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LIBRARY

OF THE

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1894>

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Jan,, 1894.

At Flir|t, Micl^igar|.~Oqe Dollar a Year.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

ADVEJ^TISING t^ATES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

Oti 10 lines and upwards, a times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; *l times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
+0 per cent.

On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with-

Gleanings, ($1.00).

American Bee Journal ( l.Od) .

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00) .
American Bee Keeper . . . {
Progressive Bee Keeper... (

Bee Keepers' Guide (

Apiculturist .

Bee-Keepers' Enterprise . . (

.50) ....
.50)...

.."50)

.75)

.50) . . . .

.$1.75.

. 1.75.

. 1.40.

. 1.30.

. 1.40.

. 1.65.

. . 1.40.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules :

Fancy.— 411 sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using ttie terms white, amber
and dark. Ttiat is, there will be " fancy white,"
" No. 1 dark," etc.

CHICAGO 111.— We are selling a little fancy
comb honey, but the market is very quiet. We.
quote as follows : Fancy white, 15; N<>, 1 white,
14 ; fancy amber, 13 ; No. 1 amber, 13 ; No. 1 dark,
10 ; white extracted, 6 ; amber extracted, 5i4 to
6 ; beeswax, 20 to 22.

J. A. L.\MON.

Jan. 2. 44 & 48 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, 111.— The market is quiet, as it
usually is at this time of the year. We quote as
follows : Fancy white, 15 ; No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ;
fancy dark, 10 to 12 ; beeswax, 20 to 22.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Jan. 2. 161 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO. 111.— The Chicago market has
plenty of honey, and 14c seems to be the outside
price obtainable. Any thing that will not grade
strictly No. 1 must be sold at 12 to 13. Large
quantities liave been sold, but the supply is at
present in excess f)f the demand. Extracted
finds ready sale at 6 to 6!^ for Northern honey ;
Southern, in barrels, 5. Beeswax, 22 to 24.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— The demand for all kinds
of honey is very light. We quote as follows :
No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; No 1 amber, 13 to 14; fancy
dark. 10 to 12: No. 1 dark, 10; white extracted,
7 to 7^4; amber extracted, 6; dark extracted, 5;
beeswax, 20 to "^2.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,
Jan 2. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn-.-The market is very

weak at present, but, evidently will be better

later on. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 16

to 17; No. 1 white, 15; fancy amber, 13' 2 to 14;

No 1 amber, \i ; fancy dark, 10 : white extracted.

6^4 to 7; amber extracted, 6 ; dark extracted. 5'/^.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,

116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Jan. 2.

NEW YORK. N. Y. -The demand for comb
honey has almost ceased, while the market is yet
well stocked. In order to move round lots, the
prices given must be " shaded." Extracted is in
fair demand, but the supply is abundant. Bees
wax meets with a ready sale at the prices given.
We quote as foUows : Fancy white, 12 to 13; No.
1 white, 11 to \i\ fancy amber, 11 ; fancy dark,
10; white extracted, 6 to 6}/^; amber extracted,
5V^ ; dark extracted, 5 ; beeswax, 26 to 27.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
Jan. 2. 28 A 30 West Broadway New York.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— The honey market is quiet,
stock on hand is liberal and trade light, except
on the second grade which is now moving off
more readily on account of the lower price.
There is also an excellent demand for buckwheat
honey of which there is a light supply. A liberal
supply could be handled here very satisfactorily.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 14 to 15 ; No.
1 white, 12 to 13 ; fancy dark, 10 to 11 ; No. 1 dark.
8 to 9; white extracted, 6 to 7; dark extracted,
6 ; beeswax, 25 co 39.

BATTERSON H: CO .
Jan. 2. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Muth's:;

HONEY EXTRACTOR
PERFECTION
>ld-Blast Smokers,

S^uzk^re GlAss Honey ^a^rj, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Ch.\s. F. Muth & Son,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee- Keepers.

l-93-tf. PleasK ffention the Reuieu.

Dec. 19.

8. T. FISH & Co.,
189 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars,
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

<9)

^IHTEH l^OSSKS

:©

•©)

Are not always the result of the same cause. They
may come from starva|ion ; from poor food ; from
improper preparations ; from imperfect protection ; from
a cold, wet, or possibly a poorly ventilated cellar;
etc., etc. Successful /wintering comes from a proper
combination of diiferent conditions. For clear, con-
cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all -im-
portant points, consult "Advanced Bee Culture."
Five of its thirty - two chapters treat as many different
phases of the, wintering- problem.

Price of the book, 50 cts, ; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HOTCHlNSOfi, Flint, JVIich.

HONEY

►upcrior Quality ; Price Low.

/Vbout the

NEW HIVE.

ri5K for He<l<Ion's Circul&rj. A<l«Iress
JpiS. HEDDO/S, Dowz^giz^C, /A'C*>-

Please mention the Reuiew

BEE SUPPLIES ;„Sw..

Everything used in the Apiary-
Greatest variety aud largest stock in t..e west.
New catalogue, 60 illustrated pages, free.

E, KRETCHMER. Reil Oal, la,

ention *he Rev

EE SUPPLIES!

1 Send for free copy of IL.t.XJST RATED

FCATALOGXIE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G-. BTe-wman, 147 So.Western Ave. .Chicago.

Doolittle's Queer? - Re2^rirj5 Free!

We have some of G. M. Doolittlo's " Scientific Queen-Rearing book (170 pages) in paper
covers, a copy of which we will nviil -PRE^ to the New Subscriber who sends us $1.00 for the
Weekly AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL for one year. This same book in cloth
binding sells lor f l.OO, uiit wo give co a New Sabsciiber one of the paper bound edition for
nothing. Order quick, if you want one. They will all soon be gone. A sample copy of the
■ i^ee .Journal " is sent free on application to the publishers.

GEO. W. YORK & CO., 56 Fifth Ave., ©Hczigo, Ills.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Sections!

$$■

'm
m

m
m
^,i

m
%%
m

M
m,

We have just comple-
ted several new and expensive automatic ma-
chines that will turn out sections that in point
of quality cannot he excelled. They are sanded
and polished on both sides, and are of an abso-
lutely uniform thickness from end to end.
Samples and prices in quantities on application.
Speak quick if you want to lay in a stock
of these fine sections, as our stock of lumber is
low.

1. 1. RO.T, Medina, Ohio.

Sections!

•outhern See-leepers,

• •

Wliy sc'iid W — A — Y out West for your Supplies ?
We cin furDisli thern as Jow ^S AN'if one, (quality
considereii) aiid sliip direct by water, whicli
means low rate^. We keep a large stock on hand
and fill o7ier8 proniptJy. Circulars on applica-

I. J. STRINGHAM,
lOJ Park Place,

NEW YORK CITY.
Special prices on foundation until March 1st.

i^lease mention the Rp.view.

Italian Queens

AND NUCLEI.

Five and Three-Banded, bred in separate yards
twelve mile-i apart. Warranted Queen-*, 75 ct-nts
each ; three for $2.00 ; tested, $1.00 Good's intro-
d icinf? cage sent extra with eich queen. Strong
Nucleus with warranted queen, 2- rame, for $2.(0;
a-trame for S2.50; 4 frame for $3 00. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. Special ' >' ices on large orders.
J H. CiUOD,
l-14-12t Nappanee, lad

r^'^;A(^-S of -^C Keepers Supplies.
lOR *»=— w^-,imEss\.iAWi Mfg. CO. HiGGiHsviLLE

M m

B AT THF XA/ORI n'<^ FA IP the porter bee escape ^

I MI inc. VVWr\L.UO rMin received the only award i Med- |

Q al pnd Diploma) given an escape. The most practical Bee-kee lers everywhere use and g

g recorr mend it as a great labor saving implement and as the be *t. Circular and testimonials ^

B free. %

S PRICES:— Each, postpaid, with directions, 20 cents; per dozen, $2 25, nnd YOI'R ^

g MONEY BACK IF NOT SATISFIED. Order from your deah^r, or. if more convenient, fe

^ from the manufacturers, R

B R. <& E. C. PORTER. Lewistown, III. e

m u

KriiiTniifni ^^Y
eepeps'

eViecu'.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to tlqe Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$1,00 A YEAR,

W. Z.riOTCHir*SOfl, Editor & Ppop.

VOL, VII

FLINT, MICHIGAN, JAN, 10. 1894

NO. I.

Work at HVIicliigan's

Experimental

Apiary.

B. L. TAYLOB, APIABIST.

(Eead at Michigan Convention.)

APIOULTUBAL WOKK AT EXPEfi-MENT STATIONS.

TF I appear to
X any to go into
devious paths in
a brief treatment
of the topic as-
signed me it is
owing to the lati-
tude which the
topic itself gives
me. And first I
ask, do bee-keep-
ers want it ? that
is do they want
thf.t sort of work at the stations ? I am
sometimes in doubt about it. I judge some-
what from the course of my own feeling in
the matter. Before I became connected with
the work and began to study into it I was
not inclined to esteem it over highly but now
if I were to express my thoughts and feel-
ings freely you would no doubt think me on
' the verge of the domain whose inhabitants
are called cranks. Such is the effect of con-
tact and acquaintance. Now while the great
body of bee-keepers has not the enthusiasm
which close contemplation begets yet if
, called upon they would vote pretty unanim-
ously in favor of the work.

Then the question suggests itself why
would they vote for it ?

Provision has been made by the general
government by which the agricultural col-
lege of each State is to receive annually a
certain sum of money to be devoted to the
support of an experiment station in the in-
terest of agriculture and kindred pursuits
generally. This sum was to be in the first
instance, as I understand it, .$1.0,000.00 and
after that to be inreased by the sum of
$1,000.00 each year until the amount of
§2.5,000.00 is reached which is then to remain
fixed at that point. That is, that is to be the
cou se of affairs unless the ideas of economy
of the present administration at Washington
req':;ire that this money be kept in the gen-
eral treasury. This is a considerable sum of
money and apiculture is equitably entitled
to all and more than it is now getting in this
State.

N)w is it simply becpuse they are equita-
bly entitled to it that the bee-keepers would
claim a just share to be devoted to apicuU
tural work ? like a school boy unwilling that
his fellow should use his sled whether he
wants it himself or not. Or is it because
they feel it is not only their right but to their
advantage ? Have they such a lively faith in
the probable value of result ^ that they will
scrutinize and study them ? That bee-keep-
ers should have an active interest in these
matters is of the utmost importance if the
work s to go on. Those in authority are
generally quite ready to be directed by the
will of those they serve if they can learn cer-
tainly what that will is.

v.l

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Can the work be mi- de of real value V
Take one item. For myself I have become
more and more impressed with tlie impor-
tance of a thorough knowledge of founda-
tions designed for use in sections for the
production of comb honey. Much has been
guessed but so far as I can learn little is yet
known on this sub.ect. In the experiment
of which I recently gave an account one of
the objects aimed at was to determine if
possible if there was a difference among them
and if so what kind was of such a nature as
to enable the bees to work it down most
nearly to the thinness and character of
natural comb. To me the results were very
satisfactory and encouraging and this not
because one kind was shown to be better tliau
another but because it appeared that a meth-
od had been hit upon by which the relative
value of foundations could be practically
determined. But this it seems is only a be-
ginning. Now that a door is open many
other questions come up at the very thres-
hold and press for a solution. What makes
the difference among found ttious ? Is it the
character of the machine used in making or
the character of the wax or is it the method
of the dealing with the w^x ? Then if comb
from foundation is made as thin as the
natural comb, is it still more tenacious or is
it equally friable and tender V Again it is
well understood that the natural comb is not
composed entirely of wax but that other
substances are combined with the wax. Can
any th ng be done to imitate the natural
comb in this, and so make foundation even
less subject to the charge of being an adul-
teration th^n it is at present ? This suggests
the matter of economy of wax in the use of
foundation thus : What is the per cent, of
wax wasted, not to say worse than wasted,
when so made into foundation tiiat the septa
of comb resulting is GO per cent, thicker than
the septa of natural comb ? or to put it in
another way : If foundation who^e septa
the bees will work down to a thickness of
90-10,000 of an inch is worth GOc. what is that
wo"th whose septa the bees wil work down
to a thickness of (JO-10,000 of an inch ? Prob-
ably from twenty-five to forty per cent, mo e.
If a man needs much foundation this should
touch him at the tenderest point.

I try not to be carried off my feet by en-
thusiasm, perhaps, nevertheless, I may be.
What do bee-keepers who stand oft' at arm's
length think of the value of such investiga-
tion ?

It will not do to say it is better not to agi-
tate these and such like questions, it will
only call the attention of consumers to the
defects of comb honey as now produced and
injure its sale. It can hardly injure the sale
of honey for consumers to know that we are
trying earnestly to improve itf. quality, but
if on eating it a heavy wad of wax forms in
the mouth, that will do the work though the
eater may hardly know exactly why. Noth-
ing finds so ready a market as yoods that
give a fine sensation to the palate in every
particular. We are bound to make our comb
honey equal in every respect to that pro-
duced by the bees unaided by foundation, if
we can.

I can think of nothing that would have a
greater tendency to popularize the work of
the station ;.nd to excite the interest of the
bee-ke?ping fraternity in it than to enlist as
many as possible in the matter of making
suggestions as to subjects and methods of
experiment, but more especially as to metli-
uds. Subjects are plentiful and easily dis-
covered but simple and satisfactory methods
are of en slow to suggest themselves. I
meditated upon the matter all summer be-
fore a practical plan for the comparison of
comb made from d fferent foundations pre-
sented itself ; to another mind the first
thought would have been the right one. Now
I am at work endeavoring to discover a
method of procedure for determining the
cause of the wintering trouble. I want it to
be so plain that every one will recognize it
as the right one and be compelled to accept
its utterances as finrd. It is hardly necessa-
ry to say that it is still undiscovered but
perhaps our own journal, the Review, mi ht
furnish us the key by means of a symposium
of numeroiis brief articles addressed to this
one point. '

Finally, s a closing paragraph, I want to
take this op ortunity to make a suggestion
to the apicultural journals of the countrj —
I am no journalist — I make no professions
of knowing how to conduct a journal and am
not going to offer any advice on that point,
but I wonder if some of them without detri-
ment to themselves could not give a little
more 'ctive assistance in sustaining the work
by an effort to create a more general interest
in its behalf. For that purpose probably
nothing could be better than candid criti-
cism.

Lapeek, Mich. Dec. 20, 1898.

L'HE BEE-KEEPERS' KEVIEW,

Some Things California Bee -Keepers Do

Not Want. — A Bee - Convention is

One of Them.

"EAMBLEK."

Lives there a man with soul so dead

As never to himself hath said

" It's kinder lonesome in this shed."

T^DITOR of
\i the Re-
view:— I re-
ceived your
letter some
days ago in-
quiring in re-
lation to the
extent and
whereto of my
rambling. In
reply I would
say that I am still walking around on the
golden sands of California^ And when I
say golden, I mean that if there is little or
no gold under our feet here in this particular
locality, there is an appearance ot an abun-
dance of it, for in the disintegrated granite
from which this soil is largely composed the
little golden appearing scales of iron pyrites
are plentiful and if all of these scales were
gold we could easily gather our riches by the
handful. In my writings now and then for
the Review I believe you requested that I
should touch upon the needs and necessities
of California bee-keeping. I find, however,
that the needs and necessities are so few that
I have been somewhat nonplussed for ma-
terial in that line. Now, some of our writers,
instead of keeping silent would have kept
right along with their twaddle just the same
and with but little benefit to the fraternity.
Now the Rambler does not wish to insinuate
that his letters do not partake of just as much
twaddle as the other fellow's, but this time,
twaddle or no twaddle in our little apicul-
tural duck pond, I will look at the needs
and necessities of California bee-keeping in
a reverse order, or, in other words, what we
do not need.

No bee-keeper that has not been in Califor-
n a can realize the amount of trouble and
anxiety that is taken away from the business
by the absence of the wintering problem.
The entire absence of this problem as known
in the frigid Northern States reduces the
pursuit here to such a simple nature that
people with no knowledge of bees whatever
and who have never read a book or a journal

upon the subject take up bee-keeping and
make a success of it ; even women and boys
come up smiling witli their tons of honey.
It is natural then to suppose that an industry
into which people can enter so easily and
which engages the attention of so many
hundreds would feel the need of several asso-
ciations. It seems, however, that the ma-
chinery of organization is something they do
not want, for in all our vast State with its
great resources for honey there are but two
small local organizations and one State Asso-
ciation, the latter having only about sixty
members when it should have six hundred.
The State Association was evolved from the
So. Cal. Association and the evolution was of
such a volcanic nature that a local paper
called the condition highly bumf uzzling, and
there is some of this condition manifesting
itself up to the present time.

The reasons why bee-keepers here do not
want an association are various. In the first
place there are very few enthusiasts in the
business ; of course these are members.
There is also but little sentiment, and but
few that care to spend five or ten dollars to
go to the convention in order to talk and
shake hands. The material results are what
they are looking for. After a convention
has been held the invariable que.-tion from
our neighbors who do not attend is : "Well,
did you do anything down there of benefit to
bee-keepers ?" The essays and discussions
are looked upon as of but little account, but
an addition of a cent or a fraction thereof to
the price of honey, or the obtaining of sup-
plies at a lower figure would be the benefit
these persons are looking after. Even in the
convention there are those who wish to con-
duct it as a buying and selling institution,
forgetting that such an organization would
have to be organized upon a different plan.

Another reason why many Californians do
not want an association is that the sociability
of the occasion goes against their nature.
Spending much of their time in a lone cabin
on the plain or on the mountain they become
averse to society and are not given to much
talk ; and they are entirely out of their ele-
ment in a convention.

In fact, the attitude of the most of our
bee-keepers toward an association is much
like the attitude of the producers of another
great staple in our country. The papers
have been telling us lately that " Hay is
king ;" or, in other words, that the hay crop

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

is the most important in the United States,
It interests every agriculturist and every
owner of horses or cattle, and is a commo-
dity having an enormous sale. Still, who-
ever heard of a convention of hay makers ?
The king of crops seems able to take care of
itself without the intervention of an associa-
tion. The seed is sown, the elements being
favorable, the hay grows, modern machinery
puts it in the barn, and it is then forked out
every day to the stock.

It is the same with our honey production —
Prdblem — A passably remote place in the
foot hills; bees in movable frame hives,
passably decent ; extractor, tank, gasoline
cans, and a knowledge and courage to take
the honey when it comes. Of course there's
no use for a hay convention or a bee con-
vention.

Bloomington, Calif. Nov. 8, 1893.

Why Given Founaation Went Out of the
Mark(.t.— A Caution in Regard to Win-
tering Bees in Heited Repositories.

C. C. MILLER,

TJRIEND Hutchin-
V' son : — In Decem-
ber Review you ask
for criticism, and
say. "If you like the
Review, say so."
Well, "so." Not
that I think it can't
be improved, for I
am "expecting occa-
sional surprises in
the way of improve-
ment, but I don't
know that I know enough to suggest the im-
provements. Perhaps you might have Hasty
write up what's going once in two weeks,
and issue an extra. Then you might keep
on being as fair as you have been. If you'll
do those two things you needn't stop my
paper.

You seem to be aiding and abetting Bro.
R. L. Taylor in stirring up a question that
appeared to have been settled, I mean
foundation made in a press as compared
with that run through rolls. Years ago I got
Given foundation from Heddon. The wax
in it was softer than in any other, or at least
it seemed so to me. The reason given for

the greater softness of walls, that the side
walls are not subjected to pressure, may be
correct. Is it not just possible that there
may be an additional reason in the sheeting
of wax in such thin sheets ? With the Given
press there is nothing except the melted wax
thrown into the press and then the wax
pushed up loosely in the side walls.

[Beg pardon friend Miller, but the wax is
sheeted the same for a press as for a mill.
There is no melted wax thrown into the press.
Aren't you thinking of the efforts to make
fdn. with plaster molds ? — Ed.]

Then Heddon stopped making the Given,
and I couldn't get any elsewhere. The
Dadants said they had never been able to
make any that was satisfactory. I don't
know in exactly what respect, but I suspect
they could not make it of the uniform char-
acter that can be made by running through
a mill. Our best foundation makers take a
pride in sending out foundation every inch
of which shall be of the same thickness. I
doubt if a sheet of Given was ever made that
did not have some part thicker or thinner
than the rest. I doubt if as nice looking
foundation can ever come from a Given
press as from a mill. But if the bees will
take to it and work it more readily, making
the thick as thin as desired, then we may
forego the matter of looks before it is made
into comb.

For some reason, possibly because it is
easier for each man to make his own foun-
dation, presses seem to be more popular in
France and Germany than here. But bee-
keepers in this country, as a rule, prefer to
buy rather than to make their foundation,
and I think that is wise. If there should be
sufficient demand for the Given, undoubtedly
the manufacturers would produce it, even
though it would have to be furnished at a
higher price, and without any guarantee
that every inch should be same as sample.

On page 348 friend Spaeth introduced a
subject that some time ago awakened a great
deal of interest in Germany — Pastor Wey-
gandt's method of wintering by \\ inter heat-
ing. But I can hardly share in the confidence
in the method that friend Spaeth shows in
his closing paragraph, from the fact that
outside of the inventor and some others there
does not seem to be as much confidence in
the system as there was a year or two ago.
I think likely that if you should ask the
leading German bee-keepers about it now,
their answer might be something like this :

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

" Yes, Pastor Weygandt is a good man, and
has made a success with his system, but
others do not succeed so well, or else the
trouble is too much for the gain, and it is
hardly advisable for you in America to med-
dle with it until more of those who hhva
tried or are still trying it in Germany pro-
nounce it an unqualified success."

Mabengo, 111. Dec. 18, 1893.

"Wants the Review to Get the Best Corres-
pondents and Indulge in no Side -Issues.
Why the Given Press was Dropped.

JAMES HEDDON.

Error may endure for a night, for a night,
Truth cometh with the morning light ;
Error may endure for a night, for a night,
Truth i-(iiiM'tl[ in tlio uuirning.

T F I understand
1 you correctly,
L ^ you want us to tell

Jl«R«<aE^r, what we think of

^ j^ ^ the Review. lean-

not now think of
an J thing I can say
other than perhaps
to throw in a little
prevention against
what might hap-
pen if we don't
stiffen up your
spine once in so often, that you may not fail
to keep out of your journal the writings of
those whom you believe to be dishonest, vis-
ionary, impractical or inexperienced. Be-
sides this we do not want articles too techni-
cal ; winding about through labyrinths of
science, until the practical, money-making
honey-producer loses the trend of the writer
and his own patience.

I want to say to friend Murray, of Elkhait,
Ind , that I stand corrected, and if I could
remember what celebrated professor it was
that I got my chemical terms from, that told
us that the principal elements of honey were
oxygenous and nitrogenous I would correct
him also. But, as it makes no difiPerence
whatever in regard to the principles and facts
that I stated in my article, nor with my ex-
periments which I recited to convince my
fellow bee keepers of what I felt sure of,
viz., that sugar syrup would winter bees
without loading the intestines with fiecal

mattei-, it seems to me that Mr. Murray's
one and one fourth column article is devoted
to chemistry, rather than bee-culture.

My object in taking a bee-journal, is single
tj a practical dollar and cent success. I
indulge in other kinds of li.erature. I read
poetry, history, news, law, medicine, elec-
tricity, astronomy, geology and metaphysics,
quite extensively, and I can buy ten times
more thought in any one of these several
lines, for $1.00, than I can get out of yonr
journal, and I don't want you to devote any
of your space to picture-taking, gardening,
nor even religion, as I know where I can get
all these things on other and special dishes,
for much less money than they are or can be
furnished by any bee journal. Go right on
Bro. H. showing your religion in your prac-
tice of candor and giving us two orthrte
dollars worth of literature for one dollar and
continue the modesty of sinking self beneath
some other things of more importance to
your readers.

I like the Review from purely selfish mo-
tives. It puts clothes upon my family and
self, brings food into the house and aids us
in procuring many of the luxuries of life,
by giving us plain and correct directions for
getting more money out of the bee business
than we could otherwise do.

I must not close without mentioning the
immense value (to me) of your reports of
friend Taylor's experiments. And, by the
way, you asked how it was that the manu-
facture of the Given press was discontinued?
You ask this after stating that experiments
have shown that the Given foundation is the
best of all. Let me tell you. Great advertis-
ing facilities will sell a poor article for a
larger price than a better one can command.
For many years Bro. Root, himself deluded,
spread broad-cast the delusion that the Sim-
plicity hive was better and more practical
than my modification of the L. hive. He
sold ten of them to every one that all sold of
the Heddon L. hive. Finally, with the aid
of many leading bee-keepers, the great truth
of the comparative worthlessness of the
Simplicity dawned upon our very busy
friend, and he sent me $100 as a present and
token for being right, as well as, perhaps, a
sort of "beg pardon" for his being wrong.
But wrong as he was, he could and did spread
the wrong ten or twenty times as fast and as
far as I could spread the right. He and
others did the same thing regarding the
Given foundation machine, so that when Mr.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Given died no good business man not own-
ing a widely circulating bee journal, wished
to venture his money in the dissemination
of a truth against a wide-spread and ener-
getically pushed error. The same thing is
now being done regarding other important
articles of apiarian manufacture. But I
have made this article long enough, and will
wait to see what others think,
DowAGiAo, Mich. Dec. 20, 1893.

[Friend H. :— There are some phases of
bee-keeping that cannot well be discussed
without bringing in the intricacies of chem-
istry and other sciences, and I am glad that
we have in our ranks men who are capable
of threading the labyrinths. Then, again,
when one naan corrects another I think it
well to give proofs and reasons even if a lit-
tle space is used in so doing.

I agree in thinking it best that the discus-
sion of side-issues be kept out of class journ-
als ; but here is a point : the editors of other
scientific journals, and of some other maga-
zines, seem to sit in a sort of holy of holies,
their individualities shrouded in mystery.
They are unapproachable. The editors of
our bee journals are just common folks like
the rest of us. Most of them are bee-keepers
themselves. They attend -the conventions
and visit their brother bee-keepers. We get
them by the hand and become acquainted
with them, and, to a certain extent, are in-
terested in them and their joys and sorrows,
and I believe we enjoy occasional glimpses
of them on the play ground as well as in the
workshop. If I am wrong in this belief, or
if I have misunderstood the meaning of
friend Heddon, no one is more anxious than
myself to be corrected.

Regarding the Given press, I believe that
the Roots did give it a trial and failed, but
others have succeeded, and, if I remember
aright, Ernest Root has told me within the
last year or two that at subsequent trials
they succeeded better, or else that the suc-
cess of others led them to think that their
trials were too hasty and imperfect. He told
me something of this sort and said that they
were thinking seriously of again giving the
press a trial with a view to making the ma-
chines for sale if they could succeed in mak-
ing them work satisfactorily. If I have not
reported the matter correctly I shall be glad
to be corrected, I sincerely hope that some
one will take up the manufacture of the
press and of the foundation made on the
press. I understand that the Roots are con-

sidering the possibility of so changing their
mills that foundation with a thinner septum
can be made on them, but I believe that
thinness of septum is not the only point of
superiority possessed by the Given founda-
tion.— Ed..]

A Western Man's Experience With Foul

Brood.— When Hives Need Boiling and

When They May Not,

ELMEK TODD,

( IfC T the end of an editorial on foul brood
g} in the August 1893 RtiVie'^', page 23G,
you say, "Let's hear from others."
I have had four year's experience with it.
My favorite c re is the McEvoy method with
the exception that I boil the hives then the
cure is certain every time. At the time the
above mentioned editorial appeared I had a
colony infected with it that I h d found
about tw weeks befor \ I did ot clean t
up when found because ther .- was n ■> honey
coming in and no prospects of a y and the
colony was strong e"ough t kee^ out rob-
bers. Between you and me I believe here
is no danger of its spreading, unless it is
carried by some carelessness of the bee-
'eeper himself, as long ~s a colony can repel
r bbers ad th3 hives are not close e:oBgh
together for the bees to mix.

After reading yo r editorial I went to this
colony and shoos ^he b^es ofif the C3m':8 ;
about one-third into the old hive and the re-
main-ier into a new hive on a new sta d.
The next day the bees were about equally
divided. I bt ano'd queen run in with t e
queenless half on the new stand. She was
from a colony where the bees had raised a
young one and both had been living peace-
ably together f:T seven weeks. There v^as
no honey coming in when I shook off the
bees, so at the end of four da , s, as they had
not commenced to draw out he starters, I
fed them about one quart of honey i'l two
days, and then let them go four days more,
a^j t'"e end of which time I shook them off
upon full sheets of foundatio". Both halves
were handled jast alike, one afer the ther,
an "" fed from the same i oney. Now the dis-
ease showed in the dir y hive, in its pro-
nounced form, in just three weeks fr: m the
time the bees were given full sheets of foun-
dation.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

The reason why I failed to cure it in the
old bive may have been on account of the
propolis. There was lo s of it. Or it might
h tve been from the chippings of brood caps
as I noticed the bottom of the hive was
strewn with them. Whatever the cause, it
re-appeared, 1 am sorry to say, because I use
chafif hives and it is quite a job to boil th^ra.

The half on a new stand rais-d a young
queen from the first eggs and is stronger
now in bees than the old one and has not yet
shown any signs of the disease and probably
will not, for it should have shown disease
about the same time as the one in the old
hive. In most instances t appears in from
three to six weeks after inoculation, pro-
vided there is brood in the hives at the
time.

After removing the foul combs from the
above colony I spread . ome pape s on the
fio?r and removed the combs to the homy
house to keep them secure from robi^ers.
The next morning I brushed what young
bees had hatched into a comb basket and
dumped them into an empty hive giv ng
them two omls partly filled with unsealed
honey, also dropping in a six-day -old virgin
queen. I continued to brush off and add the
young ' ees to them each day uiti: they had
a'l hatched, adding more combs as they
needed more room, and kept them confined
four days from the time the first lot was put
in. It was my intention at the time to put
them through the shake-oft' process and then
unite all three when fall came, if they were
all clean, but the queen was laying before
the brood had all hatche.l out of the foul
combs and I concluded to let them be until
the disease appeared although the chances
were small as a bee not over twenty-f^ur
hours old appears to retain all the hone^ it
removes from a cell This colony, when I
examine! it last (October 2(i) Siiowed no
signs of the disease.

The above experiment s right in line wi h
one I had tried two years before which was
this : I had a colony that I had suspected
for four mouths of having he disease ; the
larva would die and soften but i-ot lose its
shape or color and would then be removed
by the bees. It would not draw out on the
head of a pin and had no glue pot-odor, but
at the end of four months, ju t before the
fall honey flow, it showed both of these un-
mistakable sy ii ptoms. After .they had got
the combs about two-thirds built and fill d
with hon^ y but none sealed up (there were

twelve L. frames in this br od nest four of
which they had built and had never had any
brood in them) I went to it and removed
three of these four combs and shook the bees
off from them into one of Doolittie's nucleus
boxes and formed a small colony of them.
The bees shook off ware hangmg to the bot-
toms of the combs and were part of the comb
building force of the hive. I hived them on
tnree combs partly full of sealed honey.
They wintered successfully and built up the
nex spring and finished KiO one-pound ec-
tions, eight unfinished, and furnished three
L. combs o. sealed honey out of their brood
nest, besides having enough for winter.
They have not to the present day shown the
first sign of foul brood.

Last summer I used t e old hives in mak-
ing a cure of a colony that I had divided, for
experiments, into four three-frame nuclei
just as the disease fi.st commenced to show
in th . pronounced form. I left one f the
nuclei on the old stand in the old hive, the
other three occupied clean hives about two

eeks before removing the foul combs to
cure them. It was successful in ;llfourcas s
but the disease had just commenced to show
in a few cells, from one to three in each
comb.

From what I have seen, I believe it is safe
to use the old hive where the disease is Just
tjefjinni}}g to show, but unsafe where it has
been in progress for some time and the bees
have got the dried up contents of the dis-
eased cells strewn on the hive bottom and
mixed up morj or '.ess with the i)ropolis.

We have another source of contagion here
that I have never seen mentioned before and
one that is ab'e to carry the disease long dis-
tances; it is small remnants of colonies
ranging from a teacupful up to a quart of
bees that have dwindled wit > the disease and
then derserted their h ves. They are not
small after-swarms because they come out of
sw rming season and are accompanied by an
old ragged winged queen in the most of
cases. I had three such last season and four
this, th;'.t I know of, come into the yard and
try to unite with clean colonies. Apparent-
ly they were all killed off but not before hey
gave up some of the houey they brought with
them as is proven by the disease appearing
in from three to six weeks in the colony
where they tried to force a i entrance. Two
of them clustered this year, so I gathered
them in before they had done any mischief.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

In treating foul brood I always wait until
the weather becomes settled in the spring.
If I see it's likely to get the start of me I feed
enough houey to keep up brood rearing,
mixing carbolic acid with the liouey at the
rate of one part acid to 500 of honey. This
keeps it in check.

YOBK, Neb. Nov. 10, 1898.

What Specialty, Black Bees, Buckwheat,

an Out -Apiary and '-Grubs" Can Do

in Wisconsin.

G. L. HEAD.

O mighty grub ! thy sjn is sweet—
The farmer slain for bee man e meat.

*R. EDITOR -.—Your favor of the lOlh
' ius^ is just received and in. reply 1
^\\\ saj— I have been in the bte
business in a small way, for six years ; start-
ing with twenty colonies. The first four
years I worked for comb hone, the forepart
of the season and extracteJ the dark honey
that came later.

The average yield for thfese years is 7(> lbs.
per colony, spring count, about one-half be-
ing comb. The last of -he four years we had
no light honey and I extracted 85 lbs. per
colony. I then disposed of my other busi-
ness and started an out-apiary ten miles
from the home yard and concluded to run
for extracted houey exclusively. I succeeded
in wintering and springing 109 out of 127
put in the ce lar last fall : putting .54 at the
Summit yard and .55 at home.

I fed 100 pounds of sugar last spring at the
Summit yard and some honey in the comb
here at home.

The flow commenced -June 12th and result-
ed in some swarming.

That you ma, better judge of the run I
had I will give you the amounts I put down
each time I went through both yards. The
first amount put down is the total for .July
15th and for four times I extracted before

then.

RECORD, 1893.

, 1 1 citi, ...... 7000 clover.

Jnly 15th 20U0 mixed.

T 1 o=fv; 3000 basBWood.

» ^Tuh ■• 2000 buckwheat.

Total 1''0^

We had a killing frost August 27th which
cut my buckwheat crop short fully one-halt.
There were 200 fcres of buc'- wheat m sight
of the home yard.

I must tell you about a pheuominal swarm
hived .] une I7ih on worker combs.

RECORD OF SWARM HIVED JUNE HTH.
WHITE HONEY.

T .„,. « pounds.

.Tune 2l8t .= "^ ••

'• 27th % ..

.fuly 2na ?V

" 6th P,

" 15th ^j a

" aist % ..

" z7tn

DARK HONEY.

Aug. nth 'f^ W

'• 3ist ■• *

Total ^^

From June 27th to July 8th they also built
a full set of half-size combs which I had to
have done to give them room. They were
pure blacks.

I use a hive 16x20xi)K inches deep taking
thirteen frames in the brood chamber. I
used ten above this season and like the extra-
thick combs.

Of course. I use queen-excluding honey-
boards as I think they are indispensable in
the production of extracted honey.

I caimot tell how far my management
went toward getting such a crop, but I de-
voted my whole time to the bees. I hived
all of my swarms on narrow starters, except
the one J weighed the honey from, but as
that was a wonderful colony from the time I
brought them out of the cellar I didn't think
the combs I hived them on had much to do
with the yield.

I might add that the flow came with such
a rush that I had to extract before they did
much capping though I got about sixty lb?.

of wax.

I sold the 5,000 pounds of buckwheat honey
to McNay, of Mauston, and have sent the
most of the balance to commission men of
Chicago.

One of the reasons I got so much more
honey this year than usual is this: The
grub-pest last year ate up all the sod and
Tast spring white clover came up all over the
district that the grubs devastated and if that
continues to flourish as it did the past season
I see no reason why I should not get as good
or a better yield next year, as bisswood did
not yield nearly as heavily as usual and frost
cut the buckwheat crop short.

Of course, what I have written is not for
print, as I do not aspire ti. be a writer, but

IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

you are at liberty to make any extracts from
this you please and if you wish to ask me auy
more questions I shall be glad to answ-er
them if I can.

I have about a dozen colonies of Italians
at the Summit yard but they were not " iu
it" with the blacks this year.

La Valle, Wis. Nov. 15, 1898.

[I believe some one once took me " to do "
quite severely for asserting that when the
flow was abundant and near at hand, no
bees surpassed the pure blacks as honey
gatherers. This experieuce of Bro. Head's
is only one of several that confirms me in
that belief. When the flow is scanty and
must be searched for far and wide, the " shoe
is on the other foot." — Ed.]

Advantages of the House - Apiary for Win-
tering and "Springing" Bees, and for
Stimulative Feeding.

B. TAYLOK.

yRIEND Hutchin-
JT " son: — I am great-
ly pleased with Mr.
C. Spaeth's artic'e
in the December Re-
view explaining edi-
tor G. Weygandt's
method of caring
for bees in Ger-
many. The reason
1 am pleased is be-
cause his experience
and ideas exactly
coincide with my own experience. You know
it gives any person pleasure to know that
others searching in quest of the same facts
as themselves have reached the same con-
clusions. You know I have been saying for
some time that the " house-apiary had come
to stay " and that the time was not far dis-
tant when most of the bees in professional
hands would be licpt in that way, as it gives
a better chance of caring for bees properly
and Cheaply through the entire year than
auy method yet in practice. So I concluded
to prove the faith that is in me by explain-
ing to your readers just what I have done to
carry out the new method. In the course of
his remarks in the article referred to Mr.
Spaeth says :

" The wintering trouble and cause of bee
diarrhcea is solved by Rev. C. Weygandt,

of Flacht, Germany, editor of the Bee, a
monthly bee paper. He has made the most
thorough experiments for years, and has
solved a good many riddles, mysteries and
problems that still puzzle a good many bee-
keepers and papers. 1 do wish you could
read two books which he published three or
four years ago on those subjects. The name
of those works are : ' A Small Contribution
to Promote Bee-Keepiug.'

He kept a good number of bee's in his
study room, where there was a coal stove
burning all winter. The entrances of the
hives were left open, the openings being two
to three inches wide by one-quarter inch
high. He had holes made through the win-
dow case or a channel under it. The bees
wintered splendidly aud came out strong and
very healthy.

For years he closely observed bees in win-
ter aud tried all kinds of experiments with
them. He found out what was the life ele-
ment that must be taken into account if we
want safe wintering. This life element is
pure, dry, warm air, and good food, which,
of course, also includes bee bread.

He found out that dampness and cold com-
bined kill the most bees ; causing indiges-
tion, catarrh aud inflammation of the bow-
els or diarrhcjea. He cured the worst kind of
diarrh(jea in a warm, dry, pure air, aud with
clover honey. Some will say, it is not a dis-
ease. They know not what they say. Smell
it onc3, he says ! Does it smell like healthy
fifc.-s ? It nearly knocks one over, it will
take your breath away.

Some bees will show much more uneasi-
ness after a few mouth's confinement than
others under the very same conditions, from
such bees he would never breed.

After all these experiments he built a bee
house which is a model, and not after very
many years, all our Northern bee-keepers
will have one like it, or similar to it."

He found the life element in safe winter-
ing is pior, dry, warm air, and good food.
You will remember, Mr. Editor, that iu an
article on dysentery, which I wrote some
months ago for the Review, I laid down ex-
actly this same doctrine, pure, warm air and
good food, as the true remedy. That the
house-apiary is the best place to secure these
conditions I have no doubt and I will try to
tell the readers of the Review what I have
done to carry this theory into effect in the
Forestville Apiary for the winter of 1893-4,
both in the house-apiary and wintering cel-
lar.

In our house we can \^x^t the colouies in
winter quarters in one- half day's work with-
out lifting a hive or di-sturbing a bee. In this
method of wintering the bees are not con-
fined to the hives at all : the entrances are
left open as in summer, and the bees can fly
out at any time when the weather is warm
enough, and we firmly believe they will come
through the winter in better health than

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

if confined without a flight for four or five
months. For out-apiaries the house has
many advantages, especially for extracted
honey, for with this we may safely dispense
with a constant attendant. The house can
be locked against intruders, no wintering
cellar is required, and the house need not
be more costly than an open yard, and I
know that first-class results can be pro-
duced.

My new feeders are the first ones with
which I was entirely satisfied. They are
simply wooden boxes four inches square and
six inches deep. The bottom is of tinned
wire cloth ^h inch mesh, with a I4 inch square
strip of wood nailed around the outer edges
to raise the wire cloth bee-space from the
bottom. The feeder proper in which the
syrup is poured is a round tin cup 'S^-^ inches
in diameter and .5^2 inches deep, the bottom
being of cotton sheeting held in place by a
band of tin like an old fashioned milk strain-
er. This cloth can be removed for cleaning
and replaced. The cup has no cover. A cup
is set in each little box with the cloth bot-
tom directly on the wire cloth bottom of the
box, and the box packed in the sawdust
right over the center of the hive and cluster
of bees. The cover of the-hive is removed
and a square of burlap spread in its place
with a square hole cut in it under the feeder
thus giving the bees an opportunity to suck
the feed through the wire cloth of the box
and through the cotton cloth bottom of the
tin cup, without leaving the cluster, and I
can feed in the coldest weather if need be.

These tin cups areremoved from the boxes
when packed for winter and the boxes filled
with waste paper. Each box has a cover.
As soon as the weather is warm enough for
the bees to fly nicely in the spring I will give
each colony a few ounces of sugar syrup
each evening regardless of their having
stores in their hives below. By feeding in
the evening all excitement is prevented and
the bees are ready to go to the fields for pol-
len or honey during the day. All danger of
robbing is removed and I have fed twenty-
four colonies in five minutes by the watch.
Each colony in the yard will have one of
these feeders packed over the top of it when
removed from the cellar.
Mr. Spaeth says of Mr. Weygandt :
" He has no spring dwindling. As soon as
the bees bring in natural pollen, he com-
mences stimulative feeding, and breeding
once commenced in good earnest never is
checked by cold spells or poor weather. He

has giant colonies at the time of fruit bloom
and of rape, which is one of his main crops.

Some brag that they winter their bees with
success in the old way. But it is one thing
to winter bees that just pull through and are
kept busy till the latter part of .June getting
ready for the harvest, giving no spring sur-
plus whatever ; and another thing to bring
out very strong, rousing swarms which give
the least work for the bee-keeper but the
most pleasure and profit.

He claims that it pays to have such a house
and saves time, money and work."'

In my judgement, here is the key to suc-
cessful surplus honey production. Stimula-
tive feeding, if done properly, is of great
value, but the feed must be offered in a way
that the bees can got it without leaving the
cluster, so that when once started the bees
will get their daily supply regardless of what
the weather is outside.

The house-apiary offers perfect conditions
for practical stimulative feeding far greater
than is possible in single hives, in the open
yard, and the new handy feeder is perfection
for giving the feed. No heat escapes from
the hive and the bees cluster permanently
right up to the bottom of the feeder, and
will take the feed on days so cold that not a
bee would leave the cluster in search of the
needed supply.

I have said that the house is adapted to the
needs of the professional honey producer
and it is the ideal for the city or country
business or professional man who wishes to
keep from ten to fifty colonies for pleasure
and profit, and it will not be many years
until such houses will be numbered by the
thousands. The house-apiary has come to
stay.

FoKESTViLLE, Minn. .Jan. 1, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSOfl, Ed. & Pt»op.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Review
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise it
will be continued.

FL/n/T, MICHIGAN JAN. 10. 1894.

Vermont bee-keepers will hold their an-
nual convention January 24th and 2r>t\\, at
the Van-Ness House in Burlington.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

The Amekioan Bee Journal, comes out
with some new departmental headings.

- — -U

Gleanings is now " leading " most of its
matter, greatly to the improved appearance
of an already handsome journal.

" Pulled " Queens have been talked about
considerably of late. They are simply queens
ready, or nearly ready, to emerge from the
cells, and if not " pulled " too soon they are
just the same as any queens, and that is all
there is to it.

" R. L. Taylor," so writes W. C. Frazier,
" is making an eminent success in his experi-
ments, and is setting a pace that will worry
the next man into whose mouth there may
happen to drop the same kind of a plum."
Mr. Frazier thinks it would be desirable for
Mr. Taylor to test the different strains of
Italian bees, viz., imported, golden, and

dark.

The Canadian Bee .Journal, with a com-
mendable and timely stroke of enterprise,
brings out half tone illustrations of seven-
teen of the most prominent members of the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, accom-
panying them with brief and well written
biographical sketches and items of interest
in regard to the annual meeting of the Asso-
ciation, held at Lindsay the 9th and 10th of

January.

The Progressive is adopting, to a certain
extent, the " special topic " feature. The
January No. discussed "What Shall Bee-
Keepers do Winters ?" Darying, teaching
school, both day and singing schools, " can-
vassing," caring for poultry and writing
bee-keeping articles for the agricultural
journals are among the things recommended.
The February issue will be devoted to a dis-
cussion of " Full Sheets of Foundation Ver-
sus Starters."

— — 3

The American Bee-Keeper, agreeable to
promise, shows improvements with the -Jan-
uary issue. Among other things, it contains
an excellent article from C. W. Dayton on
bee escapes which I shall probably copy be-
fore the arrival of the "'escape season."
Like most of the other journals, it has added
a department for short, newsy items, calling
them " Current Comments." The batch in
the present number is very readable.

DooLiTTLE cell-cups are approved by J.
B. Case, a queen breeder of Port Orange,
Florida. He has the cells built in upper
stories of strong colonies, with queen-exclud-
ing metal between the upper and lower
stories. He writes Gleanings that the great
strength of the base of the cells enables him
to take them ofif the sticks, put them in the
hives, cage them, or handle them in varions
ways with no danger of injury. He saves
the cells from his best colonies when they
swarm, but fails to see that the queens are
superior in any way to those reared in the
cups.

The Orange Blossom Honey arrived in
time for the convention. While it has an
orange flavor, I must say that I should pre-
fer clover honey for a steady diet. Quite a
number have asked that samples be sent
them. In reply I will say that I will put a
pound in a Muth jar, pack the bottle in a
box of sawdust and send it by express for
twenty-five cents, the receiver to pay ex-
press charges. This will allow all who wish
to sample the genuine, California, orange
blossom honey. Don't call this an adver-
tisement in the reading columng, as I am
making nothing out of the transaction.

H. P. Langdon in a private letter says,
among other things, that when his non-
swarmers are put on at tho right ti)m. they
are a practical success, at least, with his
house apiary. He says he has no fault to
find with Mr. Taylor's giving a report just as
the trial with them was made, but he thinks
that allowance ought to have been made for
the " week or teti days that the bees had been
swarming." He closes his letter with the
very fair and philosophical view that "In
good time it will take the place that it de-
serves ; I know that it enables me to work
the house without loss, so, if it will not work
with the public, I am content as it is." He
mentions, incidentally, that the house apiary
is a poor place for mating queens, and he is
obliged to i-ear his queens at home.
©

Bee Journals are seldom discussed at bee
conventions ; there being a feeling that it is
not good taste — that the commendation of
one journal is a reflection upon the editors
of the others. Hives, smokers, honey-knives,
comb foundation of the different makes,
non-swarmers, self-hivers, in short every
thing pertaining to bee culture are freely

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

discussed with no consideration whatever
for the feelings of the inventor or manufac-
turer. Where is the consistency ? Then,
again, one journal may excel in one particu-
lar, another in some other direction, and the
bringing out of these points might not be
any disparagement to any journal, yet would
aid bee-keepers in their choice of journals.
This idea that a bee journal, or some feature
of it, must ne er be commended, criticised,
or discussed in a convention is more a fash-
ion than one of good sense.

PKEVENTING SWAKMING BY WOKKING SE'EBAL
COLONIES TOGETHEB.

Many of the visitors at the World's Fair
must have seen the long box of thick combs
in the New York exhibit of honey. It was
sent there by Mr. F. H. Cyreniu •, of Oswego,
N. Y. In a recent letter he has the following
to say in reference to the manner in which
it was secured, and the effect of the proceed-
ing upon the swarming propensities of the
bees engaged in the work : —

" I am not sure but in securing the build-
ing of the combs in the long box that you
saw at the fair, that I made a useful discov-
ery, viz., that by setting two or three hives
side by side, with a queen excluder over
each, and a surplus case long enough to
cover all, swarming may be prevented. This
box, as well as several others, were thus ar-
ranged, the colonies made very strong, and
everything made favorable for swarming,
which was daily expected, but did not occur.
Perhaps the bees think they have too much
room to need to swarm."
is

WINTERING BEES IN A •« ABM ATMOSPHEEE.

Dr. Miller is rather inclined to throw cold
water upon the wprm-atmosphere-metliod of
wintering bees. On the other hand I have
received several letters giving this plan a
favorable mention. Aside from that given
by Mr. B. Taylor in another column, the
most positive report is furnished by Mr. F.
H. Cyrenius, of Oswego, N. Y. He says :
" I have two colonies wintering in a warm
room where the temperature is from 60° to
70° most of the time, and the bees are doing
nicely. They are quiet and make no attempt
to fly unless the weather is suitable. They
have an entrance under the window sash and
can fly any time if tliey choose." Of course
it is not yet spring, and we shall all be inter-

ested in knowing how the bees " come out,"
but I feel more and more as though we
ought to have some comprehensive, exhaus-
tive and extensive experiments upon these
points of temperature, ventilation, moist-
ure, etc.

FOUL BBOOD.

Foul brood is receiving considerable dis-
cussion in the American Bee, JoxirnaL Mr,
Cornell is showing the apparent fallacy of
the chain of reasoning whereby Mr. McEvoy
attempts to prove that foul brood may orig-
inate in dead brood. J. A. Green argues
that it is possible that foul brood germs are in
the air, and And in the dead brood the prop-
er food and condition for their propagation.
I do not understand why the germs would
not find as favorable conditions, or if not so
favorable, at least sufficiently so, in healthy
brood. Mr. Cornell advances one dea, how-
ever, that to me seems unreasonable. He
says : —

'* It is not because the infected honey the
bees carry with them is all consumed in four
days that Mr. McEvoy's method cures, but
because during the interval between shaking
the bees on starters and the first appearance
of young larviv requiring to be fed — an in-
terval of about ten days under Mr. McEvoy's
treatment — the diseased nurses either die
off, or become too old, or too sickly to con-
tinue to act as nurses."

The nurses are the youngest bees in the
hive, and would be the last to die off. If the
nurses become too old to act as nurses, there
are certainly no younger bees to take their
places. Possibly Mr. Cornell's idea is that
not all of the bees of a colony are diseased
(ttieir bodies infested by the germs of the
disease) and that those diseased will die off
in the time that will elapse after the bees are
shaken from the combs and the hatching of
the first larva^. This would leave only
healthy nurses. But why the older bees
should be more free from the germs than
is the case with the younger bees I am at a
loss to understand. Another point : If the
infection of the brood results from the dis-
eased condition of the nurses, it seems to me
that all, or, at least nearly all, of the brood
would become diseased at once. If only a
part of the nurses were diseased, it seems to
me that the haphazard way in which they
feed the larvip would bring about a diseased
condition of all of the larva'. This is not
the case, as only a feiv diseased larvif appear
at first. This idea was advanced to me by

THE BEEKEEPERS' UFA IE W.

Mr. R. L. Taylor when in conversation with
him at our late Michigan State meeting. Mr.
Taylor says that the first year that foul brood
appeared in his yard a swarm from a foul
broody stock was freed from the disease
simply by hiving it upon foundation and let-
ting it alone. This was the " pole star " that
guided him into the harbor of success. It
appears unreasonable to suppose that all of
the diseased bees would die off in the four or
five days that must elapse before the hatch-
ing the first larvae. There is no one in our
ranks that takes more pains to be accurate
than does our Canadian friend, S. Cornell,
and I shall be glad to have him explain
more fully in regard to these points.

CONSIDER THE LOCALITY.

There is no question that in a great many
cases the prevention of swarming is desira-
ble. In out-apiaries and in the home-apiary
when the owner must be away during the
middle of the day, there is no doubt of the
desirability of preventing swarming. Wheth-
er more honey will be secured by the pre-
vention of swarming has been discussed at
great length, but the dispudants have in
most instances overlooked a most important
factor, that of location, or, to be more ex-
act, the time and duration of the honey flow.
In those localities where the flow is early and
short, as is often the case at the North, there
is not time in which to bring the colonies up
to the swarming pitch, allow them to swarm,
and then wait for the old colony to build up
into working condition. To secure the best
results, every means possible must be used
to foster and build up the strength of tile
colonies, that they may be ready for the
early harvest ; and when it comes, best re-
sults are secured if the bees attend strictly
to the work of storing the surplus, and let
swarming alone.

In those localities blessed with a contin-
uous flow, or where there is a late harvest,
better results are obtained by allowing at
least one swarm from each colouy, as there
is time for both the parent colony and the
swarm to get themselves into good condition
for the later yields, when there are two col-
onies instead of one to gather the nectar. If
the locality is overstocked, this brings in
another factor, and, in that case, swarming
might be undesirable.

The decisions in regard to the size of hives,
or of the brood nest, also of contraction of

the brood nest, should also be iafluenced by
the lo:ality. With a short, early harvest, it
is not good management to use a hive so
large that harvest is well past before the
hive, or, rather, the brood nest, is filled. In
such a locality, the small brood chamber
hive comes out ahead, because it is so quickly
filled with bees, brood and honey, and the
bees are then ready for the sections before
the harvest is past.

Contracting the brood chamber of a newly
hived swarm is in the same line ; it secures
the work of the swarm in the sections before
the harvest is past. In those localities where
the flow of honey lasts for months, or there
is a heavy fall flow, there is time to flU a
large brood nest and then put some honey in
the supers afterwards. In other localities,
if a swarm were given a ten-frame L. hive
as a brood nest, it would do but little more
than fill the brood nest ere the harvest would
be over.

The man who understands iiis own locality
and the hives, implements and management
best suited to it should not forget that there
are other localities to which his requirements
would not be adapted.

WHAT AKE THE OBJECTS OF INTEREST NEAR
WHERE YOU LIVE ?

Since the announcement that I should
travel some among bee-keepers next sum-
mer, quite a number have written and asked
me to give them a call : and some of the
friends have incidentally mentioned objects
of interest, natural scenery, industries, etc.,
that may be seen near their homes. This
reminds me that I have not told all that I
expect to do while on these trips. Of course,
the primary object of the "outing " will be
to visit bee-keepersand thereby gather items
of value to my apiarian readers ; but such
trips must necessarily be somewhat expen-
sive ; probably I could not afford them were
it not that I ex[)ect to photograph and "write
up" for other magazines or journals some
of the interesting things that I may run
across while on my wanderings You will
now see why I am pleased to have the friends
mention any thing in this line that may be
found near their homes. Perhaps some of
you will say "there is nothing of interest
near my home." Perhaps there is, only you
have not thought of it. There is an old but
true saying that " one half the world does

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

not know how the other half lives." It is
equally true that one-half is always inter-
ested in knowint; something of the life of
the other lialf. You have become so accus-
tomed to the every-day sights of your life
that they do not strike you as interesting.
When I came to turn my attention to the
matter I was surprised to find how many
things there were that might be of interest
to people in other parts of the country, or in
the large cities. For instance there is the
process of brick making : " From Clay to
the Finished Brick," as I would head my ar-
ticle. Then there is the manufacture of
lumber. The great mills of Saginaw are in-
teresting objects to one who has never seen
one ill operation. Then there is the i)rocess
of salt making, seen by comparatively few
people, winch may be seen at Saginaw, in
all of its details. Even the matter of clear-
ing a field of pine stumps is not without in-
terest. I have seen many fields that were
almost completely covered with the removed
stumps, the great number of octopus-like
roots forming a picturesque scene for a pho-
tograph. Then I have seen these fields after
the roots had been cut from the stumps, and
the bodies of the stumps rolled into line,
making a fence that is '' horse high " and
" bull strong," although it re(iuires consider-
able work and ingenuity to make it "hog
tight." Before the winter is over I expect
to photograph and write up •' fishing througii
the ice," describing the catching of min-
nows for bait, their preservation alive
until wanted, the manner of setting the
hooks, etc., etc. I mention these things
simply to show whatai)parently trivial things
may be of interest to those who have never
seen them. When on my way to Canada,
next summer, my first stopping place will
probably be at Port Huron, where the tun-
nel under the St. (^lair river, the engine used
to draw the cars through the tunnel, etc.,
will receive the attention of myself and
camera. < )f course, I shall be glad to hear
from subscribers in regard to objects of in-
terest in their localities. Don't think this or
that is not worth mentioning. It may be the
very thing that 1 would most desire to see.

THK MICUIOAN STATE CONVENTION.

The attendance at the State convention
just held in this city was a little better than
that of last year at Lansing, ('onsideriug
the short time that has elapsed since the

grand gathering at Chicago, and the " hard
times," it is not surprising that the crowd
was not a large one.

SELLING HONEY WITHOUT EMPLOYING COM
MISSION MEN.

For several years Mr. Byron Walker, of
Evart, Michigan, has made quite a business
of selling honey direct to retailers. He has
had sufficient experience to enable him to
profitably sell not only his own honey, but to
buy and sell honey at a profit. He admits
that not every one is adapted to the business
of salesman. He had one man in his em-
ploy a month without his making a sale. A
salesman must be able to convince buyers
that his goods are better or cheaper, or both
better or cheaper, than can be bought else-
where. Grocerymen are usually busy, and
it requires tact and patience to talk with
them and secure orders. He admitted that
some commission men were honest and hon-
orable, but his experience with them had
been such that he believed that many of
them secured 10 or 1.') per cent, instead of
the customary .') per cent. He stated that he
could usually buy honey cheaper of commis-
sion men than of producers. He had tried
to buy honey of some man and failed. Later
he thought the same honey of a commission
man for less money. From this price must
then come freight and commission. In one
instance he bought fine white comb honey
for only V2 cents, and was allowed to go
through tlie cases and select only such sec-
tions as suited him, leaving the second class
to be sold to some other customer. The
commission man has not the incentive to
get a good price as has the producer. In
selling a crate of honey the odd ounces are
sometimes disregarded, and for this reason
it is advisable to change some of the sections
for heavier or lighter ones until each crate
contains an exact number of pounds, (^uite
a number reported the getting of good prices
when selling honey through commission
men, and some advised the limiting of the
price when consigning the honey.

FIONKY KLOKA OF NOUTHERN MIOHKiAN.

According to a paper from the Hon. Geo.
E. Hilton, the Northern portion of Michigan
furnishes excellent locations for the raising
of honey. The willow, maple, raspberry,
clover, basswood, willow herb, aster, and
golden rod, furnish an almost continual How
from early spring to frost. There is also to

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

be found that desirable condition in which
the country is only partly cleared. Mr.
Walker said that the willow herb, that was
looked upon as a never-failing source, had
failed the past year.

EXPEKIMENTAL, WOEK IN APIOULTUUK.

The Hon. R. L. Taylor read the essay that
appears this month under the head of "Work
at Michigan's Experimental Apiary." There
was a unanimous expression of interest in
the work and a resolution was passed asking
the State Board to continue the experiments
with Mr. Taylor in charge, also asking that
the decisions in regard tt) line of experi-
ments to be performed be left with the ex-
ecutive board of the Michigan Bee- Keepers'
Association, in consultation with the api-
arist.

THE FUTUBE OF THE SUPPLY TUADE.

Mr. M. H. Hunt, of this State, has had
quite an experience as a dealer in and manu-
facturer of supplies. He commenced in a
small way and has gradually built up a trade
that has reached !|1;10,00() a year. He has
discovered that the small manufacturer, with
poor and limited machinery, cannot compete
in price or quality of goods with the larger
concern having superior machinery and
skilled workmen. He thinks that the small
manufacturers will find a more profitable
field in selling tlie products of the larger
concerns. He cites the case of the small
cabinet shop^that a few years ago were scat-
tered over the country. They liave all dis-
appeared so far as manufacturing is con-
cerned. The large factories are making all
the furniture, and as a result we get better
furniture for less money. He predicts the
same future for the supply trade. Thus does
specialty always win.

EXHIBITING HONEY AT KAIBH.

Another man who is always on hand at
conventions, Mr. H. D. Cutting, was kept
away this time by the sickness (La Gri[)pe)
of three members of his family. He sent a
good paper showing that a great many peo-
ple bought honey at the fairs that had never
before bought any. Sometimes the sale of a
single section led to the sale of a case of
honey. Dealers reported an increase of de-
mand for honey because of the attention that
had been called to honey from its exhibi-
tion.

MOISTURE IN BEE OKLLARS.

Mr. S. Corneil, of Canada, sent a paper
entitled " Moisture in the Bee Cellar ; What

it can do and What we can do." As he has
so fully stated his views upon this subject, in
the Review, it will scarcely bo worth while
to go over the matter again. In a large re-
pository for storing away a large number of
colonies there should be special arrange-
ments for ventilation, and he recommended
the Smead system of ventilation. Mr. Tay-
lor did not agree entirely with Mr. Corneil.
His cellar was well ventilated. The chimney
extends down to the l)ottom of the cellar,
and has an opening at the bottom. Usually,
the bees have wintered well, but not always.
He thought the conditions, so far as moist-
ure and ventilation were concerned, were
the same each year. He had also had bees
winter well when the inside of their hives
was dripi)ing wet and the combs covered
with mould.

HONEY A FANCY ARTICLE— ITS ADULTERATION.

Mr. Heddon had been expected to be pres-
ent, but the appointment of his assistant
editor, Mr. H. A. Burch, to the postmaster-
ship of Dowagiac, left so much on his hands
that it was impossible for him to leave. He
sent a paper, however, in which he stren-
uously opposed the idea that honey will ever
become staple. He asserted that it will al-
ways remain a fancy article and advised bee-
keepers to do all in their power to put it up in
fancy shape and bring it before the public in
that condition. He then very vehemently
opposed the stir that is continually being
made by bee-keepers in regard to adultera-
tion. As he has done before, he argued that
the hue and cry was doing far more damage,
by prejudicing the public mind, than is the
adulteration, because adulterators are not
so foolish as to put upon the market an uq-
palatable compound. He referred to the
change in the constitution of the Bee-Keep-
ers' Union which allows the Union to pros-
ecute adulterators, as an unwise change.
Manager Newman had declared that in the
present state of the art of chemistry, anal-
yzatit)!! was not sufficient proof of adultera-
tion, besides, where there are laws, they are
so varied that the Union found it impossible
to cope with the su{)posed practice.

That bee-keepers should pay no attention
to the adulteration of their product is not to
be expected, but, unless they can do some-
thing to stop it, I must say that I agree with
Mr. Heddon that the continual agitation of
the subject only arouses suspicion in the
minds of consumers and thereby injures
the pursuit.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

In reply to an inquiry, Mr. Taylor, Presi-
dent of the Union, said that there had been
complaints of adulteration brought before
the Union, but, from lack of evidence, there
had been no prosecutions.

PKEPAKATIONS FOE WINTEE.

Bro. Holterman, of the C. B. J. sent a
paper on the subject of preparing bees for
winter. Many of us, he said, were satisfied
if we could bring out a hive in the spring
containing life. If the hairs of the bees
would only turn grey with age, they would
tell a different story. There is, however,
another index : compare our crops from year
to year with those of our neighbors. There
should be early preparation, strong colonies
with bees in the full vigor of life and plenty
of wholesome stores. With the present
prices for bees in the spring, he did not be-
lieve that it was profitable to winter bees for
the purpose of selling them in the spring.
He would destroy the poorest in the fall. If
bees need feeding in the fall, he would not
feed direct to the needy stocks, but select the
strongest of those doomed to destruction,
feed to them, letting them store it in an extra
set of combs, and then give the filled combs
to the needy colonies. He thought that by
this method there would be less loss of
stores and vitality. He would contract the
brood chamber to suit the size of the colony.
The evening session" of the first day was
held at the home of the Review where baby
Fern insisted upon taking a part in proceed-
ings, and the members present were given
an opportunity to " sample the fair nectar
of the California orange blossoms," to quote
from one of the " resolutions " passed.
^ The next meeting will be held in Detroit,
and, as Mr. Hunt is President, we may rest
assured that the arrangements will be all
that could be desired.

EXTRT^OXED.

Two Queens in One Hive Not Always a
Success.
This matter of having two queens in one
hive, with a division board of perforated
zinc between, or of a solid division board,
but the bees mixing at the entrance, has been
discussed quite a little the past season.
Nearly all the reports have been that of suc-
cess, and for that reason I feel like giving

the following from the pen of Mr. Corneil
and published in Gleanings:

" During the past two or three years the
British Bee Journal has been full of what
is, in England, called the ' Wells plan.' Mr.
Wells puts two colonies into the same hive in
the fall. They are separated by a wooden
division-board about three-sixteenths of an
inch thick, perforated with holes a little too
small to allow a bee to pass through. The
perforations are almost half an inch apart.
The bees use the same entrance, the mem-
bers of each family taking their own sides
of the division board.

At the beginning of the honey flow, in the
following summer, queen-excluding zinc is
placed over the frames, and surplus cham-
bers are put on in which the bees of both col-
onies work in common, without fighting,
and, I believe, without the loss of many
queens. The amount of surplus obtained is
regarded as the product of one hive ; and
when comoared with the surplus stored by a
colony having only one^queen, is, as might be
expected, larger ; but I do not recollect see-
ing any evidence that it is more than twice
as large.

As I use the closed-end Quinby frames, aii
I needed to give the plan a trial was the per-
forated division board ; so in the summer of
1892 I arranged eight colonies in four pairs
on the above plan. After leaving them about
a week, to get the same scent, I put sections
en two of the double stocks, and the other
two I ran for extracted honey. There was
no fighting, but in 12 days the perforations
in the division boards were mostly filled with
propolis. Those worked for comb honey
swarmed early, both colonies at the same
time, and then they sulked and gave me
little profit. I gave eight combs, lOxlG
inches, inside measure, to each of the col-
onies run for extracted honey, for a brood-
nest, and over the queen excluders I placed
two stories of 16 combs each, making 48
combs in all. These colonies seemed to do
pretty well for a while ; but on examination
I found three out of the four queens missing,
although there had been no swarming.

Having taken the notion to run two fam-
ilies side by side, I started about 20 nuclei at
the side of as many populous colonies ; but
instead of using the perforated division
boards I used thin solid boards, having two
rows of perforated queen-excluding metal at
the bottom, a strip of the metal being tacked
on each side of the wood to keep the queens
from ' touching noses.' The queen-cells
hatched all right enough ; and as the bees
had their own entrance in a different direc
tion from tliat used by the bees of the main
hive, I expected to have the young queens
successfully fertilized ; but before the time
came, when they might be ext)ected to be
laying, they mysteriously disappeared —
killed, as I supposed, by the bees of the main
hive.

My son and I decided, on finding our
queens all gone, that working bees on the
twin-hive principle would not pay us ; so we
separated our colonies, and have not tried it
since.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

From the experience 1 have had I would
advise bee-keepers not to risk too much in
working two queens in one hive."

I could never see any advantage in the
Wells system that might not be gained by
simply reducing the size of our hives. Put-
ting two queens in a large hive is simply in-
creasing the "queen power," if the express-
ion is allowable, and reducing the size of a
single hive does the same.

Detecting Adulterated Honey.

If there is any one thing that we need to
" go slow on," and be sure we are right be-
fore we go ahead, it is in the matter of de-
tecting honey adulteration. The foremost
chemists of our land are beginning to admit
that in some instances it is exceedingly dif-
ficult to determine to a certainty in regard
to the purity of some samples of honey.
Years ago Mr. Muth's honey (a sample; was
pronounced "probably impure." Mr. Muth's
reputation saved him, although this report
caused him much annoyance and some loss.
But suppose Mr. Muth had had enemies who
would have rejoiced in his downfall, how
would the case have been then ? I am not
pleading for adulteration, but it is a terrible
thing to accuse a man of a misdemeanor of
which he is not guilty. How would you feel,
my friend, to be brought into court and
fined for the adulteration of honey, when the
only evidence was the analyzation of the
honey, and that analyzation performed per-
haps from the formula of some old chemical
work ? These thoughts are brought to mind
by reading the following taken from the
American Bee Journal.

" A case of alleged adulteration of honey
recently came up in ttie Cleveland courts,
and the seller of the product was fined. The
item reads thus : * George G. Willard, of
Cleveland, 0., has been arrested and fined
.$70.85 (including costs) for selling adulter-
ated honey.' The court relied for its decis-
ion upon the report of a chemical analysis
of the honey itself. Mr. Willard claims that
he did not adulterate it, but sold it just as it
came from the bee-keeper in whose apiary it
was produced.

Owing to the unreliability of chemical
tests of honey, it behooves every honest
honey-producer to carefully mark or label
each package of honey he produces and sends
out from his apiary. Verily, there are in-
teresting times ahead, if courts in cases of
alleged honey adulteration are to base their
decisions upon the results of so-called chem-
ical tests. The Bee-Keepers' Union may
have to step in and help in these matters."

One year ago the constitution of the Bee-
Keepers' Union was so changed that it could

use its funds and influence for any purpose
in furthering the interests of apiculture.
The principal idea in view in making this
change was that it might thereby fight adul-
teration. It will be a little remarkable if its
first work in dealing with the matter should
be defending bee-keepers who are unjustly
prosecuted for adulteration.

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

fAM not going to be contrary this time
about that station report in last Re-
view. I thaw out. If I don't mind I
shall actually get enthusiastic and say that
it is a real nice and valuable piece of work.
After the foundation man had stuffed us
until we almost thought the bee was nowhere
compared with " our extra-thin," it is pleas-
ant to have it authoritatively proven that the
bee in person is just nicely leading the race,
so far a delicacy of work goes. And it's
quite instructive to see that flat bottomed
foundation, although much the lightest of
all while in the sheet, comes in seventh in a
class of nine as to weight of wax in the
finished comb base. Presumably the little
creatures tinker at it and punch it, because
it don't look natural, and put on more wax
while doing so. As the micrometer meas-
urements give it a little higher standing
(fifth instead of seventh) probably the added
wax is stuck into the angles.

And what do these dry tables say ? Wash-
burn says, I can read a single ten thousandth.
Beal, although a college man at work at his
regular business, says, five ten thousandths
is close enough for me, and ends all his fig-
ures with 5 or 0, This reviewer rather ad-
mires his candor. Both find great variation
of thickness in some of the samples. Very
likely bees part of the time plaster instead
of annealing the surface they think too hard
and smooth. Both find natural bases uni-
form in thickness. And as one says .50 and
the other ,57 the 7 seems to be the " personal
equation " of the two men, one looking to
see how thick it is, and the other looking to
see how thi^i it is. (^r perhaps Beal mentally
tossed a copper whether to say .50 or .55 and
the wrong figure got it. The uniformity of
natural comb extends, I am quite sure, only
to comb made in the same batch. At least

THE BEE-KEEPERS' MEVIEW.

occasional pieces of natural drone comb are
built atrociously thick and heavy.

Many folks will be enabled to use their
last year's foundation with lighter heart
after reading this report. Old very nearly
as good as the new (as long as it don't get
daubed with propolis.) And now for the
Given press again, eh ? We used to hear
that Given foundation was better than roller
foundation, but we had settled back in our
chairs thinking that probably that was " all
in the eye " of the man who wanted to sell
presses. Instead of a renewed attempt to
peddle the presses why not have a few of the
best possible presses made, and used by the
great manufacturers? They can then sell the
product side by side with that of the roller
mills, charging a small advance in price. In
the course of time, if people generally be-
come convinced that such a course is best,
the roller mill can be retired altogether.
Moreover I think an inventor only a mere
trifle smarter than Edison might invent rolls
that would turn off sheets with just as plastic
a surface as the press gives. But let's have
no more " say so " without the proven real-
ity— had too much of that already.

THE Progressive,

The Progressive calls it " Ueberwinterung
der Bienen," and prints the article in geese
tracks. Nice way to avoid disgusting south-
ern readers who don't want to hear about
" Wintering Bees," but I'll just go and tell.
And how does the Progressive get along since
last inspection ? Nicely holding its own,
thank you. Friend Leahy has taken to him-
self a mate, not in the usual way, but in a
way that even Rambler and myself can ap-
prove. So the journal has an " Editok "
and an "editok" now — the added pen be-
ing no other than our friend E. F. Quigley,
the former editor. Welcome, and congratu-
lations !

One little individuality in which this jour-
nal stands alone is that it has a regular poet,
and a good one. Note the strength of the
lines below.

" Wlio art thou ? Aud we hear him say
(In icy tones we all roinember)
I am the brother of fair May
And June— the year's last born, December.'

WILL WAKD MITCHELL.

S. E. Miller's notes from the Star Apiary
continue. As one cannot eiptomize a string
of items it must suffice to say that they are
good. Somnambulist, not quite so happy as
usual for December, did a specially excel-

lent piece of work in the November number,

in the word painting of Chicago day at the

World's Fair.

" The street cars were not street cars at all, but
simply great balls of people, held together by
some strange cohesion, * * Conductors
climed all over the passengers, and tramped
upon toes promiscuously, in their frantic efforts
to collect fares. * * j ^m still alive, and
any of you can go in my place next time."

Beg pardon for trying doggerel on the sit-
uation so eloquently set off in prose, but
this seems about the size of it —

The crowd, a sea, its waters gone,
Naught but six feet of human eels ;
Each street car was a human swarm,
A clustered swarm of bees on wheels.

E. T. Flanagan finds stealing a sad draw-
back on out apiaries. Mrs. Hallenbeck tells
with simple grace how she came to be a bee-
keeper. J. W. Rouse advises attending far-
mer's institutes. C. W. Dayton essays the
not very difficult job of an interesting article
about California bee-keeping —

" Losses by starvation are as extensive in Cal-
ifornia as losses from wintering in the north.
Starvation culls out the poorest working col-
onies, while winter losses take good and poor
alike." Progressive, 224.

This indeed is a very valuable salvage to
offset starvation losses, the decided improve-
ment of the stock. Winter fosses fail to ac-
complish this. One kind of winter losses,
in fact, works the other way and destroys
the best colonies — the winter starvation of
those colonies that are too free to put their
honey in the sections. .J. B. Dann adds an
item to a matter we decidedly need to know
about, the diarrhtjea of starvation. His case
was in July. Perhaps famine made them
seek and eat unwholesome things, which
otherwise they would not have touched.

The Progressive copies but little, only the
Michigan reports in this number. When a
journal gets so as to never copy anything
merely to fill up, but only when there is
something which its readers could not well
afford to miss, then it steps from a lower to
higher class.

Friend A. F. Brown seems to be the pro-
gressive " king bee " of migratory bee-
keeping.

" I have followed this system two years mak-
ing from three to four moves each year, cover-
ing distances of from 20 to 800 miles, by cars,
boats and teams, and I have fully demonstrated
it to be a practical success, by securing three
good surplus crops in one season " Progress-
ive, 208.

But some of us sleepy old chaps would not
enjoy having an invisible policeman always
calling out from the almanac and saying
" Move on, move on !"

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Friend Conser (November Progressive.
207) thinks he has found how to have all
brood combs attached at the bottom. Put
on two bottom bars with a bee space be-
tween. Reckon he's " a mile off." It is not
because bees ivant another space there, but
because of their constant habit of running
to the bottom to pinch off a little wax when
they need some to use, that combs so gener-
ally do not touch the bottom bar. Even
when the keeper takes pains to cut away and
till in solid with cut comb, in a few years the
little " snipes " will have the bottom open
again — all lugged off piece meal.

I have for some time felt that something
ought to be said about the Conser system of
non-swarming, as the power to suppress
swarming is so greatly longed for. Emphat-
ically, however, it is the actual reported re-
sults— real non-swarming, in swarming ter-
ritory, side by side with other bees that did
swarm plentifully, that m,ust settle the mat-
ter. Arguing the scheme is little better than
mere "yawp." Who has had half his bees
swarm terribly, and half refrain on account
of the Conser method V Most of us will save
our cheers till we hear from him. It strikes
me that the leading idea, constant supply of
empty combs for the queen, and the sealed
brood removed to emerge elsewhere, can be
licked into shape in a better method than
that which Mr. Conser uses. Alas, the empty
comb will probably have to be put in more
frequently than one would wish to visit an
out-apiary ! And maybe — yes, a swarm of
maybees — so much tinkering would stimu-
late swarm fever more than keeping the
queen busy would cool it.

THE PRACTICAL BEE- KEEPER,

How great is Canada to have room for a
baby in its shanty, besides that lusty short
boy the C, B. J. ! All the same, talent and
tact, and persistent well doing and waiting
(patience-on-a-monument variety) will make
a successful journal. And building cheaply
and cautiously on the foundation of a sup-
ply business will make a sort of a one, that
may develop by and by.

About the raciest article is a letter from

W. F. Clarke, the key note of which may be

taken from this sentence —

"I'd rather be a kitten and cry 'mew ' than a
dumb dog of an Editor, wearing a muzzle put on
me by my subscribers." Page 11.

Just imagine once what an article might

be built up around that sentiment, and you

have it.

Heddon appears on the subject of top bars,
and runs a tilt against the idea that close
lateral spacing at top prevents brace comb.
He adduces one rather striking evidence.
Slatted honey boards with wide spaces are
but little obstructed with comb, but if nar-
rowed down to queen excluding distance they
will be half plugged up.

Doolittle gives a practical talk on getting
ready for winter, and charges a large share
of the disgrace of winter losses to the ex-
tractor, and the consequent condition of
having nothing but late honey for winter on.
Also a much longer wintering article of
Doolittle's is copied from Gleanings.

The adviser for beginners is David Stew-
art of Tilbury ; and he does a very good
job.

Peter Bussey is going to tell them next
time how to prevent swarming. May we all
be there to hear. N. H. Smith pertinently
notices that how to winter bees is practically
about the same thing as how to make bee-
keeping pay. No one proposes to suppress
the latter subject as tiresome. The publish-
er. Friend Ouellette (our folks will doubt-
less pronounce him Owlet, when they should
begin him with a W) he is lucky in being out
of reach of Uncle Sam's baby-killers, for he
spreads his own advertisements around at a
great rate.

The special feature of the Practical seems
to be translations from foreign bee journals.
This is a corner in which there is plenty of
room, and editor Leigh (if it is he; deserves
credit for pouncing upon it

And we gpntly beg

All men who see
Say not Owlet and Leg

But Wellet and Lee,

The article from the French by the chem-
ist Dr. Haenle on his dialysis method of de-
tecting adulteration, and the one from the
Italian of Dr. Metelli concerning the over-
stocking of locations, are worthy additions
to our bee reading. Metelli also says else-
where that the worst enemy of the hive is the
man who wants to make the honey himself
instead of letting the bees.

Pleasant to see that the Practical shows no
look of trying to make the least matter cover
the most space. On the whole the new child
is not a five pound baby but a twelve pound
one.

The General round Up

S. T. Pettit of Belmont, Canada, hived a
lot of swarms, giving them a surplus of

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

drone comb at the outset, hoping thereby to
get them to build unbroken worker sheets.
Failure. Like trying to keep a tramp from
drinking beer by giving him two or three
glasses of beer in advance. A. B. J., C27.

Simmins thinks bees swarm on account of
the negligence of their keepers. No sir, the
nearest to non-swarmers that there are are
bees totally neglected. He would put in an
empty frame in the center occasionally, tak-
ing out an outside comb of honey to make
room. This is in line with the Conser idea,
and may be good as far as it goes. Young
queens is another of his items — also good as
far as it goes. His grand gum-game is get-
ting the colony to building in an added
chamber underneath. Out of place, I think,
to decide about this till we have reports of
actual trial in this country. Mr. Alpaugh
already reports that he has tried and don't
like it, A. B. ./., (188-690.

Friend Muth, the honey dealer, feels a lit-
tle sore to find that after all the protert some
still soak honey barrels previous to filling
them for shipment. Honey draws the mois-
ture right out and leaking sets in.

" I have used the Heddon hive in lar^e num-
bers for several years, and I have no hesitancy in
saying; that it is my choice." W, Z. Hutchinson,
A, B. J , 695.

Trego says heat queen cages in my lady's
oven and wax 'em with wax. No, no, says
Ernest, wax 'em with parafiQne put on with a
sash brush. Gleanings, 312.

In summer famine time Dr. Tinker raised
a batch of queens by the process (or non-
process) of removing the old queen and let-
ting the bees do the rest. They could all go
right through zinc anywhere, pretty strong
proof of inferiority. He also finds that with
too many young queens chambered off in
one hive the bees will not feed them up to
the point of taking a mating flight, and their
lives are in vain. With queen zinc and drone
zinc the Dr. thinks there is no longer any
need of mating queens in confinement.
Gleanings, 829, 8:50.

Friend Fradenburg wants to drown several
bees in a small quantity of honey to test the
actual flavor of formic acid, and guess better
whether bees poke some into the honey with
their tails, or otherwise. 'Frnid the flavor
of some other ejecta might preponderate.
Better pull sting p,nd poison sao, and touch
several poison drops to a big drop of honey.
Even then 1 fear conclusions miglit be quite
inconclusive. See Gleanings, 8,50.

RiOHAKDS, Lucas Co., Ohio, Dec, 21, '9;{.

ADVERTISEMENTS

//=• YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send Sl.i'O
to Prof. A J. Cook, Agricultural College, Mich.,
for his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

—If you are going to —

BUY A BUZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

New Heddon Hive

FOR Having bouglit the Canadian

l).itont on the above liive I am
liici)ared to supply it in any com-
bination to the bee - keepers of
I Canada. Circulars of interest to
,, , „ all mailed free. Write for one.

11-98-tf A. E. H08HAL, Beamsville, Ont.

Please mention the Reuieui.

mm.

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One Sample Copy, loc. Single Numbers, 25c.
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All Postnmste-s are authorized to take
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Overland Monthly Pub. Co.

San Francisco, Cal.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our
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Scroll Saw, which is the
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construction of their hives,
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^ 11 -92-1 6t

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FOB OATALOOtJE, PRIOKS, ETC.,

Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

Please mention the Reuieui.

The Ghoicest

TE5TED QUEEM5

Will be ready for mailing in the early spring at
$1.0!) each. Exclusive attention given to queen
breeding. Have furnished Northern queen
breeders for years Send in your orders early
and have your choice of the (rolden Italians, or
the Imported Stock.

J. W. K. SHAW & CO.
Loreauville, La.
Money order New Iberia.

World's Fair Medal

Awarded my Foundation. Send for free
samples. Dealers, write for wltolosale prices.
Root's new Polished. Sections and other
goods at his prices. Free Illustrated Price
List of every thing needed in the apiary.

n- H. HUMT,

Bell Branch, Mich.

Please mention the Reuieta.

S^r-finp^^ AIM-,

— aft^Bee- Hivejf

AND OTIIEU

Bee-Keepers' Appliances

AT BED ROCK PRICES.

Best of Goods zit Lowest Prices.

Write for free, illustrated catalogue and price
list.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

Watertown, "Wis.

5,000 QUEENS

Tb? 5-B?vn<l9<l GoN^p Itz^Iizin Queens
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<?tc.

AVy circula^r Is po^w rea<Iy. SeP<J for it.

J. P. niCHAEL.,

German, Darke Co, Ohio,

EARLY

GOLDEN

ITALIAN

QUEENS

Bred for bu iness from selected strains.
Ready in March, at $1.00 each, or six for $5.00.
For pa rticulars and testimonials, send for cir-
cular, J. B. CASE, PJrt Orange, Fla.

FOUR MONTHS

THE CANADIAN BEE JOURNAL, a live bee
paper edited by R. F. Holtebman will be sent
to any new subscriber for four months tor 25c.
in stamps or silver. Renewals $1.00 per year.
Vddress (tOold, Shapley & jMuiB Co , Ltd.,
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25 CENTS.

A handsome portfolio containing eight En-
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the portfolio if preferred, sent postpaid with
any new $1;00 subscription.

BEES

QXJEEIsrS,

SECTIONS, SMOKERS,
^^^^^^^ COMB FOUNDATION

And all Apiarian Supplies. Send for Catalogue.
E.T. FLANAGAN, Belleville, 111.

SECTIONS

$2.50 Per Thousand.

During the month of January 1 will sell No 1
Sections at $2.50 per thousand. Hives, Frames,
Shiijping Cases, and the Terry Potato Crate are
my specialties. A 16 page Price List free.

J. f^. KEMZIE,

l-94-tf Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

HATCH CHICKENS BY STEAM

^^^^^ Excelsior Incubator.

Simple, Perfect, Sel/.Regu.
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first-clasB Hatcher made.
GEOjaj^TAHIijQulncyjUl

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

I Names of Bee - Keepers.

TYPE WRITTEN.

HBBBBBISBBEISBBBBBBBEEBBBBBE

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. Tiiere are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SUPPLY HOUSE

J. H.M COOK. 78 Barclay St., N. Y. City.

(SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf

Sir d for illustrated Catalogue
Pidiun the Review

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

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GOLDEN

ITlLltN

QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1893. For
tlie price, we have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1.50 and isret one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-93-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Reuiew.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat - Bottom Foiiiiflalioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,

(SOLE MANUFAOTUBEBS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mon-^Co.,N"Y

Dadant's Gomli Foundation.

■ Wholesale and Retail. Even our competitors
acknowledge that our goods are the Standaed
of their kind. liangstroth on tlie Honey
Bee, Revised. New edition. Bee Veils;
and veil material at wholesale. Bee Supplies,
Sections, Smokers, etc Samples of Founda-
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tions to beginners. Send your address to

GHAS. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, Ills.

4 -93-121 Please mention the Reuiew.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

F0:R 1894.

Before yon purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J, P. H, BROWN,
1-88-tf. Aufirusta, Georgia.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

THE ODELL

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THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

GOLO[N OUE[IIS from TEXAS,

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAUTY AND GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— March, April and May —
$1 00 each. 15'1 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders, $1.50 each. Orderearly. Send for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,

l-94-6f Box 3. LISBON, TEX

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. ^, V\ rue for
special prices on winter orders in large or small
lots, including all other Supplies. Also Berry
(Urates and Baskets made up or in flat.

Address, BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,
Berlin Heights, Ohio.

IMPORTAWT^^

To make a success of bee keeping, you want
bees that will give the very best results. My
Golden Italians have gained a good name on
their own merits- Those who have tested them
with other bees say "they are the best honey
gatherers, cap their honey the whitest, as gentle
as butterflies, beautiful to look at, are the largest
and strongest bee of all the races." Queens
bred from mothers that produce uniformly
marked

piVE"BnflDED WOt^KHt^S

In March, April and May, $1.25 each, 6 for $6.00 ;
June, $1 00 each, 6 for $5.00; July to Nov., $1.00
each, 6 for $4.50, Special prices on large orders.
For full particulars send for descriptivecircular.
12-92-tf C. D. DUVALL,

Spencerville, Montg. Co., Maryland.

lllnstraied Advertlsmeats Attract Aiteation.

4^'

'^"

Blneham PerFect Smokers.

Cheapest a*d Best on Earth .
Patented 1878, 1882 and 1892.

SEND CARD TO

T. F. BINGHAM,

Abronia, <Viich. for Free II-
Instratpd 1894 Price List of
PERFECT Honey Knives
and Smokers,

cuts Furnlslied for all lUastratlns Pnrposes.

Bind Your Back Volumes.

The back volumes of the Review are some-
what different from those of some journals ;
many of them are, to a large extent, little pam-
phlets devoted to the discussion of special top
ics. For this reason they will always be partic-
ularly valuable for reference. But how provok-
ing It is wnen desiring to consult some back
number, to find that that particular number is
missing— has been lost or mislaid. To avoid
such annoyance, some have fastened together
the issues of each year by tacking them together
with wire nails, or something of the sort. This
is better than nothing, but there is a lack of
flexibility, the book does not open out easily so
that it can be read, there is no protection to the
outside leaves, besides there is nothing hand-
some about such an arrangement.

There is a book binder here in Flint that does
excellent work at a fair price. He will put the
first five volumes of the Review into one hand-
some volume with morocco back and corners,
putting the title on the back in gilt letters, and
giving the edges of the leaves a neat, reddish
tinge — all for $1.25.

Send me your back numbers, either by mail or
express, and I will get the work done and return
the book when bound, making no charge for my
services, as the binder allows me a small com-
mission, and should any of your back numbers
or volumes be missing, I shall be glad to furnish
them as long as the supply lasts, simply charg-
ing the regular price for them, which is as fol-
lows: Vols. I and II, five cents a copy; Vol. Ill,
four cents a copy ; Vols. IV and V, eight cents a
copy.

The time will soon come when some of the
back numbers will be difficult to obtain, and if
you care for the Review complete from the be-
ginning, nicely bound, now is the time to attend
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THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

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FEB., 1894.

Year.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

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Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee • Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, sojfar as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
" No. 1 dark,'' etc.

CHICAGO 111.— We are selling a little fancy
comb honey, but the market is very quiet. We
quote as follows : Fancy white, 15; No, 1 white,
14 ; fancy amber, 13 ; No. 1 amber, 13 : No. 1 dark,
10; white extracted, 6; amber extracted, Wi to
6 ; beeswax, 20 to 22.

J. A. LAMON.

Jan. 2. 44 & 48 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO. 111. — The Chicago market has
plenty of honey, and 14c seems to be the outside
price obtainable. Any thing that will not grade
strictly _ No. 1 must be sold at 12 to 13. Large
quantiti'3s have been sold, but the supply is at
present in excess of the demand. Extracted
finds ready sale at 6 to 6!^ for Northern honey ;
Southern, in barrels, 5. Beeswax, 22 to 24.

CHICAGO, 111.— The market is quiet, as it
usually is at this time of the year. W'e quote as
follows : Fancy white, 15 ; No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ;
fancy dark, 10 to 12 ; beeswax, 20 to li.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Jan. 2. 161 So. Water St., Chicago. 111.

KANS.4S CITY, Mo.— Thedemand for all kinds
of honey is very light. We quote as follows :
No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; No 1 amber. 13 to 14; fancy
dark. 10 to 12 : No. 1 dark, 10 ; white extracted,
7 to 7'/2; amber extracted, 6; dark extracted, 5;
beeswax, 20 to 22.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,
Jan 2. .521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

Dec. 19.

S. T. FISH & Co.,
189 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— The market is ver.v

weak at present, but, evidently will be better

later on. We quote as follows : Fancy-white, 16

to 17; No. 1 white. 15; fancy amber, 13'i to 14;

No 1 amber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 : white extracted.

6(4 to 7; amber extracted, 6; dark extracted, 5'/4.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,

116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Jan. 2.

NEW YORK, N. Y.— The demand for comb
honey has almost ceased, while the market is yet
well stocked. In order to move round lots, the
prices given must be "shaded." Extracted is in
fair demand, but the supply is abundant. Bees
wax meets with a ready sale at the prices given.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13 ; No.
1 white, 11 to \'i\ fancy amber, 11 ; fancy dark,
10; white extracted, 6 to 6}^; amber extracted,
5)^; dark extracted, 5; beeswax, 26 to 27.

HILDRETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN,
Jan. 2. 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

BUFFALO, N. Y — The honey market is quiet,
stock on hand is liberal and trade light, except
on the second grade which is now moving off
more readily on account of the lower price.
There is al.eo an excellent demand for buckwheat
honey of which there is a light supply. .V liberal
supply could be handled here very satisfactorily.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 14 to 15 ; No.
1 white. 12 to 13; fancy dark, 10 to 11; No. 1 dark,
8 to 9; white extracted, 6 to 7; dark extracted,
6 ; beeswax, 25 to 30.

BATT5RS0N t CO .
Jan. 2. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

ALBINO

Qu^eoj Evpd Bee5

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generally. See our circular. S. V.VLENTINE,
2-94-3t Hagarstown, Md.

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THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

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THE BEE-KEEPERS' ±iEVIEW.

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VOL VN, FLiNT, MiCl

FEB, 10, 1894.

NO. 2.

AVork at Midiip-an's
Exp 3ri] jient^J

R. L, iAYLOE, APIAEIS'I',
FOUL BROOD, ITS SYMPTOMS AND OUiw^

"Diseases, desperate gr&wn
By desperate appliance ave reliev'd,
Or not at all."— SW/IAS.

■pj URING the
ly season I have
given consider-
able attention to
the disease known
among bee-keep-
ers as foul brood
which from i< sin -
sidionSj highly
contagious and
deadly character
is the one disease
of the hive to be
greatly dreaded by the apiarist. It no doubt
attacks and greatly curtails the life and
usefulness of the mature bes but it is in the
case of the bee in the larval state that its
destructive effects are most evident. Like
many of the diseases to which the human
family is subject it is induced fcy bactjria to
which in this particular case theii!";me bacil-
lus alvei is given, and such is its naVignity
that when once present, unless propf .neas-
ures are taken to keep it in checl: u the
course of three or four yuars ^ v^?s : aries

are swept away. I am inclined to thmkthat
it is often present where not suspected and
that often the destruction ascribed to the
severity of the winter should be assigned
to it.

How to detect the presence of the disease
and how to efifect its cure are the practical
points to which my attention has been chiefly
directed.

My experience with it i"^, not confined to
the past season but runs back over the past
seven years during which I have cured more
than one hundred cases largely during the
first two years of the period, but I became
so interested in the study of the disease and
so certain that I could control it that I was
not anxious to be entirely rid of it preferring
rather at some risk to get as thorough and
practical acquaintance as possible with its
peculiarities and with the best methods of
dealing with it.

It would be important to know if possible
all the ways in which the disease is conveyed
from one colony to another. Whether the
bacteria may be carried in the air to a new
hive or whether a bee from a diseased col-
ony may carry them out on its feet or body
and in gathering nectar deposit them on the
flowers so that they may become by chance
attached to another bee from a healthy col-
ony in its visits to the same flowers aud thus
become the means of spreading the disease,
or whether a bee from a diseased colony will
convey the disease if on returning from the
field with a load of nectar it enter a hive not
its own I know not, but there are numerou

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ways by which the disease may certainly be
spread which should be familiar to every
bee-keeper. They all depend upon the prin-
ciple that the incorporation of the bacteria
with the food to be yiven the larval beos will
start the disease afresh.

Some of the more common ways in which
this is done are the following :

1st. The " swarmine'out " of bees from a
diseased hive and coalescing with a healthy
colony.

•2nd. The arliticial uniting of a mass of
bees from a diseased colony with a healthy
colony.

P>rd. The giving of a comb from a dis-
eased colony or even a very small piece of
such diseased comb to a healthy colony.

4th. The robbing of a diseased colony by
bees from a healthy colony.

5th. The feeding of honey taken from
diseased colonies to healthy bees.

When it is known that the disease is caused
by bacteria it would be readily granted that
it would be contracted from comb contain-
ing diseased larv;e, but it may be questioned,
as it has been, whether it could be conti acted
from honey taken from the combs of a dis-
eased colony ; but when it is considered that
the bees are continually traveling back and
forth over open cells containing the putrid
remains of the diseased larvae to the open
cells of the honey and that they endeavor to
remove from the cells the glue like mass
with their tongues and then insert their
tongues into the cells of honey to obtain
their food it must be admitted that it would
be very strange if the honey were not thor-
oughly contaminated ; and that it is so, and
that the life of the germs is preserved in the
honey, seems abundantly shown by an ex-
periment I made with thirty colonies to
which I fed honey not to exceed one per
cent, of which was taken from diseased col-
onies. The result was that within two weeks
twenty-nine of the thirty colonies were badly
diseased.

Honey may be safely considered the great
source of danger because under all possible
circumstances it is greedily taken by the bees
and conveyed to (heir hives and their own
stores thereby contaminated. It is to the
last degree important, therefore, that when-
ever the disease is known to exist, or its ex-
istence suspected, extreme care be taken
that the bees have no opportunity to get a
taste of contaminated or suspected honey.

Now as to the signs by which the presence
of the 'disease maybe certainly known.

So far as I have been able to discover there
is one symptom and one only by which the
average bee-keeper may determine without
danger of error whether the disease is pres-
ent, and that is found in the character of the
remains of the larv* before, in the course of
time, they become dried up. Brood dies
from several causes — perhaps from other dis-
eases— but there is always a plain distinction
to be observed between the appearaace of
the larva? dead from foul brood and of that
dead from other causes. The substance of
the former (foul brood) is homogeneous
throughout, that is, all parts of the mass in a
given cell are of the same consistency, that of
the latter generally varies in consistency one
part being watery another more or less solid ;
the former is of a solid color, brownish like
coffee prepared for drinking by the addition
of milk, the latter is usually of dififerent col-
ors, often partly white and partly black but
if in the grub stage it is nearly white ; the
former is without form like a drop of glue,
or becomes so on being touched, the latter
in all cases retains its shape with more or
less persistency ; and lastly the former is al-
ways viscid, the latter never. This charac-
teristic alone, I believe, always furnishes a
sure test. Take a sliver, match, or straw
and inserting one end into the dead matter
in a cell withdraw it, if the matter proves to
be sticky or ropy as shown by following out
the straw in a string you have foul brood,
otherwise not. So far as is now known if
the above rules are carefully applied there
never need be any doubt as to whether the
disease exists or not.

However, unless one's attention is es-
pecially directed to the matter, one is not
likely to discover the presence of the disease
until it has practically destroyed the colony
and perhaps also been conveyed to other col-
onies, hence it is important as an assistance
in the discovery of the disease to bear in
mind the following facts :

The life of the larva may be destroyed
either before its cell is capped or after, and
in the former case it is not capped at all.

As soon as the larva is dead, perhaps be-
fore, it loses its natural glistening pearly
whiteness.

The cappings of cells containing the dead
larvae have an unnatural appearance, — they
are generally more or less sunken sometime-^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

perforated and often darker in appearance
than is natural.

By fall, if the colony is still strong, such
cappings are all or nearly all removed.

After some t me, at least by late fall, the
dead larvis becomes dried cowu to a thin
dark brown scale attached to the lower side
and extending almost to the entrance of the
cell. They are then almost imperceptible
except to the experienced eye when held in a
favorable light.

When the disease has made considerable
progress it is attended by an extremely un-
pleasant odor which may be perceived by
holding the nose to the comb affected ;
sometimes it may be felt even when the
cover is raise J in opening the hive.

After the disease has obtained a firm foot-
hold the strength of the colony gradually de-
clines and a suspicious and increasing list-
lessness is shown in its efforts to collect pol-
len and nectar, until, at length, unless the
apiarist interferes, it becomes the prey of
robber bees and the disease is widely dis-
seminated.

The time required for the destruction of a
colony varies from one to three or more
years owing to the amount of infection and
to the virulence of the disease in the particu-
lar case.

The disease seems gradually to wear itself
out, if I may use that expression. Seven
years ago in some cases in three weeks from
infection nearly one-half the brood was dead,
during the past season in two colonies which
each showed severa' cells in May, not a sin-
gle cell could be found in September.

So far I have set forth the signs by which
the diseass is known almost in mere outline
indeed, but sufficiently, J think, so that any
intelligent person using care and attention
cannot go astray ; and no \ it remains only
in the same brief way to explain the methods
which have been discovered by which the
disease may be banished from the apiary,
but first let me warn every one except as an
experiment, and at his own risk, not to place
auy reliance for a cure upon any of the drugs
which have been recommended for the pur-
pose. I have tried phenol or carbolic acid
and salycilic acid in numerous cases, but in
no single i ^stance did it appear that even
the first step was made toward efifec'ing a
cure.

There is a heroic method recommended by
some and that is the destruction of hive,
combs and bees by tire. I have never tried

it but no doubt it would be effectual so far
as the individual hive is concerned, but
whether it would be as to healthy neighbor-
ing hives would depend on whether it were
properly done, and whether it were properly
done or not would depend on whether any of
the bees were allowed to escape — if they were
the disease would probably be spread rather
than circumscribed. The process is evident-
ly one requiring extreme care and only to be
recommended to one who is sure of his
plans.

In the method which I recommend and
which I have thoroughly tested in a hundred
cases or more without a single failure so far
as I know one must be prepared to disinfect
the hive and all its belo gings, except of
course the bees, by a thorough boiling. My
rule is to boil each part tifteeu minutes.
The combs ar J of course destroyed but the
wax is saved.

Having provided as many hives as there
are colonies to be operated on — the hives to
be furnished with frames either filled with
foundation or with starters of foundation —
combs will not do at all— proceed as fol-
lows :

Select a time when some nectar is being
gathered and an hour of the day when the
bees are not flying, then move the first col-
ony a little to one side and place the new
hive, which should be like the old in outward
appearance as nearly as possible, upon the
spot where the other stood, then as rapidly
as possible take the cjmbs from the colony
and shake or brush all the bees upon the
ground in front of the new hive of which
they will at once take possession and then re-
move the combs and hive to a place of safety
to be disinfected, being careful not to break
the comb so as to let any honey get upon the
ground or elsewhere for other bees to gather
up. In like manner treat the other colonies,
but if any of the combs contain brood which
it is desirable to save they may be given to
one or more of the infected colonies which
are then to be removed for treatment as soon
as the brood is hatched. This course will in-
sure a cure.

If the bees were given a hive containing
comb they would be sure to carry the disease
with them.

During the past season I treated two col-
onies as an expe iment when there were no
flowers from which to gather nectar and by
carefully feeding the a for two weeks just
sufficient to keep them from starving, they

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

were afterwards found to be free from dis-
ease but this course requires great care or at
least is not to be recommended without fur-
ther experiment. In all cases it is desirable to
place queen trap at the entrance of the new
hive to prevent the bees absconding.

Lapeek, Mich, Jan. 23, 1894,

The Propagation and Dissemination of
Foul Brood.

S, OOKNEILi,

" He could raise scruples dark and nice,
And after solve 'em in a trice."— fit/nfff.

mHE editor of the
"T Review says, in
the January num-
ber, he does not un-
derstand why the
germs would not
iind a s favorable
conditions for their
propagation in
healthy brood, as
th'ey do in dead
brood. Well, the
reason is every
healthy larva has, in its amoeboid cells, an
army of germ killers, phagocytes, to protect
it from the invading germs, while in dead
brood, there being no protective cells, the
disease germs grow, and multiply without
resistance. But conditions may exist under
which foul brood germs may make a lodge-
ment, and grow in living larv*.

First. It has been demonstrated that a
large number of germs may overcome the
protective force, and cause disease in a
healthy animal in which a smaller number
would have been harmless. Therefore if a
large number of germs floating in the air in
the hive, and alighting in the milky fluid, are
absorbed by the larvae, they may be so nu-
merous that the phagocytes cannot devour
them, and the result is disease.

Secondly, It has been demonstrated that
any condition which lowers the vitality of
the animal renders it more susceptible to at-
tack from disease germs. Cold has been
proven to have this effect. Therefore if
larvw are badly chilled, their vitality is so
much reduced, that their phagocytes are
unable to absorb and destroy the germs of

foul brood which mai fall in the cells, and
in this way the disease may be started. It
has also been demonstrated that hunger,
or lack of proper nourishment, has the effect
of lowering the vitality, so that the organism
becomes susceptible to the attac of disease
germs, which it would have resisted if it had
been properly nourished. To have bees in
the best condition to ward off disease, they
should, at all times, have plenty of food. It
has repeatedly been observed that, during a
bountiful and long continued honey flow, the
disease disappeared of its own accord, the
phagocytes having absorbed and devoured
the disease germs, owing to the liberal sup-
ply of nourishment. Other cases are on
record in which, during a honey flow, the
disease almost disappeared, but afterwards
returned with all its former virulence. I
venture the opinion that, in such cases, even
so simple a disinfectant as common salt in
the food, might have been suflicient to so
weaken the microbes that the balance would
have been turned against them, they would
have been overcome by thephagoCj^tes, and
the disease eradicated.

Replying to the editor's criticism as to the
rotionale of the cure under the McEvoy
treatment, I would say that, even in the ab-
sence of disease, the nurse bees become too
old to act as such at the rate of, say, from
1,000 to 2,000 per day, and by the time the
first larva requires food the youngest nurse
is then ten days old, the age at which, at
least sometimes, they discontinue nursing,

[^Some of the bees must act as nurses until
bees hatch out, which will be at least twenty-
five days from the time the bees were shaken
off, there are no younger ones to take their
places, — Ed,

I have shown elsewhere that on account of
disease they may give up nursing, and die
much sooner. It is not contended that all
the bees of a hive are diseased, and it is
known that in some bees the disease seems
to be localized, and becomes chronic, while
in others the germs pervade the whole organ-
ism, causing early death. In the case of
nurse bees, having germs in their chyle
stomachs, but whose tissues have not been
invaded, it is reasonable to suppose that
during ten days active work in comb build-
ing the germs would probably pass into the
lower bowel, and perhaps be ejected, leav-
ing these nurses powerless to communicate
the disease. If we were to ask Mr, McEvoy,
or any of those who agree with him, how he

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

kuows the honey carried from the diseased
hive is al consumed in four days, the answer
would be, he knows it is so, because the
treatment based on this assumption cures.
This reasoning has always seemed to me to
be inconclusive. It precludes the possibility
of there being any other way of accounting
for the cure, and observed facts are against
it. I recently met with an account of one
of Mr. D. A. Jones' experiments in which he
kept a cluster of bees wi hout food for
eighteen days, and, even at the end of this
period, only a few bees were starved. It is a
matter of indifference whether the honey
carried from the diseased hive is used up in
comb building in four days or not. In itself
this honey is neither better nor worse than
other honey, and what becomes of it is of
no consequence ; but the question of what
becomes of the germs suspended in it is all-
important. Mr. J. A. Green has suggested
that they are digested with. the honey, but
this is disproved by the fact that the germs
are found with their vitality unimpaired, af-
ter having passed through the digestive or-
gans of the bee. I.; must be plain that the
supposition that the disease is cured, because
the infection from the diseased hive is all
destroyed in four days, cannot be justified,
and had better be abandoned once for all.

With regard to the point raised by Mr.
Taylor, that if the infection of the brood re-
sults from the diseased condition of the
nurses, all the brood would become diseased
at once, whereas in the early stages only a
few larva? are affected, I would say that when
using the term " diseased nurses," I had in
mind nurses in whose chyle stomachs germs
might be found, as well as those into whose
tissues the microbes might have penetrated,
although it is doubtful whether the former
can be correctly said to be diseased. We
have no evidence that the germs multiply
in the chyle stomach. On account of the
acidity of its contents they probably do not.
This class of nurse bees, into whose tissues
the germs have not penetrated, probably
have no more germs to distribute, than were
contained in the food they consumed. The
milk of cows, suffering from tuberculosis, is
said to contain the germs of the disease. In
the case of nurse bees whose tissues contain
microbes, the brood food secreted in the
head glands very likely contains germs,
though Cheshire says that on examination
he did not find them. In a late article in the
A. B. J. I advanced reasons for the belief

that such nurses either die early or soon dis-
continue nursing. In view of the foregoing
ttie theory that the larvse get the infection
from the nurse bees does not appear to be
at variance with the fact that in the early
stages of the disease only a fewlarvte are af-
fected.

I have often thought about that •' pole
star " hive of Mr. T ylor's. The stock was
not very badly diseased, or it would not have
cast a swarm. Whether nurse bees, having
germs in their tissues, would be more likely
to stay at home at swarming time, than those
free from them we have no means of know-
ing, but, assuming that some bees did carry
germs with them, and that they were fed to
the lar\a?, the increase in ihs vitality of both
bees and brood, resulting from abundant
nourishment, and from the influence of the
swarming impulse, would be favorable to
the destruction of the germs by the phago-
cytes. These reasons for the disappearance
of foul brood in the swarm are strengthened
by the fact that attempts to cure the disease
by shaking the bees from the diseased combs
on frames filled with foundation, often fail.

Lindsay, Ont.

Jan. 23, 1894.

[In order that this subject might be seen in
as many lights as possible, I sent proof of
the foregoing to Mr. R. L. Taylor, and
asked him to express his views on the sub-
ject, which he has done as follows. — Ed.]

I do not find myself able to agree with Mr.
Cornell in his conclusions that the germs of
foul brood find more favorable conditions
for their propagation in dead brood than in
healthy brood. It seems to me that he over-
looks the fact that abscence of resistance —
phagocytes — is not the only requirement in
order to secure a favorable nidus for the
germs of disease. Indeed that, it seems to
me, is not the chief requirement, for as he
justly intimates the disease may prevail not-
withstanding resistance, for as he says large
numbers of germs may o ercome that, and a
lack of vitality from any cause would make
the conquest easier, :,ut they cannot over-
come the want of proper warmth and m is-
ture nor a lack of a position within the tis-
sues of the larva. Are they very likely to
find such warmth and moisture on the out-
side of a dead larva ? Or is there ny like-
lihood that the germ will gain a positio_
within the tissues of the dead larva by bei g

fBE bkk-KEEP'ERS' REVIEW,

sucked in by it or by being fed to it by the
nurse-bee ? Besides, Mr. C.'s position seems
a half way admission that foul brood has
been contracted immediately from chilled
brood which it appears to me that there is
not sufficient evidence that siich brood was
ever the vehicle of foul brood even to arrest
the attention.

Again, I am inclined to think that the
powers of resistance of the larva do not cut
much of a figure when foul brood is virulent,
but that when the germ gets a position with-
in the body of the larva the game is up ; at
least my experience has established me in
the opinion which is quite the opposite to
that which Mr. C. holds that a,i abundant
honey flow does not weaken the grip of the
disease but rather hastens its spread — the
only exception being where the bees by fill-
ing their accustomed brood nest with honey
crowd themselves to use other comb for
brood. In my experience the most rapid
cases of the disease were those contracted
when I was feeding the colonies in question
all the honey they would take and next to
these in rapidity were those where there was
plenty of room for brood rearing during the
heaviest honey flow I ever knew. I think the
abundant warmth, moisture and the large
spread of brood accounted for it.

As to the " rationale of the cure " I must
say that so far as 1 am concerned it is
shrouded in mystery. I consider McEvoy's
plan of putting the bees to preliminary comb
building entirely useless. I have found (see
my article in this number of the Review)
that either a natural or shaken swarm put at
once upon foundation is always cured if
left to itself — feeding would be likely to
cause the disease to be retained — but if the
bees were confined a week till apparently
ready to starve and then put upon comb the
disease in its active stages would be retained
iu almcst every instance. This I have de-
monstrated in many cases.

The reasons which Mr. C. advances for the
disappearance of foul brood in my "pole
star" swarm do not hold because as I have
already intimated if the bees, including all
nurse bees, of a foul broody colony having
no desire to swarm are simply put on foun-
dation a^d left to themselves they are, with
me, found to produce brood invariably free
from disease.

R. L. Taylob.

Lapbeb, Mich.

Jan. 30, 1894.

When Sealed Covers are Not Objectionable.

"BAMBLBB."

P|NE of the
\J wintering
problems that
seems to etill
agitate our
Eastern breth-
r en is the
question of
sealed covers,
or no covers.
The prepon-
derence of tes-
timony so far seems to be against sealed
covers. It was my fortune to own bees in a
cold portion of New York and after many
years of wintering in the cellar, out doors
packed in chafif, and various other absorb-
ents, and always with absorbents over the
bees, I finally came down'' to wintering suc-
cessfully in the cellar and with sealed covers,
and should I return to any portion of the
frigid belt of our country I should certainly
again try sealed covers.

The way I should do it is this : I should
take any ordinary cellar that is considered
passably dry, say where combs will mould
but very little, use a shallow hive, either a
one or two-story Heddon, or a Longstroth,
putting a three inch rim under the hive be-
tween the brood chamber and the bottom
board, with ventilating'aperatures either at
the sides or ends, and allow the bees to seal
the cover tight. There must be no rags of
any kind over the frames, nothing but just

the board cover, 'CD i

Now see that the temperature of the cellar
does not go much below 4,5° and I would
guarantee the bees to go through the winter
with but slight loss.

The great trouble w ere there have been
failures in wintering with sealed covers is
that the outside temperature has not been
looked after close enough. The bees, through
respiration, draw air into the hive, and it
passes upward and strikes against the sealed
cover ; if the upper side of said cover is ex-
posed to the cold air, the respired air from
the bees striking against the cold under side
of the cover condenses and forms moisture,
and that is wherein all the trouble lies. If
the outside temperature is such, either in a
cellar or packed in chaff, that the cover is
kept at about the temperature that the bees
maintain then the respired air will strike

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

against the cover and not condense. Con-
densation will take place down near the cor-
ners of the hive where the warm air strikes
the incoming cold air, but with plenty of ven-
tilation all around the rim there will be no
condensation in the hive and the bees will
come through as bright as a new silver dol-
lar ; and even quite moist air going into the
hives will have no deleterious effect. Under
the above conditions I will stand up to be
counted in favor of sealed covers.

Where Honey Comes From.

[Aa address delivered by R. MoKnight, at the
late meeting of Ontario Bee-Keepers. |

>R. Pbesident, Ladies and Gentle-
men : — I may say it is rather a try-
ing ordeal for a man to face an
audience and attempt to' interest or in-
struct it in these days when "the school
master is abroad" in such numbers. A
few days before I left home I received a
card from the secretary, saying I had been
selected to say something by way of filling
up the programme on one of the evenings
during the session of this Association. The
circumstances were such that I had no time
or opportunity to make preparation to do
so, or even to think of or fix upon a topic.
On mentioning my dilemma to our president,
Mr. Gemmell, to-day, he generously came to
my rescue and suggested "Honey" as a
good subject to treat on such an occasion. I
am very grateful to him for thus furnishing
me with a "text." It is a very common
place one to treat before an audience of bee-
keepers— an audience composed of the brains
and matured experience of the class to which
they belong in this Province. Still, the
topic has something in it we don't all under-
stand, and by way of demonstrating this, I
ask Mr. Blank, down there in the audience,
" What is honey ?" Mr. Blank pauses a
while and replies, " Why, honey is honey, —
everybody knows what honey i^s." "Your
answer to the (luestion is a very unsatisfac-
tory one, sir ; I will furnish you witli a bet-
ter definition, but one you may not find in
the dictionaries, it is one, however, that suits
me well enough. Honey is a translucent
saccharine syrup that all children and most
grown-up people are fond of." Now, Mr.
Blank, No. 2, "Where do we get honey ?"
Your answer is, "We get it in bee hives."

"And how came it in the bee hives ?" " The
bees collected and stored it there." "Good ;
and where did the bees get it ?" "In the
flowers, of course." "Aye, and where did
the flowers get it ?" Now you hesitate ; that
is evidently a "poser." Well, it is the con-
sideration of the last question I propose dis-
cussing for a few minutes this evening. I
set out with the assertion that the atmos-
phere is the source whence our honey is de-
rived and I say further, that the sub tanceof
every green thing on the earth's surface—
from the tiny plant to the monarch of the
forest is mainly derived from the same ele-
ment. Science has clearly demonstrated
this fact. It is a fact that is easily demon-
strated too. Fell H tree and burn it up, the
ashes that remain represent just what of its
sabstance comes from the soil, the rest is
driven ofif and mingled with the air. It is
another instance of "dust to dust " and the
balance to the source from whence it came.
To understand how honey, and plants and
trees from which it is collected, have their
origin in the atmosphere, we must know
something of the composition of ; he atmos-
phere, and the nature of plant life. Here
let me say that one of the advantages of
bee-keeping is, that the prosecutioa of it
leads intelligent, observent people into
channels of thought they would not other-
wise enter upon. To understand it fully,
the domain of science must be pretty well
cultivated. Hence the bee-keeper of an en-
quiring mind finds in it ample scope for the
exercise of his talents, and usually becomes
an enthusiast in the business. The constit-
uents of the atmosphere, in the main, are
no longer a secret. Every school boy knows
that they consist, in the main, of oxygen
and nitrogen, but there are other elements
as well, one of which is carbonic acid.
This is the source from whence we derive
our honey. It is the source, too, that nour-
ishes and builds up the plants and trees
that secrete honey. The proportion of car-
bonic acid in the atmosphere is compara-
tively small, being only about four- tenths
of one per cent, of its volumn. Yet this
fraction is quite enough to supply the wants
of the vegetable world. It has been estima-
ted that there are twenty-eight tons of carbon
in the atmosphere that overhangs each acre
on the earth's surface. As less than a third
of the earth's surface is covered by vegeta-
tion, and as the atmosphere is ever in mo-
tion from place to place, and as the loss of

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

carbonic acid through its appropriation by
living plants is ever being given back to it
through the decomposition of vegetable mat-
ter, there is and will continue to be in the
atmosphere, ample of carbon to supply the
ever recurring v?ants of the vegetable king-
dom. Hence we may look forward to an
annual honey crop while the vegetable king-
dom remains as now constituted; not always
uniform, however.

It remains for me now to outline how liv-
ing plants elaborate honey from the carbon
of the atmosphere. We can only understand
this by knowing something of structural and
physical botany. We will select a tree for
our purpose, because it appeals more forci-
bly to our senses than a tiny plant. What
then is p tree ? I answer it is at once a liv-
ing and a dead thing. Every particle of ma-
tured wood in its trunk and branches is dead
matter. It is death preserved from decay
by its environments. It has in it no power
to aid in the further nourishment or develop-
ment of the tree. The leaves, the bark (es-
pecially the inner bark) and the sapwood
alone are alive, and in these the work of
nourishment and development are carried
on. It is in the leaves especially, that the
elaboration of suitable food for the plant or
tree is carried on. We ought therefore to ■
know something of the structure of a leaf in
order to understand our subject ; but time
forbids a close mvestigation of it ; suffice it
to say that its pores and cells are what we
are more particularly concerned with — the
cells especially — because it is in the cells
honey is elaborated. The epidermis or out-
er skin of a leaf is closely studded with
pores, these pores range in number from 800
to 170,000 to the square inch of surface, and
it is through these pores the carbon of the
atmosphere is absorbed and received into
the cells, where it is worked into honey.
Cells also abound in the inner bark of branch
and stem, they are especially active in the
interposed Cambum -layer lying between the
newest strata of wood and bark. These are
annually renewed, and maintain a living
communication between the rootlets on the
one hand and the foliage on the other. These
cells — wherever found— contain protoplasm,
which has definite relations with neighbor-
ing cells, and with the outlying carbon of
the atmosjjhere. Protoplasm is the active,
working, living matter of the plant or tree.
When the carbonic acid of the atmosphere
is received into the protoplasmitc cells of the

leaves of plants and trees it undergoes three
changes before it is fitted for cell building.
It is first converted into starch — the basis of
honey— then into sugar, or honey if you like,
afterwards into cellulose, which is fully
elaborated plant food. Every green plant
contains starch, therefore every living plant
has in it the basis of honey. Who then will
dogmatically assert what are and what are
not honey producing plants ? But this is
not germain to my topic. I have said when
the carbon of the atmosphere is absorbed by
the living plant it is first transformed into
starch through the agency of protoplasm
and leaf green and then into sugar. We stop
at this stage of the elaboration of plant food
because it is then, and then only, we get our
honey, and we get it in greater or less quanti-
ties in proportion to the reserved store of
starch. If plants had no power to store up
more starch than is necessary for their im-
mediate wants, we would have no abnormal
honey flows. But they have the power to
store up more of this article than they can
work into tissue, and do so occasionally. It
is under these circumstances we get the big
honey crops, if we have the working force
to collect it. The excess of food over the re-
quirements of the plant is, while in the sugar
stage, determined by the flower, or oozes
through the pores of the leaf, flowing over
its surface. The former is called nectar
and the latter honey- dew. They are sub-
stantially one and the same thing — the main
difference existing in the fact that that in
the flower absorbs a portion of its essential
oil which gives to the nectar its aroma, hence
the expert can readily tell the class of flow-
ers from which honey has been collected.
Honey-dew is destitute of this aroma, but is
just as healthful and nutritious as that : ol-
lected from the flowers. Perhaps some of
you will be ready to hold up your hands in
holy horror at the promulgation of this
theory, and be ready to declare me as great
a heretic as those who are by some believed
to be who gave to the world the pollen
theory, the trowel-sting theory and the sugar-
honey theory. I am . content to be so con-
sidered if you can disprove the statement.
Understand me, by honey-dew I do not
mean the vile stuff, vulgarly denominated
"bug-juice." That is a different thing.
When honey-dew is present it is frequently
devoured in large iiuantities by the little in-
sect you are all familiar with. The little
" beastie " is a glutton of the worst kind and

rHE BEE-KEEi'ERS ' REVIEW.

devours a great deal more than it can assim-
ilate. The excess is voided in the form of
excreta. This is " bug-juice " pure and sim-
ple, and not honey-dew. We are often de-
prived of a good crop by the presence of
these creatures, and the fact that their void-
ings co-mingle with what would otherwise
be a pure, healthy article of food.

I thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for the
attentive hearing you have accorded me
while giving expression to the few crude re-
marks I have been able to offer in the short
time allotted me. Before taking my seat I
desire to thank Mr. Pringle, because it is to
him indirectly I an indebted for what I know
of the subject. It came about in this way :
A few years ago when he was president of
this Association, he asked me to prepare a
paper to be read at our then coming meet-
ing on the " Honey producing plants of On-
tario." In acceding to his request, I was led
to look into a branch of natural science,
from the study of which 1- have since derived
much enjoyment.

A Brief Summary of the Ontario Bee - Keep-
ers' Convention.

ALLEN PEINGLE.

" Hand
Grasps hand, eye lights eye in good friendship.
And great hearts expand,
And grow one in the sense of this world's life."

ROBERT BROWNING.

|HE annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association was held at Lind-
say, Out., on i)th, 10th and 11th of Jan.
This was a most successful and profitable con-
vention running through eight long sessions.
The attendance w-as good throughout, and
the discussions animated and instructive if
not always quite parliamentary. The even-
ing sessions were popular in character, be-
ing varied by music, singing and extempore
addresses. Mr. R. McKnight's address the
first evening on " Honey," being able, enter-
taining and instructive and was well re-
ceived. Mr. S. Corneil, of Lindsay, the ef-
ficient Secretary of the Association, had
made the arrangements for the convention
and had done everything to make it pleasant
and saccessful. At the first session an ex-
pert lady stenographer was engaged to re-
port the entire proceedings of the conven-
tion, including, of course, the discussions
following the various papers read, and the
''Question Box" discussions. This is a

new departure by onr Association, the wis-
dom of which is apparent. In the summary
reports of convention discussions usually
published, much valuable matter is often-
times lost. When a verbatim is taken all is
preserved — even that, it is true, which ought
not to be preserved — but to secure a survival
only of the " fittest " the stenographer's
type-written report is to be gone over by a
committee named for the purpose and the
suparfluites, excrescences, ebulitions, and
" you're another " — if there are any such —
careful y excised from the official report. 1
mention these things as hints to other Asso-
ciations. The time was, not many years ago,
when it was not a little difficult to get the
members generally in convention assembled
to engage in the various discussions. They
were " backward in coming forward," but
now they are forward and hardly ever back-
ward, and the reporter has no lack of ma-
terial— ripe or raw as the case may be. The
annual report of the 0. B. K. A. is official,
being printed and published by the Ontario
government which makes a yearly grant of
$r)00.00 to the Association, duly incorporated
according to law. I do not know how it is
with the State Associations over there, but it
seems to me, if I may be allowed a sugges-
tion, that they would do well to proceed on
similar lines, and thereby secure "rants
from their respective States, as one prece-
dent for which Ontario could be referred to.
You know legislatures, like lawyers, always
want precedents ; and the precedents
strengthen them in their efforts to cover new
ground. When we were seeking legislation
on the foul brood pest almost the first ques-
tion was " have you any precedents ?"

The following papers were read and dis-
cussed : " President's Address ; "Extract-
ed Honey," by R. H. Smith ; " How to
Make Bee-Keeping Profitable," by S. F.
Holtermann ; "Apiculture at the World's
Fair," by Allen Pringle ; "Management of
Out-Apiaries and Shipping Bees by Rail in
Summer," by C. W. Post. The editor of the
Review was expected to be present and read
a paper on "Being Stung," and the conven-
tion regretted to hear that owing to sickness
in his family he was unable to attend.

The following officers were elected for the
current year : President, A. Picket, Nassa-
gaweya ; Vice President, R. F. Holtermann,
of Brantford ; Secretary, S. Corneil, Lind-
say ; Treasurer, Martin Emigh, Holbrook ;
Foul Brood Inspector, Wm. McEvoy, Wood-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

burn ; Sub. Inspector, F. A. Gemmill, Strat-
ford; Auditors, J. Alpaugh, St. Thomas, and
S. T. Pettit, Belmont.

DIBECTOKS.

District No. 1.— W. J. Brown, Chard.

2.— J. K. Darling, Almonte.
3.— M. B. Holmes, Athens.
4. — Allen Pringle, Selby.
5. — S. Corneil, Lindsay.
G. — Wm. Couse, Streetsville.
7. — D. Chalmers, Poole.
8. — F. A. Rose, Balmoral.'
9.— J. B. Hall, Woodstock.
10.— R. McKnight, Owen Sound.
11.— John Myers, Stratford.
12. — E. O. Jones, Kertch.
13.— R. H. Smith. Bracebridge.
Stratford was selected as the next place of
meeting.
Selby, Ont. Jan. 25, 1894.

The Essential Qualities of Foundation and
How to Secure Them.

OLIYEB FOSTER.

[VERY bee-keeper who uses foundation,
(and what bee-keeper does not), has a
pecuniary interest in the question,
'* which make is the best ?"

Every manufacturer of foundation wishes
also to know what is the secret of merit and
demerit.

Mr. Taylor's experiments at the Michigan
station seems to indicate that foundation
made upon the Given press has some points
of advantage, as compared with that f rona
roller mills.

While we are not yet warranted in decid-
ing this question, it is well to fully discuss it
now before the time when farther experi-
ments can be conducted.

When Mr. Given invented and introduced
his machine in 1878 and '79, his object seems
to have been, not to produce a foundation
that the bees would more readily accept, nor
that they would more perfectly work out
into completed comb. The important ad-
vantage he claimed for his machine was that
a sheet of wax could be pressed into foun-
dation and fastened into a wired frame at
one operation, the wires being more perfect-
ly imbedded than by any other process. This
machine consisted of a pair of plates or dies
the exact size of the sheet of wax to be
pressed into foundation. These were hinged
together at one side like the leaves of a

double slate. The inner surface of each leaf
was of copper plated embossed type metal,
backed with, or mounted upon wood.

To fill a wired frame with foundation, the
frame was placed over the face of one leaf
of the die, a sheet of wax fitted into the
frame over the wires, and the other leaf
closed down into the upper side of the frame,
and in order to make the required impress-
ion, the dies inclosing the frame an.i wax
sheet, were shoved into an iron press and
subjected to a tremendous pressure.

To make foundation for sections, a thin-
ner sheet of wax is used and the wired frame
omitted.

If I am correct, Mr. Given's first dies were
made to form the side walls of the cells high
and narrow like those made on roller mills.
But it was found impossible to make the
septum as thin, and at the same time force
the displaced wax into side walls as narrow
and as high by means of the plates, as could
be done with the rolls.

In case of the rollers, the surplus wax that
is forced from the bottom of the cell, flows
out from between inclining surfaces, where-
as with the dies, these surfaces are always
parallel to eac ■ other, approaching each
other in this position, requiring a heavier,
direct pressure.

With the latter also, the only place for the
surplus wax is in the side wall cavities ;
hence it is important that these be commo-
dious. Any unevenness in the thickness of
the sheet of wax, must appear in the side
walls of the foundation, if the bottoms of
the cells are made uniformily thin. But in
case of the rollers, this superfluous wax sim-
ply flows forward, causing the sheet to
stretch.

To impress a whole sheet of wax at one
stroke, and effect as near an approach to
natural comb as was possible with rollers,
would require a pressure too great to be
practicable.

Even if such a deep impression could be
made, the removal of the sheet would be
next to impossible, since the whole surface
of the foundation must be released from the
die simultaneously. It was this evident
necessity that was mother to the invention
of the thick, shallow side walls, and which
led Mr. Given to adopt this form of cell.
About this time some one presented a theory
that seems still to pass as sound doctrine ; it
was that by pressure wax was made harder,
and less easily manipulated by the bees, and
that the wax in the heavy side walls of the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Given foundation has not been subjected to
this hardening process. While I am not pre-
pared to prove that the theory is false, 1 wish
to suggest it as a question for scientific in-
vestigation at our experimental station, .and
will give some reasons for doubting its cor-
rectness.

About the time this theory was advanced,
the writer invented and introduced a very
cheap foundation machine, intended for
those who wished to make their own founda-
tion. It consisted of a pair of plaster of
Paris dies hinged together like those of the
Given machine, only these were not used in
a press. The melted wax was dropped evenly
upon the upper horizontal surface of one
leaf of the die or mold, while the other leaf
was quickly clapped down, sending the sur-
plus melted wax out from between them
with a "squirt" into the water tank which
enclosed the molds. The sheet of founda-
tion thus formed at one operation was soon
cool enough to remove oipon opening the
mold.

This machine was heralded with enthusi-
asm by many prominent bee men who be-
lieved in the theory regarding the qualities
of foundation made without hard pressure.

Supported largely by this theory, the plas-
ter mold enjoyed a degree of popularity for
several years while it was offered for sale.

It's life was short, but active, and more or
less useful. Most of my customers were sat-
isfied with it and its work. It was the inven-
tor's own loss of faith in their merits that
induced him to withdraw all a,dvertisement8
and let the mold give place to the improved
roller mills which were then offered at great-
ly reduced prices, which would make a more
perfect impression and which were far more-
durable than the molds.

After using two of these machines for
several years, Bro. Doolittle gave an unso-
licited but glowing testimonial for them in
one of the journals which sent me a shower
of letters and orders, but this was after I
began to " let the old cat die." Why did I
let it die ? Because the molds were not suf-
ficiently durable in the hands of the average
operator to make their use profitable, unless
there were special advantages in their favor :
because in spite of the soft wax theory, there
appeared more or less of the " fish bone " in
the comb made on the foundation, owing
partly to the fact that the septum could not
be made uniformly as thin as with other
machines.

Molded foundation proved to be much
more brittle and liable to crack and crumble
when handled in cool weather, than that
from the roller press under the same con-
ditions.

This in itself is not a serious objection to
the molding process, but it may throw some
light on the theory that pressed wax is hard-
er than unpressed. If at a low temperature
the pressed or wrought wax is more pliable
than the unpressed, or that molded in the
liquid state, may we not suppose that it is
more plastic at a comb building tempera-
ture ? The conclusion of the matter to which
I feel inclined is that if there is any advan-
tage in extra thick side walls for section
foundation, it is because with them we are
able to combine the advantages of the thin-
nest possible septum with the necessary
strength in the sheet of founaation, rather
than because the wax is softer in such side
walls.

Whatever the best form of cell may be, it
can be formed between rollers better than
between die plates.

It has been claimed that foundation with
round cells is stronger than that of equal
weight with hexagonal cells ; in other words
that for the greatest strength for the mate-
rial used, the side walls of the cells should
not be of uniform thickness throughout, but
should be much thicker where they unite
with each other, and very thin midway be-
tween these points. This seems contrary to
the principle that " nothing is stronger than
its weakest point."

Aside from the item of strength, and we
must depend chiefly upon the network of
side walls for this, when we have determined
just how wide and how high we may make
these ribs of wax and yet depend upon the
bee to always utilize all of the material, the
perfect side wall will be of these dimensions
at every point, which will result in a per-
fectly hexagonal cell, with corners clean cut.

The construction of the bee's mandibles is
such that she can grasp a heavy side wall
between them, reaching to the bottom on
either side, but according to my observation
she cannot always be depended upon to util-
ize all of this material in lengthening out
the cells, especially that portion in the cor-
ners of the cells when the deposits there is
heavier in proportion than elsewhere as in
case of round-cell foundation.

Mt. Vebnon, Iowa.

Jan. 6, 1894.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HOTCHHSlSOri, Ed. & PPop.

Teems : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90; three for fli.TO; five for $4.00; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Review
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise it
will be continued.

FLINT, MICHIGAN. FEB. 10. 1894.

" Accidents will happen," and a small one
happened when this month's Review was
being printed. One of the " guides " against
which the paper is placed when fed to the
press became loose and dropped down on
the " form." The result is shown in the
blurred appearance of some of the words in
first column of page 33.

Sweet Cloveb is praised by Mr. H. R.
Boardman in Gleanings, both for honey and
for hay — yes, and for pasture. It is only oc-
casionally, however, that such wholesale
praise is met. This plant seems to be all
right when once it gets, a start in waste
places, but as a cultivated crop the successes
have been very few indeed, so few that I
don't remember to have seen one mentioned
before in years — don't know as I ever did.

A Watee Bottle in a queen cage contain-
ing a queen that is to be sent a long distance
in hot weather is recommended by W. A.
Pryal in the American Bee Journal. Com-
menting on this, the editor of Gleanings
says that after the introduction of Good
candy they dropped the water bottle princi-
pally because it was not always possible to
adjust the small piece of caudle wicking in
the cork of the bottle in such a way that it
would not feed the water too fast, thus wet-
ting the candy too much and soon exhaust-
ing itself. Years ago, when I was using a
water bottle in queen cages, I stopped the
mouth of the bottle with a cork made of a
piece of sponge. If the sponge is of the right
size it does not slip out, neither does the
water run out nor evaporate too rapidly, yet
it is furnished to the bees at all times on the
moist sponge in the best possible manner.
This plan was a success in every sense of the
word.

Foul Beood is receiving considerable dis
cussion just at present ; in fact, this issue of
the Review might also be called a " foul
brood " number. Perhaps too much space
is being used in discussing some of the finer
points. They are very interesting from a
scientific point of view, but the practical
bread and butter bee-keeper does not really
stand in much need of them. The symptoms
have been given so clearly and repeatedly
that it seems that no one need be deceived —
that nothing more in the way of descriptions
of the malady is needed. The ways that are
at all likely to spread the disease have been
told and re-told. Cautions to be observed
are not unknown for the lack of telling.
And, best of all, the only method of cure is
so simple that no elaborate treatise is needed
to make i. understood. What more is
needed ?

HOW to make the best foundation.

The experiments at the Michigan Experi-
mental apiary have brought this topic up-
permost. Why do we use foundation, what
are its most desirable characteristics, and
how may they be obtained, are questions
that must interest all bee-keepers. One of
the reasons for using foundation is to secure
straight, perfect, all-worker combs, but I am
inclined to think that the principal object in
its use is to furnish the bees an opportunity
of rapidly making storage room for their
surplus in abundant honey flows. That
foundation that is the most readily accepted
by the bees, and the quickest made into
comb, yet containing the least unavailable
amount of wax, would seem to be the most
desirable. This last point is one t: at de-
serves careful consideration. A very light
foundation might contain no unavailable
wax, yet if it contained more wax in the
right place it might be much more valuable
because it would the sooner be made into
comb. It is for this reason that Mr. Hed-
don, Mr. Oatman, and some others have
urged the use of heavy Given foundation in
sections, asserting that it was the sooner
made into comb because of the greater
amount of wax in its side walls, yet the
thinness of the base of the cells was such that
no thicker "fish bone" resulted from its
use.

The character of the wax and the treat-
ment that it receives in being made into

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

foundation are also important points, es-
pecially in making foundation for use in the
sections. In Mr. Taylor's recent experi-
ments the thickness of the septa in different
foundations was very clearly brought out,
but the hardness or toughness of the " fish
bone " was not noted. Perhaps this is a dif-
ficult point to experiment upon. Mr. Doolit-
tle, several years ago, made some experi-
ments, something similar to those performed
by Mr. Taylor, in which he tested the hard-
ness or toughness, or both, of the septa by
thrusting . wire through the finished sec-
tions and noting the resistance by means of
scales. This is something in the line of
what I have in mind. It is well-known that,
in a certain sense, comb is not wax. That
is, comb contains something more than wax,
besides it is of a "eculiar, light, flaky, brit-
tle, granular character which is greatly lost
upon being melted into wax. It is then
more solid, hard and tough. Mr. Bingham
has given the best illustration that I ever
saw. He says '* butter is butter, but melted
butter is grease." So comb is comb, but
melted comb is wax. But there is a differ-
ence in wax, whether this sometimes comes
from its treatment I cannot say positively,
but I think it does in some instances. I
know that some foundation is quite tough
and leathery, so that it can be handled in
ordinary summer weather, yes, even in the
fall and spring, with no danger of its break-
ing. Other foundation requires some care
even in hot weather to avoid damage by
breaking. Of course, this toughness is a
great con enience in handling and shipping,
but the question arises, is it a desirable
qu lity in foundation that is to be used in
the production of comb honey ? I thi k
not. I think the brittle foundation would
result in honey with a less preceptible " fish
bone." Oliver Foster calls attention to this
point in his excellent article in this issue,
but I fear that he confounds hardness with
brittleness. The terms are not synonymous
by any means ; neither are the properties
that they represent always found in com-
p?ny. For instance, wrought iron is quite
hard, yet it is far from being brittle, while a
pine stick is so soft that it may be indented
by the thumb nail, buj may be easily snap-
ped asunder. The most brittle foundation
may be the softest. A peeled banana is so
soft that my baby can easily mash it with
her soft fingers, yet a very slight bend will
break it. It will be seen that because an

object is brittle is no sign that it is hard.
The molded foundation, or the Given foun-
dation, may be the most brittle and at the
same time the softest and easiest molded ;
which I suspect is the fact.

If I remember aright, Mr. M. H. Hunt
once told me something about some kind of
a treatment through which he put the sheet-
ed wax which toughened it — made it the op-
posite of brittle, so that it could be bent in
quite cool weather without breaking it. I
think it was done with water and that he
called it " tempering " the wax. Now wheth-
er this process hardened the wax as weU as
toughened it I do not know, it may have
softened it for aught I know.

Possibly, pressure hardens wax, and it is
because no pressure is exerted upon the side
walls in the Given foundation that they are
softer and more eatily worked by the bees.
In the roller mills having deep interstices
between the cell-dies I do not understand
why or how the side walls receive pressure,
but perhaps they do.

Once before in the Review there has been
a special discussion in regard to the use of
foundation, but no attention was paid to the
different ways of treating the wax nor of the
methods of manufacture. I think now is a
very proper time to discuss methods of clar-
ifying and' preparing wax for being made
into foundation, and the methods of manu-
facture, having in view the points that I
have brought up. I should be glad to hear
from every manufacturer of foundation,
also from every one who has used different
kinds of foundation, and the next issue of
the Review shall be an old fashioned
"special topic" number, devoted to a dis-
cussion of " How to make the best founda-
tion." When you write, plsase also make
suggestions as to how future experiments
upon this subject shall be conducted at the
Experimental Apiary.

EXXRT^OTOD.

How Much Centers in the Queen.

In one of the early issues of the Review
the question of " Queens and their influence
upon success in bee culture," was discussed.
In that discussion I took the ground that too
much stress is laid upon the importance of
having the right kind of queens. I argued

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

that " the queen is simply the vehicle of
transmission from one generation to anoth-
er, and it is the qualities to be transmitted,
rather that the vehicle of transmission, that
should receive our attention." I also asser-
ted that prolific queens, those of unusually
great laying powers, are of no more value,
except to the man using a large brood nest,
and that it would be better for him if he
would reduce his brood nest to the capacity
of the average queen. As nearly all of my
correspondents opposed me at that time,
perhaps I may be pardoned for now quoting
something in my defense. It is from the
pen of Mr. B. Taylor and published in the
American Bee Journal. After describing
the advantages of his new house apiary, and
mentioning the wonderful yield of comb
honey secured from one colony, he says :—

" Doolittle said long ago that 800 inches
of comb .space gave room enough for any
queen, and my experience confirms his judg-
ment. The colonies with two sections gave
no larger swarms than those with one. I do
not recommend small hives to those that give
but little attention to their bees, but for the
scientific apiarist, to get the most ivhite comb
honey, they are indispensable.

I must say something more about the col-
ony that produced the 250 pounds of honey.
There has been a great deal said in the bee
papers about the importance of always re-
moving inferior queens, and filling their
places with good ones. My experience had
led me to suspect that the bees could attend
to this about as well as us big, smart fellows.
However, I last fall resolved to give this fine
point more attention in the future, so I went
to such hives as my judgment had deter-
mined had poor queens, and wrote on them
plainly — ' Poor queen. Re-queen this,' in-
tending to attend to it in the spring. I placed
the colonies on the summer stands in the
house, and upon examining them I found
the one that afterward made the big yield
was marked for re-queening, and this was
the reason the hive was not given an extra
section. It increased the task of finding and
destroying the bad queen, but other work
pressed, and the job was neelected. If I had
got my intentions carried out, I should have
killed one of the best queens that it was ever
my fortune to possess, as she kept the hive
boiling over with bees during the entire
season."

I know of some successful bee-keepers
who allow no old queens in their yard, and
if large brood nests are used I must admit
that I think such a course advisable, while
others equally successful allow the bees to
do their own superseding.

There is one other point brought to my
mind by the reading of Mr. Taylor's article,
and that is, does the same colony give the
best yield every year ? Some of you may re-

member that there were some quotations
from a German bee journal given last year
in the Review, showing the conditions under
which bees store the most honey, and the
question is, are not those conditions of more
importance than even the qualities that the
queen may transmit ? What part does the
queen play in bringing about those condi-
tions ? If a young queen keeps her combs
supplied with eggs, and a bountiful surplus
is the result, and then poor crops are harves-
ted by her colony when she is older, then we
get an argument on the other side, but it
seems that Mr. Taylor's colony did better
the next year after the queen was condemned.
I am a little curious to know why he con-
demned her.

I suspect that one cause of his success in
this instance was the complete filling of the
brood nest with brood.

Bee - Escapes, How to Put Them On, and

How They Save Labor and Prevent

Robbing.

" 'Tie pleasant * * * to see the stir of the
great babel, and not feel the crowd."— COWP£/f

It is yet a little early in the season here at
the North to begin talking about bee escapes,
but it will not be so very long before they
will be in use in the South or in California.
I had a card to-day from C. W. Dayton of
California, and he said that the bees were
beginning to work quite briskly on the wil-
low and eucalyptus. By the way, the article
t' at I am now writing this introductory for,
is from the pen of this same Dayton, and the
editor of Gleanings, from which paper it is
taken, says it is one of the best reports they
have received showing the value of bee es-
capes. Of course, it must appear in the Re-
view, and if it is given now it will not crowd
out something else later in the season. Mr.
Dayton says : —

" In my work I have been testing escapes
more, and less, sometimes to the number of
thirty or forty ; and to say they are advan-
tageous always would not be my belief,
yet I think them a decidedly useful imple-
ment. It is not the trouble of putting them
on that is an objection, nor taking them off :
in fact, if we work as fast as we can, the time
amounts to nearly nothing. Sixty to one
hundred per hour could be put on by a little
practice. They can be put on at any tim,
but probably the best time is in the evening,
and wheel the upper stories into the extract-
ing-room the next morning, utilizing he
cool of the evening and morning when it is
pleasant and invigorating to work — while

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Mr France is riding to and from the apiary
—too late and too early to brush bees from
combs. The only fault I could ever tind with
gardening was that the mornings and even-
ings were too short. .

It is impossible to go to the apiary, put on
the escapes, and extract the honey on the
same day, because the bees will not be out
until in the afternoon. Our present torms
of escapes (I use the Porter) d.-^ not seem to
work fast enough, but we may never get any
that will do better than the present forms.

To put the escape-board under, the upper
story does not need to be lifted off. bimply
nrv up the rear end of it about six inches
with the left hand. A chisel may be neces-
sary to start it. As soon as it starts, be^in
to blow in, across the brood-frames, smoke
from the smoker held in the right hand, on
the right side of the hive as you stand in the
rear. Sharp blasts in the narrow crevice will
p iss clear across. Do not look to see if the
bees run ; if you have smoked bees a thou-
sand times or more you may know that every
bee will get out of the way as soon as possi
ble. When the edge of the hive is up six
inches, put your left knee against the edge,
to hold it there while the hand goes over to
catch the front hand-hole, and raise that end
of the story about a foot, and swing it around
to the left, using the knee for a pivot. By
this time the right hand has set the smoker
down and brought the escape-board up, and
laid it on ton of the brood-chamber. Escape-
boards are light. One hand can handle them
by the rim and lay one down carefully to
avoid killing bees. Then both hands are free
to ease the upper story down onto it. i his
is only the fraction of a minute, but it takes
as large a fraction to get to the next hive,
and another to straighten the back after the
bending position. Rheumatics straighten
up very slowly sometimes. No pans of water
are needed, nor honey-daubed brushes to
stick to every bee they strike— no handker-
chiefs to arrest the drops of perspiration
that chase each other off the end of the nose
into the hives, nor aching fingers from grasp-
ing slippery proiecting arms while plying the

brush. > i u

Brushing bees hurriedly from the combs,
with old Sol looking straight down at you in
the confined air of a veil, is like feedme a
thrashing-machine or firing an engine i he
feeder steps out from his machine, the fire-
man from his cab, and apiarists seek the
shade of a tree or building while they mop
away the sweat and secure a free breath of
cool air.

The principal fault I have found m escapes
is, where only one upper story is used, it
keeps all the bees from work about six hours
while they are getting through the escape, or
else we need a six-hour supply of empty
combs and stories to begin work with ; but
where two extracting-stories are used, one
could always be left on. I used two stories,
but expect, another season, to use three.

Brace-combs may trouble where narrower
frame material than 1 1-16 is used m either
top or bottom bars. Still again, there is
about one colony in twenty that persists in
their construction, and needs a change of
queens.

When our harvest ended last June I did
not think there would be any honey m the
fall, and I left on about 75 upper stories full
of capped sage honey, there not be_ng a
pound of winter stores in the lower hives.
However, they gathered enough from tar-
weed and other bitter flowers to about till
the lower combs. The escapes are put on in
the afternoon, and the upper stories taken
into the tent the next morning, and extract-
ed during the day. The empty combs are
returned to the hives the following evening,
to be cleaned during the night ; and now af-
ter five days there is only occasionally a stray
robber smelling around. This could not be
done without escapes, and I am so well
pleased with the plan that I shall try to leave
half the crop (if we have any— prospects look
poor now) on another season, and extract it
after the hot weather is over, and there are
no ants to bother.

The honey is thick enough to be eaten with
a fork, without any trouble, but the extractor
must be turned like a thrashing-machine
cylinder, which is easily done by putting a
small cog-wheel on the crank *^nd of the
crank- shaft of a two-frame Novice machine.
Then another larger cog-wheel, to which the
crank is attached, is arranged on the side ot
the can just below the smaller wheel, it
takes a little more turning, but the work is
a 3 easy as in hot weather. ^ ^ ^

C. W. Dayton.

Pasadena, Cal., De?. 15, 1893."

Is Bacillus Alvei the Germ of Foul Brood 1

" Who shall decide when doctors disagree, ^.
And soundest causists doubt, like you and me.^

There is much discussion these days upon
the subject of foul brood, and through much
of it runs the assumption that bacillus alvei
is the cause of the disease. Mr. Frank
Cheshire found this bacillus in the bodies of
bees in colonies where there was foul brood,
also in the queen and her ovaries. This be-
ing true, it has always been a wonder to me
how a colony could be freed from the dis-
ease simply by removing the combs and giv-
ing the bees a new hive. Mr. J. A. Green, in
the American Bee Journal, raises the ques-
tion as to whether bacillus alvie is really the
cause of foul brood, and his views are cer-
tainly worthy of consideration. He says :—
" I believe that Mr. Cornell has misquoted
me on page 760 of the Bee Journal for De-
cember, 1893, and he is certainly in error in
saying that I have ' repeatedly ' made such a
statement. However, I will not stop now to
look the matter up, but will define my posi-
tion anew. . , ^ • . *

I do not believe, as one might infer from
the quotation attributed to me, that bacteria
are always the result, and never the cause,
of disease. At the only time I remember
making any such statement, I expressly

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

stated that I was not attacking the germ
theory of disease. It is too firmly established
to be affected by argument. In the main, I
believe in it thoroughly. I also believe, and
in this belief I am only the follower of at
least a ' respectable minority,' that the fact
that bacilli are to be found in diseased tissue
is not in itself a proof that that particular
form of bacillus is the cause of the diseased
condition.

It also seems to be a fact that very careful
experiments have sometimes failed for a
time to show the distinction between cause
and effect. For instance, a newspaper item
recently stated that late investigations had
decided that the ' comma bacillus " — the dis-
covery of which caused such a sensation in
the scientific world — was not the cause of
cholera, but merely a companion of the dis-
ease, the real cause or which must be looked
for further. I did not pursue the subject
further, so I cannot say how much of the
truth there may be iuthe report, but it serves
to illustrate my position, that it is very easily
possible for the bacteriologist to jump at
conclusions, and hastily decide that the
microbe so plainly in evidence in the matter
under investigation and in his subsequent
cultures, is the very one for which he is look-
ing, the cause of the diseased condition,
when perhaps some other microbe, more
minute or elusive, is the real cause.

I have never questioned Mr. Cheshire's
discovery of 6aci7/ns alvei. He may appear
to have succeeded perfectly in its isolation
and culture. What I claim is, that there is
room for a reasonable doubt that this bacil-
lus is the cause of foul brood. I base this
doubt upon the well proven fact that those
who have attempted its cure along the lines
laid down by the bacteriologists, have met
with almost uniform failure while those who
have discarded their teachings, and followed
methods which presuppose another cause
for the disease, have met with as uniform
8UCC38S. It appears to be simply a case
where the facts do not fit the theory. It is
said that a French theorist, upon being told
that the facts did not agree with his theory,
replied, ' Zen so much ze worse for ze facts.'
I regret to say that some of the writers on
this subject seem to have considerable of the
same spirit.

It is my opinion that the real cause of foul
brood is yet to be discovered. In saying this,
I will readily admit that I have not myself
made microscopical investigation of the dis-
ease, and that my training in bacteriology
has peen somewhat limited. There are few,
though, that have had a larger practical ex-
perience with foul brood than I. All that
experience has gone to show that Cheshire's
conclusions are incorrect, and that the meth-
ods of cure advised by him, as well as all
similar methods, are inefficient, unsatisfac-
tory, and unreliaVjle.

The disease is generally, if not invariably,
transmitted by means which the theorists
have considered unlikely to transmit it, while
those things they have pronounced most
likely to transmit it have utterly failed to do
so. Mr. Corneil has spent much argument
in the attempt to make bee-keepers believe

that wax made from foul-broody combs was
dangerous, as liable to transmit the infection.
Granting his premises to be well-founded,
his conclusions, according to bacteriologists,
are quite correct. As a matter of fact, though,
I have made many hundreds of such combs
into foundation, the use of which did not
cause the disease in a single instance. No
evidence has ever been brought forward to
show that any of the thousands of pounds of
such wax used for this purpose has ever
caused foul brood.

It may be that the cause of foul brood is a
bacillus yet undiscovered, or it may prove
that bacillus alvei is really the cause, and
that its investigators have simply been mis-
taken in regard to its manifestations, and
the best manner of dealing with it. In either
case, I see no reason to doubt that the dis-
ease may have its origin in decaying brood,
whether killed by chilling, starving, drown-
ing or suffocation.

Do not understand me as saying that I be-
lieve in the spontaneous generation of life of
any kind. The experiments of Tyndall set-
tled this question conclusively in the nega-
tive. But before he could make these ex-
periments conclusive, he had to go to the
pure air of the upper Alps, away from the
contaminated and germ-laden air of the low-
er earth. These, and other experiments,
have proven that living germs innumerable
float in the atmosphere, undeveloped until
they fall upon a substance favorable to their
growth. Some of these germs are exceed-
ingly common, while others are extremely
rare. There might be hundreds of square
miles, for instance, in which none of the
germs of foul brood could be found. In
such places no case of dead brood could ever
develop into foul brood. In other places,
the air might be full of its germs, and every
case of putrefying brood, occurring under
the proper conditions of heat, moisture, etc.,
furnishing a favorable soil for its growth,
might become a starting-point of infection.
However this may be, I doubt very much
that the disease is ever communicated to
healthy colonies except through the medium
of infected honey."

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E, E. HASTY.

«M» SEE that an editorial note in the Amer-
®) ican Bee-Keeper with the signature of
w^ "C." thinks out loud that Gleanings is
give too much space in these papers. Per-
haps I should watch out a little more to see
that I don'tneglect the juniors. But I'll say
this much "to wunst;" nothing like an
equal division of space among the journals
can be tolerated. Readers want the most
important new thoughts, without regard to
where they come from. I suspect, moreover,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

that if I were fairly tried by a jury cf my
peers I would be found guilty — not of the
crime charged, but of the pposite one —
passing over things in Gleanings and A, B.
J. that would have been promptly noticed
had they come up in the younger journals.
Men are mostly alike in certain things, one
of which is that when a fellow has a bran new
thought, which he thinks will set all the fra-
ternity a-talking, he will not send it to what
he consideres a minor journal. So the com-
plaint really lies not against me but against
the timbers of the universe.

But friend C's complaint is a marvel of in-
correct statement. He chalks me up with a
regular habit of spending six columns re-
viewing Gleanings, Any one who will take
the pains to glance at recent Views can see
that in December a little less than one col-
umn was devoted to Gleanings. Same in
November. And in October there was but a
little more than one column. And if I can
put two whole numbers of ' Gleanings into
one column, so that my readers have no
need to take Gleanings, I must be the most
wonderful writer in the whole world. Say,
W. Z., hadn't you better be advancing the
pay a little ? to fifty dollars a page, or some
such little matter ?

NEBRASKA BEE-KEEPER.

To this paper I am doubtless owing an
apology cf some sort. Till recently I do not
remember as I ever saw a copy — knew there
was such a journal, but possessed the idea
somehow that it was in the last stages of
dying ofif, when silence is the best thing all
around. Well, it don't appear to be dying
ofif at present, and has just entered its fifth
year. Your pardon, four-year-old N. B. K. !
Still I won't make my apology very abject ;
'cause if you had been crying very bitterly
about my omission you might have sent a
sample copy. The paper seems quite largely
editorial — and L. D. Stilson appears to be
the man. His advice is, sell half your honey
at a good price, and give the rest away,
rather than sell the whole at half rates.
(Page 139.) And he is the apostle of "keep-
ing everlastingly at it " even if half the bee
magnates do ignore him. Questions are is-
sued in one number and answered in the
next. Why the queens of a pure Italian api-
ary so often mismate is au important ques-
tion recently up. And the faults ? Well, I'll
just let them go through my fingers this time.
And here are some of the valuable sentences,

the first being in reply to the question just
alluded to.

" lu June '92 I was surprised to find a hundred
drones at every hive in the yard. Many of the
hives I positively know were free from drones
only that morning, which had been pleasant;
but about noon a heavy south wind suddenly
came up. and soon this swarm of drones ceme
from the same direction, black as jet, and the
nearest apiary of black bees in range of the wind
is over four miles away." Page 2.

" We claim that bees cannot be successfully
wintered in a moist or damp atmosphere."
Page 4.

" Isn't it better to have good plans and have
them sometimes miscarry, than to have no plans
and always in a muddle ?"

According to Nebraska lore a "kat" is
nearly as good as a " cat," if it represents a
good mouser.

Nebraska bees prepared for Christmas by
cleaning house, just as ours further east did.

And here is S. T. Crandall's report of one
colony — 50 lbs sections, 300 lbs extracted,
and 6 new colonies made by division. All
sold at an actual total of $52.50. Publishing
this sort of thing used to be condemned as
wicked ; but sinners have been so scarce
lately that we can actually afford 'em a free
ad.

The General round Up.

Rambler in Gleanings, page 14, gives voice
to one of the most solemn thoughts the fra-
ternity can encounter. Is there no other
practical way to beat off glucose, and culti-
vate the public taste for honey than to offer
genuine extracted at two cents ? Have we
many localities that can do that ? Who of
us can sell 10 tons of honey to: $460, buy the
supplies with part of it, and accept what is
left for wages ? Hist ! Are there wild boars
in the woods ? or is it the brethren in the
back counties snapping their teeth ?

" If you like sweet apples you will like sweet
apple honey better :" (from' the bruised fruit.)
Mrs. Hallenbeck in Am. Bee Journal.

The bee-keeper who wants to know how to
put in his time in the winter should read W.
Z. Hutchinson's Z}i page article on the sub-
ject in the Progressive — not even skipping
the following —

" Of course, not very large wages can be made
at it, but cutting btove wood is_ something that
can be worked to advantage in the winter."
(Pagei;^.)

Shoo ! Does stove-wood have to be cut by
somebody before it can be burned ? Like as
not, like as not, a bee-keeper might do " that
are " with pleasure and profit.

Doolittle fights for his "contented hum "
like one of the heroes defending ancient
Troy. Like Hector in the gate he stood after

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

nightfall in the door of his bee cellar (all
open GO hour:*, and no foul air possible) and
he caught the murmur of the wind in the
trees outside with one ear, and the mu- mur
of health in his bees with the other ear, and
the two sounds were sweetly alik». Guess
we shall have to yield him the point that bees
are not always silent when wintering well.
See December Canadian, page 133.

It would be quite interesting if Alley would
just out with it and tell how he accomplishes
what he promises below — but then, trade
secrets — yes, yes !

"If others wish to do so (keep two queens
together) we can ship them queens with the
point of the stint? taken off." Api., 1893, page 181.

Alley also thinks that the prevention of
swarming should be given a rest, and that
we investigate this question instead : How
to bring a colony up to the swarming point.
See Api., 10.

The following from the Canadian's begin-
ners' department rather reminds me of the
awfully fussy and too-too directions of cer-
tain amateurs :

'• To have a smoker standing in the yard for
hours blowing its fumes about the apiary is not
in accordance with good management." Page
108, Dec.

Of course a smoker might be left so as to
annoy one colony needlessly wiih continued
draft of smoke ; but bees are not quite
babies, to be watched over with nurse-maid
vigilance. Put the smoker right where the
boy's mother put the rod — behind the motto
— inscription, I Need Thee Every Hour.

" Last winter I tried the plan of putting in oc-
casional fires. Bees out doors have occasional
warm days, and why should'ntit be the same way
in the cellar ? But it didn't seem to work in
practice as well as in theory." C. C. Miller in
Canadian, page 111, Dec.

Ah, yes ! Here we have it. Those grave

and sapient Germans can get into a mess by

over positiveness just like we'uns. Hear

friend Reepen in the German department of

A. B. J. (XXXII,, 717.)

" Has the bee to die after stinging ? Yes, al-
ways !"

But then we Yankees have respectable
evidence that the bee does not always die
after stinging.

Jennie Atchley finds that in fall transfer-
ring (perfectly feasible in her sub-tropical
location) i is best to cage the queens a spell,
lest brood rearing be started too freely. A.

B. J., XXXII,, 718.

Jennie is quite an earnest opposer of
McEvoy's foul brood heresies, and on the
next page to the above she gets in the follow-
ing knock down.

" Do you suppose that this United States had
no dead brood up to the time foul brood was
brought to this country ?"

A sample hive which she bought as a model
brought foul brood with it, and developed a
bad case when a swarm was hived in it. Men
of Israel, help ! This is the man that teach-
eth all men everywhere to be ruinously care-
less about infected hives !

" In this warm climate we find that the moths
are twice as bad, it seems, as they were in north
Texas. We now put out a tub of soap suds in
the apiary, and burn a lantern all night right
over the tub " A. B, J., XXXII., 719.

" Exceedingly yellow drones generally indicate
Cyprian blood." Emeraon T. Abbott in A. B.
J., 721.

"The poorest food gathered by bees is the
juice of fruits, then the honey dew. Both are
bad food for winter." Charles Dadant, A. B.
J.. 722,

But Pierce found that mixing one-tenth
of cider in honey seemed to do little or no
harm.

The same writer notes that cold in the lat-
ter part of winter works much more injury
than during the early weeks of winter.

Perhaps the following, also from Pierce, is

worth meditating ou a little :

" A normal colony of bees hived in a large box
or gum, and allowed to keep all honey gathered,
say to the amount of 60 or 80 pounds, will live
and keep healthy, no matter how severe or how
prolonged the winter may be."

Query 901 in ^. B. J. shows nicely how a
method once popular goes into almost en-
tire disuse. It refers to the plan of spread-
ing the combs for winter to let larger masses
of bees between. The respondents are
against the practice by a vote of 18 to 3.

In these days when so many bee-keepers
seem to think it nice to make up mouths at
their first love, it is refreshing to hear what
Doolittle says on the subject. If it is true
that "all men love a lover" I think that it
is the forever and ever sort of lover that will
be awarded the ca'*e.

" While else has seemed like work to me, yet
every moment soent in the bee yard is always
play: and after '31 years of this kind of jilay, I
must say that to me the l)ee business is still the
most fascinating of anything in life " A. B, J.,
XXXII., 784.

Mrs. Atchley reminds us {A. B. J., 813)
that perforated zinc is one ol the best reme-
dies for robbing. Might know how it is
yourself. When there is prospect of a fight
in front a fellow don't relish crawling, with
a squeeze and a grin, through a small hole
immediately antecedent.

" I never yet have had a colony consume a large
amount of stores during the winter, unless it
was injured to a greater or less extent as to its
usefulness, if it lived through to see the next
honey harvest at all," Doolittle, A, B, J., 17,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

How the boys do get together, banditti
like, and subject one idol after another to a
storm of unexpected clubs ! Of late it is the
bee escape that is catching it. One senator
after another speaks out to our surprise and
tells how little he cares for it.

"I doubt the economy of painting ; for wouldn't
the amount of painting needed in 25 years cost
more than a new liive body ? But I suppose I
made a mistake in not having the covers paint-
ed." C. ('. Miller in Gleanings, XXI , 883.

How's this for Australian report ?

" One apiary of 17 colonies produced 7,000
pounds of honey, and increased to 90. Glean-
ings, XXI.. 885.

A California friend, E. H. Schaeffle, con-
trives to turn the sun's rays on both top and
bottom of the solar extractor, and so dis-
enses with the dangerous lamp for caking
the wax solid. I incline to think this an im-
portant invention — possibly needing some
additional licking into rhape. See Glean-
ings, 920.

Powdered sulphur well sprinkled over bees
and combs cures bee-paralysis when salt
fails. So says Joseph Monuier. Gleanings,
XXI., 942.

Friend Cornell, playing at several queens
in a hive, lost every queen from about 20
nuclei ; and then was so boyish that he
wouldn't play any more. Gleanings, XXI.,
931.

"I see the report that mountain honey is rich-
er than valley honey. My appetite seems to in-
dicate the reverse, for the higher in tiie moun-
tains I find it the more I can eat, to the extent
of nearly making a meal of it." C. W. Dayton in
Gleanings, XXI., 930.

Tut, tut ! Richness and fulsomeness are
not the same thing. I'm going to hang on
to the notion that way up honey is the best.

And here is a nearly conclusive decision

of a quite important question.

" After a careful watch for over a score of
years I have_ failed to find a single bee having
any honey in its honey-sac while at work gather-
ing pollen from corn tassels." Doolittle in
Gleanings, XXI., 916.

And on page 922, Gleanings XXI., the ever

fascinating, and ever unsettled question

comes up again — inheritance of qualities by

food, or magnetism, or contact, or some-
thing or other besides parentage. Well, dis-
coveries are for those who are not satisfied
with what thy already know.

In last Gleanings (page 44) we have a sub-
ject opened in such a way, as seems to assvre
us that a new era, long halting and recalci-
trant, will get here by and by. It's all about
what the good bees actually do in fertilizing
flowers.— Find the truth first, and proclaim
it afterward. Our preaching on this text
heretofore has worn such high heels, and
given itself so much of the air of the bantam
rooster, that sensible outsiders could hard'y
help being suspicious that we were merely
talking in our own interest of things we knew
very little about. And our general history
has not been such as to greatly encourage
impartial investigators — except such as are
usually willing to play short stop to dead
goslings and stale turnips from all direc-
tions. Yes, let the matter so well opened go
on. Let those who have, or think they have,
evidence that fertilization takes place nearly
as well without bees as with, bring it right
forward ; and let no one call names. Then
let bee folks make more experiments. Prof.
Cook's are good as far as they go ; but we
want more. Especially we want some flow-
ers covered with gauze and bees admitted
too, that we may know just how much the
deadening of the air counts for. Between
the Rural New ' orker and Ernest and Dr.
Miller they have done us a good turn. In
the end thereof we may not know so much
as we do now, but some of what we know
will be so.

And Mr. Doolittle's answer to the begin-
ner who wanted to be told just how he could
know how his bees in cellar were wintering
well, ( Gleanings, 20. ) I do not feel like con-
densing that. I'll just request our editor
that we may have tlie whole of it either in
this or a forthcoming number.

RiOHABDS, Lucas Co., Ohio, Jan, 29, '94.

WAflTED .

Corr)b apd Extracted Hoijey

and BEESWAX.

Purcbz^se^I outright z^n^ bigb^st priccpai^I. No consi^inrpents.
Corrwpon^Iencc solicited. Tbc WA\. PEMW BARGAIN HOUSE,

2-94-12t ffo. 605 A\ZirHct St., Pbilz^tl^Ipbia, Pa.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

m B

i Names of Bee - Keepers. |

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

BBBBISBlBElEiSISBEiBBBBBBBBBBBBB

The names of my castomers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved'and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N. Y. City.

(SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

Please ni^iiHan "the Review

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES. SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

194-12t. RIVER PALLS. WIS.

GOLDEN

ITILIIN

QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1893. For
the price, we have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1.50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-93-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Reuieui.

PHENT. WIRED, COMB FOUKDATION

HAS NO isAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Ttiii!^ Flat - Bottom FonMatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
,1. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,

(SOLE MANUFAOTUREBS),

H-»0-tf Sprout Brook, Mon*^"ro.,N'Y

Dadant's Comb Foundation.

Wholesale and Retail. Even our competitors
acknowledge that our goods are the Standabd
of their kind. Langstroth on the Honey
Bee, Revised. New edition. Bee Veils;
and veil material at wholesale. Bee Supplies,
Sections, Smokers, etc Samples of Founda-
tion and veil stuff with circular free. Instruc-
tions to beginners. Send your address to

GHAS. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, Ills.

4 -93-121 Please mention the Review.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOU 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. F. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. , Augusta, Georgia.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

THE ODELL

TYPE WRITER

$20

will buy the ODELL TYPE WRITER
and CHECK PERFORATOR, with
78 Characters, and $15 for the SINGLE CASE
ODELL, warranted to do better work than
any machine made.

It combines Simplicity, with Durability. Speed,
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Two to ten copies can bo made at one writing.
Any intelligent iierson can become a good opera-
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Reliable Agents and Salesmen wanted. Special
inducements to Dealers.

For Pamphlets giving Indorsements, <fec., ad-
dress

ODELL TYPE WRITER CO..

358 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cat represents oar
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOB CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,

Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills

Please mention the Reuietv.

The Ghoicest

TE5TED QUEEN5

Will bo ready for mailing in the early spring at
$1.01) each. Exclusive attention given to queen
breeding. Have furnished Northern queen
breeders for years Send in your orders early
and have your choice of the Golden Italians, or
the Imported Stock.

4-94-tf .J. W. K. SHAW & ("O.

Loreauville, La.
Money order Newilberia.

World's Fair Medal

Awarded my Foundation. Send for free
sampleJSa Dealers, write tor wlu)lesale prices.
Root's new Polished Sections and other
goods at his prices. Free Illustrated Price
List of every thing needed in the apiary.

A\. H. HUMT,

l-94-tf Bell Branch, Mich.

Pleaso mention the Reuieui
AND OTHER

Bee-Keepers' Appliances

AT BED ROCK PRICES.

Best of Goods at.L-owcst Prices.

Write for free, illustrated catalnguf ami piu-o
list.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

l-W-tf Watertown, Wis.

5,000 QUEENS

Tb« 5-Ban«|^<l Golfl^n ItZiliz^n Queens
ar^ 5tiII in tb« fiel<I

Tb«y a^r? ta.Kers of firjt pr^roiurpj.

They are ba^rtly, gentl? &n<l pretty.

Tb^y Zkre excellent bopey gatberers,
«tc.

t\y circular is povsr rezi<Iy. Sen<) for it.

J. F. niCH/\EL.,

l-W-Ot German, Darke Co. Ohio,

EARLY

GOLDEN

ITALIAN

ii-9;uf QUEENS

Bred for business from selected strains.
Ready in March, at $1.00 each, or six for $5.00.
For particulars and testimonials, send for cir-
cular, .J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla,

Italian Queens

AND NUCLEI.

Five and Three-Banded, bred in separate yards
twelve miles apart. Warranted Queens, 75 cents
each ; three for $2.00 ; tested, $1.00 Good's intro-
ducing cage sent extra with each queen. Strong
Nucleus with warranted queen, 2-frame, for $2.00;
3-frame for $2.50 ; 4 frame for $3 00. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. Special prices on large orders.
J. H. GOOD,
l-9-H2t Nappanee, Ind

QUEENS

Smokers, Sections,

Comb Foundation
And nil Apinrlan Supplies
rhpHp. Send for

FLANAUAN, Kelleville, III.

1-94-tf.

Please mention the Reu

SECTIONS

$2.50 Per Thousand.

During the montli of .January I will sell No. 1
Sections at .$2. -50 per thousand. Hives, Frames,
Shipping Cases, and the Terry Potato Crate are
my specialties. A 10 page Price List free.

J. A\. KiriZIE,

l-94-tf Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.

HATCH CHICKENS BY STEAM

v.th^h«_iu.proved Excelsior Incubator.

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'Batcher. Lowest priced
first-clasB Hatcher made.
9. CatBlogne.B GEO. H. 8TAHL, Qulncy.IU.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Big Discount

Times are hard and money ' scarcer than
hen's teeth," so if you will send me 5fDW in
Feb., or $6.50 in March, I will send you twelve
of those choice, golden, Italian queens at any
time after July let. Six queens at dozen rates
plus 50 cts., or one queen for 75 cts.

S. F. TREGO, (M.o! oSce, CaWe.)

U94-9t Please mention the Review.

A Grand Bargain !

Having business in Gratiot county, Michigan,
which demands my attention. I offer my place
and business here for about ONE - HALF their
value. There are thirty acres of land (title
perfect), dwelling house, shop, new barn, good
orchard, good circular saw - mill and planing-
mill, with bee - hive and section - box ma-
chinery in the basement, all in fine running
order and driven by a good, substantial water-
power.

I also have nearly 100 colonies of healthy
Italian bees ( all with vigorous young queens )
in the new style, Heddon hive, a large quantity
of first -class supplies for raising both comb
and extracted honey, all of the best modern
styles, also comb foundation works, with steam
boiler and heaters for melting and heating pur-
poses ; in fact, one of the best equipped apiaries
to be found, and in a first - class honey location
abounding in white and alsike clovers, bass-
wood, whitewood and faU bloom in abundance.

To sell quickly, I offer the whole outfit for
$2,500.00; three - ft)urths cash, with balance on
time if required. Price, without bees and sup-
plies, $2,000.00 cash.

Any one looking for a bargain in this line
will do well to write for farther particulars.

0. H. TOWNSEND, Alamo, Mich.

Muth's

HONEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Cold-Blast Smokers,

S<|u&re eiziss Honey J^^r^, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
SendlOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.
1-94-tf. Pleane Mention the Reuieu.

mm QUEENS from TEXAS,

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAUTY AND GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— March, April and May-
Si 00 each. 150 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders, $1.50 each. Order early. S^nd for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,_

4-91-6t Box 3. L.SriON.TEX.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $l.u0
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention the Review.

—If you are going to—

BUY A BUZZ - SA\Sr,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

New Heddon Hive

FOR

CANADA.

ll-93-tf

Having bought the Canadian
patent on the above hive I am
prepared to supply it in any com-
bination to the bee - keepers of
Canada, ('irculars of interest to
all mailed free. Write for one.
A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

Please mention the Review,

Overland
Monthly,

AN ILLUSTRATED
^ _^ MAGAZINE.

The Best Thought, the BesL
Literature, the Best Interests of
the Pacific Coast are shown in the

Overland Monthly.

Its beautiful pictures, and able
articles are a continuous World's
Exposition of the West.

One Sample Copy , 1 oc. Single Numbers, 25c.
Yearly Subscription, $3.oo.

All PostiiKiste-s arc ..uthorized to take
subscriptions.

Overlind iVlonthly Pub. Co.

feAN FRANCIGCO; Cal.
Please mention the Review.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

IMPORTAIMT^-^

^<^_T0 BEE-KEEPERS I

To make a success of bee keeping, you want
jbees that will give the very licst resnlts. My
Golden Italians have gained a good name on
their own merits. Those who have tested them
witli other bees s;iy "they arc the best honey
gatherers, cap their honey the wliitest, as gentle
as butterflies, beautiful to look at, are the largest
and strongest bee of all the races."' Queens
bred from mothers that produce uniformly
marked

piVE-BHflDED WORI^Et^S

In March. April and May, $1.2r, each, 6 for $6.00;
June, $1 00 each, 6 for $5.00: .July to Nov., $1.00
each, 6 for $4.50. Special prices on large orders.
For full particulars send for descriptive circular.
14-9-tf C D- DUVALL.

Spencerville, Montg. Co., Maryland.

EE SUPPLIES!

, Send for free copy of II^LXISTRATEB

I CATAliOGtJE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G. Neivman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chlcaifo*

^^^^ \^ Queens rank with the best in
# "V" "% f the world. I rear none ex-
■ I ■ cept the best Italians bred for

III business, beauty and all good

■ I I 'lualities. I strive to excel, and

■ ^ I have shipped to every State and

■ I to foreign countries, and if I have
M \ ^ flissatisfied customer, I don't
r ^ know it. A large number of

qneens on hand. Breeders 4 and
5 band, $2.00; straight 5 biuid, $:^< 0. Untested,
$1.00. Eeference, A. I. Koot. W. H. LAWS,
2-94-tf Lavaci, Ark.

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. land No. z. v\ rite foi
special prices on winter orders in large or small
lilts, including all other Supplies. Also Berry
( rates and Baskets made uri dt- in flat.

Address, BERLIN FIU'IT BOX CO.,
M»4-6t Berlin Heights, Ohio.

\2i' V ■ _
Bingrham Perfect (Smokers.

Cheapest and Best on Earth .
Patented 1878, 1882 and 1892.

LND t'ARU TO

F. BINGHAM,

Hbronia, Mich, for Free Il-
lustrated 1894 Price List of
PERFEt;T Honey Knives
and Smokers. 1-94-tf

PleaF" mention 'he Reuieui.

GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN

SECTIONS.

Our white poplar and basswood sections
will surely please you. Eight - to - the - foot
poplar, seven - to • the - foot and 1 % basswood,
a 1 4'4 X 414 inches square. Prices of either kind:
500, $1.50; 1,000, 13.00; 2,000, $\75 ; 3,000, $8.30;
4,000, $10.80; 5,000, $13.25. Samples free.

0. H. TOWNSEND,

2-94-lt

Alamo, Kal. Co., Mich.

ntion the Reuieui

niustraied Alvertlsemeats Attract Attention.

Cuts Furnisned for all illustrating Purposes .

Supplies

Co I't order your
until after you have
sent for. received and read my new catalogue
of sections, foundation, TTF'^JJSC
smokers, comb foundation
and everything necessary for bee - keepers.

Bestgoods 2|_^ lovu Prices

.\ddre88

J. .J. BR.A.DNER, Marion, Ind.

Please mention the Keuiew,

2-94-3t

A r- N r— I— OIIDDI ICC such as hives Sections, Founda-

■ I J I L oUrrLltO tiqn Extractors, and Everything

■ 11 I I Else USED BY a Bee-keeper. Also Clover Seed Buck-

■ Lm/ I.- li— WHEAT. BEES AND QUEENS; Large yyHQLESALE AND Retail

■ Catalog Free, immense stock. "^^

■ Address

JOS. NYSEWANDER,Des Moines, Iowa.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

fleui Customers ape UUhat uue noxu Uiant.

We always keep our old customers by FAIR DEALING and giving FULL VALUE.
Our 1894 catalogue of all kinds of

BEE-SUPPLIES

A copy of THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER aud a Souvenir of value will be sent
on application. We manu f acture all kinds of Bee Hives, the celebrated Falcon Sections,
Comb Foundation, etc. Tl^C W. T. PALCOiSER A\'f' g CO.,

( ESTABLISHED 14 YEARS.) Jamestown, N. Y.

Bee Hives and Section Boxes.

Simplicity, Langstroth-Simplicity, Standard
Langstrotb, Dovetailed and Champion Chaff
Hives, Supers, One Piece Sections and Shipping
Cases. Foundation. Smokers, etc., etc. Send
for 16-page Circular.
1-92-tf PAGE & KEITH. New London, Wis.

Please mention the Reuiew.

SUCCESS

\y) Bee-Culture,

A cyclopedia of fresh, bright, original ideas
pertaining to Bee-Culture, carefully selected and
boiled down for busy people. Published monthly
at 50 cts — sent from now until .Jan. 95 for 50ct8.

BURTOrt L. SaCE, HigbWoo<l, Copo.

Please mention the Reuiew.

WALTER S. POUDER,

162 MaBS. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Standard Goods— Popu-
lar Prices — Catalogue
Free.
"BUSY BEES"

A book telling how to manage them— 10 cents in
Stamps : or free to those sending names of five
bee-keepers. l-84-12t

Supplies

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

the

<(nnnn"

BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

i — m^ I

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

Jan. Ist, 1,S91.

J. FOI?r*CI?OOK & CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

Please mention the Review.

BEE MAN WANTED

To take charge of four apiaries ou shares, or I
will rent or sell, with residence and appliances.
Good locality. Moral, college town. I wish to
travel for my wife's health. For further par-
ticulars address OLIVER FOSTER,
2-94-tf Mt Vern(jn, Linn Co. Iowa.

TEXAS

OUEENS

Has a Climate Where

can be reared almost

the year round. J. N.

COLWICK, living in
this State at Norse, Bosque t'o., can furnish
tested queens for ^1.25 at any time, and untested
at $1.00 will be ready as early as April. 2-9't-tf

Bee

The Progbessive Bee - Keeper is the
name of a journal for which you ought to
subscribe. Although the price is only 50
cts., the jounial is first-class in every re-
spect. Dr. Miller calls it " the really pro-
gressive, Progbessive." During the ^last
year it has received more favorable notices
from the bee-keeping press than has any
other journal. Its subscription list is six
times wliat it was a year ago when taken
in charge by Mr. Leahy.

We arc also the largest manufacturers of
apiarian supplies west of the Mississippi.
Kiudly send us your name and we will send
you a sample copy of the Progbessive
Keeper ; also our beautifully illustrated catalogue of apiasian supplies.
HiBA-mr Mi'F'O- OO,, Jiiggin-svllle, ^-Ussoiari. m

MAR., 1894.

At Fliqt, Micl^igaq. — Oqe Dollar a Year.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

RlDVBHTlSlHO t^RTBS,

All advertieements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 centB per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal. . . .( l.Od)

Canadian Bee Journal — ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper — ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)...

Bee Keepers' Guide ( .50)

Apiculturist ( .75)

Bee-Keepers' Enterprise . . ( .50)

$1.75.

1.75.

1.40.

1.30.

1.40.

1.65.
. 1.40.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— All sections to be weU filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoUed by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there wiU be " fancy white,
"No. 1 dark,"' etc.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— There is a liberal stock of
honey on hand and trade is dull, but we expect
to clean out all this month and next. We quote
as follows : Fancy white, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 white,
11 to 12 ; fancy dark, 8 to 9 ; No. 1 dark, 7 to 1}4;
white extracted, 6 ; dark, 5 ; beeswax, 25 to 30.
BATTERSON & CO.,

Mar. 7. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

CHICAGO. Ill —The Chicago market has
plenty of honey, and 14c seems to be the outside
price obtainable. Any thing that will not grade
strictly No. 1 must be sold at 12 to 13. Large
quantities have been sold, but the supply is at
present in excess of the demand. Extracted
finds ready sale at 6 to 6)4 for Northern honey ;
Southern, in barrels, 5. Beeswax, 22 to 24.

Dec. 19.

S. T. FISH & Co.,
189 So, Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, 111. — Comb honey is selling in
small lots, when choice, at 14 to 15 cts; off
grades are hard to dispose of. Extracted is of
slow sale at 5 and 6 cts. Beeswax is in good de-
mand at 25 cts for pure goods.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Mar. 7. 161 So. Water St., Chicago, lU.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— The demand for all kinds
of honey is very light. We quote as follows :
No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1 amber, 13 to 14; fancy
dark, 10 to 12; No. 1 dark, 10; white extracted,
7 to T-A; amber extracted, 6; dark extracted, 5;
beeswax, 20 to ^.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,
521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

Mar 7.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— The market is very

weak at present, but, evidently will be better

later on. We quote as follows : FancySwhite, 16

to 17; No. 1 white, 15; fancy amber, ISV^ to 14;

No. 1 amber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 : white extracted.

6H to 7 ; amber extracted, 6 ; dark extracted. 5i4.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,

116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Jan. 2.

CHICAGO 111.— The honey market is very duU
at last month's quotations ; but we have moved
considerable stock at 13 cts and believe that 13 to
14 will rule for the balance of the season. There
is plenty of inquiry for beeswax with none to ot-
fer. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 13 to
14; No. 1 white, 13; fancy amber, 12; white ex-
tracted, 5 to 6 ; beeswax, 25.

J. A. LAMON.

Mar. 7. 44 & 48 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

NEW YORK, N. Y. — The demand for comb
honey has almost ceased, while the market is yet
well stocked. In order to move round lots, the
prices given must be " shaded." Extracted is in
fair demand, but the supply is abundant. Bees-
wax meets with a ready sale at the prices given.
We quote as follows : Fancy white. 11 to 12 : No.
1 white, 10 to 11; fancy amber, 11 ; fancy dark,
9 ; white extracted, 5-4 to 6 ; amber extracted,
5^ ; dark extracted. 5 ; beeswax, 27 to 28.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
Mar. 9. 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

ALBINO

Qu^^n^ 2vn^ Bcc5

Are the best of all. We can furnish the golden
Italians or the Albinos, but experience tells us
that the .^binos are the best, while our orders
show 50 to 1 in their favor. Send for our re-
duced prices Wo furnish bee-keepers supplies
generally. See our circular. S.VALENTINE.
2.94.3t Hagarstown, Md.

ru|\MPioN ncubators

BROODERS

WRITE FOR CflTALOGUE

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW-

AFTEt^ YOOt? BEES

Have passed the rig^ors of winter, then comes spring-
with its mixture of balmy days and >torms, its few short
honey - flows interspersed with rain, frost and mayhap an
occasional snow storm. How best to bring- the bees
throug-h this trying- period in such a manner that, not-
withstanding adverse weather, they will g-ain steadily
in numbers and be ready to g-o forth as an army to
gather in the spoils when the main harvest comes, is
taught in one of the opening- chapters of "Advanced
Bee Cultures,"

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HOTCHlNSOfl, Flint, Mich.

:©)

GO TO

HEAD
QUARTERS

FOR 4 AND 5 BANDED

mm ^rrrn^

Special, breeding queen, $5.00

Best, select, tested, 3.00

Tested, 2.50

Untested,. 1.00

" per dozen, ■ 9.00

L. L. HEARN.
7-93-tf Oakvale, W. V «■

B[[80PPLIES„^o-L

Everything usai in the Apiary

Greatest variety aud largest stock in the west.
New catalogue, 60 illustrated pages, free.

1-94-tf

E. RRETCHMER, Red Oal, la.

Please mention the Review.

EE SUPPLIES!

, Send forfreecnpyof II.,I.,XTSTRATED
I CATALOOrE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G. Jfewman, 147 So. Western Ave. .Chicago.

Doolittle's Queei? - Rearing Free!

We have some of (i. M. Doolittl.-'a " Scientific Queen-Rearing hook (170 pages) in paper
covers, a copy of which \v» will IT. il TRE'E to the New Subscriber who sends us $1.00 for the
Weekly AMERICAN BEE dOURNAIj for one year. This same book in cloth
binding s -lis i .r Sl.OO, out we give .> a New Subt^criber one of the paper bound edition for
nothing. Order quick, if you want one. They will all soon be gone. A sample copy of the
' Hee .Journal " is sent free on applicniion to the publishers.

GEO. W. YORK 6- CO., 56 Fifth Ave., ©Hczigo, Ills.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Sections

Sandpapered and polished on both
sides while you wait ; but don't
wait too long- or you will look like
the man above. Dealers are already laying" in a stock, and
if you want any, order before the rush. We invite com-
parison of these g-oods with other makes, and will g^ladly
send you samples for two 2 cent stamps to pay postag-e.
Our 52-pag-e catalog-ue for '94 Lelling- all about these and
other POods free for the asking-.

A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

•outhern iee-leepers

• •

Wliy send W— A~Y out West for your Supplies ?
Wc c;in furnish them as Jew AS any ONE, (quality
considered) aud ship direct by water, which
means low rates. We keep a large stock on hand
and fill orders promptly. Circulars on applica-
tion.

I. J. STRINGHAM,
l-94-12t 105 Park Place,

NEW YORK CITY.
Special prices on foundation until March 1st.

Please mention the Reuiew.

FOUR MONTHS

THE CANADLAN BEE .JOURNAL, a live bee
paper cditfd by R. F. Holtebm.\n will be sent
to any new subscriber for four months tor 2.'>c.
in stamps or silver. Renewals $1.00 per year.
Adilres-s (iOold, Shaplev & MuiE Co , Ltd.,
Brantford, Ont., Canada.

25 CENTS.

A handsome portfolio containing eisht En-
gravinfjs 11x14 suitable for framins or for use in
the portfolio if preferred, sent postpaid with
any new $1.00 subscription.

^CO.HiGGlHSVIlLE-Mo.

B AT THE WORLD'S FAIR ^"^ ^^^^^'^ ^^^ ^^^^'^'^ "

ceived the ONLY AWARD (Med-
The most practical Bee-keepers everywiiere use and
implement aud as the best. Circular and testimonials

al and Diploma) given an escape.

recommend it as a great labor-savin

free.

PRICES:— Bach, postpaid, with directions, 20 cents; per dozen, S2.25, and YOUR
MONEY BACK IF NOT SATISFIED. Order from your dealer, or, if more convenient,
from the manufacturers,

1 94-tf R. i£ E. C. PORTER, Lewistown, III.

Tsrirrrir; r.nrrrir J j:jjju:jji'j!j jjyii^ !j[j'ji:ju'.j :j Li JLJij:^ .jyiijyy '.J 'j^^

e (5)ee-

eepeps' JHeViecu.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to i\\e Interests of Hoqey Producers.
$L00 A YEAR.

W. Z.HOTCHirlSOrl, EditoP & Pfop.

VOL, VH, FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAR, 10. 1894. NO, 3,

Work at IVEioliigan's

Experimental

Apiary.

K. L. TAYLOK, APIAKIST.

SMOKERS ; BEE ESCAPES ; BRACE AND BURR

COMBS ; CLEANSING WAX WITH ACIDS.

Sometimes this poser meets the tester.
When both are best which is "bester?"

(^MOKERS for
\S use in apia-
ries to aid in the
control of the
bees are rightly
considered a
[)rime necessity.
They are made in
great variety by
a iiumber of man-
ufacturers. Sev-
eral tusts have
been made by
different persons of the comparative powers
of the " blasts " of some of the larger ones
but it occurred to me that perhaps that point
is not the most important one to be consid-
ered for the reason that for all practical
purposes the blast of any of the well known
smokers is strong enough, — in fact the use
of a very strong blast is very seldom desira-
ble. I think the points that should have
precedence in determining the value of a
smoker are : the degree of freedom from

choking up, and durability and convenience
in using, and these points can best be de-
cided by practical use in the apiary. To
compare in this way the two smokers that
have perhaps the highest repute of any, viz.,
the Crane and the Bingham, I procured one
of each of the largest size and put them to
use in the apiary during the entire busy sea-
son.

So far as difficulty with soot was concern-
ed neither one seemed to have any decided
advantage — either being entirely satisfactory
when proper fuel is used. The fuel should
be wood absolutely dry and but little de-
cayed ; if fuel containing much dampness is
used soot will collect sufficiently to cause
some annoyance.

As to durability ono season is not sufficient
to enable one to form a judgment. Barring
accidents, the leather used in making the
bellows is in an otherwise first-class smoker
the first part to fail, so that in such case the
one in which the best leather is used would
generally prove to be the most durable. In
the two smokers in question the leather used
appears so far to be equally good.

In point of convenience my assistant de-
cided that the Bingham had a decided ad-
vantage and in my judgement his decision
was ri^'ht. The wire liandle for opening the
fire box in the Bingham was found more ef-
fectual in securing the hand from burning
in the operation of refilling, for the cap of
the Crane, though lined with asbestos, would
often become much too hot to be grasped by
the hand with impunity ; but more impor-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

tant than this we considered the difference
in the weight of the two smokers. From the
use of asbestos in the Crane smoker and the
consequent doubling of the metal it is made
much the heavier, which made it a burden
where much use was to be made of it, and
caused the Bingham in such cases to receive
the preference. Wliere one has the man-
agement of but few colonies a smoker of one
of the smaller sizes answers every require-
ment.

For the purpose of experiment I procured
and put to extensive use in clearing supers
of bees, a dozen bee escapes, a part of which
were those known as the Porter and the rest
the Hastings. There is no question that
they are of great utility for the purpose in-
tended at any time when the bees are not
busy gathering honey from the fields. As a
rule, about twenty-four hours were required
to substantially clear the supers of bees, and
then there were generally a few bees left in
them, but not so many as to be a serious ob-
jection. They were not used until the honey
season had about closed and it is very likely
that had they been employed during the time
of active work in the fields their function
would have been much more rapidly per-
formed. Though no Very great difference
appeared, yet of the two the Porter seemed to
operate the more sa'.isfactorily. It appears
that the perforated plates have the effect of
making the bees contented where they are,
rather than hastening their departure from
the super. Great caution should be exer-
ciced by the novice in adjusting the escape
in seeing that the super is bee proof, other-
wise he may discover later that he has insti-
tuted a disagreeable case of robbing.

For several years past there has been much
discussion of the question of the prevention
of brace and burr combs and for the purpose
of such prevention frames with heavy top
bars have found much favor. During the
past season, being possessed of fifteen or
more colonies upon such frames, I had a
favorable opportunity for judging of their
effectiveness. The top bars of the frames I
used are 1 1-1(! in. wide and 1 1-lG in. deep.
I spaced them about V4 in. apart so that they
were about 1 5-l() in. from center to center.
The results were very satisfactory, and, un-
less seasons of more abundant honey flow
produce different results, leave nothing to
be desired. There was scarcely a sign of a
burr comb except where a frame was im-
properly spaced.

Having seen the use of sulphuric acid rec-
ommended for the cleansing of wax I pro-
cured some in order to test its efiicacy. To
do so I brought the wax to a hard boil then
dipped it into a woodi;n vessel and added
about a table spoonful of the acid to twelve
pounds of wax. The wax which before was
very dark was astonishingly improved in ap-
pearance. However, the process is one not
to be recommended unless in extreme cases.
The bringing of the wax itself to the requ red
temperature demands extreme care to avoid
danger and the acid is a poison which must
be handled with the greatest caution ; and
more than all this the wax is, undoubtedly,
as Dadant points out, injured for the use of
the manufacture of foundation and the price
would be consequently lessened rather than
increased if it is to be used for making foun-
dation. It seems wiser therefore to render
wax in the ordinary way and to make use of
the acid process when the wax is very dark
and is to be used for some other definite pur-
pose than that of making foundation.
Lapeer, Mich. Feb. 24, 1894.

Why Given Foundation is Softer Than that
of Other Makes.

JOHN MYEKS.

O beauty, skin deep, we love you a heap !
And when shall we learn to be wiser .''

The good and the wise, you seem to their eyes
Like au eagle of gold to a miser.

T7R1END Hutchin-
i?" son : — I was very
much pleased to see
R. L. Taylor's ex-
periments with the
different makes of
foundation, as pub-
lished in the Review
for December. The
conclusions he ar-
rived at are similar
to those that have
been forced upon me
during the last few years while experiment-
ing with the two kinds of foundation, name-
ly, the Given and that made on rolls.

Although I did not have the facilities for
testing the thickness of the comb, as did
friend Taylor, yet, while watching the bees
drawing foundation, both in sections and in
frames in the body of the hive, I have always

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

noticed that they would draw out the Given
much sooner than they would the rolled, and
that after it had been dra n out the Given
seemed to be much thinner than the other ;
also, at different times, 1 have taken two
sections of comb honey, one made from
Given and one from rolled foundafon, and
placed them on the tea taljle and told my
tamily to 'test it and let me know if there was
any difference in the amount of wax con-
tained ia their mouth after eating the honey,
they not knowing which was Given or which
was not ; and, invariably, they hav^ given
prefernce to that made from Given founda-
tion. The only reason 1 can give for the
bees making thinner comb from the Given
is the same as I think has been given before,
that is, that the wax in both base and side
walls of the Given i s much softer, therefore
being mora pliable than that made by rolls.

I think it is Dr. Miller asks the question,
or at least tries to explain the reason that the
wax in the Given is the softest, and then
goes on to tell how the melted wax is thrown
into press, etc., and then you, Mr. Editor,
undertake to correct the Dr. by telling him
it is not made in that way. Now while the
Dr. is wrong he is also partly right We do
not throw the melted wax on the dies, to be
sure, but after it is sheeted, and before it
gets cold, the sheets are put in the dies and
pressed : and pressing it in the warm state
leaves the wax much softer than it does to
let the wax get cooled before pressing.

Some one might ask why not run the sheets
through the rolls while in this warm state.
It can hardly be done, it sticks to the rolls
so. Th se who are accustomed to making
foundation on rolls know that the wax works
much better when it has been dipped some
time and allowed to anneal, as some call it.

Now while I think the above has something
to do with the consistency of the wax in the
two kinds of foundation, I also think there
are other things that help to make this dif-
ference. The rolls squeeze the wax much
harder than it is possible to do with the
press. For insta^^ce, take a piece of woolen
cloth and soak it in water then put it in the
die book and put on all the pressure the
press will stand, and wiieu the cloth is taken
out it will be quite wet, soak the cloth again
and run it through the rolls at the same
pressure as we would use for ordinary brood
foundation and the cloth will come through
quite dry, showing that the pressure of the
rolls is much greater than that of the press.

I think Dr. Miller is wrong in stating that
Given foundation cannot be made of even
thickness ; if the sheets are dipped right
there is nothing in the pressing of them to
make it uneven. But I do agree with him
when he says he doubts if as nice looking
foundation can ever come from a Given
press as from a mill. I think this is where
the Given has lost ground and nearly gone
int i obscurity. The bee-keepers of America,
like all other people, seem to have a great
eye for the beautiful, hence the demand for
golden Italian queens, polished sections,
etc., and while I am one of the greatest ad-
vo(!ates of Given foundation I must admit
th t in regard to looks it cannot be com-
pared to that made on rolls ; the greater
pressure of the rolls makes a clearer base
and puts a mucn finer looking polish on the
wax, thus making it much nicer looking.

There is also some weight in what friend
Heddon says with regard to great advt rtis-
iug facilities being able to introduce and sell
an inferior article. I am not sure, but I
think it was yourself, or Ernest Root, that
stated that you thought the reason that
Given foundation was not kept for sale by
dealers now was because it was much slower
making Given than rolled. I don't agree
with you. Having made thousands of
pounds of both kinds, I am free to say I can
m ke a great many more pounds ou the press
than I can on the rolls in the same amount
of time. One of my men and I have tried a
number of times to see which was the mos
speedy way of making foundation. He would
work on the rolls and I on the press for sev-
eral hours and 1 would make a considerably
larger amount than he ; then he would take
the press and I the mill and we would work
several hours thus and at the end o: the time
he would have quite a number of pounds
more than I had. So that I am pretty sure
that this is not one of the hindrances to its
being kepf for sale.

There is one other thing which I think is
against the sale of Given foundation, that is,
there is no lubricant will make it come off
the dies as easily as strong lye. I think it
was James Heddon that first gave this to the
public. Starch, soap, or any other of the lu-
bricants usually used on rolls seem to be of
very little use on the dies. Well, when lye is
used, as it becomes dry, it percipitates leav^
ing a white powder on the foundation ; the
more lye used the more powder will be left
ou the wax. While this does no harm either

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW.

to the foundation or the bees, yet it does not
look nice, and, as I said before, the looks has
more to do with the selling of it than any
one thing. In conclusion I must say, that
although the demand for Given foundation
is not nearly so great, either in Canada or
the United States, as it was a few years ago,
I use no other and shall continue to use only
that kind, except for experiment, until I am
satisfied that there is a better kind.

Stbatfoed, Ont.

Feb. 9, 18G4.

How to Make Good Wax.— The Character-
istics of Good Foundation.

O. A, HATCH.

" Howekillfully she builds her cell,
How neat she spreads her wax !"

For us to do our part as well
Requires some knocks and knacks.

(HE wax is the most important thing in
foundation making. If the wax is
poor, no matter how well the founda-
tion is made the result is sure to be unsatis-
factory when submitted to the bees. Poor
wax may be pure wax or it may be what was
once good wax but has been spoiled by
handling. Wax that is the least bit scorched
is unfit for foundation ; bees do not like it
and it cannot be used except at a loss. Wax
made entirely from cappings does not make
the best foundation — it is too hard and brit-
tle. And here let me say, Mr. Editor, that I
have never found any wax that was brittle
but it was also hard.

Color has but little to do with foundation
being good or bad. Of course, if one is
making foundation to sell it must not be off
color, any more than butter for general mnr-
keli must be off color, a certain color is de-
manded by the trade and it is the duty of
the manufacturer to comply with the de-
mand or he soon loses his trade. Some of
the best foundation I ever had, however, was
of dark gray wax which no customer would
look at.

The hard ess and toughness of the wax is
all important ; color amounts to nothing only
to please customers. Wax from old combs
is always better than that from new combs.
Who can tell why ? Age makes wax hard,
yet old coinbs always give w 'X of good color
and both soft and tough. Who knows but
the pollen always present in old combs gives
it this desirable character ? Or is it the

saliva of the bees used in the repeated pol-
ishing of the cells that effects the change ?

Wax rendered at as low a temperature as
possible and allowed to remain melted only
long enough to get separated from the re-
fuse, is better than that rendered at a high
temperature at a long time. Therefore, in
rendering wax it should be done as quickly
as possible.

The kind of water used in rendering wax is
of importance Hard water or water con-
taining iron in solution are both objection-
able, especially the latter. I nearly ruined
some wax I was helping a friend prepare for
the Columbian fair by putting into it some
water highly impregnated with iron. This
water was so strong in iron that bright tin
put into it soon turned color. Wax in all its
processes should not come in contact with
either iron or tin vessels, copper only seems
to be proof against the acid contained in it.

Wax being the natural product of the bee
why should it not be as uniform as the fat
product of cattle (tallow) V We know that
wax is far from being uniform in any one
thing. But are we sure that it is not the re-
sult of the pollen in the combs or some other
outside cause rather than the variation of the
original wax scales ?

I have had some wax too soft to make thin
foundation at all, and other lots so hard that
it was almost worthless. What caused it ?
Can change of food effect so great a change
in the fatty product ?

You spoke in your editorial of natural
comb being more brittle than drawn founda-
tion, can not this be simply a mechanical
difference ? Ice is frozen water, so is snow ;
if you take a small magnifying glass and
look at natural comb and drawn foundation
you will find about the same difference there
is between snow and ice, the natural comb
representing the snow and the drawn the ice.
This may be accounted for in part by the
fact that natural comb is made up of minute
scales not always perfectly joined while the
foundation is one homogeneous mass, more
solid and therefore tougher.

[Your explanation is as I understand the
matter, and in addition, there is a residue of
something when comb is melted into wax.
—Ed.]

The best foundation I ever used was made
on plaster casts, but I have my doubts about
it being enough better to pay for the extra
cost of making. So let us go slow on this
tendency to accept only pressed foundation,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

even if it is better, is it euough better to pay
for the extra work of makiug 'i

I think the shape of the cell has something
to do in the matter. A cell with the bottom
perfectly shaped and the side walls simply a
round rim of wax is my ideal. The Dunham
comes the nearest to this.

[How about the Given — this is its descrip-
tion to a dot. — Ed.]

But let us consider how bees draw out
foundation. The first thmg done is to thin
the base of the coll to their ideas of proper
thickness, which seems to be so thin that the
outlines of a bee may be seen through it.
How is this done ? By cutting away the wpx
and allowing the chips to drop to the bottom
of the hive, and I think it is done' on both
sides simultaneously but of this matter it is
hard to know, for a bee will work for per-
haps a minute on one side, and then run
away ; whether she goes to the opposite side
to work it is hard to tell. ~ These chips of
wax which are cut off are not necessarily
wasted, for a bee finding one of them on the
bottom board seems as much pleased as a
boy would be if he found a nice mellow ap-
ple, and she seems to be in a hurry to put it
to use by adding it to the comb commenced,
doing it in the same way as a wax scale is
added.

After the bottom of a cell is thinned to
suit these cunning architects they commence
on the side walls and by biting and pulling
seem to pull out the extra wax into sides of
the cells. But whether drawingout founda-
tion or building natural comb there is always
a thick broad rim at the top of the cell, be it
only just started or nearly finished. Why is
it ? What is that broad rim for ?

[I suppose it is to give strength to the
walls.— Ed.]

I suspect if honey were coming in very
rapidly, and comb room needed right away,
much of this thinning and drawing out would
be changed into simply putting on wax scales
and making comb as soon as possible. But
of this I am not sure.

I have proved by experience that the thin-
nest foundation does not leave the least
"fish bone" in the honey. Foundation
made of wax that is reasonably soft and that
will cut about 100 full sheets for pound sec-
tions to the pound is about right.

Now, Mr. Editor, I have given you my ex-
perience for twelve years in making founda-
tion and wax, and working' with bees but find

there are so many things I do not know that I
am almost ashamed to send it in, however,
there may be something worth printing.
Ithaca, Wis. Feb. 17, 1894.

Wax Manipulation and Foundation Making.
—The Effect of Using Heavy Founda-
tion in Sections.

M. H. HUNT.

EESWAX comes to the manufacturer
of comb foundation in various shape
colors and conditions as to cleanli-
ness. The first operation is sorting it for
the different grades ; the lightest colored be-
ing used for the finer grades. All has to be
refined ; the cleanest cakes always contain-
ing some foreign matter. This operation
helps to even up the wax in color, which adds
much to the appearance of the foundation.

To refine it we put it into a wooden tank
with water, and melt it by steam, and when
all is melted, it is covered very closely, and
allowed to settle. .J ust before it is too cool
to dip, it is carefully taken out, down to the
sediment. The wax left with the refuse is
scraped and put in the next lot for refining.
If the tank, is properly arranged, the wax
will stay in the liquid form ten to fourteen
hours, whi:h is sufficient time for all impu-
rities to find their way to the bottom.

The next operation is the remelting in a
large double copper tank ; the steam heating
the water surrounding it is what melts the
wax. A faucet 'ets it run into the dripping
tank, also surrounded by water, and kept at
the right temperature by steam. The faucet
in the copper tank is eight inches from the
bottom, so that if any sediment should re-
main, it has a chance to settle. An exceed-
ingly fine screen is placed over the hole lead-
ing to the faucet in the copper tank, so that
nothi g but the pure wax can find its way
into the dipping tank. Great care has to be
exercised to keep all the hard substances out
of the wax when sheeting, as a little nail or
anything of like nature, would spoil the
rolls.

Then comes the dipping, and taking all in
connection with it, it is the most difficult
and important manipulation in making good
comb foundation. If the wax is too hot or
too cold, the sheets are spoiled, and if the
temperature is right, and the sheets are not

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

then managed as they should be, there will
be trouble in the rolling. Right here is
where the greatest number of failures occur,
and until the manufacturer understands
what the sheets require he cannot expect to
overcome the difficulty. When you break
open a cake of wax, you will usually find the
center of it has a mealy appearance, and is
very easy to crumble ; that is, it is brittle
like the banana spoken of by the editor in
his leader. This crumbling, brittle tenden-
cy, brought about by the conditions of cool-
ing, is what has to be avoided in making
your sheets ; to do this is what I term tem-
pering the wax. This tempering of the wax,
has no effect on it, jo far as making it either
hard or soft, for the sheets will be hard or
soft according to the condition of the wax in
the first place. When the sheets are ready
for the rolls, they are put in a shallow vat of
water, attached to the rolling table. The
water has a thermometer in it, so as to help
the operators keep it at the right tempera-
ture, a very necessary piecaution.

Passing the sheets through the rolls, is a
simple process, still it requires some experi-
ence to do it and keep the rolls so adjusted
as to do the best work.

When making foundation by either rolling
or pressing, the sheets should be kept as
warm as is possible t work them, so that
the wax will find its way into the side walls,
or be crowded back, as with the rolls, with
less pressure. Mills making the bottom of
the cells most natural, find the least resis-
tance, as the points of the rolls enter the wax
first and gradually crowd it back, while the
flat bottom mills present the whole surface
to the wax, and need more pressure to ac-
complish the same result.

Rolling or pressing the wax makes it more
firm by better uniting the little grains, and
perhaps it is well that it does, if it did not
we might not be able to use foundation
twelve or thirteen feet to the pound, in full
sheets in the sections, it would not be strong
enough to hold the weight of the bees, when
warm eno»gh to be worled by them.

The so-called fish bone, under certain con-
ditions, will always be found in comb honey
if foundation with heavy side walls is used.
The only way to avoid it, to a certainty, is by
using f undation so thin that no extra wax
is there to leave, and this is the kind of
foundation I recommend. The wax we give
them and the kind they use to build on with
are of a different nature. If wax is left in

the side walls, and they use it even to the
best advantage, it will not be so tender and
crisp as that they produce themselves, and
will help to make the honey so produced,
tougher, and leave in the mouth, after the
honey is dissolved, a large amount of wax.
The wax of their own production, or rather
the comb, does not stick together in the
mouth, but is mixed more with the honey
and swallowed without noticing it so much.
Bell Bkanoh, Mich. Feb. 25, 1894.

Why Rollers are Preferable to the Press for
Making Foundation.

C. p. DADANT.

IRIEND HUTCHINSON :— In reply to
your request to give our opinion upon
the best foundation, we must say that
we agree in substance with Oliver Foster.
At the time when the Given press was put
before the public, we enquired into its merits,
with the intention of procuring one. At dif-
ferent dates we asked Mr. Given for samples
of the work of his machines, but in every
instance the work produced was so irregular
that we concluded it was best to leave it
alone. And yet the Ijee-keepers were not
wanting who praised his machine above all
others. But what is the result ? Were it
not for the experiment of R. L. Taylor the
Given press would be left in the dark. Is
that experiment conclusive ? I think not,
for if it is evident that an amateur may be
able to make very good foundation on the
Given press, it is none the less evident from
the experience of the past fifteen years that
the Given press is not practical, in the hands
of the average bee-keeper. Nor is it at all
proven to me that even the amateur can
make, with the greatest care, as good an
average on the press as on the rolls.

We Americans were not alone in trying
the press. It was on a press that the first
European foundation was made. Mehring,
the original inventor, used a press. But in
Europe, as in America, the press has given
way to the mill, for with the latter all per-
fections can be laminated out and it is there-
fore more regularly satisfactory. As to the
greater or less hardness of the wax in the
different cases, I would not give a straw for
the difference. It is all wax and there is
much more to consider in the melting and

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

re-meltJng than in the pressure put upon it.

Although this may be a diversion from
the main subject, allow me to put in a plea
against the cleaning of wax with acids. If
anj'thing will " make grease out of but er "
as relating to wax, the using of sulphuric
acid will be the worst factor. Root saw us
using it for our worst residues and from that
recommended it for all purposes in render-
ing wax. It is emphatically a mistake.
There is no need of this, for just as good wax
may be rendered without its use and sulphu-
ric acid removes all good flavor and all es-
sential oils, rendering wax more brittle,
tougher (?) and less acceptable to the bees.

In conclusion, I will say : Jus' as soon as
your inventors give us a machine that will
make foundation more regularly satisfac-
fory than the mills, we will agree to give you
foundation made on that machine, but in
;iew of the fact that for the past ten or
iweive years a good article of rolled founda-
lion has given entire satisfaction both to
l.oney grower and consumer, while the press
■vas set aside, we shall await further and
more extensive expeuraent before changing
. ur mind on the subject.

Hamilton, 111. Feb. 17, 1894.

Some Facts Begarding Flat Bottom Foun-
dation.

JUSTUS VAN DEUSEN.

IRIEND HUTCHINSON :— In Decem-
ber Review, page 354, you can't see
why the Give press is not used for
surplus foundation. You might ask P. H.
Elwo:)d. He has a Given pres-i but uses the
flat bottom foundation for surplus and says
it is all right. If I were to guess I would as
soon think of clothing this generation with
the product of the old spinning wheel and
hand loom as to use the press for surplus
foundation for the bee-keepers of the world.
We commenced making foundation late in
the season of 1879. Our first season was
largely experimental. In 1880, one of our
first orders was for three tons from a prom-
inent maker of foundatio a d editor of a
bae journal, he furnishing the wax. Since
then o iT orders have often run up to six or
seven hundred pounds a day and hav been
promptly filled. Time was when the canal
boat and stage coach, making three to eight
miles an hour, satisfied the traveling public.

They now want forty to sixty or even a hun-
dred miles an hour. There is the same dif-
ference in speed between the press and rolls.
To be sure and have surplus comb honey free
from fish bone, use no surplus foundation
heavier than twelve square feet to the pound.
When nectar comes in slow, bees may thin
foundation in a measure, but with a flush of
honey they are very apt to extend the cells
without thinning the foundation. The only
safety is in using fouud^^ti n twelve square
feet to the pound if you would be free from
the objectionable heavy centre which leads
to the impression that comb honey is adul-
terated. The use of foundation seven to ten
square feet to the pound for surplus honey,
has injured the reputation of comb honey
about as much as the use of glucose has in-
jured the repute of extracted honey. As a
matter of economy seven pounds of founda-
tion, twelve square feet to the pound, will
fill as many sections as ten pounds of foun-
dation seven to ten feet to the pound, both
being fifty cents a pound, a saving of one
dollar and fifty cents is made on every ten
pounds of foundation used. The flat bottom
foundation from its thin, clean, uniform
make, has given more general satisfaction
in use than any other foundation. The
shape of the cell wall from the flat bottom
machine is decidedly superior to the cell wall
from any other machine, and wliether honey
comes in fast or slow the center is not ob-
jectionable to the general consumer. Foun-
dation made from the same sheeting will be
just as hard made by the press as by rolls.
Sheeting from our domestic yellow wax will
be a little softer than if made from a light
selected southern wax. The consumer pre-
fers the latter color and we have paid from
one to three cents a pound extra for such
selection. As bright, practical men have
failed to supply the market with surplus
foundation from the Given press, it might be
well to get friend Hasty at it (.January num-
ber, page 21) — to enable him to judge where
the bee comes in. The measurements re-
ferred to start with natural om"^, which is
not a foundation. Then com ■ three sam-
ples from the Given press, which ire not to
be had in the market. Then comes the flat
bottom foundation which stands A No. 1 of
the available foundations on order. Am
very glad to have friend Taylor test the dif-
ferent makes of foundation, both for the
surplus and brood ; but woul 1 like to have
him get the flat bottom foundation from us

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

as he got the other samples direct from the
makers. The sample of flat foundation
tested, if made by us, was not less than a
year old and may have been much older, ex-
posed to the air and dust of the oifice or work
shop. I don't wish to forestall opinion on
our patent wired foundation for brood
frames, but will assure you that it is self sus-
taining and cannot have a cell stretched in
making or in use, as tested up to seventeen
inches square for extracting. All other
foundation for brood made with rolls is
liable to be stretched both in making and in
use to such an extent as to unfit it for worker
brood and when put on wired frames does
not remedy the defect.

Spkout Bkook, N. Y. Jan. 29, 1894.

High Side Walls Can be Made on a Press
But it May Not be Advisable.— One Rea-
son Why Given Foundation Went
Out of the Market

E. T. FLANAGAN.

( DIT( )R Review, Dear Sir, In reading
friend Foster's article in the February
^ Review, I found several errors to
which I wish to call attention. He certainly
never made foundation on the Given press
or he would not have said that '' To impress
a whole sheet of wax at one stroke, and ef-
fect as near an approach to natural comb as
was possible with rollers, would require a
pressure too great to be practicable." The
highest side walls I ever saw on foundation
were made on a die that was manufactured
under my special instructions, and for the
very purpose of having higher side walls
than could be made on any roller machine.
This die I used for years : unfortunately it
was stolen from me a few years ago, a loss
I have not yet been able to repair, as I do
not know now where any Given dies are
made.

And when he says it ts "impossible to
make the septum as thin, and at the same
time force the displaced wax into the side
walls, as narrow, and as high, by means of
plates, as can be done with rollers," I know
he is again in error, for I owned one of the
very first and one of the very last presses
made by Mr. Given and his successor. To
show I am not alone in what I have stated
(and I can bring scores of others to corobor-

ate the foregoing) and in proof of what I
here state ; I will say that I bought and used
one of friend Foster's moulds for making
foundation, and that I disposed of it to Mr.
Wm. Little, of Marissa, Hi. As the moulds
broke, or wore out, he, from time to time,
procured of me sheets of Given foundation
to make new moulds from ; this he did for
years. I can vouch for Mr. Little as being
a well posted, first-class apiarist, a close ob-
server and a conservative, careful, reliable
man. Hear what he says :

" Makissa, 111., Feb. W, 1S94.
E. T. Flanagan, Esys., UelleviUe, 111. :

Deak Fkiend : — itours of l^th inst., at
hand. You are right in regard to my pur-
chase from you of a Foster foundation mould
10 years ago, which I am still using, and
upon the good points of which I could write
a book. 1 have tried sheets of foundation
made on ilie various machines and have been
using the Given foundation in making my
plaster of Paris moulds tor the very reason
that 1 found it having tlie hiyhesl ■wail^ of
all the various kinds of foundation. The
last mould that I made I have used three
seasons, making many thousands of sheets
with it and still the mould is in good order
and 1 will use it next year. 1 liave also ex-
perimented with the Given foundation and
other makes in the hives when conditions
were favorable and uniform, and I have
found invariably tliat tlie bees would work
out the Given foundation first. I consider
it the best foundation made as far as my ex-
perience goes. Wm. Little."

Another error, in my opinion, is that the
Given press and dies was invented to wire
frames of foundation. This may have been
one of the objects in view, but from the tenor
of the correspondence held with Mr. Given
when bringing out his invention, this was
not the primary point.

And when he says " the whole surface of
the sheet of wax must be released from the
die simultaneously," it is proof positive to
me that he knows but little of the Given
press or how to work it and if in error on
several imporant points : why not in all ?

[I presume that Mr. Foster was speaking
in a comparative way, meaning that a much
larger surface must be released at once on
the press than with the roller process. I do
not think that he really meant that the whole
surface must be released simultaneously. —
Ed. J

I have used in the sections starters of Giv-
en foundation as thick as what is termed
''medium brood" foundation, side by side
with extra thin foundation made on the
roller machines, and could see no difference
whatever in the finished product, no " fish

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

bone " in either. If more wax is desirable
in foundation designed for use in the sec-
tions, the Given has decided advantages over
that made on the roller machines, as it is
certain the side walls are softer and contain
more wax, with an exceedingly thin septum ;
and dies can be made with high side walls as
is desired ; but is it an advantage ? I am in
doubt. Why ? The foundation will certain-
ly weigh more to the square foot and will not
go so far, thus making it more expensive.
This is a decided objection, as in my experi-
enc3 the average bee-keeper wants his foun-
dation as thin as possible so as to reduce its
cost, as, of course, the thinner it is the more
sections a pound will fill. The ' fish bone "
with him counting for little or nothing.

One of the greatest advantages of the Giv-
en press is the ease and facility with which
foundation can be made. It requires but
ordinary common sense and a little experi-
ence, to make a fair article^ as, once the wax
is sheeted, a boy can press it.

This same facility, strange as it may seem,
was one of the reasons why Given founda-
tion was forced out of the market. How so ?
Every one that had a press made foundation,
and as few had the facilities or took the
trouble, to clarify the wax, a large amount
was made of dark, dirty, impure wax, and
such foundation could not for a moment
compete with that made by large concerns
from purified wax ; and, having no market
for the dirty stuff, the manufacture ceased :
and the manufacture of foundation to-day
is in t e hands of the comparatively few,
who, knowing how, and having the facilities,
took the pains to make an attractive article.
And this is as it should be, for any one with
less than one hundred colonies should not
bother with making his own foundation.
Beyond that number, a Given press and dies
are a safe, profitable investment.

Wax that has been adulterated, or that has
been boiled too long, or that has been burnt,
or scorched in rendering it from the combs,
is unfit for making foundation. So, too, in
nay judgment, is that which has been ren-
dered or clarified with muriatic acid. It
certainly hardens the wax. There is no
great secret in clarifying even the darkest
wax. It only requires that the melted wax
be kept in liquid form at a low temperature
as long as possible, before hardening. If
any dark matter remains, re-melt and pro-
ceed as before, as often as required.

Belleville, Ills. Feb. 20, 1894.

Those "Apiary Reports."— Why the Given

Press Makes Softer Foundation than

that Made on Bolls.

DB. A. B. MASON.

J H A V E been very
interested in
Hon. R. L. Tay-
lor's experiments
at the Michigan ex
perimental apiary,
but in none more
so than in those re-
lating to founda-
tion, and I'm glad
that we can get
these reports of
his experiments
soon after they are made, and without hav-
ing to wait for them to be made to the State
and then get them when about a year old,
less or more, and if he can get anything out
of yo I for them I'm glad of it ; he gets paid
for his extra work and we bee-keepers get
the benefit of it. If some of the bee journals
don't think you and Bro. Taylor are doing
just the right thing they seem to be perfectly
willing to receive " stolen good "* and not
pay a cent for it, and I hope we shall be per-
mitted to know right long just what Bro.
Taylor is doing, and not be obliged to wait
for the results till the State publishes them.
I was not at all surprised at the result as
shown by Mr. Taylor submitting different
makes of foundation to juries composed of
bees. They hadn't real the papers, so went
to work without having their judgments
warped all out of shape by what they had
heard.

I have used a Given press about 12 years,
having made nearly all my own foundation,
and many times more for my neighbors, and
all who used it were well pleased with it. I
have used foundation that was made on dif-
ferent mills, but prefer that made on the
Given press to any of the other makes I've
used. I prefer it because the bees seemed
to work on it more readily and rapidly than
on that made on mills. I say seemed, because
I never conducted any experiments to test
the matter of which was really the most
profitable to use.

I have read with much interest your leader
on "how to make the best foundation,"
also Mr. Oliver Foster's article on " the

* Don't put an s on the end of " good " for I
mean " stolen good " and not GOODS.

•70

TBE BEE-KEKPERS' REVIEW.

essential qualities of foundation, and how to
secure them." Your statement "that foun-
dation that is the most readily accepted by
the bees, and the quickest made into comb,
yet containing the least unavilable amount
of wax, would seem to be the most desira-
ble," states the matter very concisely. Mr.
Taylor's experiments are of value in several
ways, one of which will doubtless be to in-
duce the makers of foundation to pay more
attention to the points in t'e making of
foundation that will make it conform to the
thr'-e requisites in your statement above
quoted.

It is evident to any one who has manufac-
tured foundation on the Given press, and
also on roller mills, that it requires more
care in dipping, or sheeting the wax for the
press than it does for the mills ; that is, if
the best is to be done on the press that the
press will do, but I think it is possible to so
make the rollers, and dip or sheet the wax
that is to be made into foundation on them,
as to produce the same results as or may be
produced on the press.

You say " in the roller mills having deep
interstices between the cell-dies I do not
understand why or how the side walls receive
pressure, bu'^ perhaps they do." In making
foundation on rollers the sheet of founda-
tion is made !onger than the wax sheet just
in proportion as the wax sheet is thicker than
is r quired to fill the space in the rollers in
which the septum and side walls are made.
If the rollers were so made that there was a
surplus of room for wax in the interstices
between the cell walls, and the wax sheets
were made of such thickness that the septum
would be of the right thickness and the sur-
plus go in the side walls and still not fill the
interstices, would not the sheet of founda-
tion be of the same length and width as was
the wax sheet, and would not the side walls
be in the same condition as those made on
the press ? Is not the pressure which is made
by the rollers on the side walls produced in
part by the pressure that comes from the
"squeezing" of the wax sheet that makes
the sheet of foundation longer than the wax
sheet, and the thicker the wax sheet the
greater the pressure on the side walls, if the
septum in each instance is of the same thick-
ness?

In making foundation on the press the wax
sheets must be so made that there will be no
more wax than is needed to make the sep-
tum and side walls. Should there be more

it will result in either thicker septum or
harder side walls. Perhaps it is possible
that the septum made on the press is as hard
as is that made on the rollers, but it is dif-
ferently made, so that with the same degree
of hardness the septum made on the rollers
might be more brittle than that made on the
press.

I am not sure that pressure hardens wax,
but I have always believed that it did, and
have always thought that the reason the bees
seemed to work on Given foundation more
readily and draw it out more rapidly than
that made on the rolls was because it was
softer, and that it was softer because made
with less pressure. And I believe that foun-
dation can be made on the press that will
approach as near to natural comb as that
made on rolls, and be done with no greater
pressure, but the wax sheet must be of the
right thickness ; and with the wax sheet of
the proper thickness there need be no sur-
plus or unavailable wax, but it requires more
care in making the wax sheets.

I have just been testing some samples of
foundation, some of which were made on
my Given press and some on a roller mill,
and I find that that made on the press seems
to be less tough than that made on mills.
The pressure produced by the rolls may have
so condensed the wax tissue, so to speak, that
it may have room to stretch out more with-
out breaking than will the Given founda-
tion where the wax tissue has not been so
pressed together, and so readily comes apart.

AuBUKNDALE, Ohio. Feb. 23, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is desired Ui have tlie Review
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribini^, otherwise it
will be continued.

FLINT, MICHIGAN. MAR. 10. 1894.

Majorities are not always right.

— y —
Rest satisfied with doing well and let
others talk as they will.

One good way to get along with some folks
in this world is not to know they are in it.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

If in an argument you talk louder than
your oponent, it means that he has the best
of it.

Have you reached that stage where you
can believe that those who differ from you
are honest in their belief ?

The Bee-Keepers' Union re-elected all of
its old officers. This means that T. G. New-
man is Manager and R. L. Taylor President.

H. P. Langdon is mourning the loss of
his dear wife ; his greatest comforter being
a little tvvo-months-old girl.

Editobially, I will say nothing this month
about foundation as there are several arti-
cles yet on hand, pnd after this issue is read
there may be others who will wish to write
on the subject,

PuLVEBizED SuGAK for making candy for
use in queen cages ought to be selected with
care, so says the Progressive. One kind is
mixed with starch or flour and is not suita-
ble. It will become very hard. The other
grade is pure sugar. It may have some
lumps in it but the greater part of it will re-
main fine.

Mb. W. J. Ellison, the well known queen
breeder of Catchall, S. C, has passed beyond
this vale of tears. He had suffered a long
time from throat and lung troubles, I be-
lieve, and on the 9th of February he passed
peacefully away. He leaves a widow and
four children, all boys, to mourn his loss.
My business relations with the deceased were
extensive, long continued and very pleasant,
and I feel as though I had lost an old friend.
0

Gleanings has been having a most
thorough discussion of the necessity for bees
in the fertilization of blossoms. While they
may not always be a necessity it is very evi-
dent that their presence greatly increases the
yield in many instances. All of the papers
have been gathered together and published
in pamphlet form which can be furnished
at a very low price. They are intended for
distribution where there is "friction" be-
tween fruit and bee men.

THE WOODOOOK FOUNDATION FASTENEB.

Mr. Marcus Woodcock of this place has
invented a new foundation fastener. It
works upon the hot-iron-melted-wax-plan,
its distinctive feature being that the section
is left in an upright position, or rather the
foundation is supported while the section is
being turned into an upright position. The
accompanying cut makes a description al-

WOODOOOK FOUNDATION FASTENEB.

most fmnecessary. The machine is fastened
to the floor, the upper part being placed
against a table. A metal plate is attached
to a cross-piece, the plate being heated by a
lamp placed upon an adjustable shelf. The
part of the machine bearing the block over
which the section is slipped is hinged at the
top, and as soon as the sheet of foundation
is dropped upon the hot plate that projects
through the section just above the top bar,
this hinged part is swung outwardly and
upwardly. As the section is swung out the
heated plate is withdrawn allowing the
melted edge of the foundation to drop down
upon the center of the top bar. As the f oun-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

dation is supported while the section is turn-
ing this summer sault, it never lops over and
breaks out as is sometimes the case with
other fasteners in which there is no support
for the foundation while the section is being
brought to an upright position.

Mr. R. L. Taylor has used the machine to
put foundation in about 2,000 sections and
he pronounces it a "Double Daisy." He
says it does the work easily and perfectly and
with comfort to the operator.

Price of the machine, $1.00.
— y —

PBOTEOTION FOB BEES IN SPBING.

Most of my readers know that I favor
taking the bees from the cellar quite early,
certainly as soon as the last of this month in

shingles. First there is a frame or ring
made from cheap lumber sawed up to the
right lengths and then split up into pieces
two inches wide. These frames are about
four inches larger each way than the outside
of a hive. To the inside of a ring or frame
are nailed the shingles in an upright posi-
tion, the frame coming about the middle of
the lengthwise way of the shingles. A few
of the shingles at one end are cut three or
four inches short, their lower ends resting
upon a ''bridge" placed upon that part of
the bottom board that projects in front of
the hive. When this rim of shingles is
placed over or around a hive there is a space
of nearly two inches between it and the hive.
This space is filled with planer shavings.

THE ' BEVIEW " APIABT IN THE SPBING.

ordinary seasons, and then protecting them
for nearly two months. The advantages
have been given several times in the Review,
hence I will not use space in their repe-
tition, but instead I will describe a method
of packing that I adopted last spring with
pleasure and profit.

One objection to spring packing is that of
the cost of the boxes or something to hold
the packing material in position. Those that
I used a year ago are certainly not open to
that objection. They are made of culled

The hive is now all protected except the
top, and that is really the most important
point. To protect this I first removed the
cover and spread over the top a piece of oil
cloth. I the 2 put on a super filled with
planer shavings, the shavings being kept in
place by a sheet of heavy paper tacked to its
lower side. In some instances I tacked a
honey board to the bottom of the super, laid
apiece of "Review" paper on top of the
honey board, and then put the shavings on
top of that, and this arrangement worked

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

all right, the bees not gnawing the paper to
amount to anything, but when I set a super
right down on the frames with no honey
board between, and no oil cloth, the bees cut
great holes in the stoutest kind of manilla
paper in three days time, and let the shav-
ings all down amongst them. I had a regu-
lar circus getting off those supers, and how
I should have laughed at any other man who
would have cut up such a caper. Over the
super is placed the hive cover with a stone
on top to keep the wind from blowing oft the
cover.

To keep the rain out of the packin", and
the wind from blowing it away, narrow shin-

a more perfect protection over the top of
the hive than can be secured by the other ar-
rangement which is ample for spring.

I also present another view of the same
portion of the yard taken later in the season,
showing some of the hives with supers tiered
up and shade boards in place. The hive in
the fore ground with the cover tipped back
and some smokers sitting inside it, is a chaff
hive that some good friend sent me years
ago, and I now uss it as a little house for
keeping my smokers, smoker-fuel, matches,
and spring bottom oil can filled with kero-
sene oil. Don't keep these things in build-
ings ; it is too dangerous.

Al'iAKY IN SUMMBK.

gles were placed in a slightly slanting position
against the sides of the super, their lower
edges resting on the tops of the shingles to
/ which they were tacked with wire nails.

I give an illustration showing a part of my
apiary after some of the hives had been un-
packed the latter part of May. It will be
noticed that one hive in the fore ground is a
trifle higher than the others and has a differ-
ent roof. I had this arranged in this man-
ner to show how I would use these shingle
packing boxes were I to pack the bees out of
doors in the fall and leave them on their
summer stands all winter. Two of the boxes
are telescoped together nearly half way and
a shade board is used for a roof. This allows

Do Bees Add Any'iWax in /Drawing Out
Foundation'?

In this special number devoted to founda-
tion is a proper place to quote the following
from Gleanings for February 1st. It is
written by Mr. M. W. Shepard, of Rochester,
Ohio. He says : —

" The article in the December ir)th issue of
Olea7iings, from R. L. Taylor, leads us to ask
whether bees ever thin the septum of comb
foundation at all ; if so, under what condi-
tions ? Do they ever pull the side walls of

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

the foundation to make cells ? If so, under
what conditions ? We hear much about the
different grades of foundation, such as light
brood, heavy brood, etc. Now. is it any dif-
ference to the bees which they have ? If so,
what is it ?

We have had a little experience in the mat-
ter, and it does not coincide with the gen-
erally accepted theories. Has any one ever
weighed a sheet of foundation before giving
it to the bees, and then after it had been
drawn out into a perfect comb ? We venture
the assertion that, nine times out of ten, it
will be found that the bees have furnished
every particle of wax to make the cells of
the comb, regardless of the amount of wax
in the foundation. Sometimes bees make
the base of natural comb much heavier than
much of the artificial foundation. Why is
it, if not because of an overabundance of
wax secreted ?

During the past season we found swarms
of bees whose abdomens were literally cov-
ered with wax scales. Now, when put on
full sheets of foundation what did they do
with that wax^throw it away, or use it to
build cells on top of the foundation ? We
don't believe it was thrown away by the bees ;
in fact, we can prove it was not.

We have often heard how much it cost to
let the bees build t' eir own comb. With due
respect for experimentalists, we ask how you
know that, under normal conditions, wax is
not a spontaneous production, and costs the
bees nothing to produce ? It seems that an
all-wise Providence would make no blunder
in the matter."

The editorial reply in Gleanings reads as
follows , —

" [Years ago, as some of our older readers
will remember, we weighed pieces of surplus
foundation before and after it was drawn
out by the bees. We can not just now place
our fingers on the page and volume where
these experiments are recorded ; but if
memory serves us correctly, the scales
showed that the drawn out comb weighed
but a small trifle more than the foundation
from which it was originally drawn, proving,
in this case, that very little wax was added
to the foundation. Combs two-thirds drawn
out weighed just as much as the foundation.
Other experiments showed that bees put
more extra wax on sometimes than others.
Particularly was this true when we used
bleached foundation, as was done years ago.
This is easily explained on the ground that,
the bleached wax was much harder than the
yellow, and the bees rather than draw it out,
added to it. With ordinary soft yellow wax,
such as now sold, the results were as we first
stated.

These experiments can be easily repeated.
Weigh a strip of foundation before putting
it into the section ; weigh it after it has been
drawn out into comb. Likewise weigh a sheet
of brood foundation before and after it has
been drawn out. In fact, we wish many of
our readers would try this experiment, and
report. Dififerent localities, and the charac-
ter of the honey flow, whether light or heavy,
will have an important bearing on the ques-
tion."]

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY,

jEARFULLY dull all the journals have
been this long time. Cause, La-grippe.
Not that the aforesaid tyrant has got
hold of all the writers and made them write
dullness, but that he has had hold of me
until I could see nothing but dullness. Say !
I've got an idea. Bee fever has been sup-
posed to be an incurable disease that must
be allowed to run its course. Mistake ; just
vaccinate the patient with la-grippe and it
will cure him I'll warrant.

And now while I'm nicely spiteful and
cross I'm going to throw mud and adjectives
and things at comrade Reepen who runs the
German department of A. B. J. See page
205. He villainously said that Doolittle pub-
lished guess work about the larval food of
bees and queens. Guess work is it, me bye ?
An how much bether than guess work, sure,
is yer own scientific nonsense in thim figgers
about fat and sugar and albumen ? Arrah !
let's be sinsible now for a minute.

There are many kinds of sugars, and these
figures do not specify which and how much
of each, in queen food and drone food re-
spectively. There are several kinds of fats,
and the same remark applies to them. There
are various sorts of albuminous matters
also, I believe. Two different foods are im-
aginable, each with 40 per cent, of albumin-
ous matter and 1.5 of fats and 20 of sugars,
which shall nevertheless be very different in
quality and characteristics. Those crude
analysis percentages, if we swallow them
whole, and trust to them only, seem to teach
that the larval foods of queen, drone and
worker are pretty much the same thing — and
that is presumably a falsehood. Better kick
the science overboard, and trust only to taste,
smell, sight, and observed effects, than to go
it blind on a rudimentary analysis, and scout
everything else as guess work. We want to
know what it is in the larval queen food that
makes the little larva take on such a totally
different development from what it would
take if fed on larval worker food. Honestly
now, friend Reepen, do these moderately
varying percentages offer a clear solution of
that mystery ? Is it not more probable that
some sly ingredient, present in very small
percentage, and not yet caught by the
analyst, is the real transformer ? Let us

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

take Von Planta's analysis with thankfulness
and respect — take it as one of the things
which we need to know. But we shall be
very great fools if we take it as a finalty,
beyond which no one must inquire, and
which must be allowed to brush off the
track all work not done with lenses or chem-
ical re-agents. Perhaps I had better paddle
back far enough to admit that Von Planta's
analysis does seem to decide one matter of
importance, namely, that royal jelly is not
identical with the first food given to the
worker larv;e. This is counter to a very gen-
eral impression among wise heads. The dif-
ference is mainly in the fatty ingredients, in
which the royal jelly exceeds the worker food
by more than one-half. And that the Alad-
din-like transformer we are in search of may
be a fatty acid, is among the imaginable
things.

The apiculturist.

The Apiculturist is especially interesting
of late on account of its attempt to evolve a
new sort of journal and editing — a style in
which the editor is always "at bat" — not
indeed furnishing all the matter, but using
the matter other than his own rather as a
set of texts to preach from. Early volumes
of Gleanings made a success of the everlast-
ing foot-note, but Alley is varying the pro-
ceedings by putting the notes into still more
prominence and abolishing the articles, as
it were. Of late his turn of thought is to
pour considerable contempt upon nearly all
the current topics of apiculture .as worn out
and exhausted — crying very loudly for some-
thing different, but not indicating very
clearly where it is going to come from. When
we are out on the lake canoeing we don't
want to sink the old canoe till we have the
new one ready to step into. And if that
bomb which he calls for is actually to be
dropped into camp we all want to remove
our own little traps and i)ersonalities first.

On the question of the silence or low mur-
mur of bees in the winter cellar Mr. Alley is
a murmurer. See page 7.

Perhaps the most important thing in re-
cent pages is the account of the origin of
the golden Carniolans. It rather puts mat-
ters before us in such a way that each man
can form for himself his own opinion wheth-
er they are strictly Carniolans or a cross be-
tween Carniolan and Italian. Presuma'^ly
most brethren will take tlie former ground
who accept Mr. Alley's dictum as given be-
low—

"Half a mile is suiEcient to isolate two races
of bees in order to maiutain pure fertilization.
That is our claim " Page 5.

" There was but one colony of Italian bees
where drones were allowed to fly, and they a mile
and a half away." Page 6.

Now I presume that most of the fraternity
will agree that queens do not usually mate
with a drone that lodged the 2)revious night
as far away as a mile and a half ; yet for all
that some of us are pretty stubbed in the be-
lief that nothing less than twenty miles is
secure distance, unless a body of water or an
utterly barren desert intervenes to prevent
the daily visiting and roving of drones from
hive to hive. That raising a multitude of
drones of one strain, and trying to repress
another strain, seems to result in a mating
of queens just the opposite of that desired, I
can testify from experience. Yet opinion is
opinion ; and we must let our brother have
his opinion — and here it is —

" We do stoutly deny that there is any mixture
of Italian blood in our golden Carniolan bees,
except what came direcit from Carniola."

The fact that there were 3,000 Carniolan
drones in the yard, and no Italians to his
knoivledge ; and the further fact that every
queeti fertilized in the yard varied from the
original type and showed some yellow in the
worker progeny, convinced Mr. Alley that
the putting on of golden stripes was a natur-
al development, and not the effect of cross-
inir. But probably some of the brethren will
take the liberty to think that the matter in
evidence is not convincing — except to con-
vince one of the opposite belief.

The General round Up

That molded foundation should crumble
when cold much more than rolled foundation
is just what we ought to expect. Wax cools
in rudimentary crystals, and rolling spreads
them out into plates — precisely the same
thing which takes place when iron is put
through the rolling mill. But as bees evi-
dently object to having their wax a-la-sheet-
iron we naust keep our foundation out of the
frost, or some way. See Oliver Foster, Re-
view, 43.

High scientific authority has tried to sug-
gest a doubt whether foul brood is ever com-
municated by honey. Against this skepti-
cism practical men have all along stood firm
as a wall. Yet experimenter Taylor does
well to give us such knock-down evidence as
he does in Review, 34. One per cent, of
contaminated honey in their feed caused the
disease to break out in 29 colonies out of 30,

THE BEEXEEPERS' REVIEW.

See also A. B. J., 77, where Dr. Howard,
of Fort Worth, Texas, clinches the matter by
finding with his microscope live bacilli in
foul broody honey, and proceeding to raise
colonies of bacilli from them.

