized  hives, 
close  up  to  one  side  with  division 
board,  and  place  on  separate  stands. 
These  queens  will  hatch  and  be  laying 
in  ten  days.  Build  them  up  as  fast  as 
other  hives  swarm  by  giving  combs  of 
broud  from  tliem,  and  treating  the 
swarm  same  as  above  mentioned. 

By  using  judgment  in  saving  choice 
cells  from  the  best  honey  gatherers, 
making  nuclei  enough  to  receive  the 
combs  of  brood  from  undesirable 
stocks,  we  can  double  our  stocks  each 
season  and  still  produce  as  large  a 
honey  crop  as  in  the  no-increase  sys- 
tem. We  will  have  also  a  choice  lot  of 
young  queens,  many  of  which  having  a 
full  set  of  frames  of  hatching  brood 
given  them,  will,  if  made  early,  be 
ready  to  fill  a  super  or  a  set  of  frames 
for  extracting. 

For  those  wishing  no  increase  of 
stocks,  I  <vould  still  practice  this  plan 
of  hiving-,  but  instead  of  making 
nuclei,  I  would  pile  up  the  hive  bodies 
of  brood  five  high,  until  a  queen  was 
laying.  Then  remove  four  of  the  upper 
ones,  leaving  the  queen,  and  returning 
bees  to  the  lower  one,  giving  the  others 
one  each  on  top  of  extracting  hives  to 
have  the  combs  filled  with  honey  as 
fast  as  clear  of  brood. 

It  is  always  best  to  rear  a  few  dozen 
young  queens  each  season  to  be  used 
in   the    apiary,   as    old    and    worthless 


ones  can  be  superseded  in  the   fall   to 
advantage. 


ENTHUSIASM. 


Can  an  Old  Man  Retain  It? 


In  the  last  few  years  I  have  found 
myself  watching  men  who  are  my 
senior,  and  wondering  if  I  would  ever 
fall  into  the  listless,  placid,  non-pro- 
gressive state.  The  same  kind  if 
clothes,  the  same  style  of  collar,  the 
same  kind  of  a  "hair  cut,"  or  (the  lack 
of  It)  the  same  routine  da^'  after  day, 
witli  no  heed  or  care  for  the  wonder- 
dorful  ne7t>  things  that  are  springing 
up  on  every  hand.  Enthusiasm  dead. 
To  me  the  picture  bordered  upon  the 
sad  and  sorrowful.  I  felt  as  though  I 
must  retain  the  enthusinsm  of  my 
youth,  or  life  would  lose  its  chiefest 
chai  m  I  felt  that  it  was  not  necessary 
to  thus  drop  back  into  the  chimney 
corner,  and  one  illustration  of  the  cor- 
rectness of  my  belief  always  come  to 
me  in  the  person  of  Dr.  C.  C.  Miller, 
hence  it  was  with  unusual  pleasure 
that  I  read  the  following  in  his  "Stray 
Straws''  in  Gleaning: 

"Is  it  not  a  fact  that,  the  older  we 
grow,  the  less  inclined  we  are  to  adopt 
new  devices?"  So  ye  editor,  p.  579, 
Y — e — es,  as  a  general  rule.  As  years 
advance,  interest  gradually  fades  in 
all  directions.  The  cooking  of  today 
is  not  up  to  what  mother's  cooking 
used  to  be.  Old  ways  are  better,  and 
anj'  deviation  from  the  old  ways  is 
looked  upon  with  suspicion.  But  are 
not  bee-keepers  an  exception  to  the 
general  rule?  Todaj*  I  was  out  look- 
ing at  the  bees  bus}'  on  the  dandelions 
and  plum  blossoms.  I  think  I  watched 
them  with  just  as  keen  interest  as  I 
did  45  years  ago.  I  think  I  take  just 
as  keen  interest  now  in  studying  up 
something  new  as  I  did  then.  My 
assistant  complains  bitterlj'  at  my 
wanting  to  try  so  many  new  things 
that  may  interfere  with  the  honey  crop. 
A  queen-cage  that  a  certain  old  fogy- 
ish  editor  still  retains  I  have  cast 
aside  for  something  new,  and  many  a 
half-hour  is  spent  studying  over  some 
new  plan.     No,  it  is  hardly  a  fact  that 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


185 


the  older  he  grows,  the  less  inclined 
the  genuine  bee-keeper  is  to  adopt  new 
devices. 

Commenting  upon  the  foregoing  edi- 
tor Koot  says: 

"  I  began  active  bee-keeping  in  our 
yards,  and  to  study  bee-journals,  when 
I  was  14.  I  am  now  nearly  44.  Dur- 
ing these  30  years  I  have  had  an  oppor- 
tunit}'  to  studj'  bee-keepers  both  at 
INIedina  and  those  in  various  parts  of 
the  country,  coming  into  face-to-face 
contact  with  them,  and  if  I  am  any 
judge  your  last  sentence  is  hardly  in 
harmony  with  the  facts.  Bee-keeping 
is  not  so  much  different  from  any  other 
profession  or  business  that  it  will 
change  the  natural  tendency  in  human 
nature  to  grow  conservative  with  years. 
This  ia  a  proposition  that  we  can 
hardly  gainsay,  I  am  not  an  old  man 
by  considerable;  but  I  find  myself  be- 
coming more  and  more  skeptical  in  re- 
gard to  the  value  of  new  things.  You 
may  not  think  it;  but  if  you  could  see 
the  number  of  things  1  turn  down,  and 
the  way  some  of  my  friends  complain 
of  how  I  pour  cold  water  on  some  of 
their  inventions  that  never  see  the 
printed  page,  yon  would  begin  to  think 
that,  from  their  standpoint  at  least,  I 
was  getting  to  be  an  old  fogy.  The 
time  was,  perhaps,  when  I  was  ready 
to  nibble  at  nearly  every  bait  that 
came  along;  but  I  hope  I  am  not  quite 
so  easy  as  that  now.  So  jou  see  I 
can't  help  judging  you  by  myself;  and. 
honest,  now,  don't  you  find  yourself 
clinging  to  the  old  true  and  tried  more 
than  you  once  did  ?  Peer  agahi  into 
the  archives  of  memory. 

I  agree  with  Editor  Root  that  we  are 
more  inclined  to  turn  down  new  inven- 
tions as  we  grow  older,  but  I  attribute 
that  to  the  increase  of  wisdom,  and  not 
to  a  lack  of  enthusiasm.  I  know  that  I 
am  following  bee-keeping  now  with  an 
enthusiasm  equal  to  that  of  30  years 
ago,  and  I  feel  that  enthusiasm  will 
last  30  years  more  should  I  last  that 
long. 

A  man  is  always  just  as  old  as  he 
thinks  he  is.  If  he  thinks  bright, 
happy,  cheerful,  enthusiastic  thoughts, 
he  will  remain  young.  We  are  crea- 
tures of  habit,  and  if  we  get  intothe 
habit  of  feeling  old,  and  acting  old, 
and  losing  interest  in  things,  we  will 
be  old  before  we  know  it. 


Three-and  Five-Banded  Italian    and 
Carniolan 


as  good  as  the  best  and  ready  to  ship 
now.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Un- 
tested, 50  cts. ;  tested,  75  cts, 

C.  B.  BANKSTON,   Milano,  Tex. 

3-06-tf 


PURE  ITALIAN  BEES 

The  most  beautiful,  gentle,  prolific,  best  work- 
ing, and  being  long-tongutd,  liest  honey-gather- 
ers. l^rizes—Vl,  Swiss  Agricultural  Exhibitio.i, 
Berne,  )89S;  Swiss  National  E  hibition,  (ieneva, 
1896;  Bee-Keeping  Exposition,  Liege,  Belgium. 
1SQ5;  Universal  Exposition,  St.  Louis.  U.  S.  A. 
1904.  The  Uigbt^st  Awurd.  Extra  select 
breeding  Queen,  $5.00:  six,  §16.00;  dozen,  $30.60. 
Selected  Queen,  S2.00;  six,  $11.00;  dozen.  $20.00. 
Young  fertilized  queen,  tested,  $1.60:  six,  $9.tH): 
dozen,  $16  00.  Special  prices  on  larger  number. 
The  addresses  must  be  clear;  payments  by  postal 
money  orders.  If  by  chance  a  queen  dies  upon  the 
journey  she  is  to  be  returned  immediately,  wiih  a 
postal  certificate,  and  another  queen  will  be  sent 
J-^atis.     Address. 

Anthony  Biaggi, 

Pedeville.  near  Bellinzona.  Italian  Switzerland, 

This  country  ii  politically  the  Switzerland  Ke- 
public,  but  lies  geographically  in  Italj',  and  pos- 
sesses the  best  kind  of  bees  known.  Bee-Keepers 
of  the  Far  West  can  ^ivf  their  orders  to  my 
brother  Stefano  Stephen)  Biaggi,  farmer,  resident 
at  Wash,  Plumas  Co.,  California,  who  will  kindly 
collect  orders.     In  writing,  mention  the  Review. 


QUEENS 


of  Moore's    Strain    of    Italians 

Produce  workers  that  fill  the  supers 
and  are  not  inclined  to  swarm. 

Stewart  Smillie,  Bluevale,  Ont., 
Can.,  says: 

'"They  fill  the  supers  and  are  not  so 
much  inclined  to  swarm  as  others.  I 
have  been  buying  queens  for  15  years, 
and  your  stock  was  the  only  one  that 
was  an^'  good  to  gather  honey. 

Untested  queens,  $1.00  each;  six 
$5.00;  dozen,  $9.00.  Select  untested, 
$1.25;  six,  |6  00;  dozen,  $11.00. 

Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guar- 
anteed. 

J.  P.  MOORE,  Morgan, 

Pendleton  Co.,  Ky. 


186 


THE  BEE-KEEPEKS'  REVIEW 


ILLIONS 

Of  Lewis  Sections  « 

Thousands  g 

Of  Lewis  Hives  g 

Ready  to  be  Shipped  at  the  Drop  of  the  Hat.  ^j 

Send  your  order  to  Main  Office  at  Watertown,  ^^ 

or  your  nearest  agent  given    below      Goods  will  ^^ 

be  shipped  same  day  your  order  is  received.  >^ 

Q.  B.  Lewis  Co.,  Bee=Keepers'  ^ 

Supplies,  Watertown,  Wis.  ^ 


Distributing  Points. 


ENGLAND-E.  H.  Taylor.  Welwvii, 

H^rts. 
CUBA— C.  B.  Stevens  &  Co..  Havana.' 

C.  B.  Stevens   &   Co.,  Manzanillo. 
CALIFORNIA  -Chas.   H.   Lilly  Co,, 

San  Francisco. 
SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  — 

Fle*^cher  Doyle  Co.,  San  Diego. 

Fallbrook     Co-operative    Associa- 
tion, Fallb  ook. 

Paul  Bachert.  Lancaster. 
COLOR  A  DO— R    C.  Aikin.  Loveland. 

Arkansas    Valley    Honey-produc- 
ers" Ass'n,  Rocky  Ford. 

Colorado    Honey-producers'    Asso- 
ciation, Denver. 

Fruit  Growers'  Association, Grand 
Junction. 

Robert  Halley,  Montrose. 
IOWA- Adam  A.  Clark.  LeMars. 

Louis   Hanssen's  Son,  Davenport. 


In- 
Co. 


ILLINOIS—York    Honey  &  Bee  Sup- 
ply     Co  ,     J41-143     Ontario     St., 

Chicagro. 
I>adant  &  Son,  Hamilton. 

INDIANA— C.     M.  Scott  &    Co., 
dianapolis. 

MICHIGAN     A.    G.    Woodman 
(irand   Rapids. 

MINNESOTA -Wisconsin     Lumber 
Co.,  432   Lumber   Exchange,  Min- 
neapolis. 

MISSOURI-E.T.  Abbott, St.  Joseph. 

OHIi) — Norris  &  Anspach,  Kenton. 

OREGON'     The   Chas.    H.   Lilly    Co., 
Port  1  Mid. 

PENNSYLVANIA— 

Cl-aver  &  (Ireen,  Troy. 

TEXAS    Southwestern  Bee  Co.,  San 
Antonio. 

UTAH— Fred  Foulger  &  Sons,  Ogrden. 

WASHINGTON     The  Chas.  H.  Lilly 
Co.,  Seattle. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


187 


^"^ 


PRICES 

And  qualit}'  are  the  two  things  that  sell  goods.  We  are  in  the 
heart  of  the  lumber  country  where  we  get  lumber  at  first 
hands  without  freight.  We  have  the  cheapest  known  power — 
water.  We  make  goods  that  are  the  equal  of  any  in  quality 
and  workmanship.  In  some  instances  they  are  superior.  For 
instance,  our  sections  are  made  from  tough  wood  that  will 
bend  without  breaking,  even  if  you  don't  wet  it.  How  many 
sections  did  you  break  in  putting  together  the  last  thousand  ? 
Think  of  it.  Send  for  our  catalog  and  get  prices  that  will 
surprise  and  please  you.  All  we  ask  is  to  get  a  trial  order, 
and  there  will  be  no  trouble  in  holding  your  custom. 

DOLL'S  BEE  SUPPLY  MFG.  CO., 
Power  Bldg.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


^^-^^^ 
■3L&5 

m 


s 
m 


THE    OLMSTEAD    HIVE 
AND  SYSTEM. 


If  every  reader  of  the  Review  knew,  as  well  as 
I  know,  what  can  be  done  with  the  new  hive,  and 
what  a  pleasure  it  is  to  do  it,  I  believe  they  would 
not  allow  this  season  to  pass  without  at  least  giv- 
ing- it  a  fair  trial.  Think  of  what  it  means  to  be 
able  to  examine  one  of  the  central  combs  without 
disturbing-  the  bees  to  any  extent.  It  is  usually  a 
tell  tale  of  all  the  conditionsin  thehive.  As  loffor 
the  hive  it  has,  aside  fiom  the  valuable  features 
as  described  in  the  Review,  many  others  that  I 
believe  willbe  appreciated  by  all  whohave  to  move 
bees.  It  has  a  plain  solid  bottom  with  a  blizzard 
proof  entrance  for  out-door  wintering  The  cover 
is  of  the  tele scopii:  style.  Over  the  sections,  or 
combs,  are  three,  K-inch  air  spaces,  two  ^-inch 
boards,  and  a  sheet  of  galvanized  iron.  I  do  not 
NOW  use  the  VanDeusen  clasp,  j'et  one  can  pre- 
pare it  for  moving,  with  an  upper  story,  if  desired, 
over  the  frames,  and  50  square  inches  of  screen  at 
the  bottom,  besides  a  's-inch  crack  beeween  the 
super  and  the  hive,  in  one  minute,  without 
nails,  lath  or  hammer. 

The  frames  are  Langstroth  size,  plain,  yet  at 
once  rigid  or  loose,  as  described. 

I  am  offering  the  hive  complete,  as  describe  1 
here  and  elsewhere  in  the  Review,  at  $2.00  each, 
during  April  and  May. 

C.  A.  OLMSTEAD, 

EAST  BLOOMFIELD,  N.  Y 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carrj'  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  }'ou 
the  best  goods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
15  different  roads,  thereby  saving  3'ou 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  everj'  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTS  now. 
Write  today. 

KRETCHMER  MFG.,  CO. 
l-06-12t  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German 


188 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


After  years  of  thoughtful  and  cateful  breeding,  seeking  more  especially  Ihe  more  perfect  de- 
velopment of  a  strain  of  CL,OVER  WORKERS,  I  am  pleased  to  offer  a  three-banded  strain  of 
bees  possessing  the  rarest  qualities  of  perfection. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  NUCLEI  :  Untested  queens,  50  cfs.;  select  untested  queens,  75  cts. 
two-frame  nuclei,  alter  June  ist,  $2.00.  If  q'leen  is  wanted,  add  price  of  queen  to  price  of  nucleus. 
4-o6-5t 


)^aim 


!a,rioimo  Olhio 


Aug.  Lotz  &  Son 

Make  a  specialty  of 
manufacturing'  sec- 
tions and  shippinof 
cases.  Bee-keepers 
supplies  always  on 
hand.  Prompt  ship- 
ments. Send  for 
catalog-  and    prices. 


Cadott, 


Wis. 


2-o5-6t 


MICHIGAN 

Bee= Keepers 

Will  do  well  to  send   for  our    price  list  of 

Bee-Keepers' 

Supplies' 

Large  stock  of   Hives,  Sections,  Smokers, 
on  hand. 

Saginaw 

Is   an  excellent  shipping'   point    and    bee- 
keepers can 

Save  Freight 

And    get   .supplies    promptly    by   sending 
their  orders  to 

Lengst  &  Koenig 

SAGINAW,  E.  S,,  MICH. 
127  So.  13th  St. 


Golden  and  Leather=Coiored 
Italians. 

Price  of  Golden  queens.  Before  July  1st;  Untest- 
ed, Sl.OO  each:  6  for  S5.00:  12  for  Sf)  00.  Warranted 
?1. 25  each;  6  for  $7.00;  12  for  $13.00.  Tested,  Sl.50 
each.  Select  tested  $2  00.  After  July  1.  Un- 
tested 75c  each;  b  for  $4.00:  one  dozen  $7.00:  War- 
ranted tested  $1.25  each;  b  for  $7.00;  one  dozen 
$13  00.  Tested  $1.50;  Select  tested  $2  00.  Breed- 
ers $5.00.  Caucasian  Queens  will  be  readv  to 
mail  July  1.  Untested  $1.00  each;  6  for  $5.00. 
Warrented  tested  $i.40  each:  6  for  $8.00. 

We  have  three  yards,  two  Italian  and  one  Cau- 
casian and  mean  to  meet  the  demand  of  the  trade. 
Prices  of  nuclei  on  application. 

D.  J.  Blocher,  Pearl  City,    Illinois 


BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  manufacture  standard  dovetailed  bee-hives 
and  supplies,  cheaper  than  you  ever  bought 
before.  Our  Queens  and  Bees  stand  at  the  head 
111  quality.  Unlisted  75c,  each;  $425  for  6;  or 
$S.oo  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25  each;  $12  00  per 
dozen.  Select  tested,  $1  50.  Special  prices  to 
dealers  and  in  large  lots  on  application  Ditt- 
mer's  foundation      Catalog  free. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beevilie,  (Bee  Co.)  Texas. 

HONEY  QUEENS 

I,AWS'  ITAI^IAN  and  HOI^Y  I^AND  QUEENS. 
Plenty  of  fine  queens  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  I  am  catering  to  a  satisfied  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?    Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 

Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  as  consistent  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $8.00;  tested  $1.00;  per 
dozen,  $10.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  $3.00  each. 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beevilie,   Tex. 


American 


BEE 


Journal 


AH  about  Be«»8. 

16-page  Weekly. 

Sample  Free,  f  1 

ayear;  3  months' 
Trial  Trip,  20c.  silver  or  gtampa. 
Best  writers.  Oldest  bee-paner; 
iUusti^ted.  Dept's  for  beelnnera 
and  for  women  bee-keepers. 

GEORGE  W.YORK  &  CO, 
334  Dearborn  3treet,  CHICAQO.  ILL. 


THE  BEE-I'EEPERS'  REVIEW 


189 


(1/ 

X^f    Root's  Goods  2vt 


Root's  Prices 


POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

Large  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.     L,ow  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Ser\'ice.   Catalog  sent  free. 

Walter  S.  Pou«Jcr 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOI,IS,     IND. 


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DO  YOU  KNOW 

That  the  sale  of  Dittmer's  Pounda= 

tion  has  increased  so  imich  that  we 
were  forced  to  double  our  melting  ca- 
pacity in  order  to  fill  orders  promptly. 

THERE  IS  A  REASON  FOR  THIS 

It  is  because  Dittmer's  Foundation 
is  tougrh,  clear  and  transparent,  and 
has  the  natural  oder  of  beeswax. 

OUR  AGENTS 

VV.  D.  Soper,  Jackson,  Mich. 

Bee  &  Honey  Co.,  Beeville,  Tex. 

E.    H.    Taylor,   Welwyn    Sta  ,  Herts, 

Eng-land. 

E.    Grainger    &    Co.,    Toronto,    Ont., 

Canada. 

Our  warehouse  is  well  stocked  with 
all  kinds  of  bee-keepers'  supplies. 

Beeswax  always  wanted. 

Gus  Dittmer, 
Augusta,  Wisconsin. 


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Send    for 

J  906 
Catalog. 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Rcot^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 
Send  for 

Booklet, 


Special  Sale  on 
HIVES  AND  SECTIONS 

Until  March  15th.  Eig-ht-frame,  Uove- 
tail  Hives,  lyi  story,  $1.25;  10-frame, 
$1.40;  No.  1  bee-wav  sections,  $8.90; 
No.  2,  $3.40;  24  lb.  Shipping--Cases, 
13c;  Foundation,  Smokers,  etc.,  cheap. 
Michig-an  Aj^-ent  for  Dittmer's  new 
process  foundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  24-pafje  catalog^ue,  free. 
W.  D.  SOPER, 
^-  R-    D.   3  JACKSON,  MICH. 


Superior  Stock 

I  make  a  specialty  of  Long-Tongue 

Italian,   Carniolan,   and   Caucasian. 

Rearing-  only  from  best  stock  obtain- 
able. My  Italian  queens  are  unexcell- 
ed; my  Carniolans  and  Caucasians  from 
best  imported  queens.  All  races  bred 
in  separate  yards  to  insure  purity.  A 
postal  will  bring-  my  price  list  for  1906. 

CHARLES    KOEPPEN 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


190 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I  manufacture  both  the  one  and  the  four-piece  sections, 
and  can  g^ive  customers  their  choice  at  the  same  price.  The 
one-piece  is  made  of  nice,  white  basswood,  and  sand- 
papered on  both  sides.  The  four-piece  is  made  of  hard, 
white  poplar.  The  sections  are  4^  x  4^  xl%,  1%^  or  7-to- 
the-foot,  and  4x5  plain. 

My  prices  are  as  follows:  1,000,  $3.00;  2,000  for  $5.75; 
5,000  for  $14.00;  10,000  for  $27.00.  A  special  price  will  be 
made  to  those  who  order  10,000  to  30,000  in  the  winter. 

I  also  furnish  BEE,  QUEENS,  and  BEE-KEEPERS' 
SUPPLIES.  Send  for  descriptive  circular,  and  sample  of 
section,  and  save  money. 

Reference,  Editor  Review. 


i-o6-tf 


We  are   Headquarters   for 


the  best  in  the  world.  If  you  are  looking  for  the  bees  that  gather  the  most 
honey,  and  are  the  gentlest  of  all  bees  to  handle,  buy  the  Albino,  I  can 
furnish  the  Italian,  but  orders  stand  50  to  i  in  favor  of  the  Albino.  I  manu- 
facture and  furnish  supplies  generallj'. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ALBINO  BEES» 

As  to  their  marking,  the  difference  between  them  and  the  pure  Italian  is 
very  striking.  About  the  eyes  they  approach  nearer  a  purple  than  that  of 
the  Italian  Beginning  at  the  waist,  they  first  have  three  distinct  yellow  bands,  then  three  distinct 
white — the  white  is  pure,  not  muddy  and  dirty;  the  wings  are  finer  and  of  a  bright  silver  color. 
What  makes  them  so  be  utiful  is,  that  the  colors  are  bright — the  white  is  white,  and  the  black  is 
black,  etc.     Theirshoulders  and  the  under  part  are  thickly  coated  with  white  hair. 

The   queens  are  large  and  beautiful.     They   are  a  bright   yellow  and   generally  have   the   while 
hair,  as  described  in  the  workers.     As  to  their  breeding,  we  can  say  the  queens  are  very  prolific. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  BEES. 

April  May  Junk  July  August 

Select  Tested  Albino  Queen  for  Breeding- •■■  $4  00  S400  $3  50  $300  $300 

Select  Tested  Albino  Queen 3  00  3  00  2  50  2  50  2  00 

Tested  Albino  Queen-  as  they  run 2  25  2-5  2  00  1  75  1  50 

Untested  Albino  Queens 100  100  75  7->  75 

Tested  Italian  Queens 1  "/5  150  I  25  125  125 

Untested  Italian  Queens •  100  80  75  75  75 

S.  VALENTINE,  Rocky  Ridge,  Md. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


191 


CHARLES  MONDENQ  SECTION  MACHINE 


is  covered  by  two  patents.  With  this  wonderful  in- 
vention the  cost  of  makinf>^  Sections  tna}'  be  reduced  to 
$1.15  per  1000.  If  such  machine  will  interest  you,  write 
for  further  information.  Uo  not  write  about  it  unless 
vou  mean  business. 

BEE-SUPPLIES  AND  QUEENS 

My  CatHlog^  for  IWh  is  now  ready  for  distribution.  I 
am  the  Northern  Headquarters  for  Adel  Queens  and 
Bees,  and  f?ood,  honest  Bee-Keepers'  Supplies.  If  you 
liavenot  received  my  Catalog:,  write  for  it.     Address, 

CHARLES  MONDENQ, 


16o 


WTON     AV! 


N 


MINNEAPOLIS,     MINN. 


(i^^ 


^     Catal©go     Good   Q©@dsp    l©w    l^ricesp     S 
^     ^et    if  yo"aa  sencd    ^©taf    Ofdler    t©  ^ 


New  London,  Wis. 


CARNIOLAN  QUEENS 

and 

CHAFF  HIVES. 

I  am  breeding  only  one  race  of  bees.  I  have 
tested  the  Carniolans  with  the  other  races  of  bees 
and  find  theui  superior  to  all  of  them,  in  some 
particular.  They  have  all  the  good  qualities  of 
others,  and  do  not  have  some  of  their  had  traits. 
They  are  much  easier  to  handle,  and,  if  rightly 
managed  (giveti  plenty  of  room)  they  will  not 
swarm  any  moie  than  other  races.  Thej'  will 
cap  their  comb  much  nicer,  breed  earlier,  and, 
therefore,  store  more  hodey  I  grade  out  all 
poor  queen  cells,  kill  all  small  or  imperfect 
queens  before  mating,  and  sell  only  the  choice  or 
select,  bred  from  the  best  honey  gatherers  and 
comb  builders.  I  am  as  careful  about  the  drones 
as  about  the  breeding  queens. 

One  queen,  $ioo;  two,  $1.75;  six,  J4.50. 

I  also  have  a  lew  new  chaff  hives  for  sale  very 
cheap.  Hives  or  queens  in  exchange  for  good, 
white,  comb  honey. 

4-o66t  W.  W.  CRIM,  Pekin,  Ind. 


SOME  REASONS 

Why  you  can  buy  Italian  queens  to  ad- 
vantage of  the  undersigned:  The  stock 
is  from  the  very  best  breeders,  such  as 
(Juirin,  Laws,  Alley  and  Moore. 

All  queens  are  shipped  by  return 
mail  in  larf^e.  roomy  cages,  and  guar- 
anteed to  please  in  every  particular, 
or  they  will  be  replaced  free.  Every- 
thing is  now  at  its  best  in  California, 
and  the  best  of  qneens  can    be    reared. 

Untested  queens,  $1.00  each;  six  for 
$4.00;  one  dozen  for  $8.00.  Tested, 
$1.50;  six  for  $8  00;  one  dozen  $14.5o! 
Breeders,  $5.00  each.  Write  for  prices 
on  larger  quantities. 

M.  D.  WHITCHER, 

6-06-tf  Los  Olivos,  Calif. 


192 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


^^V.U  PART'S 


Over  a 

MILLION 

Lewis   Sections 

in  stock  since  Jan.  1, 
1906. 

Dadant's 

Foundation 

and  all  other  g^oods 
in  proportion.  Im- 
mediate shipments. 

Get  your  goods  in 
a  hurry,  before  the 
ink  on  your  order 
blank  gets  dry,  by 
sending  to 

A.  G.  Woodman  Co. 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Daily  Express  Trains 

Adams  Express 
American  Express 
U-  S.  Express 
National  Express 


Daily  Freight  Trains 

P.  M.  System  20  and  ex'ts 

M.  C.      ••  0 

G.  T.      "  10 

L  S   &  M.  S.     6 

G   R.  &  I  12 

G.R.G.H.&M.IO 

G.R.H.&L.  M.IO 


BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Prices 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG    MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1-04-61  147-149  Cedar  L«ke  Road 


-If  you  are  going  to— 


BtlY  A  BUZZ-SAW^, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  Ueview.  He  has  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  you  happy  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


THE  HEIGHT  OF  PERFECTION 

28  years  has  wrought  wonders.  We  jfOt  200  Iti  to  the  hive  the 
last  two  seasons.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the  be  t  that  can  be 
imported  from  across  the  water.  ITALIAN  queens  are  $1.00  in 
J  une,  75c  after  that;  $0.00  a  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25  each,  or  $12.00 
a  dozen. 

Those  gentle.  CAUCASIAN  same  price. 

NUCLEI  and  bees  by  the  pound.  Our  little  booklet  tells 
how  to  introduce  without  loss.     Free  for  a  postal. 

The  Wood  Bee=Hive  Co.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  in  your 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED 
HIVES  made  bj'  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  su]iplies 
for  bee-keepinff  on  hand. 


IVIaPshfield  Mfg.   Co. 

IWarshfield,  Wis. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the  Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.   VA|4    DEUSefl, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


BEE-KEEPEtJS. 


Do  you  need  Hone.v  Cans?  We  have 
received  a  full  carload  of  good  second 
hand  cans  just  as  good  as  new,  two 
cans  in  a  case,  which  we  offer  while 
they  last,  at  the  following  prices: 


IN  LOTS  OF 

5  cases  of  2  60  lb  cans  50c  per  case 

10      45c     "     " 

25      'Oc    "    " 

50      35c    "     " 

100      ' 32c    "     " 


These  cans  are  consigned  to  us  by  a 
large  bakery,  and  are  to  be  closed  out 
at  once  Remember  they  are  just  as 
yfxxl  as  new.  and  not  rusty  or  jammed. 
First  come  first  served.  Send  us  your 
order  at  once. 


GRIGGS  BROS. 

521  Griggs  Block 
TOLEDO,  OHIO. 

2-06-1 1 


Lowest  Prices. 

BIG  DISCOUNT  FOR  EARLY 
ORDERS. 

On  cash  orders 
Before  November  i  9  per  cent. 
,,  December  i  8  ,. 
,  January  17,, 
,,  February  i  6  ,, 
,,        March  14,, 

,,        April  I  2     „ 

Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds* 

Est^ablished  nearly  25  years. 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
50c  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  published.  Ec'ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mf  §:♦ 
Company, 

Jamf.stown,  N.  y. 


194 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  kEVIEW 


Vfc    Root's  Goods  at 
^  Root's  Prices 


an 

iff 

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POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

I,arge  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.    lyOw  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Service.   Catalog  sent  free. 

Waiter  S.  Pou«Jcr 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOI.IS,     IND. 


DO  YOU  KNOW 

That  the  sale  of  Dittmer's  Founda= 

tion  has  increased  so  much  that  we 
were  forced  to  double  our  melting  ca- 
pacity in  order  to  fill  orders   promptly. 

THERE  IS  A  REASON  FOR  THIS 

It  is  because  Dittmer's  Foundation 
is  tough,  clear  and  transparent,  and 
has  thL-  natural  oder  of  beeswax. 

OUR  AGENTS 

W.  D.  Soper,  Jackson,  Mich. 

Bee  &  Honer  Co.,  Beeville,  Tex. 

E.    H.    Taylor,   Welwyn    Sta.,  Herts, 

England. 

E.    (irainger    &    Co.,    Toronto,    Ont., 

Canada. 

Our  warehouse  is  well  stocked  with 
all  kinds  of  bee-keepers'  supplies. 

Beeswax  always  wanted. 

Qus  Dittmer, 
Augusta,  Wisconsin. 


■^r'S^'^'-S'^''^'  ^'  g'S''  g'-S'-«i&'  S\k'iT"^ ''^''^"^ ''^''^''^''S!L''S"ml''S^ 


Send    for 

1906 
Catalog. 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 

Send  for 

Booklet. 


STANDARD    BRED    QUEENS. 

BOeKEYE  STRAIN   RED  CLOVER. 

GOLDEiv  Italians;         carniolans.  : 

By   Return    Mail.       Safe  Arrival  Guaranteed.      ';  ' 

Fi?,ICH3S.        ONE,  SIX        •     Tw« 

Untested  ■    •    .......    .    :•  .    .  $0. 75  $4^.  00  %7 

Select   Untested    -  teOO  5-00  9 

Tested    .    .■:■:■:■'. ...    •   •    .    .   •    .    .      1^;5X)  ,         ff.OO  15 

Select  Tested,.  ..:..;  .    .    .  .      2;0b  1 0  00        >1  S 

Select  Breeders,   each       •    •  ■':  ■  $3.00 

-  Two-frame.  Nucleus  and  nice  Queen      -  *■    -      300.^ 

THE   FRED  W.   MUTH    CO ;■ 

No.   51   WALNUT  ST.,  a  CINCINNATI.    OHIO 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


195 


Hone}^  to  secure  the  completion  of  unfinished  sections, 
can  be  made  very  profitable  if  rijjhtly  manajjfed  during- 
the  hot  weather  of  July  and  August.  In  Advanckd 
BicK  Cui.TUK]':  may  be  found  complete  instructions  re- 
garding- the  selection  and  preparation  of  colonies,  pre- 
paration of  the  feed,  manipulation  necessary  to  secure 
the  rapid  capping  of  the  combs,  time  for  removing  the 
honey,  and  how  to  manage  if  a  few  sections  in  a  case 
are  not  quite  completed;  in  short,  all  of  the  kinks  that 
have  been  learned  from  years  of  experience,  and  the 
feeding  back  of  tons  of  honey.  Remember,  too,  that 
this  is  only  one  chapter  out  of  33  treating-  as  many 
vitally  important  phases  of  bee  culture. 

Price  of  the  book,  $1.20;  or  the  Reyiew  one  year  and 
the  book  for  only  $2.00. 


'Hp  Fllffiitp  Miclii. 


We  are   Headquarters   for 


,ta  the   best  in  the  world.     If  you  are  looking  for  the  bees  that  gather  the  most 

^^  '('■r\  honey,  and  are   the   gentlest  of  all  bees  to   handle,  b>iy   the    Albino.     lean 

k'^/'ji|j  i'v  •      furnish  the  Italian,  but  orders  stand  50  to  i  in  favor  of   the  Albino.     I  manu- 

U  \\''-n'(i  \ii  facture  and  furnish  supplies  generally. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ALBINO  BEES, 

As  to  their  marking,  the  difference  between  them  and  the  pure  Italian  is 
very  striking.  About  the  eyes  they  approach  nearer  a  purple  than  that  of 
the  Italian.  Beginning  at  the  waist,  they  first  have  three  distinct  yellow  bands,  then  three  distinct 
white — the  white  is  pure,  not  muddy  and  dirty;  the  wings  are  finer  and  of  a  bright  silver  color. 
What  makes  them  so  besuliful  is,  that  the  colors  are  bright — the  white  is  white,  and  the  black  is 
black,  etc.     Theirshoulders  and  the  under  part  are  thickly  coated  with  white  hair. 

Tlie   queens  are  large  and  beautiful.     They   are  a  bright   yellow  and   generally  have   the   white 
hair,  as  described  in  the  workers.     As  to  their  breeding,  we  can  say  the  queens  are  very  prolific. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  BEES. 

Ai'Kii.  May  Junk  July  August 

Select  Tested  Albino  Queen  for  Breeding $400  $400  $3  50  $300  $300 

Select  Tested  Albino  Queen 3  00  3  00  2  50  2  50  2  00 

Tested  Albino  Queens  as  they  run 2  25  2  25  2  00  1  75  1  50 

Untested  Albino  Queens 100  100  75  75  75 

Tested  Italian  Queens 175  150  125  125  125 

Untested  Italian  Queens 100  80  75  75  75 

S.  VALENTINE,  Rocky  Ridge,  Md. 


196 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION" 

IT  EXCELS. 

EVERY  INCH  equal  to  samples. 

Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sag-ginfir,    no    Loss.     Twenty-seven 

years  of  Experience.      We  guarantee  satisfaction.     Wax 

worked  into  Foundation. 


1  BEE  SUPPEIES 

i  BEESWAX  A¥ ANTED 

^il  at  all  times. 

fm  Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODIVIAN,  Grand  Rapids. 

I       DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  111. 

W^  Send  for  Catalog. 


THE    OLMSTEAD    HIVE 
AND  SYSTEM. 


If  every  r.  ader  of  the  Review  knew,  as  well  as 
I  know,  what  can  be  done  with  the  new  hive,  and 
what  a  pleasure  it  is  to  do  it,  I  believe  they  would 
not  allow  this  season  to  pass  without  at  least  giv- 
ing: it  a  fair  trial.  Think  of  what  it  means  to  be 
able  to  examii'e  one  of  the  central  combs  without 
disturbing-  the  bees  to  any  extent.  It  is  usually  a 
tell  tale  of  all  the  conditionsin  thehive.  As  Iof¥er 
the  hive  it  has.  aside  fiom  the  valuable  features 
as  describpd  in  the  Review,  many  others  that  I 
believe  willbe  appreciated  by  all  who  have  to  move 
bees  It  has  a  plain  solid  bottom  with  a  blizzard 
proof  entrance  for  out-door  wntering-  The  cover 
is  of  the  telescopi  •  style.  Over  the  sections,  or 
combs,  are  th-^ee,  5<-inch  air  spaces,  two  J^-inch 
boards,  and  a  sheet  of  galvanized  iron.  I  do  not 
NOW  use  the  VanDeusen  clasp,  yet  one  can  pre- 
pare it  for  moving,  with  an  upper  story, if  desired, 
over  the  frames,  and  50  square  inches  of  screen  at 
the  bottom,  besides  a  '/a-inch  crack  beeween  the 
super  and  the  hive,  in  onk  minute,  without 
nails,  lath  or  hammer 

The  frames  are  Langstroth  size,  plain,  yet  at 
once  rigid  or  loose,  as  described. 

I  am  offering  the  hive  complete,  as  describe' 
here  and  elsewhere  in  the  Review,  at  $2.00  each, 
during  April  and  May. 

C.  A.  OLMSTEAD, 

EAST  BLOOMFIELD,  N.  Y 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  you 
the  best  goods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
iSdiflfercnt  roads,  thereby  saving  you 
excessive  freightcharges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  ver3'  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  every  bee-keeper  1o  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTSnow. 
Write  today. 

KRKTCHMER  MFG.,  CO. 
l-n6-12t  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German 


A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 

$L00  A  YEAR. 
w.  z.  HUTCHINSON.  Editor  and  Proprletoi. 


VOL.  XIX.     FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  JULY  15,  1906.        NO.  Z 


F©r  Malf  a  Yearc 


W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON. 


\T7HERE  are  two  reasons  for  giving- 
^t^  the  Northern  Michigan  apiaries 
the  "go  by"  this  month:  One  is  that 
to  develop  plates,  get  cuts  made,  and 
give  an  account  of  a  trip  in  the  same 
month  in  whicli  it  is  made,  delays  that 
issue  of  the  Review.  Another  reason 
is  that  I  have  several  interesting  things 
that  I  wish  to  tell  about  the  apiary 
here  at  Flint. 

There  were  about  100  colonies  in  the 
cellar,  and  the  wintering  was  perfect. 
Some  of  the  colonies  were  light  in 
stores,  but  none  starved,  and  there 
was  not  a  trace  of  dysentery.  Every 
colony  came  out  alive. 

BKES  OUGHT  TO  BE  FED  IN  THE  FALL, 

IK  NECESSARY,  ENOUGH  TO  CARRY 

THEM  TO  THE  NEXT 

HONEY  ILOW. 

I  knew  last  fall  that  some  of  them 
were  short  of  stores.  They  all  had 
enough  to  carr\-  them  through  the  win- 
ter. I  knew  that;  and  I  also  knew 
that  feeding  would  be  needed  to  bring 
them  through  to  the  harvest.  I  decided 
to  wait  and  feed  in  the  spring.     Ordin- 


arily, this  would  have  been  all  right, 
but,  as  it  turned  out,  it  was  something 
of  a  mistake,  and  inis^ht  have  turned 
out  ver3'  disastriously.  The  reason  will 
appear  as  the  story  develops. 

TROUBLE    FROM    THE   BEES    "DRIFTING" 

OR    MIXING   WHEN    SET   OUT 

IN    THE    SPRING. 

The  bees  were  carried  out  of  the 
cellar  in  the  night,  the  hives  placed  in 
rows,  but  quite  a  distance  aoart.  The 
next  day  was  not  very  warm,  but  the 
bees  flew  some.  I  watched  them  from 
the  window,  but  there  was  no  "drift- 
ing" or  mixing  up.  I  had  been  sick, 
and  was  not  very  strong,  but,  just  at 
dark,  I  bundled  up  and  managed  to  go 
from  hive  to  hive  and  lift  the  covers. 
All  were  clean  and  healthy,  clust- 
ered nicel)',  and  about  the  same  number 
of  bees  .in  each  hive.  The  next  day 
was  warm,  and,  for  a  while,  the  air 
was  fairly  black  with  bees  over  the 
hives.  Along  about  noon  they  seemed 
to  be  gathering  at  one  corner  of  yard. 
The  fronts  of  the  hives  in  that  part  of 
the    apiary    became    black    with   bees. 


200 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE\^ 


finally  the  sides  and  tops  of  the  hives 
were  covered  with  bees.  Every  bee 
that  left  a  hive  seemed  in  duty  bound 
to  join  the  whirling-  "circus"  of  bees 
at  that  particular  part  of  the  apiary. 
Only  a  few  bees  could  be  seen  flying  at 
other  parts  of  the  yard.  When  night 
came,  and  I  went  out  again  and  lifted 
the  covers,  I  found  mere  handfuls  of 
bees  in  some  of  the  hives — bees  be- 
tween only  two  or  three  combs. 
Twenty  or  thirty  of  the  hives  at  the 
corner  where  the  bees  had  congregated 
were  jammed  full  of  bees — some  were 
filled  to  overflowing-. 

I  had  read,  and  been  told,  that  if 
bees  were  set  out  in  the  night,  the  start 
for  a  flight  would  be  started  gradually, 
and  there  would  be  none  of  this  mixing 
or  drifting.  There  was  this  time.  Al- 
ways before  I  have  carried  the  bees  out 
in  the  day  time,  on  a  warm  day,  scat- 
tering the  hives  as  carried  out,  and 
had  no  trouble  with  their  mixing-. 
There  is  only  one  precaution  that  I 
neglected,  and  it  is  possible  that  it 
might  have  saved  this  trouble,  and  that 
is,  I  didn't  contract  the  entrances.  If 
the  entrance  is  contracted  so  that  only 
one  or  two  bees  can  pass,  a  strong 
colony  can  make  no  more  of  a  demon- 
stration than  a  weak  one.  But  I  had 
heard  so  many  times  that  carrying  the 
bees  out  in  the  night  would  do  awa3' 
with  this  difficulty  that  I  pinned  my 
faith  to  it. 

EVENING     UP    COLONIES     BY     CHANGING 

PLACES    BETWEEN    THE   STRONG 

AND   WEAK. 

What  did  1  do?  Well,  for  a  week  or 
ten  days,  I  was  unable  to  even  go  out 
in  the  yard,  and  the  bees  had  it  all 
their  own  waj'.  When  at  last  I  was 
able  to  again  take  things  in  hand,  I 
found  some  six  or  seven  colonies  had 
been  robbed;  the  reason,  of  course,  be- 
ing that  they  been  so  reduced  in  num- 
bers by  losing  their  flying  bees.  As 
soon  as  I  was  able  I  began  changing 
places  with  weak  and  strong  colonies.  It 
seemed  like  a  risky,  desperate  thing  to 


do,  and  I  feared  the  loss  of  queens,  but 
although  I  must  have  changed  places 
with  nearly  50  colonies,  there  was  no 
figliting,  and  I  don't  know  as  I  lost  one 
queen  as  the  result.  It  is  true  that  I 
afterwards  found  two  or  three  queen- 
less  colonies,  but  I  am  not  certain  that 
the  loss  came  from  the  changing  about 
of  colonies — these  colonies  might  have 
been  queenless  in  the  first  place.  Of 
course,  the  robbing  was  not  a  dead 
loss.  The  loss  in  bees  was  very  slight. 
I  had  just  about  as  many  bees,  and 
just  as  much  honey,  but  they  were  in 
fewer  hives,  and  I  was  put  to  the 
trouble  of  equalization.  By  repeated 
changes,  however,  I  finally  brought  the 
colonies  all  out  pretty  fairly  equal  in 
numbers.  That  the  bees  were  all  pure 
Italians,  had  something  to  do,  I  think, 
with  my  success  in  changing  places 
with  colonies. 

When  all  were  evened  up,  and  fruit 
bloom  opened,  I  had  90  colonies  left. 
At  the  close  of  fruit  bloom  I  sold  20 
colonies,  so  I  opened  up  the  season,  at 
the  home  yard,  with  70  colonies. 

TROUBLE    FROM    LACK    OF    STORES. 

Then  there  was  the  lack  of  stores  to 
contend  with.  By  going  twice  over  the 
entire  apiary  and  equalizing  stores, 
the}'  pulled  through  to  fruit  bloom, 
which  gave  a  fair  yield.  I  don't  like 
to  feed  early  in  the  spring.  Weak 
colonies  are  very  loth  to  send  bees  out 
to  a  feeder  in  cool  weather.  Strong 
colonies  may  visit  a  feeder,  but  I  don't 
care  for  the  stimulating  eftect  of  feed- 
ing until  I  am  sure  of  settled  warm 
weather.  I  have  suffered  too  severely 
from  late  freezes  coming  after  ambi- 
tious colonies  had  extended  brood  rear- 
ing beyond  their  abilit}'  to  protect  it. 
We  did  have  a  cold  spell  with  the 
mercury  down  to  38  for  several  days, 
and  I  was  thankful  that  there  was  no 
more  brood  than  there  was  to  cover.  I 
think  Mr.  M.  A.  Gill  hit  the  nail  on  the 
head  when  he  said  that  most  bee-keep- 
ers "begun  feeding  too  soon  and 
stopped  too  soon." 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS    REVIEW 


201 


THE     FOUNDATION      OV    A    HONRY     CROP 

BUILT    ON    TWO    BARRELS 

OK    SUGAR. 

Just  as  soon  as  the  How  from  fruit 
bloom  beg'an  to  slacken,  I  beg'an  to 
feed  sug^ar  syrup.  I  had  50  of  the 
Alexander  feeders  in  use,  and  20  of  the 
Coverdale,  made  by  lining-  supers  with 
oil  cloth.  I  prefer  the  Alexander  feed- 
er. It  is  handier  and  the  bees  in  a 
very  weak  colony  will  g^o  down  and 
take  the  feed,  when  they  will  not  g^o 
up  into  the  Cjverdale  feeder.  To  feed 
I  filled  a  ten-gallon  can  two  thirds  full 
of  water,  then  stirred  in  g^ranulated 
sugar  until  it  would  no  long^er  dis- 
solve. About  a  ])int  of  this  syrup  was 
g^iven  each  day  to  each  colony.  It  had 
the  same  effect  as  a  honey  flow.  In 
this  locality  there  is  a  dearth  of 
honey  (about  three  weeks)  between 
fruit  bloom  and  clover.  The  bees 
slack  up  brood  rearing-,  and  sometimes 
kill  off"  their  drones.  When  the  clover 
comes  on  the  combs  are,  to  a  larg-e  ex- 
tent, empty  of  brood  and  honey.  When 
white  clover  opened  this  year,  the 
combs  in  my  hives  were  jammed  full  of 
brood  and  food,  and  the  hives  over- 
flowing- with  bees — they  were  ready,  ai 
once,  to  g-o  into  the  snpers.  It  would 
not  be  far  from  the  truth  to  say  that 
the  foundation  for  all  of  these  three-story 
ten  frame  hives,  now  nearlj'  filled  with 
honey,  as  shown  in  the  frontispiece, 
was  built  on  two  barrels  of  sugar  cost- 
ing- about  $35  00.  Of  course  there  are 
other  factors.  For  instance,  the  bees 
wintered  perfectly  and  came  through 
with  their  vitality  unimpaired.  To  be 
sure  they  became  somewhat  mixed  up, 
but  I  straightened  out  that.  But  I  am 
satisfied  that,  without  the  feeding, 
there  would  now  have  been  one  less  10- 
frame  super  on  each  hive,  and  that 
means  about  50  pounds  more  honey  for 
each  colony. 

GETTING      FOUNDATION      DRAWN       INTO 
STORK    COMBS. 

Like  the  apiaries  in  the  north,  this 
home-apiary    is    to   be   devoted  to    the 


production  of  extracted  honey.  I  had 
no  surplus  of  drawn  combs  for  use  in 
the  supers  and  the  first  step  wars  to  se- 
cure such  combs  by  the  use  of  sheets 
of  comb  foundation.  During  the  win- 
ter, Mrs.  Hartshorn,  one  of  my  daugh- 
ters who  lives  near,  nailed  up  and 
wired  1,500  frames  and  filled  them 
with  foundation.  As  soon  as  honey 
began  to  come  in  freely  from  clover,  an 
upper  story  was  placed  on  each  col- 
ony, one-half  of  the  combs  in  the  lower 
story  being-  raised  to  the  upper  story, 
their  places  being  filled  with  the 
sheets  of  foundation  already'  prepared. 
Frames  of  foundation  and  combs  of 
brood  and  honey  were  alternated  in 
both  stories.  As  the  combs  were  all 
filled  with  brood  or  sealed  honey  the 
sheets  of  foundation  were  drawn  out 
nicely  with  the  cells  the  proper  length. 
No  queen  excluders  were  used,  and 
some  of  the  new  combs  were  filled  with 
brood  and  some  with  honey.  About 
June  20th,  a  queen  excluder  was 
placed  between  the  two  stories.  A 
week  later  an  examination  was  made 
and  the  queens  put  below  the  queen  ex- 
cluders. It  was  not  necessary  to  hunt 
up  the  queens;  simply  look  for  eggs. 
If  none  were  found  in  the  upper  storj', 
why  the  queen  was  below,  and  vice 
versa.  By  the  way,  only  two  queens 
were  found  in  the  lower  story.  At 
this  time  a  third  story  was  added,  as 
most  of  the  new  combs  were  nearly 
completed.  That  is,  were  filled  with 
honey  or  brood,  but  only  partly  sealed 
over.  It  would  not  answer  to  alternate 
such  combs  with  foundation,  as  the 
bees  would  keep  on  lengthening  the 
cells  of  such  unfinished  combs  instead 
of  drawing  out  the  foundation,  or,  at 
least,  they  would  be  very  slow  in  be- 
ginning work  on  the  foundations,  and 
the  result  would  be  some  verj'  thick, 
and  some  very  thin  combs.  I  wrote  to 
Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend  and  asked  him 
to  suggest  some  plan  for  arranging 
matters  when  adding  another  story  of 
10  frames  of  foundation.    He  suggested 


202 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


two  or  three,  but  the  one  I  followed  is 
as  follows:  Take  out  two  outside 
combs,  on  each  side  of  the  upper  stor}', 
putting  foundation  in  their  places,  and 
being  careful  to  see  that  an  old  sealed 
or  brood  comb  was  placed  next  to  the 
foundation  on  each  side.  Then  put 
the  four  old  combs,  that  were  removed, 
in  the  upper  (third)  story,  placing  two 
on  each  side,  at  the  outside,  with  six 
sheets  of  foundation  hanging  between 
them.  Care  was  taken  that  the  side  of 
the  comb  that  came  next  the  founda- 
tion was  sealed,  or  filled  with  brood. 
This  plan  worked  to  perfection,  get- 
ting the  sheets  of  foundation  drawn 
true  and  even  with  cells  of  the  proper 
depth. 

There  has  been  very  little  swarming 
— not  more  than  eight  or  ten  swarms. 
When  the  first  few    colonies  swarmed, 


the  old  colonies  were  divided  up  into 
nuclei,  each  nucleus  being  given  acell; 
then,  as  fast  as  a  colony  swarmed,  its 
combs  of  brood  were  used  lo  build  up 
these  nuclei.  The  most  of  these  newly 
formed  colonies  now  average  ten 
combs  apiece.  It  is  a  plan  that  I  like 
extremely  well. 

preventing      the     loss     of     young 
oui':ens  by  the  use  of 
landmarks. 
In  the  view  given  of  the  apiary  there 
will   be   noticed    some   barrels,    boxes, 
hive  covers,   etc.,   scattered  about  pro- 
miscuously; these  are  to  aid  the  young 
queens    in    finding    their    homes.       Al- 
though the  hives  are  in  straight  rows, 
both    ways,  there    has   been    a  loss   of 
only  two  young  queens  out  of  30. 

Flint,  Mich.,  June  30,  1906. 


)sime  Fertimiesit  Crfticlsinms  ©n  Tib* 

F.    GREINER. 


FRIEND  Chapman's  article  in  the 
March  Review  interested  me  very 
much.  It  is  good,  every  bit  of  it,  and 
a  good  deal  may  be  learned  from  it. 
I  am  running  for  comb  honey,  and  I 
am  not  able  to  run  an  out-yard  with- 
out fiequent  visits;  how  I  Jiiighi  get 
along  if  I  were  running  for  extracted  I 
cannot  guess.  I  have  often  thought  of 
producing  liquid  honey,  only  because 
it  is  evident  that  such  may  be  pro- 
duced much  easier,  three  to  one  here  in 
my  locality,  but  there  is  an  obstacle, 
the  finding  of  a  market  for  it,  even  at  a 
low  price.  I  have  learned  to  sell  comb 
hone^',  but  I  fail  to  find  an  outlet  for 
the  extracted,  except  in  a  ver3-  limited 
quantity,  and  the  Review  might  well 
make  it  an  object  to  show  us  what  to 
do    with    the    extracted   honey.       [See 


Tovvnsend's  articles  in  the  Review  for 
190")  —Ed.  Review.] 

horizontal   wiring   does    not    pre- 
vent S.\GGING. 

Friend  Atwater  also  makes  some 
good  points  in  his  article.  My  own 
experience  as  regards  shallow  brood 
frames  versus  deep  ones  corroborates 
his.  More  pollen  is  found  in  section 
honey  over  a  shallow  frame  brood-nest, 
although  the  deep  frames  may  not  pre- 
sent more  comb  surface.  On  wir- 
ing frames  I  do  not  fully  agree  with 
him.  With  me  and  my  10-inch-deep 
frame  (10  in  the  clear)  sagging  is  not 
prevented  b^'  horizontal  wires  when 
using  medium  brood  foundation,  no 
matter  hoiv  many  wires  are  used.  The 
best  and  most  serviceable  combs  I  ob- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


203 


tain  are  built  without  comb  founda- 
tion. Sag-ged  combs  are  just  as  g-ood 
in  the  extracting  super,  but  no  good  in 
the  brood  chamber.  Horizontal  wiring- 
is  all  right  for  extracting  combs.  The 
wires  answer  two  purposes,  viz:  to 
give  strength  to  the  comb,  and  keep  tl  e 
foundation  in  the  frame  where  it  be- 
longs. The  very  fact  that  horizontal 
wires  do  not  prevent  sagging  is  fourd 
in  the  bulging  of  the  combs  where  the 
wires  are  put  in  and  drawn  very  tight. 
It  is  usually  recommended  to  put  them 
in  loosely  to  prevent  buckling.  If  put 
in  thus,  then  the  foundation  is  expected 
to  sag  and  does  sag.  If  the  wires  were 
expected  to  hold  the  foundation  up  then 
they  ought  to  be  put  in  tight  and  not 
otherwise.  The  fact  is  the  wires  don't 
do  the  business,  now  do  they? 

A  HONF.Y  ROOM  OUGHT  TO  BE  FREE 
FROM  DUST. 

Your  honey-house  and  workshop 
scheme  interests  me  I  don't  like  the 
idea  of  building  "cheap."  It  does  not 
cost  much  more  to  build  good  and 
will  surely  pay  in  the  end.  There  is 
one  thing  furthei-  to  be  borne  in  mind. 
Workshop  and  honey-house  with  ex- 
tracting room  do  not  go  well  together, 
although  many  bee-keepers,  self  in- 
cluded, do  have  it  so  Hives  should  be 
made  in  a  separate  room  from  where 
honey  is  extracted.  The  machinerj^ 
used  in  the  shop  is  properl3'  located  in 
the  workshop;  the  honey  maj'  be 
brought  to  the  same  place  for  scraping 
and  crating,  but  the  storing  of  the 
honey  and  the  extracting  belongs  to  an 
apartment  as  free  from  dust  as  possi- 
ble. I  have  of  late  years  admired  the 
honey  house  of  my  brother  G.  C.  G.,  in 
LaSalle,  N.  Y.  ICverything  in  same 
is  scrupulously  clean.  Not  a  particle 
of  accumulated  dust  or  chips,  etc.,  any- 
where. He  should  be  an  object  lesson 
to  many  of  us.  But  the  hives  are  made 
up  in  another  room,  just  so  the  supers 
are  fixed  and  shipping  cases  made  up. 
In  fact,  no  work  is  done  in  the  hone^' 
house  which  produces  dust. 


CO-OPERATION    AND    BEK-KEEPERS' 
ASSOCIATIONS. 

You  are  hitting  a  very  sensitive  spot 
with  that  word  " 'co-operation. ""  Yes, 
we  need  to  co-operate.  What  we  need 
is  a  co-operation  of  honey-producers 
only.  Supply  manufacturers  and  deal- 
ers, also  editors  of  bee  journals,  should 
be  carefully  excluded.  Their  interests 
do  not  run  parallel  with  ours.  How 
unreasonable,  how  unbusinesslike,  to 
organize  a  bee-keepers'  association  with 
supply  dealers  and  editors  to  dominate 
their  business.  What  can  be  expected? 
Is  it  any  wonder  that  contracts  made 
by  the  business  manager,  who  may 
have  the  interests  of  honey  producers 
at  heart,  are  revoked  almost  as  soon  as 
made.  No,  no!  Brother  Hutchinson, 
the  National  Bee  Keepers'  Association 
and  the  Honey  Producers'  League  are 
conducted  on  false  principles,  and  do 
not  serve  the  interests  of  the  honey 
producing  masses.  The  honey  produc- 
ers must  cut  loose  from  such  bodies 
and  they  will.  We  must  learn  to  man- 
age our  own  affairs.  We  will  then  be 
able  to  accomplish  wliat  you  intimate 
in  your  editorial. 

The  masses  of  the  honey  producers 
are  as  yet  blind,  and  are  satisfied  that 
the  business  of  the  National  is  run  in 
the  interests  of  a  few,  when  the  inter- 
ests of  theirs  clash  with  those  of  ours; 
but  some  begin  to  see  and  don't  you 
forget  it. 

Naples,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  10. 

[I  have  always  used  four  horizontal 
wires  drawn  tight.  I  have  never  seen 
any  sense  in  putting  in  wires  to  prevent 
sagging,  and  then  leaving  them  loose 
so  that  the  foundations  could  sag.  I 
use  medium  brood  foundation,  both 
the  Root  and  Dittmer  make,  and,  al- 
though I  have  used  1,500  such  frames 
this  season,  and  about  half  that  num- 
ber last  year,  there  has  been  absolutely 
no  sagging.  I  ask  for  nothing  better. 
There  must  be  some  factor  in  mj'  man- 
agement that  does  not  appear  in  that 
ofBro.  Greiner,  or  vice  versa. 


204 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


I  must  come  right  out  square  and 
flat-footed  and  say  I  do  not  agree  with 
my  good  friend,  Greiner,  in  thinking 
that  the  National  Association  is  domi- 
nated b}',  and  run  in  the  interests  of 
the  few,  and  those  few  dealers  and  edi- 
tors. Ninety-nine  hundredths  of  the 
members  are  producers,  pure  and  sim- 


ple, and,  of  its  16  officers,  three-fourths 
are  producers;  and  the  three  or  four 
who  are  dealers  or  editors  (as  well  as 
producers)  can  easily  step  down  and 
out  if  their  present  position  is  a  bar  to 
Virogress;  although  some  of  them  have 
labored  long  and  unselfishly  for  the 
good  of  the  Association.] — Ed.  Keview. 


Tlie 


H.    A.    SMITH. 


ITJ  FTER  a  young  man  has  fairly 
-fl  launched  into  bee-keeping,  almost 
the  first  thing  he  does  is  to  invent  a 
hive,  which  to  his  mind,  conforms  to 
the  needs  of  the  bees  and  himself  bet- 
ter than  any  other  hive. 

If  his  business  expands,  however, 
unless  he  possesses  the  necessary  ma- 
chiner}',  he  has  to  buy  factory-made 
hives,  when,  much  to  his  chagrin,  but 
often  to  his  advantage,  he  is  obliged  to 
give  up  his  odd-sized  hobby-hive,  and 
adopt  the  standard.  I  say  often  to  his 
advantage,  because  I  know  that  the 
standard  Langstroth  hive  is  by  no 
means  tiie  worst  hive  a  man  can  use. 
But  is  it  the  best  for  all  purposes? 

The  first  hives  I  used  were  too  small 
to  get  good  results  in  surplus,  as  there 
was  not  sufficient  room  for  brood,  and 
consequently  bees,  unless  two  bodies 
were  used  for  a  brood  nest,  which 
made  the  hive  too  large.  I  found,  how- 
ever, that  the  bees  wintered  excellently 
in  these  little  hives  after  they  were 
contracted  to  one  body  in  the  fall.  The 
hive  was  almost  a  perfect  cube,  but  its 
capacity  was  equal  to  only  6)^  Lang- 
stroth frames.  I  soon  adopted  the 
eight-frame  Langstroth  hive  and  I 
found  that,  although  I  get  better  re- 
sults in  surplus,  the  bees  in  them  did 
not  winter  nearly  so  well  as  in  the 
former  hive.     In  a  warmer  climate  thSn 


that  of  Ontario  I  have  no  doubt  the 
Langstroth  would  be  an  ideal  hive. 

But  I  winter  my  bees  out  of  doors, 
and  I  find  that  in  a  cold  winter  the 
hive  that  keeps  the  bulk  of  the  hone3' 
over  or  near  the  cluster  at  all  times  is 
the  hive  that  winters.  I  have  found 
colonies  dead  in  Langstroth  hives  with 
plenty  of  honey  in  the  hive  but  practi- 
cally out  of  reach. 

Now,  you  will  observe  that  the  hive  I 
first  used  was  an  ideal  winterer,  but 
inferior  in  regard  to  surplus  getting. 
I  have  found  the  Langstroth  hive  a 
poor  winterer,  but  when  taken  care  of 
in  thespring,  and  brood  rearing  helped 
by  careful  feeding,  it  is  an  ideal  sur- 
plus hive.  Tne  thing  for  me  to  do  was 
to  build  a  hive  which  would  strike  a 
kind  of  medium,  and  I  did  it,  and  I  am 
as  pleased  with  my  hive  as  any  be- 
ginner could  be  over  his  first  venture 
at  building  a  bee  hive. 

I  decided  first  to  build  a  nice-frame 
hiv«,  but  I  found  that  by  making  a  ten- 
frame  hive  it  would  be  perfectly  square. 
It  measures  14 J^  each  way  and  is 
about  3  inches  deeper  than  the  Lang- 
stroth hive.  It  preserves  the  correct 
capacity  for  both  brood  rearing  and 
securing  surplus,  and  I  find  that  col- 
onies winter  in  them  perfectly,  and  I 
believe  with  less  honey,  as  what  they 
have  is  mostly  over  the  cluster,  or  very 


THE  BEE-irEEPERS'  REVIEW 


205 


close  to  one  side.  As  the  hive  is  per- 
fectlj'  square  it  can  be  placed  on  the 
bottom  with  the  frames  running'  either 
way  of  the  entrance.  Personally,  I  do 
not  consider  this  an  important  point,  but 
it  can  at  least  be  tried  tothe satisfac- 
tion of  the  user  without  buildinij  a  si>ec- 
ial  hive  to  experiment  with.  I  believe 
that  shape  and  capacity  are  two  fac- 
tors which  must  be  blended  when  build- 
ing' a  hive  to  obtain  the  best  results. 
The  first  hive  I  mentioned  was  built 
without  reg^ard  to  proper  capacity',  and 
I  believe  the  Lang^stroth  hive  is  built 
without  sufficient  regard  to  its  shape. 
Perhaps  I  had  better  modify  the  last 
remark  and  say  it  is  not  the  best  shape 
in  a  cold  climate  when  bees  are  win- 
tered out  doors. 

The  section  supers  of  my  iiives  are 
made  Js  of  an  inch  larger  and  accom- 
modate    28,    3^8    X   5)4     inch    sections 


with    section    holders    and   fence  sepa- 
rators. 

Perhaps  some  one  may  sugg-est  that 
the  hive  is  too  deep  to  obtain  g^ood  re- 
sults in  surplus.  Remember  the  ca- 
pacity is  equal  to  about  eight  L. 
frames,  and  I  believe  from  my  observa- 
tions, that  the  proper  capacity  has 
more  to  do  with  surplus  g^etting-  than 
shape  of  hive.  I  also  think  that  proper 
shape  has  more  to  do  than  capacity  for 
successful  wintering'. 

Palermo,  Ont.,  Mar.  5,  1906. 

[Let  me  sug^gest  to  Bro.  Smith  and  to 
all  who  think  the  Lang-stroth  frame  is 
too  shallow  for  winter  use,  those  who 
want  a  taller  frame  that  the  stores  may 
be  above  the  bees,  that  they  stand  their 
Langstroth  hive  on  end  in  winter — 
then  they  will  have  deep  frames. — Ed. 
Review.] 


.=>-^>?v^> 


p  ai 


'mrai 


'^ti 


Made  ©f  Cementc 


D.    E.    LHOMMEDIEU. 


¥E  bee-keepers  like  a  little  pepper 
and  salt  sprinkled  in  among-  so 
many  out-yards;  just  to  give  a  little 
seasoning",  I  g-uess,  so  today,  it  will  be 
on  the  subject  of  hive  stands. 

My  hive  stands,  for  nearly  30  years, 
have  been  a  round  stick  of  stove  wood, 
as  long-  as  the  hive  is  wide,  and  split 
in  two,  making'  two  pieces  of  each 
round  of  stick,  the  bearing'  surface  of 
the  hive  bottom  resting'  on  the  round 
side  of  the  sticks,  leaves  a  compara- 
tively small  surface  for  the  retention 
of  rain  and  dampness  to  stay  to  rot  the 
hive  bottom. 

My  brother  made  stands  by  cutting- 
2x4,  and  2x6,  and  2x1  inch  pieces  the 
right  length  for  the  width  of  the  hives, 
and  I  objected    some  at    the  time,  and 


by  using-  them  a  few  years  they  nearly 
rotted  out  the  hive  bottoms. 

Four  bricks,  or  four  stakes  have  so 
much  bearing-  surface  that  it  amounts 
to  much  the  same  thing'  in  holding' 
more  or  less  dampness. 

To  use  tile  is  not  exactly  the  thing, 
in  every  way,  and  the  half-round  sticks 
finally  rot  out,  so  I  am  g'oing'  to  try  a 
cement  stand,  and  I  would  like  the 
opinion  of  the  Review  and  its  readers. 
Here  is  the  way  to  make  them: 

Imagine  a  little  pig  trough  as  long 
as  the  hive  is  wide,  V-shaped,  and  as 
deep  as  you  want  the  stand  block. 
Now  fill  this  with  good,  stiff  mortar, 
one  part  best  cement,  and  two  parts 
sharp  sand.  A  few  strokes  of  the 
trowel  and  it    is   ready   to  dry.     When 


206 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


dry  it  looks  like  the  letter  A,  and  the 
bearing  surface  is  very  small — no  rot. 
Three  galvanized  wires  might  be  laid 
in  the  mortar  a  little  ways  from  each 
of  the  three  edges,  then  they  would  be 
never  breakable.  They  can  be  made  in 
a  V-shaped  wooden  eave  trough,  the 
trough  marked  the  right  length  to  cut 
with  trowel  into  right  lengths;  or  sev- 


eral little  troughs  could  be  all  nailed 
together  with  two  end  pieces. 

The  high  up  stand  has  several  ob- 
jections, and  hives  set  directly  on  the 
ground  don't  last  long. 

Dear  reader  if  you  try  the  cement 
stand  surely  report  some  good  day. 


Colo,  Iowa,  Jan.  6,  1906. 


>^^>S'=<^^^^:^4J'^<^ 


.IS   Me< 


TN  the  very  nature  of  things,  a  social- 
i  ist  must  be  a  sociologist.  A  social- 
ist believes  that  the  material  rewards 
should  be  paid  to  those  who  are  useful, 
that  social  service  should  be  the  meas- 
ure of  success  and  be  paid  for  accord- 
ingly. He  considers  that  the  present 
form  of  society  is  most  unfair  to  the 
worker,  and  is  consequently  desirous 
of  making  radical  changes  in  its  struc- 
ture. He  is  thus  forced  to  study  close- 
ly all  forms  of  society  that  have  been 
upon  this  earth,  are  now,  and  is  then 
led  to  prophecy  what  will  be.  Thus 
he  becomes  a  student  of  society,  a 
sociologist. 

The  bee-hive  has  long  been  an  object 
of  stud  J'  to  sociologists;  therefore  I,  as 
a  socialist,  had  become  interested  in 
the  social  economy  of  the  bee  long  be- 
fore I  ever  possessed  a  colony,  and 
was  fairly  familiar  with  its  philoso- 
phy before  I  ever  touched  a  frame  or 
clipped  the  wing  of  a  queen  bee 

As  a  social  organization,  a  colony  of 
bees  has  no  superior;  possibly  it  may 
have  its  equal  in  a  nest  of  ants,  but  not 
having  studied  these  little  creatures  I 
am  unable  to  express  an  opinion.  In 
human  affairs,  more  especially  in  the 
last  century,  there  is  continual  change. 
Life,  it  is  now  admitted,  is  an  eternal 
adaptation  to  environment;  bee  keepers 
call  it  locality,  and  I  frequently  think 


they  do  not  fully  realize  all  that  is  cov- 
ered by  the  one  word  they  use  so  fre- 
quently. Man  differs  materially  from 
other  forms  of  life  in  this,  that  he 
makes  tremendous  changes  in  his  sur- 
roundings; that  is,  modifies  his  en- 
vironment, and  then  has  to  make  stren- 
uous efforts  to  accommodate  himself  to 
the  new  conditions  that  he  himself 
created.  Curiously  enough,  he  rather 
rebels  against  the  self-compelled, 
structural  alterations  in  his  social 
fabric.  The  reason  being  that  he  con- 
siders self  interest  the  governing  fac- 
tor, and,  therefore,  objects  to  any 
change  that  is  not  evidently  for  his  own 
betterment,  evt-n  though  it  may  be  for 
the  good  of  the  human  race  as  a  whole. 
So,  there  are  stress  and  strain  contin- 
uously in  the  social  organism,  with  im- 
morality continuously  flaunted  in  our 
faces,  of  a  necessary  condition  of  hu- 
man society. 

To  the  socialist,  morality  does  not 
mean  certain  actions  that  one  must  not 
do.  He  views  the  question  in  a  ver_y 
much  broader  light.  He  realizes  the 
struggle  for  existence,  the  keen  com- 
petition between  individuals,  and  to 
him  morality  means  the  shifting  of  the 
struggle  from  a  lower  to  a  higher  plane. 
In  simple  savagery,  the  competition  is 
purely  physical;  and  there  the  man  of 
powerful  build  satisfies  his  desires  at 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


207 


the  expense  of  those  who  are  less  for- 
tunate in  the  development  of  bone  and 
brawn.  In  civilization  we  forbid  the 
use  of  ph3'sical  force  in  the  contest, 
and,  as  a  consequence,  the  strife  is  now 
on  the  i/U'ti/a/  plRnc:  so  the  rewards  go 
to  the  man  who  is  mentally  acute,  even 
if  the  brain  development  be  of  the 
predatory  type.  The  end  is  not  yet, 
and  the  predominant  thought  of  civili- 
zation, today,  is  how  to  restrain  the 
strong  man  mentally  as  our  ancestors 
curbed  the  strong  man  physically',  and 
thus  shift  the  struggle  to  another,  and, 
we  hope,  a  higher  plane;  that  is,  the 
moral  one. 

The  purpose  of  moralit}',  this  long 
array  of  don'ts,  we  thus  see,  is  to  re- 
strain the  strong  man  in  his  might 
that  he  may  give  his  weaker  fellows 
not  merely  a  chance  to  live — but  to  en- 
joy living  Any  man,  therefore,  who 
acts  up  to  the  limits  of  his  power, 
whether  physical  or  mental,  and  at- 
tains success  at  the  expense  of  his  fel- 
lows, is  immoral,  and  his  success  con- 
sequentlj'  becomes  the  measure  of  his 
immoralit}'.  The  socialist  complains 
that  the  ethics  of  today  are  not  moral, 
they  are  merely  non-immoral,  that  is 
to  say,  they  consist  of  so  many  don'ts 
when  he  considers  that  they  ought  to 
be  dos.  He  holds  that  the  reward, 
whether  in  money  or  in  fame,  should 
go  to  the  individual  who  works  for  the 
good  of  the  human  race,  not  to  the  one 
who  thinks  onl}'  of  self,  limiting  his 
energy  only  by  what  public  opinion 
forbids  him  to  do. 

In  the  light  ot  these  ideas,  let  us  ex- 
amine a  bee  hive,  and  I  think  we  will 
fird  in  it  a  very  interesting  series  of 
contrasts.  First,  we  will  find  that 
bees  have  evidently  solved  the  great 
problem  of  adapting  themselves  to 
natural  conditions,  or,  to  put  it  plain- 
ly, they  have  attained  stable  equilib- 
rium with  their  environment.  To  them, 
as  with  us,  the  food-supply  is  all  im- 
portant. The  human  race  frequently 
outruns    it,  and    then    famine  lavs   its 


awful  grip  on  mankind,  and  wipes 
millions  out  of  existence.  Bees  display 
greater  wisdom,  and  very,  ver3',  rarelj' 
do  they  bring  into  existence  more  in- 
dividuals than  can  be  comfortably  fed. 
To  attain  this  highly  desirable  condi- 
tion, restriction  of  conduct  has  been 
enforced  upon  them  in  the  process  of 
evolution,  the  most  noticeable  being 
the  emphatic  difference  in  the  sexual 
relationship  that  characterizes  them  as 
compared  with  most  forms  of  life  on 
this  earth.  Whatever  may  have  been 
the  originating  cause,  we  now  know 
that  sexual  immorality  has  been  ban- 
ished from  a  bee  hive,  and,  as  a  con- 
sequence, life  has  become  more  sure  to 
the  individuals  by  a  greater  certainty 
of  food  supply  to  each.  I  need  not  en- 
large upon  the  purposeful  restriction 
of  the  numbers  during  times  of  dearth, 
as  that  is  well  known  to  every  bee 
keeper. 

Bees  may  or  may  not  be  intelligent, 
a  discussion  of  the  pros  and  cons  on 
this  point  would  take  up  too  much 
time  and  space,  but  I  think  it  will  be 
admitted  that  the  sterile  workers  are 
of  a  higher  nervous  temperament  than 
are  the  queen  and  drones.  It  seems  to 
be  a  law  of  life  that  the  less  developed 
the  individual  is  in  its  nervous  system, 
the  more  prolific  it  is  in  reproduction; 
and  the  converse  is  also  true.  We  see 
it  with  human  beings.  The  rush  of 
modern  society,  the  fierce  mental  com- 
petition, make  a  terrible  strain  on  the 
human  nervous  system,  and,  as  a  con- 
sequence, we  have  the  cry  of  race  sui- 
cide. It  would  seem  that  a  race  is  as 
old  as  its  nervous  system;  and  when 
this  becomes  frazzled  the  stock  is 
doomed  to  extinction.  Reproduction  is 
therefore  confined  in  the  bee  hive  to  the 
stupid  queens  and  drones  while  the 
active,  energetic  worker  is  sterile. 

So  far  I  have  been  discussing  what  I 
have  seen  fit  to  call  non-immorality, 
but  the  predominant  note  in  a  bee  hive, 
it  seems  to  me,  is  active  morality.  The 
form    of   society,   it  would    appear,   is 


208 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


both  communistic  and  anarchistic,  that 
is  to  say,  each  produces  according"  to 
her  abilit}',  and  receives  according  to 
her  needs;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
there  is  evidentlj^  no  direction  as  to  the 
work  each  shall  do.  As  Dr.  Watts  put 
it 

"Each  seems  to  know  both  whereto  go 
And  what  it  has  to  do." 

Each  worker  seemingl_v  works  with 
tremendous  energy,  not  for  the  good  of 
self,  but  for  the  good  of  all;  that  is,  she 
is  actively  moral;  yet  each  would  ap- 
pear to  select,  by  some  unknown  in- 
stinct, the  one  work  that  ought  to  be 
done  by  her.  Since  all  are  equal  pro- 
ducers of  the  food  supply,  all  are  en- 
titled equally  to  a  share  and  get  it, 
thus  there  can  be  no  theft  in  a  bee  hive. 
I  might  in  turn  take  up  the  other  vir- 
tues and  consider  them  in  detail,  but 
the  result,  I  think,  will  always  be  the 
same,  and  demonstrate  that  in  a  bee 
hive  there  is  no  immoralitj',  but  a 
great  amount  of  active  morality.  In 
this  respect  their  social  organism  is 
infinitely  superior  to  that  of  human 
beings. 

Man's  ethics  calls  for  the  support  of 
the  crowd,  or  community,  of  which  he 
is  a  member,  as  against  all  others. 
While  we  demand  the  punishment  of 
all  violators  of  law,  we  would  at  the 
same  time,  condemn  the  members  of  a 
family  who  did  not  stand  by  one  of 
their  number  who  had  perpetrated 
even  an  atrocious  crime.  This  is  a 
relic  of  primitive  ethics.  On  a  larger 
scale  we  demand  that  a  citizen  of  any 
country  shall  fight  for  his  own  nation 
no  matter  the  cause.  "My  country, 
right  or  wrong."  All  nations  hold 
their  territory  only  so  long  as  they  can 
resist  the  invader;  and  thus  powerful 
nations  expand  into  empires  at  the  ex- 
pense of  other  fellow  creatures.  I  re- 
gret to  say  that  the  morality  of  bees 
stops  short  at  their  own  door,  and,  like 
men,  they  never  hesitate  to  rob  the 
members  of  another  community  of  their 
all. 


From  bees  to  bee-keepers  is  but  a 
step,  and  I  would  like,  with  all  gen- 
tleness to  say  a  word  about  them.  I 
notice  in  the  bee  journals  a  great  many 
of  the  contributors  are  men  of  a  de- 
cidedly religious  bent  of  mind,  who 
seldom  miss  an  opportunity  of  inculcat- 
ing their  beliefs,  on  the  side.  One 
such  bee-keeper  informed  me  that  he 
considered  the  cause  of  this  attitude 
was  due  to  the  fact  that  their  occupa- 
tion forced  upon  them  the  opinion  that 
here  was  an  effect  which  must  have 
been  caused  by  a  great  cause  or 
creator.  The  real  reason  is  different. 
All  students  of  sociology  know  that 
each  form  of  society  evolves  a  special 
form  of  religion  suited  to  the  needs  of 
that  particular  time.  The  methods  by 
which  men  produce  and  exchange  the 
necessities  of  life  determine  the  struct- 
ure of  society,  its  laws,  its  morals,  its 
religion,  and  even  its  public  opinion. 
All  the  great  religions  in  existence  in 
the  world  today  took  their  origin  in 
the  pastoral  period  of  humanity,  when 
men  herded  sheep  and  cattle.  There 
were  other  religions  that  preceded 
them  which  have  now  vanished  into 
oblivion.  Bee-keeping  is  one  of  man's 
earliest  occupations.  Canann  was  said 
to  be  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and 
honey.  Agriculture  had  not  yet  de- 
veloped, therefore,  there  was  no  other 
product  but  milk  and  honey,  with  an 
occasional  mutton  chop  or  beef  steak. 
Bee-keeping  then  is  an  industry  of  the 
pastoral  period,  and  bee-keepers  neces- 
sarily fall  into  the  mental  attitude  of 
sheep  herders  and  cattle  grazers.  The 
religion  of  a  pastoral  period  will 
therefore  most  naturally  appeal  to 
them. 

As  an  owner  of  a  colony  of  bees  I  am 
a  capitalist.  I  provide  the  workers 
with  the  factory  and  the  necessary 
tools  of  their  trade.  For  my  reward 
on  my  investment  and  management  of 
the  concern,  I  take  all  the  workers 
produce,  leaving  only  what  is  essential 
for  the  workers  to  live  on  and  perpetu- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


209 


ate  the  species.  In  this  respect  I  am 
like  anj'  other  capitalist,  and  like  him, 
I  would  go  still  further  and  take  every 
drop  of  honey  did  I  not  know  that  by  so 
doing  I  would  deprive  myself  of  all 
future  gain. 

Somewhere,  recentlj',  I  read  of  an 
old  Scotch  Presbyterian,  in  the  State 
of  Illinois,  who  spent  years  trying  to 
find  some  principle  that  would  justify 
him  in  tak'ng  honey  from  his  bees,  and 
at  last,  he  salved  his  conscience  by 
this  form  of  reasoning;  "The  Lord 
intended  bees  to  be  industrious,  but,  if, 
in  one  season,  they  stored  up  enough 
honey  to  last  more  than  one  year,  the 
bees  would  loaf  the  next  summer, 
therefore,  to  compel  obedience  to  the 
Lord's  will,  he  deprived  them  of  all 
surplus  stores."  The  gratifying  of  his 
own  palate  was  merely  incidental. 
My  reason  for  taking  honey  from  my 
bees  i8  because  I  like  it.  Might  is 
right  the  universe  over.  Sometimes 
the  might  is  embodied  in  an  individual 
by  virtue  of  qualities  attached  to  him 
when  he  was  born.  In  civilization,  the 
might  lies  in  the  opinion  of  the  major- 
ity of  the  people  living  at  any  particu- 


lar time.  My  ph^'sical  and  mental 
might  gives  me  control  of  lower  or- 
ganisms, and  whenever  I  can  use  that 
might  to  my  advantage  1  do  so. 

Let  me  conclude  by  referring  to  the 
greatest  tragedy'  in  bee  life.  Nature 
is  red  in  tooth  and  claw,  and  knows 
not  what  justice  is.  No  more  indus- 
trious creature  than  the  honey  bee  lives 
on  earth.  From  dawn  to  dawn  she 
hustles  for  food,  and  from  dark  to 
dawn  prepares  it  and  stores  it  by  for 
the  future.  Human  justice  would  re- 
ward her  by  satisfying  her  hunger 
until  the  moment  of  her  death,  but  Na- 
ture in  gross  injustice  dooms  her  to  die 
of  starvation  far  from  her  home.  Na- 
ture is  la.vish  in  all  that  concerns  re- 
jiroduction,  niggardly  in  what  per- 
tains to  substi nance.  The  drone  is  pro- 
vided with  powerful  wings  for  an  oc- 
casional flight,  the  worker  wears  out 
those  that  are  more  fragile,  in  active 
industry,  and  while  laden  with  her 
sweet  burden,  intended  to  provide 
against  the  future,  drops  wearily  to  the 
earth,  and  there  lingers,  suffering 
the  pangs  of  hunger  until  death  brings 
her  relief 


Iimdl^cli^g  Bees  to  Give  tap  S^j^annrn' 
iimg  Siimdl  Destroy  Qmeeim  CeMso 

D.    CHALMERS. 


EDITOR  REVIEW:  I  have  read 
with  no  little  degree  of  interest  your 
editorial  in  the  November  issue  on 
"The  Control  of  Increase;"  and  I 
notice  that  you  invite  discussion  on  the 
subject.  I  observe,  too,  that  while  so 
■doing,  you  expect  us  also  to  give  our 
plan  of  manipulation,  towards  that 
end,  if  such  a  scheme  we  have. 

I  don't  know  that  there   is  anything 
•in  particular  to  discuss   in   your  valu- 


able article,  except  the  feasibility  of 
that  peep-hole  of  R.  F,  Holtermann's. 
It  is  usually  hard  enough  on  the  back, 
stooping  over  colony  after  colony, 
examining  the  combs  after  being  taken 
from  the  hive,  without  stooping  further 
to  peer  through  a  hole  near  the  bottom 
of  the  back  end  of  the  brood  chamber. 
And  when  we  get  there,  what  is  pre- 
sented to  our  vision?  "The  edge  of  a. 
comb,"    as    you    say,  Mr.  Editor;  and 


210 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


the  chances  are,  none  of  the  cells  the 
hunter  is  in  quest  of.  So  far  as  a 
peep-hole  is  concerned,  I  cannot  see 
that  what  is  hoped  to  be  seen  through 
it  will  be  within  sight. 

It  occurs  to  me,  too,  that  F.  H. 
Cyrenius,  of  New  York,  has  no  small 
job  on  hand  if  he  is  going-  to  hook  one 
or  two  supers  on  to  a  brood  chamber, 
and  tilt  the  whole  thing  sufficiently  to 
enable  him  to  hunt  for  and  destroy  all 
the  queen  cells.  With  parting  the 
cases  of  the  Heddon  hive,  as  that 
"prominent  Canadian"  does,  there  is 
a  great  chance  of  the  bulk  of  the  queen 
cells  being  exposed,  but,  in  either  case, 
neither  of  these  gentlemen  can  leave 
the  hive  feeling  assured  that  all  the 
cells  have  been  destroyed,  although 
such  no  doubt  was  their  intention.  I 
might  just  say,  that  it  is  not  every  hive 
that  will  admit  of  tilting;  as  some  use 
frames  with  top  bars  short  enough  to 
allow  a  bee-space  at  each  end,  and,  in 
such  cases,  the  frames  would  slip  to 
the  lower  end,  thereby  killing  many 
bees,  and  they  could  not  be  got  in 
place  again  without  opening  the  hive 
from  the  top. 

I  remember  trying  Mr.  Cyreniu's 
plan  in  1904,  on  a  hive  of  combs  which 
could  not  be  lifted  from  thkir  place; 
yes,  tried  it  more  than  once,  when  a 
swarm  had  just  issued  from  it,  and 
didn't  find  all  of  the  queen  cells,  as 
they  swarmed  and  swarmed  until  sat- 
isfied. 

But  why  all  this  fuss  hunting  for  and 
destroying  queen  cells  when  there  is  a 
possibility  of  managing  the  bees  so  as 
to  have  them  do  that  job  themselves, 
and,  if  that  can  be  accomplished,  it 
will  be  done  far  more  efficiently  than 
by  the  hand  of  man,  for,  occasionally, 
we  overlook  a  queen  cell  even  when 
examining  each  comb  separately. 

In  the  year  1903  I  was  short  of  comb 
foundation,  and,  as  a  result,  a  couple 
of  colonies  built  their  combs  across  the 
frames,  and  couldn't  be  handled  any 
more  than  bees  in  an  old-time  box-hive. 


I  purposed  getting  them  out  of  those 
hives  in  1904,  but  didn't  get  my  inten- 
tion carried  out;  however,  my  plan  was 
put  into  execution  this  past  summer, 
and  worked  admirably,  so  much  so 
that  it  led  me  to  do  some  experiment- 
ing along  the  line  of  swarm  controlling, 
going  about  it  in  this  fashion:  The 
honey  boards  were  removed  from  those 
to  be  treated,  and  a  hive  containing  old 
brood  combs  set  on  each  of  them  which 
was  an  inducement  for  a  queen  to  lay. 
In  a  couple  of  days  I  found  the  queen, 
in  both  instances,  in  the  upper  case. 
The  comb  on  which  the  queen  was 
found  was  set  aside  until  the  upper 
hive  could  be  lifted  off  the  one  with  the 
crooked  combs,  the  comb  having  the 
queen  was  then  replaced,  a  queen  ex- 
cluder placed  on  top  of  the  hive  and 
said  hive  set  on  the  crooked  combed 
hive  stand,  the  latter  then  set  on  top  of 
the  one  containing  the  queen  and  her 
fresh  start;  or,  in  other  words,  the 
position  of  the  two  brood  chambers 
was  exchanged. 

In  the  course  of  a  week  or  ten  daj's 
this  hive  of  crooked  combs  was  lifted  a 
story  higher,  and  a  hive  of  empty  ex- 
tracting combs  placed  in  its  stead.  At 
the  end  of  three  weeks  from  the  time 
the  queen  went  upstairs,  the  hive  of 
crooked  comb  was  removed,  the  brood 
then  haying  had  ample  time  for  ma- 
turity. 

My  scheme  worked  successfully  in 
both  of  those  instances,  and  I  went  on 
putting  other  strong  colonies  through 
the  same  ordeal,  colonies  that  oould  be 
opened  and  their  condition  ascv  rtained. 
It  was  a  success  on  colonies  which  had 
queen  cells  within   two   days  >■•  ng 

sealed  over.  As  surely  as  the  queen 
starts  to  laying  in  the  new  brood 
chamber,  just  so  surely'  will  the  bees 
destroy  all  the  queen  cells  regardless 
of  the   ige  of  their  larvae. 

I         almost  needless   for   me    to  dic- 

tat<  intelligent    bee:keepers    .is    to 

"hat        jest  to  be  done  with  the  hive  of 

r    ig  brood,  as  when  once  it  takes 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


211 


the  place  of  the  second  story,  two 
courses  are  open.  In  a  week  or  ten 
days,  either  set  it  on  a  new  stand  to 
form  a  separate  colony,  when  a  queen 
or  queen  cell  must  be  g^iven  it,  or  the 
bees  can  be  shook  oil",  and  the  combs 
of  brood  divided  among^  weak  colonies. 
Such  combs  would  make  a  good  at- 
traction in  other  strong-  colonies  to  get 
the  queen  up,  or  they  could  be  lifted 
bodily  to  the  third  story,  as  in  the  case 
of  my  crooked  comb.  Have  the  honey 
extracted  at  the  end  of  three  weeks 
from  the  time  the  queen  left  them,  and 
you  have  a  fine  set  of  brood  combs 
which  can  be  used  for  such  purposes  as 
replacing  the  whitest  combs  in  brood 
chambers,  etc. 


I  might  just  add  that  my  hive  con- 
tains scarcely  2,000  cubic  inches;  and  I 
think  when  filled  with  honey,  is 
heavy  enough  for  a  man  to  lift  high, 
and  almost  too  much  for  the  weaker 
sex  bee-keepers. 

Poor.K,  Out.,  Dec.  1st,  19()r). 

[I  did  not  understand  that  Messrs. 
Holterman  and  Cyrenius  had  any  idea 
of  preventing-  swarming-  b\'  cutting-  out 
queen  cells;  their  desire,  as  I  under- 
stand it,  was  to  learn  if  the  bees  were 
making  preparations  to  swarm,  and,  if 
so,  they  v'^ould  swarm  them  artificially, 
probably  "shake"  them.  None  of 
them  expected  to  prevent  swarming 
simpl3'  by  cutting  out  queen  cells. — Ed. 
Review.  ] 


»^fc*^FU*»^fcP^^k^m^U»^^^^«F1t»^*^*rf*^^*^*^*jrfcFk^^*li^*FkF^^»^»^*^^^k^te^^^U»U»U*»^U»^F^*»^^l^U»U»»^>U»fc^»**>>U»^F** 


Itori 


and  then  he  paints  one  side  white  to 
use  turned  up  in  summer,  and  the  other 
side  dark  red  to  turn  up  in  winter  or 
spring.  He  discarded  quilts  and  oil 
oil  cloths  years  ago. 


■»ii,"/»rf^*i«». 


The  Rural  Bee  Keeper  has  been  re- 
duced in  price  to  fifty  cents  a  year. 

The  American  Bee  Journal  has  come 
out  with  some  very  neat,  departmental 
headings. 

The  Editorial  work  of  this  issue  of  the 
Review  has  nearly  all  been  done  with 
the  roar  of  honey  laden  bees  in  my 
ears. 

A  Magnet  is  the  thing  with  which  to 
pick  up  small  iron  nails  if  you  spill 
them  in  the  grass,  says  J.  A.  Green  in 
Gleanings. 

The  Honey  Producers'  League,  or,  the 
w  y    of    its  members,  to  be  exact, 

has  voted  to  turn  over  to  the  National 
the  balance  of  the  funds  on  hand,  a 
trifle  over  Si, 400,  the  National  to  use  it 
for  the  same  purposes  that  it  was 
raised  by  the  League. 

Walter  Harmer,    of    Manistee  hi- 

gan,  prefers  flat  board  cover  xs  i« 
the    case   with    a  lot  of    sengib. 


One  Thousand  bee-keepers,  or  some- 
thing in  that  neighborhood,  were  pres- 
ent at  the  Bee-Keepers'  Field  Day,  a 
recent  gathering  at  Jenkintown,  a 
suburb  of  Philadelphia.  I  should 
dearly  loved  to  have  been  present,  but 
there  were  too  many  irons  in  the  fire 
to  allow  of  my  going. 


««.*^»<*»'«««j^ 


Downwardly  Projecting  Cleats  on  the 
ends  of  hive-covers  are  obiected  to  by 
Dr.  C.  C.  Miller,  in  Gleanings,  as  he 
says  that  they  make  the  cover  unneces- 
sarily long,  and  are  more  difficult  to 
put  on  without  killing  bees.  I  see  no 
objection  to  an  increase  of  two  or  three 
inches  in  the  length  of  a  cover,  and,  if 
the  cover  is  made  long  enough  there  is 
no  trouble  about  killing  bees  when 
putting  it  on. 


212 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Control  of  Increase  brouj^ht  out  a 
large  number  of  most  excellent  arti- 
cles, but,  as  the  season  of  swarming' 
and  increase  has  now  passed,  it  seems 
to  me  it  will  be  better  to  wait  until 
next  spring  before  publishing  any  more 
on  the  subject.  This  v  ill  explain  to 
some  why  their  articles  do  not  appear. 

In  Northern  Michigan,  is  where  I  am 
at  present,  (July  16)  and  have  been  for 
the  past  week,  helping  to  rig  up  honey 
houses  and  tents,  extracting  honey, 
etc.,  and  I  may  remain  here  another 
week.  My  brother  Elmer  and  one  of 
his  boys  is  now  at  the  Morey  yard  ex- 
tracting, and  one  boy  and  his  mother 
are  at  home  extracting,  while  another 
boy  and  myself  are  at  the  Boardman 
yard  extracting.  I'll  tell  you  more 
about  it  next  month. 

Getting  Queen  Cells  built  by  the  sup- 
erseding of  the  queen,  because  one  of 
her  legs  has  been  cut  oil",  has  been 
practiced  and  recommended  by  Mr. 
Thos.  Broderick,  of  New  York.  This 
plan  does  not  seem  to  be  infallible, 
but  Mr.  E.  F.  Atwater,  of  Idaho, 
writes  me  that  it  succeeds  with  him  six 
times  out  of  seven.  He  gets  the  cells 
started  by  using  the  Pratt  swarm-box 
and  wood-cells;  then,  in  from  18  to  24 
hours  he  gives  from  10  to  16  of  these 
cells  to  a  superseding  colony,  and  gets 
fine  results. 

Cement  Hive  Stands  are  mentioned  in 
this  issue  of  the  Review,  and  I  might 
add  thatC.  A.  Olmstead,  of  New  York, 
has  also  written  in  their  favor,  but  I 
think  he  has  a  different  style  than  has 
Mr.  Lhommedieu,  as  he  says  that  for 
five  cents  he  can  make  a  stand  24x36 
inches,  and  he  mentions  the  advantage 
that  they  keep  down  the  grass  By 
the  way,  Mr.  Olmstead  objects  to  hav- 
ing more  than  one  colony  on  a  single 
stand  a  la  ToW^nsend.  The  work  with 
one   colony    annoys  the  others.      Some 


colonies  don't  seem  to  mind  it,  but 
others  boil  out  and  make  life  miserable 
for  the  operator. 

Protests  appear  frequently  in  the  bee 
journals  against  depending  upon  the 
Alexander  plan  of  treatment  for  curing 
foul  brood.  The  treatment  is  simply 
that  of  removing  the  queen  allowing 
the  bees  to  rear  another.  The  vital 
point  is  that  it  allows  all  the  brood  to 
hatch,  and  that  the  bees  clean  out  the 
cells  most  completely  in  anticipation  of 
the  laying  of  the  young  queen.  By  the 
way,  Mr.  Alexander  has  never  said 
that  it  would  cure  the  old  fashioned  or 
American  foul  brood,  but  others,  espe- 
cially Mr.  Simmins  of  England,  assert 
that  a  cure  may  thus  be  effected.  So 
long  as  there  are  cells  of  infected  honey 
in  the  hive,  it  seems  to  me  that  it 
would  be  impossible  to  get  rid  of  the 
disease. 

The  Arrangements  for  extracting  at 
the  two  apiaries  where  there  are  honey 
houses,  are  as  follows:  A  platform 
about  three  feet  high  is  built  for  the 
extractor,  and  this  platform  is  large 
enougli  to  allow  room  for  the  operator 
to  stand,  also  for  two  or  three  hives  of 
combs.  On  a  platform  a  little  lower 
stands  a  tub  of  galvanized  iron  with  a 
honej'  gate  at  the  bottom,  and  the  top 
covered  with  cheese  cloth  for  straining 
the  honey.  By  the  way  this  cheese 
cloth  must  be  fastened  very  firmlj',  or 
the  weight  of  the  honey  will  pull  it 
down.  Ordinary  twine  won't  answer. 
A  small  rope  is  needed,  and  this  must 
be  drawn  tight  by  putting  on  a  stick 
and  twisting  up  the  top.  The  honey 
runs  from  the  extractor  into  the  tub, 
passing  through  the  strainer  on  its 
way,  then  below  the  tub,  on  a  pair  of 
scales,  stands  the  can  to  be  filled,  the 
scales  being  set  at  the  right  weight  to 
just  fill  ihe  can.  Then  there  is  the 
electrical  alarm  attachment  to  give 
notice  when  the  scale-beam  rises  up, 
as  explained  in  another  place. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


213 


We  iinc.Tp  into  a  cracker  barrel  hav- 
ing six-inch  leg^s  attached,  and  stand- 
ing' over  a  tub  of  galvanized  iron. 
Three  or  four  holes  are  bored  in  the 
bottom  of  the  barrel.  The  cappings 
can  stand  and  drain  for  weeks,  and 
when  we  are  ready  to  render  them  in- 
to wax  it  will  be  necessary  only  to  cut 
the  hoops,  and  pull  off  the  staves,  and 
there  will  stand  the  big  cake  of  cap- 
pings  all  ready  to  break  up  and  render 
into  wax. 


««^«^^^m.»w 


Would  Cellar  Wintering  be  an  Advantage 
in  Warm  Climates  ? 

13.  A.  Hadsell  of  Arizona,  suggests 
that  cellar  wintering  might  be  an  ad- 
vantage even  in  those  locations,  like  his 
own,  where  bees  can  fly  frequently 
during  the  winter.  He  says  that  this 
very  activity  causes  late  breeding  a 
great  consumption  of  stores,  and  he  is 
inclined  to  believe  that  this  would  be  a 
great  saving  in  stores  if  the  bees  were 
put  into  a  cellar  in  the  fall,  just  the 
same  as  they  are  here  in  the  North. 

Of  course  only  actual  experience 
would  settle  this  point,  but  I  should 
doubt  the  advisability  of  putting  bees 
into  a  cellar  until  they  had  at  least 
stopped  breeding;  and  there  are  some 
of  us  here  in  the  North  who  would 
gladly  allow  the  extra  consumption  of 
stores  for  the  suretj'  of  safe  wintering 
that  comes  from  frequent  winter 
flights. 


«««<»^u»*^*» 


Let   the    Truth    Regarding   the   Crop    be 
Published. 

The  bee  journals  and  some  of  their 
correspondents  have  been  severely  crit- 
izised  for  publishing  the  reports  of  big 
crops  of  hone3'.  It  is  said  that  the 
dealers  get  hold  of  these  reports  and 
use  them  to  bear  down  the  price. 
While  there  may  be  some  truth  in  this, 
I  think  no  harm  would  result  if  the 
poor  yields  were  also  given.  Some 
producers  seem  to  think  that  it  would 
be  a  nice  thing  to  conceal  the  fact  of  a 
large  crop  until  it  could  be  unloaded 


upon  the  dealers.  Such  a  course 
would  surely  result  in  harm  in  the  end, 
even  if  it  could  be  brought  about. 
Long  experience  has  made  dealers 
wary.  They  won't  "load  up,"  except 
at  a  very  low  jirice,  until  they  are  sat- 
isfied what  the  crop  lias  been.  Let  me 
give  just  one  illustration:  A  grocer  in 
our  town  met  me  on  the  street  last  fall 
and  said:  "How  is  the  hone}'  crop, 
Hutchinson?  You  ought  to  know  if  any 
man  does.  I  had  a  l,0(iO  pounds  of 
nice  comb  honey  offered  me  last  week 
at  a  shilling  a  pound,  but  I  didn't 
dare  to  buy  it,  even  at  that  figure,  for 
I  didn't  know  anything  what  the  crop 
had  been.  I  offered  the  man  ten  cents 
for  it.  That  was  all  I  dared  to  give." 
I  told  him  that  the  crop,  as  a  whole, 
all  over  the  country,  was  very  light. 
It  was  fair  here  in  Michigan,  but 
much  of  it  would  be  shipped  out,  and 
he  would  be  perfectly  safe  in  paying  a 
shilling  a  pound  for  nice  comb  honey. 
"Well,"  he  said,  "if  the  man  comes  in 
again,  I'll  buy  it,  but,  not  knowing 
what  the  crop  was,  I  was  afraid  of  pay- 
ing too  much."  You  see,  lack  of 
knowledge,  on  the  part  of  the  dealer, 
regarding  what  the  harvest  has  been, 
tends  to  depress  the  market.  If  all 
parties  know  exactly,  truthfully,  what 
the  crop  has  been,  it  is  an  advantage 
to  all  concerned 


*tP'%W^f  tfmf 


One  Instance  Where  Long-Range  Bee- 
Keeping  Fell  Behind. 
We  have  already  had  one  illustra- 
tion of  what  may  happen  when  bees 
are  left  for  a  long  time  to  care  for 
themselves.  When  the  bees  were  dug 
out  of  the  clamps  where  Mr.  Cavanagh, 
or  his  man,  buried  them  last  fall  at 
South  Boardman,  we  discovered  that 
some  of  them  were  short  of  stores,  and, 
about  two  weeks  later,  they  were  fed 
loO  ponnds  of  sugar,  which  we  thought 
would  be  sufficient  to  carry  them 
through.  I  had  a  sick  spell  which 
kept  me  at  home  for  3.  month,  and 
Elmer   was  busy  picking  up  and  mov- 


214 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


ing^,  and  we  did  not  see  these  bees 
again  for  five  or  six  weeks,  when  I 
went  to  move  them  to  their  permanent 
location,  when  I  found  that  some  five 
or  six  colonies  had  starved,  and  twice 
as  many  more  were  very  short  of 
stores,  and  had  little  brood  as  the  re- 
sult. Perhaps  half  of  the  colonies 
were  in  pretty  fair  condition.  My  own 
bees,  at  home,  were  short  of  stores, 
and  I  knew  they  were,  but  by  going- 
over  them  twice  and  equalizing  the 
stores,  then  by  feeding  after  apple 
bloom  until  the  opening  of  white 
clover,  they  were  brought  up  to  the 
harvest  with  hives  full  of  bees  and 
brood — the  best,  I  think,  that  I  ever 
saw    bees    at   that    time    of    the   year. 

There  are  a  great  many  things  that  a 
man  can  do  for  his  bees,  or  with  them, 
if  they  are  constantly  under  his  care, 
that  are  impossible  with  out-apiaries, 
or  "long-range"  bee-keeping.  If  a 
man  is  going  to  have  an  out-apiary 
that  is  visited  only  at  intervals,  he 
must  do  one  of  three  things:  leave 
sufficient  stores  in  the  hives,  at  the  end 
of  the  season,  to  carry  the  bees  through 
to  another  season;  or  feed  them  in  the 
fall  until  they  have  sufficient;  or  else 
he  must  save  out  combs  of  honey  in  the 
fall  to  give  them  in  the  spring,  which 
is  the  most  satisfactory  way  of  feeding 
bees  in  the  spring,  especially  in  an 
out-apiary. 

I  might  say,  in  self-defense,  that 
these  bees  ought  to  have  been  fed  the 
previous  autumn.  They  zvere  fed  some, 
but  not  enough — the  feeding  was  de- 
layed until  it  was  too  late.  It  will  be 
seen,  however,  that  this  point  could 
have  been  remedied  had  the  bees  been 
under  constant  supervision.  If  bees 
are  managed  on  the  "long-range" 
plan,  such  breaks  as  this  must  be 
guarded  against. 

( )f  course,  I  need  not  have  told  of 
this,  but,  apiculturalljs  I  expect  to 
live  in  a  glass  house  the  coming  sea- 
son, and  if  I  make  mistakes,  or  meet 
with  reverses,  they  will  be  seen. 


An  Electrical  Alarm  When  a  Vessel  is  Full 
of  Honey. 

One  of  the  most  exasperating  of 
things  that  can  happen  to  a  bee-keeper 
is  to  have  the  vessel  that  he  is  filling 
become  full  to  overflowing,  and  the 
honey  stand  around  on  the  floor  in 
great  puddles.  Unless  some  precau- 
tion is  taken,  this  is  almost  certain  to 
happen  when  filling  60-lb  cans.  One 
plan  is  to  have  a  float  in  the  can,  with 
a  light  standard  attached  that  will 
reach  up  through  the  opening,  when  a 
glance  at  the  float  will  show  how  full 
the  can  has  been  filled.  If  this  glance 
is  neglected  or  forgotten  a  little  too 
long  there  is  disaster.  It  will  not 
answer  to  attempt  to  do  some  other 
work,  and  depend  upon  "remember- 
ing" to  watch  the  cans. 

The  only  way  that  I  know  of  where- 
by a  man  can  fill  cans  and  still  work 
at  something  else  near  by,  is  to  have 
an  electric  alarm,  an  arrangement  that 
will  ring  an  alarm  bell  when  the  can 
is  full.  I  am  using  such  an  arrange- 
ment this  season  with  great  satisfac- 
tion. Perhiips  others  have  had  a 
similar  arrangement,  but  I  do  not  re- 
member seeing  a  description,  and  the 
plan  was  certainly  original  with 
myself. 

Almost  every  one  is  familiar  with 
the  electric  bell,  that  rings  when  a 
current  of  electricity  is  sent  through 
its  mechanism.  The  electric  door  bell 
is  a  familiar  example.  When  the  but- 
ton in  the  door  is  pressed,  an 
electric  circuit  is  completed,  and, 
as  a  result  the  door  bell  rings  out  in 
the  kitchen  or  where  ever  it  is  placed. 
If  the  complete  filling  of  a  can  or  bar- 
rel with  honey  could  be  made  to  com- 
plete an  electric  circuit  within  which 
was  an  electric  bell,  then  an  alarm 
would  be  given.  I  solved  the  problem 
by  so  arranging  matters  that  the  rais- 
ing of  the  brass  beam  on  a  pair  of 
platform  scales  closed  the  circuit. 


IHE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


215 


1  used  an  ordinarj' door  electric  bell, 
and  dry  batter^',  such  as  can  be  bought 
at  almost  any  hardware  for  half  a 
dollar.  Or  it  cm  be  bought  of  Mout- 
gomerj'  Ward  ».'v:  Co.,  or  other  mail 
order  houses.  Connect  the  battery  and 
the  bell  b}'  tlie  insulated  wire  that 
comes  with  the  bell,  then  cut  one  of  the 
wires  in  two,  scrape  off  the  covering 
for  a  distance  of  two  or  three  inches 
from  each  end,  wind  one  end  around 
the  upright  iron  standard  of  the  scales, 
and  support  the  other  end  just  slightlj'^ 
above  the  brass  beam  when  it  is  down. 
Put  3'our  tin  can  on  the  scales,  set 
them  to  the  desired  weight,  turn  on 
the  honey,  and  go  about  y«.  ur  business, 
if  the  business  is  not  out  of  sound  of 
the  bell.  As  soon  as  the  requisite 
amount  of  honey  has  run  iu,  the 
beam  will  rise  and  touch  the  wire, 
thus  completing  the  circuit  and 
ringing  the  bell. 

The  scales  may  be  set  a  pound  or 
two  short,  and  then  set  at  the  correct 
weight  after  the  alarm  has  been  given, 
and  the  filling  completed. 

My  honey  is  strained  as  fast  as  ex- 
extracted,  and  run  directly  into  the 
cans,  and,  by  use  of  this  alarm,  it  is 
an  easy  matter  for  those  who  are  ex- 
tracting to  fill  the  cans  at  the  same 
time  with  no  danger  whatever  of  those 
overflowing  accidents. 


rf^*T*^i«*mi^« 


The  Honey  Producers'  League  Turns  Over 

Its  Funds  to  the  National — Just  How 

Shall  the  Money  Be  Used? 

The  Honey  Producers'  League  was 
organized  with  the  idea  in  view  of  ad- 
vertising honey,  counteracting  misrep- 
resentations regarding  its  purit}',  and 
using  all  possible  means  of  increasing 
its  sale.  For  several  reasons  it  did 
not  meet  with  the  success  that  its  pro- 
moters had  hoped  would  come.  Bee- 
keepers did  not  rally  and  come  forward 
with  their  money  and  support  as  it 
was  expec  ed  that  the3'  would.     Many 


believed  that  the  League  was  started 
in  opposition  to  the  National,  and  this 
roused  a  feeling  of  resentment.  To 
quiet  all  of  this  feeling,  the  Directors 
proposed,  at  their  last  meeting,  to  turn 
over  to  the  National  the  funds  in  the 
possession  of  the  League,  providing 
that  the  members  of  the  League  were 
willing,  and,  further,  that  the  National 
would  use  the  money  for  the  same  pur- 
poses for  which  it  was  originally  con- 
tributed. It  was  also  suggested  that 
the  National,  in  case  it  accepted  the 
money,  should  appoint  a  committee  to 
decide  in  exactly  what  way  the  money 
should  be  used  to  advance  the  sale  of 
honey.  The  Directors  of  the  National 
voted  to  accept  the  money  {%\  ,408.27 
and  the  chairman  of  the  board,  Mr. 
R  L.  Taylor,  has  appointed,  as  this 
committee,  the  General  Manager  of  the 
National,  Mr.  N.  E.  France,  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  League,  your  humble 
servant,  W.  Z.  Hutchinson. 

As    a  member   of    that    committee,  I 
would  be  very  thankful  for  suggestions. 
I  will  suggest  something  first,  and  that 
may  set  others  to  thinking      The  first 
thing  that  comes  to  me,  in  this  line,  is 
the  publication  of  short  articles  in  the 
p:itent   "insitles"  of    papers— in    what 
has  been    termed   "boiler   plate"   mat- 
ter.     Most  people   are  aware  that  in  a 
large  number  of  newspapers,  only  one 
half  of   the  paper  is  printed  at    home- 
In  Chicago,  and  some  of  the  other  large 
cities,  are    publishing   houses  the   sole 
business  of  which  is  the  preparing  and 
printing  of  these  "patent  insides, "  for 
newspapers.      1  he    general   news,  and 
miscellaneous    matter  is  printed  upon 
one  side  of    thousands  and  thousands 
of  sheets,  and  these  sheets   are   sold  to 
newspapers  all  over    the  country,  and 
the    home  news    is  then   printed    upon 
the  other  side      There  are,   of    course, 
different  sized  sheets  made  up,  and  the 
matter  is  not   the  same  on  all  of    them, 
and    two  papers  in  the  same  town,  or 
near  each  other,  are  not  furnished  the 
same  "inside. " 


216 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


In  the  first  place,  the  Board  of  Di- 
rectors should  employ  the  very  best 
talent,  that  the  money  will  allow,  to 
write  short,  readable  articles,  adapted 
to  the  public  taste,  and  these  articles 
should  have  as  their  main  object  (al- 
though that  need  not  appear  on  the 
surface)  the  healthfulness  and  deli- 
ciousness  of  honey.  Incidentally,  the 
canards  about  artificial  comb  honey 
should  be  combated  with  good  sound 
arguments. 

Suppose  we  had  25  or  30  articles  of 
this  kind  prepared  by  our  very  best 
men,  paying  them  liberally,  so  that 
they  could  take  pains  to  get  the  matter 
into  the  very  best  shape,  then  let  some 
man  like  Ernest  Root  or  Dr.  Miller  or 
Bro.  York  be  sent  to  these  "boiler 
plate"  houses,  with  the  articles  on 
hand,  and  make  arrangements  for  their 
publication.  It  is  not  likely  that  there 
would  be  much,  if  any,  charge,  for 
their  publication,  as  they  would  be 
really  good,  readable  matter,  such  as 
these  houses  are  glad  to  get. 

It  might  be  well,  also,  to  have  half  a 
dozen  magazine  articles  prepared, 
illustrating  them  with  good  photos., 
and  into  these  articles  weave  the  same 
ideas  in  regard  to  the  healthfulness 
and  purity  of  honey,  and  the  folly  of 
the  so-called  Wiley  lie. 

It  would  not  cost  very  much  to  carry 
out  this  scheme,  and,  it  seems  to  me, 
for  the  amount  of  money  that  we  have 
to  spend,  we  would  get  more  out  of  it 
than  in  any  other  wa3'.  Suppose  we 
start  that  way  and  see  how  it  pans  out. 


fc»u»'»^^'ii»»." 