Also the facts concerning the cure of foul
brood given by friend Taylor on page 38
seem to be remarkable, and quite impor-
tant in their character ; and every one so un-
fortunate as to have that sort of medical
practice on hand ought to remember them —
unless perchance some one can isprove the
alleged facts. Put bees in an uninfected
hive, on good foundation (only that and
nothing more) and let them alone, and they
will come out right every time. But if you
feed them and fuss with them they will
usually have to have n new set of frames and
foundation, the first showing more or less
diseased cells. How important little things
are when a body has a big and difficult con-
tract on hand.

C. B. Replogle, on page 9 of Gleanings,
gives us a case where a queen lived ?ix years
lacking about a month. I knew in my bones
that Virgil's seven years for a queen's life
would get support sooner or later. Fertili-
zation late in the fall, and no eggs laid till
next spring, is claimed as the cause of this
extra longevity. The claim is not devoid of
plausibility, and is important if true.

I was much interested in the article on
apiculture in Chili {Gleanings, page 15.) All
pure Italians, because only such were car-
ried there, and no bee-moths or foul brood.
These advantages together with a California-
like honey flow, ought to make the Chilian
bee man happy.

On page 16 of Gleanings we have from the
German valuable precise observations of the
flights of queens. American recorded obser-
vations seem to be strangely scarce and
desultory. The gist of this series of obser-
vations is that queens usually fly many times
(one of these ten times) with seldom success
till the third trip or later. Time of absence
ranged from 10 to 35 minutes. One queen
flew when 22 days old, and one at two days
olJ. Fertilization on two different trips is
claimed for one of them. Different sets of
observations are likely to vary widely in
some of these items I take it — especially in
response to the relative abundance and virile
condition of drones.

And the Smith named Jake contributes the fact
That although nice honey by frost is cracked

It will stand all the zeros you please intact,
If througli summer it'sui^ in the garret packed.
(Kur-ract.J

The Canadian on page 147 gives a new
way of disinfecting hives. Brush the inte-
rior with kerosene and btirn it over. This
method may prove quite valuable in those
cases where boiling is not available. Evi-
dently careless hands could bungle it, and
cause a new colony to be infected. The idea
is credited to M, M. Baldridge.

In convention assembled the Canadians
note that if drone comb is put above an ex-
cluder the bees will hold it empty for brood.
But this can be cured by allowing a reason-
able amount of drone comb below. And
dark store comb they say darkens the honey
somewhat — in fact any one can fee that it
darkens clear water. Canadian, page 153.

In the following friend Holterman bears
on heavy ; but I guess it's all right, and no
more than is deserved.

" To talk about ripening honey after taking it
from the hive is unpractical, visionary ; and to
take honey unripe, and advocate such a practice,
only leads to having it placed upon the market
unripe and stopping its consumption." Cana-
dian, 154.

" Never kick a hive of bees when you are down ;
wait until you are up and can run away." The
Stinger, A. B. J., 57.

J. H. Andre, of Lockwood, N. Y., (A. B.
J., .59) got a bee out of his ear by turning the
smoker on full blast. Good general.

Jennie Atchley replies to those individuals
who never saw a queen that was worth any-
thing after a trip through the mails, that one
of her very best came by mail from Italy,
and served three years thereafter. A. B.
J., 44.

And here's a new dei^arture in wintering.
Two Iowa folks, Mr. Merritt and Frank Cov-
erdale, report five colonies between them
nicely wintered screened in up stairs near
hot stove pipes. Let's try 'em in the oven.

A. B. J. 89.

" Last year perfectly preserved honey from the
fifteenth century was founcl in the buried cellar
of a city liall in Dresden." A. B. J., 81.

Pretty good proof that honey can be kept ;
but still only a few of us will put down our
unsold crop for the tolks of the twenty-third
century.

"The best wintered lot of bees in these parts
was in 43 hives, each of which had an inch auger
hole in the end, half way between the entrance
and the upper edge." Cornoil in A. B. J ., 150.

This was a way of fixing things largely
in vogue years ago, but is on the decline of
late apparently. But perhaps the bees have
suffered for lack of these same holes not-
withstanding. Most of us never " catch on"

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

that the so-called fly-hole is really a winter-
ing device — to let moisture out that would
otherwise condense inside.

The cold weather found Mrs. Atchley's new
Eden, and went for her with ice an inch
thick — and pinched the tropical trees there-
about. And thus we sometimes "change the
skies over us, but not the spirit (of shiver-
de-freeze) which is within us." A.B. J. 174.

"Get the best." It seems that the best
medium to carry "pizen" to the gentle
skunk is not a • en's egg but a hunk of drone
brood. He cannot resist its self-evident
toothsomeness, but " tumbles " to it at once.
Credited to Dr. Gallup.

It seems the simple alcohol test for glucose
miscarried because we'uns didn't know what
to expect. The alcohol and honey do not
stay mixed. And (quite important) the alco-
hol may get a little milky when the honey is
perfectly pure. It's the honey at the bottom
that's to be looked at. If that is clear all
right, if milky there is glucose in it. Why
didn't you tell a body before ? We chaps
were like Absalom's guests : " W^e went in
our simplicity, we knew not anything.^'
Gleanings, G3.

The attemp J to prove that there is no such
thing as poisonous honey is going to fail.
Very greatly exaggerated no doubt such re-
ports usually are, but they are not a mere
figment of the brain. J. P. H. Brown, who
is excellent authority, and right on the
ground testifies in Gleanings, page 84, to the
poisonous qualities of jasmine honey. It is
very deadly to newly emerged bees, killing
piles of them ; and people sometimes come
near losing their lives by eating it. Old bees
do not die of it ; and black bees mostly
know too much to gather it.

''I could never make a success of having comb
built ill upper stories."

So says Doolittle in Gleanings, 96. The
sentence rather surprised me — and yet, come
to think of it, I don't know as I have had
much success at it either. My up stairs built
combs mostly get cut up into squares to be
eaten or sold as comb honey, instead of be-
ing extracted and the comb used for next
time. But I am willing to have lots of drone
comb in the supers ; and if half of my extra
combs were drone size I should hardly call it
failure.

There, now, I've gone and used my space
all up, and that big talk about the bees- fer-
tilizing-fruit discussion will have to lie over.

RiOHABDS, Lucas Co., ( )hio, Feb. 23, '94.

GRAY GilliNIOLJlNS

FIVE - BANDED. &OLBEN ITALIANS.

We are the most extensive breeders in America
of those wonderful, gray Oarniolans : the hardi-
est, the best of honey gatlierers and the gentlest
bees in the world ! Considering all points, we
have never found a race of bees ( and we have
tried them all ) that could compare with them.
A. complete description of this wonderful race
of bees will be sent to all who write and ask for
it. Bee-keepiing friends, give the gray Oarnio-
lans a fair trial, and you will be convinced that
what we say of them is true.

Our live - banded, golden Italians are guaran-
teed to be the equal of any in this country, as
regards gentleness, hardiness and working qual-
ities, as we follow the best known methods for
producing first-class, business queens. Our
qiieen rearing apiaries are four miles apart
with lake George between the two races. Prices
of queens of either race are as follows.

May .lune July Aug.

One untested queen, $1.25 $1.00 75 65

" Tested " 2 50 2.00 1.50 1.25

Prices on large orders, imported and best
breeding queens sent upon application. 3-94-tf

GOL0[fl • ITALIAN • QUFENS,

The best of untested, five - banded Italian
queens at 75 ct» in May. Untested queens
from imported stock at the same price. Tested
queens, reared last season from imported stock,
90 cts eacli in April. 3-94-tf

W. A. COMPTOB, Lpville, Teioi.

Muti's ::

EY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Id-Blast Smokers
S<?u&rc 6I&SS Hopcy Jz>.rSf Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.
1-94-tf. PleasB Kfention the Reuieie.

World's Fair Medal

Awarded my Foundation* Send for free
samples. Dealers, write for wholesale prices.
Root's new Polished Sections and other
goods at his prices. Free Illustrated Price
List of every thing needed in the apiary.

1-94-tf

n. H. HUfiT,

Bell Branch, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Big Discount

Times are hard and money "scarcer than
hen's teeth," so if you will send me $6.00 in
Feb., or $6.50 in March, I will send you twelve
of those choice, golden, Italian queens at any
time after July 1st. Six queens at dozen rates
plus 50 cts., or one queen for 75 cts.

SC TT D ^ O r\ Swedona, Ills.
. r. I r\lH^VJ,(M. O. office. Cable.)

U94-9t

Please mention the Review.

Illustrated Catalotjue free upon application-

Please mention the fteuieu).

GOLDEN QUENS \m mi

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAUTY AND GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— March, April and May-
Si. 00 each. 150 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders, $1.50 each. Order early. Send for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,

4-91-6t Box 3. LiSBON.TEX

Please mention the Reuiew.

Ready to Mail^

ITALIAN QUEENS

Carefully reared from the best imported and
home-bred, five - banded mothers, and tested for
all good qualities. Tested queens. $1.00 each.
Untested, 75 cents, each, or $8.(X) per dozen.

Orders filled promptly and safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.

4-94-tf J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

Loreauville, La.

Money order New Iberia.

Please mention the Reuieui,

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $l.y0
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts t the T rae.

Please mention the Reuieui.

— If you are going to —

BUY A BUZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to seU and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

New Heddon Hive

FOR

GANHDil.

ll-93-tf

Having bouglit the ('anadian
patent on the above hive I am
prepared to supply it in any com-
bination to the bee - keepers of
Canada. Circulars of interest to
all mailed free. Write for one.
A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

Please metition the Reuieuj.

Overland
Monthly,

? AN ILLUSTRATED
MAGAZINE.

The Best Thought, the BesL
Literature, the Best Interests of
the Pacific Coast are shown in the

Overland Monthly.

Its beautiful pictures, and able
articles are a continuous World's
Exposition of the West.

One Sample Copy , 1 oc. Single Numbers, 25c.
Yearly Subscription, $3.oo.

All Postmasters arc authorized to take
subscriptions.

Overland Monthly Pub. Co.

San Francisco, Cau

Please mention the Reuieui.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

.vM This cut represents our

L t'ombined Circular and

Scroll Saw, which is the

best machine made for

Bee Keepers' use in tlie

construction of their hives,

sections, boxes, etc.

3-94.1 6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills-

GOLDEN ITALIANS.

If you want bees that are large, beautiful,
very gentle and great honey galherers, try my
Golden Italians. They are pronounced very
fine by W. Z. Hutcliinson and many others.
Satisfaction guaranteed. One untested queen,
80 cts., tliree for S2.00. One warranted queen,
$1 UO, three for $d.50. Tested queent*, $1.50 each.
Selected, tested queens, S'i.OU each. 3.94-tf

C. M. HICKS, Hicksvillp, Wash. Co., Md.

Bees (© :©) Bees.

If you contemplate buying Bees and Queens
the coming seas )n, write for special prices to

8-91-tf FoPt Uennings. Ohio.

KNOCK DOWN :

Yes, I have a large stock of D. T. Hives,
Supers, Frames, Sections, etc., all in the "knock
down," and ready to ship at a moment's notice.

Write at once for large catalogue and price
lifit of everything needed in the apiary.

E. L. KINCAID,

3-94 tf Walker, Vernon Co., Mo.

Sectioo5r
^-^Bee- Hive?,

AND OTHER

Bee-Keepers' Appliances

AT BED ROCK PRICES.

Best of Goods at Lowest prices.

Write for tree, illustraied caral gii' .nul jmiio
list.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

l-yi-tf Watertjwn, Wis.

5,000 QUEEiSS

Tb« 5-BAn<l«<l 6oi<l?n itziii&p Queens

2^r« 5till in tb* fiel<l

Tb^y Ar? tziKers of firjt pr^rrjlunjs.

Tbey Are bz^rtly, geptl? an<i pretty.

Tb«y ^re. excellent borjey gatherers,
«tc.

A\y circular is no'W rea«Iy. Sen<l for it.

J. F. niCH/VEL,

1.9i-9t German, Darke Co. Ohio,

I Have Everythhig

Needed in the Apiary. Latest Improve-
ments. Best Quality. Bottom Prices. My
Strain of GOLDE ITALIAN BEES have
few Equals. Send for Price List.
3-94-tf E. F. QUIGLEY. Unionville. Mo.

Italian Queens

AND NUCLEI.

Five and Three-Handed, bred in separate yards
twelve mile.H apart. Warranted Queens, 75 cents
each ; three for $2.00 ; tested, $1.00 Good's intro-
ducing cage sent extra with each queen. Strong
Nucleus with warranted queen, 2-''rame, for $2.00;
3-frame for S2.50 ; 1 frame for $3 00. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. Special prices on large orders.
J. H. GOOD,
l-94-12t' Nappanee, Ind.

QUEENS

Smokers, Sections,

Comb Foundation
And all Apiarian Supplies
cheap. Send for
K. T. FLANAGAN, Relleville, III.

mention the Review.

1-94 tf.

SECTIONS

$2.50 Per Thousand.

During the mnutii of January I will sell No. 1
Sections at .$ i.fiO per thousand. Hives, Frames,
Shipping ( 'ases, and the Terry Potato Crate are
my specialties. A Ki page Price List free.

1-94-tf

J. t\, KirHiZIE,

Rochester. Oakland Co., Mich.

HATCH CHICKENS BY STEAM

with_the^iu.„r«ved Excelsior Incubator.

r Simple, Perfect. SelJ-Kegu-
j latinif. ThousandB in sue-
cessfiil operation. Gnaran
, teed to liatch a larger per-
I centage of fertile eggs at

less cost than any other

Clroalars free. Il B*^^***'''^''- Lowest priced

Send 6c. for If first-class Batcher made.

' Pla3. Catalogne.g GEO.H. 8TAHL, QuIncy.Hl.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Dr. J. W. CRENSHAW, Versailles, Ky., Offers for Sal?

QDTeiSTeiD QQEEDS

At $1.00 each ; after July Ist., 75 cts Only the yellowest ( " 5-banded " ) variety, and as good queens
as anybody can rear. Bred from only the best mothers possible to obtain. Imported stock mated
to yellow drones, same price. Any of Root's goods at his prices. Send for circular. Book your
orders now and get your queens and supplies when needed. Queens ready in May. 3-94-tf

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. Colwiok, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 1893 ) for $1.25. Untested
queens in April or May at $1.(X) each or $9.00 per
dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be shipped when wanted.
2-91-tf J. N. COLWICK. Norse, Texas.

Please mention the Reuiew.

SPECIAL. FOR

CANADIANS.

Send postal for our Illustrated Catalog of
Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Bees, Queens, Honey and
Household ('onvoniences.
MYERS BROS..

Stratford, Qnt., Canada.

GOLDEN

ITILIAN

QUEENS

Please mention the Reuiew.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OP BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM.

194-12t. RIVER PALLS, WIS.

Pleasi- ' ■'■ •" 'lie Review.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat - Bottoin Fouiatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being tlie cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,
(SOLE MANUFACTURERS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont..Co.,N-Y

FREE : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-12t

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

Queens. ^ Scn^forPnccnjt. i ^

rjUClei, Jso-^cLEAW, JS
ColOpieS f ColurobiA, Tcnn. f ^

3~94-3t Please mention the Reuiew.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. pOt{r*Cl?OOK & CO.,

Jan. Ist, 1894.

Watertown, Wis.

Please mention the Reuiew.

^^^^ Y/ Queens rank with the best in
g^f '\ ' the world. I rear none ex-

■ I ■ cept the best Italians bred for

■ I I business, beauty and all good

■ I I 'U^alities. I strive to excel, and
M M. \ have sliii>p(>cl to every State and

■ I to foreign countries, and if I have
M % " dissatiistied customer, I don't
r > know it. A large number of

queens on hand. Brooders. 4 and
5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 band, $3.00. Untested,
$1.00. Reference, A.I. Root. W. H. LAWS.
2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

Please mention the Reuiew.

• :•■.•«'.•.•.■■;: •:•.■:>■.'•••■.•■,: •':•■:.•.■.••■.■■,: f:'':.'.'-?.-;',: fj'::f.'-f ::','. •:•':'.«.■•••;■,: iVX

If you want to buy a —

fl GOOD BUSINESS S

•fi': Read a "(irand Bargain" page 54 Feb. Aj^.?;

•.•;••:;.:».:■:•;

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

The Best, I

what I
mean to give
iiiv patrons.

DRONES

are from sp1pc*^p(1 iiiotliers;
BREEDERS are from the
best of m,\ own slock and that
of ()thi>r breeders. Personal
attention and assiduous care
are given to the rearing of
queens, no pains being spared
to have tliem of the highest
type for business. Untested
(lueens of the fi^'e banded
strain NOW READY
for deliverj' at $lUU; six for
$4 75 ; one doz.. $8.50. During
May and June, single (lueen, 75 cts ; six for f 4.00;
one doz., $7.50 ; after June, six for $3.50 ; one
doz., $6.50. Tiiree - band tested, $1.25; golden
tested, $1.50 and up. Safe arrival and satisfac-
tion guaranteed. For particulars, write for cir-
cular Make money orders payble here. ll-P3-tf
J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla.

P/l „.SH

ri(io<i l,ie flpv.

THE ODELL

TYPE WRITER.

$20

will buy theODELL TYPE WRITER
and CHECK PERFORATOR, with

7S (Characters, and $15 for tlie SINGLE CASE
ODELL, warranted to do better work than
any machine made.

It combines Simplicity, with Durability. Speed,
Ease of Operation, wears longer without cost of
repairs than any other machine Has no ink
ribbon to bother the operator. It is Neat, Sub-
stantial, nickel plated, perfect and adapted to
all kinds of type writing Like a printing press,
it produces sharp, clean, legible manuscripts.
Two to ten copies can be made at .one writing.
Any intelligent person can become a good opera-
tor in two days. We offer $l,000 to any
operator who can equal the work of the Double
fase Odell.

Reliable Agents and Salesmen wanted. Special
inducements to Dealers.

For Pamphlets giving Indorsements, &c., ad-
dress

ODELL TYPE WRITER CO..

358 Dearborn St., Chicago, ///.

Tie Most Delicioiis Honey in the world

New crop will be harvested about March
25th. I shall probably have 20,000 Bis or
more — one half comb. Correspondence so-
licited from buyers. Samples mailed when
requested. a, p, BROWN,

{The Migratory Specialist of Florida.)

3-94-tf Glenwood, Volusia Co , Fla. i^\^

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOR, 1894-

Before yon purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. AuKU8ta, Georgia.

.-^.^..ot ,..f,ii/i/,i the /iBi//t».

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N. Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

Please mi-ntion the Reuieul

A Superior ^trziin of CoI<Ien It&liz^os

The result of thirteen years' careful breeding and selection. They are gentle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter the sections readily, cap their honey the whitest,
are not inclined to swarm, and are second to none in beauty, : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of young
fineens, warranted purely mated, in April and Mav, $1.25 each ; six for $ti.OO. In
June, $1.00 each ; six for $5.00. From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $4.50.
The price of tested queens, bees by the pound, nuclei and full colonies given upon
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

SECTIOfl5, $2.00 per 1,000. Dovetailed Hives at bottom prices,
particulars, send for descriptive catalogue.

For full
1-94-tf
C. D. DUVAIili, Spenoervllle, Mont. Co., Maryland.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

m IS

i Names of Bee - Keepers. I

TYPE WRITTEN.

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. Tliere are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2. .50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

EE SUPPLIES!

1 Send for free copy of ir,L,XJSTR ATEI)

I CATALOGXIE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. ©. BTewman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

^'/ru^i- invni,ui\ the Reuieui.

X^:^^.

w^'^^^^m^.^^^.^/4

Out on the Prairie,

Away from other varieties of bees, I rear
Italian queens that cannot be excelled
for Beauty, Gentleness, and Business
Qualities ; and I offer them for April
delivery at the following prices : —

One Untested Queen, 80 cents ; three
for $2 25; six for $4.00. Tested, $1.25;
select, tested breeder, yellow to the tip,
$1.50. 3-94-tf

G E. DAWSON, Carlisle, Ark.

Please mention the

\ \^i^#-s^^-^

GOLDEN

ITALIAN

QUEENS.

Reared by the Doolittle method, at 75 cents each
for untested queens. Breeding queens, the very
best. $4 OOeacti. Nuclei, Si n" per frame. Full
colonies of Italians, $6.00 each. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Si-nd for price list. F. A. CROWEI-L..
:{->.M-tc Granger, Fill. Co., Minn.

(Money Order Offic, Cresco, Iowa )

i^ THE "iSPINWALL."

1. The most perfect Hive ever
offered the public.

2. It has Closed - End Frames,
which can be more rapidly handled
than any other frame, without kill-
ing a single bee.

'A. The Top-Bars project over the
Hive ends, allowing easy and rapid
handli g of the Frames. This fea-
ture favors narrow spaces between
tlio bars, and makes the most perfect
non-burr-comb frame extant.

4. They can be manipulated
without working with fingers among
the bees, or having them daubed
with propolis.

5. The hive may be coatr acted or
( xpaa<leJ as desired.

t> The frames are provided with
an improvad and rapid niettiod of
putting in cotnb foundation

7, TliR frames are L. in size, We
als > make a deep frame hive L.
length.

Si'nd for illustrated circu'ar.

iil

Ths Aspinwall Manufacturing Co., Jackson, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

The House Apiary

Is the most profitable place for keeping bees,
bat a special outfit is reauired to secure the best
results. Having special machinery and other
facilities for getting out these outfits I have de-
cided to make a specialty of building and fitting
up house apiaries for others. ( 1 already have
contracts for the building of two in the spring.)
I can furnish hives, honey boards, supers, bee
escapes, swarm catchers, ete. I can also fur-
nish fine Italian bees with which to stock the
houses. Plans for building furnished to those
wishing to build their own houses. Correspon-
dence solicited.

ITALIAN QUEENS.

I have also decided to furnish Italian queens
reared by an experienced breeder in a yard de-
voted to that special branch of the business.
Untested queen, $1.00; tested, $2.00; select
tested, for breeding, $3.00 Safe arrival guaran-
teed, Write for prices by the quantity.

B. TAYLOR, Forestville, Minn.

lladant's Gomii Foundation.

Wholesale and Retail. Even our competitors
acknowledge that our goods are the Standard
of their kind. Liangstroth on the Honey

Bee I Revised. New edition. Bee Veils;
and veil material at wholesale. Bee Supplies,
Sections, Smokers, etc Samples of Founda-
tion and veil stuff with circular free. Instruc-
tions to beginners. Send your address to

GHAS.DADANT& SON, Hamilton, Ills.

4-93-l2t Please mention the Retiiew.

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. 2, Write for
special prices on winter orders in large or small
lots, including all other Supplies. Also Berry
t'rates and Baskets made up >>r in flat.

Address, BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,
l-94-6t Berlin Heights, Ohio.

Blngrham Perfect Smoker*.

Cheapest and Best on Earth .
Patented 1878, 1882 and 1892.

SEND CXRD TO

T. F. BINGHAM,

Abronia, Mich, for Free Il-
lustrated 1894 Price List of
PERFECT Honey Knives
aiid Smokers. 1-94-tf

*he Retiiew.

GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN

SECTIONS.

Our white poplar and basswood sections
will surely please you. Eight - to - the - foot
poplar, seven - to - the - foot and 1 % basswood,
all 4^4 X i% inches square. Prices of either kind:
500, $1.50; 1,000, $3.00; 2,000, $5.75; 3.000, $8.30;
4,000, $10.80; 5,000, $13.25. Samples free.

0. H. TOWNSEND,

2-94-tf

Alamo, Kal. Co., Mich.

ion the Reuiew

Ulnstraied Alvertlsemeats Attract Attention.

Cnts Furnlsned for all iimstratlng PirDOses.

Don't order your SuTmlieS
until after you have ■^»*2r It *'**'"^

sent for, received and read my new catalogue
of sections, foundation, TTTT^USJ
smokers, comb foundation *"*■
and everything necessary for bee - keepers.

Mdress*^' At loiw Prices

J. J. BRADNER, Marion, Ind. 2-94-3t

Please mention tite Review,

|-^ r— r— QIIPPI IFQ Such as Hives Sections, Founda-
L^ L. L. OUm_IC.O tion. extractors, and Everything

IJ I I Else Used by a Bee-keeper. Also Clover Seed. Buck-
■— ^ ■— 1— wheat, bees andQUEENS. Large Wholesale and Retail
CATALOG FREE. Immense Stock.^^^ JQJ NYSEWANDER, DBS MolneS, lOWa.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

Ji<ixxx Customers afe Ujhat xxxz noixi UX^nt.

We always keep our old customers by FAIR DEALING and giving FULL VALUE.
Our 1894 catalogue of all kinds of

BEE -SUPPLIES

A copy of THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER and a Souvenir of value will be sent
on application. We manufacture all kinds of Bee Hives, the celebrated Falcon Sections,

Comb Foundation, etc. Tbe W. T. PAL-CONER A\'f'g CO.,

^ Jamestown, N. Y.

( ESTABLISHED 14 YEARS.)

AGENTS To

Handle tb« Best
Pirc r\Zit ^^^i<Ie,
ai)<l Ott)cr Kitcbei)
specialties. Prices
Low^r Tb^O tb«

Lowest. 3-94-3t

( Sz^rople Prcp2ii<l, 20 ct?. )

FLETCHER FIRE nAT CO.,

6 W. P«Arl 5t., Cirjcipoa^ti, Obio.

Please mention the Reuiew.

SHALL RE - QUEEN

My apiary *^iirly this' spring, and the tested
queens ( only 1 yr. old and right in their
prime ) will be sold as usual at only ^1.00.
W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FuiNT. MICHIGAN.

WALTER S. POUDER,

16a Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Standard Goods— Popu-
lar P r i c e s — Catalogue
Free.
'•BUSY BEES"

A book telling how to manage them— 10 cents in
Stamps: or free to those sending names of iive
bee-keepers. ]-84-12t

Supplies

Foot Power Machinery.

COMPLETE OUTFITS.
Wood or metal workers without
steam power, can successfully
compete with the large shops by
using our N n:w Laboe Saving
Machinery, latest and most ap-
proved for practical shop use ;
also for Industrial Schools,

Home Training, etc. Catalog free."'

SEITECA FALLS UEQ. CO.,

56 Water St., Seneca Falls, N. Y.

GRAY CARNIOLAN

Bees and Queens will be bred for sale the coming
season by JOHN ANDREWS, Patten's Mills,
N. Y. They winter well and breed up rapidly,
Hence are well adapted to both Northern and
Southern latitudes. Send for circular. 3-94 tf

Please mention the Reuiew,

Bee Hives and Section Boxes.

Simplicity, Langstroth-Simplicity, Standard
Langstroth, Dovetailed and Champion Chaff
Hives, Supers, One Piece Sections and Shipping
Cases. Foundation. Smokers, etc., etc. Send
for 16-page Circular.
1-92-tf PAGE & KEITH. New London, Wis.

Bee-Kbepek; also our beautifully

The Progressive Bee - Keeper is the
name of a journal for which you ought to
subscribe. Although the price is only 50
cts., the journal is first-class in every re-
spect. Dr. Miller calls it " the really pro-
gressive, Progressive." During the jiast
year it has received more favorable notices
from the bee-keeping press than has any
other journal. Its subscription list is six
times what it was a year ago when taken
in charge by Mr. Leahy.

We are also the largest manufacturers of

apiarian supplies west of the Mississippi.

Kindly send us your name and we will send

you a sample copy of the Progressive

illustrated catalogue of apiarian supplies.

fiigginsville, 1-fflssoviri.-

APRIL, 1894.

Year.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ADVEHTISIISIG J^flTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— There is a liberal stock of
honey on hand and trade is dull, but we expect
to clean out all this month and next. We quote
as follows : Fancy white, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 white,
11 to 12; fancy dark, 8 to 9; No. 1 dark, / to 7H>;
white extracted, 6 ; dark, 5 ; beeswax, 25 to M.
BATTERSON & CO.. , ,,

Mar. 7. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, (Sl.OO)

American Bee Journal — ( l.OO)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper ...( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)...

Bee Keepers' Guide ( .50)

Apiculturist ( .75)

Bee-Keepers' Enterprise . . ( .50)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 1.30.
. 1.40.
. 1.65.
. . 1.40.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— A.11 sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all foar sides ; both wood and comb uusoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
.comb uusoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there wiU be " fancy white,
"No. 1 dark," etc.

CHICAGO. 111. —The Chicago market has
plenty of honey, and 14c seems to be the outside
price obtainable. Any thing that will not grade
strictly No. 1 must be sold at 12 to 13. Large
quantities have been sold, but the supply is at
present in excess of the demand. Extracted
finds ready sale at 6 to %M for Northern honey ;
Southern, in barrels, 5. Beeswax, 22 to 24.

Dec. 19.

S. T. FISH & Co.,
189 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— The demand foralljcinds
of honey is very light. We quote as follows :
No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; No 1 amber, 13 to 14; fancy
dark, 10 to 12 ; No. 1 dark, 10 ; white extracted,
7 to 7V4; amber extracted, 6; dark extracted,.);
beeswax, 20 to 'H.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,

Mar. 7. 521 -Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— The market is very
weak at present, but, evidently will be better
later on. We quote as follows : iancy white, lb
to 17; No. 1 white, 15; fancy amber, 13% to^l*:
No 1 amber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 : white extracted.
614 to 7; amber extracted. 6 ; dark extracted. 5 Vi.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave.. Nortli, Minneapolis, Minn.
Jan. 2.

CHICAGO 111.— The honey market is very dull
at last month's ouotations ; but \ve have moved
considerable sto-k at 13 cts and believe that^l3 to
14 will rule for the balance of the season. 1 here
is plenty of inquiry for beeswax witli none to ot-
fer. We quote as follows : Fancy white. 13 to
14 ; No. 1 white, 13 ; fancy amber, 12; white ex-
tracted, 5 to 6 ; beeswax, 25. .,..,,,..,
J. A. LAMON.

Mar. 7. 44 & 48 So, Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, III. -Comb honey is selling in
small lots, when choice, at 14 to 15 cts; ott
grades are hard to dispose of . Extracted is ot
slow sale at 5 and G cts. Beeswax is in good de-
mand at 25 cts for pure goods.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Mar. 7. 101 So. Water St., Chicago, lU.

NEW YORK, N. Y. — The demand for comb
honey has almost ceased, while the market^is yet
well stocked. In order to move round lots, the
prices given must be "shaded." Extracted is in
fair demand, but the supply is abundant. Bees-
wax meets with a ready sale at the prices given.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 11 to 12 ; i\o.
1 white, 10 to 11; fancy amber, 11 ; fancy dark,
9 ; white extracted, 5';4 to 6 ; amber extracted,
5^ ; dark extracted, 5 ; beeswax, 27 to 28.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Mar. 9. 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

ALBINO

Qu^^OJ 2vncl Bee5

Are the best of all. We can furnish the golden
Italians or the Albinos, but experience tells us
that the Albinos are the best, while our orders
show 50 to 1 in their favor. Send for our re-
duced prices We furnish bee-keepers supplies
generally. See our circular, b. VALENTINE.
2.94.3t Hagarstowu, Md.

' A M iQ

■BROODERS

' WRITE FOR CATALOGUE

' f7\M0aS )^F'G.(p.

"cTNAfsxI'.CHlC/AQO.a^A

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

eOI^B HOHEY

'®>

And its production interest the practical bee-keeper more
than anything- else connected with his business. To have
the best bees, hives, supers, foundation and implements,
and a knowledg-e of how to use them in securing- the most
comb honey with the least labor, is that for which he
strives ; and it was to aid him in this attainment that
"Advanced Bee Culture," was written — it is the one,
grand central idea kept in view from the first to the last
of its thirty-two chapters.

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

GO TO

HEAD
QUARTERS

FOR 4 AND 5 BANDED

^11 QUEENS

Special, breeding queen, $5.ro

Best, select, tested, 3.00

Tested, 2.50

Untested,. 1.00

" per dozen, 9.00

Z_. L. HEARN.
7-93-tf Oakv le, W. V a

Fincb'^ Foupclzitiop,

MADE BY

An Irr)prove«J Procej^,

IS THE
SEE SAMPLES FROM

W. J. FiriCH Jr.,

Springfi?I<I, Illinois. l-fM-t

EE^ SUPPLIES!

, Send for free copy of IlitrrSTRATEB

I CATALOGUE— describing everything
useful to a B££-KEEPER. Address
T. G. K'e'wman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

'7^yf^yfs:y^7t<y^yiKyfs:yfi^jf^

^Dr. Tinker's Bee-Book Free

To a NEW Subscriber who sends $1.00 for a year's

^ subscription to the "Weekly AMERICAN BEE

^ JOlTRNAIj. Dr. Tinker's 80-page book is called,

^ BEE-KEEPING FOR PROFIT,

^ and has something valuable on Bee- Pasturage.
'j A Sample Copy of the •■ Bee .Journal " is sent Free.

^ GEORGE W. YORK & CO..

J 56 Fifth Avenue, - - CHICAGO, ILLS.
Vi ^W~ To New Subseril)ers— the JouHNAii alone to

>ti.sli>ii.>ti>t4.i4i>te>t4. ^t.iliil>i.ij tliree luontliit lor 20 cents.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our
Combined Circolar and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-T6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOB CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

GOLDEN ITALIANS.

If you want bees that are large, beautiful,
very gentle and great honey gatherers, try my
(roJden Italians. Tliey are pronounced very
tine by W. Z. Hutchinson and many others.
Satisfaction guaranteed. One untested queen,
XO cts., three for $2.00. One warranted queen,
SI 0(1, three for $2.r)0. Tested queens, $1.50 each.
Selected, tested queens, $2.00 each . 3-94-tf

C. M. HICKS, Hicksville, Wash. Co., Md.

Bees

Bees.

If you contemplate buying Bees and Queens
the coming season, write for special prices to

:^-94-tf

LiEIfllHCEt^ BJ^OS.

FoPt Jennings, Ohio.

ir You WANT THE

BEE BOOK

Tliat covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.' 0
to Prof. A J. Ct)ok, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discouis to the Trade.

Please merttioti the Review.

ATTEAITION,

FL-EASE.

One untested queen in June, $1.00

One " " .July to Sep., 75

Six " queens, in .June, 5 00

Six " " July to Sep., 4.00

One 2-frame Nucleus in June, 2.75

One 4frame " " 4.00

All nuclei contain untested queens. Send for cir-
cular and sample of my 5-B2^n<Ie<I B^ZkUties.

J. F. niCH/\EL,

l-94-9t German, Darke Co. Ohio.

I Have Everything

Needed in the Apiary. Latest Improve-
ments. Best Qualify. Bottom Prices. My
Strain of GOLDE s ITALIAN BEES have
feiv Equals. Send for Price List.
3-94-tf E. F. QUIGLEY. Unioville. Mo.

Iteiliap Queeps

AND NUCLEI.

Five and Three-Banded, bred in separate yards
twelve miles apart. Warranted Queens, 75 cents
each ; three for $2.00 ; tested, $1.00 Good's intro-
ducing cage sent extra with each queen. Strong
Nucleus with warranted queen, 2-frame, for $2. CO ;
3-frame for $2..50 ; 4 frame for $3 00. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. Special prices on large orders.
J. H. GOOD,
l-94-12t Nappanee, Ind

AGENTS To

Han«Jle th^ Bc5t
Fire A^at A\a^e,
zin«j Other Kitchen
specialties. Prices
Low^r Tbz^n tb^
Lowest. :<-«-3t

I Sarpplc Prepzki<l, 20 ct?. i

FLETCHER FIRE V^AT CO.,

6 W. P«ArI 5t., Cincion^ti, Ohio.

fleui Customeps at*e UUhat xjue noxxi CJClant.

We always keep our old customers by FAIR DEALING and giving FULL VALUE.
Our 1894 catalogue of all kinds of

BEE -SUPPLIES

A copy of THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER and a Souvenir of value will be sent
on application. We manufacture all kinds of Bee Hives, the celebrated Falcon Sections,
Comb Foundation, etc. Tbe W. T. FALCONER t\'f% CO.,

( ESTABLISHED 14 YEARS.)

.lamestown, N. Y.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

UM^um^m^^uuuuu^w^^WM^^uuum

Names of Bee - Keepers.

TYPE WRITTEN.

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a boolc. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and. although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2..iO
per 1000. but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

EE SUPPLIES!

jSendforfreecopyof II>I..r"STRATEI>
I CATALOGXIE— describing evervtiiiiiK
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G. Xewman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

Out on the Prairie,

.\way from other varieties of bees, 1 rear
Italian queens that cannot be excelled
for Beauty, Gentleness, and Business
Qualities; and I offer them for April
delivery at the following prices : —

One Untested Queen, 80 cents ; three
for $2 35; six for $4.00. Tested, $1.25;
select, tested breeder, yellow to the tip,
$1.30. 3-94-tf

G E. DAWSON, Carlisle, Ark.

/
/
/
/
/
/

I
%

^<^-'^^:^I\ X \ \ \ \ \v;j&^-:

Please mention the Reriew.

GOLDEN

-^ ITALIAN -^

I
I
I

QUEENS.

Hie

tition the /?eu

Reared by the Doolittle metliod. at 75 cents each
for untested queens. Breeding queens, the verv
best. $4 00 each. Nuclei, $1 o" per frame. Full
colonies of Italians. S6.0() each. Safe arrival and
satisfactitm guaranteed or money refunded.
Send for price list. F. A. CROWEL.L,
:!-91-tE Granger, Fill. Go., Minn.

[Money Order Ojfice, Cresco, Iowa )

THE ISPTOLL."

1. The most perfect Hive ever
offered the public.

2. It has Closed - End Frames,
whicli can be more rapidly liandled
than any other frame, without kill-
ing a single bee.

3. The Top-Bars project over the
Hive ends, allowing easy and rapid
liandli' g of the Frames. This fea-
ture favors narrow spaces between
tlie bars, and makes the most perfect
iion-burr-ct)nib frame extant.

4. TI.ey can be nianipulaled
without working with fn gers among
the bees, or having them daubej
with propolis.

5. The hive may be contracted or
txpaadedas desired.

(5 Tlie frames are provided with
an improved and rapid met!iO(l of
putting in comb found;ition

7, The frames are L. in size. We
also make a dee|) frame hive L.
length.

Send for illustrated circular.

The Aspinwall Manufacturing Co., Jackson, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Sections

Sandpapered and polished on both
sides while you wait ; but don't
wait too long- or you will look like
the man above. Dealers are already laying- in a stock, and
if you want any, order before the rush. We invite com-
parison of these g-oods with other makes, and will g-ladly
send you samples for two 2 cent stamps to pay postage.
Our 52-pag-e catalogue for 'V)4 Lclling- all about these and
other t'oods free for the asking.

PLEASE MENTION
THE REVIEW,

A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

WHY BUY'

Have it Dor\e at the Review.

Untesle I (lueens when I will WARRANT my
queens purely mated anil to >rivo satisfaction.
If you have never tried my <iueons, send
Gi ct.'^. for one. Only one (luoeu at this price
and then only to a new customer. Regular
price, $1 (K3. Be sure to mention the Review.
Swedona, Ills.
(M.O. office, Cable.)

S. F. TREGO,

Money Returned toallbdyig Porter Bee-Escapes

And not findin^' themselves perfectly satisfied after testing them. Jieading bee keepers everywhere
use and highly recommend them as great labor saving implements and as the BEST. No others re-
ceived World's Fair Award. Without giving them a trial it is impossible to realize how much of the
most vexatious, annoying and disagreeable work they save. With them the surplus honey can at
all times be taken from the liivos unstained by smoke, uninjured by the gnawing of the bees, and
without inciting robbing, fighting, or any disturbance of the apiary. Prices : Each, postpaid, with
dirsctione, 20 cts ; per doz., $2.25. Testimonials, etc., free. Order from your dealer, or of the
manufacturers, ^ ^ ^^ ^ PORTER. LeWISTOWN, LLS. (menticn rvifw.) 4-<)4-tf

f sections, Bee - Hives zvod otber Be« - Ke^p^rs' appliances at p

Be«J RocK Prices. Best of Goo^S at Lowejt Prices. Write for
^ Catalog ai7«4 Price List. G. B. LEWIS CO., Wat^rtown, Wis. ^

Tt)

e (i>ee-

eepeps'

ecu'

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR,
¥. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and ProDrietor.

VOL, VIL FLINT, MICHIGAN, APRIL 10. 1894. NO. 4.

AVork at M^icliigaii's

Experim.eiital

Apiary.

B. L. TAYIiOE, APIAEIST.
OUTLINE OF WORK FOB THE COMING YEAB.

" Perhaps he hath great projects in his mind,
Or revels in the joys of calculation."'— bk^O/v.

(S'lNCE it has
i£> been definite-
ly settled that the
apicultural work
in connection
with the Michi-
gan Experiment
Station is to be
continued for au-
otiier year, it will
!e profitable to
begin the consid-
eration of plans
to be used in conducting the work. So far
as the work already completed is concerned
an effort has been made to secure its more
general publication by the early issue of a
bulletin which it is expected will be ready
for distribution by the time this meets the
eye of the reader, and it can be obtained by
simply asking for it upon a postal card di-
rected to the Secretary of the State Board of
Agriculture, Agricultural College, Michigan.
There are some items of ui completed
work rela ing principally to the wintering
problem which will appear as soon as the re-

sults can be definitely known. Owing to a
long continued illness during late fall and
the beginning of winter they are neither so
extended nor so important as I had intended,
but there will be an earnest effort to make
effectual preparation for useful experiments
in this line next winter.

I have been making use of a hygrometer
to determine the degree of moisture in my
cellar and its riadings have been so much of
a conundrjum that I have sometimes been in
doubt as to whether I have as yet succeeded
in securing its perfect operation, but I hope
by further study to make it worthy of con-
fidence.

What shall the work be for the coming
seasou ? I shall here give something of an
outline of what I propose, which is, of course,
subject to change by authority of the State
Board of Agriculture, by the advice of the
Committee of the State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, or on account of reasons that may
come to light through communications from
those interested in discovering improved
methods in apiculture or otherwise.

The first thing contemplated in order of
time is an experiment to te^t the advantage
of spring packing. As soon as the bees are
out of the cellar and have quieted down so
that their strength and coudi ion can be in-
telligently estimated, two sets of colonies
will be selected with all possible care so that
when all points as to their condition are con-
sidered it cannot be safely said that one set
is better than the other, then both sets are to
be treated alike except that one is to be

*J2

THE BEE-KEt:t*ERS' REVIEW.

thoroughly packed and to remain so until
settled summer weather, and the other left
without any protection but the single-wall
hive. If there prove to be marked advan-
tages in packing it will be shown, at the
time when the packing is removed, by the
greater strength of the colonies both in bees
and brood : but the crucial test will be in
the cash value of the increase and surplus of
all of which an accurate account is to be
kept.

Then the matter of feeding during the
spring for the purpose of stimulating the
production of brood is one upon which there
is not a full agreement on the part of the
most experienced bee- ke pers, and is of suf-
ficient importance to call for as thorough a
test as it is possible to make. Todotliis the
same care is to be taken in the selection of
two sets of colonies as in the preceding mat-
ter, and, as in that, a careful record of all
the results will furnish a criterion that will
perhaps enable us to say whether such feed-
ing has any decided advantage.

In connection with these two proposed ex-
periments, if the season is such as to cause
considerable s varming, an effort will be
made to obtain some light upon the mooted
question of the advantage or disadvantage
of swarming, i. e., whether a colony which
casts a awirm will pr duce results of great-
er or less value than it would have done had
it passed the season without contracting the
swarming fever. I say in connection with
the other experiments, because thus the la-
bor of selecting colonies of equal strength
can be made to serve both purposes.

Dr. Miller wates me suggesting that I
make an experiment to test the comparative
advantage of ten frame hives and eight
frame hives. Would a two story Heddon
hive take the place of a ten frame hive sat-
isfactorily ? They are of the same capacity.
Such an experiment seems to me a most
thankless task for if there is anything I
know about the production of comb honey,
it is that an eight frame hive in this latitude
is better for that purpose than a ten frame
hive, for, as a rule, in the former there will
be produced as much, or a little more, profit-
able brood, less unprofitable brood and
eight or ten pounds more section honey,
which, in the latter, would go into the brood
chamber, while twenty-five per cent, more
bees will lounge or labor in the brood ch am-
ber of the latter instead of attending to the
more profitable business in the supers. This

is not all, but it seems to me to be enough.
To me, the results of an experiment con-
ducted on any plan which has yet suggested
itself to me would be less satisfactory than
is what I already know by direct action of
my senses. However, if the Doctor can sug-
gest some feasible plan for making an ex-
periment at not too great expense, the re-
sults of which, if rightly conducted, he will
guarantee to produce in his mind a settled
conviction to which he agrees always to cling,
I would gladly agree to make it.

Another point which I thin'i deserves at-
tention is the question so often discussed as
to whether a made swarm does as effective
work as a natural one. With proper care
this is a matter of which I think a very sat-
isfactory solution may be ob ained. The
made swarms should be taken from colonies
which have not contracted the swarming
fever and which have queens equal in quali-
ties, as near as may be, with those which the
natural swarms possess. A careful record
should be kept of the weight of such swarm
of either kind as well as of the time of hiv-
ing and they should be put into hives alike
in all material respects at the same time or
if not all at the same time at least in pairs,
one of each sort so that the aggregate time
of honey gathering of each set shall be just
equal. The result? should then be taken as
a pretty accurate indication of the advantage
or disadvantage of either course.

Of course, all the experiments of last sea-
son should be repeated with such changes of
method as experience may intimate will be
of advantage.

The non-swarming attachment with any
additional improvements can be tested from
the very beginning of the honey season be-
fore the inception of any desire to swarm.

The hiver also should be given the fullest
chance possible consistent with fairness to
redeem itself, but in the case of each of these
devices the best effort possible should be
made to compare the actual value of results
with that of the results of the same number
of other colonies of equal strength.

In the case of the comparison of the value
of starters, foundation and comb in the
brood chamber, the same general course
should be followed as last year, butmoie
should be made of the results in the brood
chamber in the matter of brood and comb
building. Perhaps also something more sat-
isfactory may l)e obtained by a course some-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' RE VIE W^

thing like this : Take three swarms and put
them together in a large Ijasket caging the
queens, and place the basket in a darkened
cellar, then after the swarms have become
thoroughly united divide them again into
three equal parts, giving each a queen, and
hive each one in one of a set of the three
differently prepared hives. Though the three
swarms before being united may have been
of different values as workers the thorough
amalgamation and the equal division would
presumably make them of just the same
value.

The subject of foul brood will continue to
receive sucli attention as circumstances will
permit. An experiment which I had ex-
pected to make last year, but failed to carry
out from the circumstances of the season,
will be attempted during the coming sum-
mer. I refer to the testing of wax from foul
broody combs as to its ability to convey the
disease to a colony hived upon foundation
made from it, without its ever having been
brought to a boiling temperature. The wax
was rendered in a solar extractor at a tem-
perature never exceeding 180° F., and it will
be sheeted and made into foundation with-
out permitting its temperature at any time
to go above that point. This foundation
will then be used in frames and swarms
hived upon it and results carefully noted.

The testing of different sorts of section
foundation will again be made a prominent
feature of the work this year and on a more
extended scale. While in some parts of the
work no important change of method is
necessary, in others an entire change must
be made. For instance, in testing founda-
tions for the purpose of determining what
sort the bees prefer as shown by their draw-
ing it out quicker and farther, only two
kinds, I think, should be used together al-
ternately instead of a large number as last
year. Then the sections used for this pur-
pose should be much narrower so that the
bees will not be tempted to leave one sample
on account of the unusual depth which its
cells have reached to bring up another hav-
ing shallow cells. Comparis ns also will
be attempted of foundations made from the
same lot of sheeted wax but upon different
machines as well as of different weights of
the same make.

These are the chief features proposed for
the summer's work so far as my plans are
yet matured and my hope is that this state-

ment of my plans may lead bee-keepers to

make suggestions that will enable me to

further improve and extend my operations.

Lapeeb, Mich. March 20, 1894.

Suggestions for Foundation Experiments.—
Advantages of Single - tier Wide Frames.

E. A. DAGGITT.

mHE topic for
jj discussion in
the March issue
of the Review is
an import int one,
but I fear it will
be a difficult mat-
ter t settle to
the satisfaction
of all, owing to
certain difficul-
ties in the way of
a definite solution
of the (luestion, still I believe much good
will result from a thorough discussion and
investigation of the subject.

Before reading the excellent article on this
subject by Mr. Oliver Foster in the Febru-
ary number of the Review — (an article that
deserves to be carefully read and studied by
every bee-keeper) — I was going to ask if
foundation could be made on the Given press
with other than broad side walls, and if so,
;f it could be made on the same machine
with a very thin and broad septum and nar-
row side walls ; but Mr. Foster's article
makes it unnecessary for me to do so.

It occurs to me that round dies would make
just as good foundation as fiat ones, provided
the projections and depressions on them were
just the same as on flat ones except the form
it is necessary to give them to adapt them to
circular surfaces. Indeed, I should think
that if one had the advantage of the other, it
would be the round ones, both in producing
softer walls and thinner septum.

The results of the experiments at the Mich-
igan Experimental Station on the use of
foundation in sections were important and I
hope these experiments will be continued
and will lead to im[)ortant results, if not to
a solution of the problem.

I wish the foundations used had all been
made of the same wax. This I think is very
important and I hope the matter will not be

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

overlooked when other experiments are
made. I would suggest that experiments be
made in manipulating the wax before it is
made into foundation. Every one who has
made grafting wax is aware how much bet-
ter it becomes by manipulating it as soon as
it gets cool enough to handle ; and the more
it is worked the lighter in color and better it
seems 1 5 become. The difference between
comb and melted wax is, I presume, in the
mechanical arrangement of the molecules,
and it may be that this difiference is largely
due to the manipulating of the wax scales by
the bees. It may be possible to make con-
siderable improvement in foundation by this
means, and to very closely imitate natural
comb.

I am interested to know what the results
of such an experiment as this would be :
Suppose four sets of sections are taken, the
first set to be tilled with natural comb with
the cell walls removed or nearly so, leaving
the septum or ba^k of the combs. The second
set to be filled with foundation having the
thin> est and hardest possible septum with
only incipient side walls. The third set to
be filled with Given foundation, and the
fourth with plain sheets of wax of about the
same weight per foot as the Given founda-
tion, enough sections to be used to fill a
super and no two of a kind to be put togeth-
er. They to be put on a hive containing a
strong colony of bees in normal condition.
As bees do not like any foreign substance in
their hives, my opinion is that they will at-
tack the plain sheets of wax first, and com-
mence to remove them. Owing to the Given
foundation being more vnnatural than that
in the second set of sections, 1 believs the
bees well attack this next. Finding in it the
imprint of cells (its only redeeming feature)
they will make it into comb, instead of treat-
ing it as they did the wax sheets. I think
they will next attack the other foundation
an , last of all, the natural comb. This ex-
periment may at first appear of a trivial na-
ture, but a little thought will make it appear
otherwise. It may show us that bees work
one kind ot foundation before another chief-
ly because of its more unnatural character —
an attempt to remedy the greater evil first.
The softness of the foundation may have
something to do too with their preference ;
but probably not as much as we think, for any
foundation must be very soft and plastic in
a strong colony of bees during the honey
season.

It seems to me that experiments in the use
of foundation in sections should be carried
on during a series of years, for what may
take place in one season may not in another
owing to different conditions being rresent.

Because bees prefer one kind of founda-
tion to another, is not of itself conclusive
proof that the kind preferred is the best to
use, for it is possible that they may produce
just as much honey with the other kind.
There must be something more than a mere
preference by the bees to commend it.
Neither is the fac that thinner septa were
made from the heavier Given foundation
than from the lighter grade, as shown by the
experiments at the Michigan Experimental
Station, conclusive proof that the former is
preferable to the latter, for it would give
more melted wax to the comb, which is un-
desirable. Now, if I were compelled to eat
melted butter mixed with that in its natural
state, I should insist on having as little as
possible of the former mixed vith it. When
I eat comb honey, 1 want as little melted wax
in the comb as possible. I am of the decided
opinion that we should have our comb honey
as natural as possible in both honey and
comb. If we try to chew empty comb made
from foundation, we shall find that it be-
comes a tough mass, and is not easily broken
into pieces. If we treat natural comb in the
same way we will find it of a more brittle
nature. For this reason I think the less wax
there is in foundation for sections, other
things being equal, the better. Unless one
has a fancy trade, small starters answer suf-
ficiently well for all practical purposes.

In the treatment of this topic, we must
bear in mind that bees will sometimes build
comb on foundation and alter the founda-
tion but little if at all. A neighbor found
this to be the case when examining a brood
comb built, he tlynks, on medium brood
foundation and which was made on a roller
machine. He says that by pressing against
the sides of the cells they would separate in
a mass from the foundation leaving it about
the same as when put into the frame. It is
possible that some of the trouble from " fish
bone " in comb honey comes from this
source.

I have never had a compl tint from any
customer, about " fish bone " in my comb
honey, but one season one asked me why the
honey I had sold her contained so much
wax. I could give no reason for it, unless
the bees sometimes used too much wax in

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

building the comb, for the foundation used
in the sections was either thin or extra thin,
and I am almost sure that only small starters
were used.

Bef Jr3 closing, I wish to say somethinti
about putting sections on the hives — a mat-
ter closely related to the foundation ques-
tion. I much prefer ^^iugle depth wide
frames for the purpose, to any other arrange-
ment. The combs in them are built out
quite evenly from end to end, and from the
center of the super outward, leaving the few-
est unliuished sections. The sections are
kept cleaner, and separators can be used in
them to better advantage than in any other
arrangement. They possess another impor-
tant advantage that I have never seen noted,
and which will appear further on.

If a swarm of bees is given single depth
closed end frames tilled with foundation,
and without a bee space above the frames,
the combs will be broadly built to the top
bars except at their ends. At the ends of
the frames, passage ways will be left here
and there through the combs, and there is
almost sure to be one of these at each upper
corner. These bee passages are a necessity
under the circumstances. But if a bee space
is left over the frames the bee passages will
be more limited in extent, and the upper cor-
ners of the frames are apt to be tilled with
comb, for the necessity for passage ways at
these places no longer exist. If hanging
frames with bee spaces over, as well as un-
der, and at the ends of the frames, had been
given the swarm, the frames? would have
been filled with comb except at their bottonj,
and then the bees would try to till up the bee
space above the frames with comb and would
in time build brace combs in tlie bee spaces
at the ends of the frames at their upper parts.
I have found that bees lirin,-; their combs well
down to the bottom bars, except towards tlie
entrance, if there is a bee space of not less
than % of an inch under them

Now, as each section is really a closed end
frame, and as such frames are not as well
filled with comb as hanging frames are, it
seems to me that we should, as much as pos-
sible, apply the priucii>les of the latter to our
surplus arrangements for securing comb
honey.

To do this, wide frames are a necessity.
By means of their top and bottom bars, we
get deeper comb ranges ; and this in con-
nection with a bee space above and below
the frames will give al>outall the advantages

of deep bee spaces in encouraging the bees
to thoroughly build their combs to the top
and bottom bars of the sections. By having
a bee space at each end of the uprights of
the wide frames, and a continuous passage
way on each side .f the separators, and
through the uprights, and into the bee space
at each end of tlie frames : the bees will be
encouraged to build their combs out evenly
from end to end of the frames, and to prop-
erly build them to the upriglits of the sec-
tions. If these passage ways were as deep
as the sections it would be difficult to crate
the sections when filled with com , and sup-
port the separators. Insets in the sections
and the bars of the frames would probably
answer the purpose. I am confident that we
may yet be able to get as well filled sections
by using only starters, as we now do with
full sheets of foundation. I have noticed
that bees finish up sections more evenly
from end to end of wide frames when there
is a bee space between the ends of the frames
and the super case, than when there is not.
Who knows what improvements may be
made in the direction of better comb ho^ ey
supers ?

^VHITE House Station, N. J., Mar. 7, ".)4.

The Same Colony is Not "Best" Every Year;

Grading Honey Objectionable ; Clarifying

Wax ; Dipping Boards : Adulteration.

B. TAYLOK.

Nor mail nor bee is worth a moniout's yiewinf;
Except they each continue in well doing.

^ r/DITUR Review,

JIj in commenting
oil an extract from
my article in Glean-
ings regarding the
policy of replacing
queens that the api-
arist considers in-
ferior, you express
a desire to know
upon wliat grounds
I condemned the
queen in question. I
condemned her because the colony failed to
do average work during the season. The
olony containing the queen marked for
execution made little or no surplus and did
not swarm. It never seemed to have a large

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

quantity of brood but was heavy wit winter
stores in the fall and I held the queen re-
sponsible for the failure ; and, as the igno-
rant generally do in treating questions they
fail to understand, I decided upon extreme
measures.

I have oftimes noticed that colonies that
did extra good work failed to come to time
next season. Several years ago a certain
colony in my yard made 2G5 pounds of comb
honey. It was in two sections of the small
hive, had a one-year-old queen, and was just
boiling over with bees during the entire sea-
son, yet did not swarm, its entire energy be-
ing employed in storing surplus honey.

If I could have had the advantage I now
have of sections of finished combs for stor-
ing surplus, I could have easily secured .'")(K)
l)ounds from that colony. In the fall I wrote
upon the hive in big plain letters: "The
best colony I ever owned ; 26.5 pounds of
honey. Breed from his."

After r.?moving all the surplus, the colony
was light in stores but I supplied them and
awaited the coming season, when this colony
Ijroved to be one of the poorefit in the yard,
and I did not get my extra strain of non-
swarming honey gatherers, although I heard
of such through the advertisements of queen
breeders.

I have for many years bred my queens
from the colonies that built up and swarmed
early, regardless of race or color. This is
nature's law of selection, " the survival of
ihBJittest.^^ It is to the horse that cjvts there
that the turfman looks for material to Jireed
from.

I shall stop trying to improve on nature's
law, and try to find what the command really
is and then obey without question.

I am beginingto be suspicious that swarms
that have to be fed and doctored in the fall
are not as safe stock for good work the next
year as those swarms that are heavy in stores
and strong in bees without tinkering.

My general plan in the past was to get one
natural swarm from eaph colony, as near the
opening of the wnite clover as possible, {loo
early swarms are no good) and work the new
swarm for all the surplus I cculd get without
regard to their future va'ue for wintering ;
the old colony being requeened and built up
strong and heavy for next year's stock, and
this kind of colonies never disappointed me.
Is there a better way all things considered ?
At this writing, March 2nd, the l)ees in the
house apiary are having a splendid, joyful

flight, being the second since cold weathef
set in. But best of all, these bees will be
ensconced in their warm beds of sawdust
during all the changeable weather of spring,
and will have extra opportun ty to build up
strong in time for the white honey harvest.
The house apiary has at last come to stay.

In trying to discuss the foundation ques-
tion I confess I scarcely know what to say.
I feel a little as I did when the question of
grading honey was up. You will remember,
Mr. Editor, that at the National Convention
at Chicago, in 1890, I opposed having any
official standard for comb honey, and that I
continued my opposition in the discussions
that followed in the bee journals, believ-
ing that the cause of improved comb honey
would be better advanced by /ibec/f/ o//ree
and unrestrained eoiiipetifion than by any
authoratative rules. I wish every person to
be free to win the benefit that his superior
talent and industry might give. The beauty
of true religion is the high ideals it offers
blind but unfolding humanity to strive for,
and I can think of no way of raising the
highest ideals of perfection in producing
honey or any other manufactured article
than that of allowing every competitor in
the race the chance to win the highest dis-
tinction of merit, and then giving each con-
testent the reward that naturally belongs to
such worthy effort ; and in the end all will
be benefitted, as the coarse and slothful pro-
ducer will be compelled, in the struggle for
existenc, to improve his methods and move
toward the hit^^her pefection. Well, after
all the laborious fussing of several National
conventions, all can now see that the grading
(luestion is not settled for any practical pur-
pose, and that, as friend Muth has well said,
" it will never be of the least value in busi-
ness transactions."

As to the best foundation or the way to
make it, I can give but little light. In
practice I have, for years, been a free un-
stinted user of it. I have used all the famous
makes, including Van Deusen's flat-bottom,
and I have used much of the celebrated B.
Taylor make, of many grades of fineness, and
have sold much comb honey made from all
these many difl'erent makes and different
weights of foundation, and now for the re^
suit.

I was always strictly careful in raising and
crating tliis honey to do every thing with
scrupulous care, and I have for twenty years,
and still have, a grade of comb honey that

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

stands No. 1 where ever offered for sale, and
I have never heard one word of complaint
about the kind of foundation used, nor did
I myself ever detect any difference that
would justify a preference for any particu-
lar brand, except, I believe, that the B. Tay-
lor brand has this advantage, it is made by
needy labor on rainy days from twenty cent
wax into fifty cent foundation. See ":*

No, friend H., you will easily see that, as
I have never been harmed by any of the
grades of foundation which I have used, I
cannot realize the im[)ortance of the great
amount of attention this question has re
ceived. A burnt child dreads the fire, but as
I have never had my fingers sorched by
any grade or make of foundation you will
excuse me for my indifference.

Several years ago when I first began to
make foundation I imagined that every foun-
dation maker refined the wax extremely
fine, so I prepared to do likewise. Several
tall, slim, tin cans, with sligh'ly sloping
sides, were made and filled with melted wax
and set near the warm stove so it would cool
slowly and allow the impurities to settle.
That was the way the " bosses " ^'n the Vjooks
told me to do it. Well, it did settle, but not
clear enough so that I could see my face re-
Hected in a cake of the wax, and I feared it
would not do, and I began to look about for
improvement. I made a tight box five or
six feet long, two feet wide, and a little deep-
er than my cans, with a tight lid to cover
all. Then in the center of one side, at the
bottom, a square hole was cut, twelve inches
in size, and a tight door hinged in the place.
Several of the tall cans were then filled with
hot wax, and set in the box near the ends so
as to leave a vacant place in the middle of
the box near the door. In this space a single-
burner, hand, oil stove was set and lighted,
and it made heat enough to keep the wax
liquid any length of time. The wick was
turned up just enough to make the proper
heat, and the lamp refilled when empty, and
the thing kept brooding for several days.
Have I said I could see my face reflected in
this wax when cold ? No, but I do say that
the wax was very soft and clear. These tall
cakes of wax were cut in two in the middle,
the top iised for surplus and the bottom for
brodd foundation. And right here I may
say that nearly every thing I learned by vis-
iting a celebrated foundation manufactory
several years ago, was that the wax that I
was using for br od foundation was as good

as the average used there for surplus. Now
I am not condemning said manufacturers,
for perhaps my wax was better than neces-
sary. However, I never noticed any bad re-
sults from it and it looked nice.

Hereafter I shall have my sections for
white comb honey filled with drawn combs,
as I can double my white honey crop there-
by. I did so last year, and I can get the
testimony of an old dealer that it was < he
finest honey he ever saw. But I will use just
as much foundation as before, as I want full
sheets to have my surplus combs built
upon.

[Tell us how you get the foundation drawn
out before the harvest ?— Ed.]

When I first began foundation making I
used Bro. Root's outfit in which the long
dipping board was lowered into a deep nar-
row can of wax. The board was ha idled
from one end only, hut I was never pleased
with this way of dipping a long board into
hot wax. The first end of the board has to
be a much longer time in the wax than that
part at the top, the result is that it is hard to
get even sheets. I now dip the boards in
sidewise from both sides in a shallow trough
of wax kept at the right temperature by an
oil stove in nearly the same way as I purify
the wax In this way the wax need not be
quite so hot, and the sheets are even, soft
and nice.

I see by Gleanimjs of February IHth, that
foundation makers are charged with adul-
terating with parafine. Truly this adulter-
ating business is getting to be a big elephant.
•Just when we thought we had the honey
adulterators by the horns, the Bee- Keepers'
Union seems likely to have to interfere to
save innocent men from persecution under
the laws we have had enacted to punish evil
uoers. Well, while the big "Boss Tweeds"
who are attending to Uncle Sam's business
at Washington are engaged in perpetrating
the greatest frauds ever recorded in liistory.
by running the nation f rther into debt in
this time of profound peace, for the purpose
of compelling our patriotic but easily gulled
people to pay more usury to the money
kings, it does seem like "straining at gnats
and swallowing camels " to fine or imprison
a poor devil because some one " having
authority " has decided that he has mixed a
little cane sugar with honey and then sold it
to old and young children to give them a
foretaste of future bliss by eating it on warm
flapjacks. I oftimes wonder if our boasted

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

civilization is not a great eham ; honest, in-
difstrious citizens starving in the midst of
wasting abundance ; adulteration and fraud
in nearly every thing we buy or use ; and
the statues running over with laws forbid-
ding all these things. Well, I guess that
whsn adulteration gets so common and so
dangerous that we dare buy nothing in the
markets to eat, for fear of being poisoned to
death at once, that we will be compelled to
turn a new leaf and construct a " new heav-
en " and a new earth (the co-operative com-
mon wealth) wherein merit and well-doing
will be the only recognized road to distinc-
tion and success.

FoKESTViLLE, Minn. March 2, 1894.

Needed Improvements in Bee -Escapes —
Can they be Secured ?

U. O. AIKIN.

NO doubt many
are watching
for A report from
me as to escapes.
Thfc Porters sent
iiie escapes having
two exits, and one
witli a dozen or
more. I at once
pronounced these
no improvement
over their regular
form. I also re-
ceived from Mr. Stead, of Canada, a sample
of his new escape. The Stead escape is
formed of a numl)er of little gates hinged
above, and so arranged as to be placed in the
edge of the escape board, thus allowing the
bees to pass to the outside of the hive and
down the front to the entrance. Of course
it can be made of as much capacity as de-
sired by putting in more gates. The direc-
tions are to put it on with the gates fastened
so the bees cannot get out till they are very
anxious, then let them out. The gates swing
outward, so they cannot return.

The season and circumstances have been
such that I could not make any very exten-
sive experiments, nor anything decisive.

When I wrote upon the subject of escapes
some mouths ago (see April last No. of the
Review, page ;t2) it seems that the Porters
and others gathered the idea that 1 thought

mk^ '

^^H

;

'■>e.h.M

f:.^, «.v,J

larger outlets was all that was needed. I did
say that the Porter could not do the work
fast enough, and say so yet. I also tried to
make it plain that something else other than
enlarged outlets was needed to make a suc-
cessful escape.

I have removed thousands of supers plac-
ing them on end on the ground, leaning them
against the hive, placing them on the hive
top or in stacks in the open air while the
bees left them. When so treated the bees
usually leave them in from a half hour to an
hour and a half of time. This of course can
only be done when robbers do not bother, or
when not too cool. If the i ees will leave
when so treated, cannot an escape be devised
that will work equally rapid ? That some
one might develop the necessary apparatus
was why I wrote my former articles on the
subject.

All observing apiarists know that when a
bee wants to get out of a super, she wants to
get out, and will go out in a hurry ; but if she
cannot get out then her hurry gets over
with.

Now if the Stead escape be well construct-
ed, I think it will do the work fairly well at
times. However it will not work well in cool
weather where the Porter would work. The
Stead cuts the communication between the
super bees and those in the hive, while the
Porter does not. Just how they communi-
cate I do not know ; but I think the com-
plete separation is one of the points that
must not be over looked in the successful
escape.

The Porter I think is the best all things
considered ; but will not work fast enough
because it is a pliysical impossibiltiy. Yet
if we enlarge the outlet we make communi-
cation more direct, and so they feel at home
and do not try to get out till they would
naturally want to fly or go to the brood nest.

I have watched bees passing out through a
small exit , ell-mell, and find that less than
100 pass p r minute. My observation leads
me to believe that when bees know the road,
and follow each other ttirough in single file,
and at a natural pace, they will not exceed
25 per minute. That means 1,500 per hour,
thus requiring about three hours to pass a
pound of bees at a fairly regular and intelli-
gent movement.

In putting comb honey supers on escapes,
an intelligent use of the smoker will leave
l)ut few bees in the super to start with ; but
a full depth extracting super is not so. The

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

extracting super is just the one we want
emptied quickest, but is the hardest one to
free. Think of it. A two story hive con-
taining six or seven pounds of bees, and
probably three pounds of them in the ex-
tracting chamber to pass through the es-
cape. At the rate of 2."> per minute it will
take nine hours to get them out, allowing
4,.")00 to the pound. Thus the Porter or any
escape having to pass them out single file,
must necessarily be a long or short time i
proportion as there are more or less bees to
pass.

In making these statements I do not for-
get that other conditions influence the bees
in going out, such as the weather, the honey
flow, the age of the bees and time of day. I
think the majority of the bees, young and
old, will want to fly once during the day — old
bees to the field and the young to play : so
most escapes will do the work in 24 hours.

I would like to ask R. Lj Taylo"-, B. Tay-
lor, G. M. Doolittle, E. R. Root and W. Z.
Hutchinson to experiment as to how many
bees will pass through an exit requiring them
to go single file, in a given time ; doing so
as soon as the weather will permit, and re-
port the results to me or in the Review.
This is not to discredit the Porter or any
other escape, but to suggest improvements.
I would also suggest that they use the Porter
escape in the test, arranging details to suit
tlieir own convenience.

Jan. 20, 18!)4.

LOVELAND, Col.

Molded Foundation.— Advantages of Carbol-
ized Cloths and Bee Escapes.

W. WOODLET.

T NOTICE in Review for February, that
1 Mr. O. Foster's article on foundation
gives Mr. Given's method of making founda-
tion on the Given press : as the method dif-
fers somewhat from the manner Messrs. Ab-
botts of Southall, England, made some
foundation with the plaster casts, early in
the eighties, at a London bee and honey
show, perhaps it will be acceptable to your
readers if I give the modus operandi.

The wax was melted in a tank within
another tank containing water to prevent
burning the wax, the tank containing the
wax was deep enough and contained enough

wax in which to dip the plaster casts. Those
casts were made in a stout wood frame (and
wood-back I believe) with hinges that al-
lowed the two casts to close together like a
book. The operator had a tank of clear cold
water and a table. The machine was dipped
into the water tlieu out of the water and into
the melted wax and the two sides of the ma-
chine brought up together tight by the aid of
a handle on each part of the machine, then
out of the hot wax and the whole plunged
into the cold water. The book (machine)
was opened and the sheet of foundation
taken off the casts, the sheet trimmed to
size, and the shreds, also the thin film of wax
that eas ly left the outsides of the machine
when taken from the wax tank and plunged
into the cold water tank, were returned to
the melting tank. This foundation received
no pressure after the wax was cold, was of
uniform thickness and good quality, but I
do not think any one uses the plaster cast
machines now, though at the Royal Show at
Chester, last .June, a machine of similar con-
struction, but all metal, was exhibited and
tried on the show ground, but the conditions
of trial were against the machine and it was
not voted a great success ; but the Abbott
machine of ten or twelve years ago was suc-
cessful in an eminent degree in making
stock foundation, but bee-keepers in Eng-
land had not at that time " caught on " in
using full sheets of foundation for section
honey, hence I cannot say if the foundation
as made in the plaster cast machine was
worked up well by the bees.

Bee escapes ( we say "super clearers,")
are made the same size as our supering
crates which are fairly uniform in size
throughout England and take twenty-one
sections with dividers. My method of put-
ting them on difliers somewhat from Mr. Day-
ton's, and I consider my way superior to his
from several points of view. 1st, I kill no
bees ; 2nd, have both hands at liberty : 3rd,
it is a quicker way ; 4th, have no robber bees
around; ."ith, don't disturb the colony: (ith, no
smoke drives the bees to the sections which
may possibly get badly perforated. How do
I do it ? Why, sir, thusly : I take one yard
of calico, tear it into two equal parts, dip
these two pieces of calico into a dish con-
taining diluted carbolic acid, say one ounce
of Calvert's No. r> carbolic acid to which add
a little glycerine, stir together, then mix
with a pint or more of water. This mixture
can be kept in a bottle ready for use.

loo

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Squeeze or wring the cloths as dry as possi-
ble, then take off the cover of the hive, place
the clearer or escape board fitted with a
" Porter escape " on the cover of the hive,
lift the crate of sections off the hive and al-
low one of the cloths to drop gently in its
place over the top of frames and the super is
placed on the clearer before a bee has es-
caped. The other cloth comes handy when
taking two crates from one hive, or in put-
ting an extra crate on under the clearer.
The bees pass into the hive in a few hours,
or by the morning. At my out-apiary I put
them on in the evening and remove the hon-
ey in the morning ^-eady to be put into the
trap to take home. I consider the super
clearer one of the most useful appliances
that has been added to the bee-keepers' out-
fit for many years. I well remember the old
way of removing sections, brushing and
shaking or blowing the bees off or out or
through the pop holes at the corners of the
sections, now tlie bees clear out themselves
while other work can be attended to. Once
it was a general disturbance, now it is done
(luietly ; then the stings were many, now
they are a rarity ; then one's eyes were oft-
times full of or smarting with smoke, now
by the use of the cloths (parbolized) there is
no danger of stained sections, or robber bees
following around ready to pounce in as soon
as the quilt is removed from the top of the
section crate, making the bees of the hive
vicious and spiteful ; then it meant a general
upset to the hives from which the honey was
removed and a great loss of time to the bees,
now, with plenty of supering crates on hand,
the honey can be removed and the bees con-
tinue right along with their work without a
Vjreak, thus increasing the out-put.

Yet another point in favor of the super
clearer, i. e., when the bees have built brace
combs between the bottoms of sections and
tops of frames, the bees, as they pass from
the sections to the escape, will sip up the
bleeding honey and carry it down into the
next super, or into the brood combs as the
case may be, and when the super is removed
there is only a little dry wax to remove.

A closing word for the carbolized cloths ;
when taking the clearers off, the bees are in-
stantly driven down out of the way as soon
as the cloth falls on the top of the super or
frames, on removing the clearer, and the
quilts can be replaced expeditiously without
killing a bee.

Newbuby, England. March 10, 'i)4.

Judging the Future From the Past.— Given
Foundation.

"BAMBLEB."

Please the children's and their mamma's eyes ;
No man liveth to himself, or dies.

mHE Dec.
'T' number of
the Review
was very much
delayed and
did not arrive
till well along
into January
It struck me
that I would
like to have
something t o
say in answer to that question of yours,
" How to make the Revie v a better paper."
It is a vry easy thing to take up the Re-
view or any other paper at the end of the
year and take a retrospective view of it and
observe the many points of improvement.
If there is improvement the points are so
plain that they indicate the line of improve-
ment for the future. Half-tone illustrations
have been creeping into the Review, and an
assurance that they are to be continued is
an evidence of striking improvement that is
sure to be popular.

The picture conveys to the gaze a meaning
that cannot be gained from the printed page.
Then the picture livens up the journal much
as pictures on the wall make the home more
pleasant and interesting.

We sort of dream over valuable facts some-
times that are not illustrated, but throw in
now and then an illustration and the fact is
fastened in the mind.

This is certainly an age of pictures and
there is no use for any one to deny the value
of good illustrations, and judging from Bro.
Heddon's remark on page !•, the Review to
accord with his view would be as bare of
adornment as a thorn bush in mid-winter ;
just think how forbidding that would be.

The question in relation to the special
topic plan, is a little more obscure, but
again taking a retrospective view we find
that the Review has not of late held so close
to the special topic feature, and it is pro-
nounced a better paper than ever. It is very
evident that a class journal, with a large cir-
culation, can stick closer to its text than
such a journal with a small circulation, and
the (juestion comes in here, shall we make

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

101

the journal for the one bee man of the fam-
ily or shall we throw in something that will
make it interesting to the whole family ? It
seems to me that there is a little rock of
danger ahead of the class journal with a lim-
ited circulation, both editor and reader are
likely to get into the habit of posing as,
" We 400." I hope, however, that such a
condition of things will never encrust the
bright Review.

Another point in the Re iew is the almost
entire absence of lady writers. In looking
over the index *or the past year, we find just
one article and tliat by Mrs. Atchley. It is
very easy to divine the cause. The rear
guard, Hasty, is such an inveterate old bach,
and makes such onslaughts upon kitchen
utensils, calling mops " dagons," etc., that
the sight of him is equivalent to " No woman
need apply." I admire Mrs. Atchley's cour-
age, and wishing always to see fair play,
hope in the future to see the name of more
ladies ia the Review.

There is another point, don't praise the
camera too much, but let it speak for itself.
It seems to be the fashion for great newspa-
pers to "eep their editors in the background,
but our bee journals have become th j me-
diums whereby to become famous, and when
we recently opened the first number of a
new bee paper and found the editorial face
beaming on ours from two half tones, we
mentally remarked, " great I and little U."
Don't believe it is necessary to have so much
editor.

I am pleased to see the revival of the Given
press idea. I used the press for several years
in my eastern home, and had good success
with it in making brood foundation. In
making foundation for sections I found that
my press would not give a uniform thick-
ness to the septum. I patiently tried to
remedy the fault by laying in pieces of pa-
per back of the dies, but faults still existed.
The only press I ever saw do good work was
owned by Mr. Holmes, of Shoreham, Ver-
mont. Mr. H. is a fine mechanic a:.d he
worked at his press until he could make
foundation of a very uniform thickness and
I am not sure but he uses it to this day. I
think if the press is manufactured at the
home of the honey bee the close mechanics
in that establishment will give us a machine
that will prove a success.

Foundation can be made quite rapidly
upon a press, and I am not sure but the me-
chanical movement to secure the pressure

might be improved so that the work can be
done more rapidly. It is no surprise to me
to learn that the pressed foundation shows
up best undor experiment, and is ahead of
the roller - made and even better than the
much lauded flat - bottom foundation.

Bloomington, Calf.

Jan. 31, 1894.

[Apropos the foregoing I might say that
the gist of the suggestions regarding the
management of the Review is that it be kept
closely in bounds as a bee journal. The in-
troduction of illustrations is regarded with
favor, but there are hints that they be con-
fined to apicultural subjects. The references
to the editor and his hobbies outside of strict
apicultural work will be enjoyed if they are
brief and timely, but there is a very decided
feeling against the Review wandering too
far into by-paths. There is an intimation
that bee journals are taken for the informa-
tion that may be gained in regard to apicul
ture, and the closer they are devoted to that
industry, the greater will be the satisfaction.
Instead of adding departments devoted to
other pursuits, make tlie bee-keeping matter
so interesting that it will be read by the
whole family. For instance, I send the Re-
view to my father, and I have been told that
the whole family reads Hasty's writings,
although only one member is especially in-
terested in bees. Another instance : When
Mr. Terry wrote a book on potato culture I
looked it over, and then became so interested
that I read it and then read it aloud to my
wife, and neither of us are potato growers or
expect to be. Let us carry some sort of en-
thusiasm into the work, let us " git up and
git," and there is no danger that our jour-
nals will be dropped even if side issues are
not added. — Ed.]

Disinfecting Foul - Broody Hives by Burn-
ing Kerosene Oil.

[Hasty referred to this plan in his '• Com-
ments " and that led Mr. M. M. Baldridgeto
write him a letter. Hasty thought it too
good to keep, so he sent it to the Review. I
have the author's permission to lay it before
my readers, also his promise to describe in
the May Review his method of curing foul
brood, a method that promises to be as much

102

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

less troublesome than other methods as burn-
ing is less troublesome than boiling the hives.
—Ed.]

"St. Chables, Ills., 3-14, '94.
Fki'^nd Hasty: — Review came to-day.
Have seen your remarks on page 7G about
disinfecting foul-broody hives. The kero-
sene plan has been known on Fox river,
111., for several years aiid is a grand success.
It is way ahead of boiling in hot water and
far less trouble. Simply scrape the inside
of the hive until most of the bee-glue is re-
moved, then paint the same with kerosene.
Place inside a piece of burning paper and
let the kerosene burn off and you have a
clean box, thoroughly disinfected, and no
harm done to the outside, whether painted
or not. Don't let the fire burn so long as to
char the wood, but when slightly chared no
special harm is done as it can be scraped off.
One person can thus disinfect fifty hives in
a few hours.

The fire can be quickly put out by laying
a board over the top or simply by turning
the hive over. Try one or more empty hives
and see how nicely the plan works.

The first person I know of to discover and
p-it into practice the disinfecting of foul-
broody hives by the kerosene and burning
plan, was George Thompson, Geneva, Ills.,
who lost his apiary twice by foul-brood. No
foul-brood has re-appeared in any hive thus
treated, and such hives have now been in use
in his apiary for several years. The plan is
so simple, non-expensive and effective, there
is now no excuse for using such hives not
disinfected.

We do not fear foul-brood any longer in
"this neck of the woods." We think we
have found a very simple way to nd our
hives of foul-brood whenever it puts in an
appearance. We use no drugs nor do we
starve the bees, I tried the new plan in my
apiary last season on two colonies, the only
ones diseased, and found them 0. K. the l.'ith
of last November, the day they were taken to
the cellar, and if they prove to be free of the
disease this season I will then make the
method public. The simplicity of the plan
may surprise you. The diseasecf hive re-
mains in the apiarj but no robber bees can
enter therein. Every bee in tiie diseased
hive is saved and in due time finds herself
in another home. The work of the bees goes
right along, with no special loss to the own-
er, while the colony is being treated.

There is one apiary on this (Fox) river
that has had the foul-brood disease in it
since 1881, and it is in as good condition to-
day as then. This apiary has been about as
profitable as any in Illinois during the past
twelve years. The owner each fall simply
destroys enough bees to keep the apiary
down to about eighty colonies. He picks out
all that he thinks may be diseased. He then
extracts the honey therefrom, melts up the
combs, and makes the wax into foundation,
and is then ready for the coming year.
Whether he disinfects the hives or not I can
not say.

The March Review is a splendid number.
I always read the Review all the way through.
Very truly yours,

M. M. Baldkidge."

Superiority of Given Foundation. — Needed
Improvements in the Press.

K. H. HOLMES.

T7RIEND HUTCHINSON:— In reply to
J3 your request to write an article giving
my views on the subject of foundation, I will
say that writing for publication is entirely
out of my line, but I have been q . ite a little
interested in the late discussions on the sub-
ject in the different bee journals, and especi-
ally so in the report of R. L. Taylor's ex-
perimental work.

I have made and used the Given founda-
tion for the past ten years ; and while I pre-
fer it to any other make, perhaps it would
be only fair to say that my experience with
other ki ds has been limited. However, I
have used it both heavy and light in the
management of from 100 to 300 oo.onies each
season for ten years and have supplied
some of the neighboring bee-keepers for a
good portion of the time. My make is lim-
ited to a few hundred pounds per season and
I have made no effort to extend the sale for
the reason that my foundation room is con-
fined to the house kitchen, and this of course
limits my capacity for manufacture and also
for experimenting in the manufacture of
wax.

I have had bee-keepers try the Given foun-
dation for a single season and find no ad-
vantage over that usually made on a roller
mill. There are others, like myself, who
liave tried the Given with other kinds and

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

103

have a decided preference for the former.
In some cases I have goue so far as to cutout
the sheets already in the sections to be re-
placed hy the Given.

But it was not my purpose when 1 began
this article to compare the different kinds of
foundation but to give my reasons for pre-
fering the kind I use.

First, the most of my work is performed
by myself without hiring outside help and 1
can work the press with little help to better
advantage than a mill.

The assertion that the Given foundation is
softer than that made between rolls (which
some say is only a theory; I believe to be a
fact for the reason that, in my experience,
the bees accep . it more readily than other
kinds and work it out faster preparatory to
storing honey.

The third reason, which to my mind is
more conclusive and outweighs all others, is
that the comb made from the Given is the
nearest to the natural comb of any I have
ever yet seen. Some swarms will work out
a thinner comb from the same foundation
than others, but taken as a whole, one season
with another, for ten years, it ha~> become an
established fact, to my mind at least, that
we get the least weight of comb from the
Given foundation.

Dr. C. C. Miller, on page 8 of the Review,
expresses my mind exactly when he says " I
doubt if as nice looking foundation can ever
come from a Given press as from a mill.
But if the bees will take to it and work it
more readily, making the thick as thin as de-
sired then we may forego the matter of looks
before it is made into comb."

A word in regard to why the Given press
has not come into more general use. To my
mind the press in its present form is too
roughly made and too cumbersome. I admit
that to indent a sheet of wax as large as the
L. frame require.i a tremendous pressure
and the parts must necessarily be heavy and
very strong. I could point out many defects
in the press I use but it will suffice here to
say that it is like all new inventions when
they are yet in a crude state, and lack the
fine adjustment of perts and adaptation to
what is required which will be improved by
the suggestions which come to us in trial and
practical use. To illustrate, compare the
latest roller mill with those first made.

Those who have dipped wax well know that
it is practically impossible to make the light-
est sheets of uniform thickness, and then

when the press is so imperfectly made that
the pressure is not evenly distributed over
the entire surface the foundation will have
the " cloudy " appearance which is so much
objected to. The press as formerly made is
subject to constant wear in sliding the form
in and out of the machine, and in my own
case I have been obliged to make new wood
parts several times, and each time it requires
much patience and perseverance to wedge up
with single thicknesses of paper here, or take
one out there, to remedy the imperfection of
the machine and make the foundation as
even in appearance as possible. All this re-
quires more patience than even bee-keepers
or foundation manufacturers always possess
and I believe many have condemned the
Given press on this very account. But until
there is some method devised of dipping
sheets of wax as light as 10 ft., or there-
abouts, to the lb., of uniform thickness, there
will be no foundation made on a press, equal
in appearance to that from a mill ; but to
again quote Dr. Miller, " we may forego the
matter of looks," etc., provided the comb
" gets there " a little ahead.

I was pleased to learn that the "Roots"
were considering the matter of manufactur-
ing the Given press. I really hope the mat-
ter will not "down" until they give it a
thorough test. I believe if they will put the
same energy and persistency into this trial
as into other departments of their work, they
will make it a practical success.

Shoeeham, Vt. Feb. 26, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. z. HDTCHISON, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
11.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Review
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise it
will be continued.

FLINT, MICHIGAN. APRIL 10. 1894.

Protection for bees in the spring must be
tried several years before any definite con-
clusions can be drawn. My experience has
been that in one year it is a great advantage,
and in another but little, if any advantage
can be seen, all depending upon the season.
It never results in harm and has no objection
except its cost, which may be slight.

104

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Most disageeements among men arise
from ignorance on fundamental truths.

Me. Coeneil dropped dead in his bee-
yard on the 7th inst. No particulars; and I
stop the press to squeeze in these few lines.
He will be sincerely mourned.

An excellent piciurb of S. T. Pettit's
face looks kindly out from the front cover of
the April C, B. J. A picture of his pleasant
home accompanied by a short descriptive
sketch also appears in that issue. The C. B.
J. is giving evidence of plenty of hard work
and good management.

The EDiTOBof the C. B. J., in referring to
the experiments with foundation, says that
to test the advantage of one machine over
another, it is necessary that the wax be alike,
that it be dipped and cooled under similar
conditions and that it receive its impressions
under the highest possible temperature.

space here does away with the propolis. To
keep the frames from sliding endwise a brad
is driven into the side bars so that its point
projects about one-fourth of an inch.

Foul Brood is discussed, in what seems to
me a very sensible manner, by Bro. Holter-
man of the C. B. J. Mr. McEvoy also re-
ports that foul brood is on the decrease in
Ontario. This is hopeful. We may not all
agree upon some of the finer points regard-
ing this disease, but it is certain that we are
rapidly becoming its master.

»j'fc»*'''»»ii»ii^

Beo. Holterman of the C. B. J. says that
since he condemned the Heddon hive he has
taken but little notice of what Mr. Heddon
has had to say. If condemning an invention
destroys the correctness of the inventor's
views, it is to be hoped that no more of our
leading bee-keepers will be so foolish as to
bring out an invention and allow Bro. Hol-
terman to condemn it.

Hand-Holes, cut in the side of the hive by
means of a wabbling saw are only " finger
holes," so says C. W. Dayton in the Pro-
gressive. I must agree with Mr. Dayton that
there is no more satisfactory handle to a bee
hive than a rim of wood around it near the
top. Mr. Dayton also shows up the advan-
tages of a bee-space at the ends of the top
bars, that is, between them and the back of
the rabbet. He says truly when he says that
it is around the end of the top bar that the
most propolis is plastered. Leaving a bee

•u^^^-mF^^'mf^^

Subscriptions, in most cases, are sent at
the beginning of the year, but there is no
reason why you should not subscribe for the
Reeiew noiv. For particulars see the last
inside cover page. If you are not sufficient-
ly acquainted with the Review to wish to
subscribe without learning something more
of its character, I will send any number of
back numbers, up to fifty, at two cents each,
I to pick them out, but no two shall be alike.

Advertising of apiarian goods will pay at
this time of the year if it ever will ; and if
there is any advertiser who would like to
have me try my hand at composing and " set-
ting up " for him a new advertisement, I
shall be pleased to do so, sending him a
proof ; and there will be no charge unless
the advertisement is placed in the Review,
and then there will be no charge for the work
of getting up the advertisement.

Foundation made by a new process (pat-
ent applied for I believe) is being manu-
factured by the Burnett Co., Ludlow Ky. I
have received samples that are certainly very
fine. In writing of this foundation, (Jliver
Foster says : "As far as formation and tex-
ture of wax are concerned, it is the nearest
perfection of anything I have seen, and I
feel sanguine that the improvement is a long
step towards that attainment."

Full particulars are promised in time for
the May Review.

C.H. DiBBERN in the Progressive, refer-
ring to the devotion of so much space in the
journals to articles for beginners, asks :
" Why continue to beat the old straw, when
there is so much that has scarcely been
touched, still full of golden grain ?" Con-
tinuing he says that beginners should read
standard works for their instruction, " and
not insist that the weekly and monthly bee
journals be forever burdened with such
stufif." Good advice.

The American Bee Journal man "talks
back " because a Progressive correspondent
thought the Journal published too much

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

105

" trash." The Progressive mau thought that
a journal should be like a fanning mill — blow
away the chaff and lay sound grain before
its readers. Bro. York doesn't want it that
way — thinks every man should do his own
"digesting." Brethren, it depends upon
circumstances ; if a bee journal editor has
no practical knowledge of bees it is wisdom
on his part not to try the " fanning mill act,"
and to even get others to write his apicul-
tural editorials, but when he is capable of so
doing, I say, turn on the wind and bloiu
hard.

HOW TO WEAK A VEIL WITHOUT TUCKING IT
INSIDE THE OOLLAK.

When it is necessary to wear a veil in hot
weather who has not wished that there was
some way of holding it down, aside from
that of tucking it inside the collar ? When
the neck is hot and sweaty how it feels with
a sort of muffler pressed close against it by
the collar. Besides this, the veil is held suf-
focatingly close to the face. All this may
be avoided, and I'll tell you how. In a hem
in the bottom of the veil run a string, leav-

ing about a foot of the hem, right in front,
unoccupied by the string. That is, let the
string enter the hem at about six inches to
the right of the center of the front, pass it
around the back of the neck, bringing it out
of the hem at a point six inches to the left
of the center. The projecting ends of the
string must be long enough to pass under
the arms, cross at the back, and then be
brought around and tied in front. The string
holds the edge of the veil securely out upon
the shoulders, while if the right length of
hem is left without a string in front, that
part will be drawn snugly across the breast.
To Mr. Porter of bee escape fame belongs
the honor of devising this unsurpassable way
of holding down a bee veil.

i»>r»»»»^^^^»

NoN-SwABMiNG, by turning the bees from
one hive to another, a la Langdon, Mr.
Manum manages by placing two hi\es side
by side on what might be called a double
bottom board, or one bottom board above
another, the bees entering at each end of the
tube-like bottom board and coming up into
the hives through holes cut in the upper floor
of the double bottom board. They are
turned from one hive to the other by means
of slides that open and close the inner en-
trances. This method did not prove a suc-
cess last year, the greatest trouble being that
while reducing the force of one colony the
other is likely to swarm. Not only this, but
work in the supers was unsatisfactory, and
fall found the brood nests light in stores.

»;'*»i"^»».»^'

A NoN-SwAKMiNG strain of bees could be
as easily produced as a non-sitting variety of
fowls, provided we could as easily control
the mating of the queens ; at least, so argues
Mr. J. E. Armstrong in the American Bee
Journal. Against this idea many have
urged that all livings have the instinct to
''be fruitful and multiply." To this Mr.
Armstrong very appropriately replies that to
man has been given the power to " subdue
and have dominion over every living thing
that moveth upon the earth." Mr. Miller
gives some very happy illustrations of what
man has done in the way of breeding out
instincts and traits. Mr. Miller hopes that
the mating of queens in confinement may
yet be made a success. Those who have read
Cheshire know that this can be accomplished
only in full flight ; and those who have read
Mr. Heddon's article on " Practical Breed-

106

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ing," in the Review for September, 1893,
know that very nearly as good results can be
obtained without mating queens in confine-
ment.

tiX^'^Ji-fm^'u*

MB. HEDDON S NEW BEE JOUKNAL.

Well, I have lived to see what I had always
faintly hoped might greet my vision — a bee
journal published by my old friend, James
Heddon of Dowagiac, Mich. I say " faintly
hoped " because he has so many times talked
and planned of starting one, only to drop
the project. His journal is after the style
that he has always said he should publish, an
editorial quarterly. It is made up in news-
paper style, having four pages of six columns
each. This style is chosen because of its
economy — allowing the paper to be furnish-
ed at only 25 cents a year. The first issue is
Heddon clear through, and all who have read
his writings know what that means ; sharp,
clear, clean-cut ideas with some point to
them. There are no side issues, simply bees
from beginning to end in a straight forward,
business like manner. Considerable space
is used in this issue in a sort of introductory
way, but in the future it is to be used in de-
scribing implements and methods, in which
role Mr. Heddon has no supierior.

I am sorry that Mr. Heddon found it
necessary to issue a full-page supplement
devoted to adulteration and a defense of
himself against the recent charges made
against him, but, under the circumstances,*
perhaps no less could have been expected,
and I feel sure that every one who reads that
supplement will decide that they must have
absolute proof before they can V)elieve that
a man possessed of such integrity and tal-
ents could be so foolish.

SWEET OLOVEE AS A HONEY AND FOKAGE PLANT.

1 recently expressed doubts as to the value
of sweet clover as a cultivated honey plant.
This stirred up my old friend. M. M. Bald-
ridge, of St, Charles, 111., and he spent con-
siderable time in looking up what had been
published showing its value, and sent me the
references. I have looked up and read most
of them (I did not have all of the books to
which references were made) and it seems
evident that in the dry climate of the West,
and in some of the Southern States, sweet
clover and alfalfa have been very useful as
forage plants and for furnishing honey. In
the wcjrn out lands of the South sweet clover

has been a great help in bringing up the
lands to a higher state of fertility. Stock
doesn't like it at first, but will learn to eat it.
I have read of occasional crops of surplus
honey being secured in our Northern States
from sweet clover, but I have also read some
adverse reports. W. G. Larrabee gives one
in March Gleanings, but this report of Mr.
Boardman's is almost the first report I re-
member having seen from the North where
sweet clover was cultivated with satisfactory
results. Dr. Miller tried raising it and
failed. James Nipe, of Wis., tried several
acres of it and reported the failure in the Re-
view of March, 1888. It was tried at our
Agricultural College at Lansing, and pro-
nounced a failure. Friend Baldridge writes
me that he has a surprise in store for me re-
garding sweet clover. I am perfectly ivilliny
to be convinced that it will pay our Northern
farmer-bee-keepers to raise it.

»^it»*^^;"ii^ii-»

THE TALK ABOUT ADULTERATION.

'' From words to deeds is a great space,"'
Of late one or two of our bee journals have
been devoting considerable space and energy
to bringing prominently before the public the
extent to which honey is adulterated, or to
which they believe it to be adulterated, and
in exposing those whom they think are en-
gaged in that practice. I have every reason
to believe that this course is taken from the
best of motives, with the hopes that those
thus exposed will abandon this deception —
if they are guilty. With the history of the
past before us I fail to see how such conclu-
sions can be drawn. Theft, counterfeiting,
and all forms of crime and misdemeanors
are held in check, not by exposing them, but
by heavy penalties, either of fine or impris-
onment. When a man has reached that
moral plane which allows him to commit
crimes or misdemeanors, he is past being
shamed into good behavior. The only ef-
fect of exposing such men when they are en-
gaged in the adulteration of food products,
is that of prejudicing the consumer against
said product. The only thing that such men
can appreciate is the laying upon them of
the heavy hand of the law. A man may not
care to be exposed, but it is only when he
has a heavy fine to pay, or go to prison, that
the one tender spot in his callous nature has
been touched.

Years ago the bee journals began talking
al)Out adulteration of honey ; next the agri-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

107

cultural papers took it up : then Prof. Wiley
wrote what he did iu the Popular Science
Monthly, and it ran through the general
newspapers like wild lire : since then the bee
journals have "exposed" every case of adul-
teration or supposed adulteration that they
could hear of, and the result is that, in the
minds of the majority of consumers, the
term " extracted honey " has become synon-
ymous with adulteration. Continued " ex-
posures " are only continued proofs to the
public that its surmises are correct. How
any sane man can doubt that such a course
is terribly damaging to our pursuit is past
my comprehension. I do not advise silence
because of any desire to shield evil doers,
but if " exposure " does not stop the prac-
tice, and most surely does injure the pursuit,
it is the height of folly to continue it.
" But," says one, "if we don'.; do anything
the adulterators will ruin our business." It is
unnecessary to maintain a masterful inactiv-
ity. Several States now have a law against
the sale of adulterated honey not properly
labeled, and others can pass them. If the ex-
isting laws are not adequate they can be
changed and heavier penalties attached if
needed. We have a Bee-Keepers' Union
with its constitution so changed that its
money and • ower can be used for this pur-
pose. When the needed laws are secured,
then guilty parties can be prosecuted and
convicted by means of the Union, just as
successfully as bee-keepers have by it been
defended against unjust persecutions.

I am aware that there would be consider-
able difficulty in furnishing absolute proof
of adulteration, and for this reason, if for
no other, I should favor prosecution instead
of exposure. In prosecution everything
must be pi'oven, or there is no case ; in " ex-
posure " there is the temptation to report
some suspicious circumstance "for what it
is worth and allow the public to draw its
own conclusions." Take this case of Mr.
Heddon's, for instance, the Union did not
consider that there was sufficient evidence to
convict. If there is not sufficient evidence to
warrant prosecution, there is not enough for
exposure.

In closing I cannot refrain from quoting
a few lines from an editorial in the Michigan
Farmer of March 2r»th, as they express my
views exactly.

" Let the war against adulteration go on
by all means ; the Farmer has always cham-

pioned the cause of pure food products of
whatever nature, but let it be by deeds, not
words that create a sentiment against honey
that it will take years to overcome, granting
the adulteration is stopped."

exxRTxoxeD.

Making Foundation on a Press.

In Dr. Miller's " Stray Straws " I find the
following :

"Fun was poked at me for talking about
making foundation on a press without sheet-
ing. On inquiry I find that a metal press,
the Rietsche, has been in use for ten years,
the wax poured in the press without sheet-
ing, and that 6,00() such presses are now in
use. Will Review and Progressive please
correct ?"

When the good Doctor was writing the Re-
view he did not have the Reitsche press in
mind. Here is what he said :

" With the Given press there is nothing
except the melted wax thrown into the press
and tnen the wax pushed up loosely iu the
side walls."

No fun was poked at the Doctor, simply
his error pointed out. For a man who
makes a specialty of "Don't knowing,"
you ought not to feel so very bad Doctor
about this little slip.

How to Find a ftueen, and How to Clip Her
Wines Without Her Knowing it.

O that 1 had the wings of a queen !

Unless queen traps or swarm catchers are
used there is no more saccessful method of
managing swarming in a large apiary than
by having the queens clipped, and I have
never seen better directions for doing the
clipping than the following written by C W.
Dayton and published last July in Glean-
ings :

" The first determination in the clipping
of queens is the season or time of the season.
When a farmer has 200 acres of grain to cut
with one machine he watches it closely, and
begins when it is a little green, and finishes
when it is very ripe. If he should not begin
until the earliest was thoroughly ripe, the
last would be so ' dead ripe ' that most of it
would shell out so as to be hardly worth the
harvesting. One machine is able to cut
about 10 acres a day. and 20 days' time will
extend from the beginning of the ripening
to the over-ripeness of grain. It is no truer
of grain than of clipping of queens at the

1U8

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

right season, which comes when there are two
or three combs full of brood and patches of
brood in three or four other combs. Queens
may be clipped when there are only two or
three combs of brood ; but this would come
earlier in the spriug, when the warm hours
of the day are few and the mornings and
evenings are cold. The colonies being low
spirited at this time, queens are quite apt to
be ' balled,' especially if the queen has been
handled or frightened.

Then it is just as necessary to avoid letting
the season get too far advanced, as then
seven or eight combs will be filled full of
brood, making large areas to search in order
to find queens ; the brood would also extend
around the lower and side edges of the
combs, where queens would be apt to hide
and be hard to see ; there are more bees in
our way, and, what is still more, when brood
is so plentiful the queen seems to be less in-
terested in her work, and is more liable to
run from comb to comb, or even run off the
comb3 entirely on to the side of the hive.
When there are not more than two or three
combs containing brood in the hive it is
rarely that the queen will leave it ; but if
several combs are full of brood, the first de-
sire of the queen seems to be to get off from
it at once. Thus it will be inferred that the
most propitious time is after the colonies
begin to build up, and before they develop
very considerable strength ; and this period
probably does not exceed twenty days. Some
colonies would be in the best condition soon-
er than others, and it would require more or
less than twenty days, according to the num-
br-r of queens and skill of the operator.

Next after the time comes the hive. Some
may think one hive as good as another ; but
this rule is varied. It wants a hive whicW we
can get open and find the queen at her reg-
ular work undisturbed ; and the first thing
encountered is the cover. The !atter should
be flexible, so as to be removed gradually to
prevent jars or snaps. A telescopic cover of
lumber, and the frames covered with enamel
cloth, accomplishes this ; but as enamel cloth
is eaten and destroyed by the bees it is too
much trouble to keep if- renewed ; and it is
also best to have a 'V space between the cov-
er and top-bars, to avoid propolis. A solid
board is propolized around the edges, and
nearly always comes up snapping. I have
watched many removing the flat board cov-
ers, and they stand squarely behind the hive
and grasp the cover at each rear corner, and
pull straight upward steadily. When the
propolis breaks, the cover is raised suddenly
and often jumps quite out of their hands. In
thus proceeding, the motion is no less pro-
nounced than is the shock to the hive and in-
mates. It would be a little better to raise
one corner first, and, as we pry up with one
hand, push down with the other ; but even
then a stiff cover must make some report.

The most satisfactory cover I have found
is made by cleating together three or four
pieces al)Out one-fourth inch in tliifkness,
using three cleats. The cleats hold the light
lumber straight, as it has not strength to
warp like thicker boards. It allows moisture
to pass through them easily, and is quick to

become dry again. Of course, this thin light
wood could stand very little rain and sun, so
I put on another cover of tin. The dilficulty
with tin lying fiat on the ordinary board cov-
ers is, that moisture and sweat from the bees
collects on the inside and rusts the tin and
rots the wood badly. In this thin cover, the
cleats are on the upper side — one on each
end and one across the center ; and when the
tin is put on it leaves an air-space of the
depth of the thickness of the cleats. Then
the tin is tacked to the sides but not at the
ends, so that the air and moisture can escape.
This cover can be removed with the least jar
by prying up the corner ; and its bending
disposition extends gradually across the hive.

To skillfully hunt out queens, instead of
looking for a bee that is a little longer than
any other of tho multitude, we take in the
comb at a glance, and locate the queen by a
little circular cluster of bees regularly form-
ed around a central vacant spot, upon which
is one bee alone. A jar or snap in removing
the cover or lifting the frames dispels this
regularity, some bees going on the war-path
while the rest rush into clusters, with the
queen hiding promiscuously among them
with about as much disorder as it would
make for a man to enter a ballroom and ex-
claim at the top of his voice that the build-
ing was on tire.

If the colony has brood in five or six combs,
and it is earlier than eleven o'clock in the
day, we may expect the queen to be on one
of the two middle combs. If there are six
or seven combs of brood, then it should in-
clude the three middle combs. After noon,
if the sun shines warmly, she is usually near-
ly outside the brood-circle and may step
over on to an unoccupied comb ; so at this
time of the day I would not examine the
center combs first. By these observances
the (jueen may be found on the first comb
examined, one-third of the time, and the
second comb would include one-half of the
times.

If the hive were opened carefully and the
frames handled accordingly, we shall find the
qu?en busily engaged at inspecting cells and
laying eggs. At first the light does not disturb
her ; but in a moment or two she will be-
come disturbed and start oft" on a rambling
tour, so what we do should be done quickly.

Use the small scissors from the counter
store, holding them about half open ; follow
the point along three-fourths of an inch,
directly over the queen wherever she moves.
Soon she will put her head into a cell and
keep it there about two seconds. At the
same time her wings rise up at about 2.5 de-
grees, when one outside wing may be caught
and clipped «s soon as caught. This is the
easiest, quickest, and best way. One-half
of the time is usually si)ent in catching.
Now, you may try this and fail ; but the
cause of failure is generally because the
scissors are held three inches above the
queen ; then when she stops you move the
scissors to make the clip. She starts for
another cell just in time to save a wing,
^'our sudden movement attracts the atten-
tion of an attendant bee, which flies up and
alights on the points of the scissors. Becom-

niE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

109

ing somewhat vexed at this you open and
shut the scissors three or four times to cut
her legs off, and finally thrust the bee to the
ground, with a full-arm movement. This
imparts a tremulous motion to the comb,
which is held in the left hand : the queen is
disturbed ; and when the scissors return to
business you will probably try the difficult,
uncertain, and dangerous plan of catching a
wing as the queen runs, and finally conclude
that the plan works better in theory than in
practice.

It is not only best to open hives quietly and
handle frames carefully in finding queens,
but it is a good practice for all the time ; and
with the really expert apiarist it becomes
natural and customary. In the busiest part
of the day there are only a few bees that re-
main as guards ; and molestation of the hive
is so little expected that they hardly recog-
nize an intruder when he comes, so there is
no use to smoke the sentinels at the entrance ;
and the smell of smoke to a bee or two here
and there as the cover is raised is an abun-
dance. Even if t e tops c f the frames and
hive are covered with bees, there may not be
a shadow of reason to use smoke on them ;
but if there is a necessity for smoke, only a
bee or two may need it, and those may be
distinguished by the manner in which they
hold their wings or move along. Such bees
should be smoked, because ot ler bees near
them will be easily scared, and go down be-
tween the combs, and set every thing in a
panic ; so I hold the smoker-nozzle close
enough to the dangerous ones to let them
know I can stand a battle with them if neces-
sary, and this changes their threatning man-
ners.

Always go prepared with smoker at full
blast, scissors in the right hand vest pocket,
and veil on. Kneel on the left knee at the
side of the hive on which the sun shines ;
holding the smoker in the right hand, remove
the cover with the left, very slowly at first,
and use no smoke unless manybees dart out
from under it, and then the smoke should
not be driven under the cover, but it should
be directed against the hive below the cover
so that only those bees which fly out will
smell it. Sunlight is nearly as good as
smoke. When the cover is high enough, set
the smoker down and lean forward, and
quickly decide on which comb the queen is
most likely to be ; and while the left hand
carries the cover to the left, and places it
upside down on the ground, loosen the par-
ticular frame with the right. If one end of
the frame is moved backward and forward
and upward when the left hand returns to
the other end, it will be ready to be immedi-
ately raised out of the hive. While it is
coming up, search the side toward you.
When the bottom-bar has cleared the other
frames and hive, you should be ready for the
other side by moving the right hand inward
toward you, and the left hand far out, caus-
ing the comb to move as if the frame were
on a pivot in the center of the bottom-bar.
This gives a slanting view of that side, which
is always the best view : do not stop the comb
to look it over, but glance at it while it is
given to the right or left hand, and is being

set on end in front of the entrance, or
against the farther side of the hive.

While one hand disposes of this frame, the
other goes to loosen another. In clipping I
hold the frame by one projecting arm in the
left hand, and rest the opposite corner on
some part of the hive or on my knee to keep
It steady. One-half of the queens I clip
never know any thing has happened, and I
take off the most of the gauze of one outside
wmg. When I work facing the sun I lean
forward and examine the farther side of the
comb first, which will be toward the sun. as
it is lifted out.

In a description the operation appears as
if there were several separate movements ;
but in practice they are all combined or con-
tinued as one move, as neither hand comes
to a standstill anywhere, and each is engaged
in a different manipulation.

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTT.

BEFORE weighing the arguments pro and
con on the bee-fruit controversy let us
look for a moment at the fundamental con-
ditions of the matter. That insects and the
fertilizing arrangements of flowers are adapt-
ed to each other is too plain for an intelli-
gent mind to deny. But what is the main
object of tliat cross-fertilization which bees
are so wonderously inveigled into perform-
ing unwittingly ? The object is to give a
more vigorous constitution to the seedling
plants than they would have if pollen from
the same one parent fertilized the seed.
What advantage is this greater vigor of seed-
lings to the ordinary fruit grower ? No ad-
vantage at all. Those who plant seeds to
produce new varieties get the advantage,
but the man who sells only fruit don't care
what the seed might possibly produce if
planted ; he never plants any. When we
first get hold of this truth we naturally feel
as if we had been in a prize fight, and the
other fellow had scored the first knock-down.
It is our business to scramble up, and find
out whether there is anything left of us or
not.

Well, many-seeded fruits, notably the
strawberry, raspberry and blackberry, and
to a less degree the apple and pear, require
several or many pollen grains to each fruit.
To what extent are they one-sided or dwarfed
for want of a few more grains ? and would
abundance of bees insure that few more y
Here is a question of importance concerning

110

THE BEE-KEEPERS' ME VIEW.

which we ueed more and more careful in-
vestigation. Perhaps bees can do a valuable
work for the fruit-grower here.

Now as to the experiments in covering
blooms and decreasing the amount of fruit
set thereby. These still need a good deal of
verification and examination. Quite possi-
bly something else beside the honey bee has
contributed a large share to the results at-
tained. But even taking the results without
much discount, what have we ? It is tolerably
apparent that in favorable weather a. planta-
tion of almost any kind of fruit ten miles
from a bee will set more fruit than can be
grown. Part must dry up and fall off. Here
is a little tree big enough to bear 100 apples.
Without bees it sets .500, of w^ ich 400 must
fall away. Of what profit is it to turn on a
hive of bees and cause it to set 1,000, and
have yOO to fall away V Apparently no profit
at all. On the other hand in unbroken bad
weather, such as prevents fertilization, bees
cannot help, because they keep snug in their
hives in such weather. There are years how-
ever, perhaps a pretty good few of them,
when conditions are mixed, when there
would be a scant amount of fruit set without
bees, and a fuller amount with them. Pol-
len enough here and there to serve the pur-
pose, but no possibility of scattering it
widely enough during the brief hours of sun-
shine, except the bees help. In my judg-
ment this is our main hold. Let us not
weaken our position by too frantic a defense
of untenable points. The public on seeing
us driven out in disgrace will suspect that all
our positions are false.

Now the chips from the articles. Friend
Gilliland saw (!,()00 bumble-bees at one clover
patch. But his experiments show a very
high per cent, of seed from covered clovers,
.57 ; and exposing to bees only gave an in-
crease of 15. Gleanings, page 4.5. Friend
Fultz- reports a good crop of fruit in 1892
with no bees to fertilize the bloom. Also,
more recently, a big crop of seed on bass-
wood trees where during bloom frequent in-
spection showed not a single bee. In fact
basswood, as well as a multitude of fruits,
must have reproduced for centuries before
the honey bee Came to America.

During fruit bloom Prof. Cook found by
actual count, on one occasion, that honey
bees were 20 to 1 to all other insects. His
experiments with covered and uncovei-ed
flowers are somewhat startling. Of appl^
only 2 per cent, of the covered, but 20 per

cent, of the uncovered set fruit. On cherry
the ratio is 3 to 40. Of pears only 5 per cent.
set at best, and none at all when covered.
On strawberries the ratio is 11 to 17. But it
looks very probable that nature's own pro-
cesses of aerial fertilization would be greatly
interfered with by covering with cheese
cloth. The matter is important enough to
pay the expense of posting a sentinel and
keeping the bees away by hand.

I think the most import nt thing Prof.
Cook contributes is this sentence from the
raspberry report.

"In every case the fruit from tJie covered
twifrs was inferior." Gleanings, 48.

There seems to be less chance for discount
on this. It apparently shows that compoun 1
fruits require the fullest and best of fertili-
zation for the finest fruit ; just enough to
keep the incipient fruit from perishing not
being sufficient. If this is the case bees may
be quite important to the fruit man. '

Friend Smith reports an island in lake
Erie, with no bees, where apples, pears,
plums, cherries, strawberries and raspber-
ries equal to any in the state are grown.

Friend Gilliland reminds us that in the
order of creation plants were formed first.
So of course in the beginning they could not
require insects, however much they have
come to lean on insects since. But in Glean-
ings, 2?A, Prof. Cook replies that fiowering
plants • and bees both appear in the same
geological period, the Cretaceous, not flow-
ers in one age and bees in a later one.

Friend Merritt's rather interesting report
of lots of apples on the lee side of a tree, and
almost none on the windy side seems to be
explained equally well with bees and without
bees, and so to amount to nothing in evi-
dence. Wind sufficient to keep bees away
would presumably spoil natural fertiliza-
tion.

Friend Doolittle tells us that Weuham,
Mass., banished bees on a charge of injuring
the apple crop. During several years of
banishment apples did better in the sur- fl
rounding towns, and the bees were invited vH
back again.

Friend Beaton reports that cherry orch-
ardists of Vaca Valley, California, are mov-
ing to bring back bees which had been driven
away: convinced that it will pay by two
years' experience of one of their number who
put an apiary in his orchard.

Friend Crane tells us that peaches under
glass must have bees provided, else no fruit.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Ill

But the perfect stillness and other unnatural
conditions of a greenhouse doubtless spoil
nature's plan of aerial fertilization.

If the brethren could all tinker a little at
producing hybrid varieties, and so get
actually acquainted with pollen and its won-
drous ways, it would be of great help to their
judgment in the case. The trouble is that
they think pollenization a simple straight-
forward matter, like getting a little sand in
one's eyes.

Prof. Cook's last article {Gleanings, 233)
is admirable in tone and temper. He also
gives the important new fact that bees were
admitted under the covers in some of the
Michigan experiments and produced similar
results there as in the open air. Still unob-
structed open air for the bee-bereft boughs
would be much more conclusive. The fol-
lowing paragraph of his should have a hearty
Amen.

" Let us this season try to experiment so that
the blossoms shall be under precisely the same
conilitions, except for tlie presence of the bees.
Let us put aside ail bias and preconceived opin-
ions, and endeavor to settle the question. If it
shall be sliown by a most cautious line of experi-
ments, that bees are unnecessary to a full fruit-
age, and of no importance to horticulture, it
will not be the first time that theories in science
have had to be recast. So we should act in our
experiments as if the question were unsolved."'

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,

Since last time I believe it mostly holds on
the even tenor of its way. Not so much
feverish scratching around by any of the
journals as a year Ago. Some of the depart-
ments of A. B. J. are not a " sure find."
Reepen's German reports, for instance, are
only semi-occasional ; likewise also the por-
traits and biographical sketches — and of
late the Stinger has his business end chopped
off. Some of this is just as it ought to be
however. We don't want our minds lum-
bered with the history of every neighborhood
bee man ; and if we have his " phiz " set be-
fore us it will only obscure our memory of
the faces we wish to remember, which be-
long to men of national reputation. The
space gained is mostly given to Dr. Miller
and his new department of General Ques-
tions for beginners — and he won't waste it.
The latest number on my table allots five
columns to the editor, W^ to the Dr., 4 to
Mrs. Atchley, and somewhat over 4 to Query
914. Then there are 14 columns of " arti-
cles," 41^ of Convention, and 7 of Letter-
Box.

I believe I have not noticed before in these
papers the strong protest of the DadanLs

against rendering wax with acid. No good
taste and smell left in it ; and bees care
something about such matters. One of these
protests is found. A. B. J., 211.

And the senators split 13 to 13,

On clipping the wings of our lady the queen.

A. B. J., 208.

Friend Dayton thinks that by furnishing
combs, queens and some feed, one California
colony can be increased to 128 in a year. A .
B. J., 242. Let's go there.

Friend Corey figures the cost of California
honey at $2.^)0 per ton, (\2}i cts. per pound.)
A. B. J., 248. Better come away from there.

Friend Levering tells of California bees
that fly extra long distances, and often work
by moonlight. (Trying to reduce that ex-
cessive cost of honey.) A. B. J., 249.

Friend Mclntyre has a robbing wrinkle
which may, in some circumstances come in
good play. Trap the robbers and release
them at night. It's done by removing the
victimized colony and putting an empty hive
on its stand so arranged with cones inward
that bees can readily get in, but none get
out. A.B.J., 249.

Another experiment station. Nebraska
this time. The experimenter is a scientist
but not a bee-keeper. The utter inability of
such a person to weigh contirgencies prop-
erly (and there are such a multitude of con-
tingencies) must often render his conclu-
sions very inconclusive when they relate to
the practical matters of our craft. And if
they don't relate to the practical matters
will they be worth very much ? A. B. J. 2(>2.

It's just surprising how the Italian bee has
conquered all its foes. I thought there were
more dissenters. A vote on the best race re-
sults : German, 0; Italian, 1932; (Friend
Larrabee is the half man.) Carniolan, 2^2:
various hybrids, 3 : Syrian, 1. So many of the
majority are not in the queen business that
we can't lay it all to that. A. B. J., 270.

Our smallest queen breeder, Leah Atchley,
has gone into the cactus business. I sup-
pose she still offers queens, but the competi-
tion of her big mother too nearly extin-
guishes her ; so to keep busy she will send
you a cactus by mail. A. B. J., 287.

On page 304 friend Coleman speaks strong-
ly in favor of leaving the queen on the old
stand in dividing. He is right. Great waste
of queen's time to take her to a new stand —
and the queen's time is the most valuable
commodity the colony has. I may add, it is
also a great waste of eggs and young larvae

112

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

to take many of them to the new stand.
Take all the solid masses of sealed brood you
can get, and a few youn"' larvae. And then
there is another sharp wrinkle i i keeping the
two hives close side by side till the queen
cells are sealed, and making a full share of
the flying bees go in the new colony by using
disgnising-boards in front. When the final
mo/e is made most of these flying bees will
reinforce the old queen.

(Jn page HOf) friend Harmer tells the best
way to prevent after-swarms — with little
work, and all done at one operation. Get
all the bees into the swarm, hived on the old
stand, and distribute all the combs of brood
from which the swarm came — putting them
in the upper stories of extracting colonies
when there are no more nuclei that need
booming. I should call this an excellent
pla^, wherever experience proves it to work.
But if your swarm swarms again, and your
extra-big extracting colony quits gathering
and swarms also (in extra-swarming terri-
tory I should expect both these things to
happen) why then you must haul off for re-
pairs.

Mrs. C. L. Rice had five children so over-
come by eating jasmine pollen (bee-bread)
that the doctor was sent for. None died.
She suggests that all this kind of poisoning
may be done by pollen, and that jasmine
honey may be all right. Worth thinking of
at least. Does anybody know whether newly
emerged bees eat pollen ? If not of course
it must be honey that poisons them. A. B.

./., ?m.

Eugene Secor has been eating prime comb
honey eight years old, kept Jake Smith's
way. .4. B. J., 327 and Gleanings 19.

Jennie Atchley reports it as hard to intro-
duce drones as to introduce a queen. A. B.
J., 333. But I presume there would be little
difficulty if the colony wanted drones —
wanted them badly enough to be about start-
ing to raise some themselves.

More trouble with the alcohol test. Friend
Faris claims he used whiskey — a quart of it.
Couldn't see any difference between the pure
and adulterated samples, and had to try
tasting. Still no definite results till the
quart was Well nigh tasted up. A. B. J. 34G.
Discriminating powers weak— so weak he
sees no difference between himself and a
temperance man.

And this time the round-up is crowded out.
Can only find room to say that M. M. Bald-
ridge modestly passes back the credit of the

kerosene and blaze method of disinfecting
foul-broody hives to George Thomson, Ge-
neva, Illinois. The great convenience and
excellence of the plan is vouched for.

Friend Baldridge thinks he has on trial a
simpler and easier method of curing foul-
brood ; and if nothing breaks he promises to
publish it soon. We've got lots of cheerful
room for something better in that direction.
Moreover they've got down there a queer old-
style bee-keeper who, for a dozen years has
run his apiary with fair profit ; yet he has
had foul-brood all the while, and does not
try to cure it. Just " takes up " the infected
colonies before they get very bad, and in-
creases enough to keep afloat. Truly the
wisdom of the unsophisticated is sometimes
equal to "the luck of a lousy dog."

Richards, Lucas Co., Ohio, Mar. 21, '94.

ADVERTISEMENTS

I SECTIONS CHEAP.

«.

' Until sold, we will sell the sections listed

5 below, in quantities of 500 or more, at $1,50

» per thousand for creams, and $1.00 per one

5 thousand for No. 2'8; all 4'.! x 4'i.

i 41,000, 2-inch creams.

1 47.000, I'-'i inch creams.

5 116,000, 1 'a -inch creams.

5 1:54,000, 7-to-the-ft creams.

J 37,000, 2 -inch No. 2'b

5 91,000, 1 15-10 in. No. 2'8.

5 20,000, I'^B -inch No. 2.s.

5 87.000, 1 13-16 in. No. 2'8.

i ■ 253,000, 7-to-the-ft No. 2*8

} mi & KEITH, New London, Wis.

R, 4~94-tf. Please mention the Review.

SPECIAL FOR

CANADIANS.

Send postal for our Illustrated Catalog of
Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Bees, Queens, Honey and
Household Conveniences.
MYERS BROS..

Stratford, Ont., ('anada.

Please mention thi Review.

QUEENS

Smokers, Sections,

Comb Foundation
And ull Apiurian SuppUei
rheiip. Send for
K. T. FLANAtJAN, Hrllevlllr, lit.

1-94-tf, Please mention the Review^

THE BEE-KEEPEBS' REVIEW.

113

EE - KEEPEt^S,

Send for free catalogue of 70 pages, describing
Everything Used in the Rpiapy.

est Goods at Liouiest Pfiees. eitlerohica"go?st. Lou^sfMo!.

\tchinBon, Kan., St. Paul, Minn., Des Moines, Dubmiue, and Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and other

p^^''^^ E. K^ETCHJWEH, H^d Oak, lo^a.

4-94-4t

We Will Prepa^y

Freight on Root's polislied .nectious and 16 - boc-
t ion shipping cases, iii lots of 5,000 and 200 res-
p(^ctively, to be shipped from the factory to
points within 301 miles. Send for catalog.
4-94 8t B. WALKER, EVArt, f\iti).

— If you are going to —

BUY A BtIZZ - SA\Sr,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

GOLDEN

ITILIAN

QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1894. For
the price, we have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1.50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-94-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Reuiew.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

194-12t. RIVER PALLS, WIS.

Freight Paid^
If You lATish.

Yes, we WOULD be pleased to quote you
prices on supplies deliverd at YOUR railroad
station. Foundation is our specialty. Circular
free. I. J. STRINGHAM, l-94-12t

10.") Parli Place, New York, N. Y.

HATCH CHICKENS BY, STEAM

il^^^^^i^ Excelsior Incubator.

Simple, I'rr/eet, ,Self-Negu-
latin;/. Thousands in suc-
cessful operation. Guaran-
teed to hatch a larger per-
centage of fertile eggs at
less coat than any other
Hatcher. Lowest priced
first-class Batcher made
OEO. 11. BTAML, gulncy.lU.

WALTER S. POUDER,

162 Uass. Ave. Indianapolis, Ind.

Standard Goods — Popular
Prices — Catalogue Free.
"BUSY BEES"

A book telling how to man-
age them-io CIS. in stamps ; or free to
those sending names of 5 bee-keepers

Please

KNOCK DOW^N :

Yes, I have a large stock of D. T. Hives,

Supers, Frames, Sections, etc., all in the "knock

down," and ready to ship at a moment's notice.

Write at once for large catalogue and price

lint of everything needed in the apiary.

£. li. KINCAID,

3-94 tf Walker, Vernon Co., Mo.

Please mention the Reuiew,

— AND —

FIVE - BANDED, GOLDEN ITALIANS.

We are the most extensive breeders in America
of those wonderful, gray Carniolans : the hardi-
est, the best of honey gatlierers and the gentlest
bees in the world ! ('onsidering all points, we
have never fountl a race of bees ( and we have
tried them all ) that could compare with them.
A complete description of this wonderful race
of bees will be sent ti> all who write and ask for
it. Bee-keep|ing fri<mds, give the gray Carnio-
lans a fair trial, and you will be convinced that
what we say of them is true.

Our five - banded, golden Italians are guaran-
teed to be the equal of any in this country, as
regards gentleness, hardiness and working qual-
ities, as we follow the best known methods for
producing first - class, business queens. Our
queen rearing apiaries are four miles apart
with lake George between the two races. Prices
of queens of either race are as follows.

May June July Aug.
One untested queen, $1.25 $1.00 75 65
" Tested " 2.50 2.00 1.50 l.t'5

Prices on large orders, imported and best
breeding queens sent upon application. 3-94-tf

B F. A. LOGKHART&GO., |1|

/^ Lake George, N.Y. (^

114

THE BEE-KEEPERS' MEVIEW.

Dew ppocess, GToHib Koundation,

^ Something really new in foundation. Deep ceUs combined with a thin base, manufactured J
■j by a new process that leaves the foundation the softest of any made. You will hear all about *
M it soon; in the meantime, send for free samples to THE BURWETT CO-, l.u<lIo>Ar, Ky. \

Get our figures before selling your beeswax.

Please mention the Review.

««.*^«n*^«.*n«^^«n«^»««^^«»«'Rtf«jr»^^«^««*«^<mK'<««^^<^^rf«««.«^»<»^i'»«^ir«,«'««'"*«i^«<ir»«^*"t^Rir»ir"jr«<m«^««»ir««»«-»^»«^*«^^<^rf«

Muth's ::;

lONEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
>ld-Blast Smokers
S^uzire GIz^ss Honey ^z^r;. Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

1-94-tf. Please Mention the Reuiem,

All of my

Q-criEEiiNrs

are bred from ('has. D. Duvall's stock of golden
5 - banded, Italians. Sample of bees sent free.
Out of 1,500 queens sold in 1893 only one was lost
in shipping. Send for price list. 4-94-1 1

N. H. SMITH, Box 2, Tilbury Center, Ont, Can.

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. Colwiok, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 1893 ) for »1.25. Untested
queens in April or May at $1.00 each or $9.00 per
dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be shipped when wanted.
2-94-tf J. N. COLWICK, Noree, Texas.

Please mention the Reuieuj.

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. land No. Z, Write foi
special prices on winter orders in large or small
lots, including all other Supplies. Also Berry
Crates and Baskets made up or in flat.

Address, BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,
l-94-6t Berlin Heights, Ohio.

GOL0[N • ITALIllN • OUEENS,

The best of untested, five - banded Italian
queens at "75 cts in May. Untested queens
from imported stock at the same price. Tested
queens, reared last season from imported stock,
90 cts each in April. 3-94-tf

W. A. COfflPTON, LpiYille, Teiiii.

Ulnslraiefl AivertisemeDts Attract Attention.

Cuts Furnislied for all illnstrating Purpses.

The House Apiary

Is the most profitable place for keeping bees,
but a special outfit is required to secure the best
results. Having special machinery and other
facilities for getting out these outfits I have de-
cided to make a specialty of building and fitting
up house apiaries for others. ( 1 already have
contracts for the building of two in the spring.)
I can furnish hives, honey boards, supers, bee
escapes, swarm catchers, ete. I can also fur-
nish fine Italian bees with which t<) stock the
houses. Plans for building furnished to those
wishing to build their own houses. Correspon-
dence solicited.

ITALIAN QUEENS.

I have also decided to furnisli Italian queens
reared by an experienced breeder in a yard de-
voted to that special branch of tlie business.
Untested queen, $1.00; tested, $2.00; select
tested, for breeding, $3.00. Safe arrival guaran-
teed. Write for prices by the quantity.

B. TAYLOR, Forestville, Minn.

QIIPPI IFQ Such as Hives Sections. Founda-
<^^^* * *—**^<j TiON. Extractors, and Everything

RPP _

I J r I Else Used by a Bee - keeper. Also Clover Seed, Buck-
^■•^ *■■ *■- WHEAT, BEES andQUEENS. Large Wholesale and Retail
Catalog Free, immense stock. "*" n%/r»i-i«i« .irkr-n _ .. .

Address

s^UttlMS). LARGE wholesale AND KETAIL

JOS. NYSEWANDER, Pes Moines, Iowa.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' J:L\ JEW.

115

Bingham Perfect Smokers.

Cheapest and Best on Earth .
Patented 1878, 1882 and 1892.

FR,IOES OF-

Perfect Smokers and Bimtiaiii & Bemeriitoii Houey Kiiiyes.

..$1.95
. 1.75
.. 1.25
.. 1.00
. .70
.. .65
.. 1.10

one time, . .

... $.3..50

.... :i(K)

.... 2.25

.... 1.90

1.80

.... 1.20

.... 2.10

6 Doctors, '.v., incli $7.00 1 per mail $1.95 2 per mail at

6 C'on(iuerorK, 3 inch, 6.00 < " .> -

6 Large, 2' o inch, 4. .50

6 Extra, 2 " 3.75

6 Plait* 2 " 2.40

6 Wonders, 19i inch, 2. .50

6 Knive.s, 4.50

*The Plain does not have the coiled steel wire handle, neither the bent cap for throwing the
smoke at right angles. All the others have all our new improvements.

The movable bent cap enables the operator to instantly change a curved shot to a straight one,
and vice versa, thus tl)rowing smoke downward without spilling ashes ; add.s durability and conven-
ience and is cheaply replaced if injured. The wire handle is always cool for opening and closing the
smoker when re-filling with fuel, which should be sound, dry stove wood.

T. F. BINOHAl^, Atoronia,, MicH.

Here is a copy of a letter from the largest producer
of comb honey in the world.

"Chebry Valley, N. Y., Feb. 15, 18S4.
Bingham & Hetherington,

Messrs. — I use the Bingham &
Hetherington honey knife and the Bingham smoker
in my business, because they are more effective for
the purpose than any I have yet found.

J. E. Hetherington,"

Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knife.

Patented May 20. 1879.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER,

WRITE U5

Before ordering yt>ur sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

c=im^a^^[

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We liave everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

Jan. 1st, 1,S94.

d. FOi?NCf?ooK & CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

Ready to Mail;,

ITALIAN QUEENS

Carefully reared from the best imported and
home-bred, five - banded mothers, and tested for
all good qualities. Tested queens. $1.00 each.
Untested, 75 cents, each, or $8.00 per dozen.

Orders filled promptly and safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.

4-94- tf J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

Loreauville, La.

Money order New Iberia.

Please mention the Review

Given Aw2iy,

Our new catalogue of Bees and Bee-Keepers'
Supi)]ies to any sending their address. It con-
tains tlie latest prices on HI^E5r CR/\TE5,
SECTI07»(S, FOU/SDATIOW, and the new

Htirer FEEDER; one of the best feeders in
the market —just the thing for spring feeding.

OLIVER HOOVER 6- CO.,

4-94-tf Riverside, Pa.

116

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW,

t's Foundation

Was awarded World's Fair medal. Dealers and others, write for samples and prices. %)

Large, Illustra- f;
ted Price List of everything needed in the apiary sent free; it also contains a large ^

4-!)4-4t I

The finest polished Sections and Dovetailed Hives in any quantity,
ng needed in the apiary sent free; it also
amount of information. Address M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.

SNOW WHITE
SECTIONS

^y^m\D\J per 1,000; Dovetailed Hives,
nailed up, $1.00 each; l'/2 story hives, furnished
for comb honey, $1.50 each; comb foundation
and a full line of bee-keepers' supplies. Twenty
page price list free. U, M. KINZIE ,

1.94-tf Rochester, Mich.

Please mention the Review.

New Heddon Hive

FOR

GANiDA.

ll-93-tf

Having bought the Canadian
patent on the- above hive I am
prepared to supply it in any com-
bination to the bee - keepers of
Canada. Circulars of interest to
all mailed free. Write for one.
A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

Please mention the Review,

GOLOEN QU[[NS from mki

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAl'TY AND (GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— March, April and Maj —
$1 00 each. 150 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders, $1.50 each. Order early. Sf^nd for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,

4-91-6t Box 3. Lisbon . TEX

Please mention the Reviem

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOIi 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. Au8:usta, Georgia.

.''.ci.ae tnetiiiori the Review.

The Best,

Is what I
mean to give
my patron*!.

DRONES

arc from selected motlitiis;
BREEDERS are from the
ijcst of m.\ own otock and that
of other breeders. Personal
attention and assiduous care
are given to the rearing of
nueeus, no pains being spared
to have them Of the highest
type for business. Untested
(lUeens of the five - bandod
strain NOW READY
tor delivery at fluu; »ix lor
$4 75 ; one doz.. $8.50. During
May and June, single queen, 75 cts ; six for $4.00;
one doz., $7.50 ; after June, six for $3.50 ; one
doz., $6.50. Tnree - band tested, $1.25; golden
tested, $1.50 and up. Safe arrival and satisfac-
tion guaranteed. For particulars, write for cir-
cular. Make money orders payble here. ll-9.S-tf

J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St , N Y. CHy.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

7H€ mZM 8Ce fOVHJ) X7 LJiST {

A Superior 5tra.in of CoI<Ien ItAliz^os

The result of thirteen years' careful breeding and selection. They are gentle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter the sections readily, cap their honey the whitest,
are not inclined to swarm, and are second to none in beauty. : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of young
queens, warranted purely mated, in April and Mav, $1.25 each; six for $(5.00. In
June, $1.00 each; six for $5.00. From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $1..')0.
The price of tested queens, bees by the poun<l, nuclei and full colonies given ui)on
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

SECTIOrt5, $2.00 per 1,000. Dovetailed Hives at i)ott<)m prices. For full ^^^"^^

particulars, send tor descriptive catalogue. l-9J-tf

C. D. DUVALL, Spenoerville, Mont. Co., Maryland.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

117

Dr. J. W. CRENSHAW, Versailles, Ky., Offers for S^^^

At $1.00 each ; after July let., 75 cts. Only the yellowest ( " 5-banded " ) variety, and as good queens
as anybody can rear. Bred from only the beet mothers possible to obtain. Imported slock mated
to yellow drones, same price. Any of Root's goods at his prices. Send for circular. Book your
orders now and get your queens and supplies when needed. Queens ready in May. 3-94-tf

VICK'S

Char-i.

Ill -is n
I I I

r.ocliester,

1894.

The Pioneer Catalogue of Vege-
tables and Flowers.

Contains il2 pages 8 x 10 1-2 in.,
with descriptions that describe,
not mislead ; illustration! that
instruct, not exaggerate.

The cover isclnuiiiiiigiii luu-
moniousbleiiilinjfof watur idl-
er prints in giecn and wliito,
with a gold background, — a
dream of beauty. 32 pages ni
Novelties printed in 8 diflerent
colors. All the leading novel-
ties and the best of the old va-
rieties. These hard times you
cannot afford to run any risk.
Buy HONEST (;OOD.S wlieie
you will receive ri'Iil^ 3IKA.S-
URE. It is not necessary to ad-
vertise that Tick's seeds grow, tin's
is known the world over, and also
that the harvest] ays. A very lit-
tle spent fjr projitr seed will save
grocer's and doctor's I'ills. Jlaiiy
concede Tick's Floral Guide tlie
handsomest catalogue for 1: i)4. If
you love a fine garden send ad-
li 1 1 tents, whicli niay be deducted from
$360 Cash Priz s for Potatoes.

N.v. JAMES VICK'S SONS.

BIG DISCOUNT

on foundation and sec-
tions. Thin foundation
.50 cts. per Hi ; brood 40
cts. No. 1 sections, $2.75

per M. Eveything cheap ; price list free.

t-94-6t E. H. TRUMPER, Bankers, Mich.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOIIDATIOH

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat - Bottoni Foniidatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,
(sole MANtTFAOTUREBS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont..Co.,N-Y

Please mention the Review.

FIl£I< : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-12t

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

Queens, ^ Sen^aforPnccnjt. ^ ^
rtUCieif • s. D. /^cUEAW,

Colonies

Please mention tlie Review.

GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN

SECTIONS.

Our white poplar and basswood sections
will surely please you. Eight - to - the - foot
poplar, seven - to • the - foot and 1 'a basswood,
all 4^4 X 4^4 inches square. Prices of either kind :
500, $1.50; l,00t), $3.00; 2,000, $5.75; 3,000, $8.30;
4,000, $10.80; 5,000, $13.25. Samples free.

0. H. TOWNSEND,

2-94-tf

Alamo, Kal. Co., Mich.

Illustrated Catalogue free upon application-

5 5

J \ special Topics.

J 5 If there ie any one thing more than another that has made the REViEWwhat it is,

' i it is its discussion of " Special Topics ;" the gathering together in one number of the J J

5 5 best that is known, of the latest views of the best men upon some special topic. Like f \

* » a lens, the Revikw brings together the lines of thought, and so illustrates the subject j j

* S that it can be clearly seen and understood. While many of the most important sub J S
i 5 jects have been thus discussed, new ones are continually coming up, and some new % %
f J discovery often puts an old idea in a new light, hence the Review will always find a j j
! ! fruitful field in the discussion of special topics. ! S

» ; One Journal. 5 J

' ' * 3

* * In the main, the contents of our bee journals are made up of original matter. From » »
i I the very nature of the case, the value of this matter greatly varies. Many bee-keepers J 1
t i cannot afford to take more than one journal, neither have they the time to read all of | i
g jj the journals, and to be able to find all the most valuable matter of all the jour- » j
' ' nals brought together, condensed, reviewed and criticised, is a blessing to the busy J J
M 1 man, and to the one who "can afford only one journal." To thus furnish the cream i t

* » of the other journals is the province of the Review. J *

5 5 Travels Rmong Bee - Keeper's- ' ^

5 5 To make the best possible bee journal an editor ought not to sit down in his 5 5

{ I office from one year's end to the other. He ought to have an apiary of his own, to J J

5 5 attend conventions, and visit bee-keepers at their homes. Not only will this enable 5 ij

5 5 him to keep in touch with his readers, but by visiting apiaries he will run across » 5

S ' ideas, implements and methods of which the general mass of bee-keepers is igno- J J

* « rant, their possessors being so accustomed to them that it never occurs to them { 1^
5 5 that everybody does ijot know of them. In the summer of 1894, in company with 5 •
K K his camera, the editor of the Review expects to visit a large number of bee-keep- J {
5 5 ers. making extended trips through Canada, the Eastern, Middle and Western States; * 5
5 5 and the Review will contain illustrations and descriptions of the bee-keepers i 5
J ■ visited, their homes, families, apiaries, implements, methods, etc. 5 J
5 5 Expepimental Hpieultufe. j j

5 5 'a -■

5 5 Last year a few bee-keepers of Michigan worked hard and spent some money j 5

' ! in so forcibly bringing before the State Board of Agriculture the necessity for an i i

5 5 experimental apiary, that S'lOU were appropriated for that purpose, and the Hon. R. 55

5 5 L. Taylor appointed apiarist. He has proved most emphatically to be " the right j j

* ' man in the right place." All through the year experiments of a practical nature ! i
5 5 are under way, and the results are given in the Review AT ONCE, months and % {
5 5 months before they appear in the official report. Securing these reports and plac- J j

* « ing them before the public while they are fresh and can be at once utilized is one i J
5 5 of the best things that the Review has ever done for bee-keepers. % t
5 5 * '
5 5 Hasty's I^evieuu. ? «
« « ' *
S S E. E. Hasty needs no introduction. No other apicultural writer approaches him » r
5 5 in bright, quaint, original expressions. Coupled with this is a thoruough knowl- 5 5

* ; edge of practical bee culture, and he is to use these two accomplishments the com- j j
» ' ing year in helping to make the •'Extracted Department" of the Revisw. He is to J i
5 5 read all of the journals, and then criticise their contents in that inimitable way of 5 5
! * his. The Review is also to come in for its share of criticism. Probably no feature of ; J
J S. the Review for 1894 will be more interesting or profitable than " Hasty's Review." i !

\ i At the ppont. i J

3 5 » ■•

I g The Review strives most earnestly to stand in the front rank; to publii-h ad- J J

« « vanced ideas before they have become a matter of history; to bo interesting, enter- « «

5 5 prising, wide awake, up with the times, and brimful of ideas that are especially 5 5

* ■ ■ ■
S I helpful to the honey-producer. * *

M * , Ha

4 i^ Ha
mm a a

•. ■. ■ •

ThJs Issue of the Review Is Sent to a Large Number of Bee - Keepers
who are not Subscribers, and it is for Their Benefit (and Mine) that this
page and the Preceding one are Inserted.

BACK NUMBERS.

Most people prefer to have tlieir subscriptions
to journals begin with the year, and this plan is
nleo more convenient for the publisher; for
these reasons I have printed large editions of
the Review from the beginning of 1894; and to
Those who would now like to subscribe I should
be ^ad to furnish back numbers beginning with
the

January

Issue, in which R. L. Taylor writes of
"Apicultural Work at Experimental
Stations;" Rambler tells of "Some
Things California Bee-Keepers do not
Want ;"' Dr. Miller explains why, in his
opinion, " Given Foundation Went out
of the Market ;" he also gives a caution
in regard to wintering bees in heated re-
positories ; Jas. Heddon gives his views
as to how the Review should be con-
ducted ; he also says why the Given press
was dropped ; Elmer Todd writes of his
experience with foul brood and explains
when hives need boiling and when they
may not; B. Taylor explains the '"Advan-
tages of House Apiaries for Wintering
and Springing Bees and for Stimulative
Feeding;" and S. ( 'orneil gives his ex-
perience with two (lueens in one hive.
The

February

Number contains a most excellent arti-
cle by R. L. Taylor on " Foul Brood, its
Symptoms and Cure ;" S. Cornell writes
on the "Propagation and Dissemina-
tion of Foul Brood ;" Rambler shows
" When Sealed Covers are not Objection-
able;" R. McKnight explains "Where
Honey Comes From;" Oliver Foster
writes very clearly upon " The Essential
Qualities of Foundation and how to Se-
cure Them ;" There is an editorial '" lead-
er " on " How to Make the Best Founda-
tion ;" C. W, Dayton writes on "Bee-
Escapes, how to put Them on and how
they save Labor and Prevent Robbing ;"
and J. A. Green difcusses this question :
"Is Bacillus Alvei the Germ of Foul
Brood ? " In the

March

Review R. L. Taylor says which smoker
and which bee escape are his preference
and he gives the reasons why ; aside from
this article, the rest of the correspon-
dence in this number relates to Founda-
tion, the different methods of making it,
the manipulation of wax, etc., the fol-
lowing men writing on the subject : Jno.

Myers, C. A. Hatch. M. H. Hunt, C. P.
Dadant, J Tan Deusen, E. T. Flanagan,
and Dr. A. B. Mason. The information
brought out is of a very practical and
valuable character. There is also an il-
lustration and description of what is
probably the best fonndatiou fastener
yet brought out. There are two half-
tones giving glimpses of parts of the Re-
view apiary, in which a cheap style of
spring protection is illustrated.
In each issue, there are, of course, the usual
number of short editorials, also Hasty 's "Com-
ments on Current Bee Writings."

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

ELVAER HUTCHINSON,
Vasszir, A\icbJsa^n» ^^5 a Jot of
Erppty Hives ap^ Gornbs to sell.
They are of two 5tyle5, tbe L.
an«J the Mew He<J«Joo. Write for
prices ao«J Particulars.

Tested

Queens are usually sold for $2.00. I will
explain why I wish to sell a few at less
than that. As most of my readers know,
I re queen my apiary each spring witli
young

Queens

From the South. This is done to do
away with swarming. If done early
enough it is usually successful. It will
be seen that the queens displaced by
these young queens are never more than
a year old; in fact, they are fine, tested.
Italian queens bight in their prime ;
yet, in order that they may move off
quickly, and thus make room for the
untested queens, they will be sold for

only

$ I .oo.

Or I will send the Review for 1894 and
one of these queens for only $1.75. For
$2.00 I will, send the Review, the queen
and the book " .\dvanced Bee Culture."
If any prefer the .voung, laying queens
from the South, they can have them in-
stead of the tested queens, at the same
price. A discount given on large orders
for untested queens. Say how many are
wanted, and a price will be made.

W. I. HUTCHINSON, Flint, MicH,

120

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made iu the best possible maniter, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax— that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed:
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. Qf^S. DADANT & SON, HaiTliltOn, IIIS.

4-94-l2t Pl-'ase mention the ReuiK >.

-X-

1
I

W. R. STIRLING, Bee-Reeucrs' Sugies

MANUFACTUHEB OF

Tlie Mel Bee - Hlye,

Fnmies, Sections, Feeders,
Smokers, Extractors, Houey
Cans, Shipping C'ases, Bee
Veils, etc., also breeder of

Italian Queens.

4.94.4t Send for price list to

Rondean, Box 9, Ontario, Canada.

At panic pricew; No. 1
sections, 4^4 x 4'.i x 1'b or
7 to-the foot. 500 for $1M;
1,000 for $3.00; 5,0*) for
$12.50. No. 2 sections, $2.00
per 1,' (XJ. Write for ree
catalogue and price list to
J. J BRADNER,
2-94 :it Marion, Ind-

BEE - HIVE.

Send me Your Name ^^S/

send my pamphlet '' How 1 produce comb hon-
ey," and my catalog of apiarian supplies free
4-94-3t GEO. E. HILTON, Fremont, Mich.

^^^^ \/ Queens rank with the best in

g^g\ 9 the world. I rear none ex-

■ I ■ cept the best Italians bred for

III business, beauty and all good

III (lualities. I strive to excel, and

1^1 have shipped to every State and

■ I to foreign countries, and if I have

M m '^^ dissatisfied customer, I don't

r A know it. A large number of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and

5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 baud, $3.00. Untested,

$1.00. Reference, A. I. Moot. W. H. LAWS,

2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

'^lease mention tfie Rp.uieui,

e-Keeper; also our beautifully illustrated catalogue

GRAY CARNIOLAN

Bees«nd Queens will be bred fors-ale thecomintr
season by JOHN ANDREWS, Patten's Mills.
N. Y. They winter well and breed up rapidly.
Hence are well adapted to both Northern and
Southern latitudes. Send for circular. 3-94 tf

Please mention the Reuieuj.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by ('. \\'.
('ostellow. and 1 should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

The Progbessive Bee- Keeper is tht-
i;uiie of a journal for which you ought to
iibsc'ibe. Although the price is only 50
;tH., the journal is first-class iu every re-
spect. Dr. Miller calls it " the really pro-
gressive, Progbessive." During the past
year it has received more favorable notices
from tlie bee-keeping press than has any
other journal. Its subscription list is six
times wiiat it was a year ago when taken
in charge by Mr. Leahy.

We are also the largest manufacturers of
apiarian supplies west of the Mississippi.
Kindly send us your name and we will send
you a sample copy of the Phoobessive

of apiarian supplies.

LiEJA^Xiir Mi'in^O- OO., Higginsville, l-Iissoviri.

MAY, 1894.

At Fliqt, Micl^igaq,— Oqe Dollar a Year.

122

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

flOVEHTISIflG l^ATES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent. »

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing liist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00).

American Bee Journal. . . . ( 1.00) .
Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00) .
American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50) .
Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50).

Bee Keepers' Guide ( .50) .

Apiculturist ( .75) .

Bee-Keepers' Enterprise . . ( .50) .

.$1.7.5.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 1.30.
. 1.40.
. 1.65.
. . 1.40.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy. — All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all foar sides ; both wood and comb uiisoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1. — All sections well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark," etc.

CHICAGO. 111. —The Chicago market has
plenty of honey, and 14c seems to be the outside
price obtainable. Any thing that will not grade
strictly No. 1 must be sold at 12 to 13. Large
quantities have been sold, but the supply is at
present in excess of the demand. Extracted
finds ready sale at 6 to &% for Northern honey ;
Southern, in barrels, 5. Beeswax, 22 to 24.

Dec. 19.

S. T. FISH & Co.,
189 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, 111. — Comb honey is selling in
small lots, when choice, at 14 to 15 cts ; off
grades are hard to dispose of. Extracted is of
slow sale at 5 and 6 cts. Beeswax is in good de-
mand at 25 cts for pure goods.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Mar. 7. 161 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— There is a liberal stock of
honey on hand and trade is dull, but we expect
to clean out all this month and next. We quote
as follows : Fancy white, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 white,
11 to 12; fancy dark, 8 to 9; No. 1 dark, 7 to 1]4\
white extracted, 6 ; dark, 5 ; beeswax, 25 to 30.
BATTERSON & CO.,

Mar. 7. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.-The demand for all kinds
of honey, is very light. We quote as follows:
No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1 amber, 13 to 14; fancy
dark, 10 to 12; No. 1 dark, 10; white extracted,
7 to 754; amber extracted, 6; dark extracted, 5;
beeswax, 20 to 22.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,
521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

Mar. 7.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— The market is very
weak at present, but, evidently will be better
later on. We quote as follows : Fancylwhite, 16
to 17 ; No. 1 white, 15 ; fancy amber, ISVz to 14 ;
No. 1 amber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 ; white extracted,
6V2 to 7; amber extracted, 6 ; dark extracted, 5!4.

J. A, SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.
Jan. 2.

CHICAGO 111.— The honey market is very dull
at last month's quotations ; but we have moved
considerable stock at 13 cts and believe that 13 to
14 will rule for the balance of the season. There
is plenty of inquiry for beeswax with none to of-
fer. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 13 to
14 ; No. 1 white, 13 ; fancy amber, 12; white ex-
tracted, 5 to 6 ; beeswax, 25.

J. A. LAMON.

Mar. 7. 44 & 48 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

NEW YORK, N. Y.-The demand for comb
honey has almost ceased, while the market is yet
well stocked. In order to move round lots, the
prices given must be "shaded." Extracted is in
fair demand, but the supply is abundant. Bees-
wax meets with a ready sale at the prices given.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 11 to 12 ; No.
1 white, 10 to 11; fancy amber, 11 ; fancy dark,
9; white extracted, 5-^ to 6; amber extracted,
5}^; dark extracted, 5; beeswax, 27 to 28.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
Mar. 9. 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

Texas Reared
Golden Italian Queens

BRED for BUSINESS and BEAUTY, March,
April and May, Untested, $1.00; Tested, $1.50.
After, Untested, 75c. ; Tested, $1.00. Remit by
P. O. Money Order, or Registered Letter. Price-
ListFree. W H. WHITE,

5.94.tf Deport, Lamar Co,, Tex.

Champion ncubators

BROODERS

' WRITE FOR CATALOGUE

f/XMOliS J^f'g.Qd.

"crN^rsxs^CHIC/^GO.Li.S.A.

Is ag-ain being- ag^itated to some extent in the bee journals.
There are conditions under which it will pay, and pay
well, to plant for honey alone, but the}' are very few ; there
are oLher conditions under which it will pa}- to plant, or
to secure the planting of, such useful crops as will yield
honey; and there are localities in which neither will prove
profitable. You may lose by not planting- and you may
lose more by planting- ; better read what the book. Ad-
vanced Bee Culture has to say on the subject. It may
put money in^your pocket, or save that already there.

Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSO^I, Flint, JWich.

GO TO

HEAD
QUARTERS

FOR 4 AND 5 BANDED

^ m'rr(\!^

Special, breeding queen, .. Sri.rO

Best, select, tested, 3.00

Tested, 2.50

Untested 1.00

" per dozen, 9.00

Z_. L. HEARN.
7-9a.tf Oakvnle -W. Va

f-lease mention tlie Reuieti;.

'®)

Fincb'5 Poupclzitiop,

MADE BY

Ad Irnproved Proce^?,

IS THE
SEE SAMPLES FROM

w. J. mncH Jr.,

Sprii7gfi«N, iIIinoi5. 4-W-4t

EE SUPPLIES!

1 Send for free cop v of IL.1.XTSTR ATED

F CATAr,OGVTE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G. Newman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

For Bc^ainnorc; PnopiTRBiiE qbb^^bbpiho

■ ^* •■^V>*'/'/V* ^ By Mrs. Jennie Atchley, of Texas.

In the first number <if the American Bee Journal for May, 1-"J4, Mrs. Jennie Atchley com-
mences her School of Profitab e Bee-Keeping. She tjoKins at the vc-ry bottom, and freely gives the
results of her '.io years" experience in Successful Honey-Rroduciion and Queen-Rearing. It you
want to learn nearly everything aljout Bees, r^cw is tbe cb^nce. Subscribe for the '• bee .Jour-
nal " for a year, and read what Mrs. Atchley has to say in her dej>artment—" In Sunny Southland."
Her "School " will continue indefinitely. Tuition Free.

The B£e Journal was ostablisted in 18Bi,has32 pAges «;very wccl^, and costs only $1.00 a
year. It contains the writings of the best and most successful bee-keepers in .\merica. Sample
Copy Free. Also, 200-PAGE BOOK (Newman's " Bees an i Honey i Free to each /Veiv Subscriber
for a year. Better begin with the first number in May. I' ry up !

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, ILLS.

124

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cat represents our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOE OATALOOUE, PBIOKS, ETC.,
l^ddress W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills

GOLDEN ITALIANS.

If you want bees that are large, beautiful,
very gentle and great honey galherers, try my
Golden Italians. They are pronounced very
fine by W. Z. Hutchinson and many others.
Satisfaction guaranteed. One untested queen,
80 cts., three for $2.00. One warranted queen,
$1 (JO, three for $^.50. Tested queens, $1..W each.
Selected, teste;! queens, $2.00 each . 3-94-tf

C. M. HICKS, Hicksvillp, Wash. Co., Md.

Bees

Bees.

If you contemplate buying Bees and Queens
the coming season, write for special prices to

;<-94-tf

FoPt Jennings. Ohio.

/F YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.' 0
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, t^alifornia for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discouts to the Trade.

Please mention the Reutew.

Your

ATTEf^TlON,

PLEASE.

One untested queen in Juno, f i.OO

One " " .July to Sep., 7.5

Six "' queens, in June, 5 00

Six " " July to Sep., 4.00

One 2-frame Nucleus in June, 2.75

Ono4-frame " " .. 4.00

All nuclei contain untested queens. Send for cir-
cular and sample of my 5-Bzin<le<I B^ZiUties.

J, F. niCHAEL,

l-94-9t German, Darke Co. Ohio.

I Have Everything

Needed in the Apiary. Latest Improve-
ments. Best Quality. Bottom Prices. My
Strain of GOLDE ITALIAN BEES have
few Equals. Send for Price List.
3-94-tf E. F QUIGLEY. Unioville, Mo.

Ita^lia^o Queers

AND NUCLEI.

Five and Three-Banded, bred in separate yards
twelve mile.-i apart. Warranted Queens, 75 cents
each ; three for $2.00 ; tested, $1.00 Good's intro-
ducing cage sent extra with each (iiieen. Strong
Nucleus with warranted queen, 21 rame, for $2.( 0 ;
3-frame for $2.50 ; 4 frame for $3 00. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed. Special prices on large orders.
J. H. GOOD,
l-94-12t Nappanee, Ind

AGEMTS To

Han«Jle th^ Best
Fire A\at A\a<Je,
an«J Other Kitchen
5pecialties. Prices
Low^r Tbz^n tb^
Lowest. a-94-3t

( Saroplc PrcpzvitJ, 20 ct?. i

FLETCHER FIRE A\AT CO.,

6 w. p^Afi 5t., Cincinnzvti, Obio.

^SlexjU Customers aPe U-lhat ux^ noui LUant.

We always keep our old customers by FAIR DEALING and giving FULL VALUE.
Our 1894 catalogue of all kinds of

BEE -SUPPLIES

( ESTABLISHED 14 YEARS.) Jamestown, N. V,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

125

I Names of Bee - Keepers. I

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

la m

IISIHBIHBBHClBBBBEJigBBBHBEiBBiaEBB

The names of my customers, and of those ask
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States),
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W.Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

EE SUPPLIES!

, Send for free copy of IliI^USTR ATED

I CATALOGTJE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G. Newman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

P/tiuse incut, on the Reuieu.:

I . . .. - .. I

Out on the Prairie,

Away from other varieties of bees, I rear
Italian queens that cannot be excelled
for Beauty, Gentleness, and Business
Qualities ; and I offer them for April
delivery at the following prices : —

One Untested Queen, 80 cents ; three
for $2 25; six for $4.00. Tested, $1.25;
select, tested breeder, yellow to the tip,
$1.50. 3-94-tf

G E. DAWSON, Carlisle, Ark.

Please mention the Reuiew.

GOLDEN

ITALIAN ^^.

QUEENS,

Reared by the Doolittle method, at 75 cents each
for untested queens. Breeding queens, the very
best. $4 00 each. Nuclei, $1 u<i per frame. Full
colonies of Italians, f 6 .00 each. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranlecd or money refunded.
Send for price list. F. A. CROWELL.
:i-94-tc (iranger. Fill. Co., Minn.

[Money Order Ojfjcp, Cresco, Iowa )

THE "llSPINWilLL."

1. The most perfect Hive ever
offered the public.

2. It has Closed - End Frames,
which can be more rapidly handled
than any other frame, wi< liout kill-
ing a single bee.

3. The Top-Bars project over the
Hive ends, allowing easy and rapid
handlii g of the Frames. This fea-
ture favors narrow ppaces betwtrn
the bars, and makes tlie most perfect
non-burr-comb frame ex(ant.

4. They can bo manipulated
without working with fii gi rs among
the bees, or having them daubed
with propolis.

5. The hive may be contracted or
expanded as desired.

6 The frames are provided witii
an improved and rapid method of
putting in comb foundation

7, The frames are L. in size, We
also make a deep frame hive L.
length.

Send for illustrated circular.

The Aspinwall Manufacturing Co., Jackson, Mich.

15:6

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HE VIEW

Strepgtb of Blajt

Is not the only good feature of the Smokers we manu-
facture. They are strong and well made. Of the Clark Cold Blast we have
sold over 1,50.000 ; and the Crane Hot Blast— well, although new it is taking
like "hot cakes."

CORRUGAT

The new '94 model Crane
is a beauty AmoiiK some
of its (listinguishiiiK fea-
tures are an improved

Cb«cK-N?2klvc,

a device that forcefi the
air through the cup, even
when crammed with fuel,
and at the same time pre- (C
vents smoke from goinf^
into the t)e]lovvs ; a

Hing««i Top

secured by a malleab'e-
iron hinge accurately
niiiled ar tlif .inint so that

the top will fly squareJy j^ --

in place. No need of %
burning fingers ill repl'-n- ""-^^
ishing, nor hsingtlio lop ^v,

off.

Tb« Lining

this year consists of airbi s-
tos sheeting around the
outside of tiie fire-cup; and

over this still is a neat
corrugated shield. This
combination is tlie most
effective of anything we
liave ever tried. And last
but not least, the cup is
secured by four small
HOLTS, noi screws.

Pries of Crane Smoker,
each in a neat telescope
pasteboard box, $1.60;
or prepaid, SI. 95. Deal-
ers, write for wholesale
prices.

N. B.— We are the au-
thorized manufacturers.

Don't forget that our
polished

Sections
cannot bo excelled. Send
for our oi page catalog,
and sample of (tLEANINGS
IN Bee - Culture.

J^. I. K,OOT, IMeciixia., 0]aio.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at tine Review.

WHY BUY'

Untested queens when I will WARRANT my
queens purely mated and to give satisfaction.
If you have never tried my queens, send
65 cts. for one. Only one (jueen at this price
and tlien onl;, to a new customer. Regular
price, $1 (10. Be sure to mention the Review.
Swedona, Ills.
(M.O. office. Cable.)

S. F. TREGO,

Phase mention the Review*

Money Returned

TO ALL BDYIN&

Porter Bee-Escapes

And not finding themselves perfectly satisfied after testing them. Leading bee-keepers everywhere
use and higldy recommend them as great labor saving implements and as the BEST. No others re-
ceived World's Fair Award. Without giving them a trial it is impossible to realize how much of the
most vexatious, annoying and disagreeable work they save. With them the surplus honey can at
all times be taken from the hives unstained by smoke, uninjured by the gnawing of the bees, and
without inciting robbing, fighting, or any disturbance of the apiary. Prices : Each, postp.-ud, with
directions, 20 cts; per doz., $2.25. Testimonials, etc., free. Order from your dealer, or of the
manufacturers.

R. & E. C. PORTER, LewiSTOWN. LLS.

(mention review.) 4-94-tf

3' sections, Bcc - Hives ap«J ot^cr B?^ - K^ep^rs' Appliances at f.
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e (i)ee-

eepeps |\evie(x;

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.
W. Z. HOTCHINSON, Editor and ProDiielor.

VOL VII. FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAY 10. 1894. NO. 5.

Work at M!ioliigan.'s

ExperiiTiental

-A^piary.

E. li. TAYLOE, APIAEIST.
SOME EXPEEIMENTS IN WINTERING.

T7\URING last
lJ fall and win-
ter I made such
efforts as I coald
under existing
circumstances to
get some light on
the problems
growing ou t of
the matter of win-
tering bees. My
bee-cellar is un-
der my honey
house and is fifteen by thirty feet with a cis-
tern in one end. I have wintered bees in this
cellar for seven or eight years with almost
uniformly excellent success and yet it now
seems certain, from my experiments with a
hygrometer, to be a very damp one, there
being a difference, at a temperature of from
45° to 50°, between the wet bulb and the dry
bulb, of only one-half a degree, which indi-
cates that the percentage of moisture is
about 9() — almost complete saturation.

It is claimed by many prominent bee-
keepers that moisture is one of the principal
causes, if not the principal cause, of the win-
ter disease of bees known as dysentery, but

if this were true I should have expected to
find it prevailing largely among my bees
during the last winter, but such did not prove
to be the case. In fact, though I suffered a
larger percentage of loss than I ever did be-
fore in this cellar — about 20 per cent. — yet
only a small proportion of those that per-
ished showed even a little evidence of that
disorder. I discovered only two cases that
could be called really bad, in one of which
the colony died and in the other the colony
had regained its health and was in good or-
der and of good strength when removed from
the cellar, and still remains so. This case
was a peculiar one. The hive was an eight-
frame L. hive and the bottom board was left
on in the wintering. Such a forbidding re-
ceptacle for bees as this was when taken from
the cellar about the tenth of April, I have
seldom seen. The bottom board was covered
with a mass of sticky ordure to such an ex-
tent that only now and then would a bee ven-
ture upon it to gain the outside of the hive.
The cover was well sealed on and when pried
off it ran with the almost incredible amount
of water and the honey board and combs
outside the cluster were wet and white with
mould. When the bottom board was re-
moved and a clean one substituted, the bees
came out to fly as clean, healthy and strong
as one would care to see.

I cannot reconcile this case, as well as
many others I have examined recently, with
the theory that moisture is the cause of dys-
entery. Yet I think I have good evidence
that moisture under certain circumstances

128

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

is harmful. When the strength of the col-
ony is sufficient to enable it to keep its im-
mediate neighborhood dry, it appears not to
suffer from moisture, but if it is so deficient
in numbers and vigor, one or both, that it is
unable to do that, it seems reasonable to sup-
pose that it must perish, being either chilled
to death in the cluster or else driven to des-
peration by the misery of the situation, scat-
tering and leaving the hive tenantless. The
slight spotting of the combs which often oc-
cur i under such circumstances should not, I
think, be taken as a sign of the trouble
known as dysentery. It is rather the result
of the weakness of approaching dissolution
than the cause of it.

Last season after the failure of clover and
basswood there wa very little nectar to be
gathered in this locality either during the
remainder of the summer or during the fall,
from which fact it resulted that at the begin-
ning of winter a large portion of the colonies
were not only weak in bees but especially so
in young bees. It was not difficult to foresee
the probable consequence of this state of
things, so ^ was not surprised at the loss I
have incurred. Apparently the old bees died
off during the early part of the winter, for
more than the usual number left the hives
during that time, tLus reducing the cluster
to a size too small to enable it to successfully
combat the unfriendly influences of moist-
ure combined with a cellar temperature.
Perhaps in many cases the cellar tempera-
ture alone would prove sufficient to create
such a feeling of discomfort as to make the
'^ees restless and so cause them one by one
to leave the cluster and wander out of the
hive and be lost, but I have no doubt that in
other cases the added influence of moisture
was necessary to accomplish total ruin. That
the decline of these colonies came about in
the way I have indicated seems substantiated
by the fact that in almost all these cases very
few dead bees were left in the hives and in
only now and then one had the bees last to
perish preserved the form of a cluster to the
last.

Quite a strong effort was made to deter-
mine if possible whether sealed covers were,
in cellar wintering, a disadvantage and a
large number of hives with such covers as
well as of those with loose covers were set
apart and carefully examined with the result
that where the colonies were of fairly nor-
mal strength there was no apparent differ-
ence— almost every one of that class winter-

ing very satisfactorily. About the only ad-
vantage of the loose covers was that the
combs were preserved dry and clean. It was
also observed that the entire removal of the
bottom board, leaving the bottom of the
hive entirely open, served largely the same
purpose as a loose cover, though not to quite
the same extent. In some o'f the larger
hives, having a bottom board as well as
sealed covers, the combs outside the cluster
were very wet and mouldy. In the case of
the weaker colonies sealed covers were com-
paratively detrimental. Of course all this is
in a cellar where the temperature was main-
tained during the entire winter at 4.')° and
over, and it can readily be believed that the
class of colonies that would fail to cope with
the conditions induced by sealed covers out
of doors would be very considerably en-
larged ; not, I think, because the moisture
would induce the disease known as dysentery
but because it would require stronger col-
onies to ward off the encroaching chilliness
caused by constant excessive evaporation so
that the health and vigor of a larger number
would be undermined and finally destroyed.

Of course so far it does not appear that
sealed covers have any advantage in any case
but inasmuch as they cause wet and mouldy
combs it would be well worth the while to
loosen all covers when the bees are put into
the cellar and certainly so unless the bottom
boards are entirely removed.

The losses I have incurred speak plainly of
the importance of giving strict heed to the
old rule : Keep all colonies strong. By
doubling up about one-third of my colonies
in September I should have escaped with
practically no loss.

Lapeeb, Mich. April 23, 1894.

Mr. S. Corneil's Death.

ALLEN PBINGLE.

" Steal thou away— give little warning.
Say not ' good night,'
Rut in some clime more briglit,
Bid me, ' good morning. ' "

rrjHE bee-keepers of Canada, in the death
T of Samuel Cornell, of Lindsay, have
lost one of their ablest and best men. Mr.
Cornell died suddenly and alone in his bee-
yard on the afternoon of April 7th, pre-
sumably of heart failure. He had taken his
dinner with his family in his usual health
and in good spirits, but it proved to be the

I'HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

129

last. Bat Mr. Corneil's health appears to
have been failing him during the spring.
The last letter I have from him bears date
March 3rd, 1894, and iu it he says : " The
Dr. advises me to do as little mental work
as possible. I have had several slight at-
tacks of vertigo within the past few weeks ;
but on this day two weeks I was brought
home, for the first time in my life, in a bus,
as limp as a rag. The Dr. says it is caused
by the failure of the stomach to do its work,
which, in turn, is caused by nervousness, the
result of mental overwork, and worry.
Hence his advice to ease ofif so as to allow
the stomach and nervous system to regain
their tone."

I make this extract from a private letter
knowing it will be read with interest, and, I
trust, also with profit to the living — profit to
those who need and can take an admonition
of that kind, and I count myself among the
number.

Personally, I had great respect for Mr.
Cornell, and enjoyed his intellectual com-
panionship whenever opportunity for per-
sonal intercourse or correspondence pre-
sented itself. Although on some subjects
outside of apiculture we differed in opinion,
and measured swords, Mr. Cornell was built
on too broad a plan to allow that to interfere
with the cordial relations of personal friend-
ship.

Mr. Cornell was a fair scholar, an able and
accurate writer on apicultural subjects in
which it may be fairly said he was a close
observer and an original investigator. In
those branches of science cognate to the
science of apiculture he was well posted, and
was seldom found nodding in his contribu-
tions to the bee journals. Of course he was
"set" in his views and opinions, but that
may be tolerated in an intelligent and up-
right man. That he was enthusiastically
absorbed in the science and art of apicul-
ture goes without saying. And he "died in
harness" among his bees, with the hive he
was manipulating still uncovered.

Mr. Cornell was the efficient Secretary of
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association at the
time of his death, and had been one of its
directors for many years, and its president
a few years ago. He was also one of the
successful delegates of Ontario bee-keepers
to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition in
London in 188(5. In 1890, I think, he met
some of our American friends at the North

American Bee-Keepers' Association meeting
at Albany.

Our Association will greatly miss Mr. Cor-
nell ; the bee journals on both sides will miss
him ; and the fraternity in general will miss
him, and deplore the fact that, in his own
language from his diary, he " forgot the
world and fell asleep."

Seley, Ont. April 21, 1894.

Some Foundation Pointers by Rambler.

Careful good makers ! else you surely will
(Jet things too thick tor the bee's little bill.

ence in the
m a n u f acture
of foundation
may be con-
sidered as lim-
ited. Still,
that experi-
ence covers
several years
and includes
the use of sev-
eral machines. I have used both the rolls
and the Given press. The rolls seem to give
a more uniform thickness to the base of the
cell which is readily observed by transmit-
ted light. With the press it is quite difficult
to get this uniformity of thickness. With
the press I used, a portion of the sheet of
foundation would have a very thin base, even
to the puncturing of little holes, while
another portion would be quite thick. To
overcome this defect it was necessary to
overlay portions of the dies with sheets of
paper until the pressure was uniform. This
overlaying, however, was not reliable, for the
next time the press was used, the overlaying
had to be renewed. For foundation to be
used in the brood chamber, I was not so par-
ticular to get the base uniform. The Given
foundation would not bear very rough hand-
ling, but it seemed to be accepted with won-
derful alacrity by the bees, and would be
drawn into comb when very little honey was
being gathered and when foundation from
the rolls would be neglected. The difference
between the two kinds would not be so
marked, or, perhaps, noticeable, during a
good flow of honey. Foundation can be
made quite rapidly on the press and the re-
sults, except for making thin foundation.

130

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

were excellent in my experience, and now
that the expert machauics at the Root estab-
lishment have taken hold of the press, I hope
to see the above defects wholly eliminated.

There is much said and written about the
bees working down the base of the cell. As
the bee is guided in this work by using its
mandibles as a gauge, when it produces
comb naturally, it draws out the base of
comb between the mandibles just as it does
the side walls, tliis gauge is thus applied to
every portion of the comb and thus the uni-
form resultant thinness.

It seems to me that a true way to get at
the exact thickness of comb, is to meas-
ure the side walls as well as the base
of the cells. As to the experiments in the
measurements of the base of the cell, at the
Experiment Station, I don't see as it is very
clear that the bees reduced the thickness of
the base of the cells at all. It is not definite-
ly stated that the first measurement was
made before the foundation was given to the
bees. If Mr. Washburn's measurements
were taken before the foundation was given
to the bees, then, according to the general
average, some bases were thicker after ma-
nipulation by the bees than before, and
would show that the bees, nojt being allowed
their natural way of thinning the base by
applying their gauge, were as far from get-
ting it right as were the manufacturers of
founiation. It is also noticeable that the
very thin flat-bottom foundation does not
make any better showing than other brands.
And right here I would suggest that if flat-
bottom foundation could be made on a
press it might work better than when so com-
pactly rolled.

There is another point in relation to the
side walls of comb foundation ; if it is made
with a thick rib the bee cannot open its
mandibles wide enough to thin it down, and
much wax is left at the base. The same ap-
plies to side walls of too great depth. A por-
tion of the wax is beyond the thinning power
of the bee, for it is all done between the
mandibles.

We all know what an intractable substance
beeswax is and is subject to changes in the
rendering, and a uniform quality of wax will
never be attained until there is more care
exercised upon this point.

California should produce the best wax in
the country for it is nearly all rendered in
the sun extractors and has that beautiful
yellow color we like to see, but many times

in cooking it is melted in old rusty or black
utensils and the beautiful color is materially
destroyed.

The most beautiful and almost transpa-
rent wax I ever saw was in Campo, Cal.,
made by Esqr. Herrick. His process of ren-
dering was first to thoroughly wash out all
dirt and honey in several changes of tepid
water, the rest of the process was performed
in porcelain lined or new tin vessels, and
everything kept scrupulously clean. If every
wax producer would look closely to the mat-
ter of cleanliness, the quality of wax and
foundation would be improved.

"Rambleb."

|"t^#A^<r^

How to Secure Sections Filled With Drawn

Combs for Use During the White

Honey Harvest.

B. TAYLOR.

T7RIEND Hutch-
1^ inson, in April
Review, page 97,
you' ask me to ex-
plain how I get the
empty combs, that
I use to secure the
large yields of clo-
ver and basswood
honey, drawn out in
time for the white
honey harvest. I
will tell you with
pleasure, as I regard this method of increas-
ing the profits of bee-keeping, as the great-
est improvement I ever practiced, for by it
I can get as many pounds of comb as ex-
tracted honey, and have it not only white,
but the nicest, straight sections built fast to
the wood on all sides.

Now, Mr. Editor, these facts above stated
will make this finished comb system for
getting large yields of fine; white, section
honey a very important question to the bee-
keeping fraternity, so I will give the readers
of the Review plain directions from begin-
ning to end.

I have the combs for each season's use
built the season previous. A bright bee
man, well known to bee keepers, at the late
National Convention at Chicago, told me
with evident pride that he " had no use for a
comb leveler, as h j got nearly all his sections
sold each year by making two or three
grades of them." In making these grades

I' HE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW

131

the price is rapidly lowered with each grade.
With my present m nagemeut I not only
greatly increase the yield but I get all No. 1
honey, and for all of which I get the highest
market price. In times past, like friend
Green, (there, now, I've "went and done it "
and told his name) I worked by all manner
of means to get all my sections finished so
they would sell at some price. I then con-
tracted the surplus room as the season of
surplus was drawing to an end, and this
off times caused swarming and much work
and loss. 1 now give unstinted room to the
end of the white harvest, not even desiring
that all the sections be capped. The bees
are thus left to work to their full capacity
in gathering and storing honey until the end
of the flow.

At the end of the basswood harvest I re-
move all the section cases, and, as it is now
a time of honey dearth, this temporary
severe contraction never causes swarming.
These last supers of sections are now at
once emptied, the finished sections crated
and the unsealed and partly sealed ones ex-
tracted. This extracted honey, when prop-
erly cured, is very fine table honey, and I
now have a ready home cash-market for all
I may have of it, at nearly the price of comb
honey, never having sold it for less than 1232
cents per pound.

This, you see, will leave many sections of
finished, or at least partly drawn, combs. I
now return these combs to the supers, gen-
erally alternating them with sections tilled
full of foundation, using separators between
each two combs. These separators have the
bee-space in the separator and a slot in their
centers % inch wide their entire length thus
giving the bees free passage from section to
section. The supers are returned to strong
swarms to haye the empty combs tilled with
fall honey, and the foundation ones drawn
out into comb.

Early in the fall honey flow the supers are
again taken oft" without any regard as to
whether they are tinished or not. It is done
early so that the bees may fill their hives
with stores for winter. Let me say here that
I give many colonies brood combs, in place
of sections, to be filled with honey to supply
swarms that may need stores for winter.
All these sections of fall honey are now again
extracted and the honey put away to feed the
bees again the coming spring, and thus raise
a new army of workers for the next white
honey season.

I now return the empty combs to the su-
pers and they are all set out at one time on
a warm clear day to be cleaned by the bees
of every particle of honey. I set each super
so both bottom and top are entirely exposed,
and the bees can enter them in any number
without hindrance. The combs are then
never torn in the struggle, as there is room
for all. In the evening after all the bees
have left the supers are removed to the iron
curing house, and, the next morning, the
bees finding every thing gone, make no com-
motion, in fact, they would not even if the
supers had not been removed, for the honey
had all been removed and a bee understands
this as well or better than many bee keepers.
Now, friends, if these supers had been piled
up so but one bee could enter at a time,
there would have been several day's struggle
before they would have been cleaned and the
entire yard would have been kept in com-
motion all this time, the bees stinging every
thing within sight. (Mr. Editor, please
don't tell Dr. Miller that I said this.)

We now take the comb leveler, with proper
tables to work on, into the curing house and
all the combs are carefully leveled and set
away to use in snatching another large crop
of gilt edged white section honey the coming
year.

FoBESTViLLE, Minn. April 26, 1894.

Getting Rid of Foul Brood Without Shaking
the Bees Off the Combs or Interrupt-
ing Them in Their Labor.

M. M. BALDBIDGE.

mHE object Of
jT this article is
not to discuss the
cause or causes of
foul - brood, but
simply to give my
plan of getting rid
of the malady after
it has once got a
foot - hold in the
apiary. The plan
I propose to give
is both very simple
and practical, and is based upon the belief
that the germs of foul-brood are carried from
a diseased colony to a healthy one, or to an
empty hive, both through the honey and the
bee-bread. The plan is, therefore, simijly to

132

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

transfer all the inmates of the diseased col-
ony to a healthy home without the germs of
foul-brood being present in their bodies at
the moment the transfer is made.

The best time, perhaps, to begin the work
is when ihe bees are getting plenty of honey
from natural sources. This, however, as will
be obvious to experts, is not absolutely
necessary ; but, assuming that the bees are
daily at work collecting honey from natural
sources I proceed thus : —

(1)— I get a tube made four or five inches
long and about one inch in diameter at ore
ead, and about three-eights of an inch at the
other, and solder thereto, at the larger end.
at right angles, a piece of tin about two
inches square, having a hole cut through the
center, of i)roper size, to match ihe hole in
the tube. I have as many tubes made as
there are hives of foul- brood to be treated.
The tubes I use are made of perforated tin
and they cost me about five cents each by the
dozen, but common plain tin will answer
about as well.

(2) — Now bore an inch hole through the
front end of the diseased hive and fasten a
tube over it by tacks driven through the four
corners of the flange. I make this hole near
the top of the brood chamber, or a few inches
above the bottom entrance of the hive.

(3) — I now cage the queen of the diseased
colony and lay the cage upon the frames. I
prefer to do this near sundown and after the
bees are done flying for the day.

(4)— The following morning I go to some
healthy colony aud select a comb of sealed
brood, with or without the adhering bees,
and place it in an empty hive and then fill
the same with frames and foundation.

(5) — I now close the entrance to the dis-
eased colony so that no bees can get in or
out except through the tin tube, and then
move this colony off its stand to one side so
as to be within two to six inches of the old
stand, and fronting the same direction. I
now place upon the old stand the prepared
hive. I do this work so gently aud quickly
that the bees in the diseased colony do not
fill their bodies with honey.

(G) — Towards sundown of the same day,
and after the bees are done flying, 1 take the
caged queen away and let her run into the
entrance of the new hive. No bees found
feeding the queen, or clustered upon the
cage should be taken away.

All the work necessary for a month or
more is now done. In from 30 to (>0 days, as
must be apparent, all the bees in the diseased
colony will from day to day be transferred
to the new hive.

Should a queen hatch meantime she too
will find herself excluded from the diseased
home in case she should leave it to mate.

As soon as all the bees are gone out of the
diseased hive I then remove the same to
some room from which no bees can get out,
or any get in, and destroy the combs by tire,
or by melting into wax. If they contain
much good honey 1 save it. Should I find
any bees, destroy them at once.

(7) — I now scrape the diseased hive and
burn up the refuse ; then paint the inside
with kerosene and set on fire. I do this, of
course, out-doors, and by dropping a piece
of burning paper inside, with the top of the
hive open. I watch the burning so as to keep
the inside from being charred. The fire
may at any stage be smothered out by plac-
a board over the top, or by turning the hive
over if it has a tight bottom. I expose the
hive a few days to the air so as to remove
any smell of kerosene and then supply it
with healthy combs or frames of foundation.
The hive is now as safe, in my opinion, to
use again as when new, for both the fire and
kerosene are powerful disinfectants — as good
at least as boiling water. Some claim that
it is unnecessary to disinfect the hive and
this may be true ; but, in any event, the dis-
infecting can do no harm.

To conclude, as the Review is published
for advanced bee-keepers I do not deem it
necessary to go into details to explain tvhy
certain steps, as described, should be taken,
nor will I at this time attempt to point out
some modifications that might safely be
adopted and put into practice ; these will be
discovered perhaps without any aid from
me. But the bee-keeper of limited expe-
rience would, perhaps, better adhere as near
as possible to the instructions as herein
given.

About a year ago I treated two foul broody
colonies in my apiary substantially as herein
described and to-day (April 30, 1894) in over-
hauling the same I find them both in good
condition and no trace of the disease in
either of them.

St. Ciiaut.es, Ills.

April 30, 1SS»4.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

13d

What Constitutes Ripeness in Honey, and

How it May be Secured.

B. m'knight.

A can of honey soldered in so well —
A watermelon proudly on the swell-
Is either ripe ? How can a body tell ?

VTT HE subject of ripening honey is receiv-
T" ing some consideration at present. It
is a subject, too, that deserves consideration
because honey is at its best when ripe. This
implies that there is a time when it is un-
ripe, and a possibility of its being over ripe.
We know that honey is found, and sometimes
marketed, in the three conditions above men-
tioned. But we do not all know the exact
properties that constitute ripeness in honey,
because no fixed standard of perfection has
been decided upon, or one that embraces all
the constitutents of honey in their highest
state. One, and only one, of the conditions
that constitute perfection in honey is ageeed
upon and accepted as a standard of quality,
that is that it shall weigh at least Vi}^ lbs.
to the gallon. But the specific gravity of
of honey is not the only test of perfection.
Flavor and aroma are quite as important.
Its density may decide its nutritive proper-
ty ; but it is the other two that make it
grateful or otherwise to the sense of the
taste and smell — in a word, that make it
palatable. But people's tastes differ and
honey collected from dififerent classes of
flowers has a corresponding diversity of fla-
vor ; hence the difficulty in fixing a standard
of quality for honey. I am now speaking of
extracted honey, because its quality is deter-
mined by the three properties above named ;
not so comb honey, however, because the
flavor of the beeswax it contains masks the
inherent flavor and aroma of the honey with
which it is partaken. I do not mention col-
or in this connection because I am treating
of the ripening of honey, and the ripening
process has no appreciable effect upon its
color.

I define unripe honey as that in which
there is an excess of water ; and ripe honey
as that which has been brought to the recog-
nized standard of density and possessing the
highest possible degree of its inherent flavor
and aroma. I say the highest degree possi-
ble, because the ripening process, whether
carried on in the hive, or by artificial means,
prejudicially affects both flavor and aroma.

Most honey when first stored has an excess
of water in it. If the flow be scant, and it

remains a sufficient length of time in the
unsealed cells, this excess of water will evap-
orate. The high temperature of the hive
facilitating the work of curing. If rapidly
gathered it is quickly sealed, and will remain
unripe till the excess of water escapes
through the pores of the cappings in the
form of invisible vapor. If extracted before
the excess of water has passed off, the honey
will be unripe honey. The fact of its having
been sealed is not a proof of its ripeness.
A little experience will enable one to tell if
honey is up to the standard of density (with-
out an instrumental test) provided its tem-
perature is not t30 low. But it is not so easy
determining this if the honey is cold, there-
fore the man who is in the habit of curing
his honey outside the hive is more likely to
put a uniformly good article on the market,
than he who is governed by the sealing test.
We may now consider what changes honey
undergoes in the process of curing, apart
from bringing it to the requisite density by
evaporation. The principal change, other
than the above, is the partial dissipation of
its aroma. What then is aroma ? I think it
may be defined as the property imparted to
honey by the flowers in which it is secreted,
manifesting itself mainly through the sense
of taste, and this has something to do in con-
stituting flavor but only in so far as the sense
of smell manifests itself through the medium
of the mouth. It is chiefly by its aroma we
are enabled to determine the class of flowers
from which honey has been gathered. Aroma
is fleeting in its nature. Time and exposure
will destroy it to a great extent. Therefore
it is never so pronounced in honey as im-
mediately after it has been taken from the
flowers. The process of ripening honey in
the hive, and out of the hive, is identical in
its nature and effect. When once ripe it
should be immediately bottled or canned
and hermetically sealed, if we wish it to re-
tain its flavor and aroma in their fullest de-
gree. If it be allowed to remain in open
tanks or cans when once ripe, both will be-
come deteriorated. It is nonsense to say,
as some say, that honey can only be ripened
in the hive, and retain its flavor and normal
consistency. None who have made this
statement have given any reasons for the
faith that is in them, unless it be Mr. Dem-
aree, and his are not conclusive.

Owen Sound.

April .S, 1894.

134

THE BEE-KEEPERS ' REVIEW,

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Tebms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; tliree for 12.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Review
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otlierwise it
will be continued.

FLINT, MICHIGAN. MAY 10. 1894.

Silence is the wit of fools.

Olivek Fosteb dropped the supply busi-
ness because he could make more money
raising honey. That is encouraging.

F. A. Gemmill of Stratford, Ont., has
been appointed Secretary of the Ont. B. K.
Association, in place of Mr. Cornell, re-
cently deceased.

Mb. Daggitt writes that the words "and
harde.st" in the eighth line of the first para-
graph on page 94, should have been omitted,
and that the word " bars " in his last para-
graph, IGth line, should be "uprights."

In dividing a colony of bees, where shall
the old queen be left ? This query is found
in a late issue of the Amer'ican Bee Journal.
Thirteen replies say remove her to the new
stand, six say keep her on the old stand, and
a few evade the question. Two say leave
the queen ivhere there are the most ivorkers,
which is, of course, upon the old stand.
Keeping the queen and the workers together
is file point, and I should be glad to have
those who say " put the queen upo7i the new
stand," arise and defend that practice.

Mr. R. L. Taylor is something of a lin-
guist ; besides this, he has a niece living
with him, Miss Katherine M. Inglis, who has
been an instructor in languages at the Alma
college. Between them they read the for-
eign bee journals ; Mr. Taylor pointing
out what he considers the most valuable,
and Miss Inglis translating it, the results
being sent to the Review. The first in-
stallment of these notes from foreign jour-
nals will appear in the June Review. Mr. F.
Ij. Thompson of Arvada, Nebraska, has also
promised to help me in this direction.

Eight - Frame Hives versus ten - frame
hives are being discussed in Gleanings in a
way that reminds one of old times. Dr. Mil-
ler, R. L. Taylor, C. P. Dadant, and others
are taking a hand. It seems to me the point
is just here : when the flow is early and short
as it usually is in this part of the country,
the colony in an eight-frame hive gets its
combs full of brood and is ready for the sec-
tions sooner than is the case with a ten-
frarae hive, and better results are secured.
It is impossible to give a resume of the dis-
cussions, and they are too lengthy to copy
all of them. It seems to be one of those
cases in which you ought to be a subscriber
to Gleanings.

THE TOWNSEND SECTION PRESS.

Mr. 0. H. Townsend of Alamo, Michigan,
has sent me a sample of a style of section
press that he has just invented. I have had
an engraving made that very clearly shows
the press and the manner in which it is
operated. The press may be fastened to the
front of a bench and operated by means of
a treadle with a strap attached at the end of
the lever marked "A," or it may be placed
in a horizontal position upon the top of a
bench and the lever worked by the hand, in
which case it might be well to have a pad
placed upon the end of the lever. To oper-
ate the machine, the section is folded up
and placed in the large notch and the ends
brought together inside the notch "B," when
the lever is brought down either with the
hand or foot, as the case my be, and the joint
thus forced together ; when the pressure is
removed, a spiral spring raises the lever to
its former position. I have tried the press
and it works satisfactorily. The price is
11.00.

TBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

135

Pbevention of Inokease is brought about
by Geo. F. Robbins, by giving the combs of
a colony that has cast a swarm to some weak
colony, the weak colony having first been
made still weaker by previously moving it to
a new location, the flying bees joining the
nearest colony. All right, George, but what
shall a man do who has no weak colonies ?

*^*^^^^»»»^^

The Practical Bee-Keepek has received
support to such an extent that its owner feels
warranted in making of it a monthly at only
.50 cents a year. This is encouraging. By
the way, its editor, Mr. T. N. Leigh, must be
something of a linguist, as he copies freely
from the foreign bee journals. One issue
contains a translation from the French, of
an article written by Dr. Oscar Haenel, on
new methods of analyzing honey. He shows
that honey must first be subjected to dialy-
sis if definite results are to be secured in
using the polariscope. T-liose who pin their
faith upon polarization for detecting glucose
in honey ought to read this article.

Another point in holding down a veil as
described in last Review is that the veil is
held out from the face and neck, thus no bees
are caught iu the folds touching the neck
and sting through, as is so often the case
when the veil is tucked inside the collar. As
I never taste of honey when working with
the bees, and don't wear glasses, it never oc-
curred to me until friend Hasty mentioned
it that it might be a convenience to some
folks to be able to handily get inside their
veil. Mr. Daggitt suggests that there be an
elastic in front to allow the veil to be raised.
This arrangement would result in numerous
folds in front of the face — something that
would greatly obstruct the vision.

EXXRT^OTED.

Oiven Foaudation Made on Rolls.

It is possible that we may yet have founda-
tion made on rolls that will possess the soft-
ness of that made on a press. The Roots
have been experimenting in this direction
and report as follows :

" After making some experiments with
the Given foundation-press we have finally
come to the conclusion that if this founda-
tion is softer, and more readily accepted by
the bees, than the ordinary roller founda-
tion, it is due to this fact : The side walls

are made very thick and heavy, so that the
surplus of wax is crowded into the walls,
without any excess of pressure. With this
fact before us we constructed a mill having
extra heavy walls, and, to our great delight,
the foundation from it seems to be very
much softer because the excess of wax, in-
stead of running out into long sheets, went
into the walls. An ordinary sheet of wax,
after being passed through this mill, in-
creases in length only about 33 per cent, of
its original length, instead of, as heretofore,
from 200 to 300 per cent. Whether the foun-
dation is as soft as that from the press, can
not be definitely proven just yet ; but from
present indications it is fully so. From
some tests we have made, the bees seem to
accept it very readily. In our next issue we
hope to report further in regard to it ; but
at present we fear that this very soft foun-
dation would give trouble on horizontally
wired frames, because it has not strength
enough to prevent it from buckling, unless,
indeed, it is made excessively heavy."

How Mr. Heddon Liked the Given Founda-
tion Years Ago.

" Tree and truth keep their youth."

When I asked Mr. Heddon for his views
upon the foundation question he replied that
"the best he knew, he knew years ago," and
referred me to his writings on the subject
some ten or twelve years ago in Gleanings
and the A rnerican Bee Journal. I quote two
short paragraphs.

" The sample that you ' could not locate,'
that is almost ' artificial comb.' was a por-
tion of a sheet that we made upon ourl'J-inch
heavy Vandervort mill ; and though very
many good and experienced judges would
choose this in preference to the more homely
flatter-lined Given, our experiments proved
that the bees took to the Given first, drew it
out quicker, faster, further, and thinner, and
consequently made a much more delicate
and beautiful comb."

" I have conducted careful and compre-
hensive tests with the three sorts (Root in-
cluded in the 4th), and that, too, in company
with employees, students and visitors. I
have also sent two and three sorts to parties
ordering, and asked for tests and reports. I
have also a part of the time employed an ex-
pert mechanic who is noted for his ability as
a machinist, to assist in the manufacture of
foundation. I found the press much the
easiest to operate, and its products much
the easiest for the bees to make into the best
combs. During my experiments of former
years, I had Dunham foundation made by
various parties, the best of which was 83 lbs.
made by Mrs. Dunham, and of this lot she
wrote me she earned wax and all in the
making. This, too, fell behind the Given of
first manufacture. The Vandervort, while
not equal to the Given, always showed a
superiority over the Dunham. Now, there
are quite a number of Vandervort mills in

186

THE BrE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

use, and some in the hands of those who do
or have owned Dunham mills, and I ask for
a report from some of these parties who
speak more from experience than prejudice.
I have many one pound sections of honey
marked ' G,' ' V,' and ' D,' and we are eating
them on our own table, as we need them,
and the G's are the only combs that you can-
not detect that foundation was used in."

Positive Prevention of After - Swarming.

The scheme and the schemer so often will shirk.
Hurrah for the plau and the man that will work !

I consider the following article written by
Frank Coverdale and published in the Amer-
ican Bee Journal as one of unusual, practi-
cal value. It is true that the Heddon method
of preventing after-swarming usually works
satisfactorily, and it is equally true that it
does sometimes fail, and the application of
the bee escape in the manner described gives
the finishing touch needed for perfection.
—Ed.

" James Heddon. I believe, was the first to
give us a practical method for the control of
after-swarming ; however, the method could
not be absolutely depended upon to do the
work, but was a grand step in the right di-
rection. Who knows, to a certainty, just
when the first queen-cell will hatch in the
old hive — whether it be five or fifteen days ?
A second swarm might issue before the old
hive was ever moved to its permanent stand,
and again after it had been moved, on ac-
count of the first cell hatching so late.

It was when I was busy making hay, when
an occasional swarm would leave me, caus-
ing much vexation in my mind, and many
hours of deep study, how I should overcome
this difficulty ; and it came to my mind that
a bee escape might do the work, so I attached
one to a hive, at the first opportunity. A \}4
inch hole was bored in the center of one side
near the bottom edge, and a wire-screen
cone fitted in the hole, and the entrance en-
tirely closed ; the newly- hived swarm was
placed close by its side, with the entrance
just under the above prepared cone, and
every bee that left the old hive became an
occupant of the new hive.

In three days an examination was made in
the old hive, for I was afraid that too many
bees would leave the brood, and destruction
be the result. But, oh, how I was delighted !
All was lovely still. In three days more
another examination was made, with like re-
sults, and still another three days later,
making nine days. Then I began boring
holes in other hives, and treating them as
above, with the same results, until all (GO
colonies) that swarmed were in the same
condition.

Some of the old hives were moved to their
new stands in 12, others in 13, 14 and 16 days,
the last being rather too long a time — 14
days is about right in my location. Then
these old colonies can be given a ripe queen
cell, or a queen, or the entrance be opened

and left so until all the young bees are
hatched, when the entrance can be again
closed, and it will unite with the new swarm
and the combs will be empty. In fact, you
may have full control of the matter, as to
managing against second swarms.

The first two years I used the bored holes,
covering them over when through, with a
piece of section tacked over them ; but since
then an escape has been used at the entrance;
however, at times the latter would get clog-
ged, causing some annoyance, and I now
think the bored hole at the side is best.

If the reader will carefully look over the
back numbers of the Bee Journal, it will be
seen that I have touched upon this point be-
fore, but dare not recommend it as being
entirely practicable. But I hesitate no long-
er, but advise all who stand in need, to try
and be convinced how this plan lessens labor,
cost and vexation of after-swarms ; and in
my location greatly increases a crop of comb
honey, and of finer quality than it otherwise
would have been.

Fear not that the new swarms will be over-
crowded in numbers, and swarm again, but
furnish each new hive with starters below
and full sheets of comb foundation ia all the
sections above, and you will soon begin to
wonder whether it is best to ' prevent swarm -
ing ' or not. It is nice to have wood-zinc
queen-excluders, then all can be arranged at
the time of hiving — such as moving the part-
ly finished sections from the parent colony
immediately to the newly hived swarm, and
not have to wait two or three days for the
queen to establish her brood-nest below."

Welton, Iowa.

Why Mr. Heddon was Not Prosecuted.

Last month I said that as the Bee-Keep-
ers' Union did not consider that there was
sufficient evidence to convict Mr. Heddon,
it ought not to have been considered suf-
ficient to warrant an " exposure." In com-
menting upon this the editor of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal said that the case was now
a great deal stronger than it was a year ago.
In this week's Bee Journal Mr. Newman de-
fends the course taken by the Union. Among
other things he says :—

" With due deference, I must say that I
cannot see wherein the case is stronger now
than it was a year ago. Certainly the analy-
sis of the ' Willard honey ' is no more reli-
able than that made by the United States
Chemist, Prof Wiley, who stands at the head
of the profession. To show that it is in
reality weaker, I have only to state that the
same chemist analyzed the ' Jankovsky hon-
ey ' and pronounced it adulterated with
sugar, when another equally good chemist
made an analysis of the same honey, and
pronounced it pure ! This is but confusion
worse confounded ! To rely upon such evi-
dence in court, to convict, would be ex-
tremely hazardous !

As General Manager of the Union I placed
all the facts before the Advisory Board, ask-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

137

ing for instructions how to proceed in the
case and received replies from every mem-
ber. Nearly every one cautioned me not to
undertake to prosecute the case unless I felt
reasonably sure that the evidence was suf-
ficient to convict.

This correspondence was then submitted
to the President, and his advice requested.
Without betraying any confidence between
the executive officers, I think I may say that
the legal advice given by President Taylor
was sound ; I fully concurred in his recom-
mendation, and carried it out. It is in my
possession in writing (as well as the corres-
pondence of the Advisory Board), and if
necessary to defend the Union, consent can
no doubt be obtained to publish it. As these
are private consultations between executive
officers, the communications must so remain
unless permission is given for publicity.
Until then the General Manager will shoul-
der all the blame which unwise enthusiasts
may wish to load on the Union for non-ac-
tion in the matter.

Since then no application has been made
to the Union to prosecute Mr. Heddon — ex-
cept that he has himself very strongly urged
the Union to prosecute him in order to prove
his innocence — a thing not contemplated by
the Constitution, and one which would in all
probability not be sanctioned by its mem-
bers. At least, before such an innovation is
made, I think every member should have an
opportunity to express his or her opinion by
vote.

It matters not how sure some may feel that
the evidence was sufficient, even though cir-
cumstantial. The law takes a cold view of
the matter, and demantls absolute peoof.
It is not a question of guilt or innocence
with the Union, but merely the sufficiency of
the evidence to convict.

Had the accused, or his employes or con-
federates, been seen in the act of sophistica-
tion— had the adulterating material been
found on his premises, or anywhere in his
possession — had the product been obtained
and sealed up on his premises, and remained
intact until produced in court and submit-
ted to experts — then it would have been dif-
ferent. But all these links in evidence were
lacking !

The product relied upon for proof had
been shipped unsealed, and it was possible
that it might have been tampered with in
transit, in the warehouse where stored, or
on the way in its second shipment, etc.
Unquestionable it was a ' villainous com-
pound.'

As the accused, when shown the samples,
positively stated after sampling them :
' These samples never came from my apiary '
— would not such a statement in court stand,
in the absence of positive testimony to the
contrary ? Would not the Union have lost
its ease — squandered its money — injured its
reputation, and damaged the industry if it
had espoused such a weak case ?

With positive proof in its possession, the
Union would have prosecuted the case to the
full end of the law, for no condemnation is
too strong for a sophisticator of that God-
given sweet — honey ! No living being has
any more right to adulterate than he has to

counterfeit 'the coin of the realm.' All the
Union needs is positive evidence to convict.
Thomas G. Newman.
Gen. Manager of B.-K.'s rnion."

In the absence of positive proof that Mr.
Heddon has adulterated honey, he should not
only be given the benefit of the doubt, but
allowed every possible opportunity to show
the unreliable character of that already
given, and I am glad to be able to say that
Gleanings has reversed its former decision
and will allow him to defend himself in his
own language.

Bee Escapes.— Black Bees vs. Italians.

The wicked bee when none pursueth,
Into the snowy capping choweth.

As I have remarked before, it is a little
early to talk about bee escapes, but unless
bee-keepers are thoroughly convinced before
they have honey ready to come off, that es-
capes are a great help and advantage, the
season will quite likely slip by without their
giving them a trial. / am thoroughly con-
vinced that bee escapes are really of more
value than the majority of bee-keepers im-
agine them to be, and I believe that the Re-
view cannot do better service than in laying
before its readers such testimony to their
value as the following, written by C. W.
Dayton and published in the American Bee
Keeper. — Ed.

" Before the present forms of escapes were
invented I was aware that nearly every bee
could be driven hastily from a rack of sec-
tions with smoke, but to get every last bee
out before a cap is torn was absolutely im-
possible. One bee, or even a dozen bees, in
a whole rack of 21 or 28 sections may seem
small — one bee to two sections. If I used
escapes simply to rid the sections of bees,
my time with them would be soon over.
The question is not how quickly or how
easily they go out, but it is how much dam-
age they do at the time of the going, and in
this, one lone straggler may do more than
the thousand that she lags behind.

It depends somewhat upon what kind of
honey we are producing If there are rows
of uncapped cells around the edges next to
the wood or along the bottom edge alone,
it will do but little harm if a few more cells
ar-e opened. It will sell about the same and
little notice will be taken of it.

But suppose our honey combs are built
evenly and with every cell sealed pearly
white clear out against the wood ? In this
case one or two cells torn open become a
' mark ' for criticism like a blunder in the
center of a beautiful picture. Fancy folks
pay fancy prices for fancy goods and choose
perfection as discerned by sight and it takes
very little to mar a faultless section of hon-
ey. Every cell that is bitten out counts.

138

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

One plan is to open the hive hastily and
send smoke down amongst the sections for-
cibly to hustle the bees out before they have
time to open the cells. The other plan, with
the bee escape, they are allowed their own
time to get out, and not being scared they do
not molest the cappings. In adjusting the
escape board it should be done carefully and
without disturbance because a jar or rap on
the hives is as liable as smoke to set them to
taking honey from the cells. In some in-
stances enough cells may be uncapped that
it would seem necessary to return the sec-
tions to the hives to be refilled and resealed.

Black bees are easier to start out than
Italians or hybrids, but a little smoke seems
to frighten them so greatly that they run
heedlessly about as though they had forgot-
ten where the place of exit was so that a few
stick to the sections to a most vexatious de-
gree and to every turn they make they grasp
to the cap of a new cell. Italians do not lose
their heads so easily. They know the way
out but require a little longer time. Nor are
Italians so liable to tear open the cells but
show a marked disposition to preserve them.

In finding queens in black colonies the dis-
position of the bees is less favorable than of
Italians. Of course the black queens are
smaller and dark, on which account they are
more ditiicult to find, but where there is
enough Italian blood so that the queens are
large and sometimes yellow the distinctive
dispositions of the blacks are often retained.

Where there are several combs of brood it
is seldom that three or four can be examined
before the blacks will begin to roll and tum-
ble, hang in festoons and drop off on to the
ground and set the hive in the most con fused
condition, so that the queen could only be
discovered by chance. At the same time
every bee breaks open cells and fills up with
honey until it would be easy to mistake work-
era for queens. In a very short time the
brood will have no bees at all upon it and
when robbers are around I have thought that
the bees joined in pilfering their own combs.

The worst Italians are only slightly inclin-
ed this way, and they will stand still and in
regular order over the brood, really spread-
ing out as a protection from cold or robbers
and though we look the combs over and over
again they maintain their position as if to
aid us in the search. With such bees we can
see just where the sealed and unsealed brood
and honey are and find the queen within a
circular line of guards at her regular work
on the unsealed comb.

As we begin to remove the combs on one
side of a hive of a colony of blacks they be-
gin to charge downward and under the bot-
tom bars toward the far side of the hive and
when we take out the last combs they are
covered with bees four or five deep and when
the last comb is taken out a great throng,
perhaps the queen with them, will go rushing
into the corners and under the replaced
combs. While blacks are so easily scared by
smoke they deserve even more smoking than
Italians or hybrids because in examining
the colonies we are far more liable to be
stung.

There is found to be an astonishing differ-
ence in the dispositions of different colonies

of the same strain of bees and the conse-
quent need of selection in breeding. Breed-
ing can do much toward getting bees out of
sections and in the handling of hundreds of
colonies it may amount to days of labor.

But to return to escapes. How much labor
they may save is a question. I estimated in
the Bee-Keepers' Review some time ago
that twenty escapes could be adjusted to the
hives in twenty minutes. In taking the
combs out of the hives singly and brushing
the bees off I consider five minutes to the
hive good speed. My time has been about
ten hives extracted in about three hours.
When escapes were used it was fifteen to
eighteen hives in the same time. But the
main advantage is not in the tinie consumed.
When brushing the bees off very seldom
were the times when sweat in a veritable
stream did not pour off my nose into the
hives. Then, again, it is very hard on the
back to lean in a sort of sidewise way with a
seven pound comb in one hand and the brush
in the other, and continue it for a long time.
If we stand up straight the bees may be
thrown harshly against the alighting-boards
or young bees lost in the grass. The most
escapes I ever put on at once were 48 and it
seemed the work of a few moments upon a
set of specially arranged colonies.

Twenty escapes in twenty minutes is equal
to six hundred in ten hours, a busy, but easy
day's work ; in fact, the difference between
escapes and the smoke and brush way of get-
ting the honey away from the bees may be
compared to the old way of binding grain on
the old harvesters, by hand, and the new way
by using the self- binding machines. The
one is down right hard work for two men
while the other is fun for a boy, who drives
the team.

Pasadena, Cal."

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

HURRAH for that Porter method of hold-
ing down a bee veil ! Stuffing veils adown
the neck is a hot, uncomfortable nuisance in-
deed. And when the " gude wife " makes a
pair of shirts and gets one collar strangling-
ly tight, and the other so loose that one can
almost pull his head down in as the turtle
does his, then the veil won't stay in — else,
vice versa, won't go in short of assault and
battery with intent to kill. Review came at
eve, and I had the thing in successful opera-
tion next morn. But, would you believe it ?
I am not altogether happy yet. Like the
Children of Israel in Egypt I sometimes
" fall a lusting," and want to put my honey-
dripping fingers in my mouth. To untie the
string of the new device and loosen up takes
too much time. Who will invent an elastic

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

139

side entrance, or something, that will let me
get at my " potato trap " with the minimum
of hindrance ? Moreover I am sadly depend-
ent on my spectacles, and want to put
them off and on frequently. In this I can-
not so well deny myself as I might in the
other case. I have a dim impression that
some one somewhere has published a plan of
wearing an elastic across the breast, under
which the front of the veil could be tucked
— but if so I was so lacking in enterprise as
to let it slip. This would be better than the
Porter arrangement for the front, but would
not make back and shoulders absolutely bee
tight. Howsomever, bees mostly don't go
under a heavy veil when it simply rests by
its own weight on the shoulders and back.
Before Review came I was using two 2 inch
wire nails, sharpened down until they be-
came pins ; aiid with these the veil was pin-
ned to each breast — better than the old style,
but inferior to the Porter plan in every way.
In summer, when the upper man is clad only
in shirt and suspenders, Ernest Root's way
does very weJ. .Just put the slack of the
veil under the suspender on each shoulder,
and pull it tight. But, in such a case, what-
ever and ever are the ladies going to do, pray
tell.

And here's a bungling device of mine
which (although it has faults of its own)
opens and closes one's front easily for put-
ting on spectacles. Take a dry stick, of
suitable elasticity, and a little over a foot
long. Notch the ends, and put a long string
on each. Now whittle down all except the
ends till it is just springy enough, and not
too weak. Lay this across the breast, and
tie it tightly around the body under the arms.
This is to tuck the veil under, a purpose that
it answers very well. Might'nt we almost
have a special number on. How do you wear
a veil ? Whatever we do let us pour con-
tempt and hot shot into those stingy veils,
made on the model of a bathing suit, that
are not long enough to come further than
one's collar any way.

I suppose if I try to dodge any red-hot
subject, and say nothing about it, the breth-
ren will say to me "You all'ee same sneak,
just like other fellow." This is anent the
charge that Mr. Heddon adulterates his hon-
ey. Don't know my own mind about it —
and how then should I help any one else to
an opinion ? He has sometimes talked a
good deal Ps an adulterator would talk if he
dared to — but would an adulterator dare to ?

If on an occasion or so he has responded
with " sauce " instead of explanation, that
ought not to count very much in his case.
Mr. Heddon has pepper in his composition.

Gleanings.

The course of development which this ex-
cellent journal has been taking of late is
quite plain to be seen. It is to utilize to the
utmost the abilities of a few excellent writers
— and overboard into the deep, deep sea with
the "let us hear from all the brethren"
idea. In theory this looks to be wrong ; in
practice it makes the readable and instruc-
tive paper. Only one man out of a thousand
can write out what he knows. Pretty much
all the rest seem foreordained to write a lot
of stuff of no use to any mortal, and leave
out the valuable things which they could
supply if they would. Strange as this is it is
not unique. Let a thousand men go to the
world's fair, and how many of the thousand
can give the loved ones at home even a tol-
erable account of what they have seen ? And
writing is a much rarer gift than talking.
Nearly every bee man in a five minutes talk
will tell things which would be worthy mat-
ter for Gleaniyigs if properly dished up. Not
one of those things will he tell if he sits down
to write, but leave them all out, and write
something else. Queer, isn't it ? Awfully
we need a school, or class, or something, to
teach the brethren h w to write. " What
can the man do that cometh after the king?"
Don't go after the king then. Don't pour
out your crude and imperfect thoughts and
notions on a subject which some master hand
has just treated nobly well. " And if I
chance to fall below Demosthenes and
Cicero"— To the dogs with Demosthenes
and Cicero ! Desire to have one's article
sound like " literature " has killed off more
bee writers than all other murrains com-
bined. Have something to say, and say it in
your own earnest way. But don't be so silly
as to despise literary merit— look out for
literary faults ; divorce them as fast as pos-
sible ; and build up a clear, strong, individ-
ual style. Literary style is an excellent
thing ; only don't expect it to pass current
without some facts and ideas— don't expect
the clothes to walk without a man inside.

Ahem ! W^e were talking about how often
certain writers appear in recent numbers of
Gleanings. March 1st has Rambler three
times— presumably four times— Dr. Miller
twice, and Prof. Cook twice. It's all right

140

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

{A. B. J. sailing on same tack) and the re-
turn of Prof Cook to Gleanings is one of the
best of recent developments. The new man,
Karl Mathey opens out middling fair, with
his Russian tree, and holes chiseled out of it
for colonies of bees. Hard on the thief who
wants to run off with a hive, to ask him to
pull up that monarch of the forest. And one
of Gleanings^ pretty-well-realized dreams
is to have able correspondents in all quarters
of the globe.

Now to go away back to Major Shallard's
comb spacing article {Gleanings, 101) I'll
trot out once more an old hum of mine. The
Major wants the comb spaced only 1%
inches, and thinks that is the reason his bees
build no burrs or braces. I think the bee's
reason for building a brace is because the
combs wiggle. Naturally they can't wiggle
if you jam them up to an inch and eighth.
But with that width of spacing I don't think
I want the job of looking over the ))ees for
the first time in the spring. 1 should wiggle
if the comb did not.

" Our colonies under telescope covers keep
mucli drier and nicer than those under other
sorts of covers." Ernest Root, Gleanings, 102.

As dampness is one of the wost foes to be
vanquished in successful wintering, we
should not forget that we must, at all haz-
ards, have the winter's rain and melted snow
kept out. That much we can do ; and we
shall be great fools if we are content with a
cover that will not do it.

The "Britishers" balance their dipping
boards across a pulley when dipping founda-
tion, clamp on more boards, and make three
times the number of sheets with less work.
Gleanings, 153. Where was Yankee gump-
tion sleeping to let them find that out first ?

W. L. Coggshall closes his entrances frosty
nights in spring, when brood is plenty and
bees comparatively few. Uses a little hand-
ful of sawdust ; and the bees open up for
themselves when it gets warm enough next
morn. Gleanings 1.50. A merciful thought
put in convenient shape.

Dibbern says drones restrained from fly-
ing make riot and confusion in the hive.
Gleanings, 144. Thought so.

(3n the question of extracted honey versus
comb. R. C. Aikin has had such a thing as
to have his best comb colony store more sur-
plus in a season than his best extracting col-
ony. Gleanings, 138. This reviewer sus-
pects that when the yield is doubled by ex-
tracting it is done in some way that takes
the life of the bees, and the life of the honey

market too — bees left in unfit condition for
winter, and product such as never ought to
be put on any market.

Friend Miller reads Gentralblatt, and oth-
er foreign "blaats" (albeit Iowa's og Bi-
Avl knocks him out) and he culls the item
that a caged virgin queen hung in a hive will
make it swarm. If this is sure every time,
and not a mere may-be-so and may-be-not,
it is likely to be very valuable in some cases.
Swarming can be forced out of the way be-
fore the honey harvest arrives. Also out-
apiaries can be made to swarm on definite
days when the keeper will be on hand. The
far-south breeders could furnish the virgin
queens cheaply if wanted in advance of
northern swarming time. I strongly com-
mend this thing to the experiment stations.

Now about that man in A. B. J. and Glean-
ings who sells extracted for 24 cents — I just
wrote something here about friend Miller
and friend York that I scratched out after-
ward. Suppose a grocer sells you a sack of
flour for 24 shillings, and you find out direct-
ly that dozens of grocers stand ready to sell
you just as heavy and just as good sacks for
10 shillings. How do you feel toward your-
self for being taken in so ? And how do you
feel toivard the grocer ~' Well then, put cents
in the place of shillings, and honey in the
place of flour, and your own toes in the oth-
er fellow's tracks, and give just judgment.
Ten cents for extracted is not a starvation
price, but a good, living price. I both hope
and expect to live some day in a world where
every inhabitant, myself included, would be
incapable of taking 24 pearls where 8 or 10
would be right. And how shall I get used
to that sort of thing unless I practice a lit-
tle ?

W. G. Larrabee has lots of sweet clover,
but never thinks of depending on it for sur-
plus. Gleanings, 180.

And here's a brilliant invention of W. A.
Pryal's for shipping queens. {Gleanings,
184. ) Have two candy holes, the inner one
filled with softer candy, which will be hard
enough to use when the bees get to it. He
also thinks that honey, not candy, is the
ultima llmle of excellence, if ever we can
get there.

Frogs and toads have no sly game to keep
bees from stinging when swallowed. Prof.
Cook found the stings sticking inside the
throat of a frog. Gleanings, 184. I sup-
pose it is not the poison that hurts us, but
the spasm and inflammation of our poisoned

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

141

tissues. And the cold tissues of reptiles
seem to be uuresponsive, so that there is no
spasm or inflammation, consequently no
pain.

Doolittle improves the excellent wet grass
method of keeping out robbers by putting
a little dry grass underneath, and plenty of
wet grass on top. Gleanings, 192. This I
suppose is to enable the bees from within to
get back when they force themselves out an
inch or so. Some are likely to perish if the
whole mass is very wet.

According to M. W. Shepherd (Gleanings
22.'),) when an old maid is rescued too late
in life her children are cross and disagreea-
ble. Don't more than half believe it, do
you ?

Better read the whole article of Dr. Beall
on syrup by percolation. ( Gleanings, 22i'>.)
No granulation or souring, and specific
gravity of 1.3.% as against 1.317 for the best
that can be done with heat.

A Stingy round- up

In the Aineriean Bee-Keeper for March
Doolittle leads off with an important method
of increase, and postponement of swarming
— the best he has found in his case, and very
likely the best for many similar locations.
" Similar " means only one harvest, that one
pretty early, and its date easy to predict.
Don't make artificial colonies too early, else
you may have a carnival of swarming Justin
time to spoil your harvest. Ten days before
the harvest begins is the time to fix things.
The method makes three colonies and a
nucleus from two colonies and a nucleus,
thus : The new No. 1 receives all the
bees of the original No. 1, but empty
combs, all the original combs being carried
away. The nucleus just gets one of these
combs in exchange for a comb with queen
and bees on it. The original No. 2 is just
carried away bodily, and becomes No. 3—
losing all its flying bees of course, but get-
ting (). K. for business during the ten days.
And thus the new No. 2, on the same stand
as the original No. 2, has the combs and
brood of No. 1, queen and body guard from
the nucleus, and the location and flying bees
of the original No. 2 — and they get ready for
business in the ten days. And Doolittle's
approval is equal to that of any experiment
station yet on the globe.

Demaree has experimented on reducing
raw nectar in the combs, by heat and a cur-
rent of air. Am. Bee-Keeper, 35.

John F. Gates gives a method of opera-
tions, in ^*)i. Bee-Keeper 37, which is a curi-
ous hybrid between old times and new. And
if that new method of starting a swarm at
will (as Eugenia routed Rambler) if that's
going to work, the Gates method may have
a great run. Here we have it. Keep all
your old stock in large, first rate box hives ;
and expect nothing of them but swarms.
Hive the swarm on the old stand in small
empty frame hives, excluder on top, and get
lots of surplus. In the fall kill old queen (if
desired) and clap the two hives atop each
other, that they may unite at leisure. In the
spring extract the frames, render the combs,
and have things ready for the same round
again — and the goose hangs high, singing
what a wise goose am I. Gates ventilates
these box hives for winter with a vengeance
— top, bottom and front — but perhaps he's
all right ; I'm rapidly getting broad minded
on that subject.

Charles C Hardy (Am. Bee-Keeper, 39)
says Doolittle's bees murmur in the cellar
because they smell mice. H'm, h'm.

I hardly felt like laughing at that balance
sheet of /S'uccess (republished in Gleanings,
334.) Too pathetic. Friend Sage, you might
have been excused from that. Or does
bravado help some souls to bear hard
pinches, even if the rest of the world does
laugh ?

RiOHABDS, Lucas Co., Ohio, April 21, '94.

ADVERTISEMENTS

nin niflnnilllT on foundation and sec-

BIG DISuOUNT grA-.j!;'s,''SST«

cts. No. 1 sections, $3.75
per M. Eveything cheap ; price list free.
4-9-l-6t E. H. TRUMPER, Bankers, Midi.

AUGHTERS of one of Doolittle's best,
5 - banded breeders mated to selected
drones from -Jennie Atchley's 5 - banded
strain, untested, 75 cts ; 6 for $4.25.
5-94-tf L. H. ROBEY. Worthington, W. Va.

P. S. — Queens ready May 25th,

Golden Queens

From Tennessee, as good as the best, Untested,
$1.00; tested, $1.50; selected tested, $2.50; extra
selected, $4.00 ; three-banded, tested, for $1.00.
STEWART BROS.,
5.94.3tr Sparta, Tenn.

Please mention the Reuiew.

142

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEWS

If yon are not using the

New Heddon Hive

It may seem incredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results with considerable less
labor and much more comfort tlian with otlier
styles of Iiives, but a fair and impartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as set forth in my circu-
lar, will show that this statement is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for the asking.
11-93-tf A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

Muth's :

ONEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Cold-Blast Smok rs

S^u&re Glass Horjey Jarj, Etc.

For- (Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., (Uncinnati, O.
Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

7-94-tf. Pleasp li/lenfion the Review.

NEW YORK CITY

Is the center of more R. R. and Ex. Co's, than
any Other place in the country. That means low
transportation cliarges. Combined with this the
fact that our prices are low and supplies first-
class, sliows a reason WHY you should send for
our circular.

i. .J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place, 1-94-12 New York, N. Y.

200 Nuclei For Sale.

Each nucleus contains two frames of bees and
brood and a 5-banded Italian queen The price
is $2.00 each. 1,000 queens, all 5-banded, will be
ready to mail the first week in .luue. Send for
sample of bees and price list.

N. H. SMITH,

4.94. tf Bos 2. Tilbury Center, Ont., Canada.

Pleaf^ mention *he Review.

SPECIAL FOR

CANADIANS.

Send postal for our Illustrated Catalog of
Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Bees, Queens, Honey and
Household Conveniences.
MYERS BROS..

Stratford, Ont., Canada.

Please mention the Review.

QUEENS

Smokers, Sections,

Comb Foundation
And all Apiariftn Supplies
cheap. Send for
T. FLANA(iAN, Belleville, III.

-94-tf.

Please mention the Review.

As tlie FouiiMloii

Is supported while the
section is being brought
to an upright position, it
never lops over and
breaks during this opera-
tion. This is the strong
point in favor of the
Woodcock Foundation
Fastener. It has other
points in its favor; the
foundation is always pla-
ced exactly in the center
of the section, while tlie
work is done perfectly,
quickly and easily. R. L,
Taylor and other promi-
nent bee - keepers who
have used it are greatly
pleased with it. Price,
$1.00. I)isc(mnt to dealers.

M. WOODCOCK, Flint, Michigan.

The Practical Bee - Keeper

Possesses brightness, reliability, honesty, purity
of tone, circulation, and the confidence of its
readers. In addition it is PRACTICAL from
cover to cover. Published monthly, 50 cents per
annum. Sample copy on application. Thr
Pbaotioal for one year and one genuine Five-
Banded Golden Italian Queen for $1.00.

THE PRACTICAL BEE-KEEPER,

Tillbury Center, Ontario, Can.

Mrs. Oliver Cole '><';v:

a PORTICO

E containing
one 2-frame nucleus with . PURE ITALIAN
QUEEN, YELLOW, BEAUTIFUL, PROLIFIC,
in June for $2 75 each, two for $5.00.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS of the latest vari-
eties, for sale cheap. Send for circular to

5 94-lt Si^erburne, Chenango Co. N. Y.

QUEENS YELLOW AS GOLD,

Reared from Doolittle's famous strain. Three-
banded or leatlier colored from Imported Italian
mothers These qaeens are perfectit)n and prices
away down. CLEVELAND BBOS., Stamper, Uiss.

5~94-tf Please mention the Review.

[ SECTIONS CHEAP. \

« Until sold, we will sell the sections listed »

J below, in quantities of 500 or more, at $1,50 ?

5 per thousand for creams, and $l.t)0 per one ••

5 thousand for No. 2"s; all i^.i x 4I4. J

1 41,000, 2-inch creams. 5

5 47.000, Vi inch creams. <i

5 116,000, I'ii-inch creams. 5

5 134,000, 7-to-the-ft creams. I

5 37,000, 2 -inch No. 2'8 S

5 91,000, 1 15-16 in. No. 2'8. i

5 20,000, I'b -inch No. 2.s. %

5 87,000, 1 13-16 in. No. 2'8. %

i 253,000, 7-to-the-ft No. 2'8 ^

i PAGE & KEITH, New London, wis. 5

K 4-94'tf. Please mention the Review. ^

I'HJb BEE-KEEPERS REVIJ^W-

143

Dr. J. W. CRE/SSHAW, Versailles, Ky., Offers for Sal?

QHTeiSTeiD QQEEHS

At $1.00 each ; after July 1st., 75 cts. Only the yellowest ( " 5-banded " ) variety, and as good queens
as anybody can rear. Bred from ouly the best mothers possible to obtain. Imported siock mated
to yellow drones, same price. Any of Koot's goods at his prices. Send for circular. Book your
orders now and get your queens and supplies when needed. Queens ready in May. 3-94-tf

THE ODELL

TYPE WRITER.

00(1 willbuy the ODELL TYPEWRITER
iDtUand CHECK PERFORATOR, with

7S Characters, and $15 for the SINGLE CASE
ODELL, warranted to do better work than
any machine made.

It combines Simplicity with Durability, Speed,
Easy of Operation, wears longer without cost of
repairs than any other machine. Has no ink
ribbon to bother the operator. It is Neat, Sub-
stantial, nickel plated, perfect and adapted to
all kinds of type writing. Like a printing press,
it produces sharp, clean, legible, manuscripts.
Two to ten copies can be made at one writing.
Any intelligent person can bcct>mea good opera-
tor in two days. We offer $|,0OO to any
operator who can equal the work of the Double
Case Odell.

Reliable Agents and Salesmen wanted. Special
Inducements to Dealers.

For Pamphlet giving Indorsements, &c., ad-
dress

ODELL TYPE WRITER CO..

5-94-3t 358 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

5till Alive!

12 full numbers of

SUCCESS IN BEE CULTURE

50 cents, or Success one year and Hutchin-
son's " Advanced Bee Culture" 75 cents.

If you prefer we will send Success one
year and Hilton's book " How I Produce
('omb Honey," fresh from our press for 50
cents.

A late sample and two back numbers of
The Bee-Keepeus' Enterprise, 10 cents.

BURTONcIj. sage, Highwood, Conn.

pheFt. wired, comb Ymwm

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat - Boltoiu FoiiiKlatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker tlian any fdn. made.
J. VAN DKIISEN & SONS,

(SOLE manufacturers),

3-flO-tf Sprout Brook, Mcmt. Co.,N-Y

Please mention tlif Review,

FRE£ : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-9-l-l^t

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

Queens, ^ Ser,<I for Pncelijt. ^ ^

riuclei, • •

Colonies ^

S. D. A\cLEArt,
Colurr^bi^, Tetyt).

Please mention the Reuiew.

GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN

SECTIONS.

Our white poplar and basswood sections
will surely please you. Eight - to - the - foot
poplar, seven - to • the - foot and 1 's basswood,
all ■t'4 X 4^4, inches scjuare. Prices of either kind:
500, $1.50; 1,000, $3.00; 2,000, $5.75; 3,000, $8.30;
4,ai0, $10.80; 5,000, $13.25. Samples free.

0. H. TOWNSEND,

2-94-tf Alamo, Kal. Co., Mich.

Illustrated Catalogue free ui)on application

144

THE b,:e-keepers' review.

EE - KEEPEt^S,

Send for free catalogue of 70 pages, describing
Everything Used in the flpiany.

est Goods at Liomest Ppiees. ^rF&:::^%.^^ti^

Atchinson, Kan., St. Paul, Minn., Des Moinee, Dubuque, and Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and other

"'""" 4-M.4t E. KRETCHMER, Red Oak, lotua.

We Will Prepay

Freight on Root's polished seel ions and 16 - sec-
tion sliipping cases, in lots of 5,<iOU and 200 res-
pectively, to be shipped from the factory to
points within 30 ' miles. Send for catalog.
4-94 8t B. Wai-KER, EvArt, VAicb.

— If you are going to—

BUY A BtfZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you liappy by telling you tlie price at
which he would sell it.

GOLDEN

ITlLltN

QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. l)o not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1894. For
the price, we have the best spraying outfit made.
Send 11.50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-9412t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Reuieiu.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

194-12t. RIVER PALLS, WIS.

HUSTLERS !

Read wliat one of the largest bee-keepers of
this country says. '"The queens (two doz.) came
promptly.' They are an extra fine lot. The bees
are finely marked, gentle, and HUSTLERS
when it comes to honey. I have no trouble in
picking them out now from over ijOO colonies.'"
W. L. ('oaosHALL, West Grot on, N. Y.. October
17, ISW?.

Prices for queens bred for business from the
above strain, 5-BANDED. are in May. $1.00; after
May, 75 cents ; V^ dozen in May or June, $4.00 ;
doz. $7.50; July and later, six for $3.50; doz,,
$6.50. Single (lueens WARRANTED purely ma-
ted. I Guarantee all queens to arrive safely and
to bo (iOOD RELIABLE queens Send for free
circular. Draw M. (). on. and address

J. B. CASE, Port Orange,

11 93 tf Vol. Co., Klorida.

WALTER S. POUDER,

162 Uus. Ave. Indianapolis, Ind.

■■M Standard Goods — Popular
I Y\ Prices— Catalogue Free.
ImIi "BVSV BEES"

A book telling how to man-
age them-io CIS. in stamps ; or free to
those sending names of 5 bee-keepers

P/easi- mention ,'iic fleuieiv.

KNOCK DOW^N :

Yes, I have a large stock of D. T. Hives,

Supers. Frames, Sections, etc., all in the "knock

down," and ready to ship at a moment's notice.

Write at once for large catalogue an<l i^rice

list of everything needed in the apiary

E. L. KINCAID,

3-94tf Walker, Vernon Co., Mo.

Please mention the Reuiew.

FIVE - BANDED. &OLDEN ITALIANS.

We are the most extensive breedero in America
of those wonderful, gray Carniolans : the liardi
e.st, tlie best of honey gatherers and the gentlest
bees in the world ! Considering all points, we
have never found a race of bees ( and we have
tried them all ) tha' could compare with them.
A complete description of this wonderful race
of bees will be sent to all who write and ask for
it. Bee-keeping friends, g've the gray Carnio-
lans a fair trial, and you will be convinced that
what we say of them is true.

Our five - bandeil, gohJen Italians are guaran-
teed to be the equal of any in this country, as
regards gentleness, hardiness and working qual-
ities, as we follow the best known methods for
producing first - class, business queens. Our
queen rearing apiaries are four miles apart
with lake George between the two races. Prices
of queens of either race are as follows.

May June July Aug.

$1.25 $1.00 75 65

2.50 2.00 1..50 1.25
Prices on large orders, iin|)ortod and best
breeding queens sent upon api)lication. 3-94-tf

One untested queen,
" Tested

F. A. LOGKHART&GO.,

Lake George, N.Y.

entiun the Reu

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

145

>^i',^ i^>t^)i|j^^^tt^^tj^^^^^^

Was awarded World's Fair medal. Dealers and others, write for samples and prices. C'

The finest polished Sections and Dovetailed Hives in any quantity. Large, Illustra- f i

ted Price List of everything needed in the apiary sent free; it also contains a large J^

amount of information. Address M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. 4-y4-4t £

SNOW WHITE
SECTIONS

^C^. C^C/ per 1,000; Dovetailed Hives,
nailed up, $1.00 each ; 1V4 story hives, furnished
for comb honey, $1.50 each; comb foundation
and a full line of bee-keepers' supplies. Twenty
page price list free. J. M. KINZIE ,

1.94-tf Rbchester, Mich.

Please mention the Reuiew.

J. W. K. SHAW & CO.,

Breeders of

ITALIAN • QUEENS,

Have for years furnished the LARGEST Queen
Deilers in the United States ; but give special
attention to Single Orders, at a slight advance
t n dealer's prices.

Tested Queens, $1.00 each. Untested, 75c. (six
for $4.00. )

Iboria Par. 4.94.tf LOREAUVILLE, LA.

GOLO[N OU[ENS from ]mi

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAUTY AND GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— March . April and May—
$1 00 each. 150 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders, $1.50 each. Order early. Sond for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,

4-94-6t Box 3. LibBON.TEX.

Please mention the Review.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St , N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

WE have a large stock of SECTIONS now
ready, both No. 1 and No. z, \\ rite for
special prices on winter orders in large or small
lots, including all other Su[>plios. Also Berry
Crates and Baskets made up or in flat.

Address, BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,
l-94-6t Berlin Heights, Ohio.

A Superior 5tr&in of Gol<Ien ItaliAns

The result of thirteen years' careful brpeding and selection. They are gentle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter the sections readily, cap their honey the whitest,
are not inclined to swarm, and arc second to none in beauty. : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of young
queens, warranted purely mated, in April and May, $1.25 each ; six for $(!.00. In
June, $1.00 each ; six for $.").0I) From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $1..50.
The price of tested queens, bees by the pound, nuclei and full colonies given upon
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

SECTI07S5» $2.00 per 1,0(10. Lovetailed Hives at bottom prices,
particulars, send for descriptive catalogue.

For full
1-94-tf

C. D. DUVALL, Speaoerville, Mont. Co.. Maryland.

146

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

QUEEN5,

Either golden or leather color
ed ; us good as any and better
than many. Try one queen and
bo convinced. Satisfaction is
guaranteed. Warranted queen,
$100; tested, $1.50; selected,
$2.50. Queens ready to ship
June let. JOS. ERWAY,
5-94-tf Havana, N. Y.

Please mention the fteuiew.

mm ' ITALIflN • OUEENS,

The best of untested, five banded Italian
queens at 75 cts each; three for $2.00; '/i dt)zen,
$4.00. Untested queens from imported stock
at the same price. 3-94-tf

W. A. COMPTOH, Lyiiiivillc, Tcuii.

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. t'oi.WlOK, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALiIAN
QUEEN ( roared in 1.S93 ) for $1.25. Untested
queens in April or May al $1.00 each or $9.00 per
dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be shipped when wanted.
2-91-tf J. N. COLWICK. Norse, Texas.

Please mention the Review.

Combs Fop Sale.

1 have 100 good, straight worker (^)mbs, in
Simplicity frames that I will sell for 10 cents
eacli. Also four Jloddon hives filled with good
straiglit worker combs, for $2.10 each. $16.00

cash, takes both lots.

ELMER HUTCHINSON,

5.94.11 Vassar. Mich.

Homc^HRade,

FOOT - FOWEK,

BUZZ-SAW.

I have for sale a home made, foot-power buzz-
saw made by my brother. The frame work and
table are well and substantially made, the main
shaft and ban(( wheel are of iron, and the man-
drel one of Root's $3.50 mandrels, with a seven
inch saw. Although the machine has been used
a year or two it is in perfect order, and is probably
as desirable in all respects as any foot-power
saw made. It is offered for *l,s.(l().

W. Z, HUT(;HINS0N, Flint, Mich.

Illustraieil Advertisements Attract Attention.

cms FurnlsM for all illnslratlng Purposes.

il Gookin?- Stove for Sale.

Last summer we changed about the internal
arrangements of our house, and the wood -stove
is now in a room by itself, hence we shall not be
annoyed by its heat anil will so seldom use oui
oilstove that we have decided to offer the latter
for sale. It is of the Monitor nuike, the best of
any with which I am acquainted, is perfectly
safe, much njoreso than an ordinary lamp, which
cannot be said of the use of gasoline. The reser-
voir is back away from the burners, of which
there are four, and the same number of griddles.
Anything that can be done witli an ordinary
gasoline stove can be done with this one, whilo
at the same time there is perfect safety. Tlu^
whole outfit, including an oven, cost $22.00, but
it will be sold for only SKM'O, and it is practi
cally as good as new. Descriptive circulars will
be sent upon application. f)r any in<iuiries cheei -
fully answered, W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

Flint, Mich.

Last fall 1 put 1.35 colonies of Italian and
hybrid bees in the cellar, and this spring
took out K{8 in fine condition. I never had
bees winter better or build up faster in the spring; but I have more than J can man-
age, and must sell about fifty colonies. They are in eight-franu>, Langstroth hives,
strictly iirst-class in every respect, and tafe arrival will be guaranteed. I have put
the price at such a figure that seems they Mi;sT go ; it is $4.t)0 for a single colony, or
only $:].50 each when five are taken at one time. WM. IDEN,

I'^tna Green, lud.

^^^^^^5^^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

147

- _<• „. ^ Bingham AHetherington Uncapping Knife. SS

Blngrham Perfect Smokers.

Cheapest and Best on Earth .
Patented 1878, 1882 and 1892.

PRICES OF BINGHAM

Perfect Smote and Bliiitiam I Hcllieri:|toii Hone? KiilTes.

ti DoctoPH, ;i'2 inch $7.00

6 (^oucjuerors, 3 inch, . . .,6.00

6 LarKc, 2^4 inch, 4.50

6 Extra, 2 " 3.7.5

6 Plaiti* 2 " .... 2.40
6 Wonders, 1% inch, . . . 2.r)0
6 Knives, 3.50

1 per mail . .

..$1.95

.. 1.75

.. 1.25

.. 1.00

.. .70

.. .65

.. .80

2 per mail, at oni- time,... $3.50

2 .... 3.00

2 " •' " .... 2.25

2 " " •• .... 1.90

2 ' .... 1.30

2 .... 1.20

2 ... 1..50

*The Plain does not have the coiled steol wire handle, neither tlie bent cap for
throwing the smoke at right angles. All the others have all our new improvements.

The movable bent cap enables the operator to instantly change a curved shot to a
straight one, and vice versa, thus throwing smoke downward without spilling ashes ; adds
durability and convenience and is cheaply replaced if injured. The wire liandle is always
cool for opening and closing the smoker when re-filling with fuel, which should be sound,

d„..„„™od. ^_ p_ BINGHAM, Abronia, Mich.

P B 3-

< a fi-
ts on 2 00
vi CD I2.-.D
® .-+B .*"

-r2.M.S-
<B y.» p-

<-) < fD

5'® f» 3.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYPE - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odoll, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars,
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing each a machine.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on
the

'BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

I T^^F^^I I

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
\\ 1' have everything in tiptop order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. pOJ^JMCROOK &. CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

Jan. 1st, 1894.

THE BEST OF ALL ARE THE

ALBINO BEES.

TAKE NOTICE :-After the iirst of June. I
will fill orders for the first 100 untested queens
at 60 cents each. Send in your orders at ouco
and avail yourself of this special offer.
S. VALENTINE,

5 94-lt Hagerstown, Md.

Givep Away,

Our new catalogue of Bees and Bee-Keepers'
Supplies to any sending their address. It con-
tains the latest prices on HlVE?, CRftTE5f
SECTIONS, POUMDATIOW, and the now
Stirer FEEDER; one of the best feeders in
the market -just tlie thing for spring feeding.

OLIVER HOOVER fir CO.,

4.94-tf Riverside, Pa.

W^ r^ r^ CIIDDI ICQ Such as Hives Sections, Founda-

I J I L_ oUrri-.IC.O tiqn, extractors, and Everything

II I I Else Used by a Bee - keeper. Also Clover Seed, Buck-
I— ^ L« l_ wheat. BEES andQUEENS. Large Wholesale and Retail

CATALOG FREE, i.me.se stock.^^^ JQS. NYSEWANDER, Dbs MoJnBS. lowa.

148

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax-that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QH&S. D&DANT & SON, HailliltOn, IIIS.

4-94-121

Please mention the Reuie'i

W. R. STIRLING,

MANUFACTUBEE OF

Tie MoM Bee -Hive,

Frames, Sections, Feeders,
Smokers, Extractors, Honey
Cans, Shipping Cases, Bee
Veils, etc., also breeder of

Italian Queens.

l-94-4t Send for price list to

w. R. 'STIRLINS, Rondeau. BOX 9, Ontario, Canada.