Have  a  Colony  on  the  Scales. 
This  year,  for  the  first  time,  have  I 
had  a  colony  on  the  scales,  and  it  is 
well  worth  the  cost  simply  for  the  sat- 
isfaction of  knowing  exactly,  each  day 
what  the  harvest  has  been.  And  this 
knowledge  is  sometimes  of  real,  prac- 
tical value.  The  demonstration  that 
bees  make,  the  flying  about,  in  and  out 
of  their  hives,  is    not    always,  I    have 


found,  a  sure  indication  of  the  amount 
of  honey  being  gathered.  Sometimes 
they  are  working  steadily,  in  a  quiet 
sort  of  way,  yet  they  are  bringing  in 
big  loads  of  honey.  Of  course,  an  ex- 
perienced man  gives  a  close  guess,  when 
working  in  the  apiary,  as  to  the 
amount  of  honey  coming  in,  but  the  use 
of  scales  shows  that  at  least  one  man 
can  be  badly  fooled. 

If  you  have  given  all  of  the  colonies 
super  room,  and  the  flow  continues 
light,  say,  only  two  or  three  pounds 
per  day,  you  will  know,  without  even 
opening  a  hive,  that  no  more  room  is 
needed.  If  the  yield  runs  up  to  seven 
or  eight  pounds,  and  continues  two  or 
three  days,  it  is  a  sure  indication  that 
more  room  will  be  needed  on  some  of 
the  colonies.  A  colony  on  the  scales 
allows  the  operator  to  "feel  the  pulse" 
of  the  apiary,  so  to  speak. 

A  colony  is  always  from  one  to  two 
pounds  lighter  in  the  morning  than  in 
the  evening,  caused,  I  suppose,  from 
the  evaporation  of  the  nectar  during 
the  night.  Then,  after  the  bees  go  out 
to  work,  and  are  in  full  flight,  the 
weight  drops  to  another  two  or  three 
pounds.  If  the  yield  is  good,  the  scales 
will  begin  to  balance  again  iibout 
noon. 

The  largest  yield  that  I  have  had  in 
one  day  was  9%  pounds — the  smallest 
two  pounds.  One  day  it  was  cold  and 
the  wind  blew  hard,  and  there  was  a 
loss  of  two  pounds. 

By  the  way,  I  have  noticed  that  the 
wind  is  a  very  serious  obstacle  to  the 
gathering  of  honey.  Possibly  it  has 
some  eff^ect  upon  the  secretion  of 
honey.  It  certainly  hinders  the  bees 
in  their  flight.  There  has  been  no 
good  yield  on  a  windy  day. 

If  you  haven't  a  hive  on  the  scales, 
put  one  there.  You  can  get  a  pair  of 
platform  scales  for  only  $3.00,  and  it 
is  worth  the  cost,  simply  in  the  pleas- 
ure and  satisfaction  of  knowing  each 
night,  exactly  how  much  honey  has 
been  brought  in. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


21^ 


BLACK  BROOD. 


It  Appears  to  Be  Spreading   in  Different 
Parts  of  ttie  Country. 

New  York  bee-keepers  tiavecertainlj' 
had  a  serious  time  in  the  past  few 
years  with  what  has  been  called  blnck 
brood,  but  what  the  scientists  now  de- 
clare is  the  real  foul  hrood,  caused  bj' 
Bacillus  Alve?;  while  ^'.cy  declare  that 
what  we  Americans  h.i\e  been  contend- 
inR-  with  an<l  callin},'^  foul  brood  is  not 
the  disease  ca[used  by  h'aiilhts  Alvei. 
The  real,  or  what  inig-ht  be  called 
European  foul  brood,  or  what  we  have 
been  calling  black  brood,  seems  to  be 
really  more  virulent  and  destructive 
than  the  old  fashioned  foul  brood. 
Foul  brood,  as  we  have  known  it,  is 
often  quite  slow  in  its  work,  attacking- 
a  cell  here  and  there,  at  first,  and 
often  requiring  two  3'ears  to  destroy  a 
colony.  When  black  brood  attacks  a 
colony,  yreat  masses  of  brood  are 
killed  at  once,  as  thoug-h  a  giant  with 
poisoned  breath  had  breathed  into  the 
hive,  and  tlie  colony  is  gone  in  a  few 
weeks. 

For  two  years  this  European  foul 
brood,  or  black  brood,  has  been  lurking 
in  Southwestern  ^Michigan,  and  it  now 
seems  to  be  making  its  appearance  in 
other  parts  of  the  country,  as  will  be 
gathered  from  the  following  that  ap- 
pears in  the  last  issue  of  (rleanings: 

Anywhere  from  one  to  half  a  dozen 
specimens  of  affected  brood  are  being 
sent  us  every  week  during  the  siunmer. 
I  have  been  fearful  for  some  time  that, 
in  addition  to  the  regular  foul  brood  so 
named  in  this  country,  we  have  been 
getting  specimens  of  blac'k  brood,  or-, 
what  the  United  States  and  Cornell 
bacteriologists  call  the  European  foul 
brood.  Durujg  the  last  thirty  days  we 
have  been  haniling  in  several  suspicious 
samples  to  Dr.  E.  F.  Phillips,  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Washing- 
ton, who  in  turn  handed  them  over  to 
the  government  Bacteriologist.  The 
reports  that  1  got  back  were  somewhat 
alarming.  One  specimen  of  brood 
from  Illinois,  three  from  Pennsyl- 
vania,  were   prunoimr»id    to    be    black 


brood.  I  feared  as  much  when  I  for- 
warded the  specimens  to  Washington. 
Other  specimens  have  been  found  in 
Caliafornia. 

I  have  just  examined  two  specimens 
sent  from  Michigan  which  I  think  are 
black  brood  without  question. 

When  I  first  received  this  report  from 
Washington  I  was  a  little  uncertain 
what  to  do;  but  the  more  I  thought  of 
it  the  more  I  became  convinced  that  I 
ought  to  inform  the  bee-keepers  of 
those  States  that  the  insidious  disease 
is  lurking  in  their  borders. 

When  it  is  remembered  that  black 
brood  came  very  near  wiping  out  bee- 
keeping in  New  York,  and  that  it  was 
onl}'  by  the  most  strenuous  efforts  on 
the  part  of  fonr  or  the  best  ins]jectors 
in  the  country  th;it  it  was  l)ruught 
under  control,  the  bee-keepers  of  these 
other  States  may  well  pause  and  pon- 
der. 

I  would  lesjiectfully  urge  every  bee- 
keeper to  keep  a  tab  on  the  brood  in 
his  yar<l.  When  he  sees  any  unsealed 
dark-colored  brood,  especially  if  it  be 
of  II  coffee  color,  yellow  or  brown,  and 
finds  further  that  it  is  accompanied  by 
a  sickening  or  foul  odor,  he  had  better 
send  a  sample  of  the  brood  without  ayiy 
honey  at  once  either  to  Washington  or 
Medina.  But  in  any  case  send  it  in  a 
stout  wooden  or  titi  box,  the  whole 
wrapped  in  heavy  nianila  paper.  Be- 
sides using  a  strong  box,  wrap  the 
brood  itself  in  parafined  or  oiled 
paper.  It  is  not  necessary  to  have  a 
large  sample  of  brood;  but  hunt  up  a 
small  wooden  or  tin  box  and  cut  the 
brood  to  lit,  so  it  will  go  in  without 
crowding  after  it  has  been  wrapped  in 
parafined  paper. 

Remember  to  send  brood  only  and  no 
honey  with  it,  for  the  honey  introduces 
an  element  of  danger  to  the  recipient. 
Brood  samples  put  up  in  paper  or  paper 
boxes  we  shall  not  exatnine.  but  burn 
theui  before  unwrapping;  so  don't  send 
them. 

When  sending  samples  be  sure  to  put 
on  your  own  name  and  address. 
About  half  a  dozen  of  the  samples  sent 
us  were  not  marked.  As  we  are  get- 
ting a  good  many  every  week,  absolute 
identification  of  each  sample  is  ren- 
dered difiicult  if  not  impossible. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  this  black 
brood  has  been  in  various  parts  of  the 
country  for  a  long  time,  and  perhaps 
more  generally  distributed  than  has 
been  supposed,    and    its    presence  has 


218 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


now  been  detected  because  of  the  work 
of  the  inspectors.  Possible  there  is 
something'  in  this  view  of  the  matter, 
but  I  know  that  I  never  saw  anything- 
like  this  until  I  saw  it  two  years  ago 
at  Mr.  Heddon's  and  in  an  apiary  near 
his. 

As  I  understand  it,  the  treatment  is 
the  same  as  for  our  old  fashioned  foul 
brood;  that  is,  shaking  off  the  bees 
and  allowing  them  to  build  new  combs. 
Every  bee-keeper  should  be  on  the 
watch  for  this  foe,  and  be  ready  to 
stamp  it  out  as  soon  as  it  is  found. 

In  conclusion,  let  me  once  more  cau- 
tion queen  buyers  to  burn  up  the  bees 
and  cage  accompanying  any  queens 
they  may  buy.  The  food  in  the  cage, 
and  the  bees  that  have  consumed  it, 
may  be  full  ot  the  germs  of  disease. 


CLEANING  UP  EXTRACTING  COMBS: 

Some  Reasons  Why  This  Should  Be  Done 
at  the  End  of  the  Season. 


Some  months  ago  I  published  in  the 
Review  an  extract  from  the  writings  of 
Mr.  G.  M.  Doolittle,  wherein  he  rather 
opposed  the  practice  of  having  the 
bees  clean  up  the  extracting  combs  at 
the  end  of  the  season — at  least,  he  saw 
no  necessity  for  so  doing.  The  objec- 
tion usually  made  to  leaving  them  wet 
with  honey  is  that  the  honey  granu- 
lates, and  the  inference  has  been  that 
this  granulated  honey,  even  though 
small  in  quantity,  was  likely  to  start 
granulation  in  the  new  honey  stored  in 
the  cells.  Mr.  Doolittle  called  atten- 
tion to  the  fact  that  bees  clean  out  the 
cells  before  storing  any  honey  in  them, 
hence  there  would  be  no  trouble  from 
this  source. 

Now  comes  Mr.  C.  P.  Dad  ant,  in  the 
American  Bee  Journal,  and  tells  us, 
well,  here  is  what  he  says: 

If  the  crop  is  still  on,  at  the  time  of 
extracting,  we  return  supers  as  fast  as 
extracted.  If  there  is  no  harvest,  re- 
turning the  super  woi..d  cause  too 
much  of  an  uproar,  and  we  pile  them 
up  in  the    honey-house    till  the  end  of 


the  day,  when  all  hands  turn  out  and 
in  less  than  a  half-hour  all  the  supers 
are  put  back  on  the  hives.  The  excite- 
ment is  great,  for  a  while,  but  as  night 
approaches  it  soon  subsides,  and  by 
morning  everything  is  again  quiet,  for 
the  honey  has  all  been  licked  up  and 
the  cells  in  many  cases  have  already 
assumed  their  clean  appearance.  The 
bees  are  indeed  industrious  little  crea- 
tures, and  never  lose  a  minute  to  get 
things  in  ship-shape. 

Some  of  the  Swiss  apiarists  do  not  re- 
turn the  combs  to  the  bees  at  the'  ei. 
the  last  extracting,  but  prefer  to  kec.  • 
them  until  spring,  when,  the}',  say,  it 
gives  the  bees  some  encouragement  to 
receive  the  supers  still  sticky  with 
honey.  I  dc  .lot  like  this  method.  The 
supers  are  lapt  to  leak  more  or  less, 
owing  to  the  few  drops  of  honey  left 
about  the  edges  of  the  combs.  Then, 
the  moisture  during  rainy  weather  ren- 
ders the  honey  watery  and  causes  it  to 
run.  Sometimes,  during  the  warm 
days  of  fall,  the  honey  that  remains 
gathers  moisture  ferments  and 
sours.  There  is  great  danger  of  some 
of  this  honey  being  retained  and  mixed 
with  the  honey  of  the  new  crop  the  fol- 
lowing summer,  and  causing  its  fer- 
mentation. None  of  these  accidents 
are  to  be  feared  if  we  return  the  combs 
to  the  bees  immediately  after  extract- 
ing. The  bees  will  at  once  gather  up 
everything,  and  what  honey  is. left  will 
be  put  into  compact  shape  so  that  there 
is  no  danger  of  its  becoming  watery 
and  fermenting. 

ADVERTISING'  HONEY  AT  FAIRS 


And   Making  a   Big  Profit  on  (ne  Honey 
That  is  Sold. 


Tl.  season  of  fairs  v\ill  soon  be 
here,  a..  '  I  wish  to  say,  with  emphasis, 
that  many  a  bee-keeper  coitld  greatly 
increase  the  demand  for  honey,  and,  at 
the  same  ti.ne,  sell  his  own  crop  at  a 
'big  price,  by  taking  advantage  of  the 
crowds  that  g^ather  at  t'"->se  annual 
autumnal  outings.  Tb  .c  are  dift'er- 
ent  methods  of  managini,-  the  busii.ess. 
'-^  ■';iou'last  fall  how  successful  tlie 
the'ULtia'^i  -ns  were,  and  gave  you  their 
methods. 

"^oots,  of  Medina,  U.j.o,  took  up 
another  plan,  that  of  giving  exhibi- 
tions   with  live  '.-^es,    in  a    wire    cloth 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS"  REVIEW 


219 


cage.  This  drew  immense  crowds,  so 
much  so  that  I  believe  the  managers  of 
the  speed  department  objected  to  it  on 
the  ground  that  it  drew  the  crowds 
away  from  the  race  track.  Immense 
quantities  of  honey  were  sold  at  fancy 
prices. 

There  are  still  other  ways  of  solving 
this  problem  and  a  most  excellent  one  is 
very  graphically  described  by  Arthur 
C.  .  ).ier,  in  the  American  Bee-Keeper. 
Mr.  Miller  tells  the  story  as  follows: 

If  one  may  be  permitted  to  judge  by 
the  pictures  of  honey  exhibits,  the  evi- 
dent aim  of  the  exhibitors  was  to  see 
how  fantastic  a  block  hous  they  could 
construct  from  sections  anc''  bottles  of 
honey  and  beeswax.  The  policy  of 
the  managers  of  the  average  agricul- 
tural and  similar  fairs  or  exhibitions 
is  largely  responsible  for  such  exhibits, 
as  their  premium  lists  call  for  best  or 
largest  display,  etc.,  and  rarely  is  the 
exhibitor  permitted  to  sell  his  mer- 
chandise. 

A  few  far-sighted  managers  permit 
exhibitors  to  sell  and  deliver  goods, 
provided  their  display  for  pr'zes  is  not 
disturbed.  The  object  of  the^e  societies 
iS  to  encourage  the  industries,  and  the 
selling  of  such  merchandise  as  honey 
at  such  ]tlaces  is  the  best  way  to  in- 
troduce it  to  new  consumers;  in  other 
words,  to  encourage  them  by  enabling 
the  bee-keepers  to  find  a  market  for 
their  produce.  Some  energetic  bee- 
men  buy  space  with  selling  privileges 
at  fairs  and  shows  and  make  a  profit 
on  the  t*-' nsaction  besides  getting  hold 
of  a  lot  ol'  permanent  customers. 

I  propose  here  to  tell  the  experience 
and  methods  of  two  men  who  are  in  the 
business.  At  the  beginning  I  wish  to 
impress  upon  the  reader  that  ,  men 
and  their  clerks  were  total  str'...gers  to 
the  public  whose  trade  they  were 
"soliciting.  Their  first  step  was  o  hire 
about  twenty  feet  of  counter  space  at  a 
large  fair,  paying  $2.00  pei-  lineal  foot. 
Against  the  wall  they  had  shelves  for 
Exhibits,  :>jid  part  of  the  counter  was 
used  for  ^.ie  ,^ame  purpose.  The  ex- 
hibits were  desig^ned  especiall}'  to  ar- 
rest attention.  Modern  and  old  style 
hives  were    d i spi  "•"'''' .  ^^  ■>l' 

honey  extractor  anu  a  nu?,!,,^]^  .  jees 
in  I  glass  hive.  Comb  hcicj  vvas  dis- 
played in  ^.^ises  made  to  take  but  one 
row  of  sections.  This  gave  T/'. ^  •  'dis- 
play and  took  up  small  space.  Enough 
loose    sections    werei  kept    about    lor 


ready  sale,  the  reserve  supply  being 
stacked  under  the  counter. 

Extracted  honey  was  shown  in  bot- 
tles, but  only  a  limited  number  of  fidl 
bottles  (jars)  were  shijjped  to  the  fair, 
just  enough  to  make  the  initiiil  dis]>lay. 
Cases  of  washed  jars  were  sent,  and 
honey  in  cans  ready  to  pour  into  jars, 
and  each  day  before  the  opening  ot  the 
fair  the  clerks  filled  enough  jars  for 
the  day's  trade.  All  this  was  to  save 
in  cost  of  packing,  transportation  and 
risk  of  breakage. 

Little  is  new  thus  far,  but  now  comes 
the  vital  part  of  their  whole  campaign. 
On  the  counter  were  two  glass  dishes 
of  extracted  honey,  in  each  of  which 
rested  a  long-handled,  small-bowled 
spoon,  such  as  is  used  at  soda  foun- 
tains. Also  two  plates  with  combs  of 
honey,  a  dish  of  granulated  honey,  a 
plate  of  long  narrow  rolls,  fresh  and 
light,  and  a  dish  of  crackers.  The 
kind  of  crackers  is  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance. They  must  be  crisp,  large 
enough  to  handle  easily  and  small 
enough  and  of  such  shape  as  to  be  put 
into  the  mouth  whole.  Furthermore, 
these  crackers  must  be  very  slightly 
salt,  because  such  saltness  brings  out 
the  flavor  of  the  honey  and  overcomes 
the  excessive  sweetness  which  so  clo3's 
the  palate  of  many  persons.  A  cracker 
known  to  the  trade  as  the  "Longfel- 
low" possesses  these  qualities  to  a 
nicety,  and  one  cracker  broken  across 
the  middle  makes  two  pieces  of  just  the 
proper  size. 

The  use  of  small  sticks  or  toothpicks 
to  sample  honey  with  were  abomina- 
tions these  people  would  not  tolerate. 
Not  onl3'  would  such  sticks  litter  the 
floor  when  thrown  away  after  use,  but 
the  mere  suggestion  of  a  toothpick  in 
connection  with  a  honey  sample  was 
repulsive.  If  the  reader  doubts  this, 
just  try  the  toothpick  way  and  the 
cracker  way;  five  people  will  refuse 
the  stick  to  one  who  will  refuse  a 
cracker. 

Everything  was  kept  exquisitely 
clean.  No  dust  was  allowed  to  accumu- 
late, no  stickiness  permittee^  any- 
where, and  whenever  a  dish  of  honej' 
began  to  look  untidy  by  reason  of 
honey  getting  on  the  edges,  a  clean  one 
wassubstituted.  Clear,  uncolored  glass 
and  white  plates  were  used.  Clean 
white  cloth  was  used  for  wiping  up 
any  stickiness,  wiping  dishes,  etc.,  and 
whenever  a  cloth  began  to  look  soiled 
it  was  thro":  -  away.  If  a  customer's 
fingers  got  sticky  a  clean,  damp  cloth 
was    offered.      In   other  words,    every- 


220 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


thing^  possible  was  done  to  make  and 
keep  thing's  attractive  to  the  most 
fastidious. 

Two  bright,  alert  and  neat  women 
were  in  charge,  and  when  a  person 
paused  before  them  a  taste  of  honey 
was  offered.  If  accepted  one  of  the 
women  daintily  picked  up  a  cracker 
and  with  the  long-handled  spoon  put  a 
little  honey  on  it  and  passed  it  out. 
By  a  little  deftness  the  rig-ht  amount 
of  honey  is  readily  guaged  and  neither 
customer  or  clerk  get  any  on  their 
fingers.  The  way  people  who  "don't 
like  honey"  or  for  whom  it  is  "too 
sweet,"  suddenly  change  their  mind 
under  such  persuasion  is  surprising. 
Very  frequently  a  sale  follows  the 
tasting. 

The  rolls  are  used  for  "honey  sand- 
wiches." They  are  split  with  a  keen 
knife  and  either  a  slice  of  comb  honey 
or  else  extracted  or  granulated  honey 
put  in  it,  at  the  option  of  the  purchaser. 
The  price  was  five  cents  and  the  sale 
was  beyond  all  expectations.  And 
the  way  it  enlightened  many  regarding 
granulated  honey  was  most  gratifying. 
Only  fresh  delicate  rolls  were  ever 
used. 

The  stream  of  questions  was  inces- 
sant, and  the  women  were  kept  busy 
answering.  Not  being  expert  bee- 
keepers they  were  sometimes  puzzled, 
but  a  cheerful  reply  was  always  ready. 
Strictly  technical  matters  beyond  their 
ken  were  referred  to  the  two  men,  one 
or  the  other  of  whom  were  there  at  in- 
tervals. Artificial  comb  honey,  fed 
syrups  and  adulterations,  were  the 
burden  of  the  stories,  and  right  here 
comes  in  the  shov  ing  of  the  practical 
value  of  giving  the  public  the  whole 
truth.  Copies  of  the  January  number 
of  the  American  Bee  Keeper  were  dis- 
played, showing  the  illustration  of 
artificial  comb.  In  replj'  to  the  ques- 
tions came  the  replies,  Oh,  yes,  it  can 
be  made,  but  it  does  not  pa3',  bee  labor 
is  the  cheapest."  And  the  honey  sold 
and  sold.  The  returns  not  only  paid 
all  expenses  of  wages,  board  of  help, 
transportation,  space  rent,  etc.,  but 
yielded  a  splendid  profit  on  the  honey 
sold.  It  is  wonderful  how  many  5- 
cent  sandwiches  a  pound  of  hone^'  will 
make,  It  is  hard  to  realize  until  the 
cash  drawer  is  consulted. 

Here  are  the  methods  epitomized: 

An  attention-arresting  exhibit. 

Alert,  bright,  quick-witted  help. 

Free  samples  served  in  a  fastidious 
and  appetizing  way. 

The  best  grade  of  honey. 


A  frank,  straight  story  and  a  square 
deal. 

Immaculate  cleanliness  at  all  times. 

All  are  indispensible  and  each  is  of 
more  importance  than  the  other. 


SHIPPING  CASES 

I  have  thousands  of  them  in  stock. 
White  basswood,  24- lb,  16c;  12- fc,  10c. 
Cases  made  of  '4  inch  veneer  basswood, 
with  corrugated  bottoms  to  protect  the 
honey,  24- ft,  13c. 

Marshfield  sections  kept  in  stock. 
None  better.  Dovetail  hives  and  all 
kinds  of  supplies  sold  at  a  discount. 
Honey  and  Beeswax  wanted.  I  will 
furnish  cases  to  put  honey  in,  or  cans. 
Send  for  free  catalog. 

W.  D.  SOPER, 

Jackson,  Mich. 

SUPERIOR    QUEENS 

For  the  balance  of  the  season. 

CAUCASIANS,  untested,  75  cts.  each, 
$8.00  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1.00  each; 
$11.00  per  dozen.  Select  tested,  $1.25; 
$12.00  per  dozen. 

ITALIANS  and  CARNIOLANS  un- 
tested, 60  cts.  each;  $6.50  per  dozen. 
Tested,  75  cts.  each,  $8.00  per  dozen. 
Select  tested,  $1.00  each,  $11.00  per 
dozen. 

CHAS.   KOEPPEN, 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


QUEENS 


of  Moore's    Strain    of   Italians 

Produce  workers  that  fill  the  supers 
and  are  not  inclined  to  swarm. 

Stewart  Smillie,  Bluevale,  Ont., 
Can.,  says: 

"They  fill  the  supers  and  are  not  so 
much  inclined  to  swarm  as  others.  I 
have  been  buying  queens  for  15  years, 
and  your  stock  was  the  only  one  that 
was  any  good  to  gather  honey. 

Untested  queens,  $.75  each;  six,  $4.00 
dozen,  $7.50.  Seleet  untested,  $1.00 
each;  six,  $5.00;  dozen.  $9.00. 

Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guar- 
anteed. 

J.  P.  MOORE,  Morgan, 

Pendleton  Co.,  Ky. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


221 


MILLIONS 

Of  Lewis  Sections  ^ 

Thousands   s 

Of  Lewis  Hives  ^ 

Ready  to  be  Shipped  at  the  Drop  of  the  Hat. 

Send  your  order  to  Main  Office  at  Watertown, 
or  your  nearest  agent  given  below  Goods  will 
be  shipped  same  day  your  order  is  received. 

Q.  B.  Lewis  Co.,  Bee=Keepers' 
Supplies,  Watertown,  Wis. 


Distributing  Points. 


ENGLAND-E.  H.  Taylor.  Welvvm. 

H  rts. 
CUBA— C.  B.  Stevens*  Co..  Havana. 

C.  B.  Stevens   &  Co.,  Manzanillo. 
CALIFORNIA- Chas.  H.   Lilly  Co,. 

>an  Francisco. 
SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  — 

Fletcher  Doyle  Co.,  San  Dieg-o. 

Fallbrook     Co-operative    Associa- 
tion. Fallb  ook. 

Paul  Bachen.  Lancaster. 
COLORADO-R    C.  Aikin,  Loveland. 

Arkansas    Valley    Honey-produc- 
ers' Ass'n,  Rocky  Forrt  . 

Colorado    Honey-producers'    Asso- 
ciation. Denver. 

Fruit  Growers'  Association,  Grand 
Junction. 

Robert  Halley.  Montros*>. 
IOWA     Adam  A.  Clark   LeMars. 

I>ouis   Hanssen's  Son,  Davenport. 


ILLINOIS— York    Honey  &  Bee  Sup- 
ply     Co.     141  143     Ontario     St.. 

Chicaero. 
Dadant  &  Son,  Hamilton. 

INDIANA-C.     M.   Scott  &    Co..  In- 
dianapolis, 

MICHIGAN— A.    (i.    Woodman    Co. 
(irand  Rapids. 

MINNESOTA  -  Wisconsin     Lumber 
Co..  432    Lumber   Exchange.  Min- 
neapolis 

MISSOURI -E.T.  Abbott. St.  Joseph. 

OHIO— Norris  &  Anspach.  Kenton. 

OREGOX— The   Chas.    H.   Lilly   Co.. 
Portland. 

PENNSYLVANIA— 

CI'  aver  &  Green.  Troy. 

TEXAS  -Southwestern  Bee  Co.  San 
Antonio. 

UTAH     Fred  Foulsrer  &  Sons.  Ogrden. 

WASHINGTON-TheChas.  H.  Lilly 
Co..  Seattle. 


222 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


After  years  of  thoughtful  and  careful  breeding,  seeking  more  especially  the  more  perfect  de- 
velopment of  a  strain  of  CL,OVER  WORKERS,  I  am  pleased  to  offer  a  three-banded  strain  of 
bees  possessing  the  rarest  qualities  of  perfection. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  NUCLEI  :  Untested  queens,  50  cts.;  select  untested  queens,  75  cts. 
two-frame  nuclei,  after  June  ist,  |2.oo.  If  queen  is  wanted,  add  price  of  queen  to  price  of  nucleus. 
4-o6-6t 


Aug.  Lotz  &  Son 

Make  a  specialty  of 
manufacturing  sec- 
tions and  shipping- 
cases.  Bee-keepers 
supplies  always  on 
hand.  Prompt  ship- 
ments. Send  for 
catalog  and    prices. 


Cadott, 


Wis. 


HONEY  QUEENS 

I,AWS'  ITAI^IAN  and  HOI^Y  I,AND  QUEENS. 
Plenty  of  fine  queens  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  lam  catering  to  a  satisiied  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?    Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 
Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  as  consistent  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $8.00;  tested  $1.00;  per 
dozen,  $10.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  $3.00  each. 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beeville,   Tex. 


Three-and  Five-Banded  Italian    and 
Carniolan 


QUEENS 

as  good  as  the  best  and  ready  to  ship 
now.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Un- 
tested, 50  cts. ;  tested,  75  cts, 

C.  B.  BANKSTON,   Milano,  Tex. 

3-06-tf 


Golden  and  Leather=CoIored 
Italians. 

Price  of  Golden  queens.  Before  July  1st;  Untest- 
ed, $1.00  each:  6  for  $5.00;  12  for  $9  00.  Warranted 
$1.25  each;  6  for  $7.00;  12  for  $13.00.  Tested,  $1.50 
each.  Select  tested  $2  00.  After  July  1.  Un- 
tested 75c  each;  6  for  $4.00;  one  dozen  $7.00;  War- 
ranted tested  $1.25  each;  6  for  $7.00;  one  dozen 
$13.00.  Tested  $1.50;  Select  tested  $2  00.  Breed- 
ers $5.00.  Caucasian  Queens  will  be  ready  to 
mail  July  1.  Untested  Jl.OO  each;  6  for  $5.00. 
Warrented  tested  $1.40  each;  6  for  $8.00. 

We  have  three  yards,  two  Italian  and  one  Cau- 
casian and  mean  to  meet  the  demand  of  the  trade. 
Prices  of  nuclei  on  application. 

D.  J.  Blocher,  Pearl  City,    Illinois 


BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  manufacture  standard  dovetailed  bee-hives 
and  supplies,  cheaper  than  you  ever  bought 
before.  Our  Queens  and  Bees  stand  at  the  head 
in  quality.  Untested  75c,  each;  $4.25  for  6;  or 
$8.00  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25  each;  |i2  00  per 
dozen.  Select  tested,  $1.50.  Special  prices  to 
dealers  and  in  large  lots  on  application.  Ditt- 
mer's  foundation.     Catalog  free. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beeville,  (Bee  Co.^  Texas. 


pure:  ITALIAN  BE^S 

The  most  beautiful,  gentle,  prolific,  best  work- 
ing, and  being  long-tongued,  best  honey-gather- 
ers. Vrizes — VI,  Swiss  Agricultural  E.vhibition, 
Berne,  1895;  Swiss  National  Exliibition,  Geneva, 
1896;  Bee-Keeping  Exposition,  Liege,  Belgium, 
1895;  Universal  Exposition.  St.  Louis.  U.  S.  A. 
1904.  The  Highest  Award.  Extra  select 
breeding  Queen,  $.i.00;  six,  $10.00;  dozen,  $30.00. 
Selected  Queen,  $2.00;  six.  $11.00;  dozen.  $20.00. 
Young  fertilized  queen,  tested,  $1.00;  six,  $9.00; 
dozen,  $10.00.  Special  prices  on  larger  number. 
The  addres.se.s  must  be  clear;  payments  by  postal 
nione.v  orders.  If  by  chance  a  (jueen  dies  upon  the 
iourney  she  is  to  be  returned  immediately,  with  a 
postal  certificate,  and  another  queen  will  be  sent 
Jfalis.     Address. 

Anthony  Biaggi, 

PedevHIe.  near  Bellinzona.  Italian  Switzerland, 

This  countrs' is  politically  the  Switzerland  Re- 
public, but  lies  Keograpliically  in  Italy,  and  pos- 
sesses the  best  kind  of  bees  known.  Bee-Keepcrs 
of  the  Far  West  can  give  their  orders  to  my 
brother  Stefano  (Stephen)  Biaggi,  farmer,  resident 
at  Wash,  Plumas  Co.,  California,  who  will  kindly 
collect  orders.     In  writing,  mention  the  Review. 


THE  BEE-I'EEPERS'  REVIEW 


223 


CHARLES  MONDENQ  SECTION  MACHINE 


is  covered  by  two  patents.  With  this  wonderful  in- 
vention the  cost  of  maklng^  Sections  may  be  reduced  to 
Si.  15  per  1000.  If  such  machine  will  interest  you,  write 
for  further  information.  Do  not  write  about  it  unless 
vou  mean  business. 

BEE-SUPPLIES  AND  QUEENS 

My  Cataloj^  for  1906  is  now  ready  for  distribution.  I 
am  the  Northern  Headquarters  for  Adel  Queens  and 
Jiees,  and  ^--ood,  honest  Bee-Keepers'  Supplies.  If  you 
have  not  received  my  Catalog-,  write  for  it.      Address, 

CHARLES  MONDENQ, 


1  6o     NEIVs/XON     AVI 


N, 


MINNEAPOLIS,     MINN. 


mw^Mtwm 


'esadl  f^T  ouas'  I* 


><59  fs'e©    Ell^s^ipa^ed  | 

2     aira(d  Prosmpt  ^IhipsTniesat  s^p©  ^iwlh^t  "yom.  5 

^     ^®t   ilf  yous  sendl    ^©usr    Ofdleir    to  % 

a  LYON  Mfgo  Coo  I 

New  London,  Wis.  1 


mmmmimmm^mmi 


s^m>5»^as^^([m^°«Il^°^i^°BlM°Si^8 


CARNIOLAN  QUEENS 

and 

CHAFF  HIVES. 

I  am  breeding  only  one  race  of  bees.  I  have 
tested  tile  C:irniolaiis  with  the  otlier  races  of  bees 
ami  find  them  superior  to  all  of  them,  in  some 
particular.  They  have  all  the  good  ((ualities  of 
others,  and  do  not  have  some  of  their  bad  traits. 
They  are  much  easier  to  handle,  and,  if  rightly 
managed  (given  ]''^"ty  of  room)  they  will  not 
swarm  any  more  than  other  races.  They  will 
cap  their  comb  Mt;cn  nicer,  breed  earlier,  and, 
therefore,  store  more  hodey  I  grade  out  all 
poor  (pieen  cells,  kill  all  small  or  imperfect 
queens  before  mating,  and  sell  only  the  choice  or 
.select,  bred  from  the  best  honey  gatherers  and 
comb  builders.  I  am  as  careful  about  the  drones 
as  about  the  breeding  riueens. 

One   queen.  $ioo;  two,  $1.75:  six,   $450. 

I  also  have  a  tew  new  chaff  hives  for  sale  very 
cheap.  Hives  or  tjueens  in  e.vchange  for  good, 
white,  comb  honey. 

4o66t  W.  W.  CRIM,  Pekin,  Ind. 


SOME  REASONS 

Why  you  can  buy  Italian  queens  to  ad- 
vanta.LTe  of  the  undersig-ned:  The  stock 
is  from  the  very  best  breeders,  such  as 
Quirin,  Laws,  Alle3'  and  Moore. 

All  queens  are  shipped  by  return 
mail  in  larj^-e.  roomy  cag-es,  and  guHr- 
anteed  to  i)h'ase  in  every  particidar, 
or  they  will  be  replaced  free.  Kvery- 
thin-;  is  now  at  its  best  in  California, 
and  the  best  of  queens  can    be    reared. 

Untested  qtieens,  $1.00  each;  six  for 
$4  00;  one  dozen  for  $8  00.  Tested, 
$1  50;  six  for  $8  0((;  oiie  dozen  $14.50.' 
Breeders,  $5  00  eacii.  Write  for  prices 
on  lar,t(er  (piantities. 

M.    D.  WHITCHER, 

o-0(j  tf  Los  Olivos,  Calif. 


224 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


fO^ake  Voup  Own  Hives. 


3ee  -  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on    trial. 
Send  for  Catalogue. 

W.F.&JNO.  BARNES  CO., 

384  Rnby  St., 

Rockford,     Ills. 


I      06   12 


=i^^ 


PAXEINT,     BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.        24 

VEiARS  "the:   beist.    catalog  freie:. 


BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Prices 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG    MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
l-04-6t  I47-14Q  Cedar  Lwke  Road 


—If  you  are  going  to  — 


BtlY  A  BUZZ-SAW, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  Keview.  He  has  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  yon  happy  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


THE  HEIGHT  OF  PERFECTION 

28  years  has  wrought  wonders.  We  ifOt  200  Th  to  the  hive  the 
last  two  seasons.  Our  beus  and  queens  are  the  best  that  can  be 
imported  from  across  the  water.  ITALIAN  queens  are  $1.00  in 
June,  75c  after  that;  $0.00  a  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25  each,  or  $12.00 
a  dozen. 

Those  gentle  CAUCASIAN  same  price. 

NUCLEI  and  bees  by  the  pound.  Our  little  booklet  tells 
how  to  introduce  without  loss.     Free  for  a  postal. 

The  Wood  Bee=Hive  Co.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  in  your 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  F^OR  SEC- 
TIONS.      dovp:-tailed 

HIVES  made  b3^  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping-  on  hand. 


Mapshfield  Mfg.   Co. 

IVIaFshfield,  Wis. 


flo  Fish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the  Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.    VHfl   DEUSEfJ, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


BEE-KEEPERS. 


Do  rou  Deed  Honey  Cans?  We  have 
received  a  full  carload  of  good  second 
hand  cans  just  as  trofxi  as  neiv,  two 
cans  in  a  case,  which  we  offer  while 
they  last,  at  the  followinK-  prices: 


xN  LOTS  OF 

5  cases  of  2  60  lb  cans  50c  per  case 

10      ASc     "    " 

25      "Oc    "    " 

50      "  "  '•    "     "      35c     •'     " 

100      "  "  "    "     "      32c     "     " 


These  cans  are  consiyned  to  us  by  a 
larye  bakery,  and  are  to  be  closed  out 
at  once  Reinembi^r  they  are  just  as 
BixKi  as  new.  and  not  rusty  or  jammed. 
First  come  first  served.  Send  us  your 
order  at  once. 


GRIGGS  BROS. 

521  Griggs  Block 

TOLEDO,         -         -         OHIO. 

2-06-11 


Lowest  Prices. 

BIG  DISCOUNT  FOR  EARI^Y 
ORDERS. 

On  cash  orders 
Before  November  i  9  per  cent. 
December  i  8 
January       i  7 
February    1  6 
March  1  4 

April  I  2 

Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds. 

Established  nearly  25  years. 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
soc  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  publislied.  Ec'ited  by  tvFO  of 
the  most  exjierieuced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  "W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 
Company, 

Jamf.stown,  N,  Y. 


226 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


'4V 

(«/ 
(«/ 
\(/ 
ili 
it/ 

Of 
«)/ 


Root's  Goods  at 
Root's  Prices 


POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

Large  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.     I,ow  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Service.    Catalog  sent  free. 

Walter  S.  Pou«Jcr 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOI.IS,     IND. 


mi 

Hi 

Hi 
iHt 
ilu 
0/ 

Hi 
\b 
Hi 

^ 
Hi 
Hi 

Hi 
■Hii 


DO  YOU  KNOW 

That  the  sale  of  Dittmer's   Founds^ 

tion  has  increased  so  much  that  we 
were  forced  to  double  our  meltintr  ca- 
pacity in  order  to  fill  orders   promptly. 

THERE  IS  A  REASON  FOR  THIS 

It  is  because  Dittmer's   Foundation 
is  toug'h,  clear  and   transparent,   an 
has  the  natural  oder  of  beeswax. 

OUR  AGENTS 

W.  D.  Soper,  Jackson.  Mich. 

Bee  &  Honey  Co..  Beeville.  Tex. 

E.    H.    Taylor,   Welwyn    Sta  ,   Herts, 

England. 

E.    Grainger    &    C,\,    Toronto,    Ont. 

Canada. 

Our  warehouse  is  well   stocked    with 
all  kinds  of  bee-keepers'  supplies. 

Beeswax  always  wanted. 

Qus  Dittmer, 
Augusta,  Wisconsin. 


&^ 

Hii 
\i/ 
Hi 
Hi 
Hi 
Hi 
H/ 
Hi 
Ht 
Hi 
Hi 
H) 
U/ 
Hi 
^ 
Hi 
Hi 
Hi 
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Hi 


Send    for 

J  906 
Catalog, 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 
Send  for 

Booklet. 


STANDARD    BRED    QUEENS. 

BUCKEYE  STRAIN    RED  CLOVER. 
GOLDEN   ITALIANS.  CARNIOLANS. 


By  Return  Mail.       Safe  Arrival  Guaranteed. 

Untested                        

Select  Untested 

Tested    ....    ............... 

Select  Tested 

ONC 

.$0.75 
.      1.00 
.      1.50 
.     2.00 

SIX 

$4.00 
5.00 
8.00 

10.00 

rWCLVE 

$7.50 

9.00 

15.00 

18.00 

Select  Breeders,   each    _• .    .   . 

Two-frame  Nucleus  and  nice  Quean     .    . 

'.  K  : ;. ''. 

.       .      $3.00 
....      3.00 

THE   FRED  W.   MUTH    CO., 

No.   51   WALNUT  ST.,  QINCINNATI,   OHIO 


THE  BEE-ICEEPERS'  REVIEW 


227 


CHARLES  MONDENQ  SECTION  MACHINE 


is  covered  by  two  patents.  With  this  wonderful  in- 
vention tiie  cost  of  makinj^  Sections  may  be  reduced  to 
Si.  IS  per  lOOO.  If  such  machine  will  interest  you,  write 
for  further  information.  Do  not  write  about  it  unless 
vou  mean  business. 

BEE-SUPPLIES  AND  QUEENS 

My  Catulof^  for  190t)  is  now  ready  for  distribution.  I 
am  tiie  Northern  Headquarters  for  Adel  Qaeeus  and 
lices,  and  j,''ood,  honest  Bee-Keepers'  Supplies.  If  you 
ha\enot  received  my  Cataloj^,  write  for  it.     Address, 

CHARLES  MONDENQ, 


AVI 


N, 


M  I  N  N  EIAPOLIS,     MINN. 


^     ge^    if  y^m 


LYON  Mfgo  Coo 

New  London,  Wis. 


CARNIOLAN  QUEENS 

and 

CHAFF  HIVES. 

I  am  breeding  only  one  race  of  bees.  I  have 
tested  the  Cariiiolans  with  the  other  races  of  bees 
and  find  them  superior  to  all  of  them,  in  some 
particular.  They  have  all  the  good  ((ualities  of 
others,  and  do  not  have  some  of  their  bad  trai.s. 
They  are  much  easier  to  handle,  and,  if  tightly 
managed  (given  plenty  of  room)  they  will  not 
swarm  any  more  than  other  races.  They  will 
cap  their  comb  much  nicer,  breed  earlier,  and, 
therefore,  store  more  hodey  I  grade  out  all 
poor  q\ieen  cells,  kill  p11  small  or  imperfect 
queens  before  mating,  and  sell  only  the  choice  or 
select,  bred  from  the  best  honey  gatherers  and 
comb  builders.  I  am  as  careful  about  the  drones 
as  about  the  breeding  queens. 

One   queen,  $1.00;  two,  $1.75;  six,  $450 
I  also  have  a  tew  new  chaff  hives  for  sale  very 
cheap.     Hives  or  queens  in   exchange  for   good, 
wliite,  comb  honey. 

4o6^t  W.  W.  CRIM,  Pekin,  Ind. 


SOME  REASONS 

Why  you  can  buy  Italian  queens  to  ad- 
vantaffe  of  the  undersig-ned:  The  stock 
is  from  the  very  best  breeders,  such  as 
Quirin,  Laws,  Alley  and  Moore. 

All  queens  are  shipped  by  return 
mail  in  lar^je,  roomy  cag-es,  and  guar- 
anteed to  please  in  every  particular, 
or  they  will  be  replaced  free.  Every- 
thing is  now  at  its  best  in  California, 
and  the  best  of  qneens  can    be    reared. 

Untested  queens,  $1.00  each;  six  for 
$4.00;  one  dozen  for  $8  00.  Tested, 
$1  50;  six  for  $8  00;  one  dozen  $14.50. 
Breeders,  $5.00  each.  Write  for  prices 
on  larger  quantities. 

M.    D.  WHITCHER, 

6-06  tf  Los  Olivos,  Calif. 


228 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION" 

IT  EXCELS. 

EVERY  INCH  equal  to  samples. 

Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sag-ging-,    no    Loss.     Twenty-seven 

years  of  Experience.     We  guarantee  satisfaction.     Wax 

worked  into  Foundation. 

BEE  SUPPLIES 

of  all  kinds 

BEESWAX  T\^ ANTED 

at  all  times. 
Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODIVIAN,  Grand  Rapids. 

DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  111. 

Send  for  Catalog. 


THE    OLMSTEAD    HIVE 
AND  SYSTEM. 


If  every  reader  of  the  Review  knew,  as  well  as 
I  know,  what  can  be  done  with  the  new  hive,  and 
what  a  pleasure  it  is  to  do  it,  I  believe  they  would 
not  allow  this  season  to  pass  without  at  least  giv- 
ing it  a  fair  trial.  Think  of  what  it  means  to  be 
able  to  examine  one  of  the  central  combs  without 
disturbing  the  bees  to  any  extent.  It  is  usually  a 
tell  tale  of  all  the  conditionsin  thehive.  As  loffer 
the  hive  it  has,  aside  from  the  valuable  features 
as  described  in  the  Review,  many  others  that  I 
believe  will  be  appreciated  by  all  who  have  to  move 
bees.  It  has  a  plain  solid  bottom  with  a  blizzard 
proof  entrance  for  out-door  wintering  The  cover 
is  of  the  telescopic  style.  Over  the  sections,  or 
combs,  are  three,  Ji-inch  air  spaces,  two  -ys-inch 
boards,  and  a  sheet  of  galvanized  iron.  I  do  not 
NOW  use  the  VanDeusen  clasp,  yet  one  can  pre- 
pare it  for  moving,  with  an  upper  story,  if  desired, 
over  the  frames,  and  50  square  inches  of  screen  at 
the  bottom,  besides  a  Vs-inch  crack  beeween  the 
super  and  the  hive,  in  one  minute,  without 
nails,  lath  or  hammer. 

The  frames  are  Langstroth  size,  plain,  yet  at 
once  rigid  or  loase,  as  described. 

I  am  offering  the  hive  complete,  as  describe  1 
here  and  elsewhere  in  the  Review,  at  $2.00  each, 
during  April  and  May. 

C.  A.  OLMSTEAD, 

EAST  BtOOMFIELD,  N.  Y 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  you 
the  best  goods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
15  different  roads,  thereby  saving  you 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  everj'  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTSnow. 
Write  today. 

KRETCHMER  MFG.,  CO. 
l-06-12t  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German 


A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$L00  A  YEAR, 
w.  z.  HDTCHINSON,  Editor  and  ProDrletor. 


VOL.  XIX.      FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  AUG.  15,  1906.        NO.  8 


mir^d  t] 


)Y  Haipvest  ini 


N©irt]heipfi  MicfeMsiiic 


W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON. 


T  LOVE  Northern  Michi^-an.  I  love 
i  her  bracing-  atmosphere  and  cool, 
refreshing-  nights.  I  love  her  pure 
water  that  bubbles  up  in  springs  and 
goes  babbling  away  in  little  brooks 
with  pebbly  bottoms.  I  love  her  grand 
old  forests  of  beech  and  maple.  I  love 
her  wild  berries — the  red  ones,  the 
blossoms  of  which  furnish  such  deli- 
cious honey,  the  black  berries  with 
their  glossy  black  sides,  that  ripen  in 
great  clusters,  and  have  that  spicy 
flavor  when  they  grow  in  the  shade; 
and  the  huckleberries  that  make  pur- 
ple the  surface  of  great  desolate  plains. 
I  love  her  innumerable  old,  grass- 
grown  lumber  road-s,  that  wind  hither 
and  thither,  and  are  banked  on  either 
hand  with  the  vines  of  wild  berries,  or 
canopied  over  with  the  branches  of 
trees.  I  love  her  ueivness  and  7oi/d- 
;/^5.s— and  the  two  weeks  that  I  have 
just  spent  in  that  region  have  passed 
like  one  long,  bright  holT«flay. 

I  first  went  up  to  help  Elmer  build  a 
honey  house  at  one  of  the  yards,  but 
when  we  reached  theBoaidman  apiary 
we  found    ever3'    super    full    of  honej'. 


and  the  raspberry  flow  at  its  height. 
We  set  up  the  extractor  in  the  shanty 
that  is  made  to  answer  for  a  honey 
house,  and  went  to  extracting  from  the 
combs  that  were  capped,  or  nearly  so. 
We  threw  out  about  1,600  pounds, 
enough  to  give  temporary  relief. 

EXTRACTING    IN  A  TENT  IS   AN  UNCOM- 
FORTABLE   MAKE-SHIFT. 

We  next  went  to  the  Morey  yard, 
where  we  had  expected  to  build  the 
honey  house,  and  found  everything  full 
of  honey  there.  There  was  no  time  to 
build  a  honey  house,  and  the  only  pos- 
sible way  out  was  to  set  up  a  tent  and 
extract  in  that.  A  tent  is  a  make-shift 
at  best.  It  is  a  last  resort.  If  the 
weather  is  cool,  or  if  the  bees  are  gath- 
ering honey  so  that  the  tent  can  be  left 
onen,  or  if  it  can  be  set  up  in  the  shade, 
it  is  not  so  bad  as  it  might  be,  but,  if 
the  weather  is  hot,  especially  if  the 
sun  shines,  and  the  tent  must  be  kept 
closed  to  keep  out  robber  bees,  it  is  one 
of  the  most  insufferable  places  in 
which  a  man  ever  worked.  It  is  not 
only   hot,  but    it  is    close — sufiocating. 


m 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE'\^ 


Some  one  in  our  ranks,  seems  to  me  it 
was  Bro.  Doolittle,  reported  putting  a 
setting  hen  under  an  empty  bee  hive, 
leaving  the  hive  standing  in  the  sun — 
forgetting  all  about  it  for  some  hours, 
only  to  find  the  hen  dead.  Working  in 
a  closed  tent,  standing  in  the  sun,  will 
make  you  think  of  this  unfortunate 
hen. 


then  from  the  tub  into  a  can  set  upon 
scales,  as  was  the  arrangnment  at  the 
honey  houses.  An  extractor  placed  at 
such  a  height  would  bring  the  head  of 
the  operator  bumping  up  against  the 
canvas  roof  of  the  tent.  As  it  was,  we 
had  to  draw  off  the  honey  into  a  pail 
and  pour  it  into  the  strainer  on  the  tub 
that  was  set  up  on  some  empty  hives  at 


The  Moray  Apiary. 

There  is  also  a  slimpse  of  Mitchell  Bros,  narrow-gauge  logging  road. 


HOW  TO  MAKE  THE  BEST  OF  A  TENT. 

To  rig  up  a  tent  for  extracting,  I 
made  a  platform  in  one  corner  for  the 
extractor  by  driving  down  four  stakes, 
nailing  boards  across,  and  then  laying 
boards  upon  the  cross-pieces,  and  nail- 
ing them  down.  The  platform  was  of 
such  a  height  that  a  pail  could  be  set 
under  the  honey  gate  of  the  extractor. 
The  tent  was  not  high  enough  to  allow 
the  extractor  to  be  placed  at  such  a 
height  that  the  honey  could  be  run  into 
a    tub  with  a  cheese   cloth    cover,  and 


such  a  height  that  the  honey  could  be 
run  into  a  can  set  upon  the  scales.  As 
I  have  already  said,  a  tent  and  all  of 
its  arrangements  are  of  the  make-shift 
order. 

ENJOYING  THE  WILD  WOODS. 

The  Morey  yard,  where  the  tent  is 
-set  up,  is  about  six  miles  from  the 
home-yard,  and  the  driveto  it  is  nearly 
all  of  the  way  through  the  woods, 
along  old  winding  lumber  roads,  with 
a  "woodsy"  odor  in  the  air;  and,  after 
a  hard  day's  work,  how  delightful  such 


rHE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


233 


a  drive  I  At  one  place-  the  road  passed 
throuf^h  several  acres  of  willow  herb 
that  was  just  beg^iniiing  to  show  its 
first  purple  blossoms,  and  Elmer  said 
he  should  bring-  a  few  colonies  here  to 
see  what  would  be  the  result.  Then  I 
must  not  forj^et  the  dinner  eaten  under 
the  shade  of  the  hemlock,  and  washed 
down  with  water  from  a  spring-  brook 
that  rushed  iind  tumbled  within  sound 
of  our  ears.  I  have  heard  of  grand- 
mothers making^  stocking-s  for  their 
grandchildren,  and  knitting-  /ove  into 
every  stitch,  and  I  wish  that  those  who 
eat   the    honey    that  we  are  producing' 


TKANSFOKMINO     A   ].OC,    SHANTY  INTO  A 
NKAT,    RUSTIC   HON  ICY  HOUSK. 

We  worked  in  this  yard  one  day, 
extracting-  from  the  colonies  that  were 
the  worst  crowded  for  room,  then 
Elmer  went  to  Lake  City  after  cans 
and  three  pairs  of  platform  scales— one 
for  each  apiary — while  two  of  his  boys 
and  myself  went  to  work  to  rig^  up  an 
old  log-  shanty  for  a  honey  house  at  the 
home  yard — Pioneer.  It  was  a  log- 
shanty,  the  roof  leaked,  and  the  floor 
was  partly  g-one,  and  the  planks 
broken,  and    it  had  no  door   hung-,  nor 


A  Glimpse  of  the  Manistee  River. 

This  is  the  most  famous   trout   stream  in  th.   workl.  and   «c   drive  alonff  its  hig^h   banks  in  troing  to  the 

Sout  I  Boardman  yard. 


could  also  see  the  blue  sky  and  fleecy 
clouds  that  were  overhead,  hear  the 
song-  of  the  brook  and  the  birds,  and 
inhale  the  sweet  wi/d  aroma  that  loaded 
the  air;  I  wish  that  all  of  these  delights 
that  thrilled  me  through  and  through 
could  be  stored  up  in  the  honey. 


any  windows  in  the  window  holes. 
First  we  covered  the  roof  with  tarred 
felt.  Then  we  took  everything-  out, 
and  pulled  up  the  floor  and  carried 
that  out,  and  smoothed  ofl"  the  surface 
with  a  hoe,  then  wheeled  in  several 
loads  of  clean,  white  sand,  and  covered 


234 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


the  earth  with  that.  It  looked  and  felt 
clean.  We  covered  the  window  holes 
with  wire  cloth,  and  hung  a  door. 
Then  a  platform  was  built  for  the  ex- 
tractor, and  one  for  the  strainer-tub, 
and  all  of  the  extra  hives,  supers,  and 
what  not  brought  in  and  piled  up  sys- 
tematically— it  really  was  a  transform- 
ation. Talk  about  going  to  theaters, 
and  places  of  amusement,  I  don't  know 
when  I  have  enjoyed  myself  as  I  did 
changing  that  old,  leaky  shanty  into  a 
clean,  orderly  servicable  honey  house. 
There  ;ire  some  beautiful  elms  in  front 
of  it  (seethe  frontispiece)  and.  really, 
it  has  an  attractive,  rustic  appear- 
ance. Just  to  the  right  of  this  stands 
the  shanty  where  Elmer  lives,  and  just 
back  of  thei#hanty,  not  more  than  two 
or  thre§>  rods,  is  one  of  those  little 
tumbling,  babbling  brooks  for  which 
this  part  of  Michigan  is  famous. 

HOW  A  latp:,  hard  freeze  ktxled  the 

HUCKLEBERRY  BLOOM,  ANlf43SIJURED 
THE  RED  RASPBERRIES.    ' 

The  next  day  Elmer  took  me  back 
over  to  the  Boardman  yard.  Some  of 
this  drive  is  over  dreary  looking  plains, 
where  the  huckleberries  grow,  and 
some  of  the  way  the  road  winds  along 
the  high  banks  of  the  Manistee  river — 
the  most  famous  trout  stream  in  the 
world.  Just  a  word  about  the  huckle- 
berries. This  year  there  are  no  ber- 
ries, the  blossoms  being  killed  by  a 
hard  freeze  that  came  about  the  middle 
of  May.  Elmer  said  he  was  out  the 
evening  before  admiring  the  bloom, 
which  made  the  p.ains  look  as  though 
a  light  snow  storm  had  passed  over 
them — the  next  morning  they  were 
black.  One  can  now  travel  miles  with- 
out seeing  one  ripe  berry.  Ordinarily 
huckleberries  are  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant crops  of  this  part  of  Michigan. 
I  have  been  told  that  $100,000  went  in- 
to Missaukee  County  last  year  to  pa3' 
for  huckleberries.  This  may  be  an  ex- 
aggeration, but  I  know  it  is  no  uncom- 
mon thing  for  i\.  family  to  pick  and  sell 


$150  worth  of  berries  during  the  season. 
Buyers  come  out  on  the  plains  to  buy 
berries,  and  people  come  with  tents 
and  camp  out  and  can  berries.  The 
freeze  jthat  did  the  damage  this  year 
was  very  severe — the  most  that  has 
occurred  in  many  years.  Elmer  said 
that  some  water  standing  in  a  wash 
dish  out  of  doors  was  frozen  solid.  In 
some  places  farther  north  it  destroyed 
the  raspberry  buds,  and  I  know,  tliat 
the  honey  harvest  here  will  be  materi- 
ally lessened  on  account  of   the   freeze. 

three     crews   AT  WORK   AT    ONE  TIME. 

After  bringing  me  to  the  Broadman 
yard,  Elmer  left  me  and  his  oldest  bo3-, 
Frank,  to  extract  some  more  honey, 
while  he  went  back  to  take  anotiier 
boy,  John,  and  continue  the  extracting 
at  the  Morey  yard,  while  the  youngest 
boy,  Charley,  and  his  mother  were  to 
extract  at  the  home-yard;  thus  you  see, 
for  the  last  three  days  there  has  been 
an  extracting  crew  at  work  at  each 
yard. 

HONEY    breaking    DOWN    THE     FLOOR. 

Frank  and  I  slept  on  the  floor  at  one 
end  of  the  honey  house  while  the  cans 
of  honey  were  stacked  up  at  the  other 
end.  1  was  awakened  one  night  by  a 
sharp  cracking  nuise  that  sounded  to 
me  like  timbers  giving  away.  I  lighted 
a  match  and  investigated,  but  every- 
thing seemed  normal,  so  I  "turned  in" 
again.  Half  an  hour  later,  just  as  I 
was  dozing  off  again,  came  the  unmis- 
takable crack  of  breaking  lumber.  I 
tumbled  out  and  lighted  the  lantern, 
and  then  I  could  see  that  the  floor  had 
settled  where  the  honey  was  standing. 
I  hustled  and  moved  about  half  the 
cans  to  another  part  of  the  room, 
and,  afterwards,  I  piled  the  cases  of 
honey  out  in  the  wood  shed  on  the 
solid  earth. 

THE  HON  ICY  CROP  IN    NORTHERN     MICH- 
IGAN VERY  LIGHT. 

It  might  seem  from  the  foregoing 
that  we  were  getting  an  etiorinous  crop 
— enough  to  break  down  floors.     Not  so, 


THE  BEE-ICEEPERS'  REVIEW 


235 


there  were  only  about  ivvo  tons  in  the 
pile,  but  some  of  these  old  shanties  are 
br.iit  none  too  solid,  and  there  is  no 
knowini,--  how  lonjc  this  one  ir.ay  have 
stood  here.  I  may  as  w;ll  say, 
first  as  last,  that  the  honey 
crop  in  Northern  Michii;-an  came  as 
near  beinjj;-  a  failure  this  year  as  I 
iiave  ever  known  it  to  be.  I  expect 
that  the  freeze  that  I  have  already 
mentioned  was  the  cause  of  it.  The 
followin-,'  extract  from  a  letter   just  re- 


ouj,'-ht  to  havtj  had  2.5,000  or  30,()()(). 
Bartlett  luis  one-fourth  of  a  crop;  I). 
S.  Kitson,  of  Charlevoix,  only  one-tifth 
of  a  crop;  Mr.  Martin  has  about  one- 
third  of  a  crop;  and  others  one-fourth. 
Our  honey  is  not  yet  all  oS  the  hives, 
but  I  doubt  if  the  averag'e  yield  goes 
above  25  or  .^0  pounds  to  the  colony, 
while  100  ]iounds  to  the  colony  is  not 
unusu;il  in  this  vicinitj'.  (hie  apiary 
is  located  vvhere  there  is  a  large 
acreage  of  buckwheat  sown,  and,  as 
one  man    who  has    kept  a  few    colonies 


The  South  Boardman  Apiary. 
In  thr  backtfround  are  Ihc  chjppings  that  furnish  the  raspberry  bloom. 


ceived  from  Mr.  S.  U.  Chapman  ex- 
])lains  the  situation  as  perfectly  as  it 
is  possible.  Among  other  things,  Mr. 
Chapman  says: — 

On  May  20th  it  was  just  20  degrees 
above  zero  at  my  place.  One-half  of 
the  raspberry  was  killed  .so  that  it 
never  leaved  out,  and  is  perfectly  dead 
today.  North  of  here  is  even  worse — 
and  this  is  what  is  the  matter  with  our 
honey  crop.  I  will  have  about  one- 
third  of   a  crop— 9,000    pounds  when  I 


there  for  four  years  told  me  there  had 
been  a  yield  from  buckwheat  each 
year,  there  may  be  something  of  an 
addition  to  the  crop  from  that  source. 

HOW      .SPRING      KKEDING     MIGHT     HAVE 
HELPED. 

Notwithstanding  the  damage  frv.m 
the  freeze,  I  am  quite  sure  that  'ho 
crop  might  have  been  doubled,  perhaj^s 
trebled,    by   judicious    feeding   during 


236 


THE  BEE-KEEPEKS'  REVIEW 


the  two  or  three  weeks  preceeding  the 
opening'  of  berries.  The  berries  were 
late  in  opening,  perhaps  two  weeks 
late,  and  some  of  the  colonies  not  only 
consumed  some  of  their  stores,  but 
greatly  restricted  breeding.  It  took  a 
good  share  of  the  flow  from  berries  to 
again  put  them  in  proper  condition. 
Why  did  we  allow  this  ?  We  were  too 
busy  moving  bees  until  it  was  too  late 
to  remedy  the  trouble.  There  is  quite 
a  lesson  to  be  leai  iied  right  here.  I 
have  before  referred  to  the  matter,  viz., 
that  the  man  who  is  to  practice  long 
range  bee-keeping  must  have  large 
hives  and  plenty  of  stores.  Then, 
again,  success  can  come  only  when  the 
locality  is  thoroughly  understood.  For 
instance,  here  in  Southern  Michigan 
we  usually  have  a  flow  from  fruit  bloom 
that  gives  the  tees  a  big  lift.  In  many 
parts  of  Northern  Michigan  there  is  no 
frnit  bloom,  and  the  bees  gather  little, 
or  nothing,  until  berries  bloom  in  June. 
It  will  thus  be  seen  that  there  must  be 
a  large  quantity  of  honey  left  in  the 
hive  in  the  fall,  or  else  there  must  be 
spring  feeding. 

A    MISTAKE    WITH     0UKP:N     EXCLUDERS. 

I  think  there  was  also  one  other  mis- 
take made.  Queen-excluding  honey 
boards  were  placed  upon  '^ight-frame 
hives  at  the  opening  of  the  harvi.t, 
then  supers  pv.i  on  above  the  honey 
boards.     In  a  short  time   almost   every 


colony  was  building  queen  cells  and 
preparing  to  swarm.  A  comb  of  brood 
was  then  taken  from  each  colony,  the 
combs  being  used  in  making  up  new 
colonies.  The  honey  boards  were  then 
removed.  The  queens  at  once  invaded 
the  upper  story,  but  the  swarming 
fever  was  cured — probably  not  more 
than  one  colony  in  ten  swarmed.  I 
thinic  it  would  have  been  better  to  have 
left  oft  the  queen  excluders  at  hrsi, 
and  then  put  them  on  later,  after  the 
harvest  was  well  under  wa}'.  An  ex- 
amination a  week  later  will  tell  where 
the  queen  is,  and  that  without  hunting 
her  up,  when  she  can  be  put  in  the 
lower  story,  if  not  already  there.  As 
the  brood  hatches  out  in  the  upper 
story  the  combs  will  be  tilled  with 
honey.  In  this  w:iv  we  get  :,  Idi^je 
working  force  earlj  m  the  season,  and 
restrain  the  swarmi'ig  fever.  This  is 
the  plan  I  followed  at  the  hoi  —-apiary, 
and  it  worked  to  perfection.  When  ex- 
tracting the  honey  at  this  Northern 
Michigan  yard,  the  queen  excluders 
were  put  on  again,  and  the  only  bad 
result  of  the  putting  of  them  on,  and 
taking  them  off"  again,  will  be  the  rear- 
ing of  a  lot  of  workers  that  come  on 
the  stage  of  action  after  the  berry  har- 
vest is  past.  However,  this  apiary  is 
in  the  buckwhccu  region,  and  the^e 
workers  may  yet  be  of  some  use. 

Flint,  Mich.,  July  2b,  1906. 


^.©mmlbs  Veirstis  St^rter^ 

J.    E.    GRANE. 


Wfiiesi 


M' 


Y  DEAR  Mr.  Hutcninson-  Ad- 
vanced Bee  Culture  rt'ne  a  da^' 
or  two  since;  and  isn't  it  <j  •:  ■  "^  I 
was  not  prepared  to  -■-  o  /:.  and 
CO'" iprehensive  a  w.;.  s.  .\s:.l  vi:- lialf- 
i^:\e.  illustrations,  are  /)•■■'••  :  iiut  the 
i^rint  is  coarse   enough     nv,  that  isn't 


the  word,  for  there  is  nothing  coarse 
about  it,  it  is  large  enough  to  make  the 
reading  of  it  a  pleasure  for  us  who  are 
getting  a  little  along  in  3'ears.  I 
haven't  had  time  to  read  it  all,  but 
have  read  a.d  re-read  the  chapter  on 
"The  Use  and  Abuse  cf  routb  Founda- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


2^/ 


tiom."  Now,  I  like  lo  agree  with  my 
friends  and  neighbors,  but  how  cmi  I 
think  as  you  do  on  this  subject,  espe- 
cially on  the  use  of  old  combs  for  new 
swarms  ?  I  used  to  read,  thirty-five 
years  ago,  or  more,  of  the  danger  of 
honey  clogged  hives,  but  remember 
very  few  such  in  my  forty  years  of 
experience. 

When  I  shake  a  swarm  upon  old 
combs,  and  in  eight  days  find  the 
brood  chamber  of  eight  Langstroth 
combs  two-thirds  or  three-fourths  full 
of  brood,  and  some  of  it  alrejidy  sealed, 
it  doesn't  look  as  though  the  bees  had 
waited  very  long  to  polish  the  cells  be- 
fore the  queen  began  to  lay.  I  prefer 
to  have  the  combs  one-third  or  more 
full  of  honej',  or,  still  better,  perhaps 
two  or  three  combs  of  solid  honey,  and 
the  rest  empt}'.  I  like  them  better  than 
wooden  dummies.  I  have  even  filled  a 
brood  chamber  with  old  combs  filled 
literally  solid  with  honejs  old  honey, 
with  only  a  few  empty  cells  in  the  hive, 
putting  a  swarm  on  them,  as  an  ex- 
periment, and  all  went  well.  Enough 
honey  was  carried  above  to  the  supeis 
to  make  room  for  brood. 

When  a  queen  is  removed  during  a 
good  flow  of  honej^,  the  combs  are 
usuallj'  filled  solid  with  honey;  the 
lower  third  (more  in  the  center  than  on 
the  outside)  is  left  unsealed,  but  as 
soon  as  the  young  queen  begins  to  la3', 
the  honey  quickly  goes  "•  up  stairs,''  as 
we  sa3',  and  there  is  plenty  of  room 
for  brood.  I  have  tried  (after  reading 
about  its  virtues)  hiving  on  starters, 
only  to  regret  my  blunder,  as  it 
seemed  to  me. 

We  u.'^ually  have  a  fair  flow  of  honey 
during  clover,  and  sometimes  bass- 
wood,  and  then  a  great  dearth  of  honey, 
and  I  sometimes  find  colonies  starving 
to  death  before  I  can  get  round  to  feed 
them — some  that  were  in  fair  condition 
when  the  honey  season  closed. 

Colonies  shaken  upon  old  combs, 
unless  the  queen  is  defective,  rarely 
lack    for    brood,    and     frequently    are 


starting  queen  cells  and  preparing  to 
swarm  again  in  two  weeks,  or  lesL; 
and  comb  building  and  starting  in 
supers  seems  to  go  on  jcs^  is  wtill,  or 
even  better,  than  in  swarms  that  have 
not  prepared  to  swarm  at  all.  Per- 
haps by  reducing  the  brood  chp.mber 
to  five  combs  as  you  suggest  it  .night 
be  a  success.  But  I  prefer  to  reduce 
to  six  frames,  where  I  use  foundation, 
but,  by  using  a  full  set  of  old  combs 
we  have  some,  yes,  more  honey,  stored 
for  late  summer  and  winter  use. 

Well,  I  will  admit,  in  closing  that  I 
have  sometimes  thought  that  bees  i/'ut 
on  old  combs  have  not  done  as  well  as 
I  thought  they  ought  to  do;  and  per- 
haps I  have  not  experimented  along 
this  line  as  much  as  I  ought  to  have 
done — I  shall  try  it  over  again  the  com- 
ing season  if  I  can. 

I  wish  I  might  think  as  you  do,  but 
must  be  true  to  my  convictions  Should 
further  experiments  prove  that  I  have 
been  wrong  in  my  conclusions  for  this 
section,  I  shall  take  great  pleasure  in 
telling  you  so.  I  am  not  yet  too  old  to 
learn. 

MiDDLEBURY,  Vt.,  Jan.  23,  1906. 

[It  is  evident  that  there  is  some 
factor  in  my  method  of  management 
that  does  not  appear  in  that  of  Bro. 
Crane's,  or  vice  versa.  I  did  not  mind 
so  much  the  small  amount  of  brood 
that  resulted  when  hiving  swarms  on 
drawn  combs,  as  I  did  the  lessened 
amount  of  honey  that  went  into  the 
sections.  Very  little  honey  was  stored 
in  the  sections  until  the  brood  nest  was 
full,  and  then  work  was  commenced 
very  slowly.  The  first  flush,  the  vim  of 
the  swarming  energy  had  been  used  to 
fill  the  brood  chamber,  and  the  work 
in  the  supers  was  Ho-i-."  in  a  half 
hearted  manner. 

With  starters  only  in  .:ie  brood 
frames,  the  bees  go  into  the  sections 
with  a  rush,  doing  fully  as  good  work 
as  though  the\'  had  not  swarmed.  It 
my  seem  paradoxical,  but  I  should  e.:- 
pect    better    work    in  tl-e    ^.^rtions  if    a 


238 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE"W 


swarm  were  hived  upon  solid  combs 
of  honey  than  I  would  if  the  combs 
were  empty.  In  the  latter  case,  the 
work  is,  of  necessity,  befjun  in  the  sec- 
tions, the  same  as  when  starters  only 
are  used  in  the  brood  frames,  and 
where  bees  bezin  storing-  their  surplus. 


O^iio  ;iOw  has  not  only  a  foul  brood 
l?v'butan  inspector  of  apiaries,  Mr. 
Henry  Shafer.  Bees  are  now  taxed 
one  cent  per  colon}'  in  Ohio  to  pay  for 
inspection.  Editor  Root  says  that  this 
wiil  supply  $1,000  a  year. 


The  Strainer  of  cheese  cloth  that  I 
have  used  this  season  was  fastened  on 
over  the  tub  by  means  of  a  small  rope 
twisted  !p  with  a  stick,  as  was  men- 
"^ioned  in  the  last  Review,  but  Mr. 
WpH-^r  liarmer  writes  me  that  a  better 
way  's  to  sew  the  cloth  to  a  hoop  that 
is  a  trifle  larger  than  the  tub.  This 
can  be  laid  over  the  the  top  of  the  tub. 
There  is  no  danger  of  its  coming  loose, 
yet  it  can  be  removed  instantly  for 
washing. 

Cross  Bees  are  an  unpleasant  feature 
of  many  bee  yards.  A  year  ago  last 
spring,  some  of  my  bees  were  hybrids, 
and  they  would  come  to  meet  me  rods 
away  from  the  yard,  and  a  swarm  of 
them  would  dance  around  my  head  as 
long  as  I  remained  in  the  yard.  Pure 
Italian  queens  were  introduced,  and  as 
soon  as  the  Italians  took  the  place  of 
the  hybrids,  I  could  work  peaceably 
even  without  a  veil.  J.  A.  Green  sug- 
gests in  Gleanings  that  often  it  is  only 
one  or  two  colonies  th;it  furnish  all  of 
the  cross  bees  in  a  yard,  and  by 
changing  the  queens  in  these  colonies, 
peace  may  again  reign. 


there  they  are  inclined  to  continue. 

Year  after  year  did  I  continue  to 
hive  a  few  swarms  on  drawn  combs, 
using  the  scales  as  a  test  of  results, 
and  the  use  of  the  combs  resulted  in  a 
loss  as  compared  with  starters  or  full 
sheets  of  foundation. — Ed.  Review.  1 

■  »^«F^^^^^^  «  "  *^-».»^^»»  ».>nt»u»^' »«i^UFit»  M,»upfc»^' fc»u»u»^  » 

\ 

.^  5 


»^*»^#^»<«^«,«-»»'"  «»*^**«'»  tM%f^w%p  irurf^*^^"  «A«'^*^n'«  «n««. 

Orange  Blossom  honey  has  been  re- 
garded by  many  as  more  or  less  a 
myth,  but  Mr.  Frank  McNay,  of  Red- 
lands,  California,  tells,  in  Gleanings, 
how  and  why  he  sometimes  gets  it  by 
the  car  load.  He  says  that  it  jields 
very  little  in  the  cool  regions  near  the 
coast,  but  farther  inland,  where  the 
temperature  is  higher,  and  there  is 
little  fog,  orange  blossoms  yield  a  fair 
crop  four  years  out  of  five.  With  the 
exception  of  1904,  Mr.  McNay  has  been 
able  to  ship  one  or  more  car  loads  of 
pure  orange-blossom  honey  each  year. 
He  says  he  has  seen  the  nectar  so 
abundant  as  to  daub  the  clothing  of 
pruners  and  pickers,  and  even  the 
backs  of  liorses  while  cultivating.  A 
man  who  visited  California  this  last 
spring  told  me  that  they  put  blankets 
upon  tlie  horses  to  keep  the  orange 
bloom  honey  off  their  backs,  and  I — 
well,  I  kept  my  thoughts  to  myself. 


Caucasians  have  been  tried,  to  a 
slight  extent,  by  my  neighbor.  Mr. 
August  Koeppen,  of  this  place.  He 
finds  them  good  workers,  and  excellent 
comb  builders.  He  showed  me,  the 
other  day,  some  well-filled  sections 
that  wore  "put  up"  by  a  colon_v  of 
Caucasians  Mr.  A.  D.  U.  Wood,  of 
Lansing,  Michigan,  writes  me  that  he 
got  his  first  Caucasians  this  year,  in 
June;  they  coming  direct  from  the 
Caucasian  mountains.  As  reported  he 
finds  them  extremely  gentle  —he  having 
yet  to  receive  his  first  sting.     They  cap 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


239 


heir  honey  snowy  white,  and  have,  so 
far,  proved  the  equal  of  the  Italians. 
Mr.  Wood  expects  to  stock  100  colonies 
with  Caucasians  this  fall.  I  give 
these  items,  as  I  am  willing  that  both 
sides  of  the  story  shall  be  told  regard- 
ing the  Caucasians. 

Italian  bees  are,  I  believe,  more 
peaceably  inclined  to  their  fellows,  as 
well  as  to  man,  than  is  the  case  with 
hybrids,  so-called.  There  is  no  colony 
more  difficult  to  introduce  a  queen  to 
than  is  a  hybrid  colony,  and  Dr.  C.  C. 
Miller  tells  in  Gleanings  of  his  expe- 
rience in  placing  a  weak  colon}'  over  a 
strong  one  last  spring,  and  the  weak 
colony,  queen  and  all,  was  slaughtered. 
Then,  very  pertinently,  he  asks  "  was 
it  the  hybrid  blood?"  Editor  Root 
says  "yes,"  and  I  am  inclined  to 
agree  with  him.  As  a  rule,  Italian 
colonies  can  be  united  with  very  little 
quarreling,  which  is  not  usually  the 
case  with  hybrids.  I  tried  uniting  two 
hybrid  colonies  in  an  out-apiary  this 
spring,  and  the  result  was  a  loss  by 
fighting  that  equaled  one  of  the  col- 
onies. In  the  home-3'ard,  where  all 
are  Italians,  I  exchanged  places  with 
at  least  50  colonies,  putting  weak  col- 
onies in  the  place  of  strong  ones,  to 
even  them  up,  and  there  was  not  a  par- 
ticle of  fighting,  and  not  a  queen  was 
killed. 

Tin  Rabbets  are  something  for  which 
I  could  never  see  the  slightest  use,  and 
Mr.  J.  E.  Crane  says,  in  Gleanings, 
that  he  finds  the  space  back  of  them  so 
filled  with  propolis  as  to  make  of  th.m 
a  nuisance.  Dr.  Miller  agrees,  but 
says  that  with  the  right  kind  of  a  tool 
it  does  not  take  long  to  clean  out  the 
little  troughs,  and,  until  the)'  ai*?  filled, 
the  frames  are  much  easier  to  handle 
on  account  of  the  tin  rests.  1  will 
admit  that,  with  tin  rests  the  frames 
are  more  easily  pried  loose,  but  here 
is  the  point  :  After  frames  have  been 
in   use    a   few    months,    they    must    be 


pried  loose  before  they  can  be  handled, 
regardless  of  how  they  are  supported, 
but  the  antomit  of  strength  needed  to 
loosen  them  is  not  very  great.  It  re- 
quires no  more  time,  and  no  more  appfe- 
ci ad/e  eflort,  to  loosen  frames  supported 
upon  plain  wooden  rabbets  than  it  does 
those  on  tin  rabbets,  hence,  I  see  no 
gain  in  using  the  latter.  To  me,  tin 
rabbets  are  in  the  samecatagory  with, 
dovetailed  corners,  Hoffman  frames, 
self-spaced  frames,  and  all  such  use- 
less paraphanalia  that  costs  money  and 
brings  nothing  in  return. 


*Hm«»»j^»^*«'» 


The  Michigan  State  Association. 
Join  the  Association  now,  and  it  will 
help  you  sell  your  honey.  The  Asso- 
ciation issues,  annually,  a  booklet  giv- 
ing the  names  and  addresses  of  the  mem- 
bers, and  the  amount  and  kind  of  honey 
that  they  have  for  sale.  This  report  is 
mailed  to  honey  dealers  and  consum- 
ers all  over  the  country.  This  booklet 
is  to  be  issued  now  very  soon;  join  now, 
and  your  name  will  appear  in  the  com- 
ing issue.  The  Association  holds  an 
annual  convention  ,  usually  in  Febru- 
ary, where  you  can  meet  bee-keepers 
of  State  and  National  reputation.  The 
purpose  of  the  Association  is  to  for- 
ward the  interests  of  its  members  in 
every  possible  manner.  Send  one  dol- 
lar to  Elmore  M.  Hunt,  Bell  Branch, 
Mich.,  and  it  will  make  you  a  member 
for  one  year. 


«^«jC«.»^*'«.^H.  X 


How  Shall  we  Build  a  Cheap  Cellar  ? 

My  brother  and  myself  will  have 
ti.  oe  bee  cellars  to  juild  this  fall  in 
NoiJv.rn  Micn'^an,  and  any  hints  as 
to  their  constru'  'ion  will  be  mort  than 
welcome. 

At  each  apiar)  there  is  a  sandy  hill- 
side nearby,  which  wul  allow  the 
building  of  a  cellar  in  such  a  mam '^r 
th'it  no  lairs  will  be  necessary — so 
t  ia!-  tiie  bottom  of  the  cellai  will  be 
level  with  the  outside  g'-ojnd  ".1  on 
enc  o'  ''  :j        It 


240 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


With  team  and  scraper  it  will  be  an 
easy  matter  to  scoop  out  most  of  the 
earth  for  the  excavation.  So  far, 
so  good.  Now,  of  what  material, 
•<nd  how  shall  the  walls  and  roof  be 
built  ?  If  we  knew,  positively,  that  we 
were  going  to  occupy  the  same  loca- 
tions for  15  or  20  years,  it  might  be 
advisable  to  build  walls  of  stone  or 
cement,  but  most  of  the  bees  that  we 
are  managing  in  this  region  belong  to 
other  people.  In  two  or  three  years 
the  owners  may  decide  to  sell  out,  or 
to  run  their  own  bees;  or  we  may  find 
other  locations  that  are  more  desirable. 
There  are  various  reasons  why  we 
wish  to  build  these  cellars  with  the 
least  possible  expense,  so  that  the  loss 
will  not  be  great  should  it  become  de- 
sirable to  abandon  them. 

Years  ago,  when  living  at  Rogers- 
ville,  I  built  such  a  cellar,  and  sided 
it  up  with  logs — built  a  regular  log 
house,  and  laid  large,  well-seasoned, 
oak  rails  across,  put  on  some  straw, 
and  covered  the  whole  with  two  or 
three  feet  of  earth.  No  roof  was  put 
on  over  the  earth,  and  the  water 
trickled  down  through  in  wet  times.  I 
think  there  ought  to  be  a  roof  over  a 
cellar  like  this,  although  bees  wintered 
perfectly  in  this  one.  It  lasted  some 
seven  or  eight  years,  then  the  rails 
and  timbers  rotted,  and  it  caved  in.  I 
might  build  such  a  cellar  up  here,  but, 
even  in  this  wooden  country'  logs  have 
a  most  decided  cash  value;  besides, 
there  is  considerable  labor  attached  to 
the  cutting,  hauling  and  putting  of 
them  in  place.  People  in  this  par;.c'' 
the  country  no  ledger  build  -.og  li'  :  j.s 
— li,'mber  is  cheaper. 

I,r  ''^avanagh  had  one  eel;  •. ■  the 
wal;-*  of  whici)  >•  t-e  co  <  '  oi"  cedar 
posts  set  on  onci.  aw.'  tiic  ■  .;  vvas  of 
the  same  material  covered  with  straw 
and  eanu,  with  a  roof  over  aU.  Tl)is 
would  be  quite  desirabl",  V^it  it  •.va^; 
quitfi  a  lii'le  work  to  build  it 

1  haJ  t!i..  -^ht  of  setting  up  •.•fi,';r 
posts  arounu  ^.         •*^«;'',  .•,:■        '  u 


perhaps  four  feet  apavt,  and  boarding 
up  with  hemlock  lumber,  which  is 
quite  cheap  in  this  region.  I  would 
have  "jilates"  laid  along  on  top  of 
the  posts,  also  a  "ridge  pole"  in  the 
center  supported  with  posts,  and  \ny 
cedar  fence  posts  from  the  plates  to  the 
ridge  pole,  covering  the  poles  with 
straw,  then  with  earth,  and  putting  on 
a  roof  over  all.  If  there  is  a  better 
way,  tell  me. 


■  »»^«^«jr«.*»*«. 


Black  Brood  and  Foul  Brood. 

Perhaps  we  may  as  well  begin  to 
learn  to  call  the  latter  American  fouj 
brood,  and  the  former  Europe,  n  foul 
brood,  as  this  seems  to  be  the  d'^cision 
of  a  majority  of   he  inspectors. 

I  have  spent  several  days  in  the 
Southwestern  pa^t  of  Michigan,  where 
foul  brood  of  the  European  variety,  the 
so-called  black  brood,  has  gotten  quite 
a  foot-hold.  During  two  of  these  days, 
Mr.  N.  E.  France  was  with  me,  taking 
observations,  that  he  might  be  able 
to  recognize  the  pest  should  it  ap- 
pear in  his  State.  One  day,  Dr.  E. 
F.  Phillips,  of  Washington,  D.  C  ,  was 
with  us.  By  the  waj'.  Dr.  Phillips  has 
been  out  during  most  of  the  working 
season  of  the  present  year,  observing 
and  studyingv  these  two  types  of  foul 
brood.  Much  of  the  time  has  been 
spent  with  the  inspectors  of  New  York, 
and  it  is  doubtful  if  there  is  anj'one 
more  thoroug-hl}'  informed  on  this  sub- 
ject than  is  Dr.  Phillips. 

There  are  wide  differences  between 
these  two  types  of  the  disease,  and  it 
would  be  difficult  to  say  which  was 
the  more  destructive  or  difficult  to  cope 
with.  Black  brood,  or  P^uropean  foul 
biood,  is  certainly  more  virulent  than 
is  the  did  fashioned  or  American  foul 
brooj,  vvben  it  first  appears  in  a 
locality,  but,  after  which,  in  two  or 
tliree  years,  it  often  loses  its  virulence 
in  a  Urge  degree.  Two  years  ago, 
when  I  first  found  the  disease  near 
i><j'.r  .igiac,  '*  ^vovild  wipe  out    full  col- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


241 


onies  in  a  few  weeks.  I  could  find 
whole  combs  filled  with  doad  brood — 
only  a  few  living-  larvae  in  a  comb. 
Now  it  would  be  difHcult  to  find  5o 
dead  larvae  in  the  worst  infected  comb. 
One  year  ago  I  helped  Mr.  Heddon 
find  and  kill  20  queens,  there  not  being- 
enough  bees  left  in  the  20  hives  to  make 
one  good  colony.  Mr.  Heddon  now  has 
a  dozen  strong  colonies,  part  of  them 
with  no  trace  of  the  disease,  ^i."l  none 
of  them  with  more  than  a  tew  v^ells  of 
diseased  brood;  and  the  strange  part 
of  it  is  that  he  has  done  absolutely 
nothifig  in  the  way  of  treatment.  I 
would  not  like  to  say  anything  that 
will  make  men  careless  or  neglect- 
ful, or  to  raise  hopes  that  the  disease 
will  pass  away  or  "cure  itself,"  as 
this  has  not  been  the  experience  of  the 
New  York  folks,  but  it  is  undoubtedly 
true  that  it  loses  its  virulence  in  a 
very  much  greater  degree  than  is  the 
case  with  the  American  variety. 
There  have  been  cases  in  which  it  ap- 
peared in  a  colony,  and  then  disap- 
peared, and  never  again  appeared. 
There  are  probably  some  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances in  such  cases,  which  would 
solve  the  mj'stery  if  we  only  knew 
them.  The  American  foul  brood  never 
cuts  up  such  capers  as  this.  Once  it 
is  in  a  colony  it  is  there  to  stay,  unless 
removed  by  the  hemd  of  man.  It  may 
lose  its  virulence  to  a  slight  degree. 
Some  men  who  have  had  a  long  experi- 
ence with  it  think  that  it  does,  but  it  is 
too  slight,  even  if  true,  to  have  any 
practical  bearing-.  The  American  foul 
brood  is  like  a  bull  dog — once  it  gets  a 
grip  it  never  lets  up.  Tliere  is  one 
reason  for  this  difference:  The  scale 
of  the  American  \ariety,  when  it 
dries  down,  sticks  to  the  side  of  the 
cell  so  closely  that  it  is  impossible  for 
the  bees  to  remove  it  it  almost  becomes 
a  part  of  the  f  :ll-vvall.  In  the  Euro- 
;!•  in  variety  the  scale  can  be  easily  re- 
!;;i;ved — is  so  loose  that  it  may  even 
■Irop  out  in  the  handling-  of  the  comb. 
The  bees  C3r.  very   easily  clean  out  the 


cells  if  they  choose,  something  that 
they  cannot  do  with  the  American 
variety. 

The  bees  seem  to  he  able  to  resist 
and,  in  a  measure,  overcome  black 
brood.  Streng-th  of  colon3%-ind  variety 
of  bees  have  a  bearing.  Italian  bees 
put  up  a  much  more  successful  fight 
than  do  the  blacks.  One  of  the  first 
steps  recommended  by  the  New  York 
inspectors  is  the  introduction  of 
Italian;.  This,  alone,  will  not  eft'ect 
a  cure,  but  is  a  great  help  in  that 
directioi'.  With  the  American  foul 
brood,  viiriety  of  bees,  or  strensfth  of 
colony  have  not  much  bearing-.  O.ice 
the  infection  is  in  a  cell,  it  i.*-  theft,  to 
stay.  Other  cells  become  inf_jted,  and 
it  stays  there.  I^'.f^  bees  can't  clean  it 
out,  and  the  ti.  ;in.ill3'  comes  when 
there  are  fewi:-.;,!  cells  in  which  to 
rear  brood,  and,  even  in  clean  cells 
tin  hrood  is  almost  certain  to  become 
inlecced  from  the  food  that  is  g-iven  it. 
Tli^^  colony  i,*^  doomed. 

I  i'.j  I  ^adily  see  how  tuc  Alexander 
me^  icd  Ol  leaving-  a  colony  queenless 
untii  ilie  brood  ha,  hatched  may  prove 
efl\-;'t.ial  under  certain  conditions. 
Here  »  a  point  that  must  not  be  over- 
Icked:  Mr.  Alexan'"'"v's  irame.^  ?rd 
hives  -ire  small.  In  the  spring-  the 
combs  are  practically  free  from  •'Micy, 
the  old  honey  ivith  its  contagion  's  go/,: 
and  Mr.  Alexander  pioceeds  to  feed. 
With  large  hives  and  combs,  in  which 
old  stores,  perhaps  infecfed,  are 
ried  over  from  season  to  season,  tin' 
results  mig-ht  be  diiferen!'. 

Another  po  nt  of  d'ftercn--  c,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Phillips,  is  that  black  brood 
is  a  spring  d  sease,  ♦:h.;'  is,  it  is  more 
virulent  in  the  spring.  It  may  dis- 
appear from  a  colony  in  the  fall,  only 
to  appear  again  in  the  spring.  If  there 
is  any  season  of  the  year  v\hen  Ameri- 
can foul  brood  is  at  its  heiirht  it  ir  in 
the  fall. 

American  foul  brood  sprea'J  across 
the  countr^  much  inore  slo.vly  than 
does  the  European    variety.     With   the 


242 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


former  it  is  almost  always  possible  to 
trace  the  source  of  the  contaf^ion,  while 
the  latter  often  appears  in  an  apiary 
several  miles  from  other  bees,  and 
in  a  manner  that  mi^ht  be  called 
mysterious. 

There  is  one  very  important  point 
upon  which  both  varieties  are  exactly 
alike;    they    can    be    eliminated   com- 


pletely from  any  apiarj'  by  shaking 
off  the  bees  and  allowing  them'^o%uild 
new  combs  I  was  in  one  .apiary  of 
about  70  colonies,  many  of  which  .were 
diseased  last  spring  with  b'jack'brood, 
and  all  were  "shook"  except  four  col- 
onies, and  not  a  trace  of  the  disease 
could  be  found — combs  and  brood  all 
clean,  bright  and  healthy. 


CEMENT  MORTAR  AND  CONCRETE, 


Some  Suggestions  as  to  its   Use  in  Build- 
ings, Walls,  Etc, 


There  are  probably  some  bee-keep- 
ers who  are  thinking  of  this  fall  build- 
ing a  permanent  bee-cellar,  and  the 
question  of  what  shall  be  used  in  build- 
ing the  walls  is  a  serious  one.  In 
many  places  concrete  made  of  Portland 
ce  nent,  sand  and  gravel  will  be  the 
most  desirable  for  several  reasons.  It 
is  cheap  and  durable,  and,  if  a  few 
suggestions  are  followed,  the  work  can 
be  done  by  .  unskilled  labor.  The 
United  States  government  has  gotten 
out  a  liulletin  on  the  subject,  and  from 
that  I  extract  the  following  points: — 

Cemmt  mortar  is  an  intimate  mix- 
*':roof  cement  and  sand  mixed  with 
sufficient  water  to  produce  a  plastic 
mass.  The  amount  of  water  will  vary 
according  to  the  proportion  and  condi- 
tion of  the  sand,  and  had  best  be  de- 
termined independently  in  each  case. 
Sand  is  used  both  for  the  sake  of  econ- 
omy and  to  avoid  cracks  due  to  shrink- 
age of  cement  in  ^-etting  Where  great 
strength  is  required,  there  should  be 
.it  least  sufficic!"''^^  cement  to  fill  the 
voids  or  air  spaces  in  the  sand,  and  a 
sliirht  excess  is  preferable  in  order  to 
Compensate  for  any  uneven  distribu- 
tion in  the  mixing.  Common  propor- 
tions for  Portland  cement  mortar  are  3 
parts  s^nd  to  one  of  cement,  and  for 
nai  iral  cement  mortar.  2  parts  sand  to 
1  of  cement.  Unless  otherwise  stated, 
materials  for  mortar  or  concrete  are 
considered  to  be  proportioned  by 
volume,  the  cement  being  ligiitly 
shaken  in  the  measure  used. 


A  "lean"  mortar  is  one  having  only 
a  small  proportion  of  cement,  while  a 
"rich"  mixture  is  one  with  a  large 
proportion  of  cement.  "Neat"  cement 
is  pure  cement,  or  that  with  no  admix- 
ture of  sand.  The  term  "aggregate" 
is  used  todesignate  thecoirse  materials 
entering  into  concrete — usually  gravel 
or  crushed  rock.  The  proportion  in 
which  the  three  elements  enter  into  the 
mixture  is  usually  expressed  by  three 
figures  separated  by  dashes — as.  for 
instance,  13  5 — meaning  1  part  cement, 
3  parts  sand,  and  5  parts  aggregate. 

In  mixing  cement  mortar  it  is  best  to 
use  a  platform  of  convenient  size  or  a 
shallow  box.  First,  deposit  the  re- 
quisite amount  of  sand  in  a  uniform 
la^'er,  and  on  top  of  this  spread  the 
cetnent.  These  should  be  mixed  dry 
with  shovels  or  hoes,  until  the  whole 
mass  exhibits  a  uniform  color.  Next, 
form  a  crater  of  the  dry  mixture,  and 
into  this  pour  nearly  the  entire  quan- 
tity of  water  required  for  tlie  batch. 
Work  the  dry  material  from  the  outside 
toward  the  center,  until  all  the  water 
is  taken  up,  then  turn  rapidly  with 
shovels,  adding  water  at  the  same  time 
by  sprinkling  until  he  desired  con- 
sistency is  iittained.  It  is  frequently 
specified  that  the  mortar  shall  be 
turned  a  certain  number  of  times,  but 
a  better  practice  for  securing  a  uniform 
mixture  is  to  watch  the  operation  and 
judge  by  the  eye  when  the  mixing  has 
been  carried  far  enough.  In  brick 
masonry  the  mistake  is  frequently 
made  of  mixing  the  mortar  very  wet 
and  relying  upon  the  bricks  to  absorb 
the  excess  of  water.  It  is  better,  how- 
ever, to  wet  the  bricks  thoroughly  and 
use  a  stifiF  mortar. 

In  securing  sand  for  mixing  mortar 
or  concrete,  if  it  is  possible  to  select 
from  several  varieties,  that  sand  should 
be  chosen  which  is  composed  of  sharp, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  EEVIEW 


243 


anf^'ular  grains,  varying-  in  size  from 
coarse  t<^  T.ne.  Such  sand  is,  however, 
not  always  obtainable,  nor  "  ^t  essen- 
tial fcr  good  work.  A../  coarse- 
graine.l  sand  which  is  fairly  clean  will 
answer  the  purpose.  If  gravel,  sticks, 
or  leaves  be  present  the3'  should  be  re- 
moved oy  screening.  The  voids  in 
sand  vary  from  30  to  40  per  cent,  ac- 
cording to  variation  in  size  of  grains. 
A  sand  with  ditt'erent-sized  grains  is  to 
he  pioferred,  because  less  cement  is  re- 
quired to  fill  the  voids.  By  mixing 
coarse  and  fine  sand  it  is  possible  to 
reduce  the  voids  considerably. 

It  is  customary  to  use  the  terms 
"river  sand,"  "sea  sand'-'  or  "pit 
sand,"  according  to  the  source  of 
supply.  River  sand  as  a  rule  has 
rounded  grains,  but  unless  it  contains 
an  excess  of  clay  or  other  impurities, 
it  is  suitable  for  general  purposes. 
When  river  sand  is  of  a  light  color  and 
fine-grained  it  answers  well  for  plas- 
tering. 

Pit  sand  for  the  most  part  will  be 
found  to  have  sljarp,  angular  grains, 
which  make  it  excellent  for  mortar  or 
concrete  work.  Where  clay  occurs  in 
pockets  it  is  necessary  either  to  remove 
it,  or  else  see  that  it  is  thoroughly 
mixed  with  the  sand.  The  presence  of 
clay  in  excess  frequently  makes  it 
necessary  to  wash  pit  sand  before  it  i.s 
suitable  for  use. 

The  results  of  tests  made  in  this 
laboratory  would  indicate  that  the 
presence  of  cla}',  even  in  considerable 
amounts,  is  a  decided  benefit  to  "lean" 
mortars,  whereas  it  does  not  appreci- 
ably' effect  the  strength  of  a  rich 
mixture. 

It  is  important  that  gfravel  for  use  in 
concrete  should  be  clean,  in  order  that 
the  cement  maj'  properly  adhere  to  it, 
and  form  a  strong  and  compact  mass. 
As  with  sand,  it  is  well  to  have  the 
pieces  vary  in  size,  thereby  reducing 
the  voids  to  be  filled  with  mortar.  The 
voids  in  g-eneral  rang"e  from  ?<!)  to  40 
per  cent. 

Cement  concrete  is  the  product  re- 
sulting from  an  intimate  mixture  of 
cement  mortar  with  an  aggregate  of 
cruslied  stone,  gravel  or  similar  mate- 
rial. The  aggregate  is  crushed  or 
screened  to  the  proper  size  as  deter- 
mined from  the  character  of  the  work. 
In  foundation  work,  stone  or  gravel  3 
inches  in  size  may  be  used  to  advan- 
tage, whereas  in  tie  case  of  molded 
articles  of  small  sectional  area,  such 
as  fence  posts,  hollow  building  blocks, 
etc.,  it  is  best   to  use  only    such   mate- 


rial as  will  pass  a  one-half  inch  screen. 
A  II  ideal  concrete,  from  the  standpoint 
of  strength  and  economjs  would  be 
that  in  which  all  voids  in  the  aggregate 
were  completely  filled  with  sand,  and 
all  voids  in  the  sand  completely  filled 
with  cement,  without  any  excess. 
Under  these  conditions  Ihere  would  be 
a  thoroughly  compact  mass  and  no 
waste  of  materials. 

It  is  a  simple  m  itter  to  determine 
the  voids  in  sand  and  also  in  the  agg-re- 
gate,  but  in  mixing  concrete  the  pro- 
portions var3'  a  great  deal,  depending 
ing  in  each  case  upon  the  nature  of  the 
work  and  the  strength  desired.  P^or 
example,  in  the  construction  of  beams 
and  floor  panels,  where  maximum 
strength  with  minimum  -.veig-ht  is  de- 
sired, a  rich  concrete  is  used,  wliereas 
in  massive  foundation  work,  in  which 
bulk  or  weight  is  the  controlling  factor, 
economy  would  point  to  a  lean  mixture. 
When  good  stone  oi-  gravel  is  used,  the 
strength  of  the  concrete  depends  upon 
the  strength  of  the  mortar  employed  in 
mixing  and  the  proportion  of  mortar 
to  aggregate.  For  a  given  mortar  the 
concrete  will  be  strongest  when  onlv 
enough  mortar  is  used  to  fill  the  voids 
in  the  aggregate,  less  strength  being 
obtained  by  using  either  a  greater  or 
less  proportion.  In  practice  it  is  usual 
to  add  a  slight  excess  of  mortar  over 
that  required  to  fill  the  voids  in  the 
aggregate. 

It  is  more  accurate  to  measurecement 
by  weight,  unless  the  unit  emploj'ed 
be  the  barrel  or  sack,  because  when 
taken  from  the  orig-inal  package  and 
measured  in  bulk  there  is  a  cliance  of 
error  due  to  the  amount  of  shaking-  the 
cement  receives.  As  it  is  less  conven- 
ient, however,  to  weig^h  the  cement,  it 
is  more  common  to  measure  it  by 
volume,  but  for  the  reason  stated  this 
should  be  done  with  care. 

For  an  accurate  determination  of  the 
best  and  most  economical  proportions 
where  maximum  strengUi  ii  requi  ■',. 
it  is  well  to  proceed  in  the  folloAMi;, 
way:  First,  proportion  thecementand 
sand  so  that  the  cement  paste  will  be 
10  per  cent  in  excess  of  the  voids  in 
sand;  next,  determine  the  voids  in  tl^e 
aggregate  and  allow  sufficient  mortar 
to  fill  all  voids,  with  an  excess  of  10 
per  cent. 

To  determine  roughl3-  tlie  voids  in 
gfravel  or  crushed  stone,  prepare  a 
water-tight  box  of  convenient  size  and 
fill  with  the  material  to  be  tested  ;  shake 
well  and  smooth  off'  even  with  the  top. 
Into  this  pour  water  until  it  rises  flush 


24-; 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


with  the  surface.  The  volume  of  water 
added,  divided  by  the  volume  of  the 
box,  measured  in  the  same  units,  re- 
presents the  proportion  of  voids.  The 
proportion  of  voids  in  sand  may  be 
accurately  determined  by  subtracting- 
the  weight  of  a  cubic  foot  of  pacl<ed 
sand  from  165,  the  weight  of  a  cubic 
foot  of  quartz,  and  dividing  the  differ- 
ence by  165. 

For  general  use  the  following  mix- 
tures are  recommended  : 

1  cement,  2  sand,  4  aggregate,  for 
very  strong  and  impervious  work. 

1  cement,  lyi.  sand,  5  aggregate,  for 
ordinary  work  requiring  inoderate 
strengtli. 

1  cement,  3  sand,  6  aggregate,  for 
worli  where  strength  is  of  minor  im- 
portance.^ 

In  mixing  concrete  by  hand  a  plat- 
form is  constructed  as  near  tlie  work 
as  is  practicable,  the  sand  and  aggre- 
gate being  dumped  in  piles  at  the  side. 
If  the  work  is  to  be  continuous,  this 
platform  should  be  of  sufficient  size  to 
accommodate  two  batches,  so  that  one 
batch  can  be  mixed  as  the  other  is 
being  deposited  The  cement  must  be 
kept  under  cover  and  well  piotected 
from  moisture.  A  convenient  way  of 
measuring  the  materials  is  by  means 
of  bottomless  boxes  or  frames  made  to 
hold  the  exact  quantities  needed  for  ". 
batch. 

A  very  common  and  satisfactory 
method  of  mixing  concrete  i.'^  as  fol- 
lows: First  measure  the  ^and  and 
cement  required  for  a  batch  and  mix 
these  into  mortar  as  described  on  page 
5.  Spread  out  this  mortar  on  a  thin 
layer  and  on  top  of  it  spread  the 
aggregate,  which  has  been  previously 
iii^asured  and  well  wetted.  The  mix- 
'..  ■  is  done  by  turning  witli  shovels 
ti.  <-e  or  more  times,  as  may  be  found 
n'.'  cssary  to  produce  a  ruoroughly 
uniform  mi.vture,  water  beings  added  if 
necessary  to  give  the  proper  consist- 
ency The  mixers,  two  or  four  in  num- 
')er,  accord  ng-  to  the  size  of  the  batch, 
face  each  other  and  shovel  to  right  and 
left,  fornnng  two  piles,  after  which  the 
material  is  turned  back  into  a  pile  at 
the  center.  By  giving  the  shovel  a 
slight  twist,  the  material  is  scattered 
in  leaving  it  and  the  elificiency  of  the 
mixing:  is  much    increased. 

Concrete  should  be  deposited  in  lay- 
ers of  from.  4  to  8  inches  and  thoroughly 
tamped  before  it  begins  to  harden. 
The  tamping  required  will  depend  upon 
the  consistency  of  the  mixture.  If 
mixed  very  dry    it  must    bo  vigorously 


rammed  to  produce  a  dense  mass,  as 
the  proportion  of  water  increases  less 
tamping  will  be  found  necessary.  Con- 
crete should  not  be  dumped  in  place 
from  a  height  of  more  than  4  feet,  un- 
less it  is  again  mixed  at  the  bottom. 
A  wooden  incline  may  be  used  for 
greater  heights.  Rammers  for  ordin- 
ary concrete  work  should  weigh  from 
20  to  30  pounds  and  have  a  face  not  ex- 
ceedingr  6  inches  square.  A  smaller 
face  than  this  is  often  desirable,  but  a 
larger  one  will  be  less  effective  in  con- 
solidating- the  mass.  In  cramped  situ- 
atioiia  special  rorms  must  be  employed 
to  suit  the  particular  conditions. 
When  a  thickness  of  more  than  one 
layer  is  required,  as  in  foundation 
work,  two  or  more  layers  ma}'  be 
worked,  at  the  same  time,  each  layer 
slightly  in  advance  of  the  one  next 
above  it  and  all  being  allowed  to  set 
together.  At  the  end  of  a  day  there  is 
usually  left  a  layer  partially  completed 
which  must  be  finished  the  next  day. 
This  layer  should  not  be  beveled  off, 
but  the  last  batch  of  concrete  should  be 
tanii.»cu  Dehind  a  vertical  board  form- 
ing a  step. 

To  avoid  introducing  a  plane  of 
weakness  where  fresh  concrete  is  de- 
posited upon  that  which  has  already 
set,  certain  precautions  have  to  be 
observed.  The  surface  of  the  old  work 
should  be  clean  and  wet  before  fresh 
material  is  put  on,  a  thin  coating  of 
neat  cement  grout  being  sometimes  em- 
ployed to  insure  a  good  bond.  The 
surface  of  concrete  to  receive  an  addi- 
tional layer  must  not  be  finished  off 
smoothly,  but  should  offer  a  rougii  sur- 
face to  bond  with  the  next  layer.  This 
may  be  done  by  roughing  tiie  surface 
while  soft  with  pick  or  shovel,  or  the 
concrete  may  be  so  rammed  as  to  pre- 
sen..  a  rough  and  uneven  surface. 
Wooden  blocks  or  scantling  are  some- 
times embedded  several  inches  in  the 
work  and  removed  before  the  concrete 
hardens,  thus  forming  holes  or  grooves 
to  be  tilled  by  the  next  layer. 

As  stated  before,  it  is  important  that 
concrete  be  tamped  in  pkice  before  it 
begins  to  harden,  and  for  this  reason 
it  is  proper  to  mix  only  so  much  at  a 
time  as  is  required  for  immediate  use. 
The  retempering  of  concrete  which  has 
begun  to  set  is  a  point  over  which  there 
is  much  controversy.  From  tests  made 
in  this  laboratory  it  would  appear  that 
such  concrete  suffers  but  little  loss  of 
strength  if  thoroughlj'  mixed  with  suffi- 
cient water  to  restore  normal  con- 
sistency. 


THE   RCE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


245 


The  time  required  for  concrete  to  set 
depends  npon  tlie  character  of  the 
cement,  upon  the  amount  and  tempera- 
ture of  the  water  used  in  mixing',  and 
upon  the  temperature  of  the  air.  Con- 
crete mixed  ilry  sets  more  (luiclvl}'  tiian 
if  mixed  wet,  and  tiie  time  required  for 
settinj;-  decreases  as  tlie  temperature  of 
the  water  rises.  Warm  air  also 
hastens  the  settiny. 

Lumber  used  in  makin*^  forms  for 
concrete  should  be  dressed  on  one  side 
and  both  edijes.  The  expansion  and 
distortion  of  the  wood  due  to  the  ab- 
sorption of  water  from  the  concrete  fre- 
quently make  it  difticjlt  to  produce  an 
even  surface  on  the  work,  and  unless 
the  forms  are  accurately  fitted  tog'ether 
more  or  less  water  will  find  its  way 
out  throuifh  the  cracks,  carryinj^  some 
of  the  cement  with  it.  A  method  some- 
times adopted  to  minimize  the  etfect  of 
expansion  is  to  bevel  one  edge  of  each 
board,  allowing  this  edg'e  to  crush 
against  the  square  edg-e  of  the  adjacent 
board  when  expansion  takes  place.  In 
the  case  of  wooden  core  or  inside  mold, 
expansion  must  always  be  taken  int-:.. 
consideration,  for  if  neglected  it  may 
cause  cracks  or  complete  rupture  of  the 
concrete.  Sharp  edges  in  concrete  are 
easily  chipped  and  should  be  avoided 
bj'  placing-  triang^ular  strips  in  the 
corneis  of  the  molds  To  prevent 
cement  from  sticking  to  the  forms  they 
maj'  be  given  a  coating  of  soft  soap  or 
be  lined  with  paper.  This  greatly 
facilitates  their  removal  and  enables 
them  to  be  used  ag"aiii  with  but  little 
.scraping.  A  wire  brush  ansswers  best 
for  cleaning-  the  forms. 


REQUEENING  COLONIES. 


How  it  May  be    Done  at    Little  Expense 

After  the  Close  of  the  White 

Money  Harvest. 


Thus  far  I  have  never  killed  off  old 
queens  and  substituted  younger  ones 
in  their  places;  I  have  allowed  the  bees 
to  do  their  own  superseding.  Whether 
I  shall  always  follow  my  presept 
practice  I  don't  know.  My  home  yard 
this  year  was  stocked  mostlj'  with 
young  queens,  those  of  last  year's 
rearing,  consefiuently  there  was  no 
lack  of   laying  powers  on   the   pai  t  of 


the  (pjeens,  but  I  do  think  that  the 
honey  crop  in  some  of  the  out-apiaries 
was  lessened  from  old  queens.  All  of 
the  colonies  will  be  looked  over  this 
month,  and  everj'  queen  that  shows 
signs  of  failing  will  be  replaced  with 
a  young  queen.  Some  of  these  queens 
will  be  reared  and  some  bought. 

If  colonies  are  to  be  requeened,  I 
think  after  the  harvest  is  better  U-nn 
in  the  spring,  as  the  leaving  of  a  col- 
ony queenless  a  few  days  at  this  time 
of  the  year  does  no  great  harm. 

If  a  man  is  to  rear  his  own  queens,  I 
know  of  no  simpler  or  better  plan  the 
one  described  in  Gleanings  by  Mr.  G. 
Mr  Doolittle  in  the  seventh  chapter  of 
liis  interesting  series  articles  entitled 
"A  Year's  Work  in  an  Out  Apiary.  " 
Brief!}',  the  plan  is  that  of  killing  the 
old  queen  and  giving  the  colony  a  ripe 
cell,  but  Bro.  Doolittle  g-ives  the  de- 
tails so  graphically  that  I  can't  resist 
the  temptation  to  copy  that  part  of  liis 
article.     He  says: — 

Having  found  the  queen  and  k'lled 
her,  the  next  work  is  to  give  them  one 
of  the  ripe  queen-cells  I  li  tve  brou-.,'ht. 
In  taking  them  from  the  hrooiiing  col- 
ony at  home,  eacn  one  w  is  placed  .n 
one  of  the  West  cell-protectors,  soth.it 
the  bees  would  not  destroy  the  queen 
by  chitting  into  the  cell  before  tliey 
were  aware  that  their  old  motlier  was 
g-one.  Each  cell-filled  protector  was 
partially  imbedded  in  a  sheet  of  cotton 
wadding-,  cut  to  fit  into  the  bottom  of 
a  paste-board  thread-box,  easily  ob- 
tained at  an}'  drygoods  store.  Having 
the  number  required  in  the  box.  an- 
other right-sized  sheet  of  wadding  is 
put  over  all,  the  cover  to  the  box  put 
on,  and  a  rubber  cord  sprung  around 
the  whole  to  keep  all  in  a  secure  posi- 
tion so  that  the  cells  cannot  roll  around 
when  the  box  is  handled.  One  end  of 
the  box  is  marked  iup,  and  tiie  base  of 
each  cell  is  placed  toward  this  end  of 
the  box  so  that  I  may  always  know 
that  the  cells  point  down  when  carr}-- 
ing-  the  box  in  my  inside  ves*  pocket, 
or  '(WcUet  in  my  shirt,  whe'"e  cells  are 
a]\v;>vs  carried  at  ah  times  except 
»'        I  u-icd  ii;  *'.e  bee-yard    where  they 

A  ''i.ie''  cell  !s  one  from  which  the 
quee"    \K.'\    emeige  in    from    twenty  to 


246 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


thirty  hours,  and  I  have  often  carried 
such  for  from  one  to  twelve  hours,  in 
the  way  here  given,  without  the  loss 
or  injury  of  a  single  queen.  In  this 
work  the  wadding  is  far  preferable  to 
cotton  batting,  for  the  glazing  on  the 
wadding  keeps  the  cotton  from  sticking 
to  the  cell  or  cell-protector,  as  it  is 
otherwise  liable  to  do. 

After  killing  the  queen  the  frames 
are  iill  put  back  in  the  hive,  when  two 
of  che  center  ones  are  pried  apart 
enough  so  that  the  cell- protector  will 
go  down  just  under  the  top-bar  to  the 
frame,  when  the  frames  are  brought 
back  to  place  aga'H,  thus  imbedding 
the  protector  into  the  comb  so  it  is 
securely  fastened  there  until  removed 
by  the  apiarist.  As  this  is  the  season 
of  the  year  when  the  bees  do  most  of 
their  superseding  of  queens  (it  seems 
so  natural  to  them),  my  loss  in  using 
this  plan  will  not  average  more  than 
one  queen-cell  out  of  twenty  given.  So 
small  a  loss  will  not  pay  for  a  special 
visit  to  the  apiary  to  ;iscertain  whetiier 
colonies  so  treated  obtain  laying 
queens  or  not — especially  as  the  colony 
which  will  occasionally  destroy  a  cell 
or  kill  the  just-emerged  virgin  queen 
have  brood  of  their  own  from  which  to 
rear  a  queen,  so  the  loss  is  never  very 
great  should  an  occasional  cell  be 
destioyed.  Of  course  there  is  a  chance 
that  the  young  queen  may  be  lost  when 
going  out  to  meet  the  drone,  in  which 
case  that  colony  is  doomed  unless 
rescued  by  the  apiarist.  In  such  a 
case  as  tliis  the  observing  apiarist  will 
easily  discover  the  loss  by  an  outside 
diagnosis  of  such  colonies  at  a  later 
visit  to  the  apiary.  This  requeening 
at  this  time  is  so  easil}'  done  that  there 
is  no  excuse  for  having  poor  queens  at 
the  out-apiary. 