Send me Your Name ^^?i/

send my pamphlet " How I produce comb hon-
ey," and my catalog of apiarian supplies free.
4-94-3t GEO. E. HILTON, Fremont, Mich.

— — \/ Queens rank with the best in

#^r^ T the world. I rear none ex-

1 I 1 cept the best Italians bred for

III business, beauty and all good

III (lualities. I strive to excel, and

III have shipped to every State and

■ I to foreign countries, and if I have

1 la dissatisfied customer, I don't

~ A know it. A large number of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and

.5 band, $2.00; straight 5 band, $3 00 Untested,

$1.00. Reference, A. I. iioot. W. H. LAWS,

2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

GRAY CARNIOLAN

Bees and Queens will be bred for sale the coming
season by JOHN ANDREWS, Patten's Mills,
N. Y. They winter well and breed up rapidly.
Hence are well adapted to both Northern and
Southern latitudes. Send for circular. 3-94 tf

Please mention the Review.

Golclen

Queen5>

Bred from the best strains for business and
beauty. Untested queens at 75 cts. each, or two
for $1.25. W. J. POREHAfiD,

5 94-tf Fort Deposit, Ala.

Please mention the Rnuiew,

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by C W.
Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

3^^^^^

The Progbessive Bee - Keepeb is the
name of a journal for which you ought to
subscribe. Although the price is only 50
cts., the journal is first-class in every re-
spect. Dr. Miller calls it " the really pro-
gressive, Pbogbessive." During the past
year it has received more favorable notices
from the bee-keeping press than has any
other journal. Its subscription list is six
times what it was a year ago when taken
in charge by Mr. Leahy.

We are also the largest manufacturers of
apiarian supplies west of the Mississippi.
Kindly send us your name and we will send
you a sample copy of the Pbooekssivk

of apiarian supplies.

Bee-Kkkpeh; also our beautifully illustrated catalogue

LiElA.IiY' l^'F'O OO., ^ligginsvill©, Xi-lissou.ri

JUNE, 1894,

At Fliqt, Mid^igaiq. — Oqe Dollar a Year,

150

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW-

Rdvehtisii^g {^rtes.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; b
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Hist.

KANSAS CITY Mo -We 4«"t« o%^„ g."§^'i
No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; No 1 amber, 12 to IS wo i
dark, 8 to 10 ; white extracted, 6 ; amber, 5 , dark,
4. Beeswax, 20 to 33.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,

June 6. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

BUFFALO, N. Y.--Small amount of honey on
hand and trade is slow, mostly for off grades
that bring from 7 to 10 cts. We c,uote as ollows:
Fancv white. 13 to 14; No. 1 white, 1^1 to i.- 2,
fancy dirk 8 to 9; No. 1 dark, 7 to 8 ; beeswax,

25 to 30. cts.

BATTERSON&CO..
June 5. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

1 will send the Review with—
Gleanings, ... ...... (^J-^j • • • ■

American Bee Journal. . . .( l.OO) • ■ • •

Canadian Bee Journal ...( 1-"") • ■ ■
American Bee Keeper ... I .50) . . . .

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50) . . .

Bee Keepers' Guide ( .50) . . . .

Apiculturist .•■•', • 'pis —

Bee-Keepers' Enterprise . . ( .50) . .

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 130.
. 1.40.
. 1.65.
. . 1.40.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.-AII sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoied
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. l.-AU sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
wi^h but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark! That is, there will be fancy white,
" No. 1 dark," etc,

NEW YORK. N. Y. -There is no comb honey
on the market and no demand for any. i&e
market is well stocked with all gffdesot ex-
tracted honey but the demand is l>ght. We quote
common at 50 cts per gallon-better grades at 55
and 60 cts per gallon. Beeswax is firm at 28 cts.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

June 6. 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,--The market is very
weak at present, but, evidently will »«, of]^*^
T^tfon. \Ve quote as follows : Fancy white 16
tol7 No.l white,15; fancy amber, 13>/, toll;
No 1 amber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 : white extracted.
6^ to 7^ amber extracted, 6; dark extracted, SVi.
J. A. SHEA & CO.,

116 First Ave.. North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Jan. 2. .

CHICAGO, Ill.-The supply of comb honey
now on hand is confined almost exclusively to
the culls of last season's crop - the colors oeing
yellow brown and black; for such, low P"ce8
Tre accepted. A little fine white conib honey
, that came in this week brought 15 cts Ex-
tracted is duU and ranges from 4 to 6 cts. Bees

'^^''^ ^^' R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

June 5. . 161 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO. 111.— The only comb honey we
have in stock is from California, one pound sec-
tfons^orty eight to a case, with glass front, and
we are selling it at from 12 to 13 cts, a pounti de
pendfng on^'quality. Repacked into smaller
^ws one cent per pound extra Demand at
?hfs Reason of the year limited. We are selling
basswood ctover and California sage at b cts
ner^ount , while Southern honey is selling at 5
cts. Beeswax, 26 cts. Special quotations fur-
nished on application.

lane 10 8. T. FISH & Co.,

J une lu. ^gg ^^ ^^^^^ g^_^ (Chicago, 111.

Texas Ree^rcd
Golden Italian Queens

RRED for BUSINESS and BEAUTY, March,
SS/'andSlay, Untested «!•"«; Tested «..^>0^

"-tJir Depol.^am^S,^ex.

CHK^AGO Ill.-The honey market is very dull
at last month's ouotations; but we have moved
considerable 8toc\ at 13 ctsand believe that 13 to
14 will rule for the balance of the season There
is plenty of inquiry for beeswax with none to ot-
fer. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13 to
14 ; No. 1 white, 13 ; fancy amber, 12; white ex
tracted, 5 to 6 ; beeswax, 25^ ^ ^AMON.

Mar. 7. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

(jjAMP^ NCUBATORS

* BROODERS

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE

f>Moas f^F'G.(p.

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

151

PliANTlHG POn HOHEY

Is ag"ain being- ag^itated to some extent in the bee journals.
There are conditions under which it will pay, and pay
well, to plant for honey alone, but they are very few ; there
are other conditions under which it will pay to plant, or
to secure the planting of, such useful crops as will yield
honey ; and there are localities in which neither will prove
profitable. You ma}- lose by not planting- and you ma}'
lose more by planting- ; better read what the book, Ad-
vanced Bee Culture has to say on the subject. It may
put money in your pocket, or save that already there.

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HOTCHlNSOfi, Flint, meh.

GO TO

HEAD

Fii7Cb'5 Foundation,

MADE BY

An Irnprovecl Procejj,

QUARTERS

FOR 4 AND 5 BANDED B^^t ^P^ Cb^^P^St.

,-^ , , —^ ^_ _ , -^ SEE SAMl'LES FROM

QUEENS

S[)ecial, breeiling queen, $5.( 0

I5cst, select, tested, 3.00

Tested, . 2.,50

Untested,. 1.00

" per dozen, 9.00

L. L. HEARN.
7-f'3-tf Oakvale .W. Va

W. J. FIMCH Jr.,

Springfi^N, lllinoij. 4-W-4t

EE SUPPLIES!

, Send for free copy of IIiIiTJSTR ATED

I CATAliO© TIE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G.Newman, 147 So.Western Ave. .Chicago.

FREE— To IVew Subscribers
Newman's "Bees and Honey."

This book treats of the minagement
of an apiary for pleasure and profit.
Over 200 pages, and over 200 illus-
trations. The book lor beisinners
or the more advanced. Send $1.00
for the American Bee Journal 1
year (weekly) and get the book Free.
The "Bee Journal" has 32 i)ages—
■jstablished in 1861. Sample Free.

, a Choice of tiiese BEE-BOOKS
% " Scientific Queen ■ Rearing."

fK By G. M. Doolittle (portrait shown
ti_ herewith). Tells how the very best
f«, Queen-Bees are reared in accord
tx with Nature's way. 176 pages. $1.00
t*? for this book and "Bee Journal"
[K one year. Address,

t GEORGE W.YORK & CO.

^ 56 Fifth Avenue, • Chicago, III.

152

THE BKE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW.

li" you iirv uot nsiiiy: tlio

New Heddon Hive

li may Hi'ctii iii<M-c(lil>lc that it would ('iial)li> you
to ohtaiii th(> sanio rcKults willi couHiclcrablo Ic'-m
labor and iiiu'h Mu.rn comfort Ihau witli otijcr
Hlylc-s of hivos, but a fair and iiniiartial consid-
eration (if till" rnaHons. as 8(!l: forth in my circu-
lar, will show that this statoment is not oyor-
diawn and t'lecircular is yours for flio asking.
ll-'.i;i-lf A. E. IIOSHAL, IJoamsville, Ont.

Mutti's :;

lONEY EXTRACTOR

I'KKKKCriON
>ld-Blast Sniok is
Square GIzvss Hopcy Jar?, Etc.

For ('irculars, apply to Chah. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Fro(^man & Coutral Avos.. Cincinnati, O.
SondlOc. for Practical Hmte to Boo Keepers.

1-94-tf. PleaSK Wmtion fie Rmiem.

NEW YORK CITY

Is lh(v (•(Mitor of more K. H. and I'lx. Co's, than
any Other plac(^ in the country. That means low
transportation cIuuk('h. Condnned with this the
fact that our prices are low and supplies tirst-
clnss, shows a reason VVllV you should send tor
our circular.

1. J. STIUNCHAM,
105 Park Place, 1-94-12 Now York, N. Y.

200 Nuclsi For Sale.

Each nucleus contains two franus of boes ati<l
brood and a r)-l)andi(l Italian (lueen The ]>riee
is #2.01) each. 1,01)11 <pieen--, all .^ banded, will bi>
ready to mail t hi' lirst wei^k in June. Send for
samphi of bees and price list.

N. H. SMITH,
l.i)l tf Ho.x 2. Tilbury Center, Ont., (^anaila?

SPECIAL. FOR

CANADIANS.

Send postal for our Illustrated CataloKof
Boe-K(!eper8' Sui>plie8, Hees, Queens, Honey and
Household ( 'oin eiiiences.
MYERS BROS..

Stratford, Ont., Canada.

Pleuse mention the fieuiew.

QUEENS

Smokers, Sections,

Comb Foviudation
And 111! Aiiinrinn Sii|i|iliei
rlicHf). SimhI for

KI.ANAtMN, llollrvlllr. III.

Reuie

I -ill I J

As tliG FoiuKlatioii

Is supported while the
section is Ix'iuK bro\i>;lit
to an ui)riKht position, it
never lops o v e r a nd
bro d<s during this opera-
tion. This is the stronR
point in favor of the
Woodcock Koundation
Fastener. It has other
l)oints in its favor; the
foun<lation is a'ways pla-
ced exactly in the center
of the secti.m, while tlio
woik is done perfectly,
quickly and easily. K. L,
Taylor and other promi
neiit bee keepers who
have used it are greatly
pleased with it. Price,
$1.00. Discount todealprs.

M. WOODCOCK, FLINT, MICHIGAN.

The Practical Bee -Keeper

Possesses brif,'lilnes8, reliability, honesty, purity
of tone, circulation, and the conlidenee of its
readers. In addition it is PI{A( TICAI. from
cover to cover. Published monthly, T)') cents per
annum Sample copy on application. Thk
PuAOTioAi. for one year and one fienuine Five-
Banded (iolden Italian Qmwu for mM>-

THE pua(;ti(;al beic-kefper,

Tillbury ("enter, Ontario, ("an.

. Oliver Cole -^'iv^

PORTICO

'E containing
or.e 2-frame luicleus with I'UHK ITALIAN
QUEEN, YELLOW, BEAUTIFUL, PROLIFK^,
in. rune for $2 7.') each, two for ff^.OO.

STHAWBEKIJY PLANTS ot the latest vari-
t^ties, for sale cheap. Send for circular to

r)9i-lt S erburne. Chenango Co. N. Y.

rntflPW I'NTESTEI) tiUEENS,
krUkiJA^I Doolittle's besi by Dool

For breeders the very feesf $1 T)

raised fponi
I) Doolittle's besi by Doolittle method,
0") CIS each. For breeders the very feesf $1 T) .
Those (iU'M>ns are all very yi>llow -most of them
YELLOW AS GOLD Fine t(>s(ed frcmi im-
ported Italian mother, $1 Oii, Safe delivery.
M mey order office, Decatur.

t;LEVEL.\Nl) BROS.,
5-114 tf Stamper, Newton Co-, Miss.

i SECTIONS CHEAP. \

Until sold, we will sell the sections listed
below, in quantities of 500 or more, at iPl,50
])er thousand for creams, and $H)0 per one
thousand for No. 2 8; all I'l x4'i.
II,(I(K), 2-itu'h creams.
17.000, l-'.i inch creams,
lUi.OdO, r',i-incli creams.
i;il,t)00, 7-to-the-ft eri!i ms.
•i7,00t), 2 -inch No. 2'«
'.)l,ii()0, 1 15-U) in. No. 2'8
20.000, I'h - inch No. 2.s.
^S7.' 00. 1 i:Ul) in. No. 2'8.
:.'.5;?,0tH), 7-to-tlie-ft No. '^'e

P>!}E & KEITH, New LOllllOll, WIS.

4.94 -t).

mention the Rev

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

153

Dr. J, W. CRENSHAW, Versailles, Ky., Offers for Sai^

At fl.OO oaoh ; after July let., 75 cts. Only the yoUowest ( " 5-banded" ) variety, and as sood queens
as anybody can rear. Bred from only the beet mothers possible to obtain. lmporte<l siock mated
to yellow drones, same price. Any of Root's goods at his prices. Send for circular. Boiik your
orders now and get your queens and supplies when needed. Queens ready in May. 3-94 tf

THE ODELL

TYPE WRITER.

willhuythoODELL TYPE WRITER
and CHECK PERFORATOR, with
7,s Characters, and $15 for tlin SINGLE CASE
ODELL^ warranted to do better work tliau
auy macliine made.

It combines Simplicity with Durability, Speed,
Easy of Operation, wears longer without cost of
repairs than any other machine. Has no ink
ribbon to bother tlie operator. It is Neat, Sub-
stantial, nickel plated, perfect and adapted to
all kinds of typo writing. Like a printing press,
it produces sharp, clean legible, manuscripts.
Two to ten copies can bo made at one writing.
Any intelligent person can become a good opera-
tor in two days. We offer $l,0OO to any
operator who can equal tlio work of the Double
CaneOdell.

Reliable Agents and Salesmen wauled. Special
Inducements to Dealers.

For Pamphlet giving Indorsements, &c., ad-
dress

ODELL. TYPE WRITER. CO.,

5-94-3t 35 S Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

Gombs Fop Sale.

I have 100 good, straight worker Combs, in
Simplicity frames that I will sell for 10 cents
each. Also four Heddon liivos filled with good
straiglit worker combs, for S--10 each. $16.00
cash, takes both lots.

ELMER HUTt^HINSON,

5. 94.lt Vassar. Mich.

PHENT. WIRED, COMB FOONDATIOS

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

THiii, Flat - Boitoiii Foniiilalioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being tlie cleanest, it is usually

worked quicker than any fdn. made.

J. VAN DEIISKN & SONS,

(sole manukaoturers),

:i-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. (;o.,N-Y

Phase mention the Keuieui.

GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN

SECTIONS.

Our white poplar and basswood sections
Will surely please you. Eight - to - the - foot
poplar, seven - to - the - foot and 1 % basswood.
all 4^4 X 4'4 inches square. Prices of either kind:

riOU, $1.50; 1,000, S:j.OO; 2,000, $'.7.5; B,000, fJS.IJO;
4,000, $10.80; .'i.OOO, $1X2:,. Samples free.

0. H. TOWNSEND,

2-94-tf

Alamo, Kal. Co., Mich.

lllnstratefl Advertisements Attract Attention.

Cuts FurnlsM for all illnstrating Purposes,

The best of untested, five banded Italian
queens at 75 cts each ; three for $2.00; !4 dozen,
$4.00. Untested queens from imported stock
at the same price. ;^.<i4.tf

W. A, COMPTON, Lpville, Ttlili.

Oil Cooking -Stove for Sale.

Last eummer we changed about tlie inl(^riial
arrangements of our lionsr, and the wood - .'it<ive
is now in a room by itself, hence we shall not be
annoyed by its heat and will so seldom use oui
oil stove that we luive decided to offer the latter
for sale. It is of the Monitor makc^, the best of
any with which I am aci|Uainted, is jjerfectly
safe, much inoreso than an ordinary lamp, wliici;
cannot be said of the use of gasoline. The re^eI■
voir is back away from the burners, of which
there are four, and the same number of griddles.
Anytliing that can be donewith an ordinary
gasoline stove can be done with this one, whil"
at the same time there is perfect safety. Tlie
whole outfit, including an oven, cost .ff22.0(i, but
it will be sold for only $10.(0, and it ispiacti
(•ally as good as new. D(*scriptiv(^ circnlais will
be sent upon application, or any inquiries cheer -
fully answered, W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

Flint, Mich.

154

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Strcpgtb of Blajt

Is not the only good feiture of the Smokers we manu-
facture. Thjy are strong and well made. Of the Clark Cold Blast we have
sold over 150.000 ; and the Crane Hot Blast— well, although new it is taking
like " hot cakes."

The new '94 inodelCrane
is a beauty Among some
of its distinguishing fea-
tures are an improved

a device that forces the
air through the cup, eVeh
when crammed with fuel,
and at the ^ uuc time PJc-pTJ"
Vi'uts smok-p from going j ~""
into the bellows : a i

I
Hir)g«<l Top 1

secured by a malleable ',
iron liinge accaiately i
milled ar tli" j"int so that
the top will fly squarely
in place. No need of
burning fingers in repl^-u-
it-hing, nor losing the top
oif.

TJ7« Lirjipg

this year consists of a'-bf 6-
toe sheeting around the
outside of the fire-cup; and

CORRUGATED
SHIELD

V-— -'■

over this still is a neat
corrugated shield. This
combination is the most
effective of anything we
liave ever trieii. And last
but not least, the cup is
secured by four small
BOLTS, not screwe.

Price of Crane Smoker,
each in a neat telescope
past board box, $1.60;
or prepaid, $1.95. Deal-
ers, write for wholesale
prices.

N. B.— AVe are the au-
thorized manufacturers.

Don't forget that our
polished

Sections
cannot be excelled. Send
for our 5a page catalog,
and sample of Gleanings
IN Bee - Culture.

J^. I. K,OOT, I^eciina,, Olaio.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic
Have it Doqe at the Review.

WHY BUV

Untested queens when I will WARRASf mj^
quepus purely mated and to give satic^ifaction..
If you have nover tried tuy queens, sencJ
65 cts. for one. Only one (lueen Ht thifs prices'
and then only to a new customer, lie^ular
pricf, $1 00. Be sure to mention the K'SVrtW^
Swedona, Ili^.
(M.O. office. Cable.)

S. F. TREGO,

Please men' ion the Review.

Money Returned toallbdyd}& Porter Bee-Escapes

And not finding themselves perfectly satisfied after testing them. Leading bee-keepers everywhere
use and highly recommend them as great labor saving implements and as the BEST. No others re-
ceived World's Fair Award. Without giving them a trial it is impossible to realize how much of the
most vexatious, annoying and disagreeable work they save. With them the surplus honey can at
all times be taken from the hives unstained by smoke, uninjured by the gnawing of the bees, andl
without inciting robbing, fighting, or any disturbance of the apiary. Prices : Each, postpaid, withi
directions, 20 cts; per doz., $2.25. Testimonials, etc., free. Order from your dealer, or of the
manufacturers, _, ,- -« _ _

R. & E. C. PORTER, LewistOWN. LLS. (mention review.) 4-94.tf

Sections, Bee - Hives an«J otFjer B^^ - K^^p^rs' appliances at

l| Be^ RocH Prices. Best of Goods at Lowest Prices. Write for ?
1^ Catalog and Price List. G. B. LEWIS CO., Wat^rto'wn, Wis. ^

ee-

\eepeps' fleVieou'

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR,
W. Z, HUTCHINSON, Editor and ProDrietor.

VOL. VII

FLiNT, MICHIGAN, JUNE 10.

)4. NO, 6.

AVork at IMioliigaTi's

ExperiiTiental

Apiary.

B. L. TAYLOR, APIABIST.
SUGAR FOR WINTER STORES.

\j?rlTB. a view
AA to bring out
in some measure
if possible the
difference in val-
ue between sugar
syrup and honey
for winter stores
I selected, at the
proper time in
the fall of 1893,
twenty - four col-
onies, one-half of
which were to be fed sugar syrup for winter
stores and the other half to be supplied with
honey for the same purpose. Considerable
care was taken to select and arrange the col-
onies so as to have the two sets as nearly
equal as possible in point of strength but
the bees were not weighed separately from
the hive, the strength being estimated by
the amount of space occupied by the cluster.
This is not a satisfactory course to pursue
when it can be avoided. I now appreciate
the importance of the weighing better than
I did at the time the experiment was under-
taken and that course will be taken if the
experiment is repeated. At some seasons of

the year the manipulation necessary to
secure the separate weight of the bees would
be so objectionable as to preclude its use,
but at the time contemplated it would be
neither objectionable nor very difficult.
Owing to the character of the latter part of
last season few of my colonies were very
strong last fall, and in the effort to select
colonies with such conditions as would facil-
itate the operations of the experiment it
turned out that those selected were consid-
erably below even the average strength and
ia this way another mistake was made which
shjuld not be repeated. It is necessary to
point out further that the colonies selected
were partly in two story Heddon hives and
partly in one story ones and that in order to
deprive one set almost completely of honey
and to supply the other set with an abun-
dance of honey for winter stores, it was
found necessary to so manipulate the hives
that those to be wintered on honey had two
story hives and those to be fed sugar syrup
one story.

These arrangements were made the last of
September and the necessary feeding was
done at once.

The hives were first weighed when they
were put into the cellar, the 15th of Novem-
ber, and again when taken out the first days
of April. It will be observed that two are
wanting from the sugar fed set and three
from those wintered on honey, but as none
of them, as far as appeared, perished on ac-
count of dysentery or on account of any
peculiarity of either kind of stores, nothing

156

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

can be predicated on that fact for or against
either kind of food.

The following figures show the weight of
each hive at each season and the difference
or amount consumed by each in pounds and
ounces :

THE SET WITH SUGAE STOKES.

Fall Weight. Spring Weight. Am't Cone'd.

33-12 29-4 4^8

31 28-8 2-8

30 2G 4

33-4 30-8 2-12

29 26-4 2-12

29-8 26-8 3

32-4 29 a-4

32-4 29-8 3-12

26-12 23-4 3-8

26-8 24-4 2-4

31-4

THE SET WITH HONET STORES.

5t-4

48-8

5-12

57-8

51-12

&-12

56-4

45-8

10-12

63-8

54-12

8-12

4.5-4

39-8

5-12

47-8

7-8

48-4 .

4:^12

4-8

46-8

41-4

5-4

80-12

7-12

61-12
The amount of stores here shown to have
been consumed during the winter is, I think,
remarkably small, at least it is smaller than
any thing I have hitherto become acquainted
with and this proportion seemed to hold
throughout my apiary. Indeed, in most
cases examined, the stores seemed scarcely
touched and though I lost a considerable
percentage, not a colony perished of starva-
tion. But the important point brought out
by this experiment is the economy of feed-
ing sugar syrup for winter stores instead of
honey where feeding is necessary. From an
examination of the figures we find that the
average consumption of sugar stores was but
3V lbs. while that of honey was 6''^ lbs.
nearly, or more Ihan twice as much. This
has added importance when we remember
what has been well established, that gran-
ulated sugar syrup is fully equal to the best
honey as winter food for bees and far safer
for that purpose than any inferior honey.

AN EXPEEIMENT IN OUT-OF-DOOE WINTERING.

With a hope of learning something bear-
ing on the subject of out of door wintering,
I made the following experiment : In No-
vember, at the time when I was putting the
bees into the cellar for the winter, I selected
six colonies of good average strength, each
in a single story Heddon hive, then the hives

were placed one above the other with noth-
ing between them except a single sheet of
wire cloth so prepared that each colony was
provided with its proper entrance. Of course
the lower hive retained its bottom board and
the upper one its cover, but the rest of the
covers and bottom boards were entirely re-
moved. The lower hive was raised about
ten inches from the ground, then the whole
was well packed below and with about four
inches of dry planer shavings on top and on
all sides except about four inches in width
of the front left for the entrances. The
cover was left sufficiently loose to allow the
escape of moisture into the packing and the
entrances were closed to within about an
inch in width. During the winter these bees
had comparatively frequent flights and
seemed to be doing well. About the 20th of
March some of the upper ones brought in
considerable pollen, but the two lower ones
exhibited but little signs of life. Then came
the blizzard in the last of March and first of
April and when that had passed and other
colonies began to bring in pollen these re-
mained ominously silent — indeed the silence
seemed chronic and an examination revealed
that it really was so — they had all passed
away. The combs were dry and clean and
the stores abundant, but there were no live
bees and very few dead ones. There was
very little if any appearance that any had
finally perished in a cluster. Unless the ar-
rangement of the hives and the thorough-
ness of the packing had deluded the bees into
thinking that it was so warm that they might
with safety try the open air and thus ulti-
mately perished, I know not how to account
for their utter destruction.

Though the stores of five of the six colonies
was largely sugar syrup, the six colonies con-
sumed an average of 5 lbs. 13 oz. over and
above the we'ght of the bees which had per-
ished outside.

Lapeee, Mich. May 21, 1894.

Catching, Holding and Clipping Queens.

O. H. TOWNSEND.

yjHE method of clipping queens as given
±^ in April Review I used to consider the
best way, having clipped a great many in
that way, until Mr. Frank Benton showed
me what he considered a better and safer
way. When I tried his way, I, too, soon
thought it superior to my way. It is as fol-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

157

lows: When the queen is found, pick her
from the comb by the wings with the right
hand, then pass her to the left hand holding
her with the thorax or " shoulders " between
the thumb and fore finger, then clip her
with the scissors in the right hand. In this
way a queen can be clipped every time just
as one wants her clipped.

When clipped, take her by the wings with
the right hand and place her back on the
com b near where she was picked off — and in
nearly every case she will act as if nothing
had happened.

The only trouble with the inexperienced is
they are so afraid that they will hurt her
that they are not likely to hold her firm
enough. She should be held firmly enough
so that one can at least feel that they have
something between the thumb and finger. ' |

I have nothing to offer in the way of find-
ing the queen, as Mr. Dayton has explained
it most thoroughly.

Alamo, Mich. ' May 18, 1894.

Notes From the Pacific Coast.

"EAMBLEK."

It doesn't pay in greedy way

To live for grabbapre;
Nor yet awhile in sloth most vile

To live a cabbage.

TT is dull days
1 n o w with
bee-keepers in
■this sunset
country ; e s -
pecially in the
southern por-
tion of it ; less
than six inches
of rain, where
we need twen-
ty or more, is
a sure precursor of the failure of the honey
crop, or at least a light yield.

The diversity of elevation and climate in
our large State will enable some portion of
it to give its wonted yield, and that will save
us from the humiliation of having a total
failure.

In now and then a locality, we find that the
bee-keeper is subject to the nagging pro-
cess, and one of the great needs of the bee-
keeper has been a person with some author-
ity to stand between him and the fruit grow-
er, and act as a peace-maker. It causes no

little rancor between two great industries
when things get to such a pass that the fruit
man deliberately, under the cover of dark-
ness, when evil men do evil deeds, goes to
the lone apiary in the foot hills and satur-
ating the hives with kerosene commits them
to the flames. The bee-keeper might retal-
iate by cutting down an orchard or more in
the same stealthy way, but to the honor of
bee-keepers there is no such a retaliatory
meanness on record. Aside from fire there
are various other ways in which the bee-
keeper is made to feel uncomfortable, and
an apiary located where it can be seen for a
considerable distance is sure to find itself a
sort of a target for the viciously disposed.
It is a noticable fact that while certain fruit
men are thus disposed, that many of our
leading bee-keepers whose colonies are num-
bered by the hundreds are also extensive
fruit growers ; the interests so conflicting in
other places, here run without friction. If
the bees eat a few grapes the owners put up
with it ; or if the drying raisins are greatly
molested the trays are covered with wire
cloth or musquito netting screens, and all is
harmony.

It is also noticable that in all of our horti-
cultural meetings, from State to county asso-
ciations, there is always a discussion upon
the noxious parasites and insects that prey
upon fruits ; but the honey bee is never dis-
cussed in that light, on the contrary if there
is discussion at all, it is favorable to the bee ;
for some fruit grower has made the discov-
ery that his fruits bear better crops if the
bee is there to perform the proper and pro-
fuse poUenization, the fruit grower thus en-
lightened feels it his duty to tell the facts to
the assembled association. If, perchance, a
bee-keeper is in the audience he verily has a
glimpse of a millenial time when, " The lion
and the lamb " can lie down together in
peace.

California has needed more of these intel-
ligent investigators, and we feel very joyful
to think that hereafter more of this quality
of men will grow in this climate.

The bee-keepers of the East thought, and
not without reason, that they had lost a good
friend of their industry when Prof. Cook
left them and came to this sunset country.
W^e Californians feel that in this great fruit
and honey country the Prof. 's field will be
greatly broadened, and the educative influ
ence he can exert here, will result in greater
good than in any other portion of our coun-

158

THF BEE-REEPEtiS' REVIEW.

try. The Prof, comes to ns aud stands be-
tween the two great industries, fruit growing
and bee-keeping, as a veritable peacemaker.

"Blessed are the peacemakers for they
shall be called the Sons of God."

In my school boy daye we used to sing a
lively song, the inspiring chorus of which
ran thus ; " Swinging, swinging, 'neath the
old apple tree." Alas ! we have none of
those old apple trees with dense shade, and
brawny arms in this valley ; and a sorry
swing we could have among the sage and the
greasewood bushes. But, say friends, I have
a hammock on the verandah of my habita-
tion, and allowing the coastwise breeze to
swing me in that, revives memories of old,
in a location 3,000 miles away. Now, I would
tell how this hammock of mine is made, for
it is a hom - emade affair, but as the readers
of the Review insist upon a fellow talking
bees, and nothing but bees, I shall say noth-
ing about the burlap sacks sewed together,
with sticks across the end, and swung up
with baling wire ; but I tell you friends, this
obscure hammock is just the thing to dump
one's self into and to think about the honey
bees.

While thus comfortably fixed and thinking
of the half a mile walk that I have to per-
form every time I visit the apiary, it occur-
red to me that if bee-keepers in this State,
could each and every one, have their apiaries
located near their residences, and under their
own vine and fig tree, where they could, all
the year round, hear the busy hum of their
workers and be upon more intimate terms
with them, I really believe the bee-keeping
indu=itry would take upon itself a phase
for the better.

In all of the East there is scarcely an api-
ary that is located away from the residence
of the owner thereof ; or, if he has several
apiaries they are located near the residences
of other persons. It is needless to say that
the practice is reversed here, for the apiaries
are nearly all located out in some lonely
nook in the plains, or in the foot hills. A
greater number of these apiaries are in such
a forlorn condition with old unpainted hives,
with brush growing at will amongst them ;
and yes, now and then a rattlesnake raises
its warning rattle, or if he does not raise it,
his slimy folds are seen wriggling through the
brush. A club or a stone soon puts a quietus
to his career, and his rattlers always pay the
forfeit as a trophy. With such forlornness,
and with bees with an intensified irascible

disposition, who can blame the bee-keepei*
for keeping away from it as much as possi-
ble. It is no wonder that bee paralysis and
foul brood get possession of the hives, and
that the Eastern bee-keeper coming imme-
diately from a pretty apiary in which are
flowers and trailing vines and a place in
which it is a pleasure to sit down and behold-
ing the condition of things here exclaims
against the general apathy of the fraternity.

The above conditions are, however, all
changed even here in California, when the
apiary is situated near the residence of the
proprietor. The hives are painted, arranged
in better order, vines, fruit trees, and rose
bushes with a wealth of flowers and tints,
such as no other country can produce, all
surround the apiary, making it a pleasure to
the eye and in fact to all the senses.

Such a revolution in California bee-keep-
ing would result in more enthusiastic bee-
keepers, fill our conventions, make better
exhibits at our fairs, and place our products
upon the markets at a more profitable figure.
" The mills of the gods grind slow but very
fine." It may be that such a reform may in
time be ground out. That it may is the wish
of the " Rambles."

Bee Escapes and How to Use Them.

C. W. DAYTON.

Our gentle bees that never sting —
Thus angels float on downy wing.

T ;)EFERRING to
i\ Mr. Woodley's
remarks on using
escapes or, (" su-
per clearers,") on
page 99, I would
say that my arti-
cle was written
mainly from last
season's (1893) ex-
perience which
was confined, al-
most entirely, to
the removal o f
combs for extraction. The season of 1892 I
worked an out-apiary of 144 colonies for
Chas. Adams, of Colorado, where we aimed
to get all comb honey, but as that season
was not a good one we were obliged to run
most of the weaker colonies for extracted.
Not only did I watch the workings of es-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

159

capes in the out-apiary, but iu the home-
apiary also, managed by Mr. Adams.

This season I have (.hanged so that if the
bees get any honey it will be in the comb in
one-pound sections.

In the case of extracted honey it matters
little if the cells are uncapped by the bees.
Disturbing the bees in the brood chamber is
useless ; and, if those iu the upper story (or
super) are much disturbed it might retard
the work, because, after the disturbance it
would require some time for them to get set-
tled down again and find out that they were
separated from the brood apartment. If
they uncapped cells it would be to obtain
loads of honey and before they would begin
to make much effort to find the way through
the escape they would take time to unload.

As regards tlie condition we find tlie bees
in, there are two ways of operation. One is
to proceed moderately and subdue the bees
with smoke (or carbolized cloths) ; the otlier
would be to work quickly, without subduing.
When the stories are pried up suddenly,
amongst the thousands of bees present, there
are usually about half a dozen unloaded sen-
tinels (unloaded of honey but loaded with
fight) which fly straight out and sting the
first object that comes in their way. After
the harvest there may be a hundred ; some
active of wing, wliile others crawl out, snake-
like, as soon as the crevice is wide enough.
If these bees smell a little smoke before the
crevice is wide enough to admit their bodies
they will crawl the other way, which is down
on the inside wall of the hive. Where I said
that "every bee would get out of the way
(of smoke) as soon as possible," I did not
mean literally, but that every positively dan-
gerous bee would. These are prepared for
instant action and have the notion that they
must do something, and bemg too scared to
charge outward they rusli back pell mell
down into the hive. The other bees are too
stupefied for immediate attack "Sharp
blasts" contain less smoke which would be
driven through and out again. This does
not subdue or force retreat, only confuses
for a moment the flying arrows wherever it
finds them and with force it is surer to find
them all. While the escape board is being
fitted on the top of the brood chamber they
renew their courage for another charge ; but
by this time I depend upon having the es-
cape board in a position for protection and
by the time the stupid mass gets ready to re-
treat it finds nothing to retreat for. It is

only those bees which dart straight up
from the top of the hive, into my face that I
care for. Those which fly downward from
the bottom of the super, circle about, and
come around to my back, as I stand facing
the wind, cause little trouble. By the time
they have flown out and looked over the sur-
roundings their spitefulness subsides.

Thirty upper stories make a fair day's
work for one man to extract and the adjust-
ment of that number of escapes usually takes
from forty minutes to one hour. I would
think it would take one-third of that lime to
prepare the carbolized cloths for use. Nor
do I see how a sheet of any kind could be
spread over the hive sooner than a light es-
cape board. The bees which are caught un-
der the carbolized sheet would creep out, and
this would require some time ; bi;t, with the
escape board, those at the points of contact
are pushed out of the way even sooner than
they are able to move themselves. The
boards are laid on with a sliding motion and
their weight is not enough to crush the bees :
when if they are slightly raised again the
bees, having been squeezed, will almost
jump out. I do not mind killing a bee, or a
few bees now and then, but just as few as is
consistent with getting through the work.
We cannot cultivate a patch of corn witliout
pulling out or covering up some plants, or
harvest it without missing ears, or else our
carefulness would be more than the gain.

When I used escapes for removing comb
honey I put them on in the forenoon as soon
as I arrived at the apiary and removed the
crates when ready to go home in the evening.
This was simply a matter of convenience.
As to the management of the bees inside the
hive I prefer the middle of the day when they
are busy enough not to need smoking and
active enough to get out of the way. Yes-
terday I looked over about thirty stnmg col-
onies with neither smoke or veil and that in
California means more than it does in the
eastern or northern States. While the bees
of strong colonies are more apt to volunteer
an attack distant from their hives, it is the
weaker ones which fight worse when the hive
is opened. Being surrounded by the flying
bees in examining a strong colony it serves
as a protection from the attacks of the angry
bees of the rest of the apiary.

With me the crates of filled sections have
been cleared in less time and more thorough-
ly than full stories of full depth extracting
combs, and the reason seems to be that the

160

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

sectional combs were entirely finished while
the lowest third or half of the extractirg
combs carried more bees and bees which
were engaged in comb building and sealing,
causing greater reluctance to desertion of
unfinished and thereby unprotected combs
of honey. On this account two extracting
stories or supers sliould be as advantageous
as the tiering-up system for sections ; not
alone in leaving storage room while one is
being extracted, but the length of time it
would take the bees to pass through the
escapes should be less.

Floeence, Calif. May 10, 1894.

Extracts From Foreign Journals Translated
and Condensed by

MISS KATHEEINE M. INGLIS.

" She is like the merchant ships ;
8he bringeth her food from afar."— fi/s/.£.

NOTES ON PABTHENOGENESIS.

N a report read at the XVIIIth general
assembly of the Apichltural Society of
Alsace-Loraiue in September, 1893, Pastor
Klein presents a concise summing up of he
opinions on parthenogenesis, for and
against, at the present day, and their prac-
tical value to the bee-keepers.

It is well known, he says, that the queen
impresses her own character on the popula-
tion of which she is the mother. The tlieory
of parttienogenesis teaches us how far this
influence extends. It shows that while the
origin of the nature of the workers and the
young queens depends on both the queen
and the drone — the drones owe their exist-
ence and their qualities to the queen alone.

After a hasty review of tlie general con-
ditions of the propagation of animal life,
from gemmation to the highest step of the
ladder known to science at present, repro-
duction by sexual organs, he says that the
two organs, the ovary and the testicle may
exist in the same individual, which is then
called hermaphrodite, and this brings us to
the discussion concerning the queen bte.
"She is," he says, " according to the pres-
ent point of view a female in the true sense
of the word ; in the tubes or folicles which
form the essential part of the ovaries (there
are two) the eggs are formed, which by the

two oviducts penetrate into an unique con-
duit, called the col du vagin (vagina.) Lat-
erally to this conduit is found the sperma-
theca. Fertilization of the queen by the
drone, takes place once only in her life,
and in the act of copulation the fenaale
receives the spermatozoa or spermatozoids,
which are then preserved in the spermathe-
ca where they are kept living and capable
of movement in a liquid secreted by two
glands near the spermatheca. When an
egg passes before the orifice of the sperma-
theca it receives a very small quantity of
the seminal liquid containing the sperma-
tozoa, which penetrate into the egg and fer-
tilize it. The egg thus fertilized produces
either a complete queen, or an incomplete
queen, that is one whose genital organs are
too litlle developed, a worker. If on the
contrary, for one reason or another— opin
ions differ on this subject — an egg has not
received the spermatozoids it produces a
drone. Tnis is equally the case when the
queen is not fertilized, and when her provis-
ion of spermatozoa received from the drone
is exhausted. Thus the eggs which have not
received the male sperm, are procreated as
if by a virgin. There has been partheno-
genesis not by the non-fertilization of the
queen but by the non-fertilization of the
egg." Dr. Dzierzon is the leader in advan-
cing this theory and is warmly supported by
Professors Leuckart and Von Siebold.

On the other hand there are those who at-
tack this theory sharply, the leader being
Herr Metzger, a chemist of Budepesth.
Metzger's theories are at present in a state
of variableness, and it is not easy to give a
clear resume of his arguments. He claims,
however, in the first place that the sperma-
theca is not only a receptacle for the sper-
matozoa of the drone, but has the property
or faculty of producing germ cells from
which result the filaments by means of which
s'le fertilizes the eggs producing workers,
when the sperm she has received from the
drone is exhausted. '" Besides the ovary the
queen thus possesses a fertilizing organ ;
she is hermaphrodite, and as she is at the
same time fe ale, she represents an entirely
new species of hermaphrodite being, she is
a demi-liermaphrodite. The drone eggs are
fertilized also, although in a different man-
ner from those of tlie workers. The queen
is a herinai)hrodite. There is no such thing
at parthenogenesis. These are the first
statements of the new theory."

THE BEE-KEEFERS REVIEW.

161

Metzger claims further that it is the liquid
contained in the spermatheca which fertil-
izes the drone eggs, and according to his
final conception, the liquid of the sperma-
theca contains corpuscles in the form of
batonette or small rods, a hundred times
smaller than the spermatozoa, and these
batonette pass the narrow opening of the
spermatheca to fertilize the eg^ iu its pas-
sage into the vagina. Metzger and Wey-
gandt von Flacht claim that their theory is
supported by observations with the micro-
scope, and also by certain exceptions to the
law of parthenogenesis which have been db-
servedhere and there, such as the occasional
discovery of crossed or Italian drones in a
hive where the queen is Ijlack. But the one
stronghold of Metzger and his adherents is
the existence in the spermatheca of a liquid
capable of fertilizing drone eggs. Even this
is controverted by Reepen in the Deutscher
Bienen-feund No. 16, 181)3, where he states
that queens have been found who had no
spermatheca and who still laid drone eggs.
Lenckart, Schoenfeld, and Reepen oppose
Metzger's theories. On the other hand,
Vogel and Dr. Dzierzon maintain the theory
of a seminal liquid and the doctrine of her-
maphroditism. In conclusion Pastor Klein
says : " Parthenogenesis remains the lumin-
ous point of the noble art of apiculture, a
solid and scientific foundation for an impor-
tant branch of apicultural improvement
(exploitation), a proof of its contiuous ef-
forts and painstaking observations, and
science will always render itacknowledge-
ment for all these services."

In the Leipsiger Bienen Zeitang for Feb-
ruary, 1894, Dr. Dzierzon sharply attacks
Herr Oldenburger on the subject of parthe-
nogenesis. Dr. Dzierzon holds that the
term can only be applied to an unfertilized
queen, and that applied to drone eggs it is a
misnomer. Oldenburger on the other hand,
holds that the term may be used in connec-
tion with the non-fertilization of the egg,
and in this use of the term he is supported
by Professor Leuckart wno says that scien-
tific terms, and among these he classes par-
thenogenesis, are often used with a signifi-
cation which transcends their peculiar and
original meaning. Dr. Dzierzon is also in-
dignant that Herr ( )ldenburger should couple
his name with that of Metzger's in regard to
the latter's new theory. He says the only
point he holds in common with Metzger is
that of the possibility of the existence of a

seminal liquid, differing from sperm but fit-
ted for the fertilization of drone eggs, in the
spermatheca of the queen.

In L'Apicuiteur for February, 18'.t4, M.
Chabanne combats the position of M. Le-
febre — ^that parthenogenesis is a result of the
nourishment of the queen, holding that there
are germs in the pollen by which she is fer-
tilized— and calls upon the shades of Brown-
Sequard and Darwin to defend us from the
absurdities into which the theory of a fertil-
izing polkn would lead us. M. Chabanne
himself can only say that parthenogenesis
is a natural law, no more explible than the
laws of force, heat, gravity, etc.

PLANTING FOE HONEY.

We notice that the German bee journals
endeavor to encourage in every way the rais-
ing of honey- yielding plants and shrubs.
One enthusiastic writer in the Leipseger
Bienen Zeitung for December, '93, says :
" To the bee-kaeper each waste spot of
earth should say ' Here is a place for a shrub
or tree.' " He particularly recommends the
snowberry or Peter's bush. In the same
journal for February, '94, the American
Juneberry is highly recommended, not only
for the attractions it offers the bees, but also
as an ornamental shrub, and for its fruit-
bearing qualities.

In the Revue Internationale d' Apiculture
(Swiss) for March, '94, the editor comment-
ing on an article by Mr. R. L. Taylor on foul
brood, published in the Bee-Keepebs' Re-
view, says in contradiction of Mr. Taylor's
statement that drugs are of no benefit in this
trouble, that he, M. Bertrand, has obtained
a radical cure of thirty-seven colonies by the
use of salicylic acid.

LARGE HIVES AND WEIGHT OE SWARMS.

L' Abbe Martin in L'Apicul.eur for April,
1894, gives a novel reason for the use of
large hives. It is his opinion that at
the time of swarming only half the bees
are at home, the other half being in the
fields. He claims that he has made fre-
quent experiments, and found it a con-
stant experience, that having weighed a
swarm at the time of swarming, and again
in the evening, the weight the second time is
double that of the first. This, he says, is
true in the case of artificial as well as of
natural swarming. ( )f course he must place
the swarms on the old stand, and even then
his statement seems incredible.

162

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

A COLONY OF BEES AS AN INCUBATOB.

We find iu L'Apiculteur for February '94,
a new argument in favor of combining bee-
keeping and poultry raising. A certain M.
Beanne, in mowing a field last July, dis-
covered a partridge nest containing fourteen
eggs. They had been brooded two weeks
and he determined to make the attempt to
hatch them. As he had no artificial brooder,
and could not find a sitting hen, he made an
experiment. In an Abott hive, containing
a strong May swarm, he placed on top of
the frames a layer of wadding and on this
the eggs which were then covered with an-
other layer of wadding, over all he placed
oat-chaff. Eight days after, fourteen little
partridges were hatched. They were put in
a box covered with wadding and placed near
the firr, where they received their first meal
of ants' eggs, and a cake made of yolk of
egg and bread crumbs. Finally they were
returned to their hive. They lived thus for
four days and were then given to a neighbor.
It may be that some method may be dis-
covered of arranging the upper part of a
hive in such a manner as to utilize the heat
for artificial incubation. Perhaps it is worth
the trial.

Lapeeb, Mich. ' April 20, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
11.90 ; three for $2.70 ; live for $4.00 ; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Review
stopped at the expiration of the time paiil for,
ploase say so when subscribhiti:, otherwise it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN JUNE 10. 894.

It is POSSIBLE for you to get so far to one
side of a subject that you cannot see the
other side.

Miis. Atohley, under the heading of
"Profitable Bee Keeping," is writing a
series of interesting articles for the Ameri-
can Bee Journal.

Bro. York calls my attention to the fact
that he did not say positively that the case
against Bro. Heddon was stronger than it
was a year ago ; he simply said it " seemed
stronger."

The First Bulletin to be gotten out by
experimenter Taylor will not be out so soon
as he thought. There will be the usual de-
lay in printing, but this will enable him to
get in the report of the full year's work.

ii^>i«».»»«»»»»

Unqueening a hive because a new queen
has been ordered is something of which some
bee-keepers are guiky. Don't do it. There
are sometimes delays in shipping queens.
Don't remove the old queen until you have
her would-be-successor safely in your hand.

The Practical Bee-Keeper of Canada is
doing nicely. It seems to belong to that
■ class of journals now greatly on the increase,
those that will allow a man to be heard even
if his views may be opposed to those of the
editor's — yes, even if those views are not
popular.

F. A. Gemmill has declined to accept fhe
Secretaryship of the Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Association, and it has been tendered to Wm.
Couse, of Streetville, who was for several
years its very efficient Secretary. He has
accepted — yes, and he has "got married"
too. Congratulations are extended to Mrs.
Couse, her husband and to the O. B. K. A.

*.«li^k»»»li^li»

Gleanings is beginning to give a little
picture of the author at the head of his arti-
cle, a la Review. But then, the Review got
the idea from the Cosmopolitan and from
some printers' journal, I have forgotten
which one now. It starts out with a picture
of Karl Rudolph Mathey, also giving a short
biographical sketch at the boltomof the col-
umn the same as the Review has done. If
Gleanings will only continue to give pictures
of good looking men, the Review will not be
jealous because of the adoption of this fea-
ture.

^;ini^»»ii»ii»»"

Hatching little partridges over a colony
of bees is mentioned in the translations
given th's month. I doubt if this would
have been successful had not the period of
incubation been well advanced. I have sev-
eral times tried hatching hens' eggs in a
lamp nursery where I hatched iiueens, and I
failed. I think the temperature is not high
enough. In a nursery for hatching queens
the temperature must not go over 100°, and
it is better not to have it go above 9.')°, while
I believe that in an incubator for hatching
eggs, it should go above 100 .

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

163

Califoknia will have a short crop this
year if things turn out as it appears they
will. Dealers out there are trying to get up
a "corner" on honey.

Mabk your queen cages, you gentlemen
who send out queens. A good plan is to have
" stickers " with your name and address
printed and blank spaces left for writing the
address of the purchaser. A rubber stamp
will answer nicely. If you have neither,
then write on the cage with a pencil, " From
Mr. Golden Band." A man may order
queens at the same time from different
breeders and it is very pleasant to know
whom they are from, especially if some of
them are tested and others not.

The Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion has had an appropriation of f.'iOO.OO
yearly to use in getting put a report of its
proceedings and mailing copies to members
and others. The second annual report is
here. It is very nicely gotten up, the nicest
of any report that I have ever seen, but I
notice that the Legislature has failed to make
the appropriation this year, hence, we shall
probably see no more of those handsome re-
ports and must content ourselves with sim-
ply reading the reports of meetings as they
appear in the journals.

CABNIOLANS GREAT BREEDERS.

For several years I have had a few colonies
of Carniolans. There is no question but
they are great breeders, especially so in the
spring. I am not sure hut this trait might
not be used to advantage by Northern honey
raisers in getting populous colonies in time
for the white clover harvest. I do think,
however, that this great brood-rearing dis-
position needs joining with the sense, or
thrift, of the Italians. To illustrate : I now
have two colonies of pure Carniolans. They
both swarmed June 2nd. I examined their
hives and found every comb jammed full of
brood, with not half a pound of honey in the
hive. I also found another weak colony of
Italians actually starving. No houey was
coming in. The Carniolans will rear brood
and swarm so long as there is a drop of hon-
ey in the hive, and it makes no difference if
none is coming in. This may be a good
trait in some respects, but it needs joining
■with some other traits.

Queens Cramp, curl up apparently dead
sometimes when they are caught and held
by both wings. Only a few times in my life
have I seen them do this. Mr. Doolittle says
in Gleanings that this is caused by the queen
catching one of her feet in the vulva and
holding it there. If you catch a queen and
she curls up apparently dead, don't throw
her away, but wait for her to recover.

li,ni»WWi»jr>t»

W. Z. Hutchinson contributes an article
to the Progressive in which he calls attention
to the undesirability of buying and selling
bees by the pound. He says that the difficul-
ty is that the bees and brood are like man
and wife — they ought not to be separated.
The bees need the brood and the brood needs
the bees. Without the addition of hatching
brood the old bees die and dwindle away be-
fore any surplus is obtained, and without the
bees to care for it the brood is neglected and
its production is checked. If you are going
to buy bees, better buy brood and all.

■n^-M^k^k^li"^!^

Swarm catchers and queen traps both
have their uses and places. In a small api-
ary where the likelihood of two or more
swarms issuing at the same time is slight,
the trap works to its best advantage. As the
apiary increases in size, so that several
swarms will often be in the air at one time,
there is considerable work in straightening
out the snarls that result from the uniting
of swarms in the air. It can be done, how-
ever, simply by giving to each hive its pro-
portion of bees and a queen. But, in an
apiary large enough to require the constant
attendance of some one, swarm catchers
show their superiority. It is not necessary
to stand around with swarm catcher in hand
ready to jump and run the moment that a
swarm starts to come out. The first few
bees that leave the hive set up the swarming
note : no bee-keeper who has ever heard it
will fail to hear and recognize it at once —
before more than one-tenth of the swarm is
in the air. To place the catcher in front of
the hive is the work of an instant, and that
ends all trouble with that swarm, and the
apiarist is ready for the next one. With
plenty of catchers on hand there is nothing
easier than to catch and keep by itself each
swarm that issues. The few bees that come
out before the catcher is applied are not lost ;
they simply return to the old stand, or join
the van guard of some other swarm and re-
turn to their hive.

164

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Miss Wilson, a sister-in-law of Dr. Mil-
ler's, has an elastic around the lower edge of
her bee-veil, then draws down the front of it
and fastens it with a safety pin to her dress
waist. This arrangement holds the veil out
away from the face and neck, while it allows
one to get at the mouth and eyes when spec-
tacles need adjusting, or fingers need lick-
ing. With this arrangement there would be
no folds in front from the use of an elastic.
This item is picked from Gleanings.

ii^»-"*,»»»ii^K^

C. G. LooFT, of Cochranton, Ohio, calls
my attention to the fact that he invented and
described in Gleanings for 1891, page 419, a
section press exactly like the one invented
by Mr. Townsend and described in last Re-
view. I had forgotten about the matter, or,
of course, I should have called Mr. Town-
send's attention to it when he sent me his
press. I presume this is a case in which two
persons have hit upon the same idea inde-
pendent of each other.

*^^»^Ffc» M »M^

Honey on the fingers is removed by lick-
ing the fingers. At least E. R. Root does
that way ; I have followed the same fashion,
and I think we two are not alone in the prac-
tice, but I can never lick my fingers so clean
that a trace of stickiness does not remain,
and how pesky mean it does feel when the
fingers stick together and stick to the
smoker, and I have frequently stood it as
long as I could and finally gone to the honey
house and washed my hands and fingers and
wiped them on a towel, and then gone back
to my work feeling as much more comforta-
ble as though I had had a bath, a clean shave,
and my boots blacked. Honestly, I wish
that there were some way of cleaning one's
fingers of honey, so clean that they would
not be sticky, without the trouble of going
to the honey house and washing them. But
then, there are greater trials than this to
bear.

Success in Bee Cultuee, so says Glean-
ings, has not been a success financially, and
will be discontinued, the money being re-
turned to those who have paid in advance.
I am sorry to learn this, as I liked Bro. Sage
and his sprightly little monthly. He was a
splendid printer, and, being greatly inter-
ested in bees, he believed that at odd times
he might " set up " the matter for a journal.
He soon found that making a good journal
was about all that one man could do, and he

wisely decided that it would be very poor
policy to give up a paying business for the
uncertainties of journalism. I fear that
many who start bee journals do so with no
conception of the amount of thought, labor
and money that must be expended before
even a good journal can be placed on a pay-
ing basis. As I look back over the years that
have slipped by since I started the Review,
I am reminded of what Mr. M. H. Hunt
once said to me. I was referring to the fine
quality of the foundation that he makes,
when he said, " Yes, I have learned how to
make good foundation, and I don't begrudge
the time, and labor, and money that it has
cost me, but if I had known in the outset of
the obstacles that I would have to overcome,
I fear that I should never had the courage to
start in."

FOUL BKOOD ; ITS NATURAL HISTORY AND
RATIONAL TREATMENT.

The above is the title of a little book of 47
pages, written by Dr. Wm. R, Howard, of
Ft. Worth, Texas, and published by Geo. W.
York & Co., of Chicago. Price 25 cents. It
is one of these few books that we have that
are diflficult to review. The author has done
the " boiling down." He shows conclusively
that bacillus alvei and its poisonous com-
pounds are the cause of foul brood ; that the
decomposition of chilled or dead brood does
not produce foul brood ; that the spores of
foul brood when excluded from the air re-
tain their vitality indefinitely but that an ex-
posure of from 24 to 3G hours will kill them ;
that a temperature approaching the boiling
point must be continued nearly an hour to
destroy them ; and that an exposure to a
temperature below zero for three days will
not destroy them.

He found by experiment that in a moist
chamber the germs of putrefaction would
pass from one part to another and attack the
non-infected brood. Bacillus alvei did not
pass from one plate to another, thus show-
ing that the spores are not thrown out upon
the air. He calls attention to the fact that
if foul brood germs floated in the air there
would be no hope of ever curing the disease.
The Dr. says that many putrefactive germs
produce poisons that may be left in the cells
and cause the death of the next brood that is
reared. It is quite likely that brood dying
from this cause has sometimes been mis-
taken for foul brood.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

165

The author is certain, and gives proof, that
the disease may be communicated by the
contaminated honey, combs and pollen, says
that the use of any drugs in the treatment
of the disease is a waste of time and mate
rial, and that " any method which has not
for its object the entire removal of all in-
fectious material beyond the reach of both
bees and brood will prove detrimental and
destructive, and be sure to encourage the re-
currence of the disease."

The Dr. agrees with Mr. McEvoy that
hives do not need disinfecting. If the hive
were clean and free from bits of comb or
propolis, or daubs of infected honey, I might
see why it would not need disinfecting, and
the plan of leaving the bees to build comb
four days, and then cutting it out, a la Mc-
Evoy, would give the bees an apportunity to
clean up all bits of honey. The Dr. endor-
ses the McEvoy treatment, and in so doing
speaks of it as being at flr§t unpopular. I
do not remember that his method of treat-
ment has been criticised, except that many
think that the cutting out of the first four
day's work is time wasted, but there have
been some very strong arguments brought
against Mr. McEvoy's theory that the dis-
ease originated in dead and putrefying
brood, and none have brought any stronger
than has the author. Dr. Howard.

BEMOVING HIVE 0OVEK8.

Those using flat hive-covers placed bee-
space above the frames and resting upon
the upper edge of the hive, know how such
covers are stuck fast with propolis, and how,
unless honey boards are used, brace combs
are built against the covers. Mr. J. N. Pat-
terson, of England, Pa., has written and told
me how he renioves these covers. It is ex-
actly the way in which I remove them ; in
fact, it is one of those little things that I have
known so well and so long that I supposed
everybody else knew of it, but, perhaps they
do not. Here it is : kneel at one side of the
hive, place one knee against the side of the
hive, grasp the opposite edge of the cover
with both hands and gradually but steadily
pull it towards you an inch or two, enough
to loosen the propolis and break the brace
combs. When the pressure is first applied it
may seem that the cover cannot be moved in
this manner, especially if the weather is a
little cool, but if it is amtimied the cover
will finally move. If the weather is too cool
and the cover very firmly glued down, it will

then be necessary to first slightly loosen the
cover around the edges with a screw driver
or knife, when the brace combs may be bro-
ken in the manner described. Unless the
frames are very firmly attached to the hive
at the ends of their top bars, the raising up
of the cover often brings with it one or more
of the combs. This breaking of the brace
combs before the cover is raised does away
with this trouble. Unless the combs are very
firmly fixed in the hive, it is better to break
the brace combs by forcing the cover end-
wise of the frames, otherwise one or more
combs may be forced against the sides of
adjoining combs.

ABSCONDING SWAKMS.

A subscriber asks me to say what he can
do to prevent swarms from absconding. I
think that swarms abscond because there is
something about the hive that is unpleasant
to the bees. The hive may be old, dirty and
ill-smelling. In such a case it should be
thoroughly washed and aired. Putting old,
mouldy and dirty combs in a hive may have
the same effect. If such combs must be
used, better give them, one at a time, to some
established colony to be cleaned up. A new-
ly hived swarm should be shaded, as the bees
are under great excitement, and filled with
honey, and they cannot bear the heat that at
ordinary times might not be oppressive. A
small hive or contracted brood nest also
causes swarming-out.

I remember one season in particular in
which I had a great deal of trouble from
swarms swarming-out and trying to leave
for the woods. Almost invariably, a swarm
clusters soon after leaving the parent col-
ony, but, after Vjeing hived, if it leaves, it al-
most invaribly leaves without clustering. In
this season that I speak of it was no uncom-
mon thing to re-hive a swarm twice before
it would stay, and in a few instances a swarm
was re-hived as many as four times. The
queens' wings were not clipped, and you
may be sure that my brother and I learned
the full value of the Whitman fountain
pump for controlling swarms that are on
roving bent. With one to bring the water,
and one to use the pump, a swarm of bees
cannot, or does not, get away if seen when
it first comes out, but if allowed to get a
start, get away from the base of supplies
(water) , the chances of success for the bee-
keeper are very slight. At this stage of the
game the bees have a very tantalizing habit

166

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

of rising up so liigh in the air that they can-
not be reached with the water. (Better clip
your queens, or use traps or swarm catchers
according to the circumstances.)

But to return : I was raising comb honey
and practicing contraction of the brood nest.
The swarms were hived on the old stand
upon five L. frames or in one section of the
Heddon hive. The sections were transfer-
red from the old to the new hive. It finally
occurred to me that it was the crowded con-
dition of the hive that caused the swarming-
out. I changed my plans slightly. I gave
each swarm either a full, eight-frame L.
hive, or both sections of the Heddon hive.
They were left in this condition three days,
by which time the bees had recovered from
the swarming fever and settled down to
steady work, and would bear crowding with-
out swarming-out At this time the lower
section of the Heddon hive was removed and
the bees shaken out, or, if in an L. hive,
dummies were put in f.t the sides, contract-
ing the brood nest to five frames. Starters
only were used in the frames and these would
be nicely started in the frames removed.
The section of the Heddon hive that was re-
moved was in nice shape to use for the upper
section of the next hive iiito which a swarm
was hived, and the L. frames removed were
in good condition to place in the center of
the hive that was used for the hiving of a
swarm. But to the point : with this method
of management I have never had a swarm
leave the hive into which it was placed.

Have clean sweet hives, keep them in the
shade and shade them after the bees are
hived, give a generous entrance, and don't
crowd the bees too much for the first two or
three days, and I think there will be little
trouble from absconding swarms.

Some have advised giving a comb brood,
but I have tried that too many times to my
sorrow.

IBXXRT^OTED.

A Bee Escape With an Abundant Exit.

" This is the way, walk ye in it."— S/Sif.

Upon reading the articles of Mr. Aikin, in
which larger exits are advised for bee es-
capes, Mr. J. W. Wilcox, of Scales Mound,
111., called my attention to a contribution of
his published in the American Bee Journal

of September 17, 181)1, wherein is described
an escape that has an abundant exit, and
one that, Mr. W. says, gives perfect satisfac-
tion. Here is the article describing the es-
cape :

" Since a great many bee-keepers are try-
ing bee escapes, and succeeding more or less,
permit me to relate what success I have had
in the matter. After two seasons of experi-
menting with bee escapes, I tried the follow-
ing about two weeks ago, and found what I
was seeking ; namely, a ' perfect escape ' —
one that will free a super, or supers, of bees
in a very short time.

Make a rim the size of t':e super, and 1}4
inches high ; nail on a bottom of 3^-inch
lumber ; in one end of the rim, cut an open-
ing 3 inches long and ''g wide, for bees to
pass out, place this under your supers bot-
tom down on the hive, with the escape-hole
in the rim over the bee-entrance to the hive.
Make a triangle of f^ inch strips large enough
to reach from ttie escape-hole to the hive en-
trance ; but do not join the apex of the tri-
angle by one inch, but leave it for the bees
to pass tlirouyh, and into the hive. Over the
triangle tack wire-cloth, and then fasten to
the front of the hive, so as to cover the es-
cape-hole in the rim, the opening in the tri-
angle to connect with the hive entrance.

When this is adjusted properly, it is a
pleasure to see the bees come humming down
the front of the hive from the escape-hole in
the rim to the entrance of the hive. With
this escape I have had no failure to entirely
free the super of bees in an incredibly short
time : and to adjust it requires very little
more time than to put on a super. This tri-
angle, covered with wire-cloth, will prevent
robber bees from entering supers, and at the
same time conduct the bees to the hive en-
trance below."

How to Take Care of Queens When There

is a Surplus.

For holding aright an elephant white.
To breed her, then to feed her.

I have just read in Gleanings an article
written by Mrs. Atchley. I wish that she
had written it about fifteen years ago. It
brings so clearly to my mind the time when
I was making a specialty of queen-rearing.
There is no trouble in rearing young queens
so that one can be given to a nucleus as soon
as the laying queen is out of the way, and if
orders only come in fast enough to take the
queens as soon as they begin to lay, every-
thing passes along smoothly, but, alas,
orders for queens are quite erratic, they
come by fits and starts. One week a breeder
may be over-run with orders, then there will
be a dearth for two weeks, during which time
the nuclei will fill up witii laying queens,
and young queens that keep hatching must

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

167

be killed as there is no place in which to put
them. Could the laying queens have been
taken out and in some way safely kept until
orders came for them, the profits would have
been doubled during those two weeks. I re-
member one time in particular in which I
had scarcely an order for two weeks, and
then there came a day in which I shipped
sixty queens, orders for half of them coming
in one mail, but during those two weeks I
probably killed as many as sixty young
queens, possibly more, and every one would
have brought nearly a dollar if it could have
been saved. I think that most breeders have
had similar experiences. I often tried divid-
ing up the nuclei, but robbing and swarm-
ing out put an end to this plan. It seems,
however, that Mrs. Atchley has found a plan
for keeping laying queens in perfect health
with only from fifty to one hundred workers,
and at the same time there is no loss from
swarming-out or from robbers, at least, here
is what she says :

" For the last two years I have not had a
chance to put in practice my plans ; but I
have tried them sufficiently to know that it
is an excellent way to keep queens that we
have no immediate use for, and at the same
time we wish to keep the nuclei at work rais-
ing queens as fast as the young queens have
laid two or three combs of eggs. I used to
keep them caged on a table, ready to go at a
moment's notice, when an order came. Well,
sometimes orders did not come for several
days, and my queens, of course, were more
or less injured if kept too long in this way ;
and to make it profitable we can not afford
to let the nuclei keep their queens till orders
come to take them. To overcotne this trou-
ble I went to work and constructed a lot of
small hives, just large enough to hold two
sections 434 inches square by IJg inchs wide.
All these sections that we had unfinished we
laid by to go in our little nuclei. Now, we
could take from fifty to one hundred work-
ers, or enough to keep the queen in good
shape. It is no trouble to speak of, to pre-
pare two or three hundred of these little
nuclei, something after the little Alley nuclei.
We may use little frames if we choose. I
use the sections, as they usually have plenty
of honey to last the queen and bees a month
or more, and the queen will go to laying, and
assume the same attitude as a large colony.
Then the queen is never so filled with eggs
that it would be dangerous to cage and mail
her right off. I do not like to cage and mail
a queen that is in full laying plight without
giving her time to unload herself of eggs.
Well, the little-nuclei plan has the queens in
good shape to be mailed at once without any
danger of being injured.

To keep the queens and bees from swarm-
ing-out I use, over the entrance, one perfor-
ation of queen-excluder zinc, and robber
bees will never enter through the zinc to

amount to anything. These little hives can
be placed on a shelf in the shade, moderate-
ly close together. We may make a record of
where each queen was taken from ; and if we
keep any of them long enough they can be
tested, and all the finest ones selected to fill
orders for select queens. Robbers have nev-
er bothered our little hives, as we seldom
have a surplus of queens till the weather gets
warm and honey is coming in so there is no
danger of robbers. I do not like the idea of
raising queens in little hives, as the queen
and bees are too likely to swarm out, as we
cannot keep excluding zinc on till the queens
have mated, which gives them every chance
to leave. If the bees should take a notion
to swarm out of the little hives, where our
laying queens are, there will always be bees
enough return to be a good retinue for the
queen. Then these little nuclei are good to
introduce another queen to as soon as one is
sold out. I think I can raise a third more
queens with a given number of nuclei by this
method. These little hives can be made
cheaply at the factories, as scraps will an-
swer for them. If you do not think this a
good way to keep your surplus queens, just
try it.

Beeville, Texas, Jan. 27."

It seems to me that a Heddou super would
be an excellent thing to use for a hive for
these little section-nuclei. Eight, or even
ten, of these little clusters could be kept in
one of these supers. I think I shall try it
this summer, just for the fun of it, if for
nothing more.

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

PROMISING, very promising is that meth-
od of dealing with foul brood which
comrade Baldridge brings out in last Re-
view ; yet we get bitten so often when we
say that a new method will succeed " of
course," that perhaps we might postpone
crowning him one of the benefactors of api-
culture until a more extensive trial of the
plan is had. To be crowned, and then a few
weeks later to have the crown yanked off
(scalp along with it) is no fun. Fortunately
the new plan is easy enough, and attractive
enough to secure it a trial ; and with the
trials the merits or demerits of the thing will
come to the front. One of the best things
about it is that when reasonable care is ex-
ercised surrounding bees are so little exposed
to any risk.

Ah, yes ! and there's comrade B. Taylor's
plan for securing a supply of sections al-

168

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ready filled with comb. Review is to be
complimented for harvesting two such plums
in one issue. Taylor, like myself and many
others, wishes to supply his home market
with both comb and extracted ; and his par-
ticular scheme is to take his extracted honey
from unsealed sections, and use the empty
sections next year. Most of the dark sec-
tion honey he thus throws over into the ex-
tracted tank, and uses it for bee feed next
spring. Hardly answer for those who have
to lean as heavily on the fall yield for a main
crop as I do. " He that is able to receive it,
let him receive it." I'm thinkingof a funny
little cartoon in the Chicago Herald. A
boodle Councilman is got up as a musician,
and compelled to play on his viol a new bal-
lad entitled, "Nothing in it for Me." He
plays it — but mumbles underneath his
breath, " Don't believe I was made to play
this pop'lar music." Next big ship friend
Taylor sends over I hope there'll be some-
thing in it for me.

A Generous round- Up

The American Bee-Keeper opens its May
editorial with a raid on the habit of calling
fellow bee-keepers "Brother." The main
reason assigned is that the word often does
not agree very well with the spirit manifest-
ed. Now see here. Brother A. B. K., 1 have
noticed the same practice among lawyers
pleading on opposite sides at the bar. They
seem to use it as a gentle corrective for the
ever-present temptation to get by the ears,
which their profession brings. Don't we
need the gentle corrective too ? To the
(.John Bull) dogs with those foreign papers
in which they never say, Brother !

"The more I read the denser the fog that be-
clouds my brain." T. H. Stephens, Apicultur-
ist, IS.

Lots of bee boys in the same fix. Our per-
sonal experience and our reading should bal-
ance each other. All experience and no
reading is a poor plan — too much like the
dark ages. Excessive reading beyond our
experience is just what comrade S. indicates,
fog and bewilderment. Yet whining and
sputtering about the fog will not dissipate
it. Climb up Practical Hill on your own
hands and feet until you get above the fog.

Alley, on the 20th page of Api. says a lot
of things about testing a young (jueen by the
looks, some of which are not generally in
mind. He thinks the manner of depositing
eggs, and the cant of the eggs as they lie in
the cell disclose certain facts in regard to

the quality of the queen. (Might tell us
some more about "them 'are" so we can
understand it too.) And if the hole out of
which the young queen has crawled is small
or ragged she should be killed at once — only
a compromise between a queen and a work-
er.

On the honey selling question editor Leahy
is a man after my own heart. He kept his
town of 2,000 people "supplied" with hon-
ey. That is to say a few tumblers (at 18 cts.)
stood in each grocery ; and once in a while,
at long intervals, a tumbler sold. By and
by he got a crop of 7,000 pounds, and sup-
posed of course he would have to ship it to
some big city. How big was the best offer
he could get ? It was 6J4 cents. The thought
came to him. Our people would buy large
quantities at that price. Why not let 'em
— and save the risks— and cost of shipping
packages ? He yielded to the thought, can-
vassed the town with samples (not at6);{
though, but at 8 and 9) and the first night
had to stay up till midnight filling the pitch-
ers and things — and carried the money to
the bank in a bag. See Progressive, 46.

In Progressive GO, Mr. Doolittle gives two
methods for preventing after swarms which
he thinks reliable, one for the cases where
the old colony is moved, and one for the
cases where the old colony, not being moved,
retains part of the old bees. The former is,
Get entirely rid of the old bees for 12 hours,
and then give the youngsters a fertile queen ;
and "betweenst 'em " they'll polish off the
young pretenders. This is probably O. K.
The other method is, Discover the young
queen piping the night before they intend to
swarm ; shake off all the bees next morn,
and carefully destroy every queen cell. Here
I would put in a faint protest. I don't know
that the plan is unreliable ; but I should ex-
pect that quite a sprinkle of them would go
anyhow, if the queens had been piping 12
hours or more. What I do know is that in my
own efforts I have succeeded in preventing
the after swarming, and got for my pay a
fearful percentage of totally queenless col-
onies.

R. C. Aikin improves the Doolittle plan of
getting perfect combs built (by weak col-
onies) by having plenty of drone comb in
one outside frame. Then more combs will
be correctly built before a change will be
made to drone size. Progressive, G7,

D. L. Tracy, of Denver, makes a success
of preventing foul brood by the use of dilute

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW,

169

carbolic acid. For four years neighbors all
around had it badly and he escaped. He
merely sprinkles heavily the tovs of the
frames three times each breeding season.
Formula : Carbolic acid 1, salt 3, water 296.
See Progressive, page 7G. Easy enough to
try — But don't put on fire-proof paint as a
preventative after your building is all in a
blaze at one end. That's about the v?ay
half the boys would do— if they did any-
thing.

" Not even Benton has ever sent a Carniolan
queen to this country that produced all steel
gray bees." Alley in Apiculturist, 37.

Possibly Alley may be a little rank here —
possibly the topic is getting threadbare — but
'pears like it is only with all sorts of racket
by all sorts of people that we can get hold of
final truth on the simplest matters.

The AiJicidturist for April is got out as a lit-
tle handbook of bee-keeping for beginners —
not a bad idea. Among other progressed ideas
I see he advises trebling the force of field
bees when the harvest is bad, and the sec-
tions get ahead provokingly slow. Just re-
move to a distance two adjacent hives, and
thus concentrate in one hive the flying bees
and surplus of three. Api., 51. Doubtless
a good kink for sometimes ; but I should
fear that the other times would prove numer-
ous.

"I have known drones to be reared on one
side of a comb, while worker brood was reared
on the side opposite, notwithstanding the fact
that some writers assert that such a thing never
happens." Alley in Api., .56.

" Should any one whose eye this meets receive
a hive of beeS; say one that has been on the road
two or three days, the first thing to do is todash
a pint of water over bees and combs." Api , 60.

Comrade Osburn, of Cuba, is bemoaning
a short crop of honey, as you may notice in
A. B. K., 70. By the way, how short do you
suppose it is ? Not very much over the trifle
of 27 tons.

On page 231 of Gleanings friend Muth-
Rasmussen (fine of .f.W.OO for parting his
name in the middle) makes a strong denial
of the report that bees are more vindictive
in California than elsewhere. He says, and
seems to prove it, that the trouble is the
fierce blaze of the sunshine ; and that bees
sufficiently shaded are almost uniformly gen-
tle there. Ernest's counter suggestions do
not cover the ground, because here in Ohio
we never have such a teriffic downpour of
heat, I rather think Mr. M.-R. has hit it.
The melting of wax and propolis inside their
walls, with frequent and long struggles to

keep their entire work from melting down,
is suflicient to account for iraspibility. It is
well known that bees frequently irritated
become cross for life. Propolis on a hot
board acts as fly-paper ; and I have seen,
even here in Ohio, multitudes of bees dead
in it. Who could expect bees to be serene in
temper while surrounded by dying comrades
stuck fast by their feet ?

Comrade Elwood wants half the convicts
of a prison fed on pure syrup and half on
glucose until the glucose problem is settled
for sure. Gleanings, 313. Sounds a little
rough. But then at present not merely half
but pretty nearly all the children of honest
folks are fed with glucose ; and nobody
keeps the statistics as to whether it kills 'em
or not.

Another one of those splendid little kinks
which cost nothing and help a heap comes
over clear from Gravenhorst in Germany.
Drive five minutes with a load of bees ; then
stand still five minutes. During the little
rest they will recover their wits, and be the
better for it all the rest of the journey.
Gleanings, 315.

Friend Templin wants our hybrid bees (in-
correctly so - termed) called "mongrels."
Gleanings. No go. We'll never stand that'
never. The word mongrel conveys the un-
desirable meaning of disgrace and worth-
lessness, while some hybrid bees are among
the best bees existing. This is a plain case
of getting out of one fault by getting into a
worse one. " Hybrid " will have to stand
till some term is offered that does not insult
the bees and their breeders.

What a good job R. L. Taylor does on wax
sheeting! Gleanings, 322. Soak the boards
three days — Quite important to have salted
water — Right temperature for dipping l.')5°
F. — Take care there ! Water may be many
degrees too hot when the wax above has got
only a few degrees too hot. Then it will
puzzle you by getting worse and worse quite
awhile after you have taken it off the stove.
'•If the sheet cracks irregularly, either the
board is too cold, the wax too warm, or there is
a cold draft in the room . "

" If there is a straight horizontal crack in the
sheet there has been a sudden jar or short stop
page of the board in its descent into the wax. "

Mathey urges jellow vaseline as an im-
proved grease to prevent propolizing.
Gleanings, 331.

HOWARD'S FOUL Brood.

This excellent little book is pretty hard to
review. Won't do to quote half a book ; and

170

fHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

this one is so concise and meaty that it
would take the equivalent of that to give a
fair idea of it. Almost any one can com-
mand time to read it ; and, being cheap, the
excuse for scientific ignorance of foul brood,
on the part of our rank and file of honey
men, is pretty much taken away. It is no
disgrace for a man to dissent from scien-
tific dogmas, but to dissent from what one
evidently does not comprehend, that is a lit-
tle disgraceful. Buy this book and read it
(Geo. W. York, Chicago), and get the com-
prehension that will enable you to dissent
like a man.

And for the rest a little rather desultory
sampling must suffice. It is hardly practi-
cable, for instance, to condense the answer
to the question on page 9 : " How do germs
induce disease ?" The answer might with
profit be largely expanded instead of con-
densed. The upshot is, partly by their own
multiplication, feeding, scrabbling, ob-
structing passages, damaging surroundings ;
but still more by the queer chemical poisons
which they elaborate and pour out— their lit-
tle weapon, as the skunk's verjuice is his big
weapon. An array of invisible skunks in-
side the bulk of a grain of sand ! The germ
of foul brood, with its poison, injected into
mice, or other small animals, kills them
quickly. (Page 8.) Presumably it is the
poison that does the job both for the mice
and for the young bee.

We have good evidence that the spores of
bacillus alvei are not thrown out into the air "
Page 13.

This is arrived at by cultivating the germ
in a prepared chamber, and trying to make
it pass across short spaces. It will not do
so. If the spores floated in the air, thistle
down fashion, as some germ spores do, little
spaces would be no barrier. A point the
author makes on page 1.5 seems plausible.
All putrefaction is work done by different
sorts of germs ; and some putrefactive germs
also pour out poison. Enough of this dif-
ferent but analogous poison is sometimes
left in cells to kill the first brood reared in
them. Here the owner may think that he
has foul brood when there is nothing which
will propagate itself for any length of time
— poison, but no live poisoners to keep up
the supply of it. In free air foul brood
germs and spores soon die ; but protected
from the air their vitality, waiting a chance
to do mischief, lasts a long time. They also
grow best where very little oxygen can get—

and belong to a subdivision with a queer
name that has that characteristic.

He got one culture out of ten to grow after
the tube it was in had been under boiling
water 45 minutes. This is not quite so severe
as direct contact with boiling water ; but
the germ of foul brood is evidently a sala-
mander. No degree or repetition of cold
which he tried was fatal to the germ in any
case. But thoroughly exposed to the air
some of the germs died in 12 hours, most of
them in 24 ; and all were dead in 48 hours.
This is a good point to hold on to. It makes
rather improbable (but not quite impossi-
ble) the theory that bees carry the infection
on their legs to the anthers of flowers, and
then other bees carry the infection home to
other hives.

" Spores exposed to atmospheric air do not re-
tain their vitality for a sufficient length of time
to reinfect a colony treated by a method which
delays brood-rearing more than four days after
infection has been effectually removed." Page 47.

As a parting shot I would say, Look out
for the spores that have got sealed into the
propolis of the hive wall ( to be unsealed by
next summer's heat) and those that have
penetrated the dozy wood of the bottom
board. It don't require any floating in the
air to get there. Bees pull at the dirty
masses with their bills, and then wipe their
bills, dear doctors.

RioHAKDS, Lucas Co., Ohio, May 25, '94.

ADVERTISEMENTS

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on 50 best wliite No- 6 envelopes, for 20 cents,
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Send me Your Name ^m

send my pamphlet '" How I produce comb hon-
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4-94.3t GEO. E. HILTON, Fremont, Mich.

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THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

171

'AUGHTERS of one of Doolittle's best,
5 - bandpcl breeders mated to selected
drones from Jennie Atchley's 5 - banded
strain, untested, 75 cts ; 6 for $4.25.

tf L. H. ROBEY, Worthington, W. Va.

S. — Queens ready May 25th,

FR£E : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-12t

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

Please mention the Review,

Gow^n Honey Extreictor?

And BEE ESCAPES will be sold at COST
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Bee Escape by mail.

WM. H. BRIGHT,

1.94.12t Mazeppa. Minn.

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Golden Qaeens

From Tennessee, as good as .the best. Untested,

$1.00; tested, $1.50; selected tested, $2.50; extra

selected, $4.00; three-banded, tested, for $1.00.

STEWART BROS.,

5.94.3t Sparta, Tenn.

Please mention the Review

Apiary if? now stocked entirely with
young laying queens of this year's
rearing. Some of them have been lay-
ing long enough so that they are tested.
I will sell the tested ones at $1.00 each,
or with Review one year for $1.75.
For $2.00 the

Queen,

the Review and the book " Advanced
Bee Culture " will be sent. I am yet
receiving weekly shipments of young
laying queens from the best breeders
in the South. These untested queens
I will sell at

75 cts.

each, or with the Review one year for
$1.50. For $1.75 I will send the Re-
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the book " Advanced Br e Culture."

W. Z. HDTCHINSON, Flint, Micli.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of ditferent styles and sizes, made by C. W.
(^ostellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
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W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

GRAY CARNIOLAN

"Rv Pptiirii Mail fine italian queens.

DJf nUlUlli lliail. Bred for Business. Beauty
and Gentleness. Untested in June.$l 00; July
to October 75c each; 6 for $4.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular to

THEODORE BENDER,

6.94.tl: Canton, Ohio.

Please mention the Review.

Your

ATTENTIO/HI,

PLEASE.

One untested queen in June, $1.00

One " " July to Sep., 75

Six " queens, in .June, 5 00

Six " " July to Sep., 4.00

One 2-frame Nucleus in June, 2.75

One 4-frame " " 4.00

All nuclei contain untested queens. Send for cir-
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J. F. A\ICHAEL,

l-94-9t German. Darke Co. Ohio.

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Address W. F. & UNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

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172

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

QUEEM5r

Either golden or leather color
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tlian many. Try one queen and
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5-91-4t Havana, N. Y.

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I Have Everything

Needed in the Apiary. Latest Improve-
ments. Best Quality. Bottom Prices. My
Strain of GOLDS ■ ITALIAN BEES have
few Equals. Send for Price List.
3-94-tf E. F. QUIGLEY. Unionville. Mo.

GOLDEN ITALIANS.

If you want bees that are large, beautiful,
very gentle and great honey gatherers, try my
Golden Italians. They are pronounced very
fine by W. Z. Hutcliinson and many others.
Satisfaction guaranteed. One untested queen,
80 cts., three for $2.00. One warranted queen,
$1 00, three for S~.50. Tested queens, $1..W each.
Selected, tested queens, $2.00 each . 3-94-tf

C. M. HICKS, Hickaville, Wash. Co., Md.

Please mention the Reuieui.

GOLDEN

ITALIAN

QUEENS,

Reared by the Doolittle method, at 75 cents eacli
for untested queens. Breeding queens, the very
best. $4 00 each. Nuclei, $1.00 per frame. Full
colonies of Italians, $6.00 each. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Send for price list. F . A. CROWEUL,
3-94-tf Granger, Fill. Co., Minn.

i^Money Order Ojfic, Cresco, Iowa )

I Out on the Prairie, f

s
s

I
I
I

Away frt)m other varieties of bees, I rear
Italian queens that cannot be excelled
for Beauty, Gentleness, and Business
Qualities ; and I offer them for April
delivery at the following prices : —

One Untested Queen, 80 cents ; three
for $2 25; six for $4.00. Tested, $1.25;
select, tested breeder, yellow to the tip,
$1..50. 3-94-tf

G E. DAWSON, Carlisle, Ark.

i Names of Bee - Keepers.

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

ia li

BEEBBBBClEBBEBBEBBEIEECiBESBC

The names of my castoniers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $l.iiO
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Bees

Bees.

If you contemplate buying Bees and Queens
the coming season, write for special prices to

3-94-tf

popt Jennings, Ohio.

t).94,lt

MY FRIENDS :-I
am here to tell you
if you want honey
to sell in the fall,
buy yc ur Queens
from

C. F. BECKEY,
Mi;niU)u B eac h ,
Michigan. He has
those gentle, test-
ed, five band Ital-
ian liustlers, for
$1.50; untested,
$1.00, ;i for $2 50,
6 for $5.0(1, 12 for
$S (10, or best breed-
er for $2.00. Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Please mention Review .

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

173

EE - KEEPEt^S,

Send for free catalogue of 70 pages, describing
Evepything Used in the Apiapy.

est Goods at Liouucst Pt^ices. ^S^l^^^%.^:::'k^

Atchinson, Kan., St. Paul, Minn., Des Moines, Dnbnquo, and Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and other

p^'^^^" 4-94.4t E. Kt^ETCHMEH, ^ed Oak, loma.

Freight on Root's polished sections and 16 - sec-
tion sliippiug cases, in lots of 5,000 and 200 res-
pectively, to be shipped from the factory to
points within 30 ' miles. Send for catalog.
4-94 3t B. W/\UKER, Evart, AViclj.

— If you are going to —

BIJY a BtIZZ - SAW^,

write to tlie editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by tolling you the price at
which he would sell it.

GOLDEN 'T'LiiN QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1894. For
the price, wo have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1.50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-9412t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Review.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES. SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

194-12t. RIVER FALLS. WIS.

We Will Prepa^y If You Want Bees

That will just "roll" in the honey, try
MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS, the result
of fifteen yeai's careful breeding.

Dr. H. Lung, Lexington, Ky . says: " I have
had the pleasure of seeing many fine str.mns
of bees, yet I have never seen such industri-
ous, energetic bees— a grand triumph in breed-
ing. I must extend my admiration for your
success as a bee propagate r."

Warranted queens, $1 00 each; three for$2 50.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

Reference : A.I. Root, Medina, Ohio, who
has purchased of me 666 queens.

J. P. MOORE.
6.94.tf ■ Norgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

HUSTLERS !

Read what one of the largest bee-keepers of
this country says. ''The queens (two doz.) came
promptly. They are an extra fine lot. The bees
are finely marked, gentle, and HUSTLERS
when it comes to honey. 1 have no trouble in
picking them out now from over 6"0 colonies."
W. L. {^OGGSHALL, West Groton, N. Y., October
17, 18"3.

Prices for queens bred for business from the
above strain, 5-BANDED. are in May. $1.00; after
May, 75 cents ; }^ dozen in May- or Juno, $4.00 ;
doz. $7.50; July and later, six for f 3..5I) ; doz,
f6..50 Single queens WARRANTED purely ma-
ted. I Guarantee all queens to arrive safely and
to be GOOD RELIABLE queens Send for free
circular. Draw M. O. on. and address

J. B. CASE, Port Orange,

ll-93-tf Vol. Co., Fh)rida.

KNOCK DOWN :

Yes, I have a large stock of D. T. Hives,

Supers. Frames, Sections, etc., all in the "knock

down," and ready to ship at a moment's notice.

Write at once for large catalogue and price

list of everything needed in the apiary.

£. li. KINCAID,

3-94tf Walker, Vernon Co., Mo.

Please mention the Reuieut,

Warranted Queens

80c. EACH,

Erom the old reliable Kenward-Hall .\piary .
Tested, $1.00 each; untested, 75c.

$8.00 per dozen.
J. W. K. SHAW & CO.,
4 94. tf Loreauville, La.

Our Kgw Style Frame

Gives bettor satisfaction than anything we have
gotten out for several seasons- Our THIN
W.VLLED HIVE is the BEST and CHEAPEST
on the market. With our OUTSIDE WINTER
CASE it makes the best OUT DOOR WINTER
HIVE, and the cheapest. We are the ORIGIN-
AL makers of POLISHED SECTIONS, and our
goods are acknowledged to be tlie best, and
cheap as any.

Illustrated Catalogue and copy of the AMER
ICAN BEE KEEPER free on application.

THE W. T. FALCONER M'F'G. CO,

Jainestown, N. Y.

174

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

^00@@@)^yyQyQ060@^

t's Foundation

Was awarded World's Fair medal. Dealers and others, write for samples and prices. ^

6)
The finest polished Sections and Dovetailed Hives in any quantity. Large, lUustra- g)

ted Price List of everything needed in the apiary sent free; it also contains a large R

amount of information. Address M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. 4-94-41 S

I only mean that in my yard all queens be-
come "headless" unless their bees prove to be
gentle, beautiful and great honey gatherers. I
have both the tliree and five-banded varieties,
bred in separate yards, twelve miles apart.
Warranted (juoens only 60 cts. each; tested, 90
cts. Strong, two-frame nuclei, $1 90 each.
Three- rame, $2.35; four-frame, $2.80. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.

l-94-12t. J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.

HARDY

Business ?»? Queens.

Bee-koepers of the North, we can furnish
you NOW with hardy bi'ed queens of eith( r
the ^ banded golden Italians, or gray ('ar-
niolans. Our prices are very reasonable.
Send for them before placing your orders.
Satisfaction guaranteed. A complete de-
scription and price list free. 6-94 tf

F. A. LOCKHART & CO,, Lake GEORG^ N. Y,

Please mention the Revietv.

mm QU[[NS from T[m.

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAUTY AND GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— March, April and May —
$1 00 each. 150 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders, $1.50 each. Order early. Send for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,

4-94-6t Box 3. LibaON.TEX.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOE, 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St. , N. Y. City.

[SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

E have a large stock of SECTIONS now

ready, both No. land No. z. W me for
special prices on winter o-dei.s in large or small
lots, including all other Supplies. Also Berry
Crates and Baskets made ui> or in flat.

Addrees, BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO.,
l-94-6t Berlin Heights, Ohio.

TK€ mCJll. B€Z fOUKD AT LilST t

A Superior 5trAln of GoNep It&lizvns

The result of thirteen years' careful bn eding and selection. They are gentle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter the eeciioiis readily, cap tlieir lioney the whitest,
are not inclined to swanii, and are second to none in beauty, : ii sfrrdn of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of young
queens, warranted puroly mated, in April and Mav, $1.25 each ; six for $6.00. In
June, $1.00 each; six for $5.00 From July to Nov., $1.0(1 eacli or six for $4.50.
The price of tested (lueens, bees by the pound, nuclei and full C()h)nio8 given upon
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or iiioiioy refunded.

SECTIOr«5/ $2.(K) per 1,000. Lovetailod Hives at bottom prices. For full
particulars, send for descriptive catalogue. l-!U-tf

C. D. DUVALL, Speaoerville, Mont.lCo., Maryland.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Where ALL queens are mated on

AN ISLAND 5 MILES FROM MAINLAND

TO HAND PICKED DRONES they are

ACKNOWLEDGED BY ALL TO BE THE
FINEST IN THE WORLD

We have mating under PERFEcn

CONTROLEjrYOUWOULD SEETHE HE
SULT, DROP US ft CAB D C YOU WILL GET
BYRETURI:) MAIL.TWO SAMPLES'OF
BEES, 5 BANDED ITALIANS C GREY
CARNIOLANS.FINESTOF THEIR KIND
IN EXISTANCE.IFVOU ARE TIRED OF
BUYING 5BAN0ED QUEENS WHICH
PlfODUCE3-4BANDEOBEES, GIVE
US A TRY AND WE WILLS UR PRISE
YOU.IFYOUHAVENEVER SEEN OUR
STOCK, DR0PUSACAR08 LET-US
5H0WY0UWHATWE HAVE.ADDRESS
A.W.Brown Port RowanCanada

Please mention the Reuieui.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER.

WRITE U5- -.

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

the

"BOSS" ONE-PIEGE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
Wo have everything in tiptop order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. Foi?rict?ooK & CO.,

Jan. 1st, 1894. Watertown, Wis.

Home^HDade,

FOOT - FOWEK,

BUZZ-SAW.

I have for s ilc a home nimlo, foot power bnzz
saw made b.\ my liroilier. The frame w..rk and
1al)io arc well and siil)st!iiitiaily made, tlu; main
sliaftand banri wi'oeJ are f>f iron, and the m-in
dreloneof RooCs .1f3 50 mandrels, with a si-vou
iucli Haw. Althuiigli I lie inaciiino ii.it- bei n us -d
a year or two it is in porfrcff)rd(>r, and is probrb'y
IS d siiablH in all respects as any foot-power
saw jiiade. It is offered for $18.0 ■.

W. Z. HUT(^HLNSON, Flint, Mich.

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. Colwick, N-nsc, Tex.-is,
wliore tbev can get a nice tested ITALIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 1,S9;5 ) for $1.25. Untested
queens iii April or May at $1.00 each or |9 CO per
dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be sliipped when wanled.
2-94-tf J. N. COLWICK. Norse. Texas.

Please mention the Reuieiv.

THE BEST OF ALL A RE THE

ALBINO BEES.

TAKE NOTICE :-After the first of June. I
will fill orders for the first 101) untested queens
at 60 cents each. Send in your orders at once
and avail yourself of this special offer.

S. VALENTINE,

5 94-lt Hagerstown. Md.

• ^^^ • -^^ » '^. 9 "«. (

Giveo Awaiy,

•-«.•'

Our now catalogue of Bees and Bee-Keepers'
Supplies to any sending their address. It con-
tains the latest prices on HIVE5, CR/\TE5>j
SECTIO/HS, POUMDATIOW, and the new
Stirer FEEDER; one fif the best feeders in
the market— just the thing for spring feeding.

OLIVER HOOVER 6- CO.,

4-94-tf Riverside, Pa.

[

r^ |~" r~" CIIPPI IFQ Such as Hives Sections, Founda-

L^ ^ L. >Jv-»mL_it<5 TiON, Extractors, and Everything

I jl I Else Used BY A Bee - keeper. Also Clover Seed. Buck-

■-•^ ^"^ •— WHEAT. BEES and queens. Large Wholesale and Retail

catalog FREE. IMMENSE STocK.^^^ JOS. NYSEWANDER,Oes Moines, Iowa.

176

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEa.

f
1

DAD ANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and <..her Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SOH, HaiHiltOn, IliS. ^

^7\ ^^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Pl-ase. mention the Hcuie • . ^^^^^^ r\~"

W. R. STIRLING,

MANUFACTURER OF

Ttie Moilel Bee - Eiyp,

Frames, Sections, Feeders,
Smokers, Extractors, Honey
( 'ans, Shipping Cases, Bee
Voila, etc., also breeder of

Italian Qiieens.

■l-94-4t Send for pi 'ce list to

W. R. STIRLINU, Rondeau, Box 9, Ontario, Canada

BINGHAM PERFECT

BEE SMOKER

I'at'd 1878. 1882, & 1802.

Cheapest & Best on Earth.

Send Card for Circular to

Bingham &Hetheriiigtoii

ABKONIA, MICH.

^^^^ \^ Queens rank with the beet in
g^g\ ' fhe world. I rear none ex-

■ I ■ cept the best Italians bred for

■ I I busintss, beauty and all good

■ I I (lualities. I strive to excel, and

■ A I have shipped to every State and

■ I to foreign countries, and if I have
M ^ '^ dissatisfied customer, I don't
r A know it. A large number of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and
.5 band, f 2.00 ; straight 5 band, S^^.OO. Untested,
fl.OO. Eeforence, A.I. Koot. W. H. LAWS.
:i-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

Please mention the Reuiew.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate an^ Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. .Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
ls4.12t Indianapolis, Iiid.

Fiease mention the Review.

ALL BEE-KEEPERS

"WeLnt a. Oood Bee Smoker*.

The Higginsville Smoker is designed to supply
this want at a reasonable price.

The Higginsville Smoker is a "daisy," has a 3
inch fire box, a liinged curved nozzle that will turn
back out of the way while loe.,>.ag, and has a bar
of folded tin running horizontally with the fire hox
to k^pp the hand from coming iii contact with the
hot fire box.

We claim the following points for this smoker :
Cheapness, Excellence, Strong blast. Heavy vol-
ume of smoke and no burnt fingers.

Price, 60c. each ; 6 for $3.00 : $5.00 per doz.

20 cents extra by mail Special prices to dealers.
If you will send us your name plainly writon on
a postal card we will mail you our caUilogue of Ree-
Keepers' supplies, also a copy of the Progressive Bee
Keeper, a journal devoted to Bei^s and Honey.
Address :

LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo.

July, 1894.

At Fliqt, Micl^igaq. — Oqe Dollar a Year.

178

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

flOVEHTISlHG t^RTES.

■All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal ( 1.00)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)... .

Bee Keepers' Guide ( .50)

Apiculturist ( .75)

Bee-Keepers' Enterprise . . ( .50)

...$1.75.
... 1.75.
... 1.75.

. . 1.40.
... 130.
,.. 1.40,
... 1.65.

. . . 1.40.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North AmeYican Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all foar sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark,"' etc.

NEW YORK, N. Y.— There is no comb honey
on the market ; of extracted there is a good sup-
ply, but the demand is very limited and the fol.
lowing prices are hard to obtain for round lots.
White, 60 to 65 cents per gallon ; amber, 55 to 60 ;
dark, 5( i to 55 Beeswax, 37 to 28.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

July 18. 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

CHICAGO 111.— The honey market is very dull
at last month's nuotations ; but we have moved
considerable stock at 13 cts and believe that 13 to
14 will rule for the balance of the season. Tliere
is plenty of inquiry for beeswax with none to of-
fer. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 13 to
14; No. 1 white. 13; fancy amber, 12; white ex-
tracted, 5 to 6 ; beeswax, 25.

J, A. LAMON.

Mar. 7. 43 So. Water 8t„ Chicago, 111.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.-We quote as follows :
No. 1 white, 15 to 16 ; No. 1 amber, 14 to 15; No 1
dark, 9 to 12 ; white extracted, 6 ; amber, 5 ; dark,
4. Beeswax, 20 to 25.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,

July 9. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— Small amount of honey on
hand and trade is slow, mostly for off grades
that bring from 7 to 10 cts. We quote as follows:
Fancy white, 13 to 14; No. 1 white, 12 to 12'/2 ;
fancy dark, 8 to 9 ; No. 1 dark, 7 to 8 ; beeswax,
25 to 30. cts.

June 5.

BATTERSON & CO., ,

167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn., -The market is very
weak at present, but, evidently will be better
later on. We quote as follows : Fancy^ white, 16
to 17 ; No. 1 white, 15 ; fancy amber, ISVs to 14 ;
No. 1 amber, 12 ; fancy dark, 10 : white extracted.
6V4 to 7; amber extracted, 6; dark extracted. 5!;4 •

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.
Jan. 2. ^

CHICAGO, 111.— Some of the new crop of
white comb honey is at hand, and is selling at
16 cents a pound;- old honey is out; and extract-
ed is selling at from 5 to 7 cts. der pound. Bees-
wax, 25 cts.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

July 5. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO. 111. —Comb honey will be of active
sale this fall and we advise early consignments
of the best grades of comb. We expect fancy
white to bring 16 cts. Extracted is selling at 5
to 6 cts. C'orrespondence solicited.

July 17. S. T. FISH & Co.,

189 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

I AM keeping a lot of queens according to the
plan described by Mrs. Atchley in the last
Review, and am well pleased with it. Unless
orders are unusually large, it enables me to fill
them by return mail, W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mich.

Texas Rc2ircd
Golden Itziliz^n Queens

BRED for BUSINESS and BEAUTY. March,
April and May, Untested, $1.00; Tested, $1.50.
After, Untested, 7.5c. ; Tested, $1.00. Remit by
P. O. Money Order, or Registered Letter. Price
List Free. W H. WHITE,

5.94.tf Deport, Lamar Co,, Tex.

Please mention the Reuiew.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER.

VHE BEE-KEEPERS' RLVIEW.

179

FEEDIHG J8AGK

M) Honey to secure the completion of unfinished sections can

S be made very profitable if rig-htl}' manag-ed during- the hot

j^ weather of July and Aug-ust. In "Advanced Bee Cul-

|lw!|

•(gN ture" may be found complete instructions reg-arding- the

g selection and preparation of colonies, preparation of the

®) feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping-

of the combs, time for removing- the honey, and how to

manage if a few sections in a case are not quite complete ;

in short; all of the '"kinks" that have been learned from

years of experience and the "feeding- back" of tons of honey.

Price of the hook, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the

book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. vS. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSOH, Flint, Mich.

GO TO

HEAD
QUARTERS

FOR 4- AND 5 BANDED

QUEENS

Special, breeding queen, . . $^.< 0

Best, select, tested, . 3.00

Tested, 2.r.0

Untested 1.00

" per dozen, 9.00

L. L.. HEARN.
7-93-tf Oakvale, W. \p.

Fipcb'? Foundation,

MADE BY

An Iroprovecl Proce^?,

IS THE

Be^t Zipcl Cheapest.

SEE SAMPI.ES FKOM

W. J. FinCH Jr.,

Springfi^ltl, Illinoi?. 4-94-4t

EE SUPPLIES!

I Send for free copy of ILLUSTRATED
' CATALOGUE— describing everytliing
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G. Newman, 147 So.Western Ave. .Chicago.

FREE— To New Subseribers
Newman's " Bees and Honey."

This book treats of the management
of an apiary for pleasure and profit.
Over 200 pages, and over 200 illus-
trations. The book for beginners
or the more advanced. Send $1.00
for the American Bee Journal 1
year (weekly) and get the book Free.
The "Bee Journal" has 32 pages—
istablished in 1861. Sample Free.

, a Choice of these BEE-BOOKS

^ " Scientific ^ueen ■ Rearing."

^ By G. M. Doolittle (portrait shown
tK herewith). Tells how the very best
P^ Queen-Bees are reared in accord
tx with Nature's way. 176 pages. $1 00
j? for this book and "Bee Journal"
jy one year. Address,

^ GEORGE W.YORK & CO.

^ 56 Fifth Avenue, - Chicago, IlIj.

180

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIKyv

facture. They a
sold over 150.000
like "hotciikes.

The new '!)4 iiv kU-I Crane
is a bPMUiy Aiin'tiK sonu^
of il8 (Jistinffirsliiiif: fea-
tures are an inipii ai d

Cb«cK-\?2klve,

a device that rorc"!- the
air through the cup,fven
when crammed wilh fuel,
and at the s imi> tinu- iv ■ ^
vents smoke frciii goin
into the bellows : a

Hing:«<i Top

secured by a iiialleal> p
iron hinge arcinntel\
milled at iIh' j im so llun
the top will flv s(!unieJy
in pl;ice. N o n e I'd <■ f
burning fingers in repi n-
ishing, nor 1< sing tl e op
off.

Tb« Lining

this year consists (if a h s-
to8 sheeting ;ir' uml the
outside of the' firo-ciiinaiMl

Strepgtb of Blajt

Is not the only yood feiture of the Smokers we manu-
re stroller and well made. Of the Clark Cold Blast we have
and the Crane Hot Blast — well, although new it is taking

)RRUGATED
SHIELD

over this still is a neat
corrugated shield. This
cnnbination is the most
effr'ctive of anything we
have ever trieii. And last
but not Ipnst, the cup is
s" en rod bv four small
HOLTS, no- screws.

Pric^ of Crane Smoker,
each in a neat telescope
past board box, $1.60;
prepaid, $1.95. Deal-
ers, write for wholesale
prices.

N. !>.— We are the au-
thnrized manufacturers.

D.in't forget that our
p ilished

Sections
cannot bt' oxcoUed. Send
for our .iU page catalog,
and sample < f Gle.\ni>gs
IN Hee - Cui/ruRE.

J^. I. leOOT, IMIed-izia., Oiiio.

Special Offer.

Ill order to introduce our live-banrled. golden,
and three banded, leather- colored bees in your
locality, we will sell queens at the following
prices: untested, 60 cts. ; warrantPil, 75 cts. ;
tested. fl.OO; s^oct, $2.<'0; the very best breed-
ing (pienn, $6.00 We have two, large queon-
re:iring yards containing nearly ^i"" nuclei.

liElHlHCEf^ BI^OS.,

;^-91-tf Foft Jennings, Ohio.

Please mention the .'Review.

PfiTENT. WIREB, COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TM:', Flat - Boliii Foiiiiilaiioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being thp cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
1. VAN DEITSKN & SONS,
(SOLE MANUFACTURERS),

H-itO-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. (V>.,N-Y

Warranted,

I'uri ly mated (jueens of ni.\ choice, fivc-
Ijanded. golden, Italian stock at Sl-OU
each; six for S.'i.UO. Satisfaction guaran-
tee I. Try one aufi you will want more.

Swedona, Ills.
(M.O. office, Cable.)

S. F. TREGO,

ion the Reuieu

Produce Big Yellow Bees that Winter Out-
Doors, (lathf'r Lots of Honey, and are Gentle.
Warranted Purely Mated, each $1.00; six for
$0.00; I-' for S8.0 . They are Beauties! Safe
arrival and satisfaction gaaranteed. 3-94-tf

In ordering be sure and mention the Review.

E. p. QUIGUHY, Unionville, JVIo.

MONEY returned::.,,'

ill huying PORTER BEE ESCAPES

salislied after it'stin;:- lb, ■in. Prominent
liee-keepcrs ('\ eiywlu'fe us(> -.iiul lii'-iih" reeonnin'iul tlii'in a,s th*) best. No olliri-; ret'eived a
W(nld'>. Fair award. Testimonials, ere., free Prices: Each, postpaid witii diiin lions. :.'0 <-ts.;
per doz., $2.2.5. Order from your dealer, or the ninfrs , R.<St E. C. PORTER, l.EWit^TO'WN. ILL.

e (i)ee-

eepeps jAcviea

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR,
W. Z. HDTCHISON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL, VII

FLINT,

IICHIGAN,

JULY 10. 1894.

NO, 7.

AVork at IVEioliigan's

Experimental

Apiary.

B. L, TATLOB, APIARIST.

SPBING PEOTEOTION AND STIMULATIVE

FEEDING.

TN making ex-
1 perimentswith
bees it goes witli-
oat saying that
the rule that pre-
vai's in experi-
mentation in oth-
er matters holds
with them, viz.,
that the larger
the number of in-
dividuals taken
into considera-
tion in an experiment the more reliable are
the results obtained, or, at least, the less
liable are the results to be vitiated by con-
tingencies resulting from inscrutable cir-
cumstances ; with this fact in mind, ar-
rangements were made early in the season
to conduct some experiments on a scale of
some magnitude looking to a solution of
some of the problems relating to the spring
protection of bees and to the so-called stim-
ulative feeding of bees. The plan was to
keep a " hive history " of each of the col-
nies considered in the experiment as fully as
it might be practicable to do so from the

time the bees began to gather pollen in the
spring until the close of the honey season
and to include in the experiment three or
four times as many bees as the apiary be-
longing to the station contains. The ex-
periment was begun with upwards of eighty
colonies, but on account of the condition of
the bees and other circumstances losses were
sustained and substraction made which have
reduced the number to sixty-one. Of this
latter number, nine two-story Heddon hives
and twelve one-story ones were packed in
sawdust from the 10th of April till the 10th
of -June, while twenty, two-story ones and
twenty one-story ones were unpacked. Saw-
dust was used because planer shavings which
would have been preferred could not be ob-
tained. The sawdust was apparently dry
but close examination showed it was not en-
tirely so — not being thoroughly seasoned.
In consequence of this defect care was taken
to remove the covers from tlie i)acking dur-
ing sunny days until the packing was en-
tirely dry. This operation must have had
an added advantage since it was found it
permitted the sun to penetrate to the hives
and store much heat in the sawdust.

The packing was from two to three inches
thick on the front of the hives, three inches
on top of covers and about four inches on
the back ends and sides except where two or
more hives were adjacent when the space be-
tween was entirely filled.

On the removal of the colonies from the
cellar just before the packing was done they
were divided into two classes one consisting

182

THr BEE-KEEFERS' REVIEW.

of those that, judging from their condition,
whould be likely to require two sections of
the Heddon hive before time for unpacking,
and the other of those that would not be
likely to need more than one sec io: . Each
of the latter class was allowed but one sec-
tion and each of the former two. After be-
ing thus arranged each hive was weigl ed
and a careful estimate made of the strength
of the colony it contained and a record there-
of made on the spot. The strength of the
colonies was estimated by the number of
spaces occupied by the bees when closely
clustered on account of cold weather. When
the colony showed a strength somewhat in
excess of what would lie indicated by a given
number of spaces that excess was indicated
by the plus (4 ) sign and a still greater ex-
cess by two or more such signs. In a like
manner different degrees of deficiency were
indicated by one or more minus ( — ) signs.
Each of these signs may be fairly consid-
ered as having a value of one-fourtli a whole
space and in the additions made in the hc-
compayning table they are so treated.

Table showing partial results of experi-
ments made in packing colonies in the
spring and in feeding tq stimulate bretd-
ing, etc.

TWO-STOBY HEDDON HIVES PACKED AND FED.

if2

'a ??

6 —

6 + -f
5

4 —

5 +

4 —
4 —
6 -

19^

n
4314

6 —

6 + +

« + +

6 ^
6

SAME UNFED.

34
48
42V4
43 '/a
43'4

'Zll

47 Ki
46

5 38

4 42'4

7 + + ^^"y-i

6 36' i

221^

1681.1

TWO-STOKY HEDDON HIVES UNPACKED AND FED.

7 —

6 —
5

5 +

3 +

51
35

58
52

1 + +

6 + +

7 + f
6

5 +

52?i

54
44a4

252U

a tH

0 X

3 0/

U Pi

^ C

= ^

'S .
^0

'53

st"-_;

tcS

3 -

C >s

c a

^.S£

fi 5

rXiJ2

-M-,

SAME UNFED.

52J^

5914

. 5

47M

6 + +

54M

5 —

-0

6 —

4214

5 —

42M

6 +

441/2

4 +

5 —

■i<J

7 + +

50)4

6 —

461^

7 + +

37^2

44%

42^

7 +

48%

5 +

52M

3?%

3 —

40%

4 -

39H

3 +

43M

44^

4 —

34%

67% 642 88

ONE-STOKY HEDDON HIVES PACKED AND FED.
1 4 - 31V4 3 + 271^

4 -

5 +
4 —

6 +

22%

28
31

29%
31

151

SAME UNFED.

29
31J4

!iO

32}^
3-%
36
31M

28
27

a5M

27
^34%

21%

22M

31>ii

28>6

26H

28 22 -i •Z6^A 188J4

ONE STOltY HEDDON HIVES UNPACKED AND FED.

4 —
4 -
4
4

4 -
4

2314

4
5 -

5 —
4 —

6 —
4

4
3
4
4

25%

26%

261/3

25M

4 +
6
5

3 +
6

SAME UNFED.

26% :

28% I

32%

2b%

26 •Ts

25%

+ +

3u}^
21^

5
3

5 —

6 +
5 +
3 +
7

25%

5014 H

26H

■My4

i28,>4

24%
48 ri
25K^
25%
33_^

~4>2

26)4
25^
2634
47>4 H
39% H
23%
44 H
23^

59% 25914 69l(. 256%

The stimulative feeding was begun at the
close of apple blossom. May 20th, and was
kept up till the tenth of June. When a col-
ony would take so much that a pound of
thin syrup made of one pound of sugar to

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

183

two of water was given daily, but the major- figures are, I think, about fifty per cent.

ity of the colonies fed, ou account of a com- higher than would be required to express the

bination of a lack of strength and of bad brood in L. frames. But it is hardly safe to

weather, would not take so much as a gen- compare hives of different dimensions by

eral thing. The colonies packed were fed estimates.

at the entrance in a simplicity feeder to- The results have been a great surprise to

wards evening as soon as the bees ceased me for while I have doubted whether the ad-

tiying, the others were fed from the top of vantage resulting from packing and stimu-

the hive. The unpacked colonies not thus lative feeding would repay tlie required labor

fed were each supplied with combs of honey and expense, I have never heretofore seri-

in an extra section of the hive from which ously doubted that there would be some con-

the bees were at liberty to take what they siderable advantage in them. I recommend

wished but these combs were removed before the accompanying table to the careful study

re-weighing. The packed colonies not given of all who are interested in getting at the

the stimulative feed, ou account of the in- truth in these most important matters relat-

convenience of it, were not given combs of ing to apiculture and only if this recom-

honey but all had an abundance of stores. mendation is heeded will I fail to begrudge

After the sawdust was removed from those the great amount of labor involved in secur-

packed the strength of each colony was again ing the facts required to construct it. It

carefully estimated and weighed as before, need hardly be said that there are indica-

each having the same hive as before except tions that it may be found of value in the

numbers 2, 9, 14, li) and 19 of the one-story solutions of other questions than these al-

unpacked hives, each of which ou account of ready mentioned.

increasing strength required more room and 1 will give iiere in conclusion in brief some
was accordingly given an additional section of the results which may be gleaned from
containing some honey the weight of which the totals found in the table, first calling at-
by an oversight at the time of adding them, tention to the fact that the difference in con-
was not taken. These colonies are indicated dition between June 10th and April 10th is
in the table by the letter H and it should be arrived at by comparing the number of
noted that in making the additions of the frames of brood June 10th with the number
weights in the table the figures indicating of spaces occupied by the bees April 10th
the weights of these colonies are disregarded. and expressing the difference in frames of

The estimate of strength at this time was brood, and of course the result is the average

based upon the anaount of brood possessed per colony. The minus sign indicates a loss.

TWO-STORT HIVES.

Packed and fed gain 95 frame brood 2.35 — pounds.

Packed and not fed " .75 " " 1.06—

Unpacked and fed " 1.40 " " 2.8 "

Unpacked and not fed " 7.35 " " 3.53 "

ONE-STOKT HIVES.

Packed and fed " .15-" " 3.35—

Packed and not fed " .25—" " 4.82—

Not packed and fed " .54 " " ,35— "

Not packed and not fed " .70 " " 1.75—

TWO-STOBY HIVES.

Packed " .85 " " 1.70— "

Not packed " 1.37 " "• 2.61+

Fed " 1.17 " " .22

Not fed " 1.05 " " 1.18

ONE-STOBY HIVES.

Packed " .20—" " 4.08—

Not packed " .62 " " 1.05—

Fed " .20 " " 1.8.5—

Not fed " .22 " " 3 28— "

by each colony. In the case of the two-story So in every way in which comparison can

hives the figures express as near as may be be made the unpacked colonies have the

the amount in L. frames as they are usually advantage both in increase of strength and

filled. In the case of the one-story hives the in weight, and it should be said also that out

184

TBE BEE-KEEPERS' UKVIEW.

of thirteeu two-story hives packed there was
a loss of four against uone among those not
packed, while of the one story oues the loss
among the packed ones was more than
twice as great as among the unpacked ones.

For stimulative feeding it is to be said
that it shows a very trilling advantage in
three cases and is at a disadvantage in the
fourth case.

It should be remembered, however, that in
order to be conclusive repeated experiments
must be made, as the results may depend on
the character of the season.

This hive history is to be continued during
the season and interesting results may be
looked for if there should be a fair honey
How which is to be hoped for though the
present prospect is very unpromising.

Lafeeb. Mich.

June 2^t, 1894.

The Workine of Bee - Escapes in General;
The Philosophy of the Matter.

C. W. DATTON.

How IS it ? Look with eyes and see,
And not within thy study chair
With restful heels thrust up somewhere,

Decide just how it ought to be.

ihad confidently
hoped that the
article in the last
Review would re-
lease me from fur-
ther discussion of
the subject but af-
ter reading it over
I see that I am af-
flicted with the
disease described
by Friend (Mr.)
Hasty on page 139
of the May Re-
view— wrote what I did not mean to say,
namely, "'before the bees would take time
to find their way through they would take
time to unload." While they would likely
take the " time " I doubt if many "unload."
They seem to load up to go through the es-
cape about the same as when smoked out,
but I do not remember of having seen any
cells uncapped, as by the smoke plan, even
where the combs had every cell sealed ; so I

infer that nearly all bees which are found on
finished combs, in supers, go there with a
load. In a super of entirely sealed combs
they would remain loaded because there
would not be any suitable place for it. I say
suitable because I believe they aim to dis-
pose of their loads where it will be immedi-
ately taken care of and where the sealers are
at work, rather than any vacant cell. In
tiering up, the bees in the finished crate
would likely be straggling loaded ones. Af-
ter the harvest unloaded bees might be there,
but finished combs should be removed while
the honey flow continues. It is partly fin-
ished ones which are allowed to remain until
it is certain the harvest is entirely over.

The article should have stated that the
number used was either 48, GO or 72 and no
crates were removed except by the aid of es-
capes. This is as far as extensive experi-
ence goes, and I believe there is much
truth in the following paragraph from page
158 of the Progressive Bee-Keeper. " Those
having several hundred colonies can not
have the intimate acquaintance with indi-
vidual colonies that enables the small bee-
keeper to experiment with this one and that
one." It is an experiment to ascertain if an
escape is of any use at all, but it may be a
far greater or more complicated or expen-
sive one to adopt it into the present system
of management. So we may advise the
operator to understand the disposition of the
bees upon every inch of one escape and its
board before aplying it to the management
of 100 colonies.

" Fitness of person is taking the highest
rank in the bee business in the place of hon-
ey producing hives and fixtures," first ap-
peared in the American Bee-Keeper, then on
page 355 of the American Bee Journal. Now
if we extract so much of this abundant store
of "fitness" as was derived from experi-
ments with and the manipulation of the
hives and fixtures, how much will you give
for his assistance in your apiary this sum-
mer ? And unless we continue to experi-
ment with escapes and other recent ad-
ditions to the "hive and fixture" line will
not the " fitness of person" have about at-
tained its climax ?

I first began experimenting with escapes,
to get bees out of supers when I worked all
day in the printing oflice, putting the escapes
on the hives in the morning and carrying
the crates of honey into the house in the

THE BEE-KEEPERS' BE VIEW.

185

evening. These were of the earliest form of
cones. As early as l.ss;5 I saw others use
cones and used several myself to trap rob-
bers in hives which were being robbed. The
earliest form of cones consisted of many
converging wires like the all-wire rat trap ;
where the rats could crowd their way in but
could not crowd out against the points of
convergent wire. For bees a simple wire
cloth cone was made and then the lateral
wires raveled out. In fact the first escapes
were faithful copies of the rat trap. From
this inventors switched off on to the simple
wire cloth cone. This was a faithfnl copy
of the principles of the Hy trap. Then came
escapes with lateral leaf springs. These are
convergent, and a lateral leaf spring is the
union of several converging wires into one.
Many of the converging wires and all of the
gated traps provided the unobstructed floor
for the bees to walk upon. Cones, converg-
ing wires, springs, gates, exits and floors
were hashed up and lay for a longtime upon
the apicultural board and enter into present
and future escapes by tiie simple process of
selection and placing upon a separate dish.