The  reader  ma}'  think  that  what  is 
here  given  conflicts  with  what  I  have 
written  in  the  past  about  allowing  the 
bees  to  take  care  of  the  superseding  of 
their  queens  themselves.  With  the 
small  and  contracted  brood-chamber, 
I  still  hold  that  the  bees  will  take  care 
of  that  matter  fully  as  well  as  the 
apiarist  can;  but  with  this  system  of 
working,  and  that  with  ten-frame 
Langstroth  hives,  a  queen  will  la}' 
nearly  as  many  egg"s  in  two  years  as 
she  would  under  the  contraction  sys- 
tem in  three  or  four  years;  so  that  anj' 
queen  which  ii  more  than  two  y-^rs 
old  is  a'.niost  sure  to  be  played  <;;  ■  : 
therefore  I  .•i:vke  it  a  practice  w'lli  -.is 
plan  to  supersede  all  queens  wh:cM  .ire 
two  years  old  at  this  time,  and    in  the 


w;i}'  given  above.  This  plan  is  one  of 
strenuousness  too,  all  the  way  through, 
by  which  we  get  a  multitude  of  bees  in 
th«;  field  at  all  times  during  the  honey 
har  -.^sts;  and  even  when  ordinary  col- 
onies are  doing  nothing,  or  securing 
only  a  living,  these  rousing  colonies 
are  actually  laying  up  stores.  Last 
May.  when  the  colonies  as  ordinarily 
worked  were  living  only  from  hand  to 
month,  these  big  colonies  at  the  out- 
apiary  actually  laid  up  from  20  to  30 
pounds  of  stores  in  the  combs  above 
their  brood.  And  then  when  other  col- 
onies were  working  a  very  little  or  not 
at  all  in  the  section  supers,  these  were 
completing  their  first  44  sections,  and 
well  at  work  in  the  second  super  of  44 
above.  Such  work  as  this  is  enough  to 
cause  the  queen  to  produce  all  the  eggs 
in  her  ovaries  in  about  two  years;  and 
as  the  work  of  superseding  as  given 
above  is  easily  done,  I  think  it  well 
pays  to  kill  any  queens  when  two 
years  old,  and  give  a  cell  to  the  colony, 
unless  it  is  a  queen  that  has  proven 
herself  of  extra  value,  when  I  would 
keep  her  to  breed  from  the  next  year, 
should  she  live  through. 

Just  a  word  about  what  a  populous 
colony  will  do:  Some  of  you  may  re- 
member that  some  of  my  colonies  were 
extra  strong  last  spring  on  account  of 
the  bee?  "drifting"  when  set  out  of  the 
cellar,  well,  it  was  a  surprise,  even  to 
me,  to  see  the  amount  of  honey  that 
some  of  these  colonies  brought  in  from 
the  few  scattering  willows,  elms,  soft 
maples,  and  the  like  Ordinary  col- 
onies gathered  little  more  than  the}' 
consumed  but  these  extra  colonies  tilled 
several  combs  besides. 


OUT  DOOR  FetDING. 


Some  of  Ihe  Abuses,  and  How  It    May  be 
Used  to  Prevent  Robbing. 

Most  of  us  have  looked  upon  the  ex- 
posure of  sweets  during  a  honey  dearth, 
as  H  sure  forerunner  of  honey  robbing, 
and,  as  usually  done,  so  it  is,  but  it 
seems  it  is  possible  by  this  very  ex- 
posure to  attract  the  bfes  aztay  from 
;uiy    hi\e    that  is    opentd.     Last    year 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


247 


Ernest  Root  experimented  quite  exten- 
sively along-  this  line,  and  published 
in  Gleanings  the  result  of  this  experi- 
menting, and,  as  the  time  is  now  here 
when  robbers  are  likcl^'  to  become 
troublesome  if  lives  are  opened,  I  can 
do  no  belter  than  to  copj'  the  article 
entire.     M..  Rout  said  : — 

We  have  overcome  to  a  great  extent 
the  ditticulty  of  wed  ring  out  bees  ex- 
perienced with  the  outdoor  feeding  as 
mentioned  on  p  906  of  our  last  issue. 
We  use  60  lb  cans  with  small  holes 
punched  in  the  top  as  before.  These 
are  iiuw  filled  with  syrup  of  the  con- 
sistency of  two  parts  of  water  to  one  of 
sugar.  The  wenker  syrup  has  less  of 
a  teniiency  to  make  the  bees  scramble 
against  each  other.  Then,  to  mitigate 
further  the  damage  to  the  bees  by 
reason  of  their  struggling  againsi.  each 
other,  the  60-lb.  cans  are  elevated 
some  ten  feet  above  the  ground.  The 
wire  bail  or  handle  that  is  in  the  top 
is  unsoldered.  The  can  is  then  turned 
upside  down,  and  the  handle  is  sol- 
dered to  the  bottom.  The  other  end  of 
the  can  is  perforated  with  small  holes, 
as  before  explained.  A  rope  is  passed 
over  a  limb  of  a  tree,  12  feet  or  more 
above  the  ground.  "When  the  can  is 
filled  with  the  two-to-one  syrup,  the 
rope  is  tied  to  the  bail  (now  on  the  bot- 
tom of  the  can-,  when  the  can  is  hauled 
up  to  the  height  oi  about  10  feet.  It 
mil 3'  take  several  hours  for  the  bees  to 
find  it;  but  when  they  do  they  will  be- 
gin in  earnest.  The  bees  will  form  in 
bunches  at  the  perforations,  and  drop 
down;  but  instead  of  dropping  with  a 
thud  or  a  jar  to  the  ground  or  in  the 
grass,  sustaining  more  or  less  of  a 
shock,  and  wearing  out  their  wings  in 
the  scramble  to  take  wing  in  the  grass, 
they  catch  wing  before  the}'  actuall}' 
strike  the  groimd,  and  fly  up  again. 
They  no  more  than  get  a  little  sip  of 
syrup  than  down  they  go  again,  catch 
wing,  fly  up,  take  a  sip  and  down 
again,  and  so  on.  The  under  side  of 
the  tin  is  so  smooth  that  there  is  noth- 
ing for  the  bees  to  cling  to,  and  they 
can  not  do  very  much  scrambling. 
But  just  the  minute  two  or  three  get  to 
Uig^MPg  at  the  same  1  ole  down  the}'  go. 
The  result  is,  we  have  produced  almost 
all  the  conditions  of  an  artificial  honey- 
flow.  It  takes  the  bees  so  long  to  get  a 
load  of  syrup  that  the}'  fly  back  and 
forth  to  the  hives  quietly,  and  without 
excitement.  The  60  lb.  cans  of  dilute 
syrup  will  keep  a  yard  of  some  300  col 


onies  during  an  absolute  dearth  of 
honey  (juiot  for  a  couple  of  days  so 
that  the  hive.s  can  be  opened  indiscrim- 
inately, and  combs  exposed  without 
any  robbing.  It  begins  to  develop 
now  that  the  bees  that  do  most  of  the 
robbing  represent  but  a  very  small 
portion  of  the  whole  yard.  It  is  these 
that  we  keep  busy  by  outdoor  feeding. 
As  they  can  not  do  any  scrambling  to 
any  extent  there  is  not  the  same  wear 
and  tear  that  we  experienced  in  our 
early  experiments.  We  feed  up  for 
winter  all  of  our  300  colonies  at  the 
home  yard  by  this  outdoor  feeding. 
WMiat  is  more,  this  syrup  is  ripened  in 
nature's  way,  and  therefore  must 
make  .an  ideal  winter  food. 

I  am  becoming  more  and  more  con- 
vinced that  there  is  more  to  this  out- 
door feeding  than  we  formerly  sup- 
posed. Very  often  extracting  has  to 
be  deferred  until  after  the  honey-flow, 
or  during  an  absolute  dearth  of  honey. 
It  is  tlien  that  robbing  will  go  on  at  a 
furious  rate;  for  it  is  simply  impos- 
sible, in  opening  the  hives,  shaking 
and  brushing  the  combs,  to  jirevent 
robbers  from  getting  a  sip  of  honey 
now  and  then — just  enough  to  puc  the 
whole  apiary  in  an  uproar.  Although 
I  have  not  tried  it,  I  feel  confident  that 
this  robbing  nuisance  can  be  entirely 
overcome.  Take  ordinary  cheap  honey 
and  dilute  it  considerably  with  water. 
Put  it  into  two  square  cans  prepared 
in  the  way  I  have  described,  two  days 
before  extracting  is  to  be  done.  I  re- 
conunend  in  this  case  the  use  of  Jwucy 
rather  than  syrup,  so  if  some  of  the  fed 
product  goes  into  the  combs  that  are 
extracted  it  will  do  no  harm,  because 
it  will  be  honey  just  the  same.  In  the 
twodays  intervening  the  bees  will  have 
foucd  the  feeders  and  will  get  nicely 
started.  Probably  the  two  cans  of 
feed  will  last  them  for  the  two  days. 
Two  cans  more,  at  least,  will  enable 
the  apiarist  to  extract  all  of  his  honey; 
for  the  would-be  robbers  have  become 
accustomed  to  the  feeder;  and  if  some 
few  bees  should  steal  a  little  honey 
from  the  combs  it  will  not  cause  a 
furore,  because  other  bees  will  natur- 
ally suppose  it  comes  from  the  feeders. 
The  net  result  of  this  is,  that  lOO  or 
150  lbs.  of  honey  borrowed  from  the 
bees  enables  one  to  take  from  them  sev- 
eral tons  of  e\tra.3ted  honey  in  a 
dearth. 

x\  few  days  ago  at  niie  of  our  out- 
yards  the  boys  attempted  to  do  a 
little  in-hive  feeding.  It  was  not  long 
before  the    apiary    was  in    an    uproar. 


248 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


and  one  of  the  men  phoned  up  to  our 
ofifice  to  know  what  he  should  do.  I 
telephoned  back  to  restrict  the  en- 
trances of  all  the  hives  with  <j;Teeii 
g'rass,  and  stop  inside  feeding-  or  open- 
ing up  any  more  hives,  and  to  prepare 
immediately  two  square  cans  for  out- 
door feeding-.  This  they  did,  hanging 
the  cans  on  the  limbs  of  two  near  by 
trees  on  the  out-skirts  of  the  \'ard.  It 
took  the  robbers  a  little  time  to  learn 
where  the  feed  was.  As  soon  as  they 
discovered  it,  robbing  began  to  let  up. 
The  next  day  one  of  the  boys  went  back 
to  finish  up  his  work  with  the  colonies. 
He  opened  up  the  hives  indiscrimin- 
ately, without  any  trouble  from  the 
robbers.  I  am  sure  we  could  have 
done  extracting  or  anything  else,  be- 
cause the  combs  were  exposed  just  as 
much  as  if  extracting-  had  been  going 
on. 

A  good  many  county  fairs  will  now 
be  held  within  the  next  thirty  days. 
Some  bee-yards  will  be  located  near 
some  of  these  fair  g-rounds,  where 
watermelons  will  be  cut  open,  and 
molasses  candy  made.  If  two  outside 
feeders  be  hung-  up  two  da3's  previous 
to  fa.ir  time  it  will  effectually  stop  any 
robbing  on  the  part  of  the  bees  around 
any  of  the  candy-stands.  We  demon- 
strated this  conclusively  a  year  ago, 
arid  we  now  feel  that  we  are  master  of 
t!)P  situation. 

But  ihere  may  be  some  canning  of 
fruit;  and  if  your  bees  are  a  nuisance, 
start  an  out-door  feeder  and  keep  it 
going-  until  the  canning  season  is  over. 
Perhaps  the  owner  of  a  cider-mill 
lodges  a  complaint.  As  he  will  pro- 
bably run  his  mill  for  thirty  or  ninety 
days  it  will  not  be  practicable  to  run 
out-door  feeding  for  that  length  of 
time,  unless  the  whole  apiary  needs  a 
general  feed. 

The  best  thing-  to  do  in  that  case  is 
get  mosquito-netting  and  screen  the 
mill.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  yard 
is  short  of  stores  and  will  require  the 
feeding  of  several  barrels  of  sugar, 
and  if  there  are  n.)  other  bees  in  the 
vicinity,  outdoor  feeding  can  be  prac- 
ticed to  great  advantage. 

So  far  I  have  not  said  anything 
about  the  abuse  of  this  method  of  stop- 
ping- robbing-  by  g-iving-  tiie  bees  food. 
Oi!.- of  the  abuses  is  letting  the  bees 
gi^  '  the  syrup  so  that  they  can  take 
50  ■  lOo  lbs.  within  an  hour,  wear- 
ing leir  live.-,  out  prematurely.  The 
groo  jd-board  plan  makes  this  possi- 
ble; while  the  square  can,  with  holes 
punched    ii.  it    and   elevated    ten    feet 


above  ground,  reduces  the  wear  and 
tear  to  a  minimum,  or  not  much  more 
thon  a  natural  honey-flow. 

Another  abuse  would  be  feeding  your 
neighbors'  bees  or  stray  bees  in  bee- 
trees.  Obviously  the  only  thing  to  do 
is  to  feed  in  the  hives,  unless  you  can 
arrange  with  your  neighbor  to  pay  his 
pro  rata  of  expense. 


HOFFMAN  FRAMES. 

The  Ends  of  the  Top  Bars  Not  Suitable  for 
Use  in  Shaking  off  Bees. 


I  have  recently  had  several  days  of 
experience  in  shaking-  bees  off  the 
com.bs  for  extracting  honey,  and  it  has 
only  served  to  strengthen  my  dislike 
for  Hoffman  frames.  As  Mr.  Chapman 
says,  "they  have  no  handles."  It  is 
true  there  is  a  projection  of  the  top  bar 
for  them  to  hang-  upon,  but  it  is  only 
'4  of  an  inch  thick,  while  the  top  bar 
is  about  an  inch  in  depth,  and  these 
little  %  inch  projections  seem  to  be 
built  on  purpose  to  be  split  oflF.  as  I 
soon  fo'ind  when  I  went  to  using  them 
for  handles  in  shaking  combs.  My 
own  top  bars  are  of  poplar,  7-16  thick, 
and  the  same  size  the  whole  length, 
with  m  jog-  or  notch  to  encourage 
splitting.  They  neither  break,  split, 
nor  sag,  ami  I  can  pick  up  a  comb  and 
give  it  ust  as  hard  a  jerk  as  I  wish, 
with  the  comfortable  feeling  that  I 
know  the  comb  won't  part  company, 
and  go  tumbling  on  the  g-rass.  Of 
course  a  man  can  take  hold  of  the  top 
bar  back  from  the  ends — but  let  me 
give  an  extract  from  an  article  written 
by  Mr.  W.  C.  Cathright,  of  California, 
and  published  in  Gleanings.  Mr. 
Cathright  says: — 

I  have  been  very  much  interested  in 
the  discussion  of  the  merits  and  de- 
merits of  the  Hoffman  frame.  Uefore 
coming-  to  California  I  used  and  liked 
the  Hoffman  frame;  but  i  was  a  comb 
honey  producer.  I  have  visited  many 
large  apiaries  here,  and  am  convinced 
the  plain  frame  is  best  for  large  apia- 
ries run  for  extracted  honey. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


249 


These  frame  as  made  here  have  one 
inch  projection  of  the  top-bars  past  the 
end-bar.  This  fj^ives  one  a  chance  to 
g^et  two  fingers  under  eiich  end  so  as  to 
g-et  a  g'ood  g'rip  for  shaking  off  bees. 
You  say,  Mr.  Editor,  that  you  prefer 
to  pick  up  a  frame  by  the  top-bar  just 
inside  the  end-bars — tliat  is,  where  it 
is  usually  covered  with  bees,  while 
with  the  long-top  bar  the  ends  are  fur- 
ther awa^'  from  the  bees  asit  is  possi- 
ble to  get. 

While  holding  the  top-bar  as  you  say 
between  or  inside  the  end-bars,  and 
shaking  oflf  bees,  that  would  be  en- 
tirely out  of  the  question  with  me.  It's 
just  like  trying  to  lift  your  hives  with 
cleats  or  hand-holes.  Our  hives  are 
made  with  rabbets  -juxH,  so  there  is  a 
bee-space  at  the  ends  of  the  top-bars. 
The  staples  for  end  spacing  are  a  good 
thing;  but  cutting  off  the  ends  of  the 
top-bar  to  get  a  bee-space  when  they 
were  alread3'  too  short  for  ease  of 
handling  is,  in  my  opinion,  ruinous. 
Then  to  make  the  projections  almost 
useless  as  a  support  for  heavy  combs, 
you  have  reduced  the  thickness  to  X 
inch.  They  should  not  be  less  than 
fs,  and  nailed  through  the  top  into  the 
ends.  This  prevents  splitting  oflF  the 
top.  Most  of  the  Hoffman  frames  I 
find  about  over  the  country  are  nailed 
onl^'  one  way — i.  e. ,  through  the  end 
into  the  shoulder  of  the  top-bar.  They 
should  be  nailed  both  ways;  but  if  only 
one  way  it  is  more  important  to  nail 
through  the  top  into  the  ends  One  ex- 
periment ought  to  prove  this  to  j'ou. 
Takt  two  frames,  one  nailed  one  way 
and  one  nailed  the  other;  weight  them 
about  like  a  comb  of  honey;  hold  them 
abo\eihe  hive,  letting  them  drop  on 
the  rabbets,  and  see  which  one  is  first 
and  easiest  to  break. 


SHIPPING  CASES 

I  have  thousands  of  them  in  stock. 
White  basswood,  24- tt.,  16c;  12- It.,  10c. 
Cases  made  of  '4  inch  veneer  basswood, 
with  corrugated  bottoms  to  protect  the 
honey,  24- it.,  13c. 

Marshfi^ld  sections  kept  in  stock. 
None  better.  Dovetail  hives  and  all 
kinds  of  supplies  sold  at  a  discount. 
Honey  and  Beeswa.x  wanted.  I  will 
furnish  cases  to  put  honey  in,  or  cans. 
Send  for  free  catalog. 

W.  D.  SOPER, 

Jackson,  Mich. 


THE  PREMO  FILM  PACK  ADAPTER 

Malics  vour  Plate  Camera  a 
Daylight  Loading   Film  Camera. 

With  the  Adapter  you  carry  12  ex- 
posures in  the  space  required  for  one 
Plate  Holder.  You  can  focus  on  the 
ground  glass  between  any  or  all  ex- 
posures. You  can  load  and  unload  in 
daylight.  You  can  remove  one  or 
more  films  for  development  before  the 
others  are  exposed. 

Prices  of  Adapters  are  3'4x4'^, 
$  1 .00;  4x5,  $  1 .50;  5xV,$2.50. 

Write  for  catalog  explainintr  the 
Premo  Daylig^ht  System. 


Golden  and  Leather=Colored 
Italians. 

Price  of  Golden  queens.  Before  July  1st:  Untest- 
ed. $1.00  each:  6  for  S5.00:  12  for  $")  00.  Warranted 
$1.25  each;  6  for  $7.00:  12  for  $13.00.  Tested,  Sl.SO 
each.  Select  tested  $2  00.  After  July  1.  Un- 
tested 75c  each:  t>  for  $4.t10:  one  dozen  $7  00;  War- 
ranted tested  $1.25  each;  0  for  $7.00;  one  dozen 
$13. 00.  Tested  $1.50:  Select  tested  $2  00.  Breed- 
ers $5.00.  Caucasian  (Jueens  will  be  ready  to 
mail  July  1.  Untested  $1.00  each;  6  for  ?5.00. 
Warrented  tested  $1.40  each:  6  for  $8.00. 

We  have  three  yards,  two  Italian  and  one  Cau- 
casian and  mean  to  meet  the  demand  of  the  trade. 
Prices  of  nuclei  on  application. 

D.  J*  Blocher,  Pearl  City,    Illinois 


SUPERIOR    QUEENS 

For  the  balance  of  the  season. 
CAUCASIANS,  untested,  7.^  cts.  each, 
$8.00  per    dozen.     Tested,    §1.00    each; 
$11.00  per  dozen.     Select  tested,    $1.25; 
$12.00  per  dozen. 

ITALIANS  and  CARNIOLANS  un- 
tested, 60  cts.  each;  $6.50  per  dozen. 
Tested,  75  cts.  each,  $8.00  per  dozen. 
Select  tested,  $1.00  each,  $11,00  per 
dozen. 

CHAS.   KOEPPEN, 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


250 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Be  Careful  of 
Your  Honey 

i  5  £  i 

One  Hundred  Cents 
on  the  Dollar. 

£  £  £  £ 

If  You  Buy  LEWIS 
GOODS. 

£  3  £  5 

BEWARE 

Where  You 

Buy  Your 

BEEWARE 

Agents: 

EN(;LAND-E.     H.     Taylor, 

Welvvyn,  Herts. 
CUHA-C.  B.  Stevens    &    Co.. 
Havana.     C  B.  Stevens  ^i 
Co.,  Manzanillo, 
CALIFORNIA     Charles     H. 

Lilly  Co.,  San  Francisco. 
SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA 
"Fletcher     Doyle   Co.,    San 

Diego. 
Falli  rook  Co-operative  Asso- 

ciition.  Fallbrook. 
Paul  Baihert,  Lancaster, 
COLORADO     R.     C.    Aikin. 
Loveland. 
Arkansas  Valley  Honey-vmv 
ducers'  Ass'n  Rocky  Ford. 
Colorado   Honey    Producers' 

Association,  Denver. 
Fruit    Growers'    Association 

Grand  Junction. 
Hobert  Halley,  Montrose. 
lOWA-A.  A.  Clark,  LeMars. 
L.    Hanssen's    Son,  Daven- 
port. 


HONEY    Commands 

Higher   Prices 

Packed  in 

LEWIS 

Sections  and  Ship= 
ping  Cases. 

Order  of  Your 

Nearest  Agent. 

0.   B.    LEWIS  CO., 

Watertown, 

Wis. 

Agents: 

ILLINOIS— York     Honey     & 
Bee  Supply  Co..  141-143  On- 
tario St.,  Chicauo. 
Dadant  &  Son.  Hamilton- 
INDIANA— C.     M.    Scoti    & 

Co.,  Indianapolis 
MICHIGAN  — A.  G.  Woodman 

Co..  Grand  Rapids. 
MINNESOTA— Wis  con  si  n 

Lumber   Co.,   432   Lumber 

Exchange.  Minneapolis. 
MISSOURI— E.     T.     Abbott, 

St.  Joseph. 
OHIO-Norris     &     An-!pach, 

Kenton. 
OREGON— The Chas   H.Lilly 

Co.,  Portland, 
PENNSYLVANIA  —  Claver 

&  Green,  Tros'. 
TEX  AS  —  Southwestern    Bee 

Co..  San  Antonio. 
UTAH     Fred.  Foulger  &  Sons 

Ogden. 
WASHINGTON     The    C.   H 

Lilly  Co.,  Seattle, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS    REVIEW 


251 


Essftra  Fiimep  Clover  Qtuieeim© 

After  years  of  I honghtful  and  careful  breeding,  seeking  more  especially  the  more  i)erfect  de- 
velopment of  a  strain  of  CI<OVER  WOKKKKS,  I  am  pleased  to  offer  a  thtee-handed  strain  of 
bees  possessing  the  rarest  <]ualilies  of  perfection  . 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  NUCLEI  :  Untested  queens,  50  els.:  select  untested  queens,  75  els. 
two-frame  nuclei,  alter  June  ist,  S2.00  If  queen  is  wanted,  add  price  of  q\ieen  to  price  of  nucleus. 
4-o6-6t 


HONEY  QUEENS 

I,AW.S'  ITAIJAN  and  HOI.Y  I^AND  QUEENS. 
Plent.v  f'f  fine  (juefus  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  lam  catering  to  a  satisfied  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?     Or  are  j'ou  interested 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 
Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  as  consistent  with  good  q>ieens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $800;  tested  Jr.oo;  i  er 
dozen,  $10.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race.  $3  00  each  . 

W.  H.  Laws,  BeevillCj   Tex. 


For  Sale— About  500  colonies  of  bi'es  will  be  for 
sale  as  soon  as  1906  crop  of  honey  is  off.  W.  P. 
CoUms,  Boulder,  Colo  8-06-lt 


WANTED,  to  buy.  for  cash,  fancy  comb  and  ex- 
tracted honey.  R.  A.  HOLEKAMP. 
4263  Virginia  Ave.,  St.  Louis    Mr. 


WAiVTKD— Well    ripened    extracted    Bass- 
wood    and    Clover  Hom-y,  lig^ht   in  color.     Prompt 
payment   on    receipt,    ~%c   per   lb.     f.  o.  b.   West 
Berd 
?-06-4t  H.  C.  A  H  LER  -,  West  Bend,  Wis 


&&Si  &^:&  &&&  &&&&&&  e^^«  ^^^  &&&  &&«  &&&  &&&  9-^S-  &6'S-  &&&  &&&  &&&  &&&  &&& 


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0/ 

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\it 

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\ii 

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CLOVER  HONEY 

At  the  home  apiary,  here  at  Flint,  surplus  comes 
only  from  clover;  it  is  not  necessary  to  hurry  off  the 
honey  for  fear  it  may  be  mixed  with  buckwheat;  it  can 
be  left  on  the  hives  until  thoroug-hly  ripened,  and  every 
cell  is  capped.  As  a  matter  of  fact  my  honey  was  left 
in  the  hives  this  year  for  more  than  a  month  after  it  was 
sealed,  and  the  result  is  honey  that  is  thick,  heavy  and 
smooth.  If  you  would  like  some  clover  honey  that  is 
truly  delicious,  somethinfj  away  ahead  of  the  ordinary 
clover  honey  found  on  the  market,  somethingf  rich  and 
ripe,  and  fine-flavored,  let  me  send  you  some  of  mine. 

It  is  put  up  in  f)0-lb.  cans,  two  in  a  case,  and  a  single 
case  will  be  soldatS'L'  cts.  a  lb.  ($10.20  for  a  case),  or 
more  than  one  case  will  be  sold  at  8  cts.  a  lb.  (  $').60  a  case), 
but  not  less  than  this,  even  if  the  whole  crop  is  taken. 

If  you  would  like  to  taste  the  honey  before  orderinyf, 
drop  me  a  postal,  and  I'll  mail  you  a  jrenerous  sample — 
enoug"h  so  that  the  nei.ii"hbors,  too,  may  have  a  taste, 
when  they  may  wish  to  join  with  you  in  orderin.ir  a  case, 
if  you  shouM  not  wish  that  much  yourself. 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,   Flint,  Mich. 


t€^^«- ts^t  f-ti- «-tt  t  €^«^  ttt  tte- c^s^s- c^j^s- fr  i^i- tt€- f  ts  1 1 5- tt  e- tg^e- 1  j-t  t  j^  t  ttt 


2S2 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


One  of  the  most  ditificult  tasks  of  my 
life  is  that  of  writing  an  advertisement 
of  Advanced  Bee  Culture.  Be  as 
modest  as  I  can,  it  still  smackcs  of 
egotism  -  sounds  like  a  parent  praising 
his  own  child.  If  the  book  had  been 
written  by  some  other  man,  the  writing 
of  an  advertisement  would  be  compara- 
tively easy.  However,  even  at  the  risk 
of  laying  myself  open  to  ridicule,  of 
becoming  a  laughing  stock,  I  am  going 
to  forget  for  once,  that  I  am  its  author 
and  publisher,  and  write  as  though  of 
another's  work 

When  18  years  old  I  visited  an 
apiary  in  swarming-time;  saw  bees 
hanging  in  great,  golden-brown  clus- 
ters from  the  swaying  boughs  of  the 
old  apple  tree;  saw  the  snowy  white 
combs  growing  as  by  magic;  saw  the 
waxen  cells  filled  with  nectar,  and  in- 
haled that  sweetest  of  all  perfumes — 
the  odor  from  a  bee  hive  in  harvest 
time.  I  was  filled  through  and  through 
with  enthusiasm.  Here  was  a  busi- 
ness that  was  most  truly  the  poetry  of 
life.  I  was  that  day  born  a  bee- 
keeper. There  was  no  longer  any 
doubt  as  to  what  should  be  my  life- 
occupation.  I  at  once  began  buying 
bee  books  and  journals,  and  visiting 
bee-keepers,  and  studying  the  business 
from  every  possible  standpoint.  It 
was  six  years  later  before  I  was  able 
to  actually  engage  in  the  business, 
but  I  then  possessed  as  thorough  a 
theoretical  knowledge  of  bee-keeping  as 
does  a  young  physician  of  mediciiifi 
when  he  begins  to  practice. 

All  this  was  30  odd  years  ago;  and, 
since  then,  I  have  run  the  whole 
gamut  of  bee-keeping,  time  and  time 
and  again.     I  have  practiced  all  sorts 


of  methods  for  artificial  increase.  I 
have  battled  with  the  difficulties  of 
natural  swarming;  I  have  produced 
tons  and  tons  of  comb  honey;  have 
tried  mj'  hand  at  extracted  honey 
production;  I  have  reared  and  sold 
thousands  and  thousands  of  queens;  I 
have  exhibited  bees  and  honey  for  15 
consecutive  years  at  from  one  to  half 
a  dozen  State  fairs,  I  have  wintered 
bees  in  all  sorts  of  ways,  out  doors 
and  in,  in  cellars  and  buried  in  clamps; 
I  have  attended  nearly  all  of  the  con- 
ventions of  a  National  character; 
visited  hundreds  of  bee-keepers  in  their 
homes,  scattered  from  ocean  to  ocean 
and  from  the  lakes  to  the  gulf;  I  have 
read  all  the  books  and  journals;  for 
nearly  20  years  I  have  published  the 
Review,  enjoying  the  confidence  and 
correspondence  of  bee-keepers  scattered 
all  over  this  country;  in  short  I  have 
been  a  wide  awake,  enthusiastic,  prac- 
tical, actual  work-a-day,  bread  and 
butter  bee-keeper  all  of  these  years, 
making  a  living  for  myself,  wife  and 
little  ones,  out  of  bees. 

Advanced  Bee  Culture  is  the 
ripened  fruit  of  all  these  years  of 
varied  experience;  it  is  the  crowning 
effort  of  my  life.  I  look  upon  it  as  the 
best  piece  of  work  that  I  have  ever 
done,  or,  perhaps  ever  will  do.  It  is 
written  from  a  bread  and  butter  stand- 
point. It  teaches  how  to  make  a  liv- 
ing, yes,  more  than  that,  make  money 
out  of  bees.  From  all  of  these  sources 
that  I  have  mentioned,  from  my  own 
experience,  and  that  of  the  men  with 
whom  I  have  associated,  I  have  de- 
scribed the  most  advanced,  the  best 
methods,  of  keeping  bees  for  ptofit.  I 
begin  at  the  opening  of    the  year,  and 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


253 


go  through  the  season,  step  by  step, 
touching-  briefly  but  clearly  and  con- 
cisely upon  all  of  the  inost  important 
points,  showing  their  relationship,  one 
to  the  other,  and  how,  joined  together, 
they  make  a  perfect  whole.  If  I  could 
have  had  this  book  20  years  ago,  and 
followed  its  teachings,  I  might* now 
have  been  a  rich  man.  I  say  it  fear- 
lessly, because  I  know  that  it  is  true, 
that  no  practical  bee-keeper  can  aftord 
not  to  read  it.  The  courage,  enthusi- 
asm, and  inspiration  alone  will  be 
worth  more  to  him  than  the  cost  of  the 
book,  to  say  nothing  of  the  more  prac- 
tical instructions.  Many  a  man  fails 
from  a  lack  of  these  ver^'  us  eful  quali- 
ties, and  the  perusal  of  Advanced 
Bee  Culture  will  do  much  to  help  him 
in  this  respect. 

One  more  point:  A  dozen  years  ago 
I  took  up  photography  as  a  hobby,  as 
a  pastime.  I  have  studied  it  just  as  you 
have  studied  bee-keeping.  I  have  read 
the  journals  and  books  on  the  subjects, 
attended  the   conventions,    etc.     I  have 


lugged  a  large  camera  along  with  me 
all  over  United  States  and  Canada, 
and  used  it  with  loving  care.  Ad- 
vanced Bee  Culture  contains  the 
gems  of  this  collection  of  all  these 
years —  a  collection  that  is  simply  un- 
approachable in  the  line  of  apiculture. 

The  book  is  beautifully  [printed  with 
clear,  large  type  on  heavy  enameled 
paper.  It  is  bound  in  cloth  of  a  bluish 
drab,  and  the  front  cover  embellished 
with  a  green  vine  of  clover,  a  bee  of 
gold  sipping  nectar  from  the  snowy 
vvhite  blossoms  of  the  clover.  Taken 
all  in  all,  it  is  a  beautiful  book. 

If  the  advertising  that  I  have  done  in 
the  past  has  not  convinced  j'ou  that 
you  need  the  book,  then  the  fault  is  in 
the  advertising;  and,  for  this  once,  I 
have  cut  loose  and  said  just  what  I 
think  of  the  book,  just  as  I  would  of 
some  other  book — I  may  never  do  it 
again. 

Price  of  the  book  $1.20,  or  the  Review 
one  yea.-  and  the  book  for  only  $2.00. 


riLnHT.  MICH. 


QUEENS 

of  Moore's    Strain    of   Italians 

Produce  workers  that  fill  the  supers 
and  are  not  inclined  to  swarm. 

Stewart  Smillie,  Bluevale,  Ont., 
Can.,  says: 

"They  fill  the  supers  and  are  not  so 
much  inclined  to  swarm  as  others.  I 
have  been  buying  queens  for  15  years, 
and  your  stock  was  the  only  one  that 
WHS  any  good  to  gather  honey. 

Untested  queens,  $.75  each;  six,  $4  00 
dozen,  $7  50.  Select  untested,  $1.U0 
each;  six,  $5.00;  dozen.  $9.00. 

Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guar- 
anteed. 

J.  P.  MOORE,  Morgan, 

Pendleton  Co.,  Ky. 


Aug.  Lotz  &  Son 


Make  a  specialty  of 
manufacturing-  sec- 
tions and  shipping- 
cases.  Bee-keepers 
supplies  always  on 
hand.  Prompt  ship- 
ments. Send  for 
catalog-  and    prices. 


Cadott, 


Wis. 


254  THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Free  |^;  Lands 

Write  to  C.  L.  Seagraves,  General  Colonization  Agent. A.  T.  & 
S.  F.  Ry.,  1117  Railwa}'  Exchange,  Chicago,  for  free  copy  of  new 
folder,  telling  all  about  Government  lands  along  the  Santa  Fe  in 
western  Kansas,  eastern  Colorada,  New  Mexico,  Arizona  and 
California,  subject  to  homestead  entry. 

In  that  rtrgion  are  millions  of  unoccupied  acres.  Much  of  this 
land  can  be  irrigated,  or  crops  grown  under  the  Campbell  system 
of  "dry  farming." 

It  costs  yoa  only  a  postal  card  to  find  out  the  facts. 

Southwest    and   in 

California 


I         WE  MANUFACTURE  i 

^^  The  finest,  whitest,  no-drip,  Basswood    Shipping  Case  on  the  c£^ 

^  market    today.     Covers    and    bottoms    are    of    ONE   PIECt:.  C^d^ 

SJ^S  Everything  is   POLISHED  on    both    sides   and  a  better    case  ^^i^ 

^^  cannot  be  had  at  any  price.     We  can  furnish  them  in  single  or  ;f^^ 

*^^")  53^ 

Sjig  car-load  lots   to    fit  any    number   or    style    of  section.     Large  Cf^^ 

^J^  quantities  of    all  the    standard  sizes    on    hand.     As  a  special  CJ^d^* 

^J^  offer,  we    will  sell    you  25  case*  to   hold  24    sections,  complete  ^r^i^ 

^^<  with  NAILS,  PAPfc:R  and  GLASS,  at  $4  00.     Write  for  prices  e^^ 

W^  on  larger  quantities.      Can  furnish  corrugated  paper  if  desired.  C^d^ 

^ji^  We   can    furnish  you    with   anything    you   need  in  the  apiarv.  Cr^d^ 

^T^«  "  Ms. 

^*g  Our    catalog    is    free.     Prompt    Shipment   and    Satisfaction  C*^-^ 

^Ji^  Guaranteed.  ^^1*5 

^T<fV)  site 

m 


i'>m 


MINNESOTA  BEE  KEEPERS'  SUPPLY  CO.,  ^^^^ 

M        Nicollet  Island.     No.  35.  Minneapolis,  Minn.        &I 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


255 


I  have  produced  a  crop  of  extracted  honey  from 
the  wild,  red  raspberry  of  Northern  Michi>jan.  It 
wouhl  be  an  easy  matter  to  send  this  entire  crop,  in  a 
lump,  to  some  dealer,  but  I  prefer  to  j^ive  each  of  my 
friends  an  opportunity  of  supplying-  his  table  with  this 
truly  delicious  honey — a  honey  with  a  flav^or  all  of  its  own 
— a  flavor  that  smacks  of  the  wild  raspberry  of  the  forests. 

The  honey  is  put  up  in  60-lb  cans,  two  in  a  case, 
and  a  sinsjle  case(120  lbs.)  will  be  sold  at  8/^2  cents  a 
pound  ($10.20  for  a  case)  and  larg^er  orders  will  be  filled 
at  8  cents  a  pound  ($9.60  a  case)  but  not  less  than  that 
even  thoug-h  the  whole  crop  should  be  taken. 

If  you  prefer  to  taste  the  honey  before  ordering-, 
drop  me  a  postal,  and  I'll  mail  you  a  g-enerous  sample  — 
enough  so  that  the  neig^hbors,  too,  can  have  a  taste,  and 
perhaps  will  wish  to  join  you  in  ordering  a  case,  if  you 
should  not  care  to  take  that  much  yourself. 


PVRn  ITALIAN  BE^S 

The  most  bi-autiful.  gt-ntk',  pnilitic,  Ix'St  wnrk- 
ingr.  and  being  long-toniruKl,  best  hom-y-Kather- 
crs.  l^rixfS — VI.  Swiss  Agricultural  Exliibition, 
Hi-rnc.  iS'i5:  S.viss  National  E>  hil)lli()n,  (icncva. 
l.s'Ki;  I!ri--Keeping  Exposition,  Li'-ge,  lielgiuni, 
lS'i5;  llniviisal  Exposition,  St.  fyouis.  U.  S.  A. 
I'lOi.  The  High f St  Award.  p:xtra  select 
l)ree(ling  (Jueen,  S  .00:  six.  SKi.OO:  dozen,  S'O.' 0. 
Selecied  <Jueen,  SJ  00:  six,  SI  1.00:  dozen.  S^O.OO. 
Young  ferti  ized  que<n,  tested,  SI. 00:  six.  S'l.OO: 
dozen,  S16  00.  Spi-cial  prias  on  1  rifer  number. 
Tile  addre.sses  must  be  clear:  paynn  nts  by  postal 
monej- o  ders.  If  by  chance  a  <iuei-n  dii-s  upon  t  he 
journey  she  is  to  be  retTiii  d  immediately,  \\\  h  a 
postal  certiticate.  and  another  nuee  •  will  be  sent 
■'■''atis.     Address. 

Anthony  Biagj', 

Pedeville.  near  Bellinzona.  Italian  Switzerland, 

This  country  i^  I)olitically  the  Sw  t/ATland  >- o- 
public.  but  lies  Keographically  'ii  Italy,  and  pos- 
sesses the  best  liind  of  bees  Utiown.  Bee-Keepers 
o(  the  Far  West  can  live  their  orders  to  my 
brother  Stefano  (Stephen)  Hiaggi.  farmer,  resident 
at  Wash,  Plumas  Co.,  California,  who  will  kindly 
collect  orders.     In  writing,  mention  the  Kevicw, 


BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  tnanufacture  standard  dovetailed  bee-hives 
and  supplies,  cheaptr  than  j'on  ever  bought 
before.  Our  Queens  and  13ce>  stand  at  the  head 
in  quality.  Unltsted  75c,  each;  J4  25  for  6;  or 
JS.oo  per  dozen.  Tested,  $i.2seach:  ^12  00  per 
dozen.  Select  te.sted,  $1  50  Special  prices  to 
dealers  .niid  in  large  lots  on  application  Uitt- 
mer's  foundation      Catalog  free 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beeville,    Bee  Co.    Texas. 


Three-and  Five-B.inded  Italian    and 
Carniolan 

QUEENS 

as  iiood  as  the  best  and  ready  to  ship 
now.  Saiisfactidii  f^uaranteed.  Un- 
tested, 50  cts. ;  tested,  75  cts, 

C.  B.  BANKSTON,  Milano,  Tex. 

306-tf 


256 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


rO^ake  Youp  Own  Hives. 

J©ee  -  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
usiny  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on  trial. 
Send  for  Catalogue. 

W.F.&JNO.B&RNESCQ., 

W4  Kaby  St., 

Rockford,     Ills. 


I     c6  12 


l!^^ 


PATEINX,      BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.        24 


<    YEIARS   the:     BEIST.      CATALOG    FREIEI.    ) 
T.      F.      BINGHAM,       FARWEILL,      MICH 


BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Prices 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG     MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
401-M  147- t4q  Cedar  Lake  RoHd 


-If  you  are  Komg  to- 


BUY  A  BUZZ -SAW, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  Ueview.  He  has  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  vou  happy  by  telling  yon  the  price  at 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


THE  HEIGHT  OF  PERFECTION 

28  years  has  vvro  ight  wonders.  We  g'Ot  200  lb  to  the  hive  the 
last  two  seasons.  Our  bi-os  and  queens  are  the  be;  t  that  can  be 
imported  from  across  the  water.  ITALIAN  queens  are  $1.00  in 
June,  75c  after  that:  $9.00  a  dozen.  Tested.  $L2S  each,  or  $12.00 
a  dozen. 

Those  gentle  CAUCASIAN  same  price. 

NUCLKI  and  bees  by  the  pound.  Our  little  booklet  tell« 
how  to  introduce  without  loss.     Free  for  a  postal- 

The  Wood  Bee=Hive  Co.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  3-011  want  and  we 
can  maliethem.  Send  in3-our 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILKD 
HIVES  made  by  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping  on  hand. 


MaFshfield   |Vlfg.   Co. 

]V!arshfield,  Wis. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 

Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  vet-y  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fdl  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brond  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the   Van    Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

a.    VAf*    DEUSEfl, 

Sprout  Urook,  N.  Y 


HONEY, 
HONEY, 
HONEY, 

Have  you  any  to  sell  ?  If 
so,  see  us  before  selling.  We 
pay  highest -INI arket  Price  for 
both  Comb  and  Extracted 
Hone}-.     Also  Beeswax. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

520  Monroe  Street, 
TOLEDO,         •         •         OHIO. 


Lowest  Prices. 

big  uiscount  for  hari^y 
okdi;ks. 

On  cash  orders 
Before  Noveiiiher  i  9  percent. 

,,        Deceinl)er  18,.  ,, 

,        January       17,,  ,, 

,,         February     16,,  ,, 

,,        March  14,,  ,, 

,,        April  12,,  ,, 

Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds. 

Established  nearly  25  yiars 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
soc  a  year).  The  largest  niul  best  il- 
histrated  magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  published.  F^r'ited  by  tu-o  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  (»ur 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  "W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 
Company, 

Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


258 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


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POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

I,arge  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.    I^ow  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Service.    Catalog  sent  free. 

Walter  S.  Pou«Jcr 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOI.IS,     IND. 


DO  YOU  KNOW 

That  the  sale  of  Dittmer's  Founda= 
tion  has  increased  so  much  that  we 
were  forced  to  double  our  melting  ca- 
pacity in  order  to  fill  orders   promptly. 

THERE  IS  A  REASON  FOR  THIS 

It  is  because  Dittmer's   Foundation 
is  tough,  clear  and   transparent,  an 
has  the  natural  oder  of  beeswax. 

OUR  AGENTS 

W.  D.  Soper,  Jackson,  Mich. 

Bee  &  Honey  Co.,  Beeville,  Tex. 

E.    H.    Taylor,   Welwyn    Sta  ,   Herts, 

England- 

E.    Grainger    &    Co.,     Toronto,    Ont. 

Canada. 

Our  warehouse  is  well   stocked    wiih 
all  kinds  of  bee-keepers'  supplies. 

Beeswax  always  wanted. 

Gus  Dittmer, 
Augusta,  Wisconsin. 


Send    for 

1906 
Catalog. 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Midi. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 

Send  for 

Booklet. 


WANTED -r- 

FA NC Y^  G 0 1VI B   H ON E Y 

In  No-drip  Shipping  C«s«s.  ,; 

Also  AM B E R   EXTR ACTE D 


In  Barr«ls  or  Cans. 


Quote "youp  lowest  price  deliveped  hero.    WE  REMIT  PROMPTLYs 


No.  51  WALNUT  ST., 


CINCINNATI,;  OHIO. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


259 


i^^^\ 


RTlake  Your  Ov/n  Hives. 


J@ee  -  Keep8PS 

Will  save  money  by 
using"  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making- 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on  trial. 
Send  for  Catalog^ue. 

W.F.&JNO.  BARNES  CO., 

384  Raby  St., 

Kockford,     Ills. 

I    -06   12 


j  pate: NT, 


BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS, 


24 


YEIARS   the:     BEIST.      CATALOG    FREZEI. 


BINGHAM,        FAR\A/E:LL,       MICH. 


BEE-KEEPERS'  SUPPLIES 

N<  w  Catalogue  Lower  Trices 

Modern  Machinery  Better  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG     MF'G.  Co.,  Minneaix  lis,  Minn. 
i-o\-t\.  147-114  Cf'sr  Lake  Road 


—If  you  are  KOing  to— 

BUY  A  BUZZ-SAVSr, 

«yrite  to  the  editor  of  the  Kevibw.  He  has  a 
'lew  Barnt'b  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
uake  V..U  haii|>y  by  tolhug  you  the  price  at 
wliirli  he  «'<>uld  8ell  it. 


THE  HEIGHT  OF  PERFECTION 

28  yea  s  has  wroJKht  wonders.  We  g-ot  200  lb  to  the  hive  the 
last  two  seasons.  Our  bees  and  queens  are  the  be  t  that  can  be 
imported  from  across  the  water.  ITALIAN  queens  are  $1.00  in 
June.  75c  after  that;  $0.00  a  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25  each,  or  §12.00 
a  dozen. 

Thos.;  ffrntle  CAUCASIAN  same  price. 

NUCLKl  and  bees  by  the  pound.  Our  little  booklet  tell* 
how  to  introduce  without  loss,     Free  for  a  postal- 

The  Wooa  Bee=Hive  Co.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


260 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION"    | 

IT  EXCELS.  K 

EVERY  INCH  kqual  to  samples.  11 


Beauty',    Purity,  Firmness.     No    S;iy,i,'-ini,'-,    no    Loss.     Twenty-seven  ^^ 

years  of  Experience.      We  i^uarantee  satisfaction.     Wax  i|b^ 

Mir 

worked  into  Foundation.  ^J 

BEE  SUPPLIES  I 

of  nil   krnJs                                           *  ^ 

BEESWAX  ^V ANTED  g 

at   all   times.  ^^ 

Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODMAN,  Gr^nd  Rapids.  Oj 


DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  III. 

Send  for  Cataloir. 


D^Sl 


iaiMaiMaiMaiMa»a^s^^« 


ifc€iiP€5^^^^g^^^^^e^©ffl^°eip?«k^^-<^i 


BUCKWHEAT 

Honey  for  Sale. 

I  have  about  6,000  pounds  of  ex- 
tracted buckwheat  honey  for  sale.  It 
is  rich  and  ripe,  the  combs  being-  all 
sealed  over  before  it  was  extr.icted.  It 
is  put  up  in  60  lb.  cans,  two  in  a  case, 
and  I  offer  it  at  six  cents  per  pound. 

W.  Z.    HUTCHINSON,  Flint,  Mich. 


m  15,000  FERRETS.  Send  6  cents 
^^gjW  for  illustrated  ferret  book  published. 
■.■H^Wg  48  page^  of  practical  experience  from 
^^C  \  a  life  study  of  these  useful  liltl-  ani- 
mals, telling  how  to  successfully  breed 
and  work  ferrets.  hr\v  ferrets  clear  buildings  of 
rats,  drive  rabbits  from  burrows.     Price  list  free. 

SAMUEL  FARNSWORTH.  Middelton.  Phio. 


WANTED,  to  buy.  for  cash,  fancy  comb  and  ex- 
tracted honey.  K.  A.  HOI.FCKAMP. 
4203  Virginia  Ave.,  St,  Louis,  Mo, 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  a  larg^e  stock 
and  greatest  variet}'.  \\  e  assure  you 
the  best  goods  at  LOWES  P  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
15  different  roads,  thereby  saving  you 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Allernat- 
ing,  Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  everj'  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTS  now. 
Write  today. 

KRf:TCHMER  MFG.,  CO. 
l-06-12t  Counci    Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German 


%» 


w 


m 


A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 

$L00  A  YEAR. 
W.  Z.  HUTCBDiSON.  Editor  and  Proprlelor. 

VOL.  XIX.     FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  SEPT.  15,  1906.       NO.  9 


C©iniveiml©inices  In  tlhe  Pir©dlmctioini  of 

W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON. 


EVERY  successful  bee-keeper  eventu- 
ally works  out  a  system  especially 
adapted  to  himself  and  his  environ- 
ments. I  have  in  view  the  management 
of  a  series  of  out-apiaries  for  the  pro- 
duction of  extracted  honey,  and  I  wish 
to  develop  a  system  with  the  greatest 
amount  of  elasticity  about  it.  I  don't 
wish  to  be  compelled  to  do  a  certain 
thing  upon  a  certain  day.  I  wish  for 
a  whole  lot  of  leewa3\  With  ordinary 
management,  a  great  honey-flow  brings 
a  hurry  and  a  rush  in  extracting  to 
give  the  bees  room — I  wish  to  avoid 
that.  Mention  has  been  made  several 
times  in  die  Review  of  the  successful 
and  profitable  management  of  an 
apiary  by  Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend  with 
only  four  visits  a  year.  It  is  in  this 
direction  that  my  ideas  are  tending; 
but  I  scarcely  expect  to  reduce  the 
number  of  visits  to  four;  in  fact,  Mr. 
Townsend  himself  does  not  now  prac- 
tice nor  recommend  so  few  visits. 

WHAT    M.\Y  BE  DONE    WITH    PLENTY   OF 
EMPTY   COMBS. 

First    and     foremost    in    my    system 
must   be  plenty  of    supers    and    empt3' 


combs.  I  would  have  enough  of  these 
so  that  the  bee-keeper  could  give  more 
room  at  any  apiary,  at  any  time  during 
the  season,,  even  though  no  honey 
were  extracted  until  the  season  was 
over.  I  don't  mean  by  this  that 
I  would  not  extract  any  honey  un- 
til the  season  was  over,  as,  in  some 
locations,  it  is  quite  likely  that  I  should, 
but  I  would  have  enough  combs  so  that 
the  bee-keeper  could  give  enough  sur- 
plus room  at  any  time  during  the 
season,  regardless  of  what  the  flow 
was,  or  of  whether  any  extracting  was 
done — just  as  though  there  were  a  great 
unlimited  pile  of  supers  of  comb  at 
every  3'ard,  and  the  bee-keeper  could 
go  out  and  get  one  at  anytime  and  put 
it  on  where  and  when  it  was  needed. 

Of  course,  extra  combs  and  supers 
cost  money.  I  made  300  of  them  last 
spring  and  I  know  what  they  cost  me. 
Each  ten-frame  super  filled  with  sheets 
of  wired  foundation  cost  75  cts.  I  think 
four  such  supers  for  each  colony, 
spring  count,  will  be  sutflcient  in  this 
locality — probably  more  than  would 
ever  be  used,  as  they  would  furnish 
storage  room    for  nearly  200   pouuds  of 


264 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


honey.  The  cost  would  be  $3.00;  and 
with  proper  care  such  supers  and 
combs  would  last  a  life  time,  as  they 
are  exposed  to  the  weather  only  a  short 
time  each  year.  I  think  it  would  be 
fair  to  estimate  the  interest  at  six  per 
cent.  Twenty  cents  a  year  is  certainly 
a  fair  estimate  for  the  cost  of  these 
supers.  No  one  car  produce  extracted 
honej'  with  less  tlic^n  two  supers  for 
each  hive;  why  not  have  two  more  when 
the  cost  each  year  will  not  exceed  ten 
cents,  and  thus  be  able  to  have  some 
elasticity  about  the  nianag-ement — be 
able  to  simpl}^  put  on  more  supers  in- 
stead of  being  compelled  to  extract  in 
order  to  give  room  ?  Do  you  begin  to 
grasp  the  centi^al  idea  of  my  system  ? 
One  man  coujd  go  on  a  wheel  to  an 
out-apiary  apd  put  on  100  supers  in 
half  a  day,  giving  surplus  room  for 
5,000  pounds  of  honey,  while,  to  extract 
that  amount  would  require  the  services 
of  a  gang  of  five  or  six  men,  working 
hard  in  the  heat  of  a  whole  day. 

A  "stump  puller"  for  lifting 

HIVES. 

The  mention  of  one  rhan  putting  on 
100  supers  in  half  a  day  brings  me  to 
the  subject  matter  of  my  paper — "Con- 
veniences in  the  Production  of  Ex- 
tracted Honey."  I  should  not  place 
the  super  of  empty  comb  on  top  of  two 
or  three  nearly  completed  supers,  but 
underneath  them.  I  should  practice 
tiering  up  the  same  as  I  do  in  comb 
honey  production.  This,  of  course, 
would  necessitate  the  raising  up  of  the 
already  filled  supers.  I  expect  that 
the  time  was  when  some  of  my  readers 
would  have  smiled  at  what  I  am  about 
to  say  I  would  use  to  lift  those  supers 
of  honei',  in  order  to  put  an  empty 
super  beneath  them,  but  Gleanings  has 
been  publishing  some  articles  from 
Mr.  F^erris  of  Wisconsin,  and  in  those 
articles  he  has  described  a  derrick 
that  he  uses  to  lift  heavy  supers  of 
honey,  so  I  suppose  I  can  now  say  that 


I  have  long  had  in  mind  something  of 
this  sort  for  raising  supers  of  honey  in 
order  thatemptj'  supers  might  be  put 
beneath  them.  My  idea  was  to  make 
a  sort  of  tripod,  like  a  camera  tripod 
on  a  larger  scale,  or  like  a  stump  ma- 
chine on  a  smaller  scale,  using  ropes 
and  pulleys  to  do  the  lifting,  and  hitch- 
ing to  the  hive  by  means  of  four  hooks, 
a  hook  going  into  each  handle-hole  on 
the  four  sides  of  the  hive.  This  may 
seem  like  a  laughing  matter,  but,  to 
the  man  who  lifts  ten-frame  supers  all 
day,  well,  he  will  langh  for  joy.  I 
have  not  yet  made  such  an  arr.mge- 
ment,  but  I  exnect  that  I  shall,  and 
then  I'll  tell  you  exactly  how  it  works 
and  what  I  think  of  it. 

LEVERS  FOR  LIFTING  HIVES  WHEN   PUT- 
TING ON  BEE-ESCAPES. 

Although  I  have  not  yet  rigged  up 
the  stump  puller  for  lifting  hives,  I 
have  made  an  arrangement  for  raising 
up  hives  when  putting  bee-escapes  in 
place.  The  frontispiece  makes  this  so 
plain  as  to  nearly  do  away  with  the 
need  of  any  explanation.  It  is  simply 
an  iron  lever  with  the  short  end 
widened  out,  or  split  into  two  sharp 
prongs  that  can  be  thrust  into  the  hand- 
hole  in  the  upper  hive,  while  the  lower 
end  of  the  support  of  this  lever  is 
treated  in  a  similar  manner,  and  can 
be  placed  in  the  hand-hole  of  the  lower 
hive.  When  the  end  of  the  lever  is  de- 
pressed, the  upper  hive  is  raised.  The 
depression  is  continued  until  the  two 
levers  are  parallel,  when  a  wooden  pin 
is  thrust  through  two  holes  that  come 
opposite  each  other,  thus  the  levers  are 
held  in  position,  the  upper  hive  being 
elevated  about  an  inch  and  a  half  above 
the  lower  hive.  That  is,  the  hive  is  rais- 
ed that  much  upon  t)//^  side,  when  I  go 
around  to  the  other  side  and  use  another 
set  (if  lifters  on  that  side,  when  the  uppfr 
hive  is  held  an  inch  and  a  half  from  the 
lower  one,  and  it  is  an  easy  matter  to 
slip  in  the  escape-board,  and  then  to  low- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


26S 


er  the  hive.  In  order  that  the  pin  may 
not  be  lost  it  is  tied  to  the  end  of  a 
string-  fastened  to  one  of  the  levers.  It 
will  also  be  possible  to  use  this  device 
when  putting  queen-excluders  in  place. 
There  is  no  lifting  of  the  hives,  and  it 
is  actually  fun  to  put  on  bee  escapes 
b3'  the  use  of  these  levers.  If  the 
weather  is  warm,  and  the  propolis 
soft,  the  levers  alone  can  be  depended 
upon  to  loosen  the  hive,  but,  if  the 
weather  is  cool,  the  hive  better  be 
loosened  first  with  a  screw  driver. 
First  raise  the  hive  just  a  little  crack, 
not  quite  enough  to  let  out  the  bees, 
then  drive  smoke  into  this  crack, 
and  the}-  will  be  out  of  the  way  when 
the  hive  is  raised. 

THE  ADVANTAGE  OF  USING  BEE 
ESCAPES. 

In  some  of  his  articles  Mr.  R.  F. 
Holterraann  said  that  for  years  he  had 
alwaj's  dreaded  to  have  extracting- 
time  come,  and,  as  it  is  usually  man- 
aged I  don't  wonder  at  it.  The  hard- 
est, most  disagreeable  part  of  the  work 
is  getting-  the  bees  off  the  combs.  At 
best,  it  is  unpleasant  for  both  the  bees 
and  the  operator.  The  weather  is 
almost  alwa3's  hot,  and  the  smoking 
and  brushing,  especially  the  latter, 
make  the  bees  cross,  and  bet>veen  the 
heat  and  the  stings  and  the  mussy 
character  of  the  work,  the  poor  bee- 
keeper has  anything  but  a  good  time. 
It  is  not  so  bad  when  honej'  is  coming 
in,  but  there  is  always  some  of  this 
work  to  be  done  at  the  close  of  the 
season,  when  there  is  robbing  to 
contend  with.  The  use  of  the  bee- 
escapes  cuts  out  all  of  these  unpleasant 
features.  Instead  of  several  men  work- 
ing all  day  in  a  sort  of  mild  torment 
(and  sometimes  it  isn't  so  very  mild) 
to  get  the  bees  off  5,000  pounds  of 
honey,  one  man  can  put  on  the  bee- 
escapes  in  half  a  day,  and  really  enjoy 
the  work,  if  he  has  some  such  arrange- 
ment as  I  have  described.  In  two  or 
three  days,  at  the  ou:side,  practically 
every  bee  will  be  out  of  the  supers,  and 


all  that  is  necessary  is  simply  to  lift 
them  off  and  wheel  them  into  the  honey 
house.  It  will  not  be  necessary  to  even 
use  any  smoke  in  doing  this,  although 
it  will  be  needed  in  removing  the 
escape-boards.  Don't  you  see  how 
those  two  things,  plenty  of  combs  and 
the  use  of  bee  escapes,  can  change  the 
whole  aspect  of  extracted  honey  pro- 
duction ?  They  <,;o;  away  entirely  with 
the  rush  and  hurly  burly  of  hur- 
ried extracting  in  bat  weather. 

HEATING  UP  HONKV   TO  EXTRACT  IT. 

Right  here  I  expect  that  some  one 
will  say  "How  about  extracting  the 
honey  ?  Won't  it  be  too  cool  after' the 
bees  have  been  off  it  so  long  ?  Yes,  it 
will;  and  will  have  to  be  warmed  up 
before  it  can  be  extracted.  Have  a  par- 
tition across  the  honej'  house;  store  the 
honey  one  side  of  the  partition,  and 
have  the  extractor  the  other  side. 
Have  a  small  hard-coal  stove  in  the 
side  where  the  honey  is  -stored.  Start 
a  slow  fire  in  there  a  few  hours  before 
the  extracting  is  to  begin.  Don't  ex- 
pect that  the  hone}'  will  warm  up  in  an 
hour  or  two  It  will  require  several 
hours.  Better  start  the  fire  the  evening 
before,  then  it  will  be  all  ready  to  ex- 
tract the  next  morning.  If  the  honey 
house  is  at  an  out-apiary,  let  the  man 
who  is  to  extract  (or  the  men,  as  the 
case  may  be)  go  to  the  apiary  the  even- 
ing before  and  build  the  fire,  and  sleep 
at  the  apiary  all  night.  Every  honey- 
house  at  an  out-apiarj^  should  have  a 
cupboard,  with  some  dishes,  some  oil 
stoves,  and  a  bunk.  Of  course,  it  is 
not  necessary  to  have  the  honey-house 
partitioned  off,  but  it  makes  pretty 
warm  work  to  extract  in  the  same 
temperature  as  that  needed  to  warm  up 
the  honey— about  95  degrees.  A  small, 
second-hand,  base-burning  coal  stove 
can  usually  be  bought  for  a  few  dol- 
lars, and  25  cts  worth  of  coal  will 
warm  up  5,000  pounds  of  honey.  A 
hive  or  two  at  a  time  can  be  brought 
out  from  the  warm  room,  and  will  not 
cool   before   it  is  extracted,  while   the 


266 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


extracting  room  may  be  kept  as  cool 
as  a  parlor.  With  this  method  of  man- 
agement there  is  no  dripping  of  honey 
over  the  floors,  as  the  bees  clean  up 
any  broken  brace  combs  before  the 
honey  comes  off  the  hives,  and  there 
are  no  bees  brought  in  with  the  honey, 
as  when  they  are  hastily  brushed  off, 
to  be  crushed  on  the  floor,  or  to  buzz 
about  on  the  windows.  Everything  can 
be  kept  as  clean  and  neat,  and  com- 
fortable— well,  I  extracted  my  honey 
here  at  Flint  right  in  my  office,  taking 
the  hone}'  off  wifh  bee  escapes,  and 
carting  it  four  blocks  to  the  office. 

HOW    TO     MAKE     A     HONEY    KNIFE    CUT 
LIKE    A   RAZOR. 

After  the  honey  is  off  the  hives,  the 
biggest  job  is  that  of  uncapping  the 
combs.  If  they  are  thick,  "bulging," 
they  can  be  uncapped  much  more 
easily.  If  only  eight  combs  are  used 
in  a  ten-frame  super  they  will  be  of 
this  class,  when,  by   cutting  deeply,  so 


Lamp-Stove  That  Keeps  the  Uncapping 

Knife  Hot. 
as  to  leave  the  combs  only  about  an 
inch  thick,  each  side  can  be  uncapped 
with  "one  fell  swoop."  It  was  hard 
for  me  to  get  over  the  feeling  that  I 
ought  to  uncap  as  thinly  as  possible — 
that  thick  cappings  were  like  thick 
parings    taken    from    a    potato — but  it 


really  makes  little  difference  whether 
the  honey  goes  through  the  extractor 
or  drains  from  the  cappings.  To  do 
the  best  and  quickest  work  when  un- 
capping, have  the  knife,  sharp,  hot 
and  wet.  Only  the  man  who  has  tried 
it  can  realize  the  difference  between 
such  a  knife  and  one  that  is  cold,  dull 
and  dry.  I  have  a  little  two-burner, 
oil  stove  sitting  on  a  barrel  at  my 
elbow,  and  on  top  of  the  stove  a  baking 
tin  full  of  water.  The  wicks  can  be 
adjusted  to  keep  the  water  at  just  the 
right  temperature — a  little  below  the 
boiling  point.  When  through  uncap- 
ping a  comb,  instead  of  laying  the 
knife  down  on  something  else,  I  simply 
lay  it  in  the  tin  of  water — it  is  just  as 
easy.  When  I  begin  extracting  on  an- 
other comb  the  knife  is  hot  and  wet, 
and  the  way  it  slips  through  the  comb 
is  a  caution.  Very  new  combs,  or 
very  old  ones,  do  not  uncap  as  easily 
as  those  that  are  between  the  extremes. 
An  old  comb  that  has  been  recently 
drawn  out  thick,  that  is,  the  bees  have 
lengthened  the  cells,  partly  with  new 
wax  and  partly  with  that  taken  from 
the  old  comb,  is  about  the  nicest  comb 
to  uncap.  The  lower  part  of  the  cells 
have  a  stiffness,  or  stability,  while  the 
upper  part  has  sufficient  softness  to 
make  it  cut  easily.  A  man  can  afford 
to  go  to  quite  a  lot  of  expense  and  pains 
to  get  just  the  right  kind  of  combs  for 
use  in  his  supers — old  combs  spread 
wide  apart — as  the  saving  of  time  in 
uncapping  is  very  important. 

A  cracker  barrel  is  away  ahead  of 
anything  else  for  holding  the  cappings. 
In  the  first  ]ilace,  it  costs  only  ten 
cents.  Next,  it  is  just  about  the  right 
height.  Again,  the  cappings  can  be 
allowed  to  stand  in  it  and  drain  for 
weeks  and  weeks — no  hurry  about  the 
barrel,  simply  pay  ten  cents  for  an- 
other one.  I  bore  three  or  four  holes 
in  the  bottom  for  the  honey  to  run  out. 
This  may  not  be  necessary,  as  auch 
barrels  are  not  water-tight,  but  it  is  a 
safe    tiling  to  be  sure    there  is  a    place 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


267 


for  the  honey  to  g-et  out.  Then  I  nail  a 
wooden  cross-piece  across  the  top,  but, 
before  nailinfj^  the  cross-piece  in  place 
I  drive  a  nail  throug^h  it — about  a  ten- 
penny  nail — and  when  I  put  the  cross- 
piece  in  place  I  have  the  point  of  this 
nail  turned  uppermost.  The  point  of 
this  nail  is  to  rest  the  frame  on  when 
uncapping  the  comb.  The  point  of  this 
nail  comes  as  near  being  a  universal 
joint  as  anything  with  which  I  am  ac- 
quainted— the  frame  can  be  turned 
"every- which -way"  and  it  will  not  slip 
about.     Rest   one  end  of    the  frame   on 


Cracker  Barrel  Uncapping  Tank. 

this  nail-point,  stand  the  comb  in  a 
neartyupright  position,  hold  the  comb 
with  the  left  hand,  grasping  it  near 
the  upper  end,  then  begin  at  the  lower 
end  to   uncap,  giving^^the  knife  a   sort 


of  slanting  motion,  such  as  a  barber 
gives  his  razor,  drawing  it  back  and 
forth  as  it  cuts  its  wd.y  upward,  at  the 
same  time  slanting  the  comb  slightly 
forward  (toward  the  knife)  so  that  the 
cappings,  as  they  break  off,  will  drop 
into  the  barrel  instead  of  upon  the  sur- 
face of  the  comb.  The  barrel  is  placed 
over  a  galvanized  iron  tub  and  sup- 
ported by  double  hooks  made  of  heavy 
wire.  One  end  of  a  hook  is  hung  upon 
the  edge  of  the  tub.  There  are  four 
hooks,  and  when  all  are  in  place, 
about  equally  distant,  upon  the  upper 
edge  of  thetub,  the  barrel  islowered  into 
the  tub,  the  hooks  upon  the  other  ends 
of  the  wires  catching  it  in  the  "chime," 
and  supporting  the  bottom  some  four 
inches  below  the  top  of  the  tub.  One 
of  these  hooks  was  taken  out  and  hung 
upon  the  handle  of  the  tub,  in  the  cut 
that  is  given,  in  order  to  show  more 
more  perfectly  the  construction  of  the 
hook. 

MAKING    VINEGAR     FROM     THE     HONEY 
LEFT    IN    THE    CAPPINGS. 

When  the  season  is  over,  late  in  the 
fall,  or  earl}'  in  the  winter,  the  cap- 
pings will  be  rendered  into  wax.  The 
hoops  will  be  cut,  and  the  staves  pried 
off,  and  there  will  stand  the  cappings 
in  one  great  cake,  all  read}'  to  be 
chopped  up  and  rendered  into  wax. 
They  will  be  melted  up  in  a  clean,  new 
boiler,  and  the  water  will  be  used  for 
making  vinegar.  This  will  utilize 
every  last  ounce  of  the  honey.  This 
vinegar  proposition  may  seem  like  a 
small  one,  but  do  you  suppose  that  an}' 
of  the  great  manufacturing  or  packing 
concerns  would  ignore  it  ? 

SUPERIORITY  OF  THE  ROOT,    FOUR- 
FRAME  EXTRACTOR. 

I  haventhis  'year  used  the  Root,  four- 
frame  automatic  extractor,  and  it  is 
certainly  'worthy  of  all  praise.  The 
brake,  and  the  automatic  reversing  of 
the  combs,  and  the  ball-bearings,  are 
time-savers  [and  great  comforts.  The 
machine  is  inclined  to  run  more  stead- 


268 


THE  BEE-KEEPEKS'  REVIEW 


ily  than  the  two-comb.  There  is  less 
of  that  wobbly  motion  if  some  of  the 
combs  vary  in  weight.  Of  course  I 
have  never  tried  the  six-comb  nor  eight- 
comb  extractors,  but,  for  the  ordinary 
apiary,  it  seems  to  me  as  though  those 
machines  would  not  present  sufficient 
advantages  over  the  four-frame  to 
warrant  their  adoption.  In  extracting 
new  combs  it  is  better  to  reverse  them 
twice,  turning  very  slowly  the  first 
"whirl." 

AN  AUTOMATIC  STRAINER. 

Here  in  the  Review-office  was  a  hole 
in  the  floor  that  had  been  made  for  a 
belt  to    pass  \\\)  from    the  cellar    when 


Cheese  Cloth  Strainer  on  Top  of  a  Tub. 

the  printing  press  was  run  here.  This 
opening  had  been  stopped  np,  but  I 
opened  it  up  again,  and  set  the  honey 
extractor  right  on  the  floor,  with  the 
honey  gate  over  the  opening,  thus 
allowing  me  to  run  the  honey  into  the 
cellar.  Under  this  opening  I  set  an- 
other galvanized  iron  tub,  and  covered 
it  with  cheese  cloth  for  a  strainer,  the 
cloth  being  sewed  to  a  wire  hoop  a 
little  larger  than  the  tub.  The  honey 
from  the  extractor  fell  upon  this 
strainer,  and  went  through  into  the 
tub,  from  whence  it  ran  through  a 
honey  gate  into  a  60-lb.  square  tin  can; 
the  can,  in  each  case,  sitting  upon 
platform  scales,  and  an  electric  bell 
giving  the  alarm  when  the  can  was 
full. 


AN     ELECTRIC       ALARM      FOR      SHOWING 
WHEN    THE    CAN    IS    FULL. 

In  a  late  Review  I  gave  quite  full 
directions  for  the  arrangement  of  an 
electric  alarm  for  giving  notice  when 
a  can  is  full  of  honey,  but,  as  this 
article  is  a  sort  of  resume  of  several 
things  before  mentioned,  I  will  touch 
upon  this  matter  a  little  more.  I  car- 
ried the  scales,  batterj'  and  bell  out  of 
doors  and  fixed    them  up  b}'  the  side  of 


Electric  Bell  That  Rings  When  the  Can  is 
Full. 

the  house  in  order  that  I  might  take  a 
photograph  of  them,  and  show  all  of 
the  details.  The  scales  used  are  a 
pair  having  a  double    beam,  one  beam 


THE  BEE-I*EEPERS'  REVIEW 


269 


for  the  hopper  and  one  for  the  plat- 
form; but  that  has  no  particular  bear- 
injj;^  upon  the  point  we  have  under  con- 
sideration. The  battery  used  is  one 
of  the  ordinary,  dry-cell  batteries  such 
as  are  used  for  telephones,  door  bells, 
or  for  furnishing-  a  spark  for  gasoline 
engines.  Be  sure  and  get  a  good  t)at- 
terj'.  If  you  can  get  only  the  cheapest 
kind,  better  get  two  cells  and  connect 
them,  as  the  connections  upon  the  scale 
beam  are  not  as  close  as  are  usually 
made  when  a  door  bell  is  set  up,  and 
it  requires  a  good  strong  current  to 
overcome  these  imperfect  connections, 
and  ring  the  bell.  It  won't  answer  to 
depend  upon  a  bell  that  does  not 
always  ring — better  have  none  at  all. 
In  the  cut,  the  battery  sits  upon  the 
window  sill,  and,  above  it,  fastened  to 
the  window  casing,  is  the  bell.  The 
wires  will  show  how  the  connections 
are  made.  I  have  put  two  pieces  of 
white  paper  on  the  scales  to  show  more 
distinctly  the  course  of  the  wires  where 
they  are  fastened  to,  or  approach,  the 
beam.  One  wire  is  coiled  around  the 
back  end  of  the  beam,  and  the  other 
passes  over  a  wooden  post,  and  the  end 
projects  out  just  over  the  outer  end  of 
the  beam,  and.  when  the  beam  rises 
up,  because  the  can  is  full,  it  touches 
the  wire  and  completes  the  circuit,  thus 
ringing  the  bell. 

If  the  wire  used  in  making  connec- 
tions is  not  pretty  heavy  and  stiff, 
better  nail  a  block  to  the  top  of  the 
piece  of  board  that  supports  the  wire 
where  it  projects  over  the  scale-beam, 
letting  the  block  project  over   the  wire 


where  it  passes  above  the  scale-beam, 
then  when  the  beam  rises  it  will  press 
the  wire  between  itself  and  the  block, 
and  thus  get  a  more  perfect  connection 
than  would  be  the  case  if  the  beam 
simply  raised  against  a  slim,  pliable 
wire  that  presented  very  little  resist- 
ance— a  block  of  wood  above  the  wire 
keeps  it  firmly  in  place  and  allows  of 
pressure. 

You  will  see  that  the  uncapping,  the 
extracting,  the  straining  and  the  can- 
ning, all  go  along  simultaneously, 
almost  automaticall3%  and  with  only 
one  person  in  charge,  unless  it  is  de- 
sirable to  have  more. 

From  70  colonies  of  bees,  here  at 
Flint,  I  have  secured  about  4,500 
pounds  of  the  finest  clover  honey  I  ever 
tasted,  besides  increasing  the  number 
of  colonies  to  102,  and  this  with  a  poor 
season;  but  what  strikes  me  most  for- 
cibly is  the  small  amount  of  work  with 
which  I  have  accomplished  this.  Not 
only  this,  but  it  has  all  been  pleasant, 
agreeable,  I  might  say,  easy  work — 
nothing  of  the  strenuous  character. 
This  is  the  kind  of  bee-keeping  I  am 
trying  to  develop — an  extensive  busi- 
ness; a  lot  of  bees,  scattered  in  out- 
apiaries,  but  so  managed  that  there 
will  never  be  any  rush  nor  hurry. 
There  may  be  a  little  more  money  in- 
vested, yes,  and,  perhaps  a  liit/e  more 
work  done,  but  it  will  all  be  of  the 
leisurely  sort  which  will  allow  one  to 
take  time  to  enjoy  oneself  as  the  work 
goes  along. 

Flint,  Mich.,  Aug.  27,  1906. 


losmie  Mtsclh  IDelbatedl  Pluysiologncal 


ADRIAN    GETAZ. 


e^ri 


'HKRE  are  some  questions   th£it  are 
the  habit  of    bobbing  up    peri- 
odically   in    the   bee    papers,  not    only 


here,  but  in  Europe  as  well;  and  some 
of  these  questions  have  already  been 
thoroughly    investigated,     and,    if    not 


270 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE^W 


solved ;  have  at  least  been  studied  as 
far  as  it  is  possible,  with  our  present 
means  of  investigation. 

VIRILITY  OF  VIRGIN  DRONES. 

The  first  that  comes  to  my  mind  is 
whether  the  drones  from  virgin  queens, 
or  laying  workers,  are  able  to  fertilize 
queens  or  not.  Leuckart  affirms  that 
some  of  his  queens  w£rt  thus  mated, 
since  at  that  time  no  other  drones  were 
about.  A  few  instances  have  been 
quoted  in  the  bee  papers  of  queens  fer- 
tilized by  drones  from  laying  workers' 
colonies  early  in  the  spring  of  the 
year,  before  any  normal  colony  had 
drones. 

However,  as  the  queens  mate  outside, 
and,  as  the  "personal  identity"  of  the 
drone  could  not  be  established  even  if 
he  were  seen,  it  is  possible  that  the 
aforesaid  queens  may  have  mated  with 
drones  from  some  where  else,  without 
the  knowledge  of  the  apiculturist.  So, 
until  we  have  some  means  to  have  the 
queens  mated  in  confinement,  or  in  a 
big  tent,  direct  evidence  will  be  want- 
ing. 

But  there  is  some  circumstantial  evi- 
dence. In  the  first  place,  careful  mi- 
croscopical examinations  repeatedly 
made  by  different  observers,  have 
shown  that  the  drones  from  virgin 
queens  and  laying  workers  are  identi- 
cal in  every  respect  to  those  from  a  fer- 
tilized queen,  and  possess  a  full  com- 
plement of  fecundating  germs,  just  as 
well  as  those  raised  in  a  colony'  having 
a  mated  queen. 

In  the  second  place,  the  manner  in 
which  the  queen  is  fertilized,  and  the 
eggs  receive  that  fertilization,  f^how 
that  the  drone  eggs  have  nothing  what- 
ever to  do  with  the  fertilization  of  their 
mother. 

When  a  queen  is  fecundated,  the  fertil- 
izing germs  of  the  drones  (spermatozoa) 
are  thrown  into  an  organ  similar  to  a 
pouch  or  a  sack  situated  in  the  body  of 
the  queen  near  its  end.  That  sack  has 
no  communication  with  any  other 
organ  of   the    queen    that   we   can  see. 


except  the  opening  b}'  which  the 
spermatozoa  went  in,  and  by  which 
they  come  out,  one  by  one  to  fertilize 
the  eggs. 

The  eggs  are  found  higher  in  the 
body,  in  two  organs  called  the  ovaries. 
They  come  down  through  a  tube,  pass 
before  the  sack  containing  the  sper- 
matozoa, and  from  there  to  the  outside 
of  the  queen's  body.  If,  when  they 
pass  before  the  sack  they  receive  a 
spermatozoon,  they  become  female  eggs 
and  produce  either  queens  or  workers. 
If  they  don't  receive  any  they  produce 
drones. 

Such  being  the  case,  and  the  ovaries 
having  no  connection  whatsoever  with 
the  sack  containing  the  spermatozoa,  it 
is  clear  that  the  eggs  produced  in  the 
ovaries  are  perfect  drone  eggs,  and 
that  the  introduction  of  the  spermato- 
zoa in  them,  transforms  them  into 
female  eggs.  It  is  clear,  also,  that 
since  they  are  produced  as  well  when 
spermatozoa  are  present  as  when  not, 
they  ought  to  be  as  perfect  in  one  case 
as  in  the  other,  since  the  spermatozoa 
shut  up  in  the  sack  (that  sack  is  called 
the  spermatheca)  have  no  connection 
with  the  ovaries. 

DRONE  PROGENY. 

What  I  mean  by  that  is  the  question 
often  raised  whether  the  drones  pro- 
duced by  a  queen  are  influenced  by  the 
drone  that  fecundated  that  queen,  or 
in  other  words,  do  they  possess  any  of 
the  characteristics  of  that  drone. 

Considering  the  manner  in  which  the 
eggs  are  produced,  I  should  say  no. 
What  influence  could  the  spermatozoa 
shut  up  in  a  sack  have  on  the  ovaries 
situated  away  from  the  sack  ? 

Right  here  some  smart  Alec  will  un- 
doubtedly say  that  they  might,  though 
we  don't  see  how.  That  may  be  true, 
but  before  we  admit  it,  we  must  have 
some  proof  of  it.  We  could  as  well 
say  that  the  phases  of  the  moon  might 
have  an  influence  on  them,  though  we 
don't  see  how. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


271 


Some  writers  have  said  that  some- 
times mismated  Italian  queens  produce 
drones  rather  too  dark  to  be  considered 
pure.  Considering  that  the  color  of 
drones  and  queens,  and  even  workers, 
is  not  always  constant,  even  in  the 
purest  strains,  and  also  that  the  differ- 
ent races  have  been  so  interming-led, 
that  we  cannot  be  certain  of  the  abso- 
lute purit3'  of  any  strain  of  bees,  we 
can  see  that  that  fact  has  very  little 
weight  if  any  at  all. 

WORKKR    PROGENY. 

That  title,  like  tiie  preceding-  one,  is 
not  exactly  correct,  but  will  answer 
the  purpose  just  as  well.  What  I  mean 
is  which  has  the  most  influence  on  the 
characteristics  of  the  worker  bees,  the 
queen  or  the  drone  ? 

I  think  it  is  the  drone.  In  the  higher 
animals,  the  concourse  of  both  sexes  is 
needed,  whether  the  offspring  is  male 
or  female,  and  generally  the  offspring 
gets  characteristics  from  both.  With 
bees  the  case  is  different.  The  intro- 
duction of  the  male  germ  has  the  effect 
of  completely  transforming  a  male  egg 
into  a  female  egg;  and  this  principle 
holds,  even  in  the  case  of  hermaphro- 
dites, that  is,  bees  partly  male  and 
partly  female. 

We  might  expect  bees  possessing 
heads  or  legs  intermediate  between 
those  of  the  drone  or  those  of  the 
worker,  but  it  is  not  so.  We  may  find 
a  worker  head  on  a  drone  body  or 
some  of  the  legs  perfect  worker  legs; 
with  the  others  perfect  drone  legs  or 
any  other  combination.  But  wherever 
the  female  element  reaches,  the  trans- 
formation is  complete.  Such  being  the 
case,  the  influence  of  the  spermatozoa 
being  so  strong,  we  maj'  expect  that 
not  only  the  sex,  but  the  character- 
istics of  the  workers  come  chiefly,  at 
least,  from  the  drones. 

As  to  the  facts  in  the  case,  we  all 
know  that  the  h3'brids  from  a  mismated 
Italian  queen  are  more  like  the  black 
bees  than  like  the  Italian,  in  many  re- 


spects—their  temper,  disposition  to 
run  from  the  comb.s,  tendency  to  cap 
the  honey  white,  etc. 

Doolittle  tells  us  tliat  when  he  first 
began  to  keep  Italian  bees,  there  were 
only  black  bees  in  the  neighborhood. 
That  gave  him  a  chance  to  observe  the 
first  cross.  "He  says  that  while  the 
hybrids  from  an  Italian  queen  mated 
to  a  black  drone  were  more  like  the 
black  bees  than  the  Italians,  the  re- 
verse took  place  when  a  black  queen 
was  mated  to  an  Italian  drone. 

QUEEN  MATING. 

Do  queens  mate  more  than  once  ? 
This  has  been  debated  recently  as  an 
entirely  new  question.  But  it  is  not. 
Turning  to  Langstroth  revised,  page 
53,  we  find  this  : 

"It  is  now  well  demonstrated  that 
the  queen  is  fertilized  for  life  by  a 
single  mating,  though  in  rare  instances 
they  are  said  to  have  mated  two  days 
in  succession,  probably  because  the 
first  mating  wss  insufficient." 

A  French  apiarist  reported  recently 
that  a  queen  had  mated,  laid  a  few 
eggs  irregularly,  then  mated  again  a 
few  days  later  and  then  layed  abun- 
dantly. 

The  next  question  now  is:  Could  the 
queen  mate  again  later  on  during  her 
life?  That  she  may  mate  two  or  more 
times  in  succession  during  the  first  few 
weeks  of  her  life  seems  to  be  well 
established.  But  as  to  mating  later, 
that  is  something  else.  We  cannot 
have  direct  evidence,  for  if  no  queen 
carefully  watched  did'  mate  again,  we 
never  could  say  with  absolute  certainty 
that  it  should  be  the  s'^me  with  all 
others.  But  we  have  prett}'  strong  cir- 
cumstantial evidence  that  they  do  not. 
In  the  first  place,  no  queen  that  has 
failed  to  mate  during  the  first  few 
weeks  of  her  life  has  aver  been  known 
to  be  anything  else  than  a  drone  layer 
during  the  rest  of  her  life.  Queens 
raised  too  late  in  the  fall  to  mate  never 
mate  the  following  spring. 


272 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


In  examining  with  a  microscope  a 
young  queen  recently  mated,  the  sper- 
matheca  will  be  found  completely  full 
of  spermatozoa.  If  an  older  one  is  ex- 
amined, the  spermatheca  will  not  be 
so  full.  The  older  the  queen  the  less 
is  the  amount  or  spermatozoa  found, 
and  in  queens  three  or  four  years  old 
the  spermatheca  eventually  becomes 
empty  and  finally  they4ay  only  drone 
eggs.  If  there  was  any  possibility  of 
a  second  mating,  some  of  the  old 
queens  would  have  been  found  with  a 
"re-filled"  spermatheca.  But  it  has 
never  happened. 

There  is  another  consideration  :  In 
dissecting  queens  of  different  ages,  it 
is  found  that  the  entrance  of  the  sexual 
organs  shrinks  to  some  extent  after 
they  are  a  few  weeks  old.  That  the 
shrinkage  takes  place  cannat  be 
doubted,  whether  it  is  sufficient  to  pre- 
vent further  mating  cannot  be  told 
positively.  At  any  rate,  Cheshire  does 
not  make  any  positive  assertion.  We 
may  add  also  that  clipped  queens, 
which  certainly  cannot  mate  a  second 
time,  retain  their  prolificness  as  long  as 
any  others. 

EGG-LAYING. 

What  causes  or  prompts  the  queen 
to  lay  worker  eggs  in  small  cells  and 
drones  eggs  in  the  large  ones  ?  That 
is  another  of  those  debatable  questions 
which  take  periodical  rounds  in  the 
bee  papers. 

Is  it  instinct  or  is  there  any  physical 
cause  for  it  ?  So  far  as  physical 
causes  are  concerned,  there  is  only  one 
possible,  and  only  that  one  has  been 
advanced.  Th^^t  is  the  pressure  of  the 
small  cellron  the'abdomen  of  the  queen 
forces  her,  or,  at  least,  induces  her, 
to  1  .y  a  worker  egg. 

Among  the  writers  whose  opinions 
have  some  weight,,  only  Wagner, 
Quinby  and  L.  C.  Root  have  held  that 
theory.  They  thought  that  the  eggs 
found  in  the  queen  cells  might  be  put 
there  by  ^he  worker  bees  themselves. 
Found    tion  at  that    time  was    very  lit- 


tle used.  Now  we  know  positively  that 
the  queens  deposit  the  eggs  in  the 
queen  cells  themselves.  We  also  know 
that  they  lay  worker  eggs  in  founda- 
tion barely  drawn,  where  the  cells  are 
not  much  more  than  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  deep.  In  either  case,  no  com- 
pression is  possible.  So  the  compres- 
sion theory  has  been  abandoned,  and 
we  now  say  that  her  instinct  prompts 
the  queen  to  put  unimpregnated  eggs 
in  the  drone  cells.  This  is  the  only 
explanation  possible  as  far  as  we 
know.  Furthermore,  it  is  in  perfect 
conformity  with  the  laws  of  nature.  A 
larva  in  a  worker  cell  is  fed  with  a 
particular  food.  Place  that  larva  in  a 
queen  cell  and  the  bees  will  change  the 
food.  Reverse  the  p.ocess;  put  a  queen 
larva  in  a  worker  cell  and  the  bees 
will  feed  her  with  worker  food.  Now, 
if  the  size  of  the  cell  induces  the  bees 
to  change  the  food;  why  could  not  the 
size  of  the  cell  induce  the  queen  to  lay 
a  certain  kind  of  egg  in  the  cells  des- 
tined to  that  purpose  ? 

Instinct  is  something  in  the  brain  or 
mind  of  the  animal  that  induces  him  to 
act  in  a  certain  way  under  certain  cir- 
cumstances.    Here  are  a  few  examples  : 

There  is  a  young  chick,  perhaps  onl}' 
one  day  old;  a  hawk  appears  in  the 
sky;  the  chick  has  not  seen  it,  and,  if 
he  had,  he  would  not  have  known  what 
it  was;  the  hen  gives  a  peculiar  cluck, 
and  the  chick  immediately  lies  down 
flat,  and  perfectly  still,  in  the  grass  or 
the  dead  leaves  until  another  signal 
from  the  hen  calls  him  back.  His  in- 
stinct prompts  him  to  act  so  under 
these  circumstances,  though  he  cer- 
tainly cannot  know  why  and  what  for. 

Another  example  is  furnished  by  a 
kind  of  mason  bee  which  builds  a  nest 
of  clay,  puts  a  certain  quantity  of  food 
in  it,  lays  an  egg  on  it,  and  builds  a 
cover  on  the  whole.  If,  when  the  nest 
is  built,  a  hole  is  made  in  the  bottom, 
the  bee  will  put  in  the  usual  amount  of 
food,  lay  the  egg,  and  then  cover  the 
empty  nest    as  carefully    as  if  nothing 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS    REVIEW 


273 


had  happened  and  the  food  and  eg^ 
were  in,  instead  of  having  fallen  out 
throiig-h  the  hole. 

That's  instinct,  absolutely  nothing- 
else.  And  it  is  larjj^ely  the  same  way 
throughout  the  whole  animal  kingdom. 
Even  in  the  human  race,  instinct  plays 
a  larger  part  than  might  be  at  first 
supposed.  Parental  and  sexual  in- 
fluences are  mostly  due  to  our  physical 
peculiarities.  But  we  say  it  is  nature, 
not  instinct,  though,  after  all,  instinct 
is  nature. 

Against  the  supposition  that  the 
compression  of  the  cell  determines  the 
sex  of  the  egg,  it  might  also  be  stated 
that,  if  true,  with  our  bees,  it  would 
be  also  true,  with  other  kinds  of  bees, 
and  allied  insects,  such  as  wasps, 
etc.;  but  we  find  at  once  that  it  cannot 
be.  The  drones  of  Apis  Dorsata  are 
raised  in  the  same  cells  as  the  workers. 
In  Apis  Indica  the  drones  are  smaller 
than  the  workers.  Among  wild  bees, 
there  are  no  cells  at  all  in  many  cases. 

INFLUENCE  OF  FOOD. 

Some  writers  have  asserted  that  the 
workers  transmit  their  qualities  to  the 
young  bees  through  the  food  they  give 
them.  It  ma\'  not  be  very  polite  for  me 
to  say  so,  but  it  is  certain  that  only 
men  completely  ignorant  of  the  physi- 
ology of  nutrition  or  very  peculiar  in 
their  opinions  could  ever  maintain  such 
a  proposition. 

What  would  become  of  a  child,  or 
even  a  grown  man,  if  he  would  inherit 
the  qualities  of  the  cow  or  goat  which 
furnishes  him  the  milk  he  drinks  ?  Or 
if  the  eggs  and  meat  he  ma}'  eat  raw 
have  the  same  influence  on  him,  not 
speaking  of  the  oysters  ?  And  how 
could  it  be,  anyway,  since  the  food, 
before  being  assimilated,  is  completely 
transformed,  through  different  organs  ? 
After  being  thus  transformed,  it  arrives 
in  the  blood.  The  blood  distributes  it 
wherever  needed.  What  becomes  of  it 
does  not  depend  on  ts  nature,  but 
on  the  nature  of  the  organ  to  which  it 
is    assimilated.      The   same    food    be- 


comes muscle,  bone,  hair,  or  anything 
else,  according  to  where  it  goes. 

And  the  same  conditions  obtain 
when  the  young  animal  is  growing. 
The  food  assimilated  produces  organs 
which  are  determined  by  the  egg  or 
female  germ  to  which  the  male  germ 
may  or  may  not  be  added. 

The  only  way  the  food  may  influence 
the  offspring  is  by  its  quantity  and 
quality,  as  such,  and,  therefore,  a  more 
or  less  perfect  development  is  obtained. 
That  explanation  is  not  very  clear  but 
I  do  not  see  exactly  how  to  make  it 
plainer  but  an  example  will  show  what 
I  mean. 

Let  us  plant  a  grain  of  wheat  in  a 
poor  soil,  and  a  grain  of  corn  in  a  rich 
ground.  We  will  obtain  two  plants 
very  different.  But  it  would  be  absurd 
to  say  that  if  the  grain  of  wheat  had 
been  planted  in  the  rich  ground  it 
would  have  produced  a  plant  of  corn. 
The  wheat  produced  on  poor  ground  is 
not  like  that  produced  on  rich  ground, 
but  it  is  wheat  all  the  same. 

So  it  is  in  the  animal  kingdom.  The 
characteristics  of  an  animal  are  deter- 
mined by  the  original  male  and  female 
germs.  The  food  is  merely  a  question 
of  development.  And  this  depends  on 
the  quality  and  quantity  of  the  food 
as  such,  without  regard  to  its  origin. 

In  the  case  of  queen  bees,  both  the 
queen  organs  and  the  worker  organs, 
or,  rather,  the  original  cells,  from 
which  they  will  develop,  exist  in  the 
fecundated  egg,  and  it  is  only  a  ques- 
tion of  which  will  be  fully  developed. 

REFERENCES. 

Some  one  will  undoubtedly'  want  to 
know  where  are  my  "authorities"  for 
all  the  above.  Among  the  bee  books,  I 
would  refer  to  Cheshire,  Langstroth 
revised.  Prof.  Cook  and  Quinby  re- 
vised by  L.  C.  Root. 

For  the  question  of  nutrition,  develop- 
ment of  animals,  etc.,  in  a  word  biolog- 
ical questions,  any  of  the  advanced 
treatises  on  physiology'  and  biology. 
The    elementary    school  books  are  not 


274 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


sufficient.  The  articles  of  the  Encyclo- 
pedia Britannica  will  do  the  readers 
who  will  merely  want  to  know  how  it 
is.  without  going-  into  a  thorough  study 
of  the  subject. 

On  Doolittle's  assertion  concerning 
the  influence  of  drones,  see  Bee-Keep- 
ers' Review,  Jan.  1902,  page  20. 

On  second  mating  of  queens,  and 
laying  in  queen  cells,  see  American 
Bee  Journal,  March  17,  1904,  page  199; 
and  Gleanings,  April  15,  1904,   pg.  144. 


Concerning  the  queen  larvae  fed 
worker  food  when  transferred  in 
worker  cells,  see  American  Bee 
Journal,  Jan.  28,  1904,  page  54. 

As  to  the  mason  bees  putting  feed 
and  eggs  in  a  nest  without  bottom,  see 
Lubbock's  Senses  and  Instincts  of 
Insects,  chapter  12.  The  whole  book 
is  very  interesting  and  should  be  read 
by  every  bee-keeper. 

Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Oct.  10,  1905. 


?p  IFe^^er  Bees  amd    Oive  Tliesm 
Better  Careo 


H.    A.    SMITH. 


ra'UCCESS  in  any  pursuit  almost  in- 
^  variably  follows  close  attention  to 
details  In  ro  business  does  this  bet- 
ter apply  than  in  that  of  bee-keeping. 
We  are  often  surprised  when  reading 
articles  from  large  honey  producers, 
to  see  how  great  a  stress  they  lay  upon 
attention  to  work  in  the  u^piary  v/hich 
would  seem,  to  the  novice,  to  be  of 
minor  importance.  The  fact  of  the 
matter  is,  however,  the  man  who  is 
particular  in  small  things  accomplishes 
great  things. 

For  an  example,  some  springs  we 
find  a  great  many  queenless  colonies, 
and  nine  times  ou.t  of  ten,  the  queens 
of  those  colonies  were  over  two  years 
old.  Some  winters  seem  harder  on 
aged  queens  than  do  other  winters, 
and,  as  the  loss  of  a  single  queen 
means  the  loss  of  a  whole  colony, 
surely  it  does  not  pay  to  take  any  risk; 
but  let  us  attend  to  the  detail  of  re- 
newing old  queens.  Perhaps  very  few 
of  us  realize  what  we  really  do  lose 
when  we  lose  a  colony  of  bees.  Let  us 
keep  track  of  the  income  of  a  certain 
colony,  and  its  increase,  for  five  years, 
and  we    will    then    realize    the    impor- 


tance of  attending  to  details,  and,  if 
possible,  saving  every  individual 
colony. 

There  are  other  small  details, 
which,  if  neglected,  or  attended  to, 
mean  the  losing  or  saving  of  dollars. 
A  few  blades  of  grass  do  not  am.)unt  to 
much,  but  when  growing  in  front  of  an 
entrance  are  a  great  hindrance  and 
loss  of  time  to  the  little  workers. 
Just  watch  the  bees  for  a  few  minutes, 
scrambling  through  the  grass,  with 
their  heavy  loads,  and  if  you  have  any 
heart  you  will  attend  to  the  detail  of 
pulling  a  few  blades  of  grass.  You 
will  have  to  have  your  eye  open  for  de- 
tails, however,  or  you  won't  notice  the 
grass. 

A  few  square  inches  of  drone  comb 
in  each  frame  do  not  seem  to  be  doing 
much  harm,  but  if  we  could  find  out 
how  much  honey  it  requires  to  bring 
those  few  thousand  drones  to  maturity, 
besides  what  they  eat  afterwards,  we 
would  likely  attend  to  the  detail  of 
substituting  worker  for  drone  comb. 

The  addition  or  lack  of  js  of  an  inch 
in  the  size  of  a  frame  or  hive  may  not 
sound  ver}'  big,  but  you  will  likely  say 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


275 


something-  which  does  sound  big-  when 
you  find  your  frames  grown  fast  to  the 
hive.     I've  been  there,  so  I  know. 

And  thus  one  could  ^o  on,  naming' 
many  small  points  commonly'  neglected, 
which  g^o  to  help  disgust  many  bee- 
keepers witli  the  business,  when, 
in  fact,  the  business  showed  its 
disgust  for  the  man,  and  drove  him 
o«t  of  the  field  of  apiculture. 

I  believe  the  tendency  is  altogether 
too  great  toward  what  miglit  be  termed 
wholesale  attention  in  the  apiary.  No 
doubt  some  one  will  ask  how  it  could 
be  managed  otherwise  when  operating- 
three  or  four  hundred  colonies.  That 
is  just  the  point.  A  great  many 
wholesale  apiarists  very  often  cover 
twice  as  much  ground,  and  have  twice 
as  much  expense,  as  is  necessary  to 
g-et  as  g"ood  returns  from  half  the  num- 
ber of  colonies,  with  half  the  expense 
for   fixtures,  etc.,  if    important    details 


Clieaps 


were  attended  to.  In  fact,  they  could 
not  attend  to  so  manj'  colonies  if  they 
attended  strictly  to  all  details. 

There  is  another  point  in  favor  of 
cutting-  down  the  number  of  colonies: 
If  there  comes  a  poor  season  you  get 
all  the  honey  there  is  in  the  field;  you 
have  much  less  expense  and  a  less 
number  of  colonies  to  feed. 

I  am  convinced  that  if  some  men 
would  try  the  experiment  of  replacing 
one-half  the  number  of  colonies  with  a 
proportionate  amount  of  attejition,  the}' 
would  secure  as  much  honey  of  a  better 
quality  and  a  better  race  of  bees,  and 
such  thing's  as  foul  and  black  brood 
would  not  gain  such  a  foot  hold.  The 
matter  of  attention  is  similar  to  that  of 
overstocking  a  locality.  If  you  have 
more  bees,  than  you  have  attention  and 
care  to  bestow,  ^our  bees  are  bound  to 
suffer. 

Palermo,  Ontario,   Aug.   22.  1906. 


ira- 


E.    F.    ATWATER. 


OTHE  practical  bee-keeper  who  hopes 
T"  to  handle  a  score  of  apiaries  had 
best  adopt  the  simplest  hives  that  can 
be  used  with  satisfactory  results.  Our 
preference  at  present  is  an  eight-frame 
hive  of  standard  size  for  comb  honey, 
and  for  extracted,  the  regular  ten- 
frame  hive.  If  we  were  to  start  anew, 
it  is  quite  probable  that  we  would  use 
the  ten-frame  hive  for  all  purposes, 
using  the  full  ten  frames  in  the  brood 
nest  for  extracting-colonies,  and  eight, 
nine,  or  ten  frames,  with  dummies, 
when  needed,  for  comb  honey  brood 
nests. 

If  one  has  the  time  in  winter  he  may 
do  as  we  have  done,  make  up  a  lot  of 
very  satisfactory  10-frame  bodies  or 
full  depth  extracting  supers,  at  a  very 


low  cost.  We  have  many  full  depth 
10-frame  hive-bodies  which  have  cost 
us  only  five  cents  each  for  material, 
aside  from  paint.  They  are  made  of 
coal  oil  or  gasoline  cases  (same  as 
cases  for  two,  five-g'allon  honey  cans) 
accurately  cut,  and  the  sides  of  double 
thickness,  ^-inch  lumber. 

At  the  lower  corners,  a  strip  of  gal- 
vanized iron,  about  ^'4  x  3 ,^2  inches,  is 
folded  around  the  corner  and  nailed 
with  three-penny  common  nails,  well 
clinched.  That  prevents  the  lower  cor- 
ners from  spreading  or  opening. 

Across  the  top  of  the  ends,  and  even 
with  the  top  of  the  hive,  is  nailed  a 
cleat  ^x2xl6  inches.  These  cleats 
furnish  the  hand-hold,  streng-then  the 
weak   place   left  by    the  cutting  of   the 


276 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  IcEVlEW 


rabbet  in  whi.";h  the  top  bars  hang-, 
and  tie  the  top  of  the  sides,  so  that 
there  is  no  spreading-  there,  unlike 
most  makes  of  dove  tailed  hives,  which 
soon  gap  at  the  upper  corners,  and  all 
too  often  the  strip  left  by  the  cutting-  of 
the  rabbet  becomes  broken  up. 

Any  cheap  boards  can  be  worked  up 
in  this  way,  if  you  have  no  other  work 
which  will  pay  you  better.  Use  long, 
cement-coated  box-nails,  and  paint 
your  hives  well.  If  new  lumber  is  to 
be  boug-ht,  just  five  feet  are  needed  for 
a  10-frame  body,  and,  by  nailing-  the 
cleats  >^  X  2  X  16  across  the  top  of  the 
ends,  and  tying-  the  lower  corners  with 
the  strips  of  galvanized  iron,  you  have 
a  hive  that  will  compare  favorably 
in  usefulness  and  durability,  with  any 
factory-made  hive. 

Of  course  your  lids  must  be  cut  one- 
inch    longer    than    usual,     if    you    use 


cleats  which  project  below.  If  you 
have  factory-made  lids  on  hand,  just 
dress  off  the  part  of  one  of  the  end- 
cleats  which  projects  below. 

If  you  have  a  power  circular  saw 
and  outfit,  better  halve  the  corners  of 
your  hives,  for  there  is  an  advantage 
in  strong  hives,  for  supers  do  not  sit 
in  the  yard  3'ear  after  year,  but  are 
handled  so  much  that  corners  may 
open  more  or  less.  Halving  prevents 
this,  and,  next  best,  is  our  plan  des- 
cribed above. 

This  latter  plan  has  the  advantage 
that  any  one  who  can  saw  a  board  off 
true  and  square,  can  easily  make  his 
own  hive-bodies. 

But  to  use  hives  and  supers  with 
plain  box-joints,  not  re-inforced  in  any 
way,  would  not  suit  me  at  all. 

Mkriden,  Idaho,  Nov.  13,  1905. 


■.**^*^^.^»^'fc^'fc^^*«^»^»^^»«^*^'k^^»«*rf^«**''  1i-P*-»'fc."^*«^'»'*^*»*^*^U»^^M^M^*.^*^'k^'»i^»^li^lL»^»»^'»i^lL**^»^»^*^*»1i^*^'*^^^ 


dflto 


X^ 


««j/n*^»«'«  »*^^*^^»  »^»^'».»v«x«^rf»jr««-^«^^<x»'*  it<rit»*^^^«^rf^^»rf»  *.»u»w^.»<^i<«,«^*ir»  i^«jr^^«.«'»  «j>»^k^^.»t-^ir^rf««-"  *«^^*^i«  rn*  - 


I  Have  Bought  the  Cavanagh  bees 
that  were  in  the  Northern  Michigan 
apiaries.  There  were  250  colonies, 
about  400  ten-frame  supers  of  surplus 
combs,  four  extractors,  tanks,  tools, 
etc.  I  paid  an  even  $1,000  for  the 
outfit. 


Preparing  Bees  for  Winter  ought  to 
now  be  the  order  of  the  day,  providing 
any  preparation  is  needed.  Lack  of 
stores,  weak  colonies,  and  old  or  poor 
queens  are  the  main  points  that  need 
correcting.  Unite  the  weak  colonies, 
supersede  the  poor  queens,  and  feed 
when  it  is  needed — don't  put  it  off 
until  cold  weather.  Don't  get  the  idea 
that  wintering  is  going  to  rectify  any 
of  these  short  comings.  Some  people 
have  an  idea  that  poor  or  unripe  fruit 
is  all  right  to  can.  It  isn't.  Canning 
does  not  change  its  character.     It's  the 


sarne  with  a  colony  of  bees.  If  j'ou  ex- 
pect it  to  be  a  good  colony  in  the 
spring,  it  must  be  good  noiv — have 
plent_y  of  bees  and  plenty  oi  good  stores, 
and  a  good,  prolific  queen.  Such  a 
colony  kept  through  the  cold  weather 
in  a  warm  cellar,  say  45  degrees,  is 
almost  certain  to  be  a  good  colony  next 
spring.  Now  is  the  time  to  lay  the 
foundation  for  next  year's  honey 
crop. 

Thoroughly  Ripened  Honey  is,  I  fear, 
something  that  even  some  bee-keepers 
have  never  tasted.  I  will  admit  that  I 
have  never  tasted  such  fine  fiavored, 
perfect,  extracted  honey  as  that  that  I 
have  produced  this  year.  Even  old 
bee-keepers  who  come  here,  and  are 
given  a  taste,  exclaim  "Well,  I  never 
tasted  honey  quite  the  equal  of  that  !" 
One  man  who  had  practiced  extracting 
as  soon    as  the  bees    beg-in  to  seal    the 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


277 


honey,  and  then  had  ripened  (?)  (no, 
evaporated)  it  in  tanks,  and  believed 
such  honey  the  equal  of  any,  was  com- 
pelled to  admit,  althouf^h  reluctantly, 
that  there  was  a  ditference  between 
honey  ripfned  by  the  bees,  and  that 
evaporated  by  man.  This  honey  was 
left  on  the  hives  a  month  or  six  weeks 
after  it  was  sealed,  durinj;'  which  time 
it  received  that  finishing- toucli.  There 
is  really  as  much  difl'erence  between 
green  and  ripe  honey  as  there  is  be- 
tween fruit  in  these  two  conditions. 
There  is  a  smoothness,  a  richness,  a 
flavor,  a  ripeness  that  can  be  secured 
in  no  other  manner. 


«««^  »^»»»»»" 


Missouri  Bee-Keepers'  Convenlion. 

The  annual  meeting-  of  the  Missouri 
State  Bee-Keepers'  Association,  will 
be  held  at  the  Court  House  of  Mar- 
shall, INIissouri,  October  2nd  and  3rd, 
1906. 

Elaborate  preparations  are  being- 
made  by  the  Saline  County  Bee-Keep- 
ers' Club  for  the  reception  and  accom- 
modation of  bee-keepers. 

Hotel  accommodations  can  be  had  at 
from  one  to  two  dollars,  or  board  and 
lodg^ing-  can  be  secured  at  fifty  or  sev- 
enty-five cents  per  day  in  private 
boarding-  houses,  for  those  who  will 
write  to  Mr.  M.  E.  Tribble,  at  Mar- 
shall, Secretar}'  Saline  County  Bee- 
Keepers'  Club,  asking-  him  to  arrange 
for  them. 

Badges  are  being-  prepared  and  will 
be  mailed  to  those  applying  for  them 
to  Mr.  Tibbie.  These  badges  are  to 
be  worn  by  bee-keepers  when  arriving- 
on  trains  to  assist  the  reception  com- 
mittee, members  of  which  will  meet 
each  incoming  train,  to  recognize  the 
visitors. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  Association 
to  introduce  a  foul  brood  bill  at  the 
next  session  of  our  legislature,  and 
preparations  for  the  work  of  canvasing 
the  State  in  the  interest  of  this  bill  are 
to    be    made    at    this    meeting.     It    is 


therefore  of  great    importance  that  we 

may  have  a  large  attendance. 

All  bee-keepers  are  invited  to  attend 

and  join  our  association. 

Robert  A.  Holekamp, 

Secretary  Mo.  State    Hee  Keepers'  As- 
sociation. 

4263  Virginia  Ave.,  St.  Louis. 

Postal  Card  Nominations  of  Officers  for 
the  National  Association. 

General  Manager  France  has  sent 
out  notices  asking  for  postal  card 
nominations  to  be  sent  to  him  nomin- 
ating officers  to  be  elected  at  the  next 
annual  election  of  the  National  Asso- 
ciation. The  following  officers  will 
complete  their  terms  of  office  with  the 
year,  and  it  is  their  successors  that  it 
is  now  desired  to  place  in  nomination. 
President,  C.  P.  Dadant;  Vice  Presi- 
dent, Geo.  E.  Hilton;  Secretary,  W. 
Z.  Hutchinson;  General  Manager,  N. 
E.  France;  Directors,  Jas.  A.  Stone, 
G.  M.  Doolittle  and  R.  A.  Holekamp. 

So  much  has  been  said  about  the 
Association  being  run  and  managed  in 
the  interests  of  supply  manufacturers, 
dealers,  editors,  etc,  that  I  think  none 
of  these  classes  better  be  placed  in 
nomination.  Let  the  men  nominated 
be  producers,  pure  and  simple.  As  for 
myself,  I  positively  decline  to  accept 
the  ofiflce  another  term,  and  I  would 
like  to  see  Jas.  A.  Green,  of  Grand 
Junction,  Colo.,  elected  as  m3'  succes- 
sor. He  is  a  thorough  bee-keeper, 
bright,  intelligent,  well-educated  and 
very  ready  with  his  pen,  and  I  feel 
certain  would  hi!  the  office  with  credit 
to  himself  and  the  Association. 

Send  your  nominations  to  N.  E. 
France,  Platteville,  Wisconsin,  and 
send  them  soon  enough  so  that  they 
will  reach  him  by  September  29. 


^W^^^P^^'t^ltf 


Do  Bees  Select  Their  Future  Home  in  Ad- 
vance of  Swarming  ? 
A    subscriber    wishes   me  to  answer 
the  above    question.     I  think    they  fol- 


278 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


low  no  invariable  rule.  There  are 
many  instances  that  prove  they  may 
do  either  way.  To  illustrate:  One 
man  saw  some  bees  workings  out  and  in 
a  knot  hole  in  a  tree,  and  climed  up  to 
examine,  supposing^  he  had  found  a  bee 
tree.  When  he  reached  the  hole,  there 
were  only  a  few  bees  there.  He  broke 
off  a  branch  and  thrust  it  into  the  hole, 
but  only  a  few  frightened  bees  came 
out.  Two  days  later,  as  he  was  pass- 
ing the  spot,  he  heard  a  roaring^  over- 
head, and  looking-  up  saw  a  swarm  of 
bees  approaching,  when,  with  no  hes- 
itancy they  at  once  entered  the  opening. 
It  certainly  looks  as  though,  in  this 
case,  the  tree  had  been  selected  in 
advance. 

Again,  a  man  saw  a  swarm,  as  it  en- 
tered the  edge  of  some  woods,  scatter 
and  spread  out,  and  bees  were  seen 
searching  the  bodies  and  limbs  of  large 
trees,  as  though  looking  for  an  opening. 
Once  more,  swarms  often  hang  on  a 
limb  all  the  afternoon,  or  all  night— if 
they  had  previously  selected  a  hume,  it 
is  not  likely  thry  would  have  waited  so 
long  before  occupying  it.  Sometimes 
a  swarm  clusters  in  some  sheltered 
spot,  or  on  a  rail  fence,  and  never  takes 
the  trouble  to  find  a  hollow  tree,  but 
builds  combs  right  in  the  open  air, 
something  that  it  seems  they  would  not 
do  if  they  had  found  a  hollow  tree.  For- 
tunately, however,  it  makes  no  differ- 
ence in  the  management  of  an  apiary, 
whether  the  finding  of  a  home  is  before 
or  after  swarming. 


Rales  to  San  Antonio. 

Time  is  slipping  along,  and  the  date 
for  holding  the  annual  convention  of 
the  National  Association,  at  San  An- 
tonio, is  creeping  nearer.  For  those 
who  expect  to  attend,  the  following 
from  tlie  General  Passenger  Agent  of 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  »&  Texas  Rail- 
way, will  be  of  interest.  He  writes  me 
^^  follows  ; 


August  22,  1906. 
Mr.  W.  Z.  Hutchinson, 

Flint,  Michigan  , 
Dear  Sir  : — 

I  have  pleasure  in  advising  you  that 
for  the  annual  Association  of  Bee- 
Keepers  to  be  held  at  San  Antonio, 
Texas,  November  8th  to  10th,  1906,  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway 
will  authorize  a  rate  of  one  first-class 
fare  plus  fifty  cents  for  the  round  trip 
from  Indian  Territory  and  Oklahoma 
points,  for  the  sale  of  excursion  tickets 
Nov.  6,  7,  8,  final  return  limit   Nov.  13. 

On  Nov.  6th,  there  will  be  on  sale 
Homeseekers'  excurson  tickets  from  St. 
Louis,  Hannibal  and  Kansas  City  at 
rate  of  $20.00  for  the  round  trip  to  San 
Antonio.  From  Chicago  the  rate  is 
$25.00;  from  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis, 
$27.50;  from  De  Moines,  $23  00;  from 
Omaha  and  Council  Bluffs,  $22  50. 
From  all  these  points  tickets  are  on 
sale  via  the  M.  K.  iS;  T.  Ry.— a  line 
with  its  own  through  trains  from  St. 
L.uis  and  Kansas  City  to  San  An- 
tonio. The  excursion  tickets  sold  on 
Nov.  6,  7,  8  will  be  good  thirty  days 
from  date  of  sale  and  will,  in  addition, 
admit  stop  over  privileges  both  on  the 
going  and  return  trip.  This  will  en- 
able the  delegates  to  make  a  very  de- 
lightful trip  to  the  great  winter  resort 
of  Texas  and  at  the  same  time  get  a 
better  and  more  intimate  knowledge  of 
the  great  and  growing  Southwest. 

I  have  pleasure  in  sending  you  under 
separate  cover,  copy  of  our  latest  Time 
Folder  and  copy  of  our  pamphlet,  "The 
Story  of  San  Antonio."  If  there  is 
any  additional  information  about  the 
trip,  I  can  give  you,  which  will  be  of 
benefit  to  your  readers,  I  shall  be  very 
glad  to  do  so  on  request. 


^H^^^^rt^^miT" 


Co-Operation    in    New    York,    and    Why 

Some  of  the  Journals  are  Silent, 

An    editorial    in  the    American   Bee- 
Keeper   complains   because   the    jour- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


279 


nals,  or  the  majority  of  them,  say  lit- 
tle or  nothiiifjof  the  association  of  bee- 
keepers in  New  York  which  is  buying' 
goods  for  its  members  at  a  lower 
rate  than  the  regular  retail  price. 
The  Bee-Keeper  intimates  that  this 
silence  comes  from  sjMiipathy  with  the 
manufacturers  anil  dealers  in  supplies 
— or  that  the  dealers  control  the  journ- 
als. So  far  as  the  Review  is  concerned 
the  sympathy  is  with  men  who  co- 
operate to  better  their  condition.  It 
has  said  so  repeatedly,  and  it  is  not 
necessary  to  say  it  again  that  its  read- 
ers may  know  its  views.  The  trouble 
with  the  co-operative  movement  in  New 
York  was  that  it  was  linked  or  com- 
bined with  an  attempt  to  overthrow  or 
injure  the  National  Association,  on  the 
assumption  that  it  was  controlled  and 
managed  in  the  interests  of  the  dealers 
or  manufacturers.  Not  only  have  the 
New  York  Associations  withdrawn 
from  the  National,  but  they  have  used 
every  possible  influence,  and  have  suc- 
ceeded in  some  instances,  to  induce 
other  State  Associations  to  withdraw. 
The  New  York  bee-keepers  have  been 
successful  in  buying  their  supplies 
cheaper  through  co-operation,  and  then 
turned  around  and  dimmed  the  luster 
of  their  achievements  by  an  attack  up- 
the  National.  Not  one  in  a  thousand 
of  the  members  of  the  National  is  a 
dealer  in  supplies.  Of  its  16  officers, 
only  three  can  be  called  dealers.  To 
talk  about  the  dealers  dominating  this 
body  of  men  to  their  own  interests 
versus  that  of  the  producers,  seems  the 
height  of  folly.  If  there /^  really  such 
a  feeling  as  this,  and  it  is  sufficiently 
wide-spread,  it  might  be  advisable  to 
make  a  change  in  the  constitution  pro- 
hibiting the  election  to  office  of  a  sup- 
ply dealer  or  manufacturer  of  supplies. 
There  is  a  need  in  this  countr}'  of  a 
National  organization  devoted  exclu- 
sively to  the  interests  of  honey  pro- 
ducers, and  I  have  always  believed  the 
National  to  be  such,  but,  if  there  is 
any  chance  whatever  for  a  doubt  in  the 


matter,  then  let's  change  the  character 
of  its  constitution  sufliciently  to  re- 
move the  doubt. 


How  to  Ship  Honey  With  no  Danger  of 
Loss  to  Strangers  Who  Don't  Pay 
In  Advance. 
Men  who  are  advertising  honey  for 
sale,  as  I  iim  now  doing,  are  quite 
likely  to  receive  orders  from  strangers 
who  do  not  send  the  money  in  advance, 
and  the  question  arises,  what  shall  be 
done  ?  It  certainly  is  not  good  "busi- 
ness" to  fill  such  orders  without  taking 
some  precaution  for  securing"  the  pay- 
ment for  the  honey.  A  min  can  go  to 
a  bank  and  see  what  "rating"  is  given 
his  customer.  If  his  rating  and  credit 
are  good,  it  is  usually  safe  to  ship 
goods  and  send  a  bill.  If  his  rating 
and  credit  are  not  satisfactory,  or  if  he 
has  no  rating,  a  man  can  write  and 
ask  for  cash  in  advance,  or  else  for  re- 
ference, but  all  this  takes  time,  and 
sometimes  results  in  a  loss  of  the  sale, 
and  it  is  well  to  know  that  there  is  a 
method  of  overcoming  these  difficulties, 
providing  the  customer  lives  near  a 
bank;  and  that  can  be  learned  by  in- 
quiring at  any  bank.  The  plan  is  that 
of  sending  the  bill  of  lading  with 
draft  attached,  to  the  customer's  bank, 
with  instruction  to  deliver  to  him  the 
bill  of  lading  when  he  pays  the  draft, 
and  the  possession  of  the  bill  of  lading 
enables  him  to  secure  the  honey — other- 
wise he  cin't  get  it.  Let's  go  a  little 
more  into  detail.  When  you  take  your 
honey  to  the  railroad  depot,  ship  it  to 
yourself,  and  just  below  your  name 
and  address,  write:  "Notify  John 
Jones,"  or  whoever  your  customer 
may  be;  then,  on  the  back  of  the  bill 
of  lading  write:  "Deliver  to  John 
Jones,"  and  sign  3'our  name.  When 
you  get  your  bill  of  lading,  go  to 
your  bank,  and  ask  that  this 
bill  of  lading  be  forwarded  with  a 
draft  attached  for  the  amou'it  . 
the    sale,      to   the    bank    where    your 


280 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


customer  lives,  the  bill  of  lading^  to  be 
delivered  to  your  customer  when  he 
calls  and  pays  the  draft,  but  not  other- 
wise. Write  to  5  our  customer  and  tell 
him  what  you  have  done;  that,  when 
the  honey  arrives,  he  can  go  and  exam- 
ine it,  and  if  it  is  satisfactorj',  entirely 
as  represented,  he  can  ^^o  to  his  bank 
and  pay  the  draft,  and  get  the  bill  ot 
lading-  that  will  enaple  him  to  yet  the 
hone}'.  When  he  pays  the  draft,  the 
bank  will  forward  the  money  to  your 
bank,  and  there  it  will  be  placed  to 
your  credit  and  you  can  draw  it  out  at 
any  time. 

This  plan  enables  a  customer  to  ex- 
amine goods  before  paying  for  them, 
to  be  satisfied  that  he  has  not  been 
fooled  with  a  special  sample,  and  it 
protects  the  seller  from  loss  from  some 
dishonest  man. 

Of  course  if  a  customer  should  refuse 
to  accept  and  pay  for  the  honey,  you 
would  be  out  your  freight,  but  that 
would  be  a  small  item  compared  with 
the  worth  of  the  honey;  and,  if  the 
honey  is  what  it  was  expected  to  be, 
ihere  are  very  few  men  who  would  re- 
fuse to  accept  it  after  they  had  ordered 


It. 


**^  ■  rf»^i(»»«-« 


Getting  Combs  Cleaned  Up  After  Extract- 
ing is  Over. 

I  have  no  honey  house  at  the  apiary 
here  in  Flint.  The  apiary  is  four  or 
five  blocks  away  from  the  house.  This 
is  a  disadvantage  in  some  respects. 
When  the  honey  had  been  taken  off 
with  the  use  of  bee  escapes  it  had  to  be 
hauled  home  in  the  evenin;;,  in  order 
to  avoid  the  attentions  of  robber  bees. 
After  it  was  extracted  came  the  prob- 
lem of  getting  the  combs  cleaned  up  be- 
fore stacking  them  away  for  the 
winter.  There  were  over  100 ten-frame 
supers,  iind  it  seemed  like  quite  a  task 
to  cart  them  back  to  the  apiary  at 
night  and  put  them  on  the  hives,  then 
take  them  ol¥  again  and  bring  them 
to  the  house  for  storing.  It  was  not 
entirely     without     misgivings    that    I 


stacked  them  up,  one  evening,  out  in  a 
vacant  lot,  a  few  rods  from  the  house. 
The  hives  were  set  squarely  over  one 
another,  in  piles  about  six  hives  high, 
and  a  cover  put  on  each  pile.  A  small 
entrance,  perhaps  14  x  2  inches,  al- 
lowed each  pile.  I  was  up  early  the 
next  morning  and  kept  close  watch  of 
the  proceedings.  It  was  not  long  be- 
fore the  bees  found  them,  and  the  air 
around  them  was  soon  black  with  bees. 
Not  only  this,  but  they  gathered  in 
perfect  swarms  around  nearly  every 
house  in  the  neighborhood.  One  neigh- 
bor came  and  told  me  where  there  was 
a  swarm  of  bees  around  his  house,  but 
they  acted  as  though  they  had  lost 
their  queen.  I  went  around  to  all  of 
the  houses  and  explained  the  matter  to 
the  inmates;  told  them  that  there  was 
not  much  danger  of  the  bees  stinging 
them,  that  they  were  simply  hunting-  for 
honey,  and  that  as  soon  as  they  found 
that  that  I  had  put  out,  they  would 
leave  the  houses  Within  two  or  three 
hours  the  bees  had  de^ertetl  the  houses; 
but  it  was  amusing  to  see  how  foolish 
and  frantic  the  bees  acted  in  some 
cases.  At  one  house  there  was  a 
portico  having  a  post  that  came  up 
against  the  siding,  leaving  wedge- 
shaped  cracks  between  the  post  and 
siding.  There  were  at  least  three  or 
four  quarts  of  bees,  all  up  and  down 
this  post,  all  fighting  like  mad  to  get 
into  those  openings  between  the  post 
and  the  siding.  At  my  own  home,  on 
the  floor  of  the  back  porch,  in  a  corner 
where  the  floor  joined  the  wall  of  the 
building,  the  bees  gathered  in  a  hunch 
several  inches  deep.  I  went  up  to  the 
bee  yard,  and  all  of  the  fronts  of  the 
hives  were  black  with  bees,  in  more  or 
less  of  a  squabble.  These  things  all 
quieted  down  during  the  day,  and  I 
don't  know  of  any  one  being  stung, 
although,  it  is  likel}'^  that  some  of  the 
neighbors  felt  more  or  less  annoyed. 

The  bees  cleaned  up  the  combs  all 
right,  but  they  did  mutilate  a  few  of 
the    new     combs — not    seriously,    but 


THE  BEE-KEEPEKS     REVIEW 


281 


enough  so  that  it  would  be  noticed. 
No,  it  was  not  because  so  many  bees 
gained  entrance  and  fought  over  them, 
as  I  opened  some  of  the  piles  once  in 
awhile,  and  took  a  look.  There  was 
no  great  crowd  of  bees  on  an^'  of  the 
combs,  no  fighting  and  crowding,  but, 
so  long  as  the  comb  is  soft  and  tender, 
and  has  a  sweet  taste,  they  are  in- 
clined to  gnaw  awaj'  at  it  to  some  ex- 
tent. There  was  no  robbing  at  the 
apiary,  and  the  bees  quieted  down  in 
a  day  or  two. 

Will  I  ever  repeat  the  operation  ? 
Well,  I  don't  know.  So  far  as  myself, 
the    colouies  and    the    comb^  are    con- 


cerned, I  have  little  fault  to  find — the 
most  I  care  about  it  is  the  alarm  and 
annoyance  among  the  neighbors.  If 
the  apiary  were  isolated,  as  is  tiie  case 
with  some  of  those  up  north,  I  would 
see  no  great  objection  to  the  plan.  ( )f 
course,  no  hi.'Cb  could  be  opened  at 
such  a  time,  and  probably  not  for  sev- 
eral days  afterwards,  but  I  don't  ex- 
pect to  open  another  hide  here  again 
this  year.  Where  there  is  a  honey 
house  near  the  bees,  as  there  ought  to 
be,  I  think  it  would  be  preferable  to 
set  the  combs  on  the  hives,  and  let  the 
bees  clean  them  up  quietly,  decently 
and  in  order. 


EXTRACTED  DEPARTMENT. 


DANGER  IN  QUEEN-CAGE  CANDY. 

Foul  Brood  is  Sometimes  Spread  by  the 

Honey  In  the  Candy  in  Queen 

Cages. 


The  Review  has  several  times  ca'led 
attention  to  the  possibilit3'  of  fou!  brood 
being  spread  through  the  candy  used 
in  queen  cages.  I  suppose  there  are 
ver3'  few  men  who  would  knowingly 
send  out  queens  in  cages  provisioned 
with  candy  made  with  honey  contain- 
ing the  germs  of  foul  brood — I  should 
hate  to  think  any  man  would  do  it, 
but  it  has  been  done,  although  it  may 
have  been  done  unknowingly.  When  I 
last  met  Mr.  France  he  recounted  an 
experience  where  he  found  foul  brood 
in  each  alternate  hive  in  a  row  of  a 
a  dozen  colonies,  and  the  owner  was 
most  positive  in  his  assertions  that 
there  was  no  possible  way  in  which 
foul  brood  could  have  been  brought 
into  this  yard — that  is,  to  his  knowl- 
edge. Foul  brood  inspectors  inherit, 
or  soon  acquire,  the  hiibit  of  poking 
around  and  finding  a  great  many 
things   that   escape    the   ordinary    ob- 


servtr,  and  it  was  not  long  before  Mr. 
France  ran  across  half  a  dozen  queen 
cages.  "Hello!"  he  says.  "What  have 
you  got  here  ?"  "Wh}'  t'.iey  are  queen 
cages  in  which  I  bought  some  queens." 
"In  which  colonies  did  3'ou  introduce 
them  ?"  Then  there  was  somescratch- 
i  ig  of  the  head,  but  it  was  finally 
admitted  that  it  was  in  those  very 
hives  where  foul  brood  was  found. 
'  'Did  you  let  the  bees  eat  out  the  candj' 
to  release  the  que.n?"  "Yes,"  was 
the  reply.  That  settled  it  as  to  wher.^ 
the  foul  brood  came  from. 

The  only  safet3'  is  in  removing  the 
queen  in  the  house,  and  de^troj'i ng  the 
cage  and  bees,  putting  the  ciueen  into 
a  new,  clean  cage. 

On  this  point  Gleanings  has  some 
excellent  advice.     It  says:  — 

In  selecting  an  extracteil  huney  to 
use  for  rr.aking  a  queen-cage  candy,  it 
is  very  important  that  the  source  of 
that  honey  be  kno\^n.  If  unknown  it 
should  be  thoroughly  ooiled  to  disin- 
fect it  foni  any  possible  ^.^erms  of  black 
or  foul  brood.  One  boiling  will  lot  be 
sufficient  Boil  it  one  hour  ano  let  it 
stand  two  or  three  days  hiuI  tlien  boil 
again  another  hour.  This  is  better 
than  boiling  ».iree  hours  all  at  one 
time. 


282 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


One  can  readily  see,  if  he  will  reflect 
a  moment,  how  foul  brood  might  be 
spread  through  the  ag-ency  of  bee- 
cand}-.  Most  of  the  mailing-cages  now 
are  self-introducing  by  the  bees  eating 
out  the  cand}'  and  finally  releasing  the 
queen.  Suppose  this  cand}'  is  contam- 
inaled  with  genns  of  black  or  foul 
brood.  The  chances  are  that  the  col- 
ony to  wliich  this  queen  was  introduced 
would  soon  show  symptoms  of  disease, 
even  though  the  colony  or  bee  yard 
whence  this  queen  came  might  be  per- 
fectly healthy.  This  matter  is  so  im- 
portant that  I  would  respectfully  sug- 
gest that  our  apicultural  exchanges 
bring  the  matter  before  their  readers. 
In  the  meantime  the  purchaser  of  the 
qncens,  if  he  wishes  to  be  on  the  safe 
side,  taking  no  risk,  may  recage  the 
queen  received  in  the  mails,  introduc- 
ing her  b5'  means  of  bee-cand}'  made 
of  honey  out  of  his  own  yard. 


SELLIMG  HONEY   AT  FAIRS. 


A  Novel  Melhod  of   Drawing  Crowds  and 
Making  Sales. 


The  season  of  fairs  is  now  upon  us, 
and  many  bee-keepers  are  taking  ad- 
vantage of  these  gatherings  to  make  a 
market  for  their  honey;  and  many  more 
might  do  so  if  they  would.  There  are 
several  methods  of  selling  honey  at 
fairs,  some  of  which  have  been  men- 
tioned in  the  Review,  but  it  is  likely 
there  is  no  plan  that  will  draw  acrowd 
as  will  a  demonstration,  or  exhibition, 
with  live  bees  in  a  wire  cloth  tent. 
Gleanings  has  described  this  rnethod, 
and  told  of  the  immense  quantities  of 
honey  that  had  been  sold  at  such  exhi- 
biti(jns,  and  now  it  again  calls  atten- 
tion to  the  matter  as  follows  :  — 

I  promised  last  fall  that  I  would  re- 
mind our  readers  of  the  importance  of 
prei^aring  bee  and  honey  exhibits  at 
the  coming  county  fairs!  Arrange 
right  now  for  space.  Instjeiad  of  going- 
right  inside  of  ihe  fair  house  I  wouhl 
advise  putting  up  a  temporary  booth 
outdoors,  or  rent  a  tent  from  some 
camper  who  has  just  returhed  from  his 
vacation.  Prepare  .'i  nice  honey  ex- 
hibit, showing  honey  in  its  different 
forms. 


To  draw  a  crowd,  get  inside  a  wire- 
cloth  cage,  one  big  enough  to  hold 
yourself  and  a  hive  of  bees.  While  an 
attendant  is  prepared  to  make  sales, 
you  or  some  one  else  should  get  into 
the  cag^e,  barearmed,  bareheaded, 
without  coat  or  vest,  and  shake  the 
bees  into  a  big  dishpan.  Now  shake 
the  pan  until  the  bees  are  thoroughl}' 
demoralized,  rolling  them  over  and 
over.  In  this  condition  you  can  do 
almost  anything  with  them,  providing 
you  do  not  pinch  them.  (Gently  pass 
the  two  hands  under  the  ball  of  bees, 
moving  them  very  slowly  until  you 
have  your  hands  full,  then  hold  them 
before  the  astonished  crowd  Crowds  ? 
Oh  yes  1  the  people  will  fairly  swarm 
around  your  exhibit.  When  you  get 
the  crowd,  i/iot  is  the  time  to  give  a 
nice  little  talk  about  bees  and  honey. 
While  you  are  talking  your  attendant 
should  show  an  extractor  as  well  as 
other  appliances.  Tell  the  people  who 
you  are,  where  your  bee-3'ards  are 
located,  and  hand  out  honey-leaflets 
and  blank  postal  cards  with  your  name 
and  address;  explain  that  honey  is  a 
wholesome  sweet,  much  safer  and  bet- 
ter than  ordinary  cane  sugar,  and  far 
better  than  most  candy.  Answer  all 
the  questions  the  crowd  may  put;  and 
if  you  do  not  sell  honey,  and  lots  of  it, 
if  7vill  he  your  own  fault. 

Your  sales  for  two  or  three  days, 
while  the  fair  is  in  progress,  will  more 
than  pay  expenses,  and  will  give  you 
a  permanent  advertisement  that  maj' 
enable  you  to  dispose  of  your  own  crop 
right  in  30ur  own  locality  at  twice  or 
possibly  three  times  the  price  you 
woidd  get  by  shipping  it  to  the  city. 
If  the  experience  of  others  is  dupli- 
cated, you  may  sell  a  great  deal  more 
than  you  produce. 

In  connection  with  your  exhibit  of 
bees  you  ought  to  have  a  couple  of 
observatory  hives.  A  one-frame  nuclus 
with  glass  sides  is  better  than  a  whole 
hive  with  with  g-lass  sides,  iilthougii 
we  advise  the  use  of  both. 

There  should  be  a  large  placard  out 
in  front  of  the  demonstrating  cage, 
stating  that  that  hive  of  bees  will  be 
handled  at  such  and  such  hours.  Ar- 
range the  period  for  bee  demonstra- 
tions so  as  not  to  conflict  with  other 
things  on  the  ground  tiiat  may  pull 
away  j'our  own  crowd.  Then  remem- 
ber to  make  your  main  demonstration 
just  about  the  time  people  are  going 
home,  for  then  is  the  time  people  will 
buy. 


THE  BEE-ICEEPERS'  REVIEW 


283 


UNRIPE  HONEY. 

Some  of  the  Evils   That  Come  From  Ex- 
tracting Honey  Before  it  is 
Sealed  Over. 


It  is  to  be  hoped  tlial  the  journals 
will  take  up  the  crusade  against  the 
extracting'  of  unripe  honej',  and  keep 
it  up  until  no  more  honey  is  extracted 
until  it  has  been  sealed  over.  I  will 
admit  that  it  is  possible  that  honey 
may  be  ripe  before  it  is  capped  over, 
but  the  circumstances  are  exceptional, 
ar.d  the  only  safe  advice  is  to  uv^e  the 
cappinj,'-  before  extractinj;-.  If  this 
course  should  become  universal  it 
would  greatly  advance  the  demand  for 
extracted  tionej-.  Right  in  this  line  I 
taUe  pleasure  in  copying  an  article 
from  Alpine  McGregor,  of  Ontario, 
Canada,  publislicd  in  a  recent  issue  of 
Glesnings.     Mr.  McGregor  says  : — 

I  just  wish  to  emphasize  an  editorial 
comment  on  Mr.  E.  W.  Alexander's 
article,  p.  153,  Feb.  1.  Referring-  to 
the  advisabilit}'  of  allowing  the  ex- 
tractirg-combs  to  become  fully  capped 
before  extracting,  you  say,  '"In  all  the 
lake  regions  I  am  sure  it  is  impera- 
tive "  The  "lake  region,"  if  I  am  cor- 
rect, includes  nearly  all  Canada  except 
Manitoba  and  the  Northwest,  where, 
practicallj',  there  are  no  bees,  and  a 
part  of  the  United  States.  I  too  am 
sure  that  it  is  imperative. 

1  remember  very  well  when  D.  A. 
Jones  was  "King"  in  Canada.  He 
]H"acticed  and  advised  extracting  be- 
fore the  combs  were  capped,  and  ripen- 
ing- the  honey  in  tanks  holding  about 
375  lbs.  All  the  bee-keepers  with 
whom  I  was  acquainted,  and  I  think  I 
may  sa}'  the  majority  in  Canada,  fol- 
lowed this  plan.  The  result  was  that 
the  hone_v  market  for  years  was  such 
that  it  was  more  dililicult  to  sell  the 
honey  than  to  produce  it.  Many  went 
out  of  the  business;  and  those  who  re- 
mained, the  writer  among  the  number, 
decreased  their  stock.  I  will  mention 
just  one  case  in  point. 

A  man,  less  than  two  miles  from 
here,  about  twenty  years  ago  extracted 
over  200  lbs.  per  colony.  Being  short 
of  ripening-tanks  he  ran  it  into  cans 
too  soon;  and  the  consequence  was  that 
every  pound  fermented,  bulged   out  the 


cans,  and  forced  itself  out  at  the  top. 
It  was  all  sold  within  twelve  miles 
from  here,  and  I  need  not  enlarge  on 
the  eR'ect  it  had  on  the  demand  for 
honey  in  this  "locality." 

I  will  not  say  that  good  thick  honey 
can  not  be  produced  by  artificial  ripen- 
ing: provided  there  is  plenty  of  ripening- 
tank  capacity  and  the  weather  is  hot 
and  dry;  but  take  any  one  of  the  last 
three  summers,  last  summer  especially, 
when  almost  every  second  day  there 
was  rain,  a  damp  atmosphere,  cloudy 
and  cool  day  and  night— will  any  one 
say  that  honey  could  be  properly 
ripened  in  such  an  atmosphere  and  at 
such  a  temperature  ? 

About  twenty  years  ag-o  the  writer 
was  present  at  a  convention  in  the  Ciiv 
Hall,  Toronto.  The  Rev.  L.  L. 
Lang-stroth,  Mr.  A.  I.  Root,  Prof. 
Cook,  Mr.  D.  A.  Jones,  and  many 
other  prominent  bee-keepers  from  the 
United  States  and  Canada  were  there. 
In  the  course  of  a  discussion  Prof. 
Cook  arose  and  asserted,  with  all  the 
dogmatism  of  a  fifteenth-century  Cal- 
vinist,  that  honey  extracted  before  it 
is  sealed  and  artiticiall}^  ripened  is 
just  as  good  as  that  fully  ripened  in 
the  hive.  He  had  tested  it — with  some 
of  his  students  I  think  he  said — and 
the,y  could  not  tell  any  difference.  He 
further  stated  that  he  could  not  afford 
the  time  to  let  the  honey  ripen  inside 
the  hive.  Mr.  A.  I.  Root  took  the  op- 
posite view,  and  maintained  thathonej- 
which  is  full}' capped  before  extracting 
is  superior— a  position  which  I  believe 
is  endorsed  by  nine-tents  of  the  bee- 
keepers throngl  out  the  United  States 
and  Canada  toda}'. 

Right  here  I  may  say  that  I  do  not 
consider  an  extracted-honey  producer 
fully  prepared  for  his  business  unless 
he  has  three  supers  for  each  colony  of 
drawn  combs.  Thus  equipped  we  ran 
afford  the  time  to  allow  our  honey  to 
become  fully  ripened  in  the  hive. 

I  shall  not  presume  to  question  the 
Alexander  method  of  extracting:  honey 
in  /ir's  local it3',  especially  buck'cvheal 
hone}'.  I  rather  fancy  that  exposing  it 
in  large  tynks  for  a  week  or  so  would 
improve  it,  as  it  might  dissipate  some 
of  the  aroma  (?).  But  I  do  not  want 
to  see  that  system  revived  and  reintro- 
duced through  the  medium  of  Glean- 
ings. 

The  editor  of  Gleanings  comments  as 
follows: — 

[As  I  have  before  stated,  I  will  sa}' 
again  with    further  emphasis,  that  for 


284 


TRE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


the  average  bee-keeper,  in  the  average 
localit}',  the  combs  should  be  fully  cap- 
ped before  extracting.  The  extraord- 
inary' bee  keeper  in  an  extraordinary 
locality  may  extract  before  capping. 

Prof.  A.  J.  Cook  is  not  now  in  this 
country  or  I  would  refer  the  paragraph 
in  reference  to  extracting  uncapped 
honey  to  him  direct;  but  I  may  say  this 
much:  Since  the  time  of  the  convention 
referred  to,  he  has  given  out  a  state- 
ment that  seems  to  be  backed  by  facts 
and  by  scientific  men  generally,  that 
the  bees  do  something  more  than  merely 
evajiorate  the  nectar.  They  "invert" 
it,  according  to  the  chemists — or,  as 
l^rof.  Cook  prefers  to  put  it,  "digest" 
it,  making  a  distinct  cheinical  change 
between  the  nectrtr  just  as  it  comes 
from  the  flower  at:d  the  honey  from  a 
fully  capped  comb.  It  is  the  opinion 
of  the  editor  that  Prof.  Cook  would 
1107V  be  among  the  niimber  who  would 
advise  the  average  bee-keeper  to  let  his 
combs  become  fully  capped  before  ex- 
tracting.— Ed.] 


UNCAPPING    HONEY, 


Some  Points  lo  be  Considered  in  Order  to 
Do  the  Work  Quickly. 


Onl}'  the  man  who  has  worked  from 
morning  until  night  wielding  the  un- 
capping knife  in  the  honey  house  can 
realize  the  immense  difference  in  the 
time  required  to  uncap  a  thin,  "lean" 
comb,  and  one  that  is  bulged  out  on 
each  side,  such  as  result  in  spreading 
the  combs  apart,  using  eight  combs  in 
the  place  of  ten.  With  a  knife  that  is 
long  enough,  a  Langstroth  comb  can 
be  uncapped  with  a  single  upward 
swoop,  but  the  Bingham  knife,  as 
usually  made,  is  not  long  enough  to 
reach  across  the  comb  and  be  used  in 
this  manner,  and  E.  D.  Townsend,  in 
an  article  to  Gleanings,  calls  attention 
to  this  point  and  urges  the  manufact- 
ure of  a  longer  knife  with  a  special 
handle  that  will  allow  the  operator  to 
get  his  hand  closer  to  the  knife,  thus 
securing  a  better  leverage.  Here  are 
some  of  the  things  that  he  says:  - 

Some  time  ago  I  received  a  sample 
of     Bingham's    uncapping-knife    from 


the  A.  I.  Root  Co.  to  test.  The  blade 
is  the  same  as  usual,  only  an  inch  or 
thereabont  longer  than  the  regular. 
The  handle  is  the  Coggshall  idea,  being 
flat  on  the  top  and  bottom,  as  the  knife 
lies  on  the  table,  and  is  also  planed  of¥ 
on  the  edge  where  the  thumb  comes 
when  taking  hold  of  the  knife  when 
using. 

And  now,  Mr.  Editor,  I  will  say  a 
few  words  about  uncapping  and  un- 
capping knives.  We  have  felt  the  want 
of  a  longer  uncapping-knite  for  several 
3'ears,  but  have  been  loath  to  ask  for  it 
for  fear  tliis  extra  length  would  make 
the  knife  unwieldy,  or,  in  other  words, 
every  little  we  add  to  the  blade  in 
length  we  lose  in  leverage.  I  wish  I 
could  have  used  this  knife  with  the 
blade  an  inch  longer  than  the  regular, 
one  season  before  passing  an  opinion 
on  it.  Our  extractingframes  are  all 
the  Langstroth  size,  mostly  with  % 
inch  deep  top-bars;  but  a  part  are  only 
^s  inch  deep.  This,  after  figuring  out 
the  bottom- bar,  leaves  from  8  to  8 '4 
inches  of  comb  surface.  Eight  of  these 
combs  are  used  in  a  ten-frame  body. 
In  our  extracting  upper  stories  this 
wide  spacing,  If^.'  inches,  makes  great 
plump  fat  combs.  Now,  to  uncap,  set 
the  comb  to  be  uncapped  on  end,  on  the 
usual  sticks,  over  the  uncapping  tank, 
with  the  edges  of  the  comb  towards  3'ou, 
held  in  position  with  the  left  hand. 
We  start  the  knife  at  the  lower  end  of 
the  comb  to  be  uncapped.  At  this  stage 
the  comb,  for  convenience,  will  stand  on 
a  slant  to  the  left.  Now  begin  the  up- 
ward movement  of  the  knife,  back  and 
forth,  endwise,  with  a  seesaw  motion. 
This  makes  the  knife  cut  more  keen!}'. 
Now,  about  the  time  you  see  the  cap- 
pings  are  going  to  fall  oft"  the  knife, 
with  the  left  hand  push  the  comb  to 
the  right  until  it  stands  perpendicular. 
If  you  are  now  holding  the  knife  at  the 
correct  angle,  the  beveled  edge  on  the 
knife  being  on  a  level  with  the  comb 
after  it  is  uncapped,  the  lower  edge  of 
the  knife  will  be  an  inch  or  so  ofl'  from 
the  uncapped  surface,  so  the  cappings 
will  clear  the  comb  and  fall  direct  into 
the  uncapping-tank  below.  Uncap 
deep,  clear  down  to  ihe  frame. 

I  am  convinced  that  tlie  best  honey 
could  be  produced  by  using  nothing 
but  foundation  in  the  upper  stories  to 
extract  from;  but  as  tiiis  is  impractical 
the  next  best  thing  to  do  is  to  uncap 
dee/>  so  the  comb  when  given  to  the  bees 
to  be  refilletl,  will  be,  say,  one  inch 
thick.  This  leaves  the  cells  only  ^ 
inch  deep,  and  is  the  iie.rl  best  to  foun- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


285 


d  at  ion.  Then  by  IV  inch  spacing-  the 
combs  uncap  very  nicely,  and  I  never 
could  see  but  the  honey  was  just  as 
good  as  if  more  ctmbs  were  used  in  the 
upuer  story — i.  e.,  closer  spacing. 

Keep  moving  your  knife  up,  with  the 
drawing  motion  mentioned  above,  un- 
til you  go  the  whole  length  of  the 
comb;  and  if  you  have  done  a  good  job, 
and  there  were  no  indentations  or  un- 
usually rough  surface,  your  ccmb  will 
be  finished  with  one  stroke  of  the  knife. 

And  here  let  me  say,  no  one  will  ever 
go  liack  to  narrow  spacing,  after  once 
trying  wide  spncing^;  but  don't  forget 
to  uncRpdct'p.  This  leaves  your  combs 
the  regular  thickness  when  extracted, 
and  I  think  the  honey  wi41  be  of  a  little 
better  quality  in  these  thin  combs. 

I  think  that,  after  reading  thus  far, 
it  will  be  easy  to  convince  the  reader 
how  handicapped  we  have  been  with 
the  regular  short  Bingham  knife  as  it 
has  been  manufactured  heretofore.  Of 
course,  those  who  still  practice  close 
spacing  will  need  the  regular  knife. 
That  brings  me  to  a  point.  We  shall 
need  two  knives— the  new  long  broad- 
side knife  and  the  "regular"  knife. 


WANTED  — Barnes  machinery,  with  or  without 
foot  power.  F.  T  HOOPES,  East  DoMiinaton, 
Pmn.  9-06-lt 

^VA^JTF.  D— Well    ripened    extracted    Bass- 
wmri    and    Clover  Honey,  lig-ht    in  color.     Prompt 
payment   on   receipt,   1/ic   per   lb.     f.  o.  b.   West 
Bet  d 
8-06-4t  H.  C.  AHLER^,  West  Bend,  Wis 

AVANTJED.  COMB  HONEJY. 

Write  at  once,  descri'inor  what  you  have  t„ 
offer,  and  name  lowest  price.  We  refer  to  you^ 
banker,  or  to  the  A.  I    Knot  Co.,  Medina,  Ohio. 

Address,  EVANS  &  TURNER, 

19-2  1-23  E.  Naughten  St-, 
9-06-2t  Columbus,  Ohio. 

SHIPPING  CASES. 

I  have  thousands  of  them  in  stock. 
White  basswood,  24-lb.  16c;  12-lb.  10c. 
Cases  made  of  '4  veneer  basswood, 
with  corrugated  bottoms  lo  protect  the 
honey,  24-lb.  13c. 

Marshfield  sections  kept  in  stock. 
None  better.  Dovetailed  hives  and  all 
kinds  of  supplies  sold  at  a  discount. 
Honey  and  Beeswax  wanted.  I  will 
furnish  cases  to  pnt  honey  in,  or  cans. 
Send  for  free  catalog. 


THE  PREMO  FtLM  PACK  ADAPTER 

Makes  vour  Plate  Camera  a 
Daylight  Loading    Film  Camera. 

With  the  Adapter  you  carry  12  ex- 
posures in  the  space  required  for  one 
Plate  Holder.  You  can  focus  on  the 
ground  glass  between  any  or  all  ex- 
posures. You  can  load  and  unload  in 
daylight.  You  can  remove  one  or 
more  films  for  development  before  the 
others  are  exposed. 

Prices  of  Adapters  are  3^x4K, 
$1.00;  4x5,  $1.50;  5x7,S2.50. 


W.   D.   SOAER, 

Jackson,  Mich. 


SUPERIOR    QUEENS 

For  the  balance  of  the  season. 
CAUCASIANS,  untested,  75  cts.  each, 
$8.00  per    dozen.     Tested,    $1.00    each; 
$11.00  per  dozen.     Select  tested,    $1.25; 
$12.00  per  dozen. 

ITALIANS  and  CARNIOLANS  un- 
tested, 60  cts.  each;  $6.50  per  dozen. 
Tested,  75  cts.  each,  $8.00  per  dozen. 
Select  tested,  $1.00  each,  $11.00  per 
dozen. 

CHAS.  KOEPPEN, 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


HONEY  QUEENS 

I.AWS'  JTAI^IAN  and  HOLY  LAND  QUEKX.S. 
Plenty  of  fine  qiitf  ns  of  the  best  strains  on  eirtli 
and  with  these  lam  catering  l<i  n  sstisfie  1  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?     or  are  you  interested 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 
Laws'  Holy  Lands. 
These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  as  consisient  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, goc;  t)er  dozen,  $S  00;  tested  $1.00;  per 
dozen,  Sio.  Rreedets,  the  very  best  of  eitlier 
race,  $3  00  each  . 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beeville,  Tex. 


286 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


The  foundation  of  a  crop  of  honey 
rests  in  the  successful  wintering-  of 
bees,  and  this  is  the  result  of  many 
things.  Strong  colonies  alone  will  not 
insure  safe  wintering-,  neither  will  a 
warm  cellar,  nor  chafF  hives.  Perfect 
stores  will  come  the  nearest  to  it,  but 
they  can't  be  depended  upon  alone. 
In  some  localities  the  natural  stores 
can  be  depended  upon;  in  others  part 
of  the  natural  stores  are  all  right  for 
wintering  purposes,  and  others  are 
disastrous.  There  are  methods  where- 
by the  right  natural  stores  may  be 
secured  for  winter,  or,  if  not,  the  col- 
onies may  be  brought  through  the 
seasons  practically  free  from  natural 
stores,  when  it  is  an  easy  matter  to 
furnish  them  the  best  of  all  winter 
stores — cane  sugar. 

When  the  food  is  all  that  it  should 
be,  then  comes  the  matter  of  protection; 
shall  it  be  packing  of  some  kind,  such 
as  sawdust,  or  chaff,  or  planer  shav- 
ing's, or  shall  it  be  the  cellar  ? 

If  it  is  the  cellar,  then  follow  the 
matter:^  of  temperature,  moisture,  venti- 
lation, etc.,  all  of  which  have  a  bear- 
ing^  upon  successful  wintering.  There 
is  a  way  of  telling  whether  a  cellar  is 
damp,  how  damp  it  is,  and  whether  it 
is  too  damp  (depending  upon  the  temp- 
erature) and  there  arc  methods  of 
rendering  it  dry  if  it  is  loo  damp. 

Besides  the  matter  of  ventilation  to 
the  cellar  itself,  which  also  has  a  bear- 
ing upon  temperature,  there  is  the  ven- 


tilation of  individual  hives,  so  that  the 
dampness  may  pass  off,  yet  leaving  the 
cluster  always  dry  and  warm. 

Then  there  is  the  giving- of  protection 
in  such  a  manner,  when  wintering  bees 
in  the  open  air,  that  the  cluster  may 
remain  warm  and  dry. 

Successful  wintering  is  really  a 
many  sided  subject,  but  it  can  be 
mastered  so  as  to  be  able  to  bring^  col- 
onies of  bees  throug-h  the  winter  safe 
ly  as  may  be  done  with  a  cow  or  horse. 

All  of  the  leading  factors  of  success- 
ful wintering,  as  well  as  the  minor  de- 
tails, are  given  in  the  book  Advanced 
Bee  Culture,  and  I  am  satisfied  that 
any  man  who  reads  this  book,  and  fol- 
lows its  instructions,  will  winter  his 
bees  with  practically  no  loss.  Last 
fall  I  put  104  colonies  of  bees  into  my 
cellar,  and  took  them  all  out  in  the 
spring  alive,  dry,  clean,  healthy  and 
strong,  and  I  know  I  can  do  this  every 
time,  and  so  can  others  if  they  will  fol- 
low the  instruction  that  I  give  in  Ad- 
vanced Bee  Culture. 

If  you  have  failed  in  wintering  your 
bees,  or,  if  3'ou  have  succeeded  only  in 
a  measure,  and  would  like  to  secure 
perfect  wintering,  get  the  book  now, 
and  read  it,  and  put  into  practice  its 
teachings,  and  next  spring  will  find 
you  with  strong,  healthy  colonies — the 
foundation  of  all  honey  crops. 

Price  of  the  book  $1.20,  or  the  Review 
one  year  and  the  book  for  onl^'  $2.00. 


MUTCfflN^ 


FiLIHT,  MICH. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


287 


WE  MANUFACTURE 

The  linest,  whilest,  no-drip,  Basswood  Shipping  Case  on  the 
market  today.  Covers  and  bottoms  are  of  ONE  PIECE. 
Everything-  is  POLISHED  on  both  sides  and  a  better  case 
cannot  be  had  at  any  price.  We  can  furnish  them  in  single  or 
car-load  lots  to  lit  any  number  or  style  of  section.  Large 
quantities  of  all  the  standard  sizes  on  hand.  As  a  special 
offer,  we  will  sell  you  25  cases  to  hold  24  sections,  complete 
with  NAILS,  PAPER  and  GLASS,  at  $4.00.  Write  for  prices 
on  larger  quantities.  Can  furnish  corrugated  paper  if  desired. 
We  can  furnish  you  with  anything  3'ou  need  in  the  apiary. 
Our  catalog  is  free.  Prompt  hipment  and  Satisfaction 
Guaranteed. 

MINNESOTA  BEE  KEEPERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 
Nicollet  Island.     No.  35.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


After  years  of  ihougluful  and  caieful  breeding,  seeking  more  especially  Ihe  more  perfect  cle- 
velopuieiit  of  a  strain  of  CI^OVKR  WORKERS,  1  am  pleased  to  offer  a  lluee-banded  strain  of 
bees  possessing  tlie  larest  qualities  of  perfection. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  NUCLEI  :  Untested  queens,  50  cts.;  select  untested  queens,  75  cts. 
two-frame  nuclei,  alter  June  1st,  J2. 00.  If  queen  is  wanted,  add  price  of  queen  to  price  of  nucleus. 
4-o5-6t 


CARNIOLAN  QUEENS 

and 

CHAFF  HIVES. 

I  am  breeding  only  one  race  of  bees.  I  have 
tested  the  Carmolans  with  the  other  races  of  bees 
and  find  tlieni  superior  to  all  of  them,  in  .some 
particular.  Tliey  have  all  the  good  (jualities  of 
others,  and  do  not  have  some  of  their  bad  trai  s 
They  are  much  easier  to  handle,  and,  if  lightly 
nianagel  (uiven  plenty  of  room)  they  will  not 
swarm  any  moie  tlian  other  races.  They  will 
CHp  their  cjinb  much  nicer,  breed  earlier,  and, 
therefore,  sloie  mote  hodey  I  grade  out  ail 
poor  queen  cells,  kill  all  small  or  imperfeit 
queens  before  mating,  and  sell  only  the  choice  or 
select,  bred  from  the  tjest  honey  gatherers  and 
comb  builders.  I  am  as  careful  about  the  drones 
as  about  the  breeding  queens. 

One   queen,  Ji. 00;  two,  |i. 75;  six,  $4.50. 

1  also  have  a  few  new  chaff  hives  for  .sale  very 
cheap.  Hives  or  queens  iTi  exchange  for  good, 
white,  comb  honey. 

4o6-6t  W.  W.  CRIM,  Pekin,  Ind. 


SOME  REASONS 

Wh3'  3'oii  can  buy  Italian  queens  to  ad- 
vantage of  the  undersigned:  The  stock 
is  froin.lhe  very  best  breeders,  such  as 
Qiiirin,  Laws,  Alle3'  and  Moore. 

All  queens  are  shipped  by  return 
mail  in  large,  roomy  cag^es,  and  guar- 
anteed to  i)lease  in  ever}'  particular, 
or  they  will  be  replaced  free.  Every- 
thing is  now  at  its  best  in  California, 
and  the  best  of  queens  can    be    reared. 

Untested  queens.  Si. 00  each;  six  for 
$4.00;  one  dozen  for  $8.00.  Tested, 
Si. 50;  six  for  S8  00;  one  dozen  $14.50. 
Breeders,  S5.00  each.  Write  for  prices 
on  larger  quantities. 


M.    D.  WHITCHER, 


6-06-tf 


Los  Olivos,  Calif. 


288 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


IHI 


^Yo 


I  have  produced  a  crop  of  extracted  honey  from 
the  wild,  red  raspberry  of  Northern  Michig-an.  It 
would  be  an  easy  matter  to  send  this  entire  crop,  in  a 
lump,  to  some  dealer,  but  I  prefer  to  give  each  of  my 
friends  an  opportunity  of  supplying-  his  table  with  this 
truly  delicious  honey — a  honey  with  a  flavor  all  of  its  own 
— a  flavor  that  smacks  of  the  wild  raspberry  of  the  forests. 

The  honey  is  put  up  in  60-lb  cans,  two  in  a  case, 
and  a  single  caseC  120  lbs.)  will  be  sold  at  8>2  cents  a 
pound  ($10.20  for  a  case)  and  larger  orders  will  be  filled 
at  8  cents  a  pound  ($9.60  a  case)  but  not  less  than  that 
even  thoug-h  the  whole  crop  should  be  taken. 

If  you  prefer  to  taste  the  honey  before  ordering^, 
drop  me  a  postal,  and  I'll  mail  you  a  g-enerous  sample  — 
enoug-h  so  that  the  neig^hbors,  too,  can  have  a  taste,  and 
perhaps  will  wish  to  join  you  in  ordering  a  case,  if  you 
should  not  care  to  take  that  much  yourself. 

W.  2.  HUTCHIMSOH,  FMrnst.  Msclhi. 


QUEENS 


of  Moore's    Strain    of   Italians 

Produce  workers  that  fill  the  supers 
and  are  not  inclined  to  swarm. 

Stewart  Smillie,  Bluevalo,  Ont  , 
Can.,  says: 

"They  fill  the  supers  and  are  not  so 
much  inclined  to  swarm  as  others.  I 
have  been  buying' queens  for  15  years, 
and  your  stock  was  the  only  one  that 
was  an3'  s'ood  to  g-athi-r  hoi:ey. 

Untested  queens.  $.75  each;  six,  $4  00 
dozen,  $7  50.  Select  untested,  $1.00 
each;  six,  $5.00;  dozen.  $9.00. 

Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  f^uar- 
anteed. 

J.  P.  MOORE,  Morgan, 

Pendleton  Co.,  Ky. 


BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  luamifactiire  standard  dovetailed  bee-liives 
and  supplies,  cheaper  than  jou  ever  bought 
before.  Our  Queens  and  Bee*  stand  at  tlu- head 
in  quality.  Unlisted  75c,  each;  $425  for  6:  or 
$S.oo  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1  2,seacli;  ^'2  00  per 
dozen.  Select  tested,  $1  50.  Special  prices  to 
dealers  and  in  large  lots  on  application.  Ditt- 
nier's  foundation      C;italog  free. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Becvillc.    Bee  Co.    Texas. 


Tlirce-and  Five-Banded   Italian    and 
C'lrniolan 

QUEENS 

as  good  as  the  best  and  re.idy  to  ship 
now.  Sa  isfactiun  fjuaranteed.  Un- 
tested, 50  cts. ;  tested,  75  cts, 

C.  B.  BANKSTON,   Milano,  Tex. 
3-OO-tf 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  miikethem.  Sendinj'our 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED 
HIV^ES  made  by  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping  on  hand. 


Mapshfield  |VIfg.   Co. 

IWaPshfleld,  Wis. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  I'ery  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing  the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  he  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the   Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.    VAfl    DEOSEfl, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


HONEY, 
HONEY, 
HONEY, 

Have  you  any  to  sell?  If 
so,  see  us  before  selling.  We 
pay  highest  Market  Price  for 
both  Comb  and  Extracted 
Hone}'.     Also  Beeswax. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

520  Monroe  Street, 
TOLEDO,         -         -         OHIO. 


Lowest  Prices. 

BIG  DISCOUNT  FOR  EARI^Y 
ORDERS. 


On  cash  orders 
Before  November  i  9  per  cent. 
,,        December  i  8 
,        January       i  7 
„        February    i  6 
,,        March  1  4 

,,        April  1  2 


Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds, 

Established  nearly  25  years. 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
50c  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  published.  Ec'ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 
ompany, 

Jamkstown,  N.  Y. 


290 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Vi/ 
Hi 

Hi 
Hi 


ill 
Hi 
Hi 
Hi 
Hi 


Send    for 

1906 
Catalog, 

Beeswax 

wanted 


vli 
\)/ 
\^/ 


\h 

\)/ 
ili 


Root's  Goods  Evt 
Root's  Prices 


POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

I,arge  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.     L,ow  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Service.   Catalog  sent  free. 

Walter  S.  Pou«dcr 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOIvIS,     IND. 


THE  PJ^OSPEROUS 
BEE-KEEPER 

will  order 

Dittmer's    Foundation 

which  is  best. 

While    they     are    offering    a 

liberal  discount  of  6  per  cent. 

durinff  October. 

Working  Wax  for  Cash  a 
Specialty. 

Beeswax  always  wanted. 

Gus  Dittmer, 
Augusta,  Wisconsin. 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 
Send  for 

Booklet. 


FANCY  WHITE  EXTRACTED  HONEY 

CRATES     2-60      LB.     CANSj     8c 

TWO    OR     MORE     CRATES;     TX 
LARGER     LOTS;     WRITE     FOR     SPECIAL     PRICES.     ALL 
F.  O    B.  CINCIN-NATI.  CASH  WITH  ORDER.  SAMPLES  1 0cl 
TO     PAY     POSTAGE. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 

No.     51     WALNUT     STREET,  diNCINNATI,     OHIO. 

SEND.FORCATALOGOFBEE  SUPPLIES  WITH  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTr 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


291 


I^ake  Youp  0^vn  Hives. 


3ee  ^  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
usinj,'-  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making- 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on  trial. 
Send  for  Catalogue. 

W.F.&JNO.  BARNES  CO., 

384  Rnby  St., 

Rockford,     Ills. 


I    -c6-I2 


^e^ 


PAXEINT,     BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.         24 

YEARS  the:   bezst".    catalog  freie:. 

F.       BINGHAM, 


FARWEZLL,       MICH,    j 


BEE-KEEPER'S  SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Prices 

Modern  Machinery  etter  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDEKG     MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
4-oi-^t  147-149  Cedar  Lake  Road 


HONEY  QUEENS 

LAWS'  ITALIAN  and  HOLY  LAND  QUEENS. 
Plent.v  of  fine  quefns  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  I  am  catering  to  a  satisfied  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?     Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 
Laws'  Holy  Lands. 

These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
are  as  low  as  consistent  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $8.00;  tested  Ji.oo;  per 
dozen,  $10.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  $3  00  each. 

W.  H.  Laws,  Beeville,   Tex. 


-If  you  are  going  to— 


BtlY  A  BUZZ-SAW^, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  Keview.  He  has  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  you  happy  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


^VANTKL)— Well    ripened    e.xtracted    Bass- 
wood    and    Clover  Honey,  light   in  color.     Prompt 
payment   on    receipt,   7,'4c   per   lb.,    f.  o.  b.   West 
Bend. 
8-06-4t  H.  C.  AHLERS,  West  Bend.  Wis. 


^VANTED,  C0M:B  HONEY. 

Writi-  at  once,  describing  what  you  have  to 
offer,  and  name  lowest  prici'.  We  refer  to  jour 
banker,  or  to  Ihe  A.  1     Root  Co.,  Medina.  Oliio. 

Address,  EVANS  &  TURNER, 

19-21-23  E.  Naughten  St-, 
')  0i)-2t  Columbus,  Ohio. 


292 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


^^ 


7  ^^"^SBff  ^^"r^SSIt  ^^^ 


iwm 


o^'.^^S^^.^^Si^'i 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION" 

IT  EXCELS. 

EVERY  INCH  equat^  to  samples. 


1^       Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sagrg^ing",    no    Loss.     Twenty-seven       ^S 

M)  years  of  Experience.     We  guarantee  satisfaction.     Wax  ^d^ 

^  worked  into  Foundation.  ^^ 

I  BEE  SUPPLIES  I 

^  of  all  kinds  (P 

i  BEESWAX  TV^ ANTED  % 

^  at  all  times.  Wm, 

H  Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODMAN,  Grand  Rapids.  fO| 

i  DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  111.  I 


Send  for  Catalog. 


ii%v^mtWM^ 


^mm^m%f^m%mm 


wmi^Bm^m^m^mwmms^^^mmM^^^^m^m'^m 


"^im^m^mmmm 


BIG  DISCOUNTON  ALL  KINDSOF 
BEE=KEEPER'S  SUPPLIES. 


Until  Ma3'  1st,  free,  a  3'ear's  sub- 
scription to  a  Bee  Journal  with  an  order 
of  $15.00  or  over.  Dovetailed  Hives  and 
Marshfield  Sections  by  the  carload; 
special  prices  made  to  small  dealers. 
Dittmer's  P^oundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  my  32  page  illustrated 
catalog  free. 

W.   D.   SOPER, 

Jackson,   Mich. 


I'M  OLD  AND  TIRED 

Of  caring  for  180  hives  of  bees;  won't 
some  financial  and  kind  bee-keeping 
friend  "give  me  a  rest?"  For  terms, 
Address  C.A.GREENFIELD, 

Route  1.  Caro,  Mich. 

oi-06-2t  (Tuscola  Co.) 


©-piise^ 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  a  larg'e  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  you 
the  best  g-oods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
15  diflferent  roads,  thereby  saving  you 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having-  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  L^mgstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  everj'  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTSnow. 
Write  today. 

KRETCHMER  MFG.,  CO. 
l-06-12t  Council  BlufiFs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German 


1 


Qe  (F)ee- 


eps 


A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$1.00  A  YEAR. 
W.  Z.  HDTCHINSON.  Editor  and  Proprietor. 


VOL.  XIX.      FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  OCT.  15,  1906.       NO.  10 


?tsilllm^  H©in\e^  on  Rtsral  Free 
Delivers^  IR.©titeSo 


GEO      H.    KIRKPATRIGK. 


T  ENCLOSE  a  photo  of  the  vehicle 
^  that  I  have  constructed  for  use  in 
selling  honey,  and  I  also  give  my  ex- 
perience and  success  in  canvassing  a  R. 
F.  D.  route  for  the  purpose  of  selling 
honey  to  the  farmers  and  lumbermen. 

As  you  will  see,  the  vehicle  is 
mounted  on  a  light  pair  of  bob  sleighs. 
I  also  have  a  set  of  wheels  for  it  for 
summer  use.  It  is  provided  with  a 
door  and  sash  in  each  side,  and  a  sash 
in  front;  the  lines  passing  through  two, 
one-inch  holes.  The  frame  supporting 
the  top  is  of  oak  and  the  panels  are  of 
basswood.  The  upper  half  of  the  sides 
and  top  are  of  heavy  duck,  painted 
with  three  coats  of  white  paint,  I  have 
it  neatly  lettered  on  each  side,  besides, 
there  is  also  a  painting  representing  a 
colony  of  bees  with  a  comb  lifted  out. 

THK  ADVANTAGR  OK  A  SPECIAL 
VEHICLE. 

I  consider  it  an  advantage  to  use  a 
special  vehicle,  as  when  I  have  made  a 


trip  through  a  certain  section  of  the 
countrj',  everybody,  including  the  local 
papers,  is  speaking  of  me  and  it  is  a 
splendid  advertisement. 

I  give  notice  to  the  heads  of  families 
on  a  certain  R.  F.  D.  Route,  10  days 
previous  to  my  canvass,  by  mailing  a 
card  that  I've  gotten  out.  On  this 
card  I  give  my  occupation,  when  estab- 
lished, and  post  office.  One  sentence 
reads: 

"Sir,  I  wish  to  inform  you  that  I 
will  canvass  Rural  Route  No.  (giving 
the  number  of  Route  and  date  of  the 
day  or  days  I  will  make  tiie 
canvass. ") 

In  this  way  I  largelj'  increase  my 
sales,  as  the  people  are  expecting  me, 
and  have  saved  a  dollar  with  which  to 
purchase  a  pail  of  honey.  I  am  sure  I 
make  man}'  more  sales  bj'  giving  the 
people  notice  of  my  coming,  than  I 
would  were  I  to  make  the  trip  unex- 
pectedly. 


296 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


On  routes  well  established  that  I 
make,  we  will  say,  the  first  of  every 
month,  my  customers  learn  to  expect 
me  without  giving-  notice  through  the 
mail. 

My  retail  package  is  a  ten-pound 
friction-top  pail,  one  size  only.  Each 
pail  is  neatly  labeled,  and  contains  10 
pounds  of  well-ripened  honey  gathered 
from  wild  red  raspberry — "the  honey 
that  made  Michigan  famous"  for  the 
superior  quality  of  its  honej'.  I  sell 
this  10-pound  pail  for  $1.00,  and 
reserve  the  pails;  picking  them  up  on 
my  next  trip. 

Selling  honey  in  this  way  is  a  de- 
light; one  can  do  it  with  a  clear  con- 
science, knowing  that  he  is  giving  his 
customers  value  received.  We  know 
we  have  a  good  thing  for  sale;  one  of 
the  best  foods  God  ever  gave  to  man. 
Let's  join  hands,  brother  bee-keepers; 
produce  the  best  grade  of  honey  ob- 
tainable and  place  it  before  the  public 
in  a  practical  and  profitable  waj'  at  a 
fair  price. 

The  key  to  success  is  fairness,  good 
weight  and  good  quality.  If  it  is  pos- 
sible, deliver  to  all  customers  a  better 
quality  of  honey  than  they  can  get 
elsewhere.  Most  people  are  willing  to 
pay  a  fair  price  for  a  good  article.  If 
there  is  anything  about  the  honey  that 
is  not  exactly  as  it  should  be,  call  the 
customer 'ig  attention  to  it  when  the  sale 
is  made,  thus  holding  the  customer. 
No  business  man  can  afford  to  lose  a 
customer. 

We  should  show  our  customers  that 
they  can  save  money  by  the  use  of 
honey.  I  expect  in  the  future  to  put 
out  a  little  circular  to  go  to  each  cus- 
tomer, telling  the  value  of  honey  as  a 
food. 

ONLY  THE  HIGHEST  OUALITV  OK  HONEY 
SHOULD  BE  SOLD  FOR  TABLE  USE. 

I  believe  it  is  possible  to  produce  a 
much  better  grade  of  extracted  honey 
than  is  being  produced  today  by  the 
average    producer.     The    average  bee- 


keeper, in  my  opinion,  looks  more 
to  the  quantity  of  his  honey  than  to  the 
quality.  Only  the  very  best  should  be 
sold  for  table  use,  and  that  should  be 
all  capped  before  extracting.  All  un- 
capped honey,  and  all  ofif-grades,  p  >or 
in  flavor,  light  in  bod}',  or  dark  in 
color  should  be  sold  to  the  bakeries  or 
other  manufacturing  companies. 

I  have  retailed,  in  small  quantities, 
several  thousand  pounds  of  extracted 
honey  direct  to  consumers;  and  I  have 
noticed,  if  rightly  done,  it  brings  good 
results. 

GREAT     CARE     NEEDED    TN     LIQUEFYING 
HONEY. 

Experience  is  a  good  teacher.  By 
experience  I  have  learned  that  60-lb 
tin  cans  are  very  nice  to  use  in  storing 
a  crop  of  honey,  nice  also  for  shipping 
the  same,  but  not  suitable  for  liquefy- 
ing honey.  I  believe  a  very  large  per 
cent  of  our  fine  grades  of  hone^'  are  in 
a  measure  spoiled  in  the  60-lb  cans 
when  heating  the  honey  to  bottle  it  for 
the  retail  trade.  It  is  next  to  impossi- 
ble to  melt  a  cube  of  honey  9x9x14 
inches  without  spoiling  the  flavor  and 
color.  I  prefer  and  use  open-topped 
tubs  for  the  storage  of  honey  for  m^' 
retail  trade.  Lard  tubs  can  be  ob- 
tained at  grocers  at  about  10  cents  each 
and  hold  95  lbs.  of  honej'.  With  a 
large  quantity  of  boiling  water  they 
are  quite  easily  cleaned.  I  fill  tlie 
tubs,  then  cover  with  a  good  qualit}'  of 
heavy  paper  and  nail  on  the  cover. 
When  granulated  they  are  ready  to 
ship  to  any  market. 

To  liquefy  the  honey,  I  dig  it  out 
with  a  two-inch  chisel  or  a  carpenter's 
stick,  and  put  it  in  a  double  tank,  a 
smaller  one  inside  a  larger  one,  with 
water  between.  Honey  melted  in  this 
way  requires  but  little  heat,  and  there 
is  no  danger  of  overheating,  thus 
avoiding  all  danger  of  spoiling  the 
flavor  and  color  of  the  honey. 

Rapid  City,  Mich.,  Mar.  7,  1906. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


297 


E.    T.     ATWATER. 


r/RIEND  HUTCHINSON,  your  edi- 
^  torial  on  page  240,  "Black  Brood 
and  Foul  Brood,"  prompts  mc  to  write 
a  few  lines  on  the  same  subject.  You 
say,  "Perhaps  we  may  as  well  begin 
to  call  the  latter  American  foul  brood, 
and  the  former  European  foul  brood,  as 
this  seems  to  be  the  decision  of  the 
majority  of  the  inspectors."  Please 
don't  be  in  a  hurry  about  it.  See 
Dadant's  exposition  of  the  subject  in 
August  23rd,  American  Bee  Journal. 
From  the  points  made  by  Mr.  Dadant, 
I  for  one  will  not  drop  my  old  belief 
that  the  foul  brood  of  Europe  and 
America  are  the  same.  You  know  that 
Capt.  Hetherington  said  "Black  brood 
is  twenty  times  worse  than  foul 
brood"  While  K.  W.  Alexander  says 
of  foul  brood  "It  is  as  much  worse  than 
black  brood  as  smallpox  is  worse  than 
measles,  I  don't  care  who  says  to  the 
contrary'."  Now  in  regard  to  the 
claims  made  by  Samuel  Simmins,  I 
have  often  thought  that  he  could  not 
have  the  same  disease  under  observa- 
tion that  is  such  a  nuisance  in  this 
country;  but  I  have  seen  at  least  a  lit- 
tle evidence  this  summer  that  leads  me 
to  think  that  there  may  be  no  differ- 
ence, and  that  the  Simmins-Alexander 
method  may  perhaps  under  some  con- 
ditons,  cure  leal  foul  brood. 

With  one  exception,  all  of  our  yards 
are  free  from  foul  brood,  but  in  one 
apiary  it  is  a  .somewhat  persistent 
factor.  This  summer,  duringthe  flow, 
the  diseased  colonies  were  shaken  onto 
foundation,  for  the  usual  method  of 
cure.  The  removed  brood,  with  a 
small  force  of  bees,  was  stacked  up 
three  to  five  stories  high,  on  a  new 
stand,  all  queenless.  In  about  a 
month    I  glanced    into   each  "tower," 


when,  to  my  surprise,  I  found,  in  the 
lop  story  of  each,  not  a  cell  of  diseased 
brood,  but  plenty  of  young,  healthy 
brood,  as  the  bees  had  reared  them- 
selves a  queen. 

Where  the  diseased  brood  had  been, 
I  found,  either  holes  in  the  comb,  or 
the  comb  torn  down  to  the  septum.  I 
at  once  called  my  assistant's  attention 
to  these  facts.  We  then  lifted  off  the 
top  stories,  but  the  diseased  matter 
had  not  been  cleaned  out  of  the  cells  in 
the  other  stories.  Perhaps,  if  the  col- 
onies had  been  very  strong,  they  would 
have  cleaned  out  all  combs  alike. 

I  shall  certainly  test  the  Simmins- 
Alexander  cure  if  the  disease  appears 
next  season,  using  a  small  brood-nest. 
If  this  methoJ  can  be  applied  before 
any  of  the  dried-down  scales  are 
covered  with  honey,  there  is  perhaps  a 
possibility  of  a  cure.  I  now  ^«orf  that 
you  are  mistaken  in  saying  that  the 
bees  can  "clean  out  the  cells,  if  they 
choose."  "The  bees  can't  clean  it 
out."  You  can  see  testimony  to  the 
same  eflfect  in  Gleanings,  1905. 

Are  you  correct  in  saying  that  both 
black  brood  and  foul  brood  can  be 
eliminated  by  shaking  oft"  the  bees  and 
allowing  them  to  build  combs  ?  Has 
there  not  been  reputable  testimony 
showing  that  the  methoii  is  not  reliable 
fur  black-brood  ? 

THE     PKOJLCCTING     ENDS     OF    HOFFMAN 
FRAMES. 

Seems  to  me  that  you  are  giving  the 
Hoffmann  frame  "worse  fits"  than  it 
deserves.  The  standard  thickness  of 
the  projection  of  the  top-bar  on  which 
it  hangs,  is  5-16  inch;  not  '4  inch,  and 
that  extra  l-l(j  inch,  is  a  "whole  lot" 
in  that  place.     Most  of    the  unspaced, 


298 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE^W 


thick  top-bar  frames  sold  have  the  pro- 
jection quite  as  thin  and  narrow  as 
the  Hoffman,  and  that  is  a  mistake,  as 
the  projection  should,  for  strength,  be 
full-width  of  the  top-bar  clear  to  the 
ends,  and,  for  our  own  use,  we  have 
them  so  made,  11 -lb  inch  wide  from 
end  to  end.  The  projection  on  our 
frames  is  5-16  thick,  1  1-16  wide,  and 
1  1-16  long,  and  is  of  course,  no  weaker 
than  the  same  size  projection  on  the 
plain  frame.  No  doubt  it  was  a  great 
mistake  to  make  the  standard  thickness 
of  top-bar  projection  only  5-16  inch, 
rather  than  Yi,  inch  (or  more)  as  it  was 
years  ago,  but  if  it  is  one  inch  to  1  1-16 
inchs  wide,  it  does  very  well  and  saves 
the  terrible  bother  of  two  thicknesses 
of  top-bar  projections,  with  its  bee- 
space  mix-ups,  you  must  admit  that 
the  Hoffman  frame  can  be  so  made  that 
it  will  have  "handles." 

I  have  used  both  kinds  of  frames  for 
years  and  expect  to  make  mostly  Hoff- 
man frames  for  our  own  use,  if  I  do  not 
adopt  the  Alpaugh  spacer,  as  illus- 
trated in  January  18th  American  Bee 
Journal.  The  Alpaugh  device  cer- 
tainly has  some  fine  points,  combining 
many  advantages  of  both  spacers  and 
non-spacers  and  eliminating  some  of 
the  faults  of  both.  I've  a  mind  to 
try  it. 

ALLEVIATING    THE      TORMENTS     IN     AN 
EXTRACTING   TENT. 

Your  account  of  extracting  in  a  tent, 
p.  231-232  is  about  right;  but  as  I've 
extracted  tons  and  tons  in  such  a  place 
of  torment,  I'll  tell  how  to  make  it  at 
least  a  little  nearer  comfortable. 

Your  idea  of  a  platform  in  the  tent, 
for  extractor  strainer,  etc.,  is  our  ar- 
rangement also,  but  we  eliminate  some 
of  the  faults  of  the  average  tent  by  first 
setting  up  a  rim  of  1  x  13  inch  boards, 
just  the  size  of  the  bottom  of  the  tent. 

The  tent  is  then  set  up  and  the 
lower  edge  of  the  tent  ia  held  to  the 
upper  edge  of  the  boards  by  means  of 
a  few  lath  and  shingle  nails.  This 
makes   the   room  a  foot   higher  inside. 


gives  more  roovi,  more  air,  and  by 
throwing  a  little  dirt  along  the  bottom 
of  this  foot-high  wooden  wall,  no  bees 
can  crowd  under  and  into  the  tent.. 

To  improve  the  ventilation  we  cut  a 
hole,  about  2x3  feet,  in  the  end  of  the 
tent  opposite  the  entrance,  and  over 
this  opening  is  attacked  a  window 
screen  fitted  with  bee-escapes. 

The  swarming  fever  among  your  col- 
onies was  certainly  easily  cured.  Not 
so  here,  this  season. 

IDAHO  HONEY  SO  THICK  AND  "GUMMY.' 

IT  won't  go    THROUGH 

CHEESE  CLOTH. 

Wish  3'ou  could  test  that  cheese-cloth 
strainer  (p.  268)  "in  this  locality." 
When  I  came  to  Idaho,  I  cut  the  bottom 
out  of  a  galvanized  tub,  and  soldered 
in  its  place  a  circular  piece  of  heavy 
wire  screen  with  '+  inch  mesh.  This 
tub  just  fitted  into  the  top  of  an  old  ex- 
tractor can.  Into  the  tub  I  put  a  piece 
of  wet  cheese-cloth,  and  filled  the  tub 
with  honey. 

Next  morning  half  of  it  had  run 
through.  There  is  a  principle  that  can 
be  utilized  with  fine  wire-cloth,  or  per- 
haps with  cheese  cloth,  that  I  think 
will  work  even  with  thick  gummy 
honey,  and  if,  after  testing,  it  proves 
satisfactory,  I  will  send  a  description, 
with  full  credit  to  the  inventor. 

Meridan,  Idaho,  Oct.  7,  1906. 

|I  remember  reading  the  article  by 
Mr.  Dadant.  It  was  well  written,  and 
fair  arguments  used,  but,  for  some 
reason,  it  did  not  convince  me  that  he 
was  correct  in  his  views.  I  /^wozf  there 
is  a  difference  between  the  so-called 
black  brood  and  our  old  fashioned  foul 
brood,  and  I  know  that  some  of  the 
things  said  by  Europeans  about  foul 
brood  do  not  apply  to  our  American 
variety.  Before  I  became  acquainted 
with  the  black  brood,  and  knew  it  was 
that  di.sease  to  which  the  Europeans 
had  reference,  their  assertions  and 
articles  were  decidedly  a  puzzle  to  me 
— now  they  are  clear. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


299 


In  all  of  my  experience,  I  never 
knew  bees  to  f^'et  rid  of  foul  brood 
scales  by  ciittln<^  out  portions  of  the 
cells,  but,  if  they  did  under  the  con- 
ditions you  mention,  it  is  well  to 
know  it. 

It  is  possible  that  shakinf;-  off  the 
bees  and  allowing-  them  to  build  new 
combs  may  not  always  free  them  from 
black  brood,  but  I  was  in  an  apiary 
of  60  colonies  last  summer  in  which 
this  plan  had  entirely  eradicated  the 
disease. 

Of  course  the  thicker  the  projecting 
end-bars  of  the  Hoffman  frames,  the 
less  likelihood  of  their  splitting  off, 
but  any  projecting  end-bar,  formed  by 
cutting  a  notch  in  a  thick  top-bar  is 
much  more   likely  to  split  off  than  is  a 


projecting-  end  not  so  formed.  A  plain, 
straight,  top  bar,  even  if  only  5-16 
thick,  will  not  break  nor  split  if  it  is 
the  same  thickness  the  whole  length, 
but  a  projectingend,  even  ^/i  thick,  will 
split  oft"  quite  easily'  if  formed  by  the 
cutting  of  a  notch.  That  notch  gives  it 
a  start.  When  we  jerk  on  the  project- 
ing end,  the  tendency  is  to  pull  the 
projection  loose  from  the  rest  of  the  top 
bar — when  there  is  no  notch  there  is 
nothing  to  pull  the  projection  away 
from.  This  is  the  weak  point  in  all 
thick  top  bars,  the  projecting  ends  of 
which  are  formed  by  cutting  a  notch. 

I  don't  want  thick  top  bars  with 
notches,  nor  self-spacing  arrangements 
— just  plain,  7-16  x  %  top  bars  without 
any  frills. — Ed.  Review.] 


Fotisuds  of  Honey  P^etalle* 
By  Oime  Manio 


H.    G.    AHLERS. 


MY  SALES  to  date  are  19,452  pounds 
all  extracted  honej'.  On  Sept. 
1st,  I  had  sold  12,367  lbs.  My  sales 
will  probably  exceed  50,000  lbs.  by 
April  1st — the  close  of  my  season. 

I  keep  each  customer's  name  on  a 
card  and  record  and  date  every  call. 
A  reliable  man  does  my  delivering  and 
calling.  Any  green  man  can  do  the 
work  with  the  record  before  him,  every 
card  and  order  placed  in  rotation.  All 
letters  are  copied.  I  still  use  the  old 
press.  Letters,  orders  and  receipts  are 
tiled  together,  alphabeticalh'.  When 
one  file  is  full  I  start  another. 

I  am  advertising  for  honey  in  Glean- 
ings, The  Review  and  The  Rural 
Bee-Keeper.  I  get  many  offers  of 
honey.  One  offer  I  credit  to  the  Re- 
view. All  the  remainder  were  received 
through  Gleanings,  although  I  offer 
7^c  at  my  station,  I  can  now  get  more 


clover  honey  than  I  can  use  at  7c. 

I  get  most  of  my  honey  from  the  S. 
W.  part  of  Wisconsin.  All  clover 
honey  is  partly  alsike.  I  have  had 
only  five  barrels  strict/y  white  clover. 

The  whole  secret  of  the  business  is 
to  advertise  properl}'  and  persistently. 
Suppl}'  3'our  customers  promptly  with 
the  very  best  honey,  and  keep  after 
them.  But  one  out  of  fifty  will  sit  down 
and  order  honey  by  mail. 

I  now  charge  a  sliding  scale;  a 
25-pound  tin  pail,  $2.75;  13-pound  tin 
pail  for  $1.50;  and  a  Mason  quart  jar 
for  40  cents. 

I  bought  2,000  13-pound  empty  pails; 
500  25-pound  pails  and  12  gross  of 
quarts,  and  I  shall  have  to  duplicate 
the  latter. 

I  would  remark:  A  German  ^.aper 
is  worth  five  times  as  much  as  an 
English    printed     one,  with   the   same 


300 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


number  of  readers.  The  Germans  are 
the  honey  eaters.  Bee-keepers  must 
cater  to  them. 

I  have  made  six  shipments  by  freight 
since  Sept.  6th.  The  largest,  240 
pounds;  eighteen  shipments  by  express 
since  July  5th.  The  largest  377  pounds 
to  Chicago.  I  have  shipped  to  Daven- 
port, Iowa,  St.  Ivouis,  Joliet,  Galves- 
ton, Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and 
Washington,  in  60-pound  cans  at  lO 
cts.  per  lb.  F.  O.  B.  I  have  shipped  to 
Sheboygan  25  pounds;  to  Watertown 
120  pounds.     Results  of  advertising. 


I  got  my  first  idea  from  "Success" 
and  then  The  Review  has  kept  stirring 
me  up. 

I  shi  "(iu  a  sample  by  mail.  This 
honey  was  drawn  from  the  tank.  I  am 
putting  up  2,000  lbs.  for  next  week  just 
like  it.  It  is  a  blend  from  three  ship- 
pers. Partof  the  honey  cost  7c.  Please 
write  me  and  tell  me  candidly  just 
what  you  think  of  it. 

I  have  98  colonies  of  bees  now.  My 
crop  was  scant  3,000  pounds  inferior 
honey. 

West  Bend,  Wis.,  Sept.  28,  1906. 


'V>^^f^l^.ft«^>c^<r^ 


.aa®ir^ 


ARTHUR    G.    MILLER. 


MR.  EDITOR:— You  are  usually  so 
clear  sighted  and  just,  that  I  am 
greatl3'  surprised  at  your  editorial  in 
the  September  number  on  "Co-opera- 
tion in  New  York,  etc."  As  you  are 
undoubtedly  aware  there  has  long  ex- 
isted among  many  members  of  the 
National  Association  a  feeling  of  dis- 
trust of  some  of  its  officials  and  a  re- 
sentment against  the  way  they  con- 
ducted its  affairs.  (How  far  this  was 
justified  does  not  this  moment  concern 
us.)  There  was  also  much  ill  feeling 
against  some  of  these  officials  as  in- 
dividuals on  account  of  their  real  or 
supposed  acts  in  the  conduct  of  their 
commercial  affairs.  In  attempting  to 
remedy  matters  in  either  the  society  or 
in  commerce  it  was  inevitable  that  the 
two  wouid  be  mixed,  as  the  action  was 
a"-ains^  the  same  individuals.  Ilence, 
we  find  the  bee-keepers  acting  simul- 
taneously on  co-operative  buying  and 
on  withdrawal  from  the  National. 
After  trying  to  make  the  National  more 
truly  an  organization  for  bee-keepers 
and  to  place  men  of  their  own  craft  in 


charge  of  it  they  decided  that  their 
only  remedy  was  withdrawal  from  it 
and  the  formation  of  a  new  body  com- 
posed exclusively  of  honey  producers. 
As  a  part  of  the  new  movement  they 
proceeded  to  mutual  help  in  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  prices  for  supplies.  The 
action  of  the  New  York  societies  in  this 
latter  feature  has  been  followed  by 
man}'  other  societies,  and  by  some  of 
them  independently  of  any  considera- 
tion or  mention  of  National  affairs. 
It  is  because  of  the  silence  of  part  of 
the  press  on  this  point  that  the  bee- 
keepers are  sore. 

As  for  conditions  in  the  National. 
You  say  "Not  one  in  a  thousand  of  the 
members  of  the  National  is  a  dealer  in 
supplies."  That  body  had  about  two 
and  H  half  thousand  members  and  a 
casual  glance  at  the  list  will  reveal  a 
score  or  more  of  dealers  among  them. 
But  the  bee-keepers  have  classed  with 
the  dealers  the  editors,  chief  and  de- 
partmental, and  other  employes  and 
close  associates.  Now,  if  you  will 
look  at  the  list  of  the   officers  you  will 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


JOl 


find  at  least  eig-ht  of  the  sixteen  belong 
under  that  classification  with  several 
others  doubtful.  Such  classification 
you  should  be  familiar  with.  To  talk 
about  these  men  dominating  the  society 
being  "folly,"  the  members  of  or  a 
large  body  of  them  at  least,  do  not 
think  it  fully,  evidence  of  which  you 
have  in  the  rapid  falling  off  of  member- 
ship. You  also  have  evidence  of  it  in 
the  matter  which  passes  between  offi- 
cers, which  rarely  comes  to  the  ears  of 
the  other  members.  For  obvious 
reasons  it  would  be  better  to  save  the 
old  society  than  start  a  new  one,  but 
if  the  old  is  to  be  saved,  radical 
changes  will  iiave  to  be  made,  both  in 
the  personnel  of  the  officials  and  in  the 
constitution.  From  all  over  the  land 
comes  evidence  of  the  feeling  that  the 
meeting  of  the  National  at  San  Antonio 
next  month  will  mark  the  beginning  of 
its  end  or  of  its  rejuvenation.  If  the 
former,  another  body  will  promptly 
take  its  place,  if  the  latter  you  will  see 
it  quickl}'^  regain  its  old  members  and 
grow  as  it  never  grew  before.  Let  us 
hope  it  will  be  the  latter. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  Oct.  3,  1906. 

[I  have  been  an  officer  of  the  Asso- 
ciation for  a  dozen  years  or  more,  I 
have  attended  nearly  all  of  the  conven- 
tions, I  have  been  about  all  over  the 
country,  I  have  received  letters  from 
hundreds  of  its  members,  yet,  never,  in 
all  this  time,  have  I  ever  heard  a 
whisper  that  there  was  any  feeling  of 
distrust  of  some  of  the  officials,  or  re- 
sentment against  the  way  they  con- 
ducted its  affairs.  I  was  aware  that 
there  was  a  whole  lot  of  kicking  be- 
cause of  the  uniformly  high  price  of 
bee  supplies,  but  I  never  heard  any 
complaint  that  the  manufacturers  and 
dealers  were  using  their  connection 
with  the  National  to  further  their 
private  interests. 

There  has  never  been  any  attempt  to 
change  the  character  of  the  National. 
The  members   have  never  tried  to  elect 


a  man  and  faile'^.     All  such  talk  is  the 
merest  balderdash. 

Two  or  three  years  ago,  when  +he 
officiary  of  the  National  was  more 
largely  dealers  than  it  is  nov,  some  of 
the  New  York  members  were  working 
night  and  day  to  increase  its  member- 
ship, n.)w,  when  most  of  these  dealers 
are  out  of  office,  these  same  members 
find  that  these  dealers  do  not  "conduct 
their  commercial  affairs"  to  the  liking 
these  members — when,  presto,  they 
jump  on  the  back  of  the  National  ! 
Blame  the  National  for  the  acts  of 
dealers  now  out  of  office  !  Could  any- 
thing be  more  unreasonable  ? 

A  labor  agitator  can  stir  up  a  body 
of  satisfied,  contented  workmen,  and 
induce  them  to  do  foolish  acts  that 
they  would  otherwise  never  have 
thought  of  doing;  so  a  few  bee-keepers 
in  New  York  can  stir  up  and  mislead 
a  lot  of  bee-keepers  who  would  other- 
wise remain  loyal. 

The  co-operation  of  the  New  York 
bee-keepers  in  buying  supplies  w  is 
praiseworthy,  and  as  I  have  stated  in 
previous  number,  I  should  have  been 
glad  to  have  heralded  the  movement 
had  it  not  been  coupled  with  asenselciss 
attack  upon  the  National.  As  it  was, 
it  seemed  to  me  an  act  of  charity  to 
drop  a  mantle  of  silence  over  the  whole 
business.  It  was  because  of  this 
silence  on  the  part  of  the  press  that 
Bro.  Miller  says  that  bee-keepers  are 
"sore."  Now,  I'll  tell  you  exactly 
what  I  think  :  When  those  two  or  three 
New  York  men  had  stirred  up  this  mat- 
ter, I  imagine  they  felt  as  a  pigmy  might 
feel  when  he  had  attacked  a  giant. 
They  expected  that  the  apicultural 
press  would  stand  aghast.  Not  a  word 
was  said,  and,  naturally,  they  felt 
"sore  "  If  any  of  my  readers  felt  sore 
because  of  my  silence,  I  wish  they 
would  let  me  know — remember,  too, 
that  I  am  not  thin-skinned. 

Then,  because  of  this  silence,  the 
journals  are  accused  of  keeping  still 
because  they    were  in  cahoots  with  the 


302 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


dealers.  This  taunt  broke  the  si-cnce. 
I  doubt,  however,  if  the  person  who 
made  this  fling-  really  believed  that  the 
Review  was  guilty  of  such  conduct. 
You  may  call  it  egotism,  or  call  it  what 
you  like,   but  I  don't  believe   there  is  a 


person  in  the  United  States  who  be- 
lieves that  the  Review  would  remain 
silent,  believing-  that  that  silence  would 
further  the  interests  of  supply  deal- 
ers, versus  those  of  producers. — Ed. 
Review.] 


;v^>:?V^| 


[Hits  ©Hi  Prepsiffi: 


HARRY    LATHROP. 


^IHE  preparation  of  bees  for  winter 
T^^  should  really  beg-in  at  swarming 
time,  by  the  careful  forethought  of  the 
bee-keerer  in  looking-  after  the  well- 
fare  of  cach  colony  to  see  that  it  has  a 
g-ood  queen,  and,  later,  in  saving- 
combs  of  honey  for  winter  stores. 
This  work  can  be  done  after  the  main 
honey  flow,  .  v^  the  best  time  to  do  it  is 
when  the  bees  are  easily  handled. 

In  most  cases,  here  in  Wisconsin, 
extracting  combs  must  be  left  on  the 
hives  for  the  bees  to  take  care  of  till 
about  the  middle  of  October,  because 
few  are  so  provided  that  they  can 
guard  against  the  ravages  of  the  moth. 

It  is  a  happy  chance  if  a  fall  flow  of 
honey  has  allowed  the  bees  to  gradu- 
ally fill  the  brood  chambers  as  brood 
rearing  ceases.  I  often  have  this  con- 
dition on  my  field's,  as  there  is  usually 
an  abundance  of  autumn  flowers,  such 
as  asters,  goldenrod,  sunflowers,  etc.; 
but  sometimes  these  flowers  fail  to 
yield  hone3'  owing  to  weather  condi- 
tions, and  then  October  finds  the  brood 
chambers  nearly  empty.  What  is  to  be 
done?  Change  combs,  slipping  below 
as  many  full  combs  of  honey  as  you 
can,  and  supplement  with  sugar  syrup 
fed  in  pans  or  crocks  in  the  upper 
story,  using  green  grass    or  excelsior 


to  keep  the  bees  from  drowning  in  the 
pans. 

If  some  of  the  extracting  combs  con- 
tain a  little  honey,  uncap  it  and  hang 
it  in  an  upper  story  over  a  colony  that 
needs  more  stores.  Place  a  carpet  or 
quilt  having  a  small  hole  in  it,  or  a 
corner  turned  back,  over  the  brood 
combs,  so  that  the  bees  will  carry 
down  the  honey.  Some  colonies  per- 
sistently stick  to  a  set  of  extracting 
combs  in  the  fall.  I  uncover  such  dur- 
ing a  cool  night  and  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, when  the  cluster  is  contracted, 
take  away  what  combs  I  can,  and 
repeat  the  operation  till  I  get  them  all 
off.  When  a  cool  spell  occurs  in  Octo- 
ber one  can  sometimes  strip  a  yard 
down  to  the  brood  chambers  verj' 
easily,  as  in  most  of  the  hives  all  the 
bees  will  be  below;  that  is,  if  queen  ex- 
cluders have  been  used,  and  I  always 
use  them. 

I  would  like  to  winter  a  good  many 
double  brood  chambers,  that  is,  two- 
eight  frame  stories,  the  upper  one  to  be 
nearly  solid  honeys  but  the^'  are  hard 
to  handle  and  take  up  too  much  room 
in  the  cellar. 

As  fast  as  the  combs  are  clean  and 
dry,  place  them  in  supers  and  stack  in 
a  safe  place.     They  may  be  stacked  in 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


30,i 


an  open  shed  if  the  job  is  well  done, 
and  each  pile  carefull}'  covered  and 
weig^hted.  These  combs  are  the  bank 
account  of  the  bee-keeper  and  on  them, 
and />/<f«A' of  them,  hangs  his  success. 
They  have  more  than  any  other  one 
thing  to  do  with  solving  the  question 
of  swarming.  The  editor  is  surel}'  on 
the  right  track  when  he  advocates  an 
abundance  of  extracting  combs.  I 
make  combs  and  buy  some  when  I 
have  a  chance,  but  never  sell  any.  The 
objection  has  been  made  that  it  is  too 
hard  to  protect  combs.  I  think  that 
part  is  all  easy  enough  if  one  under- 
stands them  as  well  as  he  does  bees. 
Let  the  bees  protect  the  combs  at  all 
times  except  during  cold  weather.  I 
think  many  of  us  are  coming  to  the  be- 


lief that  the  time  to  do  sprir,"  feeding 
is  to  do  it  the  fall  before,  bat  better 
late  than  never  will  hold  g.'od. 

The  approach  of  real  winter  should 
find  all  colonies  reduced  to  the  brood 
chamber,  well-covered,  entrances  con- 
tracted, and  all  ready  to  be  carried  in 
at  a  moment's  notice.  The  cellars  also 
need  attention,  I  always  sweep  them 
clean  in  the  spring  after  the  bees  have 
been  removed,  and  leave  them  so  they 
will  get  plenty  of  air  during  the  sum- 
mer. Before  time  to  put  the  bees  in, 
benches  should  be  made  ready.  By 
having  all  these  things  properly  done, 
putting  away  the  bees  may  be  made  a 
real  pleasure  instead  of  a  dreaded 
task. 

Bridgport,  Wis.,  Oct.  12th,  1906. 


%^'b-. 


^^^^^^'-^O^^ 


^'c^^A^^^^r*^^ 


s.siroi: 


ncappim 


T.    F.    BINGHAM, 


URIEND  HUTCHINSON,  I  read  the 
-L  knife-article  in  the  Review  yester- 
day. If  3'ou  will  correspond  with  Mr. 
Manley,  also  Mr.  W.  E.  Forbes,  you 
will  get  a  report  of  two  long  knives, 
that  I  made  for  them.  They  have  had 
them  to  use  two  summers,  and  can  say 
what  they  think  of  them.  At  their  re- 
quest, three  years  ago,  I  made  the  long 
knives — 9  inch  blade.  I  had  six  knives 
made,  and  sold  them,  and  have  had  no 
complaint.  So,  I  infer  they  were  sat- 
isfactory. 

But  in  Townsend's  idea  would  pre- 
clude the  use  of  such  a  knife  as  would 
serve  him,  being  used  pleasantly  by 
ordinary  bee-keepers.  Nine  inches 
would  not  be  long  enough  for  him. 
(Probably  he  knows  about  Mr.  Forbe's 
knife    as    they   live  near  each     other.) 


Mr.  Townsend's  figures  of  8J4  inches 
of  comb  surface  with  %  top  bar 
and  %  inch  bottom  bar  would  make  a 
net  width  of  95s',  add  to  this  the  ability 
to  "sea  saw,"  that  he  notes,  and  the 
blade  would  be  not  less  than  11|^  net, 
straight  edge,  on  the  two  sides  of  the 
blade.  What  would  answer  if  designed 
to  use  on  uneven  surfaces  (not  flat), 
would  occasionally  have  to  have  an 
oval  point,  and  be  J4  inch  longer — in 
all  a  12  inch  blade  sharp  all  the  way. 
One  feature  could  be  added  to  relieve 
this  long  blade;  the  shank  could  and 
should  be  made  straight,  like  any 
butcher  knife  used  in  a  meat  market. 
Such  a  handle  would  do  away  with 
the  flat-side  handle.  No  use  for  bent 
shanks  on  long  knives,  designed  to  cut 
only     cross-wise    of    combs.     Such    a 


30- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


straig^ht  long-  knife  woultl  be  r  success 
with  bee-keepers  who  use  wide  spacing^ 
of  frames.  If  the  idea  or  fact  could  be 
done  away-  that  not  all  combs  are  not 
level,  the  end  of  the  blade  could  be 
square,  and  so  do  riway  with  ^4  incli 
wasted  in  the  point,  the  curve  of  whicii 
is  of  no  use  except  in  concave  plans. 

I  liave  just  measured  the  first  Bing- 
ham knife  made,  ami  which  I  have  used 
ever  since  it  was  made,  about  30  years, 
and    which  cost   me  $2.50  to  make,  and 


it  measures  214  inches  net,  cutting- 
edge  and  is  2)^  inches  wide.  I  believe 
it  is  the  best  uncapping  knife  ever 
made     it  is  a  beauty. 

The  long-  knife,  of  course  would  cost 
more,  and  the  ]>ostage  would  be  more 
I  got  $1.00  each  for  the  lot  of  about  a 
dozen  that  I  had  made  9  inches  long. 
Please  ask  Messrs.  Manley  and  Forbes 
about  them. 

Fakwkm.,  Mich.,  Oct.  1,  l')00. 


««ifmrf»»'"  •»«»»»■»»«*■ 


•  ^«**^»"«««^**ir"  ■.»»t»*^-»*i«^^<*ir«  •*ii^it»*»«*««.«»*«««^«*»rf«  «.<i».»»<rj»^^rf^rf»i^«,^^^i«jf« 


Australia  is  really  beginning-  to  give 
the  bee-keepers  exclusive  control  of  bee 
pasture.  If  this  isn't  right,  7f/iy  isn't 
it? 

Alan  Irving  Root,  the  youngest  son  of 
E.  K.  Root,  appears  on  the  front  cover 
of  Gleanings  for  Oct.  1st,  as  a  laugh- 
ing baby  in  a  ""go-cart."  The  picture 
is  one  that  I  think  almost  any  one 
would  call  "cute." 

The  Ontario  Bee  Keepers'  Association 
will  hold  its  annual  convention  in 
Toronto  Nov.  7,  8  and  9.  This  will  be 
at  the  same  time  that  the  Ontario  Hor- 
ticultural Society  holds  its  annual  ex- 
hibition of  fruit,  flowers,  honey  and 
vegetables.  Single  fare  is  extended 
to  all. 

Arthur  C.  Miller  writes  me  that  the 
November  issue  of  the  American  Bee 
Keeper  will  have  an  editorial  urging 
the  "saving  of  the  National  (?)"  and 
stating^  conditions  fairly;  and  I  am 
looking  forward  with  interest  to  the 
perusal  of  said  article. 


Annexation  of  Cuba  is  a  very  remote 
possibility,  and,  even  if  it  should  come 
about,  E.  R.  Root  says  that  bee-keep- 
ers would  get  cheaper  sugar  to  feed 
their  bees;  possibly  the  sugar;  would 
be  so    cheap  as    to  put   glucose    out  of 


existence — but  then,  as  Mr.  Root  says, 
all  this  is  crossing"  liridges  before  we 
come  to  them. 

E.  W.  Alexander,  of  New  York,  says 
in  Gleanings:  "In  regard  to  running 
some  other  business  with  bee-keeping, 
I  must  say  that  I  don't  think  much  of 
it.  If  you  want  a  larger  income,  just 
add  one  or  two  hundred  more  colonies. 
I  don't  know  of  anything-  so  nice  to  go 
with  bee-keeping  as  plentj'  of  bees." 

Hive  Lifting  devices  may  yet  come  into 
use  in  the  large  apiaries.  I  hesitated 
to  tell  what  I  had  in  my  mind,  that  of 
a  miniature  "stump  puller"  for  lifting 
hives;  I  feared  that  it  might  cause  a 
laugh,  but  Gleanings  has  now  illus- 
trated three  devices  for  tliis  purpose. 
One  by  Mr  A.  K.  P^erris,  another  by 
Mr.  John  Bailey,  and  still  another  by 
Mr.  R.  F.  Holtermann. 

This  Issue  of  the  Review  has  t)oen  de- 
layed by  my  absence  in  Northern 
Michigan  preparingthe  bees  for  winter 
and  building  three  out-door  cellars  for 
wintering  the  bees.  I  hope  my  readers 
will  ])ardon  the  delaj',  ns  this  was 
work  that  could  not  be  neglected,  and 
now  I  can  turn  my  whole  attention  to 
the  Review  and  soon  have  it  caught  up 
again. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


60S 


"Fewer  Bees  and  better  care"  was 
the  subject  of  a  recent  article  in  the 
Review,  and  the  American  Bee  Journal 
considers  it  passinj^f  strangfe  that  such 
.in  article  should  appear  in  the  Review 
when  its  editor  preaches  the  doctrine 
of  "keeping'  more  bees  "  It  was  pub- 
lished simply  because  its  editor  believes 
in  beinj^  fair,  ami  showing  up  both 
sides. 


Gleanings  is  rapidly  becoming  a  "de- 
partmental" paper.  Dr.  Miller  has  a 
department  "Stray  Straws, "then  there 
is  "Bee-Keeping  Among  the  Rockies," 
by  J.  A.  (ireen;  "Conventions  with 
Doolittle;  '  "Facts  and  Fancies"  by  J. 
10.  Crane,  and,  perhaps  I  have  missed 
some,  and  there  has  lately  been  added 
"Notes  from  Canada,"  by  K.  F. 
Holtermann. 


An  Automatic  cover  for  comb  carry- 
ing boxes  on  a  wheel  barrow  is  one  of 
the  bandy  things  described  by  Wm. 
Lossing  in  Cileanings.  Pressure  by 
foot  on  a  treadle  raises  the  cover,  and 
a  coiled  wire  spring  returns  the  cover, 
when  the  pressure  is  released.  The 
arrangement  allows  the  use  of  both 
hands,  and  is  away  ahead  of  using  the 
ordinary  "robber  cloth." 

Localities  difler  greatly  only  a  few- 
miles  apart.  J.  A.  Green  tells  in 
Gleanings  of  g^reat  differences  in  this 
respect.  He  had  six  apiaries  the  past 
season,  and  the  poorest  and  best  were 
only  two  miles  apart.  He  says  there 
are  several  factors  in  the  problem  that 
he  has  not  j'et  worked  out,  but  he 
is  satisfied  that  it  is  a  great  deal  safer 
to  have  several  apiaries  than  only 
one. 

A  Special  Car  will  leave  Chicago  on 
the  forenoon  of  Nov.  (>ih  for  the  San 
Antonio  convention,  reaching  St.  Louis 
on  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  where 
several  bee-keepers  expect  to  join  the 
party.     The  round  trip  will  cost  S2.").0() 


for  the  railroad  fare  with  an  additional 
charge  of  $4.25  to  pay  for  a  berth  two 
nights.  For  further  particulars,  write 
to  (reo.  W.  York,  334  Dearborn  St., 
Chicago,  Ills. 


Requeening  colonies  in  the  easiest 
possible  manner,  says  J.  A.  Gre^n  in 
Gleanings,  is  that  of  giving  ripe  (jueen 
cells,  protected  b}'  a  West  cell-pro- 
trtctor.  No,  he  does  not  hunt  up  and 
remove  the  old  cpieens.  The  young 
queens  will,  in  many  cases  supersede 
the  old  ones;  and,  if  queens  are  kept 
clipped  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  know 
whether  the  old  (lueens  hive  been  sup- 
erseded or  not. 


Lazy  Bees  for  gathering  honey  are 
sometimes  very  sharp  at  robbing.  I 
have  referred,  in  one  or  two  places  in 
this  issue  to  a  strain  of  bees  that  we 
had  this  year  which  were  poor  workers; 
well,  when  we  took  off  the  supers  and 
stacked  them  up,  these  bees  were  the 
first  to  Hnd  the  honey  in  the  combs, 
and  to  carry  it  home.  They  would  be 
Hying  in  full  force  from  these  colonies, 
while  scarsely  a  bee  could  be  seen 
leaving  the  other  hives. 


A  Power  Driver  extractor  (one  driven 
by  a  gasoline  engine,  for  instance)  will 
secure  more  honey  because  the  con- 
tinued high  speed  empties  the  combs 
dryer.  It  might  be  said  that  the  honey 
goes  back  and  is  taken  out  by  the  bees, 
but  Mr.  J.  T.  Mclntyre  says  that  when 
there  is  much  drip  the  bees  are  improv- 
ident, and  eat  more  than  is  actually 
necessary  to  sustain  their  bodies. 
Then  the  use  of  power  really  takes  the 
place  of,  or  does  the  work,  of  one  man. 
A  man  can  uncap  a  set  of  combs,  put 
them  in  the  extractor,  start  the 
machine,  and  then  go  on  uncapping 
another  set  while  tlie  engine  is  running 
the  machine. 


Cleaning  Honey  Boards,  those  of  the 
wood-zincstyle,  is  something-  thatsome- 
times  needs  doing,  and  J.  A.  Green  says, 


306 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


in  Gleanings,  that  an  excellent  plan  is 
to  lay  the  boards  out  in  the  sun  until  the 
wax  and  propolis  are  thoroughlj'  soft- 
ened, then  scrape  both  sides  with  a 
sharp  metal  or  wood  scraper.  The 
scraper  must  be  narrow  enough  to  go 
between  the  slots.  He  says  the  metal 
scraper  is  pr-^ferable,  but  a  piece  split 
from  a  broken  section  will  answer  a 
very  good  purpose.  Keep  the  scraper 
perpendicjilar  to  the  zinc,  and  move  it 
rapidly  back  and  forth,  first  on  one 
side,  and  then  the  other. 


»^ii»'«.»^»^«.»» 


Railroads,  as  a  rule,  take  great  pains 
to  keep  their  "right  of  way"  free  from 
weeds  and  rubbish.  In  many  places 
quite  a  harvest  might  be  gathered  by 
the  bees  from  sweet  clover  growing 
along- railroads,  if  the  "section  hands" 
would  not  cut  it  down.  Gleanings 
says  that  an  organization  of  bee-keep- 
ers in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  requested  the 
railroads  to  allow  the  clover  to  stand 
while  in  bloom,  and  the  request  was 
granted  to  the  great  gain  of  the  bee- 
keepers. 

This  is  a  move  that  may  well  be  imi- 
tated  by  other    bee-keepers'  Associa- 


tions. 


»*it»««j<^«^»^r« 


Early  Cellaring  of  bees  is  desirable, 
for  the  saving  of  stores,  if  for  nothing 
else.  Mr.  L.  C.  Clark,  of  Hiawatha, 
Kans.,  writes  to  Gleanings  that  he  fed 
his  bees  sugar  syrup  in  the  fall, 
weighed  them  Oct  15th,  then  left  them 
out  of  doors  until  Jan.  1st.,  (11  weeks) 
and  during  this  time  they  consumed  an 
average  of  10  pounds  per  colony. 
They  were  then  placed  in  the  cellar, 
and  from  then  until  March  7th,  the 
consumption  was  only  1%  pounds. 

I  have  several  times  had  a  stack  of 
colonies  set  on  a  pair  of  &cales  when 
placed  in  the  cellar  for  winter,  and  the 
average  consumption  was  usually  only 
about  one  pound  of  honey  per  month. 


»^*^ii,»^;»»'*» 


Nails  of  the  right  size,  and  convenient 
to  hand,  are    an  important  part  of    the 


outfit  of  a  shop  or  honey  house.  When 
I  had  a  shop  I  had  a  box  a  foot  wide 
and  16  inches  long,  by  about  four 
inches  deep,  divided  into  four  compart- 
ments, with  a  handle  in  the  center. 
In  one  compartment  were  kept  ten 
penny  nails,  in  another  8's,  in  another 
6's,  and  in  the  other  lath  nails.  Then 
I  had  two  boxes  four  inches  wide,  two 
inches  deep  and  16  inches  long,  and 
each  box  was  divided  into  four  com- 
partments. Wire  nails  of  varying 
sizes  were  kept  in  the  boxes,  thus  I  had 
right  before  me,  at  all  times,  an  assort- 
ment of  a  dozen  different  sizes  of  nails, 
and  could  select  at  a  moment's  notice, 
the  kind  of  nail  exactly  suited  to  the 
work. 

Introducing  Queens  by  the  long  cag- 
ing process  is,  I  believe  a  mistake.  I 
have  recently  introduced  40  queens 
with  the  loss  of  only  one  queen — and 
that  was  a  very  populous  colony  of 
hybrids.  During  the  day  I  hunted  up 
the  old  queens,  and,  as  fast  as  they 
were  removed,  the  new  queens  were 
caged  (alone)  in  the  hives  in  cylindrical 
wire  cloth  cages  and  left  until  dark, 
when  they  were  all  released  \iy  putting 
soft  candy  in  the  ends  of  the  cages  and 
allowing  the  bees  to  eat  out  the  candy. 
My  brother  Elmer  says  he  has  been 
introducing  queens  all  summer  in  ex- 
actly the  same  way,  except  that  he 
allows  the  bees  to  release  the  new 
queen  at  once — simply  hunts  up  and  re- 
moves the  old  queen,  and  puts  in  the 
new  one  caged  with  the  opening  of  the 
cage  stopped  with  candj*  or  broken  up 
comb  honey.  He  has  not  had  a  loss. 
I  think  it  is  a  mis^akfe  to  allow  a  colony 
to  start  queen  calls'  before  releasing 
the  queen.  If  the  new^ -queen  is  re- 
leased soori  allter  the  removal  of  the 
old  one,  I  dou'jt  if  the  bees  scarcely 
realize  the  ch&nge.'  They  don't  have 
time  to  miss  'the  61d  one,  to  really 
know  that  she  is  gone,  and  when  they 
find  the  nfiw  ilne,  they  may  think  she 
is  their  owi;  real'mother. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS    REVIEW 


307 


A  Cider  Press  is  all  right  for  pressing- 
wax  out  of  slum  gum:  So  wr'tes  Mr. 
Louis  G.  Rickert,  of  St.  Thomas,  Vir- 
ginia. He  put  his  combs  into  a  burlap 
sack,  boiled  it  up  in  a  wash-boiler, 
then  put  the  sack  and  its  contents  into 
a  cider  press,  and  it  worked  to  a 
charm.  I  presume  there  are  few  bee- 
keepers who  have  acider  press  at  their 
disposal,  but,  for  those  who  have,  there 
is  no  need  to  make  a  wax  press. 

Selling  a  Crop  of  honey  at  a  good  price 
is  full3'  as  important  as  its  production. 
By  advertising,  and  sending  out 
samples  of  our  hone js  we  have  already 
sold  one-half  our  crop  at  from  one  to 
two  cents  more  per  pound  than  jobbers 
would  have  paid  for  it,  and  there  is  no 
question  but  that  the  rest  of  it  will  go 
at  the  same  advance  in  price. 

Of  course  it  costs  to  advertise  and  to 
send  out  samples,  but,  eventually  a 
list  of  customers  will  be  secured  that 
will  stand  ready  to  take  the  crop  each 
year.  Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend  has  been 
following  this  plan  of  selling  for  sev- 
eral 3'ears,  and  now  finds  it  unneces- 
sary to  do  much  advertising.  Old  cus- 
tomers don't  ask  for  samples— they 
know  what  the  honey  will  be.  Nearly 
all  of  his  hone3'  was  sold  (contracted) 
before  it  was  oflF  the  hives. 

I  see  some  ask  that  stamps  be  sent  for 
samples.  I  think  this  is  a  mistake. 
A  few  may  ask  for  siimple^^  not  expect- 
ing to  purchase,  but  on  the  other  hand, 
some,  after  seeing  and  tasting  the 
superior  quality  of  the  honey,  may 
order  when  the^'  did  not  intend  to 
order. 

And  this  brings  .ip  ar.olher  point  : 
This  plan  of  selliug  can  bo  made  a  suc- 
cess only  when  the  quality  of  the 
honey  is  leully  svperic.  .  You  must  be 
able  to  say  to  your  cus  omer,  and  show 
him  by  sample,  ti-at  nt  such  honey  can 
be  bought  in  the  open    iarJ;et. 

First  step,  honey  of  a  superior  qual- 
ity; second  step,  a  pr!  :e  in  proportion 
o  its  excellence;  then    judicious  adver- 


tising  that  will    reach  the   c'ass    that 
usually  gets  its  honey  of  the  jobber. 


<i»1i»»/i»»W^* 


Doolittle's  Advice  to  Lazy  People. 

It  has  been  said  repeatedly  that,  in 
order  to  succeed  in  bee-keoping,  one 
must  have  a  love  for  it;  if  there  is  no 
love  for  it,  better  get  ont  of  it  and  go 
into  something  for  which  there  is  a 
love,  but  Mr.  G.  M.  Doolittle  says,  in 
the  American  Bee  Journal,  that  thous- 
ands upon  thousands  don't  love  any 
calling  in  life.  I  fear  that  Bro.  Doo- 
little has  struck  upon  a  sad,  sober 
truth.  Some  folks  are  downright  lazy^. 
JFork  of  any  kind  is  distasteful  to 
them.  Such  people  are  unfortunate  in 
their  make-up,  aud  ought  to  be  encour- 
aged, by  all  possible  methods,  to 
"brace  up"  and  be  somebody'. 

Bro.  Doolittle  says  that  the  worst 
feature  of  the  matter  is  that  these 
people  keep  changing  from  one  thing 
to  another.  When  success  does  not 
crown  their  half-hearted  efforts,  they 
conclude  that  the^'  have  mistaken  their 
calling,  and  change  to  something  else 
which  gives  no  better  results;  and  so 
thej'  keep  on  changing,  until,  at  the  ?nd 
of  life,  the  whole  thing  has  been  a 
miserable  failure. 

Bro.  Doolittle's  advice  is  to  choose 
some  kind  of  calling,  and  then  stick  to 
it,  and  put  forth  enough  effort  to  make 
a  success  of  it;  and  he  thinks  the  choice 
may  as  well  be  bee-keeping  as  that  of 
Any  other  calling. 


1i»U»*^^»*»«« 


Advantages  of  the  Dadant  System  of  Ex- 
tracted Honey  t^roduction. 
Mr.  F.  W.  Lessler,  of  Syracuse,  New 
York,  in  a  private  letter  to  myself, 
says:  "From  the  experience  tliat  I  have 
had  with  out-apiaries,  I  should  use 
the  Dadant  hive  if  I  were  starting 
again.  About  all  there  is  to  do  is  to 
put  on  the  supers  and  take  off  the 
honey.  There  is  no  swarming  to  speak 
of  ;  no  excluders  are  necessary;  always 
plenty  of  stores  in  the  brood  chamber; 
good  wintering;  no   trouble  to  get    the 


308 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


bees  started  in  the  supers,  as  ther';  is 
above  an  excluder;  and  a  better  grade 
of  honey,  as  most  of  the  early  honey 
g^oes  into  the  brood  nest.  I  have  a  few 
hives  of  this  kind  in  which  I  have  not 
removed  a  comb  from  the  brood  nest  in 
two  years,  and  have  taken  about  100 
pounds  of  honey  from  each  hive  each 
season.  I  believe  that  this  is  the  hive 
and  the  system  for  the  man  who  has  to 
depend  upon  hired  help." 


^)>MrxPffm' 


Uniting  Bees. 

Often  in  the  fall  of  the  year  it  is  ad- 
visable to  unite  two  or  more  colonies 
into  one,  and  the  first  question  that 
comes  up  is  how  to  avoid  fighting- 
among  the  bees  that  are  put  together. 
As  I  have  never  had  any  trouble  from 
this  source,  perhaps  I  can't  help  much 
with  my  advice,  but  I  can  tell  how  I 
have  done  the  work  successfully.  Al- 
most invariably"  have  I  had  all  of  the 
bees  qiieenless,  except  one  colony,  and 
I  have  piled  the  hives  one  above  the 
other  for  two  or  three  days,  then  put 
the  best  combs  intoonehive,  and  shaken 
the  bees  from  the  other  combs. 
Often  I  have  hung  the  combs  of  bees 
side  bv  side,  mixing  them  up  promis- 
ciously,  and  have  had  no  quarrelling. 
If  those  subscribers  have  had  losses 
from  trying  to  unite  colonies  would  tell 
me  exactly  all  of  the  circumstances,  it 
is  possible  that  I  might  assist  them. 
Mv  bees  have  always  been  Italians — 
reuiemhpr  that. 

The  U.  S,  Chemical  Standard  for  Honey. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  at 
Washington  has  published  a  chemical 
standard  for  honey  which  reads  as 
follows: 

1.  Honey  is  the  nectar  and  sacch- 
arine exudations  of  plants  gathered, 
modified,  and  stored  in  the  comb  b^' 
honey  bees  ^Apis  mellilica  and  A. 
dot :ata);'\%  laevorotatory,  contains  not 
more  than  twenty-five  per  cent,  of 
water,  not  more  than  twenty-five  hun- 
dredths per  cent,  of  ash,  and  not  more 
than  eight  per  cent,  of  sucrose. 


2.  Comb  honey  is  honey  contained  in 
the  cells  of  comb. 

3.  Extracted  honey  is  honey  which 
has  been  sep.irated  from  the  uncrushed 
comb  by  centrifugal  force  or  gravity. 

4.  Strained  honey  is  honey  removed 
from  the  crushed  comb  by  straining  or 
other  means. 

As  honey  dew  is  often  gathered  in 
varying  quantities,  the  following  sup- 
plementary statement  was  added  : 

The  standard  does  not  in  an^'  way 
exclude  small  quantities  of  honej'  dew 
from  honey.  We  realize  that  bees  often 
gather  small  quantities  of  honey  dew 
that  cannot  be  detected  in  the  finished 
product  by  chemical  means,  and  does 
not  dama.t'e  its  quality.  It  is  only 
when  rel.itively  large  amounts  are 
gathered  that  the  quality  of  the  honey 
is  impalrcil,  and  it  fails  to  meet  the  re- 
quirements of  the  standard.  It  is  gen- 
erally agrees  that  such  a  large  amount 
of  honej'-dew  is  injurious  to  the  quality 
of  the  produ(  t,  which  can  not  then  be 
properly  regirded  as  honey. 


*^«X«Tt«'»1i^^^ 


No  Danger  of  the  Fall  Honey  Going  Into 
the  Supers  in  the  Spring. 

The  American  Bee  Journal  takes  up 
this  subject,  quoting  from  the  Canadian 
Bee  Journal  an  item  in  which  there  is 
an  attempt  to  show  that  there  is  danger 
of  sugar  fed  in  the  fall,  or  of  dark 
honey  getting  into  the  sections  the  fol- 
lowing sprin,';  This  matter  was  first 
started  by  the  American  Bee  Journal 
advising  bee  keepers  to  leave  plenty  of 
sealed  comt'S  of  dark  honey  in  the 
brood  nest  in  the  fall,  arguing  that 
such  combs  <jf  dark  honej'  would  be 
the  equal,  pound  for  pound,  the  next 
season,  witli  light  hone3'. 

Then  the  K'eview  took  up  the  matter, 
and  suggest'Hl  that  bee-keepers  notice 
next  spring  how  much  of  this  dark 
honey  went  up  into  the  sections.  This 
was  done  hecause  there  has  such  a 
hullabaloo  been  raised  against  the 
feeding  of  sugar  for  winter  stores,  for 
fear  some  of  the  sugar  might  be  carried 
up  into  the  sections  the  next  spring.  I 
wanted  them  to  notice  that  the  dark 
honey   was    not   carried    up,  and,  con- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


309 


sequently,  siii^ar  would  not  be  carried 
up. 