The inventor of a device is required to
construct a model or prepare specifications
of his preferred way, which, considering use
and manufacture, is supposed to be the best
way. In order to do this in most apicultural
inventions requires a most thorough under-
standing of the various dispositions and in-
stincts of the bees. Then the particular de-
vice is patented and not the principles it may
involve. Thus a patent is only a partial pro-
tection as it leaves so broad unprotected
territory. It is a guide-board to show in-
ventors where to find productive ground.

By a study of the action of the bees toward
escapes we find them to be very much like
those of a hog or setting hen. If we under-
take to trap the hen off the nest we are likely
to not get her right away because she is not
disposed to leave the nest until she gets
ready. Then when we attempt to drive a
hog he is very careful not to step over or
rub against anj thing, until, when he finds
himself cornered, then it turns into a
desperate case and he prepares to squeeze
through or lift anything that comes in his
way ; and failing in thus making a hole in
the fence, he turns and attempts to run over,
or under, the operator. When the bee es-
cape is first adjusted the bees remain quiet
and undisturbed for about an hour. If a bee
goes in and tries the springs, it tries them

lightly, then perhaps comes out and another
bee does the same. If it happens to pass
through it may think it a mistake and try to
get back at the side of the springs. This
sort of proceedure goes on until some of
them start to go down into the brood cham-
ber for some purpose. They are confused
on finding a bottom board so near. After
rubbing their eyes once or twice they start
for the accustomed entrance. If the en-
trance were there, or some other outside
exit, they would take wing and alight at the
entrance of the hive, below, and the other
bees in the super would be none the wiser
until eacii bee, (like the setting hen), got
ready to perform the same operation. And
they are so slow in getting ready that it spoils
all practicability of the outside exit. As no
entrance is found they examine the other
crevices until they realize that they are con-
fined, and then curiosity changes into un-
easiness, and in a very short time nearly all
in the super join in a demoralized throng
which continues to course about, part on
the side walls of the super and part on the
escape board ai;d they tumble into the cor-
ners where the super and escape board meet
several bees deep : and the greatest accumu-
lation is on the side of the super where they
expect the entrance to be. At the same time
they pull and bite at every crevice to force
an opening.

Now I have known a swarm to begin to
issue from a hive and in order to adjust a
swarm catcner a block of wood one inch
square and a foot or more in length was
placed against the entrance to stop the bees
for a moment. This block was quickly
pushed away and even rolled over when it
was an inch or more away from the en-
trane. This is the kind of force and energy
we have in a swarm of confined bees and I
have soeu them go through a single-exit Por-
ter escape four abreast and two deep, or at
the rate of 500 per minute.

The first evidence an excited bee gets that
she is no. a mile from the brood nest instead
of only V of ^■ii inch is when she catches a
whitt of air that emanates through the es-
cape. She instantlj turns round, fans the
wings twice, and, not being sure of her dis-
covery, runs toward the opening two inches.
The draft comes more unmistakeably, and
after fanning again for about two seconds,
runs hastily forward again. When you are
about to grasp a hog by the hind leg or tail
he does not stop to test the fiexibilily of the

186

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

boards or measure the crevice but he goes
through by a desperate, centrally directed
plunge. So the excited bee goes through the
exit of the escape with hardly a slack in the
rapid pace. Placing her front feet on a
brood frame she continues to fan for a long
time, wafting the air from the brood cham-
ber through the escape for the guidance of
other bees. As each succeeding bee comes
through they take their place a little farther
back and assist in the wing operation. This
line of fanning bees finally extends all the
way back through the escape into the super,
where they stand in line around the entrance
to the escape. Other bees in the super rec-
ognizing this consoling draft, come toward
it. By force of habit they almost stop to
fan where they are. But then, as yet, they
hardly know the reason for fanning. What
little scent comes through the escape is
caught upon the wings of those arranged
around the escape entrance, and mixed with
the air of the super, is violently dispelled
amongst the combs. This uncertainty causes
the rear bees to crowd forward until a solid
line forms around the entrance to the escape.
This checks the draft still more and also
adds to the uncertainty. But more bees
come and climb over the backs of the others
until the line becomes top-heavy and they
roll into the escape from all sides. This
makes confusion complete ; the rear fans
cease and they plunge forward, en masse, in
the direction of the still undisturbed fans,
Ihrough the exit of the escape. After the
channel of the escape is full of bees it is
heaped up, and in looking in from the top
there is a disordered mass of bees that ex-
cludes all glimpses of the escape, each bee
trying to get through first. If a few bees
were to try to get through and fail, they
would return, and the excitement would
grow less, but, instead, they succeed and are
encouraged, and the longer they are kept in
suspense the harder they fan after getting
into the brood chamber, and thereby excite-
ment increases. The atmosphere from the
brood chamber is as precious to their ex-
cited throng as honey would be in the time
of starvation : and they are not satisfied un-
til they are safely and surely at home in the
brood chamber. When this excitement be-
gins I have never known it to take thirty
minutes before four-fifths of the bees had
passed out through the lateral springs but in
the case of simple cones they went out singly
and so slowly that they seem to get over the

excitement and then take their time. While
the exit should possess enough obscurity to
cause this excitement, it is an extreme to
locate it in the center of the board— the most
unexpected place for a bee to look for an
exit. An unexcited bee draws no followers
because it does not fan. When the first ex-
cited bee discovers the way to the brood
chamber it fans. An unexcited bee is not
attracted by fanning. It is the fanning, re-
sulting from excitement, that draws the bees
through the escape with any sort of rapidity.
So as soon as they become excited the exit
should be quickly and certainly found in or-
der that they may pass through while excite-
ment runs high. While they are pulling
slivers from every joint, if the door to the
exit weighed an ounce, there would enough
gather around to raise it. Each unexcited
bee might, in time, lift a door or spring for
itself, and all, finally, get out ; but not with
the rapid movement as when air from the
brood chamber is wafted through an en-
closed passage, which is also the passage
way for extremely anxious bee«.

Those escapes having perforated cover-
ings, as in the Hastings, or with wire cloth
coverings, as in the Lareese, are mistaken
in principle, and misleading to the bees ;
and still more so when the entrance to the
passage is in the center and the exit near
the margin of the boards. And in any es-
cape tliere should be space provided for fan-
ning bees inside the passage after going
through the gates or springs. A certain num-
ber of firemen may form a line to pass buck-
ets of water to the roof of a burning build-
ing, but if they divide and attempt to run
two lines of buckets it may be as well to go
across the road and sit on the fence to enjoy
the conflagration. So long as the escape
operation is confined to one exit the more
perfect will be the line of fanners and the
more liability to incite a concentrated tu-
mult and the more certainty of the tumult
continuing until the bees are practically all
out of the super. Nor need one expect much
uneasiness late in the day. Like setting
hens, queenless bees become quiet and camp
where night finds them. The entrance of a
powerful colony may be closed during the
night but the same thing during the warmth
and light of a business day is quite a differ-
ent matter.

Florence, Calif.

June If), 1894.

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' RhVIEW.

187

Swarm Catchers Versus Queen Traps: High
Hopes for the Self Hiver.

C. H. DIBBEUN.

T HAVE read your editorial on page l(j;5 of
1 the Juue Revihw, aud must say that al-
most every statement made, coutiicts with
all my experience, in the first place it is
stated that " queen traps ( the self hiver
works the same way, but accomplishes more)
aud swarm catcliers both liave tlieir uses,
aud places. " I well remember using swarm
catchers along in the seventies, aud thought
them a good thing. But now 1 did sweat, as
I went running from one end of the apiary
to the other with ihe catctiers, only to tind
most of the bees aire idy iu the air. Tlien
another would swarm, aud another, aud there
would be more running aud perspiring.
About lialf the time I would catch the nueeu,
aud usually a small swarm would settle in
one corner. Then the bees that had got
away from other hives, would settle on the
outside, until the whole catcher looked like a
great bunch of bees. Other hives would uow
swarm, aud a good many bees would be out
before I would see them, or had time to run
for more catchers, and all would be sure to
go to the biggest bunch. Though I had a
half dozen catchers scattered around the
apiary where I thought them most needed, I
would often have them all full, aud still
other hives would be sw.irmiug, ouly to
double up with those on the outside of catch-
ers, coutaiuiug the most bees. "Now, when
the swarmiu^ would let up, I would proceed
to hive the bees. Of coursal would hive the
swarms oq the old stand, but often auother
difficulty would present it-;elf, most of the
bees and queeus had g j.ie back to the old
hive, aud I would have to let them try it
over again. Theu when I came to the big
swarm citchers, with one swarm in. aud two
or three outside, I had au interestiug job.
These would usually require two or three
hives, and perhaps all the queens would get
into the same hive. Then there would be
fightiug, and balliug queeu^^, and oh my ! how
cross the bees were! Now when all the bees
have beeu shaken out of the catchers perhaps
a bunch " as big as a barrel " would be haug-
ing overhead on the limb of some tall tree.
Then there would be climbing, and sawing
oft of limbs, and more hiving, fighting aad
balling of queens. Finally when the sun
was getting low, I would l)egiu to figure up

the net results of the day's work, and it was
work, although people riding by iu cirriages
may have thought I was haviug great fuu,
I would perhaps tiud 1 had secured two or
three fairly good swarms, one or two whop-
pers, and several hives would be entirely
deserted, though they had not swarmed
out.

The following day the same inleresting pro-
gram would usually be repeated, with some
variations. The swarm catc.urs li ivo not
been in use for some years now, aud are
safely stored iu the loft over the honey house.
If any of the readers of the Risview liave use
for them, I will sell them '"dirt cheap." No
sir! the swarm catcher may do for the man
with a half dozen colonies, wh > has nothing
els9 to do but watch for the first few buos to
begin circling around, but for the api irist
who numbers his colonies by the hundred,
never!

But whit about the queen-trap or i^elf-
hiver? I have now used the hiver iu various
forms quite extonsivly for four years, and
though I have met many difficulties, I have
had almost no trouble whuever from
swarms doubling up, though I have often
had from three to five in the air at the same
time. There is no " doubling up in the air "
possible, though every hive in the apiary
swarmed at once, if the queens are retained
each where they start from, or in au empty
hive. I know what I'm writing al)Out, as I'm
hiviug, or rather letting the bees hive them-
selves every day. I have lately so changed
my hiver, that I catch the entire swarm as
surely as they start to swarm, and there is no
going back, or absconding either. Dj I run
around with swarm catchers, or emj ty hives
through the hot sun? Not much! I some-
times lie in the hammock, and just see them
hive themselves as when my hives are prop-
erly rranged, there is little else to do, unless
it is to change over the honey cases. Do I
get good working colonies? — The very best.
as the plan secures most of the hatching bees
from the old hive, to any desired extent. I
am not quite reidy to give the full details of
my hiver, but I firmly believe I have fully
solved the swarming, or non-swarming prob-
lem. I do not even need to prepare hives
any faster than swarms are ready to occupy
them, so that all that racket about so many
empty hives in the apiary is done away with.

Milan, Ills. .June 18, 1894.

188

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE

liis reply

-Ed.]

' \

'■'■\

The Advantages of Swarm Catchers and
How They Are to be Used.

B. TAYLOK.

[Knowing that Mr. Taylor had had much ex-
perience with Swarm Catchers, I thought it
would be well to place his experience along by
the lide of Mr. Dibbern's, hence I sent Mr. Tay-
lor a copy of Mr. Dibbern's article and asked
him to senil^his views for publication. Here is

T7RIEND Hutch-
r^ iuson, here is
my reply to your re-
quest for my exi^eri-
ence with swarm
catchers. Your es-
timate in the June
Reviisw of their val-
ue as compared with
drone traps and self
hivers is very fair.
I will ayree that to
use them success-
fully requires vyide-awake diligence, and I
know of no way of making sloth pay in any-
thing.

On July 5th, 1892, I caught and success-
fully hived i*5 swarms from 11 to 2 o'clock ;
and in the tirst five days o'f the same month
we caught and hived !>5 swarms without get-
ting two swarms mixed in a single instance.
So much in reply to Mr. Dibbern's doleful
story.

I have now reduced ray bees to less than a
hundred colonies. Physical disability makes
this necessary. Each morning the first thing
that is done is to scatter four or five catch-
ers over the yard. With each is placed a
notched lath that holds them up, so there
need be no delay in bringing them into in-
stant use.

All tall trees near the apiary are removed
and we take but little trouble to watch for
and catch the first swarm each day. With
the use of a bunch of bushes, on wliich I
now get all swarms to alight, I love to hive
in the old-fashioned way, indeed, if only one
swarm would come off at a time I would
ask nothing better than the bushes. When
a swarm has settled on a hush and another
starts, I can take the first away some distance
to a shady place and keep it for two or three
hours. With the catchers I can keep them
as long as I wish — two days if necessary.

The catchers are of great value in controll-
ing swarms tiiat often desert their hives.
After having work nicely started such

swarms always go at once to the woods with-
out alighting. Catch such and keep them in
the cellar for thirty-six hours, then rehive
them in the hive from whence they came
and they always remain.

I get many valuable uses from the catch-
ers besides those mentioned and I recom-
mend them as a great convenience in a bee
yard of many or few colonies. I have not a
farthing's interest in their manufacture or
sale.

Now as to Mr. Dibbern's attempted bur-
lesque upon catchers. I have no doubt that
every thing he says of his performance is
strictly true. With his catchers and hi:ii to
manage them it is all quite possible, but the
style of catcher and yard arrangement that
could make such a farce possible is to me a
mystery. I think Mr D. must furnish a
large factor in the show himself. I know a
man may represent such a degree of awk-
wardness as to make almost anything possi-
ble. His exhibition must have been very
amusing to the citizens of Milan ; in my
mind's eye I can see them collected in the
inviting shade of neighboring trees taking
in the circus : and 1 fancy I can hear them
cheer loudly when Mr. Dibbern makes a
specially brilliant run. Mr. D. says that
when he began to hive his bees, after one of
his rib-splitting entertainments, that " most
of his bees with tiieir queens would have re-
turned to hives from which they came," and
the next day he would have to repeat the per-
formance.

(J Dibbern, Dibbern ! thou that has stoned
the prophets, and tried to slay those that
tried to comfort thee ; how often would I
have sheltered thee as a hen gathers her
chickens under her wings, but ye would not.

Brother and sister bee-keepers, did you
ever know a swarm with its queen to volun-
tarily return to the hive from which it came?
What odd bees the Milan strain must be.
Mr. D. says he now has the self-hiver per-
fected but is not willing to yet give the
secret. I hope he has, and, if so, I will pay
a round sum for its use, but I have ever
doubted and still doubt that the self-hiver
will ever be made a practical success. But
few bee-keepers have tried so extensively as
I have, every contrivence of my own and
others, to regulate and control this swarm-
ing business in an easy way, and I am con-
strained to admit that the goal has not been
reached nor any advance made that is of any
practical value, and I advise struggling bee-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

189

keepers to hold tight to their pocket books
until they know what they are paying for.
FoBESTviLLE, Mion. June 29, 1894.

I!:"t^^>t^<r^

Swarm -Catchers Work Satisfactorily.

J. A. GOLDEN.

He who werts Miss Catclior doeth woll—

And 'tother fellow's welcome quite to tell
That he who weds her not doth better.

r^DITOR Re-
JZj view : When
reading your edi-
torial on page 16.S
of the June issue,
in regard to
swarm catchers,
thinks I to my-
self, W. Z. will
surely have some
o f the big bee
guns, who keep
bees by the hun-
dreds of colonies, and want to do all the work
of hiving them fhotiselres, rise up and say,
" your theory, Mr. Hutchinson, has not been
my experience ;" but, as your views of the
superiority of the swarm catcher over that of
the traps so nicely agree with ni)/ experience
along this line, I thought I would give a
word of consolation to the old bee-keepers
as well as the lady bee-keepers that do not
indulge in tree-climbing or like the straight-
ening out of swarms clustered together,
which so often occurs when the queen trap
is used, but prefer right down, unrulHed en-
joyment in swarming time.

In a well regulated apiary of, say from
fifty to one hundred colonies, I should use
the swarm catcher ; larger apiaries require
additional assistance. I know that some say
that swarm catchers are l)ig heavy concerns
and a nuisance, which is a positive " not so "
in our experience. I don't know how much
brother B. Taylor's catchers weigh, but I do
know ours weighs only from 2'^o to ?> pounds
and they are not clumsy to handle.

You have very wisely said in your editorial
that it is not necessary to stand around with
a swarm catcher in hand ready to jump and
ran, etc., etc. With properly arranged
catchers placed promiscuously in an apiary
of fifty colonies, one need not get on much
of a hustle to place catchers on from five to
eight hives should that many swarms all

start at the same time, and succeed in get-
ting a queen in each catcher.

Whether one-half or three-fourth of the
bees get out before the catcher is placed in
position or not, one can catch the queen, and
all her daughters will return and settle on
the wire screen of the catcher, when the
catcher can be set in the shade, the bees
sprinkled and cared for, thus the swarm
catcher has its superiority over the trap.

I purchased a right from Mr. H. Alley,
and manufactured and used quite a number
of the traps, using the Chicago zinc, and no
queen escaped, but the zinc proved a great
hindrance to the worker bees when storing
nectar and pollen, consequently, no traps
are used by us except to clean out useless
drones.

Now, Mr. Editor, as bees are very peculiar
animals, I shouldn't be surprised if we hear
conflicting experiences along this line, and
perhaps the self-hiver will be advocated as
the greatest of any device for the controlling
of swarms. Having never used one I can
say nothing for or against except that I sus-
pect a queen would slip through occasionally,
so, give us the swarm catcher now and all
the time, and there will be no doubling up
o'.' swarms nor ruffling of tempers.

Reineesville, Ohio. June 20, 1894.

The Best Size of Hives for use in Raising
Comb Honey.

G. M. DOOLTTTLE.

T SEE by the pa-
i pers of late
that the old ques-
tion of "size of
hives" is being
revived. Although
old, this is yet an
important subject
and one that the
thinking mind
will not put care-
lessly aside, for
in this question lies something that touches
the financial side of our pursuit to an extent
great enough to make it an object for us to
spend upon it some thought and experi-
ments.

When I first began to keep bees, like near-
ly every one else, I adopted the hive used by

190

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

those around me. This was the ten-frame
Langstroth hive. Soon after this I became
acquainted with the writings of Elisha
Gallup, who fltjured largely in the bee-keep-
ing literature of twenty-five years ago, and
after an experiment of two years, I changed
from the Langstroth to the Gallup hive, and
am still using the Gallup frame in my home
yard. Twenty-five years ago, Quinby,
Langstroth, Gallup, and nearly every one
else recommended a hive holding from 2,000
to 2, .^00 culiic inches, and supposing that
such size was the best for profit I made my
Gallup hives to hold twelve frames, this
giving about the same room there was in the
Quinby and Langstroth.

Of course it is to be understood that this
article is written from a comb honey stand-
point, for at the time I commenced keeping
bees and for some years after, the extractor
was unknown. Working for comb honey
and working for extracted honey, are two
different things, and it is a noticeable fact
that those who clamor most loudly for large
hives are among those who work for ex-
tracted honey more largely than for comb.
I never questioned the advisability of large
hives when working for extracted honey; but
after using the standard Gallup hives three
seasons exclusively for comb honey I began
to question their practicability for such
purpose, and will here tell the readers of th
Review how I decided upon the size of the
brood chamber which I have been using for
nearly twenty years.

After using the twelve frame Gallup hive
for two years, while looking over the bees
one spring, I noticed that nearly every hive
had from two to four combs of nice white
honey unused, and I kept watch of the mat-
ter to see if this honey was turned into
brood, and the brood from it became bees in
time to do work in the honey harvest, as I
cjnsidered that such changing of honey into
bees had much to do with the yield of comb
honey I would secure. A careful watching
showed that honey was not converted into
brood, but on the contrary more honey was
added to it during the season. This careful
w vtching also showed that the average queen
would not occupy more than 800 square
inches of comb with brood for any length of
time; hence I began to see that my twelve
Gallup frames gave me about (S.^O square
inches of comb to be occupied with honey
and pollen nearly all the time, as they gave
about 14r>0 scjuare inches of comb as a whole.

I especially noticed this fact, when hiving
new swarms on the whole twelve frames, for
they would not enter the sections to any
amount until all the brood frames were full,
when I had from 500 to GOO square inches of
comb filled with the nicest of white honey,
which would be from 2r> to :50 pounds. This
honey was just the honey I wanted in the
sections, but with these twelve-frame hives I
could not get it there, and must sell it as
chunk honey, if I sold it at all.

In talking with a bee-keeper one day on
this point he told me that this storing of
honey in the brood frames was just what he
wanted, as it insured the safe wintering of
the bees after a poor season, and we far bet-
ter have some extra honey in the hives than
occasinally lose our bees in winter for lack
of stores. After he had gone I fell to reason-
ing and I soon saw that if I held to the
twelve frame hives I was using, my bees
would be wintering on from 25 to 30 pounds
of the very choicest of honey, which should
go into the sections and be turned into cash,
and in case of a poor season the bees should
be looked after to see if they had honey
enough for winter and if not they could be
fed sugar syrup to make up the deficiency,
said syrup costing less than half what the
honey would bring when sold in the market.
Again, I found that where the bees com-
menced storing honey to any amount in the
brood nest, and especially is this true with
the Italians, that the tendency was for them
to keep storing there instead of going into
the sections, or boxes as we used and called
them then, the result of which was that when
fall came I had but little honey in the surplus
apartment, much honey in the body of
the hive and few bees for winter, ow-
ing to the honey in the brood combs
crowding out the brood which gave the bees
for winter. Seeing things as I believed in
their true light, I next began figuring what
size hive was best. The queen I found need-
ed 800 square inches of comb during the best
of her breeding, and as it was necessary that
some room be allowed for pollen and a little
honey for present uses, I supposed that one
fourth the room occupied by the queen would
be about right for this, so settled that 1,000
square inches of comb would be about right.
But as is was impossible to have a certain
number of frames figure out an even 1,000, I
took the number that gave me the nearest
that amount, which was nine. Eight gave
820 square inches, while nine gave 1,035.

■I'HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

191

Not to go too hasty I first made some dum-
mies and reduced the size of the brood
chamber with these, using about one-third
of the hives I had in use in the experiment.
When fall came I found that the hives thus
treated gave fully one-fourth more surplus
honey than did those still having the 12
frames, while nearly every hive had fully
honey enough for winter. The next year I
used dummies in three-fouiths of the hives I
had built, while the new ones built held but
nine frames. In striking an average that
fall I found that the few hives having twelve
frames gave only about two-thirds as much
surplus honey as did those having but nine,
so I hesitated no longer in deciding that nine
Gallup frames gave plenty of room for the
best results when working for comb honey.
As intimated above I arrived at this concln-
sion nearly twenty years ago and have seen
no reason for reversing the same during all
these years, in which time I have experi-
mented with hives holding all the way from
seven to sixteen of these frames. When I
first began with the small hives my main
fear was that the bees would generally lack
for stores for winter, but in this I have
been happily disappointed, for if my mem-
ory serves me right, three falls have been all
that the bees have been short of stores dur-
ing that time.

BoKODiNO, N. Y. .Tune 22, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

w. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor anil Proprietor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90; three for $2.70; tivo for $4.00; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is deHired to have the Review
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise it
will be continued

FL/fllT, MICHIGAN. JULY 10. 1894.

Persistent people begin their success
where others end in failure.

Expenses are sometimes profitable — sav-
ing is sometimes extravagance.

Combs that I do not expect to use this sea-
son have kept nicely hung an inch apart in
a dark cool cellar. They have not been fu-
migated, and I see no need of it.

The American Bee journal has added a
medical department.

«^ir»rf»<»^H«^

4(!4 Sections were filled with foundation
in one hour by Chas. Koeppen of this place,
he using the Woodcock fastener.

• '^^i^Jt*!!"**

W. C. Frazier says in Gleanings that a
cross between imported and golden stock is
undesirable; that the result is not so good as
either variety. It is what breeders term "too
violent " a cross.

Carniolans have done fairly well with me
this season in gathering honey. One colony
in particular has done as well as any in the
yard, and the combs are very neat and white
like those built by the black bees.

*«*««^«jr«»^»'^

A WET Sponoe is handy both for cleaning
sticky fingers and wiping daubs of honey
from implements; po writes Arthur C. Miller.
If you don't have a tool box in which to carry
it, try an oil cloth pocket (oiled muslin)
made and worn like the nail pockets car-
penters use.

Separators vs. no Separators receive
attention in Gleanings at the hands of Dr.
Miller and R. L. Taylor. I have used very
few separators, and in my locality and with
my management I see but little use for them.
Where the flow is short and abundant there
is less need of them than where it is slight
and long drawn out, or subject to frequent
interruptions.

Dadant's plan of preventing increase by
hiving a swarm for 48 hours in a box or hive
placed by the side of the parent colony and
then returning the swarm to the hive from
whence it came, did not prove a success
with Mr. C. H. Murray of Elkhart, Ind. Ten
days afterwards the colony swarmed again.
I am not sure as to the length of time that
Mr. Dadant expects a colony thus treated to
refrain from swarming; whether it is a week
or ten days or for the whole season.

The North American Bee-keepers ' Asso-
ciation will hold its next annual meeting
October IG, 17 and 18, in St. Joseph, Mis-
souri. Its efficient Secretary Mr. Frank
Benton is sending out some most excellent
printed matter in the shape of circulars
calling attention to the advantages of

192

THE BEE-KEEPERS' UEVIEW.

membership. The President, Mr. Emerson
T. Abbott, of St. Joseph, Mo., requests
that each one who expects to attend will
drop him a postal, as the knowledge will
help him in securing reduced rates.

Mk. .J. P. Needels, of Stanberry, Mo.,
wrote me a year ago that he thought his bees
were being killed by the spraying of fruit
trees. He now thinks that it was paralysis
that caused the trouble. He also thinks that
he can trace the malady to some queens that
he bought.

Queens are injured by taking them from
a full colony in the height of the laying sea
son. The sudden checking of the laying is
what does the mischief. At least, so con-
cludes Mr. Doolittle, and he came to this
conclusion after experimenting in the mat-
ter. The American Bee Journal contains
quite a long article from him on this sub-
ject. He criticises the opposite views of
Mrs. Atchley. If Mrs. A. has held opposite
views she must have changed them, as will
be seen by the perusal of the article of hers
that appeared last month in the Extracted
Department.

Bee Escapes and the motives that inspire
the bees to pass through them are handled in
a masterful manner by Mr. Dayton in this
month's Review. Seldom have I enjoyed
reading an article as I did his — so graphic,
philosohpical and reasonable. It is all clear
now why and how the bees get through the
Porter escape in such a short time when Mr.
R. C. Aikin had it all figured out that it
would be a physical impossibility. They do
not always go in single file, but " four
abreast and two deep " at the rate of " .^>00
per minute." The suggestion that the
escape should be located at that part of the
board where the bees will expect to find the
entrance needs thinking about; there may be
something in it.

Bee Paralysis cannot be cured in Texas
by the use of salt ; so writes L. B. Smith to
the American Bee Joxtrnal. Changing queens
was also a failure with him. Taking away
the combs and brood and allowing the bees
to build new combs cured them, but the
trouble is that they do not " stay cured."
He says that unless some remedy is discov-
ered, bee-keeping will soon be a thing of the

past in that part of the country (Lometa),
as two-thirds of the bees have died from
that cause in the last three years.

Making a good journal and getting a
paying list of subscribers are two distinct
accomplishments, as much so as the raising
of a good crop of honey and the selling of it
at a good price. Burton L. Sage's paper was
bright and newsy, yet it failed from lack of
support; and the publishers of the Canadian
Bee Journal say that they are putting more
money into their venture than it brings back.
The "hard times" and the poor honey
seasons have much to do with this state of
afifairs. But few bee-keepers can afford to
have more than one or two bee journals, and,
naturally, there is little inclination to lay
aside the old-time friend and adviser for
the new.

" Entrance Diagnosis " is something
that Mr. C. W. Dapton wrote about quite
charmingly some time ago in Gleanings.
There is more in this than some of us think.
A glance at the entrance of a hive will often
tell many things to an experiened eye. Be-
cause of this there is an advantage in having
all of the entrances face one way— they can
all be seen at a glance. I remember the
first year or two when my brother began
working with me in the apiary. If absent
a day or two, I would, from simply walking
through the yard and glancing at the en-
trances, ask perhaps half a dozen questions ;
such, for instance, as " Doesn't that
over at the end of the row need another case
of sections ? " and at first it was a puzzle to
brother as to how such conclusions could be
drawn without even opening a hive.

THE " strike " WILL COMPEL THE EDITOR TO
give up his PROPOSED VISIT TO

bee-keepers.

"The best laid plans of men and mice aft gang
aglee."— fit/ff/vs.

The type was all up for the first " form,"
and the paper ordered for printing the July
Review when the strike came, but the paper
didn't come for three long weeks. I had my
plans all made to start on my travels among
bee-keepers as soon as the .luly Review was
out, but now the Review is so far behind,
and the money saved to pay the expenses of
the trip lias from necessity been used to
meet bills that came due, the wherewith to

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

193

pay them having been expected frona the
queen trade which was practically killed by
by the strike, that I think the interests of
the Review will be better served if I stay at
hoDQe instead of borrowing money to go off
on a trip when the paper is a mouth behind.
Of course I do not abandon the hope of
eventually making a trip among bee-keeperr,
but the present lesson has so clearly shown
me the folly of telling what great things I
expect to do in the future that I shall make
no more promises, and if any have been led
to subscribe for the Review on account of
promises that I have not kept, or cannot
keep, they can have their money back if
they wish it.

ii>»^^»* • > »*»

Pboteotion and Stimulative feeding did
not prove profitable at the experimental
apiary this spring. I am not greatly sur-
prised. I remember remarking mentally
several times that I feared Mr. Taylor's
packing of bees this spring would not show
much profit. / didn't have any bees packed.
It is the first spring in a long time that I
have not practiced it more or less. It came
off warm unusally early, so early that I was
suspicious and continued in that state for
three weeks, and, finally, I took part of the
bees out of the cellar. Then it turned cool,
just cool enough so that the bees could not
fly but not enough to injure any of the weak-
er colonies. I was very busy and kept neg-
lecting the packing. In a short time it
warmed up and the rest of the bees were
taken out of the cellar, but -none of them
were packed. In a warm sunny spring I
doubt the advisability of packing. When
the outside temperature is higher than that
inside packing would only be an obstacle to
rapid breeding. But the trouble is that we
do not always know how soon the bright
balmy weather may change to snow and
frost. Mr, Taylor says truly that more than
one season is required to definitely decide.

WHAT DO YOU KEAD ?

Several times when I have been enjoying
an article in some magazine or paper I have
wondered how many of my subscribers were
enjoying the same pleasure. Let me tell you
what I read. First, of course, I read the bee
journals ; I read them as eagerly as I ever
did — yes, more so. I read the daily papers
and the leading magazines such as the Cen-
tury, Scribner''s, Harpev''s, Cosmopolitan,

Ladies' Home Journal, Munsey's, Outing,
McClure's, Lverland Monthly, and the
Youth's Companion. I have read the latter
for years, and probably enjoy it as much as
any paper I read. It is not simply a child's
paper, but contains something that is of in-
terest to everybody. I remember saying
when I was a boy that if I were going to be
an editor I should like to be editor of such a
paper as the Companion. I said I should be
proud to be editor of such a paper, and my
mother said, "Well you might be." Then
I glance through some of the leading agri-
cultural journals such as the Country Gen-
tleman, American Agricultxirist, Michigan
Farmer, etc. I also read a monthly journal
called Newspaperdom, and one called the
Writer, also Printers' Ink, and last but not
least, that prince of papers for a printer.
The Inland Printer. In all of this reading
I am all the time on the lookout for some
hint or kink that may be utilized in making
the Review more attractive typographically
and intellectually.

eXXRMCTED.

Smoke and how to use it.

It is not every one who knows how to
properly use a smoker in the apiary. I
think I use much less smoke than I did years
ago. I frequently open hives now with no
smoke at all, but it may be only fair to add
that it is only such hives as I know the dis-
position of the occupants. Mr. Pringle in
an article in the Practical Bee-Keeper has
the following to say on the subject: —

" But, given a good smoker and a good
smoke, I find that only a few know how to
use the smoke. They may know how to use
the smoker but not the smoke. The differ-
ent colonies of bees, like differing and differ-
ent pupils in school, require different treat-
ment. A gentle puff is amply sufficient for
some, a torrent of blasts for others. But
begin gently with all and only give such
doses as are required,"

Making Syrup Without Heat That Will Not
Sour or Crystallize.
The time for feeding bees will soon be
here. To be able to make a thick heavy
syrup that will positively never crystallize is
a most desirable accomplishment, Dr, J.
T. Beall has told in Gleaninys how this may
be done ; it is as follows : —

194

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEV^

"How and when to feed are questions
which I shall leave to those of larger and
riper experience to answer, while I shall at-
tempt to offer some suggestions upon that
other but not less important phase of the
question, What shall we feed ?

Sugar syrup seems to be the most avail-
able material for the purpose ; but there are
various objections to its use as ordinarily
prepared. I am satisfied that the mode of
preparation which I shall now attempt to de-
scribe (but for which I do not claim origin-
ality) will overcome many if not all of these
objections.

Procure a five-gallon tin can having a hon-
ey gate at the bottom. Punch three or four
very small holes, about equal distance apart,
one and a half inches from the top of the
can. For convenience we will call this can
the receiver. Now have another five-gallon
can made so that it will fit into the top of the
receiver about one inch. The bottom of this
can (which we will call the "percolator")
should be made in the shape of a funnel,
with a slightly tapering nozzle one inch long
and % inch in diameter at the outlet. Into
the nozzle of the funnel fit a cork having
several vertical grooves 1-lG inch deep cutin
its circumference. Now pack the funnel end
of the percolator with a good quality of cot-
ton [)reviously saturated with water, and
well squeezed out. A loose-fitting cover
completes the percolator.

Fill the percolator about two-thirds full of
granulated sugar, and then pour in cold
water until the can is about full. Soft water
is preferable. The first half-.gallou of syrup
which passes into the receiver should be re-
turned to the percolator, as it will be too
light. All that is necessary now is to keep
pouring in sugar and cold water occasionally,
and to draw off the syrup as it accumulates
in the receiver. Always keep enough sugar
in the percolator to cover the cotton to a
depth of about two inches. It is not neces-
sary to weigh the sugar nor measure the
water. Just keep up the supply of material,
and the apparatus, like the Kodak, ' does the
rest.'

Technically this is a saturated solution of
pure sugar. It is a clear, clean, transparent
liquid, having a specific gravity of 1.55f). It
is perfectly staple in any climate, will never
sour nor granulate. It is heavier than any
stable syrup that can be made by heat, and
it is never overdone nor underdone. The
heaviest syrup that can be made by heat (the
ofiicinal simple syrup of the U. S. Pharma-
copoeia) has a specific gravity of 1.317, and
is liable to ferment as well as to deposit
crystals.

The slight yellow tinge is due to the fact
that, as the syrup passes through the perco-
lator, the ultramarine (which is used by
sugar-refiners for substantially the same
reason that the laundress uses indigo) is left
behind, and will be found in the cotton
packing.

.Just how inimical this substance is to the
bee economy I am not prepared to say ; but
I feel safe in asserting that, as Jake Smith
would say, ' it don't do no pertickler good.'
I am convinced, however, that the most del-

eterious substances found in sugar syrup, as
usually made, are the result of faulty meth-
ods of manufacture.

This apparatus can be placed in any out-
of-the-way corner, and requires very little
attention after once 'getting the run of it.'
Unlike the old method of making syrup on
the kitchen stove, there are no fires to keep
up, no dauby, sticky utensils for the wife to
clean, no burned fingers, and no 'swear
words.'

The cotton, which should be of the best
quality, must be renewed occasionally ; but
one packing will be sufficient for at least
half a barrel of syrup. Although this syrup
comes drop by drop, the process goes on,
with unvarying regularity, 24 hours every
day ; and a few minutes' attention twice or
three times a day is all that is required. By
having the sugar-barrei and water-supply
convenient, and arranging a barrel or other
suitable receptacle under the honey-gate, the
labor is minimized to the last degree.

To any one who may be inclined to think
this process too slow I have only to say, try
it and prepare for a pleasant surprise. Last-
ly, this syrup is of such a consistency that it
is immediately available for use by the bees,
requiring no evaporation after being placed
in the cells.

Ontario, Ohio, Feb 8.

[We have never made syrup with a perco-
lator ; but as the doctor seems to be perfect-
ly familiar with the subject we have decided
to give it a test. The trouble of using heat,
boiling over, soiling stoves, etc., is enough
to warrant every one giving the plan a trial.
— Ed.I"

How to Make Swarms Cluster on a Bash.

Swarms often cluster in very inaccessible
places and it would be convenient to know
how to induce them to " uncluster " and then
''re-cluster" in a more desirable location.
In Farm, Stock and Home, Mr. B. Taylor
tells how this may be accomplished. He
says : —

" A bee-keeper writes that the swarms
cluster on his young fruit trees, tliat he is
greatly annoyed thereby, having to mutilate
the young trees by cutting the branches to
save the swarms, and asks for a remedy.

Our own apiary has always been surround-
ed with fruit and ornamental trees, and we
have in years past been greatly distressed by
having to cut and mutilate the trees and
knock off fruit in saving the swarms. We
now use swarm catchers and catch the bees
as they issue from the hive. This not only
saves the trees and fruit but saves a great
deal of hard work in carrying heavy ladders
and climbing trees. But without swarm
catchers there is a better way than to let the
swarm settle on the trees. We have men-
tioned this better way in previous years, but
will carefully describe it again, as it is with-
in the reach of every owner of a colony, and
if followed will save much loss and trouble.

Cut a quantity of bushes two or three feet
long (those with fine leaves and sprays are

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

195

best), have one a little longer than the rest,
with a good strong hook to hang it up by,
and around this central branch lay enough
of the shorter branches to make a compact
bunch as large as a small sheaf of grain.
With strong cord tie them tightly together
at the butts, leaving the hook out six inches
to handle it by. When the bees swarm, light
your smoker, and with the bunch of bushes
and smoker in hand wait until the swarm
has partly clustered — if all has clustered it
will do no harm. Now hold the swarming
bush close up against the bottom of the clus-
ter and give it a gentle jar ; if properly done
a large lot of bees will be left on the bush.
Hang this by the hook to a limb, or other
convenient place, in plain sight near by.
Now jar all the bees from where they had
clustered and with the smoker keep them
from settling there again ; in a few moments
they will all join the cluster on the bush, and
you can then unhook and carry them to any
place to be hived. Once on the bush the bees
will remain several hours if hung up in a
shady place.

I have found it the next best thing to the
swarm catcher for preventing two or more
swarms from clustering together. Take
each swarm, as soon as it is on the bush,
and hang it in the shade, far enough
away so the next swarm will not find it,
and all will be safe if hived in two or three
hours. I have had six swarms hidden in this
way at the same time. When many swarms
were coming, by having several little wells
dug in the ground, the size and depth of a
kerosene barrel, with a stick laid across the
top to hang the cluster by, they can be
kept for any time desired, even over night,
and be hived at convenience, by covering up
darkly. This can be done with several cloths
or by light boards, drawing a little fine earth
over to keep out light. If I had no swarm
catchers I should regard a half dozen of
these little wells to hide and keep swarms in
as indispensable. Of course to use them
you must have a like amount of swarming
bushes, so there may be one for each swarm.
These bushes when not in use must be kept
in a damp, shady place, and they will last
for weeks."

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

USE for propolis, don't you know? A
sufficient quantity of it melted into the
bottom of an old leaky wash-dish, or other
played out utensil, makes things lovely again
— provided you occasionally set it out in the
sun to heal up cracks that may ensue. And
in the dire domestic extremity of a leak in
thewash-boiler that will not be stopped, pro-
polis is just a " ministering angel." You see
it never really melts, and is heavier than

water any way, and so will remain at the bot-
tom. Put a generous piece of clean tin over
the place so the clothes can not get soiled.
In applying the stuff, heat the bottom
first, then rub all round and over the leaky
territory with a lump of the propolis. Our
case was a group of small holes scattered
over a space several inches in extent. And
we are so shiftless at our house that we are
going on from week to week leaning on this
temporary expedient. Take heed lest you do
so too.

Under the lead of Prof. Cook the bee- fruit
matter seems to be coming out greatly in
the bee's favor. What is to most of us a
quite unexpected find cuts a considerable
figure in the result. Very many varieties of
fruit will not accept their own pollen at all,
but must have pollen from some other tree
of some other variety, else no fruit what-
ever. And those varieties that will accept
their own pollen accept it with more or less
reluctance. Foreign pollen brought by bees
is always preferred — or, to put the thing in
technical shape, iwevotent. The California
experiments confirm those of Michigan.
Bees imprisoned under netting with the flow-
ers were seen to work on them — a thing I
should not have expected — and branches so
treated set fruit well, while branches covered
in the . same way, but with no bees inside
made a failure of it. Apples, however, were
not tested. An anomaly turned up as to the
apricots experimented on ; they seem not to
need bees or cross fertilization at all. The
general look of things at the present mo-
ment is that the stronger and more accepta-
ble the fertilization the better the fruit.
May no ill-omened bird flutter down to upset
that conclusion. See Gleanings 448.

Canadian Bee Journal.

A neat exterior with a dainty poem tacked
on to it ; an interior growing gradually bet-
ter from month to month ; an enterprise
that has just nicely caught the half-tone and
portrait breaking-out — what need hath the
Canadian of any long characterization at
this time and place i^ In the Canadian the
captions of the articles, with authors names
are inclosed in a square of border — and it
hath a Parliament instead of a question box.
But a Parliament with only two members,
as in the June number, (one of them a
" dead man " and the other a Yankee) rather
discounts the famous Rump Parliament of
the Puritans.

196

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

D. W. Heise found bees in elm hives damp
at mid winter, while those in similar hives
of pine were dry. 227. As more than a
hundred hives are made of pine to each one
of elm, this find is in line with the general
practice.

In trying to get an article from Capt.
Hetherington the Canadian got a long pri-
vate letter which serves the turn quite as
well as an article would — and thereby
"scoops" its cotemporaries. The letter
contains some striking sentences as below ;

" Experimenting on a large scale in former
years cost me more money than my business
could furnish. "

Pretty strong argument for experiment
stations. It is somewhat in the nature of
a surprise to be assured that the greatest of
eastern honey harvesters has even yet no
settled system of honey taking, but still
changes from year to year.

"I aim to change my queens one half each
season."

As most of us have backslidden into let-
ting the bees take care of that matter (lazi-
ness hath many awfully easy ways) perhaps
this line of the Captain's is the most timely
thing he has sent us from his retirement.

" I am now making over 150,000 sections for my
own use, and shall put full sized sheets in every
section. Shall use Van Deusen flat-bottomed
foundation 14 feet to the pound." Canadian,
227.

Bug in the ear of those of us who don't use
foundation at all, save the tiniest little bit
for a starter.

But when Mr. H. says he has had all the
conceit taken out of him, and never expects
to have any more, our faith wavers and
kicks a lofty bucket. A man without any
conceit in him ! Would not all the human
race want to go and gaze, and his house re-
semble Washington with all the Coxey
armies allowed to get there a-la-program ?

Friend Elwood, while vigorously kicking
the sleeping mad dog of sugar honey, gives
us this remarkable fact, if fact it is —

" Likewise cane sugar and gum arable have
the common formula C 12 H22 Oil. Canadian,
231.

Assuredly we should at times " look a lit-
tle out " for chemistry.

On page 227 Mrs. Atchley affirms her faith
in her son Willie's way of queen rearing
(shaving down cells and lifting the silken
cell bottom with tweezers) and thinks her
system a combined Doolittle- Alley- Atchley
way. But she don't raise queens on a stick.

She dips the cell bases extra solid, and pokes
them aslant right into the combs.

On page 224 Doolittle says that a drone
rearing colony, if as many as three drone
combs are used in it, will rarely furnish any
surplus — all goes down the throats of " ye
gentlemen." Years ago this fact puzzled
me a little, and made me think I had made
a poor choice for a drone mother.

The June number is lavishly pictorial, and
specially interesting on account of the por-
traits of the editor's family.

The Oxford Convention gives the five-
banded bees a very black eye. (Page 247.)
Yet on page 25.5 they find a defender in the
person of friend Wilkins the OUa Podrida
man. Same chap wants me to economize
the alphabet, and call this department Hasty
Pudding. Don't believe he cares anything
about the economy — any more than my
schoolmates did when they called me my
full name and more too, Emerson Eat'n
Hasty Pudd'n.

When a clipped queen and a little ball of
bees is found on the ground in the apiary
this is the way Doolittle manages the "kit-
tle " job of finding where she came from.
(248.) First wait till the bees have nearly
ceased flying at eve. Smoke a little. A poke
or two with a straw — pick up — queen in
cage— cage in pocket. Then a deluge of
smoke, making them all fly at once ; and as
they cannot find their mother they will go
home and /a?i in the entrance.

THE GENERAL ROUND - UP

Mrs. Atchley has 10 choice queens that
have been 20 times caged when at the max-
ium of laying, and they seem none the worse
for it. Pretty strong proof that a queen can
cast off eggs without harm to body or mind.
But this does not cover the case of a queen
immediately shipped when heavy with eggs.
A.B.J., 492.

Canada's Practical Bee-Keeper has become
a monthly " like other folks ;" and since
the change stems to be evoluting in other
respects — coming on quite hopefully — less of
long and weighty foreign translations, and
evident effort to get suitable corespondence
near home.

Here's the bee-keeping donkey as drawn by

.J. P. H. Brown.

" Sometimes the consignee (of an almost ex-
hausted queen) is not ready to introduce— lays it
asi<le for a time, but every now and then gives
the cage a violent shake to wee if there is any
life in it." A. B. J., 529.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

197

Friend Brown drops the plastic candies
for 3,000 miles or over, and uses solid candy
and a two-chamber water tin.

The vote on 8 frame versus 10, for comb
honey, as taken in A. B. J., 591, turned out
as follows : Total votes 26. For 8 frames,
12 ; For 10 frames or larger, 9 ; Took to the
woods, .'). Rather a better showing for 10
frames than I should have supposed could
have been made. The strength of the 8
frame theory lies in those poor locations
where with 10 frames one don't get any sur-
plus at all.

How to remove spots of beeswax from
clothing almost promised to stand as an un-
solved conundrum ; but is answered by J.
C. Knoll. A. B. J., 619. Hot flat and tissue
paper, moving a fresh surface of paper on
with every pressure of the iron till nearly all
the wax in sight has left the fabric and taken
to the paper. Probably the blank margin of
a newspaper would answer by giving each
pressure a little more time.

B. Taylor scored a partial failure in win-
tering last winter (that matchless house api-
ary "a little better " but nothing first pre-
mium) yet he is full of enthusiasm. Some
neglected box hives he bought in the fall
came through booming ; and he believes he
can imitate the condition of a neglected box
hive in October by " a little cheap, judicious
feeding." A. B. J., GnC<. Brudder Taylor
mebbe yo gets dar bimeby ; but dis darkey
don't 'low you to fetch it de fuss time trjin.

Most ashamed to confess that I have not
yet on trial Miss Wilson's style of veil. I
bought the elastic cord and pin promptly
enough ; but I was awfully busy (toothache
thrown in ) and the kind lady will never ap-
preciate what a globe-encircling task it is
for a bungling man to cord clear around a
veil. The method looks promising, and may
sweep the field yet. Put in an elastic cord
around the bottom of a veil, and of course in
the wearing it will crawl up and prove un-
satisfactory ; but just hook a safety pin over
the center front and pin it down so it can't
crawl up. Gleanings, 465.

Alley puts in that the best way to wear a
veil is to lay it down in some out-the-way
place, and forget where it is. Then one can
eat honey, wear glasses and pick his pro-
boscis all he chooses — and that ain't all ho
may have to pick.

" It is a pretty well settled law that nectar,
showy blossoms, and fragrance of bloom, are all
indications of the necessity of cross-pollination,
and are so many invitations to the nectar-loving

insects to come to th(i aid of the needy and wait-
ing blossoms. '■ Prof. (look. A. B. J., 662.

Mrs. Atchley is engaged in writing for A.
B. J. a serial for beginners, which is likely
when finished to add one to our standard
works. The style is familiar, yet not too
much so ; and even being too familiar is not
so bad as being too impersonal and stilted.
Of course a critic must reserve judgment
somewhat until later on, but judgment is
likely to be favorable.

She tells the novice to use sticks in trans-
ferring, because strings, clasps, thorns, etc.,
are not so sure every time. Her dividing is,
queen on the old stand, and sealed brood on
the new — just as it should be. And her fall
dividing of extracting colonies, the queen-
less halves supplied with cells reared for that
purpose, is a distinctly southern style of
rapid increase. Would take lots of sugar-
feeding sometimes, I reckon, even down
south ; but enthusiasts in a hurry for more
bees can stand that.

•' There are many patent hives and clap-traps
that work well with no bees in them." 556.

Look out for a newly transferred colony

lest it starve- —

"As transferring usually stimulates them to the
highest pitch * * and they soon consume
all the honey they have." 651.

Northern swarming time and harvest
usually come near together ; southern
swarming time usually comes long before
any large surplus. This gives great advan-
tages for dividing in the south. As to the
new colony in tutelage, she believes in cut-
ting out all but the two best looking cells,
and then watching out very sharp to destroy
the second when the first emerges.

On page 374 in Gleanings W. G. Hewes,
himself a Californian, stirs up the animals
at a great rate by saying things about the
California big yields — you can have a story
just as big as you have a mind to go for out
there. Some have wild methods of compu-
ting in the honey that run over the tank, or
the honey that they lost by not extracting
soon enough ; while some labor with the
mental befuddlement that says fourteen
tons in place of four tons. In case friend
Hewes is right it is very sad to think how
much more our California brethren will
have to wrench their consciences now before
they can get us down to a peaceful grade of
faith again. Getting mad about it, as some
seem a little inclined to do, won't help us a
particle. Say I get the legislature to lay a
tax of five cents a ton on honey, and see if

198

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

that won't fetch them to Gunter. Or would
the four ton man, cured of saying fourteen
tons, say four pounds f

Friend Taylor is to be commended for his
candor in not suppressing the record of that
wintering experiment given on page 156 June
Review. Six colonies were arranged in the
form of a vertical spout ; and the bees very
appropriately went up it. As he seems
puzzled I'll try my hand at explanation.
Bees in winter do not defend entrances
much. This trouble is greatly increased
when there is such an arrangement as inter-
mingles the air and scent of different hives.
For some reason the upper entrances seemed
nicest to these bees; and nearly all that
came out to tiy went in above, until the low-
er hives were practically deserted, and the
queens perished. Still the crowd of bees
above felt disgruntled in their minds ; and
some fine day when no one was looking they
all swarmed out, and left for parts unknown.
Must poke just a little fun at Ernest for
his green dandelion pollen. Gleanings, 424.
Dandelion pollen is a beautiful orange.

Dr. Miller hits it just right on those covers
built down with burr-comb honey. Jerk
them up and put them down again " quick-
er'n scat" Next day thfe honey will all be
taken out dry, and they can be removed
without any muss or daubing. Gleanings,
403.

Alack-a day ! they have a glucose now so
good (else so bad) that it cannot be detected
by taste alone. Evidently we shall have to
make our peace with the chemists, and get
them to defend us, even if they do chuck the
half of us into the penitentiary with the
rogues. Gleanings, 470.

RiOHAEDS, Lucas Co., Ohio, June 27, '94.

ADVERTISEMENTS

BIG DISCOUNT

on foundation and sec-
tions. Thin foundation
50 ots. per Hi ; brood 40
cts. No. 1 sections, $2.75

perM. Eveything cheap; price list free.

4-94-6t E. H. TRUMPBR, Bankers, Mich,

EE SUPPLIES!

I Send furfreecopyof II.I>lf»TU ATKl)
I CATALOGUE— describing everytliiiin
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Ad.lress
T. G. Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chicatfo.

Please mention the Review.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at tlie Review.

Your

ATTENTION,

PLEASE.

One untested queen in June $1.00

One " " .July to Sep., 75

Six " queens, in June,. 5.00

Six " " July to Sep., 4.00

One 2-frame Nucleus in June, 2.75

One 4-frame " " .. 4.00

All nuclei contain untested queens. Send for cir-
cular and sample of my 5-Bzk.n<ie<] B^Ziuties.

J. F. niCHAEL,

l-94-9t German, Darke Co. Ohio.

Please mention tlie Reuiem.

Apiary is now stocked entirely with
young laying queens of this year's
rearing. Some of them have been lay-
ing long enough so that they are tested.
I will sell the tested ones at $1.00 each,
or with Review one year for $1.75.
For !l;2.00 the

Queen

the Review and the book " Advanced
Bee Culture " will be sent. I am yet
receiving weekly shipments of young
laying queens from the best breeders
in the South. These untested queens
I will sell at

75 cts.

each, or with the Review one year for
$1.50. For $1.7.") I will send the Re-
view a year, one untestea queen, and
the book " Advanced Bee Culture."

W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

199

QUEEN5,

Either golden or leather color
ed ; as good as any and better
than many. Try one queen and
be convinced. Satisfaction is
guaranteed. Warranted queen,
$1(K); tested, 81.50; selected,
$2.50. Queens ready to ship
June Ist. JOS. ERWAY,
5-94-4t Havana, N. Y.

Please mention the Reoieut.

ByRelnrii Mail.

FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.

Bred for Business. Beauty
and Gentleness. Untested in June.$l 00; July
to October 75c each; 6 for $1.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular to

THEODORE BENDER,

6 94 tt

Canton, Ohio.

GOLDEN ITALIANS.

If you want bees that are large, beautiful,
very gentle and great honey gatherers, try my
Golden Italians. They are pronounced very
tine by W. Z. Hutcliinson and many others.
Satisfaction guaranteed. One untested queen,
80 cts., three for $2.00. One warranted queen,
»1 00, three for $3.."i0. Tested queens, $1.50 each.
Selected, tested queens, $2.00 each. 3-94-tf

C. M. HICKS, Hicksville, Wash. Co., Md.

Please mention the Review.

GOLDEN

ITALIAN

QUEENS.

Reared by the Doolittle method, at 75 cents each
for untested queens. Breeding queens, the very
best. $4 00 each. Nuclei, $1 u(i per frame. Full
colonies of Italians, $6.00 each. Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Send for price list. F. A. CROWEUL,
8-94-tf Granger, Fill. Co., Minn.

{Money Order Ojfic=>, Cresco, Iowa )

^ Out on the Prairie, I

Away from other varieties of bees, I rear
Italian queens that cannot be excelled
for Beauty, Gentleness, and Business
Qualities ; and I offer them for April
delivery at the following prices : —

One Untested Queen, 65 cents ; three
for $1.75; six for $3.2,"). Tested, $1.25;
select, tested breeder, yellow to the tip,
$1.50. Virgins. 25 cts. each. 3-94-tf

G E. DAWSON, Carlisle, Ark.

i Names of Bee - Keepers, i

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

isi m

BBBBBBBClBEEBBElBBEiBiEEBiBBBBE

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own* state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. \V. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more

completely than any other published, send $l.'i0

to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by C. W.
Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents oar

Combined Circular and

Scroll Saw, which is the

best machine made for

Bee Keepers' nse in the

construction of their hives,

sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 et

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR 0.\T.\LOGDE, PRIOKS, ETC.,

Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

Ptense mention the Review

200

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

If yon are not using the

New Heddon Hive

It may seem iucredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results with considerable less
labor and much more comfort than with other
styles of hives, but a fair and impartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as set forth in my circu-
lar, will show tliat this statement is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for the asking.
11-93-tf A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

Muth'sZ'

Y EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Blast Smok rs
S^u&re 6IZVSS Hooey ^zirj, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
('or. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O.
Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers.

1-94-tf. PleaSK lif'ntion the Reuiem,

NEW YORK CITY

Is the center of more R. R. and Ex. Co's, than
any other place in the country. That means low
transportation chaises. Combined with this the
fact tliat our prices are low and supplies first-
class, shows a reason WHY you should send for
our circular.

1. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place, 1-94-12 New York, N. Y.

THE ODELL

TYPE WRITER.

$20

willbuytheODELL TYPEWRITER
and CHECK PERFORATOR, with

TSCharacteis, and SI5 for the SINGLE CASE
ODELL, warranted to do better work than
any machine made.

It combines Simplicity with Durability, Speed,
Easy of Operation, wears longer without cost of
repairs than any other machine. Has no ink
ribbon to bother the operator. It is Neat, Sub-
stantial, nickel plated, perfect and adapted to
all kinds of type writing. Like a printing press,
it produces sharp, clean, leaible, manuscripts.
Two to ten copies can be made at one writing.
Any intelligent person can become a good opera-
tor in two days. We ofifer $l,0OO to any
operator who can equal the work of the Double
Case Odell.

Reliable Agents and Salesmen wanted. Special
Inducements to Dealers.

For Pamphlet giving Indorsements, &c., ad-

"OOHLL TYRE WRITER CO..

5-9-i-3t 358 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

PIffaf"'' mention *he Reuieu/.

Oil Cooking -Stove for Sale.

Last summer we changed about the internal
arrangements of our house, and the wood -stove
is now in a room by itself, hence we shall not be
annoyed by its lieat and will so seldom use our
oil stove that we liave decided to offer the latter
for sale. It is of the Monitor inake, the best of
any with which I am acquainted, is perfectly
safe, much more so than an ordinary lamp, which
cannot be said of the use of gasoline. The reser-
voir is back away from the burners, of which
there are four, and the same number of griddles.
Anything that can be done with an ordinary
gasoline stove can be done with this one, while
at the same time there is perfect safety. Tin;
whole outfit, including an oven, cost $22.00, but
it will be sold for only $10.(0, and it is practi
cally as good as new. Descriptive circulars will
be sent upon application, or any inquiries cheei-
fully answered, W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

Flint, Mich.

ON HAND NOW,

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES. SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

194-12t. RIVER FALLS. WIS.

Tbe Practical Bee - Keeper

Possesses brightness, reliability, honesty, purity
of tone, circulation, and the confidence of its
readers. In addition it is PRACTICAL from
cover to cover. Published monthly, .^O cents per
annum. Sample copy on application. The
Pkaotioal for one year and one genuine Five-
Banded (jolden Italian Queen for $1.00.

THE PRACTICAL BEE-KEEPER,

Tillbury Center, Ontario, Can.

rflTHPM UNTESTED QUEENS, raised fpom
yWUUiliNi Doolittle's besi by Doolittle method,
•5") cts eacii. For breeders the very 6esf$15'.
These (lupens are all very yellow— most of them
YELLOW AS GOLD Fine tested from im-
ported Italian mother, $1 Oii. Safe delivery.
Money order office, Decatur.

CLEVELAND BROS.,
.i-9-l-tf Stamper, Newton Co., Mi.ss.

^ »/iU«'«»* »«)"*.»»«» " tfi'm.'ltF^ •*^»,»'« •■» •

■ ■»»»» »)i»"ii^^»;f

\ SECTIONS CHEAP. \

' Until sold, we will sell the sections listed ■

» below, in quantities of 500 or more, at $1,50 J

« per thousand for creams, and $1.(K) per one J

5 thousand for No. 2s; all tVi x 4^. J

; 41,000, 2-inch creams. i

i 47.000, 1 ^4 inch creams. 't

5 116.000, fa -inch creams. t

5 134.0OO. 7-to-the-ft creams. i

} •J7,(H)t), 2 - inch No. 2*8 t

5 91,(100, 1 i5-16in. No. 2'8. |

i 20,000, 1,'8-inch No. 2.s. 5

5 87,< 00, 1 13-16 in. No. 2's. i

i 2.53,000, 7-to-the-ft No. ^'b S

i PJ^GE & KEITH, Hew London, Wis. 5

» 4-94-t). Please mention the Reuiem. 1

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

201

EE - KEEPEf^S,

Send for free catalogue of 70 pages, describing
Everything Used in the Apiapy.

est Goods at Liomest Prices, ^^^l^^.'^^i^^

\tchinson, Kan., St. Paul, Minn., Des Moines, Dubuque, and Cednr Rapide, Iowa, and other

^'''''' 4-94.4t E. I^f^ETCHlVIEH, f^ed Oak, louua.

'AUGHTERS of one of Doolittle's best,
5 - banded breeders mated to selected
drones from .Jennie Atehley's .5 - banded
strain, untested, 60 ets; tested, 90 cts. ;

■xtra yellow. Sl.^.'i.

i-94-tf L. H. ROBEY, Worthingtou, \V. Va.

FR££ : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-12t

N. A, KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

Gow2in Honey Extrzictorj

And REE ESCAPES will l^e sold at COST
for the next sixty days Send 15 cents for a
Boo Escape by mail.

WM. H. BRIGHT,
1.94. l->t Mazeppa. Minn.

— If you are going to —

BIJY a BtIZZ - SAVSr,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

GOLDEN iTHUN QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1894. For
tlie price, we have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1.50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-9412t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Reuiew.

Bee-Keepers : Send us your P O. address and
we will send you free a .sample of

A NEW WRAPPER

that takes the place of glas^s on honey sections.

It is attractive and ■ light-looking, and con-
sumers do not tliink about paying for the weight
as they do with glass.

The cost is only about five cents pound, and
pays you double and triple cost in weight
when you sell your honey. Tlie greatest i>rotec-
tion in shipping lioney, as it is so constructed
that it keeps the sections from sticking fast to
the bottom of the ca^e, and from honey leaking
as it commonly does. 7-94 2t

H. R. WRIGHT, Albany, New York.

If You Want Bees

That will just "roU" in the honey, try
MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS, the result
of fifteen year's careful breeding.

Dr. H. B. Lung, Lexington, Ky . says: "I have
had the pleasure of seeing manj fine strains
of bees, yet I have nevek seen such industri-
ous, energetic bees~-a grand triumph in breed-
ing. 1 must extend my admiration for your
success as a bee propagat'r."

Warranted queens, 80 cts each ; three for$2 00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

Reference: A. 1. Root, Medina, Ohio, who
has purchased of me 666 queens.

•J. P. MOORE,
6.94.tf Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

Pleaa- ne....on ihe Reiiiem.

KNOCK DOWN I

Yes, I have a large stock of D. T. Hives,

Supers, Frames, Sections, etc., all in the "knock

down," and ready to ship at a moment's notice.

Write at once for large catalogue and price

list of everything needed in the apiary.

£. L. KINCAID,

3-94-tf

Walker, Vernon Co., Mo.

UNTESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS,

From the best of imported, and golden stock,
60 cts. each ; $6.00 per doz. Warranted queens,
80 cts. each. Tested queens, jil.OO each, Safe
arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

4 94. tf

W. K. SHAW & CO.,

Loreauville, La.

Our Kgw Style Frame

Gives better satisfaction than anything we have
gotten out for several seasons. Our THIN
WALLED HIVE is the BEST and CHEAPEST
on the market. With our OUTSIDE WINTER
CASE it makes the best OUT DOOR WINTER
HIVE, and the cheapest. We are the ORIGIN-
AL makers of POLISHED SECTIONS, and our
goods are acknowledged to be the best, and
cheap as any.

Illustrated Catalogue and copy of the AMER-
ICAN BEE KEEPER free on application.

THE W. T. FALCONER M'F'G. CO.,

Jamc-stcwn, N. If.

202

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

was awarded World's Fair medal. Dealers and others, write for samples and prices.
The finest polished Sections and Dovetailed Hives in any quantity. Large, Illustra-
ted Price List of everything needed in the apiary sent free; it also contains a large
amount of information. Address M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. 4-94-4fc

€)

Headless Qixzzns.

I only mean that in my yard all queens be-
come "headless" unless their bees prove to be
gentle, beautiful and great honey gatherers. I
have both the three and five-banded varieties,
bred in separate yards, twelve miles apart.
Warranted queens only 60 cts. each; tested, 90
cts. Strong, two-frame nuclei. $1 90 each.
Three- ramo, $2.35; tour-frame, $2.!^0. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.
1-!M 12t. J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.

HARDY

Business ?.-;' Queens.

Bee-keepers of the North, we can furnish
you NOW with hardy bred queens of either
the 5 banded golden italians, or gray Car-
niolans Our prices are very reasonable.
Send for them before placing your orders.
Satisfaction guaranteed. A complete de-
scription and price list free. 6-94 tf
F. A. LOCKHART & CO,, LAKE GeorG', N. Y.

Please mention the Review.

mm QUEENS from TEXAS,

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAUTY AND GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— March, April and May-
Si 00 each. 150 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders, ffil.50 each. Order early. Send for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,

4-94-6t Boxy. LiMiON.TEX.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOK, 1894.

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H, IJKOVVN,
1-88-tf. Augrusta, Georgia.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOFt TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf S^f d for illustrated Catalogue

HUSTLERS !

Read what one of the largest bee-keepers of
this country SRys. ''The queens (two doz.) came
promptly. Tliey are an extra fine lot. The bees
are finely marked, gentle, and HUSTLERS
when it comes to honey. I have no trouble in
picking them out now from i>ver Gi^O colonies."
W. L. ('OGGSH.\L,L, West Groton. N. Y.. October
17, 18 3.

Prices for queens bred for lousiness from the
above strain, 5-BANDED. are in May. $1.00; after
May, 75 cents ; ]^ dozen in May or June, $4.00 ;
doz. $7.50; July and later, six for f3.,50; doz,
$6.50. Single queens WARRANTED purely ma-
ted. I Guarantee all queens to arrive safely and
to be GOOD RELIABLE queens Send for free
circular. Draw M. O. on. and address

J. B. CASE, Port Orange,

11-93 tf Vol. Co., Florida.

TH€ l»OL 8£€ rOUH» Id LiiST !

A Superior 5tr&in of Goltlerj It&^Ii&ns

The result of thirteen years' careful br oding iind solrction. Tliey rro perlle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter tiic seciioiis readily, cap their lioncy the whitest,
are not inclined to swar.n. and are second to none in bonuly. : a s.rain of bt cs that,
by practical test, has excelled all conip'-titors in stciriiiir Imnoy. Price of yuiaig
queens, warranteil purely mated, ill .\prii and Ma-, $1.25 rach ; six for »t).00 In
June. $1.00 eacli; six for $5.00 From July to Nov.. tfl.O" e.icli or six for $4.;i(i.
The price of tested (lueens, bees by the pound, iiiH-Jei and full coloni»s given upon
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or nioi cy re niided

SECTIOAI5, $2.00 per 1,000. Lovetailed Hives at bottom pries. For full "-"^^sB

particulars, send i or descriptive catalogue. 1-94-tf

C. D. DUVALL, Speaoerville, Mont. Co.. Maryland.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

203

JiKCTJC

:^i

QUC€K& ;

Extremely hardy ; fine color and their workers
very energetic. I call them arctic, as I am loca-
ted the farthest north of any queen breeder in
tlie U. S. Fourteen years experience in queen
rearing Untested queens, $1.00 ; tested, $1.50.

W. H- NORTON. Skocuhegan, JVle.

GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN

SECTIONS.

Our white poplar and basswood sections
will surely please you. Eight - to - the - foot
poplar, seven - to - the - foot and 1 'a basswood,
all 4*4 X 414 inches square. Prices of either kind:
500, $1.50; 1,000, $3.00; 2.1HX) $5.73; 3,000, $8.30;
4,000, $10.80 ; 5,000, $13.25. Samples free.

0. H. TOWNSEND,

2-94-tf

Alamo, Kal. Co., Mich.

Please mention the Reuieui.

Illnstraied Advertlsefflents Attract Attention.

Cats FnrnlsW for all ilinstratlng Purposes.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on
the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING tIRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. pOt^flCROOK & CO.,

Jan. 1st, 1894. Watertown, Wis.

Home^f^ade,

FOOT - FOWEK,

BUZZ-SAW.

I have for sale a home-made, foot-power buzz-
saw made by my brother. The frame work and
table are well and substantially made, the main
shaft and baml wheel are of iron, and the man-
drel one of Root's $3 50 mandrels, with a seven
inch saw. Altliough the machine has been used
a year or two it is in perfect order, and is probably
as desirable in all respects as any foot-power
saw made. It is offered for $18.0(i.

W, Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. COLWIOK, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 1893 ) for $1.25. Untested
queens in April or May at $1.00 each or $9.00 per
dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be shipped when wanted.
2-94-tf J. N. COLWICK. Norse, Texas.

Please mention the Reuieuj.

GOLOEN • ITALIfli • OU[ENS,

The best of untested, five - banded Italian
queens at 75 cts each : three for $2.00 ; i/4 dozen,
$4.00. Untested queens from imported stock
at the same price. 3-94-tf

W. A. COMPTON, Lpville, Teiiii.

Please mention the Reu'iew.

Giveo Aw2iy,

Oar new catalogue of Bees and Bee-Keepers'
Supplies to any sending their address. It con-
tains the latest prices on HlVE5j CRATEJj
SECTIONS, POUiSDATIOiH, and the new

Stirer FEEDER, one of the best feeders in
the market —just the thing for spring feeding.

OLIVER HOOVER 6- CO.,

4-94-tf Riverside, Pa.

r^ r^ r". QIIPPI IFQ Such as Hives Sections, Founda-

k^ Lb L-i >.^v-» I r l-i t.o TiON, Extractors, and Everything

I J I I Else Used by a Bee- keeper. Also Clover Seed, Buck-

mmm^ *mm hi» WHEAT. BEES andQUEENS. Large Wholesale and Retail

CATALOGFREE^ i.Me.sE sroc^K.^^^ JQ3 NYSEWANDER, Des Moines, Iowa.

204

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DAD ANT'S FOIJ N D ATION

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, IIIS.

71 .^^^.^^ 4 -94-121 Please mention the Reuiei

W.R. STIRLING,

MANDFACTUHER OF

Ttie Model Bee - Hiyc,

Frames, Sections, Feeders,
Smokers, Extractorp. Honey
dans. Shipping Cases, Bee
Veils, etc., also breeder of

Italian Queensi

4-i)4-4t Send for price list to

Rondeau, Box 9, Ontario, Canada,

5 band, $2,

Y Queen 8 rank with the best in
the world. I rear none ex-
cept the best Italians bred for
business, beauty and all good
qualities. I strive to excel, and
have shipped to every State and
to foreign countries, and if I have
a dissatisfied customer, 'I don't
know it. A large number of
queens on hand. Breeders. 4 and
00; straight 5 baud, $3.00. Untested,
W. H. LAWS.
Lavaca, Ark.

l.UO. Reference. A.I. Koot.
2-94-tf

ntion the Review.

BINGHAM PEUFECT

BEE SMOKER

Pat'd 1878. 1882, & 1892.

Cheapest A Best on Earth.

Send Card for Circular to

Bingluiiii (fc Hetherington

JLBBOSriA, MICH.

Please mention tfie Rp.uiew,

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, .Accu-
rate and ('heap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 S4.12t Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention the Reuieu.

ALL BEE-KEEPERS

"Want EL Oooci Bee Smolter*.

The Higginsville Smoker is designed to supply
this want at a reasonable price.

The Higginsville Smoker is a "daisy," has a o
inch fire box, a hiuged curved nuzzle that will turn
back out of the way while loading, and has a bar
of folded tin running horizontally with the fire box
to keep the hand from coming in contact with the
hot fire box.

We claim the following points for this smoker :
Cheapness, Excellence, Strong blast. Heavy vol-
ume of smoke and no burnt fingers.

Price, 60c. each ; 6 for $3.00 : $£.00 per doz.

20 cents extra by mail Special prices to dealers.
If you will send us ^our name plainly writen on
a postal card we will mail you our catalogue of Bee-
Keepers' supplies, also a copy of the Progressive Bee
Keeper, a journal devoted to Bees and Honey.
Address :

LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo.

AUG., 1894.

r\t, Micl^igaq, — (

Year.

206

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

flDVEt^TISIflG f^ATES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 80 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing liist.

1 will send the Review with —

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal. . . .( l.Od)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)... .

Bee Keepers' Guide ( .50)

Apiculturist ( .75)

Bee-Keepers' Enterprise . . ( .50)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 1.30.
. 1.40.
. 1.65.
. 1.40.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for .grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to cohn-, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
" No. 1 dark,"' etc.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as foUows :
No. 1 white, 15 to 16; No. 1 amber, 14 to 15; No. 1
dark, 9 to 12 ; white extracted, 6 ; amber, 5 ; dark,
4. Beeswax, 20 to 35.

July 9.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,
521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

■ MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. ,- The demand for
honey is very light and higher prices are not
expected. It is probable that miscellaneous
shipments will be sold by some commission men
below our (juotations which are as follows :
Fancy wiiite, 18; No. 1 white, 15 to 16; fancy
amber, 14; No, 1 amber. 10; fancy dark, 8;
white extracted, 6 to 7 ; amber, 5 to 5><i ; bees
wax, unsalable.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Aug. 15.

CHICAGO. 111. —Comb honey will be of active
sale this fall and we advise early consignments
of the best grades of comb We expect fancy
white to bring 16 cts. Extracted is selling at 5
to 6 cts. Correspondence solicited.

July 17, S. T. FISH & Co.,

189 So. Water St., Chicago, lU.

CHICAGO, 111.— The new crop of honey is
coming forward and we have had some very
nice lots that have sold at 15 and 16 cts. ; ex-
tracted also selling at 5 to 7 cts,, according to
quality and kind. Beeswax, 25 cts.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Aug. 14. 16.3 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— Small amount of honey on
hand and trade is slow, mostly for off grades
that bring from 7 to 10 cts. We ciuote as follows:
Fancy white, 13 to 14; No. 1 white, 12 to \tVi\
fancy dark, 8 to 9 ; No. 1 dark, 7 to 8 ; beeswax,
25 to 30. cts.

BATTERSON & CO.,
167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

June 5.

CHICAGO Ill.-The market is dull and we
look for no change for the better before the mid-
dle or last of August. We have disposed of a
little new stock, bat there is comparatively no
inciuiry. We predict good business and fair
prices when the season does open.

J. A. LAMON.

July 31. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

NEW YORK, N. Y.-The market on extracted
remains quiet. There is some demand for the
new crop of comb but prices are not yet estab-
lished. Beeswax is dull and slowly declining.
We quote as follows : White extracted, 6 to 6}/o ;
amber, 5 to SJ^ ; dark, 50 to 55 cts. a gallon ;
beeswax, 27.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Aug. 15 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

I AM keeping a lot of queens according to the
plan described by Mrs. Atchley in the last
Review, and arj well pleased witli it. Unless
orders are unusually large, it enables me to fill
them by return mail, W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mich.

Texas Reared
Golden Italian Queens

BRED for BUSINESS and BEAUTY. March,
April and May, Untested, $1.00: Tested, $1.50.
After, Untested, 75c. ; Tested, $1.00. Remit by
P. O. Money Order, or Registered Letter. Price
List Free. W H. WHITE,

5.94.tf Deport, Lamar Co,, Tex.

Please mention the Review,

— If you wish the best, low-xiriced —

TYRE - WRITER,

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
OdoU, taken in payment for advertising, and he
wocdd be pleased to send ilescrii)tive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy
ing sach a machine.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

207

'®)

FEEDIDG SACK

:©

Honey to secure the completion of unfinished sections can
be made very profitable if rig-htly manag^ed during- the hot
weather of July and Aug-ust. In "Advanced Bee Cul-
ture" may be found complete instructions reg-arding the
selection and preparation of colonies, preparation of the
feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping
of the combs, time for removing the honev, and how to
manage if a few sections in a case are not quite complete ;
in short; all of the '"kinks" that have been learned from
years of experience and the "feeding- back" of tons of honey.
Price of the book, 5U cts.; the Review one year and the
book for SI. 25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

:©

Your

ATTENTION, Muth'STJ

PL-EASE.

Onp untpsted queen in June, $1.00

One " " July to Sep., 75

Six ■' queens, in Jiiue, . 5 00

Six " " July t(. Sep., 4.00

One 2-frHme Nucleus in June, 2.75

One 4 frame " " 4.00

All nuclei contain untested qaeens. Hend for cir-
cular and sample of my 5-B&n<le<J B^ziuties.

EY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
Blast Smok rs
S<iua.re 6lzvss Hopey J^rs, Etc.

For Ciiculars, apply to ("has. F. .Muth & Son
('or. Freeman fc Central Avcs.. Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Boo Keepers.

l-94-tf. Plenx,- Nl nt.on t^-e «■• p/»-. .

J. F. A\ICHAEL»

l-94-9t Germa . Darke Co. Ohio.

Pleit.'if iiiL-ntion the Reuww.

EE SUPPLIES!

, Send for free cop V of 11,1., VSTRATED
I CATALOOXJE— describing evervthinK
useful to a BEE-K.EKPER. Address
T. G. Xew^man, 147 So. Western Ave., Chicago.

L Please Cut Out

riiis Avliole Advt.
iSIgn, and IVIail.

^^ Please send me
ihe Aiiierii an Bee .ronnial
each week for Three
Months. At the end
of that time I will re-
mit $1.00 fori year's
subscription, or 25c.
in case I decide to
d-scontinue.

To the PiiMlNlims of JmrUM BcC Joiirilill,

56 Kifth Avenue, CHICAGO, II.I..

Xame

P. O.

suite

208

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

th:e3.

Root Dovetailed diaff Hive,

IT IS NEIT, LI&HT, WELL DESIGNED,

AND A

PERFECT WINTERIMG HIVE.

The walls, both outer and inner, are mide of clear i'sinch pine, and have two inches of space
between them for packing. The corners are. ot course, dovetailed for strength and lightnese. The
cover is seven inches deep, and telescopes clear over the water-table, making it impossible for
water to saep in and wet the cus'iion. In summer this cover makes a perfect " umbrella shade-
board." The furniture, including supers and covers for the rogulai single-walled Dovetailed
Hive, also fits the hive. For a hive for AIjL PURPOSES we know of nothing better. It
weighs, wlifn packed with chaff, only five pounds more than the same capacity in the single wall.
As to WINTERING , we have tested this hive thoroughly, and know it to be a success. By
the way, don't forget that we have a

]Do"ve"ta.ileci ^W"irLter Oa,se

Designed for use as a protection in wintering, for the regular single-walled Dovetailed Hive. It is
made up of the same cover as shown above, and the same outside wall. Write for prices and par-
■• iculars on both the winter case and Dovetailed Chaff Hive before you place your order.
A 52-page Catalog sent free.

A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

Special Offep.

In order to introduce our five-banded, golden,
and three • bandejl, leather colored bees in your
locality, we will sell queens at the following
prices: untested, 60 cts. ; warranted, 7.5 cts. ;
tested, $1.00; select. $2.00; the very best breed-
ing queen, $6.00 We have two, large (lueen-
rearing yards containing nearly .500 nuclei.

;H-94-tf

FoPt Jennings, Ohio.

Please mention the .feuiew.

P/ITENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Thill, Flat - Bottom Foiuidatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.
Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DKUSKN & SONS,

(SOLE MANUFA0TUHER8),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co., NY

Plon^f mention li.e Heuiew.

75 Golden, S-Banded Queens

All ready to mail, at 60 cts. each. Over 1,500
sold up to date and customers well pleased.
Only one queen lost in shipping S 91- It

N.H. SMITH, Tilljiiry Center, Out, CaaSa.

Please mention the Reuii

Produce Big Yellow Bees that Winter Out-
Doors, (rathT Lots of Honey, and are Gentle.
Warranted Purely Mated, each SI. 00; six for
$5.00; \i for $8.0 . They are Beauties! Safe
arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. 3 94-tf

In ordering be sure and mention the Review.

E. F- QUIGUeY, UnionviUc, ]VIo.

MONEY RETURNED

to all buying PORTER BEE ESCAPES

not satisfied after testing them. Proniinent
l)ee-ke(>iH'rs every whei'e use and lii'j:hly iccomtni'iid tlicin as the best. No others received a
World's I'^'aii' award. Testinionirils, etc.. ivvv. Prices: Kacli, postpaid witli diicctions. 'Xi cts.;
per doz., $3.3!>. Order from your dealer, or the mnfrs.. R.&, E. C. PORTER, I.EWISTOWN, ILL.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tlqe Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR,
W. Z. HDTCHIMSOM, Editor anil Proprietor,

VOL, VII

FLiNT, MICHIGAN, AUG, 10. 1894.

NO. 8

Work at IVIicliigaii's

Experimental

Apiary.

K. L. TAyLOK, APIABIST.

EXPERIMENT,S IN PACKING, SPRING FEEDING,

ETC., ETC.

HEREWITH is
presented a
table in contiii-
uation and prolj-
ably in conclu-
pion for the sea-
son, of experi-
ments instituted
to determine if
possible the ad-
vantages or dis-
advantages of
stimulative feed-
ing and spring protection, showing results
obtained up to the end of the clover and
basswood season. It is hardly necessary to
say that the table should be studied in con-
nection with the one in the July number of
the Review. A correction is also to be made
in that table in the case of number 6 of the
unpacked one-story hives ; its history should
run : .5 2i) 5 + 283^ insteads of 4 — 25
4+ 25% as now.

The season has been exceedingly unpro-
pitions for almost all kinds of experiments.
White clover furnished very little pasturage
for the bees ; there was sufficent alsike clo-

ver in the neighborhood to yield a small
amount of surplus, but it came in so slowly
that the bees were disposed to store it in the
brood combs rather than to draw out foun-
dation in the surplus apartments. This state
of things made it appear desirable to give a
hive of combs for a greater or less time to
a considerable number of the colonies under
consideration in order to prevent the over-
loading of the brood chambers. The first
column ia the table, or at least the one fol-
lowing the one in which the age of the queen
is given, indicates the colonies to which the
hives of combs were given and the amount
of honey stored in them. After the alsike
came l)asswood from which the flow though
light was the best of the season. The result
is l.hat this experiment is in some degree un-
satisfactory in that it has not been attended
by a good averatre season for honey produc-
tion and yet in addition to the light it gives
on the advantages and di-<advaiuages of
spring feeding and protection which appears
satisfactory, it gives hints both in regard to
the right methods to be pursued touching
the solution of several important disputed
matters as well as in regard to the real truth
concerning them.

Especially I would call the attention of
tiiose who are in a state of doubt with regard
to the most advantageous size of brood
chambers to the figures in the table for the
means of making a comparison between
hives containing comb equal to that of ten
L. frames and those containing only h.df as
much. No one, I believe, claims the brood

210

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV IK /y.

Table continued showing results of experiments in packing colonies in spring, in feed-
ing in spring, in advantages of dififereiit sized hives, etc. From June 10 to July 20.

5«

«»

.9^$

.as

CB O
O g

-a el

O m .
O i su:

.9-iS^

* 0) b.

B
o
o

Mf .2
tH a* 00

>; O S

CC CO

J3 O <1 ^

** 9

TWO-STORY HEDDON HIVE PACKED AND FED.

lyr,

li "

3 "

1 "

2 "

64-8

6()

66-8

77-8

30-8

27-12

23-12

34-4

14-8

l.'i

9-4

3 2 "

4 1"
.5 1 "
8 1"

22-12

145-4 38-12
SAME NOT FED.

17-4

69-4

31-4

63-8

21-4

32-12

30-8

27-12

38-4

43-8

182

31-4
21-4
.54-4
32-12

122-4 17-4 139-8

TWO-STORY HEDDON HIVE NOT PACKED.

11-12

10 1

m 1

16-8
8

20-4
23

66-8

69-12

61-12

28-4

.57 27-8

13-12 32

36 13-8

28-4

84-8

4.5-12

49-8

Total exc'ng those losing queens or bees 106-12
Total ------ 175

73
73

SAME NOT FED.

1
3

8
*9
11
12
13

14 2 "

15 2 "
+16

18 2 "

19 2 "

20 1 '<

1 "

2 "
2 "

1 "

2 "
2 '*
1 "

11-8
21
9

9-8
7
13-12

12-8

9-8

11
1.5-8

17-8

67-8

63-8

.59

(iO-8

74-4

56-4

60-12

69-8

17-8

1.5-12

32-8

40-8

37-8

3.5-12

36-12

17-12
17

4-8
4

18-8
1-8

14-8
2-4

179-12

248

35-4
32-12
37

44-8
41
34
47

.54-8
40-8
39-8
38

3.5-12

39-8
39

Total exc'ng those losing queens or bees 41.5-4
Total ----- 449-4

109
109

.524-4

.5.58-4

28.65

30..56
FED.

35..58

31.94

ONE-STORY HEDDON HIVE PACKED AND FED.
13

37-4
42-4
87
41-12

38-8

9-12
31-4
10

16-8
11-8

22-12

31-4

22-8

2.5-8

7.7.^1

4.31

24..33

«..38

.36.40

34.87

59.92

40.32

Total

125

1.5.8

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW

211

^ !-§ -si "Si ig i A -si-g" -g.^. 1 3

P _2'o ^g tS ^ § .9 t* -■" fl tt-i-.ai 5"

- .9S .5- ^1 -S-S .S S |||j a>l si

° a^ ag «^ gl fl 13 2S$| 2JS 2^

o S «! -sl o2 'S* '3 % ^Sg-f ^g's ^1

;z; -«j c;S OS) H^ i-fe o H ^o^So <Mo <^

SAME NOT FED.

3 2" 3G 14-4 14-4

4 1 " 35-8 8-8 10 18-8
t5 1 "

6 1" 11 32-4 1-4 12-8 13-12

7 1 " 3(] 4-8 26-12 31-4
10 2 " 43 14-8 14-8

12 2 " 40-8 14-4 14-4

Total - 57-4 4»-4 103-8 9.54 8.21 17.75

ONE-STORY HEDDON HIVE NOT PACKED. FED.

**3 2 " 20-8 2-8 2-8

5 1 " 39-8 13-12 14 27-12
9 1 " 84-12 34-8 3-8 38

13 3 " 34-8 8-4 37-8 45-12
K) 2 " . 36-8 12-4 6-4 18-8

17 1 " ^ 37 9-8 28-4 37-12

Total less those losing queen or bees 78-4 89-8 167-12

Total ------ 80-12 89-8 170-4 15.65 17.90 33.55

SAME NOT FED.

• 1 1 " 17 72 30-4 10-12 47

2 1" 9-8 72-8 34 25-12 .5i)-12

4 1" 15-8 76 ;35 35

6 2" 18 71-12 35 7-4 42-4

7 1" 39-4 0-4 17 23-4

8 1" 21 09-12 24-4 24-4

10 1 " 14 77-4 37 .37

11 1 " 11 59-12 23-8 23-8

12 2 " 13-8 49 9 9

14 1 " 74 26-12 21-4 48

15 1 " 71-4 31-8 20-4 51-12

18 2 " 19 " .54 11-4 11-4

19 1 " 9-8 50-12 12-12 13-8 26-4

20 2 " 13 .5.'',-4 19 19

Total 33.5-8 121-12 457-4 23.96 8.69 32.06

Average of two-story colonies fed .31. ^5 13 97 4.5. '^2

"' not fed 3161 7.42 39.04

•' " " lacked 29. .50 6.22 35.72

" " ,' not packed 32 62 11.37 44.

one " " fed 15-7d 13.55 29.27

" " not fed 19.64 8.55 28.19

" packed 12.38 8.66 21.04

' *■ " not packed 21.77 11.11 32.89

Average of six best two-story colonies 30. 21 23 33 53 54

, '■ " one-story " 19.25 26.62 45*87

fonr best two-story colonies, no hive of comb added 22.06 23.50 45 .56

" one •' " " " '■ '• 7.12 27.37 34.50

* There was loss of bees by mingling in swarming.

** Checked by loss or failure of (jiieen. t Treated for foul brood.

chamber should be as small as the latter, yet Then again some intimations of the truth

does not the profit of the latter compare may be gleaned from the table touching the

tolerably well with that of those twice as supposed advanlages and disadvantages of

large though these last contained in the swarms. Is there anything in the table upon

spring all the stronger colonies and the which an opinion can be predicated that

smaller brood chambers all the weaker swarming is prejudicial ?

OTi6s ? It is very frequently asserted that a large

212

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HE VIEW.

brood chamber has a greater tendency to
prevent tlie swarming fever than a small
one. Is there any truth in the assertion and
if so, just what is it ? Does not the experi-
ment tend to show that small brood cham-
bers prevent the swarming fever ? It will
be noticed that the column in the table giv-
ing the increase in weight of the hives into
which swarms were put also indicates the
colonies which cast swarms and from that it
appears that of the large hives eleven cast
swarms and of the small ones but four.

The table itself scarcely needs any further
explanation. Following the table is a sum-
mary giving a comparison of the average of
those fed with those not fed, and of those
packed with those not packed, in each kind
of hive, and also a comparisDnof the results
in the case of the best of the large hives with
that of the best of the small ones. This sin-
gle experiment gives those which were given
stimulative feeding some advantage over
those not so fed. while those not packed give
decidedly better results than those which
were packe L

Lapeeb, Mich. .July 25. 18t)4.

The Cause of Honey Candying Not Fully
Understood.

K. m'kNIGHT.

JN a recent num-
ber of the ^1 -mi f^r-
ican Bee Journal
the f o 11 o w i n g
(I u e s t i () 11 s were
propounded to the
experts who an-
swer (ju est ions
through the col-
umns of that jour-
nal ; 1st, Will all
good pure honey
granulate in cold
weather ? 2nd, If not, why not, and how
may it be prevented ? The answers are in-
teresting, inasmuch as they clearly show that
the cause of crystallization is a mystery to
all of them ; well, indeed, it may be, for I
believe the man has not yet been born who
has got to the bottom of this mystery.

Professor Tyndal delivered a lecture in
Manchester some years ago on " Crystals
and molecular force " in which he summer-

ized all that is known of the cause of crys-
talization. After describing the varied
forms of crystals, their planes of cleavage
as they manifest themselves in different
substances, and many other interesting
things in connection with his subject, he
says, "Looking at these beautiful edifices,
and their internal structure, the pondering
mind has forced upon it the questions. How
have these crystals been built up ? What is
the origin of this crystaline architecture ?"
His reply to these questions is, " Without
crossing the boundary of experience we can
make no attempt to answer these ques-
tions." If the most profoundly scientific
minds of this and former generations failed
to fathom the depths of this mystery, how
can an ordinary bee-keeper be expected to
explain it ?

The theory of scientists as stated by the
Professor is " That polar force may Vje resi-
dent in the molecules of matter and by the
play of this force structural arrangement is
possible. The atoms and molecules of which
crystals are built are endowed with definite
poles, whence issue attraction and repulsion
for other poles. In virtue of these attrac-
tions and repulsions some poles are drawn
together, some retreat from each other ;
atom is thus added to atom, and molecule
to molecule — not boistrously or fortuetously
but silently and sympathetically and in ac-
cordance with laws more rigid than those
which guide a human builder when he
places his bricks and stones together. From
this play of invisable particles we see finally
growing up before our eyes these exquisite
structures to which we give the name of
crystals." Such is the theory of crystaliza-
tion. While the cause is still within the
realm of speculation, the result is well
known. In many cases the means by which
the result may be brought about is also un-
derstood. It is known to the salt manufac-
turer. It is known to the sugar refiner, as
well as to the bumpkin who boils sap in the
maple grove. It is understood by the thrifty
maiden who converts a naked wire frame-
work into a thing of beauty, by coating the
unsightly skeleton with alum crystals : and
to the confectioner who strings his " rock-
candy " on slender threads. While we are
ignorant of the cause of crystalizatiou, I
say we know the means by which it may be
effected in many substances, and we are also
ac(iuainted with the agent to be employed
in taking down those crystaline edifices — in

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

213

reducing to the freedom of liquidity mole-
cules which have been previously locked in
one another's embrace, and knowing these
things, as practical V)ee keepers, we know
about all we need concern ourselves about
on the subject.

Whilst the molecular force, to which Frof-
fessor Tyndal refers is present and active in
many substances it is either absent or latent
in others. It is botli present and active in
cane and grape sugar, of which the greater
part of honey consists, hence we have can-
died or crystallized honey. It is either absent
or latent in fruit sugar, which is also a con-
stitutent of honey. As this cannot be crys-
tallized it floats on top of the candied mass,
in a glycerine-like substance, generally in
small, but sometimes in considerable quan-
tities.

Owen Sound, Out.

July 28, 1894.

i^c<^^::^<r^

Notes From Foreign Journals.

KATHBINE M. INGLIS.

rnHERE are few of us who have not at
iT' some time had our sympathy awakened
for Bulgaria by the political position of that
country ; but from an article published in
the Deutsche Illustrierte Bienenzeitung for
April, it would seem that she has a special
claim upon bee-keepers for sympathy. The
writer, Herr Stoiko Demitrieff, represents a
sad state of affairs. Bees "are to be found
indeed in almost every village, but no care
is taken to keep them to advantage. The
usual hive is formed of roots woven together,
and plastered inside and out with cowdung.
It has a diameter at the bottom of 45 cente-
meters, and running up to a point is from
.50 to .55 centemeters high. Sometimes the
proportions are even smaller. The hive is
generally set on the damp ground, and the
whole under margin forms the entrance.
The bees find their way out on all sides and
the vermin as easily find their way in.

Little work is made of caring for the bees.
Except for hiving the swarms nothing is
done for them. In September peddlers, for
the most part Jews, come around and buy
the bees of the farmers to "take up."
Twenty-five to forty per cent, of the colonies
lose their lives in this way. The dealer ex-
tracts the honey by means of warm water
and sells it in the cities.

Few bee keepers make any preparation
for wintering their bees, and those who do
simply raise the earth around the hives from
twenty to thirty cm., then cover the whole
with manure from the cow stalls. In spring
there is great rejoicing if even a small part
of the colonies survive. When there is no
protection, which is generally the case, even
the weather hardened bees of Bulgaria can-
not survive the cold North-Bulgarian win-
ters.

One is glad to record a brighter side. The
bee pasture in Bulgaria is excellent, and con-
tinues without break from May till the
frosts. The present king in his care for his
people has turned his attention to bee-keep-
ing. Premiums are offered to all bee-keep-
ers owning ten or more Dzierzon or one
hundred or more old style hives with fixed
combs. To students in the State Institute
hives and furnishings are given gratis.
There is need, and hope, of a Bulgarian bee
literature, particularly a text-book and a
journal. Then the way is opening for a
school of bee-keeping and a bee-keepers'
society, so that dark as the present may be
the out-look for the future is brighter and
more hopeful.

A pleasant side-light is thrown on the
character of Frederick the Great in an ex-
tract from Herr Hilcher's new book. His-
tory of Bee-Keeping in The Province, pub-
lished in the Deutsche Bienenzeitung for
March. We find the following quotations
the first from an ordinance published by
Frederick in May 1771.

"In the electoral province there are 900
villages, and if each village in time pro-
daces ten pounds of silk, then we will need
9,000 pounds less of foreign silk, and will
keep the price of it in our own country.
Bee-keeping is also a useful matter. If each
farmer in the districts where it is practica-
ble, possessed a few hives, he would earn
something from them, and in time the prof-
its from the silk-worm culture and the bees
would reach the amount of his taxes, and
then the grain and whatever he earns now
would remain clear profit to him."

In a decree published first in June 1775, he
says :

"If anyone offers for sale any injurious
poisonous substance mixed with honey, by
means of which, not only is the Royal wish
in regard to the protection of the most use-
ful bee trade frustrated, but injury is also
inflicted on others, six years' imprisonment

214

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

with corpoi-al puuishment shall be the peu-
aity ; moreover, if the health of anyone is
injured by this substance the responsible
person will be prosecuted as a criminal."

In answer to a question asked by a sub-
scriber, " What is the relative proportion of
the nutritive qualities of a kilogram of
honey and a kilogram of beef i"' UApi-
cutteur for July, replies that the question
cannot be answered categorically on account
of the different roles played by these two
foods in alimentation. The substances nec-
essary to sustain life are water, albumen-
oids, hydrocarbouites, fats and a very small
proportion of mineral substance.

The following table shows the relative val-
ues of meat and honey :

Water. Alb. Hyd. Fats. Salts.

Meat 73U 175 40 11

Honey .. 2-iO — 770.780 — —

Meat and honey then supplement each
other, the one furnishing the albumenoids,
the other tlie hydrocarbouites and it must
be added in favor of honey that it is so
easily assimulated not requiring the first
process of digestion through which other
foods have to pass.

In one of the Swiss journals we notice that
a chocolate manufactory in Berne has been
very successful in using honey instead of
sugar in the preparation of the chocolate.

Lapeek, Mich. July 23, 185)4.

A Novel Way of Holding a Queen While
Clipping Her Wings.

F. J. MILLEK.

yRIEND HUTCHINSON :— The article on
ly qnisen clipping in June Review caused
me to smile so much (of course I ought not
to as it originally came from Frank Benton)
I thought I must ask you to try the simple
plan I have adopted. I use the Heddon
frame and, it being long and narrow, I hold
it until the queen is gently led or directed
by using the front finger to do so if she will
not stay on the center of comb, then when
she is rather nearer one end I gently rest
one end of the comb on the ground near
enough to the hive so that the upper end of
the frame will rest against it at a convenient
angle to work, meanwhile keeping the eye
on the queen. If she attempts moving away
from the upper end of the comb I use the
front finger of right hand again by placing
it half an inch or so in advance of her thus
causing her to turn and move gently in an-

other direction, by this time my left hand
is free from placing the frame in position
and assumes the work of keeping the queen
in the allotted space of about four inches
square, while the right hand grasps the scis-
sors, which are very small, and with the fin-
ger as before indicated I turn the queen's
course up or toward my left hand as I am
stooped and facing the comb. Now as she
is moving in the direction I want her I place
the left thumb and fore finger down on the
comb just in advance of the queen, thumb
and finger nearly closed at first joint but
spread as far as possible at the points, at
tlie same time I guide her with the points of
scissors from turning around, and by this
means cause her to run between the thumb
and finger. Or I place the thumb and finger
over her head and shoulders as the case may
be, gently pressing her to the comb, when I
consider her in the best possible position to
clip.

I have written this out in detail that you
might more quickly understand and be led
to try the plan. To clip is only the work of
a moment, and the queen is not frightened
or injured and is left right where we found
her. I clipped over fifty queens in my yard
last spring without a mishap.

London, Canada. Juiie 28, 1894.

How to Burn Brimstone for Fumigating
Purposes.

.J. VAN DEUSEN.

T NOTICE in the American Bee-Keeper
X (July) an article in regard to fumigating
combs, evidently given by Doolittle to
Gleanings. Having burnt barrels of roll
brimstone in bleaching yarn, I will give my
method — which if you choose to insert it is
at your disposal.

Take a clean iron kettle, free from ashes
and coals, get the butt end of an old sleigh
shoe as long as will lay fiat in the kettle or
what is better an iron ring three inches in-
side diameter made from one inch iron.
Heat it till you can see it is red in the dark.
This can be handled with a stove poker. Put
the roll of brimstone in the kettle and putthe
iron on it, and if not too hot it will burn
slowly, holding a fume a long time. If the
iron is too hot it burns quicker and does not
hold the fume as long or as safely. Set the
kettle up on bricks to make it safe from the
rtoor.

Spkout Bkook, N. Y. July 23, 1894.

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' Bit VIEW.

215

Bees Can Escape Pretty Lively When Going

One at a Time,— Poor Seasons To Be

Expected.

B. TAYLOK.

EDITOR Review :
I have been
studying that arti-
cle of Bro. C. W.
Day'on's on bee es-
capes in July Re-
view. I regard
friend Dayton as
one of the most phil-
osophical and in-
teresting of theoret-
ical as well as prac-
tical writers on api-
arian subjects, but I cannot agree with him
on the need of a large outlet to escapes, and
I have reason for believing that his idea of
the bees crowding through a Porter es-
cape " four abreast and two deep " is
purely imaginary. My reason for so be-
lieving is that after many year's trial
of an escape in which the passage is so small
that only one bee at a time can get through,
I find it will empty a super of many or few
bees as quickly as an escape of any size or
shape.

I have just finished taking off my comb
honey crop for 181)4, and it reminds me of
an old lady who, when told that her harvest
of wheat was not worth cutting, relieved her
feelings by exclaiming : " Well, thank God
the neighbors are no better off." I have no
need of expressing myself that way, for
while the bee-keepers here have as a rule
made a complete failure in getting a crop of
any kind of honey, the Forestville apiary is
able to report a small crop (fifty pounds per
colony spring count) of nice white honey.
The drouth spoiled every thing except bass-
wood, which yielded honey for two weeks,
and ill this short time some of the colonies
stored and sealed three, 1'4-section supers of
No. 1 honey. Finished combs did it ; with-
out these I should have had no finished hon-
ey worth mentioning. This honey we have
just removed from the hives, using four Por-
ter, and about 25 handy escapes. The Por-
ter does its work perfectly, and so does the
little handy escape which is so small that
only one bee can get into it at a time. We
would put '.'0 or 2.^) escai)es on as many hives
in the forenoon of one day and the next
morning go and take the fifty or more su-

pers away without the bees ever seeming to
know they were robbed. What strange
thoughts comes to our mind when we remem-
ber that there are old leading bee-keepers
who yet decry the value of escapes.

What a strange thing is man and his prej-
udices. I am ready to admit that after
having spent thirty years trying to improve
old things and nmke better new ones, that in
the whole I have made but little advance, as
I am compelled to accept the hive that I in-
vented thirty years ago as better in many
ways for practical use than any thing of
later date. But there are several new things
that are of great value, and of these the es-
cape will hold its own for all time.

And now, brother inventors, I give our-
selves the credit of being the most indispen-
sable to civilization of all classes of men.
Just reflect what the world would be with the
inventor and his work left out. No houses
to live in, no clothes to wear, no books or
papers to read. Just stop and think the sub-
ject up for yourselves and decide whether
the inventor, who has laid awake while oth-
ers slept, should not be honored; and yet,
let inventors be modest, for no one person
has added little more than a fraction to the
great work of improvement. But I believe
the bee escape to be now practically perfect.
To put them on one day and take off the
cleaned supers the next morning, is what I
regard as perfection and any thing that
would work in shorter time would, in my
opinion, be detrimental to the best results ;
for we need, not only to get the bees out of
the supers, but to get them out in such a way
as to leave the colony unaware of its loss
and then there will be no cross, combative
feeling stirred up in the bees. Either the
Porter or handy escape I now know will do
this work to perfection. Mr. Dayton is en-
tirely right when he says that any escape on
the perforated tin or wire cloth plan is mis-
leading to the bees and wrong, to which I say,
from experience, amen. Tlie best escape is
one in which the bees have no possible hope
of getting to the brood nest except through
the escape. Now, Mr. Editor. I do not want
this rambling article to be construed to be
in any way a hostile criticism of Bro. Day-
ton, for I believe I could talk for a week with
him with an interest and satisfaction that
would be impossible with most men. Mr.
Dayton is not only a thinker but his thoughts
at once go in search of the mysteries that
conceal utility. I have read his philosoph-

216

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

ical article on the best form of hives for
brood uests with supreme satisfaction. The
same line of reasoning, coupled with ex-
perience led me to adopt the hives I have
used so lony. Long life to Bro. Dayton.

I A'compayning the foregoing was a pri-
vate letter from which I make the following
extracu —Ed.]

Deak FiiiEND H. : — How sorry I am to
learn you cannot come to visit us, but you
no doubt act wisely. These are uncertain
times, and our first dutv is to make home
and family safe and happy. I have no one
necessarily dependent on me, yet I feel that
at this time I can be happier by staying near
home. The bee business has received a
black eye here this year. We have had off-
years DOW since IW.t. I have suspected for
some time that our old time certainty of a
honey crop was gone to stay. The cultiva-
tion of a new country invites drouth. The
rooting out of wild flowers brings in white
clover, which I at one time believed would
more than balance the loss of wild flowers,
but I now know I was mistaken. Clover is
so killed by drouth this year that it will be
no good next season. I am not discouraged,
as 1 have long believed that I could secure a
living crop of honey even in poor seasons.
I have been preparing to act, and have made
my intention good this year.

FoBESTViLLE, Minn. Aug. 10, 18'J4.

^=^;>^V^|

What are the Benefits of Affiliation, and

How Can the North American be

Made More Useful ■?

E. T. ABBOTT.

rrjUE articles of incorporation of the
'T' North American Bee-Keeptrs' As-ocia-
tion (which it would not be a bad idea for all
the bee papers to publish in full) adopted at
Keokuk, say :

" This Association shall consist of its of-
ficers, life members, delegates from affil-
iated local associations, and ex-Presidents."

They then set forth the conditions on
which bee-keepers may become life and an-
nual members, and say that " delegates frorn
affiliated local associations shall be admitted
free." It is further stated that any "State,
District, Territory, or Province in North
America may become affiliated upon the an-
nual payment of fr).()0, which shall be due

on the first day of January in each year, in
advance."

I would like to learn now how many there
are of these " affiliated " associations at the
present time. I see a list of eight is given
in the report of the meeting at Keokuk, but
I find nothing in the last Annual Report to
indicate that there were any "affiliated"
associations at that time. If not, why not ?

Then again, what benefit is to be derived
from becoming "affiliated?"

These are merely questions thrown out to
provoke an expression of opinion, if possi-
ble, on the part of our leading bee-keepers.

It is a truth which no one can gainsay, that
it is human nature not to remain "affili-
ated " very long when no benefit of any kind
is to be derived from the affiliation. I can
see how every individual who attends a meet-
ing of the North American can be greatly
benefitted, but I confess I do not see where
the benefit is to accrue to those who ate only
"affiliated," and never attend any of the
meetings. It seems to me that it ought to
be possible to identify the interest of all
local societies more closely than they are at
present with that of the National. I do not
know just how this can be done, but I want
to suggest a plan by which I think it could
be brought about at our next meeting, in
October. I should like very much to see this
the largest meeting that was ever held in
the interest of apiculture on this continent.

This can be done with very little effort, if
we all set about it at once in the right way.
I would suggest, first, tli it every county in
the United States, where there is a sufficient
number of bee-keepers, organize at once a
local society. Let each member pay in a fee
of fifty cents, and then proceed to elect a
delegate to the North American, and equip
him with money enough to pay his expenses,
and $1.00 for the annual membership fee.
Discuss thoroughly what you would like to
have him present to the North American,
and send him out instructed to vote every
time for the thing that comes the nearest
representing what the local society desires.
As part pay for the benefit this delegate is to
derive personally from attending the North
American, he should be required to write up
fully the entire trip and the doings of the
North American, and present this to the next
meeting of the local society. (3ur Canadian
friends should do the same in every Prov-
ince in Canada. In this way we could
secure a very large attendance, and create

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

2lt

sufficient enthusiasm to put the North
American in the way to be a power in the
land. What eay you ? What County or
Province will be the tirst to respond to this
proposition ?

I am making local arrangements for a big
crowd, and a good time yeuerally. The Com-
mercial Clul), of this city, has come to the
front, and tendered me the use of the rooms
in which to hold our meetings, and they are
doing all they can to help secure reduced
rates on the railroads. Just as soon as the
matter of rates is settled, it will be published,
but 1 trust no one will wait for this before
making up his or her mind to come. The
Commercial Club has one of the finest rooms
in the city, centrally located, and near to
good hotels which have made me liberal
rates for our meeting.

We have been promised essays from some
of the leading bee-keepers of the world. Mr.
Benton is working hard to prepare a good
programme — one that will be both entertain-
ing and profitable. Dr. Miller and a host of
others who are a whole convention in them-
selves, will be here, and the meeting cannot
fail to be beneficial to all who may attend.
If you have but one colony, come and learn
how to care for more.

Friend Stilson has struck the right key in
the last Nebraska Bee-Keeper , He says :
" Let's make up a carload or more and start
from Lincoln."

That's the way to talk ; come on with your
carloads, and this city of the " wild and
woolly West " will try to do her part.

I have received a number of letters and
cards from those who expect to be here, but
still there is room for more. Let them come
and come fast ! Every one counts, and helps
to swell the swarm of bee-keepers that will be
buzzing in the air in our fair city on Octo-
ber IGth, 17th and ISth.

We will furnish the hive if the people will
only " swarm."

St. Joseph, Mo.

Aug. 10, 18<)4.

[The efforts of President Abbott to in-
crease the permanent membership and the
usefulness of the Society are commendable.
He may well inquire what are the advanta-
ges resulting from affiliation. The principal
advantage is that the affiliated Society re-
ceives a silver medal to be given to some one
of its members making the most creditable
show of honey at some of its meetings. The
large number of Societies that atUliated

after the Keokuk meeting was due, I think,
to the efforts of Mr. Dadant, the newly
elected Secretary. When I was Secretary
two years ago, only five Societies sent in
their dues.

Over in Canada the Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Association receives from the government
a grant of .f.'iOO, and each affiliated Society
receives a portion of this grant. Here is a
solid, substantial benefit from affiliation.
The money thus received is used in buying
literature, etc., for the members, in prizes at
honey shows, in short, in any way that each
Society sees fit. The Illinois State Society
once received a grant of $.')(X) to use in print-
ing and circulating a report of its proceed-
ings. This enabled the Society to get up
some very handsome reports, but I honestly
believe that the money might have been put
to some better use so far as actual benefits
to the members of the society were con-
corned. Michigan prints without charge the
report of its State Dairymen's Convention,
and I presume that it, or any State, would
print the report of its State Bee-Keepers'
Convention if asked to do so. I do not know
that the North American Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation could secure a grant or appropria-
tion from the general government, or from
the agricultural department. If this could
be done there would be no trouble in secur-
ing plenty of affiliation from other Societies,
and in building up a strong Society that
would be something more than a grand visit-
ing party once a year, first in this part of the
country and then that. — Ed.]

Swarm Catchers Catch it Again. — Mr. Dib-
bern Replies.

O. H. DIBBEBN.

rU HAT'S a good article of Mr. B. Taylor
T' on page 188 of the Review ; but I did
not know that he was a comic writer, as well
as bee-keeper. In regard to the swarm
catchers, of which he tries to make so much,
I will say that all I stated in my former arti-
cle is strictly true, and I did not state all
the faults of the catchers either. I made and
used them long before I ever saw them men-
tioned in the bee papers, and they were orig-
inal with me, though I make no claim to
having invented them.

Mr. Taylor's statement that he hived 25
swarms with them in three hours, and 95 in

218

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

five days, is certainly remarkable. Of course,
if Mr. T told us he hived his swarms at the
rate of one per minute, I would believe him,
as he is a bee-keeper, and, like " George with
his little hatchet" can not depart from the
truth, but the way he must have hopped,
skipped, aud jumped, would no doubt, lay
any of my former performances, in this line,
in the shade. No wonder he has been
obliged to reduce his colonies to less than
100 on account of physical disability. Work-
ing at such a rate, would soon " lay out " a
Goliah ! Mr. T. thinks that I must be very
awkward, which may be true ; but I am not
awkward, or fool enough, to go running up
and down the apiary, in the hot sun, with
swarm catchers. But Mr. T. finds many
other uses for them besides hiving bees.
Now that's something I had not thought of
— perhaps they would make good chicken
coops ! As to controlling swarms that are
trying to desert their hives, it will work all
right, if you are right there, catcher in
hand, to " clap it on to them," the minute
the first few circling bees come swarming
out ; but it is a good deal like watching a
pot commence to boil; the moment your
back is turned, or you go to dinner, the bees
will be in the air, and you can then watch
them as they sail " over the hills and far
away." No sir, for that purpose a queen
cage or drone trap is worth a dozen catchers.

Talk about the " citizens of Milan " enjoy-
ing a circus at my apiary ! Why, the way
Mr. Taylor says he "gets around" I would
not be "in it" at all! With his "house
apiaries," merry-go-round, non-swarmers,
convenient holes about his apiary '• as big
as a barrel " to fall into, I suppose when he
performs the disappearance act, my perfor-
mances would not even pass for a side show.
If Mr. Taylor will let me know when his cir-
cus will be in full blast, I think I could get
up an excursion, of the citizens of Milan, to
go to Forestvillo to see the show.

But Mr. Taylor himself seems to be aban-
doning the swarm catcher, as he says at the
close of his article, that he now usually al-
lows the first swarm in the morning to settle
on a convenient bush he has. That is well :
and I think he would find it much easier if
he would allow all succeeding swarms to do
the same, instead of running around the api-
ary, in the hot sun, with swarm catchers.
What we want is less work for the bee-keep-
er, not move, and we want that work more
certain, to secure the best results.

When bees swarm, their efforts are inter-
fered with by anything like a catcher, and
they will keep up a great fuss for some fif-
teen minutes in their efforts to get out.
During this time many bees will go back to
the old hive, and frequently all return, and
they will have to try it over again. But it
often happens that part of the swarm had
got out before we saw them, and should the
bees in the catcher go back to their hive, we
can never know just where the queen is
should much swarming be going on. With
the drone trap or self-hiver, the principles of
which are alike, the case is far different.
The queens are always kept separate and the
bees swarm out naturally. When they miss
their queen they return and are hived wheth-
er we are there or not. This of course refers
to hivers, not mere traps. By the use of self-
hivers we can do much of the work in the
winter, and when swarming commences, we
can do the work mornings and evenings, and
little more than seeing what is going on
need be done in the heat of the day while
the swarming is going on.

No doubt as Mr. Taylor grows up he will
begin to see the error of his ways and throw
away his obsolete swarm catchers, and sing
the praises of the self-hiver. In about ten
years, we may expect to see long articles
from him, lauding the hiver, and how ho
himself studied them up, and "invented"
them.

Milan, Ills. Aug. 8, 1894.

The Term "Hybrid."

JOHN PHIN.

N the Review for June Mr. Hasty advo-
cates the retention of the term " hybrid "
claiming that there is no other word that can
be used in this connection. To the word
"mongrel" he very properly objects, al-
though the reason given appears to me to bo
anything but sound.

The correct term has been in use many
years (at least a century aud a half) in the
case of other animals and was ai)plied by
Langstroth, in the 3rd edition of his work,
to the progeny of the Italian and the black
bee.

The word is cross.

A hybrid is the progeny of different species
and no entomologist will claim that the Ital-
ian bee and the black bee are different
species.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

219

A queen which has mated with a drone of
another race is a " cross-mated " queen. To
call her a "hybrid" is worse than an ab-
surdity.

Quality, etc., has nothing to do with the
matter. We have seen mongrel dogs that
were amongst the best dogs existing, but
they were mongrels, nevertheless. If a bee
is the descendant of a mixed ancestry —
Italian, Carniolan, black, etc., it is a mon-
grel, no matter how good it may be.

A cross necessarily implies the progeny of
two races and may be tirst, second, third,
etc. Any standard work on breeding will
give full information on the point.

As applied to bees the whole subject was
carefully worked out by me and published
ten years ago in my little " Dictionary of
Apiculture."

Cedar Beae, N. -I. July 24, 1894.

Bee-Keepers^ Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

w. I. HDTCHfflSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
81.90; three for $2.70; five for $1.00; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is ilesired to have tlie Review
stopped at the expiration t>f the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN. AUG. 10. 1894.

Eighteen Newspapers and periodicals
are published in Flint which is a town of
only 10,tKX) inhabitants.

"Hybrid" as applied to cross-bred bees
is, of course, incorrect, but the word has
been misused in this way so long that it is
doubtful if a reform can be brought about.

A Ten-Penny Wire Nail is recommended
by Gleanings for prying loose frames. It
can be carried in the pencil pocket and will
answer very well unless the frames are stuck
in "awful " tight.

The Apioultubist for July did not con-
tain so many pages as usual, the editor con-
sidering " a few pages well-filled with val-
uable information more satisfactory than
forty pages of trashy stuff." I think that
Bro. Alley's views and management in this
instance are really excellent.

Six Queens were sent me about two weeks
ago with no mark whatever on the cages to
indicate who sent them. The cages looked
like home-made ones — sawed out with a foot
power saw. Who sent them ?

Ten Pounds per colony is the extent of my
honey crop this year. White clover is my
only source for surplus and it was pretty
nearly a failure. ( )thers in this vicinity who
were near basswood secured fair crops.

Dead Brood has been found so frequently
and in such quantities in the apiary at the
"Home of the Honey Bees," in Medina,
Ohio, that no more bees or queens will be
sent from that apiary this year. It is not
expected that foul brood will develop from
the dead brood, but it is thought best to err
on the safe side.

«»^«»»;r»»^^^«

Bee Escapes are a great comfort. I real-
ize this every season when I have honey to
take off after the harvest is passed. The es-
capes may be put on at evening and the next
morning the cases free from bees may be
carried into the honey house ; and the beauty
of it is, the bees are not made cross and irri-
table for several days.

««.*^<«jr^«'HM^

Candy of the right kind for provisioning
queen cages is the main thing in shipping
queens successfully. According to Glean-
ings we may yet have to return to the use of
granulated sugar for making candy in order
to secure uniform results. It should be
pounded as fine as possible and then made
into a candy with extracted honey.

In Handling Combs after the first of Au-
gust, see that they are replaced in the same
order as taken out. So says the Progressive,
and gives as a reason that a colony is often
damaged by having the position of the combs
changed when preparations have been begun
for winter. This would probably make more
difference if the bees are to be wintered out
of doors.

Full Credit is the thing to give when
copying an article, or even reproducing an
idea, that has appeared in another journal.
I have more respect for the man that has the
audacity and effrontery to steal an article
right out and out and palm it off as his own,
than for one who will slyly label his quota-
tions : " an exchange," " a western journal,"
"an American journal," and so forth, thus

220

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE*

avoiding giving credit to a rival journal. If
an article or idea isn't worth giving full
credit for, it isn't worth copying.

The American Bee-Keepee thinks that
when a " bee-keeper pays 50 cts or f l.(X) for
a bee paper, he wants that paper to give him
all of the information possible concerning
bees. Anyone can buy all the medical, agri^
cultural and religious literature they want at
much less elsewhere." I agree with this,
but it seems that there is a difference of
opinions, as some of the readers of some of
the bee journals seem greatly pleased at the
introduction of these foreign departments.

The Bee-Keepeks' Quabtebly, just as I
expected would be the case, has improved
with its second issue. I doubt not that as
far as solid, practical, useful information is
concerned the Quarterly will be the equal
of the other journals. Its editor writes from
a long, broad, and successful experience,
and there is little danger of his leading his
readers astray. He is outdoing all of the
journals in the production of those bright
little editorials of from two to a dozen lines
that say so much in a few words and are so
readable. Bro. Heddon certainly has in him
the making of a valuable bee journal.