The  American  Hee  Journal  handles 
the  matter  very  fairl>  and  conserva- 
tively; and  decides  that  the  chanj^^e  is 
"very  remote. " 

More  than  once  have  my  winter  stores 
been  larjjely  buckwiieat,  yet  never  has 
there  been  an  ounce  of  the  buckwheat 
appeared  in  the  sections  the  following- 
season.  Last  spring-  we  even  put  full 
combs  of  buckwheat  honey  in  the  brood 
nests  of  some  of  the  hives,  onlj'  a  short 
time  before  the  opening-  of  the  honej' 
harvest,  yet  none  of  it  ever  showed  up 
in  the  supers. 

I  greatlj'  doubt  if  supers  are  ever 
filled  in  the  slig/iiesf  degree,  with  any 
honey  not  gathered  during  the  harvest 
3'ear. 


•nj^««jr«-«**« 


Give  the  Supply  Dealers  and  Editors 
Due  Credit. 

In  the  article  by  Arthur  C.  Miller  it 
will  be  noticed  that  he  not  onl3'  classes 
editors  with  thesnpplj-  dealers,  as  men 
who  should  have  no  voice  in  the  affairs 
of  the  National,  but  departmental  edi- 
tors, emploj'es  and  even  "close  associ- 
ates" of  editors,  ought  to  be  counted 
out.  I  wonder  if  even  correspondents 
and  subscribers  of  bee  journals  will 
not  3'et  be  asked  to  keep  out  I  Seri- 
ously, I  am  at  a  loss  to  know  why  edi- 
tors should  be  classed  in  this  manner 
with  manufacturers  and  dealers.  I 
can  understand  that  dealers  wish  to 
sell  supplies  at  a  high  price,  and  that 
producers  of  honey  wish  to  buj'  them 
at  as  low  a  price  as  possible,  but 
where  does  the  editor  come  in  ?  His 
sympathies  must  ever  be  with  his  sub- 
scribers. True,  a  portion  of  his  in- 
come is  derived  from  the  adver- 
tisements of  dealers,  but  a  verj'  small 
portion,  indeed,  compared  to  that  from 
subscriptions. 

It  is  possible  that  an  association  of 
honey  producers  would  better  confine 
their  officiary,  yes,  and  their  member- 
ship, to  those  who  are  producers  only, 


but,  when  the  National  does  this,  I 
most  respectfully  ask  that  the  past  ser- 
vices, efforts  and  contributions  of  sup- 
pl3'  dealers  and  editors  be  acknowl- 
edged and  recognized.  Without  such 
assistance  from  these  tabooed  classes, 
the  National  would  have  been  pretty 
small  jiotatoes. 

Difference  in  Stock. 

In  the  past  I  have  had  much  to  say 
regarding  the  importance  of  good  stock, 
but  we,  brother  and  I,  have  had  a  very 
vivid  illustration  along  this  line  the 
past  season.  In  two  yards  we  had  a 
chance  to  compare  two  strains  of  bees, 
and,  whatever  the  bees  of  one  strain 
may  have  been  in  the  past,  they  fell 
behind  this  year.  When  making  the 
first  examination,  after  moving  the 
bees,  Elmer  found  the  colonies  of  this 
strain  reallj' more  populous  than  those 
of  the  other  strain,  and  they  have  re- 
mained so  during  the  entire  season, 
but  have  fallen  far  behind  in  the 
amount  of  surplus  stored.  In  the 
buckwheat  harvest,  great  masses  of 
these  bees  would  loaf  on  the  outside  of 
the  hives,  with  plenty  of  emptj'  combs, 
and  the  other  strain  of  bees  were 
bringing  in  honey  hand  over  fist.  The 
management  was  the  same  with  both 
lots  of  bees. 

In  another  ajiiary  this  same  strain 
of  bees  did  not  store  more  than  half  as 
much  honey,  although  really'  more 
populous,  and  given  the  same  manage- 
ment as  the  other  strain. 

I  am  requeening  this  strain  of  bees 
this  fall,  mostly  with  queens  from  J.  P. 
Moore,  and  next  year  I  shall  expect  to 
see  the  results. 


■  <*^*H*»«^1i» 


Building  Cheap  Cellars. 

My  brother  Elmer  and  myself  now 
have  on  the  ground  the  material  for 
building  tvN'o  cellars  for  wintering  bees 
in  Northern  Michigan. 

Here  is  our  plan  for  building  them: 
First,  plow  and  scrape  and  dig  out  the 
excavation  in  a  sandj-  hill  side.     Then 


3l0 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


set  up  cedar  posts  about  three  feet  apart 
and  board  up  with  cheap  hemlock  lum- 
ber on  the  outside  of  the  posts.  For  a 
roof,  first  spike  2x6  scantling'to  the  tops 
of  the  posts,  that  is,  let  one  scantling' 
extend  across  the  cellar  from  the  top  of 
one  post  to  a  post  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  cellar.  Nail  cheap  lumber  to  the 
under  side  of  the  2x6  joists,  and  cover 
the  fioor,  to  the  depth  of  a  foot,  with 
dry  sawdust.  Put  a  peaked  roof  of 
cheap  lumber  over  the  sawdust  to  keep 
it  dry-  Have  the  gfableendsof  the  roof 
made  of  lumber  to  keep  out  the  snow. 
Leave  an  opening'  two  feet  square  in 
the  center  of  the  floor.  This  will  allow 
the  dampness  to  pass  off.  Have  a 
double  door  at  the  lower  end  of  the 
cellar.  The  bottom  of  the  cellar  at  this 
end  will  be  level  with  the  ground  out- 
side. 

Now  then,  the  roof,  sawdust  and 
joists  will  remain  sound  indefinitely, 
and  can  be  moved  away  and  used  in 
some  other  location  if  so  desired.  The 
posts  and  sand  walls  will  last  several 
years,  long  enough  to  enable  us  to  de- 
cide whether  we  are  to  occupy  the 
location  permanently ;  in  which  case, 
we  will  simply  board  up  inside  the 
posts,  filling  the  space  between  the  two 
walls  with  a  cement  mortar,  when  we 
will  have  permanent  walls. 

This  plan  allows  us  to  build  a  cellar 
very  cheaply,  yet  to  save  and  use  most 
of  the  materials  in  case  there  is  a 
change  of  location.  If  there  is  no 
chang'e,  then  a  little  additional  expense 
will  make  a  permanent  establishment 
out  of  it. 

If  we  are  making  a  mistake  any- 
where please  write  us  at  once. 


Burying  Bees. 

A  subscriber  asks  me  to  give  the  best 
plan  for  wintering  bees  in  pits. 

The  first  requisite  is  a  sandy  hill- 
side. Clay  is  death — don't  attf  mpt  it 
if  the  soil  is  not  sandy  and  dr^. 

Dig  a  trench  several  inches  largt- 
each  way   than  the  hives,  and    several 


inches  deeper  than  the  hives.  Lay 
down  poles  or  scantling  to  set  the  hives 
on.  The  hives  ought  to  be  up  at  least 
six  or  seven  inches  above  the  bottom  of 
the  trench,  and  the  top  about  even 
with  the  surface  of  the  earth,  lay  poles 
across  the  trench,  then  some  more  poles 
lengthwise  of  the  trench,  on  top  of  the 
poles  first  put  on,  and  cover  all  with  a 
foot  of  straw,  then  shovel  on  the  earth 
to  the  depth  of  about  18  inches. 

Better  have  the  pits  extend  up  and 
down  the  hill,  then  there  will  be  no 
opportunity  for  the  water  to  stand  on 
them. 

There  is  no  need  whatever  of  putting 
in  any  ventilation,  as  I  have  proven  by 
repeated  experiments. 

I  leave  ofli^  the  bottom  to  the  hives  and 
raise  the  covers  a  little  crack,  putting 
a  piece  of  section  honey  box,  or  some 
other  thin  slip  of    wood  to  hold    up  the 


•A«»««^^«^«^» 


Provisional  Program  of  Inspectors' 
Meeting, 

San  Antonio,  Texas,  November  12,  1()06. 

Demonstration  of  Biicteria  of  Bee  Dis- 
eases  

Dr.  G.  F.  White,United  States  Dept. 

of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

History  of   Bee  Disease  Inspection    in 

Wisconsin 

N.  E.  France,  Inspector  of  apiaries 
for  Wisconsin,  Platteville,  Wis- 
consin. 

General  Discussion  of  Existing  Bee 
Disease  Laws  An  Examination  of 
Laws  Now  in  Force  and  Sugges- 
tions for  Most  Effective  Legislation 

The    Introduction    of     European     F^oul 

Brood  into  Michigan 

W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Inspector  of    apia- 
ries for  Michigan,  Flint,  Michigan. 

The  Inspection  of  European  Foul  Brood 

in  New  York 

Charles  Stewart,  Inspector,  3rd  Dis- 
trict of  New  York,  Sammonsville, 
New  York, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


311 


Foul  Brood  on  the  Pacific  Coast 

F.  A.  Parker,  former  Inspector, 
Santa  Barbara  County,  Lompoc, 
California. 

The  Present    Status  of    the    Investig^a- 

tion  of  Bee  Diseases 

Dr.  E.  F.  Phillips,  United  States 
Dept.  of  Ag^riculture,  Washinj;:-- 
ton,  D.  C. 

Reports  of  Inspectors  from  the  various 
States  and  Counties  on  the  Pro- 
gress of  Inspection. 

This  program  is  subject  to  such 
changes  as  may  be  necessary  but  it 
will  indicate  the  character  of  the  meet- 
ing. All  persons  interested  in  Bee 
Disease  Inspection  are  urged  to  attend. 
A  number  of  persons  prominent  in  this 
work  have  agreed  to  be  present. 
Respectfully  yours, 

E.  F.  Phillips, 
Acting  in  Charge  uf  Apiculture. 

Open-Air  Feeding  Allows  of  the  Opening 

of  Hives  and  the  Handling 

of  Combs. 

It  has  been  reported,  several  times, 
that  the  feeding  of  bees  in  the  open  air, 
would  allow  of  the  opening  of  hives, 
and  the  handling  of  combs  during  a 
scarcity  of  honey.  As  such  feeding 
stirs  up  and  excites  the  bees,  and  sets 
them  to  trying  to  rob  other  hives,  it 
seems  quite  natural  to  suppose  that  it 
would  only  make  matters  worse  for 
the  be  J- keeper  who  wished  to  open 
hives. 

It  might  make  it  worse  at  first,  but, 
after  the  bees  have  found  the  feed,  it 
keeps  them  away  from  hives  that  are 
being  opened. 

At  one  of  our  Northern  apiaries  there 
is  no  honey  house,  and  we  were  wait- 
ing until  one  was  built  before  remov- 
ing the  supers,  but  there  were  so  many 
delays  that  it  was  decided  they  must 
come  o£f  at  once.  Perhaps  half  of  them 
were  taken  off  before  the  bees  found 
the  combs  and  got  ready  to  work  carry- 


ing out  the  honey.  The  work  was  then 
advanced  until  the  next  day,  when  the 
remainder  were  removed,  and  the  combs 
looked  over,  and  those  containing  the 
most  honey  put  back  in  the  hives;  but 
the  point  I  wish  to  mention  is  that  the 
bees  did  not  trouble  the  operation. 
Combs  of  honey  could  be  left  standing 
against  a  hive,  and  scarcely  a  bee 
would  come  near  them — they  were  all 
busy  cleaning  out  the  supers  where 
they  had  commenced  work  the  day 
before.  Half  a  day's  work  was  put 
in  with  as  little  disturbance  as  there 
would  have  been  in  a  honey  flow. 

I  am  thoroughly  convinced  that  out- 
door feeding,  if  long  continued,  will 
bring  about  such  a  condition  that  bees 
may  be  handled,  in  time  of  scarcity, 
with  as  little  molestation  as  during  a 
honey  harvest. 


»»»»»,w»^«n«« 


Program  for  the  National  Convention. 

The  National  Bee-Keepers'  Associa- 
tion will  hold  its  annual  convention, 
November  8,  S)  and  10,  in  the  Market 
hall  in  San  Antonio.  Texas.  The 
Grand  Central  Hotel  will  be  head- 
quarters for  bee-keepers.  This  is  a 
new  hotel  and  has  100  rooms,  and  there 
will  be  a  special  rate  to  bee-keepers  of 
50  cts  a  berth,  and  25  cts.  a  meal. 

Thursday,  Nov.  8th,  is  bee-keepers' 
day  at  the  fair,  and  so  advertised  by 
the  fair  Association. 

During  the  last  few  meetings  the 
program  has  been  rather  overloaded 
with  papers,  and  the  question  "box,  the 
most  valuable  part  of  a  convention  has 
been  almost  crowded  out,  and  this  time 
I  determined  to  remedy  that  difficulty. 

FIRST  DAY — FIRST  SESSION. 

The  first  session  will  be  on  the  even- 
ing of  Thursday,  Nov.  8th,  beginning 
at  7:30,  and  will  consist  of  the  recep- 
tion of  members,  paying-  of  dues,  dis- 
tribution of  badges  and  numbers,  and 
the  opening  of  the  question  box. 

SECOND   DAY — FIRST  SESSION. 

9:00  a.  m.     A  paper  by  E.  D.  Town- 


312 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


send,    Remus,    Mich.,  on   "The    Profit- 
able Production  of  Ivxtracted   Hone}'." 

Question  Box. 

SF.COND    DAY  -SKCOND  SI'S.SION. 

1:30  p.  m.  A  paper  by  R.  F.  Holter- 
mann,  Brantford,  Ont. ,  Canada,  on 
"The  I )it1erenco  Between  Kipeninj,'' and 
Evaporating''  Nectar." 

Ouestion  Box. 

SECOND  DAY — THIRD  .SR.SSION. 

7:30  p.  m.  A  ]);iper  by  Dr.  E.  F. 
Phillips,  of  Washington,  D  C,  on 
"What  Science  May  do  for  Bee-Keep- 
in-,^" 

Question  Box. 

THIRD  DAY— FIRST  SF.SSION. 

9:00  a.  m.  A  paper  by  W.  H.  Laws, 
Boeville,  Texas,  on  "The  Comparative 
Profits  of  Queen  Rearinj^  and  Honey 
Production". 

Question  Box. 

THIRD  DAY — SKCOND  SIvSSlON. 

1:30  p.  m.  A  paper  by  C.  A.  Hatch, 
Richmond  Center,  Wis.,  on  "How  can 
the  National  Assist  its  Members  in 
Buying  Goods  and  Selling  Honey  V" 

Question  Box. 

Adjournment. 

W.  '/..  Hutchinson,  Sec. 

Producing  a  Crop  of  Honey  and  SellinK 
It  at  a  Good  Price. 

Twenty  thousand  pounds  is  the 
amount  of  honey  produceil  this  year  by 
m3'  brother  and  myself.  This  is  not 
half  what  it  ought  to  have  been,  anti 
probably  will  be,  in  a  good  season. 

The  white  honey,  clover  and  rasp- 
berry, has  all  been  sold,  for  spot  cash, 
right  on  the  ground,  at  8  and  H'i  cts  a 
pound,  and  customers  are  calling  for 
"more."  We  are  returning  money 
now  ahnost  every  day.  Then  there 
were  (),0{)0  pounds  of  buckwheat  honey 
which  is  now  moving  off  quite  freely 
at  6  cts. 

By  the  way  there  is  just  as  much  dif- 
ference between  ripe    and  green    buck- 


wheat iioney,  as  there  is  in  clover  or 
any  kind  of  honey.  Our  buckwheat 
honey  was  left  on  the  hives  until  it  was 
all  sealed  over,  and  is  ripe,  rich  and 
smooth  as  much  different  from  the 
strong,  rank  "green"  stuff  usually 
foimd  on  the  market,  as  can  be  im- 
agined. 

I  don't  doubt  that  honey  can  be 
evaporated  artificially,  but  evaporation 
is  not  curing  or  ripcnivg.  The  bees 
put  nectar  through  a  process  that  really 
works  a  change  in  its  character — in 
fact  I  am  coming  to  believe  that  the 
finishing  touch  is  not  put  on  until  the 
combs  have  received  their  coat  of 
"varnish"  over  the  cappings.  Comb 
honey  removed  from  the  bees  as  soon 
as  sealed  over,  never  has  the  "finish" 
of  the  extracted  honey  of  mine  that  was 
left  on  the  hives  a  month  after  it  was 
sealed  over. 

Without  the  finish  this  real  superi- 
ority, it  would  be  impossible  to  sell 
honey,  as  we  have  been  doing,  at  a  cent 
and  a  half  above  the  market  price. 
Time  and  again,  this  f.dl,  has  some 
man  written  that  our  price  was  too 
high  :  "Why,  I  can  buy  any  quan- 
tity of  clover  hone}',  at  6  and  7  cts, 
delivered,"  is  the  way  they  would 
write,  yet  wdien  they  received  a  sample 
of  tf«/' honey,  they  would  plank  down 
the  S'j  cts.  and  pay  the  freight.  Do 
you  suppose  they  would  do  this  if  it 
were  not  really  superior  ? 

The  foundatitm  atid  the  corner  stone 
of  selling  honey  .above  the  market  price 
are  the  production  of  a  superior 
article.  Without  this  you  may  just  jis 
well  send  your  honey  away  to  some 
jobber  and  take  what  he  will  give  you 
for  it.  First  produce  a  good  article — 
away  up — thick,  ripe,  rich,  smooth  and 
irresistible. 

Let  me  give  an  illustration  :  I  make 
no  effort  whatever  to  retail  honey  at 
the  house.  I  scarcelj'  know  why;  per- 
haps it  is  because  we  don't  want  to  be 
bothered  with  people   running  in  at  all 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


313 


hours  for  little  dabs  of  honey.  If  they 
do  come  after  it  wo  let  them  have  it, 
but  we  take  no  pains  to  encourag"e  the 
habit.  Well,  one  of  our  married 
dauj^hters  had  some  of  this  fine,  well- 
ripened  raspberry  honey  on  her  table, 
and  a  neighbor  who  was  in  was  given 
a  taste  of  it.  The  next  day  this  neigh- 
bor's little  boy  came  up  with  a  pail 
after  some  of  that  "splendid  honey." 
Then  this  neighbor  had  a  neighbor  and 
she  was  given  a  taste  of  the  honey,  and 
the  little  boy  was  sent  up  again  for  an- 
other pail  full  for  the  neighbor.  It 
seems  that  the  man  at  the  neighbor's 
iiouse  was  a  barber,  and  he  talked 
about  the  honej'  at  the  shop  until  the 
proprietor  sent  up  for  a  can  of  it. 
When  it  reached  the  shop,  every  barber 
had  to  have  <'i  taste,  and  then  everj'  one 
must  have  a  jar  of  it,  and  where  this 
endless  chain  will  end  I  don't  know. 
All  this  happened  here  in  Flint,  where 
honey  both  comb  and  extracted,  can 
be  bought  almost  any  da^'  at  nearly  all 
tlie  groceries.  But  it  seems  that  the 
hone^'  is  simply  irresistible,  it  will 
sell  itself. 

Now,  if  you  wish  to  be  able  to  sell 
hone}'  for  a  cent,  or  two  cents,  above 
the  market  price,  raise  this  kind  of 
hone}',  and  all  you  have  to  do  is  simply 
Kt  it  stay  on  the  hives  until  it  is  ripe. 
II"  you  have  so  few  combs  that  3'ou  are 
obliged  to  extract  in  order  to  give  the 
bees  room,  it  is  not  likely  that  you  will 
produce  very  much  of  this  high  grade 
hone}'.      You  must  have  plenty  of  empty 


combs.  If  you  haven't  got  tliem,  s^i 
them,  that's  the  first  stej). 

One  other  point  :  Don't  let  this  line 
honey  stand  around  in  open  vessels  ex- 
posed to  the  air,  and  thus  lose  its 
delicate  aroma  the  heart  and  soul  of 
honey.  Strain  it  right  from  the  ex- 
tractor and  run  it  into  air  tight  recept- 
acles at  once,  and  close  it  up  from  tl  e 
air. 

After  yon  have  produced  a  crop  of 
this  superior  honey,  don't  imagine 
that  your  work  is  done.  People  can't 
buy  it  unless  they  know  you  have 
got  it.  You  will  have  to  advertise,  and 
advertise  liberally  at  first,  and  send 
out  samples  freely.  People  prefer  to 
see  a  sample  of  the  goods  before  thej' 
buy.  This  will  cost  something,  but, 
gradually,  you  will  build  up  a  list  of 
customers  who  will  come  to  you  year 
after  year,  and  they  won't  ask  for 
samples  eitiier.  If  3'ou  say  the  honey 
is  the  same  as  last  year,  they  will  be- 
lieve you. 

Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend  has  been  selling- 
honey  in  this  way  for  several  years, 
and  now  finds  little  need  of  advertising: 
in  fact,  much  of  his  honey  was  con- 
tracted this  year  before  it  was  off  the 
hives. 

The  principles  of  success  can  be 
stated  in  a  few  words  :  Raise  a  big^ 
crop  of  good  honey  at  a  low  cost,  and 
sell  it  at  a  high  price.  Simple  isn't 
it  ?  Yet  it  covers  the  whole  ground. 
How  to  do  this  is  what  the  Review  is 
doing  its  utmost  to  teach  vou. 


THE  CAUCASIANS, 


How  They  are  Regarded  Thus  Far 
by  the  Roots. 


The  bee-keeping  world  is  still    inter- 
ested    in    the    Caucasians.       Whether 


they  will  yet  be  very  generally  adopted 
is  very  imcertain.  The  Roots  have 
been  trying  them  quite  extensively  this 
season  and  here  is  what  they  have  to 
say  regarding  them  : 

As  our  rtaders  possibly  know,  Mr.  I. 
T.  Shumard,  of  Osprey,  Fla.,  is  rear- 
ing for  us   Caucasian  queens  from  our 


314 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


imported  Caucasian,  on  Casey  Island, 
off  the  west  coast  of  Florida.  This 
island  has  been  thororighly  Caucas- 
ianized;  and  to  insure  a  more  perfect 
matinf^,  the  bees  across  on  the  main- 
land, some  two  or  three  miles  distant, 
are  also  being  Caucasinized.  From 
time  to  time  Mr.  Shumard  has  been 
sending  us  some  of  these  queens. 
These  we  have  been  placing  in  our 
home  apiary  to  test  out  their  character- 
istics before  we  make  a  general  busi- 
ness of  selling  them. 

As  previously  reported  we  find  they 
are  ver\'  gentle,  but  only  slightly  more 
so,  if  any,  than  our  select  Italians. 
The  are  slightly  more  nervous  when 
the  hive  is  just  opened,  appearing  as 
if  they  would  offer  attack.  Italians  on 
the  other  hand,  will  usually  show  no 
difference  in  their  general  actions, 
scarcely'  showing  a  nervous  movement. 
But  the  Caucasians  apparently  are  not 
excited  because  their  owner  has  opened 
the  hive,  but  because  they  are  alert  to 
discover  robbers.  The  minute  one 
poises  on  the  wing,  a  Caucasian  will 
jump  at  it,  and  lucky  is  Mr.  Robber  if 
he  gets  away  without  a  rough-and- 
tumble  fight.  The  Caucasians  are 
splendid  defenders  of  tlieir  homes — no 
question  about  that,  at  least  judging 
from  the  strain  we  have.  This  very 
trait  would  indicate  that  in  their 
native  haliiat  they  may  be  com- 
pelled ta  put  up  a  strong  resistence 
against  tlieir  own  race.  At  all  events, 
the  Caucasians  in  our  apiary  seem  to 
be  the  first  ones  to  rob.  We  have  about 
thirty  colonies  of  them,  and,  before  the 
Italians  know  what  is  up.  the  Caucasi- 
ans, which  can  readily  be  distin- 
guished by  their  color  and  markings, 
are  ready  to  sieze  on  to  the  first  sweets 
in  sight.  Our  Mr.  W'ardell  reports 
that  if  there  is  any  robbing  going  on  it 
often  happens  that  there  are  nothing 
but  Caucasians  at  it,  notwithstanding 
there  are  about  ten  times  as  many 
Italians  in  the  apiary. 

They  are  active  cell  builders,  and 
for  queen-breeding  purposes  they  are 
better  than  Italians. 

They  are  excessive  propolizers, 
chinking  wads  of  gum  in  the  corners 
of  the  frames  almost  as  large  as  one's 
two  thumbs. 

As  to  the  amount  of  honey  they  will 
gather  as  compared  with  Italians,  they 
easily  hold  their  own.  Indeed,  some 
colonies  of  them  run  a  little  ahead  of 
the  yellow  bees. 

In  color  markings  they  are  rather 
pretty.       Instead      of      having      dirty, 


muddy,  indistinct  ring  like  old-fash- 
ioned black  bees,  the  rings  are  quite  a 
pronounced  silver  gray.  The  bees  as 
as  a  whole  do  not  look  quite  so  bril- 
liant as  Carniolans,  as  in  this  latter 
race  the  black  shows  up  witli  a  sort  of 
bluisli  cast,  while  the  Caucasians  sliow 
somewhat  of  a  tendency  toward  brown. 
Yet  a  person  who  is  not  closely  famil- 
iar with  the  characteristic  markings 
of  the  two  races  would  very  easily  con- 
found one  with  the  other. 

We  have  none  of  the  Caucasians  for 
sale  yet,  for  the  bees  are  still  on  pro- 
bation. Their  robbing  and  propolizing 
tendency  may  make   them  undesirable. 

There  is  one  thing  I  can't  help  notic- 
ing, and  that  is  that  no  claim  of  superi- 
ority is  made  for  the  Caucasians  over 
the  Italians.  It  is  said  that  they  are 
very  gentle,  but,  as  Mr.  Root  says, 
they  are  slightly  more  so,  if  any,  tlian 
select  Italians.  That  being  the  case, 
I  can  see  no  reason  for  introducing 
them,  as  Italians  are  certainly  gentle 
enough. 


THE  DIFFERENCE  IN  STOCK. 


It  May  Be  in  Endurance  as  well  as  Length 
of  Tongue     Perhaps  in  Laziness. 


We  had  four  different  strains  of  bees 
in  our  Northern  Michigan  apiaries. 
One  strain  fell  far  behind  the  others. 
In  the  spring,  the  colonies  of  tliis 
strain  seemed  as  populous  as  the 
others,  in  fact,  they  appeared  to  be 
really  stronger,  yet  they  did  not  get 
ttie  lioney.  Tliis  strain  was  in  two  of 
the  apiaries,  and  thus  compared  with 
two  different  strains.  The  manage- 
ment was  the  same  in  all  cases,  but, 
as  I  have  said,  these  bees  did  not  pro- 
duce the  results.  It  actually  seemed 
to  me  that  they  were  lazy.  When  buck- 
wheat was  in  bloom,  and  the  bees  of 
tlie  other  strain  were  piling  in  the 
honey,  these  lazy  fellows  would  hang 
in  great  clusters  on  the  fronts  of  their 
liives,  fairly  covering  the  fronts  of  the 
hives.  Inside  there  was  plenty  of 
empty    comb    to    be    filled,     but    they 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


315 


simply  lacked  the  ambition  to  fill  it. 
We  have  killed  about  7")  queens  of  this 
strain  and  introduced  new  queens, 
mostly  of  the  Moore  strain,  and  next 
year  we  expect  to  be  able  to  tell  a  dif- 
ferent stor}'  rej^'^ardinp:  these  colonies. 

This  matter  of  stock  is  one  greatly 
neglected  by  (he  average  bee-keeper, 
yes,  and  b3'  the  professional.  I>azl- 
ness  is  not  tlie  only  feature  to  be  looked 
after  and  removed.  Length  of  tongue, 
about  which  we  talked  so  much  a  few 
years  ago  may  be  all  right.  Then 
there  is  endurance,  and  power  of  flight, 
that  will  allow  of  gathering  hone3' 
from  long  distances.  The  colonies  that 
g'et  the  irsiilis  are  the  ones  to  breed 
from.  Right  in  this  line  there  is  an 
excellent  article  bj'  Mr.  J.  E.  Crane  in 
a  late  issue  of  Gleanings.  Mr.  Crane 
says  :— 

It  has  been  claimed  by  some  most  ex- 
cellent authorities  that  bees  will  not 
fly,  as  a  rule,  more  than  one  and  a 
half  to  two  miles  to  gather  nectar  from 
flowers,  while  Mr.  Doolittle  claims 
they  will  fly  from  three  to  six  miles 
from  choice.  Here  is  certainly  a  great 
dift'erence  of  opinion,  honestly  given. 
How  can  it  be  accounted  for  ?  It  seems 
probable  that,  in  part,  it  can  be  ac- 
counted for  in  the  topography  of  the 
country,  the  season  of  year,  and  the 
scarcity  or  abundance  of  nectar  near  at 
hand  or  at  a  distance.  It  seems  reason- 
able to  suppose  that  it  is  no  more  ex- 
hausting to  a  bee  to  fly  four  miles  and 
gather  a  load  c>f  honey  from  flowers 
3  ielding  an  abundance  than  to  glean 
a  sacful  from  flowers  two  miles  from 
home  where,  perhHps,  twent}'  or  fifty 
limes  as  many  fluwers  have  to  be 
visited  to  secure  a  load.  Yet  Mr. 
Dadant  claims  that  his  bees  failed  to 
gather  from  flowers  yielding  abund- 
antly on  an  island  one  end  of  which 
was  within  one  and  a  half  miles  from 
his  apiar^v. 

I  think  no  one  would  doubt  that  some 
bees  under  favorable  conditions  flj' 
long  distances.  Some  thirt}'  years  ago 
or  more  I  met  Mr.  Harbison,  of  Cali- 
fornia. He  said  there  were  i!o  bees  in 
San  Diego  County  till  he  moved  his 
down  there;  and,  very  soon  after,  he 
found  bees  from  ten  to  twelve  miles 
from  his  ranch.  At  five  miles  he  found 
bees  ver}'  abundant,  while  at  ten  miles 


there  were  a  few,  while  at  the  g-reatest 
distance  only  now  and  then  one  could 
be  found.  In  other  words,  while  he 
found  them  fifteen  miles  in  extremel3' 
limited  numbers,  they  continued  to  in- 
crease as  he  came  nearer  to  liis  yard. 

These  facts  or  illustrations  have  not 
been  given  to  determine  how  far  bees 
will  fly  to  gather  their  stores,  bnt, 
rather  to  show  that  there  is  a  great  dif- 
ference in  their  strength  or  ambition  or 
endurance.  If  Mr.  Doolittle's  bees 
will  readily  fl3'  four  or  five  miles  to 
gather  nectar,  why  will  not  Mr.  Da- 
dant's  fly  just  as  far  ?  And  this  brings 
me  to  the  point  I  wished  1o  make,  viz., 
that  strength  and  endurance  are  of  the 
greatest  importance  in  any  strain  or 
colony,  or  in  individual  bees.  Doubt- 
less we  have  all  noticed  the  great  dif- 
ference in  horses.  Take  two  of  equal 
age  and  weight,  give  each  the  same 
feed  and  care,  and  one  will  endure  one 
and  a  half  times  or  twice  the  hard 
work  of  the  other,  without  any  incon- 
venience. Of  course  so  great  a  differ- 
ence would  be  greater  than  the  average. 
We  have  also  seen  the  gr^at  difference 
in  the  capacity  as  well  as  endurance 
of  different  specimens  of  the  genus 
homo.  And  have  we  not  all  seen  two 
colonies  of  bees,  so  far  as  we  could 
judge,  of  equal  strength,  equally  pro- 
lific queen,  and  ample  stores,  one 
building  up  early  in  the  season,  while 
the  other  lagged  far  behind  ? 

I  remember  very  well  some  colonies 
that  have  attracted  mv  attention.  I 
found  them  weak  in  the  spring,  but 
thought  bv  careful  nursing  the3'  mig'lit 
become  useful,  and  b3'  the  close  of  the 
hoi:ey  season  have  succeeded  in  getting 
them  into  fair  condition,  but  not  soon 
enough  to  gather  suflicient  stores  for 
winter  use.  The  next  season  found 
them  in  the  same  pitiable  condition  as 
in  the  previous  year  The  more  a  man 
has  of  such  bees  the  poorer  he  is;  for 
they  are  far  more  profitable  dead  than 
alive,  and  can  be  made  useful  only  by 
destroying  their  queens  at  the  first 
convenient  opportunity  and  giving 
them  one  whose  oftspring  are  more  en- 
terprising- or  capable  of  greater  en- 
durance. 

I  remember  one  colony  in  one  of  my 
yards  th;it.  wliile  one  queen  was  at  the 
head  of  aft'airs,  would  insist  on  and 
succeed  in  g^etting  more  honey  than 
an3'  other  colony,  and  this  for  three 
years  in  succession.  It  was  not  that 
they  were  stronger  in  numbers,  but  of 
greater  vigor  than  other  colonies.  I 
remember   one   year  they  continued  to 


316 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


work  after  the  rest  had  come  to  a 
stand  still  in  gathering-  honey  from 
some  unknown  source,  probably  out- 
side the  range  of  flight  of  the  other 
bees. 

In  no  other  way  is  the  vigor  and 
strength  of  constitution  of  different  col- 
onies better  shown  than  in  seasons  or 
periods  of  scarcity.  Some  colonies 
will  build  up,  storing  some  honey,  and 
swarming,  perhaps,  while  the  weaker 
sisters  wear  out  so  fast  as  hardly  to 
hold  their  own,  and  some  will  run 
down  and  die,  or  become  worthless,  in 
spite  of  our  etiforts  in  their  behalf. 

Soine  years  ago  I  moved  a  yard  of 
bees  two-thirds  of  a  inile  to  the  east  of 
its  fonner  location,  only  to  find  later 
that  I  had  moved  it  away  from  the  best 
part  of  my  range,  and  the  yield  of 
honey  was  a  good  deal  reduced. 
What  was  I  to  do  ?  Move  my  bees 
back  a  mile  to  the  west,  and  so  much 
further  from  my  present  home,  but 
nearer  the  best  honey  ?  I  finally  de- 
cided to  let  them  remain  where  they 
were,  but  breed  for  stronger  bees,  such 
as  would  be  able  to  reach  the  best  of 
their  former  range;  and  I  am  led  to 
believe  from  the  increased  yield  in 
this  yard  that  I  have,  to  quite  a  de- 
gree, accomplished  my  purpose 

Another  time  in  which  the  greater  or 
less  endurance  shows  itself  is  when  a 
new  swarm  is  placed  in  a  new  hive 
with  no  brood  hatching  for  three  weeks 
during  the  tiine  the  flowers  are  yield- 
ing honey  freely;  for  greater  endur- 
ance means  longevity,  and  length  of 
days  in  bees  is  of  quite  as  much  im- 
portance as  length  of  tongues,  and  I 
tio  not  wish  to  say  anything  derogatory 
to  this  most  excellent  quality. 

But  say  !  Was  it  not  amusing  to  see 
when,  a  few  years  ago,  the  subject  of 
long  tongues  was  discussed,  how  many 
queen-breeders  were  breeding  queens 
that  produced  just  such  tongues  ?  I 
have  sometimes  fancied  that  Jonah's 
gourd  would  have  blushed  at  its  own 
slow  growth  compared  with  the  tongues 
of  our  American-Italian  bees  for  a 
year  or  two,  could  it  have  known  about 
it;  but  this  is  only  a  fancy. 

The  longer  I  live  and  handle  bees, 
the  more  I  am  convinced  that  consti- 
tution, strength,  and  endurance  are  of 
the  utmost  importance  in  bees,  as  in 
other  dotnestic  creatures.  Let  us  have 
long  tongues  if  we  inay,  and  all  other 
good  qualities;  but  all  these  will  be  of 
little  value  without  the  strength  to  use 
them.  If  we  breed  for  constitution  we 
may,  if    we  breed    wisely,  secure  most 


desirable  results.  If  I  were  to  say 
what  would  doubtless  be  most  popular 
with  a  large  number,  I  presume  the 
majority  of  progressive  bee-keepers, 
I  should  say  that  the  darker  shades  of 
Italian  bees  are  to  bo  preferred. 

Now,  I  do  not  believe  that  the  qualit3' 
of  a  bee  depends  on  the  color  of  its 
body  alone;  nevertheless,  I  believe  that 
the  darker  shades  of  Italians  in  this 
country  are,  as  a  rule,  stronger  and 
more  enduring  than  their  lighter- 
colored  sisters — not  that  the  darker 
shade  makes  them  stronger,  or  that 
the  lighter  color  makes  the  others 
weaker,  but  that  the  darker  ones  have 
been  bred  for  honey-gathering  quali- 
ties, without  inuch  regard  to  color, 
while  the  lighter  ones  have  been  bred 
for  strength  and  endurance — some  ex- 
ceptions, doubtless. 

That  a  strain  of  bees  can  be  produced 
that  will  be  of  a  light  beautiful  color, 
and  at  the  same  time  most  enduring,  I 
have  not  the  slightest  doubt;  indeed, 
the  queen  that  I  have  thought  has 
made  the  greatest  improvement  in  my 
own  bees  has  been  one  whose  workers 
were,  a  large  portion  of  them,  five- 
banded  golden  bees;  in  fact,  the  lightest 
and  handsomest  I  have  ever  handled 
I  like  a  handsome  bee.  It  rests  me  to 
open  a  hive  of  beautiful  bees.  It  min- 
isters to  our  higher  nature;  but  if  we 
cannot  have  both,  let  us  make  sure  of 
strong,  vigorous,  enduring  bees  that 
fill  our  supers,  for  this  also  is  beau- 
tiful. 


SUPERIOR    QUEENS 

For  the  balance  of  the  season. 
CAUCASIANS,  untested,  75  cts.  each, 
$8.00  per    dozen.     Tested,    $1.00    each; 
$11.00  per  dozen.     Select  tested,    $1.25; 
$12.00  per  dozen. 

ITAIJANS  and  CARNIOI.ANS  un- 
tested, 60  cts.  each;  $6.50  per  dozen. 
Tested,  75  cts.  each,  $8.00  per  dozen. 
Select  tested,  $1.00  each,  $11.00  per 
dozen. 

CHAS.   KOEPPEN, 


Fredericksburg,  Va. 


A  15,000  FERRETS.  Send  6  cents 
^^^^  (or  illustratod  terri-t  book  published, 
y^^MPv  4,s  paRe^  of  practical  experience  from 
^^^6  ^  a  life  study  of  these  useful  little  ani- 
mal>-.  telling-  how  to  .'-uccessfuUy  breed 
and  work  ferrets,  how  ferrets  clear  buildings  of 
rats,  drive  rabbits  from  burrows.     Price  list  free. 

SAMUEL  FARNSWORTH.  Middalton,  Ohio. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS    REVIEW 


317 


AUCTION 


AUCTIONER  WANTED. 


Unless  sooner  disposed    of  I    will    sell    at  public 
auction  all  my  stock  of 

Bee=Hives  and  Supplies 

now    in   San    Antonio,    Texas,    during  session    of 
NATIONAL  BEE=KEEPERS'  ASSOCIATION  ,Nov.  8,9, 10. 


A  LIST  OF  THE  GOODS: 


44  No  Z  Veils 
330  ,s=frame  Hives,  1  story 
185  !S-frame  Bodies 
475  10-franie  Hives,  1  story 

SO  10-franie  Bodies 
474  10  frame  Supers  for  Bulk  Honey 

255  S-frame         '        " 

227  li'-frame  Empty  Supers 

105  ]0-fram<-        "  "  4%  x  4X 

260  10-frame  Supers  for  4x5  Sections 

65  «-frame 
6150  Hoffman  Frames 
150  Danzenbaker  Hive  Frames 

103  "  '  "  wired 
3S00  Shallow  frames 

5  Spools  Wire,  '+  oz 
7'i'   Dozen  Spools  Wire,  K  lb. 

4        li  lb. 

21  lbs.  Frame  Staples 
15  lbs.  Tacks  for  wiring 
365  10-frame  Covers 
lo2  .s-(rame 
362  10-frame  Bottoms 
183  8  frame 

104  Hive  Bodies  Nailed 

86      "        ■■  "        Foundation 

34  3-lb.  Cans 
8  Clarke  Smokers 
33  Dr. 
15  Smoke  Engines 


2  Champion  Smokers,  3  in. 
4  "  "  4  i,^ 

1?  Cogrgshall's  Bee  Brushes 
()   Potter  Bee  Escape    with  boards 
8        "        "  "         (house) 

1  No.  15  Extractor 
1   No.  17 

4  Uncapping  Cans 
IS  Uncapping  Knives 
125  Shipping  Cases 
150  Shipping  Crates 
24  Doolittlle  Division  Board  Feeders 
40  lbs.  Nails  7d 
()0  Ihs.       ■■      2d 
S'A   Doz.  Spools  Wire,  1  lb. 
/4    Dozen  Coils       "      5  lb. 
219  Plain  Division  Boards 
275  Section  Slats 
2000  Fence  Separators 
1100  Flat  Tins 
230  Rabbets 

1  Rauchfus  Section  Press 
15500  Sections 

225  lbs.  Extra  Thin  Foundation 
33*  lbs.  Thin 
682    lbs.  Thin  Brood 
54  lbs.  Med. 

3  Daisj'  Foundation  Fasteners 
20  Bee  Entrance  Guards 

3  Globe  Bee  Veils 


Terms  Cash.     For  particulars  address 

W.  H.  PUTNAM,  River  Falls,  Wis. 


318 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


The  foundation  of  a  crop  of  honey 
rests  in  the  successful  wintering-  of 
bees,  and  this  is  the  result  of  many 
things.  Strong  colonies  alone  will  not 
insure  safe  wintering,  neither  will  a 
warm  cellar,  nor  chaff  hives.  Perfect 
stores  will  come  the  nearest  to  it,  but 
thej'  can't  be  depended  upon  alone. 
In  some  localities  the  natural  stores 
can  be  depended  upon;  in  others  part 
of  the  natural  stores  are  all  right  for 
wintering  purposes,  and  others  are 
disastrous.  There  are  methods  where- 
by the  right  natural  stores  may  be 
secured  for  winter,  or,  if  not,  the  col- 
bnies  may  be  brought  through  the 
seasons  practically  free  from  natural 
stores,  when  it  is  an  easy  matter  to 
furnish  them  the  best  of  all  winter 
stores — cane  sugar. 

When  the  food  is  all  that  it  should 
be,  then  comes  the  matter  of  protection; 
shall  it  be  packing  of  some  kind,  such 
as  sawdust,  or  chaff",  or  planer  shav- 
ings, or  shall  it  be  the  cellar  ? 

If  it  is  the  cellar,  then  follow  the 
matters  of  temperature,  moisture;,  venti- 
lation, etc.,  all  of  which  have  a  bear- 
ing upon  successful  wintering.  There 
is  a  way  of  telling  whether  a  cellar  is 
damp,  hoiv  damp  it  is,  and  whether  it 
is  too  damp  (depending  upon  the  temp- 
erature) and  there  are  methods  of 
rendering  it  dry  if  it  is  too  damp. 

Besides  the  matter  of  ventilation  to 
thecellar  itself,  which  also  has  a  bear- 
ing upon  temperature,  there  is  the  ven- 


tilation of  individual  hives,  so  that  the 
dampness  may  pass  off,  yet  leaving  the 
cluster  always  dry  and   warm. 

Then  there  is  the  giving  of  protection 
in  such  a  manner,  when  wintering  bees 
in  the  open  air,  that  the  cluster  may 
remain  warm  and  dr^'. 

Successfid  wintering  is  really  a 
many  sided  subject,  but  it  can  be 
mastered  so  as  to  be  able  to  bring  col- 
onies of  bees  through  the  winter  safe 
I3'  as  may  be  done  with  a  cow  or  horse. 

All  of  the  leading  factors  of  success- 
ful wintering,  as  well  as  the  minor  de- 
tails, are  given  in  the  book  Advanced 
Bkr  Cul'purk,  and  I  am  satisfied  that 
any  man  who  reads  this  book,  and  fol- 
lows its  instructions,  will  winter  his 
bees  with  practically  no  loss.  Last 
fall  I  put  104  colonies  of  bees  into  my 
cellar,  and  took  them  all  out  in  the 
spring  alive,  dry,  clean,  healthy  and 
strong,  and  I  know  I  can  do  this  every 
time,  and  so  can  others  if  they  will  fol- 
low the  instruction  that  I  give  in  Ad- 
vanced Bee  Culture. 

If  you  have  failed  in  wintering  your 
bees,  or,  if  3'ou  have  succeeded  only  in 
a  measure,  and  would  like  to  secure 
perfect  wintering,  get  the  book  now, 
and  read  it,  and  put  into  practice  its 
teachings,  and  next  spring  will  find 
3'Ou  with  strong,  healthy  colonies — the 
foundation  of  all  honey  crops. 

Price  of  the  book  $1.20,  or  the  Review 
one  3ea."  and  the  book  for  onl}'  $2.00. 


FILIHT,  Mice, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


319 


WE  MANUFACTURE 

The  finest,  wliitest,  no-drip,  Basswood  Shipping  Case  on  the 
market  today.  Covers  and  bottoms  are  of  ONlC  PIEC1<}. 
Everything  is  POLISHED  on  both  sides  and  a  better  case 
cannot  be  had  at  any  price.  We  can  furnish  them  in  single  or 
car-load  lots  to  fit  any  iiumber  or  style  of  section.  Large 
quantities  of  all  the  standard  sizes  on  hand.  As  a  special 
ofl-"er,  we  will  sell  you  25  cases  to  hold  24  sections,  complete 
with  NAILS,  PAPER  and  GLASS,  at  $4.00.  Write  for  prices 
on  larger  quantities.  Can  furnish  corrugated  paper  if  desired. 
We  can  furnish  you  with  anything  you  need  in  the  apiary. 
Our  catalog  is  free.  Prompt  Shipment  and  Satisfaction 
Guaranteed. 

MINNESOTA  BEE  KEEPERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 
Nicollet  Island.     No.  35.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


After  years  of  thoughtful  and  careful  breeding,  seeking  more  especially  the  more  perfect  de- 
velopment of  a  strain  of  CLOVER  WORKERS,  I  am  pleased  to  offer  a  three-banded  strain  of 
bees  possessing  the  rarest  qualities  of  perfection. 

PRICES  OF  QUEENS  AND  NUCLEI  :  Untested  queens,  50  cts.;  select  untested  queens  ys  cts 
two-frame  nuclei,  after  June  i.st,  $2.00.  If  queen  is  wanted,  add  price  of  queen  to  price  of  nucleus" 
4-o6-6t 


CARNIOLAN  QUEENS 

and 

CHAFF  HIVES. 

I  am  breeding  only  one  race  of  bees.  T  have 
tested  the  Carniolaus  with  the  other  races  of  bees 
and  find  them  superior  to  all  of  them,  in  some 
particular.  They  have  all  the  good  qualities  of 
others,  and  do  not  have  some  of  their  b.id  trais. 
They  are  mi  ch  easier  to  handle,  and,  if  rightly 
manage  '  (given  plenty  of  room)  they  will  not 
swarm  any  n'ore  than  other  races.  They  will 
cip  their  comb  mcch  nicer,  breed  earlier,  and, 
therefore,  store  more  hodey  I  grade  out  all 
l)oor  queen  cells,  kill  pH  small  or  imperfect 
qurens  before  mating,  and  sell  only  the  choice  or 
select,  bred  from  the  best  honey  gatherers  and 
comb  builders.  I  am  as  careful  about  the  drones 
as  about  the  breeding  queens. 

One   queen,  $1.00;  two,  |i. 75;  six,  $450 
1  also  have  a  few  new  chaff  hives  for  sale  very 
cheap.     Hives  or  queens  in   exchange  for  good, 
wliite,  comb  honey. 

4o6-6t  W.  W.  CRIM,  Pekin,  Ind. 


SOME  REASONS 

Why  you  can  buy  Italian  queens  to  ad- 
vantage of  the  undersigned:  The  stock 
is  from  the  very  best  breeders,  such  as 
Quirin,  Laws,  Alley  and  Moore. 

All  queens  are  shipped  by  return 
mail  in  large,  roomy  cages,  and  guar- 
anteed to  please  in  everj^  particular, 
or  they  will  be  replaced  free.  Every- 
thing is  nuw  at  its  best  in  California, 
and  the  best  of  queens  can    be    reared. 

Untested  queens,  $1.00  each;  .six  for 
$4.00;  one  duzen  for  $8  00.  Tested, 
$1  50;  six  for  $8  00;  one  dozen  $14.50. 
Breeders,  $5.00  each.  Write  for  prices 
on  larger  quantities. 

M.    D.  WHITCHER, 

6-06  tf  Los  Oiivos,  Calif. 


320 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


mJic!E:w 


My  raspberry  and  clover  honey  is  all  sold,  every 
pound,  but  I  still  have  something-  over  5,000  pounds  of 
buckwheat  honey  on  hand.  This  honey  was  not  ex- 
tracted until  capped  over,  and  is  rich,  ripe,  and  thick—- 
far  different  from  the  thin,  raw  stuff  often  found  on  the 
market.  If  you  are  interested,  I  can  send  you  a  sample. 
This  honey  is  put  up  in  ()0-lb  cans,  two  cans  in  a  case, 
and  is  offered  at  only  6  cts  a  pound. 


QUEENS 


of  Moore's    Strain    of   Italians 

Produce  workers  that  fill  the  supers 
and  are  not  inclined  to  swarm. 

Stewart  Smillie,  Bluevale,  Ont., 
Can.,  says: 

"They  till  the  supers  and  are  not  so 
much  inclined  to  swarm  as  others.  I 
have  been  buy  infi;- queens  for  15  years, 
and  your  stock  was  the  only  one  that 
was  any  j^-ood  to  gather  honey. 

Untested  queens,  f.75  each;  six,  $4.00 
dozen,  $7  50.  Select  untested,  $1.00 
each;  six,  $5.00;  dozen.  $9.00. 

Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  g-uar- 
anteed. 

J.  P,  MOORE,  Morgan, 

Pendleton  Co.,  Ky. 


BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  inanufacture  standard  dovetailed  bee-hives 
and  supplies,  cheaper  than  yon  ever  bought 
before.  Our  Queens  and  Bees  stand  at  the  head 
in  quality.  Unttsted  75c,  each;  $425  for  6;  or 
$8.00  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25  each;  $12  00  per 
dozen.  Select  tested,  $1  50.  Special  prices  to 
dealers  and  in  large  lots  on  application,  Ditt- 
nier's  foundation      Catalog  free. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beeville,  iBce  Co.)  Texas. 


WRITE  US 

If  you  have  any  lioiiey  to  sell.  Wo  do  not  handle 
on  conimission,  but  pay  cash  on  leceipt  of 
honey. 

E.  R.  PAHL  &  CO., 
Broadway  and  Detroit  Sts.  Milwaukee. 


WANTED,  to  buy.  for  cash,  fancy  comb  and  ex- 
tracted honey.  R.  A.  HOLEKAMP. 
4263  Virginia  Ave.,  St,  Louis,  Mo, 


Prompt  Shipments, 


Are  what  you  want  and  we 
can  make  them.  Send  in  your 
orders  and  be  convinced  that 
we  can  do  it.  WISCONSIN 
BASSWOOD  FOR  SEC- 
TIONS. DOVE-TAILED 
HIVES  made  by  ourselves 
now.  A  full  line  of  supplies 
for  bee-keeping  on  hand. 


IVIaFshfield  Mfg.   Co. 

IHaFshfleld,  Wis. 


HONEY, 
HONEY, 
HONEY, 

Have  you  any  to  sell  ?  If 
so,  see  us  before  selling.  We 
pay  highest  Market  Price  for 
both  Comb  and  Extracted 
Honej'.     Also  Beeswax. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 

520  Monroe  Street, 
TOLEDO,         -  OHIO. 


Ho  Fish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  very  thin  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  he  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the   Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.    VAfl   DHUSEri, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


Lowest  Prices. 


BIG  DISCOUNT  FOR  EARI^Y 
ORDERS. 

On  cash  orders 

Before  January       i  4  percent. 

„        February    13,,        ,, 

,,        March  12,,        ,, 

Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds. 

Established  nearly  25  j-ears. 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
50c  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  published.  Ec'ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 
Company, 

Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


323 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


\lu 
Hit 

im 

mi 
it; 


Root's  Goods  %t 
Root's  Prices 


POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

I,arge  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.     I,ove  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Sers'ice.   Catalog  sent  free. 

Walter  S.  Fo^i<^.r 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOI.IS,     IND. 


a/ 

\^/ 


DITTMER'S 

FOUNDATION 

Is  the  best  foundation  for  yon 
to  use  because  it  is  tough, 
transparent,  will  nat  sag  and 
has  the  odor  of  pure  beeswax. 

Working  Wax  for  Cash  a 
Specialty. 

This  is  the  cheapest  way  for 
you  to  secure  your  foundation. 

Beeswax   Always  Wanted. 

Our  warehouse  is  well  filled 
with  all  kinds  of  bee-keepers' 
supplies. 

5  per  cent.   Discount    During 
November. 

Gus  Dittmer, 
Augusta,  Wisconsin. 


(1/ 
\)/ 

\^/ 
vl/ 


Send    for 

1906 
Catalog. 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Rcot^s  gocds.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  Tlu'  Koot  Co.   in  Mich. 


The   Danz. 

Hive — The 

Comb    Honey 

Hive. 
Send  for 

Booklet. 


BEESWAX  WANTED 

We  are  paying  29c.  per  lb.   cash  delivered  here,  for 
CHOICE  YEM-OW  BEESWAX 

-         Send  us  your  shipment  now. 
MONtY  BACK  JHE  DAY  SHIPMENT  ARRIVES. 
THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 

51   WALNUT  ST. ,^^^;<-^  yCll^TCINNATI,  OHIO. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


323 


HTlake  Vour  0^vn  Hives. 

3ee  ^  Keepers  V 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
er Saw  in  making- 
their  hives,  sections 
and  boxes. 

Machines  on  trial. 
Send  for  Catalogue. 

W.F.&JNO.  BARNES  CO., 

384  Rnby  St., 

Rockford,     Ills. 


I    -06-I2 


PAXEINT,     BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.         24 
YEIARS   "the:    BEISnr.      CATALOG    FREIE.    J 
F.       BINGHAM,        FARWEILL,       MICH,    j 


BEE-KEEPER'S   SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Prices 

Modern  Machinery  etter  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG     MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1-  i I  -^  t^  147- Uy  Cedar  L,a ke  Road 


HONEY  QUEENS 

LAWS'  ITALIAN  and  HOLY  LAND  QUEENS. 
I'  eiity  of  fine  queens  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
ami  with  the.se  lam  catering  to  a  satisfiel  trade. 
Are  you  in  it?     Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 
Laws'  Holy  Lands. 
These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
are  as  low  as  consistent  with  good  queens.  Un- 
trsted,  90c;  per  dozen,  $800;  tested  fi.oo;  1  er 
dozen,  $10.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  $3  00  each. 

*        H.  Laws,  Beeville,   Tex. 


— If  you  are  going  to- 


BUY  A  BUZZ  -  SAW^, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  Keview.  He  has  a 
new  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  von  Iihi>|i.v  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  would  sell  it. 


WAIVTED— Well    ripened    extracted    Bass- 
wood    and    Clover  Honey,  light   in  color.     Prompt 
payment   on   receipt,   7'4c   per   lb.,    f.  o.  b.   West 
Berd. 
8-06-4t  H.  C.  AHLER3,  West  Bend,  Wis. 


AVANTED.  C0M:B  HONEY. 

Write  at  once,  describing  what  you  have  to 
offer,  and  name  lowest  price.  We  refer  to  your 
banker,  or  to  the  A.  I-  Root  Co.,  Medina,  Ohio. 

Address.  EVANS  &  TURNER, 

I  9-2  1-23  E.  Naughten  St-, 
9-06-2t  Columbus,  Ohio. 


324 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION" 


IT  EXCELS. 

EVERY  INCH  ii;quat^  to  samples. 

Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sag^ging^,    no   Loss.     Twenty-seven 

years  of  Experience.     We  guarantee  satisfaction.     Wax 

worked  into  Foundation. 

BEE  SUPPLIES 

of  all  kinds 

BEESAVAX  TVANTED 

at  all  times. 
Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODMAN,  Grand  Rapids. 

DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  111. 

Send  for  Catalog. 


i'^mssi'^d 


BIG  DISCOUNTON  ALL  KINDS  OF 
BEE=KEEPER'S  SUPPLIES. 

Until  Ma}'  1st,  free,  a  year's  sub- 
scription to  a  Bee  Journal  with  an  order 
of  $15.00  or  over.  Dovetailed  Hives  and 
Marshfield  Sections  by  the  carload; 
special  prices  made  to  small  dealers. 
Dittmer's  Foundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  my  32  page  illustrated 
catalog  free. 

W.   D.   SOPER, 

Jackson,  Mich. 


I'M  OLD  AND  TIRED 

Of  caring  for  180  hives  of  bees;  won't 
some  financial  and  kind  bee-keeping 
friend  "give  me  a  rest  ?"  For  terms. 
Address  C.  A.  GREENFIELD, 

Route  1.  Caro,  Mich. 

oi-06-2t  (Tuscola  Co.) 


We  manufacture  everything  needed 
in  the  Apiary  and  carry  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  3'ou 
the  best  goods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
and  our  excellent  freight  facilities  en- 
able us  to  make  prompt  shipments  over 
15  different  roads,  thereby  saving  you 
excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worr}'  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alifernat- 
ing,  Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  everj'  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTS  now. 
Write  today. 

KRKTCHMER  MFG.,  CO. 
l-06-12t  Counci:  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German 


Burying  Bees  in  a  Pit  or  Clamp. 

See  Townsend's  Article  in  Extracted    Department. 


Tt)eS 


ee- 

A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 


Cv'i^lo. 


Devoted  ^^  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$1.00  A  YEAR. 
W.  Z,  HDTCHINSON.  Edlior  and  Proprietor. 


VOL.  XIX.     FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  NOV.  iS,  1906.      NO.  11 


Tlie  DevelopsMent  off  t) 


iig,  fill 

Man  Proposes  but  God  Disposes. 

L.    A.    ASPINWALL. 


HOW  many  of  our  profound  and  care- 
fully executed  plans,  involving 
years  of  labor  and  study,  have  fallen 
far  short  of  our  hig"h  ideals.  The 
United  States  Patent  Office  records 
show  this  to  be  true  in  the  inventive 
world.  Only  about  one  invention  in 
every  hundred  patented,  proves  to  be  a 
practical  success.  And  how  about  the 
thousands  of  failures  so  flagrant  that 
no  patent  was  sought  for  ?  My  propo- 
sition to  construct  artificial  brood 
combs  as  long-  ag-o  as  1888;  with  the 
view  of  preventing  the  tendency  of  bees 
to  swarm,  was  in  the  providential 
working  of  things  disposed  of  long-  ago. 
Although  a  success  as  brood  combs, 
they  failed  to  accomplish  the  end  for 
which  T  designed  them. 

It  may,  as  a  matter  of  history,  be 
well  to  state  briefly  the  theory  I  enter- 
tained relative  thereto.     The  construc- 


tion of  artificial  comb,  of  course,  made 
the  size  of  cells,  (worker  or  drone) 
optional.  This  being  in  mind,  also, 
that  drones  were  a  factor  g-overning 
the  increase  of  colonicr,  it  would  seem 
as  if  their  elimination  might  keep  in 
abeyance  the  tendency  to  sv^arm.  J.c- 
cordingly,  combs,  were  made  in  which 
the  bees  reared  worker  progeny  exclu- 
sively. Thus  far  the  combs  were  a 
success— I  having  had  as  many  as  six 
or  seven  colonies  occupying  and  rear- 
ing brood  in  them  for  years— one  col- 
ony having  occupied  them  seven  years 
before  I  decided  to  abandon  them  for 
those  built  b\'  the  bees. 

The  elimination  of  drones,  doubtless, 
retarded  the  swarming  impulse,  yet. 
like  a  queenless  colony  with  only  r.  few 
drone  eggs,  which  aiiempts  the  rearing 
of  a  queen,  they  will,  when  in  a 
crowded  condition,  although   devoid  of 


328 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


drones,  finally  make  preparations  for 
swarming.  But  above  all  was  the  ten- 
dei.cy  of  drones  from  other  colonies  to 
enter  these  hives.  Drones,  unlike 
worker  bees,  are  liable  to  enter  hives 
in  the  vicinity  of  those  in  which  they 
were  reared.  Thisconting-ency  restores 
the  normal  condition  to  colonies  hav- 
ing- no  drone  comb,  thus  counteracting- 
the  influence  which  would  result  from 
using  worker  cells  exclusively.  Thus 
the  theory  was  disposed  of. 

Inasmuch  as  unlimited  room  outside 
the  brood  apartment  will  not  prevent 
swarming,  the  writer  concluded  to  ex- 
pand the  brood  nest,  without  increas- 
ing the  brood  area.  This,  as  the  out- 
come of  having  made  wooden  combs, 
was  to  construct  them  without  a  septum 
or  base.  In  other  words  they  were 
open  at  both  ends;  which  left  ceils 
which  could  not  be  filled  with  honey. 
These  were  introduced  between,  and 
alternated  with,  the  regular  combs  o^ 
the  hive,  thus  expanding  the  colony 
without  increasing  the  area  of  brood 
cells.  This  departure  largely  reduced 
the  crowded  condition,  and  greatly  re- 
tarded swarming;  and  was  the  first 
evdence  to  my  mind  that  swarming 
could  positively  be  controlled.  How- 
ever, these  perforated  dummies  were  a 
barrier  to  the  queen  in  her  passage 
from  comb  to  comb.  As  a  result,  the 
queen  would  frequently  be  found  occu- 
pying but  three  or  four  combs,  in 
which  case  the  colony  would  endeavor 
to  supersede  her,  and  swarming  would 
be  the  result. 

To  overcome  this  objection,  these 
perforated  dummies  were  made  in 
three  divisions,  separated  by  a  ^-inch 
space  running  horizontally  from  end 
to  end.  The  result  of  this  change  was 
another  step  in  advance.  However, 
after  two  or  three  seasons'  experiment- 
ing with  dummies,  which  were  made 
of  different  depths  and  thicknesses, 
but  little  gain  was  made. 

Following  these  experiments,  was 
a  radical  change.    That    suggested   to 


the  mind  of  the  writer  was  the  sub- 
stitution of  slatted  frames  for  the  per- 
forated ones.  These  gave  the  queen 
absolute  freedom  in  her  passage  from 
comb  to  comb  at  any  point  desired. 
The  first  of  these  slatted  frames  were 
made  one-half  inch  in  thickness,  and, 
with  a  result  that  retarded  swarming 
in  all  colonies,  and  prevented,  perhaps, 
a  quarter  of  them  from  swarming.  Be- 
lieving in  the  ultimate  success  of  such 
slatted  frames,  an  additional  thickness 
was  decided  upon  the  following  season, 
and  three-quarters  of  an  inch  was 
established  for  the  experiment  that 
season.  While  the  results  were  more 
favorable,  it  was  evident  that  an  in- 
crease in  thickness  was  requisite;  so 
one  inch  was  adopted,  which  gave  still 
better  results.  For  the  following  sea- 
son one  inch  and  a  half  was  decided 
upon,  together  with  a  few  about  one 
inch  and  a  quarter.  The  results  of 
these  were  favorable  to  the  greatest 
width,  one  inch  and  a  half  being  the 
same  spacing  as  natural  combs.  How- 
ever, fully  one  half  of  the  colonies 
swarmed  during  an  excessive  honey 
flow. 

As  a  further  means  of  overcoming 
this  tendency,  dummies  were  placed  at 
the  sides  of  the  hives,  in  addition  to 
alternating  them  with  the  brood  combs. 
Still  (he  result  was  not  satisfactory; 
frequently  as  many  as  half  the  colonies 
would  swarm. 

The  reader  cannot  but  realize  the 
great  difficulties  and  expense  attend- 
ant upon  producing  inventions.  These 
changes  were  made  to  fit  from  forty  to 
fifty  colonies  annually.  And,  to  add 
to  the  difficulty,  but  one  experiment  of 
the  whole  can  be  made  in  a  year.  To 
test  it  upon  a  few  would  not  afford  a 
■proper  average  for  correct  results. 

Noticing  the  tendency  of  bees  to  enter 
supers  more  freely  where  the  passage- 
way happened  to  be  directly  above  the 
space  between  the  combs,  also,  that 
more  honey  was  stored  above  such 
direct    communication,    suggested    the 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


329 


makinj;^  of  wider  passages  to  the  stor- 
age apartment.  This  was  tried  upon 
two  or  three  colonies,  with  a  marked 
degree  of  success.  These  wider  pass- 
ages naturally  called  for  slatted  dum- 
mies in  lieu  of  the  ordinary  separators, 
which  were  widened  from  time  to  time 
until  one  inch  and  a  half  was  reached. 
At  present,  however,  the  one  inch  size 
is  being  used;  and  I  consider  them 
nearly  perfect  for  the  purpose  designed, 
namely,  that  with  freer  passages  to 
the  supers,  the  tendenc}'  to  swarm  be- 
came, perhaps,  50  per  cent,  less  than 
with  supers  having  narrow  passages. 

After  the  season's  experimenting,  the 
writer  entertained  no  further  doubt  as 
to  the  ultimate  success,  than  he  did 
with  the  potato  planter,  up  to  within 
one  or  two  years  of  its  completion. 
The  workings  of  most  colonies  in  the 
5'ard  were  so  favorable  t )  the  perfect 
result,  that  no  further  doubts  could  be 
entertained.  Still,  there  would  be  one 
or  two  swarms  to  every  ten  colonies, 
even  with  ample  storage   room. 

Let  us  note,  in  this  connection,  that 
any  or  all  appliances,  however  perfect, 
will  fail  if  the  storage  room  is  insuffi- 
cient. 

As  a  further  means  of  preventing  the 
tendency  to  swarm,  and,  also  to  facili- 
tate handling  the  frames,  similar 
slatted  spaces  were  introduced  at  the 
ends  of  each  brood  comb.  These 
afforded  still  more  bee-space,  also 
better  \entilation,  and,  prevented  the 
sun's  raj'S  from  striking  directly  upon 
the  ends  to  which  the  combs  are  at- 
tached. It  was  also  noticeable  that 
the  bees,  upon  entering  the  hive  during 
a  honey  flow,  would  do  so  mostly'  at 
one  side  or  end  of  the  entrance.  With 
closed-end  frames  the  colony  became 
more  or  less  crowded  at  that  side  of 
the  hive — the  slatted  ends  most 
thoroughly  relieved  that  tendency,  in 
addition  to  affording  better  ventilation  ; 
also,  keeping  the  sun's  rays  from  in- 
creasing the  heat  of  the  colony,  as 
already  stated. 


At  this  juncture,  with  wider  passage 
ways  to  the  supers,  a  corresponding 
evil  presented  itself.  The  wider  com- 
munication made,  as  it  were,  the  two 
apartments  nearly  as  one,  which 
naturally  invited  the  storage  of  pollen 
in  the  sections;  whole  supers  of  beau- 
tiful white  hone3'  being  rendered  un- 
salable thereb}'.  Knowing  that  drone 
cells  were  not  used  by  the  bees  for  the 
storage  of  pollen,  the  use  of  drone  cell 
foundation  suggested  itself  as  being 
the  only  remedy.  One  thousand  sec- 
tions were  tried  upon  my  stri^ngest 
colonies  during  the  season  of  1905  with 
most  satisfactory  results.  Not  more 
than  three  or  four  sections  having  two 
or  three  cells  containing  a  little  pollen 
near  the  bottom.  The  result  was  so 
satisfactory  that  I  decided  upon  using 
drone  cell  foundation  as  far  as  was 
practicable.  A  small  corresponding 
objection  appeared  with  the  exclusive 
use  of  the  drone  cell  foundation.  A 
few  colonies  refused  to  do  satisfactory 
work  with  supers  entirel3'  filled  with 
it.  The  increased  length  of  the 
slatted-end  brood  frames  aiorded  addi- 
tional super  room,  by  allowing  longer 
section  holders  which  accommodated 
five  sections  instead  of  four  as  previ- 
ously used.  By  using  worker  cell 
foundation  in  the  CJid  sections,  a  still 
further  advance  was  made.  It  gave 
the  colony  both  kinds  of  comb  to  build 
— just  what  every  normal  colony  per- 
sists in  doing.  The  result  was  that 
the  worker  cell  foundation  was  filled 
as  rapidly  as  that  for  drones,  notwith- 
standing it  was  at  the  ends  and  cor- 
ners of  the  supers.  Furthermore,  with 
all  this  advance,  not  a  single  cell  con- 
tained pollen  or  drone  brood.  This 
gave  really  more  satisfactory  results 
than  was  expected,  and  will  enable 
the  honey  producer  to  have  better  filled 
supers.   So  much  for  the  season  of  1906. 

In  the  meantime,  the  writer  discov- 
ered, upward  of  ten  or  twelve  yeirs 
ago,  that  pollen  in  the  brood  combs 
was    a    very  strong  factor    in    indue- 


330 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


ingf  swarming;  and,  however  perfect 
the  device  to  prevent  swarming  ma}' 
be,  clogging  the  brood  nest  with  it 
would  in  most  instances  induce  swarm- 
ing. This  necessitated,  at  the  time  of 
introducing  the  dummies  between  the 
brood  combs,  a  removal  of  such  as 
were  well  filled  with  pollen — leaving 
only  such  as  contained  but  little  or 
none.  This  being  carefully  done  at 
the  beginning  of  the  honey  flow,  re- 
sulted satisfactorily.  Still,  with  an 
intense  honey  flow,  and  a  consequent 
yield  of  pollen,  it  became  necessary  to 
remove  the  outside  comb  of  the  strong- 
est colonies,  at  the  end  of  two  or  three 
weeks  of  white  clover  yield.  Such 
combs  are  usuall}'  solid  with  pollen. 
Let  us  note  that  colonies  which  do  not 
swarm  are  possessed  with  double  the 
working  force,  and  for  which  reason, 
about  dt)uble  the  amount  of  pollen 
is  stored,  unless  working  on  linden 
The  reader  will  also  note  that 
swarming  in  such  an  event  is  the  onl}' 
relitf  tli.ii  can  be  aflforded  the  colony — 
outside  of  human  agency. 

Let  us  carefully  consider  how  beau- 
tifully Nature,  tiirough  the  instinctive 
workings  of  the  colony,  brings  this 
about.  With  the  brood  area  almost 
com|)ietely  clogged  with  pollen,  a  con- 
dition is  reached  not  unlike  that  of  a 
failing  queen,  when  roj'al  cells  are  be- 
gun, which  results  in  swarming. 
After  swarming,  this  excess  of  pollen 
is  part]}'  consumed  by  the  unsealed 
brood  in  various  stages  requiring  food. 
This  period  followed  by  twenty-one 
days  more  before  the  3'oung  queens 
progeny  matures  will  practically  re- 
duce the  supply  of  pollen  in  the  hive. 
We  now  see  how  Nature  in  the  economy 
of  the  hive  brings  about  a  perfect  bal- 
ance in  her  workings,  and  we,  to  meet 
Nature  in  this  respect,  must  remove 
the  excess  of  pollen  whenever  it  be- 
comes necessary. 

The  past  season,  with  drone  cell 
foundation  in  the  center,  and  worker 
at   the   ends   of  the    holders   in   each 


super,  accomplished  wonders — even 
more  than  was  at  first  expected  by  its 
use,  namely,  the  better  filling  of  the 
supers,  together  with  the  superior 
quality  of  honey  in  drone  cells. 

In  view  of  having  lengthened  the 
brood  frames  b}'  the  addition  of  slats 
at  each  end,  I  concluded  to  test  their 
utility  in  that,  perhaps,  the  removal  of 
pollen  might  be  avoided,  and  swarm- 
ing restrained  until  the  main  flow  had 
passed.  Although  but  little  hope  for 
success  was  entertained,  still  it  was 
deemed  best  to  make  the  test,  using 
most  of  the  colonies  in  the  yard.  Ac- 
cording!}', the  pollen  clogged  combs 
were  removed  from  but  a   few  colonies. 

It  also  suggested  itself  to  the  writer 
that  in  connection  with  the  slatted  end 
brood  frames,  narrower  dummies  might 
be  used;  and,  accordingly,  one-inch 
thickness  was  made  for  the  past  sum- 
mer's use,  instead  of  one-inch  and  a 
half,  the  standard  thickness.  This 
change  together  with  allowing  the  pol- 
len to  clog  the  brood  nest,  resulted  in 
ten  colonies  swarming,  out  of  the 
thirty.  But  the  test  was  a  necessity  in 
order  to  prove  the  value  of  additional 
length  in  the  brood  frames,  which  in- 
cluded the  slatted  ends  and  longer 
dummies.  Even  if  swarming  could  be 
prevented  without  the  removal  of  the 
excess  of  pollen;  the  clogging  of  the 
brood  area  would  be  a  detriment  to 
the  colony,  and  cause  it  to  dwindle,  for 
lack  of  brood.  While  I  expected  re- 
sults unsatisfactory,  I  had  no  means  of 
reaching,  short  of  an  experiment  in  the 
extreme  (as  this  was),  a  correct  under- 
standing with  positive  proof  as  to  the 
workings  of  a  colony  overstocked  with 
pollen.  Previous  to  this  season,  and 
since  the  discovery  of  pollen  being  a 
strong  a  strong  factor  in  introducing 
swarming.  I  have  not  allowed  it  to  clog 
the  colonies  of  my  yard;  hence,  the 
great  advance  made  towards  perfecting 
the  non-swarmer. 

Notwithstanding  the  disturbance 
caused  by    this  experiment,  by    which 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS    REVIEW 


331 


colonies  were  thrown  out  of  their  worli- 
ing  condition  of  non-swarmetrs,  one 
hundred  sections  per  colony  were  pro- 
duced this  season — taking^  into  consid- 
eration the  imperfect  control,  includinfj 
the  poor  season,  one  cannot  but  come 
to  realize  the  wonderful  advantages  of 
of  a  non-swarming-  hive.  There  has 
been  sufficient  evidence,  according  to 
my  judgment, that  with  perfect  control, 
even  the  past  inferior  season,  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  sections  per 
colony  could  have  been  produced. 

It  may  be  well  to  note,  in  this  con- 
nection, that  while  progress  is  being- 
rapidly  made  toward  the  completion  of 
a  perfect  non  swarmer,  the  hive  bodies 
have  also  been  changed  materially. 
The  coming  season  I  expect  to  provide 
new ,  hive  bodies    for  all    my    colonies, 


which  will  be  much  cheaper  than  my 
present  make.  Of  course,  my  experi- 
ments the  past  eighteen  years  have 
been  very  expensive,  which  is  true  if 
anything  of  merit  is  produced.  It  is 
the  firm  belief  of  the  writer  that  wita 
the  past  experience,  includiug^  the  im- 
provements tested  on  a  small  scale  this 
season,  that  swarming  will  be  per- 
fectly under  control  during  1907,  and 
with  colonies  which  can  produce  two 
or  three  times  the  amount  of  those 
managed  under  present  methods,  bee- 
keeping will  become  a  uniformly  pay- 
ing pursuit.  With  inferior  or  poor 
seasons,  and  swarming-  uncontrolled, 
failures  are  inevitable.  With  swarm- 
ing controlled,  such  seasons,  instead  of 
being  failures,  may  be  made  profit- 
able.      Jackson,  Mich.,  Oct.  20,  1906. 


)T  More  Nm' 


E.    A.    DAGGIT. 


(S 


OMB  honey  is  a  thing  of  beauty.  It 
is  delicious,  attractive  and  tempt- 
ing. It  is  a  rich,  nourishing  food,  and, 
besides,  makes  a  beautiful  decjration 
for  the  table  at  meal  time,  and  is  sure 
to  be  admired  when  present.  It  has 
a  beauty  of  its  own  that  it  fails  to  lose 
by  contrast  on  the  most  richly  set 
table;  and  what  can  be  found  better  to 
decorate  any  table,  even  the  most  rich- 
ly set,  than  a  honey  comb — a  specimen 
of  the  handiwork  of  the  little  bee — 
whose  delicate  waxen  cells  are  filled 
with  pearly  deliciousness  or  golden 
richness  and  overlaid  with  delicate 
white  cappings  ? 

Notwithstanding  its  beauty  and 
other  good  qualities,  comb  honey  has 
fallen  from  the  high  estate  it  once  oc- 
cupied.    There  is  a  shadow  on  its  once 


fair  name.  Not  so  deep  a  shadow  as 
that  c  ist  upon  the  name  of  its  sister 
product,  extracted  honey,  but  deep 
enough  to  detract  from  its  value  on  the 
market — thereby  lowering  its  price. 

This  is  the  age  of  adulier.ition  and 
fraud,  both  of  which  seem  to  be  almost 
universal,  almost  everything  that  can 
be  adulterated  is  adulterated.  Adul- 
teration is  fraud;  selling  something  else 
for  a  given  article  is  also  fraud;  even  if 
the  article  sold  is  just  as  good  as  the 
other.  The  transaction  on  the  part  of 
the  seller  is  deceitful  and  fraudulent 
In  the  general  suspicion  of  adulteration 
and  fraud,  honey — both  comb  and  ex- 
tracted— are  involved.  The  adultera- 
tion of  extracted  honey  has  been  so  ex- 
tensive that  the  suspicion  against  this 
kind   of  honey   is    well   founded.     So 


332 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


great  is  the  prejudice  against  it  from 
this  cause  that  it  is  a  difficult  matter 
to  sell  it,  even  when  the  producer  is 
known  to  be  honest,  unless  it  is  sold  at 
a  low  price. 

THERE     IS     PREJUDICE      EVEN     AGAINST 
COMB  HONEY. 

There  is  considerable  prejudice 
against  comb  hone}'.  There  are  quite 
a  number  of  people  who  believe  that  it 
is  manufactured  and  it  is  impossible 
to  make  them  believe  otherwise.  I  be- 
lieve that  idea  would  have  existed  even 
if  the  "W3lie  scientific  pleasantry" 
had  not  been  uttered  or  written.  In 
the  public  mind,  honey  is  universally 
associated  with  flowers,  and  any  de- 
parture from  securing  it — purely  a  na- 
tural product — makes  it  artificial  to 
the  extent  of  such  departure,  and  the 
consequence  has  been  a  suspicion 
against  it. 

MOST  COMB   HONEY  IS   NOT    STRICTLY  A 
NATURAL  PRODUCT. 

Judging  by  experience  and  observa- 
tion, I  fear  that  we  have  made  a  mis- 
take in  making  hone}',  of  any  kind,  in 
any  sense  artificial,  as  we  have  by  de- 
parture from  Nature's  ways.  Throw- 
ing honey  from  the  combs  and  refining 
it  artificially  makes  it,  in  part  at  least, 
artificial  and  unquestionably  inferior 
in  character;  and  what  is  almost  as 
bad,  or  even  worse,  is  securing  extract- 
ed honey  in  combs  that  brood  has  been 
reared  in,  whereby  the  flavor  of  the 
honey  is  injured.  Honey  gets  its  dis- 
tinctive character  and  each  kind  its 
distinctive  flavor  from  the  essential  oils 
that  give  them  flavor,  and  when  the 
flavor  is  injured  its  quality  is  also  in- 
jured and  the  product  is  inferior. 

I  think  that  feeding  back  extracted 
honey  to  get  unfinished  sections  com- 
pleted is  a  mistake.  These  sections, 
under  proper  management,  are  just 
what  are  needed  to  secure  the  next 
honey  crop.  It  is  more  profitable,  in 
my  opinion,  to  extract  the  honey  from 
them  and  use  them  in  the  supers  at  the 


beginning  of  each  harvest.  The  fact 
that  extracted  honey  when  fed  back  to 
bees  will  granulate  in  the  combs,  is 
proof  that  it  should  not  be  done;  and 
producing  honey  in  this  way  may  have 
created  more  or  less  prejudice  against 
comb  honey. 

THE      DAMAGE     DONE      BY     TfiE     SUGAR 
HONEY   DISCUSSIONS. 

I  fear  that  "the  sugar  honey"  theory 
has  been  a  fruitful  cause  of  the  sus- 
picion against  comb  honey.  "Sugar 
honey,"  being  wanting  in  the  princi- 
ples that  give  to  honey  its  distinctive 
character,  is  not  honey  at  all;  no  more 
than  mixing  water  and  alcohol  in  pro- 
per proportions  and  giving  the  mixture 
a  flavor  like  its  kind,  would  make  wine 
whiskey,  or  brand\'.  This  way  of 
making  liquor  was  heralded  Mrth, 
years  a^o,  with  a  great  blare  of  trump- 
ets, as  a  wonderful  scientific  discovery. 
Such  liquor  was,  of  course,  just  as 
healthful  as  the  natural  article,  if 
liquor  can  be  said  to  be  healtliful  at  all, 
but  soon  there  came  a  dead  stillness 
in  regard  to  the  matter,  and  no  more 
was  heard  of  it.  There  is  no  question 
but  that  there  is  plenty  of  imitation  li- 
quor made  and  much  that  is  injurious 
to  health,  but  they  are  made  and  sold 
under  cover.  We  no  longer  hear  any- 
thing about  the  "sugar  honey"  theory, 
still.  I  believe  there  is  more  or  less  of 
this  article  madeand  soldas  real  honey; 
in  fact  it  could  not  be  sold  otherwise. 
Its  sale  in  this  way  is  fraud.  What 
different  from  fraud  is  ittoprtJduce  an 
article  that  cannot  be  sold  for  itself  ? 
The  fact  of  making  a  thing  an  imita- 
tion of  something  else  is  suspicious  in 
itself. 

COMB      FOUNDATION    A     DKRTIMENT      TO 
COMB    HONEY. 

To  be  candid  and  fair,  it  must  be  ad- 
mitted that  the  use  of  comb  foundation 
in  sections  has  been  a  prolific  source, 
if  not  the  most  prolific  source,  of  the 
shadow  cast  on  one  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful and  delicious  of  Nature's  products 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


333 


— comb  honey.  So  convinced  am  I  of 
this  that  I  no  longer  use  full  sheets  of 
foundation  in  sections,  only  starters. 
I  am  not  sure,  but  I  believe  that  we 
would  have  been  better  oflf  if  we  had  not 
used  foundation  in  sections  at  all. 
When  I  first  began  bee  keeping  I  used 
only  starters  of  comb  in  sections,  and 
if  mj'  recollection  serves  me  right,  I  got 
just  as  well-filled  sections  as  I  have 
since  with  full  sheets  of  foundation.  I 
have  often  wondered  if  it  were  not  pos- 
ble  to  profitably  secure  honey  that  was 
in  every  sense  a  natural  product. 
The  idea  is  certainly  well  worth  try- 
ing. It  would  be  a  great  gain  if  we 
could  produce  comb  honey  so  that  we 
conld  honestly  paste  on  the  top  of  each 
section,  a  strip  of  paper  that  bore  these 
or  similar  words:  "This  honey  is  just 
a«  the  honey  bees  have  made  it  from 
the  nectar  they  gathered  from  the  fields 
and  forests;  and  is  in  every  sense  a 
natural  product,  both  as  to  comb  and 
hon'^y.  It  was  left  on  the  hives  until 
well-ripened,  and  hence,  possesses  that 
peculiar  richness  and  boquet  peculiar 
to  such  honey.  It  is  the  old  fashioned 
kind  of  honey  of  the  "long  ago.'' 

UXRIPE  COMB    HONEY. 

While  it  is  vitally  important  that 
honey  should  be  made  as  nearly  as 
possible  a  natural  product,  it  is  also 
important  to  have  the  honey  left  on  the 
hives  until  the  process  of  ripening  has 
sufficiently  advanced  and  the  cappings 
are  properly  glazed  over  with  propolis. 
Nature's  varnish,  to  keep  air  and  mois- 
ture out  of  the  honey,  the  cappings  be- 
ing porous  when  they  are  first  put  on. 
This  propolis,  for  some  reason,  is  call- 
ed "travel  stain."  Besides  keeping 
the  honey  from  coming  in  contact  with 
the  air  and  moisture,  it  serves  two 
other  purposes.  One  is  to  prevent  the 
bees  from  injuring  the  cappings  by 
clustering  and  traveling  on  them,  and 
the  other  is  to  aid  the  bees  in  walking 
and  clustering  on  the  combs — in  other 
words   to    keep    them    from    slipping. 


The  finished  sections  should  be  re- 
moved from  the  hives  while  the  cap- 
pings are  still  white,  although  practi- 
cal experience  has  taught  me  that  some 
color  to  the  cappings  is  no  objection  in 
the  local  trade.  When  I  began  bee- 
keeping I  used  to  remove  the  sections 
as  soon  as  the  cells  were  capped  over. 
The  combs  were  beautiful  specimens 
of  delicate  wax  work.  One  day  a  gro- 
ceryman  who  was  selling  this  honey 
said  to  me:  "What  is  the  matter  with 
your  honey  ?  People  that  I  have  sold 
it  to  think  that  it  is  manufactured."  I 
saw  the  point.  It  seemed  too  beautiful 
to  be  real,  which  it  was.  I  now  leave 
the  sections  on  until  the  cappings  are  a 
little  colored.  Owing  to  sickness  in 
the  family  and  other  things  to  attend 
to  the  past  year,  I  was  overwhelmed 
with  work  and  care,  and  the  conse- 
quence was  that  some  of  my  honey  was 
left  on  the  hives  longer  than  it  should 
have  been,  so  much  so  that  I  was 
ashamed  to  offer  it  for  sale;  but  I  did 
so,  when,  to  my  surprise,  no  fault  was 
found  with  it.  There  would  be  no  use 
securinjr  honey  of  such  delicate  white- 
uess  as  is  the  case  when  honey  is  just 
capped  over,  if  it  were  not  for  the  greed 
of  the  city  market  manipulator  who 
wishes  for  an  excuse  to  cut  down  the 
prices  at  every  turn.  His  cunning 
hand  is  plainly  evident  in  the  system 
of  grading  as  adopted  by  the  National 
Bee-Keepers'  Association.  He  fixes 
the  prices  to  both  producer  and  con- 
sumer and  calls  it  bvsiness. 

GRADING  RULES  A  DETRIMENT. 

The  best  way  to  grade  honey  for  the 
local  trade^towns  and  villages — that 
I  know  of  is  to  separate  the  discolored 
sections  from  the  real  and  also  those 
not  sufficiently  well  filled  and  capped 
over  for  market  and  then  grade  the 
others  with  regard  to  how  well  filled 
and  capped  over  they  are.  In  a  good 
season  the  third  grade  should  be  small 
in  proportion  to  the  others,  and  the 
first  grade  should  include   from    about 


334 


TKE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


one  half    to    three-fifths    of   the    whole 
number  of  marketable  sections. 

Making  honey  strictly  a  natural  pro- 
duct, even  if  we  do  not  get  quite  as 
much  for  it,  creates  in  us  a  degree  of 
satisfaction  that  amjunts  to  something 
in  itself.  It  would  be  the  conscious- 
ness that  we  are  not  doing  what  might 
excite  in  our  fellowmen  a  suspicion  of 
wrong  doing  which  might  excite  in 
them  a  temptation  to  dj  wro  ijf.  Tiiere 
is  in  the  world  to  lay  too  much  that  is 
questionable  in  character  if  not  posi- 
tively bad.  It  is  best  to  keep  above 
suspicion,  after  all,  it  is  principle  and 
character  that  count. 

BENEFITS    OF    MORALITY. 

We  should  take  pride  in  our  business 
from  a  higher  standpoint  than  mere 
money  getting — from  the  moral  and 
est  hetic  as  well  as  the  practical.  We 
should  carry  on  our  work,  no  matter 
whether  we  are  working  for  ourselves 
or  for  others,  with  interest  in  it  and 
from  love  of  it,  or  we  will  degrade  our 
work  and  we  will  ba  on  the  down  hill 
road  to  decay.  When  the  moral  powers 
decline,  in    time,  it  will    be  found  that 


the  physical  and  mental  powers  are 
also  declining;  in  fact,  these  powers 
seem  to  be  so  interlocked  with  each 
other  that  when  one  weakens  all  s-em, 
as  a  rule,  to  weaken.  To  keep  off  old 
age,  and  to  remain  3'uuiig,  we  must 
keep  in  full  strength  and  vigor  our 
physical,  mental  and  moral  powers. 
Activity  is  life.  I  think  it  may  be 
safely  said  that  the  "foundation  of 
youth"  lies  within  every  one.  To  all 
I  say,  keep  young.  If  old  age  is  steal- 
ing upon  you,  or  has  stolen  upon  you, 
shake  it  off.  Through  the  activity  of 
your  functions  bring  back  the  elastic 
step>  the  deep  and  quickened  thought, 
and  the  tenderest  emotion.  Gradually 
persevere,  and  success  will  attend  your 
efforts.  Effort  and  determination  will 
work  wonders,  and  here  is  the  richest 
field  for  their  labor  with  the  richest 
promise  of  the  greatest  rewards. 
Again  I  say  be  young.  Dress  young, 
act  young.  Be  young  in  heart,  be 
young  in  sympathy,  be  young  in  senti- 
ment, be  young,  be  young. 

Whitf  House  Sta.,  N.  J  ,  Feb   19,  '04. 


icientilically. 


?ir< 


G.    W.    DAYTON. 


ITU  LTHOUGH  Mr.  Getaz  says  on  page 
-Li  273  of  the  Review  that  the  food  is 
completely  transformed  before  assimi- 
lation, if  1  can  read  straight,  the 
transformation  of  food  is  capable  of 
being  carried  or  extended  so  far  or 
indefinitely  that  "complete  "  transfor- 
mation could  never  be  accomplished, 
nor  is  microscopic  science  able  to  de- 
termine the  fact  if  it  should  once  occur. 
If    there  were  complete  transformiition 


there  would  be  no  need  of  the  renewal 
of  species.  There  would  not  be  any 
old  age.  This  lack  of  complete  trans- 
formation is  the  cause  of  tlie  unlikenc-s 
of  all  living  organisms.  Every  organ- 
ism possesses  a  power  to  transform 
food  only  to  a  varying  degree  of  ])er- 
fection.  And  because  the  character- 
istic molecular  atoms  contained  in  the 
milk  of  cows  or  goats  (see  page  273) 
are    translerred   to  pur    systems,  lack- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


335 


ing"  complete  transformation,  is  the 
reason  for  our  preference  for  cow's  or 
goat's  milk,  according  to  which  a  per- 
son has  been  in  the  habit  of  using  and 
acquired  a  taste  for.  Taste  is  not 
cl'.aiT^ed  by  habits  but  through  habits 
w Inch  changes  the  system.  Then  taste 
changes  to  suit  the  system.  Yet  the  milk 
may  have  been  sufficiently  digested  or 
transformed  for  assimilation  into  the 
circulating  medium  of  our  bodies,  but 
still  a  portion  retaining  the  same 
molecular  organization  as  if  it  had  re- 
mained in  the  circulatory  medium  of 
the  cow  or  goat. 

Transformation  being  imperfect  it  is 
a  consequence  of  assimilation  being  im- 
perfect. The  blood  is  a  flowing  river 
from  which  the  different  organs  sepa- 
rate out  and  retain  molecular  materials 
suited  to  their  particular  needs.  The 
material  is  obtained  from  the  blood  in 
a  more  or  less  imperfect  state  and  the 
organism  begins  to  shape  this  way  or 
that  to  best  utilize  the  imperfect  mate- 
rial. Being  used  in  an  imperfect  con- 
dition it  is  all  the  sooner  cast  out  as 
effete,  not  always  because  it  is 
effete  from  having  been  in  use,  but  on 
the  account  of  the  imperfect  manner  of 
use.  which  may  be  the  result  of  imper- 
fect transformation,  imperfect  assimi- 
lation and  imperfect  construction  of 
organic  tissues.  It  returns  to  the 
blood  where  it  may  be  retained  or  even 
appropriated  by  other  organs  of  the 
body.  Few  if  any  of  the  constructive 
cells  of  the  body  are  perfectly  organ- 
ized, and  of  those  cast  out  few  or  none 
are  entirely  effete.  In  fact,  effete 
matter  its>elf  is  no  more  nor  less  than  a 
degree  of  disorganization  of  molecular 
cells — not  entire  annihilation.  Disar- 
rangement for  use  in  one  part  of  the 
system  may  organize  molecular  matter 
for  use  in  another  part  of  the  sj'stem. 
The  system  may,  in  time,  change  its 
constructive  requirements  so  as  to 
utilize  varying  materials.  Disease  is 
an  illustration  of  the  work  of  this 
faculty      It  is  seen  that  secretions,  like 


the  food  of  bees,  may  contain  molecular 
atoms  from  any  part  of  the  body  of 
nurse  bees.  They  may  have  occupied 
for  a  length  of  time,  the  ganglionic 
(brain)  tissue  and  cells;  appropriated 
their  vital  characteristics. 

Food  of  larval  bees  is  secreted  by 
glands  which  are  connected  with  the 
circulating  medium  of  the  nurse  bees. 
Glands  do  not  create  new  structures 
from  foreign  substances.  Merely  sep- 
arate out  and  reorganize  the  molec- 
ules and  cells  which  are  already 
present  and  afloat  in  the  circulating 
fluid.  Perfect  organization  or  trans- 
formation alters  the  utility  and  effect 
of  the  same  pre  existent  molecules  and 
cells.  Glands  may  not  perform  their 
their  work  more  perfectly  than  the 
other  organs  of  the  body.  Consequently 
the  change  calculated  to  be  made  and 
the  perfection  aimed  at  is  not  com- 
plete. 

In  case  the  young  bees  are  fed  on 
pure  honey  there  would  still  exist  the 
same  transmission  of  influences  of  the 
older  bees  since  the  change  of  nectar 
into  honey  is  performed  through  the 
addition  of  a  glandular  secretion 
derived  from  the  organic  circulation. 
The  influence  would  be  transferred, 
not  to  bees  only,  but  to  any  insects  or 
animals  which  consumed  the  honey. 
It  might  not  have  a  perceptible  influ- 
ence on  man,  because  he  also  subsists 
on  fifteen  to  thirty  other  kinds  of  food 
liable  to  exert  a  distracting  if  not  a 
really  counteracting  influence. 

If  the  "original  germ"  theory  is  cor- 
rect, one  organism  would  be  a  dupli- 
cate for  another  and  there  would  be 
nothing  to  inherit.  Environment,  also 
would  have  no  effect,  and  all  of 
the  five  senses  would  be  rendered  un- 
ncessary  and  useless.  Without  the 
operation  of  the  senses,  memory  and 
reason  would  soon  fail  because  of  lack 
of  activity  or  use. 

Chatswoktb,  Calif.,  Nov.  1,  1906- 


1% 


THE  BEE-KEEt>ERS'  REVIE-^ 


ir^rf^a^M^  i»fc»u»^'*^**«^*»  **«^«^^"  itFfc^M^v*^*^**^**"  «^«^«»^"  •;m*fc»»»<Kr'v»#«  •mW^^^^^p^A^m.  nP^f'^^^'  kF*,»kF»^  «^u»^^» 


Michigan  State  bee-keepers  will 
hold  their  annual  convention  in  Big 
Rapids,  Dec.  25  and  26,  when  there 
will  be  reduced  railroad  rates. 

My  Bees  and  those  of  my  brother, 
and  what  we  are  working-  on  shares, 
about  500  colonies  in  all,  are  all  in  the 
cellars — went  in  between  the  lOih  and 
20th  of  November. 

Propolis  may  be  prevented  from  stick- 
ing to  one's  fingers  by  the  use  of  grease, 
says  Jas.  A.  Green  in  Gleanings.  He 
urges  that  it  be  given  a  trial.  Vase- 
line will  answer.  Mr.  Green  uses 
mutton  tallow. 

The  Northwestern  convention,  to  be 
held  in  Chicago,  Dec.  5  and  6,  particu- 
lars in  regard  to  which  appear  else- 
where, is  really  one  of  the  best  conven- 
tions held  in  this  country— it  is  next  to 
the  National.  It  is  held  in  the  center 
of  a  great,  honey  producing  region,  as 
well  as  a  great  railroad  center,  and  at 
a  time  when  exceedingly  low  rates  are 
given  on  the  railroads,  and  everybody 
likes  to  go  to  Chicago,  at  least  once  a 
year,  and  feel  its  hustle  and  bustle 
and  see  the  sights.  The  editor  of  the 
Review  expects  to  attend  this  conven- 
tion, and  wishes  to  meet  as  many  as 
possible  of  his  friends. 

Last  Month  I  thought  this  issue  of  the 
Review  would  be  out  on  time,  or  pretty 
nearly  on  time,  but  we  "struck  a 
snag,"  or  something  worse,  in  making 
one  of  our  bee  cellars  in  Northern 
Michigan.  The  cellar  was  dug  in  the 
woods,  on  a  side  hill,  and  it  was  sandy 
on  top  and  we  expected  it  would  be 
sand  all   the  way    down,  but    after  we 


U(S)f 


i 


had  grubbed  out  a  few  small  trees,  and 
removed  a  net-work  of  roots,  and  then 
expected  clear  sailing,  we  struck  the 
hardest  kind  of  hard  pan,  and  every 
bit  of  the  rest  of  it  had  to  be  picked  out 
slowly  and  laboriously  witha  pickax 
To  make  matters  still  worse,  the  work 
was  seven  miles  from  home,  and  it  took 
us  nearly  half  the  time  to  come  and  go; 
but  there  was  no  help  for  it,  the  work 
/lad  to  be  done.  We  were  nearly  five 
weeks  in  building  three  cellars  and 
one  honey  house,  feeding  and  getting 
the  bees  ready  for  winter,  and  putting 
the  bees  in  the  cellars;  but  it  is  all 
done,  and  bees  and  cellars  all  in  good 
condition,  and  the  wintering  ought  to 
be  successful.  I'll  tell  you  all  about 
the  cellars,  and  how  the  bees  winter, 
before  it  is  time  to  build  cellars  an- 
other year. 

The  San  Antonio  Convention. 

For  the  lirst  time  in  several  3'ears  I 
missed  attending  the  National  conven- 
tion. I  had  been  laid  up  with  an  at- 
tack of  rheumatism  and  was  just  able 
to  be  about,  but  not  well  enough  to 
stand  a  long  journey  and  the  burly 
burly  of  a  convention.  From  letters 
that  I  have  received  I  learn  that  the 
attendance  was  about  150;  that  it  was 
a  good  convention;  that  harmony  and 
peace  prevailed;  that  the  next  conven- 
tion is  to  be  held  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, time  and  place  to  be  decided  by 
the  Executive  Board.  Three  separate 
amendments  were  proposed  ;  one  to 
prevent  supply  dealers  from  holding 
office;  one  to  keep  queen  breeders  out 
of  office;  and  the  third  to  do  the  same 
with  editors — all  were  lost.  It  does 
not  look  as  though  the  rank  and  tile 
were  so  very  "sore,"  after  all,  because 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


33 


tTien  of  these  classes  had  served  them 
as  officers.  By  the  waj',  one  candidate 
for  re-election,  Mr.  Geo.  E.  Hilton, 
says  definitely  that  he  will  neither  re- 
Migfn  nor  refuse  office  to  please  any  per- 
son or  persons.  I  admire  the  position 
that  he  has  taken.  I  might  add  that  it 
is  not  simply  because  of  all  this  talk 
about  dealers  and  editors  holding- 
office  that  I  am  declining  to  again 
accept  the  secretaryship;  the  main 
reason  is  that  I  am  overburdened  with 
work.  First,  there  is  the  Review  to 
look  after,  which  is  more  than  enough 
for  one  man,  then  there  is  the  looking 
after  foul  brood;  and  this  year,  I  have 
sever  il  hundred  colonies  of  bees.  With 
so  much  to  look  after,  something  is  sure 
to  be  neglected, 


■»<i»»^i»^«*« 


Chicago-Northwestern. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Chi- 
cago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers'  Asso- 
ciation take  great  pleasure  in  making 
the  following  announcement  : 

Through  the  kindness  of  friends  it  is 
possible  to  hold  the  next  convention  of 
our  Association  in  the  fine  hall  known 
as  "Brunt  Hall,"  in  the  Bush  Temple 
of  Music,  corner  of  Chicago  Avenue 
and  Clark  Street,  Chicago.  This  is 
the  same  hall  where  the  National  As- 
sociation met  last  December.  Ar- 
rangrements    have  been  made    with   the 


restaurant  in  the  basement  to  serve 
good  meals  at  ver3'  reasonable  rates. 
The  Revere  House  will  lodge  bee-keep- 
ers at  their  usual  low  rates.  This 
Hotel  is  at  the  corner  of  North  Clark 
and  Michigan  Streets. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Miller  writes:  "  I  don't 
how  much  I  can  do  toward  making  or 
marring  the  convention,  but,  Provi- 
dence permitting,  I'll  be  there." 

N.  E.  France  says:  "So  far  as  I 
know  now.  I  can  come." 

C.  P.  Dadant  writes:  "I  promise  to 
attend  your  convention  if  possible." 

Let  us  have  a  full  attendance  of  all 
the  bee  people  (  ladies  and  gentlemen) 
within  reach  of  Chicago.  Come  and 
see  the  great  International  Live  Stock 
Exposition,  and  spend  part  of  your 
time  at  the  bee-keepers'  convention. 

The  meeting  will  be  as  follows  : 
Wednesday,  Dec.  5,  10  a.  m.  to  12  m;  2 
p.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. ;  and  7  p.  m.  to  9:30 
p.  m.  Thursday,  Dec.  6,  9  a.  m.  to  12 
m  ;  and  2  p.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Question  box  all  the  time. 

Everybody  come  and  make  this  the 
biggest  and  best  bee-keepers'  conven- 
tion ever  held  in  Chicago.  Reduced 
rates  on  all  the  railroads. 

Geo.  W.  York,  Pres., 

Mrs.  N.  L.  Stow,  Vice-Pres., 

Herman  F.  Moore,  Sec. 

Executive  Committee. 


EXTRACTED  DEPARTMENT. 


NATIONAL  PURE  FOOD  LAW. 


Hs  Provisions,   Penallies  and  Scope. 


Gleanings  is  a  most  excellent  jour- 
nal, but  it  seems  as  though  the  Nov.  1st 
issue  was  just  packed  with  good  things, 
and  none  of  them  was  better  than  the 
resume  of  the    Hepburn  pure-food    bill 


that  passed  Congre.«s  last  June.  It  has 
been  years  since  tJiere  has  been  any 
legislatureof  so  much  importance  to  bee- 
keepers as  is  this  law.  Practically  it 
will  do  away  with  the  damning  and 
damaging  influence  of  adulteration.  I 
expected  to  give  this  a  "write-up"  for 
the  benefit  of  my  readers,  but  Mr. 
Root  has  done  the  same  thing  so  well, 
so  much  better  than  I  would  be  able  to 


338 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


do  it,  that  I  will  simply  cop}'  his  edi- 
torial entire,  and  thank  him  for  the 
privilege.     Here  is  what  he  says  : — 

The  Hepburn  pure-food  bill,  one  of 
the  most  important  measures  that  ever 
passed  Congress,  became  a  law  on 
June  30th  of  this  3-ear,  but  will  not  be 
in  force  until  January  1,  1907.  I  have 
before  me  a  copy  of  the  law,  and  the 
rules  and  regulations  applying  to  said 
law  as  they  were  prepared  by  the  Sec- 
retaries of  the  Treasury,  of  Agricul- 
ture, and  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 
That  the  new  law  has  "teeth"  in  it, 
can  not  be  denied.  It  is  going  to  do 
more  to  wipe  out  adulteration  and  mis- 
branding than  anything  that  has  ever 
been  done  for  half  a  century.  While 
in  a  sense  it  is  restricted  to  interstate 
and  territorial  business,  yet  \{&  prarii- 
cat  working  effect  will  be  to  prevent  the 
dishonest  food  and  medicine  purveyors 
from  doing  business  in  aJiy  Sfote, 
whether  it  has  a  pure  food  law  or  not. 
No  glucose  mixer  or  adulterator,  after 
January  1st  next,  will  dare  put  his 
goods  on  the  market  again;  for  if  he 
does  he  is  liable  to  run  up  against 
Uncle  Sam  in  a  way  that  will  not  only 
subject  him  to  a  heavy  fine,  but  may 
put  him  behind  the  bars  where  he  will 
stay  for  a  time.  It  is  a  well-known 
fact  that  law-breakers  are  far  more 
afraid  of  United  States  officials  than 
mere  State  officers. 

It  is  vitally  necessary  that  every  bee- 
keeper and  honey-seller  know  some- 
thing about  this  new  law.  Even 
honest  men  might  inadvertently  become 
eixtrapped;  and  it  is  important,  alike, 
for  both  the  law-abiding  as  well  as  the 
would-be  law-breaker  to  kno»v  what 
the  law   is. 

In  a  general  way  it  makes  it  a  crime 
against  the  United  States  to  misbrand 
or  adulterate  cn?y  food  product,  medi- 
cine or  liquor,  without  showing  the  ex- 
act contents  on  the  outside  of  the  pack- 
;ige.  In  any  State  where  there  is  no 
pure-food  law  one  may  adulterate  and 
misbrand  as  before,  proindivy;  his  pro- 
ducts do  not  go  beyond  tjie  limits  of 
that  Slate.  But  the  moment  they  pnss 
beyord  the  border-line  into  another 
State  lie  is  liable  to  fine  and  imprison- 
ment. There  is  where  the  rub  is  In- 
asmuch as  it  would  be  impossible  to  do 
astrictly  within-the-State  business,  the 
practical  working  efll'ect  of  the  law 
would  be  that  misbranding  and  adul- 
terating will  have  to  stop  on  ev(  ry  foot 
of  ground  owned  or  controlled  by  any 
State   or   by    the    United  States    as  a 


whole.  The  law  goes  farther.  One 
cannot  adulterate  or  misbrand  goods 
that  are  to  be  used  for  export  into  a 
foreign  country  without  taking  fearful 
chances. 

PENALTIES. 

Any  person  who  shall  violate  any 
provision  of  this  law  relating  to  an  in- 
terstate or  territorial  business  shnll 
be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  .shall 
on  conviction,  be  fined  not  to  exceed 
$500,  or  be  senterced  to  one  year's  im- 
prisonment, or  both;  such  fine  and  im- 
prisonment to  be  at  the  discretion  of 
the  court.  For  each  subsequent  offense 
and  conviction  he  shall  be  lined  not 
less  than  $1000,  or  sentenced  to  one 
year's  imprisonment,  or  both,  at  the 
discretion  of  the  court. 

The  penalty  for  exporting  mis- 
branded  goods  will  be  $200  for  the  first 
offense,  and  $500  for  a  succeeding 
offense,  or  to  be  imprisoned  one  year, 
or  both,  at  the  discretion  of  the 
court. 

GUARANTEE  OF  PURITY  REQUIRED. 

A  special  feature  of  this  bill  is  that 
no  dealer  in  food  or  drug  products  will 
be  liable  to  prosecution  if  he  can  show 
that  the  goods  were  sold  under  a  guar- 
antee of  purity  from  the  wholesaler, 
manufacturer,  jobber,  dealer,  or  other 
party  residing  in  the  United  States, 
from  whom  purchased.  It  is  proper  to 
remark  right  here  that  it  is  very  im- 
portant that  every  purchaser  of  honey 
or  beeswax  secure  from  each  wholesale 
jobber  or  producer,  that  the  goods 
purchased  are  guaranteed  by  him  to 
be  pure.  In  the  event  that  it  is  found 
afterward  that  they  are  adulterated  or 
misbranded.  the  presentation  of  this 
guarantee  by  the  dealer  will  protect 
him,  when  proceedings  will  be  taken 
up  against  the  maker  of  the  guarantee, 
and  he,  in  turn,  as  I  understand  the 
law,  can  go  back  to  the  original  pro- 
ducer, provided,  of  course,  that  he  in 
return  is  protected  also  by  a  guarantee 
of  purity  from  said  producer.  As  I 
understand  it,  this  guarantee  will  not 
apply  in  any  case  where  the  original 
package  in  which  the  goods  were  re- 
ceived has  been  broken  and  the  goods 
have  been  put  into  other  packages. 

It  will  come  to  a  pass  that,  before  a 
sale  can  be  consummated,  a  guarantee 
of  purity  will  have  to  be  furnished. 
Wheti  the  examination  or  analysis 
shows  that  the  food  or  drugs  are 
adulterated,  the  dealer  furnishing  such 
goods  shall  be  duly  notified. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


339 


PKOCEDURK     WHKN     ADULTEKATION     OR 

MISBRANDING  HAS    BICEN  DETECTED 

BY  A  UNITED  STATES 

OKEICEK. 

Section  4  of  the  law  is  liberal  to- 
waril  the  suspected  ofi'ender  in  that  it 
jrives  him  a  chance  for  hearin^"^  be- 
fore the  actual  penalty  is  applied. 
When  examination  or  analysis  shows 
Ihat  he  is  possibly  or  probably  i,'-iiilty, 
notice  is  served  to  him  or  to  the  parties 
from  ulii.mhe  obtained  the  floods,  or 
executed  the  {guarantee  as  provided  in 
the  law.  A  date  is  fixed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  Afi^ricultnre,  or  such  other  ofh- 
rial  connected  with  tlie  food  and  drug 
i'lspection  service  as  may  be  commis- 
sioned by  him  for  that  purpose,  when 
a  hearing  shall  he  held.  Said  hearing 
shall  he  in  private,  and  shall  be  con- 
fined to  questions  of  fact.  If  it  be 
shoA-n  .hat  a  mistake  has  been  made, 
the  parlies  shall  be  discharged,  but  if 
it  lie  shown  that  he  is  guilty,  the  fact 
will  he  published,  and  in  addition  the 
offender  will  be  subject  to  the  penalties 
alrea<ly  mentioned. 

The  adulterators  of  food  products 
fear  publicity  more  than  anything  else. 
They  do  not  care  so  much  about  a 
small  hue;  but  Uncle  Sam  has  fixed  it 
so  that  the  law-breaker  shall  get  a  big 
fine,  some  free  advertising,  and,  in 
addition,  a  free  ride,  perhaps  to 
prist. n.  No  wonder  there  was  a  tre- 
mendous glucose  lobby  present  to 
kill  or  weaken  the  measure  when  it 
was  before  Congress.  No  wonder  the 
liquor  and  patent  medicine  people 
feared  it. 

MISBRANDING    OR    LABELING    HONEY    AS 

COMING   FROM   ONE  APIARY   THAT 

WAS  PRODUCED  IN  ANOTHER. 

Not  only  ia  it  made  a  crime  against 
the  United  States  to  misbrand  an  arti- 
cle of  food  by  putting  out  a  cheap 
substitute  untler  the  name  of  something 
better,  as.  for  example,  a  glucose 
mixture  for  hone5',  but  it  will  also  be 
unlawful  to  sell  a.  fitire  honey  under  a 
label  showing  that  it  came  from  some 
particular  apiary  when,  as  a  matter  of 
fact,  it  was  produced  in  another.  Let 
us  take  a  concrete  case:  Mr.  John 
Jones  has  purchased  a  lot  of  labels 
that  read  "Pure  Honey  from  the 
Apiary  of  John  Jones  "  We  will  say 
he  has  produced  10,000  lbs.  of  extracted 
honey.  He  has  a  right  to  use  this  label 
on  all  the  honey  he  produces  in  his 
apiarj'   or   apiaries,^  but   on    no  other. 


hoivevcr  pure.  He  builds  up  a  big 
trade,  and  there  is  more  demand  for 
his  goods.  His  10,000  pounds  of  h's 
own  production  is  all  gone.  He  goes 
out  into  the  open  market  and  buys  more 
honey  of  the  same  source,  no  better 
no  worse  than  he  produces  in  his  own 
yard;  but  if  he  uses  the  same  label  to 
put  out  his  honey  he  will  be  rendering 
himself  liable  if  I  understand  the  law. 
It  is  true  no  chemist  could  ever  show 
whether  the  honey  bearing  such  labels 
was  proiluced  in  his  apiary  or  not;  but 
other  evidence  might  show  a  misbrand- 
ing, and  our  Mr.  Jones  would  be  up 
against  Uncle  Sam  in  a  way  that  would 
kill  him  before  his  own  trade. 

The  law  does  not  prevent  him.  how- 
ever, from  adopting  a  trade  lab^l  of 
wider  scope  rending  something  like 
this:  "Pure  Clover  Honey  put  up  by 
John  Jones."  Under  this  label  he  may 
sell  his  own  honey  and  that  which  he 
purchases.  But  just  the  moment  he 
buys  a  mountain  sage  or  a  pure  bass- 
wood  and  sells  it  under  that  label,  he 
will  be  rendering  himself  liable  again. 
If  he  desires  to  have  a  stock  label  that 
will  apply  to  both  white,  red.  and 
alfalfa  clover  honey  he  can  use  the 
words  "Pure  Clover  Honey  put  up  by 
John  Jones,"  for  alfalfa  is  a 
clover  the  same  as  sweet  or  red 
clover.  He  might  in  my  opinion,  with- 
out being  liable, but  if  he  desired  to 
put  up  a  blend  of  clover  and  basswood 
or  sage  honey  he  had  better  adopt  the 
wording,  "Pure  Extracted  Honey,  put 
up  by  John  Jones."  In  every  case, 
when  John  Jones  buys  honey  he  will 
do  well  to  require  the  seller  to  give 
him  a  guarantee  of  purity. 

The  law  is  very  clear  in  making  it 
unlawful  to  represent  that  a  certain 
food  product  was  produced  in  any  par- 
ticular State  when,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
it  came  from  another  State.  To  illus- 
trate, no  more  can  Ohio  cheese  be  sold 
as  New  York  cheese.  In  the  same  wav 
Wisconsin  honey  could  not  be  sold 
under  the  name  of  York  State  honey 
without  rendering  somebody  liable. 

FORM    OF   GUARANTEE. 

As  I  have  already  stated,  it  is  quite 
important  that  every  bee-keeper  when 
he  buys  honey  from  some  other  bee- 
keeper, jobber  or  dealer,  make  him 
give  a  guarantee  of  purity.  The  guar- 
antee suggested  is  as  follows  : 

I  [vvel  the  uidersiKTifd  do  hereby  flruarantee 
that  honey  or  beeswa.v  shippedf  distributed,  or 
sold  by  me  lusl  specifyiiiB' the  same  as  fully  as  pos- 
sible! is  not  adulterated  or  misbranded  within  the 
meaning  of  the  frod  and  druirs  a  t,    June  30,  1906, 

(SiGNKI)  IN  INK.) 


340 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Our  customers  are  asking  us  to  fur- 
nish this  g^uarantee,  and  we  in  turn  are 
asking  those  who  furnish  us  honey  or 
beeswax  to  give  us  the  same  guarantee. 
No  producer  or  jobber  should  hesitate 
to  furnish  such  a  writing  :  for  the 
moment  he  hesitates,  that  moment  his 
goods  will  be  under  suspicion. 

GENERAL  EFFECT  OF  THE  LAW. 

There  are  many  provisions  of  this 
law;  but  those  already  given  are  the 
principal  ones  that  relate  to  bee  keep- 
ing. Suffice  it  to  say,  its  general  pro- 
visions apply  equally  to  all  products, 
medicines,  and  liquors.  No  more  can 
a  medicine  be  sold  under  an  innocent 
name  and  contain  some  powerful  poison 
unless  the  exact  amount  of  such  poison 
as  well  as  any  other  ingredients  be 
stated  on  the  label.  Thou'-ands  of 
people  have  died  as  the  result  of  liqnor, 
cocaine,  strychnine,  and  other  deadlj' 
poisons  administered  in  medicines  hav- 
ing an  innocent  name. 

The  effect  of  this  provision  of  the  law 
is  going  to  be  to  drive  a  lot  of  danger- 
ous proprietary  medicines  out  of  the 
market.  As  soon  as  the  dear  public 
knows  what  these  innocent-sounding 
medicines  are,  it  will  leave  them 
severely  alone,  and  it  ought  to. 

This  national  pure-food  law  may 
rope  in  some  innocent  bee-keepers 
and  other  well-meaning  persons;  but 
it  is  their  business  to  ktioiv  the  law, 
and  Gleanings  has  taken  this  oppor- 
tunity to  inform  them. 

Every  pound  of  honey  that  one  buys 
of  somebody  else  should  be  covered  by 
a  guarantee,  else  the  purchaser  may 
assume  a  great  risk;  and,  further,  the 
label  shall  not  be  misleading  in  any 
manner  whatsoever. 


WINTERING  BEES  IN  CLAMPS. 


Have    a    Sandy  Hillside;    Use    Plenty    of 

Straw;  Give  no  Ventilaiion;  and 

Protect  in  the  Spring. 


I  look  upon  Mr.  E.  D.  Townsend  as 
about  the  most  successful,  extensive, 
practical  bee-keeper  there  is  in  Michi- 
gan—perhaps he  stands  at  the  head — 
and  anything  from  his  pen  is  always 
helpful  to  the  man  who  is  making  a 
business  of  bee-keeping.  It  may  be  a 
little  late    to  put    in  practice,  this  fall, 


some  of  the  ideas  given  in  his  article 
appearing  in  November  1st  Gleanings, 
but  some  of  them  will  come  handy  next 
spring,  while  the  general  principles 
brought  out  are  suitable  for  application 
at  any  time.  Here  is  what  Mr.  Town 
send  says : 

It  is  hot  this  morning,  August  20 — a 
morning  the  least  suggestive  of  zero 
weather  and  the  wintering  of  bees;  but 
it  was  so  last  year,  and  winter  fol- 
lowed, so  we  will  prepare  as  usual. 

With  a  pencil  and  a  roll  of  paper  I 
have  wandered  down  to  the  Pine  Lake 
bee-yard,  three-fourths  of  a  mile  south 
of  the  town.  Long  before  I  reached 
the  apiary  the  low  hum  of  the  bees 
could  be  distinct!}'  heard;  then  a  little 
later  that  well-known  (to  bee. keepers) 
aroma  of  the  buckwheat  was  evident; 
then  the  birds  are  gathering  in  flocks 
preparatory  for  that  southern  flight  to 
winter  quarters.  In  the  distance  the 
katydids  could  be  heard  chirping. 
The  leaves  are  turning  golden,  as  in 
fall.  These  and  many  other  indica- 
tions give  evidence  that  the  season  is 
nearing  its  end,  and  we  cannot  help 
asking.  "What  has  the  harvest  been  ?" 
Yes,  I  live  in  town,  and  have  no  home 
yard,  so  my  experience  for  the  last  six 
years  has  been  wholl}'  with  out-yards. 
Then  I  had  another  reason  besides 
writing  for  coming  out  to  one  of  my 
yards  I  said  the  buckwheat  was  in 
bloom.  Yes,  and  it  has  been  for  the 
past  ten  days — a  two  or  three  pound 
flow  per  da}',  and  during  all  this  time 
there  have  been  no  surplus  receptacles 
on  the  hives.  The  consequences  are, 
the  brood-nests  are  just  bulging  out 
with  this  early  August  buckwheat 
honey  for  winter  stores.  It  would  do 
your  heart  good.  Editor  Root,  to  raise 
the  covers  oft^  some  of  the  400  colonies 
here  near  Remus  and  see  the  great  fat 
combs  of  honey  the  bees  are  storing 
and  sealing  for  their  winter  supplies; 
for  3'ou  know  those  York  State  bee- 
keepers tell  us  that  this  early  buck- 
wheat honey  is  fine  for  wintering  bees, 
and  from  what  e.xperience  I  have  had 
with  it  I  am  satisfied  it  is  all  right; 
but  I  do  not  want  any  aster  or  lite  un- 
sealed fall  honey  left  in  the  hive  for 
winter  stores;  so  as  fast  as  the  stronger 
colonies — in  fact,  as  fast  as  any  of  the 
colonies  get  their  combs  sealed  up  full 
of  this  earlj'  buckwheat  honey — we 
gave  them  upper  stories  to  catch  this 
latter  end  of  the  flow  or  that  part  of  the 
honey  that  is  undesirable  for  winter 
stores. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


341 


A  few  years  ago  we  used  to  get  all 
the  honey  we  conld  get  put  into  the 
upper  stories;  then  during  the  last  half 
of  September  in  this  location,  when  the 
brood  was  pretty  well  hatched  out,  we 
fed  granulated  sugar  syrup  to  make 
up  any  shortage  in  winter  stores. 
This  latter  plan  is  very  good  indeed 
when  one  has  but  few  bees  and  plenty 
of  time;  but  when  one  begins  to  count 
his  colonies  by  the  hundred,  and  many 
of  them  are  away  from  home,  we  find 
that  many  methods  we  used  to  tolerate 
and  practice  wiih  one  home  yard  are 
not  practical  when  one  is  managing 
several  out-yards.  Then  from  a  finan- 
cial standpoint  the  difference  in  price 
between  the  buckwheat  honey  and 
granulated  sugar  is  offset  by  the  item 
of  labor  in  extracting  the  honey  and 
feeding  back  the  sugar. 

I  told  you  above,  there  was  one 
reason  besides  writing  that  called  me 
to  the  bee-yard  this  beautiful  August 
morning.  It  is  this  :  The  allowing  of 
the  bees  to  crowd  their  hives  so  full  of 
honej'  has  caused  a  verj'  few  to  swarm; 
and  to  catch  these  stray  swarms  is  the 
other  reason.  What  I  do  with  these 
late  swarms  is  another  subject. 

By  this  time  the  reader  will  have  a 
pretty  good  idea  of  the  condition  our 
bees  will  be  in  when  the  season  closes, 
so  I  can  now  take  up  the  main  subject, 
the  wintering  of  bees  in  clamps. 

In  the  first  place,  the  word  "clamp" 
may  confuse  some.  It  is  nothing  more 
than  a  trench  dug  in  the  earth,  about 
18  inches  deepi,  and  wide  enough  so 
two  rows  of  hives  will  go  in  nicely 
without  crowding;  then  the  length  of 
the  clamp  will  depend  on  the  length  of 
our  2x4  scantling  which  we  place  in 
the  bottom  of  the  clamp  lengthwise  to 
set  the  hives  on.  It  may  .seem  strange 
that  the  length  of  the  scantling  should 
have  anything  to  do  with  the  length  of 
the  pit.  The  fact  is,  it  does  not.  We 
simply  dig  our  pits  this  length  for  con- 
venience, for  we  find  that  it  does  not 
make  any  difference  about  the  length, 
only  we  had  rather  better  results  with 
from  20  to  35  colonies  to  the  pit,  so  of 
late  years  we  make  three  or  four  pits 
to  the  yard,  of  20  odd  colonies.  Three 
scantling  are  laid  in  the  bottom  of  the 
pits — one  in  the  center  and  one  at  each 
side,  flat  side  down,  to  set  the  hives  on. 
The  hives  are  set  in  without  bottoms, 
or  with  the  deep  entrance  open  if  the 
bottom  board  is  left  on.  Then  we 
think  the  combs  come  through  the 
winter  in  better  shape — that  is,  with 
1©S5  mold   and  dampness — if   we  raise 


the  covers  half  an  inch  or  so  to  provide 
upward  ventilation  through  the  hives. 
As  we  give  no  outside  ventilation,  the 
hives  and  combs  are  somewhat  damp 
when  we  dig  them  out  in  spring.  We 
have  tried  outside  ventilation.  While 
the  hives  and  combs  come  through  the 
winter  in  a  little  better  condition,  the 
bees  did  not  come  through  quite  as 
strong;  for  you  see  it  is  hard  to  ar- 
range an  outside  ventilator  in  a  clamp 
so  it  will  not  let  in  more  or  less  light; 
and  we  laj'  it  to  this  light  that  the  bees 
worry  and  lose  a  larger  per  cent  of 
their  numbers  than  without  venti- 
lation. 

When  a  pit  is  full  of  hives  arranged 
as  above,  the  top  of  the  hives  will  be 
three  or  four  inches  below  the  surface 
of  the  ground  our  pit  is  dug  in.  We 
now  throw  on  18  inches  of  long  straw, 
the  same  as  if  we  were  burying  pota- 
toes, apples,  etc.  Of  course  it  will  not 
be  18  inches  deep  when  the  earth  is 
shoveled  on,  but  it  ought  to  be  18 
inches  when  arranged  with  the  fork 
ready  for  the  earth.  We  now  shovel 
on  earth  until  we  are  sure  no  frost  will 
reach  them.  It  usually  takes  some 
more  earth  than  we  throw  out  of  the 
pit  to  cover  them  properly. 

They  are  now  ready  for  their  long 
winter  sleep;  and  if  it  is  vour  first 
venture  in  this  way  of  wintering  I 
know  just  how  you  feel  when  you  are 
throwing  on  the  last  shovelful  of  earth, 
thus  (to  you)  shutting  off  the  last  bit  of 
air  from  them,  as  if  you  were  glad  it's 
only  a  few  of  your  bees  you  are  run- 
ning the  risk  on.  We  used  to  call  our 
first-buried  pit  of  22  colonies  "the 
grave"  and  the  neighbors  would  look 
dubious,  and  make  remarks  something 
like  this:  "He  is  a  little  off;"  "one 
would  think  to  look  at  him  he  had 
more  brains;"  "bull-headed  people 
sometimes  go  wrong,"  etc. 

Of  course,  we  knew  nothing  of  these 
sayings  until  3  ears  aftewards,  when 
the  success  of  this  way  of  wintering 
was  assured;  then  one  and  then  an- 
other would  speak  out  and  say,  "I  did 
not  think  it  possible  to  burj'  bees  up 
excluding  all  the  air,  and  have  a 
single  bee  come  through  alive."  Then 
he  would  tell  of  what  Jones  said  when 
he  first  heard  of  my  burj'ing  bees, 
something  on  the  line  of  the  quotations 
above. 

The  soil  ought  to  be  of  a  loose  sanJy 
consistency.  Keep  throwing  on  dirt 
until  no  more  will  stay,  as  we  depend 
on  this  steep  slope  of  the  pit  to  turn 
the  water  off.     Then  a  good  idea  is  to 


342 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


have  surface  drains  along  each  side  of 
the  pits  to  carry  off  any  water  that 
ir.ay  come  that  way. 

In  this  location  we  bury  during-  tlie 
last  half  of  November  and  dig- them  out 
as  soon  as  the  frost  is  out  of  the  pits, 
usually  the  last  week  of  March. 

In  uticovering-  the  pits,  shovel  off  all 
the  earth  except,  say,  two  inches,  leav- 
ing- enough  sand  so  the  bees  can  not 
get  out.  Of  course,  this  getting  a 
whiff  of  fresh  air  will  cause  the  bees  to 
make  quite  a  demonstration;  but  they 
will  not  leave  their  hives  then.  Just 
at  night,  when  it  is  too  late  for  the 
bees  to  fly,  remove  the  rest  of  the  earth 
and  straw.  Thus  far  the  uncovering 
has  been  done  the  day  before  you  ex- 
I'ect  a  good    day  for  them   to  fly.     The 


onies  last  winter  in  clamps  without 
the  loss  of  a  single  good  one,  and  that 
we  will  winter  450  of  our  600  colonies 
this  way  next  winter. 

If  you  look  at  the  accompanying 
half-tone,  you  will  see  our  motle  of 
protecting  bees  during  spring  with 
building-paper.  The  ideal  wa}',  and 
the  way  we  do  when  we  are  supplied 
with  those  ^s-thick  board,  brood-nest 
covers,  is  to  remove  the  hive-cover  and 
place  one  of  these  thin  covers  on,  then 
fold  the  paper  around  the  hive  nicely, 
as  the  half  tone  will  show,  then  nail  on 
four  lath  at  the  bottom.  Put  30ur  hive 
cover  on,  held  down  with  a  stone  or 
brick,  as  the  wind  is  more  likely  to 
blow  covers  when  prepared.  With  this 
protection,  even  in  the  coldest   weather 


Hive  Protected  by  Tarred  Felt. 


next  morning  the  bees  will  all  be 
clustered  in  their  hives,  and  can  be 
set  on  their  summer  stands  without  a 
single  bee  flying.  After  trying  several 
different  plans  of  removing  bees  from 
clamps,  the  one  described  above  is  de- 
cidedly the  best.  It  might  give  some 
timid  bee-keeper  courage  to  tr}'  this 
plan  to  knovi'  that  we  wintered  3U0  col- 


in  April,  the  bees  will  be  clustered 
clear  across  our  ten-frame  hives,  just 
as  they  do  in  chaff"  hives,  with  the 
additional  advantage  over  the  chaflf 
hive  of  the  benefit  of  the  sun  heat  dur- 
ing the  day. 

I    have    for    several    years    wintered 
bees    in   clamps,  and   can  most  thor- 


THE  BEE-IvF.EPERS'  REVIEW 


343 


oughly  endorse  all  that  Mr.  Townsend 
says  regarding  the  wintering  of  bees 
in  clamps.  The  first  and  most  impor- 
tant requisite  is  a  sand^'  hill  side. 

Without  this,  success  is  problemati- 
cal. Clay  is  death.  I  have  tried  it 
repeatedly  No  matter  what  you  may 
think,  or  feel,  no  ventilation  is  needed 
in  a  sandy  soil. 

Bees  can  be  wintered  as  perfectly  in 
a  clamp  as  in  a  cellar,  but  no  more  so, 
and.  cnl3'  the  dtubt  of  permanently 
occupying  a  location  gives  an  excuse 
for  emplo3'ing  the  clamp  method.  I 
have  this  fall  helped  to  build  three 
cellars,  each  with  a  capacity  for  200 
colonies,  and  the  cost  was  about  $50.00 
for  each  cellar.  The  interest  on  this 
sum,  even  at  10  percent,  would  be  only 
$5  00  a  year,  and  200  colonies  could 
not  be  buried  and  dug  out  for  much 
less  than  five  tim.es  that  amount.  An- 
other point:  A  cellar  allows  the  bees 
to  be  hustled  in,  if  the  season  is  late, 
and  winter  coming  on,  while  the 
clamp  method  takes  some  little  time 
with  large  numbers  In  my  opinion, 
only  the  unceitainty  of  occupying  a 
location  justifies  the  use  of  the 
clamp. 


WINTERING    BFES. 


Some  Excellent  Advice  From  an  Excellent 
Man. 


In  many  locations  in  the  North,  the 
real  problem  of  successful  bee-keeping 
lies  in  the  successful  wintering  of  the 
bees,  and  I  know  of  no  one  who  has 
been  more  successful  in  this  line,  in  a 
large  way,  especially  in  out-door  win- 
tering, than  my  old  friend  N.  E. 
France,  who  contributes  the  following 
article  to  Gleanings  : 

In  the  Northern  States  successful 
wintering  of  bees  is  quite  a  problem. 
The  more  I  study  this  as  I  visit 
apiaries,  the  more  I  believe  the  bee- 
keeper is  to  blame  for  losses.  How, 
then  can  they  be  prevented  ? 


1.  I  want,  early  in  July,  more 
sealed  honey  in  the  brood-oom'is  than 
is  necessary  to  winter  thecolony.  The 
unused  honey  in  the  spring  will  all  be 
usod  to  feed  early-hatched  brood,  and 
I  often  find  weak  colonies  or  dead  ones, 
as  I  go  over  the  State  in  the  spring, 
that  are  starved  or  nearly  so.  Starving 
colonies  in  spring  are  seldom 
profitable.  This  shortage  also  causes 
the  bees  to  eat  too  much  pollen,  and 
dysentery  will  follow. 

2.  During  the  latter  part  of  the 
honey  harvest  I  remove  every  queen, 
and  at  the  same  time  replace,  with 
new  queens,  either  those  which  I  buy 
or  some  raised  in  the  apiary  for  the 
purpose.  This  will  leave  the  hives 
soon  after  the  honey-flow  with  fewer 
old  bees  to  feed  during  the  fall,  that 
would  die  before  winter  anyway,  thus 
saving  winter  food.  The  new  queen 
will  fill  the  hives  in  the  fall  with 
young  workers  that  will  live  through 
the  trying  months  to  maintain  heat  and 
care  for  early  brood  in  the  spring.  In 
this  northern  climate  where  winters 
are  hard,  I  do  not  dare  to  winter 
queens  twice,  for  they  are  liable  to  die 
in  the  spring,  leaving  queenless  cilon- 
ies  that  are  of  little  value. 

3.  The  location  of  the  apiary  often 
decides  success  or  failure,  especially 
if  bees  are  wintered  outside.  The 
apiary  should  be  well  sheltered  from 
cold  winds,  the  hives  provided  with 
young  queens  and  an  abundance  of 
young  workers,  and  well  filled  with 
honey  in  the  fall.  It  is  well  to  allow 
a  free  flight  of  bees  twice  during  the 
winter, on  warm  days;  the  hives  should 
be  protected  from  the  outside  air  with 
heaving  building  paper,  or  by  an  out- 
side casing.  If  the  above  conditions 
are  met  I  would  rather  winter  the  bees 
on  summer  stands.  It  is  much  less 
work,  and  the  amount  of  extra  food 
consumed  (not  over  10  lbs.)  will  not 
pay  for  the  extra  labor.  The  illustra- 
tion (see  next  page)  shows  such  an 
apiary  of  over  100  colonies,  protected 
with  building-paper,  in  a  sheltered 
location;  the  winter  loss,  including 
spring  dwindling,  is  never  over  2  per 
cent.  The  hive  in  the  foreground  has 
the  outside  p.iper  removed,  showing 
the  brood-chamber  and  the  super  of 
sealed  combs  for  winter  food. 

As  I  go  among  hundreds  of  apiaries 
inspecting  bees  I  find  a  large  portion 
of  the  apiaries  are  not  so  located  as  to 
be  protected,  and  outside  wintering 
results  in  heavy  loss.  Cellar  winter- 
ing then  must  be  resorted  to.  Go  )d 
results  are  obtained  where  the  bees  are 


344 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  KEVIEW 


CO 


2     S 


3=      •;= 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


345 


wintered  in  a  so-called  root-cellar, 
dug^  back  into  a  sandy  hill-side.  Some 
bee-keepers  wall  up  the  sides  with 
^•ood  stone,  leaving  everytliing'  covered 
with  soil  for  protection.  Others  stand 
posts  near  together  to  keep  the  sand 
from  caving  in  The  ceiling  is  built  of 
heavy  sound  timbers,  over  this,  at  least 
3  feet  of  sand  or  soil,  then  a  foot  of 
straw  under  the  board  roof,  which  con- 
ducts all  storms  away.  There  shonld 
be  a  ventilating  tube  at  least  a  foot 
square  from  near  the  bottom  of  the 
cellar,  with  a  damper  that  can  be 
closed  any  time.  This  tube  can  ex- 
tend above  the  roof,  with  an  elbow  on 
top,  so  as  to  point  downward. 

It  is  a  good  thing  to  have  a  thermom- 
eter in  the  cellar  where  it  can  be  read 
frequentl3',  and  the  temperature  kept 
uniformly  at  45  degrees.  Double,  tight- 
fitting  doors  at  the  entrance  are  neces- 
sary, and  should  swing  out.  In  the 
spring  if  the  cellar  gets  too  warm,  and 
the  bees  restless,  I  open  the  doors  at 
early  evening,  closing  them  early  the 
next  morning.  If  frost  is  creeping  in, 
and  the  room  getting  too  cold,  a  small 
stove  can  be  put  in  between  the  doors; 
and  when  the  air  is  warmed  there,  the 
inside  door  is  swung  open.  Well-built 
cellars  will  keep  about  the  same  tem- 
perature without  all  this  manipula- 
tion. 

The  more  the  cellar  is  back  in  the 
bank,  the  better.  There  is  a  perfect 
wintering  cellar  in  Wisconsin,  made 
by  blasting  out  the  sand  rock,  forming 
a  cave  the  size  and  shape  wanted,  there 
being'  several  feet  of  stone  and  soil 
roof.  A  cellar  under  a  dwelling  house 
is  often  the  place  for  a  farmer  to  keep 
his  bees,  if  what  space  is  wanted  for 
the  hives  is  partitioned  off  so  it  can  be 
kept  dark  and  undisturbed.  This  cel- 
lar can  be  easily  ventilated,  if  neces- 
sary; but  the  frequent  going-  in  and 
out,  opening-  doors  above,  often  gives 
all  that  is  necessary. 

Noise  above  the  bees  does  not  seem 
to  disturb  them  much.  I  know  a  suc- 
cessful cellar  within  a  few  feet  of  a 
railroad  where  trains  are  frequently 
passing-.     The  bees  get  used  to  it. 

Again,  if  I  could  have  all  my  desires 
granted  for  an  outside  cellar  I  would 
want  a  dug  out  cellar  in  a  sandy  hill, 
with  a  stream  of  spring  water  running 
through  to  purify  the  air  and  keep  it 
the  same  temperpture.  If  mold  gath- 
ers on  a  cut  piece  of  potato  in  the  cellar 
it  means  that  ventilation  is  needed  in 
some  way.  Have  the  bottom  of  the 
cellar  covered    with  dry    sand  or   saw- 


dust; and   if    air   gets  bad,    some    air- 
slacked  lime  on  the  floor  may  help  it. 

But  wintering-  with  many  is  not  half 
the  problem.  To  keep  the  colonies 
gaining  every  day  after  being  taken 
from  the  cellar  is  often  the  trying 
question.  Let  me  suggest  that  such 
parties  t^y  to  protect  each  hive  as  it  is 
set  on  its  summer  stand,  with  some 
heavy  building-paper,  keeping  it  there 
until  settled  warm  weather.  If  you 
have  not  tried  it  do  so.  Also  soon  after 
placing  the  bees  outside  in  the  evening 
of  a  cool  day,  some  time,  weather  per- 
mitting, open  each  hive  just  long 
enough  to  know  the  amount  of  honey; 
if  short,  mark  it  at  once  on  whatever 
record  you  keep  of  each  hive,  and  see 
to  it  that  each  gets  some  feed.  I  pre- 
fer sealed  combs  of  honey;  but  if  out  of 
those,  I  have  used  freshly  filled  combs 
from  the  bee-house.  If  the  bees  need 
feeding  later,  use  something  that  can  be 
g-iven  in  a  wholesale  way.  I  now  nse 
gallon  syrup-pails  or  friction-top  pails, 
with  cover  punched  full  of  small  holes, 
like  a  pepper-box  lid.  Set  it  on  top  of 
the  brood-combs  and  place,  for  a 
day,  an  upper  story  around  it  to  keep 
it  from  robbers,  covering  the  vacant 
space  around  it  with  cloth.  The 
gallon  or  more  of  feed  will  be 
taken  into  the  combs  inside  of  a  day, 
with  no  robbing  or  exposure  of  brood. 
The  pails  can  be  used  later  with  new 
covers  to  sell  honey  in,  thus  costing 
one  cent  for  each  gallon  feeder. 

That  a  sheltered  location  is  of  great 
importance  in  the  wintering  of  bees 
there  is  no  question,  illustrations  of  its 
value  are  almost  numberless,  but 
whether  such  a  location,  would  allow 
of  perfect  success,  in  a  severe  winter, 
with  building  paper,  or  tarred  felt, 
alone  for  protection,  I  have  my  doubts; 
that  is,  as  far  north  as  Wisconsin  or 
Michigan — but  I  am  willing  to  have 
those  doubts  removed. 

However,  there  is  no  doubt  as  to  its 
value  as  a  spring  protection.  This 
value  is  not  so  apparent  some  springs 
as  it  is  others,  but  it  has  always  been 
a  great  help  whenever  I  have  seen  it 
tried,  and  occasionally  there  comes  a 
spring  when  it  is  almost  the  salvation 
of  the  apiary — when  fine  weather  of 
weeks'  duration  is  followed  by  a  hard 
freeze,  lasting  possibly  several  days. 


346 


THF:  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


FOUL  BROOO. 


A  Comprehensive  Review  of  the  Cheshire 
Theory. 


That  there  are  at  least  two  diseases 
of  the  brood  of  bees  there  is  no  possible 
doubt.  For  years  we  here  in  America 
have  been  puzzled  at  the  decisions  and 
conclusions  of  European  scientists  and 
bee-keepers  regarding-  foul  brood,  or 
what  we  have  called  foul  brood,  but, 
since  the  scientific  investigations  have 
shown  that  black  brood  (so-called)  and 
European  foul  brood,  or  at  least,  some 
European  foul  brood,  are  similar, 
much  of  this  mj'stery  has  been  cleared 
away.  1  have  already  gone  over  the 
ground  at  some  length  in  the  Review, 
but  I  think  Jas.  A.  Green,  State  In- 
spector for  Colorado,  has  pnt  the 
matter  in  the  best  possible  shape  in  an 
article  in  the  American  Bee  Journal. 
Mr.  Green  says: — 

For  a  number  of  yea' s  bee-keepers 
have  accepted  the  theory  of  Cheshire  as 
to  the  cause  of  foul  brood,  and  have 
assumed  that  there  was  only  one  form 
of  foul  brood,  alike  in  all  countries 
where  bees  are  kept.  There  were  some 
inconsistencies.  Cheshire's  theory,  or, 
p(-rhaps,  I  should  rather  say  the  con- 
clusions he  drew  therefrom,  did  not 
always  fit  the  facts.  Several.  I  believe, 
have  called  the  attention  to  this.  I 
myself  in  an  article  published  abr.'it 
15  years  ago,  expressed  mj^  doubts 
that  the  true  cause  of  foul  brood  had 
been  discovered.  But  in  the  main  there 
was  no  opposition  to  the  acceptance  of 
the  Cheshire  theory.  The  disease  was 
of  bacterial  origin,  and  Bacillus  alvei 
was  as  convenient  a  one  to  lay  it  to  as 
any  other  bacterium  \'ery  few  had 
the  facilities  to  make  microscopic  inves- 
tigation on  their  own  account,  so  for 
lack  of  anything  better,  Cheshire's 
theory  as  to  the  cause  of  the  disease 
had  full  credence,  though  practical 
men,  in  this  country  at  least,  had  been 
compelled  to  discard  his  conclusions 
in  regard  to  the  transmission  of  the 
disease,  its  character  and  its  cure. 

Let  us  review  briefly  some  of  tlies.(. . 
First,  that  foul  brood  is  not  simply  a 
disease  of  the  brood,  but  a  chronic  dis- 
ease of  the  blood,  aflFecting  queens, 
workers  and   drones. 


He  found  Bacil- 


lus alvei  in  the  ovaries  of  the  queen  as 
well  as  in  eggs  not  y^X.  laid.  If  a 
queen  were  infected  to  this  extent,  it 
would  hardly  seem  that  she  could  ever 
again  lay  healthy  eggs.  Yet  the  queen 
may  be  lemovedfrom  a  infected  colony, 
placed  in  a  health}^  colon}',  and  the 
brood  that  hatches  from  the  eggs  she 
laj's  therein,  will  be  healthy.  I  have 
done  this  a  number  of  times  myself  as 
have  many  other  bee-keepers  probably 
hundreds  of  times  in  all — and  if  any 
one  has  ever  brought  forward  any 
proof  that  the  disease  was  ever  trans- 
mitted thereby,  it  has  escaped  my 
notice.  Moreover,  by  the  McEvoy 
method  of  cure,  which  has  been  suc- 
cessful in  thousands  of  cases,  the  queen 
of  the  diseased  colony  is,  only  3  or  4 
days  later,  laying  eggs  in  a  colony 
that  is  thereafter  healthy,  all  trace  of 
the  "chronic  blood  disease"  having 
vanished  in  the  meantime. 

If  the  mature  workers  of  an  infected 
colony  are  diseased,  it  is  certainly 
very  remarkable  that  all  of  the  many 
thousands  comprising  a  colony  are 
cured,  or,  at  least,  made  incapable  of 
transmitting  the  disease  by  the  simple 
process  of  building  a  few  square  inches 
of  comb. 

It  is  well  known  that  drones  are 
"free  commoners,"  going  from  one 
hive  to  another.  If  it  were  true  that 
they  were  diseased  in  themselves, 
would  not  this  frequent  interchange  of 
visits  result  in  spreading  the  disease 
to  a  far  greater  extent  than  is  known 
to  be  the  case  ?  No  proof  has  ever  been 
brought  forward  that  the  disease  has 
ever  been  transmitted  from  drone  to 
queen  by  the  act  of  mating^,  as  claimed 
hy  Cheshire,  and  all  experience  is  dis- 
tinctly against  the  supposition  that 
such  is  ever  the  case. 

Perhaps  the  strongest  proof  that  the 
workers  are  not  diseased,  or  are  in- 
capable in  themselves  of  transmitting 
the  disease,  is  furnished  by  the  Bald- 
ridge  method  of  cure,  which  was  de- 
scribed on  page  469  of  the  American 
Bee  Journal  for  1905.  The  principle 
involved  in  this  plan,  which  is  one  of 
the  most  practical  and  valuable  methrds 
of  cure,  is  that  foul  brood  is  conveyed 
onlv  bv  me.ins  of  the  honj^v,  and  that 
an  undisturbed  bee  leaving  its  hive 
does  not  carry  any  honey  with  it,  and 
may  therefore  enter  any  hive  without 
any  danger  of  transmitting  the  disease. 
The  bees  leave  the  infected  hive 
through  a  bee-escape,  and,  being  un- 
able to  return,  go  into  a  hive  along- 
side.    Bees  are  thus  leav'ng  a  diseased 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS    EEVIEW 


347 


colon}'  and  enterinpf  a  healthy  colony 
to  become  members  thereof,  daily,  for  a 
period  of  several  weeks.  Is  it  conceiv- 
able that  they  could  do  this  without 
infectinff  the  colony  they  enter,  if  they 
were  themselves  diseased?  Yet  I  can 
testif}',  as  can  man}'  others,  that  this 
is  a  practical  method  of  cure.  I  have 
tried  it  in  a  number  of  cases  without  a 
single  failure. 

The  same  principle  is  involved  in 
the  plan  of  R.  C.  Aikin,  whereby  the 
diseased  colony  is  moved  several  times, 
at  each  move  losing  its  flying-  bees, 
which  enter  the  hives  nearest  its  old 
stand  Care  being-  taken  not  to  dis- 
turb the  bees  at  the  time  of  movinj;^ 
them,  which  is  best  done  in  the  even- 
ing-, the  returning-  bees  will  enter 
healthy  colonies  without  conveying-  the 
disease.  These  facts  show  that  the 
contag-ion  is  not  conveyed  by  the  bees, 
queen  or  drones. 

When  curing  bees  by  the  McEvoy 
plan,  shaking-  ihem  from  their  old 
combs  and  compelling-  them  to  build  a 
new  set,  the  old  hive  may  be  used,  dis- 
infection being-  entirely  unnecessary. 
I  have  Mr.  McKvoy  as  authority  for 
this,  aod  numerous  trials  in  my  own 
practice  have  shown  that  he  is  correct. 

Finally,  it  is  c]aimed  by  some  that 
there  is  no  danger  of  the  operator 
carrying-  the  disease  from  one  hive  to 
another,  if  he  is  careful  not  to  carry 
any  honey  on  his  hands  or  tools.  At 
any  rate,  his  disinfectants  are  not 
necessary  I  personal!}- know  of  large 
apirtries  where  many  casfs  of  foul 
brood  have  been  successfully  hantlled, 
the  (  nly  precaution  against  con\e}  ing 
the  disease  being  lo  wash  the  hands 
and  tools  with  soap  and  water  after 
handling-  a  diseased  colony. 

If  you  will  consider  the  foreg^oing 
facts,  which  may  be  supported  by  any 
necessary  amount  of  evidence,  you  will 
SI  e  that  the  only  remaining  sources  of 
contagion  are  the  diseased  brood  itself, 
or  the  honey  infected  therefrom.  Al- 
though Cheshire  concluded,  because  he 
could  not  find  Ilacil/ns  alvei  in  honey, 
that  the  disease  could  not  be  conveyed 
thereby,  and  even  went  so  far  as  to 
declare  that  bacilli  could  not  multiply 
in  honey,  all  practical  experience 
with  the  disease  as  we  know  it  in  this 
country  shows  that  ordinarily  honey 
is  the  sole  medium  of  contagion.  All 
successful  methods  of  cure  are  based 
on  this  theory,  and  the  various  methods 
of  cure  by  medication,  which  have  been 
imported  from  Europe  from  time  to 
time,  have  proven  utterly  useless,  or  at 


the  best,  only  palliatives  of  the  disease 
they  can  not  cure. 

We  have  come  to  the  point  where  a 
re-organization  and  re-adjustment  of 
our  ideas  in  regard  to  foul  brood  seem 
inevitable.  There  has  been  for  a  long 
time  a  curious  difference  between  the 
experiences  of  bee-keepers  in  this 
country  and  those  of  Europe.  This 
led  to  the  belief  in  the  minds  of  many 
here  that  foul  brood  in  Europe  was  of 
a  milder  form  than  what  we  had  here. 
Some  explained  this  by  saying  that 
bees  there  had  been  subject  to  foul 
brood  for  so  much  longer  a  time  that 
they  had  become  more  immune  to  it. 
Just  hovv  time  can  operate  to  render 
anything  immune  to  a  disease  that  fmce 
well  established  is  invariably  fatal  un- 
less cured  by  a  man,  does  not  appear 
to  me.  No  evidence  has  ever  been  pre- 
sented to  show  that  a  colony  that  has 
been  cured  of  foul  brood  is  any  less 
likely  to  contract  it  again. 

Then  came  the  investigations  of  the 
bacteriologists  of  our  Department  of 
Agriculture,  in  wiiich  they  were  un- 
able to  find  Bacillus  alvei  in  any  sample 
of  foul  brood,  as  we  know  it  in  this 
country,  while  every  s-imple  of  what 
we  know  as  black  brood  contained 
Bacillus  alvei.  This  would  indicate 
strongly  (hat  what  has  been  known  as 
foul  brood  in  Europe  is  identical  with 
what  we  know  as  t)lack  brood  here. 
At  least  it  would  go  to  show  that  it 
was  black  brood  and  not  foul  brood, 
that  Cheshire  experimented  with. 

Evidence  going  to  show  that  black 
brood  exists  in  Europe  is  given  by  the 
fact  tliat  the  treatment  found  by  Alex- 
ander, of  New  York,  effective  in  cur 
ing  black  brood  has  lieen  recommended 
by  Simmins,  of  Hiiigland,  for  curing 
foul  brood,  but  which  I  think  no  one 
who  has  ever  had  experiei-ice  with  the 
genuine  foul  brood  of  this  country 
would  consider  in  the  least  likely  to  be 
effective  in  that  disease. 

Of  course,  even  if  it  is  true  that  much 
of  the  European  experience  has  been 
with  something  other  than  what  we 
know  as  foul  brood,  it  does  not  neces- 
sarily follow  that  the  genuine  article 
does  not  exist  there.  It  is  quite  prob- 
able that  there  are  two  brood  diseases 
there,  the  same  as  here.  It  is  difficult 
to  get  around  the  evidence  brought  for- 
ward by  C.  P.  Dadant  on  page  719, 
that  the  real  foul  brood  exists  there. 
It  may  be  that  they  have  simply  never 
been  differentiated,  and  that  Cheshire's 
error  has  prevented  an  earlier  recog- 
nition of  the  facts. 


348 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


SELLING    HONEY. 

Sell  Early;  Keep  Old  Customers;  Advertise; 

How  to  Utilize  the  Honey  from 

Cappings. 


Let  us  never  forget,  let  us  lieep  it 
ever  in  mind,  let  us  repeat  it  over  and 
over,  that  the  selHng-of  the  crop  is  fully 
as  important  as  its  production  Near- 
ly every  veteran,  successful  bee-keeper 
has  developed  some  system  or  method 
of  disposing-  of  his  crop,  and  Mr.  E.  W. 
Alexander,  of  New  York,  is  certainly  a 
veteran  and  successful,  and  here  is 
what  he  writes  Gleanings  on  this  all- 
important  subject. 

This  is  a  very  important  part  of  our 
business— one  which  we  should  look  at 
from  several  different  points.  First, 
we  should  take  special  care  in  produc- 
ing either  comb  or  extracted  honey  so 
that  it  will  be  of  the  very  best  quality; 
and  we  should  put  it  up  in  the  most 
convenient  and  salable  package  possi- 
ble. Then  we  should  have  it  ready  for 
market  as  soon  as  the  market  is  ready 
for  it. 

Here  is  a  point  that  many  are  very 
negligent  about.  They  have  other 
work  to  attend  to,  and  think  their  honey 
can  wait  until  they  can  do  their  odd 
jobs,  and  foolishly  they  try  to  make 
themselves  believe  the  price  will  rise, 
and  they  will  get  more  later  on.  I  have 
never  known  this  to  be  so.  On  the 
contrary,  the  price  is  sure  to  decline 
until  it  is  hard  to  sell  at  any  price. 
Now,  don't  allow  valuable  time  to  slip 
by,  leaving  your  honey  on  j^our  hands, 
and  then  complain  that  there  is  no 
money  in  bees.  Just  watch  a  success- 
ful manufacturer  or  merchant  and  see 
how  he  is  ever  on  the  alert  for  any 
thing  that  can  be  turned  to  advantage; 
and  if  you  expect  to  succeed  as  th^y  do 
you  must  also  watch  these  points. 

In  regard  to  sending  your  honey  to 
commission  men  to  sell  for  you,  I  must 
say  that  many  times  their  returns  are 
far  from  satisfactory.  When  you  find 
a  square  commission  man  it  is  a  very 
good  way  to  dispose  of  your  crop.  But 
I  pity  you  if  you  ai-e  caught  as  I  ha^e 
been  by  diiterent  parties.  Before  we 
commenced  to  sell  our  honey  direct  to 
dealers  I  thought  seriously  of  going  out 
of  the  business,  as  we  could  not  pro- 
duce extracted  honey  for  the  returns 
these    men    sometimes   made.     One  lot 


in  particular,  of  about  four  tons  of  as 
nice  clover  honey  as  I  ever  saw,  he 
claimed  to  have  sold  at  four  cents  per 
pound.  Another  lot  of  nearly  a  car- 
load to  another  party  brought  us  only 
three  cents  net,  and  I  have  good 
reasons  for  believing  that  each  lot  in 
question  was  sold  for  a  good  price. 
So,  from  past  experience  my  advice  is 
to  be  careful  where  you  send  your 
hone}'.  If  you  are  a  little  short  of 
customers,  just  advertise  it  in  our  bee 
journals  and  you  will  soon  have 
chances  to  sell  at  a  fair  price;  then  you 
will  know  what  you  are  to  have,  and 
when  to  expect  it;  and,  as  a  general 
thing  you  will  be  better  satisfied  with 
the  result. 

Another  important  part  is,  don't  try 
to  sell  your  honey  for  more  than  it  is 
worth  in  the  common  markets.  Here 
many  make  mistakes.  Some  years  ago 
we  made  this  mistake,  and  lost  a  cus- 
tomer who  had  for  several  years 
bonght  quite  a  large  amount.  This 
time  he  paid  us  one-fourth  cent  per 
pound  more  for  nearly  five  tons  than 
he  could  get  for  it,  losing  about  $25.00 
thereby,  when  he  expected  to  make 
that  amount,  and  we  lost  a  customer 
who  at  that  time  was  worth  nearly  as 
much  annually  to  us.  If  you  can  sell 
your  crop  in  a  small  retail  way  I  can 
see  no  reason  why  you  should  not  have 
the  same  price  as  any  other  retailer. 
But  when  you  sell  in  large  quantities 
to  parties  who  sell  to  those  who  have 
to  retail  it  out  in  small  packages,  then 
remember  that  they  must  have  a 
margin  of  profit  to  induce  them  to  in- 
vest their  money  in  it.  This  matter  of 
holding  a  customer  is.  well  worth  our 
consideration. 

No  man  in  business  can  afford  to 
lose  one  if  he  can  help  it.  Since  we 
have  given  this  part  of  our  business 
especial  attention  we  have  had  no 
trouble  in  selling  our  honey  at  a  fair 
price  early  in  the  season.  We  think 
this  a  better  way,  and  have  the  money 
soon  on  interest,  than  to  hang  on  try- 
ing to  squeeze  out  the  last  cent  from  a 
dealer  who  will  never  buy  from  you 
again  if  he  can  help  it.  I  always  like 
to  have  a  pleased  customer,  for  such 
are  sure  to  buy  another  year.  We 
have  been  censured  man}'  times  by 
some  honey  producers  for  selling  our 
honey  at  the  price  we  do;  but  I  like  to 
see  the  summer  work  all  finished  up 
before  bad  weather  comes,  and  know 
that  everything  is  prepared  for  winter; 
then  we  can  turn  our  attention  to  other 
matters  for  a  few  months. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


349 


Durinp^  this  winter  season  is  a  fine 
time  to  visit  distant  friends  and  make 
our  plans  for  the  comiiifj;  summer.  I 
think  it  does  man  <,^ood  to  have  a  rest 
from  hard  labor  and  mental  anxiety. 
In  natural  law  nearly  everj'  thing"  has 
a  rest  durinji^  part  of  the  year  except 
poor  man;  and  he  toils  on  until  the 
worn-out  bodj'  is  lowered  into  the 
^rave.  But  I  will  stop  my  sermonizinj,'^ 
and  ctU  j-our  attention  to  another  part 
of  our  business. 

It  is  the  caring-  for  the  cappings 
when  extracting^.  I  see  manj'  recom- 
mend rinsing  them  so  as  to  save  the 
hone}' that  will  not  drain  out,  and  then 
make  this  sweet  water  into  vinegar. 
I  used  to  try  this  plan,  but  I  could 
never  make  a  vinegar  but  that  had  an 
unpleasant  odor  and  taste,  and  was 
nowhere  when  compared  to  cider  vine- 
g-ar.  Then  later  we  used  to  let  the 
bees  clean  them  up;  but  this  had  its 
bad  features  and  we  were  glad  to 
adopt  the  following  way  of  handling 
them.  We  now  use  an  old  honey  ex- 
tractor with  the  basket  and  reel  taken 
out  for  an  uncapping  can.  We  put  in 
the  bottom  a  screen  of  coarse  open 
wire  cloth  for  the  honey  to  drain 
through,  which  keeps  the  cappings 
back  while  the  hone}'  goes  out  at  the 
open  faucet  into  tlie  same  pipe  that  con- 
vej's  our  hone}'  from  the  extractor  to 
the  tanks.  When  this  can  is  full  we 
empty  the  cappings  into  a  tig^ht  barrel 
and  set  them  away  until  spring-;  then 
when  we  wish  ta  feed  our  bees  we  turn 
boiling  water  upon  these  cappings 
until  they  are  melted,  and  the  wax 
rises  to  the  top,  which  we  remove  and 
then  use  the  sweetened  water  to  feed. 
Snriietimes  we  add  a  little  granulated 
sugar  if  we  have  used  water  rather 
freely,  an<l  it  makes  the  finest  feed  to 
stimulate  early  breeding  that  we  ever 
tried  In  this  way  you  save  e\ery  bit 
of  the  honey  from  the  cappings.  with 
but  very  little  trouble.  I  think  if  you 
will  try  this  another  season  you  will 
never  again  set  out  your  cappings  for 
your  bees  and  your  neighbors'  bees  to 
clean  up,  nor  go  to  the  trouble  of  mak- 
ing (to  my  mind)  a  very  poor  substitute 
for  vinegar.  I  will  admit  that  honey 
vinegar  is  sour  enough  but  I  for  one 
cannot  go  that  unpleasant  taste. 

Still  another  subject  1  wish  to  speak 
of  is  this  :  During^  those  cold  stormy 
ilays  of  winter,  when  time  hangs 
heavy  on  your  hands,  and  especially 
winter  evenings,  get  out  a  lot  of  those 
old  back  numbers  of  bee  journals  and 
look  them  over.     You  will  be  surprised 


to  see  how  many  good  ideas  you  can 
pick  up  from  them,  especially  the  sum- 
mer numbers  that  came  when  you  were 
so  hurried  about  your  work  that  you 
hardly  took  the  necessary  time  to  read 
them,  and  still  less  time  to  remember 
and  put  those  good  points  into  practice. 
To  sum  it  all  up  in  a  few  words,  don't 
waste  any  time  in  worrying  about  good 
or  bad  luck,  but  put  yourself  at  the 
head  of  your  business  and  realize  that 
it  is  according  to  your  skill  and  intel- 
lect that  you  either  succeed  or  fail. 

One  of  the  most  important  points  in 
the  foregoing,  is  that  of  holding  old 
customers  year  after  year.  It  costs  to 
find  customers,  and,  when  found,  they 
should  be  so  treated  that  they  will 
return  time  and  again.  Counting  the 
cost  of  advertising,  and  the  expense  of 
sending  out  samples  and  the  corres- 
pondence, it  is  possible  that,  although 
I  sold  my  honey  at  an  advanced  price, 
I  may  not  have  made  much  more  money 
than  I  would  have  made  to  have  sold 
the  honey  to  some  jobber,  but  I  have 
tried  to  so  treat  customers  that  they 
will  come  back  to  me  another  year — at 
no  cost  to  me. 

Mr.  Alexander's  plan  for  utilizing 
the  honey  left  in  cappings  certainly 
seems  practical,  and,  as  we  have  sev- 
eral barrels  of  cappings  to  render  we 
may  give  it  a  trial. 


The   Best  Christmas    Present  for   a    Little 
Money. 

When  your  Christmas  present  is  a  j-ear's  sub- 
scription to  The  Youth's  Companion  you  give  as 
much  in  good  reading  as  would  fill  twenty  400- 
page  novels  or  books  of  history  or  travel  or  bi- 
ography ordinarily  costing  5150  a  volume.  Nor 
do  you  give  a  quantity  at  the  cost  of  quality.  For 
more  than  half  a  cent\iry  the  wisest,  most  re- 
nouned,  most  entertaining  of  writers  have  been 
contributors  to  The  Companion  You  need 
never  fe  r  that  The  Companion  wil  be  inappro- 
priate or  unwelcome.  The  boy,  the  girl — every 
other  member  (  f  the  family — will  insist  upon  a 
share  in  it.  There  is  no  other  present  costing  so 
little  that  goes  so  far. 

On  receipt  of  51.75  the  yearly  subscription 
price,  the  publishcTS  send  to  the  new  subscriber 
The  Companions  Four-Leaf  Hanging  Calander 
for  1907,  lithographed  in  twelve  colors  and  gold, 
and  t-ubscripiion  certificate  for  the  fifty-two 
issues  of  the  year's  volume. 

Full  Illustrated  .Announcement  of  The  Com- 
panion for  1907  will  be  sent  with  iiample  copies 
of  the  paper  to  any  address  free. 

Subscribers  who  get  new  .«;ubscriptions  will  re- 
ceive J 16, 290  00  in  cash  and  many  other  special 
awards.    Send  for  information. 

THE  YOUTH'S   COMPANION, 
144  Berkeley  Street.  Boston,  Mass. 


350 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'   REVIEW 


W4 

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SPECIAL  BARGAINS 

In    Dovetailed  Hives,  Hlain  and    Beeway    Sections,  Hoffman 
Brood    Frames,  Cection  Holders,  Separators,  etc. 

We  are  enlarging-  our  FACTORY  and  all  of  those  goods 
have  to  be  moved.  If  you  want  anything  in  your  apiary,  you 
will  do  well  by  writing  us  at  once,  and  we  will  make  3'ou 
DP:LIVERED  prices  that  will  surprise  you.  Our  stock 
is  all  new  and  up-to-date,  we  do  not  keep  poor  or  second  grade 
goods.  Our  s'zes  are  standard.  Ouality  and  frnish  cannot  be 
beat  by  anyone.  We  make  anything  used  in  the  apiary  and 
can  sa\e  3'ou  money  and  delay  at  an3'  time  of  the  season. 
Give  us  a  trial  and  be  convinced.  We  aim  to  please  our 
customers  and  guarantee  all  our  goods  to  g^ive  entire  satisfac- 
tion or  refund  tlie  mone3'. 

MINNESOTA  BEE  KEEPERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 
John  Doll  &  Son,  Proprietors, 
Nicollet  Island.     No.  35.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


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WA 


SUPERIOR    QUEENS 

For  the  balance  of  the  season. 
CAUCASIANS,  untested,  75  cts.  each, 
$8.00  per    dozen.     Tested,    $1.00    each; 
$11.00  per  dozen.     Select  tested,    $1.25; 
$12.00  per  dozen. 

ITALIANS  and  CARNIOLANS  un- 
tested, 60  cts.  each;  $6.50  per  dozen. 
Tested,  75  cts.  each,  $8.00  per  dozen. 
Select  tested,  $1.00  each,  $11.00  per 
dozen. 

CHAS.   KOEPPEN, 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  inaiiiifaclnre  stauiard  dovetailed  bee  hives 
ri'-d  supplies,  cheaper  than  yo\i  ever  bought 
brfore.  (lur  Queens  and  Bee~  .stand  at  the  head 
lu  quality.  Uul- sted  750,  each;  $425  for  6;  or 
js.oo  per  do7.r-ii.  Tested,  $1  2.seach;  J12  00  per 
<l.>zen.  Select  tested,  $1  50.  Special  prices  to 
dealers  atid  in  large  lots  on  application  Uilt- 
ni-.T's  foundation      Catalog  free. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  CO:VIPANY, 
Will  Atshley,  Prop. 
Beeville,  iBee  Co.)  Texas. 


SOME  REASONS 

Why  3'ou  can  buy  Italian  queens  to  ad- 
vantage of  the  undersigned:  The  stock 
is  from  the  very  best  breeders,  such  as 
Ouirin,  Laws,  Alle3'  and  Moore. 

All  queens  are  shipped  by  return 
mail  in  large,  roomy  cages,  and  guar- 
anteed to  please  in  ever3'  particular, 
or  they  will  be  replaced  free.  Everj'- 
thing  is  now  at  its  best  in  California, 
and  the  best  of  qneens  can    be    reared. 

Untested  queens,  $1.00  each;  six  for 
$4.00;  one  dozen  for  $8  00.  Tested, 
$150;  six  for  $8  00;  one  dozen  $14.50. 
Breeders,  $5.00  each.  Write  for  prices 
on  larger  quantities. 


M.    D.  WHITCHER, 


6-n6-tf 


Los  Olivos,  Calf 


WANTED,  to  buy.  fo'  cash,  fancy  comb  and  ex- 
tr^ctid  honey.  R.  A.  HOLEKAMP. 

4203  Virtfinia  Ave.,  St.  Louis,  M 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


351 


YOU  NEED  THIS  BOOK 

Ttie  puhlisliers  of  tho  A^r'u'viltiirul  lOpitoinist,  Spencer,  Indiana,  (the  only  agricultural  pai)ei 
Ihat  is  cdi.ed  ami  printed  <m  a  farm  I  have  made  arransiements  by  wliicli  tliey  can  offer  with  cack 
>liree  years'  subscription  to  tlicir  paper  at  51)  cents,  a  copy  of 

ROPP'S     COMMERCIAL    CALCULATOR 

ubsolutely  free,  pos  age  prepaid.  You  should  not  overlook  (his  opportunity  to  secure  one  of  the 
toreinost  farm  moiitlilies  in  tne  country,  togetlier  witli  tliis  valuable  book  at  the  price  of  the  paper 
alone. 

WHAT    THE    CALCULATOR    IS 


Size  O'lXo'i    inches. 

Handsomely  and  attractively  bound  it 
the  pocket.  A  ci:py  of  tnis  useful  and 
mechanic,  or  business  man. 


A  READY  CALCULATOR.  BUSINESS  ARITHME- 
TIC and  REf  ERENCE  BOOK  COMBINED. 

Tills  is  uncni('stic)ii;il)lv  the  most  complete  and 
convenient  work  on  hiKiircs  tor  I'U  ACI  IC  \  I,  USE 
ever  piioiislicd.  It  contains  nearly  all  tlie  Sliort 
Cuts  known;  liuiidreils  of  Simple  Rules  and  Orii^inal 
Methods  for  ■'Ivisy  anil  liapid  t'alculatioii,"  and 
Millions  of  Accurate  Answers  to  Business  Examples 
and  to   I'racucal   I'rolilcnis. 

It  Sifts  and  Simplifies  the  whole  science  of  Arith- 
metic, retainintj  only  tlie  Cream  in  a  nutshell,  as  it 
were.  Its  Tallies,  Rules  and  Methods  are  extremely 
simple,  eminently  useful  practical,  and  fully  abreast 
with  tlie  age  of  steam  and  electricity. 

lOvcryone  who  prefers  to  take  the  Simplest  the 
Shortest  and  the  Easiest  way  for  doiny  his  work 
should  i)Ossess  a  cop>'  of  this  iiselul  and  eon\('nient 
Pocket  Manual.  It  will  enable  everyl)ody  to  Ijeeomc 
Proficient  and  Quick  in  Figures;  and  to  many  a 
young  person  it  may  prove  to  be  a  stepping  stone 
to  a  successful  business  career. 
IT  WILL  SHOW  AT  A  GLANCE,  WITHOUT  THE 
USE  OF  PENCIL,  PEN  OR  PAPER 

The  number  of  bushels  and  pounds  in  a  load  of 
Wheat,  t'orn,  Rye,  Oats,  or  Harley  and  the  correct 
amount  for  same  at  any  jirice  per  bushel. 

1  he  exact  amount  for  a  lot  of  hogs  or  cattle,  from 
1  II).  to  a  carload,  at  any  iiriee  per  cwt. 

The  correct  amount  for  a  load  (jf  Hay,  Straw,  Coal 
or  Coke,  from  25  cents  to  .SL'o.Od  i)er  ton. 

The  correct  amount  for  articles  sold  by  the 
Bushel,  Pound,  Yard  or  Dozen  from  '_c  to  SI. 

The  exact  wages  for  any  time,  at  various  rates  per 
month,  per  week  and  per  day. 

The  equivalent  of  wheat  in  flour,  when  exchang- 
ing same,  from  25  to  -4(1  lbs,  to  the  bushel.. 

The  only  correct  Rule  and  Table  for  estimating 
the  exact  contents  of  logs  of  all  sizes. 

The  exact  contents  of  Lumber,  Cisterns,  Bins, 
^^'agon  Beds,  Corn  Cribs,  Cord-wood  and  Carpen- 
ters', Plasterers'  and  Bricklayers'  work. 

The  exact  interest  on  any  sum,  for  any  time,  at 
any  practical  rate  per  cent. 

The  Day  of  the  Week,  lor  any  date  in  ,300  years, 
besides  hundreds  of  other  very  useful  things. 

It  gives  all  the  Latest  and  Shortest  methods 
known,  besides  many  published  for  the  first  time; 
viz:  An  Easy  and  Unerring  process  for  ".Adding 
Long  Columns;  "Short  Cuts  in  Multiplication  and 
Divisiim.  Problems  in  I'raetions,  Interest,  Pcr- 
centaie,  Menstiration,  etc.,  are  usually  solved  with 
less  than  one-tl'i'-d  the  figures  and  labor  required 
by  ordinary  methods. 

cloth,  with   round  corners  and  just  the  right  size  to  fit 
practical  work  should  be  in  the  liands  of  every  farmer, 


FILL  OUT 
THIS  COUPON 

Enclose    50    cents  and  mail  at  once 


Epitomint 
Oept.      .  .' 


Publishing      Co. 
SPENCER,  IND. 


COUPON 

EPITOMIST  PUBLISHING  CO.,   Spenctr,  Indiana. 

Ccntlemen: — Enclosed  find  50  cents  for  which  send  the 
Epitomtst  for  three  years  from  date.  Send  me  as  a  premium 
postpaid  a  copy  of  Ropp's  Commekcial.  Calculator. 


Name  

Address 


A       15.000   FERRETS.    Send   6 cents 
^t/^M   for  ilUist  raied   ferret    book   published, 
^\^^^^\     4X  pa^e- of  practical   experience  from 
^^»     V    a  life  study  of   these   useful  little   ani- 
mals, tellinK  how  to  successfully  breed 
and  work  ferrets,  how   ferrets   clear   buildings  of 
rats,  drive  rabbits  from  burrows.     Price  list  free. 

S  V  M  J  : '.      FARNSWORTH.  Middelton,  Ohio. 


WRITE  US 


If  you  have  any  honey  to  sell.  We  do  not  handle 
on  coniniission,  but  pay  cash  on  receipt  of 
honey. 

E.   R.  PAHL&CO., 

Broadway  and  Detroit  Sts.  IVIiiwaukao. 


352 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


The  foundation  of  a  crop  of  honey 
rests  in  the  successful  winterinfj  of 
bees,  and  this  is  the  result  of  many 
thing's.  Strong-  colonies  alone  will  not 
insure  safe  wintering-,  neither  will  a 
warm  cellar,  nor  chaft'  hives.  Perfect 
stores  will  come  the  nearest  to  it,  but 
they  can't  be  depended  upon  alone. 
In  some  localities  the  natural  stores 
can  be  depended  upon;  in  others  part 
of  the  natural  stores  are  all  right  for 
wintering-  purposes,  and  others  are 
disastrous.  There  are  methods  where- 
by the  right  natural  stores  may  be 
secured  for  winter,  or,  if  not,  the  col- 
onies may  be  broug-ht  through  the 
seasons  practically  free  from  natural 
stores,  when  it  is  an  easy  matter  to 
furnish  them  the  best  of  all  winter 
stores — cane  sugar. 

When  the  food  is  all  that  it  should 
be,  then  comes  the  matter  of  protection; 
shall  it  be  packing  of  some  kind,  such 
as  sawdust,  or  chatT,  or  planer  shav- 
ings, or  shall  it  be  the  cellar  ? 

If  it  is  the  cellar,  then  follow  the 
matters  of  temperature,  moisture,  venti- 
lation, etc.,  all  of  which  have  a  bear- 
ing upon  successful  wintering.  There 
is  a  way  of  telling  whether  a  cellar  is 
damp,  how  dauip  it  is,  and  whether  it 
is  too  damp  (depending  upon  the  temp- 
erature) and  there  are  methods  of 
rendering  it  dr}'  if  it  is  too  damp. 

Besides  the  matter  of  ventilation  to 
the  cellar  itself,  which  also  has  a  bear- 
ing upon  temperature,  there  is  the  ven- 


tilation of  individual  hives,  so  that  the 
dampness  may  [lass  off,  yet  leaving  the 
cluster  always  dry  iind   warm. 

Then  there  is  the  giving  of  protection 
in  such  a  manner,  when  wintering  bees 
in  the  open  air,  that  the  cluster  may 
remain  warm  and  dry. 

Successful  wintering  is  reiilly  a 
many  sided  subject,  but  it  can  be 
mastered  so  as  to  be  able  to  bring  col- 
onies of  bees  through  the  winter  safe 
ly  as  may  be  done  with  a  cow  or  horse. 

All  of  the  leading  factors  of  success- 
ful wintering,  as  well  as  the  minor  de- 
tails, are  given  in  the  book  Advanced 
Bkk  Cul'purr,  and  I  am  satisfied  that 
any  man  who  reads  this  book,  and  fol- 
lows its  instructions,  will  winter  his 
bees  with  practically  no  loss.  Last 
fall  I  put  104  colonies  of  bees  into  my 
cellar,  and  took  them  all  out  in  the 
spring  alive,  dry,  clean,  healthy  and 
strong,  and  I  knoiv  I  can  do  this  every 
time,  and  so  can  others  if  they  will  fol- 
low the    instruction  that  I  give    in  Ad- 

.VANCICn  BlCK  CULTUKK. 

If  you  have  failed  in  wintering  your 
bees,  or,  if  3'ou  have  succeeded  only  in 
a  measure,  and  would  like  to  secure 
perfect  wintering,  get  the  book  now, 
and  read  it,  and  put  into  practice  its 
teachings,  and  next  spring  will  find 
you  with  strong,  healthy  colonies — the 
foundation  of  all  honej'  crops. 

Price  of  the  book  $1.20,  or  the  Review 
one  yea.-  and  the  book  for  onl}-  $2.00. 


^o  M 


FLINT.  MICH, 


MflHSHFIEIiD    GOODS 

are  made  right  in  the  tim- 
ber country,  and  we  have 
the    best    facilities    for 
shipping;  direct,  quick 
and  low  rates.  Sections 
are  made  of  the  best 
youngf  baswood    tim- 
ber,   and    per  feet. 
Hives  and  Shipping- 
Cases  are  dandies. 
Ask  for  our  catal- 
ogue of  supplies, 
free.     ^     Jf'     ^ 


IVIarshfield  IVIfg.   Co. 

IWarshfleld,  Wis. 


Ho  pish-Bone 


Is  apparent  in  combhoney  when 
the  Van  Deusen,  flat  -  bottom 
foundation  is  used.  This  style 
of  foundation  allows  the  making 
of  a  more  uniform  article,  hav- 
ing a  I'ery  thm  base,  with  the 
surplus  wax  in  the  side  -  walls, 
where  it  can  be  utilized  by  the 
bees.  Then  the  bees,  in  chang- 
ing the  base  of  the  cells  to  the 
natural  shape,  work  over  the 
wax  to  a  certain  extent;  and  the 
result  is  a  comb  that  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished  from  that  built 
wholly  by  the  bees.  Being  so 
thin,  one  pound  will  fill  a  large 
number  of  sections. 

All  the  Trouble  of  wiring 
brood  frames  can  be  avoided  by 
using  the  Van   Deusen    wired. 

Send  for  circular;  price  list, 
and  samples  of  foundation. 

J.   VAfl   DEUSBf4, 

Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y 


BEE  SOPPLIES 

Root's  Goods  at  Root's 
Prices.  We  carry  a  com- 
plete line  of  goods  used 
by  bee  keepers.  We  also 
allow  4  per  cent  dis- 
count on  all  orders  recei- 
ved in  December.  Re- 
member, the  freight  rates 
from  Toledo  will  save  you 
mone3^  Our  large  illus- 
trated catalogue  is  free. 
Ask  for  it. 

GRIGGS  BROS. 
&  NICHOLS  CO., 

520  Monroe  Street, 
TOLEDO,        •         •        OHIO. 


Lowest  Prices. 


BIG  DISCOUNT  FOR  EARI,Y 
ORDERS. 

On  cash  orders 

Before  January      i  4  per  cent. 

,,        February    13,,        ,, 

,,        March  12,,        ,, 

Bee  Supplies  of  all  Kinds* 

Established  nearly  25  years. 

We  have  published  the  American 
Bee  Keeper  for  15  years,  (monthly 
50c  a  year).  The  largest  and  best  il- 
lustrated magazine  of  its  kind  for  the 
price  published.  E(?ited  by  two  of 
the  most  experienced  bee-keepers  in 
America.  Sample  copy  free.  Our 
large,  illustrated  price  list  of  supplies 
free  on  application. 

The  W.  T.  Falconer  Mfg. 
Company, 

Jamf.stown,  N.  Y. 


354 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


\ii    Root's  Goods  at 
^  Root's  Prices 

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POUDER'S  Honey  Jars  and 
everything  used  by  Bee-Keepers. 

I,arge  and  complete  stock  on  hand 
at  all  times.    l,ow  freight  rates. 

Prompt  Service.   Catalog  sent  free. 

Walter  S.  Pou<icr 

513-515  Mass.  Ave. 
INDIANAPOI^IS,     IND. 


DITTMER'S 

FOUNDATION 

Wh3^  do  thousands  of  Bee- 
Keepers  prefer  it  to  other 
makes?  Because  the  bees  like 
it  best  and  aceept  it  more 
readily. 

DITTMER'S  PROCERS 
IS    DITTMER'S 

it  stands  on  it's  OWN  NAME 
and  it's  OWN  FOUNDA- 
TION, to  which  alone  it  ows 
it's  reputation  and  merits. 

We  are  now  ready  to  make 
prices  for  next  season,  for 
Working  Wax  for  Cash  and 
for  full  line  of  supplies. 
Wholesale  and  Retail, 
Free  Catalogue  and  Sam- 
ples. 

Qus  Dittmer, 
Augusta,  Wisconsin. 


Send    for 

1906 
Catalog, 

Beeswax 

wanted 


We  have  a  complete  stock  of 
Root^s  goods.  Let  us  quote 
you  prices.  We  want  to  know 
every  bee-keeper  in  Michigan. 
M.  H.  HUNT  &  Son, 

Bell  Branch,  Mich. 

Jobbers  for  The  Root  Co.  in  Mich. 


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THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


355 


HTlake  Youp  Ow^n  Hives. 


3ee  ^  Keepers 

Will  save  money  by 
using-  our  Foot  Pow- 
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their  hives,  sections 
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BIG  DISCOUNT  ON  ALL  KINDS  OF 
BEE-KEEPER'S  SUPPLIES. 

Until  Maj'  1st,  free,  a  year's  sub- 
scription to  a  Bee  Journal  with  an  order 
of  S15.00  or  over.  Dovetailed  Hives  and 
Marshfield  Sections  bj'  the  carload; 
special  prices  made  to  small  dealers. 
Dittmer's  Foundation,  wholesale  and 
retail. 

Send  for  m}'  32  page  illustrated 
catalog  free. 

W.   D.   SOPER, 

Jackson,  Mich, 

BEES,  QUEENS  AND  SUPPLIES 

We  ma  nil  fact  II  re  standard  dovetailed  bee-hives 
and  supplies,  cheaper  than  yon  ever  bought 
before.  Our  Queens  and  Bees  stand  at  the  head 
in  quality.  Untested  75c,  each;  I4  25  for  6;  or 
J8.00  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25  each;  ji2  00  per 
dozen.  Select  tested,  $1  50.  Special  prices  to 
dealers  and  in  large  lots  on  application.  Ditt- 
mer's foundation      Catalog  free. 

THE  BEE  &  HONEY  COMPANY, 
Will  Atchley,  Prop. 
Beoville,    Bee  Co.)  Texas 


We  manufacture  ever3'thing  needed 
in  the  Apiarj^  and  carry  a  large  stock 
and  greatest  variety.  We  assure  you 
the  best  goods  at  LOWEST  PRICES 
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excessive  freight  charges  as  well  as  time 
and  worry  in  having  goods  transferred 
and  damaged.  We  make  the  Alternat- 
ing, Massie,  Langstroth  and  the  Dove- 
tail Hives. 

Our  prices  are  very  reasonable  and 
to  convince  you  of  such  will  mail  you 
our  free  illustrated  and  descriptive 
catalog  and  price  list  upon  request. 
We  want  ever}'  bee-keeper  to  have  our 
catalog.  SPECIAL  DISCOUNTS  now. 
Write  todaj'. 

KRETCHMER  MFG.,  CO. 
l-0b-12t  Counci:  Bluffs,  Iowa 

Catalogs  issued  in  English  or  German 


356 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


"DADANT'S  FOUNDATION"    I 

IT  EXCELS.  S 

EVERY  INCH  equal  to  sami>les.  I| 


Beauty,    Purity,  Firmness.     No    Sag-g-ing,    no    Loss.     Twenty-seven       ^B 

years  of  Experience.     We  guarantee  satisfaction.     Wax  §d% 

worked  into  Foundation.  ^| 

BEE  SUPPLIES  I 

of  all  kinds  W 

BEESWAX  ^V ANTED  ■ 

at  all  times.  ^^ 

Agent  for  Michigan,  A.  G.  WOODIVIAN,  Grand  Rapids.  t|0| 

DADANT  &  SONS,  Hamilton,  III. 


\    PATENT,     BINGHAM       SMOKEIRS.        24 
<    YEIARS   the:    BEIST.      CATALOG    FREZEI.    j 
F.       BINGHAM,        FARWEILL,       MICH,    j 


\y>.ys^-s. 


TRAINLOAD  ^F  BEE    SUPPLIES 

Aj^^)W00P(M^N  CO. 

MlONSII 


u 


tx 


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\)c  (i)ee- 


eps 


A  MONTHLY   JOURNAL 

Devoted  to  the  Interests  of  Honey  Producers. 
$L00  A  YEAR, 
w.  z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  m  Proprietor. 

VOL.  XIX.      FLINT,  MICHIGAN,  DEC.  15,  1906.       NO.  12 


a  filing 


>ir0od    Frames    for 


W.    Z.    HUTCHINSON. 


DON'T  urge  that  everybody  make 
their  own  hives  andfixtures.  Hives, 
supers,  frames,  etc,  need  not  be  as 
nicely  finished  as  cabinet  work,  but 
ought  to  be  exact  in  dimensions,  and 
all  interchangeable.  If  this  condition 
of  affairs  can  be  secured  only  by  the 
the  purchase  of  factory-made  goods, 
then  use  that  kind  of  goods;  but  many 
bee-keepers  are  good  mechanics,  and 
located  near  planing  mills  that  do 
good,  accurate  work.  Such  men  can 
save  money  by  making  their  own 
frames,  hives,  supers,  etc.  To  be  sure, 
there  are  some  frames  on  the  market 
that  can't  be  cut  out  at  an  ordinary 
planing  mill — special  machinery  is 
needed  for  cutting  out  Danzenbaker 
frames,  for  instance.  But,  as  most  of 
you  know,  my  preference  is  for  a  plain, 
so-called,  all-wood  frame,  that  can  be 
cut  out  of  a  %  board  with  a  common 
buzz  saw.     I  don't    want    any  staples, 


nor  nails,  nor  any  other  self-spacing 
arrangements.  I  want  no  attachments 
on  a  frame — just  a  plain,  straight, 
smooth,  even,  %  frame  all  around.  It 
seems  a  pity  to  me  that  bee-keepers 
will  pay  for  these  extra  fixings  on 
frames,  when  said  fixings  onl}'  make 
the  frames  less  easy  of  manipulation. 
Self-spacing  frames,  staples,  etc.,  are 
all  right  when  an  apiary  is  to  be  moved, 
but  I  would  rather  fasten  the  frames, 
even  with  nails,  if  necessary,  when 
the  bees  are  moved,  if  they  are  to  be 
moved, than  to  be  pestered  all  the  season 
with  all  of  these  contogglements. 

Holding  the  foregoing  views  on 
frames,  being  "handy  with  tools,"  and 
living  near  a  mill  where  good  and 
accurate  work  can  be  secured,  it  will 
be  seen  that  I  am  in  position  to  make 
my  own  frames  and  hives  at  consider- 
able saving.  My  frames  are  the  Langs- 
troth,  the  end  bars  are  ^s  in  thickness, 


360 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


the  bottom  bar  is  %  thick,  and  the  top 
bar  7-16  thick.  The  bottom  bar  of  a 
frame  does  not  need  to  be  very  strong-, 
as  its  only  object  is  to  keep  the  end 
bars  in  place,  from  spreading,  or  from 
swinging-  in  when  the  frame  is  wired. 
For  this  reason  %  inch  in  thickness  is 
enough.  The  bottom  bar  is  nailed  to 
the  ends  of  side  bars— not  placed  be- 
tween them.  A  top  bar  of  soft  pine, 
only  y%  thick,  may  sag]  at  times,  but  I 


ing  home  made  frames  is  the  piercing  of 
the  end  bars,  but,  if  he  has  sufficient 
ingenuity  and  gumption  he  can  rig  up 
some  kind  of  a  machine  that  will  do 
this  work.  The  frontispiece  shows  a 
machine  that  I  had  for  this  purpose. 
First,  there  is  a  plain,  flat  board, 
about  a  foot  wide  and  six  feet  long  laid 
upon  the  floor  as  a  foundation.  There 
is  a  cross  piece  at  the  back  end  to  keep 
it  from  tipping  over.     In  the  middle,  at 


Nailing  on  the  Bottom  Bar. 


had^mine  made  of  vvhitewood,  and  7-16 
thick,  and,  out  of  3,000,  not  one  sagged 
a  particle. 

I  got  the  plain  sticks  sawed  out  at 
the  mill  for  only  65  cts  per  100  frames. 
But  let  me  tell  you  how  I  secured  this 
price.  I  did  not  go  to  the  mill  and 
give  my  order  to  have  them  cut  out  of 
clear  lumber,  and  insist  that  they  must 
be  done  next  week.  I  gave  my  order  at 
least  six  weeks  before  I  wanted  the 
goods,  and  this  allowed  them  to  be  cut 
out  at  odd  spells,  out  of  waste.  It  is 
quite  an  advantage  to  the  owner  of  a 
small  mill  to  have  some  such  job  that  a 
man  can  be  set  at  when  waiting  for 
other  regular  work. 

To  the  man  who  wishes  to  wire  his 
frames,  the  one  great  obstacle  in  mak- 


right  angles  with  the  board  on  the 
floor,  is  nailed  another  board  of  the 
same  width,  in  an  upright  position, 
and  firmly  held  in  place  with  braces. 
About  the  middle  of  the  upright  board 
is  firmly  nailed  a  little  shelf  upon 
which  to  place  the  end  bars  that  are  to 
be  pierced.  Just  above  this  shelf  is  a 
sliding  board  of  hard  wood,  that  is 
held  in  place  by  cleats  screwed  to  the 
edges  of  the  upright  standard.  Across 
the  front  side  of  the  lower  end  of  the 
sliding  board,  is  bolted  a  piece  of  hard 
wood,  and  between  this  piece  of  hard 
wood,  and  the  sliding  board,  equally 
distant  apart,  (about  two  inches)  are 
placed  four,  large,  harness  makers' 
awls.  A  neat  little  groove  is  cut,  with 
the    point  of  a  knife,  in    each  piece   of 


THE  BEE-ITEEPERS'  REVIEW 


361 


wood  to  receive  an  awl;  and,  to  keep  the 
awl  firmly  in  place,  from  beinpf  forced 
farther  into  the  socket,  or  from 
being'  pulled  out,  the  back  end  of  the 
shank  is  heated  red  hot,  bent  at  rig-ht 
angfles,  and  then  driven  down  into  a 
hole  made  with  a  brad  awl  in  the  back, 
or  long:  piece  of  wood.  To  do  this 
bending  of  the  shank  I  drove  the  point 
of  the  awl  into  the  end  of  a  soft  piece 
of  pine  stick.  This  held  the  awl,  and 
still  farther,  prevented  the  point  from 
becoming  heated,  and  thus  losing  its 
temper.  I  then  thrust  the  point  of  the 
shank  into  the  hot  coals  of  the  coal  fire, 
took  it  out  quickly  and  bent  it  with  a 
pair  of  pliers.  If  it  is  not  bent  suffi- 
ciently at  the  first  trial,  re-heat  the 
shank,  as  it  is  quite  likely  to  break  un- 
less it  is  red  hot  when  the  bending  is 
done.  After  the  bent  portions  of  the 
shanks  of  the  awls  have  been  driven 
in,  the  crosspiece  of  wood  that  goes  on 


longer,  which  allows  the  lever  to  be 
raised  up  and  down.  Four  nails  are 
driven  part  way  into  the  upright  board 
just  about  ^s  above  the  little  shelf,  and 
when  an  end  bar  is  put  in  place  to  be 
pierced,  it  goes  under  those  projecting 
nails,  which  hold  it  down  when  the 
awls  are  withdrawn.  A  piece  of  wide 
elastic  (rubber)  extends  from  the  lever 
to  the  top  of  the  machine  to  hold  up  the 
lever  while  an  end  bar  is  being  pnt  in 
place.  An  end  bar  is  put  in  under  the 
awls,  the  lever  depressed,  and  then 
raised,  when  the  end  bar  can  be  re- 
removed.  All  of  this  seems  like  a 
lengthy  description,  yet  I  made  the 
piachine  in  a  day,  and  one  of  my 
daughters  has  pierced  800  end  bars  in 
an  hour.  If  any  of  my  readers  should 
try  piercing  end  bars  with  awls,  let  me 
tell  them  to  be  sure  and  have  them 
made  of  soft  white  pine.  While  the 
awls     will     pierce    Norway    pine,     or 


Nailing  on  the  Top  Bar. 


over  them  is  put  in  place,  and  the  nuts 
of  the  bolts  screwed  up  tight,  which 
holds  the  awls  firmly  in  place.  A 
mortise  is  made  through  both  the  slid- 
ing piece,  and  the  board  back  of  it. 
The  mortise  in  the  sliding  piece  is  only 
long  enough  to  admit  a  lever,  but  that 
in  the  board  back  of  it  is  several  inches 


whitewood,  there    is  too    great  a  tend- 
ency to  splitting. 

After  the  end  bars  are  pierced,  then 
comes  the  nailing  up  of  the  frames, 
and  the  only  way  in  which  frames  of 
this  style,  those  made  of  just  plain, 
square  ended  sticks,  can  be  nailed  up, 
is   by  the   use  of  a  form  or   rack  in 


362 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


which  the  pieces  are  held  in  place 
while  being-  nailed.  To  make  such  a 
form  take  a  piece  of  board,  say,  a  foot 
wide,  and  two  feet  long-,  lay  it  down 
flat,  and  along-  its  center  nail  the  edge 
of  a  board  nearly  as  wide  as  a  frame  is 
tall.  To  the  sides  of  this  upright  board 
nail  four  strips,  two  near  each  end, 
and  just  far  enough  apart  and  in  the 
right  positions  so  that  an  end  bar  may 
be  slipped  between  each  pair  of  sticks, 
and  be  held  in  place  by  a  wooden 
button  that  may  turn  over  the  end 
bars.  When  the  end  bars  are  in  place 
lay  on  the  bottom  bar,  \vhen  the  out- 
side, upright  pieces  ought  to  be  of  such 
a  height  that  the  side  of  the  bottom 
bar  now  uppermost  will  just  come  even 
with  their  tops.  After  the  bottom  bar  is 
nailed  on  (one  nail  in  each  end  is  suffi- 
cient) turn  the  frame  over,  bringing  the 
bottom  bar  down  against  the  bed-piece 


of  the  form,  when  the  ends  of  the  end 
bars  then  uppermost  will  come  flush 
with  the  upper  ends  of  the  outside  up- 
rights. The  top  bar  is  now  laid  on, 
and  is  held  in  exactly  the  correct  posi- 
tion by  an  additional  strip  of  wood 
nailed  on  at  each  end  just  outside  the 
other  two  parallel  strips.  Two  nails 
in  each  end  are  sufficient.  I  use  inch 
nails  (cement  coated)  for  fastening  on 
the  bottom  bar,  and  inch  and  one-fourth 
for  the  top  bar. 

When  finished  I  have  a  frame  costing 
a  little  less  than  one  cent,  that  is 
simply  perfect  from  my  standpoint.  It 
is  plain,  simple  and  strong,  and, 
when  wired,  and  filled  with  a  sheet  of 
foundation,  will  result  in  a  comb  that 
has  no  superior.  I'll  tell  you  next 
month  about  the  wiring  and  putting  in 
the  foundation. 

Flint,  Mich.,  Dec.  14,  1906. 


>^^>P''r^'k^r^4J-::^<:^ 


eedij 


?es  ini 


:er  ai 


WALTER    HARMER. 


T  HAVE  just  hauled  in  my  Mason 
^  Co.,  out-apiary  of  65  colonies,  13 
miles,  with  three  horses,  one  team  and 
one  single  rig  (sleighs).  I  am  one  of 
those  contrary  mortals,  and  am  putting 
them  into  the  cellar  without  giving 
them  a  flight.  Father  once  said  : 
"Walter  will  have  his  own  way  any 
way."  Well,  I  am  not  worrying 
about  the  result,  as  I  have  not  noticed 
any  bad  efl^ects  from  so  doing  on  pre- 
vious occasions. 

About  So  per  cent,  of  these  colonies 
need  more  or  less  feed  to  carry  them 
through  until  May  next.  I  could  not 
feed  earlier,  as  in  the  case  of  the  home 
yard.     I'have_often  fedjsug-ar  syrup^in 


the  cellar;  one  winter  feeding  about 
500  lbs.,  without  any  bad  results;  in 
fact,  they  seemed  to  be  healthier  and 
cleaner  than  when  no  feeding  had  to 
be  done.  I  use  the  so-called  pepper 
box  feeder,  and  would  say  that 
nearly  every  colony  can  take  down  a 
pint  of  syrup  before  it  gets  cold,  and  a 
great  many  can  take  a  quart  at  a  time. 
If  they  quit  taking  it,  warm  it  up,  or 
give  them  a  rest.  They  will  not  be  in 
immediate  need  if  they  leave  it  when 
in  a  comfortable  cellar. 

Some  may  ask  what  becomes  of  the 
ruinous  moisture  ?  Well,  I  would  say 
that  since  I  have  practiced  ventilating 
the  hive  I  have  no  more  mouldy  Qombs. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


363 


If  I  wanted  bees  to  breed  in  the  winter 
and  did  not  care  whether  I  had  mouldy 
combs  or  not,  I  would  advocate  tight 
covers;  then  the  bees  could  have  all  the 
moisture  they  wanted,  as,  if  they  did 
not  reach  up  and  take  down  the  big^ 
drops  as  they  hung^  on  their  ceiling, 
the  drops  would  fall  down  upon  them 
whether  they  approved  of  it  or  not;  but 
with  the  flat  reversible  cover  drawn 
forward  so  that  there  is  from  V  to  Yz 
an  inch  space  across  the  top  of  the  hive 
at  the  back,  there  is  perfect  hive-venti- 
lation; and  no  matter  how  much  thin 
sprup  is  fed,  there  will  be  no  large 
drops  of  water  falling  on  the  bees, 
killing  them  and  destroying  the  combs. 

I  have  very  little  to  say  about  the 
temperature  of  my  cellar.  Sometimes 
it  down  near  freezing,  and,  at  other 
times  it  is  near  50  degrees;  but  I  think 
the  bees  are  better  at  40  degrees  than 
at  50;  that  is,  for  the  early  and  middle 
parts  of  the  winter. 

Notwithstanding    what    I    have  said 


about  having  hives  and  combs  dry  in 
the  cellar,  I  am  sure  there  are  times 
when  the  bees  need  more  moisture,  or 
water,  and  without  much  experience 
in  watering  bees  in  the  cellar,  I  can 
not  think  at  present  of  a  more  practi- 
cal way  than  a  little  shallow  recepta- 
cle, kept  supplied  at  such  times,  on 
the  alighting  board  close  to  the  en- 
trance. Last  winter  my  bees  went  in- 
to the  cellar  very  heavy  with  natural 
stores,  but  they  seemed  more  uneasy 
than  when  put  in  with  less  stores,  and 
fed  syrup.  I  watered  or  moistened 
them  by  sprinkling  water  over  the 
hives,  cellar  and  floor.  In  January  I 
opened  up  two  colonies;  they  both  had 
little  patches  of  brood  in  the  center  of 
the  cluster,  in  about  equal  amounts. 
One  colony  was  considerably  afi^ected 
with  dysentery,  having  begun  to  spot 
up  the  hive  and  combs,  while  the  other 
was  as  sweet  as  a  new  pin. 

Manistee,  Mich.,  Dec.  4,  1806. 


^'''>^^'f^WMr^4J''=^<^' 


el-pffwl  TalRs  on  E^^tei^sive 


E.    D.    TOWNSEND. 


TT  HAS  now  teen  three  years  since  I 
^  wrote  a  series  of  articles  for  the 
Review,  giving  an  outline  of  my  method 
of  p'roducing  honey,  and  caring  for 
bees;  three  eventful  years,  during 
which  time  my  bees  have  been  increas- 
ing, more  yards  have  been  established, 
and,  as  more  bees  are  added,  I  find 
myself  changing  the  methods  of  man- 
agement to  quite  an  extent.  To  be 
sure,  many  of  the  old,  tried  methods 
are    still   kept  in    use,  but   every   year 


finds  me  whittling  down,  or  cutting 
out  entirelj',  some  manipulation  that  I 
used  to  tiiink  absolutely  necessary. 

The  editor,  knowing  of  these  many 
successful  changes  during  these  three 
years,  has  asked  me  to  go  into 
detail,  and  describe  mj'  methods  of 
management  clear  through  the  season; 
or,  in  other  words,  bring  everything 
up  to  date;  the  fact  is,  he  has  asked  me 
to  write  100  columns  for  the  Review 
during  the  season  of  1907. 


364 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


TH?:  EXPERIENCE  OF  WHICH  MR. 
TOWNSEND  IS  TO  TELL. 

His  knowing  that  we  had  produced, 
and  sold  $900  worth  of  honey  and  wax 
from  one  yard  of  168  colonies,  105 
miles  from  home,  by  rail,  this  poor 
season,  and  being  convinced  that  the 
same  management  in  a  good  season, 
would  have  swelled  this  amount  to 
nearly  $2,000,  is  one  of  the  reasons  for 
asking  me  to  write  for  the  Review 
again.  Another  reason  is,  this  yard, 
105  miles  from  home,  was  worked  for 
both  comb  and  extracted  honey,  84  col- 
onies for  each,  and  a  comparison  of 
results  between  the  relative  cost  of 
production  will  be  given. 

Then  there  are  the  four  extracted 
honey  yards  here  near  home  to  talk 
about;  but  I  think  I  have  said  enough 
along  this  line. 

CUT    ODT   ALL   UNPROFITABLE    MANIPU- 
LATIONS. 

In  being  able  to  distinguish  between 
the  paying  manipulations  and  those 
that  do  not  pay,  lies  much  of  the  secret 
of  successful,  extensive  bee-keeping. 
"Always  in  a  mood  to  learn,"  should 
be  our  motto.  We  are  too  prone  to 
hang  on  to  the  old  methods.  We  be- 
come accustomed  to  doing  things  in  a 
certain  way,  our  hands  become  deft  at 
this  way  of  manipulating  cur  bees. 
Right  here  is  where  most  of  us  make  a 
mistake.  The  new,  and,  perhaps, 
superior  way  is  tried;  everything  seems 
strange;  we  don't  get  along  very 
rapidly;  everything  feels  awkward; 
and,  if  we  are  not  clear  sighted  enough 
to  see  the  advantage  of  the  new  way, 
we  drop  back  to  the  old;  likely  never  to 
try  the  new  again,  and  an  opportunity 
for  progress  is  lost. 

But  what  I  will  say  in  "Helpful 
Talks,"  will  be  more  in  the  line  of 
what  not  to  do,  rather  than  adding  new 
manipulations,  to  the  already  too  com- 
plicated systems  in  vogue,  at  the 
present  time. 


The  system  I  am  about  to  describe 
is  an  old  tried  one,  one  that  has  stood 
the  test  of  years. 

PREPAREDNESS     A     GREAT       FACTOR     OF 
SUCCESSFUL    BEE-KEEPING. 

It  is  now  December;  my  bees  are  all 
in  their  winter  quarters;  590  colonies; 
155  are  chaff-packed  hives;  tie  balance 
in  clamps  (buried);  our  season's  work 
is  finished,  our  crop  of  honey  sold,  and 
I  am  commencing  to  think  about  what 
supplies,  etc.,  will  be  needed  for  an- 
other season;  for  I  usually  order  my 
season's  stock  during  January,  and 
have  them  all  nailed  up  and  frames 
wired  during  winter,  as  I  consider 
preparedness  a  great  factor  of  success- 
ful bee-keeping. 

THE   ADVANTAGES   OF  INTERCHANGE- 


I  am  thoroughly  convinced  that  the 
best  is  none  too  good,  so  I  buy  factory 
made  goods.  I  believe  in  specialism. 
Specialism  in  queen  rearing;  special- 
ism in  the  production  of  honey;  and 
specialism  in  the  manufacture  of  hives 
and  implements  pertaining  to  our  pur- 
suit. We  want  every  hive  in  a  yard 
just  like  every  other  hive;  then  we  want 
every  yard  to  have  hives  and  fixtures 
just  like  every  other  yard;  everything 
interchangeable,  To  illustrate:  I  con- 
tract the  entrances  of  my  hives  during 
the  cold  spring  months;  if  I  had  only  a 
few  bees,  say  in  a  home-yard,  it  would 
not  make  much  difference  whether  the 
entrances  were  all  alike  or  not.  I 
could  with  a  saw,  hammer  and  nails, 
a  few  laths  and  jacknife,  take  measure- 
ments and  cut  lath  the  right  length  to 
fit  any  kind  of  an  entrance,  but  with 
several  hundred  colonies  in  out-yards, 
scattered  around  the  country,  this 
would  be  quite  a  long  drawn  out  job; 
but  with  every  entrance  in  all  our 
yards  exactly  alike,  the  entrance 
blocks  are  cut  in  the  shop,  during  odd 
spells,  with  one-twentieth  of  the  time 
and  expense, 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


365 


This  is  only  one  of  the  many  manipu- 
lations in  the  producing  of  a  crop  of 
hone}',  and  one  can  easily  figure  out 
how  it  would  be  possible  to  so  work 
our  bees,  that  the  item  of  labor  alone, 
would  eat  up  all  of  the  profits  of  the 
business.  I  have  been  in  the  yards 
where  a  good  crop  of  honey  was  pro- 
produced  each  year,  one  in  particular, 
where  nearly  100  colonies  were  kept, 
where  it  did  not  seem  as  if  there  were 
any  two  hives  or  supers  alike.  Well 
do  I  remember  being  at  this  particular 
yard  one  day  during  our  main  honey 
flow  in  June.  This  man  was  putting 
on  comb  honey  supers.  His  hives  were 
numbered,  had  to  be,  and  each  super 
was  also  numbered,  to  correspond 
with  the  hives.  In  other  words,  the 
supers  w^ere  not  i:iterchange?ble;  each 
super  worked  to  the  best  advantage 
only  on  a  certain  hive.  We  were  going 
down  through  the  yard,  and  he  says 
"No.  36  seems  to  be  in  need  of  more 
super  room."  The  cover  was  lifted 
off.  Yes,  they  needed  another  super. 
I  went  with  him  to  the  honey  house, 
after  the  super.  Says  he  :  "No.  36," 
"No.  36,"  "I  think  it  must  be  in  that 
pile  back  there."  Two  or  three  piles 
of  supers  were  shoved  to  one  side, 
when,  sure  enough,  there  was  "No. 
36,''  next  to  the  bottom  of  the  pile,  and 
seven  or  eight  supers  were  piled  over 
to  get  "36."  Then  I  noticed  he  had  a 
box  on  his  wheelbarrow  with  several 
lengths  and  thicknesses  of  splints  and 
small  sticks.  After  finding  the  right 
super,  we  went  back  to  the  hive,  where 
I  saw  the  splint  act  worked;  for,  sure 
enough,  he  needed  then:,  as,  after 
placing  the  super  on  the  hive  there 
was  a  crack  clear  across  one  side,  that 
had  to  be  calked  up.  I  don't  know 
how  long  it  took  this  man  to  give  this 
super,  but  one  thing  I  was  sure  of,  it 
took  him  altogether  too  long  for  prac- 
tical honey  production.  How  much 
more  business  like  it  would  have  been 
to  have  had  every  hive  in  this  yard  just 
alike,  then,  of  course,  every  super  just 


right  to  fit  every  hive,  then  it  would 
have  been  possible  to  load  up  the 
wheelbarrow  with  supers,  go  to  the 
front  row  and  give  room,  then  the  sec- 
ond row,  etc.,  until  super  room  had 
been  given  to  the  whole  yard.  You 
will  notice  that,  with  this  business 
system,  last  described,  there  is  no 
hunting  for  some  special  super,  to  fit 
some  ill-shaped  hive;  the  first  super 
you  can  get  hold  of  is  sure  to  fit. 
Now,  I  do  not  think  it  is  any  exaggera- 
tion when  I  say  ten  of  the  latter  well- 
fitting  supers  could  be  given  the  bees 
to  one  of  the  first;  in  that  case,  if  it 
took  the  man  with  the  old  rickety  hives 
all  his  time  toattend  100  colonies,  don't 
you  see,  with  the  last,  everything-fit- 
plan,  it  would  be  possible  for  a  man, 
with  everything  modern,  and  up  to 
date,  to  work,  saj',  five  yards  with  the 
same  labor  that  this  man  gives  his  one 
yard.  This  use  any-old-kind-of-hive, 
or  implement,  man,  is  the  one  who  says 
any  one  working  more  than  one  yard 
of  bees,  cannot  work  them  well.  Still, 
further,  don't  you  see  that  this  system, 
if  it  could  be  called  a  system,  is  one 
that  no  one  except  himself  can  under- 
stand ?  Hired  help  (?)  Well  I  guess 
not.  Hired  help  would  not  have  the 
patience  to  go  through  all  of  these 
manoeuvres  even  if  it  were  possible  to 
understand  them. 

An  OUTLINE  OF  THINGS  TO  BE  TOLD. 

In  the  January  Review,  I  will  talk 
about  hives  and  fixtures;  tell  which 
hive  is  best  for  out-yard  work,  and 
why;  and  whj'  I  have  adopted  a  differ- 
ent hive  for  comb,  than  for  extracted 
honey.  This  will  likely  take  all  the 
the  space  I  have  in  that  number;  then 
will  come  the  location,  and  the  locat- 
ing of  yards;  then  spring-work  and 
then  the  busy  season,  with  too  many 
headings  to  mention  here,  and  then 
last  but  not  least,  the  turning  of  the 
crop  into  cash  to  the  best  advantage. 
RKMUS,  Mich.,  Dec,  11,  1906. 


366 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


falling   Fomndati©!!. 


G.    W.    DAYTON. 


NOTICE  your  account  on  pag-e  307 
of  Mr.  Rickert's  rendering  wax  by 
the  use  of  a  cider  press;  and,  that  it 
worked  like  a  "charm." 

Now  what  puzzles  me  is  to  know  what 
is  meant  by  "charm."  How  much  of  a 
"charm  ?"  I  see  that  the  presses  may 
be  had  of  Sears,  Roebuck  &  Co.,  for 
$3.37.  I  might  have  engaged  some  of 
your  convention  folks  to  have  brought 
a  press  as  baggage  as  far  as  San 
Antonio,  and  then  sent  it  on  to  Los 
Angeles  by  some  one  coming  this  way, 
but,  really,  I  have  not  yet  decided 
about  ordering  it.  I  have  not  figured 
out  the  "charm."  I  was  at  a  neigh- 
bor's recently,  and  he  had  just  gotten 
through  rendering  his  wax  and  was 
also  quite  "charmed."  He  had  about 
30  pounds  of  slum  gum  ready  for  the 
stove.  I  paid  him  30  cents  for  it — 30 
pounds.  At  the  first  melting  I  got  12 
pounds,  or  $3.00  worth.  In  a  few  days 
I  will  give  it  another  turn,  and  I  ex- 
expect  to  get  10  to  12  pounds  more.  I 
want  to  get  enough  to  pay  fair  interest 
on  my  speculation;  see  ? 

WHAT     REPEATED     MELTING     WILL     DO. 

I  had  almost  finished  rendering  my 
own  wax,  consisting  of  cappings,  old 
combs  and  a  quantity  of  old  slum  gum, 
and  there  were  220  gallons,  or  about 
1,200  pounds.  There  were  about  70 
gallons  of  honey  that  was  in  it  that 
had  been  too  dry  and  hard  to  drain 
out.  When  I  got  out  all  the  clear  yel- 
low wax,  there  were  about  20  gallons 
of  slum  gum.  It  showed  no  wax  until 
it  was  dry.  Then  it  showed  wax  by 
rubbing  on  a  board  with  a  knife.  I 
put  it  to  melt  again,  and  got  about  50 
pounds    of     darker    wax.       It    would 


answer  very  well  for  brood  foundation. 
Then  there  were  about  eight  gallons  of 
slum  gum;  still  it  showed  wax.  So  I 
melted  it  up  and  got  out  six  pounds 
more  of  wax  that  would  do  for  fasten- 
ing foundation  to  top  bars.  There 
were  about  6  or  7  gallons  of  slum  gum 
and  it  still  showed  wax.  Another 
melting  turned  out  about  3  pounds  of 
very  dark  wax.  There  were  at  this 
time,  about  6  gallons  of  slum  gum 
which  weighed  8  pounds  when  dry. 
Well  that  is  now.  It  is  not  quite  dry 
yet  or  it  would  weigh  less.  I  expect  to 
get  more  wax  at  the  next  melting. 
Possibly  a  pound  or  more.  I  have  not 
used  any  sort  of  pressure  at  any  time. 
Now  I  would  ask  Mr.  Rickert  if  his 
"charm"  is  equal  to  this  ?  Of  course 
it  always  charms  to  have  things  work 
out  nicely.  But  my  neighbor  is  sort  of 
"blue"  since  I  got  $5  00  off  from  him 
for  30  cents. 

This  is  not  the  end  of  my  story.  It 
is  not  a  very  good  story  either,  unless 
it  is  clinched  somewhere. 

When  I  first  melt  up  the  comb  and 
hone}'  I  pour  it  out  together  in  a  dish. 
The  honey  goes  to  the  bottom  and  the 
wax  stays  at  the  top.  I  get  lumps  of 
wax  weighing  from  5  to  7  pounds  out 
of  a  S-gal.  can  of  comb  and  cappings; 
when  there  is  enough  of  these  to  make 
a  cake  the  size  of  a  5-gal.  can,  or 
nearby,  I  melt  them  all  together. 

Here  is  a  kink,  now  don't  miss  it.  I 
own  a  foundation  mill,  in  fact,  three  of 
them.  They  eat  only  once  a  year.  In 
the  spring,  about  swarming  time. 
There  is  no  law  yet  against  feeding 
wax  to  foundation  mills.  So  I  am 
"strictly  in  it,"  for  awhile,  at  least, 
until  more  laws  come. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


367 


DRIPPING  SHEETS  FOR   FOUNDATION 
WHEN  MAKING  WAX. 

When  the  tank  of  melted  wax  is  set 
off  the  stove  I  have  six  or  seven  dip- 
ping^  boards  ready,  and  as  soon  as  the 
wax  approaches  the  proper  tempera- 
ture I  begin  to  dip  sheets  of  wax  for 
foundation.  By  the  time  it  becomes 
too  cool  to  dip  any  more,  I  get  out  12 
to  20  pounds  of  sheets  cut  to  the  right 
length  and  edged  for  the  foundation 
mill.  It  is  rather  lively  work.  A  few 
notches  below  real  lightning.  As  the 
boards  are  raised  out  of  the  tank  of 
wax  they  are  hung  upon  a  rack  to 
drain  off  the  surplus  wax,  and  I  keep 
on  dipping  with  other  boards.  But  the 
sheets  on  boards  must  not  get  too  cool 
before  the  second  dip.  I  dip  twice  for 
medium  brood  foundation.  My  dip- 
ping boards  are  not  three  feet  long — 
only  10  inches.  Then  they  are  handled 
by  the  use  of  a  wire  attached  to  the 
middle  of  each  side  or  edge — bail 
fashion. 

WHAT  MAY  BE  ACCOMPLISHED  BY  ROLL- 
ING SHEETS  OF    WAX,    BEFORE 
MAKING  FOTTDATION. 

Dip  first  one  end  and  then  the  other 
end.  This  makes  both  ends  of  the 
sheet  thick  while  the  middle  is  thinner. 
Now  look  out  for  a  kink.  I  put  the 
sheets  through  between  two  sr^ooth, 
steel  rollers  like  those  the  tinner  rolls 
eave  troughs  on.  In  fact,  that  is  what 
mine  were  intended  for  and  I  gave 
$2.50  for  them,  second  hand.  I  roll 
the  sheets  through  five  times.  Roll 
them  down  gradually  so  as  not  to 
break  the  grain  of  the  wax.  First 
put  one  edge  through,  then  the 
other;  sidewise  of  the  sheets.  By  the 
way,  they  are  not  rolled  until  a  month 
or  so  after  dipping — time  enough  to 
evaporate  the  moisture  all  out.  The 
more  rolling  they  get  the  tougher  they 
become.  The  thicker  ends  are  rolled 
down  to  about  the  thickness  of  the 
middle.  Roll  200  or  300  sheets  at  a 
time    and  set    the  rolls    anew  for    each 


time  through.  Roll  the  middle  of  the 
sheet  twice  but  not  enough  to  stretch 
the  wax.  When  the  sheets  are  put 
through  the  foundation  mill,  the  rolls 
are  exactly  set  so  as  to  use  up  all  the 
wax  in  the  cell  walls  but  not  to  stretch 
the  sheets.  I  have  told  you  how  the 
center  of  the  sheets  not  stretched 
and  the  grain  of  the  wax  is  left  un- 
broken. Now  foundation  made  by  this 
process  does  not  sag.  The  ends  of  the 
sheets  might  sag  if  they  came  in  the 
middle  of  the  brood  frames.  But 
therein  lies  one  of  the  great  unfathom- 
able laws  of  philosophy— the  bringing 
of  the  ends  and  the  middle  to  be 
situated  at  the  same  identical  point. 
The  longer  these  sheets  remain  (up  to 
six  months  or  so)  the  easier  it  becomes 
to  run  them  through  the  rolls  of 
the  foundation  mill.  The  less  they 
stick. 

ADVANTAGES    OF   A   SLIGHT   CHANGE    IN 

THE  SHAPE  OF  THE  BASE  OF 

THE    CELLS. 

I  have  made  foundation  some  20 
3'ears  or  more,  with  a  new  kink  every 
now  and  then. 

One  of  the  first  was  to  cut  away  the 
corner  of  the  cell  base  on  the  founda- 
tion rolls.  The  corner  that  comes  out 
behind  as  the  sheet  goes  through. 
This  made  a  cell  base  which  has  four 
sides  instead  of  three.  It  added  one- 
sixteenth  of  an  ounce  of  wax  to  each 
pound  of  foundation.  That  was  one- 
eighth  of  one  cent  out  lay  but  reduced 
the  labor  of  making  3  or  4  cents  per 
pound.  It  would  be  run  through  the 
mill  rapidly  as  there  is  no  such  thing 
as  "picking"  for  the  end  or  pulling  off 
the  sheet.  I  took  off  the  hand  crank 
and  put  a  pulley  in  its  place.  Attached 
power.  Pnt  through  40  sheets  per 
minute. 

Now  look  sharply.  There  is  a  kink 
or  two  here.  I  will  try  to  fix  it  up  so 
you  can  see  it.  All  foundation  mill 
makers  spoil  the  facility  of  foundation 
making  by   trying    to   make  a  natural 


368 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


or  perfect  cell  base.  They  try  to  leave 
nothing-  for  the  bees  to  do.  Is  it  not 
astonishing  how  man  tries  to  supplant 
nature  ?  I  have  seen  persons  in  propa- 
gating plants  and  trees  try  to  do  the 
things  the  plants  and  trees  ought  to  do 
themselves.  The  reason  the  "fool" 
boy  could  set  the  hens  so  much  better 
than  his  smart  brother  was  because  he 
gave  the  hens  their  own  way.  He  let 
the  hens  manage  the  nest  making. 
My  system  of  swarm  control  allows 
the  swarms  to  control  affairs.  We 
read  of  bees  being  provided  with  new, 
clean  hives  with  nice,  drawn  combs 
and  such,  but  the  bees  do  not  stay  in 
such  hives.  The  bees  prefer  an  old, 
weather  worn  box  with  no  combs  at 
all.  They  take  a  nice  hive  and  drawn 
combs  to  be  a  huge  joke.  It  has  always 
been  my  wonder  that  they  did  not  learn 
to  come  out  and  go  to  the  woods  with- 
out ever  stopping  to  alight.  I  do  not 
leave  the  foundation  as  perfectly 
finished  as  some  other  systems  of 
foundation  making,  but  the  bees  finish 
it  up  more  perfectly  than  any.  That  is 
the  kink.  Do  not  make  the  sheets  of 
foundation  so  perfect  as  it  is  possible. 
It  makes  very  little  difference  with  the 
bees  but  it  counts  a  whole  lot  in  the 
making. 

Here  is  another  kink.  I  put  the 
sheets  of  wax  into  the  mill  or  rolls  from 
the  same  side  from  which  they  are 
withdrawn.  The  sheets  are  held 
straight  as  they  go  in  and  withdrawn 
straight.  Some  consider  this  working 
backward.  In  comparison  to  a  clothes 
wringer  it  is  backward,  but  if  it  is 
compared  to  taking  a  proof  of  type  on  a 
printing  press  it  is  working  in  the  for- 
ward direction.  In  order  to  make  this 
kink  possible,  the  rolls  must  be 
separated  a  space,  and  the  pressure 
applied  after  the  sheet  is  put  in  be- 
tween them.  At  first  thought  one 
would  think  this  operation  would  dis- 
arrange the  rolls  so  that  the  cell-form- 
ing projections  would  become  muti- 
lated.    But  not  so.     The  cog  wheels  at 


the  ends  govern  the  mesh  of  the  rolls, 
as  they  need  to  be  separated  only 
one-eighth  of  an  inch,  while  the  cogs 
are  one-fourth  inch  deep  and  remain 
in  mesh  all  the  time. 

In  handling  the  sheets  of  wax  it  is 
done  with  the  "pulling  out"  gripper. 
Picked  up  from  off  the  pile  with  the 
gripper.  And  the  grip  is  not  released 
until  after  the  sheet  has  been  rolled. 
That  leaves  a  one-fourth  inch  strip 
across  one  end  of  the  sheets  without  in- 
dentations (but  not  necessarily  so)  and 
is  to  be  cut  off.  Thus  the  end  which 
usually  sticks  to  the  rolls  is  picked  up 
before  the  sheet  is  put  in.  The  great- 
est drawback  to  foundation  making  is 
entirely  eliminated.  The  reason  the 
sheets  run  crooked  when  in  the  rolls, 
break,  stick,  etc.,  b}'  the  old  way,  is 
because  the  rolls  wade  through  a  great 
surplus  of  wax.  By  my  process  every 
part  is  reduced  to  an  exactness  and  it 
is  easier  (not  to  mention  the  certainty 
of  it)  than  guess  work.  There  are  no 
slow,  painstaking  moves.  They  all 
admit  of  lightning  rapidity  of  working. 
Yet  it  is  all  simple,  inexpensive  ma- 
chinery. 

A  FEW  LAST  WORDS    ON   "DIPPING." 

One  more  kink  before  closing  this 
already  too  lengthy  description.  About 
dipping  the  sheets.  My  dipping  boards 
are  10  inches  long.  I  use  a  five  gallon 
kerosene  can  which  costs  5  cents  for 
a  dipping  tank.  I  have  several  spe- 
cially made  dipping  tanks,  but  they 
are  out  back  of  the  barn  in  the  weeds. 
In  good  order.  My  frames  are  13 
inches  long,  and  the  10-inch  sheets  roll 
out  to  sufficient  length.  If  I  were  to 
start  anew  I  would  adopt  a  12  inch  top 
bar.  Not  to  be  odd  but  for  convenience 
and  utility.  As  the  dipping  tank  is 
14  inches  deep,  I  can  dip  out  3  inches 
in  depth  of  wax.  Then  I  drop  into  one 
side  of  the  tank  a  flat  shaped  can  of 
water.  This  raises  the  wax  up  to  the 
top  again.  If  we  put  water  into  the 
wax,  the  wax  will  get  water  logged. 
If  we  put  in    more   melted    wax  it  dis- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


369 


arranges  the  temperature  and  makes 
uncertainty.  The  can  of  water  can  be 
tempered  before  it  is  put  in.  As  the 
wax  gets  lower  again  I  put  in  another 
tank  of  water  on  the  other  side  of  the 
wax  tank.  Keep  on  this  way  until 
four  tanks  of  water  have  been  put  in; 
at  which  time  there  will  remain  onl3' 
about  a  I'z-inch  space  of  wax  in  the 
center.  The  temperature  of  the  water 
should  be  slightly  above  the  melting 
point  of  wax. 

When  the  comb  and  honey  is  melted, 
at  first  it  is  necessary  to  set  the  can 
into    another     larger    can    containing 


water.  It  takes  from  three  to  five  hours 
with  a  hot  fire  to  melt  a  batch  in  the 
usual  way.  It  takes  me  from  20  to  30 
minutes  to  accomplish  the  same  thing. 
The  bottoin  of  my  comb-can  has  60,  /s 
tubes  extending  upward  containing 
hot  water.  It  would  require  two  or 
three  days  to  form  these  tubes  by  hand 
and  then  the  result  wonld  be  a  "botch 
job."  I  made  a  machine  in  four  hours 
that  will  make  400  of  these  tubes  in 
one  hour,  and  be  a  very  neat  job,  en- 
tirely finished,  while  a  dozen  tinners 
in  Los  Angeles  say  it  is  impossible. 
Chatsworth,  Calif.,  Nov.  10,  1906. 


■^^^*^«^  fc^'h^^F^^*^rfmMmjr«B^*jr<ji^j<^  u'U'^.Ffc^g^ir^i^jr'  i^mj^n^n^n  ^^^^^^^^^mj^m^^^n.^m^^^^^r^P^m^^w^^p^^^ft^^^^^^^^^p^^t^^^^^^m 


ntorS 


■  ^^^^Mjf.  ti.lu'U'u*  ii^»»^^^»«»j(T*m^««^«^«^«^  iLR«^iFit»*«^^^^«^  n^UTK^^^^a^^aV^K  »«^i^*m»'«  ^jTM^r^fr^^-n^M^^^M  ^*^m.^At^^n^i. 


Northern  Michigan,  with  its  wildness, 
and  the  establishment  and  manage- 
ment of  apiaries  there,  will  certainly 
add  to  my  length  of  days  It  drives 
from  my  ears  the  din  of  town;  it  soothes 
my  nerves;  fills  my  soul  with  a  quite 
joy — takes  me  back  to  the  days  of  my 
childhood. 


»jni»^^u»»»u" 


The  Review  does  not  have  so  many 
pages  and  pictures,  nor  so  full  conven 
tion  reports,  as  do  some  of  the  journals ; 
in  short,  it  does  not  attempt  to  pattern 
after  any  of  them,  excellent  though  they 
be;  it  simply  tries  to  be  Use//;  and,  in 
tis  way,  make  itself  helpful  to  those 
who  are  keeping  bees  as  a  business. 
To  that  class  I  believe  it  is  worth  many 
times  its  cost,  regardless  of  whether 
the  other  journals  are  read  or  not. 


w»»u»^»«««* 


M.  V.  Facey,  of  Preston,  Minn.,  has 
not  written  very  much  for  publication, 
but  in  a  quiet  way,  he  has,  for  several 
years,  been  making    money    producing 


and  selling  extracted  honej';  now  he  is 
to  tell  the  readers  of  the  Review  how 
he  does  it.  His  first  article  will  ap- 
pear in  Januar}'. 


»^u»*»*»»ii^ 


An  Agreeable  Experience  is  one  that  I 
enjoj'ed  coming  home  from  the  Chicago 
convention — that  of  sitting  in  a 
smoothly  gliding  dining  car,  a  feast  of 
good  things  spread  out  on  the  table  in 
front  of  me,  while  the  swirling  flakes 
of  a  snow  storm  whitened  the  fields 
outside. 


•m^'w*^**'*' 


E  F.  Atwaler  of  Idaho,  has,  for  several 
j'ears,  made  his  living  entirel3'  from 
bee-keeping,  running  a  series  of  out- 
apiaries,  some  of  them  many  miles 
from  home,  and,  in  the  January  Re- 
view, he  will  begin  a  series  of  articles 
giving  his  experience  in  producing 
both  comb  and  extracted  honey,  par- 
ticular attention  being  given  to  the 
management  or  control  of  increase. 


370 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


It  is  Better  than  anything^  else,  that 
the  world  should  be  a  little  better  be- 
cause a  man  has  lived — even  ever  so 
little  better. 