Honey Boaeds, of the slat variety, may be
temporarily made into escape boards by
covering them with a sheet of thick paper.
It will be necessary to remove one of the
slats in order to put in the escape, or else a
hole will have to be cut, and afterwards cov
ered with a piece of tin. If there is much
use for escapes it is better to have regular
boards for that purpose, as the bees will
eventually gnaw holes through the paper. I
used this year about a dozen honey boards
covered with paper, but about the third day
the bees began to get through them — but my
honey was just about off by that time.

CLEANING STICKY FINGEES.

Mr. Allen Pringle, in the Practical Bee-
Keeper objects to the licking of the fingers
when there is honey on them. He says ; " I
want to eat my honey at meal time, and I
want neither to eat food nor lick food be-
tween meals." I think Mr. Pringle is right
in this respect. I consider this " eating be-
tween meals " the greatest objection to lick-
ing the honey ofiE the fingers. Mr. Pringle's

plan is to carry a wet cloth in his tool bas-
ket. But I haven't a tool basket or box and
don't want one. I want nothing to lug
around with me except the smoker, and I
wouldn't carry that if it could possibly be
avoided. If I were going to carry around a
wet cloth I think I should tie it fast to one
of my suspenders.

•u^ll'-m^^m^lF^'

Eenest Root drove his bicycle into our
yard one evening last week and we talked
bees and photography during most of the
waking hours until the next day at ten o'clock
when he left to visit Mr. R. L. Taylor. He
will go West, probably as far as Wisconsin,
visiting bee-keepers on his way. An account
of the trip will probably appear in Glean-
ings, I saw him a few moments in the after-
noon when he had returned from Lapeer
and was waiting for the train that was to
bear him northward. He said that " dead
brood," similar to that to be found in their
apiary, was found in Mr. Taylor's apiary.
He also saw a case of foul brood in the Tay-
lor apiary, and there was a decided differ-
ence between it and the " dead brood." I
have yet to see any "dead brood" in my
apiary.

Queens in large numbers are now being
kept in the Review apiary by means of the
Atchley plan. An old style Heddon super is
divided into eight compartments, three un-
finished sections and a caged queen placed
in each compartment, and the super placed
over a queenless colony. The bees rush up
and cluster around the queen and between
the sections. Just at dusk the super is
placed upon a bottom board having a raised
rim around the outside, also strips across
the center to correspond with the divis-
ions in the case, and carried to a
new stand in some shady, secluded
spot. Each little compartment is fur-
nished with an entrance cut through the rim
around the outside of the bottom board. A
piece of queen excluding metal, with a sin-
gle opening, is placed in each entrance.
Each little hive is furnished with a separate
cover, and over all is laid a fiat board cover.
The next day at dusk the queens are released.
I have yet to have a queen killed in one of
these little clusters. Robbers give no trouble
whatever. It isn't that they do not find the
hives as I often see them "snooping" around
them, but they seem to hesitate about crawl-
ing through the perforated metal when there

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

221

is any opposition back of it. This plan
keeps the queens in the best possible condi-
tion for shipment, and enables me to keep a
stock of queens on hand all ready for im-
mediate shipment.

AMERICAN BEE JOUENAL TOO LOW IN PBIOE.

Bro. York of the American Bee Journal
says that one of his subscribers complained
because better paper is not used in printing
the Bee Jaurnal. Very properly it is ex-
plained that at the present price, and the
" slow pay " of some of the subscriber,*, bet-
ter paper cannot be afforded. Let the price
of a journal be what it may, there will al-
ways be delinquent subscribers unless the
"pay in advance" rule is strictly enforced,
and this greatly reduces the list as I know
by a costly experience. The simple fact in
the case is that the price of the ^»ier*caH
Bee Journal is too low. Qlass journals can
never be published at such low rates as in
the case of general newspapers and maga-
zines, as they can never secure so large lists
of subscribers. Most of our bee journals
are run in connection with a supply trade,
and this enables their proprietors to furnish
the journals at prices which allow of very
small profits unless the list is large. Bro.
York, why don't you raise the price of your
paper or else add a supply trade ? Perhaps
some will think that this is none of my busi-
ness. Perhaps it isn't ; but Bro. York has
worked hard, and is yet working hard, and
while he is making a good journal, much
better than some of us thought he would,
only an editor knows how much better he
could make it if he only had plenty of money
to spend upon it. If one-half were added to
the price, I will warrant that twice the value
would be returned to the subscriber in the
way of bette paper, more illustrations and
an increase in valuable correspondence, etc.

THE BALDEIDGE METHOD OF TKEATING FOUL
BEOOD A SUCCESS.

I have a bee-keeping friend who has treat-
ed several colonies for foul brood this sea-
son, using the Baldridge treatment. He will
allow me to publish his experience but not
his name. However, I can vouch for his re-
liability. Last fall he found th^t he had fif-
teen colonies affected with the disease. Some
of them were quite bad, others were slightly
affected. He made no attempt to treat them,
simply marked the hives and wintered all of

his bees in the cellar. In the spring about
half of the diseased colonies were dead and
most of those alive were weak in numbers.
They were placed near together in a seclu-
ded part of the yard and finally all united
into one colony. An examination of the
supposed healthy colonies revealed three
more diseased ones — two quite badly and
one only showing an occasional dead larva.

As soon as the fiow from white clover be-
gan one of the colonies v,as treated by shak-
ing the bees into a new hive containing
frames with starters only. There was no
cutting out of the combs built during the
first four days, a la McEvoy, but there has
been no sign since of the disease. The other
three colonies were treated by the Baldridge
plan as published in the Review, and it is
now near the middle of August with no trace
of the disease showing.

My friend says that the cones do not do
their work absolutely perfect. To a certain
extent, the returning bees congregate upon
the outside of the cone, drawn there perhaps
by the odor from the hive and the presence
of bees inside. The cone will sometimes
become quite thickly covered with bees, and
finally some of them will find the entrance
at the end, and call the others in. Things
did not work to his entire satisfaction with
two of the hives until he put a Porter bee
escape on the outer end of each cone, then
everything was lovely, as not a bee could re-
enter the hives. In the other case the cone
alone seemed to work all right, but the rob-
bers eventually discovered the entrance to
the cone, and, fortunately, he discovered the
robbers soon after they made their discov-
ery. The hives were left about a month af-
ter the cones were put in place, when two
hives contained about half a teacupful each
of bees and the other hive not a single bee.

The advantages of this plan are that all of
the brood is saved while the disagreeable
task of shaking off the bees is avoided, and
there is no danger of a bee loaded with foul-
broody honey getting into a healthy colony.

It seems that when a bee leaves its hive of
its own accord it goes with an empty honey
sac and free from the seeds of disease ; if,
at this moment, or in this condition, it can
be transferred to a hive that is free from dis-
ease, and be induced to accept the new hive
as home, that bee is no longer a source of
contagion. This is exactly what the Bal-
dridge plan does— truly the bee escape prin-
ciple is not without its value to bee-keepers

222

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEi/V.

My friend also tried the plan of disinfect-
ing hives by painting the insides of them with
kerosene oil and burning it off. Such hives
have been in use in his yard the entire sea-
son without a single case of foul brood de-
veloping as the result.

If any one else has tried this plan the past
season, I shall be glad to get a report of the
results.

exxRKOxeo.

One Way to Unite Bees.

Uniting bees will soon be the order of the
day, and here is a real cute way to get them
to unite themselves. It is from the pen of
Dr. Miller and published in Gleaniwjs.

" For years I have had colonies unite, gen-
erally when I didn't want them to, by being
in the same hive with a hole or crack under
the division-board. Working on the same
principle, here's the way I have united lately:
Having the colonies to be united in two sep-
arate hives, I set one hive on top of the other,
with a piece of heavy wrapping-paper be-
tween, the paper having about its center a
hole large enough for a bee to go through.
That's all. Just put one hive on the other,
paper between. In a few days the paper is
gnawed away, and the bees all one family.
It may fail sometimes, but not thus far with
me."

Early Work in Supers.

" Whenever we have read an article headed,
' how to get bees to work in supers,' or ' how
to encourage bees to commence early in su-
pers,' or ' how to get the bees to work in the
sections,' we have always been compelled to
smile. It seems like a waste of space to give
room to an article headed thus, in one of our
bee journals. There is no way to get bees to
gather honey and place it in surplus boxes,
when there is no honey in the flowers or tlie
temperature is so low they cannot leave the
hive. When, however, the converse, is true,
any well bred colony, in a hive of proper
construction will be as sure to begin work in
the supers, as soon as such a beginning is
possible, as the sun is sure to rise in the
morning. It is well for every bee-keeper to
take some pains in breeding his bees, weed-
ing out the sluggards or 'mules,' as some
call them, and breeding in such strains as
have an instinct to hustle. If in addition
the hives and supers are properly construct-
ed and adjusted, there is nothing more to he
done and the apiarist will receive all the
surplus nature has in store for him."—
//edcZon'.s Quarterly.

[It is seldom that I have the pleasure of
disagreeing with Bro. Heddon, but in this
instance I must take an exception to one or
two points. I agree that when no honey is

coming in or the temperature is so low that
the bees cannot leave the hives, that no
amount of encouragement will lead to work
in the supers, but I do know that the flow of
honey may be of such a character that col -
onies furnished with sections containing
drawn combs will fill and seal those combs,
and perhaps make a slight start in a set of
sections tilled with foundation, while col-
onies not given this encouragement to begin
work in the supers, simply given a set of sec-
tions tilled with foundation, have not stored
a pound of surplus. Even in ordinary years,
the giving of a super supplied with drawn
combs will start work in the sections much
poon'-T than when foundation alone is given.
As a rule, the sections of drawn comb will
be tilled and sealed over and work com-
menced in a second case of sections filled
with foundation placed under the first case,
just about the time that a colony given sec-
tions filled with foundation is just beginning
work in its first case. The ''inducement"
of empty combs leads to earlier work in the
sections. This has been my experience, and
I have read of similar experiences. — Ed.]

Sabdaing Bees.

I fear that many bee-keepers open the
hive first before they even give the bees a
smell of smoke. If smoke is to be used, its
reception should be the first intimation the
bees receive that manipulation is about to
commence. Especially is this true at those
times of the year when no honey is coming
in and the bees are inclined to be irritable.
Here are Bro. Heddon's views on this sub-
ject, as they appear in his Quarterly.

" We believe that most of our readers un-
derstand the principle of subduing bees, (a
few may not) thoroughly, but it certainly
can do no harm to 'stir up your pure minds
by way of remembrance.' Smoke followed
by a jar, works nicely, but this same admix-
ture, when it is a jar and then smoke, pro-
duces very bad results. We believe it is safe
to declare that carefully avoiding any jar
of the hive before applying the smoke, is
the text to the subject of subduing our col-
onies for handling. The removing of the
shade-board and prying up the cover, may
be done quickly, but it must be done cat-
like without the least jar, when the smoke
may be applied under the cover, and then
quick and rough handling is perfectly ad-
missible. It is usually well to smoke the
guards upon the first approach to the hive,
especially in times when the bees are a little
more irritable. After a colony is once irri-
tated by a jar before smoking, no amount of
smoke so completely subdues them."

I'HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

223

The Prevention of Swarming.

If there could be discovered some way to
prevent swarming, or, to be more exact, the
desire to swarm, it would be one of the most
advantageous accomplishments that could
possibly be placed in the hands of bee-keep-
ers. Even so conservative a man as James
Heddon believes that swarming is simply a
habit brought about by environments, and
that this habit may be bred out by a change
in environments and by selection in breed-
ing. Here is what he nas to say on this im-
portant subject in the last issue of his
Quarterly.

" To those who would make money in our
business there is probably no problem con-
nected with it of more importance than that
of swarming. How simple a matter it would
be for us to place 10, 20, 40 or 100 colonies or
more, in a place, giving plenty of surplus
room to each and driving around with our
big spring honey wagon two or three times
during the season and taking off loads of
surplus honey. But alas ! bees have an in-
stinct directly contrary to the above prolit-
able proceeding, for just about as the col-
onies become so strong that they can do
good work, out comes almost the entire
working force and away they go if we are
not there to look after them and you aie
aware reader that to be constantly on hand,
either in person or by proxy, is very expen-
sive.

For the past number of years we ha e been
experimenting in the line of accomplishing
our ideal with regard to the above subject.
We have never had faith in any macliinery
or manufacture for the prevention of
swarming, so called. However, that is a mis-
nomer, for, the various rattle-traps that cost
money to build, time to manipulate and hin-
drance to the btes, are not non-swarmers,
correctly speaking, but rather are intended
to take care of the swarms that issue. They
do not do it and even if they did the colony
which develops the swarming mania and
then by some contrivance is foiled in the at-
tempt to divide, never does the good work
of one in which the swarming tendency has
been prevented. The traps designed to
catch the swarms and hold thena until the
apiarist arrives do not fultill the require-
ments above referred to and the self hivers
are costly, cumbersome and ineffective.

We have experimented in the line of breed-
ing out the swarming tendency, a theory
which is by no means new but which has
never before been followed diligently and
in harmony with our ideas of correct princi-
ple, that we know of. We will pause to tell
you the theory upon which we base our be-
lief and work. As usual we must begin with
evolution, the true theory of all develop-
ment. Bees do not swarm because some
one or something intended it as the means
of maintainance of species, but from other
causes, and the species happens to survive
because of this swarming impulse. To find
the origin of this impulse we go back over

a period of thousands of generations of the
bee in her native state with nature. As we
have her in America she is neither in that
condition nor country nor is she dependent
upon swarming for her survival. In a state
of nature it happened that the domicile of a
colony of bees was so limited in its capacity
that their instinct to store up riches and re-
produce their individual numbers could not
both be accommodated, and this environ-
ment became the author of disaffection, and
dissatisfaction, ending in a quarrel, finally
ending in swarming. This is the way it
happened and if it had not happened in that
way the species would now be extinct as
many others are. The above named condi-
tions fitted our race of honey bees to sur-
vive, and for that reason we are bee-keepers.
Now when the apiarist first takes charge of
colonies of bees and manipulates them in
such a way as to remove all the above enumer-
ated causes of swarming, they still swarm,
and then the question comes, from what
cause do they do it. ? If the answer be prop-
erly understood it can be given in the one
word, habit. Now according to the above
theory all that would be necessary to do
would be to keep constantly removed each
and every one of the original causes of
swarming, breeding iiueens from such col-
onies as first lose the swarming instinct
until filially they forget the habit when every
cause is removed, and we fail to find effect
without cause. Now some of you will say,
' this all reasons out well and I think I have
heard something about it before but I am
not aware that anyone is succeeding in prac-
tice.' Let us say to our readers that if we
were not succeeding in practice this article
would never been written. We have made it
the leader of this issue because in our prac-
tice we have verified the truth of our theory.
We are now reminded of what has been
written about our mechanical inventions.
' Verily there is nothing new under the sun,'
and yet verily there are enough new combi-
nations and applications of old dreams, im-
aginations, and guesses, to change, as with a
magic wand, the useless to the useful. We
will now attempt to describe our method
and give you the result.

The first thing is to see to it that the queen
always has plenty of room in which to exer-
cise the full scope of her fecundity. While of
much advantage for other reasons, we be-
lieve it to be favorable to breeding out the
swarming impulse to prevent the rearing of
drones, and this we do almost to perfection,
by keeping only worker comb in the hive.
However, the dozen hives in which we pur-
posely rear many drones, do not swarm.
Next make the home of the bees as pleasant
as possible if you wish to keep them at home.
In this regard out bees do not differ from
our boys and girls. Keep the hives thorough-
ly shaded and give every colony plenty of
room in which to store surplus honey as
well as in which the queen may breed.
These are all the requirements needed, but
it must be understood that the work must be
persisted in for a number of years. We first
remove the original causes, continuing in
which we remove the habit or instinctive
memory of swarming. Colonies bred up to

224

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

this condition do much more work than
those that take on the swarming impulse.

This is the way we have treated our colo-
nies in two apiaries for the past six or eight
years and every year we have had less and
less swarms until last year we had less than
one in ten and this i ear not a swarm nor
any signs of swarming and our colonies hav-
ing wintered well are booming strong ; but
mind you every one has plenty of room for
the greatest possible efforts of both queen
and workers, with the exception of five or
six with which we are experimenting to see
how much pressure our bees will bear and
not swarm, since the swarming instinct has
been bred out of them, at least to a degree
giving the results above stated. Some of
you may be asking just what is our method
of working our bees with which we can
quickly and practically give the room needed
as mentioned above. As this article is al-
ready long enough, and this season advanced
beyond the use of the method for this year,
we will make it the subject of our leader in
our (October issue under the head of our New
Hive and how to use it. We do not wish to
be understood at this time that our non-
swarming method is confined to the New
Hive for it is not, but as you will see in our
forth-coming article, like most hive-manip-
ulation, the New Hive is much better adapt-
ed to it.

We' most sincerely believe that we have
now reached that point that we can establish
any number of out apiaries without any ref-
erence whatever to the disastrous habit of
swarming. Later. — Since the above was
written, our swarming" season has passed
and while bees all about us have swarmed as
usual, we have had but one swarm from one
of the five or six colonies mentioned above."

We often hear and read about a room in
some loft or chamber in which a swarm of
bees has been placed and where it has lived
and prospered for years without swarming.
When the owner wanted honey he simply
cut off some of the outer combs. Would it
be possible and profitable to so arrange mat-
ters that the honey that is put into these
outer combs would be stored in marketable
combs — in sections ? We could give up many
advantages in exchange for this one of no
swarming. I think we could afford to give
one-half the yield per colony that we now
secure, in exchange for the privilege of leav-
ing the bees unwatched the year round.

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

¥EARS ago I used to furnish water for my
bees, and spent much thought on the
best methods of doing it. When I found
that by far the larger half of them would

persistently goto the natural drinking places
they had chosen themselves I struggled for
awhile to win them back to the fountain
which I had provided. After a bit the sus-
picion that perhaps they knew their own
wants best, and that perchance I was
essaying the impossible, dawned upon me,
and I quit. When there are, within a quar-
ter of a mile, spots where cattle go to drink
at a brook, and tincture things with their
excreta, or even if without the cattle there are
convenient spots where water slowly oozes
over the ground, most likely furnishing
water to bees is a waste of time and thought.
Many apiaries however are not so circum-
stanced, but are remote from water, least-
wise remote from desirable water, and the
bees consequently are ready to meet their
keeper half way in the water business. How
then is the best way to water our multitudin-
ous stock ? It looks to me as if Dr. Miller's
last straw in Gleanings, r>72, might break the
camel's back of this problem, and prove a
finality. A crock of slightly salted water, a
big piece of coarse cloth thrown over it ;
then a big chunk of just the right kind of
rotten wood, somewhat longer thon the crock
is deep. Crowd the wood (and cloth in front
of it of course) down into the crock ; and
let the bees stand on the wood and take the
water as it soaks up. The cloth is to minim-
ize the chance of drowning I suppose. It
will readily be seen that there is no waste of
water, and no possibility of the flow stop-
ping. Also the bees' notion for water in the
act of percolating through something is sat-
isfied. Also the way is open for salting or
medicating the water to any desired extent.
Mrs. Atchley furnishes, not a finality, but
what approximates to a bran new idea— and
it is seldom safe to prophesy how much may
grow out of a new idea. A wagon load of
bees, without any hives or combs — all turned
in higglety pigglety into a covered wagon of
wire cloth, did not kill a single queen in a GO
mile journey ! Let us take in the fact first.
Then it will be in order to find out whether
the result is an exceptional one, or one to be
depended on. Then if we can proceed
further to find out the whys and wherefores,
perhaps a lot of things in our practice may
be modified with profit. I guess the reasons
are : first, a loss of the esprit de corps by
finding nearly every bee approached a
stranger ; next, a consciousness of being
prisoners, and a feeling of homelessness, and
of having nothing in the world to fight for

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

225

— the whole resulting in a sort of quiet tim-
idity, and desire to be at quits with every one
that is willing to be at quits. Granting this
to be correct, all similarly mixed masses are
likely to spare the queens and each other.
Can such a mass of bees and queens be win-
tered? Can they be taken across the ocean
on a long voyage ? This matter is on page
(j84 a. B. J. That none of those queens
found and fought each other is perhaps the
most remarkable thing in the whole. It
seems to show that the belligerence of queens
has been exaggerated. And Mrs. Atchley's
previously discovered way of moving bees
loith hives and combs (iu a screen wagon
with hive roofs off) is without much doubt
a very valuable one.

THE REVIEW.

My last literary work has been collecting

a lot of popular proverbs, and versifying

some of them. And just as the woman who

takes snuff innocently sprinkles some in her

biscuit, who knows but proverbs and things

may get sprinkled over the Review this

time ? All recent readers of the Review

have of course felt the prominence of its two

Taylors — and the proverbialist hath said,

nine of them make a man —

To have this journal manned indeed
Only seveu Taylors more we need.

And thinking how the promised illustrated
visits are a little slow in getting around we
recur to the adage :

" When good cheer is lacking
I'alse friends will be packing."

And therefore let us have a little patience
with each other in these hard, confused,
vexatious times. Who wants the odium of
being a fahe friend to a worthy and strug-
gling cause — journal — man ? I presume our
editor often lies awake trying to make the
impossible part with its tirst two letters
when we are snoring. It should occur to us
that—

" E'en the mighty Don Fernando
( "an't do more than mortal can do."

Don't you mind that this summer nearly
every journal (if not in one way then in an-
other) gives us the suspicion that it is being
" poorly set up with 1"'

" The mill will never grind
With the water tliat is past."

We all know that ; but it also occurs to me

on the subject that —

Rather slowly drops the meal
When the flume yields naught but hope.

And the water that will wheel
And come booming down the slope
Like fun
1901.

(Jf course the Review's most important
late advance is the new department of Miss
Inglis. Too soon to give final judgment on
her work ; but she is evidently a Spartan, by
the way she wades through the partheno-
genesis quarrel,

Who was the father of Zebedee's childer ?

(A query that once was supposed to bewilder)
Is naught to the bone
'" Who fathers the drone ?"

" His mother's a daddy " one Dutchman replies ;

And the other big Dutchmen they gouge for his
eyes.

Except a few on the fence ; and they, just

to be sensible, explain that his mother is a

demi— mammy— daddy. Glad Miss Inglis is

not going to try to wear white kid gloves

when she makes souse for us.

And puts in the ear, and the tail, and the heel,
And tlie cheek, and the snout, and the grunt, and
the squeal.

Certainly Mr. Hutchinson has got the
work of making an ideal journal well map-
ped out— To be itself a journal, to collect
the cream of all other American journals,
and to give a comprehensive view of what
foreign journals are at, to please the eye
with illustrations, to satisfy the mind with
practical information and help, and all with-
out intiating the amount of reading matter
beyond what a busy man can find time to
read —

A short boy dreams a lovely dream,
Tt>bacco plugs like saw-logs seem;
He opened his willing jaw.
And ■■ bit otf more than he could chaw."

Whether the resolute gentleman in ques-
tion succeeds in chewing all he has bit off or
not, rest assured that he will chew at it —
" you hear me shouting !" It's the intention
to have the Review more valuable than any
other bee paper on the globe to the man
whose spare time (or cash) limits him to
one paper.

THE GENERAL ROUND- UP

'* What will happen next, I should like to
know ?" as the pollywog said when his tail
dropped off. Why the next thing to happen
is for the American Bee Journal (with the
excelsior banner of. Exclusively to Bee Cul-
ture, still flying at its mast head) to open a
medical department, to leach us all about
felons, snake bites, and appendicitis, and
" all sich." How green with envy A. I. Root
must have turned when he saw it ! and how
speechless with astonishment the subscri-
bers ! But then, who cares ? The matter in
the department is really good, and pleasant-
ly told. 'Spects it will find fully as many

226

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE

readers as the bee articles do. Dr. Peiro,
of Chicago, is the department conductor.

Not to be outdone the Progressive replies
to A. B. J.'s medical department with a
legal department, and proceeds to tell those
of us who " want to know, you know " how
to legally " mind our p's and q's." The
lawyer is Wm. C. Sprague, and his work
opens out fairly.

And for another poUywog experience, be-
hold Mrs. HoUeubeck turns up in possession
of Will Ward Mitchell's shoes, as poet of
the Progressive. Seems to fill them quite
fairly, besides knowing bees, which the for-
mer owner of the shoes presumably did not.
Here is a specimen of her work.
" The bees hanging out on the trees in great

clusters
Are swarming (with sections just fairly begun ;)
Or loafing around like the commonweal army,
And holding conventions on hive fronts for
fun."
The next citation deals with the case where
several young queens are out, and yet the
bees do not want to swarm.

•• The queens sometimes fight it out; but most
freiiuently the bees select the queen they want,
and begin to abuse the others by biting and pull-
ing at tliem until they run out of the hive." (t.
L. Tinker. A. B. J., 753.

This is in line with my own observations,
and I think it is correct. Or perhaps the
superfluous ones are held in the cells until
the decision to attack them is made, when
they are let out and immediately worried.
The biting and pulling would naturally pre-
vent royal combats. I have found a consid-
erable number of young queens at one time
crawled away about a hive, evidently having
escaped from popular wrath.

John M'Arthur, of Toronto, joins his tes-
timony to the few who have found sweet
clover to yield an actual surplus. A. B. J.,
654.

'• See that water on the sealed brood there ?
That is to keep it cool. But the bees sometimes
fail to keep the temperature down with water ;
and then we have some scalded brood." Mrs.
Atchley. A. B. J., 15.

Seems to me this is the first time I have
ever seen the idea in print that bees in hot
climates carry water to keep down heat,
placing it around in little droplets. An im-
portant item to keep in mind, if correct. At
any rate Mrs. Atchley herself makes large
use of the water-sprinkling tactics.

" I fail to see any good reason why some of
our best apiarists are recommending tlie super-
sedure of all queens the second year." Doolit-
tle in A. B. J., 17.

Taking this in connection with what was
quoted from Capt. Hetherington last month
we have a good case of " the bane and the

anti-goat." Mr. Doolittle is strongly im-
pressed with the idea that folks are just
theorizing (as they so very often do) and
that they don't theorize correctly. The
theory in this case is that no ordinary queen
will lay much over 2(X>,000 eggs in a lifetime.
That excessive laying shortens the life of
queens, seems to be well founded in experi-
ence ; but I think Mr. D. is entirely right in
attacking boldy the 200,000 limit. He gives
a case where a queen in her third year (not
the whole of the year either) laid over 250,000
eggs. Probably the theory and practice in
regard to the laying of poultry reflects upon
the bees, and helps produce the Hethering-
ton view. Hardly safe to reason from birds
to insects much— and even in regard to hens,
I remember we had on our place once a hen
whose great age, and great number of eggs
laid rather " knocked silly " the theory about
the limit to the number of ovules in the
hen's ovary. The explanation evidently was,
in her case, that she had to hoe her way in
life with a great deal more of muscular ef-
fort than most hens put forth— had one leg
cut off by a mowing machine while she was
yet a young biddy. Now don't you'uns go
to cutting the hens' legs off to make them
lay. Better chase them around with a stick,
or put them on a patent tread mill.

At Beeville, Texas, it seems, a new species
of flea and a new political party accidentally
arrived about the same time. With that
Yankee alertness (beg pardon, Southern
alertness) which is characteristic of Ameri-
can people everywhere, the " hunkers "
scored a point on the new party ; and the
midnight disturber of their peace is the
" third party flea " henceforth. A. B. J., 78.

The American Bee Journal doctor says,
mix castor oil and honey equal parts and the
horrible adulteration can hardly be detected.
A million thanks from the little folks Dr. if
that proves "honest Injun;" but they are
used to professional assertions that disgust-
ing dopes taste good. If this is only " an-
other crow of the same nest " they ought to
be allowed to pull your hair. A, B.J., 7G.

Mrs. Atchley has not found Eden (more
like the place where Eden's serpent ought to
have been.) What with superlative ants,
and third party fleas, and winter ice, and
now and then a hot blast that runs up the
thermometer to 114 Fah. in spite of spraying
water in doors and out, and kill off all weak
colonies of bees— well, some of us will con-
sent to live up north a spell longer yet.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

227

Ram bier thiuks Californians used clamped
gangs of dipping boards before the English
did. Gleanings 644. Our country saved
again.

■' A frame properly filled with comb, without
any wires in it, is as good for all practical pur-
poses, including shipping bees across the con
tinent: as is the one having wire in it." Doolit-
tle in Gleanings, .547,

A good thing to remember, and save the
dimes. Only I suppose it must be admitted
that very recently built combs are safer
against breakage if wired.

One of Mr. Dool ttle's valuable and some-
what new wrinkles is to make the shade
boards shed water by the use of tin ; then if
the roof proper is not absolutely invulner-
able (most roofs are not) then there are two
d'i'fences against the wet. (jleanings, .")09.

It would 89em that in some localities eggs
are frequently found in supers from which
the queen is excluded. In Gleanings, 507.
Willie Atchley thinks this is always the work
of fertile workers. There is a fine chance
for the bee-man to get fooled when the bees
attempt to raise a queen from such eggs, as
they sometimes do.

" I have seen eggs so evenly deposited by lay-
ing workers that their work could not bo de-
tected till the larvae were seali-d."

Also Willie's notes (I think he is the fir.st
to publish this) that the young drone, when
the old maids are trying to make a woman
of him, sometimes crawls away from the
royal jelly, and they humor him by length-
ening the cell until it is ridiculously long.

The German Gravenhorst notices that
when hungry bees are carried by wagon into
a full harvest of buckwheat honey an over-
dose of it kills them in great numbers.
Gleanings, 494. Another proof of the some-
what evident fact that fresh l)uckwheat hon-
ey is slightly poisonous — in fact a trace of
poison seems to attach to all parts of the
buckwheat ijlant. Little i)igs that sleep in
damp buckwheat straw are killed by it, it is
said. And little boys that eat the cakes
every morning for too long a time get the
scratches.

Dr. Murdock, of Florida, thinks he has
had success in feeding royal jelly to young
drones (without killing them, as such diet
usuallj does) and this he considers the key
note in breeding the extra-large bees for
which he is becoming famous. Gleanings,
.500. With time and patience we shall see
what we shall see.

Richards, Lucas Co., Ohio, July 28, '94.

FR££ : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-I'.it

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCX

OF- BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

194-12t. RIVER FALLS, WIS.

Tbe Pr^ctic2il Bee - Keeper

Possesses brightness, reliability, honesty, purity
of tone, circulation, and the confidence of its
readers. In addition it is PRACTICAL from
cover to cover. Published monthly, .50 cents per
annum. Sample copy on application. The
Pkaotioal for one year and one genuine Five-
Banded Golden Italian Queen for $1.00.

THE PRACTICAL BEE-KEEPER,

Tillbury Center, Ontario, Can.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

GOLDEN '"LHH QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1894. For
the price, we have the best spraying outfit made.
Send S1..50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-94-12t Mazeppa, Minu.

Please mention the Reu'iew.

RvPPflll^ll Mail FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.
UJ IIUIUIU IIJQU. Bred for Business, Beauty
and Gentleness. Untested in .June, f 1 Oi); .July
to October 75c each; 6 for $4.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular tn

Theo.

enderji

Canton, Ohio

— If you are going to-

BIJY a BlJZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

228

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

QUEEN5,

Either golden or leather color
ed ; as good ae any and better
than many. Try one queen and
bo convinced. Satisfaction is
guaranteed. Warranted queen,
$100; tested, $1.50; selected,
$2.50. Queens ready tn ship
June 1st. JOS. ERWAY,
5-94-4t Havana, N. Y.

Bee-Keepers : Send us your P. O. address and
we will send you free a sample of

A NEW WRAPPER

that takes the place of glass on honey sections.

It is attractive and light-looking, and con-
sumers do not think about paying for the weight
as they do with glass.

The cost is only about five cents pound, and
pays you double and triple cost in weight
wlien you sell your honey. The greatest protec-
tion ill shipping honoy. as it is so constructed
that it keeps the sections from sticking fast to
the bottom of the ca'^e, and from honey leaking
as it commordy does. '?-94 2t

H. R. WRIGHT, Albany, New Y rk.

Oil Cooking -Stove for Sale.

Last summer we changed about the internal
arrangements of our house, and the wood -stove
is now in a room by itself, hence we shall not be
annoyed by its heat and will so seldom use oui
oil stove that we have decided to offer the latter
for sale. It is of the Monitor make, the best of
any with which I am acquainted, is perfectly
safe, much more so than an ordinary lamp, winch
cannot be said of the use of gasoline. The resor-
voir is l)ack away from the burners, of which
there are four, and the same number of griddles.
Anything that can be done with an ordinary
gasoline stove can be done with 1hie one, while
at the same time there is perfect safety. The
whole outfit, including an oven, cost ,$22.00, but
it will be sold for only $10.00. and it is practi-
cally as good as new. Descriptive circulars will
be sent upon application, or any in(|iijries cheei-
fuUy answered, W. Z. HUTCHINSON,

Flint, Mich.

Out on the Prairie,

Away from other varieties of bees, I rear
Italian queens that cannot be excelled
for Beauty, Gentleness, and Business
Qualities; and 1 offer them for April
delivery at the following prices : —

One Untested Queen, 65 cents; three
for $1.75; six for $3.25. Tested, $1.25;
select, tested breeder, yellow to the tip,
$1.50. Virgins 2'ict9. each, :?-94-tf

G E. DAWSON, Carlisle, Ark.

"1 Q

I Names of Bee - Keepers. |

a TYPE WRITTEN. 13

a li

ISBI^BBEiBPlBBBREBBPiBCEEECiBBBC

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. Tliere are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (.in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. vv. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.' 0
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by C W.
C'ostellow. and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples anil prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which ' is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
C. sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR OATALOOUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
4i/rire-ss W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Roohford, Ills

'^^■:^^^^.^.^^^^^"^^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' KI-:VIEW.

229

EE - KEEPEt^S,

Sent! for free catalogue of 70 pages, describing
Evei»ything Used in the Hpiapy.

est Goods at Iioijuest Ppiees. ^^^:r^^^.l^:^,.'l^^A-^l

Atchinison, Kan., St. I'aul, Minn., Des Moines, Dubuque, and Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and otiier

'"''"'''• 4-94-4t E. KHETCH^VTEH, t^ed Oak, loma.

'AUGHTERS of one of Doolittle's best,
5 - banded breeders mated to selected
drones from Jennie Atchley's 5 - banded
strain, untested, 60 cts; tested, 90 cte. ;

extra yellow. $1.2.5.

5-94-tf L. H. ROBEY. Worthington, W. Va.

GOLDEN

ITALIAN

QUEENS.

Reared by the Doolittle method, at 75 cents each
for untested queens. Breedinp; (jueens, the very
best. $4 00 each. Nuclei, »1 uo per frame. Full
colonies of Italians, $6.00 each. ^ Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Send for price list. F. A. CROWEI-L,
3-94-tf Granger, Fill. Co., Minn.

(Money Order Office, Cresco, Iowa )

ffly

Queen,

the Review and the book " Advanced
Bee Culture" will be sent. lam yet
receiving weekly shipments of young
laying queens from the best breeders
in the South. These untested queens
I will sell at

75 cts.

each, or with the Review one year for
$1..50. For $1.7.5 I will send the Re-
view a year, one untested queen, and
the book " Advanced Bee C-ulture."

W. I. HUTCHINSON. Flint. Mlcll.

If You Want Bees

That will just " roll " in the honey, try
MOORE'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS, the result
of fifteen year's careful breeding.

Dr. H. B. Lung, Lexington, Ky says : "I have
had the pleasure of seeing many fine strains
of bees, yet I have never seen such industri-
ous, energetic bees— a grand triumph in breed-
ing. I must extend my admiration for your
success as a bee propagator."

Warranted queens, 80 cts each; three for$2 00.
Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

Reference: A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio, who
has purchased of me 666 queens.

J. P. MOORE,
6.94. tf Morgan, Pendleton Co., Ky.

Please mention the fleuieui.

KNOCK DOWN :

Yes, I have a large stock of D. T. Hives,

Supers. Frames, Sections, etc., all in the "knt)ck

down," and ready to ship at a moment's notice.

Write at once for large catalogue and price

list of everything needed in the apiary.

.3-94tf

E. L. KINCAID,

Walker, Vernon Co., Mo.

UNTESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS

From the best of imported, and golden stock,
60 cts. each ; f6.0<i per doz. Warranted queens,
80 cts. each. Testetl queens, $1.00 each. Safe
arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

4 94. tf

W. K. SHAW & CO.,

Loreauville, La.

Our U^w Style Frame

Gives better satisfaction than anything we have
gotten out for several seasons- Our THIN
WALLED HIVE is the BEST and CHEAPE->T
on the market. With our OUTSIDE WINTER
CASE it makes the best OUT DOOR WINTER
HIVE, and the cheapest. We are the ORIGIN-
AL makers of POLISHED SECTIONS, and our
goods are acknowledged to be the best, and
cheap as any.

Illustrated ('atalogue and copy of the AMER-
ICAN BEE KEEPER free on application.

THE W. T. FALCONER M'F'G. CO.,

Jaiuesto\irn, N. Y.

230

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW..

Was awarded World's Fair medal. Dealers and others, write for samples and prices
The finest polished Sections and Dovetailed Hives in any quantity. Larye, Illustra
ted Price List of everything needed in the apiary sent free; it also contains a large J^
amount of information. Address M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. 4-94-4t

€)

H^sidless Queens.

1 only mean that in my yard all queens be-
come "headless" unless their bees ijrove to be
gentle, beautiful and great honey gatherers. I
have both the three and five-banded varietios,
bred in separate yards, twelve miles apart.
Warranted queens only 60 cts. each; tested, 90
cts. Strong, two-frame nuclei. $1 90 eacli.
Three- rame, $2.35; tour-frame, $2.bO. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.
1-94 r2t. J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.

HARDY

Business r.-:- Queens.

Bee-keepers of the" North, we can furnish
you NOW with hardy bred queens of either
the ft banded golden Italians, or gray Car-
niolans Our prices are very reasonable.
Send for them before placing your orders.
Satisfaction guaranteed. A complete de-
scription and price list free. 6-94 tf
F. A. LOCKHART & CO., LAKE GEORG^, N. Y.

Please mention the Rftnf^"

mm QUFENS from TEXAS,

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAUTY AND (GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— Marcli, April and May—
|1 00 each. 150 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders. $1..50 each. Order early. S^nd for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,

4-94-6t Boxy. LibriUN.TEX.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOIA 1894.

Before you purchase; look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. F. H. UKOWN,
1-88-tf. Aus:u8ta, Geurgria.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK. 78 Barclay St , N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Sir d for illustrated Catalogue

HUSTLERS !

Read what one of the largest bee-keepers of
this country says. 'The queens (two doz.) came
promptly. Tliey are an extra fine lot. The bees
are tinely marked, gentle, and HUSTLERS
when it comes to honey. 1 liave no trouble in
picking them out now from over (if 0 colonies."
W. L. ('0GG.SHALL, West Grofon, N. Y.. October
17, IS 3.

Prices for queens bred for business from the
above strain, 5-BANDED. are in May. $1.00; after
May, 75 cents ;i^ dozen in May or June, $4.00;
doz. $7.50; .July and later, six for f ll.iO ; doz,
$6..50. Single queens WARRANTED purely ma-
ted. I Guarantee all queens to arrive safely and
to be (iOOT) RELIABLE queens Send for free
circular. Draw M. O. on. and address

J. B. CASE, Port Orange,

11-93-tf Vol. Co., Florida.

THC m€jiL Bee rouKO ^i ljist .'

A Superior 5train of Gol«Icn Italiarjs

The result of thirteen years' careful br' cding and selection. They are gentle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter the sections readily, cap tlieir lioney the whitest,
are not inclined to swanii, and are second to none in beauty, : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of young
queens, warranted purely mated, in April and Mav, fl.25 each; six for S6.00. In
June, $1.00 each ; six for $5.00 From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $4.50.
The price of tested ([ueens, bees by the pound, nuclei and full colonies given upon
api)lication. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

bott(

prices.

SECTiO/S5, $2.00 per 1,000. Lovetailed Hives ;i1
partu'ulars, send for descriptive catalogue.

C. D. DUVALL, Spenoerville, Mont. Co., Maryland

For full
l-!l4-tr

THE -BEE-KEEPERS'- REVIEW.

231

If yon are not using the

New Heddon Hive

It may seem incredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results with considerable less
labor and much more comfort than with other
styles of liives, but a fair aiul impartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as set forth in my circu-
hir, will sliow that this statement is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for the asking.
11-93-tf A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

Plea?" mention *he Reuieiv.

ARCTIC ^1

i^ Quecns ;

Rlxtremely hardy ; fine color and their workers
very energetic. I call them arctic, as I am loca-
ted the farthest north of any queen breeder in
tlio U. S. Fourteen years experience in queen
rearing Untested qiaeens, $1.00 ; tested, $l.i)0.

W. H- NOt^TOfl. Skoujhegan, jvie.

Please mention the Reuiew.

ninstraiefl Advertisemeflis Attract Attention.

IEJ-FERSt>N AVE..-COR OMIb'

Cuts Fnrnlslieil for all illnstratlag Pnrposes.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRK'ES on
the

"BOSS" ONE-PIEGE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. pOnriCROOI^ & CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

Jan. 1st, 1S9I.

Home^I^ade,

FOOT - FOWEK,

BUZZ-SAW.

I have for sale a home made, foot-power buzz-
saw made by my brotlier. The frame work and
table are well and substantially made, the main
shaft and band wheel are of iron, and the man-
drel one of Root's So .50 mandrels, with a seven
inch saw. Although the machine has been used
a year or two it is in perfect order, and is probably
as desirable in all respects as any foot-power
saw made. It is offered for SlS.Oi).

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of .J. X. Colwiok, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 1893 ) for $1.2.5. Untested
queens in April or Jlay at Sl.OO each or $9.00 per
dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be shipped when wanted.
2-94-tf J. N. COLWICK. Norse, Texas.

Please mention the Reuiew.

NEW YORK CITY

Is the center of more li. R. and Ex. Go's, than
any other place in the country. That means low
transportation charges. Combined with this the
fact that our prices are low and supplies first-
class, shows a reason WHY you should send for
our circular.

1. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place, 1-94-12 New York, N. Y.

Please mention the Reuiew

Giveo Away,

Our new catalogue of Bees and Bee-Keepers'
Supplies to any sending their address. It con-
tains the latest prices on Hl>?E5, CRATE5,
SECTIO/HS, POUr4DATIOW, and the new

Stirer FEEDER; "ue of fbe best feeders in
the market— just the tiling for spring feeding.

OLIVER HOOVER &• CO.,

i-94-tf Riverside, Pa.

QIIPDI ICQ Such aS Hives Sections, Founda-
OVJrrl_ltO jioN Extractors, and Everything
Else Used by a Bee-keeper. Also Clover Seed. Buck-
wheat, BEES AND QUEENS. LARGE Wholesale and Retail

CATALOG FREE. Immense Stock.^^^ JOS. NYSEWANDER, DBS MOinCS. lOWa.

BEE

232

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHj^g UU^I & SON, HatlliltOn, IIIS. ^

y^l ^^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Reuie'v. ^^^^^^^ 1^^

S^Banded,

UrtTE5TED,

Italian Queens

Ehe balance of the season at 50 cts each. Tested
queens. $1.00 each. Breeding queens, the vehy
best, $1,50 each. These queens are of the Doo
little strain and are golden beauties. Fine
tested queens from imported mothers, only 75
fts each. Safe delivery. Money order office,
Decatur. CLEVELAND BROS.,
5-94 4t Stamper, Newton Co., Miss.

Please mention the Reuieui.

^^^^ \A Queens rank with the best in
#" "V" A f the world. I rear none ex-

■ I ■ cept the best Italians bred for

■ I I business, beauty and all good

■ I I qualities. I strive to excel, and

■ ;^ I have shipped to every State and

■ ■ to foreign countries, and if I have
M \ '^ dissatisfied customer, I don't
r A know it. A large number of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and
5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 band, $3.00. Untested,
$1.00. Reference, A.l. Koot. W. H. LAWS,
2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

Please mention the Reuiew.

BINGHAM PERFECT

BEE SMOKER

Pat'd 1878, 1882, & 1892.

Cheapest & Best on Earth.

Send Card for Circular to

Bingham &Hetheringtoii

ABKOKIA, Mica.

•''lease mention the Deuieui.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,

184.121 Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention the Reuiew.

ALL BEE-KEEPERS

"Wa-n-t a, Oood. Bee Smok-er*.

The Higginsville Smoker is designed to supply
this want at a reasonable price.

The Higginsville Smoker is a "daisy," has a 3
inch fire box, a hinged curved nozzle that will turn
back out of the way while loading, and has a bar
of folded tin running horizontally with the fire box
to keep the hand from coming in contact with the
hot fire box.

We claim the following points for this smoker :
Cheapness, Excellence. Strong blast. Heavy vol-
ume of smoke and no burnt fingers.
Price, 60c. each ; 6 for $3.00 ; $5.00 per doz.
20 cents extra by mail Special prices to dealers.

If you will send us ^our name plainly writen on
a postal card wo will mail you our catalogue of Bee-
Keepers' supplies, also a copy of the Progressive Bee
Keeper, a journal devoted to Bees and Honey.
Address :

LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo.

Sep., 1894.

At Fliqt, Mic^\igaq,— Oqe Dollar a Year.

234

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

flDVEHTISI^lG {^RTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

I will send the Review with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal. . . . ( l.Odl

Canadian Bee Journal — ( 1.00)

American Bee Keeper — ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)

Bee Keepers' Guide ( .50)

Apiculturist ( .75)

Bee-Keeipers' Enterprise . . ( .50)

...fl.75.
... 1.75.
... 1.75.
, .. 1.40.
... 1.30.
... 1.40.
... 1.65.
. . . 1.40.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

No. 1.— All sections' well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark,"' etc.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as foUows :
No. 1 white, 15 to 16 ; No. 1 amber, 14 to 15; No. 1
dark, 9 to 12 ; white extracted, 6 ; amber, 5 ; dark,
4. Beeswax, 20 to 25.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,

July 9. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

BUFFALO, N . Y.— The honey market in Buffalo
is somewhat improved in demand and a little in
values. Fancy, one pound clear white comb, is
selling nicely at 13 to 14; common grades pro-
portionately lower. It is well known that this
is one of the largest outlets for honey and large
quantities can be placed as well here as any
where. We will advance ten cents per pound
on any quantity of fancy No. 1 one pound comb.
We quote as follows : Fancy white, 13 to 14 ; No.
1 white, 13; fancy amber, 10 to 12; No. 1 amber,
9 to 10 ; fancy dark, 9 to lu ; No. 1 darkj 9 ; white,
extracted, 6 to 7 ; amber, extracted, 5 to 6 ; dark,
extracted, 5. Beeswax, 25 to 28.

BATTERSON & CO.,

Sept. 29. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

CHICAGO, 111. — White comb honey in good
condition sells at 15 cts. ; extracted white, in
cans, at 7 cts. ; and amber to white, in barrels,
5 to 6 cts. The trade is fair and receipts also
liberal.

E. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Oct. 4. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, lU.

NEW YORK, N. Y.— The market on extracted
remains quiet. There is some demand for the
new crop of comb but prices are not yet estab-
lished. Beeswax is dull and slowly declining.
We quote as follows : White extracted, 6 to 6i^ ;
amber, 5 to 5]4; dark, 50 to 55 cts. a gallon :
beeswax, 27.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Aug. 15 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. ,- The demand for
honey is very light and higher prices are not
expected. It is probable that miscellaneous
shipments will be sold by some commission men
below our quotations whicli are as follows :
Fancy white, 18; No. 1 white, 15 to 16; fancy
amber, 14; No. 1 amber. 10; fancy dark, 8;
white extracted, 6 to 7 ; amber, 5 to 534; bees
wax, unsalable.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.
Aug. 15.

CHICAGO. 111.— We have sold thus far this
season over 1,000 cases of comb honey, ranging
in price from 15 to 16 cts., in a small way, while
we wholesale it at 14 cts. We can dispose of all
our receipts promptly, and advise shipments to
market early. We will make liberal advances
on consignments. Extracted honey is selling at
6 cts. We are trying hard to crowd the market
to 7 cts. for new crop of clover and basswood.
Beeswax, 28 cts.

Sept. 21. 8. T. FISH & Co.,

189 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

ALBANY, N, Y.— Honey in better demand, es-
pecially the high grade of white comb honey ;
No. 1 white, 14 to 15: No. 2 white, 13 to 14.
mixed, 11 to 12; No. 1 buckwheat, 12 to 12i^;
No. 2 buckwheat, 11 to UM ; white extracted
(northern), 7 to 8 ; Amber, 6 to 6}^ ; buckwheat,
51^ to 6. Beeswax, 27 to 29. Do not look for
much of any cliange in these prices and advise
now to have honey on market early as possible
for best prices.

H. R. WRIGHT,

Sept. 21. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

in PRIZES

Divided into i 1st prizes of #triO
each, and i ad prizes of JiKmeafli
will be given for best designs for

$1,000
WALL PAPER

Send 2f. for complete detail information. Desiftns
must be entered before Nov. 15, 18;n. Designs notnward-
ed prizes will be retui-ued, or boutilit at private sale.

No matter wbere you live, don't pay retail prices for
vail pai.er. We n'.nke a specialty of the mail onlcr
business and sell dii-eetto cousumcrant fiictory prloen.

SPECIAL FALL PRICES: J:::;'.' .'.'T.- 5;::r.r.r.:

At these prices ysu can paper a small room for 50c.

SendlOcfor poitat'o on samples of our new fall paper
andijurbcMik "ia«>w to I'lip^'i- ami Kconoiiiy In Home
JJocoriitiim." will I o sent at oiiic, showinir how to tret
$50 cllect fur $.'> investment. titi,,l to iieai-cat (uUlnss.

ALFS^ED PEATS, dept. 88,

30-:« w. i:tth St.,

NEW VOKK.

!:!S \V. Madison St.,
CHICACU.

I- HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

235

FEEDIDG SAGK

Honey to secure the completion of unfinished sections can
be made very profitable if rig-htly manag-ed during- the hot
weather of July and August. In "Advanced Bee Cul-
ture" may be found complete instructions regarding the
selection and preparation of colonies, preparation of the
feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping-
of the combs, time for removing the honey, and how to
manage if a few sections in a case are not quite complete ;
in short; all of the '"kinks" that have been learned from
years of experience and the "feeding- back" of tons of honey.
Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHlNSOfl, Flint, Mieh.

Your

ATTEMTlOiS,

PLEASE.

One an tested queen in June $J .(XI

One " " Jiilyto Sep., 7.5

Six " queens, in June, .5.00

Six " " July to Sop., 4.00

One 2-frame Nucleus in June, 2.75

Onei-frame " " 4.00

All nuclei contain untested queens. Send for cir-
cular and sample of my 5-Bz^n<le<I B^^uties.

J. F. niCHAEL,

l-94-9t Germa . Darke Co. Ohio.

Muth's ::

lEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
>ld-BIast Smokers
Squzire 6I&SS Hopcy -/arj, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers.

l-94-tf. f/e.is» M ntion f'e ". rir.

EE SUPPLIES!

Bl
,^end for free copy of 11,1:, tJSTRATED
CATALOGVTE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G. Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chicago.

Please Cut Out

riiis wliole Advt.
M^u, aud mail.

t^" Please send me
rlio American Bee Journiil
each week for Three
noiilhs. At the end
of 1 hat time I will re-
mit $1 .00 for 1 year's
• ubseiiption. or 25c.
i'l case I decide to
d jcoutinue.

TotjiePubiifesoaint>,nc,;iii Bee Journal,

56 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, II.I..

NiUiLe

P. O.

State

236

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

THE.

Root Dovetailed Chaff Hive.

IT IS NEAT, LIGHT, WELL DESIGNED,

AND A

PERFECT WINTERING HIVE.

The walls, botli outer and inner, are made of clear i^^-inch pine, and have two inches of space
between them for packing. The corners are. ol course, dovetailed for strength and lightness. The
cover is seven inches deep, and telescopes clear over the water-table, making it impossible for
water to seep in and wet the cushion. In summer this cover makes a perfect " umbrella shade-
boaril." The furniture, including supers and covers for the regular single-walled Dovetailed
Hive, also fits the hive. For a hive for ALL PURPOSES we know of nothing better. It
weiglis, when packed with chaff, only five pounds more than the same capacity in the single wall.
As to WINTERING, we have tested this hive thoroughly, and know it to be a success. By
the way, don't forget that we have a

3Doveta.ileci ^Winter Oa.se

Designed for use as a protection in wintering, for the regular single-walled Dovetailed Hive. It is
made up of the same cover as shown above, and tlie same outside wall. Write for prices and par-
ticulars on both the winter case and Dovetailed ('haff Hive before you place your order.
A 52-page Catalog sent free.

A. I. ROOT, Medina, OMo.

•AUGHTERS of one of Doolittle's best,
5-l);indril breeders mated to selected
drones from .Jennie Atchley's .5 - banded
strain, untested, 60 cts; tested, 90 cts. ;

extra yellow. $1.25.

5-91 tf L. H. ROBEY, Worthington, W. Va.

World'? Fair A\cclal

Awarded my FOUNDATION. Soiid for
Free Sample and Large Illustrated Price List of
everytliing needed in the apiary.

M. H. HUNT,

9-94-tf Bell Branch, Mich.

PATENT. WIRED, CGMB FOUNDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat - Bottom Foiiiidalioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

I'eiug tlw> cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker tlian any fdn. made.
J. VAN DKUSEN & SONS,
(sole MANUFA0TUKER8),

;i-90-lf Sprout Brook, Mont. ('o.,N-Y

Plcilif nitulion II, c r.CiiciV.

FR££ : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-12t

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

ON HAND NOW,

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM.

194-12t. RIVER FALLS. WIS.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

MO N F Y R FT 1 1 R N F n *^^ =^i' '^"yi^g porter bee escapes
V-'INL- I riL- I L-'IliNCL-' not satisfied after testing tlicni. Prominent
bce-kei'iH'rs evei'.y vvhcic use mid highly recoimiieud them as the best. No others received a
World's Fair award. Testiiiioiiials. etc.. free. Prices: Each, postpaid with directions, 20 cts.;
per doz., 13.35. Order from your dealer, or the mufrs., R.A, E. C. PORTER, LEWISTOWN, ILL

\)c (Dee-f\eepeps jAcvieo.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR,
w. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. VN, FLINT, MICHIGAN, SEP, 10. 1894. NO, 9.

Work at IVCicliigaii's

Experimental

Apiary.

B. L, TAYLOB, APIABIST.

JT has long beeu
a question with
some bee-keepers
of experience
whether all sam-
ples of secti ou
foundation are
alike in point of
desirability for
practical pur-
poses and it was
with the hope of
doing something toward the solution of this
question that experiments were instituted
last year for tlie purpose of comparing sev-
eral of the different makes of foundation.
These experiments were made with the idea
that there were two leading and important
points in either or both of which it might be
there existed considerable difference among
different samples of foundation and these
points were first the readiness and rapidity
with which the bees worked out the founda-
tion and secondly the thinness to which they
reduced its septum. The importance of the
determination of these matters and of the
reasons for differences if any existed, to the
interests of bee-keepers, is too evident to
require comment.

During the season of 1893 it was thou t: lit
practicable to make at least an api)ro!,oh
toward the solution of the first point by lill-
ing sections with the different samples of
foundation and then, after placing Ihuse
containing the several kinds alternately in a
case without separators, giving them to the
bees to be worked out and filled. It seemed
exident that the kinds which the bees workc d
the most pr6mptly and rapidly would con-
tain the greatest amount of honey when
completed and that by weighing separately
the sections which had been filled with each
kind of foundation the preferences of the
bees and the consequent desirability of each
kind of foundation would be determined by
the definite criterion of the scales.

This experiment for two principal reasons
was only partially successful. One cause of
the partial failure was that sections of too
great width were employed. The sections
were scant 1% inch while as is well known
sections of a width of from IV4 inch to 1%
inch would afford ample space for the build-
ing of comb of such thickness as tlie bees
usually prefer, so that, as a consequence of
the use of the sections of the greater width,
though the bees began to work some samples
of foundation sooner and more rapidly than
some others, it was observed that, when a
comb in a section arrived at the stage where
it was a little thicker than what they usually
prefer, the bees suspended work upon it
largely and hesitated, to bring up the combs
built from foundation less liked by Ihem, so
that when completed there was not the dif-

238

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

ference in the thickness and weight of combs
that had been looked for. This mistake was
remedied the present year by procuring for
tiie purpose of the experiment sections of a
width of IX inches or nine to the foot so that
it required thirty-six of them to till a case
instead of twenty-eight as of the others.

The other reason for the partial failure of
the experiment last year was the palpable
mistake of attempting to compare directly
more than two kinds of foundation in the
same quarter of a case. This error was cor-
rected this year by devoting at least one-
half of a case to each two kinds sought to
be compared.

During the present season seven varieties
of foundation were employed in making the
experiment and six comparisons were made
— that known as the Given foundation — of
my own manufacture — being used in com-
parison with each of the other six. The six
were what is known as the fiat-bottom from
the factory of J. Van Deusen & Son, Sprout
Brook, N. Y., the Dadaut, made by C. Da-
dant & Son., Hamilton, 111., the Hunt, made
by M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Mich., the
Root, made by A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio,
and the other two were made from wax se-
lected by M. H. Hunt — the Given-Hunt be-
ing made on the Given press and the Root-
Hunt, by A. 1. Root, on his roller mill. The
two last and the Hunt were the result of an
efEort to get samples made on three different
mills from the same lot of sheeted wax, but
judging from the difference in the shade of
the wax composing the sheets and that com-
posing the foundation of Mr. Hunt who fur-
nished both, as well as from the somewhat
contradictory results obtained it would ap-
pear that the plan miscarried.

The approximate weight of each kind
tested, appears from the following table :

Sheets to Size of sheets

Name. the lb.
Van Deusen 32
Given .. ..25.5
Dadant .... 32

Hunt 32

Root ... 3-'
Given-Hunt 24
Root-Hunt.. 26. 66

iu inches.

8x8

3Mxl5

37exl6)^

3^x15

3^x15
3^19M

Inches in Feet
the lb. per lb

2048

1434.375

2046

1800
1980
1356
1975

14.

9.91
14.21
12.50
13.75

9.375
13.715

In all, four cases of sections were used in
making the experiment, one whole one of
each was devoted to the comparison of the
Hunt with the Given and of the Van Deusen
with the Given and to the others but one-
half a case. In the table hereinafter pre-
sented giving the results from a comparison
by weights in order to make the object les-

son more complete where only half a case
was used for any kind the weights are
doubled so that all may stand before the eye
upon the same footing.

In order to show to the eye the difference
in the work of the bees upon the different
foundations a photo, of the honey was taken,
from which the accompanying engraving
was made ; in explanation of which it should
be said that the honey was removed from
the cases and arranged as here shown and if
an imaginary perpendicular line is made
dividing the lot into two equal parts it will
leave each section related to its neighbors
exactly as it stood in the case so that a fair
idea of the comparative advantage which
each kind of foundation presented to the
bees may be obtained by a simple inspection
of the engraving. As will be seen each sec-
tion is labeled with the name of the founda-
tion with which it was filled from which the
place of each lot is readily seen. Thus the
sections containing the Hunt foundation
tested, occupy the upper one-fourth of the
picture and that containing the Van Deusen
the lower right one-fourth and so on. In
the case of the latter the difference in the
thickness of the combs made from the two
kinds of foundation is very clear, in the case
of the former, the difference, though not
great, is still apparent.

The following is a table showing the
weight of each lot separately and in connec-
tion with the weight of the kind alternated
with it in the case so that the comparative
desirability of each in the view of the bees
is seen at a glance :

Name of fdn. No. of Sec'ns. Wt. lbs.

(Jase No. 1 ... ^ Given 18 11^

\ Hunt 18 12)4

" No. 2 ... \ Given 18 13

\ Root 18 11

' No 3... S Given 18 14

\ Dadant 18 10

.' No. 4... <, Given 18 15^

\ Van Deusen 18 9'/4

" No. 5 . . . S Given 18 13i^

\ Given-Huut 18 10%

" No. 6 ... <i Given 18 14>^

\ Root-Hunt 18 10

The success of the experiment has been
very gratifying and it is thought demon-
strates the utility of the method pursued,
for the purpose of determining the quality
of foundation.

The results are so evident that it is hardly
necessary to say much iu explanation of
them, but it may be of service to call atten-
tion to two or three points which might es-
cape the attention of some.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

239

First, the quality of the wax either in its
original characteristics or in the method of
its manipulation previous to the final pro-
cess of melting it cuts a considerable figure

the same lot of sheets of wax — the former
on the Given press, the latter on the roller
mill — the former falls behind the Given
foundation (used generally for the purposes

in determining the degree of its utility for of comparison) — little more than 28 per

SECTIONS OF HONEY BUILT UPON DIKFEEENT MAKES OF FOUNDATION.

the purpose of foundation. This is shown
from case No. h where one of the two sam-
ples of the foundation compared, though
made on the same machine and of about
equal weight, contains more than 28 per
cent, more honey than the other.

Secondly, either the kind of machine used
in making foundation greatly afifects its val-
ue, for, of the two foundations, the Given-
Hunt and the Root-Hunt, both made from

cent., while the latter falls behind 45 per
cent., or else

Thirdly, heavy foundation has a decided
advantage over light.

The sample of Hunt foundation used in
the experiment seems worthy of special com-
mendation for it excels the Given by G}^
per cent., while the latter excells the best of
all the others by more than 18 per cent.

Lapeeb, Mich. Sept. 8. 1894.

240

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Bees From Northern Bred Queens Seem
More Free From Bee Paralysis.

T. S. FOKD.

T HA.VE bee paralysis in my apiary, aud
1 have noticed that Northern queens seem
to resist the effects of the disease more than
do colonies bred from Southern queens. It
may be that I am reasoning from a very lim-
ited experience, having bought only about
half a dozen Northern queens, but I have
found no exojptio:! so far. Is thare any
remedy for bee paralysis V I have tried salt,
re-queening, and to a limited extent, sulphur,
but have never seen much benefit except
from re- queening, and that seems tempo-
rary. I take several bee journals, and have
been watching for the appearance of some
new remedy.

The disease does no harm except in the
spring and during the honey flow. At that
period, the bees die in such quantities that I
have seen as many as a peck of dead ones in
front of a single hive. When warm weather
sets in during .June, it disappears in nearly
all the colonies, and only an experienced eye
can detect it,

Columbia, Miss. Sept. 19, 1894.

Ps^>3:r^>5^

Mir

Carniolans are Good Workers, Very Gentle,

and Not Great Swarmers.— The Energy

of a New Swarm Explained.

E. FBANOE.

" Y experience with Carniolans for the last
years has convinced me that, for
extracted honey, they are the best bees I
ever worked with. I have never tried them
for comb honey, but I have no doubt about
their good behavior in that direction. I
now have 140 colonies of them. A very few
of them are a little mixed with the Italian,
and I did intend to requeen the whole yard
the past season, and bought two queeLS in
the spring from which to raise my queens,
but as our honey harvest was short I raised
only about forty. The only time we had
that I could open hives without setting rob-
bers to work was about sixteen days — when
the basswood was in bloom — so I had to give
up requeening the apiary this year. However,
I have but few in my home yard that are not
good Carniolans.

Some raise objection to them on account
of their swarming too much. I have never

had any trouble with them by their swarm-
ing too much. I work them in 8-frame L.
hives three stories high, keep them strong
and then swarm them by dividing them. I
made only forty-five new ones from ninety-
five old ones, aud had only three natural
swarms. I don't call that excessive swarm-
ing.

They are good bees to winter. I winter
all out of doors on their summer stands.

Some think they are poor honey gatherers ;
mine made more honey to the colony than
any other bees I have.

We have five out-yards, over 400 colonies
in all away from home, many of them good
Italians, the balance mixed Italians and
blacks, and the Carniolans beat them last
year when we had a good season and the
same this year when we had a poor season.

They are the mildest and easiest to work
of any bees I ever worked with. I worked
with them all summer without a veil. I
wish all of our bees were pure Carniolans.

In the Review of 189.8, page 2.33, is the fol-
lowing idea expressed by R. C. Aikin : " The
energy of a newly hived swarm is more
aparent than real. There is no brood to care
for — nothing to do but gather honey and
make comb — hence the apparent energy and
the great rapidity with which stores accu-
mulate."

That the new swarm does work with more
energy is certain. Why is it? We make our
increase by division ; take brood, combs and
bees from three or four old colonies, put
them together in one hive, fill the hive, let
them raise a queen or give them one, and
make them strong. Will they work with the
apparent energy of the newly hived swarm ?
No sir. Why not ? Because about all the
bees ^^e have in this artificially made col-
ony are young bees. They have never been
out to work ; they are not old enough, and
we don't expect much of them for a week.
So if we make a new colony near the close
of the last honey harvest we give them
enough honey to winter on. After about a
week or ten days this artificially made swarm
will work as good as any natural swarm, and
in three weeks the artificial swarm, will have
the best honey gatherers of any in the yard.
So a swarm that was made in clover time
will just revel in the basswood honey.

Some think natural swarms are best on ac-
count of this energy of the newly hived
swarm. Let us see, have we lost any energy
by making artificial swarms ? Not at all.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

241

The energy that is put in a hived swarm is
left with the old colony ; with the artificial
method, the workers are left with the old
queen, and will work there, making new
combs or filling old ones that may have been
given them, as the case may be, while the
old colony, by the natural method, has lost
its old workers, except what workers were
in the field at the time the swarm came ofif.
So it is which and t'other ; bees that are of
the proper age to gather honey will gather
and store honey if it is to be had.
Platteville, Wis. Sept. 25, 1894 Q

The Stampede Bee Escape.

O. W. DAYTON.

TJRIEND H. :— I
ir^ send you by
this mail a model
of my bee escape.
( I have had a cut
made. — Ed.) No.
1 is a section of
the escape board
proper. No. 2 is
a gate of wire
cloth hinged at its
upper edge and
under which the
bees pass in their
efforts to reach the opening (4), towards
which they are drawn by the light coming in.
By the time they reach the screen through
which the light comes they discover a more
satisfactory route (No. :») to the brood nest.
No. 5 is the raised rim around the escape
board. No. 6 is the escape proper, made of
tin, a portion of which is cut away to show
openings 8 and 4.

The escape rests on the top side of the es-
cape board instead of being let down into it.
This renders the screened window discern -
able from all points of the board, however
distant. In my experiments I have found that
they go through the escape rather than an
open outside exit. In the case of an outside
exit the first uneasy bees, after coming to
the outside, return inside again, and it is not
until they become very uneasy that they dare
take wing or course down to the entrance on
the outside surface of super and hive. The
first attempt to reach the window results in
such bee being trapped out of the super and

obliged to proceed toward the brood cham-
ber. Thus in this escape it is trap first and
strange passage afterward instead of strange
passage first and trap last. After securing
to the board, adjust the points of wires so
to nearly admit a bee by bending a wire,
the rear part of the gate, against the roof,
the floor is uneven it makes no difference
returning bees climb on top of the gate,
have cleared 200 supers this season with
this escape.

Having the exit partially open is the turn-
ing point in the success or failure of all es-
capes, and in the neglect of which many
cast escapes aside. If you wish the escape
to operate very fine, ravel out front lateral
wires to within two wires of spindle wire.
It requires about s much experience to ope-
rate escapes as it does in the spreading of
brood. An escape with a window to admit
outside light will operate the best from morn-
ing until about three or four o'clock in the
afternoon. But toward nightfall, bees will
retreat from the light, so that to do the most
rapid work the exit ought to be farthest
from the window. This point was suggested
and found true from the hiving of swarms
with a lantern or by moon light. If the
empty hive be placed on the moon side, as
the bees are placed before it, they do well if
they do not leave it entirely and retreat
away toward the darkness. Place the hive
on the dark side and they retreat from the
moon right into it. So the moon exerts an
influence on the hiving of bees and, possi-
bly, the operation of escapes, so to say.

THE STAMPEDE BEE ESCAPE.

With the gate at inside end of enclosed
dark passage robbers will not be caught.
This season, even in the height of the har-
vest, I found a band of robbers prying
around supers after the bees went out. Ire-
moved the super, but allowed escape and
board to remain on the hive. When a rob-
ber approached the gate, and, seeing the

242

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

light at the other end, she thought she had
discovered plunder and instantly jumped
under gate. Result, dead robbers dragged
out at entrance of hive below.

O yes, my adv't states that 1,000 bees per
minute may go through. These are three
inches long. A gate on each side of auger
hole. The capacity of escape I send is .'500
to 700. After adjusting escape, spread car-
bolized cloth (prepared a la Woodley) over
top of frames and put cover down upon it.
They will stampede.

Flokence, Calif.

Sept. 8, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Tebms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90; tiiree for $:i.70; five for $4.00; ten or more,
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Review
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN. SEP. 10. 1894.

The Foundation experiments of last year
and this, all pointing in" the same direction,
have a significance that ought not to pass
unheeded.

Eenest Root has dropped the editorial
"we" for "I," and he hints in kind of a
round-a-bout way to Dr. Miller about " a
pound of figs."

Florida has furnished a good yield of
honey this year. J. B. Case of Port Orange,
reports as follows : " Fifty colonies run for
honey gave me over i;»,000 pounds. I have
nine tons off the hives and will get from
1,000 to 2,000 more. I moved two-thirds of
my bees to a mangrove location, and they
averaged 400 pounds to tlie colony that I have
taken off and there are from 20 to 40 pounds
more per colony to come off."

H. R. BoAKDMAN finds that it pays to feed
his bees plenty of sugar for winter stores
and then in the spring feed enough to keep
brood rearing going at a lively rate. He
feeds clear up to the beginning of the honey
flow. The brood nest is then full of sugar
and brood, and the honey that is gathered

must from necessity go into the supers. In
this way he sometimes secures a crop of
honey when his neighbors get nothing. This
I learn from Gleanings.

The Tokonto Globe of August 25, gave
nearly two pages to a description of " Bee-
Keeping in Ontario, and its Development."
It was well illustrated, showing pictures of
prominent apiarists, apiaries, implements,
etc. Such articles help our industry, by
calling attention to honey, its heathfulness,
and the methods necessary to keep it in its
best condition.

The Tariff, or duty, on honey imported
into the United States is now only ten cents
per gallon instead of twenty, as heretofore,
but Mr. F. ( ). Somerford, a bee-keeper of
Cuba, writes to Gleanings that we need have
no fears of Cuban honey flooding our mar-
kets. Honey cannot be produced for noth-
ing even in sunny Cuba ; it costs something
to start an apiary as everything must be im-
ported ; the work is spread over the whole
year instead of only a few months as in this
country ; and the days of cheap and slave
labor are past. Most of the Cuban honey
goes to Europe.

A PooK Chop, " one of the poorest on rec-
ord," is the way Gleanings refers to the hon-
ey crop of the present year, and this conclu-
sion is drawn from replies sent in response
to about 200 postals that were sent out. The
crop seems to have been good in central and
lower Florida and in Texas ; fairly good in
spots in one or two counties of California,
in Oregon, Utah, Colorado, Minnesota, Wis-
consin, Ohio, Michigan, New York and New
England ; very poor in other portions of
these States, and a total failure in most of
California, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Mis-
souri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi,
North and South Carolina and Georgia.

Queen Cages are discussed in Gleanings
by H. L. -Jones of Australia. He says that
the end of the cage containing candy being
the heavier will settle down in the tumble
that the mail bag gets, and being left in that
position for a three-weeks' voyage, the dead
bees drop down upon the candy and shut off
the supply of food. He also objects and
properly, to a cage having only a small pas-
sage to the food, as a bee is likely to become

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

248

stuck fast, thus cuttiug off the food supply.
The passageway should be cut clean away,
not simply bored. For these long ocean
voyages, food in both ends of the cage is
recommended.

President Abbott is to be employed the
coming winter in attending farmers' insti-
tutes in Missouri and speaking upon the sub-
ject of bee-keeping. I think he is a good
man for this work and that he can do good
in this way. Other States might follow this
example with advantage.

" A Mutual Admieation Society " is what
some people say there is among bee-keepers,
and especially among editors and contrib-
utors. I think that bee-keeping brings out
the better nature of a man to a greater ex-
tent than is the case with some other occu-
pations, and the editors of this class have
fallen into that habit of speaking well of
those whom they think deserve it and saying
little or nothing of the opposite class, while
editors of other cl.iss journals, at least many
of them, pursue an opposite course — find
fault when they can and avoid giving praise
if it is possible.

The Review has sometimes been accused
of not reviewing enougli, of giving too few
extracts. This complaint surely cannot be
brought against this issue. The trutli of the
matter is that sometimes one department
crowds another, but it is not always the same
department; that docs the crowding. Some-
times the advertisements crowd, then, again,
there are a lot of correspoudens that have
something of value to say and it is pretty
hard squeezing to give them all a place, at
other times the other journals have so much
good matter that a large amount of space is
required to give even the best of it. The bee
paralysis topic is what swelled the Extracted
Department this month — next month I hope
it will be corresi)ondence on that subject.
Then, of course, I shall tell something about
the convention.

Mk. Heddon sent an advertisement of
honey for sale, but it was too late for this
issue. He writes that his yield from bass-
wood was not heavy, but the best in quality
that he ever had. He is now getting a crop
of fall honey that is of excellent quality.
He is offering the latter at ,f H.CX) for a sixty
pound can, and the former for $3.60 to %\.'1Q
per can, according to the nun^ber taken.

Considering the talk that there has been
about his adulterating his honey, he offers to
pay $100 for any adulteration found in his
honey, and to allow the return of any honey
not found entirely satisfactory.

Me. J. Van Deusen, of Sprout Brook, N.
Y., the senior member of the firm that
makes the celebrated flat-bottom founda-
tion, recently made the Review a short but
pleasant call. He was leisnrt-ly pursuing
his way westward, traveling only by day-
light. He expects to be present at the com-
ing St. Joseph convention.

By the way, the Van Deusens propose put-
ting their foundation on the market another
year in smaller packages — as small as six
and one-fourth pounds. Retailers are often
called upon for small quantities, and the
work of preparing it for shipment takes up
a good share of the profits. The proposed
plan will do away with this objection.

A Feedek of the Heddon or Miller style
can be temporarily transformed into a per-
colator by crowding rags into the passage
through which the feed flows from the reser-
voir into the apartment where it is taken up
by the bees. The reservoir is then filled with
equal parts of sugar and water and the re-
sulting syrup slowly soaks or " percolates "
through the rags into the part of the feeder
that is accessible to the bees. There is no
boiling, nor fussing to make syrup, simply
the sugar and water put into the feeder and
that is all there is to it. I believe that Dr.
Miller is to have the credit for this discovery
and Gleanings for giving it publicity. Any
vessel, like a crock or can may be used in a
similar manner. .Just fill it with sugar and
water, cover the mouth with several thick-
nesses of cloth, cover the cloth with a plate
and then invert the " whole business."

Ths State Fair was held this year in De-
troit, and, as usual, I made an exhibition of
bees and honey. The show of bees and hon-
ey was the slimest that I have seen at our
State fair. The premiums are not very lib-
eral, the financial condition of the Society
being such that large premiums cannot be
offered. If Hunt and Cutting and the rest
of the "boys" went, and the premiums
must be divided up among us it did not seem
as though it would pay me to go. Finally,
I decided to take a few things and put them
in place and then come home. Only a short

244

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

time before the opening of the fair I learned
that neither Mr. Hunt nor Mr. Cutting ex-
pected to make an exhibition so I gathered
up what things I could and went, but I really
did not feel proud of my exhibition. It was
my absence two weeks at the fair that still
keeps the Reviexm behind, and there will not
be much chance to catch up this month on
account of the time spent at the coming con-
vention, but I think the time will be well
spent, and after that I hope there will be
nothing to prevent me from gradually get-
ting the Review back " on time."

HIVE ENTEANOES.

C. W. Dayton, in the Progressive, advo-
cates the old-time tly-hole in the front of a
hive, in place of the entrance at the bottom
that we have so long cherished. He uses
three, three-fourth- inch auger holes, in the
center of the front of the hive, thus making
the front of the hive answer as an alighting
board. We have been so accustomed to see-
ing bees drop down upon an alighting board
that at first thought it seems as though it
vyould be awkward for Ihem to alight on the
front of a hive, but a little thought shows
that it would not ; and whoever has had
" fly-holes " in the front of his hives knows
that many of the bees use those openings
from choice. Friend Dayton says that one
hole is equal to two or more inches of usual
entrance, still one bee can defend it from
robbers. Another thing, such an entrance is
away up from the reach of toads, mice and
lizards, is not so easily clogged by grass
growing up in front of it as is the case with
a lower entrance, and when we are moving
bees it is so easy to stop these entrances with
a piece of paper or rag. Although friend
Dayton does not mention it, there is another
point in their favor , there is no danger of
their clogging up with dead bees in the win-
ter. This is quite an item in out-door winter-
ing. Such an entrance almost demands a
loose bottom board, but there are many who
prefer them any way. I do.

BEE PAEALYSIS.

In the warmer portions of this country bee
paralysis is becoming a really serious mat-
ter. Here at the North it amounts to but
little; I have never seen a case of it. All
that I know about it is what I have read. In
this issue of the Review I have copied quite
a number of articles bearing on the subject.

That of Mr. Getaz seems to explain the
nature of the disease the most clearly of any-
thing that I ha e seen. He quotes Erank
Cheshire to show that it is of a bacillus na-
ture ; that it is to grown bees about what
foul brood is to the brood. It is of slower
growth than foul brood, or else the grown
bee does not offer so good a feeding and
breeding ground as that of the brood. It is
worse in those seasons when but little work
is being done and the number of bees
hatched is not very large. In the height of
the working season when bees are hatching
daily by the thousands, and the labors of the
field are rapidly wearing them out, there is
not sufficient time for the disease to make
much headway before the life of a bee has
run its natural course. It would seem in
many cases that the bees are hatched with
the seeds of the disease already in their
bodies, that the egg was really infected by
the queen before it was laid. For this reason
a change of queens brings at least a tempo-
rary relief, and in some instances a perma-
nent cure seems to be the result. The in-
troduction to a healthy colony of a queen
from a colony suffering from paralysis is al-
most certain to bring with it the disease.
Just how or why the disease again starts
up in a colony after it has been given a
healthy queen I do not know ; possibly the
queen becomes diseased from being fed by
diseased workers.

Some have attributed the trouble to star-
vation. It is quite evident that this is a mis-
take. The disease has appeared in many
instances when there was not only plenty of
honey in the hive, but also unsealed stores.
A long period of honey dearth, by causing
enforced idleness on the part of the bees,
would tend to aggravate the trouble, and it is
possible that this is why it has been attrib-
uted to starvation. It seems that feeding
has sometimes cured, or at least benefitted,
the suffering colonies. Just why this should
result I do not know, unless the food acts as
a tonic.

The remedies that have been tried and re-
ceived favorable recommendation are salt,
sulphur and re-queening. Of these re-queen-
ing is looked upon with the most favor. One
difficulty with knowing dofinitely whether
these remedies are curative is that the dis-
ease is likely to disappear of itself and then
the remedy is given the credit. • To learn the
true value of remedies, part of the diseased
colonies should be treated and part left to

THE BEE-KEEPERS- REVIEW.

245

cure themselves. This is another problem
for our experiment stations to wrestle with.
I should be glad to hear from those who
have had experience with the disease.

THE COMING CONVENTION AT ST. JOSEPH,
MISSOUBI.

The North American Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold its annual convention on
the 10th, 11th, and 12th of October, at the
rooms of the Commercial Club in St. Joseph,
Missouri. How to get there is the first con-
sideration. A great many in the North and
East may take advantage of the Harvest Ex-
cursion going on the 9th and returning on
the 19th or 29th, that is, if they wish to stay
so long after the convention ; but I presume
that very few will wish to stay so long. The
majority will wish to return immediately
after the meeting. To all such there is the op-
portunity of coming home for one-third fare
if the precaution is taken to secure of the
agent a certificrte showing that a ticket has
been purchased and full fare paid going.
This certificate signed by the Secretary of
the Association will enable the bearer to buy a
ticket for home at one-third the regular fare.
But there must be 100 persons present bear-
ing such certificates before the Secretary is
authorized to sign them. For this reason,
let every one who gets a ticket for St. Joseph
be sure and get one of these certificates.
There is little doubt now but there will be
more than 100 present, as Nebraska alone
will send forty in a special car. To all those
who are coming from the North and East,
those whose path will naturally lie through
Chicago, or even those who live near Chicago,
I would say that it would be much more
pleasant if all such could meet in Chicago
and go from there on the same train, and
possibly in the same car — a special car can
be had if there are enough to fill it. I have
been corresponding with Bro. York on this
point and we have agreed to advise all bee-
keepers who are going via. Chicago, to stop
or call at the Commercial Hotel, corner of
Lake and Dearborn Sts. (where we have
held several conventions) and that all go
from there in a body at five o'clock p. m., on
Tuesday, the 9th, and take the 0:10 train on
the Chicago, Burlington A- Quincy for St.
Joseph. There is only this one train each
day on this road for St. Joseph and it reaches
there the next morning at 9:00 a. m.
just in time for the first session. Let every

one who comes into Chicago on his way to
the convention, stop at the Commercial
House, or at least go there as soon as .'):00 p.
m., and then we can all go together to the
C, B. & Q. There are, of course, other
routes to St. Joseph, but there are no better,
and to all go together will be so much more
pleasant. The social times that we have
going and coming, and between times at the
convention, are really the best part of the
whole proceedings, so let us all go to Chicago
and then all together take the same train.
If you buy through tickets before reaching
Chicago, be sure and get them via. theC, B.
& Q. and then you will be all right.

The Bacon House at St. Joseph is to be
the headquarters for bee-keepers. As I said
about the railroads, so I say about the hotels^
There are. of course, other good hotels in St.
Joseph, but bee-keepers would never be hap-
py if scattered around among half a dozen
hotels. The Bacon House is first-class in
every respect and reduced rates are given to
bee-keepers, and in consideration of this the
proprietor would like to have them crowd up
as much as possible. If you have some ac-
quaintance with whom you are willing to
room, or possibly sleep in the same bed, in-
form the clerk at once, as all these things
will help them to take care of the crowd.
To all who are willing to do this the rates
will be only $1.50 or $1.25 per day. Those
who "want the house " must not expect this
reduction. I have written the proprietor
that he will find us one of the easiest crowds
to get along with that he has ever had in his
house.

I think no mistake was made in deciding
to hold the meeting at St. Joseph, nor in
electing Bro. Abbott for President. He has
worked hard and faithfully, and it looks now
as though he had aroused the bee-keeping
public and that success would crown his ef-
forts. The Progressive remarks that the
convention will be well " edited," as all of
the Western editors, as well as Bro. Holter-
man of Canada will be present.

eXXRT^OTED.

A Seat for Bee - Keepers.

I have never yet had a specially prepared
seat to use in the apiary. I often use a hive
cover, sitting upon its edge ; of course, this
is not the most comfortable seat in the

246

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

world, but there is such a dislike, perhaps it
is a prejudice, against having anything to
carry around the apiary, to have to look it
up and bring it where wanted each time it is
needed, that I have never attempted any-
thing of the kind. When rearing queens I
often felt the need of a seat. I would get
down on my knees, then sit on my feet, and
finally sit flat down on the ground just as a
baby sits on the floor, and finally, rather
than be bothered with carrying around a
seat, I put all of my queen-rearing hives up
on stilts or tall legs, and thus was able to
manipulate them in a standing position. I
once made a sort of stand, with a handle to
carry it by, to use in hanging frames on
when examining a colony. I used it a little
wWile when it was "new," but time soon
found me setting the first frame removed on
end or edge by the side of the hive, and the
stand went into the rubbish heap. I have
always felt that a seat would share a similar
fate. I will say, however, that I have just
read the description of a seat that almost
tempts me to make one another year. It is
given by C. W. Dayton in the Progressive,
and reads as follows : —

"First get a good strong box about ten
inches in measure of each of its lateral di-
mentions. It needs a back which is sloping
like that of a rocking chair. Cut an inch-
thick board, eight inches wide at one end
and taper to three inches at the other. Put
the wide end down and nail firmly to the
lower edge of the box. As it passes the up-
per edge of the box it is nailed again, but an
inch-strip is put under to maintain the back-
wark pitch.

The back should extend above the box
about twenty inches and the upper end con-
tain a two-inch hole as a handle to carry it
by and grasp without stooping. The upper
half of the front side is left open to hold
tools which may be tossed into it while sit-
ting. I also bore a hole in the upper end of
the back to receive the handle of an umbrel-
la after the crook has been screwed off.
Then, to secure stability, four pieces of
three-eighths rod iron are inserted into cor-
res[)onding holes in the bottom, so that
placing a foot heavily upon the seat the rods
are driven into the ground. These rods,
when not needed, are carried inside."

Starvation Not the Cause of Bee Paralysis.

" I see on page i:>7 of the American Bee
Journal that Prof. Cook thinks that starva-
tion is partly or wholly the cause of bee-
paralysis. Now, I don't like to dispute such
good authority on bee matters as the Pro-
fessor is, but I know that starvation is not
the cause of the disease known as ' paralysis'
in this part of the country, for I have col-

onies that have from .W to 75 pounds of hon-
ey now, that are badly afl'ected with that dis-
ease, and it is almost always my strongest
and best colonies that are affected first. Of
course feeding will check it, but it will reap-
pear almost as soon as the feeding is stop-
ped, or if there should come a sudden flow
of honey, it will always check it.

I have had this disease in my apiary ever
since I came to this county (Lampasas), four
years ago, and from what I can find out, it
had been here for several years before I
came, for several of the old-time bee-keep-
ers told me when I came here that I could
not keep bees in this county, saying that the
ants and moth-worms would destroy them.
All said that the bees would gather lots of
honey, but that ants would eat the bees in
the summer after the weather became hot,
and leave the hive full of honey. But I had
come to this country to make bee-keeping a
speciality, and would not believe such fool-
ishness, and the ants and moths have given
me no trouble, but the disease known as bee
paralysis has, and I am sure it was this dis-
ease that was causing the trouble instead of
ants and moth-worms, for I have had several
of those old-timers to come into my apiary
and say to me, ' Why, see here, Smith, the
ants are carrying them off ?' When the
truth was, it was only the dead and sick bees
that the ants were carrying off." — L. B.
Smith in A^n. Bee Journal.

Why the Subscription Price of Class Jour-
nals Must be Hip^h.
A month or two ago this subject was intro-
duced into bee journalism by some subscri-
ber of the American Bee Journal complain-
ing of the poor quality of paper used. The
explanation was that the price of the journal
would not allow of a better grade being used.
The Review commented on this and advised
a raise in price or the addition of a supply
trade. Bro. York quoted what the Review
said, but declined to engage in the supply
business— doesn't wish his readers to have a
chance to say that he recommends an article
simply because he has it to sell. As to a
raise in price — well, he has asked his readers
to say what they think of it. Commenting
on this topic, the Progressive Bee-Keeper
says : " When one tries to give two dollars'
worth for a dollar, he has lost sight of busi-
ness interests, and a reaction will come
sooner or later." And then Bro. Leahy goes
on to advise against the addition of a supply
business to an unprofitable publication, or
vice rersa, with the hope that success will
follow. I think he is correct. I doubt if a
journal ever became a permanent success
that had for its prime object the booming of
its owner's supply trade, or a supply trade

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

247

became profitable that was engaged in be-
cause the one who started it had a journal in
which to advertise the new venture. It is
true that publishing, manufacturing and
dealing in supplies have been successfully
combined, but the men at the head of such
establishments have been peculiarly adapted
for the management of such a combination,
which has usually come about of "itself,"
so to speak. But instead of pursuing this
subject further myself, I will introduce an
editorial from a late issue of the Trade
Press, a journal devoted especially to the in-
terests of class journals. Its editor says: —

" An Eastern trade journal publisher
writes ; ' Very few trade journals are get-
ting from their subscribers the bare cost of
the manufacture of the white paper.' This
is, perhaps, true — true, at least, of many
publications. But it is not the fault of the
subscribers. It is the fault, pure and simple,
of the publishers of the journals about which
the statement is true. When the publisher
of a journal supposed to Contain news and
technical information obtainable in no other
paper, competes in subscription price with a
country weekly, filled with patent boiler-
plate matter, printed with worn out type on
news-print, it is natural he will lose money
on his subscription list. There are weekly
and monthly trade journals which charge $.5
and $6 a year subscription. Such do not
lose money on subscribers. Of course, the
plea is made that competition of journals of
your own class makes it impossible to charge
the proper price. True, two papers of equal
size and value in contents, one at a subscrip-
tion price of $1 and the other at $2, the first
would catch the subscribers. But these are
not the conditions. Where the trade journal
loses money on subscriptions' it is usually
due to the abnormal size of the paper, the
great preponderance of advertising pages,
made up of full and half-page ads at low
rates, making the printer, paper and press
bills out of all proportion to the subscripi,-
tion price. It is this that kills the profit on
the subscription list. Small ads, high rates
of advertising and subscription, and a small
sized paper, filled with the best of valuable
technical matter, is what makes a solid and
permanently profitable paper. Once estab-
lished on the opposite basis it may seem im -
possible to change, and yet if your paper has
any hold on its readers you will be aston-
ished how few discontinue subscription be-
cause of a raise in rates. With most busi-
ness men, the price of subscription is not
near so much a consideration as is the ques-
tion whether a paper contains in each issue
something they consider worth reading, and
which may be of value to them. There is
more money in $1,000 subscribers at .f? per
subscriber than 8,000 at $1, and the higher
your subscription price the more valuable
is the paper for advertisers, for a subscriber
who pays a good price for a paper values and
uses it according to the cost. The Trade
Press is ' harping ' on this string a little

strong, in the hope that a readjustment of
subscription rates for trade journals may in
due time be brought about."

There is one sentence in the above that
pretty nearly contains the pith of the whole
matter; it is the following: "Small ads,
high rates of advertising and subscription,
and a small sized paper, filled with the best
of technical matter, is what makes a solid
and permanently profitable paper." I have
proved the truth of the above in the case of
the Review, as it is exactly the plan upon
which I try to conduct it. I have also learned
that, if a paper has any hold whatever upon
its readers, a reasonable and necessary raise
in price causes but few of them to give up
the paper. There is also another point that
is worthy of consideration, viz., that "With
most business men, the price of subscription
is not near so much a consideration as is the
question whether a paper contains in each
issue something they consider worth read-
ing."

Perhaps some will wonder of what partic-
ular interest all this can be to bee-keepers.
It is just this : the success of bee-keeping
has been, and is yet, largely dependent upon
the dissemination of knowledge through the
medium of bee journals ; the better the jour-
nals the greater will be the success of their
readers, and it is not to their interest that
the price of journals shall be forced down,
or remain so low, that the journals will not
be as good as it is possible to make them.

Salt and Sulphur Don't Cure Bee Paralysis
— The Fault is in the ftueen.

" I notice your mention of sulphur for
' bee-paralysis.' Sulphur was no cure in my
hands, and I tried it in eve^y conceivable
way and extent : also salt. A change of the
queen has cured in every instance of some
80 colonies — last season and this. Some dis-
eased colonies which went through the win-
ter showed it again last spring. It appears
to be caused by imperfect queens, which be-
come imperfect through extensive egg-lay-
ing.

I have seen the disease in Iowa, but it was
slightly different from the California kind.
Here it usually attacks a colony about the
time it gets populous enough for the surplus
receptacles. Then the colony gradually
weakens until the surplus receptacles will
not be occupied, and they are taken off as
empty as when put on. Even in au abun-
dant honey-flow they are unable to get much
ahead, and often are unable to gather their
daily food. It begins gradually, so that by
keeping a few newly-reared queens they may
be introduced as soon as the first symptoms
appear, and avoid very great loss.

248

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEi*

I do not discredit the statements of those
who have recommended salt and sulphur,
but I write this for those who having tried
those remedies with failure may try the su-
persedure. Caging the queen for awhile, or
in any way restricting her egg-laying, seems
to be influential. Colonies which lose bees
rapidly in summer, lose none in winter.
This is the same in Iowa."— C. W. Dayton
in Am. Bee Journal.

Are Brace Combs Really Needed 1
We have labored for years to get rid of the
nuisance of brace combs. We have invent-
ed honey boards above which the bees sel-
dom come with these pesky combs, and we
have tinkered away at the width, and depth,
and spacing, of the top bars until we can
pretty nearly induce the bees not to put any
brace combs above the top bars, and now
comes friend Doolittle and says that these
same brace combs that have given us so
much trouble are really a benefit, as the bees
can climb into the supers so easy by using
the combs as ladders, that work is com-
menced much sooner in the sections as the
result of allowing the combs to remain.
Here is a part of what he has to say on the
subject in the American Bee Journal.

" But their greatest advantage appeared
when I came to put on the sections, for the
bees seemed to consider them as little lad-
ders on which to climb up into the sections,
for it is a very noticeable fact that the bees
entered the sections much the sooner where
these brace combs were left than they did
those where they had been removed ; and, if
I correctly remember, I so wrote in the
American Bee Journal at the time, advising
all to remove the brace or burr combs from
the bottom of the supers, but not from the
frames.

The next year I tried the same experiment
again, and so on for several years, until at
last I became thoroughly convinced that
these combs added largely to my crop of
comb honey by leading the bees into the
sections much sooner than they otherwise
would go.

Now, some may say that it is of no use get-
ting the bees into the sections as soon as the
first honey comes in ; but I claim that this
has very much to do with our crop of comb
honey. It is not that the first three or four
pounds of honey stored in the sections could
be sold for so much cash that I wish it
placed in the sections, although that might
be quite an incentive where a person kept
500 colonies, the same amounting to about a
ton of honey in that case ; but all my past
experience teaches me that, for every pound
of honey stored in the brood-nest at the com-
mencement of the season, or honey harvest,
there will bo five pounds less stored in tlie
sections that year. Let the bees once com-
mence to store honey in the brood-nest thus

early in the season, and they are loth to en-
ter the sections at all, and, instead of giving
us lots of section honey, they will keep
crowding the queen from the brood-cells
more and more, storing them full of honey,
until, when fall comes, we have little honey
for market, and our bees in poor shape for
winter.

Then, again, these thick top-bars, which
are used to do away with these brace combs,
place a barrier between the brood combs be-
low and the sections above, instead of form-
ing ladders to lead the bees to the sections.
Who has not noticed that where an inch or
two of sealed honey intervened between the
brood in the hive and the tops of the frames,
that the bees were much more loth to go into
the sections immediately on the first appear-
ance of honey from the fields, than they
were when the brood came up all along the
top-bars of the frames ? This was one of
the claims for the contraction of brood
chambers in the interest of comb honey, that
where contraction was used the brood must
come close to the bottoms of the sections,
and, so coming, the bees were in the sec-
tions in a twinkling when the honey harvest
arrived. I doubt not but what all will be
free to admit that an inch of sealed comb
honey would be a better leader to the sec-
tions than an inch of wood, as is now pro-
posed. When we come to fully understand
this fact we shall see that, wherein these
brace combs are the means of having our
bees enter the section sooner, just in that
proportion are they of value to us.

Try the experiment, brethren, and see if,
at the end of such a trial, you will not be
willing to put up with the inconvenience
they cause you, for the sake of their great
value."

Bro. Doolittle may be correct. If the
space between the top bars and the supers is
very great, so great that the bees cannot
easily get into the supers, I suspect there is
something in what he has to say, but when
the space is only one-fourth of an inch it
does not seem as though the brace comb
would be an advantage. I one year ran out
of honey boards and was obliged to put a
dozen or more supers right down on top of
the brood frames, and 1 took particular no-
tice to see if the bees commenced work in
the supers any sooner, or if they stored any
more honey, and I could see no difference
until I came to take ofif the supers, and then
there was a " muss " between them and the
top bars, but no more honey in the sections.
If there is really any doubt on this subject,
it is another nut for our experiment stations
to crack.

There is one point, however, upon which I
do agree with Bro. Doolittle, and that is the
importance of getting the bees to make an
early start in the sections, and it is possible
that with some of the hives in use, those in

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

249

which there is a large space between the top
bars and the sections, there may be more ad-
vantage in the brace combs than some of us
imagine, but advantage or no advantage,
brace combs built against the sections or
the receptacle in which they are placed can
never be tolerated.

Flat -Bottomed Foundation Not as Liable

to Have Fish - Bone in the Comb, But

Not as Acceptable to the Bees.

As the report of Mr. Taylor's foundation
experiments for the past season appears in
this issue of the Review, it is quite appro-
priate to reproduce from the last issue of
Gleanings the following from Mr. Doolittle.

" Bees never leave the base of the cells as
they come from a foundation-mill making
foundation with fiat-bottomed cells. This
is one reason why there is never a base of
yellow wax apparent with flat-bottomed
foundation, where such is used in producing
comb honey. With foundation having the
natural-shaped base, the bees often, in times
of an excessive honey flow, add their own
wax right on to the raised part of the foun-
dation, so that this added part can he scraped
off with the honey, the foundation washed,
and the same be nearly or quite as perfect
as when given to the bees. This gave rise to
the ' fish-bone ' center in comb honey, com-
plained of when comb foundation was first
used for sections, and the flat-bottomed pro-
cess of making foundation was invented es-
pecially to overcome this 'fish-bone,' if I
am correctly informed. \Vhen bees are given
the flat-bottomed foundation, the first thing
they do is to go to work to change the base ;
and in doing this the side walls are manipu-
lated also, but just how this work is accom-
plished 1 have never been able to tell after
all the close looking I have been enabled to
do ; for, when the work is being done, the
bee has its head in the cell ; hence the vision
of curious eyes is cut off so long as it is at
work. While I prefer this foundation to all
other makes for section honey, it has two
drawbacks, which are, that this manipula-
tion of the base of the cells takes time, so
that sections filled with such foundation are
not completed quite as quickly as is the case
where the natural shaped base is used ; and
where the sections are placed on the hive be-
fore the honey flow is fully on, the bees will
mischievously work at it far more than they
will that with the natural base, often biting
and tearing it down, where the honey flow
we expected does not come, so that it is
necessary to look after the sections to see
that they are all right when the bees are
about to enter them to fill with honey, after
they have been on the liives during a season
or period of scarcity. I liave had hundreds
of sections which were filled with this foun-
dation, and which had been on the hives
during a period of scarcity of honey, the

foundation of which was eaten or gnawed
away so that only a neck of foundation, of
from a quarter to half an inch wide remained
next to the tops of the sections, while the
lower half of the foundation remained as
when put in. When honey commenced to
come in from the fields, and the bees began
to work on the foundation, as all good bees
should, it would twist about so that it would
touch the separators, and be fastened there ;
and when I expected to take off nice comb
honey, the whole thing would be spoiled by
the tearing necessary in getting the separa-
tors off. This is the worst trouble I have
with the flat-bottomed foundation ; and were
it not for this, I would never think of using
any other make in the sections. For the
brood frames I can not see where the flat-
bottomed has any advantage over that hav-
ing the natural base, while it has the disad-
vantage of taking the bees longer to manip-
ulate it ; consequently I prefer the other
makes of foundation to this for brood
frames.

[Mr. D.'s experience with flat-bottom
foundation is quite in line with our own. If
I am not mistaken, Mr. R. L. Taylor will
have soon some interesting results on this
subject in the Review. Excuse me Bro. T.,
for 'telling tales out of school.' — Ed.] "

There is no question but what the bees
change over the base of the flat-bottom cells,
and in so doing it seems as though they
change the character of the wax to a slight
extent — lighten it up and make it more like
natural comb — but it is not necessary to use
the flat-bottom foundation in order to get
thinness of base, as was shown by the earlier
experiments of Mr. Taylor reported in the
Review of last December.

Suggestions for Contributors.

On this subject, F. L. Thompson, of Col-
orado, writes to the American Bee Journal
in the following refreshing manner : —

" The editor makes a good point on page
10;>, when he asks, ' Have you discovered any
new kinks that are worth knowing ? ' Our
bee papers are already about as good as they
can be editorily, but there is plenty of room
for improvement on the part of contribu-
tors. We all know the man who successfully
runs large apiaries and attends all conven-
tions, at which he is continually letting fall
words of wisdom in the shape of kinks —
though even there he does it principally in
conversation before and after — but the bee
papers never hear from him.

It has been said that the periodicals have
gradually taken to themselves all functions
of conventions except the face to face meet-
ing. It ought to be so ; but it is not entirely
so yet, by any means. Mr. Hasty says it is
because most bee-keepers don't know how
to write. I don't believe it. It is because
they have not the right attitude of mind
toward writing of this kind. If by associa-

250

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HE VIEW.

tion of ideas a man unites in his mind the
Cent try, The Nation, or Harjjer's Monthly
with the American Bee Journal, and does
not write for the latter because he could not
for the former, that does not prevent him
from writing business letters which are plain
and to the point.

American Bee Journal needs no more style
from its contributors than a collection of
business letters would. Besides, we are
working toward a plain and simple style
even in purely literary performances ; unless
we except certan erratic schools of poetry,
which do not concern sensible people. In-
deed, one characteristic of modern style is
the absence of style. The matter is looked
to more sharply than the manner. Practi-
cal men like bee-keepers have nothing to
fear on that score. The Senate Chamber no
longer resounds with stately imitations of
Burke and Webster. It would be considered
bad taste. W. D. Howells, the greatest liv-
ing American novelist, takes particular
pains to erase all passages from his works
which sound too literary.

But, after all, it does not matter so much
in what shape the kinks come, as that we get
them all right. If a kink is spread over a
page, which might be put in a paragraph,
let us be thankful it is no worse. We want
kinks. If we don't help one another to them,
we shall not get them. The bee books con-
tain a few, but only a few ; revisons occur
too seldom, and there is not room enough
for them all, anyhow. I cannot agree with
Mr. Heddon in thinking it best to compress
everything into the smallest possible com-
pass. That is all right as a department of
bee literaturt^ ; but it would be a serious
blow to progress if it was the whole of it.
Plenty of kinks are the life and soul of bee
culture. By their aid we comprehend the
essential principles much more fully than
we otherwise could. We need such period-
icals as the Review ; but no less do we need
the American Bee Journal and Gleanings.
Concentrated food alone, weakens the diges-
tive powers.

But, it may be said, it is the business of
editors to prod up the successful men, as
they know ' who rides this hobby and who
that,' in Mr. Hutchinson's words. That may
be ; and in the essential principles of bee-
keeping this plan leaves nothing to be de-
sired ; but in the department of kinks, to
judge by results, they do not reach one one-
hundreth of the men we ought to hear from,
nor is it to be expected. To get kinks, we
must look to the number, as well as the rep-
utation, of bee-keepers. One would think
for instance, that R. L. Taylor would be an
experiment station in himself ; but one of
the first things he did on being appointed
was to ask for suggestions —not from a select
few, whose names were known — but from
everybody who is a practical bee-keeper.
Let us not forget, in our zeal at condensing,
boiling down, getting the ' cream ' — that the
' General Public ' is an old veteran at bee-
keeping. The old gentleman is occasionally
behind the times, but he knows a thing or
two.

Besides kmks and short cuts, there is an-
other department depending largely upon

the general contributor for support. You
know how provoking the bee books are some-
times. You look up something, and appa-
rently find out all about it ; then work ac-
cording to directions, and fail ; and after
finding out the right way by experience, you
look it up again, and find that it did tell you
of that point, but in such a way that you
failed to appreciate its connection with the
rest. Or, that point may have been omitted
entirely in the book. You can't expect
everything of a book. If all details were
given so as to preclude any possibility of a
mistake in any department, the result would
be a regular encyclopedia, and would defeat
its own object — people would care neither to
buy nor to read such a book. But an article
describing the process, in a back number of
the Bee Journal, would likely be much more
detailed and satisfactory than the descrip-
tion in the book ; the writer, writing from
fresh experience, and not bothered with the
desire to be brief, would probably be so im-
pressed with that particular point, that there
would be no mistake about what he meant.
There is considerable value in articles which
treat of nothing new, but only tell how some
man successfully did something.

Who will write such articles ? Not the
' veterans,' altogether ; they are too much
occupied with the ' unsolved problems ' of
apiculture ; it must be largely the rank and
file, providing, of course, they have a cer-
tain amount of experience. They should be
given in as few words as possible ; but better
too many than none at all.

Finally, let contributors remember that
they are casting bread upon the waters ;
every contribution which is a fruit of their
experience adds not only to knowledge, but
also to the desire of imparting knowledge,
and they will reap the fruits of it in learning
more of the experience of others. The ' let
us hear from all the brethren ' idea, being an
essential principle of human nature, must
be represented someivhere. It will not ' over-
board into the deep, deep sea ' yet awhile,
though a r"ozen Mr. Hastys flourish their
scissors at it. Arvada, Colo."

The one great point to be considered, when
looking at correspondence from an editor's
or reader's point of view, is does it contain
any information ? If it does, it matters not
who sends it. or whether it comes from one
or many. There was a time in bee journal-
ism when there seemed to be an attempt to
publish communications from as many cor-
respondents as possible, perhaps with the
idea to please said contributors, although I
am not certain of this, and to object to long
articles— in shorf,. to make a sort of letter
box of the journal. It is to this that Mr-
Hasty very reasonably objects. Mr. Thomp-
son is corrpct when he says that the days of
"style," so-called, that is, of stilted style,
have passed ; and Bro. York s right in saying
that an editor alone cannot make a paper,
that he must have the help of his readers.

I'HE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

251

The Nature of Bee Paralysis and Some Sug-
gestions for Its Treatment.

In the treatment of any disease it is a long
step to learn its nature. The best of any-
thing that I have seen in this line regarding
bee paralysis is an article from Mr. Getaz of
Tenn., that appeared lately in the American
Bee Journal. It is as follows : —

"Some of the readers of the Bee Journal
will be somewhat astonished to learn that
bee paralysis has always existed here, more
or less, in all or nearly all the apiaries ; at
least for seven or eight years, and probably
much longer. Nevertheless it is a fact. The
malady is much worse some years than oth-
ers, and generally much worse in the spring,
precisely when we can the least spare the
bees. Workers, drones and queens are in-
fected. I have seen drones with the symp-
toms of the disease ejected from a queen-
less hive, the same as diseased workers.
Frequently I have had queens not more than
one or two years old, disappear during the
honey flow, or ^^t some other unexpected
time. I suppose they were superseded when
found too sick to do their duty.

The first spring that my bees died in con-
siderable numbers, I thought they had been
poisoned by somebody spraying his trees too
soon. A year or two later I fed outside, and
concluded that the shiny bees, dying around
the feeders, had been daubed m the syrup,
and the others had pulled their hair in trying
to lick the syrup.

It is a fact that the diseased bees will hang
around the feeders longer than the others,
but perhaps it is because they are not strong
enough to fly in the fields.

My first eye-opener on the question, was
during a honey flow. I had accidentally left
some honey from burr combs close to the
hive, and when I came back I found the pre-
tended robbers trying to get into the hive,
and the burr combs untouched.

Well, what is the disease ? Cheshire says
it is a bacillus much smaller than the one
that produces foul brood, and of a much
slower growth. It is found in the grown
bees more than in the brood, and more in the
queen than in the workers. Cheshire calls
it Bacilbts Gaytoni, his attention having
been called to it by a Miss Gayton. Miss
Gayton thought the disease was connected
with the queen, and had succeeded in curing
it by changing of queens.

Somebody may ask here what is a bacillus?

Bacilli are microscopic ' critters ' in the
shape of a stick. These sticks grow rapidly
under favorable circumstances, and when
they reach a certain length, break into two
or more pieces. These pieces grow as well
as the first ones, and break also, and" so on
as long as there is plenty to eat, and the oth-
er circumstances are favorable.

When the feed is about to give out, the
last ' sticks,' instead of growing and break-
ing, contract themselves into egg-shaped
' spores ' These spores are to the sticks ex-
actly what the seeds are to the plants. They
can be kept like seeds perhaps for years, un-

der certain circumstances, without any
change, and then when placed in the right
conditions, develop into sticks again, and
these sticks multiply like the original ones
as long as they are favorably placed to do
so.

Foul brood is caused by a bacillus called
Bacillus alvei, which develops rapidly in the
brood, but seemingly under diflficultiesin the
body of the grown bees, though it is found
there also. The spores are transported from
one cell to another, also one hive to another,
by the bees, and even the apiarist. The dis-
ease can be prevented from spreading to the
healthy hives by spraying the diseased bees
with some antiseptic (phenol or salicylic
acid). The operator is also to wash his
hands and instruments carefully.

But these spores cannot live exposed to the
air very long, some say not more than a few
hours. On the other hand, they will keep
their vitality almost indefinitely in honey,
and when honey containing spores is fed to
larval bees, the ' sticks ' develop at once with
an astonishing rapidity.

Owing to the impossibility of reaching
everywhere into the hive, and in all the hon-
ey, with antiseptics, the treatments with such
have generally (not always) failed.

There is a similar disease attacking the
silk-worms, but of a more slow growth, and
developing itself in the moth as well as in
the worm. If the attack is strong, that is,
if the bacilli are numerous, the worm will
succumb before spinning its cocoon, but
usually dies in the cocoon. Often the silk-
moth comes out of the cocoon and lays her
eggs as usual. In such cases spores are
found not only in the body of the silk-moth,
but also in the eggs ; and of course these
eggs hatch diseased worms.

Generally, the spores come from the ex-
creta of the diseased worms, or the putrefied
bodies of the dead ones, and are swallowed
by other worms when eating.

By what proceeds, it seems as though bee
paralysis is much more like silk-worm dis-
ease than foul brood. Like silk-worm dis-
ease, bee paralysis develops itself gradually,
and attains its full development in the grown
insect. I have never seen any brood that
did not look perfectly healthy, but for all
that it might be diseased already — only on
account of the slow development of the
Bacillus Gaytoni, the disease would not
show itself until much later.

The silk-worm disease is disastrous ; bee
paralysis comparatively not. This may be
due to the fact that as bees void their excre-
ments, and also die outside of the hive (ex-
cept in winter), the spores contained in their
bodies are generally carried out. I do not
know whether the queen transmits the dis-
ease to the brood by her egg or not, but the
fact that removing the queen has often
cured the disease, seems to point in that di-
rection.

What can be done ? The treatment used
to cure silk-worm disease cannot be applied
to bees. The chief part of it consists in a
microscopical examination of the eggs to
ascertain if there are any spores in them,
and reject all but the healthy ones.

252

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE*

Two processes suggest themselves : Since
the disease resides chiefly in the grown bees
it is probable that salicylic acid administered
in syrup, or some other antisepic, would de-
stroy the disease. The other consists in re-
moving the queen to be sure she cannot
transmit the disease to her brood through
her eggs or otherwise ; and at the same time
spraying the bees and combs with some anti-
septic (salicylic acid, phenol, sulphur, or
perhaps salted water) in order to destroy
what spores might be in the hive, and repeat-
ing the process until all the diseased bees
should be gone.

The bees themselves help a good deal in
checking the disease, by ejecting and liter-
ally carrying out the diseased bees ; and
since bees void their excrements outside,
and also die generally outside of the hive,
most of the spores are thus carried away.
Somebody has insisted, however, that the
dead bees ought to be collected and burnt,
so as to avoid any danger from that source,

I have not tried anything yet.

Knoxville, Tenn., July 20."
[In a later issue of the Journal Mr. Getaz
contributes the following : — Ed.]

" I must say positively and emphatically
that Prof. Cook is mistaken when he says
that feeding will cure bee paralysis. The
disease is in all the apiaries of this section
of the country, more or less ; and been in
mine since I bought my first bees. It has
shown itself as well in fed colonies as in
others, and often in strong, well-provisioned
colonies as much as in weaker ones.

It is early in the spring that the malady is
the worst. It is shown by a large number,
often the majority of bees, being black, or
rather hairless and shiny, as if they had been
polished. At the same time they are slug-
gish, and as if half paralyzed in their move-
ments. Those in which the disease is less
advanced, show it by uneasiness, frequent
scratching and twisting of their wings and
legs, as if they were itching. As the season
advances, the old, shiny bees gradually die
out, brood-rearing increases, young bees are
born by the thousand, more or less diseased ;
but in all cases not so much as the old ones,
or at least they do not show it so much. La-
ter on the number of young and healthy, or
at least comparative healthy bees increase
considerably, and the management of the
hive, if I may use that term, falls into their
hands. They soon realize that something is
wrong with the old bees, and proceed at once
to throw them out of the hive. This, in this
locality, and with the average colonies, oc-
curs during May and June. The diseased
bees are thrown out gradually, occasion-
ally in large quantities, and the process is
kept up as long as other bees show signs of
the disease.

During the summer bees wear out too rap-
idly to have time to show much of the sick-
ness ; young bees come in rapidly, and as
the season advances less and less diseased
bees are seen, until when the winter comes,
none but apparently healthy bees are in the
apiary.

By that time the inexperienced (?) apiarist
thinks that the disease has run out of itself,
or if he has applied salt or sulphur, or some-
thing else, he imagines that he has found a
sure cure, and immediately writes so to some
bee paper. But, alas, for his hopes — the fol-
lowing spring, black, shiny bees will be as
numerous as the previous years.

In a recent article in Gleanings, Dr. Brown
of Georgia, describes some disease of bees
that he thinks was caused by poisonous hon-
ey from the yellow jasmine. According to
his description, his bees must have the bee
paralysis ; the fact that the yellow jasmine
is in bloom at the time the bee paralysis is
most shown, does not prove that the poison-
ous ( ?) honey is the cause of it. We have no
yellow jasmine here, and yet our bees show
the same symptoms as his do.

Knoxville, Tenn.. Aug. 24."

The Changed Conditions in Bee Cnltnre and

How They Should Be Met,

Over a considerable portion of the United
States has come a change as regards the cer-
tainty of the honey crop. Only so short a
time ago as when I began bee-keeping there
was as much certainty of a honey crop as of
a crop of potatoes. Some years the yield
was much better than that of other years,
but a crop of some kind was almost a cer-
tainty. This is no longer true. I presume
that this change has been brought about by
the clearing up of the country. The cutting
away of the forests destroys a very impor-
tant source of nectar and brings about cli-
matic changes. For years I have believed
in specialty, and have argued for it, and I
still believe that the highest success is at-
tained only by specialty, but I am forced to
admit that there are localities where a poor
man cannot depend upon bee-keeping alone
for his support. It must become a side-issue
if followed at all. Even in those localities
that are blessed with a reasonable certainty
of a crop, the specialist must be ever on the
alert for improved methods. To show that
I am not alone in holding these views, and
because of the good advice it contains, I
copy the following from Farm, Stock and
Home. It was written by one of the Re-
view's correspondents, Mr. B. Taylor :

" We have now had four seasons of light
honey crops. In the early years of the set-
tlement of Minnesota a good honey crop,
when the colonies were properly managed,
was almost a sure thing. A great crop of
wheat was not more certain, but there has
already a great change taken place in both
the wheat and honey crops. The bread for

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

253

he people of Southern Minnesota is now
chiefly made from whea' made in Dakota
and other distant parts. Who could have
dreamed of this thirty years ago. The ques-
tion now is : Can any possible skill in cul-
ture restore old-time crops of honey ? We
fear not. There have, owing no doubt to the
ignorance of greedy man, changes taken
place in the country through false methods
of agriculture that have already made
changes in rainfall and other climatic con-
ditions that cannot be easily restored. One
particular noticeable to me, is the fact that
the millions of birds of various kinds, whose
songs used to be heard from daylight till
dark, are now mostly gone from us, many
species having entirely disappeared. In
wandering through the woods lately we were
struck by the solitude — no cherry bird songs.
* * *

The bee-keeper will now, in our opinion,
have to recognize the changed conditions
and use more skillful ways. We have for
many years believed that we could get a crop
of surplus honey that would pay well for the
labor expended, even in what we call poor
seasons, and we have this year proved it to
be possible. The average bee keeper, with
old methods and ordinary care, got no sur-
plus white honey here this year. While we,
by extra care and new means, secured fifty
pounds of white comb honey per colony,
spring count. The means by which this was
accomplished was by having strong colonies
ready for the only considerable honey flow,
that of basswood ; and then having plenty of
supers readly filled with sections of drawn
comb. We have these combs made the year
previous by giving the colonies sections filled
with comb foundation. The honey is then
extracted from all unfinished white ones and
from all dark ones. The sections are then
returned to the supers and then set out in
the evening of a warm day to be cleaned by
the bees of every particle of honey. The
combs are then leveled to equal thickness
with the comb leveler and kept in a secure
place for use the next year.

This year the flow from basswood was fair
and lasted about twelve days. Now, with
supers of sections filled full of foundation
the bees in this short time will finish but lit-
tle comb honey ; but with plenty of empty
combs in which there is nothing to do but
empty the loads of nectar the combs will be
filled and finished in a surprisingly short
time. The same is true of extracted honey
where we have extracting combs ready to be
filled.

We are confident that bee-keepers whose
object is honey for home use would get far
more paying results by working for extract-
ed honey : it takes far less skill than comb
and is superior to it in point of health for
daily use, provided it is cured properly.

We found the swarms that had large stores
of honey when set out this spring and needed
no doctoring gave the earliest swarms and
by far the largest yields of surplus. This is
not saying that feeding may not be done
with greater profit in proper circumstances,
but the average bee-keeper is poorly able to
judge of such proper circumstances, and the
best policy is to let the bees fill their hives

well with fall honey where possible. Where
there is no fall flow of course feeding will be
in order, but to be safe it should be done as
early as the middle of September, and earli-
er would be better. In our own apiary all
supers were taken ott" at the end of basswood.
The extra strong colonies will be given an
extra hive of extracting combs ; these combs
are the same size as the brood combe, and
when filled will be used to supply any col-
onies that may be found light in stores at
the end of the honey season."

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

iTTiND now the reports of the Baldridge
f\ style of treating foul brood are begin-
ning to come in. There must be more
than an ordinary wire cloth cone on the
hive to be treated, else some of the bees will
occasionally get back again (no great harm)
and extra-enterprising robbers will find the
way in — and that won't do at all.

And so, because his bees swarmed little
last year and none this year, Heddon thinks
he is having cheerful success in breeding
out the swarming impulse. We thought he
had an older head on his shoulders than that.
Look here ; my swarmy bees didn't swarm
any to speak of this year ; and I haven't been
doing any thing at all to hinder them, or
breed out their impulses. Only a penny to
choose 'twixt Heddon who works and Hasty
who plays — and the playful boy will get it,
if you don't look out, brother H.

If friend John Phin was in a courting way,
and he should meet his fair one some morn
carrying a poodle, I just wonder if he would
have the courage of his convictions, and say,
" Good morning. Miss Sweetsie ; I am de-
lighted to meet you, and your mongrel dog."
As to the word " cross," it can and will be
used to some extent. In some sentences it
is all right ; in others it has the disadvantage
of being ambiguous. No one who takes
pride in his apiary likes to speak of his bees
as " cross " bees — bulk of mankind too ready
to go for the wrong meaning.