The  Washington  State  bee-keepers  will 
hold  their  annual  convention  at  the 
State  Agricultural  Colleg^e,  in  Pull- 
man, Jan.  7,  8  and  9.  Several  promi- 
nent bee-keepers  have  promised  to  be 
present,  and  a  stereopticon  lecture  will 
be  one  of  the  features.  There  is  a  cor- 
dial invitation  to  all. 

The  Foul  Brood  laws  of  the  different 
States  are,  occasionally,  of  special  in- 
terest— where  an  effort  is  being  made, 
for  instance,  to  secure  such  laws. 
When  the  occasion  arises,  it  may  be 
well  to  know  that  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Entomology,  at  Washington,  D.  C.  has 
Issued  a  bulletin  (No.  61)  entitled 
"State  an  I  Territorial  Laws  Relative 
to  Foul  Brood."  This  bulletin  gives 
the  foul  brood  laws  of  all  the  different 
States  and  Territories. 

The  National  election  of  officers  re- 
sulted as  follows  : — 

Whole  number  of  votes  cast  for  Presi- 
dent, 752,  of  which  L.  A.  Aspinwall 
receives  403,  M.  A.  Gill  340,  and  scat- 
tering 9  votes. 

Whole  number  of  votes  cast  for  Vice- 
President  797,  of  which  Geo.  E.  Hilton 
received  315,  E.  W.  Alexander  299,  W. 
H.  Laws  179,  and  scattering  4  votes. 

Whole  number  of  votes  cast  for  Sec- 
retary 801,  of  which  Jas.  A.  Green  re- 
ceives 436,  George  W.  York  306,  W.  Z. 
Hutchinson  56,  and    scattering  3  votes. 

Whole  number  of  votes  cast  for  Gen- 
eral Manager  807,  all  of  them  being 
cast  for  N.  E.  France. 

Whole  number  votes  cast  for  Direc- 
tors 2283,  of  which  G.  M.  Doolittle  re- 
ceives 620,  Jas.  A.  Stone  515,  R.  A. 
Holekarnp  442,  Wm.  Russell  303,  J.  J. 
Cosby  243,  E.  E,  Pressler  164,  and 
scattering  6  votes. 


The  Kansas  State  bee-keepers  will 
hold  their  annual  convention  at  the 
National  Hotel,  in  Topeka,  Dec.  27th 
and  28th.  Subjects  of  interest  to  bee- 
keepers will  come  up,  and  all  are 
invited  to  attend. 

A  Special  Feature  af  the  Review  for 
the  coming  year  will  be  accounts  of  my 
own  work  with  the  bees — just  as  I  tell, 
in  this  issue,  for  instance,  how  I  make 
brood  frames.  Last  year  my  time  and 
energies  were  largely  devoted  to  find- 
ing locations,  moving  bees,  fixing  up 
and  building  up  honey  houses,  cellars, 
etc.;  now  things  are  all  nicely  settled, 
and  I  can  turn  my  whole  attention  to 
actual  work  in  the  apiary;  and  all  my 
mistakes  and  successes  shall  be  faith- 
fully reported. 

E.  D.  Townsend,  of  Remus,  owns  the 
most  bees  of  any  man  in  Michigan,  and 
I  believe  that  he  is  making  the  most 
clear  money  of  any  bee-keeper  in  the 
State.  He  has  a  system  of  his  own 
that  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  man- 
agement of  bees  in  large  numbers.  He 
has  written  more  or  less  of  this  sj'stem, 
perhaps  as  much  for  the  Review  as  for 
any  journal,  but  his  writings  have 
been  broken  and  fragmentary — a 
glimpse  here  and  there,  published  in 
this  journal  and  that,  but  now  he  is 
going  to  write  for  the  Review  in  a  con- 
secutive manner — just  as  though  he 
were  writing  a  book,  beginning  at  the 
beginning,  and  going  on  and  on  until 
he  has  told  the  whole  storj'.  His 
opening  article  appears  in  this  issue. 

Of  course,  there  will  be  more  or  less 
of  a  repetition  of  some  things  that  he 
has  already  written,  it  can't  be  other- 
wise, but,  considering  the  advantages 
of  having  his  methods  described  con- 
secutivel}',  from  beginning  to  end,  I 
feel  that  even  the  older  readers  will  hail 
them  with  delight,  and  read  them  with 
profit,  while  to  new  readers  about  to 
engage  in  extensive  bee-keeping,  they 
will  come  as  a  Godsend. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


371 


Three  Men — Townsend,  Facey  and 
Atvvater,  who  are  to  be  regular  con- 
tributors to  the  Review  the  coming 
year,  all  keep  bees  to  the  entire  exclu- 
sion of  other  pursuits. 


»»li^«F»^U«U» 


Quilts  over  frames  are  something  I 
have  never  used.  The  tops  of  my 
frames  are  bee-space  below  the  top  of 
the  hive,  and  I  use  aflat  cover.  If  any 
one  thinks  I  ought  to  use  them,  I  wish 
he  would  write  me. 


k^*»ii^*»<«jr« 


Write  me  a  Letter  when  sending  in 
your  renewal.  Let  it  be  a  long,  chat- 
ty, visiting  letter.  Tell  me  how  you 
are  situated;  how  you  are  succeeding; 
where  you  have  failed;  and  what  are 
your  difficulties.  Give  me  a  glimpse 
of  yourself  and  your  surroundings.  I 
may  not  be  able  to  write  anything  in 
reply,  but  the  reading  of  such  letters 
helps  me  to  make  the  Review  better — 
brings  me  closer  to  my  readers  and 
their  needs. 


«^^  ^  ^^M^tfVjT^ 


The  Pennsylvania  State  Bee-Keepers' 
Association  will  hold  its  annual  meet- 
ing in  Harrisburg,  January  I7th  to 
19th,  1907,  in  the  Capitol  building.  On 
the  evening  of  the  I7th,  beginning  at 
7:30,  there  will  be  the  Annual  Address 
of  the  President,  illustrated  by  lantern 
slides;  report  of  the  Secretary,  amend- 
ment to  constitution,  and  election  of 
officers.  On  Friday  and  Saturday 
there  will  be  papers  by  practical  and 
scientific  bee-keepers  and  full  discus- 
sions. Among  the  speakers  will  be 
Dr.  E.  F.  Phillips,  of  Washington,  D. 
C.;N.  Y.  Inspector  of  Apiaries,  Chas. 
P.  Stewart;  E.  R.  Root,  of  Medina, 
().;  E.  L.  Pratt,  of  Swarthmore,  Pa., 
and  other  prominent  speakers. 

For  card  orders  and  excursion  rate 
of  one  and  one  third  fare,  write  to  the 
Secretary  or  President. 

H.  A.  Surface,  President, 
R.  L.  White,  Secretary, 

Harrrisburg,  Pa. 


Morley  Pettit,  of  Canada,  has  lost  his 
suit  on  appeal.  I  am  sorry  to  learn 
this,  as  I  believe  he  was  not  to  blame. 
Across  the  highway  from  his  apiary, 
a  man  drove  his  team  into  an  oat  field, 
and  then  turned  back  to  close  the  gate. 
When  he  reached  the  team  again  a 
crowd  of  bees  had  attacked  them,  and 
attacked  him  and  drove  him  away,  and 
finally  stung  the  team  to  death.  I  have 
always  believed  that  he  disturbed  a 
small  swarm  of  bees  that  were  cluster- 
ed in  the  oats.  The  jury  brought  in  a 
verdict  of  $400  damages;  and  the  Na- 
tional Association  helped  to  appeal 
the  case,  but  the  finding  of  the  lower 
court  was  sustained.  It  is  believed  by 
many  that  local  prejudice  against  the 
bees  and  their  non-resident  owner  had 
much  to  do  with  the  verdict. 


W»^^^U»>i^U» 


Extracting  Honey  in  a  Cellar. 

I  would  like  to  know  if  any  of  my 
subscribers  have  had  any  experience 
extracting  honey  in  a  cellar. 

At  one  of  our  Northern  apiaries,  the 
honey  house  is  quite  a  distance  from 
the  bees,  and  we  would  be  glad  to 
avoid  wheeling  the  combs  so  far  to  ex- 
tract, by  using  the  new  cellar  that  we 
have  just  built.  Is  there  any  objection 
to  such  use  ?  There  is  a  ventilator 
nearly  two  feet  square  in  the  top  of 
the  cellar,  and  the  door  is  nearlj'^  four 
feet  wide,  by  six  in  height.  The 
wooden  door  could  be  removed  and  a 
screen  substituted.  The  query  in  my 
mind  is,  wouldn't  the  cellar  be  too  cool 
a  place  in  which  to  work  in  the 
summer  ?  If  a  man  should  work  out 
in  the  hot  sun,  and  then  come  in  and 
extract,  wouldn't  the  great  change  in 
temperature  be  injurious  ?  But  sup- 
pose one  man  works  in  the  cellar  all 
of  the  time,  and  the  other  in  the  hot 
sun,  how  would  that  be  ?  Who  can 
advise  us,  from  actual  experience  ? 

Is  there  any  other  difficult}'  about 
using  a  cellar  for  this  purpose  ? 


372 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Caucasian  Bees  receive  some  words 
c  f  commendation,  through  the  American 
Bee  Journal,  from  the  pen  of  J.  J. 
Wilder  of  Georgia.  Among  other  things, 
he  says  they  are  gentle  and  excellent 
workers,  in  fact  the  best  workers  he 
has.  They  are  great  gatherers  of  both 
propolis  and  pollen,  good  home  defend- 
ers, great  cell  builders,  and  not  much 
given  to  robbing.  Crossed  with  the 
Italians  their  temper  is  spirited — with 
the  blacks  it  remains  about  the  same. 
It  is  difficult  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  blacks. 


'mf^'^'-M**'^^ 


The  Rural  Bee-Keeper  has  "quit," 
and  turned  over  to  the  American  Bee- 
Keeper  its  unexpired  subscriptions. 
The  Rural  was  one  of  the  neatest  and 
best  of  the  lately  started  journals. 
Many  new  journals  "fall  down"  typo- 
graphically, but  the  Rural,  in  this 
respect,  was  the  equal  of  any  bee 
journal,  while  much  of  its  contents 
were  pretty  fair,  but  it  cost  more 
money  than  it  brought  in. 

The  plain  fact  is  that  the  field  of 
apicultural  journalism  is  now  pretty 
well  covered,  and  a  new  journal,  to 
succeed,  should  need  to  be  different Uom 
the  others,  have  an  editor  of  most  de- 
cided ability,  and  "barrels"  of  money. 
It  is  true  I  started  the  Review  20  years 
ago,  with  neither  the  money  nor  the 
experience,  and  made  a  success  of  it, 
but  there  were  a  number  of  peculiar 
factors  in  the  case  that  I  won't  take 
space  to  discuss;  I'll  say  this,  however, 
if  I  should  sell  the  Review  now  for 
$5,000,  I  would  not,  with  that  amount 
of  capital,  and  my  20  years  of  experi- 
ence, think  of  such  a  thing  as  starting 
another  journal.  Don't  think  that  I 
am  not  making  any  money  publishing 
the  Review.  I  am;  but  the  same 
amount  of  money,  time  and  energy, 
put  into  straight  honey  production, 
would  bring  a  much  larger  profit. 
Why  do  I  keep  on  publishing  the 
Review  ?     Because   my  heart  is  bound 


up  in  the  work.  I  love  it.  Another 
thing  :  It  is  becoming  more  and  more 
profitable  as  the  years  roll  by,  bring- 
ing a  larger  subscription  list.  But 
making  a  success  of  a  journal  already 
on  a  paj'ing  basis,  and  starting  a  new 
journal  aad  making  of  it  a  financial 
success,  are  two  different  proposi- 
tions. 


it»'ii»1iFu»<«jr^ 


A  Hive  Cover  is  a  very  important  part 
of  a  bee-keeping  ontfit.  During  nearly' 
all  of  my  bee-keeping  years  I  have  used 
a  flat  cover — just  a  plain  board  with 
cleats  on  the  end  to  keep  it  from  warp- 
ing. I  know  of  no  better  cover,  and 
doubt  if  anybody  else  does.  Sometimes 
the  cleats  are  simply  nailed  on  the 
ends  of  the  board,  and  sometimes  there 
are  grooves  cut  in  the  cleats  into  which 
the  ends  of  the  board  can  be  slid  be- 
fore the  nailing  is  done.  Another  plan 
is  that  of  nailing  the  cleats  on  top  of 
the  cover,  flush  with  its  ends.  The 
only  disadvantage  of  the  latter  plan  is 
that  the  cover  can't  be  reversed. 
Sometimes  a  cover  warps  just  a  little 
bit,  turns  up  at  the  edges,  by  turning 
it  over  it  seems  to  fit  better,  and  may 
be  brought  back  straight.  Aside  from 
this,  the  advantages  are  with  the  plan 
of  putting  the  cleats  on  top  of  the  cover. 
First,  the  cover  can  be  made  a  trifle 
shorter — takes  less  lumber.  Then  it 
can  be  twisted  around  cornerwise,  to 
loosen  it  when  there  is  a  surplus  of 
burr  combs,  without  any  danger  of  the 
cleats  striking  the  hives,  as  is  some- 
the  case  with  cleats  nailed  on  the  ends 
of  the  cover — if  the  cover  is  not  long 
enough.  And  last,  but  not  least,  if  it 
is  desirable  to  cover,  or  protect,  the 
hive  in  the  spring  by  folding  around  it 
tarred  felt,  the  shorter  the  cover,  and 
the  flatter,  or  lower,  the  cleats,  the 
better  can  the  hive  be  enveloped  in  the 
paper,  and  the  less  material  will  be 
required.  So  far  as  keeping  the  cover 
from  warping  is  concerned,  either 
style  of  cleat  seems  equallj'  effective. 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


373 


Back  Numbers  of  the  Review  are 
wanted  bj'  Mr.  Arthur  C.  Miller,  Pro- 
vidence, R.  I.  Here  are  the  numbers 
wanted:  Vol.  1;  Vol.  14;  March.  1902, 
Aug-.  1894;  Feb.,  July,  Auff.,  Sept  , 
Oct.,  1895;  June,  1896;  May,  Auj^^., 
1897;  Aug^.  1899.  Anyone  having  any 
of  these  issues,  and  willing-  to  sell 
them,  will  please  write  to  Mr.  Miller. 

Then  Mr.  R.  B.  Ross,  Jr.,  412  Cor- 
istine  Building,  Montreal,  Canada, 
would  be  very  glad  of  an  opportunity 
to  bU3'  a  complete  volume  for  1904. 

A  Just  Retribution  has  come  upon  the 
company  that  advertised  Karo  Corn 
Syrup  as  "Letter  than  honey  for  less 
money."  The  burden  of  all  its  adver- 
tising was  that  of  comparing  its  pro- 
duct with  hone}'  to  the  disparagement 
of  the  latter.  It  was  decidedly  un- 
truthful— just  a  plain  out  and  out  lie, 
as  this  Corn  Syrup  was  simply  a  col- 
ored and  flavored  mixture  of  glucose 
and  corn  syrup;  no  better,  nor  so  good, 
as  a  low  grade  of  honey.  Common 
sense  ought  to  have  taught  these  people 
that  a  fooled  customer  would  not  buy 
again.  The  advertising  was  excellent, 
provided  it  was  true,  and  occupied 
generous  space  in  leading  periodicals, 
yet,  Printers'  Ink  says  that  it  was  one 
of  the  most  disastrous  campaigns  in 
the  history  of  advertising — as  it 
deserved  to  be. 

Raise  Better  Honey. 

The  average  bee-keeper  does  not 
produce  honey  that  is  good  enough; 
neither  does  he  grade  and  pack  it 
properly.  I  never  realized  this  so 
much  as  I  have  since  I  went  into  ex- 
tensive production  myself.  When  in 
Chicago  attending  the  Northwestern 
convention,  I  called  upon  Mr.  R.  A. 
Burnett,  and  he  laughed  heartily  as  he 
said  :  "At  last,  after  all  these  years, 
Hutchinson  you  have  learned  that  there 


is  really  such  a  thing  as  honey  of  a 
superior  quality.  Keep  on  preaching 
high  grade  honey  in  the  Review,  and 
you  will  do  a  world  of  good."  Right 
in  this  line  I  wish  to  make  a  short  ex- 
tract from  a  private  letter  written  by 
an  extensive  retailer  of  honey  in 
Pennsylvania.  As  I  am  giving  this 
extract  without  permission,  I  withold 
the  name.  Among  other  things  the 
writer  saj's  : — 

"There  is  plenty  of  honey  on  the 
market,  but  lots  of  it  not  fit  to  use. 
The  last  lot  of  comb  honey  that  I 
bought  is  candied,  and  so  poor  that  I 
am  bound  to  lose  on  it.     I  also  bought 

1,800   pounds  of of 

Michigan,  two  months  ago,  and  lost 
ten  per  cent,  on  it.  He  misrepresented 
it.  It  was  graded  very  low  and  lots  of 
culls  in  it.  I  also  got  a  shipment 
from  Colorado  that  will  hustle  me  fO 
make  good  on.  That  last  shipment 
from  your  neighbor  is  not  what  I  want. 
It  is  too  poor  and  not  graded  close 
enough.  I  tell  you  it  cuts  deep  to 
work  hard  and  then  lose  money  on  th^ 
work.  The  average  bee-keeper  don't 
know  how  to  raise  hone}',  nor  how  to 
prepare  it  for  the  market.  " 

However,  there  is  a  man  in  Michigan 
who  knows  how  to  raise  honey.  He 
charges  me  the  highest  price  for  it,  but 
he  puts  it  up  so  that  I  can  sell  it  fast, 
and  keep  selling  it.  The  only  fault 
with  him  is  that  he  does  not  produce 
enough  of  it.  I  had  his  entire  crop 
of  comb  honey  this  year,  but  it  was 
not  half  enough.  If  he  lives,  and  I 
live,  another  year,  I  want  all  the 
comb  honey  that  he  can  produce,  if  it 
is  15  tons." 

I'll  tell  this  much— the  man  whose 
honey  pleases  him  so  well  is  none  other 
than  our  friend  and  contributor,  E.  D. 
Townsend.  I  might  add  that  I  am 
alread}'  getting  letters  from  retail  deal- 
ers who  bought  honey  of  me  this  year, 
asking  that  they  be  given  an  oppor- 
tunity to  "bid"  on  my  next  year's 
crop  when  it  is  ready  for  the  market. 


374 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Locating  Apiaries  in    Northern   Micnigan. 

Since  locatinjj  apiaries  in  Northern 
Michigan  I  frequently  receive  a  request 
from  some  reader,  asking  if  I  can  point 
out  some  good,  unoccupied  location. 
I  can't  do  it.  Although  I  had  been 
about  considerably  in  Northern  Michi- 
gan before  deciding  to  locate  bees  there, 
I  was  considerably  at  sea,  as  to  where 
should  be  the  exact  spot.  I  felt  sure  1 
would  locate  in  Missaukee,  Kalkaska 
or  Antrim  counties,  rather  favoring 
Kalkaska,  yet  my  brother  and  myself 
spent  about  two  weeks  looking  about 
before  deciding  upon  locations  for  the 
three  yards;  and,  if  we  should  now 
decide  to  start  a  fourth  apiary  we  would 
have  to  start  out  and  hunt  a  location 
for  it.  The  difficulties  to  be  encoun- 
tered are  given  in  detail  in  the  Review 
for  last  May.  There  are  plenty  of 
good,  unoccupied  locations  in  the 
counties  I  have  mentioned,  there  isn't 
a  partical  of  doubt  of  that,  but  just  ex- 
actly where  I  don't  know. 

Another  thing,  the  desirability  of 
the  different  raspberry  locations  are 
constantly  changing — some  are  be- 
coming too  old — grown  up  with  under- 
brush, or  made  into  farms — and  others 
are  coming  on  from  the  new  choppings. 
A  man  must  have  an  eye  to  those  things 
when  he  locates — must  see  if  there  are 
new  pastures  coming  on,  nearby,  to 
take  the  place  of  the  old  ones  as  they 
"peter  out." 

If  you  wish  to  go  into  the  bee  busi- 
ness in  Northern  Michigan,  you  better 
come  and  look  over  the  region  for  your- 
5i?//", and  take  plenty  of  time.  Come  as 
soon  as  the  snow  is  off  and  before  the 
bushes  and  trees  have  put  forth  their 
leaves,  as  it  is  much  easier  to  distin- 
guish the  berry  briers  when  they  are 
bare  of  leaves;  their  reddish  brown 
color  showing  in  great  contrast  with 
the  gray  of  the  other  kinds  of  brush. 
When  all  are  in  their  coats  of  green, 
all  loojc  alike, 


The  Hershiser  Bottom  Boardr. 

I  have  a  good  friend  down  in  Buffalo, 
New  York,  who  has  invented  a  bottom 
board.  One  feature  of  it  is  that  it 
furnishes  space  below  the  hive  in 
winter.  This  I  know  to  be  a  good 
thing,  but  no  better  than  the  open  space 
furnished  by  tiering  up  the  hives  by 
means  of  blocks  between  them.  An- 
other feature  is  that  the  bees  are  con- 
fined to  the  box-like  space  below  the 
hive,  and  my  friend  thinks  this  is  an 
advantage — that  the  bees  that  leave  the 
hive  are  not  lost  on  the  floor,  and  that 
they  are  enabled  to  regain  the  cluster. 
On  this  point  Mr.  Morley  Pettit,  of 
Canada,  in  writing  the  American  Bee 
Journal,  says  : — 

We  find  it  not  practical  to  confine 
bees  to  the  hive  while  in  the  cellar. 
Weak  colonies  and  nuclei  tnay  be  con- 
fined without  serious  loss.  Though  I 
doubt  that.  But  where  strong  colonies 
are  so  confined  there  are  sure  to  be 
some  bees  that  fly  to  the  screen,  try  to 
get  out,  and  make  noise  enough  to 
arouse  the  whole  cellar.  This  is  no 
theory,  as  my  experience  proves. 

I  have  never  tried  confining  bees  to 
the  hives  in  winter,  either  indoors  or 
out.  and  doubt  its  advisabilty.  With 
such  an  ante-room  as  there  is  in  the 
Hershiser  bottom  board  it  may  do  no 
harm,  but  it  has  always  seemed  to  me  m 
that  the  bee  that  left  the  cluster  in  ■ 
winter  was  either  old  or  sick,  and 
would  not  remain  in  the  cluster  even  if 
it  were  returned  to  it  and  that  it  would 
soon  die  any  way,  and  might  just  as  well 
be  down  on  the  floor  as  boxed  up  in  an 
ante-room  of  the  hive. 

It  is  claimed  that  this  bottom  board 
is  an  advantage  when  carrying  out 
bees  in  the  spring — that  they  can't 
annoy  any  one  by  coming  out  of  the 
hive.  This  is  true,  but  it  is  an  easy 
matter  to  set  a  hive  on  a  regular  bot- 
tom board,  and  close  the  entrance, 
either  with  a  strip  of  wood  or  a  piece 
of  cloth.  The  Hershiser  bottom  bot- 
tom board  is  a  harmless  invention,  but 
I  think  it  costs  more  than  its  advan- 
tages wiU  W3-ri"apt  one  to  pay  ! 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


375 


The  Michigan  State  Convention. 
The  Michigan  State  bee-keepers  will 
hold  their  annual  convention  in  Big- 
Rapids,  Dec.  25th  and  2bth.  The  tirst 
session  will  be  on  the  evening-  of  the 
25th.  These  dates  were  chosen  be- 
cause we  could  secure  reduced  rates  on 
tha  railroad  at  that  time.  Mr.  Geo.  E. 
Hilton  has  been  sending  out  some  an- 
nouncements. One  has  come  to  me, 
and  it  covers  the  whole  ground  so  well, 
and  tells  you  wh3'  you  ought  to  come, 
that  I  copy  it  entire.  Mr.  Hilton 
says  : — 

M3'  Kind  Patron  and  Friend  :— I 
want  j'ou  to  take  this  as  a  special  and 
personal  invitation  to  attend  the  State 
Bee-Keepers'  Association,  to  be  held  at 
Big  Rapids,  Dec.  25  and  26.  Special 
low  rates  have  been  secured  at  the 
Northern  and  Western  Hotels  with 
headquarters  at  the  Northern,  where 
probably  the  first  meeting  in  the  even- 
ing of  the  25th  will  be  held.  After 
that  we  expect  the  attendance  will  be 
so  large  that  we  will  meet  in  their 
beautiful  Court  House,  which  has  been 
granted  us  free  of  charge  by  the  cit}'. 
You  can  get  special  Holiday  rates  on 
any  train  leaving  j^our  station  on  the 
25th,  but  don't  fail  to  start  that  day. 
And  if  you  will  drop  me  a  card  saying 
you  will  be  there,  I  will  see  that  j'ou 
have  a  good  room,  and  you  may 
signify'  who  if  anybody  you  would 
prefer  to  room  with,  as  we  shall  want 
to  do  lots  of  visiting  outside  the  con- 
vention, which  will  hold  all  day  and 
evening  of  the  26th.  A  good  program 
is  being  provided,  and  many  of  the 
most  prominent  bee-keepers  of  the 
State,  Canada  and  other  States  are 
expected.  There  will  be  one  public 
meeting,  in  which  Ernest  E.  Root,  of 
Medina,  Ohio,  will  give  an  exhibition 
of  handling  bees  in  a  wire  cage; — this 
to  the  novice  is  something  wonderful, 
just  put  your  foot  down  and  saj'  I  am 
goiug,  and  then  be  there.  Western 
and  Northern  Michigan  Bee-Keepers 
will  not  have  this  opportunit3'  again  in 
a  long  time,  and  I  invited  them  at 
Jackson  last  year  knowing  you  would 
want  to  come.  Now,  don't  disappoint 
me,  but  come  and  bring  your  friends, 
and  ask  your  local  newspapers  to  give 
optic*  of  the  poeeting. 


What  I  Wish  the  Review  to  Do   and  Be. 

You  know  that  I  wish  to  teach  you 
to  be  be  better  bee-keepers;  to  produce 
more  honey  with  less  labor,  and  sell  it 
at  a  higher  price;  bnt  through  all  of  its 
pages  I  hope  there  will  run  a  spirit  of 
enthusiasm,  encouragement,  sympathy 
and  friendship.  I  wish  it  to  scatter 
sunshine  where  ever  it  goes.  To  the 
man  bowed  down  with  sadness,  I  would 
have  it  come  like  the  arm  of  friendship 
laid  lovingly  over  the  shoulders;  to 
him  who  has  suffered  losses,  and  for 
whom  the  future  holds  little  hope, 
I  would  have  its  coming  be  like  the 
morning  sun,  driving  away  the  dark- 
ness, scattering  the  mists,  and  paint- 
ing the  hill  tops  with  a  rosy  glow;  to 
the  man  lacking  in  courage,  who  does 
not  dare  put  his  metal  to  the  touch, 
fearing  failure,  I  hope  that  the  read- 
ing of  the  Review  will  fill  him  with 
enthusiasm,  and  rouse  up  his  soul 
within  him  to  do  and  to  dare.  The 
man  who  is  hopeful,  courageous,  per- 
severing and  successful — with  this  man 
the  Review  would  clasp  hands  in  his 
happiness,  and  bid  him  Godspeed, 
that  others  seeing  his  achievements, 
ma3'  take  courage  and  do  likewise. 

Not  only  do  I  wish  the  Review  to 
point  out  the  best  course  for  the  bee- 
keeper to  follow,  but,  having  pointed 
the  way,  I  would  have  it  encourage, 
inspire  and  cheer  him  until  he  follows 
that  course. 

Still  further  :  I  wish  each  of  my 
readers  to  become  a  matt  in  the  truest 
and  highest  sense,  and  I  would  as 
gladly  help  him  in  this  direction  as  I 
would  to  help  him  to  become  the  best 
possible  bee-keeper. 

The  Review  has  no  room  for  bicker- 
ings, quarrels  nor  harshness;  in- 
stead, it  desires  to  draw  its  readers 
closer  and  closer  together  in  the  bonds 
of  friendship,  to  rouse  and  cheer  them, 
make  them  more  successful  bee-keep- 
ers, and  happier,  broader  and  better 
men. 


376 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


EXTRACTED  DEPARTMENT. 


HONEY    VINEGAR. 


Some  Complete  and  Specific  Instructions 
for  Its  Making. 


Honey  from  cappin>-s,  either  from 
washing  tliem  or  from  rendering-  them 
into  wax,  may  be  made  into  vinegar. 
Oflf-grades  of  honey  may  also  be  made 
into  vinegar  at  a  profit;  but  it  may  not 
be  generally  known  that  odd  bits  of 
honey  can  not  be  thrown  into  a  general 
receptacle,  at  intervals,  as  the  house- 
wife puts  odds  and  ends  into  the  rag 
bag.  In  the  making  of  vinegar  there 
are  two  processes  of  fermentation; 
first  the  alcoholic  then  the  acetic.  The 
putting  of  sweet  into  a  solution  that 
has  pissed  the  alcoholic  fermentation 
upsets  the  whole  business.  But  let  me 
quote  a  most  excellent  article  on  this 
subject,  from  the  pen  of  Jas.  A.  Green, 
and  published  in  Gleanings.  Mr. 
Green  says: 

I  believe  that  a  great  many  bee-keep- 
ers might  very  profitably  engage  in 
the  manufacture  of  honey  vinegar,  at 
least  to  the  extent  of  working  up  their 
waste  and  oft-grades  of  honey.  I 
know  that  many  have  tried  it  without 
satisfactory  results,  and  have  given  it 
up  in  disgust  in  consequence.  Indeed, 
it  is  not  so  long  since  I  made  a  failure 
myself  of  my  attempts  to  make  honey 
viuegar.  I  think  it  is  quite  possible 
that  a  knowledge  of  what  not  to  do  is 
of  quite  as  much  importance  to  many 
as  any  further  instruction  in  processes. 
If  you  have  decided  to  make  vinegar, 
the  first  step  is  to  get  something  to 
make  it  in.  Usually  the  best  and  most 
convenient  receptacle  for  this  purpose 
is  a  barrel,  and  here  is  where  the  first 
mistake  is  usually  made.  Nine  out  of 
ten  people  in  getting  a  barrel  to  make 
vinegar  in  will  select  an  old  vinegar 
barrel,  with  the  idea  that  something  is 
necessary  to  start  the  vinegar-making- 


process.  To  understand  why  this  is 
wrong  we  must  glance  briefly  at  the 
chemistry  of  vinegar-making. 

Ordinarily  the  process  of  vinegar- 
making  consists  of  two  distinct  steps. 
In  the  first,  sugar  in  some  form  is  by 
fermentation  changed  into  alcohol.  In 
the  second,  this  alcofiol  is  by  a  some- 
what similar  fermentation  changed  in- 
to acetic  acid.  The  alcoholic  fermenta- 
tion must  always  precede  the  acetic, 
and  should  be  allowed  to  become  com- 
plete before  the  acetic  fermentation  be- 
gins. They  may  be  carried  on  to- 
gether, but  it  is  usually  at  the  expense 
of  both  time  and  quality,  as  the  pres- 
ence of  acetic  acid  in  even  a  small 
quantity  greatly  retards  the  alcoholic 
fermentation,  and  sometimes  a  degen- 
erative fermentation  sets  in  and  spoils 
the  entire  product. 

Accordingly,  your  barrel  should  be 
one  that  has  never  contained  vinegar. 
A  whisky  or  wine  barrel  is  good  If 
it  is  necessary  to  use  a  vinegar  barrel 
it  should  be  scalded  out  very  thorough- 
ly before  it  is  used.  For  a  small  quan- 
tity of  vinegar  a  jug  or  jar  is  all  right. 

Next  comes  the  question  of  the  proper 
strength  of  the  mixture  to  be  made  into 
vinegar.  While  this  may  vary  consid- 
erably I  think  the  best  results  will  be 
obtained  when  there  is  not  less  than  a 
pound  and  a  quarter  or  more  than  a 
pound  and  a  half  to  the  gallonof  water. 
If  you  have  the  honey  in  bulk,  simply 
measure  your  water  and  add  the  pro- 
per amount  of  honey  or  vice  versa. 
Usually,  though,  the  bee-keeper  will 
want  to  use  the  rinsings  of  cans  or  the 
honey  soaked  from  cappings,  etc.,  and 
for  this  some  means  of  testing  the 
strength  of  the  solution  must  be  used. 
A  hydrometer  is  best  and  most  conven- 
ient for  this.  One  made  for  the  pur- 
pose can  be  bought  for  about  fifty  cents. 
A  photographic  hydrometer  can  be  had 
for  half  this.  Any  hydrometer  will  do, 
but  you  may  need  to  test  it  by  a  solu- 
tion of  known  strength,  as  they  are 
graduated  differently  for  different  pur- 
poses. Mine  was  made  for  testing  sil- 
ver solutions,  and  on  it  a  pound  of 
honey  to  the  gallon  registers  20  degrees 
on  the  scale;  and  a  pound  and  a  half, 
which  is  the  strength  I  prefer,    30  de- 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


377 


grees,  which  makes  it  easy  to  judge  of 
the  amount  of  honey  or  water  that  must 
be  added  to  make  the  solution  the  right 
strength.  You  can  make  a  hydrometer 
of  a  homeopathic  vial,  or  any  tall  bot- 
tle, corked  and  weighted  so  that  it  will 
stand  upright  in  the  solution.  Mark 
with  a  file  where  it  stands  in  a  solution 
of  known  strength.  Or  make  a  ball  of 
beeswax  with  a  small  piece  of  lead 
imbedded,  so  that  it  will  just  float  in  a 
solution  of  the  right  strength.  Or  you 
can  use  a  fresh  egg,  which  should  float 
or  show  a  spot  not  larger  than  a  dime 
above  the  surface.  I  have  always  used 
rain  water,  and  this  is  usually  recom- 
mended. 

Put  your  barrel  in  a  place  where  a 
temperature  of  as  near  80  degrees  pos- 
sible will  be  maintained.  If  the  place 
is  too  hot,  alcohol  is  wasted;  but  if  too 
cool,  fermentation  is  retarded. 

Never  add  fresh  solution  to  vinegar 
partly  made.  I  think  this  is  a  very 
common  cause  of  poor  success.  If  you 
want  to  make  additions  to  your  vinegar 
stock,  keep  them  by  themselves  until 
they  have  passed  through  the  alcoholic 
fermentation. 

For  the  alcoholic  fermentation  a  bar- 
rel with  one  head  out  is  best;  if  a  clos- 
ed barrel  is  used,  there  should  be  a 
hole  in  each  end,  and  the  barrel  should 
not  be  quite  full.  All  openings,  of 
course,  must  be  covered  with  cheese- 
cloth or  very  fine  screen,  to  keep  out 
insects,  and  yet  admit  as  much  air  as 
possible.  If  fermentation  does  not  be- 
gin promptly,  add  about  a  quarter  of 
a  cake  of  yeast,  softened  in  warm  wa- 
ter, to  a  barrel  of  stock.  When  the  al- 
cohol fermentation  is  finished,  which 
should  be  in  from  two  to  six  weeks,  you 
can  use  your  old  vinegar-barrel  to 
good  advantage.  Or  it  will  be  well  to 
add  a  few  gallons  of  good  vinegar,  con- 
taining a  little  mother  if  you  have  it. 
Usually  this  is  not  necessary,  but  it 
hastens  matters  and  insures  good  re- 
sults. Give  it  plenty  of  air,  keep  it  as 
nearly  as  possible  at  the  right  temper- 
ature, and  you  should  have  good  vine- 
gar inside  of  a  j'ear.  When  the  vinegar 
is  strong  enough,  pour  it  off  from  the 
mother  and  bung  it  up  tightly,  other- 
wise a  degenerative  fermentation  may 
set  in  that  will  spoil  the  vinegar  en- 
tirely. 

I  have  just  received  from  the  Arizona 
experiment  station  a  bulletin  on  the 
subject  of  honey  vinegar,  in  which 
some  ideas  that  are  new  to  me  are  ad- 
vocated.    The  writer.  Prof.  A.  E.  Vin- 


son, considers  hard  water  preferable 
to  soft,  if  not  too  salty.  He  likewise 
thinks  that  fermentation  is  greatly  aid- 
ed and  hastened  by  the  addition  of 
small  amounts  of  ammonium  chloride 
and  potassium  phosphate.  In  place  of 
the  latter,  which  is  rather  hard  to  pro- 
cure, as  well  as  somewhat  expensive, 
we  may  use  sodium  phosphate  and 
potassium  sulphate.  As  the  latter  is 
likewise  sometimes  hard  to  get,  we  may 
use  potassium  bicarbonate  in  its  place 
with  nearly  asgood  results.  Theform- 
ula  he  recommends  is  as  follows: 
Honey,  40  to  45  lbs;  water,  30  gals. ; 
ammonium  chloride,  4  oz. ;  potassium 
bicarbonate,  2  oz. ;  sodium  phosphate, 
2  oz. ;  yeast,  %  cake. 


BROOD  DISEASES  OE  BEES. 


Something   from   a  Reliable  Source. 


It  is  doubtful  if  one  man,  in  the  same 
length  of  time,  has  ever  rendered  bee- 
keeping better  services  than  has  Dr. 
E.  F.  Phillips,  since  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  Bureau  of  Entomology 
at  Washington.  He  has  thrown  his 
whole  soul  into  the  investigation  of 
brood  diseases  of  bees.  He  has  not 
been  contented  to  sit  in  his  office  and 
tell  of  what  others  have  done,  but  he 
has  been  out  in  the  field  investigating 
all  over  the  country  from  ocean  to 
ocean,  and  the  result  is  a  Bulletin  or 
circular  (No.  79)  which  I  consider  of 
sufficient  value  to  copy  entire.  It  reads 
as  follows  : 

In  view  of  the  widespread  distribu- 
tion of  infectious  brood  diseases  among 
bees  in  the  United  States,  it  is  desir- 
able that  all  bee-keepers  learn  to  dis- 
tinguish the  diseases  when  they 
appear.  It  frequently  happens  that 
an  apiary  becomes  badl3'  infected  be- 
fore the  owner  realizes  that  any  disease 
is  present,  or  it  may  be  that  any  dead 
brood  which  may  be  noticed  in  the 
hives  is  attribu'ed  to  chilling.  In  this 
way  disease  gets  a  start  which  makes 
eradication  ditficult. 

There  are  two  recognized  forms  of 
disease  of  the  brood,  designated  as 
European  and  American  foul  brood, 
which  are  particularly  virulent.  In 
some  ways  these  resemble  each  other, 


378 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


but  there  are  certain  distine^uishing- 
characters  which  make  it  possible  to 
differentiate  the  two.  Reports  are 
sometimes  received  that  a  colony  is 
infected  with  both  diseases  at  the  same 
time,  but  this  is  contrary  to  the  experi- 
ence of  those  persons  most  conversant 
with  these  conditions.  While  it  may 
be  possible  for  a  colony  to  have  the  in- 
fection of  both  diseases  at  the  same 
time,  it  is  not  by  any  means  the  rule, 
and  such  cases  are  not  authentically 
reported.  Since  both  diseases  are 
caused  by  specific  bacilli,  there  is 
absolutely  no  g'round  for  the  idea  held 
by  some  bee  keepers  that  chilled  or 
starved  brood  will  turn  to  one  or  the 
other  of  these  diseases.  Experience  of 
the  best  practical  observers  is  also  in 
keeping  with  this.  For  a  discussion  of 
the  causes  of  these  diseases  the 
reader  is  referred  to  Technical  Series, 
No.  14,  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
"The  Bacteria  of  the  Apiary,  with 
Special  Reference  to  Bee  Diseases." 
by  Dr.  G.  F.  While. 

AMERICAN    FOUL    BROOD. 

American  foul  brood  (often  called 
simply,  "foul  brood")  is  distributed 
through  all  parts  of  the  United  States, 
and  from  the  symptoms  published  in 
European  journals  and  texts  one  is  led 
to  believe  that  it  is  also  the  prevalent 
brood  disease  in  Europe.  Although  it 
is  found  in  almost  all  sections  of  the 
United  States,  there  are  many  locali- 
ties entirely  free  from  disease  of  any 
kind. 

The  adult  bees  of  an  infected  colony 
are  usually  rather  inactive  and  do  little 
toward  cleaning  out  infected  material. 
When  the  larvae  are  first  affected  they 
turn  to  a  light  chocolate  color,  and  in 
the  advanced  stages  of  decay  they  be- 
come darker,  resembling  roasted 
coffee  in  color.  Usually  the  larvae  are 
attacked  at  about  the  time  of  capping, 
and  most  of  the  cells  containing  in- 
fected larvae  are  capped.  As  decay 
proceeds  these  cappings  become  sunken 
and  perforated,  and,  as  the  healthy 
brood  emerges,  the  comb  shows  the 
scattered  cells  containing  larvae  which 
have  died  of  disease,  still  capped. 
The  most  noticeable  characteristic  of 
this  infection  is  the  fact  that  when  a 
small  stick  is  inserted  in  a  larva  which 
has  died  of  the  disease,  and  slowly 
renioved,  the  broken  down  tissues 
adhere  to  it  and  will  often  stretch  out 
for  several  inches  before  breaking. 
When  the  larva  dries  it  forms  a  tightly 


adhering  scale  of  very  dark  brown 
color,  which  can  best  be  observed  when 
the  comb  is  held  so  that  a  bright  light 
strikes  the  lower  side  wall.  Decaying 
larvae  which  have  died  of  this  disease 
have  a  very  characteristic  odor  which 
resembles  a  poor  quality  of  glue.  This 
disease  seldom  attacks  drone  or  queen 
larvae.  It  appears  to  be  much  more 
virulent  in  the  western  part  of  the 
United  States  than  in  the  East. 

EUROPEAN    FOUL  BROOD. 

European  foul  brood  (often  called 
"black  brood")  is  not  nearly  as  wide- 
spread in  the  United  States  as  is 
American  foul  brood,  but  in  certain 
parts  of  the  country  it  has  caused 
enormous  losses.  It  is  steadily  on 
the  increase  and  is  constantly  being  re- 
ported from  new  localities.  It  is 
therefore  desirable  that  bee-keepers  be 
on  the  watch  for  it. 

Adult  bees  in  infected  colonies  are 
not  very  active,  but  do  succeed  in 
cleaning  out  some  of  the  dried  scales. 
This  disease  attacks  larvae  earlier 
than  does  American  foul  brood,  and  a 
comparatively  small  percentage  of  the 
diseased  brood  is  ever  capped.  The 
diseased  larvae  which  are  capped  over 
have  sunken  and  perforated  cappings. 
The  larvae  when  first  attacked  show  a 
small  yellow  spot  on  the  body  near  the 
head  and  move  uneasily  in  the  cell. 
When  death  occurs  they  turn  yellow, 
then  brown,  and  finally  almost  black. 
Decaying  larvae  which  have  died  of 
this  disease  do  not  usually  stretch  out 
in  a  long  thread  when  a  small  stick  is 
inserted  and  slowly  removed.  Occa- 
sionally there  is  a  very  slight  "ropi- 
ness, "  but  this  is  never  very  marked. 
The  thoroughly  dried  larvae  form 
irregular  scales  which  are  not  strongly 
adherent  to  the  lower  side  wall  of  the 
cell.  There  is  very  little  odor  from 
decaying  larvae  which  have  died  from 
this  disease,  and  when  an  odor  is 
noticeable  it  is  not  the  "g-hie-pot"  odor 
of  the  American  foul  brood,  but  more 
nearly  resembles  that  of  soured  dead 
brood.  This  disease  attacks  drone 
and  queen  larvae  very  soon  after  the 
colony  is  infected.  It  is  as  a  rule 
much  more  infectious  than  American 
foul  brood  and  spreads  more  rapidly. 
On  the  other  hand,  it  sometimes 
happens  that  the  disease  will  dis- 
appear of  its  own  accord,  a  thing 
which  the  author  never  knew  to  occur 
in  a  genuine  case  of  American  foul 
brood.     European   foul    brood   is  most 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


389 


destructive  durin<j  the  spring'  and 
early  summer,  often  almost  disappear- 
ing in  late  summer  and  auamin. 

The  treatment  for  both  American 
foul  brood  and  European  foul  brood  is 
practically  the  same.  It  is  impossible 
to  give  minute  directions  to  cover  every 
case,  but  care  and  common  sense  will 
enable  anj'  bee-keeper  successfully  to 
fight  diseases  of  brood. 

Drugs  Drugs,  either  to  be  given 
directl}'  in  food  or  to  be  used  for  fumi- 
gating^  combs,  can  not  be  recommended 
for  either  of  these  diseases. 

Shaking  Tkkatmknt — To  cure  a 
colony  of  either  form  of  foul  brood  it  is 
necessarj'  first  to  remove  from  the  hive 
all  of  the  infected  material.  This  is 
done  by  shaking  the  bees  into  a  clean 
hive  or  clean  frames  with  small  strips 
of  comb  foundation,  care  being  taken 
that  infected  honey  does  not  drop  from 
the  infected  combs.  The  healthy  brood 
in  the  infected  combs  may  be  saved, 
provided  there  is  enough  to  make  it 
profitable,  by  piling  up  combs  from 
several  infected  hives  on  one  of  the 
weakest  of  diseased  colonies  After  a 
week  or  ten  days  all  the  brood  which 
is  worth  saving  will  have  hatched  out, 
at  which  time  all  these  combs  should 
be  removed  and  the  colony  treated.  In 
the  case  of  box  hives  or  skeps  the  bees 
maj'  be  drummed  out  into  another  box 
or  preferably  into  a  hive  with  movable 
frames.  Box  hives  are  hard  to  inspect 
for  disease  and  are  a  menace  to  all 
other  bees  in  the  neighborhood  in  a 
region  where  disease  is  present. 

The  shaking  of  the  bees  from  combs 
should  be  done  at  a  time  when  the 
other  bees  in  the  apiary  will  not  rob 
and  thus  spread  disease,  or  under 
cover.  This  can  be  done  safely  in  the 
evening  after  bees  have  ceased  to  fly, 
preferably  during  a  good  honey  flow. 
Good  care  should  be  exercised  to  keep 
all  infected  material  away  from  other 
bees  until  it  can  be  completely  de- 
stroyed or  the  combs  rendered  into 
wax.  Wax  from  diseased  colonies 
should  be  rendered  by  some  means  in 
which  high  heating  is  used,  and  not 
with  a  solar  wax  extractor.  The 
honey  from  a  diseased  colony  should 
be  diluted  to  prevent  burning  and  then 
thoroughly  sterilized  by  hard  boiling 
for  at  least  half  an  hour,  if  it  is  to  be 
fed  back  to  the  bees.  If  the  hive 
is  again  used,  it  should  be  very 
thoroughly  cleaned,  and  special  care 
should  betaken  that  no  infected  honey 
or  comb  be  left  in  the  hive. 


It  is  frequently  necessary  to  repeat 
the  treatment  by  shaking  the  bees  onto 
fresh  foundation  in  new  frames  after 
four  or  five  days.  The  bee-keeper  or 
inspector  must  determine  whether  this 
is  necessary,  but  when  there  is  any 
doubt  it  is  safer  to  repeat  the  ojiera- 
tion  rather  than  run  the  risk  of  rein- 
fection. If  repeated,  the  first  new 
combs  should  be  destroyed.  To  pre- 
vent the  bees  from  deserting  the  strips 
of  foundation  the  queen  may  be  caged 
in  the  hive  or  a  queen-excluding  zinc 
put  at  the  entrance. 

Treatment  WITH  Bek-P:scapk  The 
shaking-  treatment  may  be  modified  so 
that  instead  of  shaking  the  bees  from 
the  combs  the  hive  is  moved  from  its 
stand,  and  in  its  place  a  clean  hive 
with  frames  and  foundation  is  set. 
The  queen  is  at  once  transferred  to  the 
new  hive,  and  the  field  bees  fly  there 
when  they  next  return  from  the  field. 
The  infected  hive  is  then  placed  on  top 
of  or  close  beside  the  clean  hive  and  a 
bee-escape  placed  over  the  entrance  of 
the  hive  containing  disease  so  that  the 
younger  bees  and  those  wich  later 
emerge  from  the  cells  may  leave  the 
hive  but  cannot  return.  They  there- 
fore join  the  colony  in  the  new  hive. 

Fall  Treatment  If  it  is  desirable 
to  treat  a  colony  so  late  in  the  fall 
that  it  would  be  impossible  for  the  bees 
to  prepare  for  winter,  the  treatment 
may  be  modified  by  shaking-  the  bees 
onto  combs  with  plenty  of  honey  for 
winter.  This  will  be  satisfactory  only 
after  brood  rearing-  has  entirely  ceased. 
In  such  cases  disease  rarely  re- 
appears. 

In  the  Western  States,  where  Ameri- 
can foul  brood  is  particularl}-  virulent, 
it  is  desirable  thoroughl3'  to  disinfect 
the  hive  by  burning  the  inside  or  by 
chemical  means  before  using  it  again. 
This  is  not  always  practiced  in  the 
Eastern  States,  where  the  disease  is 
much  milder.  Some  persons  recom- 
mend boiling  the  hives  or  disinfecting 
them  with  some  relialile  disinfectant 
such  as  carbolic  acid  or  corrosive  sub- 
limate. It  is  usually  not  profitable  to 
save  frames  because  of  their  compara- 
tively small  value,  but  if  desired  the^- 
may  be  disinfected.  Great  care  should 
be  exercised  in  cleaning-  an3-  appa- 
ratus. It  does  not  pay  to  treat  very 
weak  colonies.  They  should  either  be 
destroyed  at  once  or  several  weak  ones 
be  united  to  make  one  which  is  strong- 
enough  to  build  up. 

Recently    some   new     "cures"    have 


580 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIE-W 


been  advocated  in  the  bee  journals, 
particularly  for  European  foul  brood, 
with  a  view  to  saving-  combs  from  in- 
fected colonies.  The  cautious  bee- 
keeper will  hardly  experiment  with 
such  methods,  especially  when  the 
disease  is  just  starting  in  his  locality 
or  apiary,  but  will  eradicate  the  dis- 
ease at  once  by  means  already  well 
tried. 

In  all  cases  great  care  should  be  ex- 
ercised that  the  bee-keeper  ma}'  not 
himself  spread  the  infection  by  hand- 
ling healthy  colonies  before  thoroughly 
disinfecting  his  hands,  hive  tools,  and 
even  smoker.  Since  it  takes  but  a 
ver}'  small  amount  of  infected  material 
to  start  disease  in  a  previousl}'  health}^ 
colony,  it  is  evident  that  too  much  care 
cannot  be  taken.  In  no  case  should 
honey  from  unknown  sources  be  used 
for  feeding  bees.  Care  should  also  be 
exercised  in  buying  queens,  since  dis- 
ease is  often  transmitted  in  the  candy 
used  in  shipping  cases.  Combs  should 
not  be  moved  from  hive  to  hive  in 
infected  apiaries. 

"pickled  brood." 

There  is  a  diseased  condition  of  the 
brood  called  by  bee-keepers  "pickled 
brood,"  but  practically  n>Ahing  is 
known  of  its  cause.  It  is  characterized 
by  a  swollen  watery  appearance  of  the 
larva,  usuall}'  accompanied  by  black 
color  of  the  head.  The  larvae  usually 
lie  on  their  backs  in  the  cell,  and  the 
head  points  upward.  The  color 
gradually  changes  from  light  to  brown 
after  the  larva  dies.  There  is  no  ropi- 
ness,  and  the  only  odor  is  that  of    sour 


decaying  matter,  not  at  all  like  that  of 
American  foul  brood.  In  case  the 
larvae  are  capped  over,  the  cappings 
do  not  become  dark,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  contagious  diseases,  but  they  may 
be  punctured.  So  far  no  cause  can  be 
given  for  this  disease,  and  whether  or 
not  it  is  contagious  is  a  disputed  point. 
Usually  no  treatment  is  necessary  be- 
yond feeding  during  a  dearth  of  honey, 
but  in  very  rare  cases  when  the  majority 
of  larvae  in  a  comb  are  dead  from 
this  cause  the  frame  should  be 
removed  and  a  clean  comb  put  in  its 
place  to  make  it  unnecessary  for  the 
bees  to  clean  out  so  much  dead  brood. 

CHILLED,   OVER    HEATED,   AND   STARVED 
BROOD. 

Many  different  external  factors  may 
cause  brood  to  die.  Such  dead  brood 
is  frequently  mistaken,  by  persons  un- 
familiar with  the  brood  diseases,  for 
one  or  the  other  of  them.  Careful  ex- 
amination will  soon  determine  whether 
dead  brood  is  the  result  of  disease  or 
merely  some  outside  change.  If  brood 
dies  from  chilling  or  some  other 
such  cause,  it  is  usually  soon  carried 
out  by  the  workers  and  the  trouble  dis- 
appears. No  treatment  is  necessary. 
Brood  which  dies  from  external  causes 
often  produces  a  strong  odor  in  the 
colony,  but  wholly  unlike  that  of 
American  foul  brood,  merely  that  of 
decaying  matter.  The  color  of  such 
brood  varies,  but  the  characteristic 
colors  of  the  infectious  diseases  are 
usually  absent,  the  ordinary  color  of 
dead  brood  being  more  nearl.v  gray. 


General  Index  to  Volume  XIX. 


INDEX   TO    SUBJECTS. 


A<  klin.  Death  of  J.  C 179 

Advanced  Bee  Veil 180 

Advanced  Bee  Culture 14 

Ad vertisingr  Honey  at  Fairs 21,S 

Adulteration  Stories 54 

Alexander  Method  of  Treating^  Foul  Brood...   212 

Aspinwall  Hive 88 

Automatic  Cover  for  Wheelbarrows 305 

Black  Brood  and  Foul  Brood 239 

Black   Brood 217,  239 

Breeding^  of  Bees,  Some  Considerations  on  the . .    145 

Burying  Bees 310 

Cau  jasians 238,  312 

Candy.  Dantrer  in  Queen  Cagre 218 


Candying-  in  the  Comb,  Honey 115 

Cement.   Mortar  and  Concrete 242 

Cellars,  Building  Cheap 309 

Cellar,  How  Shall  we  Build  a  Cheap 239 

Cement  Hive  Stands 205,  2li 

Cellar-Wintering  m  Warm  Climates 213 

Changeableness  of  Honey  Resources 180 

Chicago  Convention 17 

Cleaning  Honey  Boards 305 

Cleaning  up  E.xtracting  Combs 281 

Clamps,  vv  intering  Hees  in 340 

Cleats  on  Hive  Covers 211 

Co-Operation  in  New  York 278 

Combs,  Cleaning  up  Extracting 218 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


381 


Covers,  Cleats  on  Hive 211 

Combs  Cleaned  up  after  Extracting,  Get tinK:. .  2X0 
Controlling  Increase  When  the  Harvest  Conies 

Early 16.S,  176 

Controllinir  increase 176 

Conveniences  in  the  Production  of  Extracted 

Honey 263 

Co-Operation iS7 

Contiollins-  the  Increase  of  1,000  Colonies 8 

Covers  Painted  two  Colors 211 

Cross   Bees 23,S 

Criiicisms  on  March  Review 202 

Crop  be  I'ublished,  Lot  the  Truth  Concerning 

the 213 

Cuba,  Annexation  of 304 

Dampening  Smoker  Fuel 151 

Danger  in  (Jueen  Cage  Candy 281 

Dadant  System  of  Honey  Production 307 

Dealers  and  Editors  Credit,  Give 309 

Difference  in  Stock 309,  314 

Different  Practices  (fathered  up  at  Bee  Con- 
ventions    149 

Divisible  Brrod  Chamber  Hives 80 

Doolittle's    Advii.e  to  Lazy  People 307 

"Drifting"  of  Bees  in  the  Spring 87 

Early    Cellaring  of  Bees  Des  rable 306 

Electrical  Alarm   to  tell  when  a  Vessel  is  full 

of  Honey 214 

Embedding    Them,    Using    WirtS    in    Brood 

Frames  Without 52 

Enthusiasm 86 

Enthusiasm,  Can  an  Old  Man  Retain? ISt 

E.xtracted  Honey  Production,  Short  Cuts  in   .     39 
Extracted    Honey,  Conv  niences    in   the   Pro- 
duction  of 263 

E.xtracting,  Arrangements  for 212 

Fastening  Foundation  into  Brood  Frames 86 

Fall  Honey  won't  go  into  the  Supers 308 

Fairs,  Selling  Honey  at 282 

Fairs,  Advertising  Honey  at 218 

Feeder  for  Five  Cents,  A 135 

Feeding,   Outdoor 246 

Feeding   Allows  us  to  Open   Hives  in   Safety, 

Open  air. 31i 

Fewer  Ber  s  and  Give  them  Better  Care  Keep . .   274 

Foretelling  and  Preventing  Swarming 10+ 

Foundation  into  Brood  Frames.   Fastening..  .     86 

Foul  Brood 239,  297.  3i6 

Foul  Brood  and  Black  Brood 239,  297 

Gleanings  a  Departmental  Paper 305 

Hive-Lifting  Device   304 

Hive  Stands  of  Cement 205.  212 

Hives,  Cheap.  Substantial,  Desirable /75 

Hives  and  their  Influence 204 

Hives,    Non  Swarming 71,     88 

Honey-Boards,  Cleaning 305 

Honey  Resources,  Changeableness  of 180 

Honey  Candying  in  the  Comb 115 

Honey  Producers'  League  turts  over  funds  211,  2*5 

Honey  House,  How  to  Build  a 87 

Horse  Power  for  Hive  Making,  Home  Made..       7 
Home-Made  Horse  Power  for  Hive  Making. . .       7 

Hoffman  Frames 114,  180,  248,  297 

Hunters' and  Tra  ipers' Magazine 114 

Improvement  of  Stock. 15 

Increase  of  1,000  Colonies,    Controlling  the.  .■ .       8 
Increase  can  be   Controlled  with  a  Knowledge 

of  Princit)Ies 45 

Increase,   How   to  Make  it  on  the  Alexander 

Plan 152 

Increase,  Swarming  and 183 

Inducing  Bees  to  give  up  Swarming 209 

Influence  of  Food  on  Young  Bees, Scientifically 

Considered 334 

Intensive  Bee  Keeping   versus  Extensive  Bee- 

Keeping 79 

Introrlucing  Queens 306 

Italian  B  es  the  Most  Peaceable 239 

Job,  I  like  my. 15^ 

Keep  Bees,  Queens  and  Sections  all  Together. .   107 

Lazy  Bees 305 

Long  Range   Bee-Keeping  fell  Behind,  one  In- 
stance in  which 213 

Loss  of  Brood,  Forming  Nuclei  with  no 103 

Lower  Prices  for  Supplies 21 


Localities    Differ 305 

Magnet  for  Picking  up  Nails   211 

Michigan  State  Bee-Keepers'  Convention. .  16,  239 
Mining  Stock,   The  FMitor  of  the  Review  dot-s 

not  Endorse .  .   .     52 

Mistakes  for  the  Keview  Editor  to  Avoid 49 

Mixinif  or  "Drifting"  of  Bees  in   the  Spring. ..     87 

Miller's   Wax  Extractor 12 

Moving  400  Coljnies  to  Northern  Michigan..  .   171 

National  Association  and  its  Managers 300 

Naturalness  in  Comb  Honey,  a  plea  for  more   .   33l 

Nominations  'or  National  Officers 277 

Non-Swarming  Hives 71,  88,  327 

Northern  Michigan,  First  Trip  to 137 

NucleuiSystem,  Twin  Baby       167 

Nucleui  wirh  Loss  of  Brood.  Forming 103 

Ohio  has  a  F'oul  Brood  Law 238 

Open-air  Feeding  Allows  us  to  Open  Hives  in 

Safety 311 

Orange  Blossom    Honey 238 

Out-Apiaries  and  their  Management 18,  109 

Outdoor  Feeding 245 

Ph>silogical  questions  that  are  much  debated  269 

Power  Driven  Extractor 305 

Propolis 336 

Progressive  Bee-KeePer  and  its  Editor  dead . .   180 

rrepaing  Bees  tor  Win  er 276 

Preparat  ons  for  the  Com  ng  Season 11 

Pure  Food  Law,  National 337 

Queen  Cells  Built  by  Maiming  the  Queen 212 

Queen  Breeders'   Cata'ogues 15 

Raspberry  Region  of  Northern  Michigan,  will 

have  400  Colonies  in  the 53 

Retail  d  by  one  Man,  f  0,000  pounds  of  Honey . .   299 

Retailing  Honey  on  R.  F.  D.  Routes 295 

Requeecing  Colonies 245,  305 

Review  Apiary  at  Flint 199 

Reaping    the    Honey    Harvest    in    Northern 

Michigan 231 

Ripened  Honey,  Th  iroughly 276 

Rubber  Bands  in  Tract  ferring 153 

San  Antonio  Convention 336 

Scales,  Have  a  Colony  on  the 216 

Selling  a  Crop  of  Honey 307 

Selling  Honey  at  a  Good  Price 312 

Selling  Honey 282,  307,  312,  384 

Selling  Honey  at  Fairs 282 

Select  Their   Home  in  Advance  of  ^warming, 

do  Bees 277 

Securing  Helo 180 

Shallow  Brood  Frames,  Some  Objections  to-  • .      77 

Shipfing  Honey  to  Strangers 279 

Shook  Swarming 181 

Size  of  Hi  ve  and  its  Effect  upon  Swarming. . . .  114 

Silent,  Why  the  Journals   are 278 

Smoker  Fuel,  Dampening 151 

Socialist  and  his  Bee  Hi  ve.  A 206 

Starters   when  Hiving    Swarms,   Qld    Combs 

Versus 2.^6 

Specialt.v  in  Bee-Keeping 16 

Strainer  for  E.Ktract  d    Honey 238 

Standard  for  Honey 308 

Strangers.  Shipping  Honey  to. 279 

Success  Comes  from    Doing  those  Things  that 

pay  best .   143 

Swarming,  Inducing  bees  to  give  up 209 

Swarming  and  Increase J83 

"^warming  Shook 181 

Swarming  and  its  Prevention 179 

Swarming,  Foretelling  and  Preventing 104 

Swarming  Energy    VVithout   Increase,  Utiliz- 
ing the 176 

Swarming,  Size  of  Hive  ard  its  effect  upon 114 

Tin  Rabbets  of  no  use 239 

Transfe  ring.  Rubber  Bands  in 153 

Twin  Baby  Nucleus  System   •     167 

Uncapr  ing  Knife   a  I^ong 303 

Uncapping  Honey 284 

Uniting  Bees 308 

Unripe  Honey 283 

Veil,    A  d  vanced  Ke 180 

Warming  a  Bee   Cellar 20 

Wax-Kendering,     Simple,    Easy    and    Philo- 
sophical       1 

Winter,  Some  Hints  on  Preparing  Bees  for 30, 

2 


382 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


Winter.  Pr-  paring  Ree^   for 276 

Wintering  B.^es  in  Clamrs 340 

Wintering  ^  ees     343 

Wires  in   Brord  Frames   Wiihout  Embedding 

Tli.-.ro,  Using 52 

Workers  for  the  HarviiSt,  Securing 24 

INDEX  TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

Ahlers.  H.  C  2'»Q 

Aikin  R.  C. 45 

Alexander,  F.  W 152.  3-IS 

Aspinwall,  L.  A 71.  327 

At«ater   E.  F 77    275.  2'J7 

Binghiam,  T.  F 30 ? 

Cathriglit,  W.   C 2S 

Cadr,  M-  P 19 

Chalmers,  D 200 

Chapman,  S.  D.  7<) 

Coverdale,  F 136 

Crane.  J.   E 168    236.  314 

naggit.  E     A 3,n 

Dayton,  C.  W 176    334 

Doolittle,  G.  M 2+.  51.  115,  218,  2-'5 

Ferris,  A.  K 1'.7 

Frey,  Mrs.  Wilbur  F 10'» 

France,   N.  E. .-43 

Getaz.  Adrian 260 

Gill.  M.  A 8,  107 

Greiner.  F 149,  202 

Green,  J.   A 346 

Holtermann.  R.  F 39,   116 

Hutchinson,  W.  Z • . .  -137,  171.  199,  271,  263 

Hutchin.son,  H.  L. 7 

Kirkpatrick,  Geo.  H 295 

Lathrop,  Harry 302 

Lhomm  dieu.  D  E 206 

McGregor  .Alpine T9,  28  ! 

Miller,  A.  C 12,  218,  300 

Morgan,  E.    A  183 

Olmstead.  C.  A 104 

Philli   s.  E   F 15.  145 

Putnam,  W    H 21 

Rorvt.  E.  K 217,  2'=6,  281    282,  313,  337 

Sni  h.  H.  A 11    206.  274 

Snell    F.  A 18 

Stafford.  L.  A 103 

Stanley  Grant 1-3 

Stachelhausen,    L 181 

Townsend,  E.   D ^9,  143    284    340 


WANTED,  to  buy.  for  cash,  fancy  comb  and  ex- 
tracted honey.  R.  A.  HOLEKAMP. 
4  J63  Virginia  Ave.,  f-t.  Ldiis   M 


WRITE  US 

If  you  have  any  honey  to  sell.  We  do  not  handle 
on  commission,  but  pay  cash  on  receipt  of 
honey. 

E.   R.  PAHL&CO., 
Broadway  and  Detroit  Sts.  Milwaukee. 


The   Best  Christmas    Present  for   a    Little 
Money. 

When  your  Christmas  present  is  a  year's  sub- 
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page  novels  or  books  of  history  or  travel  or  bi- 
ography ordinarily  costing  Si.so  a  volume.  Nor 
do  you  give  a  quantity  at  the  cost  of  quality.  P'or 
more  than  half  a  century  the  wisest,  most  re- 
nouned,  most  entertaining  of  writers  have  been 
contributors  to  The  Companion  You  need 
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CANADA    DISTRIBUTORS 

FOR 
Marshfield  Mfg  Co  ,  Wis  ,  Beeware.  Hives,  Sec- 
tions, Shipping  Cases  and  all  kinds  of  Bee  Sup- 
plies: no  better  mad<^.  We  have  been  selling 
Marshfield  Beeware  for  three  years,  and  using 
them  ourselves,  and  can  say  that  there  is  no  bet- 
ter made  We  have  the  best  shii  ping  center  in 
<  anada.  C.  P.  Ry  ,  M  C.  Ry.  and  G.  T.  Ky., 
three  express  comoanys — Dominion,  American 
and  Canadian.  Sample  of  sections  sent  free. 
Send  for  a  sample  before  you  buy.  We  can  save 
you  money  on  Beeware.  We  buy  in  carload  lots 
and  can  give  you  he  lowest  prices  on  No  i  Bee- 
ware.    Wax  wanted.  N.H.SMITH, 

L,ock  Box  A.  Tilbury,    Ont. 

Kent  Co.,  Canada. 

P.  S.  Eggs  from  imported  trio  of  Black  Min- 
orcas  costing  I78  00,  $2.00  for  15  Eggs;  also  two 
B.  P.  Rock  costing  $50.00,  Eggs  at  same  price. 
Warranted  to  hatch  well  and  safe  in  your   place. 


HONEY  WANTED 

I  Want  No.  i  white  and  amber  exti acted  honey 
in  6olb  cans  or  barrels.  Send  sample  and  quote 
lowest  cash  price,  delivered  in  Preston. 

1206  tf  M.  V.  FACEY, 

Preston,  P'ilmore  Co  ,  Minn. 


WE  OFFER  FOR  A  LIMITED  TIME  OILY  AT  LIBERAl  FIGURES 


AS     FOLLOWS: 


300  Thousand  Quart  Berry  Boxes. 

100  Thousand  16  and  24  Quart  Berry  Boxes 

200  Thousand  Sections 


25  Thousand  24  Section  No-drip  Shipping 

Cases 
2  Thousand  DovetaTed  Bee-Tlives. 


Wrte  today  and  get  our  special  prices,  on  any  quantity.     Address, 

^  SHEBOYGAN  FRUIT-BOX  CO.,   Sheboygan,  Wis.  ^ 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


383 


m 

m 
m 


m 


SPECIAL  BARGAINS 

In    Dovetailed  Hives,  Hlain  and   Beeway   Sections,  Hoffman 
Brood    Frames,  Cection  Holders,  Separators,  etc. 

We  are  enlarging-  our  FACTORY  and  all  of  those  goods 
have  to  be  moved.  If  you  want  anything  in  jour  apiary,  you 
will  do  well  by  writing  us  at  once,  and  we  will  make  you 
DELIVERED  PRICES  that  will  surprise  you.  Our  stock 
is  all  new  and  up-to-date,  we  do  not  keep  poor  or  second  grade 
goods.  Our  s'zes  are  standard.  Quality  and  finish  cannot  be 
beat  by  anyone.  We  make  anything  used  in  the  apiary  and 
can  save  you  money  and  delay  at  any  time  of  the  season. 
Give  us  a  trial  and  be  convinced.  We  aim  to  please  our 
customers  and  guarantee  all  our  goods  to  g-ive  entire  satisfac- 
tion or  refund  the  money. 

MINNESOTA  BEE  KEEPERS'  SUPPLY  CO., 
John  Doll  &  Son,  Proprietors, 
Nicollet  Island.     No.  35.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


M 

m 

m 

^M 
M 

m 

'4m 
4t% 

Wa 

WA 

'4m 
mi 

Wa 

WA 

-^)^A 
^'i^A 


SUPERIOR    QUEENS 

For  the  balance  of  the  season. 
CAUCASIANS,  untested,  75  cts.  each, 
S8.00  per    dozen.     Tested,    $1.00    each; 
$11.00  per  dozen.     Select  tested,    $1  2o; 
$12.00  per  dozen. 

ITALIANS  and  CARNIOLANS  un- 
tested, 60  cts.  each;  $6.50  per  dozen. 
Tested,  75  cts.  each,  $8.00  per  dozen. 
Select  tested,  $1.00  each,  $11.00  per 
dozen. 

CHAS.  KOEPPEN, 

Fredericksburg,  Va. 


HONEY  QUEENS 

LAWS'  ITALIAN  and  HOLY  LAND  QUEENS. 
Plenty  of  fine  queens  of  the  best  strains  on  earth 
and  with  these  I  am  catering  to  a  satisfied  trade. 
Are  you  in  it  ?     Or  are  you  interested. 

Laws'  Leather  and  Golden  Italians, 
Laws'  Holy  Lands. 
These  three,  no  more.  The  following  prices 
areas  low  asconsisient  with  good  queens.  Un- 
tested, 90c;  per  dozen,  $800;  tested  |i.oo;  per 
dozen,  $10.  Breeders,  the  very  best  of  either 
race,  $3.00  each. 

H.  Laws,  Beeville,  Tex. 


— If  you  are  going  to— 

BUY  A  BUZZ -SAW, 

write  to  the  editor  of  the  IIeview.  He  has  a 
oew  Barnes  saw  to  sell  and  would  be  glad  to 
make  you  happy  by  telling  you  the  price  at 
which  he  wt^uld  sell  it. 

BEE-KEEPER'S  SUPPLIES 

New  Catalogue  Lower  Prices 

Modern  Machinery  etter  Goods 

We  are  Manufacturers 

MONDENG    MF'G.  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1.04-6t  147-149  Cedar  Lake  Road 


FRAMES,  B^RAMES,  FRAMES 

Hall's  Hobby"  beats  them  all,  they  will  fit 
your  home-made  hive.  All  about  them  and  a 
little  besides.     ^  ourname  on    a   postal   please. 

12  06  if  D   S.  HALL,  So.  Cabot.  Vt. 


A  15,000  FERRETS.  Send  6  cents 
^-^W  for  illustr.TH-d  f.-rrot  book  published, 
^^^flPv  4!S  pases  of  practical  e-^perience  from 
'^^6  ^  a  life  study  of  these  useful  littl-  ani- 
mal!-, telling-  how  to  successfully  breed 
and  work  ferrets,  how  ferrets  clear  buildings  of 
rats,  drive  rabbits  from  burrows.    Price  list  free. 

SAMUEL  FARNSWORTH.  Middelton,  Ohio. 


384 


THE  BEE-KEEPERS'  REVIEW 


The  foundation  of  a  crop  of  honey 
rests  in  the  successful  wintering-  of 
bees,  and  this  is  the  result  of  many 
things.  Strong  colonies  alone  will  not 
insure  safe  wintering,  neither  will  a 
warm  cellar,  nor  chaff  hives.  Perfect 
stores  will  come  the  nearest  to  it,  but 
they  can't  be  depended  upon  alone. 
In  some  localities  the  natural  stores 
can  be  depended  upon;  in  others  part 
of  the  natural  stores  are  all  right  for 
wintering  purposes,  and  others  are 
disastrous.  There  are  methods  where- 
by the  right  natural  stores  may  be 
secured  for  winter,  or,  if  not,  the  col- 
onies may  be  brought  through  the 
seasons  practically  free  from  natural 
•  stores,  when  it  is  an  easy  matter  to 
furnish  them  the  best  of  all  winter 
stores — cane  sugai". 

When  the  food  is  all  that  it  should 
be,  then  comes  the  matter  of  protection; 
shall  it  be  packing  of  some  kind,  such 
as  sawdust,  or  chaff,  or  planer  shav- 
ings, or  shall  it  be  the  cellar  ? 

If  it  is  the  cellar,  then  follow  the 
matters  of  temperature,  moisture,  venti- 
lation, etc.,  all  of  which  have  a  bear- 
ing upon  successful  wintering.  There 
is  a  way  of  telling  whether  a  cellar  is 
damp,  how  damp  it  is,  and  whether  it 
is  too  damp  (depending  upon  the  temp- 
erature) and  there  are  methods  of 
rendering  it  dry  if  it  is  too  damp. 

Besides  the  matter  of  ventilation  to 
the  cellar  itself,  which  also  has  a  bear- 
ing upon  temperature,  there  is  the  ven- 


tilation of  individual  hives,  so  that  th 
dampness  may  pass  off,  yet  leaving  the 
cluster  always  dry  and  warm. 

Then  there  is  the  giving  of  protection 
in  such  a  manner,  when  wintering  bees 
in  the  open  air,  that  the  cluster  may 
remain  warm  and  dry. 

Successful  wintering  is  really  a 
many  sided  subject,  but  it  can  be 
mastered  so  as  to  be  able  to  bring  col- 
onies of  bees  through  the  winter  safe 
ly  as  may  be  done  with  a  cow  or  horse. 

All  of  the  leading  factors  of  success- 
ful wintering,  as  well  as  the  minor  de- 
tails, are  given  in  the  book  Advanced 
Bee  Culture,  and  I  am  satisfied  that 
any  man  who  reads  this  book,  and  fol- 
lows its  instructions,  will  winter  his 
bees  with  practically  no  loss.  Last 
fall  I  put  104  colonies  of  bees  into  my 
cellar,  and  took  them  all  out  in  the 
spring  alive,  dry,  clean,  healthy  and 
strong,  and  I  know  I  can  do  this  every 
time,  and  so  can  others  if  they  will  fol- 
low the  instruction  that  I  give  in  Ad- 
vanced Bee  Culture. 

If  you  have  failed  in  wintering  your 
bees,  or,  if  you  have  succeeded  only  in 
a  measure,  and  would  like  to  secure 
perfect  wintering,  get  the  book  now, 
and  read  it,  and  put  into  practice  its 
teachings,  and  next  spring  will  find 
you  with  strong,  healthy  colonies — the 
foundation  of  all  honey  crops. 

Price  of  the  book  $1.20,  or  the  Review 
one  year  and  the  book  for  onl}'  $2.00. 


FONT,  MICH. 


January,   1906. 


Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review  I    National  Bee-Keepers* 

Association. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 
W.  I    HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Publisher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
Postoffice   Feb.  2,  1888.     Serial  number,  216 

Ternjs— $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances — The  Review  is  .sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  v^ishing  the  Revievy  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
a.ssumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


Flint,  Michigan,  Jan.    15,    iqo6 


Advertising  Rates. 


All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line,  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  itich. 
Discounts  will  be  givcti  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards.  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times.  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  aud  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
times,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  ir  times 
50  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  send  the  Review  with — 

Gleanitigs,  (new) ($1  00) $1  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)...(  too) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     ,50) 1.40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper  (   too) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) i  75 

Ohio  Farmer....  (   i.oo) 1.75 

Farm  Jotirnal  (Phila) i     .50) 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker (  i  00) i  S.^i 

The  Century (  4.00) 4.50 

Michigan  Farmer (   i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Fanner (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (   too)    175 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Har])er's  Magazine (  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Voutlis' Companion  ....  (new) .. .    (   175) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (   1.00)...    .   1.90 

Success .    .  (  t  00)    1.75; 


Objects  of  tbe  Association. 

To   promote  and   protect  the    interests  of  its 
members. 

To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $x.oo. 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
J.  U.  Harris,  Grand  Junction,  Colo. 
President. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasure! 

Board  of  Directors, 

Wm    McEvoy.  Woodburn,  Out. 
R.  L-  Taylor,  Lapeer.  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R   C   AiKiN,  IvOveland,  Colo. 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville,  N.  Y 
E.  whitcomb.  Friend,  Neb. 
WM.  A,  Selser,  Philadelphia.   Pa. 
G.  M.  Doolittle,  Borodino.  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  HOLEKAMP,  St.  Lo  is,  Mo. 

J.  M    Hambaugh,  Escondido,  Cal. 
C.  A    Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
C.  C.  Miller,  Marengo,  Ills. 


aa^U^auSMUMM^aUQatUMMMM^UU& 


I  Names  of  Bee-Keepers  i 

?i  XYRE  WRi-n-eiM  E 

B  li 

The  namesofni}:  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates). 
?nd,  thotigh  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  ad^'ertisers  or  others  at  $2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  toriner  price  was  $2.50  pel  looc,  but 
I  now  ha'^ea  type  writer,  and  by  u.sing  the  man- 
ifold process.  I  can  furnish  them  at  I2.00.  A 
inauufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  States,  can  be  accommodated 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona  46 
Ark....  82 
Ala..  .  80 
Calif...  378 
Colo...  228 
Canada  1200 
Conn..     162 


Dak.. 

Del. 

Fla... 

Ga . . . 

Ind.. 

Ills... 

Iowa . 


25 
18 
100 
90 
744 
1375 
800 


Ky 182  N.    C 60 

Kans..       350  New  Mex.  54 

La 38  Oregon . .   109 

Mo 500  Ohio...     130C 

Minn..      334  Penn....    912 

Mich...    1770  R.  1 46 

Mass...     275  S.  C 40 

Md 94  Tenn 176 

Maine       270  Tex 270 

Miss...       70  Utah 68 

N.  Y..  .     1700  Vt 205 

Neb 345  Va 182 

N.  J.           130  W.  Va....i78 

N.  H.        158  Wash....  122 

Wis 620 

Z.  HUTCHINSON.  Flint,  Mich 


Honey  yuotations 


The  fol  owing  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  i  y  llie  North  Anieiican  Br-e- Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  atH,  so 
far  as  pissible.  quotations  are  niade  according  to 
these  rnles: 

Fancy— All  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
strai'ht,  of  even  thickness,  and  tirnily  attached 
to  all  four  S'd-'s;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  I. —  Ml  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detached  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  ce'ls  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel  stain  or  otherwise. 


KANSAS  CITY— The  honey  market  is  dull 
here  on  occount  of  being  well  supplied  wiih 
California  honey.  Fancy  white,  24  .section  comb 
honey  is-  selling  here  for  $3.25  per  case;  amber, 
and  other  grades  25c  lower.  There  is  a  fair  de- 
mand for  extracted  at  6c  and  g'Ac  Beeswax  is 
selling  at  25c. 

C   C.  CIvEMONS&CO,. 
Dec.   7,1905  Kansas  City,  Mo 


KAN.SAS  CITY— Market  steady  with  light  de. 
maud-  Considerable  stock  on  hand,  both  comb 
and  extracted.  We  quote  a:s  follows:  Fancy 
white,  $3.50.  per  case;  No.  i  white  $3.25;  fancy 
amber  300;  white,  extracted  6c;  aniber,  5^c; 
beeswax  25  to  2Sc. 

WAI.,KER-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
Jan.  10,  1905        423  Walnut  St.,  Kansas  Cilv„Mo. 


In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  c'assified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white," 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
being  sent  to   the   shipper.     Commission   is   ten 

ger  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  dealers    charge  only 
ve  percent   when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


BUFFAt,0 — Really  fancy  honey  is  selling  well 
and  receipts  are  modeiate.  Other  grades  move 
fairly  well  We  advise  moderate  shipments  of 
all  grades.  We  quote  as  follows;  F'ancy  white, 
13  to  14c;  No.  I  white,  11  to  12c;  fancy  amber, 
9  to  loc;  No.  I  amber  g  to  10c;  fancy  dark  9 
and  10;  No.  r  dark,  8  to  9c;  white  extracted,  7  to 
8c; amber  extracted,  6  to  7c;  dark  extracted,  6  to 
7c.     Beeswax    28  to  32c 

BAITERSON  &  CO . 


Jan.  10   1905. 


BufTalo.  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK  Comb  honey  pretty  well  cleaned 
up  and  there's  still  a  fair  de^nand  We  quote 
fancy  white  at  14  to  15c;  No.  i  at  13c;  amber  at  12c, 
buckwheat  at  loc  to  i  ic, 

Extracted  in  fair  demmd.  especially  Cali- 
fornia, with  abundance  of  supply.  We  quote 
white  at  6I2  to  7c,  light  amber  6c  to  '  %c.  amber 
5'/4  'o  s'ic,  per  lb  ,  buckwheat,  s'/ic  to  6''  per  lb.; 
Southern  in  barrels  not  much  demand  and 
rather  hard  to  sell,  at  from  50c  10  69c  per  gallon, 
according  to  quality.  Beeswax,  fiim  and  steady 
at  soc. 

HIi,DRETH  &SEGEL,KEN, 

82-86  Murray  St, 
Jan.  10,  1905.  New  York. 


CIS'CINVATI— Reports  from  different  parts  of 
the  country  give  evidence  of  an  almost  total 
failure  in  the  comb  honey  crop  excepting  some 
points  in  the  North.  We  are  .SELi.iNfi  this 
Northern  comb  honey,  at  from  14  to  16c  per  lb. 
by  the  case. 

The  demand  extracted  honey  is  about  equal  to 
the  receipts,  which  are  good.  We  continue  to 
sell  amber  in  barrels  at  55<(  to  6c.  White  clover 
at  6!.2  to  7'/ic  Por  beeswax,  we  are  paying  30c 
per  lb.  cash,  delivered  here. 

(We  wish  to  call  the  attention  of  the  producer 
to  the  above  quotations  on  honey  He  must  not 
expect  to  receive  these  prices  on  his  product. 
The  above  are  our  selling  prices.) 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
Oct   6,  o.s.  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


CHICAGO— The  trade  is  steady  with  about  the 
usual  demand;  the  prices  range  from  14c  to  i^c 
for  best  grades  of  while  comb  honey.  There  is 
not  an  active  demand  for  off  grades,  which 
usually  sell  at  ic  to  3c  per  lb.  less. 

For  extracted  a  steady  cemaiid  exists  for  the 
best  grades  at  b]4c  to  7c,  but  for  sour  or  off 
flavors  there  is  practically  no  sale.  Beeswax, 
brings  30c  per  lb. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 
Jan.  8,  1905  199  So    Water  St. 


CHICAGO— Trade  on  both  comb  and  extracted 
honey  the  past  month  has  been  quite  brisk,  stock 
moving  readily  at  prices  indicated  above.  ComO 
honey  cleaning  up  f<ist,  and  stocks  in  Chicago 
not  equal  to  prospective  sales.  Therefore,  if 
producers  still  have  any  honey  unsold,  either 
in  comb  or  extracted,  advise  letting  it  come  for- 
ward, as  we  are  in  position  to  place  it  so  as  to 
net  producers  good  returns;  or  we  will  purchase 
outright.  We  quote  at.  follows: 
Fancy  white,  15c;  No.  i  while,  14c;  No.  2  white, 
13c;  white,  extracted,  6  to  7c;  amber,  extracted, 
5C   to  6c.     Beeswax  28  to  30c. 

S.  T.  Fl^n  &  CO., 

189  >outh  Water  St 
Jan.  10,  19^6  Chicago,  Hi 


The  Houston  Bee  Supply  Co, 

REICHARDT  &  SCHULTE 

20()  and  20>x  Milam  St.,  Houston,  Texas,  conduct 
a  business  in  modLMin  beo  hives  and  supplies. 
Houston  has  better  shipping  facilities  than  any 
city  in  the  South.     TRY  US. 


AAlaniCkH  comb  honey  at  improved 
''''*'"'*^*^J  prices.  Write  us  what  you 
have  to  offer.  Respect  full  j', 

i2-o5-2t  H.  R.  WRIGHT,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


I  will  sell  my  crop  of 

WHITE  CLOVER 

extracted  honey  at  614  cts.  a  pounds,  F.  O.  B.,  in 
60-lb.  cans  boxed  singly. 

LOllS  J.  BERGDOI^I., 
i-o6-2t  826  N.  29th  St.,  Phila.  Penn 


A  COMPLETE  ESTABLISHMENT. 


We  say  that  we  can  supplj  everything  for  the  bee-keeper.  It  is  a  literal  fact.  Anything 
from  bees  to  books,  or  hive  to  honey-ooards  The  completeness  of  our  factory  is  not  realized  by 
most  beekeepers.  Below  we  give  the  main  Departments  of  ouf  busire.ss.  Read  them  over  and  then 
we  are  sure  you  will  understand  when  vse  say  everything  for  the  bee-keeper,  we  mean  it. 

WOOD-WORKING   DEPT. 

This  dep'irtment  occupies  the  3  floors  of  the  main  building  of  the  factory.  It  is  equipped  from 
top  to  bottom  with  the  best  machinery  that  brains  can  invent  and  money  buy.  Every  detail  in  hive 
making  has  bfcn  figured  out.  Immense  sheds  cove.ing  acres  of  ground  protect  the  lumber  piles  so 
that  shrinkage  is  reduced  to  almost  nothing.  That  accounts  for  the  accurate  fitting  and  clearness 
of  stuck  of  Root's  wooden  wares.  The  entire  factory,  light,  and  machinery  power,  is  furuished  by  a 
great,  400  horse-power  engine,  and  a  100  horse  power  dynamo. 

WAX-WORKING  DEPT, 

We  are  leaders  in  buying  wax  and  sel'ing  the  famous  Weed  Process  Foundation.  Our  Wax  De- 
partment is  turnished  wiih  tanks  for  refining,  machines  for  sheeting,  all  sizes  of  mills,  automatic 
papering  machines,  etc.  Over  150,000  pounds  of  foundation  is  made,  boxed  and  shipped  all  over  the 
world  every  year. 

TIN  SHOP 

Here  are  made  the  thousand-  of  smokers  that  bear  the  Root  trade  mark  of  excellence.  Here  are 
made  the  cans  for  extractors  and  uncapping  cans.  Machines  for  cutting  honey-boords;  presses  for 
stamping  tin  and  iron  into  various  forms 

MACHINE  SHOP 

Equipped  with  the  most  expensive  machinery  and  manned  by  skillful  employees.  We  make 
our  own  metal  parts  and  much  machinery  for  other  factories.  Powerful  iron  presses,  iron  cutting 
and  drilling  machines  are  in  evidence  everywhere. 

APIARIES 

We  have  scattered  in  and  around  Medina  5  apiaries  devoted  exclusively  to  bee  and  queen  rear- 
ing, supplemented  by  5  more  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Cuba,  and  we  control  the  product  of 
several  other  large  quc-n-breeding  establishments.  Our  queens  are  bred  with  scientific  care.  We 
test  every  device  we  make  before  it  is  introduced  to  the  public. 

SHIPPING  DEPTS. 

Two  railroads  run  their  cars  to  our  doors.  From  a  dozen  to  20  men  are  kept  busy  loading  and 
packing  the  176  to  200  carloads  we  ship  every  year,  besides  the  thousands  of  less  than  carload  ship- 
ments. Eight  jxpress  trains  a  day.  With  large  warehouse  packed  full  and  a  great  factory,  it  is  a 
little  wonder  thTt  Roots  have  gained  a  reputation  for  promptness  in  filling  orders  for  the  hundreds 
of  things  in  their  catalog. 

PRINTING  DEPT. 

Two  large  cylinder'presses;  3  platen  presses;  paper  folder,  trimming,  cutting  and  stitching  ma- 
chines; skilled  typesetters,  printers,  book-binders— all  help  to  turn  out  semi-monthly  the  large 
issues  of  Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture;  the  five  to  ten  thousand  ABC  books  every  year;  together  with 
our  400,000  supply  catalogs,  not  speaking  of  the  numerous  other  ca'alogs,  booklets,  labels  and  all  vari- 
etitsof  printing  Two  carloads  of  paper  required  for  our  annual  catalog,  a  half  carload  for  our 
Christmas  Gleanings  alone. 

BRANCHES  AND   AGENTS 

Eight  branches  with  large  stock  in  all  great  centers.  Numerous  jobbing  agencies  and  hundreds 
of  smaller  agents  place  our  goods  at  your  door  at  factory  prices,  with  freight  charge*  and  the  time 
taken  in  shipment  reduced  to  the  lowest  1  ossible  point.  We  wonder  if  the  bee  keeper  ever  thinks  of 
the  many  hands  and  brains  that  plan  for  him  ?  Of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars,  and  the 
hours  cunsumed  to  make  and  deliver  his  supplies? 

OFFICE 

The  office  is  the  brain  of  the  factory.  Here  are  the  executive,  editorial,  advertising  and  book- 
keeping heads.  Here  the  thousands  of  details  are  cared  for.  Root's  office  is  as  modern  as  you  can 
find  any  where.  Six  typewriters  are  kept  busy;  adding  machine,  copying  machine,  vertical  letter 
files,  card  indexes,  etc.— everything  to  care  forthe  half  million  dollars  worth  of  business  we  do 
yearly.  We  have  every  interest  of  the  bee-keeper  at  heart.  We  are  working  for  your  good,  for  your 
prosperity  means  ours. 

The  Compliments  of  the  Season  to  Our  Friends  all  Over  the  World. 


Otir  Catalog  for  1906  is  ready.     Write   for  a  copy  if  you  want  it  now. 

THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPANY,  Medina,  Ohio. 


Feb'ruairy,  1906. 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review 

PUBI.I9HED    MONTHI.Y 
W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  PuMisher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
?ostoffice,  Feb.  2,  1888.    Serial  uamber,  217 

Terms— $1.00  a  year  to  svibscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Cana'da,  Cnba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
Dtber  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  j^ear,  extra. 

Discontinaanees—The  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  diaconrtmuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  Jhe  first  i9  not  heed 
ed  Ant  subscriber  \*ishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Re->Jew  stopped  at  the  expiration  ot 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, afld  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association. 

Objects  of  the  Association. 

To  promote  and  protect  the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prerent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 

Annual  Membership  $1.00. 

Send  dnes  to  Treasurer. 
J.  U.  Harris,  Grand  Junction,  Colo, 
President. 
C.  P.  Dadant,-  Haaiilton,  111. 

Vice  President 

W.  Z,  HtTCHiNSOJ^,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plaltrille,  "Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasurer 


Plint,  Michigan,    Feb.   15,    X906. 


Advertising  Rates. 

All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line,  Nonfjareil  space,  each  inser- 
Jion:  12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  givcu  as  follows: 

On  10- lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  3  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
j5  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  Per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  aud  tfpwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
limes,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;   t:  times 

30  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List, 


I  will  send  the  RfiViEW  with-- 

Gleanings,  (new) - ...($1.00) $1  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (netv)...!  i  00) ...... .1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  too) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     -50) i-35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .5°) '^o 

Rural  Bee-Keeper  V  °°< vll 

Westerh  Bee  Journal... (  i.oo) ....  ..1.75 

Ohio  Farmer )  ^■°"l '"''^ 

Farm  Journal  ( Phila) ......  .• (    -50)  • 

Rural  New  Yorker (  i  00)  ■ 

The  Century (  40°) 

Michigan  Farmer .....(  i-oo) 

Prairie  Farmer (  i -oo) . 

American  Agrictllturist (  i  00) 

Country  Gentleman (  2-5o) 

Harper's  Magazine (  4oo; 

Harper's  Weekly .......(  400) 

Youths'  Companioil ....  (new) . . . .  (  1  75) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan •(  >;0o) 1.90 


1.20 
1.85 
4-50 
1.65 
».75 
1-75 
315 
4.10 
4.20 


Board  of  Directors. 

Wm    McEvoy.  Woodbnrn,  Ont. 
R    X    Taylor,  I^apeer,  Mich, 

Udo  ToEPPfiRWEJN,  San  Antonio,  lea. 
R.  C.  AiKlN,  I^oveland,  Colo. 

P.  H.  Elwood,  StarkviUe.  N.  v 
E.  Whitcomb,  Friend,  NeV*. 
WM.  A,  SELSER,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

G    M.  Doolittle,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
k   A.  HolEKamP.  St.  lvO"is,  Mo. 

J   M   Hambaugh,  Escondido,  Cal. 
C.  A   Hatch,  Richland  Cen,  Wii*- 
C,  C.  Miller,  Marengo,  111*. 


QaaaaQ!aapaaaaaaaiiiiaaHaasi!3a9 

I  Names  of  Bee-Keepers  | 

n  TYPE  NA/Ri-r-reN  e 

BBlEBiEiBBElBBECHBIBEiBECiaBiBlBECiri 

The  namesof  my  customers,  and  of  those  a^h- 
ing  for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  wnt 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  a  1 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates) 
pnd,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  others  at  $2.00  per  thousand 
iiaiues.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  pel  looc,  hut 
I  now  ha^'ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  $2.00.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  .States,  can  be  accommoaated 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  ot 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona  46 
Ark....  82 
Ala..  .  80 
Calif...  378 
Colo...  228 
Canada  1200 
Conn..  162 
Dak.. 
Del.. 
Fla... 
Ca... 
Ind.. 
Ills.. 
Iowa, 


25 
18 
100 
90 
744 
1375 
800 


Ky 

Kans.. 
ta 

Mo 

Minn.. 
Mich... 
Mat-s... 

Md 

Maine 
Miss. .  . 
N.  Y... 
Neb..  .. 
N.  J  ., 
N.  H.   . 


182 

350 

38 

500 

3.^4 

1770 

275 

94 

270 

70 

1700 

..345 

130 

.158 


N.   C  .... 

60 

New  Mex 

■  54 

Oregon . . 

109 

Ohio... 

1 30c 

Penn 

912 

R.  I 

46 

S.  C 

40 

Tenn 

176 

Tex 

270 

Utah 

68 

Vt 

.20,'i 

Va 

182 

W.  Va.. 

.178 

Wash . . . 

122 

Wis 

620 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON.  Flint.  Mich. 


Honey  yuotations 

The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  by  the  North  American  Bee-Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  and,  so 
far  as  possible,  quotations  are  niade  according  to 
these  rules: 

Fancy — All  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
straight,  of  even  thickness,  and  tirmly  attached 
to  all  four  sides;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  I. — All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detsched  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  atid  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  classified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white," 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  tho.se  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  dealers  chRrge  only 
five  per  cent,  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


KANS.i.S  CITY— We  quote  as  follows:  No.  i 
white,  J3.00  per  crate  of  24  sections;  No.  i  amber, 
$2.75:  white,  extracted,  6'_c;  amber,  6c;  dark. 
Sc.    Beeswax  at  25c  to  30c. 

C    C.  CLEMONS&CO,. 
Feb.  ig,  190&  Kansas  Cit3',  Mo, 


BUFFAIyO  — Really  fancy  honey  sells  quite 
well,  but  dark,  poor  and  old  {>*  very  hard  to 
move  unless  sjld  very  low.  We  quote  as  follows: 
Fancy  white,  13c  to  iic;  No.  i  white,  11  to  12c; 
fancy  amber  9c  to  iic;  fancy  dark,  8c  to  loc. 
Beeswax  2S  to  32c. 

BATTERSON  &  CO.. 
Feb.  17.  1906.  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK — Comb  honey  pretty  well  cleaned 
up  and  there  is  still  a  fair  dcuand.  We  quote 
fancj'  white  at  14  to  15c;  No.  i  at  13c;  amberat  12c, 
buckwheat  at  loc  to  i  ic. 

Extracted  in  fair  dennnd.  especially  Cali- 
fornia, with  abundance  of  supply.  We  quote 
white  at  6'/.  to  7c,  light  amber  6c  to  614'c,  amber 
5%  lo  sViC,  per  lb  ,  buckwheat,  514c  to  6c  per  lb.; 
Southern  in  barrels  not  much  demand  and 
rather  hard  to  sell,  at  from  50c  to  69c  per  gallon, 
according  to  quality.  Beeswax,  film  and  steady 
at  50c. 

HIL,DRETH  &  SEGEL,KEN, 

82-86  Murray  St, 
Jan.  10,  1906.  New  York. 


CINCINNATI— At  the  present  time,  the  de- 
many  for  honey  is  quiet;  however,  we  fully  be- 
lieve the  near  future  will  i>ring  better  reports, 
as  all  indications  point  to  a  prosperous  season. 
We  continue  I0  quote  amber  extracted  in  barrels 
at  sJ^  to  6c.  Fancy  white  extracted  at  yli  to  S^^c 
in  crates  of  2  60  lb  cans.  Comb  honey,  is  mov- 
ing slowly  at  135^0  to  i5c,  according  to  the 
quality 

(  Rce-keepers,  please  observe  the  above  are  our 
selling  prices  of  honey;  not  what  we  are  paying  ) 

Beeswax  of  the  clioice  t>right  yelloiv  grade,  is 
wanted  at  30c  per  lb.  delivered  here. 


Kansas  city— Honey  is  movitig  slowly;  de- 
mand light,  and  considerable  .stock  in  the 
market.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fan.y  while, 
$3.00,  per  case  of  24  sections;  No.  1  while  $2.75; 
white,  extracted  6c;  amber,  sj^c;  bteswax.  25c. 

WAI.KKR-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
Feb.  21,  1906       423  Walnut  St  ,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


CHICAGO— The  trade  is  steady  with  about  (he 
usual  demand;  the  prices  range  from  14c  to  i«c 
for  best  grades  of  white  comb  honey.  There  is 
not  an  active  demand  for  off  grades,  which 
usually  sell  at  ic  to  3c  per  lb.  less. 

For  extracted  a  steady  cemand  exists  for  the 
best  grades  at  63^c  to  7c,  but  for  sour  or  off 
flavors  there  is  practically  no  sale.  Beeswax, 
brings  30c  per  lb. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 
Jan.  8,  1906.  199  So.  Water  St. 


CHICAGO— During  the  fore  part  of  Februarv, 
trade  on  comb  honey  was  slow,  but  the  past  week 
or  so  orders  have  been  coming  in  very  freelj-,  and 
from  present  indications,  stocks  of  comb  honey 
held  in  Chicago  will  be  exhausted  in  the  near 
future.  If  there  are  any  producers  who  still 
have  any  honey  to  ship,  advise  letting  it  lome 
forward,  as  we  are  in  position  to  place  it  at  satis- 
factory prices.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
white,  15c;  No.  1  white,  14c;  No.  2  white,  nc  to 
13c  depending  on  quality;  white  extracted,  6  to 
7c;  amber  extracted,  5  to  6c.  Beeswax  28  to  30c. 
S.  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St. 
Feb.  17,  1906.  Chicago,  111 


The  Houston  Bee  Supply  Co. 

REICHARDT  &  SCHULTE 

200  and  208  Milam  St.,  Houston,  Texas,  conduct 
a  business  in  modern  bee  hives  and  supplies. 
Houston  has  better  shipping-  facilitii-s  than  any 
citr  in  the  South.     TRY  US. 


I  will  sell  my  crop  of 

WHITE  CLOVER 

extracted  honey  at  6)4  els.  a  pound",  F.  O.  B.,  in 
60-lb.  cans  boxed  singly. 

LOUIS  J.  BERGDOLL, 
i-c6-2t  826  N.  29th  St.,  Phila.Ptnn. 


CALIFORNIA 

Italian  Queens  only.  If  you  want  queens  for 
honey  gathering,  give  miiie  a  tiial— ihej'  have 
made  a  great  record  in  the  sage  districts.  I  can 
supply  from  one  to  1,000.  Untested,  $1.00,  tested, 
Ji  50;  select  tested.  52.50;  breeders,  js  00. 

2  06-tf  M.  D.  WHITCHER,  Los  Olivos.  Calif. 


Wanted.   Barnes  machinery,   with    or    without 
foot-power    (not  worn  out ).     Also   Bee   Hives   to 
manufacture;  any  desired  stvle  or  size. 
F.  T.  HOOPRS, 
2-06-it  East  Downington,  Penii. 


Feb.  19.  of. 


THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


lAf^MfAfl'  '^*"<^V  white  comb  honey  in 
''"'^■•*^^"  non-drip  .'•hipping  cases,  also 
white  clover  honey  in  cans  and  barrels.  Please 
send  samples  and  state  your  l(.we.>-t  price  deliver- 
ed here.  We  pay  spot  cash  upon  receipt  of 
goods.  GRIGGS  BROS.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


A  COMPLETE  ESTABLISHMENT. 


We  say  that  we  can  supplj  everytbiag  for  the  bee-keeper.  It  is  a  literal  fact.  Anything 
from  bees  to  books,  or  hive  to  honey- boards  The  completeness  of  our  factory  is  not  realized  by 
most  bee-keepers.  Below  we  give  the  main  Departments  of  ou'-  business.  Read  them  over  and  then 
we  are  sure  you  will  understand  when  \\e  say  everything  for  the  bee-keeper,  we  mean  it. 

WOOD-WORKING   DEPT. 

This  department  occupies  the  3  floors  of  the  main  building  of  the  factory.  It  is  equipped  from 
top  to  bottom  with  the  best  machinery  that  brains  can  invent  and  money  buy.  Every  detail  in  hive 
making  has  been  figured  out.  Immense  sheds  coveiing  acres  of  ground  protect  the  lumber  piles  so 
that  shrinkage  is  reduced  to  almost  nothing.  That  accounts  for  the  accurate  fiiting  and  clearness 
of  stock  of  Root's  wooden  wares.  The  entire  factory,  light,  and  machinery  power,  is  furnished  by  a 
great,  400  horse-power  engine,  and  a  100  horse-power  dynamo. 

WAX-WORKING  DEPT, 

We  are  leaders  in  buying  wax  and  selling  the  famous  Weed  Process  Foundation.  Our  Wax  De- 
partment is  furnished  with  tanks  for  refining,  machines  for  sheeting,  all  sizes  of  mills,  automatic 
papering  machines,  etc.  Over  150,000  pounds  of  foundation  is  made,  boxed  and  shipped  all  over  the 
world  every  year. 

TIN  SHOP 

Here  are  made  the  thousands  of  smokers  that  bear  the  Root  trade  mark  of  excellence.  Here  are 
made  the  cans  for  extractors  and  uncapping  cans.  Machines  for  cutting  honey-boords;  presses  for 
stamping  tin  and  iron  into  various  forms. 

MACHINE  SHOP 

Equipped  with  the  most  expensive  machinery  and  manned  by  skillful  employees.  We  make 
our  own  metal  parts  and  much  machinery  for  other  factories.  Powerful  iron  presses,  iron  cutting 
and  drilling  machines  are  in  evidence  everywhere. 

APIARIES 

We  have  scattered  in  and  around  Medina  5  apiaries  devoted  exclusively  to  bee  and  queen  rear- 
ing, supplemented  by  5  more  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Cuba,  and  we  control  the  product  of 
several  other  large  queen-breeding  establishments.  Our  queens  are  bred  with  scientific  care.  We 
test  every  device  we  make  before  it  is  introduced  to  the  public. 

SHIPPING  DEPTS. 

Two  railroads  run  their  cars  to  our  doors.  From  a  dozen  to  20  men  are  kept  busy  loading  and 
packing  the  176  to  200  carloads  we  ship  every  year,  besides  the  thousands  of  less  than  carload  ship- 
ments. Eight  express  trains  a  day.  With  large  warehouse  packed  full  and  a  great  factory,  it  is  a 
little  wonder  that  Roots  have  gained  a  reputation  for  promptness  in  filling  orders  for  the  hundreds 
of  things  in  their  catalog. 

PRINTING  DEPT. 

Two  large  cylinder'presses;  3  platen  presses;  paper  folder,  trimming,  cutting  and  stitching  ma- 
chines; skilled  typesetters,  printers,  book-binders— all  help  to  turn  out  semi-monthly  the  large 
issues  of  Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture;  the  five  to  ten  thousand  ABC  books  every  year;  together  with 
our  400,000  supply  catalogs,  not  speaking  of  the  numerous  other  catalogs,  booklets,  labels  and  all  vari- 
eties of  printing  Two  carloads  of  paper  required  for  our  annual  catalog,  a  half  carload  for  our 
Christmas  Gleanings  alone. 

BRANCHES  AND   AGENTS 

Eight  branches  with  large  stock  in  all  great  centers.  Numerous  jobbing  agencies  and  hundreds 
of  smaller  agents  place  our  goods  at  your  door  at  factory  prices,  with  freight  charges  and  the  time 
taken  in  shipment  reduced  to  the  lowest  possible  point.  We  wonder  if  the  bee  keeper  ever  thinks  of 
the  many  hands  and  brains  that  plan  for  him  ?  Of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars,  and  the 
hours  consumed  to  make  and  deliver  his  supplies? 

OFFICE 

The  office  is  the  brain  of  the  factory.  Here  are  the  executive,  editorial,  advertising  and  book- 
keeping heads.  Here  the  thousands  of  details  are  cared  for.  Root's  office  is  as  modern  as  you  can 
find  any  where.  Six  typewriters  are  kept  busy;  adding  machine,  copying  machine,  vertical  letter 
files,  card  indexes,  etc.— everything  to  care  for  the  half  million  dollars  worth  of  business  we  do 
yearly.  We  have  every  interest  of  the  bee-keeper  at  heart.  We  are  working  for  your  good,  for  your 
prosperity  means  ours. 

The  Compliments  of  the  Season  to  Ottr  Friends  all  Over  the  World. 


Our  Catalog  for  1906  is  ready.     Write  for  a  copy  if  you  want  it  now. 

THE  A.  L  ROOT  COMPANY,  Medina,  Ohio. 


March,   1906. 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review 


PUBLISHED    MONTHI,Y 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  PubUsher 

Mntered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
Postoffice    Feb.  2,  1888.     Serial  number,  218 

Terms — |i.oo  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances — Tlie  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  cotitinued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


Flint,  Michigan,  March  15,  iqo6. 


National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association. 


Advertising  Rates. 


All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
[5  cents  per  line.  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
limes,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  ir  times 
^o  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 

I  will  send  the  Review  with — 

Gleanings,  (new) (fioo) |i  75 

American  Bee  Journal,   (new)...(   100) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (   i.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper       (   100) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal {   i.oo) 1.75 

Ohio  Farmer...  (  t.oo) 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) (     .50) 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker (   too) 1.85 

The  Century (  4.00) 4.50 

Michigan  Farmer (   i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (   100) 175 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Youths'  Companion (new) (   i  75) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  100) i.go 

Success (  100) I.7.S 


Objects  of  the  Association. 

To  promote  and   protect  the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 

Annual  Membership  $1.00, 

.Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
J.  U.  Harris,  Grand  Junction,  Colo. 
President. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Trea.surei 

Board  of  Directors, 

Wm.  McEvoy.  Woodburn,  Ont. 
R.  L,.  Taylor,  Lapeer.  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R   C   AiKiN,  Loveland,  Colo. 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville.  N.  V 
E.  ^Vhitcomb,  Friend,  Neb 
WM.  A,  Selser,  Philadelphia.  Pa 

G.  M.  Doolittle,  Borodino,  N   Y. 
R.  A.  Holekamp.  St.  I.,o"is,  Mo. 

J.  M    Hambaugh,  Escondido,  Cal 
C.  A   Hatch,  Richland  Cen  ,  Wis, 
C.  C.  Miller.  Marengo,   Ills. 


SAGINAW 


Is  an  e.xcellent  shipping  point   from  whicti 
to  send    out 

Bee-Keepers' 

Supplies 

to  Eastern,  Western   or   Northern    Mich- 
igan.    Bee-keepers    in   the.se    regions  can 

Save  Freight 

and    trrt    supplies     promptly    b.\-   sending 
th'  ir  orders  to 

Lengst  &  Koenig 

SA(;iNAW,  E.  '^..  MICH. 
127  So.  13th  St. 


Honey  yuolalions 

The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  by  the  North  Ameiican  Bre-Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  \V'ashiiigton  meeting,  aiiH,  so 
far  as  possible  quotations  are  niade  according  to 
these  rules: 

Fancy — All  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
straight,  of  even  thickness,  and  Hrmly  attached 
to  all  four  sid  s;  both  wood  and  comb  nnsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise:  all  the  ce'ls  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  1. —  All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detached  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  ce  Is  unsealed:  both  wood  and  comb  nn- 
soiled by  travel-slain  or  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  tlie  honey  is  to  be  classified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white,'' 
"No    I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  i"  the  following  quotations 
are  tho.se  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. Krom  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
bejng  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  d«  alers  charge  only 
five  per  cent  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


KAVS  yS  CITY— We  quote  as  follows:  No.  i 
white,  $3  CO  per  crate  of  24  sections;  No.  i  amber, 
J2.75:  white,  extracted,  6'_.c;  amber,  6c;  dark. 
5c.     Beeswax  at  25c  to  jioc. 

C    C.  CLEMONS  &  CO,. 
Feb.  19,  igcb  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


BUFFAIyO— Really  fancy  honey  sells  quite 
w  11.  b\U  dark,  poor  and  old  is  very  hard  to 
move  unless  sjld  very  low  We  quote'a»  follows: 
Kancy  while,  i -^c  to  i  ic;  No.  1  wh'ie,  11  to  i2r; 
fancy  amber  qc  to  iic;  fancy  dark,  Sc  to  loc. 
Beeswax  28  to  32c. 

BATTERSON  &  CO.. 

Feb.  17    190ft.  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK — Comb  honey  pretty  well  cleaned 
up  and  there  is  still  a  fair  demand  We  quote 
fancy  white  at  14  to  15c;  No.  i  at  13c;  amber  at  12c, 
buckwheat  at  loc  to  i  ic. 

Extracted  in  fair  denmid.  especially  Cali- 
fornia, with  abundance  of  supply.  We  quote 
white  at6'/2  to  7c,  light  amber  6c  to  6;j^c,  amber 
5%  'o  5'4C,  per  lb  ,  buckwheat,  s'/ic  to  6c  per  lb.; 
Southern  in  barrels  not  much  demand  and 
rather  hard  to  sell,  at  from  50c  10  69c  per  gallon, 
according  to  quality.  Beeswax,  film  and  steady 
at  50C. 

HIL,DRETH  &  SFGEI,KEN, 

82-86  Murray  St, 
Jan.  10,  1906.  New  York. 


CINCINNATI— At  the  present  time,  the  de- 
many  for  honey  is  quiet;  however,  we  fully  be- 
lieve the  near  future  will  bring  better  reports, 
as  all  indications  point  to  a  prosperous  season. 
We  continue  to  quote  amber  extracted  in  barrels 
a'  ~i%  to  6c.  Fancy  white  extracted  at  -y^tofil4c 
ill  c';it<  s  of  2  60  lb  cans.  Comb  honey,  is  mov- 
ing slowly  at  I3!2C  to  i6c,  according  to  the 
quality 

(Bee-keepers,  please  observe  the  above  are  our 
selling  prices  of  honey;  not  what  we  are  paying  ) 

Beeswax  of  the  choice  bright  yellow  grade,  is 
wanted  at  30c  per  lb.  delivered  here. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
51  Walnut  St  ,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


KANSAS  CITY— Honey  is  moving  slowly;  de- 
mand light,  and  considerable  stock  in  the 
markel.  We  quote  as  follows:  F'an.y  white, 
5300.  per  case  of  2)  sections;  No.  i  while  $2.75; 
white,  extracted  6c;  amber,  .s^c:  Ineswax,  25c. 

WAI,KER-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
Feb.  21,  1906        423  Walnut  St  ,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


CHICAGO— The  trade  is  steady  with  abciit  the 
usual  demand;  the  p' ices  range  from  14c  to  nc 
for  best  grades  of  white  comb  honey.  There  is 
not  an  active  demand  for  olT  grades,  which 
usually  sell  at  ic  to  3c  per  lb.  less. 

For  extracted  a  steady  cemand  exists  for  the 
best  grades  at  6J^c  to  7c,  but  for  sour  or  off 
flavors  there  is  practically  no  sale.  Beeswax, 
brings  30c  per  lb. 

R    A.  BURNETT  &  CO.. 
Jan    8.  1906  199  So.  Water  St 


CHICAGO— During  the  fore  part  of  February, 
trade  on  comb  honey  was  slow,  but  the  past  week 
or  so  orders  have  been  coming  in  very  freely,  and 
from  present  indications,  stocks  of  comb  honey 
held  ill  Chicago  will  be  exhausted  in  the  near 
future.  If  tliere  are  any  producers  who  still 
have  any  honey  to  ship  advise  letting  it  ■  onie 
forward,  as  we  are  in  position  to  place  it  at  satis- 
factory prices.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
white,  15c:  No.  1  white,  14c;  No  2  white,  iic  to 
13c  depending  on  quality;  white  extracted,  6  to 
7c;  amber  extracted,  s  to  6c.  Beeswax  28  to  30c. 
S"  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St 
Feb.  17    I9f6  Chicaeo.  lU 


The  Houston  Bee  Supply  Co* 

REICHARDT  &  SCHULTE 

20()  and  208  Milam  St..  Houston.  Texas,  conduct 
a  business  in  modern  bee  hives  and  supplies. 
Houston  has  better  shipping  facilities  than  any 
citr  in  the  South.     TRY  US. 


QUEENS. 


.S.^V,  do  you  know  that  I  have  plenty  of  good 
qutens  all  ready  for  shipment?     If  not,  give  me 
a  trial  order,  and  I  will  prove  it.     One  and  two- 
frame  nuclei  a  specialty 
2-06  If  B.  H.STANI^EY,   Beeville,  Texas. 


CALIFORNIA 

Italian  Queens  only  If  you  want  queens  for 
honey  gathering,  give  mine  a  tiial— they  have 
made  a  great  record  in  the  sage  districts  I  can 
supply  from  one  to  1,000.  fntesled.  Ji  00  tested, 
Ji  50;  select  tested.  52  ,^o;  breeders.  $5  cio 
2  06  tf  M.  D.  WHITCHER,  Los  Olivos.  Calif. 


Wanted: 


Feb   19.  06. 


Fancy  white  comb  honey  in 
non-drip  shipping  cases  "also 
while  clover  hduey  in  cans  and  barrels  Please 
send  sau'ples  and  state  your  h  we^t  i)rice  deliver- 
ed here.  We  ray  spot  cash  upon  receipt  oi 
goods.  GRIGGS  BROS.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


A  COMPLETE  ESTABLISHMENT. 


We  say  that  we  can  supplj  everything  for  the  bee-keeper.  It  is  a  literal  fact.  Anything 
from  bte.s  to  books,  or  hive  to  honey- t)oa ids  The  completeness  of  our  factory  is  not  realized  by 
most  bee-V  eepers.  Kelow  we  give  the  main  Departments  of  oui-  blI^iress.  Read  them  over  and  then 
we  are  suie  you  will  understand  when  we  saj'  everything  for  the  bee-keeper,  we  mean  it. 

WOOD-WORKING    DEPT. 

This  depirtment  occupies  the  3  floors  of  the  main  building  of  the  factory.  It  i-;  equipped  from 
top  to  bottom  with  the  best  machinery  that  brains  can  invent  and  money  l>uy.  Every  detnil  in  hive 
making  has  been  figured  out.  Immense  sheds  cove.ing  acrt-s  of  ground  protect  the  lumber  piles  so 
that  shrinkage  is  reduced  to  almost  nothing.  That  aconuiits  for  the  accurate  fi  ting  and  clearness 
of  stock  of  Root's  wooden  wares.  The  entire  factory,  light,  and  machinery  power,  is  furnished  by  a 
great,  400  horse-power  engine,  and  a  100  horse-power  dynamo. 

WAX-WORKING  DEPT, 

We  are  leaders  in  buying  wax  and  selling  the  famous  Weed  Process  Foundation.  Our  Wax  De- 
partment is  furnished  wiih  tanks  for  refining,  machines  for  sheeting,  all  sizes  ot  mills,  auloniat'c 
papering  machines,  etc.  Over  150,000  pounds  ot  foundation  is  made,  bo.xed  and  shipped  all  over  the 
world  every  year. 

TIN  SHOP  • 

Here  are  made  the  thousand;-  of  smokers  that  bear  the  Root  trade  mark  of  excellence  Here  are 
made  the  can.s  for  extractors  and  uncapping  cans.  Machines  for  cutting  honey-boords;  presses  for 
stamping  tin  and  iron  into  various  forms 

MACHINE  SHOP 

Equipped  with  the  most  expensive  machinery  and  manned  by  skillful  employees.  We  make 
our  own  metal  parts  and  much  machinery  for  other  factories.  Powerful  iron  presses,  iron  cutting 
and  drilling  machines  are  in  evidence  everywhere. 

APIARIES 

We  have  scattered  in  and  around  Medina  5  apiaries  devoted  exclusively  to  bee  and  queen  rear- 
ing, supplemented  by  5  more  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Cuba,  and  we  control  the  product  of 
several  other  large  quef-n-breeding  establishments  Our  queens  are  bred  with  scientific  care.  We 
test  every  device  we  make  before  it  is  introduced  to  the  public. 

SHIPPING  DEPTS. 

Two  railroads  run  their  cars  to  our  doors  From  a  lozeu  to  20  men  are  kept  btisj'  loading  and 
packing  the  176  to  200  carloads  we  ship  every  year,  besides  the  thousands  of  less  than  carload  ship- 
ments. Eight  ?xpress  trains  a  day.  With  large  warehouse  packed  full  and  a  great  factory,  it  is  a 
little  wonder  that  Roots  have  gained  a  reputation  f^r  promptness  in  tilling  orders  for  the  hundreds 
of  things  in  their  catalog. 

PRINTING  DEPT. 

Two  large  cylinder  presses:  3  platen  presses;  paper  folder,  trimming,  cutting  and  stitching  ma- 
chines; skilled  typesetters,  printers,  book-binders — all  help  to  turn  out  scmi-tnonthly  the  large 
issues  of  Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture;  the  five  to  ten  thousand  .\  B  C  books  everv  year;  together  with 
our  400,000  supply  catalogs,  not  speaking  of  the  numerous  other  ca'alogs,  booklets,  labels  and  all  vari- 
etit  s  of  printing  Two  carloads  ot  paper  required  for  our  annual  catalog,  a  half  carload  for  >  ur 
Christmas  Gleanings  alone.  ^ 

BRANCHES  AND  AGENTS 

Eight  branches  with  large  stock  iu  all  great  centers.  Numerous  jobbing  agencies  and  himdreds 
of  smaller  agents  place  our  goods  at  your  door  at  factory  prices,  with  freight  charges  and  tire  time 
taken  in  shipment  reduced  to  the  lowest  1  ossible  point.  We  wonder  if  the  bee  keeper  ever  thinks  of 
the  many  hands  and  brains  that  plan  for  him  ?  Of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars,  and  the 
hours  consumed  to  make  and  deliver  his  supplies? 

OFFICE 

The  office  is  the  brain  of  the  factory.  Here  are  the  executive,  editorial,  advertising  and  book- 
keeping heads.  Here  the  thousands  of  details  are  cared  for.  Root's  ofTice  is  as  mod  i  n  as  you  can 
find  any  where.  Six  typewriters  are  kept  busy;  aiding  niachiiie,  copying  ninchine,  vertical  It  tier 
files,  card  indexes,  etc.  — everything  to  care  for  the  half  million  dollars  worth  of  biisi  ess  we  do 
yearly.  We  have  every  interest  ot  the  bee-keeper  at  heart.  We  are  working  for  your  good,  for  yottr 
prosperity  means  ours. 

The  Compliments  of  the  Season  to  Our  Friends  all  Over  the  World. 


Our  Catalog  for  1906  is  ready.     Write   for  a  copy  if  you  wani  it  now. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  COMPANY,  Medina,  Ohio. 


April,  1906. 


gan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review 

PUBI.ISHED    MONTHLY 
W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Publisher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
Postoffice.  Feb.  2,  1888.    Serial  number,  219 

Terms — $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries   postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances— The  Review  is  sent  un- 
til prders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  vrishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


Flint,  Michigan,   Apr.   15,    1906. 


Advertising  Rates. 

All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line.  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  aud  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
limes,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  12  times 
50  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  send  the  Review  with— 

Gleanings,  (new) ($1.00) |i  75 

American  Bee  Journal,   (new)...(   100) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (   t.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper      (   100) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Ohio  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) (     .50^ 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker (  1.00) 1.85 

The  Century (  4-0o) 4-5o 

Michigan  Farmer C  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (   100) 1.75 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  4-oo) 4-i'3 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Youths' Companion (new)...    (   175) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  i.oo) 1.90 

Success (  I.oo) 1.7.S 


National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association. 


Objects  of  the  Association. 

To   promote  and   protect  the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $1.00. 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.  P,  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Fremont,  Mich. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasure! 

Board  of  Directors. 

Wm.  McEvoy.  ^A'oodburn,  Ont. 
R.  1<.  Taylor,  Lapeer,  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C   AiKiN,  lyOveland,  Colo 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville.  N.  Y 
E   Whitcomb,  Friend,  Neb. 
Jas.  a.  Stone,  Springfield.  Ills. 

G.  M.  DooLiTTLE,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  Holekamp.  St.  Loi'is,  Mo. 

J.  M    Hambaugh,  Escondido,  Cal. 
C.  A    Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.    Wilcox,     Mauston,   Wis. 


I  Names  of  Bee-Keepers 


I 

E 
m  TYRE    NA/RIT-reN  E 

m  u 

The  namesof  my  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  .saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates) 
£>nd,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  ad^'ertisers  or  others  at  |2.oo  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  pei  looc,  but 
I  now  ha-"ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  |2.oo.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  States,  can  be  accommodated 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona    46 

Ark....  82 

Ala..   .  80 

Calif...  378 

Colo...  228 

Canada  1200 

Conn..  162 


Dak.. 

Del . . 

Fla... 

Ga... 

Ind.. 

Ills... 

Iowa. 


25 
18 
100 
90 
744 
1375 
800 


Ky 

Kans.. 

La 

Mo 

Minn .. 
Mich. .. 
Maps... 

Md 

Maine 
Miss..  . 
N.  Y... 

Neb 

N.  J. 
N.   H.   .. 

W.   7.   HTTTC 


182  N.   C 60 

350  New  Mex.  54 

38  Oregon..   109 

500  Ohio...     130c 

334  Penn....    912 

1770  R.  I a6 

275  S.  C 40 

94  Tenn 176 

270  Tex 270 

70  Utah 68 

1 700  Vt 205 

..345  Va 182 

130  w.  Va 178 

158  Wash 122 

Wis 620 

HINSON.  Flint,  Mich 


Honey  yuotations 

The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  by  the  North  American  Bee-Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  an^,  so 
far  as  pnssible,  quotations  are  made  according  to 
these  rules: 

Fancy— All  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
straight,  of  even  thickness,  and  hrinly  attached 
to  all  four  sidfs;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  I. — All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  det^'ched  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  classified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white," 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  d-  alers  charge  only 
five  per  cent,  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


KANSaS  city— Market  on  white  comb  honey 
is  firm,  best  white  selling  at  $3  25  per  case, 
amber,  at  $3.00  and  other  grades  a  little  less. 
Extracted,  6  to  5J..c.     Beeswax  at  25c. 

C   C.  CI,EMONS  &  CO,. 
Apiil  3,  19C6  Kansas  Cty,  Mo. 


BUFFAIvO— Most  kinds  of  honey  is  very  well 
cleaned  up  and  selling  very  we'l  as  quoted. 
Some  fancy  and  No,  i  stcck  wanted  here.  We 
quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white,  i.sc  to  i6c;  No.  i 
wh'ie,  13  to  14^;  fancy  amber  nc  to  14c;  fancy 
dark,  9c  to  loc.  No.  i  dark  8  to  9c.  Beeswax  28 
to  32c. 


.\pr.  3,  1906. 


BATTERSON  &  CO., 

Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


NEWYORK    Comb  honey  still  in  fair  demand 
tor  wh  te  stock.     No  demand  for  dark   honej;. 

Extracted  quiet  with  abundant  supply    princi- 
pally from  California. 

We  quote    fancy  white  at  1410   15c;  No.  i  white 
at  12  to   13c;  fancy  amber  at  iic;  No    i   amber  at 
loc;  white  extracted,  6  to^J^jc.     Beeswax  30c. 
HILDRETH  &!5l-GELKEN, 

82-85  Murray  St, 
Apr  6,  1906.  New  York. 


CHICAGO — The  be.'t  grades  of  comb  honey  are 
scarce  and  sell  at  hc  per  pound.  Off  lots  are  of 
un  ertain  value:  ranging  in  p-  ice  from  loc  to  14c. 
Extracted  meets  with  fair  sale  at  6'/4c  to  7c,  for 
while,  and  6  to  6J4  for  amber  with  off  flavors 
about  ic  per  lb.  less.  Beeswax  sells  at  30c  on 
arrival. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 
.April  7,  1906.  199  So.  Water  St. 


CINCIN^'ATI — There  is  no  material  change 
in  the  honey  market  since  i  ur  last  quotat'cn. 
The  demand  does  not  come  up  to  rur  expecta- 
tions, which,  in  all  prol  ability,  is  due  to  the  in- 
clement weather  of  the  i^ast  month  We  con- 
tinue lo  quote  amber  in  barrels  at  55Xcto  .s'/4c. 
Fancy  whitein  crate  s  of  2  60  lb  cans  at  654  to  SJ4c. 

Beeswax  of  the  choice  bright  yellow  grade,  is 
wanted  at  30c  per  lb.  delivered  here. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
Apr.  4.  06.  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


KANSAS  CITY— Honey  is  in  demand,  market 
firm.  Supply  only  modeiate  Extracted  slow 
sale  at  prices  quoted.     Beeswax  in  good  demand. 

WAI^KER-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
Apr.  6,  1906  423  Walnut  St.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


CHICAGO— Very  little  No.  i  or  fancy  comb 
honey  on  the  market.  Supply  not  exhausted,  de- 
mand good.  We  have  never  seen  slocks  of  tomb 
honey  cleaned  up  so  clo.'-e,  at  this  time  of  the 
year 

Extracted  more  liberal;  supply  not  moving  as 
freely  as  could  be  wished  for. 

We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white,  i6c  to  17c: 
No.  I  white,  15c;  fancy  amber  15c  to  i.si^c;  No.  i 
amber  13c  to  14c;  fancy  dark  iic  to  12c-  No  i 
dark  10c;  white  extracted,  y'^  to  8c;  amber,  6'/i  to 
7c;  dark  6c  to  S'Ac;  beeswax  28c  to  30c, 
S.  T.  Fl>-H  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St. 
April3.  IQ06  Chicago    111 


QUEENS. 


SAY,  do  you  know  that  I  have  plenty  of  good 
queens  all  ready  for  shipment  ?     If  not,  give  me 
a  trial  order,  and  I  will  prove  it.     One  and  two- 
frame  nuclei  a  specialty. 
2-o6tf  B.  H.STANI^EY,   Beeville,  Texas. 

CALIFORNIA 

Italian  Queens  only.  If  you  want  queens  for 
honey  gathering,  give  mine  a  trial — they  have 
made  a  great  record  in  the  sage  districts.  lean 
supply  from  one  to  r,ooo.  Untested.  $1.00,  tested, 
Ji  50;  select  tested.  J2.50;  breeders,  $>  00. 
2  06  tf  M.  D.  WHITCHER,  Los  Olivos.  Calif. 

yhlg^nt Afi*  Fancy  white  comb  honey  in 
"''^■■*^**"  non-drip  shipping  cases  also 
white  clover  honey  in  cans  and  barrels.  Please 
send  samples  and  state  yourlowe^t  price  deliver- 
ed here.  We  pay  spot  cash  upon  receipt  01 
goods.  GRIGGS  BROS.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


QUEENS. 


Northland  Queens:  awar  up  hen- in  the  north 
is  where  you  can  g-et  the  very  best  of  hardy  and 
prolific.  Rolden  and  three-bandod,  Italian  queens; 
none  better.  These  are  the  bees  that  w  11  g-et 
j'ou  the  honey  Untested,  7Sc:  tested.  $1.50:  of 
either  kind.  Send  for  price  list  and  descriptive 
circular.     Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

MENNIE&  FENTON, 
4-oc>-tf  Pine  Island,  Minn. 

From  Long-Tongued   Imported  Italians. 

Trial  (|ueen  dOc:  only  one  at  this  price.  Un- 
tested. 75c:  S7.50  per  dozen.  Tested.  $1.25:  $  2.00 
per  dozen.  Bn-eders.  $2.00  to  5300.  Send  (or 
particulars. 

E.  E.  MOTT,  Glenwood,  Mich. 

^VANTED  pure  yellow  Beeswax,  none  but 
pure  will  be  acce,ited.  Please  st«>te  your  lowest 
price  delivered  here;  will  pay  Spot  Cash  on  receipt 
of  goods. 

A.  R.  ko(;ert. 

69  Beekman  St.,  New  York. 


Bees  for  Sale 


65  colonies,  in  S-and 
lO-franii-  hives.  \\  ith 

about  5(1  half  stdiii--.  and  Novice  Houej- K.\l  ractor. 

$200.00  for  the  lot. 

4-(ii>-3t  L.  J.  BENJAMIN,  Clio,  Mich. 


A  COMPLETE  ESTABLISHMENT. 


We  say  that  we  can  supplj  everything  for  the  bee-ki-eper.  It  is  a  literal  fact.  Anything 
from  bees  to  books,  or  hive  to  honey- ioa-ds  The  completeness  of  our  factory  is  ii.)t  realized  by 
most  bee-keepeis.  Below  we  give  the  main  Departments  of  ou»- business.  Read  them  over  and  then 
we  are  sure  you  will  understand  when  we  say  everything  for  the  bee-keeper,  we  mean  it. 

WOOD-WORKING   DEPT. 

This  dep'irtinent  occupies  the  3  floors  of  the  main  building  of  the  factory.  It  is  equipped  from 
top  to  bottom  with  the  best  machinery  that  brains  can  invent  and  money  buy.  Every  detail  in  hive 
making  has  bt-en  figured  out.  Immense  sheds  coveiing  acres  of  ground  protect  the  lumber  piles  so 
that  shrinkage  is  reduced  to  almost  nothing.  That  accounts  for  the  accurate  fi  ting  and  clearness 
of  stock  of  Root's  wooden  wares.  The  entire  factory,  light,  and  machinery  power,  is  furnished  by  a 
great,  400  horse-powcr  engine,  and  a  100  horse-power  dynamo. 

WAX-WORKING  DEPT, 

We  are  leaders  in  buying  wax  and  selling  the  famous  Weed  Process  Foundation.  Our  Wax  De- 
partment is  lurnished  wi'h  tanks  for  refining,  machines  for  sheeting,  all  sizes  of  mills,  aulomat'C 
papering  machines,  etc.  Over  150,000  pounds  of  foundation  is  made,  boxed  and  shipped  all  over  the 
world  every  year. 

TIN  SHOP 

Here  are  made  the  thousands  of  smokers  that  bear  the  Root  trade  mark  of  excellence  Here  are 
made  the  cans  for  extractors  and  uncapping  cans.  Machines  for  cutting  honey-boords;  presses  for 
stamping  tin  and  iron  into  various  forms. 

MACHINE  SHOP 

Equipped  with  the  most  expensive  machinery  and  manned  by  skillful  employees.  We  make 
our  own  metal  parts  and  much  machinery  for  other  factories.  Powerful  iron  presses,  iron  cutting 
and  drilling  machines  are  in  evidence  everywhere. 

APIARIES 

We  have  scattered  in  and  around  Medina  5  apiaries  devoted  exclusively  to  bee  and  queen  rear- 
ing, supplemented  by  5  more  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Cuba,  and  we  control  the  product  of 
several  other  large  que^-n-breeding  establishments.  Our  queens  are  bred  with  scientific  care.  We 
test  every  device  we  make  before  it  is  introduced  to  the  public. 

SHIPPING  DEPTS. 

Two  railroads  run  their  cars  to  our  doors.  From  a  dozen  to  20  men  are  kept  busy  loading  and 
packing  the  176  to  200  carloads  we  ship  every  year,  besides  the  thousands  of  less  than  carload  ship- 
ments. Eight  express  trains  a  day.  With  large  warehouse  packed  full  and  a  great  factory,  it  is  a 
little  wonder  thit  Roots  have  gained  a  reputation  far  promptness  in  filling  orders  for  the  hundreds 
of  things  in  their  catalog. 

PRINTING  DEPT. 

Two  large  cylinder  presses:  3  platen  presses;  paper  folder,  trimming,  cutting  and  stitching  ma- 
chines; skilled  type-setters,  printers,  book-binders— all  help  to  turn  out  semi-monthly  the  large 
issues  of  Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture;  the  five  to  ten  thousand  ABC  books  every  year;  together  with 
our  400,000  supply  catalogs,  not  speaking  of  the  numerous  other  ca'alogs,  booklets,  labels  and  all  vari- 
etit  s  of  printing  Two  carloads  ot  paper  required  for  our  annual  catalog,  a  half  carload  for  our 
Christmas  Gleanings  alone. 

BRANCHES  AND   AGENTS 

Eight  branches  with  large  stock  in  all  great  centers.  Numerous  jobbing  agencies  and  hundreds 
of  Smaller  agents  place  our  goods  at  your  door  at  factory  prices,  wit  rt  freight  chargesand  the  time 
taken  in  shipment  reduced  to  the  lowest  \  ossible  point.  We  wonder  if  the  bee  keeper  ever  thinks  of 
the  many  hands  and  brains  that  plan  for  him  ?  Of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars,  and  the 
hours  consumed  to  make  and  deliver  his  supplies? 

OFFICE 

The  office  is  the  brain  of  the  factory.  Here  are  the  executive,  editorial,  advertising  and  book- 
keeping heads.  Here  the  thousands  of  details  are  cared  for.  Root's  office  is  as  modern  as  you  can 
find  any  where.  Six  typewriters  are  kept  busy;  adding  machine,  copying  machine,  vertical  letter 
files,  card  indexes,  etc.  — everything  to  care  for  the  half  million  dollars  worth  of  business  we  do 
yearly.  We  have  every  interest  of  the  bee-keeper  at  heart.  We  are  working  for  your  good,  for  your 
p.csparity  means  ours. 

The  Compliments  of  the  Season  to  Our  Friends  all  Over  the  World. 

Our  Catalog  for  1906  is  ready.     Write   for  a  copy  if  you  want  it  now. 

THE  A.  I  ROOT  COMPANY,  Medina,  Ohio. 


May,   1906. 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review 

PUBLISHED    MONTHl,Y 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  PubHsher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
PostoflBce,  Feb.  2,  1888.     Serial  number,  220 

Terina — $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
of  her  countries    postage  is   24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances — Tlie  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


Flint,  Michigan,  May  15,    igo6. 


Advertising  Rates. 


All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line.  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  aud  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
times,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  ir  times 
r/o  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  send  the  Review  with— 

Gleanings,  (new) ($1.00) |i  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)...(  100^ 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) i  .35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) i  .40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper  (  1.00) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Ohio  Farmer (  i.ooj 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) i     .50 > 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker f  i.oo) 1.85 

The  Century (  4.00) 4.50 

Michigan  Farmer f  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (  100) 1.75 

Country  Gentleman f  z-So) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Youths'  Companion (new) (  1,75^ 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  1.00) 1.90 

Siirrrm (  i.oo) 1.75 


National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association. 


Objects  of  the  Association. 

To   promote  and  protect   the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $1.00. 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Fromont,  Mich- 
Vice  President 
W.  Z,  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  Fkance,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasurei 


Board  of  Directors. 

Wm.  McEvoy.  Woodburn,  Ont. 
R.  ly.  Taylor,  l,apeer,  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C   AiKiN,  Loveland,  Colo 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville.  N.  Y 
E.  Whitcomb,  Friend,  Neb. 
Jas  a.  Stone,  Spring-field,  Ills. 

G.  M.  DOOLITTLE,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  HOLEKAMP,  St.  Lo'iis,  Mo. 

M.  H.  Mendelson,  Ventura,  Cal. 
C.  A   Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.   Wilcox,     Mauston,   Wis. 


MUS&SiM^MM^^M'JUMU'tJUMTlSi^WSitUa 


Names  of  Bee-Keepers 


n  XYPE    WRITTEN  B 

il  B 

The  namesof  my  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates), 
pnd,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  1  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  others  at  I2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  per  looc,  but 
I  now  ha^ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  $2.00.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possiblv 
in  the  adjoining  States,  can  be  accommodated 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona  46 
Ark....  82 
Ala..  .  80 
Calif...  378 
Colo...  228 
Canada  1200 
Conn..    162 


Dak. 

Del.. 

Fla... 

Ga... 

Ind.. 

Ills... 

Iowa. 


25 
18 
100 
90 
744 
1375 
800 


Ky 

Kans.. 

l,a 

Mo 

Minn.. 
Mich... 
Mass... 

Md 

Maine 
Miss..  . 
N.  Y... 
Neb..  .. 
N.  J... 
N.  H.   . 


182 

350 

38 

500 

334 

1770 

275 

94 

270 

70 

1700 

■345 

130 

.  158 


N.   C 6c 

New  Mex.  54 
Oregon..  109 
Ohio... 
Penn . . . 
R.  I..., 

S.  C 

Tenn . . . 
Tex.... 
Utah 68 

Vt 205 

Va 182 

W.  Va....i78 

Wash 122 

Wis 620 


I30t 

912 

46 

40 

176 

270 


W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Flint,  Mich. 


Honey  yuotations 

The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  by  the  North  Ameiican  Bee-Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  and,  so 
far  as  possible,  quotations  are  niade  according  to 
these  rules: 

Fancv— All  sections  to  be  well  filleil;  combs 
straiuht,  of  even  thickness,  and  hrmly  attached 
to  all  four  sides;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  I. — All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detsched  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  c'assified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white," 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  dealers  charge  only 
five  per  cent,  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


KANS.^S  CITY -Market  is  about  cleaned  up 
on  honey.  What  is  left  is  selling  at  $3.25  per 
case,  for  best  fancy  white,  amber,  about  2,sc  per 
case  lower.     Extracted,  is  low  at  5%  and  6c 

C  C.  CLEMONS  &CO,. 
May  8,  1906  Kansas  City,  Mo 


BUFFALO— Old  honey  is  dull  and  slow  at  any 
price;  no  new.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy  while, 
14c  to  I. sc;  No.  I  while,  12  to  i.^c;  fancy  amber 
IOC  to  lie;  .Vo.  I  amber  9c  to  loc;  fancj'  dark,  7c 
to  8c.      B::esw  IX  2Sto  32c. 

B.\rTERSON  &  CO., 
May  8    190'i.  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


C  H IC  AGO — The  su  oply  of  comb  honey  is  small . 
and  only  choice  is  being  asked  for,  which  brings 
i«c  per  pound;  No.  i,  15c,  off  grades  about  loc. 
White  extracted  at  6^c  to  -c,  per  lb  ;  amber  5^ 
to  6c      Beeswax   30c  per   lb. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 
May  8,  1906  199  So.  Water  St. 

NEW  YORK -There  is  some  demand  tor  comb 
honey,  mostly  for  finer  grades  which  are  selling 
at  from  13  to  15  cts.  Off  grades  not  in  demand. 
Extracted  in  fair  demand,  mostly  for  white, 
with  plenty  of  supply.  From  reports  we  are  re- 
ceiving, the  outlook  is  good  for  another  large 
crop  in  California  and  for  a  good  crop  in  the 
Southern  States.  Beeswax  firm  at  29  to  30c. 
HILDRETH  &SEGEL,KEN, 

82-86  Murray  St, 
May  8,  1906.  New  York. 


CINCINNATI— The  conditions  of  the  market, 
at  the  present  time,  are  not  encouraging  Honey 
is  offered  from  all  side.*,  at  prices  utterly  regard- 
less of  the  value  of  the  article.  At  the  same 
time,  all  indications  point  to  an  unusually  good 
honey  crop,  which  adds  in  making  it  a  drag  on 
the  market. 

We  offer  amber  in  barrels  at  5c  to  654c. 
Fancy  whitein  crates  of  2  60  lb.  cans  at  6"^  to  S54c. 

Beeswax  of  the  choice  bright  yellow  grade,  is 
wanted  at  30c  per  lb.  delivered  here. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
May  8,  06.  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


KANSAS  CITY-This  market  is  well  supplied 
and  demand  limited.  Beeswax  in  good  demand. 
We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white  $3  25  per  case- 
No.  I  white  $3.00  per  case;  No  i  amber  J2.75  per 
ca.';e;  white,  extracted  i^c;  amber  6c.  Bees 
wax  25c. 

WAl,KKR-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO 
May  8,  1906         423  Walnut  St  .  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


CHICAGO— The  trade  on  comb  honey  is  well 
over  for  this  season;  in  fact,  stock  exceptionally 
light,  of  fancy.  Extracted  moving  slowly  wilh 
lower  tendency.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
white,  i6c  to  i  17c:  No.  i  white,  15c;  No.  i  aml)er 
1.3c  to  14c;  No  I  dark  iicto  12c-  white  extracted, 
614  to  7c;  amber,  6  to  6y2c;  darn  5c  to  she- 
S.  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St. 
May  8,  19C6  Chicago,  111 


QUEENS. 


SAY,  do  you  know  that  I  have  plenty  of  good 
queens  all  ready  for  shipment  ?     If  not,  give  me 
a  trial  order,  and  I  will  prove  it.     One  and  two- 
frame  nuclei  a  specialty. 
2-06  tf  B.  H.STANI^EY,  Beeville,  Texas. 


CALIFORNIA 

Italian  Queens  only.  If  you  want  queens  for 
honey  gathering,  give  mine  a  tiial— they  have 
made  a  great  record  in  the  sage  districts.  I  can 
supply  from  one  to  1,000.  Untested.  $1.00,  tested, 
$1.50;  select  tested.  I2.50;  breeders,  $5.00. 
2  06  tf  M.  D.  WHITCHER,  Los  Olivos.  Calif. 


^AfMn^Afl'  I^ancy  white  comb  honey  in 
"^■•*^**"  non-drip  shipping  cases  also 
white  clover  honey  in  cans  and  barrels  Please 
s>  lid  sail. pies  and  state  yourI<  wei-t  price  deliver- 
ed here.  We  pay  spot  cash  upon  receipt  01 
goods.  GRIGGS  BROS.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


QUEENS. 


Northland  ».,)ui'en.':  awa.v  up  ht-re  in  the  north 
is  where  you  can  g^i  t  the  very  best  of  hardy  and 
prolific,  golden  and  three-banded,  Italian  iiueeiis; 
none  better.  These  are  the  bees  that  w  .11  gret 
you  the  honey  Untested,  7£c:  tested,  51.5(1:  of 
I'ither  kind.  Send  for  price  list  and  descriptive 
circular.     Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

MENNIE&  FENTON, 
4-ix>-tf  Pine  Island,  Minn. 


From  Long-Tongued   Imported  Italians. 

Trial  i|ueen  f)(ic:  only  one  at  this  price,  tin- 
tested,  "Sc;  ^i. 50  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25:  S12.tKt 
per  dozen.  Breeders.  $2.00  to  $3  00.  Send  lor 
particulars. 

E.  E.  MOTT,  Qlenwood,  Mich. 


Bees  for  Sale 


65  colonies,  in  8-and 
10-franie  hives,  with 

about  50  half  stories,  and  Novice  Honey  Kx tractor. 

$200.0(»  for  the  lot. 

4-(H.-3i  L.  J.  BENJAMIN,  Clio,  Mich. 


SWARMING  DONE 
AWAY  WITH 


In  addition  to  continuing^  tlie  several  interesting^  arti- 
cles by  Alexander,  and  other  noted  contributors,  which  are 
run  in  GLEANINGS  IN  BEE  CULTURE,  the  publishers 
announce  as  a  special  feature  for  the  remaining-  issues  of 
the  year,  a  series  of  articles  on  the  CONTROL  OF 
SWARMING  FOR  COMB  HONEY  PRODUCTION. 
These  by  bee-keepers  who  have  experimented  to  the  point 
where  experimenting  is  done,  and  the  crown  of  success 
has  been  awarded. 

If  you  have  not  seen  the  first  installment  of  this  series, 
send  in  j'our  name  for  a  three  number  trial  subscription, 
which  will  be  given  free  of  charge.  The  April  15th,  May 
1st,  and  May  15th  numbers  will  be  mailed  to  you,  and  by 
June,  you  will  undoubtedly  be  so  interested,  you  will 
want  to  take  a  six  months  subscription  at  least.  The 
special  price  for  which  will  be  25c. 

If  you  choose  to  remit  at  once,  make  your  request  for 
the  above  numbers  in  addition  to  the  regular  issues  for  six 
months  beginning  June  1st,  and  we  will  send  them  free. 

GLEANINGS  IN  BEE  CULTURE, 
Medina,  Ohio. 


June,   1906. 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review 

PUBLISHED    MONTHI^Y 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Publisher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
Postoffice,  Feb.  2,  1888.    Serial  number,  221 

terms — $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries    postage  is   24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances — The  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  tiotice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be   complied  with. 

Flint,  Michigan,  June   15,  igo6. 


Advertising  Rates. 


All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line,  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  aud  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
times,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  ir  times 
50  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  Send  the  Review  with — 

Gleanings,  (new) ($i-oo) $1  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)...(  100) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) i  .35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper      (   i.oo) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (   i.oo) 1.75 

Ohio  Farmer (  1.00) 1.75 

Farm  Joiirnal  (Phila) (     .50) 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker f  1.00) 1.85 

The  Century (  4.00) 4.50 

Michigan  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (  i  00) 1.75 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Youths'  Companion (new) (  1.75) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  1.00) 1.90 

SucccM (  I.oo) 1.75 


National  Bee-Keepers* 
Association. 


Objects  of  the  Association. 

To   promote  and   protect  the    interests  of  its 
members. 

To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $1.00, 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton.  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Fremont.  Mich. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N,  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasure! 

Board  of  Directors, 

Wm.  McEvoy.  Woodburn,  Ont. 
R.  L,.  Taylor,  L,apeer,  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C   AiKiN,  IvOveland,  Colo 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville,  N.  Y 
E.  Whitcomb,  Friend,  Neb. 
Jas.  A.  Stone,  Spring-field.  Ills. 

G.  M.  DooLiTTLE,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  Holekamp   St.  I,o"is,  Mo. 

M.  H.  Mendelson,  Ventura,  Cal. 
C.  A   Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.    Wilcox,     Mauston,   Wis. 


i  Names  of  Bee-Keepers  i 

ia  TV  RE    NA/RITTEN  B 

13  B 

The  namesof  my  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates), 
pnd,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  others  at  $2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  per  looc,  but 
I  now  ha^ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  $2.00.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  States,  can  be  accommodatea 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona 
Ark...  . 
Ala..   . 
Calif. 
Colo., 
Canada  1200 
Conn..    162 


378 
228 


Dak..  . 
Del... 
Fla.... 

Ga 

Ind.... 
Ills.... 
Iowa.. 


25 
18 
100 
90 
744 
"375 
800 


Ky 

Kans.. 

l,a 

Mo 

Minn .. 
Mich. .. 
Mai-s.. . 

Md 

Maine 
Miss. .  . 
N.  Y... 

Neb 

N.  J.     . 
N.   H.    .. 

W.  Z.  HUTC 


182  N.    C 60 

350  New  Mex.  54 

38  Oregon . .   109 

500  Ohio...     130C 

334  Penn 912 

1770  R.  1 46 

275  S.  C 40 

94  Tenn 176 

270  Tex 270 

70  Utah 68 

1 700  Vt 205 

.^4S  Va 182 

130  W.  Va....i78 

158  Wash....  123 

Wis 620 

HINSON.  Flint,  MicV. 


Honey  yuotations 

The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  bj'  the  North  American  Bee-Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  and,  so 
far  as  possible,  quotations  are  niade  according  to 
these  rules: 

Fancy— All  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
straight,  of  even  thickness,  and  hrmly  attached 
to  all  four  sidf s;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  I.— All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detpched  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  classified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white,"' 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  dealers  charge  only 
five  per  cent,  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


KANSaS  city— Market  is  about  cleaned  up 
on  honey.  What  is  left  is  selling  at  I3.25  per 
case,  for  best  fancy  white,  amber,  about  25c  per 
case  lower.     Extracted,  is  low  at  5%  and  6c 

C   C.  CLEMONS  &  CO.. 
May  S,  1906  Kansas  City,  M  o 


BUFFAIvO— Old  honey  is  dull  and  slow  at  any 
price;  no  new.  \Te  quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white, 
14c  to  i.sc;  No.  I  white,  12  to  13c;  fancy  amber 
IOC  to  lie;  No.  I  amber  9c  to  loc;  fancy  dark,  "c 
to  8c.      Beeswax  28to  32c. 

BATTERSON  &  CO., 
May  8    1906.  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


CHICAGO— The  supply  of  comb  honey  is  small, 
and  only  choice  is  being  asked  for,  which  brings 
iiiC  per  pound;  No.  i,  15c,  off  grades  about  10c. 
White  extracted  at  654c  to  7c,  per  lb. ;  amber  5^ 
to  6c.     Beeswax  30c  per  lb. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 
June  5  1906  199  So.  Water  St. 


NEW  YORK— There  is  some  demand  tor  comb 
honey,  mostly  for  finer  grades  which  are  selling 
at  from  13  to  iscts.  Off  grades  not  in  demand. 
Extracted  in  fair  demand,  mostly  for  white, 
with  plenty  of  supply.  From  reports  we  are  re- 
ceiving, the  outlook"  is  good  for  another  large 
crop  in  California  and  for  a  good  crop  in  the 
Southern  Stales.  Beeswax  firm  at  29  to  30c. 
HILDRETH  &  .^KGELKEN, 

82-86  Murray  St, 
May  8,  1906.  New  York. 


CINCINNATI— The  conditions  of  the  market, 
at  the  present  time,  are  not  encouraging.  Honey 
is  offered  from  all  sides,  at  prices  utterly  regard- 
less of  the  value  of  the  article.  At  the  same 
time,  all  indications  point  to  an  unusually  good 
honey  crop,  which  adds  in  making  it  a  drag  on 
the  market. 

We  offer  amber  in  barrels  at  5c  to  6^c. 
Fancy  whitein  crates  of  2  60  lb.  cans  at  6^  toSJ^c. 

Beeswax  of  the  choice  bright  yellow  grade,  is 
wanted  at  30c  per  lb.  delivered  here. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
May  8,  06.  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


KANSAS  CITY— This  market  is  well  supplied 
and  demand  limited.  Beeswax  in  good  demand. 
We  (|uote  as  follows:  Fancy  white  J3  25  per  ca.se; 
No.  I  white  I3. 00  per  case;  No  1  amber  I2.75  per 
case;  white,  extracted  b^c;  aiuber  6c.  Bees 
wax  25c. 

WAI^KHR-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
May  8.  1906         423  Walnut  St.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


CHICAGO— The  trade  on  comb  honey  is  well 
over  for  this  season;  in  fact,  stock  exceptionally 
light,  of  fancy.  Extracted  moving  slowly  with 
lower  tendency.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
white,  i6c  to  I  17c:  No.  I  white,  i.sc;  No.  i  amber 
MClo  14c;  No  I  dark  iic  to  i2c- white  extracted, 
(>li  to  7c;  amber,  6  to  6^oc:  dark  5c  to  sV-c- 
S.  T.  FISH  &  CO.', 

189  South  Water  St. 
May  8,  1906  Chicago,  111 


QUEENS. 


SAY,  do  you  know  that  I  have  plenty  of  good 
queens  all  ready  for  shipment  ?    If  not,  give  me 
a  trial  order,  and  I  will  prove  it.     One  and  two- 
frame  nuclei  a  specialty. 
2-06  tf  B.  H.STANI,EY,  Beeville,  Texas. 


CALIFORNIA 

Italian  Queens  only.  If  you  want  queens  for 
honey  gathering,  give  mine  a  trial— they  have 
made  a  great  record  in  the  sage  districts.  I  can 
supply  from  one  to  1,000.  Untested.  $1.00,  tested, 
51  50;  select  tested.  I2.50;  breeders,  $5.00. 
2  06  tf  M .  D.  WHITCHER,  Los  Olivos.  Calif. 


%A#Mnf  Afl*  Fancy  white  comb  honey  in 
■■^"*^**"  non-drip  shipping  cases  also 
white  clover  honey  in  cans  and  barrels.  Please 
send  samples  and  state  your  lowest  price  deliver- 
ed here.  We  pay  spot  cash  upon  receipt  of 
goods.  GRIGGS  BROS.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


QUEENS. 


Northland  Queens:  away  up  here  in  the  north 
is  whi-re  you  can  jftt  the  very  best  of  hardy  and 
prolific,  g^olden  and  three-banded,  Italian  queens; 
none  better.  These  are  the  bees  that  will  get 
you  the  honey  Untested,  75c:  tested,  <1.50:  of 
either  kind.  Send  for  jiria-  list  and  descriptive 
circular.     Sa'isfaction  guarantied. 

MENNIE&  FENTON, 
4-oo-ti  Pine  Island,  Minn. 


From  Long-Tongued   Imported  itaiians. 

Trial  iiueen  ()0c:  only  one  at  this  price.  Un- 
tested, 75c:  57.50  per  dozen.  Tested,  $1.25;  S12.00 
per  dozen.  Hreeders.  S2.(H)  to  $3  00.  Send  for 
particulars. 

E.  E.  MOTT,  Glenwood,  Mich. 


Bees  for  Sale 


65  colonies,  in  8-and 
lO-frame  hives,  with 

about  .^(1  hall  stoiies.  and  Novice  Honey  Extractor, 

S200.00  for  the  lot. 

4-0(i-3t  L.  J.  BENJAMIN,  Clio,  Mich. 


-nS/ 


SWARMING  DONE 
AWAY  WITH 


In  addition  to  continuing'  tiie  several  interesting^  arti- 
cles by  Alexander,  and  other  noted  contributors,  which  are 
run  in  GLEANINGS  IN  BEE  CULTURE,  the  publishers 
announce  as  a  special  feature  for  the  remaining-  issues  of 
.he  year,  a  series  of  articles  on  the  CONTROL  OF 
SWARMING  FOR  COMB  HONEY  PRODUCTION. 
These  by  bee-keepers  who  have  experimented  to  the  point 
where  experimenting  is  done,  and  the  crown  of  success 
has  been  awarded. 

If  you  have  not  seen  the  first  installment  of  this  series, 
send  in  3'our  name  for  a  three  number  trial  subscription, 
which  will  be  givn  free  of  charge.  The  April  I5th,  May 
1st,  and  May  15th  numbers  will  be  mailed  to  you,  and  by 
June,  you  will  undoubtedly  be  so  interested,  you  will 
want  to  take  a  six  months  subscription  at  least.  The 
special  price  for  which  will  be  25c. 

If  you  choose  to  remit  at  once,  make  your  request^for 
the  above  numbers  in  addition  to  the  regular  issues  for  six 
months  beginning  June  1st,  and  we  will  send  them  free. 

GLEANINGS  IN  BEE  CULTURE, 
Medina,  Ohio. 


July,   1906. 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee- Keepers'Re  view 

PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Publisher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
PostoflSce,  Feb.  2,  1888.     Serial  number,  222 

Terms — $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances— The  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  up)on 
receipt  of  the  fir^t  n,etice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  heVwfehts  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  sOOn.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  shopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  requfest  will  be  complied  with. 


Flint,  Michigan,  July  15,  1906. 


Advertising  Rates. 

All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line.  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  givcu  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  aud  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
times,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  12  times 
50  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  send  the  Review  with — 

Gleanings,  (new) (|i.oo) $1  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)...(  100) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper  .   (   i.oo) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Ohio  Fanner (  i.oo\ 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) (     .50) 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker (  i.oo) 1.85 

The  Century (  400) 4.50 

MichigaTi  Farmer f  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (  100) 1.75 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Youths'  Companion (new) (  1.75^ 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  i.oo) 1.90 

Success {  I.oo) 1.75 


National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association. 


Objects  of  the  Association. 

To   promote  and   protect  the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Mentbersbip  $1.00, 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton.  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Fremont,  Mich. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasurei 


Board  of  Directors. 

Wm.  McEvoy.  Woodburn,  Ont. 
R.  L-   Taylor,  Lapeer.  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C   AiKiN,  I^oveland,  Colo 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville,  N.  Y 
E.  whitcomb.  Friend,  Neb. 
Jas.  A.  Stone.  Springfield.  Iil<=. 

G.  M.  Doolittle,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  HOLEKAMP   St.  Lo"is,  Mo. 

M.  H.  Mendelson,  Ventura,  Cal. 
C.  A    Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.   Wilcox.     Mauston,  Wis. 


I  Names  of  Bee-Keepers  I 

m  TYPE    NA/RIT-TEIN  B 

The  namesof  my  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates). 
end,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  others  at  I2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  per  looc,  but 
I  now  ha^'ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  f2.oo.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  States,  can  be  accommodatefl 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona  46 
Ark....  82 
Ala..  .  80 
Calif...  378 
Colo...  228 
Canada  1200 
Conn..  162 
Dak... 
Del.. .. 
Fla.... 
Ga.... 
Ind.... 
Ills.... 
Iowa.. 


25 

18 

100 

90 

744 
1375 
800 


Ky 

Kans.. 

La 

Mo 

Minn .. 
Mich. .. 
Mass.. . 

Md 

Maine 
Miss.. . 
N.  Y... 
Neb..  .. 
N.  J.... 
N.   H.    . 


182 

350 

38 

500 

334 
1770 

275 
91 

2/0 

70 

1700 

■  ■  345 

■  130 
..158 


N.    C 60 

New  Mex.  54 
Oregon..  109 
Ohio... 
Penn .. . 
R.  I.... 

S.  C 

Tenn..., 

Tex 

Utah 68 

Vt 205 

Va 182 

W.  Va....i78 

Wash 122 

Wis 620 


130C 

912 

46 

40 

176 

2'70 


W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Flint,  Mich. 


Honey  yuotations 

Association  at  the  Washington  meeting,  an  i,  so 
far  as  possible,  quotations  are  n.ade  according  to 
these  rules:  * 

^tLl^ui''~f'^^  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
f^o  w  '  "^S^en  thickness,  and  firmly  attached 
toallfoursirirs;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoilfd 
-^A''^'■f,"*''*'"  °r  otherwise:  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  I.— All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detached  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
I^  i-,^^K  '^^  '*  ""sealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soilcd  by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  classified 

«nH°Ho"i^  '°  ^°'?r-  "S>"g  the  terms  white,  amber 

"M  ^'■^-    ?  "*'  '^'  "^^'■«  "'•I'  »^e  -fancy  White, - 
No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  °he  gro- 
cers.  l^rom  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission— the  baiance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ttn 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  dealers   charge  only 

.11  P^i;  '^^'i'-  Y^^"  ^  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


ho^^y^hM^lL^ -■'^"^''^t  ""  fancy  white  comb 

.s;^t^?/.;:-;/^-dn^^o^re^^;^^^^ 

t'oTc'p^eMb'""""^    >H,,Jo.d   sXng'at^rj^ 
T„,  C   C.  CI,EMO.\S  &  CO 

J'">'-'9'90<'  Kansas  C.ty,  Mo 


in^  m'^^pf.c ''^y-^°"f*'^"«'"^  "'^'^  h""«"y  com- 
io^i  MlrW?'"''^^'^  for  light  crop  in  this  sec- 
tion.    Market  IS  firm  at  these  prices. 

r„Iv  ,^f  ^K^K-KkKWSTEK  GROCER  CO  , 
f"Iy  10,  19.  6        423  Walnut  St  .  Kansas  Cilv  Mo 


^iti^^^^    ^^^-'^^^  conditions  of  the    market 
fs  nff^r^/n  f "'  time,  are  not  encouraging     Honey 

Iss   of  th.  °'"i  ^"  ^^^'i  a'  P--"^^"  "'^"'y  regard^ 

less   of  the   value   of  the  article       At  the   same 

time,  all  ,ndic«tio„s  point  to  an   unusually  go^d 

tt",7ark°?;  ""'^^  ^^^^  "'  "-''-g  "  ^  <^r.Tot 

We  offer    amber    in    barrels    at    sc   to    6>/ic 

Re7.r''*'^f'l.^'^''u«  of  2  60  lb  causaf6}l°oS^c' 

Beeswax  of  the   choice  bright   yellow  g.adeU 

wanted  at  30c  per  lb.  delivered  here.        ^         ' 

Mav  s   ^A  "^"^  ^^^^  W-  MUTH  CO. 

May  8,  06.  51  Walnut  St..  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


BUFFAI,0-01d  houey  is  dull  and  slow  at  any 
prRe;noiiew.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy  while 
Mcto.,sc;No     I   while,  ,2  to  ,3c;  fancy^Tmbe^ 

n  «^°   'if=   No.  I  amber  9C  to  loci'fancy  dark    7c 
to  8c.      Beeswax  25to  32c. 


May  8    1906. 


BATTERSON  &  CO., 

Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


CHICAGO— Market  is  practically  bare  of  comb 
honey  and  while  a  Imle  sells  at  about  .5c  per 
pound;  for  the  best  while  grades,  there  if  1  ?iil 
volume  to  the  trade  Extracted  iii  some  demand 
flJn.  ^°  '^"^  S^""  "^  f^""  'h^  S'^eet  grades,  but  off 
flavors  are  about  unsaleable  at  5  to  51^  Bees 
wax  30c  per  lb.  ^ 

,,  ,  R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 

J"'y  9  '906.  ig.  So.  Water  St. 


NEW  YORK-We  still  have  some  demand  for 
comb  honey,  mostly  for  white  grades,  which  sell 
at  from  I,  to  14c,  according  to  quality,  a  very 
li.uited  demand  for  light  amber,  with  sufficient 
supply  and  prices  ruling  at  about  12c.  Extract- 
ed in  good  demand,  with  sufficient  supply  to 
meet  all  requirements  Some  arrivals  from  the 
South,  an.1  common  grades  are  selling  at  frrm 
50  to  58c  per  gallon,  and  better  grades  at  from 
bo  to  .65c  per  gallon.  California  .strong,  a^i^ 
white  IS  selling  at  from  7  to  y/aC,  and  light  am 
ber  at  trom6  tob^-.c  No  nearby  honey  in  the 
market  as  yet      Beeswax  steadv  at  30c  per  lb 

HIl^DRETH  &  stGEi;KEN. 
I    ,  ,  82-86  Murray  St 

J"Iy  10,  1906.  New  York. 


CHICAGO— There  is  not   much  activity   up  to 
this   writing,  in   the    honey   mai  ket.     'I  Jo  earlv 

im  "^wA°''''>'  ^"'^  'll'^  '^'""P  "-y^y  '^'osely  Cleaned 
^^  \^l^  '"  excellent  position  to  take  care  of 

;.o^f  Tu  ^"^'"es'^'  Producers  of  comb  and  ex- 
tracted honey  do  well  to  keep  in  touch  xvith  us 
advising  what  they  will  have  to  offer  Earlv 
our'marke?'^  ^''^^^'  command  good  pricts  on 
S.  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St. 
J'-'y  9.  '906.  Chicago,  111 


QUEENS. 


SAY,  do  you  know  that  I  have  plenty  of  good 
queens  all  ready  for  shipment  ?     If  not   give  me 
a  trial  order,  and  I  will  prove  it.     One  and  two- 
frame  nuclei  a  specialty. 
2-06  tf  B.  H.  STANI,EY,  Beeville.  Texas. 


CALIFORNIA 

Italian  Queens  only,  if  you  want  queens  for 
honey  gathering,  g.ve  mine  a  tiial-they  havl 
made  a  great  record  in  the  sage  districts-  I  can 
supply  from  one  to  1,000.  Untested.  $1.00  tested 
|i  50;  select  tested.  $2.50;  breeders,  $5  00    ' 

2  06  tf  M.  D.  WHITCHER,  Los  Olivos.  Calif. 


Wanted:  ^^"^.'^hite  comb  honey  in 
,  .*■■■•*'*■■  non-dnp  shinnine-  cases  q1<.^ 
white  clover  honey  in  cans"^  and  ttels  Please 
ed'her^'^w  ^"^  "'^'^  your  lowest  price  dli^ert 
ed  here.  We  pay  spot  cash  upon  receint  or 
goods  GRIGGS  BROS.,  Toledo.  Ohio 


QUEENS. 

prolific.  «o.d. n  and  three-banded  taiianque^ns*? 
none  better.  These  are  the  bees  tha^^  l^lt 
you  the  honey  Untested.  75c:  test.-d  ^V"o-  of 
either  kind  Send  for  price  list  and  descripth" 
circular.     Satisfaction  truarant.ed.        '"^''^'^'•'t'^* 

MENNIE&  FENTON, 
^  *"'-tf  Pine  Island,  Minn. 


Q} ^ 


SWARMING  DONE 
AWAY  WITH 


In  addition  to  continuing^  tlie  several  interestinf;:  arti- 
cles by  Alexander,  and  other  noted  contributors,  which  are 
run  in  GLEANINGS  IN  BEE  CULTURE,  the  publishers 
announce  as  a  special  feature  for  the  rcmaininjif  issues  of 
.he  year,  a  series  of  articles  on  the  CONTROL  OF 
SWARMING  FOR  COMB  HONEY  PRODUCTION. 
These  by  bee-keepers  who  have  experimented  to  the  point 
where  experimenting  is  done,  and  the  crown  of  success 
has  been  awarded. 

If  you  have  not  seen  the  first  installment  of  this  series, 
send  in  your  name  for  a  tliree  number  trial  subscription, 
which  will  be  f^iv^n  free  of  charge.  The  April  ISth,  May 
1st,  and  May  15th  numbers  will  be  mailed  to  you,  and  by 
June,  A  ou  will  undoubtedly  be  so  interested,  you  will 
want  to  take  a  six  months  subscription  at  least.  The 
special  price  for  which  will  be  25c. 

If  you  choose  to  remit  at  once,  make  your  request  for 
the  above  i^^imibers  in  addition  to  the  regular  issues  for  six 
months  l)eginning  June  1st,  and  we  will  send  them  free. 

GLEANINGS  IN  BEE  CULTURE, 
Medina,  Ohio. 


August,   1906. 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review  }    National  Bee-Keepers' 

Association. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Publisher 

I^Btered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
Postoffice,  Feb.  2,  1886.    Serial  number,  223. 

Terms— $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  Stales,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
ofhftr  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances— The  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  rts  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  snbscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tiiiued,  will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
a-sstimed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


Flint,  Michigan,  Aug.    is,  1906. 


Advertising  Rates. 


All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line.  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  p)er  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  aud  upwards,  3  times,  20  i>er  cent;  6 
fimes,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  i:  times 
go  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  send  the  Review  with— 

Gleanings,  (new) ($1.00) $1  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)...(  100^ 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.40 

Rural  BeeKeeper  (   i.oo) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Ohio  Farmer (  i.ool 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) (     .50) 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker (  i.oo) 1.85 

The  Century (  4.00) 4.50 

Michigan  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer I   i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (  i  00) 1.75 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Youths'  Companion (new) (   1.75) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  i.oo) 1.90 

Success (  I.oo) 1.75 


Objects  of  tbe  Association. 

To  promote  and   protect  the    interests  of  it  1 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $1.00. 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Fremont,  Mich, 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasure-i 


Board  of  Directors. 

Wm.  McEvov.  Woodburn,  Ont. 
R.  1,.  Taylor,  Lapeer.  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C   AiKiN,  Loveland,  Colo 

P.  H.  Hlwood,  Starkville,  N.  Y 
E.  Whitcomb,  Friend,  Neb. 
J.\s.  A.  Stone;,  Springfield.  Ill's. 

G.  M.  Uoolittle,  Bori)dino,  N.  Y. 

R.  A.  HOLEKAMP,  St.  LO'MS,  Mo. 

M.  H.  Mendelson,  VetUura,  Cal. 
C.  A    Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.  Wilcox,    Mauston,  Wis. 


I  Names  of  Bee-Keepers  i 


TYPE    WRIXTEN 


ElE!EIISEiQE!EII^ElEi^QElE!E[IBEIBilEIIiEIBI5il3 

The  namesof  my  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ. 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates). 
?nd,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  others  at  I2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  J2.50  per  looc,  but 
I  now  ha«ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  |2.oo.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  .States,  can  be  accommodated 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona 

Ark...  . 
Ala..  . 
Calif... 
Colo 


46 

82 

80 

378 

228 


Canada  1200 
Conn..    162 


Dak... 
Del..  .. 
Fla.... 

Ga 

Ind.... 
Ills.... 
Iowa.. 


25 
18 
100 
90 
744 
1375 
800 


182  N.    C 60 

350  New  Mex.  54 

38  Oregon..    109 

500  Ohio...     130c 

334  Penn 912 

1770  R.  1 46 

275  S.  C 40 

94  Tenn 176 

270  Tex 270 

70  Utah 68 

1700  Vt 205 

..345  Va 182 

.   130  W.  Va....i78 

.  .158  Wash 122 

Wis 620 

W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Flint,  Mich. 


Ky 

Kans.. 

La 

Mo 

Minn.. 
Mich... 
Mass... 

Md 

Maine 
Miss.. . 
N.  Y..  . 
Neb.. .. 
N.  J.... 
N.  H.   . 


Honey  yuotations 

The  fol. owing  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  1  y  the  North  Anieiican  Bte-Keepcrs' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  an  ',  so 
far  as  possible,  quotations  are  niade  according  to 
these  rules: 

Fancy— All  sections  to  be  well  fillCii;  combs 
straivht,  of  even  thickness,  and  hrnily  attached 
to  all  lour  suits;  both  wood  and  conili  utisoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  ot  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  I. —  All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  det^'Ched  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soilcd  by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  c'assifitd 
accoriling  to  color,  usitig  the  terms  white,  amber 
ami  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white," 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  eiven  in  the  following  qviotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. Kroui  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
fi eight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commis.sion  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  d-  alerb  charge  only 
five  percent  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


BUFFALO— '=ome  really  fancy  honey  wanted 
now  to  sell.  Lower  grades  not  wanted  except 
at  very  low  prices.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
while,  14c  to  i.sc;  No.  i  white.  12  to  13c;  fancy 
amber,  loc   to    iic.      Beeswax  28  to  , •52c. 

BATTERSON  &  CO., 
.Aug  7    1906.  Buffalo.  N.  Y.    ] 


CHICAGO — There  is  now  offered  some  good 
comb  honey,  and  while  the  trade  in  it  is  not 
active,  it  is  taken  at  ific  to  i6c  for  fancv:  14  to  15c 
No.  r;  12  to  13c  for  fancy  amber,  and  8  to  loc  for 
fancy  dark.  Extracted  is  slow  rf  sale  with 
pinces  according  to  quantity  and  qualitj'.  White 
extracted  6V2C  to  7!/2C,  amber  5J4  to  6]4;  dark  5  to 
5^^.    Beeswax  wanted  at  10c  per  lb. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO.. 
Aug.  6  1906.  199  So.  Water  St. 


KANS.iS  CITY -There  is  nontw  extiacted 
honey  ou  the  market  as  yet;  and  receipts  of 
comb  honey  are  light.  Hair  demand  for  fancy 
winte  coml)  honey  in  24  section  cates  at  J^.oo; 
anil.er,  J2  75.  We  look  lor  steady  prices^  for 
some  time  yet.  While  txtiacted  at  5^c  to  6c 
per  lb.     Beeswax  2£,c 

C.  C   CLEMONS&CO,. 
Aug.  8,  i9o()  Kansas  City,  Mo 


KANSAS  CITV— Comb  honey  is  in  good  de- 
mand. Extra  ted  is  of  slow  sale,  and  prospects 
are  for  light  crop  in  this  section.  We  quote  as 
folluws:  Fancy  white,  14c;  No.  i  white,  i2Hc; 
fancy  amber,  12c  while  extracted.  5c;  amber, 
4J^c:  beeswax  20c  to  25c. 

WALKEK-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
Aug  6,  1906  423  Walnut  St  .  Kansas  Cilv,  Mo. 


CINCINNATI — We  are  receiving  numerous 
shipme-^tsof  comb  honey  at  the  present  time, 
and  find  ready  sale  here  for  fancy  and  No  i  at 
14c  to  15c  per  lb.  in  a  jobbing  way.  This  is  a 
poor  market  for  grades  lower  than  No    i. 

The  receipts  of  extracted  honey  are  normal, 
allhtugh  the  demand  is  not  so  gocd  as  it  was 
sixty  days  ago.  Nt  vertheless,  there  is  no  mater- 
ial change  in  prices.  Aie  selling  amber  in  bar- 
rels and  cans  at  5c  to  6^c  per  lb.  Fancy  white 
at  6^  to  S^c. 

For  choice  beeswax,  free  from  dirt,  we  are  pay- 
ing 30c  per  lb-  delivered  here. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
.'X.ug  3.  06.  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,   Ohio. 


CALIFORNIA 

Italian  Queens  only.  If  you  want  queens  for 
honey  gathering,  give  mine  a  trial — they  have 
made  a  great  record  in  the  sage  districts.  I  can 
supply  from  one  to  1,000.  Untested,  $1.00;  tested, 
$1  50;  select  tested.  $2.50;  breeders,  J5.00. 

2  06  tf  M.  D.  WHITCHER,  Los  Olivos.  Calif. 


NEW  YORK— The  market  is  nearly  bare  of 
comb  honey,  with  fair  demand.  Too  early  for 
new  crop  Eastern  honej-. 

Extracted  in  good  demand,  with  supply  mostly 
from  the  South,  and  California.  Beeswax  firm. 
We  quote  as  follows:  »  ancy  white  isc;  No.  i 
white,  14c;  fancy  amber,  13c;  No.  i  amber,  12c; 
white  extracted,  6'Ac  to  7c;  amber,  ^%  to  6c; 
dark  5  to  sHc  Beeswax  at  30c  per  lb. 
HILDRETH  &SEGELKEN, 

82-86  Murray  St, 
Aug  6,  1906.  New  York. 


CHICAGO— There  is  not  much  activity  up  to 
this  writing,  in  the  honey  maiket.  Too  early 
for  new  honey  and  old  crop  very  closely  cleaned 
up.  We  are  in  excellent  position  to  take  care  of 
your  1906  business.  Producers  of  comb  and  ex- 
tracted honey  do  well  to  keep  in  touch  with  us, 
advising  what  they  will  have  to  offer.  F;arly 
consignments  always  command  good  prices  on 
our  market , 

S.  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St. 
July  9,  1906.  Chicago,  111. 


XAI g^ntt^ti'  ^^'"^V  white  comb  honey  in 
■  ■rtlUCtl"  non-drip  ■••hipping  cases,  also 
white  clover  honej'  in  cans  and  barrels  Please 
St  nd  samples  and  slate  your  k.we^t  price  deliver- 
ed here.  We  rav  spot  cash  upon  receipt  of 
goods.  GRIGGS  BROS.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


QUEENS. 


Northland  Queens:  away  up  here  in  the  nort h 
is  whore  you  can  i?t  t  the  very  best  of  hardy  and 
prolific.  Koldtn  and  three-banded,  Italian  nucens: 
none  better.  These  are  the  bees  that  will  get 
you  the  honey.  Untested,  "fc;  tested,  $1.50:  of 
either  kind.  Send  for  price  list  and  descriptive 
circular.    Satisfaction  guaranteed. 


4-06-tf 


MENNIE&  FENTON, 

Pine  Island,  Minn, 


^ 


Five-Gallon   60-ib   Squaro 
Cans. 

The  above  cut  sinws  th  • 
favorite  package  for  shippinir 
extracted  honey.  There  is  no 
shrini<ag:s  and  consequent 
leaking-,  no  taint  to  the 
honey  from  wood  as  is  so  fre- 
quently the  case  with  bar- 
rels and  kegs.  The  cans  be- 
ing made  square  economize 
space,  ai  d  are  easily  boxed. 
The  J'  are  used  exclusively  in 
the  fa-"  West.  We  carry  a 
very  lari;e  stock  in  Medina 
together  vviih  stock  at  all 
branch  houses.  All  agents 
with -upplies.  Piompt  shir- 
mems 


Price  List  of  Square  Cans. 


No.    in    a 
box 


Capacity  of  each  can 


in  gallons. 


in  honey. 


Price  of 
1  box     t  10  boxs 


5-gaIlon  can  boxed 60  lbs. 


S-gallon 
1-gallon 
H-nallon 
/'+ -gallon 


No.  25  Jars. 


fe»- 


The  best  all  around  jar  made.  It  has  been 
our  leader  for  years  and  we  sell  them  in  very 
large  quantities.  Hold  one  pound  of  honey 
Thecoffer  consists  of  an  opal  cap  with  rubber 
ring  and  tin  s;revv-rim,  Packed  in  re-ship- 
ping cases  of  two  dozen  each. 

We  are  now  prepared  to  offer  No.  25  jars  in 
partitioned  cases  of  two  dozen  each,  ready  to 
reship,  when  filled,  at  $1,00  per  case;  ten-case 
lots  or  over,  at  95  cents;  fifty-case  lots  at  90 
cents. 

Honey  Labels. 

Write  for  sample  book.  Over  50  styles  to  sel- 
ect from.  In  large  and  small  lots  at  low  prices. 

A  Complete  Stock. 

Write  us  for  anything  needed, shippingcases, 
s  -'cf  ions. cartons,  etc.   Complete  catalog  free. 

Simplex  Jars. 
We  consider  this  the  handsomest  we  s^  11,  holding 
one  pound  of  honey.  Glass  screw-top  and  rubber 
gasket  fitted  to  the  taber  screw  on  jar.  which  seals 
absolutely  air  tight,  Prices  same  as  No.  25  Jar. 
Car  loads  now  arriving  at  various  branch  houses. 

Half  Pound  Tumblers. 

There  sei  nislo  be  an  increasing  demand  for  a  cheap 
tumbler  to  put  up  a  half-pound  of  honey  to  retail  at  10 
cents.  We  have  secured  a  stock  of  such  tumblers  at  a 
price  which  enabU'S  us  toofferthem  at  $4.m  per  barrel 
of  24  do/A-n.  This  is  less  than  iji  cts  a  piece-  For  less 
than  barrel  lots  we  cannot  repack  them  for  los^s  than  25 
cts  a  dozen:  or  we  will  put  them  up  3  dozen  to  the  case 
with  )>artitions  ready  to  res'hip  when  Riled,  at  75  cts  a 
case;  10-case  lots  at  70  cts. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,   Medina,  Ohio. 


I 


— fS 


September,   1906. 


Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review  I    National  Bee-Keepers' 

Association. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 
W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Publisher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
Postoflace,  Feb.  2,  1888.     Serial  number,  224 

Terms— $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances— The  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  tlie  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


Flint,  Michigan,   Sept.   15,  1906. 


Advertising  Rates. 

All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line,  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
times,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  ii  times 
50  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  send  the  Review  with— 

Gleanings,  (new) ($1.00) $1  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)...(  100) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  1. 00) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.35 

American  Bee  Keeper (    .50) •  -40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper  (  100) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (  1.00) 1.75 

Ohio  Farmer (  i.ooj 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) (     .50) 120 

Rural  New  Yorker (  100) 1.85 

The  Century (  400) 4-50 

Michigan  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (  100) 1.75 

Country  Gentleman {  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  40°) 4-i'5 

Harper's  Weekly (  400) 4.2° 

Youths'  Companion (new)  —  (  1.75) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  100) 1.90 

Success (  I.oo) 1.75 


Objects  of  the  Association. 

To   promote  and  protect  the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $1.00. 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Frfmont,  Mich. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasuret 


Board  of  Directors. 

Wm.  McEvoy.  Woodburn,  Ont. 
R.  t,.  Taylor,  Lapeer,  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C.  AlKiN,  Loveland,  Colo 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville,  N.  Y 
E.  Whitcomb,  Friend,  Neb. 
Jas.  A.  Stone,  Springfield.  Ill=. 

G.  M.  Doolittle,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  Holekamp,  St.  Lo'iis,  Mo. 

M.  H.  Mendelson,  Ventura.  Cal. 
C.  A   Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.   Wilcox,     Mau.ston,  Wis. 


i  Names  of  Bee-Keepers  i 

ia  -TYPE   \A/RiT-reN  B 

BBEiEiEiEiEiBIBEilQISSiBiBI6ilSEil53EiClEiEiEiEi 

The  namesofmj;  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates), 
end,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  others  at  $2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  per  1000,  but 
I  now  ha^-ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process.  I  can  furnish  them  at  |2.oo.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  S'ates,  can  be  accommodated 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona  46 
Ark....  82 
Ala..  .  80 
Calif...  378 
Colo...  228 
Canada  1200 
Conn..  162 
Dak.. 
Del..  . 
Fla... 
Ga.... 
Ind... 
Ills... 
Iowa.. 


25 
18 

100 
90 

744 
1375 

800 


Ky 

Kans.. 

La 

Mo 

Minn .. 
Mich... 
Mags... 

Md 

Maine 
Miss..  . 
N.  Y... 
Neb... 
N.J... 
N.  H. 


182 

350 

38 

500 

334 
1770 

275 

94 

270 

70 

1700 

.-345 

■   130 

.158 


N.   C 60 

New  Mex.  54 
Oregon . .   109 


Ohio. 
Penn. 
R.  I.. 
S.  C... 
Tenn. 
Tex.. 

Utah 68 

Vt 205 

Va 182 

W.  Va....i78 

Wash 122 

Wis 620 


130C 

912 

46 

40 

176 

270 


W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON.  Flint,  Mich. 


Honey  Quotations 


The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  by  the  North  American  Bee-Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  anH,  so 
far  as  possible,  quotations  are  n.ade  according  to 
these  rules: 


KANSAS  CITY-Demand  excet.l^  -„,,,„>•  at 
present  but  we  look  for  heavier  receipts  next 
week.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white,  24 
section  ca^es  at  $3.00;  No.  i  white.  $3  oo;  fancy 
amlHrr,  ;2  75;  white  extracted,  s^c  to  6c  per  lb 
Beeswax  25c 


Sept.  8,  1906 


C.  C.  CI^EMONS  &  CO.. 

Kansas  City,  Mo 


Fancy— All  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
straieht,  of  even  thickness,  and  hrmly  attached 
to  all  four  sides;  J>oth  wood  and  comb  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 


No.  I.— All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detached  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  lx)th  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 


In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  classified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white  " 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  eiven  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission— the  balance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  d<=alers  charge  only 
five  per  cent,  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


CHICAGO— The  recipts  of  comb  honey  are 
quite  large,  and  there  is  also  a  good  demand  for 
It.  so  that  prices  are  well  maintained  at  i';c  to  i6c 
per  lb.  for  No.  i  to  fancy;  anything  short  of 
these  grades  is  not  selling  freely  and  ranges 
from  ic  to  3c  per  lb.  less;  buckwheat.  12^20-  dark 
grades.  8  to  loc.  Extracted  white  ev-c  to  y'Ac 
amber  6  to  7c;  dark  5'A  to  6.  Beeswax  wanted 
at   30c  per  lb. 

R    A.  BURNETT  &  CO.. 
Sept.  8  1906.  199  So.  Water  St. 


Kansas  CITV— Honey  in  fair  supply,  de- 
mand limited,  account  heavy  Iruit  crop  Bees- 
wax slow  sale.  We  quote  as  follows:  No  i 
white,  I2!4c;  >o.  i  amber,  iic:  white  extracted 
6c;  amber,  s'/^c;  beeswax  20c  to  21c. 

WALKER-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO.. 
.Sept.  5,  i9c6       423  Walnut  St  .  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


BLFFALO— Come  really  fancy  honey  wanted 
now  to  sell.  Lower  grades  not  wanttd,  except 
at  very  low  prices.     We  ouote  as  fnllo^r.;-     a^^X., 


,.     -  .  We  quote  as  follows:     Fancy 

while,  14c  to   i.sc;No.    i   white,  12   to  13c;   fancy- 
Beeswax  2?  to  32c. 


amber,  10c  to   iic. 


Aug  7,  1906. 


BATTERSON  &  CO.. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


CINCINNATI— We  are  receiving  numerous 
shipments  of  comb  honey  at  the  present  time 
and  find  ready  sale  here  for  fancy  and  No  1  at 
14c  to  15c  per  lb.  in  a  jobbing  way.  This  is  a 
poor  market  for  grades  lower  than  No   i 

The  receipts  of  extracted  honey  are  normal 
although  the  demand  is  not  so  good  as  it  was 
sixty  days  ago.  Nevertheless,  there  is  no  mater- 
ia change  in  prices.  Are  selling  amber  in  bar- 
rels and  cans  at  5c  to  ej^c  per  lb.  Fancy  white 
at6l4toh'/ic. 

For  choice  beeswax,  free  from  dirt,  we  are  pav- 
ing 30c  per  lb- delivered  here. 


Aug  3,  06. 


THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
51  Walnut  St..  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


NEW  YORK— The  market  is  nearly  bare  of 
comb  honey,  with  fair  demand.  Too  early  for 
new  crop  Eastern  honey. 

Extracted  in  good  demand,  with  supply  mostly 
from  the  South,  and  California.  Beeswax  firm" 
We  quote  as  follows;  Fancy  white  i.sc-  No.  i 
white.  14c;  fancy  amber,  13c;  No.  i  anilier  12c- 
white  extracted.  S'^c  to  7c;  amber.  5>4  to  6c' 
dark  5  to  s^c      Beeswax   at  30c  per  lb. 


Aug  6,  1906. 


HILDRETH  &  SEGELKEN. 

82-86  Murray  St. 


New  York. 


CALIFORNIA 

Italian  Queens  only.  If  you  want  queens  for 
honey  gathering,  give  mine  a  trial— they  have 
made  a  great  record  in  the  sage  districts.  I  can 
supply  from  one  to  i.ooo.  Untested,  $1.00;  tested, 
51.50;  select  tested.  $2.50;  breeders,  I5.00. 

2-o6-tf  M.  D.  WHITCHER,  Los  Olivos.  Calif. 


QUEENS. 


CHICAGO— Our  first  car  of  Colorado  comb 
honey  on  track  today;  double  deck  cases  We 
quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white  15^^  to  16c:  No  1 
white.  15  to  1554c;  fancy  amber.  14^  to  15c-  No  i 
amber.  13  to  14c;  fancy  dark.  i2'/,c;  No.  i  dark 
II  to  iii^c;  white  extracted.  6!^.:  10  7;  amber.  6  to 
6^i:dark,  5  tosJ^. 


Sepr,  4,  1906. 


S.  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  Sojth  Water  St. 

Chicago,  111. 


Northland  Ou.^ns:aviai  ui>  h<-n- in  thi- north 
is  where  you  can  ictt  the  very  best  of  hardy  and 
prolific,  Kolden  and  three-banded,  Italian  gueens; 
none  better.  These  are  the  bets  that  mil  jfet 
you  the  honey.  Untested.  75c;  te.sted,  $1.50;  of 
either  kind.  S.-nd  for  prio-  list  and  descriptive 
circular.     Satisfaction  Kuarant. .  d. 


'-<jtj-t{ 


MENNIE&  FENTON, 

Pine  Isfand,  Minn. 


Five-Gallon    60-lb   Square 
Cahs. 

The  above  cut  shows  th  ■ 
favorite  packaire  for  shipping 
extracted  honor.  There  is  no 
shrinkags  and  consequent 
leaking-,  no  taint  to  the 
honey  /rom  wood  as  is  so  fre- 
quently the  case  with  bar- 
rels and  keg's.  The  cans  be- 
ing made  square  economize 
space,  and  are  easily  boxed. 
They  are  used  exclusively  in 
the  far  West.  We  carry  a 
very  large  stock  in  Medina 
together  with  stock  at  all 
branch  houses.  All  agents 
with  supplies.  Piomptship- 
ments 


Price  List  of  Square  Cans. 


box 


Capacity  of  each  can 


in  gallons. 


in  honey. 


Price  of 
1  box       10  boxs 


5-gaIlon  can  boxed |  60   lbs 


5-gallon 
1-gallon 
5^-galIon 
K-gallon 


No.  25  Jars. 


The  best  all  around  jar  made.  It  has  been 
our  leader  for  years  and  we  sell  them  in  very 
large  quantities.  Hold  one  pound  of  honey 
The  cover  consists  of  an  opal  cap  with  rubber 
ring  and  tin  screw-rim,  Packed  in  re-ship- 
ping cases  of  two  dozen  each. 

We  are  now  prepared  to  offer  No.  25  jars  in 
partitioned  cases  of  two  dozen  each,  ready  to 
reship,  when  filled,  at  $1,00  per  case;  ten-case 
lots  or  over,  at  95  cents;  fifty-case  lots  at  90 
cents. 

Honey  Labels. 

Write  for  sample  book.  Over  50  styles  to  sel- 
ect from.  In  large  and  small  lots  at  low  prices. 

A  Complete  Stock. 

Writeus  for  anything  needed, shippingcases, 
s  ?ctions,cartons,  etc.   Complete  catalog  free. 

Simplex  Jars. 
We  consider  this  the  handsomest  we  S'-ll,  holding 
one  pound  of  honey.  Glass  screw-top  and  rubber 
gasket  fitted  to  the  taber  screw  on  jar.  which  seals 
absolutely  air  tight.  Prices  same  as  No.  25  Jar. 
Car  loads  now  arriving  at  various  branch  houses. 

Half  Pound  Tumblers. 

There  setms  to  be  an  increasing  demand  for  a  cheap 
tumbler  to  put  up  a  half-pound  of  honey  to  reta'l  at  10 
cents.  We  have  secured  a  stock  of  such  tumblers  at  a 
price  which  enables  us  tooffer  them  at  J4.00  per  barrel 
of  24  dozen.  This  is  less  than  I'i  cts  a  piece-  For  less 
than  barrel  lots  we  cannot  repack  them  for  less  than  25 
cts  a  dozen;  or  we  will  i)ut  them  up  3  dozen  to  the  case 
with  partitions  ready  to  reship  when  filled,  at  75  cts  a 
case:  10-case  lots  at  TO  cts. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,   Medina,  Ohio. 


!^%K..y,.^.5\ 


October,   1906. 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Keview 


PUBI.1SHED    MONTHLY 
W.  Z    HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  PubHsher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flim 
Postoffice   Feb.  2,  1888.    Serial  number,  225 

Terms — Ji.oo  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances — Tlie  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  he 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


Flint,  Michigan,     Oct.     15,   IQ06. 


Advertising  Rates. 


All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line,  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  ami  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
times,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  \~  times 
50  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  send  the  Review  with — 

Gleanings,  (new) ($1.00) $1  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)..,(  100) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper  (  100) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (   i.oo) 1.75 

Ohio  Farmer....  (   i.oo) 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) (     .jc) 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker (   i.oo) 1.85 

The  Century (4.00! 4.50 

Michigan  Farmer f  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer f  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (  i  00) ...1.75 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Youths'  Companion (new) (  1.75) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  i.oo) 1.90 

Success (  I.oo) 1.75 


National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association. 


Objects  of  the  Association. 

To   promote   and   protect   the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $1.00. 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Fremont,  Mich. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasuret 


Board  of  Directors. 

Wm.  McEvoy.  Woodburn,  Ont. 
R.  L.  Taylor,  Lapeer,  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C.  AlKlN,  Loveland,  Colo. 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville,  N.  Y 
E.  Whitcomb,  Friend,  Neb. 
Jas.  A.  Stone,  Springfield,  Ills. 

G.  M.  Doolittle,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  Holekamp,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

M.  H.  Mendelson,  Ventura,  Cal. 
C.  A   Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.    VViLCOx,     Mauston,   Wis. 


U^UUMUUaMauUU^'^iMaiSlM'MUUUUMU 


B 
B 
Q 
B 
B 
a  TYPE    NA/RIT-TEN  B 

m  B 


Names  of  Bee-Keepers 

TYPE    \A/RITTEN 


The  namesof  ray  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates), 
pnd,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  others  at  $2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  per  looc,  but 
I  now  ha^ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  $2.00.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  Spates,  can  be  accommodated. 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona  46 
Ark....  82 
Ala..  .  80 
Calif...  378 
Colo...  228 
Canada  1200 
Conn..  162 
Dak . .  . 
Del .... 
Fla.... 
Ga.... 
Ind.... 
Ills.... 
Iowa.. 


25 
18 
100 
90 
744 
1375 
800 


Ky 

Kaiis.. 

La 

Mo 

Minn.. 
Mich... 
Mai-s... 

Md 

Maine 
Miss..  . 
N.  Y... 
Neb..  .. 
N.  J.... 
N.   H. 


1S2 
350 
38 
500 
334 
1770 

275 
94 
270 
70 
1700 
■345 
130 
'58 


W.  7..   Ht'TCHINSON 


N.    C 60 

New  Mex.  54 

Oregon..   109 

Ohio...     130C 

Penn. 

R.  I.. 

S.  C... 

Tenn. 

Tex.. 

Utah 68 

Vt 205 

Va 182 

W.  Va....i78 

Wash 122 

Wis 620 

Flint.  Mich. 


912 
46 
40 
176 
270 


Honey  yuotatioas 


The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  by  the  North  American  Hee-Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  and,  so 
far  as  possible,  quotations  are  made  according  to 
these  rules: 


Fancy — All  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
straight,  of  even  thickness,  and  hrmly  attached 
to  all  four  sides;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 


No.  I.— All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detached  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel-stain  or  otherwi.se. 


In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  classified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white," 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


KANS.aS  CITY— Demand  exceeds  supply  at 
present  but  we  look  for  heavier  receipts  next 
week.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white,  24 
section  ca.-^es  at  $3.00;  No.  1  white.  $3  00;  fancy 
amber,  52.75;  white  extracted,  5 J/^c  to  6c  per  lb. 
Beeswax  25c 

C.  C.  CLEMONS  &  CO,, 
Sept.  8,  190b.  Kansas  City,  Mo 


KANSAS  CITY— Honey  in  fair  supply,  de- 
mand limited,  account  heavy  fruit  crop.  Bees- 
wax slow  sale.  We  quote  as  follows:  No.  i 
white,  i2^c;  No.  i  amber,  iic:  white  extracted, 
6c;  amber,  5^c;  beeswax  20c  to  21c. 

WAI^KER-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
Sept.  5,  1906       423  Walnut  St.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 


BUFFALO— "=ome  really  fancy  honey  wanted 
now  to  sell.  Lower  grades  not  wanted,  except 
at  very  low  prices.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
white,  14c  to  i.sc;  No.  i  white,  12  to  13c;  fancy 
amber,  IOC   to   iic.      Beeswax  28  to  32c. 


Aug  7,   1906. 


BATTERSON  &  CO., 

Bufifalo.  N.  Y. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  dealers  charge  only 
five  per  cent,  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


CHICAGO— Our  first  car  of  Colorado  comb 
honey  on  track  today;  double  deck  cases.  We 
quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white  !5'/^  to  i6c;  No.  i 
white,  15  to  15^c;  fancy  amber,  141/2  to  15c:  No.  i 
amber,  13  to  14c;  fancy  dark,  I2!2C;  No.  i  dark, 
II  to  1 1  ^c;  white  extracted,  6^i  10  7;  amber,  6  to 
6^;dark,  5  to  5^. 

S.  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St. 
Sepr,  4   I9r6  Chicago,  111 


CHICAGO— The  recipts  of  comb  honey,  are 
quite  large,  and  there  is  also  a  good  demand  for 
it,  so  that  prices  are  well  maintained  at  15c  to  i6c 
per  lb,  for  No.  i  to  fancy;  anything  short  of 
these  grades  is  not  selling  freely  and  ranges 
from  ic  to  3c  per  lb.  less;  buckwheat.  12J/3C;  dark 
grades,  8  to  roc.  Extracted  white  6'/2C  to  7Hc, 
amber  6  to  7c;  dark  5V2  to  6.  Beeswax  wanted 
at  30c  per  lb. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 
Sept.  8  1906.  199  So.  Water  St. 


NEW  YORK -Honey  both  comb  and  extracted 
in  good  demand,  with  sufficient  supply. 

Beeswax  rather  quiet. 

We  quote  as  follows;  Fancy  white  15c;  No.  i 
white,  14c;  fancy  amber,  12  to  13c;  No.  i  amber, 
i2c;  fancy  dark,  iic;  No.  i,  dark.  loc;  white  ex- 
tracted, 7" to  7{/ic;  amber,  ti  to  6}4c;  dark,  5^c. 
Beeswax   at  29c  to  30c  per  lb. 


Oct.  15,  1906 


HILDRETH  &  SEGELKEN. 

82-86  Murray  St, 

New  York. 


CINCINMATI — We  are  receiving  numerous 
shipme'tsof  comb  honey  at  the  present  time, 
and  find  ready  sale  here  for  fancy  and  No  1  at 
14c  to  15c  per  lb.  in  a  jobbing  way  This  is  a 
poor  market  for  grades  lower  than  No.  i. 

The  receipts  of  extracted  honey  are  normal, 
although  the  demand  is  not  so  good  as  it  was 
sixty  days  ago.  Nevertheless,  there  is  no  mater- 
ial change  in  prices.  Are  selling  amber  in  bar- 
rels and  cans  at  5c  to  6^2C  per  lb.  Fancy  white 
at  6H  to.S>4c. 

For  choice  beeswax,  free  from  dirt,  we  are  pay- 
ing 30c  per  lb-  delivered  here. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
Aug  3,  06,  51  Walnut  St..  Cincinnati.   Ohio 


THE  PREMO  FILM  PACK  ADAPTER 

Makes  vour  Plate  Canit-ra  a 
Daylight  Loading   Film  Camera. 

With  the  Adapter  you  carr.v  12  ex- 
posures in  the  space  required  for  one 
Plate  Holder.  You  can  tocus  on  the 
ground  glass  between  any  or  all  ex- 
posures. You  can  load  and  unload  in 
daylight.  You  can  remove  one  or 
more  films  for  development  before  the 
others  are  expos*  d. 

Prices  of  Adapters  are  3'/tx4K, 
$1.00;  4x5,  $1.50;  8x7, $2. 50. 

Write  for  catalog  explaining  the 
Premo  Daylight  System. 


^C^^'^'^S^S^^^S^^^Si^^^^i^S^^^^^^^^^^^'  ^j:^^^^::^^  .<^S^$^?^^  <^S^5^m- \^^^ 

I  % 

%  The  letter  produced  below  from  a  well-known  poultry  man  is  representative  of  hundreds        ^ 

^  of  unsolicited  letters  received   annually,  commending  the  Root   goods.     Whether  you  area        .f^ 

^  dealer  in  supplies  or  a  bee-keeper,  you  will  be  interested   in  what  Mr-  Rigg  says,   especially         %> 

y^  if  you  have  never  used  our  supplies.      In  this  letter  we  call  your  attention  to  three  points  : —        /<! 

%  1st:— Mr.  Rigg  could    get  along   without   GLEANINGS,  but   could    not    afford    to  do        ^ 

./^  so.     Neither  can  any  one  keeping  bees,  even  if  only  a  single  colony.                                                          ;% 

^  2nd:— In    purchasing  bees,  as  with  other  stock   it  pays   to  get  select  stock.     See  what         ly, 

y,  results  Mr.  Rigg  obtained  from  our  red-clover  strain  of  bees.                                                                     /'' 

'%  3rd— We  respectfully   urge  you  to  notici-   that  Mr.  Rigg  used   our   Danzenbaker  comb-        ^ 

^  honey  hive.     If  you  want  to  produce  fancy  honey,  this  is  the  hive  to  use                                                /4, 

%  * 

%  I? 

^  WHITE  WYANDOTTES                                                                                               HOUDANS                                 ^ 

'%  Lint  Brtd  Since   1897                                                                                                                                                         Line  Bred  Since  1874                                              ,^ 

^  Unapproached  in  5iu,  Style  and  Finish                                                                                                            Acknowledged  Sund&rd  of  Houdm  Excellence  in  Amcricft                ^\ 

%  .               r.                                     ^                                                                         % 

t  LeBocageFarm                         i 

%:  THOS.      F.     RIGG                                                                                          % 

%  % 

I  I 

y/i  Iowa  Falls,  Iowa, Aug.    29 .190.6 'y 

$.  $■ 

^  Tiie  A.    I.   Root  Co.                                                                                                                                         ^ 

\>  ^ 

if  Iledina,   Ohio                                                                                                                  % 

%  % 

<^  Gentlemen:                                                          ^ 

%  % 

%  Find  enclosed  draft  for  $1.50  for  which  please  give  me  credit       %; 

%  |> 

^  on  subscription  account  to  Gleanings,                                    ^ 

'%  .  % 

^  I  could  get  along  without  Gleanings,  but  cannot  afford  to  do  3o.           %, 

%  % 

^  Let  me  tell  you  of  the  result  secured  from  the  three-frame  nucleus         ^ 

#  i 

Z%  purchased  of  you.   This  was  received  here  l.Iay  23rd.   This  was  given           .% 

%  i 

'f4,  good  care  and  has  made  rae  64  pounds  of  surplus  honey  and  will  yet  have         ^-'- 


i 


i 


to  its  credit  nearly  32  pounds  more.  Is  not  that  good  for  a  "greenhorn"? 
But  it  was  all  on  account  of  the  worth  of  that  queen.   An  experienced 


ff- 


f 


%  bee  man  tells  me  that  this  was  an  exceptionally  good  queen.  T/hen  he          .f/, 

i  I 

■%  saw  the  immense  swarm  busy  at  work,  and  was  told  that  only  a  short  time       ■y^/, 

%  i 

>^,  before  it  was  only  a  small  nucleus,  he  remarked,  "Got  them  of  Root,  did        S, 


%  you  not?" 

%  I   give  full   credit   to  Root   and  the   queen.      I   cared  for   thepj   in  a 


S,  Danz  hive  according   to  Root's  advice,    and  got   the  usual  Root  results,  -A 

%  % 

■A  Yours     respectfully,  —  "^ 


^'  Our  early  order  discount  for  October  is  6  per  cent.    If  you  can't  make  up  your  specifica-  ^ 

%  tions  today,  send  along  your  remittence  ti>  cover  approximately  yourneeds,  and  claim  the  ^ 

^  discount,  and  let    your  order    follow  by  a   later  mail.     If   iou   want   goods   to  the  amount  of  |^ 

^  150.00  remit  us  only  $4().S0.    Other  amounts  in  proportion.    Claim  the  benefit  of  the  discount  ^ 

^  when  your  lemittence  is  sent.    Send  orders  and  remittences  either  to  our  home  office,  branch  ^ 

^  offices,  or  .iobt)ing  agents.  ^ 

%  Dealers  at  remote  points  can  not  always  make  the  same  prices  and  discounts  that  we  do  at  % 

%  Medina,  but  are  able  todoso  in  manycases.     Correspond  with  such  dealers  in  these  matters.  %_ 

%  s 

I  THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,   Medina,  Ohio.  % 

i  I 


November,   1906. 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review 

PUBI,ISHKD    MONTHLY 
W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Publisher 

Mntered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
Postoffice,  Feb.  2,  1888.     Serial  number,  226 

Terms — $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances — The  Review  is  sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  the  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 

Plint,  Michigan,    Nov.  15,  igo6. 


Advertising  Rates. 


All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line.  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  g  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 
6  times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
times,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  ir  times 
50  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  send  the  Review  with — 

Gleanings,  (new) ($1.00) $1  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)...(  100) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Progressive  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.35 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.40 

Rural  Bee-Keeper  (  1,00) 1.75 

Western  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

Ohio  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) (     .50) 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker f  1.00) 1.85 

The  Century (  4.00) 4.50 

Michigan  Farmer f  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer f  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (  i  00) 1.75 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine.  ..■ ...(  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (4.00) 4.20 

Youths'  Companion (new) (  1.75) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  i.oo) 1.90 

Success (  I.oo) 1.75 


National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association. 


Objects  of  the  Association. 

To  promote  and   protect   the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $1.00. 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.  P.  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Fremont,  Mich. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasurei 


Board  of  Directors. 

Wm.  McEvoy.  Woodburn,  Ont. 
R.  L,.  Taylor,  Lapeer,  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C   AiKiN,  Loveland,  Colo 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville,  N.  Y 
E.  Whitcomb,  Friend,  Neb. 
Jas.  A.  Stone,  Sprintffield,  Ills. 

G.  M.  Doolittle,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  HoLEKAMP,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

M.  H.  Mendelson,  Ventura,  Cal. 
C.  A    Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.   Wilcox,     Mauston,  Wis. 


i  Names  of  Bee-Keepers  I 

a  XYRE    WRITXEN  B 

H  B 

ElBEIElEIEIBEllSlEIQEiSEICIElElElElBEIElEIElElEl 

The  namesof  my  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates). 
?nd,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  others  at  $2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  per  1000,  but 
I  now  havea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  I2.00.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  States,  can  be  accommodated. 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona  46 
Ark....  82 
Ala..  .  80 
Calif...  378 
Colo...  228 
Canada  1200 
Conn..    162 


Dak 

Del. 

Fla. 

Ga.. 

Ind. 

Ills....  1375 

Iowa . .    800 


25 

18 

100 

90 

744 


Ky 

Kans.. 

La 

Mo 

Minn.. 
Mich... 
Maes... 

Md 

Maine 
Miss.. . 
N.  Y... 
Neb..  ., 
N.J..., 
N.  H.   . 


182 

350 

38 

500 

334 
1770 

275 

94 

270 

70 

1700 

■  345 

•   130 

.158 


N.    C 60 

New  Mex.  54 
Oregon . .  109 
Ohio...  130C 
Penn. 
R.  I.. 
S.  C... 
Tenn. 
Tex.. 

Utah 68 

Vt ..205 

Va 182 

W.  Va....i78 

Wash 122 

Wis 620 


912 

46 

40 

176 

270 


W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Flint,  Mich. 


Honey  yuotations 


The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  by  the  North  American  Bee-Keepers' 
Association,  at  the  Washington  meeting,  and,  so 
far  as  possible,  quotations  are  niade  according  to 
these  rules: 


Fancy— All  sections  to  be  well  filled;  combs 
straight,  of  even  thickness,  and  hrmly  attached 
to  all  four  sides;  both  wood  and  comb  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  cells  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 


No.  I. — All  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  det»ched  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 


In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  classified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white," 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  balance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  dealers  charge  only 
nve  per  cent,  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


CHICAGO— The  market  is  taking  honey,  both 
comb  and  extracted,  in  a  very  safisfoctory  way. 
The  price  of  No.  i  to  fancy  comb  is  15c  to  i6c; 
off  grades  ic  to  2c  per  lb.  less.  White  extracted 
754c,to  S;  amber  7c;  dark  6  to  6 '-4.  All  of  this  is 
best  quality.     Beeswax   30c  per  lb. 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 
Nov.  8  1906.  199  So.  Water  St. 


NEW  YORK— Comb  Honey:  Receipts,  will  be 
lighter,  bulk  of  honey  being  marketed.  We 
quote  fancy  stock  at  15c;  No.  i  13  to  14c;  No.  2 
white, amber  and  buckwheat  at  10  to  12c,  accord- 
ing to  quality;  fair  demand  and  sufficient  sup- 
plies to  meet  same. 

Extracted  honey  in  good  demand,  principally 
California,  and  strictly  white  sage  is  now  selling 
aty'Ac  to  8c;  light  amber,  at  7c;  and  amber  at 
6'Ac.  Extracted  nearby.  New  York  state  amber 
and  buckwheat  at  6  to  6^c,  with  fair  demand. 
Southern  in  good  demand  at  55  to  65c  per  gallon, 
according  to  quality,  for  good  average  stock;  7sc 
for  fancy.  Beeswax  finds  ready  sale  at  30c. 
HILDRETH  &SEGEI,KEN, 


Nov.  20,  1906. 


82-86  Murray  St, 

New  York. 


CINCINNATI— The  honey  market  is  rather 
quiet  at  this  date,  owning  to  the  market  being 
flooded  with  comb  honey;  selling  slowly  at  from 
14c  to  i6c.  Extracted,  amber  honey  selling 
at  from  5'^  to  6'Ac.  White  and  fancy  white 
grades  find  sale  ot  from  --^  to  x'^c.  There  is  not 
so  much  moving,  as  one  might  be  led  to  believe. 

Beeswax  is  dragging;  however,  we  continue  to 
pay  26c  and  30c   for  a  choice  yellow  article. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
Nov   3,  06.  51  Walnut  St..  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


KANSAS  CITY-The  following  prices  on  comb 
are  for  2-l-section  cases.  The  supply  is  light. 
Demand  good.  Market  bare  of  extracted.  .We 
quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white,  at  $3.25;  No. 
I  white,  $3  00;  fancy  amber  $3.00;  No.  1  amber, 
f2  75;  fancy  dark,  $2.50;  No.  i  dark,  $2.50;  white 
extracted,  y%c  to  8c  per  lb!  amber,  7  to  7^;  dark, 
6c.     Beeswax  25c 

C.  C.  CI.EMONS  &  CO.. 
Nov.  20,  1906  Kansas  City,  Mo 


KANSAS  CITV—There  is  some  improvement 
in  the  honey  situation  with  much  better  inquiry; 
the  market  is  considered  firm  at  quotations. 
We  quote  as  follows:  Hancy  white,  $3.00  to  $3.25 
per  case;  No.  i  white,  $2.73,  white  extracted, 
6^c;  amber,  sJ^c;  beeswax  20c  to  25c. 

WAL,KER-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
Nov.  20,  1906       423  Walnut  St.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


BUFFALO— Rome  really  fancy  honey  wanted 
now  to  sell.  Lower  grades  not  wanted,  except 
at  very  low  prices.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
while,  14c  to  isc;  No.  i  white,  12  to  13c;  fancy 
amber,  IOC   to   iic.      Beeswax  28  to  32c. 


Aug  7,  1906. 


BATTERSON  &  CO., 

Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


CHICAGO— Our  first  car  of  Colorado  comb 
honey  on  track  today;  double  deck  cases.  We 
quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white  15I4  to  i6c;  No.  I 
white,  15  to  I5^c;  fancy  amber,  14)4  to  15c;  No.  1 
amber,  13  to  14c;  fancy  dark,  i2Vi:c;  No.  i  dark, 
II  to  1 1 14c:  white  extracted,  6%  10  7;  amber,  6  to 
6^^;dark,  5  to  5}^. 

S.  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St. 
Sepr,  4.  1906.  Chirafo.  Ill 


THE  PREMO  FILM  PACK  ADAPTER 

Makes  vour  Plate  Canu-ra  a 
Daylight  Loading  Film  Camera. 

With  the  Adapter  you  carry  12  ex- 
posures in  the  space  required  for  one 
Plate  Holder.  You  can  focus  on  the 
ground  glass  between  any  or  all  ex- 
posures. You  can  lead  and  unload  in 
daylight.  You  can  remove  one  or 
more  films  for  development  before  the 
ot  hers  a  re  ex  post  d . 

Prices  of  Adapters  are  3Kx4^, 
$1.00;  4x5,  $1.50;  5x7, $2.50. 

Write  for  catalog  explaining  the 
Premo  Daylight  System. 


% 


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^-  IDlr.  Tough's  Letter  is  One  ot  Many  We  Could  Produce.  ^ 

j  THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,   Medina,  Ohio.  | 


December,   1906, 


Flint,  Michigan,  $1.00  a  Year 


Bee-Keepers'Review 

PUBI,ISHED    MONTHl,Y 
W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Editor  and  Publisher 

Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  Flint 
PostoflSce,  Feb.  2,  1888.    Serial  number,  227 

Terms — $1.00  a  year  to  subscribers  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Cuba  and  Mexico.  To  all 
other  countries    postage  is  24  cts.  a  year,  extra. 

Discontinuances — The  Review  is  .sent  un- 
til orders  are  received  for  its  discontinuance. 
Notice  is  sent  at  the  expiration  of  a  subscription, 
further  notices  being  sent  if  the  first  is  not  heed 
ed.  Any  subscriber  wishing  the  Review  discon- 
tinued, will  please  send  a  postal  at  once  upon 
receipt  of  the  first  notice;  otherwise  it  will  be 
assumed  that  he  wishes  the  Review  continued, 
and  will  pay  for  it  soon.  Any  one  who  prefers 
to  have  t  he  Review  stopped  at  the  expiration  of 
the  time  paid  for,  will  please  say  so  when  sub- 
scribing, and  the  request  will  be  complied  with. 


Plint,  Michigan,    Dec.   15,  1906. 


Advertising  Rates. 


All  advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  a  rate  of 
15  cents  per  line,  Nonpareil  space,  each  inser- 
tion: 12  lines  of  Nonpareil  space  make  i  inch. 
Discounts  will  be  given  as  follows: 

On  10  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  5  per  cent;  6 
times,  15  per  cent;  9  times,  25  per  cent;  12  times, 
35  per  cent. 

On  20  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  10  per  cent; 

times,  20  per  cent;  9  times,  30  per  cent;  15  times, 
40  per  cent. 

On  30  lines  and  upwards,  3  times,  20  per  cent;  6 
times,  30  per  cent;  9  times,  40  per  cent;  ir  times 
50  per  cent. 


Clubbing  List. 


I  will  Send  the  Review  with — 

Gleanings,  (new) ($1.00) |i  75 

American  Bee  Journal,  (new)...(  100) 1.75 

Canadian  Bee  Journal (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Bee  Keeper (     .50) 1.40 

Ohio  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

Farm  Journal  (Phila) (     .50) 1.20 

Rural  New  Yorker (  i.oo) 1.85 

The  Century (  4.00) 4.50 

Michigan  Farmer f  i.oo) 1.65 

Prairie  Farmer (  i.oo) 1.75 

American  Agriculturist (  i  00) ...1.75 

Country  Gentleman (  2.50) 3.15 

Harper's  Magazine (  4.00) 4.10 

Harper's  Weekly (  4.00) 4.20 

Youths'  Companion (new) (  i  75) 2.35 

Cosmopolitan (  i.co) I'go 

Success (  I.oo) 1.75 


National  Bee-Keepers' 
Association. 


Objects  of  toe  Association. 

To  promote  and  protect  the    interests  of  its 
members. 
To  prevent  the  adulteration  of  honey. 


Annual  Membership  $1.00. 

Send  dues  to  Treasurer. 
C.   P.  Dadant,  Hamilton,  111. 
President. 
Geo.  E.  Hilton,  Fremont,  Mich. 

Vice  President 
W.  Z.  Hutchinson,  Flint,  Mich. 
Secretary, 
N.  E.  France,  Plattville,  Wis. 
Gen.  Manager  and  Treasurei 


Board  of  Directors. 

Wm    McEvoy.  Woodbuni,  Ont. 
R.  1,.  Taylor,  Lapeer,  Mich. 

Udo  Toepperwein,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 
R.  C   AiKiN,  Loveland,  Colo 

P.  H.  Elwood,  Starkville,  N.  Y 
E.  Whitcomb,  Friend,  Neb 
Jas  a.  Stone,  Spring-field.  Ills. 

G.  M.  Uoolittle,  Borodino,  N.  Y. 
R.  A.  HoLEKAMP   St.  1,0'iis,  Mo. 

M.  H.  Mendel.son,  Ventura,  Cal. 
C.  A.  Hatch,  Richland  Cen.,  Wis. 
F.   Wilcox,     Mauston,  Wis. 


I  Names  of  Bee-Keepers  i 


TYRI 


WRITXEN 


B  B 

The  names  of  my  customers,  and  of  those  ask- 
ing for  sample  copies,  have  been  saved  and  writ, 
ten  in  a  book.  There  are  several  thousand  all 
arranged  in  alphabetically  (in  the  largest  Sates), 
pud,  though  this  list  has  been  secured  at  an  ex- 
pense of  hundreds  of  dollars,  I  would  furnish  it 
to  advertisers  or  _  others  at  $2.00  per  thousand 
names.  The  former  price  was  $2.50  per  1000,  but 
I  now  ha^ea  type  writer,  and  by  using  the  man- 
ifold process,  I  can  furnish  them  at  I2.00.  A 
manufacturer  who  wishes  for  a  list  of  the  names 
of  bee-keepers  in  his  own  State  only,  or  possibly 
in  the  adjoining  States,  can  be  accommodatea. 
Here  is  a  list  of  the  States  and  the  number  of 
names  in  each  State. 


Arizona  46 
Ark....  82 
Ala..  .  80 
Calif...  378 
Colo.,  .  228 
Canada  1200 
Cotvn..  162 
Da  v.. 
Del .. 
Fla.. 
Ga... 
Ind.. 

Ills....  1375 
Iowa . .    800 


25 

18 

100 

90 

744 


Ky 

Kans.. 

La 

Mo 

Minn.. 
Mich... 
Maes... 

Md 

Maine 
Miss.. . 
N.  Y... 
Neb..  . 
N.J.  .. 
N.  H 


182 

350 

38 

500 

334 
1770 

275 

94 

270 

70 

1700 

•  345 

130 

..158 


N.    C 60 

New  Mex.  54 
Oregon..  109 
Ohio... 
Penn.. , 
R.  I..., 

S.  C 

Tenn... 

Tex 

Utah 68 

Vt 205 

Va 182 

W.  Va....i78 

Wash 122 

Wis 620 


130C 

912 

46 

40 

176 

270 


W.  Z.  HUTCHINSON,  Flint,  Mieh. 


Honey  yuotations 


The  following  rules  for  grading  honey  were 
adopted  hj' the  North  Anie  i;ati  B -e-K.ee pers' 
Association,  at  the  Wasiiington  meeting,  an  1,  so 
far  as  p  issible,  qnotitions  are  niade  according  to 
these  rules: 

Fancy — All  sections  to  be  well  fiUei;  combs 
straight,  of  even  thickness,  and  hrmiy  attached 
to  all  four  sidfs;  both  wood  and  como  unsoiled 
by  travel-stain  or  otherwise;  all  the  eels  sealed 
except  the  row  of  cells  next  the  wood. 

No.  I. — .^11  sections  well  filled,  but  combs  un- 
even or  crooked,  detached  at  the  bottom,  or  with 
but  few  cells  unsealed;  both  wood  and  comb  un- 
soiled by  travel-stain  or  otherwise. 

In  addition  to  this  the  honey  is  to  be  c'assified 
according  to  color,  using  the  terms  white,  amber 
and  dark.  That  is,  there  will  be  "fancy  white," 
"No.  I,  dark,"  etc. 


The  prices  given  in  the  following  quotations 
are  those  at  which  the  dealers  sell  to  the  gro- 
cers. From  these  prices  must  be  deducted 
freight,  cartage  and  commission — the  baance 
being  sent  to  the  shipper.  Commission  is  ten 
per  cent  ;  except  that  a  few  dealers  charge  only 
five  per  cent,  when  a  shipment  sells  for  as  much 
as  one  hundred  dollars. 


CHICAGO— There  is  the  usual  dullness  in  the 
honey  trade  at  this  date  owing  to  most  of  the  re- 
tailers having  stocked  up  sufficiently  to  carry 
them  over  the  holidays;  but  the  stocks  in  the 
hunds  of  the  trade  generally  are  below  the  nor- 
mal; hence  prices  are  firm  at  15c  to  i6c  for  No.  i 
to  fancy  white  comb,  with  off  grades  at  ic  to  2c 
less;  amber  grades  dull  at  loc  to  I2C.  Extracted 
white  firm  at  8c  for  clover  and  basswood;  ambers 
654c  to  754  per  lb.     Beeswax  30c  per  lb, 

R.  A.  BURNETT  &  CO., 
Dec.  7,  1906.  199  So.  Water  St. 


NEW  YORK— There  is  a  good  demand  for 
Comb,  also  for  extracted,  all  grades.  Prices  are 
firm,  and  likely  to  continue  so.  We  quote  as 
follows:  Fancy  white  15  c:  No.  i  white  14c:  fancy 
amber  12c  to  13c;  fancy  dark  10c  to  iic:  No.  i 
dark  loc;  wh  te  extracted  y]4c  to  8c:  amber  ex- 
tracted 7c  to  7'/2C:  dark  extracted  6}4c  to  7c:  bees- 
wax 30c  to  31c. 

HII.DRETH  &SEGEI.KEN, 

82-86  Murray  St, 
Dec.  14,  1906.  New  York. 


CINCINNATI— The  honey  market  is  in  a 
healthy  condition,  particularly  for  extracted 
honey  the  demand  being  better  than  one  year 
ago.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  excitement 
among  those  holders  who  are  trying  to  inflate  the 
prices.  We  quote  amber  extracted  honey  in  bar- 
rels at  6c  to  7c,  according  to  the  quality.  Fanoy 
table  honey  in  barrels  and  60  lb.  cans,  at  8c  to  9c. 

The  demand  for  comb  honey  has  decreased 
somewhat,  owing  to  the  season  of  the  year  when 
the  sale  of  that  article  suffers.  We  ofTer  fancy 
comb  honey  in  a  wholesale  way  at  15c  to  i6c. 
(The  above  are  our  selling  prices.) 

For  ch<  ice,  yellow  bees  wax,  we  are  paying 
30c  per  pound,  delivered  here. 

THE  FRED  W.  MUTH  CO. 
Dec.  7,  06.  51  Walnut  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


KANS.\S  CITY -The  following  prices  on  comb 
are  for  2^1-section  cases,  The  supply  is  light. 
Demand  good.  Market  bare  of  extracted.  We 
quote  as  follows:  Fancy  while,  at  $3.25;  No. 
I  white,  $3  00;  fancy  amber  $2.75;  No.  i  amber, 
j2  75;  fancy  dark,  $2  50;  No  1  dark,  $2  50;  white 
extracted,  7c  to  -J^c  per  lb:  amber,  6  to  6^;  dark, 
6c.     Beeswax  27c 

C.  C.  CIvEMONS  &  CO,, 
Dec.  12,  1906  Kansas  City,  Mo 


KANSASCITV— There  is  some  improvement 
in  the  honey  situation  with  much  better  inquiry; 
the  market  is  considered  firm  at  quotations. 
We  quote  as  follows:  ^  ancy  white,  $3.00  to  I3.25 
per  ca.se;  No.  i  white,  $2.75,  white  extracted, 
6J4c;  amber,  514c:  beeswax  20c  to  25c. 

WAL,KER-BREWSTER  GROCER  CO., 
Nov.  20,  1906       423  Walnut  St.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 


BUFFAI,0— «5ome  really  fancy  honey  wanted 
now  to  sell.  L,ower  grades  not  wanted,  except 
at  very  low  prices.  We  quote  as  follows:  Fancy 
while,  14c  to  i.sc;  No.  i  while,  12  to  13c;  fancy 
amber,  IOC   to   lie.      Beeswax  28  to  32c. 


Aug  7,  1906. 


BATTERSON  &  CO., 

BufTalo.  N.  Y. 


CHICAGO— Our  first  car  of  Colorado  comb 
honey  on  track  today;  double  deck  cases.  We 
quote  as  follows:  Fancy  white  15I4  to  i6c;  No.  i 
white,  15  to  1554c;  fancy  amber,  1454  to  15c;  No.  i 
amber,  13  to  14c;  fancy  daik,  i25'2c;  No.  i  dark, 
II  to  II  5^c;  white  extracted,  6 J/i:  to  7;  amber,  6  to 
654;dark,  5  to  514. 

S.  T.  FISH  &  CO., 

189  South  Water  St. 
.Sepr,  4,  1906.  Chicago,  111 


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Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture  Clubbing  Offers 

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World's  Work "      3  00    iPd     /o 

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Cassell's  or  Recreation *'      1  50         a      y  r 

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Metropolitan  Magazine "180         a      rr^ 

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Or  Scribner's 

American  Boy 1  yr.  $1  00 

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American  Inventor lyr.  $1  00 

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World  To-Day 1  y r.  $1  50 

Etude  (for  music  lovers) "      ISO        i     f\C 

R<  creation  or  Pearson's "ISO        O     ^O 

Century  Magazine 1  yr.  $t  00 

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Cassell's  or  Appleton's "150        /     ^J 

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Ainslee's  Magazine "      180  iP4  *■  O 

Home  NeedleworkMagazine  1  yr.  S    75 

Pictorial  Review "      1  00  o  (~\C 

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Good  Housekeeping lyr.  $1  00 

Cassell's  or  Recreation "150  /,  ^p. 

Ladies' World "         50  O  ^^ 

Independent 1  yr  $2  CO 

Musician "150  a  m^ 

Outing  maghzine "    3  00  4  /'-' 

Outd  or  News  (illust  -ated) . .  1  yr.  $2  <  0 

Hurr  Mcintosh "3  00  r  f^r\ 

Woman's  Home  Companion.     "    1  00  O  ^^ 

Little  Folks  (new  subscriber) $1  00 

Woman's  Home  Companion 1  00  n  A.  r 

Modern  Priscilla 50  ^  ^J 

World  To-day 1  yr  1  50 

Recreation  or  Pearson's "150  ^  .jp. 

Woman's  Home  Companion  .     '*    1  00  J  o 

Music  an  or  Etude 1  yr.  1  50 

Home  Mat  azine ''     1  00  ,,  /->,^ 

McCall's  Magazine "        50  O  ^^ 

The  Reader  or  any  class  B . .  1  yr.  3  OO 

Keith's  or  any  class  4     '      ISO  a  ^/-> 

Success  MHgazne "100  4  '-"-' 

What  to  Eat 1  yr.  1  00 

Harper's  Kazar "     100  n  ^^  r 

Pictorial  Review "100  ^  yj 

American  Boy 1  yr.  1  00 

Netional  Magazine "100  -  ^--^ 

Cassell's  Little  Folks "ISO  d  4^ 

Cassell's  or  Quiver lyr.  1  .'0 

American  Magazine ''    1  00  1  (\c 

Broadway  Magajine "150  J  ^J 

Children's  Magazine 1  yr.  1  00  ^  .-^-j 

Home  Niedle work   Magazine    "        75  ^  J^-' 

Burr  Mcintosh 1  yr.  3  00 

Scribner's  Magazine "3  00  f\  f\C 

Metropolitan  Magazine "     180  ^  ^D 

Suburban  Life 1  yr.  1  50 

McClure's '\    100 

Delineator "100  a  ^(^ 

World's  Work "3  00  4  d^ 

Suburban  Life 1  yr.  1  SO 

Woman's  Home  Companion..     "100  i  f\C 

Review  of  Reviews "3  00  O  ^D 

Suburban  Life 1  yr.  1  50 

World  To-day "150  o  oC 

Cosmopilitan "100  ■^  Vj 

Suburban  Lif»; 1  yr.  1  00  n  .jq 

Woman's  Home  Componion.      "100  "''  O^ 


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