I fear the method of fumigating recom-
mended by Mr. Doolittle seldom or never
makes a very good job of it, and often re-
sults in nearly total failure. I never trust
mine without an air pipe, and diligent blow-
ing with a new smoker. Am none too well
satisfied with my results either. Glad to see
from friend Van Deusen (Review, 214) a

254

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

method which is evidently much ahead of
the old way, whether it is good enough to
stand as a finality or not. At least it won't
make the bee man think he has burned some
sulphur when really he has properly burned
almost none. Just a big iron ring, at a dull
red heat, laid on a stick of roll brimstone —
no coals or ashes anywhere around for melt-
ed sulphur to hide in.

AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Perhaps as good a treatment as any for
the^. B. K. this time will be to take a short
dip into each of the original articles of the
July and August numbers.

Charles D. Hill, Dennison, ()., speaks very
highly of 8 half depth frames, worked direct-
ly over 7 full frames, for comb honey. He
uses no excluder until surplus time. At that
date the half frames will be mostly filled
with early honey ; but some colonies will
have considerable brood in them. The sec-
tions are then put between the half frames
and the full sized ones, the queen being care-
fully left below and kept there with an ex-
cluder. A. B.K.,10\. Barring an untimely
cold spell to chill the lifted brood, this looks
like level-headed tactics.

On page 100 is a pretty illustration — Globe
Academy, Globe, North 'Carolina — a charm-
ing bit of natural scenery, touched by man
just enough to lighten it up, and not enough
to spoil it. The student who sends the pic-
ture and letter (J. C. Moore) says that near-
ly every farmer keeps a few bees, but frame
hives have hardly got there yet ; and the
nearest Italians are ten miles away. Think
of that, ye brethren, ye who are already la-
menting that pure German bees can hardly
be had any more, even for experimental
purposes. Say, keep the Italian bees away,
and so have one national preserve where the
old fashioned bee can be had —
" As long as the Globe on its axis turns round."

A. B, K. has not been much given to illus-
trations heretofore, and so this picture seems
to hint of stepping ahead.

Ed. Jolley, Franklin, Pa., handles Stim-
ulative Feeding, and gets in the following
sensible remark :

"It is unwise to feed when there are any
symptoms of spring dwindling ; for by a little
coaxing their ambition will rise, and they will
start brood beyond what their decreasing num-
bers can care for ; and the dead brood thus occa-
sioned will be more to the detriment of the col-
ony than all the extra bees that a colony in this
condition can rear. A. B. K., 99.

On the well worn question. Does Bee-

Keeping Pay ? Charles H. Thies, Steelville,

111., reminds us that farmers are not going
to leave off wheat raising, notwithstanding
they have to sell for 48 cents a bushel — and
so I suppose if we can't do any better than
five cents for extracted, we are to grin and
bear it. Page 98.

Friend Barnum, of Denver, reviews a pre-
vious number on page 97, and remarks that
stimulative feeding will not die for some
time yet. The gist of this matter is, I think,
that we should look out for that stimulation
which does not stimulate. Folks naturally
assume that stimulation would stimulate of
course. It transpires that often it does just
the other thing. Then of course the pen-
dulum swings the other way, and may swing
too far, and need to come back a bit.

Chester Belding, Middletown, N. Y., pro-
poses on page 119 to postpone extracting as
long as possible, convinced that his *' too
previous " efforts last year checked brood
rearing in July and August. The longer
honey can be kept in the hive (if you don't
get caught with your dish wrong side up in
a honey shower) the better the honey, the
better the bees, and the better all around.
Friend Belding also laments a batch of queen
cells that two-thirds of them turned up de-
funct, in spite of what seemed to be suf-
ficient efforts to have them O. K, Takes
queen breeders to manipulate queen cells ;
we u'ns must expect a " rocky road to Dub-
lin."

The following from page 118 needs no
comment, but still we may have a quiet
smile over it — which friend Carr may join in
when he is a few years older.

•' I notice that the instant that I raise the cov-
er they pitch at anything that is black. I dis-
covered this on June 22nd at about three p. m. ;
and before I went to bod that night I had paint-
ed everything a different color."

On page 117 friend Jolley tells the tale of
the origin of an apiary. Grandpa killed a
bear ; and, lo, bees in his wool, and honey
on his paws — inferences and consequences
very obvious. And when we wonder why
the story is in such stilted English we dis-
cover an occult rhyme, running — hair, bear
— came, game — trees, bees — come, hum, etc.

On the same page W. T. Collins, of Indian
Fields, N. Y., helps the editor beg for con-
tributions. I suspect that the time has gone
by when a leading journal in any department
of human thought or effort can exhibit much
of that sort of mendicancy without doing
itself great harm and wrong.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

255

On page 116 friend Thies gives his own A,
B, C, experience in getting a ten dollar
queen killed — reliable plan — make the col-
ony queenless ten days beforehand ; cut out
the cells, but miss one ; then chuck in your
queen. Same article gives evidence that
squints in the direction of the transportation
of eggs from hive to hive. A colony left
long queenless for experimental purposes
turned up with a young queen, and the new-
ly opened cell from which she emerged was
there. Interesting — but then a wandering
queen might have come in, and after laying
a half dozen or so of eggs might have been
killed.

A. C. Amos, Delhi, N. Y., on page 115 says
queen-clipping scissors should be blunt
ended. Also hold the lady between thumb
and finger in such a way that you will keep
the wings above the fingers, and the legs be-
low them. No F. F. bee man at present ad-
vocates cutting off the latter members,
though many (I fear) practice it,

Mexico on the brain is what ails H. E.
Hill, Titusville, Pa.— 12,000 colonies run for
beeswax in adobe pots on Mexico's hills,
where honey brush is like wool on a sheep's
back. Feed back the honey in the dry sea-
son to get more comb built to render up.
Don't have to export the wax, because the
Catholic church frowns on anything except
pure beeswax for its immense supply of can-
dles ; and prices are high. Certainly very
much wilder schemes than this have some-
times got afloat. See page 113, •

THE General round -Up

What do you suppose Doolittle has been
saying lately ? Says that .50 cents a hive
would'nt hire him to have done what a lot of
us are laboriously trying to accomplish — re-
place the burr combs with thick bars and no
burrs. Mr. D. thinks them better than Hill's
device for wintering, and worth more than
the trouble they make to encourage bees in
going above in honey harvest time, Ameri-
can Bee Journal, 262, I can go part way
with him. The bees actually kept in some
apiaries may be reluctant enough to go
above that it may pay to preserve burrs as a
persuader ; but I can't say I think a man
who runs for comb honey ought to keep such
bees at all. A couple sections of drawn
comb should be persuasion enough, when-
ever there is honey coming in. Reluctance
above and beyond this ought to lead to some
royal head-pinching.

Racket is still kept up because the names
of journals are not given in full, when quot-
ing in such papers as this. To help keep
peace in the family I think I might stand it
to quote a name pretty fully one time, and
then initials in subsequent quotations. That
would give bran new readers the means of
knowing what the initials stand for, and al-
low me to economize space a little too.

On a part of its pages A. B. J. gives a new
look to its face by casting out the dividing
rules, and throwing two columns into one.
Did'nt like it at first peep, but got used to it
very quickly.

Friend Dayton thinks no ear can distin-
guish between the roar of contentment and
the roar of discontentment. A. B. J., 277.
Perhaps — but then who knows what some
bee boy may find out yet ?

As a queen-finding device for use in diifi-
cult cases when the combs are crowded with
bees. Dr. Miller gives one which is new to
me on page 138 A. B. J. Bring on extra
hive, and set the combs all two and two —
each pair quite close together, and quite a
space from the next pair. After hanging in
this way a little while the bees will mostly be
on the outside, there not being room for
them elsewhere : but the queen probably will
be in one of the inside spaces, and so may
found with tolerable ease if you work quick-
ly and deftly enough. If left long enough
the bees on the pairs where there is no queen
will begin to show excitement.

Randolph Graden, page 150, A. B. J., re-
ports wasps and hornets as suffering greatly
from foul brood. Possibly this observation
should be repeated, and in such a way that
we might have at least one observer that is
an expert in such matters.

To Italianize an apiary among impure
neighbors -Jennie Atchley advises raising
some drones in the fall, after surrounding
bees have all killed their drones, and doing
the job then. Little danger of crossing, and
no honey crop sacrificed. A. B. J., 174. Tip
top — if you don't miss of it some way.

Complaint about heavy damages from bee
paralysis cantinues to come in, mainly from
warm localities. A writer in A. B. J., 179,
thinks every queen- breeder shipping queens
while the disease remains in the apiary
ought to be blacklisted. May be he's right.

John Balmer, of Wash., having a 2,300
mile journey by rail to take with his bees,
followed the up-to-date methods of proceed-

256

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW.

ing ; and yet four colouies out of 14 perish-
ed, and the rest suffered severely. A. B. J.,
183. Perhaps 2,300 miles in hot weather is
too big a boo for any colt— and then again,
perhaps just a trifle of something additional
or different would have caused them to come
through in iine order.

Alley thinks the prompt destruction (and
removal also, I presume) of the first few
bees in a colony that show bee-paralysis will
stop the progress of the disease. Apicul-
turist, page 103. No harm to try it certain-
ly ; but I suspect he has been misled by col-
onies that would have recovered without any
treatment whatever.

Friend Alley's advertisement, on page 94
Api. (and elsewhere) claims substantially
that his bees are foul-brood proof. Hardly
the honest thing to tell young beginners, who
know no better than to swallow it whole.
Very likely in a good honey flow vigorous
bees have sometimes thrown off foul brood
infection without help, when the disease was
in its milder phase.

And this is Alley's way of introducing vir-
gin queens. Colony three days queenless—
half an hour before dark— entrance plugged
with a plantain leaf— tobacco smoke well
diffused through the hive— queen dropped in
at the top. Recently succeeded in 46 cases
out of 47. Api., 90.

Mr. Alley also thinks his plan of keeping
a stock of qiteens ready for order better than
the section nuclei plan recently circulated.
Just a frame filled with 35 nursery cages
hung in a queenless hive. Ajji., 85. And
the time to cut the drone comb out of frames
is just when bees are killing their drones.
Api., 88. Build worker comb after that if
any. Capital— except in the cases where the
holes are left to be filled next year.

Dr. Miller has been doing some experi-
ment-station work, as you may learn from
Gleanings, (517. How to have foundation-
built combs fast to the frame all round.
To make a long story short, it is to put in a
sheet of foundation, and fasten it all round ;
and then at IX inches from the bottom bar
cut out a half inch strip to allow for the
expansion and sagging in working out. A
nice little kink about it is, don't open the
space clear across ; leave an inch by each
end bar (no sagging there) else they'll have
an open space clear down to the lower cor-
ner. Creditable to the Dr., and no doubt
serviceable to the apiarist /or a w/u7e. But
if I am correct nothing can cure bees of their

habit of running down to the bottom to
pinch up a little wax for use in emergencies.
In a few years they will have the space open,
no matter how solid you fix it at first.
Richards, Lucas Co., Ohio, Sept. 3, '94.

ADVERTISEMENTS

fCAN still furnish TESTED ftTJEENS
of this year's rearing at $1.00 each.
These are all the qr.pons I now have,
but I probably have enough of them to
fill all orders that will come, even as late
as it will be safe to ship them.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SUPPLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St, N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOU, 1894-

Before you purchase, look to your mterest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. liKOWN,
1-88-tf. AuRusta, Georgia.

FALCON SECTIONS

Are acknowledgod to bo

Tb^ Very Best or) the /A^'Het.

They are the original " Polished Sections."

Hives and Winter Cases.

ALL STYLES. LOWEST PRICES.

BEE SUPPLI ES

Of all kinds clieap.

Five i)er cent, discount on all prices in our
catalogue (excepting shipprnw cases) until De-
cember Ist Four per cent, in December. Ihree
per cent, in January. Two per cent, in teb-

'T\T\LO(iUE an-l copy of the AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER free. Address

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,

Jamestovrn, N. If.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

257

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-16t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR OATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Libera/ Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention the Reuiew.

HUSTLERS !

Read what one of the largest bee-keepers of
this country says. "The queens (two doz.) came
promptly. They are an extra fine lot. The bees
are finely marked, gentle, and HUSTLERS
when it comes to honey. 1 have no trouble in
picking them out now from over 600 colonies."
W. L. CooGSHALL, West (Troton, N. Y., October
17, 18P3.

Prices for queens bred for business from the
above strain, 5 - BANDED, are $1.00 for single
queen ; six for S4.50 ; oue dozen, $8.50. Single
queous WARRANTED purely mated. I Guar-
antee all queens to arrive safely and to be GOOD
RELIABLE queens Send for free circular.
Draw M. O. on, and address

J. B. CASE, Port Orange,

11-93-tf Vol. Co., Florida.

I Names of Bee - Keepers. |

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

13 m

BBBBBBEBBBHEiCnBEiBEEEIBBBBEE

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at 82.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

Headless (^ixz^tis.

I only mean that in my yard all queens be-
come "headless" unless their bees prove to be
gentle, beautiful and great honey gatherers. I
have both the tliree and five-banded varieties,
bred in separate yards, twelve miles apart.
Warranted queens only 60 cts. each; tested, 90
cts. Strong, two-frame nuclei. $1 90 each.
Three-'rame, $2.35; four-frame, $2.80. Safe ar-
rival guaran.teed.

l-94-12t. J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.

Please mention the Review.

mm ou[[Ns ffom T[m,

MY BEES cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS,
BEAUTY AND GENTLENESS. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed.

Untested Queens— March, April and May—
$1.00 each. 150 Fine Tested Queens for early
orders, $1.50 each. Order early. Send for Price-
List. J. D. GIVENS,

4-94-6t Box 3. LISBON, TEX.

THC i»€JiJL sec roun» jit liisr 5

A Superior ^trziir; of CoNeo ItMizins

The result of thirteen years' careful breeding and selection. Tliey are gentle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter the sections readily, cap their honey the whitest,
are not inclined to swarm, and are second to none in beauty, : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of young
queens, warranted purely mated, in April and May, $1.25 each ; six for $6.00. In
June, $1.00 each; six for |.i.OO. From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $4..50.
The price of tested queens, bees by tlie pound, nuclei and full colonies given upon
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

SECTIO/S5, $2.00 per 1,000. Dovetailed Hives at bottom prices,
particulars, send for descriptive catalogue.

For full
1-94-tf

C. D. DUVALLi, Spenoerville, Mont. Co.. Maryland.

258

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

EE - F^EEPEt^S,

Send for free catalogue of 70 pages, describing
Everything Used in the Rpiavy.

est Goods at Liouiest Prices. eitVe7ffhiJago?st. Lou^sfMo^.!

Atchinson, Kan., St. Paul, Minn., Dee Moines, Dubuque, and Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and other

^'^''' 4-94-4t E. KHETCHPEt^, Hed Oak, loma.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by C. W.
Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. HuTOHiNSON, Flint, Mich.

GOLDEN

ITAUIN

QUEENS

Please mention the Review.

By Return Mall.

FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.

Bred for Business, Beauty
and Gentleness. Untested in June. $1 00; July
to October 75c each; 6 for $4.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular to

Theo. Bender^

6.94.tl

Canton, Ohio.

ntion the Reuiew

WILL BE THE-

Bee - Keepers' Head - Quarters

AT THE

St. Jos^pbf A\o., Coijveotioo.

The only Hotel in the city having Rooms with
Private Baths. Electric Bells, Pae.songer Ele
vator ; Gas Light and Steam Heat in every room.
First-class in every respect.

SPECIAL RATES of $1.50 and SI. 25

Per Day to Bee-Keepers during Convention.
E. E. BACON, Propr.,

St. Joseph, Mo.

^If you are going to —

BUY A BUZZ - SAWT,

write to the editor of the Review. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would bo glad to
make you liappy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

KNOCK DOW^N :

Yes, I have a large stock of D. T. Hives,

Supers, Frames, Sections, etc., all in the "knock

down," and ready to ship at a moment's notice.

Write at once for large catalogue and price

list of everything needed in the apiary.

£. li. KINCAID,

3-94-tf Walker, Vernon Co., Mo.

Please mention the Reuiew

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER.

Write to the editor of the Review. He has an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

Tbe Practiczil Bee - Keeper

Possesses brightness, reliability, honesty, purity
of tone, circulation, and the confidence of its
readers. In addition it is PRACTICAL from
cover to cover. Published monthly, .50 cents per
annum. Sample copy on application. The
Pbaotioal for one year and one genuine Five-
Banded Golden Italian Queen for 81.00.

THE PRACTICAL BEE-KEEPER,

Tillbury Center, Ontario, Can.

EE SUPPLIES!

, Send for free copy of II^L,"U8TR AT ED

I CATALOGUE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. O. Keivman, 147 So. Western Ave., Cklcugo.

^ Out on the Prairie,

Away from f)ther varieties of bees, I rear
Italian queens that cannot be excelled
for Beauty, Gentleness, and Business
Qualities; and I offer them for April
delivery at the following prices : —

One LTntested Queen, 65 cents ; three
for $1.75; six for $3.25. Tested, $L25;
select, tested breeder, yellow to the tip,
$1..50. Virgins. 25 cts. each. 3-94-tf

G E. DAWSON, Carlisle, Ark.

i
I
S

I
I

I
I
I

'^^■:^m^m^-:^:^M':^::^i^m::m^'w!^

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

259

If you are not using the

New Heddon Hiye

It may seem incredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results with considerable less
labor and much more comfort tlian witli other
styles of hives, but a fair and impartial consid-
eratioir of the reasons, as set forth in my circu-
lar, will show that this statement is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for the asking.
11-93-tf A. E. HOSHAL, Beameville, Ont.

Plea^" mention *he Reuieur.

UNTESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS

From the best of imported, and golden stock,
()U cts. each ; $6.00 per doz. Warranted queens,
N) cts. each. Tested queens, $1.00 each, Safe
arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

J. W. K. SHAW & CO.,
4 94. tf Loreaaville, La,

Please mention the Reuieitt.

illnstrateil AdTertlsements Attract Attention.

Cnts Furnlslieil for all illnstratlng Purposes.

Please mention the Reulew.

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on
the

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

I 1^ I

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CEATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip-top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. poi?rici?ooK; & CO.,

Jan. 1st, 1894. Watertown, "Wis.

Aet*a(r rfitfnrtvn the Review.

Home^-I^ade,

FOOT ■ FOWEK.

BUZZ-SAW.

I have for sale a home-made, foot-power buzz-
saw made by my brother. The frame work and
table are well and substantially made, the main
shaft and banrt wheel arc of iron, and the man-
drel one of Root's $3.50 mandrels, with a seven
inch sa'v. Although the machine has been used
a year or two it is in perfect order, and is probably
as desirable in all respects as any foot-power
saw made. It is offerod for $18.00.

W. Z. HUTt'HINSON, Flint, Mich.

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. CoLWiOK, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 1893 ) for $1.25. Untested
queens in April or May at $1.00 each or $9.00 per
dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be shipped when wanted.
2-94-tf J. N. COLWICK, Norse, Texas.

Please mention the Reaiew-

NEW YORK CITY

Is the center of more R. R. and Ex. Go's, than
any Other place in tlie country. That means low
transportation charges. Combined with this the
fact that our prices are low and supplies first-
class, shows a reason WHY you should send for
our circular.

1. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place, 1-94-12 New York, N. Y.

Please mention the Review.

Giveo Away,

Our new catalogue of Bees and Bee-Keepers'
Supplies to any sending their address, It con-
tains the latest prices on HIVE5, CRATE5,
SECTIONS, POUffDATIOW, and the new
Stirer PEEDER; one of the best feeders in
the market— just the thing for spring feeding.

OLIVER HOOVER fir CO.,

4.94-tf Riverside, Pa.

Such aS Hives Sections, Founda-

tion, Extractors, and .Everything

DdCr SUPPLIES

11 t I Else Used by a Bee -"keeper. Also Clover Seed, Buck
L.^ L^ L«i WHEAT, BEES AND QUEENS. Large Wholesale and Retail
Catalog free, immense stock.^^^ JQS. NYSEWANDER, DBS MOJneS, lOWa.

260

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has iio superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
off«nsive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QH&S. DAD&NT & SON, Hamilton, IIIS.

■^1 .^^^.^ 4-94-l2t Ph'ase mention the Re:

QUEEN5,

Either golden or leather color
ed ; as good as any and better
than many. Try one queen and
be convinced. Satisfaction is
guaranteed. Warranted queon,
$100; tested, $1.50; selected,
$1^.50. Queens ready to ship
June Ist. JOS. ERWAY,
r.-94-4t Havana, N. Y.

Please mention the Reuietv.

^^^'^ \^ Qneoas rank with the best in
# Y % f the world. I rear none ex-
■ I 1 cept the best Italians bred for

ill txisiness, beauty and all good

■ I I 'lualities. I strive to excel, and

■ ^ 1 liave shipped to every Stato and

■ I to foreign countries, and if I have
M \ 'A dissatisfied customer, I don't
r ^ know it. A largo number of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and
5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 band, $:100. Untested,
$1.00. Eeforouce, A.l. Koot. W. H. LAWS,
2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

Please mention the Review.

BINGHAM PERFECT

BEE SMOKER

Pafd 1878. 1882, & 1892.

Cheapest & Best on Earth.

Send Card for Circular to

Bingham & Hetlieriiigton

ABSOKIA, MICH.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
lHl.l2t Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention the Reuieui.

ALL BEE-KEEPERS

"\A7"a,n.t a. C*ooci lBe& Smoker.

The Higginsvillo Smoker is designed to supply
tliis want at a reasonable price.

We claim the following points for this smoker :
Cheapness, Excellence, Strong blast, Heavy vol-
ume of smoke and no burnt fingers.
Price, 60c. each ; 6 for $3.00 ; $5.00 per doz.
20 cents extra by mail Special prices to dealers.

If you will send us your name plainly writen on
a postal card we will mail you our catalogue of Bee-
Keepers' supplies, also a copy of the Progressive Bee
Keeper, a journal devoted to Bees and Honey.
Address :

LE/IHr MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo.

OCT., 1894,

At Fliqt, Micl^igaq, — Oqe Dollar a Year.

262

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

RiDVBHTISIfiO l^flTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 'M lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Review with —

Gleanings,

($1.00)

$1.7.5.

American Bee Journal. .

.( l.OO)

1.75

Canadian Bee Journal ..

. ( 1.00)

1.75

American Bee Keeper .

.( .50)

1.40.

Progressive Bee Keeper.

..( .50)... .

.... 1.30

Apiculturist

.( .75)

1.65

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee • Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules:

Fancy. — All sections to be well filled ; combs
straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1.— All sections well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark,'' etc.

CHICAGO, 111. — Choice white comb honey
sells at 15c. per pound, giades that come under
the class " dark." at 10 to 12c ; extracted, 6 to 7.
Beeswax, 27 to 28c.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Oct. 29. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO 111. — Honey receipts quite liberal,
and we quote as follows : Fancy white, 15 ; No.
1 white, 14 to 15 ; fancy amber, 13 ; white, ex-
tracted, 6 to 7 ; amber, extracted, 5 to 6. Bees-
wax, 26,

J. A. LAMON.

Oct, 29. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— Stock on hand is light, but
the demand will improve as soon as small fruits
are all out of market. Prospects look good, and
we advise liberal shipments to our market. We
quote as follows : Fancy white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1
white, 12^ to 13 ; fancy dark, 10 to 11 ; No. 1
dark, 8 to 9 ; white, extracted, 6 to 7 . Beeswax,
25 to 30.

BATTERSON & CO.,

Oct. 29. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.-We quote as follows:
No. 1 white, 15; No. 1 amber. 13; No, 1 dark, 10
to 12; white, extracted, 7 ; amber, extracted, 6;
dark, extracted, 6. Beeswax, 20 to ^1.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,

Oct. 30. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

NEW YORK, N. Y,-We have received more
comb honey this year than ever before and the
market is well supplied. Demand is fair, only.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, 14; No. 1
white, 12 to 13 ; No. 1 amber, 11 to 12 ; Fancy dark,
10: No. 1 dark, 9; white, extracted, 6 to 6}^;
dark, extracted, 50 to 55 cts. per gallon. Bees-
wax, 29 to 30.

HILDRETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN,
Oct. 31. 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. ,- There is a good
demand for strictly fancy white clover and the
supply is light. Arrivals are meeting with
ready sale, but it is evident that any very heavy
shipments would overload the market and lower
the price one cent per pound. We quote as fol-
lows : fancy white, 17 to 18 ; No. 1 white, 16 to 17 ;
fancy amber, 15 ; No. 1 amber, 13 ; fancy dark, 11 ;
No. 1 dark, 10; white extracted, 8; amoer, 6;
dark, 5; beeswax, 25 to 28.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.
Oct. 31.

CHICAGO. 111.— We have sold thus far this
season over 1,000 cases of comb honey, ranging
in price from 15 to 16 cts., in a small way, while
we wholesale it at 14 cts. We can dispose of all
our receipts promptly, and advise shipments to
market early. Wo will make liberal advances
on consignments. Extracted honey is selling at
6 cts. We are trying hard to crowd the market
to 7 cts. for new crop of clover and basswood
Beeswax, 28 cts.

~ L. 21. S. T. FISH & Co.,

189 So, Water St., Chicago, lU.

ALBANY, N._ Y.— Honey in better demand, es-
pecially the high grade of white comb honey ;
No. 1 white, 14 to 15: No. 2 white, 13 to 14.
mixed, 11 to 12; No. 1 buckwheat, 18 to 12i^;
No. 2 buckwheat, 11 to 11; 2 ; white extracted
(northern), 7 to 8; Amber, 6 to 6}4', buckwheat,
51^ to 6. Beeswax, 27 to 29. Do not look for
much of any change in these prices and advise
now to have honey on market early as possible
for best prices.

H. R WRIGHT,

Sept. 21. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

in PRIZES

Divided into i 1st prizes of Siir.O
eaeh.and I'Jd jiiizes of ^1(10 eac-li
will be yiveu lor best designs tor

$1,000
WALL PAPER

Send 2c. for ooiiiiilete detail information. Designs
mu.st be ente; eil before Nov. 15, 18<.(4. Designs notaward-
ed ijrizes will be returned, or bought at private sale.

No matter wliere .vou live, don't pay retail prices for
wall pap.er. We nfake a specialty of tlie mail or(!er
business and sell direct to coiisunierH nt faetory prlcci*.

SPECIAL FALL PRICES: {iX,'&;:l^c:S;;Sr^:

At these prices ycu can paper a small room for 5^;.

SendlOc for plJ^ ta^e on samples of our new fallpai>er
andoiirl'iiok "How to I*:>i»<'i' nit<l Kcoiioiiiy In Home
J>eeoi'atioii."\\ :!1 le : er.t at one c, ^l.^;v in ;■ how to get
$50 effect for $r) in\ estnient. Hi'iul to iifareat adilress.

ALFE^ED PEATS, dept. ss.

SO-:52 W. lUth St.,
MiW VUKIC.

i::i:-i:« W. .Madison St.,
ClllC.V(iO.

fHK BKE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

263

■®)

^IHTEH I:.OSSES

Are not alwa^-s the result of the same cause. They
may come from starvation ; from poor food ; from
improper preparations ; from imperfect protection ; from
a cold, wet, or, possibly, a poorl}^ ventilated cellar ;
etc., etc. Successful wintering- comes from a proper
combination of different conditions. For clear, con-
cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all - im-
portant points, consult "Advanced Bee Culture."
Five of its thirty - two chapters treat as many different
phases of the -wintering- problem.

Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HOTCHmsON, Flint, Mich.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles ami sizes, made by ('. W.
C'ostellow. and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

-If you are croing to-

BtFY A BtlZZ-SA

write to tlie editor of tlie liEViiiw. lie bas a
new Barnes saw to sell and would bo glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would cell it.

Muth's ::

lEY EXTRACTOR

PERFECTION
>Id-Blast Smokers
Square 6l2iss Hooey -/arj, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to (!has. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to BeeKeepers.

l-94-tf. Ple^s- l\/fntlon the I-uip: .

EE SUPPLIES!

i Send for free copy of IIiIiXTSTR VTED

f CATALOGUE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. G.Xewman, 147 So. Western Ave. .Chicago.

Please Cut Out

riiis wliole AdTt.
!!«i$$u, and mail.

iW Please send me
the American Bee Journal
each week for Three
Mouths. At the end
of i.hat time I will re-
mit $1.00 fori year's
Mibscription. or 25c.
in case I decide to
d.scontinue.

To tho Pubiiskrs 1.1 kmrnam Bee Journal,

56 Fifth Avenue, CHICAGO, II^I^.

Name

P. O.

State

264

THE BEE-KEEPERS' HE VIEW.

THE].

Root Dovetailed Chaff Hiye.

IT IS HEM, LI6HT, WELL DESIGNED,

AND A

PERFECT WINTERING HIVE.

The walls, both outer and inner, are made of clear %-iiich pine, and have two inches of space
between them for packing. The corners are. ot coarse, dovetailed for strength and lightness. The
cover is seven inches deep, and telescopes clear over the water-table, making it impossible for
water to seep in and wet the cushion. In summer this cover makes a perfect " umbrella shade-
board." The furniture, including supers and covers for tlie regular single-walled Dovetailed
Hive, also fits the hive. For a hive for AIjLi PURPOSES we know of nothing better. It
weighs, when packed with chaff, only five pounds more than the same capacity in the single wall.
As to WINTERING , wo have tested this hive thoroughly, and know it to be a success. By
the way, don't forget that we have a

IDoveta-iled ^Winter Oa.se

Designed for use as a protection in wintering, t\>r the regular single-walled Dovetailed Hive. It is
made up of the same cover as shown above, and the same outside wall. Write for prices and par-
ticulars on both the winter case and Dovetailed Chaff Hive before you place your order.
A 52-page Catalog sent free.

A. I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.

'AUGHTERS of one of Doolittle's best,
5 - lianded breeders mated to selected
drones from .Jennie Atchley's 5 - banded
strain, untested, 60 cts ; tested, 90 cts. ;

extra yellow. $1.2.5.

5-94-tf L. H. ROBEY, Worthington, W. Va.

Worlcl'5 Fzvir A\ecl2vl

Awarded my FOUNDATION. Send for
Free Sample and Large Illustrated Price List of
everything needed in the apiary.

M. H. HUNT,

9-94-tf Bell Branch. Mich.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOONDHION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

Tliiii, Flat - Bottom Foiiiidalioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked (juicker tlian any fdn. made.
J. VAN DKUSKN & SONS,

(SOLE 'MANUFAOTUKEBS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N-Y

Phase mention t!,f ReuU'w.

FR££ : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-12t

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

or BEE HIVES. SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM.

194-12t. RIVER PALLS. WIS.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

MONEY RETURNED

to all buyin.; PORTER BEE ESCAPES

, , not satisfied after testing them. Proinineut

bee-keepers everywhere ust> and liii;hly recoinineiid them as the best. No others received a
World s liair award. Testimonials, etc.. free. Prices: Each, postpaid with directions, 20 cts.;
per doz., Sa.a'J. Order from your dea lei, or the mnft-s, R &, E C PORTER LEWISTOWN ILL

oe (4)ee-f\eepeps J\eviea

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers,

$L00 A YEAR,
f . Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL, VIL FLINT, MICHIGAN, OCT. 10. 1894. NO. 10.

Work at IVTicliigaji's

Experimental

-A-piary.

B. L, TAYLOE, APIAEIST.
AN EXPEBIMENT WITH FOUL BKOOD.

MUCH ques-
tion has been
recently made as
to the likelihood
o f foul brood
germs being
preserved and
conveyed in the
beeswax of com-
merce, and, so, ;is
to the danger of
contracting the
disease of foul
brood by the use of foundation manufac-
tured from such wax. I think that no seri-
ous question will be made that the vitality of
the germs referred to would be destroyed
were the wax containing them brought to
the temperature of boiling water and that
temperature maintained for say a quarter of
an hour, but it is to be remembered that
there are several facts which make it possi-
ble for wax to be rendered and put in a
marketable form without bringing it even
approximately to the temperature of boiling
water, and, indeed, without the careful use
of a thermometer one may easily be deceived
and induced to believe that his wax is of

that temperature when it lacks many degrees
of it. Thus the melting temperature of wax
is about 140°, which makes it possible by ap-
propriate methods to render, cleanse and
cake wax without employing a temperature
to exceed 1.50° or 15.5 while the temperature
of boiling water is at least 57° greater.
Then, anyone who has had much experience
in the manipulation of wax could not have
failed to notice that as wax is slow to give off
heat it is in the same degree slow to receive
it, i. e., as compared with water : the conse-
quence of this being that the water under
melting wax may be brought to the boiling
point and by its action cause the wax to bub-
ble and appear to boil while in fact it re-
mains many degrees below the temperature
of ?V2°, indeed, much of it may be still un-
melted and consequently below 140°. Again,
of late, much use is made by bee-keepers of
the solar wax extractor in the rendering of
wax, the temperature of which in this local-
ity seldom reaches 180°. In all this it is also
to be borne in mind that as the weakest link
is the strength of the chain, so the lowest
temperature to which any part of a lot of
wax attains is the temperature to be con-
sidered with reference to the degree neces-
sary for the destruction of foul brood germs.
The danger then is in failing to bring all of
the wax to the temperature necessary for
the thorough devitalization of the germs.

It may be said that though wax made from
the combs of diseased colonies may contain
and preserve germs in a state of vitality, yet
the process of its manufacture into founda-

266

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

tion is such that that vitality is destroyed
thereby. This may be so, but it canuot be
confidently affirmed without a knowledge of
the degree of heat which is applied in the
process to ail parts of the wax. It is well
kuown that it is a generally accepted fact
that a high tempeniture is injurious to wax
in cjnseqaence ul which we may suppose
there is a laudable desire on the part of
manufacturers to apply no more heat than is
necessary to the wax in the process of its
manufacture into foundation, and, as no
more than 160° is absolutely necessary for
that purpose, the maker, under an impres-
sion that a given lot of wax is free from dis-
ease germs— an impression which may be
without any solid foundation — may apply a
temperature no higher than that, and if it
shall turn out that the wax contained live
germs, and that 1(30° is insufficient to kill
them, the consequence would be the almost
certain propagation of the dread disease in
places where perhaps it was never before
known.

The danger is tlius apparent unless it can
be determined that the temperature neces-
sary for the rendering and manufacture of
wax into foundation is sufficient for the de-
st uction of the germs.

With the purpose of attempting at least a
parti d solution of this question, in the sum-
mer of 1893 1 placed combs, pretty thorough-
ly affected with foul brood, into a solar wax
extractor to be rendered into wax. In ren-
dering the combs a thermometer was kept
in the extractor and frequently observed,
and at no time was it seen to show a tempe-
rature higher than 180°, and only once at that
point, but of course the wax melted and ran
into the recep;.acle bel^.v, i.t all tempera-
tures below that which were sufficiently high
for the purpost*. Tnere being no opportu-
nity to complete the proposed experiment
that season the wax thus obtaiued from the
combs was laid aside till the present year.

This year in June the wax was again put
in the solar wax extractor, the temperature
rising in the process to 175°. When the wax
was melted and stood in the receptacle in a
liquid state the dipping tank was supplied
with water at a temperature of L^f)" and when
everything was ready the melted wax was
poured into the tank and sufficient of it dip-
ped to supply two colonies. Tlie resulting
sheets were made iuto foundation witli the
Given [)reps and fitted into the frames of two
hives and on the 20th of July a colony of

bees was put into one of them and on the
2.5th one was put into the other. The last
was rather a weak colony and a little later
superseded its queen so that it worked out
only about one-half the foundation, while
the other one made use of nearly all its
foundation. At different times the colonies
were examined for foul brood, but no sign
of it was found till the 8th of October when
nearly all brood being hatched out a thor-
ough examination was made and a single
cell of apparently foul broody matter was
found in each. This raises a very strong
presumption, almost amounting to certain-
ty, that the wax conveyed the disease but
the hives will be watched another season for
fuilher developments.

The method of curing foul brood hereto-
fore recommended, and which I have so of-
ten proved effective, was tried again this
year, upon a colony which was rather badly
affected, with the usual satisfactory results.
The method pursued will be found fully ex-
plained in a former report.

It is a question of much interest whether
a colony once affected with the disease of
foul brood always succumbs if left to itself,
or, whetlier, under some circumstances, it
is able to overcome and eradicate the dis-
ease. The colony referred to a year ago as
having foul brood unmistakably in the year
18'J2 is still being kept under observation
with reference to this point. The colony
has continued strong and prosperous. Dur-
ing the month of August one cell containing
foul broody matter was discovered but early
in October when there was only little brood
remaining, not a single sign of disease could
be discovered on a thorough examination.
It is too early to affirm that the disease may
die out of itself, but it has certainly de-
creased in this colony within two years, and
appearances favor the opinion that its even-
tual extirpation is possible.

Lapeeb, Mich.

Oct. 11, 1894.

Sulphur an Apparent Cure for Bee Paralysis.

O. O. POPLETON.

BEE paralysis seems to be the most thor-
oughly misunderstood of any important
part of bee culture, and it is fully time that
some of our experiment stations were giving
us some definite kuowiedge of the disease.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

267

1 first met it in my own apiary in Iowa,
some fifteen or sixteen years ago. It was a
very serious matter for a couple of years,
cutting down the income from the apiary
fully one-fourth ; then it gradually died out,
but the apiary was never entirely free from
it during the working season. I saw a little
of it in Cuba, but not enough to trouble one's
self about. It has been very bad in my api-
ary here last year ana this, cutting short my
this year's honey crop by from 5,000 to 8,000
pounds.

Mr. Getaz gives a fair description of the
disease in September Review. I never saw
any brood afifected with the disease. It is
an exceedingly erratic disease. At times it
seems to follow no rules ; at other times it
works in well defined limits. This leads to
many opinions concerning the disease, all
of them practically worthless when the ob-
server has had only a very few cases, and
opinions are nearly as valuable where one
has observed a hundred or so colonies, as I
have.

Mr. Dayton says (page 248) that colonies
afifected in summer were not in winter. My
experience both in Iowa and here is dififer-
ent. He also says that it appears to be
caused by imperfect queens, which become
imperfect through extensive egg laying.
With me, my nuclei with young, perfect
queens has suffered much more than old col-
onies with old queens ; exactly the reverse of
his idea. Changing queens has worked well
with him. Has been a failure with me.
Salt has been strongly recommended by Mr.
Alley and others. It had no effect whatever
for me. Sulphur has been a failure with
Mr. Dayton. It is the only thing I have
tried that had any effect whatever. Mr.
Ford (page 240) thinks Northern bred queens
are more free from the disease than others.
Every queen I have had from the North for
two years, except one, has had the disease
and their daughters have seemed peculiarly
liable to the disease. Mr. Ford also says the
disease does him no harm except in the
spring and during the honey flow. With me
it has been worst at those times, but not con-
fined to them. In your editorial you say
that in the working season there is not much
time for the disease to make headway before
the life of the bee has run its natural course.
On the contrary in bad cases during the
working season but few bees indeed ever
reach the field-working age. One of the im-
portant points to be learned about the dis-

ease is, as to whether there is any thing con-
tagous about it, and, if so, what part of the
hive and its contents will carry the conta-
gion. I have experimented some on these
points ; not enough to reach any conclusive
opinion, but still results pointed to the fact
that neither hive, honey, nor combs of brood
would carry the disease, but the queen and
diseased bees would carry it. If this proves
true, one can easily eradicate the disease in
his apiary by destroying all old bees and
queens, and giving brood to other colonies.
I have practiced this some, but in doing it
one wants to use great care that no dead or
diseased bees remain sticking in any of the
cells. Diseased bees are very apt to crawl in
a cell to die.

I have tried every remedy I could hear
suggested. Changed queens with no result.
Used salt, both in the feed and on bottom
of hive. Have also useil salecylic acid. All
failed.

Last spring I dusted my diseased colonies,
three or four at a time, with sulphur. Used
about a table-spoonful of dry sulphur, and
saw that all the combs and bees were well
dusted. More bees would die immediately
after treatment than before, but in a couple
of weeks after treatment, all dying seemed
to cease and no trace of the disease has as
yet reappeared in the treated colonies. I
treated them all, a few at a time, so as to
observe the difference, if any, between those
not sulphured and those that were. In all
cases those not treated remained diseased
and those that were recovered. So far, no
trace of the disease has returned in my api-
ary, but next spring is when it will be most
apt to return if at all. In two or three cases
I gave too much sulphur, which resulted in
not only killing all the brood, but all eggs
laid for some days afterwards refused to
hatch. I remedied this by changing these
combs for combs and brood from healthy
colonies. While the fifteen or twenty col-
onies I treated last spring were perfectly
cured, I do not feel that the experiment is
any where near extensive enough to make it
certain that it is going to be a success.

Some of our experiment stations can con-
fer a great boon on bee-keepers by making
a thorough examination of this disease and
learning more of its nature than individuals
who depend upon their bees for a living can
do. I have often marvelled why this has not
been done long before this.

Potsdam, Fla. Oct. 12, 1894.

2«8

THF BEE-KEEPEMS' REVIEW.

Symptoms of Bee Paralysis ; What May Be
Done to Cure it and Prevent its Spread-
ing,—Mistaking it for Poisoning
by Ye J low Jasmine.

T. S. FOBD.

BEAR SIR :— Sitting down this morning to
carry out my promise to furnish you with
an article on bee paralysis, I happened to
think of a letter that I had written for the
American Bee Journal, which was not for-
warded for the reason that just as it was
finished, I saw a letter from another South-
ern apiarist refuting the article referred to
by me, and therefore I did not send it. It
contains a description of the disease, and
perhaps you can by striking out such parts
of it as you choose, make it serve, or by
turning to the back numbers of the Bee
Journal, which I have failed to preserve, you
can fill out the blank in my letter, and use
the article as it is. Having suffered severely
from not recognizing the signs of the dis-
ease at first, and being of the opinion that it
is a worse affection than foul brood, I hope
that the bee journals will familiarize their
readers with the subject, and teach them its
danger. The fact is that, I believe that there
is no topic of more vital interest to apiarists
than this. If you will take it up, and insti-
tute a systematic inquiry as to the nature,
history and cure, you will do more for the
cause, and be of greater benefit to the bee-
keepers of the country, than you could do in
any other way.

While on the subject of bee paralysis, I
will say that I have tried the sulphur cure,
salt, re-queening and salicylic acid and
transferring to new combs, and all these rem-
edies have failed in my experience. There
are of late letters published in the periodi-
cals devoted to bee culture, stating that sul-
phur has cured the disease. Last year Mr.
Golden and others, have reported cures from
the use of salt. Now it is strange that all
these have failed in my hands. The only ex-
planation that occurs to me is that the re-
turn of warm weather always makes an ap-
parent cure, and the reported success of
these various remedies may be due to the
fact that the disease gave way to the ap-
proach of summer weather. I fed one col-
ony on salted honey for weeks, without any
appreciable benefit.

Judging from the number of letters pub-
lished during the last two years reporting

cases of bee paralysis, it must be that the
disease is greatly on the increase. North of
the Mason and Dixon line, it does not seem
very serious in its efEects, but in this latitude
most of the colonies that suffer from it are
worthless to their owner. The colony runs
down in numbers during the honey flow,
which comes in the spring, so that they store
no surplus. It may recuperate in summer
and build up so that the hive is full of bees,
but it all amounts to nothing, as the bees
store nothing but honey dew, during our hot
weather. When cool weather returns, the
disease reappears to blast the hopes of the
apiarist again. It would be far better for
the luckless apiarist to lose his bees outright
than to be thus tantalized by the hopes of a
final recovery.

There are some truths in regard to bee
paralysis that I regard as settled.

First, the disease is highly infectious. A
queen from a colony that is infected, though
she show no sign of the disease at all, will
infect the colony into which she is intro-
duced. Robber bees will carry the infection .
Where the hives are kept within a foot or two
of each other, the malady will spread from
one to another until all are diseased. This
is effected, probably, by the bees, which by
mistake enter the wrong hive.

Secondly ; the various remedies so far pro-
posed are wholly ineffectual to produce a
cure. The correct method of procedure,
clearly is, to destroy the diseased colony, and
disinfect the hive and combs, if the disease
is detected, before it has spread. If it is
permitted to remain in an apiary any length
of time, it gets a foot hold by spreading to
neighboring apiaries, and to colonies in the
woods, so that it will effect a permanent set-
tlement in a county, and thus remain to blast
all prospects of success in apiculture in that
locality. This has already happened in one
part of California.

Finally, it is suggested, that no queen
breeder should ship queens from an apiary
that is infected. I took a queen from a col-
ony that had apparently made a perfect re-
covery from the paralysis, and had shown no
signs of the disease for six months and in-
troduced her into a colony in my brother's
apiary ; and the result was, that in a few
months, his bees perished from the disease.
As a class, I have found that people who get
interested in bees are morally superior to
the average of men and women. But there
are bad men in the business. The man who

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

269

sold me the colony which iutected my apiary
persists to this day in asserting thai; he has
never had bee paralysis in his apiary, and
now I suppose that he is selling queens and
scattering the disease all over the length and
breadth of the land. Every scientific man,
who is acquainted with modern ideas, knows
that there is no such thing as spontaneous
generation, and that an infectious malady
like this has its origin in some germ or bacil-
lus, and is propagated like small pox, from
contagion, A conscientious queen breeder
will not sell queens from an infected apiary.
I propose that the bee journals invite their
readers to report any outbreak of the malady
and if it comes from a queen purchased from
a breeder, to give his name to the world, so
that he may have no further opportunity to
disseminate contagion through the country.

You will render an untold good to your
readers, if you will invite communications
of this sort. Probably 99 per cent, of your
readers have no queens for -sale, anS you will
enlarge your subscription list if you will let
it be known that you will undertake the task
of exposing those unscrupulous persons who
have so little conscience as to spread disease
and death in the apiaries of the land. The
various associations ought to take the mat-
ter up and do every thing possible to prevent
the further spread of this malady. The
journals devoted to bee culture should keep
the matter before their readers and invite
communications from those who have any-
thing of interest to give to their brethren in
regard to this subject. No man should pur-
chase a queen from a breeder without first
inquiring whether there had been for six
months past any bee paralysis within two
miles of the apiary. If a breeder should
then make a false statement in reply, to the
effect that there had been no bee paralysis in
his apiary, and it should turn out that the
queen was infected, a prosecution for obtain-
ing money under false pretenses might be
maintained successfully. Queen breeders,
who are honest, and who have not got the in-
fection, will find it to their advantage to add
in their advertisements. " There is no bee
paralysis in my apiary." In my opinion, it
will not be many years, before it will be im-
possible to carry on the business without
some assurances of this sort being given to
the purchaser.

Cholera and yellow fever are excluded from
our country by quarantine methods. This
has resulted from an understanding of the

nature and methods of the propagation of
these diseases. There was a time when these
visitations were regarded as inevitable and
as Providential. It is now known that they
can be controlled. And so if it were under-
stood that this disease is infectious, and the
proper precautions are taken against the
spread of the disease, by bee-keepers at
large, it is possible to prevent its further dis-
semination.

[Here follows what Mr. Ford originally
wrote for the American Bee Journal. — Ed.]

In a late number of the American Bee
Journal was an article copied from Glean-
ings upon the poisonous character of the
pollen of the Southern yellow jasmine, to
which I wish to call the attention of South-
ern bee-keepers as written under an appa-
rent misapprehension. The writer main-
tains that the pollen of this flower is poison-
ous and that the bees swell up and die in
great numbers during the period when these
flowers are in bloom. I have not the article
before me, but the readers of the Journal
will probably recall it.

I am aware that many mistakes are made
in the progress of every department of scien-
tific inquiry occasioned by two obstacles :
One is the habit of jumping at conclusions
without suflicient data upon which to base
them, and the other is the lack of close and
accurate methods of observation, and pa-
tience in verifying and collating them be-
fore accepting them as proven. We are
most of us prone to these mistakes.

It is submitted that one intelligently ob^
served and accurately established fact is
worth a whole volume of theories, to the in-
tellgent apiarist, who reads the periodicals,
in which all find so much pleasure.

Now, in order to enable our friends who
are interested in this subject to get at the
truth as to whether the instincts of the bee
fail to protect her from laying up for the
young of her well-ordered community a food
that is poisonous, and calculated to destroy
instead of preserving it, I propose to submit
with diffidence, in opposition to the views of
the above writer, that the symptoms of pois-
oning from the yellow jasmine flower, which
he gives on page 182, are precisely the symp-
toms of a very contagious disease well known
under the name of bee paralysis, which I
have had in my apiary continuously for
three years. He does not give all the symp-
toms, but those that he does give are unmis-
takeable, and indicate clearly to my mind

270

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

that he has iu his apiary a disease for which
no remedy lias yet been found, and which in
my experience, is a worse foe to the success
of the apiarist in the South than th<j dreaded
foul brood. The attention of this gentleman
is invited to the symptoms of bee paralysis,
which are as follows : The first advent of
an infected bee into a healthy colony is de-
tected by the vigilant little guard bees, who
will be seen pulling and hauling at the in-
fected individual, striving with all their
might to drag it from the hive, and gnawing
it all over. Tlie suspect in vain tries to ap-
pease the guard by offering the contents of
the honey sac ; she extends her proboscis at
great length, and may be seen scraping it
with her forefeet, but all to no purpose.
The guards get on her back and gnaw her
all over, and use their best efiEorts to get rid
of her by every means short of using their
stings. At tlie next stage the infected bees
will be seen stripped of their hair, and show-
ing a thorax of a bluish black color, which
discoloration extends to the greater part of
the abdomen. This loss of hair has been at-
tributed by some to the effects of the dis-
ease, but a more careful observation has led
me to believe that the bees gradually gnaw
all the hair off of them. • These hairless bees
will now be seen to grow emaciated, some
of them being shorter and more slender than
natural. They then will be seen with trem-
ulous wings shaking and quivering as though
palsied. After a period more or less ex-
tended, the third stage is reached, when the
hive is thoroughly infected and bees begin
to appear at the entrance with their abdo-
mens very much swollen and distended by
thin yellow feces, which they sometimes dis-
charge, spotting the alighting board with
yellow splotches. The bees appear paral-
yzed, and move with difficulty, while their
wings exhibit a characteristic quivering mo-
tion that once seen can never be mistaken.
They now die in the hive and in the morning
they are dragged out by scores. Soon a heap
of dead and rotting bees will accumulate in
front of the affected hive and a peculiar dis-
agreeable odor will be noticed on lifting the
hive cover. About this time the infection
becomes so virulent that bees will begin to
drop dead by thousands all about the apiary.
Standing under a wild peach tree in bloom
at such a time, I have seen bees with no sign
of the disease drop dead from the flowers.
About and in front of the apiary, bees will
be seen to fall with heavy loads of pollen.

and to die instantly. All this happens, some
years, during the height of the honey flow,
and the apiarist feels tempted, after trying
every remedy that he can hear of, to give up
in disgust ; but, as the warm nights come
on, and the honey flow has passed, these
symptoms moderate, and colonies that have
not lost their queens begin to build up again,
and by the middle of summer, only an ex-
perienced eye will see any sign of the dis-
ease in most of the colonies. Perhaps one
colony iu twenty will persist in putting out
a few swollen dead bees each morning, and
will manifest the presence of the enemy
every month in the year. This is bee paral-
ysis as I have seen it for three years. It is
much worse some years than others. And
during all this time there will be a few col-
onies that do not show any signs of the dis-
ease at all. Now if the writer above quoted
were correct, and these effects followed the
blooming of the yellow jasmine, why do not
these signs appear in all the colonies ? Why
does one apiary show this mortality, and an-
other only a mile off show nothing of it. and
finally, if it is the jasmine flower, that does
this work, how is it that this whole series of
effects appear in the North and West, where
no yellow jasmine ever grows ?

In our Southern climate at least, it is im-
portant for the apiarist to be able to recog-
nize the disease when it first appears. He
ought not to rest under the delusion that his
bees are suffering from the consumption of
the pollen of yellow jasmine or from any
other poison, but as soon as the disease is
observed, he ought to isolate the affected
colony by moving it to a distance. And if
he does not wish to take the radical measure
of stopping the spread of it by killing out
the bees, he ought at least to watch it care-
fully, and the moment the robber bees begin
to assail the weakened community, he ought
to make way with it at once, because beyond
all doubt, robber bees do carry the infection
home with them.

There is no excuse for the length of this
article except the importance of the subject,
and my desire to prevent others from suffer-
ing the loss that has fallen to my lot, from
nol being able to recognize the disease at
the outset.

Columbia, Miss.

Sept. 14, 1894.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

271

Entrances!; Brace Combs ; Introducing ;

Economy In Labor : Blacks ; Seat

Tool - Box ; Bee Paralysis Cured

Throngli the Queen.

O. W. DAYTON.

n7HE bees have
x" gathered suffi-
cient honey for
household use
each day since last
January. From
Feb. 1st to July 1st
they were near
starvation, be-
cause it held out
foggy until ten
o'clock and then
was cloudy from
two o'clock until
night. But they lived on the daily gather,
then. One colony starved. ^ Those moved to
the sage belt got a light flow about the first
of May. I am located ten miles from the
sea shore.

In using auger holes for entrances, if the
apiary is not surrounded by a tight board
fence, cold, windy weather might trouble.
Then if there is such a fence the bees may
get outside of it in the shade, and perish.
Here it is always warm, and seldom windy.
Some one thinks mice may enter. With J4
wide frame material this is possible as the
spaces are V inch or more. With material
one and one-sixteenth wide - and three-
elevenths spaces mice are practically exclu-
ded. With my kind of entrance there is
more or less accumulations on the bottom
boards distant from entrance. If we clean
the bottom boards it is as well to move more
or less but with nailed bottom boards it is
impossible to move any however great the
need.

It appears that Mr. Doolittle's 13-inch-
long top bars of this material would have
no more brace combs than 18)^-inch-long
top bars of thick material, if as may be in-
ferred, sagging causes wide spaces and wide
spaces cause brace combs. Considering that
both lengths of top bars are of the same
width of material.

Even that ten-day method of introducing
queens on page 25.5 would not work at the
beginning of or before the harvest here. I
kept queens caged 20 to ."JO days and they
were balled whenever released. After the
harvest, after the drones were killed, any

plan worked. My plan was to cause the col-
onies to rear cells and then put in a cell of
my own selection.

It is poor management where 175 pounds
of man spends his time turning extractors
or putting up sections when a 12-year-old
boy would do the same for $1.50 per week.
Let the man sit out in the apiary and study
how to improve his queens, and figure out
why it is that one colony stores four times
as much as another, why certain colonies
cluster out or refuse to enter the sections,
etc., etc. Allow him no newspapers but
plenty of bee books and journals and shade.

Those colonies which were the gentlest and
and would allow any kind of rough hand-
ling without veil or smoke before the har-
vest are, since the harvest, as cross and mean
as yellow jackets. The purer the Italians
the worse the temper. The opposite is the
case with blacks and hybrids. October,
November and December seem to be of the
greatest dormancy in this climate (of the
bees.)

For years it has been known that sugar
and water could be mixed by agitation but
the percolated article described by Dr. Beall
is a far more desirable material. Extractors
were invented to extract honey and presently
bee-keepers fell to extracting nectar. I
never could " go " water and sugar on flap-
jacks but that percolated syrup was ahead of
most honey.

It is becoming apparent that hives should
be sized according to good and poor seasons
rather than poor and better localities. When
there only comes a six days' yield the bees
are better to be all gatherers rather than
divided into nurses and inside workers and
brood. Have surplus combs drawn before
hand. Then contract snfliciently and in a
manner that the bees will act at the first in-
ducement. The main thing is the forecast-
ing of the yield and not to expect too much.
Prepare to get a little and get it rather than
prepare for much and get nothing.

Blacks have the name of capping their
honey whitest. I find some Italians which
cap honey whiter than any blacks. First,
they store whiter honey. Then they travel
over it less. Where blacks pile on much wax
it makes a dead white. The most beautiful
honey is gray and glistening. It seems im-
possible for some bees to cap white and with-
out plastering on propolis, causing the hon-
ey to sell for less price. Hence the need of
selection in breeding.

272

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW^

The principal use of a seat is the tool box
it may contain for queen cages, escapes, cell
protectors, register cards, etc. As a honey
producer, four-fifths of my time is devoted
to rearing queens. I do not want to run into
the shop for every little trinket. Nor leave
cages scattered about the apiary lying on
hive covers. They not only get lost but they
soon rust. To transfer larvae by the batch,
and cage fifteen hatching virgin queens, and
not slight the job, requires ease and shade.
To get the best, cells are to be sorted before
hatching and queens must be sorted before
and after fertilization. Watch the manuiu-
vres of every new queen for a month or two
and know how to distinguish a business
queen. Queens which start out poorly al-
most invariably prove to be poor. Bee-keep-
ing may be compared to poultry keeping.
It requires some dexterity to make hens lay
but any ignoramus can gather up the eggs.

In my last year's location there was much
bother with hornets meddling with honey,
fruit, meat and even killing hive bees and
carrying them away. This year, only twelve
miles away, I have not seen a hornet. Last
year I did not see a mosquito. This season
they have existed in clouds. Kingbirds are
very numerous and until last spring I did
not know that there were any in the State.
With so much variation in the visible insects
in so short a distance may it not explain why
bees would not be so necessary for the fer-
tilization of fruit blossoms on the islands in
Lake Erie as far out on the dry mainland ?

My experience with bee paralysis runs
thus : In the spring of 1893, as the colonies
began to get strong, I noticed the disease —
the stronger became the colonies the more
disease — the larger the heaps of dead bees
before the entrances. When it had attained
fair headway, four or five colonies were re-
queened. In ten to twenty days the symp-
toms were gone. In about two months later
four or five more colonies were requeened
with like effect. Then late in the season,
too late to rear queens, I bought six queens
and introduced them to as many diseased
colonies and that ended the disease there.
Several, some five or six, remained diseased
through the winter. Three of these I kept,
and a party to whom I sold twenty-five col-
onies insisted on his own choosing, picked
out two of these paralytic ones. Those I
kept were re-queened early and have been
among the best in the apiary this season.
Those sold, still have their old queens, one

dwindled out entirely ; while the others have
been the cause of vexation and worry all
summer. I told him how to cure it but he
knows nothing about queen rearing or intro -
duction.

Last season (189.3) two diseased colonies
did their own re-queening, in one of which
I found both the old and young queens lay-
ing eggs in the same comb. Finally the old
queen disappeared. The colony containing
this young queen is the best, in IGO, this sea-
son— casting a swarm which stored 140
pounds of honey in one-pound sections.
Fifty daughters show no disease so far.

Last year I knew the disease to be present
in numerous valley apiaries while a number
of mountain apiaries only a few miles away
had none of the disease. In the valley, dif-
ferent from the mountains, there was a con-
tinuous supply of honey yielding flowers to
keep up constant breeding from February to
October. So I say stay out of such localities
or else re queen. For my part, I would not
vary my course any to avoid the disease. In
every case I have seen, the queen was an un-
usually prolific layer.

Flokenoe, Calif.

Oct. 15, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. I. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more,
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Reviiw
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN OCT. 10. 1894.

If a Man has a thousand friends, he has
not one too many.

A Special Bulletin, "A Year With the
Bees." is now out and gives the results of
the first year's work at the Michigan Experi-
mental Apiary. It is now being sent out to
1,200 Michigan bee-keepers the names and
addresses being furnished by the Review.
Others outside of Michigan should write for
it, addressing the Secretary of the Michigan
Agricultural College, Agricultural College,
Mich.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

278

A SuBSOBiBEB in Minnesota complains that
Shea & Co. are quoting honey too high.

Thick Foundation is preferred by the
bees to that that is thinner ; at least it seems
so from the experiments of experimenter
Taylor. Ernest Root calls attention to this
fact, and it is certainly worth looking after.
Mr. Heddon has for years declared that he
did not want the lightest foundation in sec-
tions, that the heavier grades gave better re-
sults, and he has favored the Given because
in that style there is a thin base with the sur-
plus wax in the side walls.

Mr. Root also calls attention to the fact
that a heavy foundation may be productive
of the so-called "fish-bone." It is possible
to use too heavy foundation, and we must
strike for the golden mean.

WHAT DEDUCTIONS SHALL BE DEAWN FKOM
THE FOUNDATION EXPEBIMENT ?

Friend Hasty calls attention to what seems
to me an important point in connection with
the experiment lately closed regarding the
different makes of foundation. He argues,
and with a show of reason, that the bees have
simply shown a preference ; that if only one
style had been used in a case, and that had
been the least desirable style, that just as
much honey, or, nearly as much, would have
been secured as with the more desirable
style.

When I was at Mr. Taylor's last summer I
put the matter to him in the same light. I
said to him " Suppose johnny cake and
mince pie are placed before me. I may
choose the pie, but if given only johnny cake
I would probably eat enough of it to satisfy
my hunger, as it would be that or nothing
else. Do you really think that the bees
would store as much more honey, if all Giv-
en foundation had been used, as is shown to
be the case where they are given a preference
between that and the Van Deusen ? " He
thought a moment, in that quiet way of his,
and then said he thought they would store
nearly as much more as indicated by the ex-
periment. Continuing, he said, " If given
all mince pie, you would eat more of it than
yon would of jonnny cake, because you would
like it better." I think the weak point in
Mr. Hasty's theory is in assuming that
the quantity of honey gathered, or that may
be gathered, is the same in both cases. When
bees are furnished with drawn combs they
store more honey than when they have to

draw out foundation, and a foundation that
is very acceptable, and very quickly made
into comb, may lead to the storing of great-
er quantities of honey. If twenty-five col-
onies were furnished with one style of foun-
dation, and the same number, as nearly like
them as possible, were furnished with a dif
ferent style, the experiment would probably
furnish some excellent pointers, if nothing
more. It is only when we begin to experi-
ment that we see how really difficult it is to
conclusively decide some questions.

THE MUTUAL ADMIEATION SOCIETY.

There is scarcely a bee journal that has not
lately touched upon this topic. Last month
the Review had a little to say, and it now
proposes to say a little more. Once or twice
before, this idea has been hinted at in a
vague sort of way by the very few in our
ranks who write best when their pens are
dipped in gall. There are a few people in
this world who are never happy unless they
are unhappy and finding fault with others.
A great many lines of journalism are con-
ducted upon this plan, that of criticism, of
fault finding, of looking for the opening in
the armor of some brother through which to
thrust in the lance and then hold him up and
see him squirm. I have a slight acquain-
tance with an editor who once admitted that
this style of journalism had made him a
murderer at heart. He had been that angry
at a brother editor that had it been possible
to kill by a thought there would have been
a murder. The older bee-keepers must re-
member when bee journalism was conducted
in this style. It is possible that some of the
bee-keeping editors are now given to over-
praising their friends, and doing it in such
a fulsome way as to be offensive. It is pos-
sible that they neglect to mention the good
qualities of their enemies. The attempt to
correct this abuse is to be commended, but
we don't want a remedy that is worse than
the disease. To begin a rebuke with a sneer
and end it with a sting may ease the mind of
the one who administers it, but so far as cor-
recting abuses is concerned it is a brilliant
failure. It simply angers. It is brushing
the fur the wrong way. Some people have
the happy faculty of bringing out the best
that is in everyone whom they meet. They
can even point out faults in such a way that
the person corrected will feel that a kind-
ness has been bestowed. These are the men
to undertake reforms. I do not mean that

274

THE BEE-KEEPERS' UEVIEW.

only those of this class should point out
wrongs, but all should remember that pro-
voking a man to anger is a long step back-
wards in his reform, I do not advise the
polishing, and softening of a criticism until
the life has been fairly rubbed out of it, but
there is such a thing as pointing out an error
in vigorous and forceful, yet respectful lan-
guage.

That editors and correspondents have been
praising one another simply that they may
receive the same in return I don't believe.
All the kind things that I have said of oth-
ers have come from my heart, they have been
honest, and have been uttered with no hope
or thought that I should receive praise in re-
turn unless I deserved it. Even those who
have complained of the great amount of flat-
tering things found floating around in the
bee journals, have said kind things of their
friends, and I have sufficient charity to be-
lieve that they were honest expressions of
deserved praise. Alack the day, when a man
cannot speak well of his friends for fear that
he will be accused of self-interest.

BBO. HEDDON AND HIS JOUENAL.

Bro. Heddon has now gotten out three
numbers of his Quarterly. Each number
has been an improvement upon its predeces-
sor. Bro. Heddon is an unusually bright
bee-keeper ; he is really what might be called
brilliant ; I doubt if there is a bee-keeper in
the country that can make more clear money
out of bee-keeping than he can, and in this
journal he is gradually unfolding the differ-
ent plans whereby he is enabled to raise
honey so cheaply. He also attempts, and
succeeds pretty well, in reading the other
bee journals and reviewing them. In one
sense the Review and the Quarterly are
working in the same field, but with this dif-
ference, as it seems to me, that the Review
makes a specialty of gathering together all
of the good things found in the other journ-
als, while the Quarterly's forte seems to be
that of criticism. If Bro. Heddon could lay
aside that style of criticism in which he so
glories, that of " handling without gloves "
those with whom he does not agree, his
journal would be more pleasant reading and
meet with more general favor. I think that
many of his criticisms are fair, that is, they
are deserved, while others I consider entirely
uncalled for, but it is the unkind, stinging,
sarcastic style in which many of them are
written to which I object. Having said this,

I will go still farther and say what I think
has developed this style. Mr. Heddon's
natural bent is for argument and criticism,
and he has always delighted in flinging at an
adversary a choice collection of keen, cut-
ting, somewhat sarcastic, and usually un-
answerable arguments. Another thing, he
invented and patented a bee hive over which
there was a long and bitter discussion in
which the attempt of some to defraud him
of his rights aroused and intensified his com-
bative nature. And, last, came this unfor-
tunate adulteration matter in which he was
given no opportunity to compel his accusers
to prove him guilty, and, no matter what the
motive that inspired them to the course they
adopted, he certainly could not be expected
to have for them the kindest of feelings. I
have sometimes thought that one of the in-
centives to the starting of the Quarterly was
the pent up feelings of this character in Bro.
Heddon's breast, and to which he could in
no other way give vent. If such was the case,
it is not to be wondered at, perhaps, that
they have overflowed in the style that they
have, but my dear brother, you must know
that a clear, calm, concise, dispassionate
statement of /acf^ will carry with it convic-
tion when a sarcastic outburst of righteous
indignation will have but little effect. Go
ahead, Bro. Heddon, with your criticisms,
use vigorous language, but through it all let
there shine forth a kind feeling for your fel-
lows even if in their errors they may have
done you an injustice, and the Review will
stand by you and help in bringing about any
needed reforms.

WHY SOME OF THE JOURNALS DO NOT NOTICE
THE QUABTEKLX.

In the last issue of his paper Bro. Heddon
takes some of the other journals sharply to
task because they do not notice his latest
venture. I have given the matter quite a lit-
tle thought, and tried to decide in my own
mind why some of the journals took the
course that they have. Sometimes I have
thought that it was because Mr. Heddon had
been accused of adulterating his honey. If
this is the reason, it does not seem to me
that it is a good one. If he has not adulter-
ated honey, then this unproven charge that
has been brought against him leaves him in
a condition deserving of deepest sympathy.
If he has been guilty of the practice, he has
received a lesson that will never be forgot-
ten. He now not only guarantees the purity

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

275

of his goods, but offers to pay $100 if any
prove to be adulterated, and allows the re-
turn of any that are not in every way satis-
factory. If he did not do wrong, or, if he
did, and is now doing better, it is not just
the thing to hold aloof the helping hand.

Perhaps I am all wrong in the above sur-
mise ; I hope I am. If I am, then the silence
may possibly arise from a personal dislike
or disrespect for the man. This, too, I am
loth to believe, because it is well known that
we are expected to respect the ofi&ce or posi-
tion that a man holds, even if we have no re-
spect to bestow upon the man.

The trouble does not arise from any fear
that the new paper will take business away
from the other journals, because the jour-
nals that are noticed by those who ignore Mr.
Heddon's are also rivals for business.

I can think of only one more cause for the
silence, and while it may not be the only
point in the case, I think it the principle
one. I have reference to his continued, se-
vere, and harsh criticisms of some of the
other journals. Perhaps the adulteration
matter caused the other journals to keep
silent at first ; this, it seems likely, nettled
Mr. Heddon and was largely instrumental
in leading him to say the sharp things that
he has. Lest some may think that Bro.
Heddon is all porcupine, let me say that he
isn't. I probably know him as well, have
looked as deeply into his heart, as any bee-
keeper in this country, and I knoiv that he
has a kind and sympathetic nature. Let me
give just one little incident that some of my
readers, as well as myself, may have wit-
nessed. Several years ago, before a crowded
convention in Chicago, father Langstroth
paid a glowing tribute to the memory of
Adam Grimm. When he had finished,
George Grimm arose in the audience and in
a most heartfelt and touching way thanked
father Langstroth for the kind words that he
had said of his father. As I felt my own
eyes grow moist, I stole a glance at Mr.
Heddon, and saw the tears actually rolling
down his cheeks. Mr. Heddon has his faults,
but he is not a man that we can afford to
lose. He has made a great many enemies
by his sharp criticisms, but he has also done
a great deal of good. He takes opposite
views from a great many leading bee-keep-
ers, and, for this alone, he ought to be en-
couraged. We don't want everything all one
way unless that way is best, and to learn if
it is the best, comparisons are needed.

If Bro. Heddon will fill the next number
of his journal with good things for bee-keep-
ers, telling of plans, methods, and imple-
ments, that they are his will be no objection,
if he will do this without sneering at the fel-
low that does not know so much as he does,
if he will criticise fairly and kindly, not
necessarily softly, if he will do this, I am
surer of nothing than that every journal,
without one exception, will have a good word
to say for the Quarterly.

To those who have thus far ignored Mr.
Heddon's journal, I would ask, would it not
be a kind, graceful, generous, Christian-like
act to notice the good things that have ap-
peared in his paper ? Even you must admit
that it contains much that is good and val-
uable— that in this respect it is really worthy
of notice, and why not set an example by
noticing the Quarterly without waiting to
see what its editor will do in another issfle,
and thus show how truly you are following
Him who taught that we should love our
enemies and do good to those who spitefully
use us. A few kind and really deserved ap-
preciative words now may change the whole
course of the Quarterly. Shall they be with-
held ?

The writing of the foregoing has not been
a pleasant task, but if it leads to a better un-
derstanding between my editorial brothers,
I shall be repaid a thousand fold for the pain
that it has caused me.

THE ST. JOSEPH CONVENTION.

[The following was originally written tor the
American Bee Journal, but Bro. York has kindly
consented to allow me to use it. and thus save
me the trouble of writing for the Review a sep-
arate account of the same thing.— Ed.]

How much watching, planning and con-
triving, and how much hard work is required
of an editor that he may be absent even for
only a few days. Monday morning, Octo-
ber 8th, found me at the end of such a prepa-
ration for an absence of nearly a week to
attend the St. Joseph convention. The Re-
view was out and mailed, all possible cor-
respondence answered, all queens mailed,
Mrs. Hutchinson given numerous instruc-
tions as to how this and that was to be look-
ed after, and such and such answers made to
such and such inquiries, the coal stove was
blacked and set up, coal in the bin, wood in
the wood shed, care taken that there was a
stock of groceries on hand that the good wife
might not be obliged to leave home on a

276

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEVU.

marketing expedition, the little black sachel
that had been standing for several days on a
shelf near at hand, so that when I thought
of anything that I might wish to take with
me I could put it in the sachel and thus not
forget it, received a dainty but wholesome
Innch as its last consignment, and I kissed
the wife and babies and was off.

I have several times been over the road
between here and Chicago, hence there would
be nothing new in the scenery, so, to pass
away all the day's ride I had sent for a book
to read. It was "Picture Making by Pho-
topraph." It came a day or two before my
departure, but I resolutely put it away with-
out even looking at it, because I knew too
well what even a glance at its pages would
mean.

I reached Chicago between five and six
o'clock and went at once to the office of the
American Bee Journal where I found Bro.
"George" putting the finishing touches to
a preparation for absence. Six o'clock
found us on the train for a six mile's ride
out to Ravenswood, where the editor of the
American Bee Journal and Dr. Peiro live
as neighbors. Bro. York has a pleasant
home. Mrs. York is not only an excellent
house-keeper, but, if I mistake not, she is
also an excellent " business manager." Bro,
York once wrote me that although Mrs.
York was not publishing the American Bee
Journal, she knew all of the time pretty
nearly what was going on at the office. As I
am more than willing to admit that Mrs.
Hutchinson is a better business woman than
I am, I feel sure that Bro. York will not be
offended at my throwing out these vague
hints.

I had supposed that there would be some-
thing of a little crowd gather in Chicago to
go on the same train to St. Joseph, but when
six o'clock came and Bro. York and myself
and Dr. Peiro climbed aboard of the " Eli,"
(the train is given this name I suppose, be-
cause it " gets there ") we were all the crowd
of bee-keepers there was on board. Out at
Aurora we picked up Dr. Miller, which, in
one sense, doubled our crowd. Soon we
were snugged away in one of the compart-
ments at the end of the car and I brought
out my collection of apicultural photographs
and passed them around. Then we talked
of the past and built castles in the future,
and, as Dr. Miller remarked, enjoyed the
best part of the convention. At last we were
tucked away with a Dr. in each berth, and

my last memory was of raising the curtain a
wee bit and seeing the moonlit, prairie land-
scape apparently slipping silentyl back to-
wards Chicago. When we awoke in the
morning the sun was shining brightly on
what might be fairly called the garden spot
of the earth. How home-like it did seem to
see rolling land again with good sized trees
growing upon it. Then there was orchard
after orchard bending with bright red apples
that glistened in the morning sun. The soil
was dark and rich, and, with one exception,
there was a thrifty look about the farms, and
that was the great fields of corn stalks going
to waste ; that is something seldom seen in
Michigan.

As we left the " Eli " at about ten o'clock,
the first man to meet and greet us was E. F.
Quigley of the Progressive. He is a nice ap-
pearing young man, but, like myself, is a
little too quiet in conventions. Bro. Quig-
ley you must talk.

President Abbott had left no stone un-
turned to make our stay in St. Joseph a
pleasant one. The Commercial Club Rooms,
at which the meeting was held, were the
most pleasant of any place at which the
North American has ever met. They were
really luxurious. Carpets on the fioor,
stained glass windows, tables furnished with
writing materials and covered with maga-
zines and illustrated papers, while the chairs
were great, big, comfortable, leather-cover-
ed, platform rockers. A few members had
already arrived and Secretary Benton was at
the desk taking in the dollars and giving
out badges and " numbers."

Just a word of explanation about the
"numbers." At all conventions there will
always be present members who are stran-
gers to the one reporting the proceedings,
and when such a member addresses the
meeting, if the President does not know
him and announce his name it must be
asked for, which makes an awkward break
in his remarks. By numbering the list of
members and attaching the respective num-
ber to the lappel of each member's coat, all
this annoyance is done away with. This plan
ought, however, to be carried one step far-
ther. Let the secretary make arrangements
with some near-by printing office to put the
names and numbers in type at the end of
the first session, and print enough copies to
furnish each menaber with a copy. Then a
simple glance at the list will show everybody
who is present, and a glance at the numbers

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

111

and the list will show who is who. If many
new members should come in after the list
had been printed, a new list could be print-
ed and distributed. It has happened that a
man has gone home from a convention not
knowing that some one he very much wished
to meet was present. The value of a con-
vention is greatly increased by an early ac-
quaintance among members. If one objects
to appearing upon the street with a number
attached to his clothing, it can be removed
upon leaving the hall. Friend Benton is to
be congratulated upon inaugurating this
scheme.

The criticisms brought against the Chi-
cago meeting of last year, that of opening
the meeting with no programme arranged,
and of holding only a two-days' session
when three days had been advertised, can-
not be urged against the St. Joseph meeting,
but there was one mistake made in getting
up the programme, and I am not sure but it
is a worse one than that of having no pro-
gramme at all. It is not pleasant to point it
out, as it is evident that this feature was
secured at the expense of considerable
trouble and correspondence and with the
best of intentions. I have reference to the
securing and reading of long papers descrip-
tive of bee-keeping in foreign lands. They
were evidently prepared with great care, and
were really interesting reading, but they
could have been read in the journals and en-
joyed just as much as to have heard them
read at the convention. We cannot afford
to travel hundreds of miles to listen to what
we can just as well read in the journals.
The only use for essays at a convention — no,
I think I better modify that a little, the
principle use for essays at a convention
should be to provoke discussion. A long,
exhaustive essay by a master hand, an essay
that covers every point, leaves little room
for discussion, and would better be printed
in some journal instead of read in a conven-
tion. A convention should be discussion —
red hot discussion — from beginning to end,
and papers that tend to bring about this
condition are a help, otherwise not.

But there is such a thing as holding a con-
vention down too closely to bee talk. The
brain becomes tired and refuses to do good
work. To begin in the morning and con-
tinue it until noon, then spend the whole af-
ternoon in bee talk, and stop for supper only
to begin again and keep it up until a late
hour is too much of a good thing. Then

think of continuing this for three days !
There should be frequent intermissions, or
the introduction of music or something of
this sort, and it is better that it be scattered
through the sessions than that one whole ses-
sion be given up to this sort of thing.

Having made these criticisms it is a pleas-
ure to say that the St. Joseph meeting was a
grand success. Those western men are
whole souled and open handed, and so kind
and cordial in their manners that some of
them actually persuaded their wives to come
with them ! After the long essays had been
read and the question box was opened the
convention also seemed to open up and there
was a lively discussion. " What valuable
facts were brought to the surface ?" That
is what the non-attendant wants to know.
Now let each person who was present be
honest with himself and go carefully over
the points that he learned at the convention
and see how many he can count up. Those
who are not readers of the bee journals may
find quite a number ; otherwise I think it
will puzzle some of them to say what they
learned. I have put myself to this test and
I can remember just one thing, and that
made me prick up my ears and go over and
sit down by Mr. C. F. Lane of Lexington,
Missouri ; also to quiz him still further at
the hotel. The question of the profitable-
ness of feeding back honey to complete un-
finished sections came up, and Mr. Lane said
that he made it pay and he succeeded by put-
ting one or two colonies in a tent, piling
supers of unfinished sections on top of the
hives to the height of eight or ten supers to
the hive. He then brought in weak colonies,
or those having poor queens, or those that
for any cause he did not consider very de-
sirable colonies for wintering, and united
the bees with the colonies over which the
sections had been piled. This course filled
the hives and the cases of sections "jam
full " of bees. To feed the bees he simply
took unfinished combs of honey, uncapped
the honey that was capped, and stood the
combs up around the hives, and the bees
came out and carried in the honey and
finished up the sections. Of course, it is not
necessary to use unfinished combs for feed-
ing purposes, any kind of comb will answer,
but one would naturally use such if there
were any, in preference to using full combs.
Mr. Lane also said that after the bees had
been in the tent a few days they could be fed
with a feeder placed at the opposite end of

278

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

the tent. They would fly out and visit the
feeder, load up, and then return all right.
His tent is 40 x 20 feet in size. He admitted
what I can readily believe is true, viz., that
there are quite a number of little kinks
about the business that can be learned only
by actual practice.

To one who is making a practice of feed-
ing back, the acquisition of this little item
of information might be worth all that it
cost to go to St. Joseph. I seldom attend a
convention without running against some
such chunk of wisdom ; but to leave home
with the idea that every hour will be fraught
with startling revelations, and that words of
wisdom will drop out whenever lips are
opened, is to court disappointment. The
most of our bee journals, if not all of them,
are edited by bright men. Nearly all of
them are practical bee-keepers and know a
good thing the moment it is brought to their
notice. All of them are on the alert for
these good things with which to enhance the
value of their journals, and some of them
don't wait for these good things to "turn
up," but go out and "rustle" around the
country and turn them up. The moment
that a discovery is made it is caught up by
the journals and spread broadcast over the
country. Under these conditions it is well-
nigh impossible that anything so awfully,
awfully new should be brought out at a con-
vention. Sometimes we get hold of a veri-
table gold mine in the shape of a practical
man that won't write but who can be made
to stand up and talk ; then we sometimes get
hold of something worth going a long dis-
tance to hear. Then, again, the leading bee
journals always have representatives present
and little of value is said that does not ap-
pear on their pages. We may as well admit
that the inducements to attend conventions
are not what they were once ; but, let us be
thankful, there is one feature the papers can
never usurp, even if they have given us pic-
tures of most of the prominent bee-keepers,
and that is the social part of the convention.
It is the main thing left for convention
goers, and there is nothing small nor mean
about it either. We are a band of brothers,
but sometimes some of us get to feeling a
little edgewise towards some of the brethren.
We think there is good reason for it, and
perhaps there is, but when we meet the of-
fender face to face, take him by the hand,
sit by his side, and see an honest soul shin-
ing out of his eyes, we find our enmity melt-

ing away. It would not surprise me if sev-
eral people went away from St. Joseph with
a better opinion of somebody else than they
had when they came. Then, again, it is an
advantage to have a personal acquaintance
with those who write for the journals, even
if that acquaintance is only a short one. For
instance, during quite a lengthy discussion
last summer in the American Bee Journal,
and I fell to wondering several times wheth-
er one of the dispudants was a man of real
good sense, or the reverse. Later I had the
pleasure (?) of his company for one half
hour, and in that short space of time he had
" given himself away ;" I had been enabled
to decide in regard to the value that ought to
be placed upon his observations and conclu-
sions. An acquaintance with the writer in-
creases the value, to us, of his writings.

One good stroke of work accomplished at
this meeting was the revision of the consti-
tution. All of that matter relating to affil-
iation, delegates, honey companies, etc., was
thrown out ; in fact, there are no by-laws
left, nothing but a short and simple consti-
tution. The salary of the secretary was
placed at $25.00 ; now when a man accepts
the office he knows what to expect for his
services and there will be no chance for any
wrangling over the matter. Speaking of the
Secretary reminds me of another suggestion
that I would like to make, and that is that
there is nothing gained in spending a large
sum of money in printing notices of the
meeting and paying postage on them in
sending them oat to agricultural papers. A
man who is not sufficiently interested in bee-
keeping to be a reader of some one of the
bee journals will not come any great distance
to the meeting because he saw a notice of it
in some agricultural paper. Notices in the
agricultural papers of the region in which
the meeting is to be held might possibly in-
duce the attendance of a few farmer bee-
keepers, but, aside from this, notices in the
bee journals are all-sufficient Having made
this criticism it is only fair to praise Secre-
tary Benton for his success in persuading
non-attendents to send in their dollars. By
sending out circulars to all old members,
thereby calling their attention to the advan-
tages of keeping up their membership even
if they could not attend each year, twenty
members who did not attend were induced
to send in their annual fees. Such an ac-
complishment is without precedence. It
seems wise to each year point out the mis-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

279-

takes and the successes, that the latter may
be patterned after in the future and the for-
mer not repeated. ' |

One quite sweeping change was made, the
wisdom of which is yet to be decided. To
each annual paying member in 1895 the So-
ciety promises to give the choice of any bee
journal published in the United States or
Canada. To help the Society to this, all of
the editors present, except myself, promised
to furnish their papers at very low rates,
way down below their lowest clubbing rates.
I presume I should have made the same
promise if I had been asked, but through
some oversight, I presume, the question was
not put to me. I fear the matter was not
given sufficient thought. Why, at first
thought, in his exuberent manner, Mr. Root
offered to give Gleanings. Suppose all of
Mr. Root's subscribers should decide to join
the North American, where would he be ?
Suppose half of them should take that
course ? At the figures that were given some
of the journals cannot stand it if any great
number should join the Society. Any sum
of money coming into the treasury as the re-
sult of this scheme would come out of the
pockets of the publishers. Then there is an-
other side to the question. Suppose that
only the usual number, say 100, should pay
their dues, then about half of that money
would have to be used in buying bee jour-
nals, and there might not be enough left to
pay the running expenses. If some plan
could be devised whereby the membership
and usefulness of the Society could be in-
creased, it would be very welcome, but I fear
it cannot be done by making ourselves pres-
ents or asking the publishers to make us
presents. The whole thing is wrong in
principle and was adopted without sufficient
consideration. It is true that the Canadian
Societies furnish their members with jour-
nals, but the money to buy them comes from
the government ; besides, no journal has yet
been furnished below cost.

As the convention was held pretty well
south and west I had hoped to learn some-
thing in regard to bee paralysis. The sub-
ject was freely discussed, and I had several
private conversations with those who had
had experience with the disease. The re-
ports are all very conflicting. That the dis-
ease is likely to disappear of itself is a fact
that I fear has been overlooked to a great
extent. When this is remembered a great
manv strange things arc explained.

A very pleasant incident occurred when it
came to choosing the place for holding the
next convention. The choice really lay be-

(tween Lincoln, Nebraska, and Toronto, On-
tario, Canada. Last year Toronto nearly
captured the convention for this year, and
ithere was a sort of a tacit agreement that we
jwould all vote for Toronto this year, but
when Bro; Stilson read invitations from the
Nebraska State bee-keepers, from the Mayor
of Lincoln, from the City Council, from
everybody who could have any interest in
ithe matter, and followed this up with a warm
■(personal appeal, there was an evident
'wavering upon the part of some, but when
Dr. Miller explained that the voting for
Toronto was a matter of honor with a large
number, what did Bro. Stilson do but get up
and withdraw his invitation, an act that
brought down the house and in all probabil-
ity will take the convention to Lincoln in
189G. The choice of Toronto was made
unanimous.

Mentioning the next meeting brings up
another point upon which I wish to make a
suggestion. As a rule, it has been impossi-
ble to secure the necessary attendance for
obtaining the desired reduction in railroad
rates unless the meeting is held in some rail-
road center of the North. These rates were
secured at Detroit, Brantford, Canada, and
at Albany. At Washington and St. Joseph
there was not sufficient attendance. Pub-
lishers can show by their subscription lists
that the great mass of bee-keepers is in the
Northern and Eastern States, and Canada.
Draw a line due north from St. .Joseph, Mis-
souri to St. Paul, Minnesota and another
from St. Joseph to New York City, and the
great mass of bee-keepers will be found
north and east of these lines, and a great
crowd can be gathered only inside these
lines. Even inside these limits it is better
not to depend upon securing reduced rates
by the crowd of bee-keepers alone. For in-
stance, I believe that the meeting of 1895 can
be held in Toronto at the time of a great in-
dustrial fair, when very low rates will be
given for long distances. Where this cannot
be done it would probably be well to hold
the meeting in connection with the meeting
of some other Society, when the two com-
bined would secure the requisite number for
obtaining reduced rates.

About ten o'clock of the last day all of the
members gathered in a group on the steps of

280

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

the court house and were photographed.
The brick of different colors with which the
street in front was paved furnished a neat
foreground, while the fluted columns and
ornamental front of the court house formed
a pleasing back ground. I spent at least
an hour one morning in looking for just this
spot. A local photographer made the ex-
posure and 1 brought home the plates and
developed them. For so large a group the
faces are unusually good. There is not a
person present that would not be instantly
recognized by his friends. That little num-
bering scheme of Secretary Benton's came
in very nicely here, as nearly all of the num-
bers show, and I have had a list of the mem-
bers with the corresponding numbers print-
ed and attached to the picture which enables
even a stranger to decide in regard to the
identity of each person. The size of the
picture is 8x10 inches— twice the size of
those taken last year at the World's Fair
convention.

The journey home was uneventful ; simply
one long, swift, continuous ride of 800 miles
broken only by a change of cars at Chicago.
I reached home in the evening just as baby
Fern was dropping off to sleep, but when she
heard my voice she roused Up with : " Papa,
did 'oo dit my 'ittle pictou boot (book) ?"

EXTRACT EO.

Rolled vs. Given Pressed Foundation ; Flat-
Bottomed Foundation ; Heavy Cell-
Walls and Fat Combs.

We cannot have too much light on the sub-
ject of comb foundation, hence I am glad to
reproduce here the editorial comments in
Gleanings regarding the experiment that
Mr. Taylor reported in last Review.

"Reference is made in Bicycle Notes, in
another column, to the experiment of R. L.
Taylor, as reported and illustrated in the
Bee-Keepees' Review for September. We
have been experimenting a little with differ-
ent weights of foundation during the past
summer, and perhaps I can throw a little
light on some of the results. Well, these re-
sults show that the ' fattest ' combs, if I may
use the expression, were built from Given
foundation ; that the next fattest were from
wax sheets sheeted for roller mills, but actu-
ally embossed or worked on the Given press.
The next in order seems to be the Hunt foun-
dation made on a Root mill. The rest of
the results I have been unable to compare.

any more than to state that the Van Deusen
shows the * leanest ' combs, to carry out the
analogy, of all the foundations used. Mr.
Taylor, concluding, says, first, that the qual-
ity of the wax in its original characteristics,
or in the method of its manipulation, cuts a
considerable figure ; and, secondly, that
either the kind of machine used in making
foundation greatly affects its value ; or,
thirdly, that heavy foundation has a decided
advantage over light. Mr. Taylor's third
and last supposition, I think, is nearer the
truth than the second, as I shall presently try
to show.

Now, the various foundations above men-
tioned vary quite a little in the number of
feet per pound. The Van Deusen (and this
gives the leanest combs) was a trifle the
lightest, being 14.22 feet per pound. The
Dadant stood 14.21 feet per lb. ; the Root
13.7.5 ; the Given, only 9.91 ; while the Given-
Hunt — Hunt sheets worked on a Given press
—was 9.37. Now, if you will look again over
the figures you will see that the Given and
Given-Hunt, both made on the Given press,
were quite a little the heaviest foundation
used ; and it was these sheets that gave the
fattest combs. The fatness of the comb in
the case of the other makes of foundation,
in like manner, seems to vary somewhat ac-
cording to the weights ; that is, the lighter
the foundation the leaner the comb^ and
vice versa. The figures do not show this to
be strictly so, but strongly enough to show
which way the wind blows.

A few months ago reports were given
showing that the Given foundation seemed
to be more readily accepted by the bees — in
fact, very largely substantiating the facts
above given ; but it should be understood
that the Given foundation, made between
two flat plates, was a heavier grade — not
heavier foundation septa, or bases, but far
heavier foundation walls. I did not realize
there was so great a difference between the
cell-walls of the Given press foundation and
that made on the rolls until a Given press
was sent us for experimental purposes. In
fact, the walls were so heavy that the foun-
dation looked more like sheets of wax with
small hexagonal holes dented in equally dis-
tant from each other. It then occurred to
me for the first time that it was not so much
the method of embossing the sheets as it was
the kind of dies, or punches, used in making
the cell-walls.

I took a sample of the Given press founda-
tion to our Mr. Washburn, and asked him to
make punches that would make roller foun-
dation like the sample, or very near it. He
did so, and the foundation in every respect
seemed to be as soft as that made on the
Given. A test in the hive also seemed to
show that bees regarded it in like manner.
Of course, the foundation with heavy side-
walls, with the same bases, or septa, will be
heavier ; and, also, the wax in these walls,
not having been subjected to the same pres-
sure as the wax in thinner walls, will be soft-
er ; therefore it follows that it will be worked
by the bees the quickest ; and such combs,
being started first, will maintain their ad-
vantage, and be fattest in the end.

TSE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

281

But right here it seems to me we run
against a stump — or, at least, I fear there is
danger of it. Will not those combs built
from the heavy foundation, or, rather, that
having heavy side-walls, show very objec-
tionable ' fish-bone ' ? The Van Deusen
foundation, which seems to have the poorest
showing in the hive, may, when actually in
the mouth of the consumer, have the best
showing. The Van Deusens have advertised,
as a special feature of their wax, that it has
no ' fish-bone.' How far this is true, I do
not know from experience ; but 1 do know
that there is no perceptible ' fish-bone ' in
the very light grades of foundation used by
the Dadants, Hunt, and ourselves. If man-
ufacturers should agree uniformly to make
their surplus foundation with heavier walls
— that which has given, according to the ex-
periments of Mr. Taylor, fatter combs — con-
sumers would object to it as not being like the
honey of their fathers, and in time they
would refuse to buy it, on the false assump-
tion that it was manufactured, and therefore
not real honey. As foundation-makers, we
prefer to make our thin surplus just as it has
been made.

In conclusion, let me say that I do not
question the correctness ©f Mr. Taylor's ex-
periments in the least. I accept them as
actual facts, for I saw the combs myself
while at his place this summer."

Percolator Feeders ; Making Syrup in Large

Percolator Cans, Syrup to be Fed in

the Ordinary Way.

By the time this reaches my readers it will
be too late to do any feeding this year, but,
onless these items of information are given
as they come up, while the subject is under
discussion, they are likely to be forgotten ;
besides, it is best to have all phases of a sub-
ject considered at the same time, hence I
copy the following from Gleanings ;

" We have been continuing in the use of
the crock percolator, as described on page
769. They are still working nicely ; but to
test this plan further, we have been trying it
with different kinds of receptacles. Where
we desire to feed the colony up with one feed,
or, at most, with two, the two-gallon crock is
a little too large and unwieldy to be handled
easily, for the crock itself forms an incon-
siderable part of the weight. Looking over
our counter store, my eyes lit upon some
sap-pails. (Of course, those with holes near
the top rim for the sap-spile will not an-
swer.) 'There,' said I, 'here is just the
thing.' These were filled with sugar and
water, half and half, and then a shallow cake-
pan was set over, with three or four thick-
nesses of cheese-cloth between. The whole
was then inverted. But the flaring edge of
the cake-pan fitted so close to the rim of the
pail that it took the bees five or six days to
get the feed out. This would be all right
ordinarily ; but as it was getting to be a lit-

tle late we desired to feed a little more rap-
idly. Instead of the cake-pan we finally sub-
stituted square pine boards ^g thick, just
large enough to cover the pail. These would
warp enough to let the air through the cloth,
and consequently the feed would run out the
more rapidly. These the bees empty in from
one to two days, and are then ready for an-
other feed. The fact that the board is warped
a trifle does not harm ; but it should be sta-
ted that the crocks or pails, whichever are
used, should be filled level full of sugar and
water, otherwise the slight amount of air
will allow some of the water to run out be-
fore it has incorporated the requisite amount
of sugar.

COLD-WATEB SYKUP ; B. TAYLOB's PLAN.

Well, it is getting so late that we thought
it inadvisable to continue the percolator
feeders on the hives much longer, inasmuch
as the syrup as fed was in the proportion of
half sugar and half water— too thin for late
feeding. Disliking to make syrup in the old
fashioned way (heating it and stirring it an
hour or two to get the sugar thoroughly dis-
solved), I thought I would try the percola-
tor plan, as it was said this syrup would not
granulate, and would be of the proper con-
sistency for late feeding in ordinary Miller
feeders. Our neighbor, Vernon Burt, told
me that he had used the plan described by
B. Taylor, with entire success ; that his
whole apiary of 180 colonies had been fed
without heating an ounce of syrup. The
plan that B. Taylor described was given in
Gleanings, page 49G.

Briefly stated, it consisted of an ordinary
Dadant uncapping can. As most of you
know, it is simply one can set on top of an-
other— the top can having a false bottom of
wire cloth, and properly stayed to hold up
the center. Over this false bottom Mr, Tay-
lor laid over three thicknesses of old bed-
blanket, carefully tucked in around the
edges. On to this he poured the sugar and
water, and, in his own language, the result
was all he could desire ; for all he had to do
was to keep the top can supplied, and draw
off the clear liquid syrup from the can below.
Of course, I naturally concluded that, if Mr.
Burt and Mr. Taylor could make a success of
this, we could. In the first place, flannel is
rather expeneive, so I told our apiarist to
take six or eight thicknesses of cheese-cloth
and put them into the bottom of the can.
The sugar and water were put into the top
can, and I eagerly awaited results, when,
much to my disappointment, the syrup
drained through but little better than sweet-
ened water, and five pailfuls in only two
hours. It ought to have taken about ten.
It was drained off, and returned to the top
can. The result was nearly the same, except
that the syrup was a little thicker, Well,
thought I, the trouble lies in the cheese-cloth.
The sugar was taken out, and over this were
put three thicknesses of new flannel. Again
the results were not much more satisfactory.
Three thicknesses of heavy white felt were
then substituted, and still the syrup was too
thin. At last, in desperation, I went down to
Mr. Burt's, and asked him where my trouble
was. He could not tell. He had used old

282

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

flannel, and got good thick syrup. Well, I
have not yet found the ' nigger in the wood-
pile,' unless there is something in the fact
that old flannel, which has been used, is
more fuzzy, and consequently more imper-
vious to the rapid escape of the syrup. As a
last resort, we cleaned out all the sugar,
leaving nothing but the felt. Over this we
deposited very evenly cotton batting, about
an inch thick, and over all one thickness of
muslin. We then poured in the sugar and
water as before, and next morning I had the
satisfaction of seeing good thick syrup — that
which registered 45 on the hydrometer scale
used by maple syrup makers to determine
when the syrup is thick enough ; but after
drawing off the first pailful or two the syrup
became thinner ; and, to cap it all, the thing
wouldn't percolate at all. We finally re-
moved the felt, spread over the bottom a
thickness of muslin ; over this an inch of
cotton batting, and then covered it with an-
other thickness of muslin. Results : This
combination is working finely ; and, al-
though we haven't found the ' nigger,' in the
flannel, we have something better.

I have gone into details to prevent others
from making the same mistakes we did.

I may explain to our readers that a hy-
drometer is a delicate instrument of blown
glass, with a graduated scale. It is a very
convenient implement for showing the thick-
ness of honey or syrup for feeding. Maple-
syrup makers tell me that the scale that they
use is 32. This makes about 11 lbs. to the
gallon, or about the usual thickness of ordi-
nary extracted honey. They can be had at
almost any hardware store ; or if you cannot
get them near home we can furnish them for
35 cents ; postage 3 cents.

Later. —Since writing the foregoing I have
learned from Mrs. E. R. that new unwashed
flannel will let water go through it like a
sieve ; but after it has been used a while the
woof, or web, becomes more dense. I asked
her how she knew. She hesitated a minute,
and said that ne^v baby-diapers, unwashed,
are not very serviceable until they have been
through the laundrying process a few times.
Our readers will pardon this allusion, for
nothing but false modesty would object to
it. The illustration is a good one, and ex-
plains why I had trouble with new cotton
flannel letting the syrup through too fast,
and why B. Taylor and Mr. Burt, using old
flannel and old bed-blankets, had entire suc-
cess. The ' nigger ' is found out at last."

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E, E. HASTY.

T BELIEVE I have never " slopped over "
1 on the subject of experiment stations, and
therefore I can be the more free to express
my admiration of the style of the work
whereby experimenter Taylor gets at the
real preferences of the bees as to different

kinds of foundation. Pleasant to see the
Given hold its place the second year as the
standard of excellence. And friend Hunt,
who succeeded in getting a little above the
standard, he deserves a sugar plum. But
some of our heedless brothers will proceed
to draw a very incorrect inference from the
figures unless somebody heads them off.
Take for example No. 2, the first case clear
of fractions. These bees had 24 lbs. of hon-
ey to store, and they put 13 lbs. in the Given
sections and 11 lbs. in the Root sections.
Suppose now that this case had been filled
with Given foundation throughout, how
much honey would there have been then ?
The blunder to which I alluded would be to
answer, 26 lbs. The probability is that they
did not have two more pounds available, and
so of course could not have put it in. Or
suppose the case had held Root foundation
throughout, would they have stored 22 lbs.
only, and put the other two pounds below ?
Possible, but very improbable. The gain or
loss to the crop is a further matter, which
will require further experiment. And mean-
time we may sagely guess that any of the
foundations tried, although less attractive
than the Given, would have been sufficiently
acceptable so that there would have been no
loss to speak of. If 24 passengers ride, 22 in
a horse car and 2 in an omnibus, how many
(horse cars being stopped) would ride in
two omnibuses. Shall we say 4 ? No in-
deed, 24. The passengers somewhat prefer
the cars, but not to the extent of going afoot
any of them. Perchance it may be so with
the bees — a marked expression of preference,
yet nothing beyond the expression of prefer-
ence likely to result. But in getting at the
one thing, preference, the experiment seems
as conclusive as it is admirable.

Friend Dayton's new bee escape (Review.
241) is at least worthy of notice. Window to
attract the bees out by a beam of light.
And yet (honest boy that he is) he tells us
that toward night light rather repels than
attracts them, as he finds in practice. And
isn't it rather a new discovery that masses of
bees draw away from moonshine into the
shadow ? I suppose moonlight at best is not
strong enough for them to see by ; and yet
it impresses them with a sense of exposure.

One doesn't take kindly to his enemy's
remarks when the rascal pokes fun ; but
sometimes it is as well to listen and inward-
ly reflect. Hear then onr grape-growing
enemy in EMral New Yorker, 646.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

288

" Why a bee has no teeth with whicli to bite,
any more than a hen ; and a lien having no teeth,
CANNOT EAT OOBN ! So the bee cannot eat
grapes. Besides, some New York man shut some
Does and grapes in the same bottl^ ' and they
didn't eat them.' I don't know 'Whether the
bees refused to eat the grapes, or the grapes re-
frained from eating the bees."

It certainly is a great annoyance to have
multitudes of bees crawling over fruit while
it is being picked ; and a little frank expres-
sion of regret will pay better than frantic
denials which no one but the affiant believes.
That bees enlarge minute holes to big ones
cannot be suceessfuUy denied.

THE Progressive.

Doolittle thinks he gets some profit out of
the mullein-on-a-pole way of catching
swarms, which some of us had come to con-
sider a worn out humbug. But then he uses
with it a huge queen cage, with a big lot of
bees caught at the hive entrance. If a mis-
chievous boy should pick the mulleins all off
the pole would not the thing work just as
well V Certainly the pole and cage would
slip around among the branches better with-
out the mulleins ; but then it wouldn't af-
ford sufficient foothold for the bees, unless a
box or something was attached. Progress-
ive, 194.

Mrs. Halleubeck wears her veil all over
herself — no, not so bad as that, but tied
around her waist. Large, plain piece of net-
ting. Progressive, 196.

And here is her preparation for stick-em-
tight paper. One pint castor oil, one half
pint honey, one and one-half pounds resin.
Progressive, 237.

The editor on page 250 seems to get his
head beautifully level where he advises the
bee journal that doeseiVt pay expenses that
adding a supply business would be support-
ing an additional baby. And same to a man
who starts a journal to keep his unprofitable
supply business from sinking. Many of us
are afflicted with a mild sort of lunacy as to
the honey that can be tapped out of a turnip
by starting something. I know of a case
where a man not insane, who was notorious
for his emptiness of pocket, started the
business of banker and broker, so far as
room and shingle were concerned. Per-
chance he imagined people might possibly
be led to deposit money with him till his
limp money bag would become a bag of
money.

S. E. Miller (Progressive, 2C.0) thinks
county editors have great abilities in the

line of selecting the most worthless bee ar-
ticles for reprinting in their agricultural
columns.

This is the way the journalistic side-shows
look to Mrs. Hallenbeck, as per page 270.

"The American Bee Journal looks after our
health, the Progressive furnishes us with law,
Gleanings disperses gospel and gardening, and
the Nebraska Bee Keeper tells how we shall care
for our poultry. The editor of the Api. expects
to add a new deisartmcnt to the Api. soon. I
wonder what especial topic he will select, Live
stock, real estate, or what ?"

Dayton thinks bee folks abjure seats for
fear ths lookers on will think them lazy. He
has a wire cylinder queen cage that infringes
on "grandfather's clock," in that it stands
on the floor of the hive and reaches clean op
to the ceiling. A queen cell full of honey
furnishes the provisions ; and more can be
put in right through the wires with a spring
bottom oil can. Dayton's modifications of
the AVillie Atchley method of lifting larvae,
cradle and all, I am not queen breeder
enough to pronounce judgement upon, but
they look worth a trial. They comprise
several curious little tools, one of them a
crimper to tamp the cell wax over the raw
silk edges, so no meddlesome little tom -tink-
er can discover anything to pull at. For all
these things see his very instructive article.
Progressive, 267-9.

If somebody should knock that Observer
over he perchance might discover, while the
victim was gasping and coming to, that he
didn't say a bee-keeper was " no more than
a regular gambler," although he used those
words. The "idee" was that he knew no
more when he would win than does the reg-
ular gambler. Say, Brother Ob., the regular
gambler knows he'll win when the big money
is staked, and lose when the timid little stake
is on. Progressive, 265.

Doolittle puts the maximum gatherings of
one bee during its life time at one ounce of
nectar, or one-third of an ounce of honey.
Progressive, 266.

In the same article he gives an interesting
case where a rather weak colony reduced 137
ounces of nectar to 60 ounces in one night.
That was a big day's gathering of apple
nectar, even if it was thin. The colony was
down to a pound of bees, and less. A great
colony should have harvested over 40 pounds
that day. Friend D. tried to fetch it ; and
for the next three years the apple trees
" wouldn't give down no milk."

On the whole the Progressive shows little
or nothing of the prevalent disposition to

284

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE'VU .

retreat, and retrench, and take in sail, which
is current upon the apicultural high seas.
Its constant writers and departments are
about as follows : Poet, Will Ward Mitch-
ell (I went off at half cock when I reported
his supersession.) Then there is the Star
Apiary over which S. E. Miller presides, an-
other set of notes by Mrs. Hallenbeck, and
part of the time a somewhat similar set of
paragraphs by ''Observer." Also Doolittle
is now a very frequent contributor ; then
there is the regular lesson in law by lawyer
Sprague ; and " Somnambulist." O yes,
there are also some articles and editorial
notes. If one was contrary, and hunting for
some fault to find perhaps he might say the
Progressive was a little overloaded with re-
viewing and itemizing — but some of it is un-
deniably a good quality of itemizing. The
paper has this merit also, that it makes the
reader feel that he is not in exactly the same
crowd as when reading other papers. Som-
nambulist deserves a word of separate notice
at least. When the papers under that name
first came out one naturally wondered if the
quality would hold out. Perhaps there was
a little come-down from the highest levels ;
but interest has been wfell kept up ; and
probably more readers still look first to see
what Sommy has to say than scramble for
any other particular thing in the journal.

THE GENERAL ROUND - UP

Mercy, doesn't Dr. Peiro of the American
Bee Journal go for the kissing habit ! (A.
B. J., 364.) Sets his face against it, as it
were. Had we only plenty of Dr. Peiros an
anti-kissing reform would sweep over the
country equal to that which in some former
age must have swept over Japan. There it
is a very rare thing for a mother to kiss her
own babe. Who knows but what the Prohi-
kissem party is glready being organized in
secret ? To arms ! to arms ! ! it's a coming.
*' I know not what course others may take,

but as for me, give me " no — let her

come.

.Jennie Atchley (A. B. J., 367) invitesus to
believe a sizeable snake story, which her
young " olive plants " have put up on her.
The present champion yarn-spinner— inven-
tor of 1,000 bushels of corn that popped out,
and the feeble-minded old mare that came,
saw, thought it snow, and lay down and
froze to death — will have to look out for his
la,urel8. Little tree, size of a candy jar ;
hollow in tree ; bees in hollow ; at the top of

the hollow, resting on the combs and well
bathed in bees, an 8 foot snake. He was
coiled up, he was, and peace reigned. How
would an 8 foot snake look coiled up
in a candy jar sized hole ? If we might
read 8 inches for 8 feet, and suppose his
snakeship had a separate apartment until
the fall of the tree crushed his walls, why
then — why then the whole thing would be too
hum-drum for notice.

Two pieces of string and some bits of lath
make a rope ladder. And with the said rope
ladder you can tie a layer of straw against
the two sides and back of a hive for winter.
Dadant's way. A. B. J., 440.

" The bees around queen cells will fight with
a vengeance equal to a tiger's when being rob-
bed of her cubs, unless the precaution is taken
to coax them to fill themselves with honey."
Doolittle, A B. J., 309,

'' When the bees undertake to tear down queen
cells they never miss any, as you do." Dr. Mil-
ler, A. B. J., 235,

" Never in all my life have 1 had a swarm ab-
scond when I gave a frame of unsealed brood,
honey and eggs." Mrs. Atchley, A. B. J . 269.

Evidence, well, not quite strong enough to
convince Mr. Alley, is given in Gleanings,
607, that a queen may meet a drone from \%
miles away. The affair was closely watched,
and she was gone three hours. Her offspring
proved crosses, with Italian blood in them ;
and the nearest Italians were at the distance
named. This is from a German bee paper.

Dr. Miller vouches for two eggs laid in
two cells half full of pollen, and the colony
in normal condition. {Gleanings, 607.)
Very interesting, and I think very rare. But
then I believe we have evidence to the effect
that fertile workers sometimes lay in a per-
fectly well regulated colony. Perhaps this
is it. By the way, are there not many other
insects that lay eggs resembling those of
bees ? And are there not cuckoo bees of sol-
itary naughtiness, that dodge into a hive and
lay an egg or two ?

Allen Pringle is making strong demands
on our credulity when he bids us believe
that more Yankee honey is old in Canada
than Canadian in the U. S. Gleanings, 610.
What ails those hyi)erborean fellows, that
they can't hold their own market ?

Contradictory reports on the quality of
apple honey appear on page <i2'2 of Glean-
ings. There seems to be constant jarring on
this point among bee-keepers at large. One
says " quinine," and one ranks apple honey
as among the best of honeys. 1 think the
true solution is that apple honey is .isxially

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

285

more or less mixed with the bitter product
of the willows and poplars. Those who call
apple honey excellent are probably correct
as to the pure article. I have noticed that
(contrary to the usual rule) the raw thin
nectar just brought in is delicious.

On the same page a report that the British
Bee Journal furnishes afifords important
food for thought. Thin honey standing for
some weeks in a large galvanized vessel was
fed to bees. It seemed harmless to the old
ones, but killed all the ycmng brood in forty
hives. Before feeding it had been l-irgely
mixed with sugar syrup ; yet the result was
as stated. When poison kills baby bees look
out for baby humans. And do the rest of
us really need to eat poison to prove that we
are not babes ?

Still another kind individual helps me on
the road to my "potato trap." A. Grubb,
Gleanings, 623. (Whether an Adam Grubb
or an Ada Grubb I can't 'skiver.) The idea
seems to be to use pretty broad elastic tape
instead of small cord in the veil hem, to have
the bottom, with its tape, extra full in size,
and then make the two sides into two elastic
arm-holes by the use of four safety-pins.
When I get arouud to try it I may report
whether it is too much rigging or not.

RiOHABDs, Lucas Co., Ohio, Oct. 19, '94.

ADVERTISEMENTS

Convention Photographs.

In the account of the St. Joseph conven-
tion will be found the description of a pho-
tograph that I had taken of the members.
This picture will give you a peep at the
leading bee-keepers of the country, particu-
larly those of the West, and will also show
you seven editors all standing in a line. If
you would like to see the picture with a view
to its purchase, all you have to do is to send
me a postal card saying that you would like
to receive a picture on approval, and one
will be sent. If it suits you, the price
(7.5cts.) may be sent in postage stamps.
If you don't care to keep it, simply send it
back, and no harm will be done.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

GOLDEN i"u*K QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until yon see our circular for 1894. For
the price, we have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1.50 and get one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-94-I2t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Reuieiv.

RvPPtliril Mail FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.
U) IIDIUIU llIQll. i5j.e^ for Business, Beauty
and Gentleness. Untested in June. $1 00; July
to October 75c each; 6 for $4.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular to

Tlieo. Bender^

Canton, Ohio.

6.94.tt

Phase mention the Review

Headless Qu^ztis.

I only mean that in my yard all queens be-
come "headless" unless their bees prove to be
gentle, beautiful and great honey gatherers. I
have both the three and five-banded varieties,
bred in separate yards, twelve miles apart.
Warranted queens only 60 cts. each; tested, 90
cts. Strong, two-frame nuclei. $1 90 each.
Three- rame, $2.35 ; four-frame, $2.80. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.

l-94-12t. J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.

Please mention the Seuiew.

— If you wish the beet, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER.

Tbc Practical Bee -Keeper

Possesses brightness, reliability, honesty, purity
of tone, circulation, and the confidence of its
readers. In addition it is PRACTICAL from
cover to cover. Published monthly, 50 cents per
annum. Sample copy on application. The
Pkaotioal for one year and one genuine Five-
Banded Golden Italian Queen for $1.00.

THE PRACTICAL BEE-KEEPER,

Tillbury Center, Ontario, Can.

Please mention the Reuieui

EE SUPPLIES!

1 Send for free copy of II.,I.,ITSTRATED
f CATAliOGlTE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. Or. Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chicago.

Please mention the Reuieui.

286

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cut represents our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-1 6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR CATALOGUE, PRICKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
comi)letely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
hie

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Please mention the Review.

HUSTLERS !

Read what one of the largest bee keepers of
this country says. '"The queens (two doz.) came
promptly. They are an extra fine lot. The bees
are finely marked, gentle, and HUSTLERS
when it comes to honey. 1 have no trouble in
picking them out now from over 600 colonies."
W. L. CoGGSHALL, West (rrotou. N. Y., October
17, 18P3.

Prices for queens bred for business from the
above strain, 5 - S/1/VDfD. are $1.00 for single
queen; six for $4.00; one dozen, $7.5'^ Single
queens WARRANTED purely mated. I Guar-
antee all queens to arrive safely and to bo GOOD
RELIABLE queens Send for tree circular.
l3raw M. O. on. and address

J. B. CASE, Port Orange,

11-93-tf Vol. Co., Florida.

i Names of Bee - Keepers, i

a TYPE WRITTEN. Q

n m

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but 1 now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

FALCON SECTIONS

Are acknowledged to be

Tb« Very Best 017 tb« A^arKet.

They are the original " Polished Sections."

Hives and Winter Cases.

ALL STYLES.

LOWEST PRICES.

BEE SUPPLI ES

Of all kinds cheap.

Five per cent, discount on all prices in our
catalogue (excepting shipping cases) until De-
cember 1st Four per cent, in December. Three
per cent, in January. Two per cent, in Feb-
ruary.

CATALOGUE and copy of the AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER free. Address

THE W. T. FALCONEK MFG. CO.,

Jamestoivn, N. Y.

A Superior 5trAin of GoNcij Italians

The reHult of Oiirteen years' careful brf-oding and selection. They are gentle, iudus- ,
triouH, iiiHid coiiil) builders, enter the sections readily, cap their lioney the whitest
are not inclined to swarm, and are second to none in beauty, : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of young
queens, warranted purely mated, in April and May, $1.25 each ; six for $6.00. In
Juno, $1.00 each; six for $5.00 From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $4.50.
The price of tested queens, bees by the i>oun(l, nuclei and full colonies given upon
application. Safe arrival and sat isfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

SECTIOyH5, $2.(X) per 1,000. Lovetailod Hives at bottom prices,
partu'ulars, send for descriptive catalogue.

C. !>• DUVALL, Spenoerville, Mont. Co., Maryland

For full
l-t)4-tf

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

2S7

If you are not using the

New Heddon Hive

It may seem incredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results with considerable Jess
labor and much more comfort than with other
styles of hives, but a fair and impartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as set forth in my circu-
lar, will show that this statement is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for the asking.
11-93-tf A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

P/ea?" mention *he Reuiew.

UNTESTED

ITALIAN QUEENS,

From the best of imported, and golden stock,
60 cts. each ; $6.00 per doz. Warranted queens,
80 cts. each. Tested queens, $1.00 each, Safe
arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

4 94. tf

J. W. K. SHAW & CO.,

Loreauville, La.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

F0:EI 189<4:_

Before yon purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. AuRusta, Georgia.

Please mention the Review,

HATuH CHIuKENS ^nb the ]iiui»k{>
Excelsior incubator.

Simple, Per/ect. Self-Regu-
Wyiatittg. Thousands in success-
ful operation. Guaranteed to
hatch a larger percentage of
fertile eggs at less cost than
anv other Hatcher. Lowest
price 1 flrst-class Hatcher
made. GEO. II. STAIIL.
114tol3-.2S.flth St, Qu Mcv. 111.

Please mention the Review.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURPLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf

Send for illustrated Catalogue
Please mention the Review.

Home^HDade,

FOOT - FOWEK,

BUZZ-SAW.

I have for sale a home-made, foot-power buzz-
saw made by my brother. The frame work and
table are well and substantially made, the main
shaft and band wheel are of iron, and the man-'
drel one of Root's $3.50 mandrels, with a seven
inch saw. Although the machine has been used
a year or two it is in perfect order, and is probably
as desirable in all respects as any foot-power
saw made. It is offered for $18.00.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. CoLWiOK, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALiIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 1893 ) for $1.25. Untested
queens in April or May at $1.00 each or $9.00 per
dozen. Sftfe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they wiU be shipped when wanted.
2-94-tf J. N. COLWICK. Norse, Texas.

NEW YORK CITY

Is the center of more R. R. and Ex. Go's, than
any other place in the country. That means low
transportation charges. Combined with this the
fact that our prices are low and supplies first-
class, shows a reason WHY you should send for
our circular.

1. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place, 1-94-12 New York, N. Y,

Pleaso mention the Reuiew

WRITE U5 —

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on

the

Xnnnnn

BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

I T^ I

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. pOI^TlCl^OOK St CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

Jau. Ist, 1894.

ntion the Review.

{

I— % r~ r" QIIPPI ICQ Such as Hives Sections, Founda-

I J I L_ OUm_IQO TiON, Extractors, and Everything

11 1 I Else Used by a Bee- keeper. Also Clover Seed, Buck-

1— ^ I— ■— WHEAT, BEES andQUEENS. LARGE WHOLESALE and Retail

CATALOG FREE. iMM.MSE stock.^^^ JQS. NYSEWAN DER, Dbs Moinss, lowa.

288

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and aoot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

■ LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smoker?, Sections, Tin Pails,

J^and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHJS pj^mNT & SON, Hamilton, IIIS. ^

-^i\ ^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Reuie- . ^^^^^^» |^^

lUttstraifid Advertisements Attract Attention.

cms Furnlslied for all illnslratlng Purjoses.

■ Please mention the Reuiew.

^^^^ V/ Queens rank with the best in
# W % f the worid. I rear none ex-

■ I ■ cept the best Italians bred for

■ I I hueiness, beauty and all good

■ I I qualities. I strive to excel, and

1^1 have shipped to every State and

I ■ to foreign countries, and if I have

M \ ^ dissatisfied customer, I don't

r A know it. A large number of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and
.5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 band, $:^.i'0. Untested,
$1.00. Reference, A.I. Koot. W. H. LAWS,
2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

BINGHAM PERFECT

BEE SMOEEB

Pafd 1878, 188-2, & 1892.

Cheapest & Best on Earth.

Send Card for Circular to

Bingham & Hetherington

ABROXIA, MICH.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 84 12t Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention the Reuiew.

ALL BEE-KEEPERS

"WeLnt EL Oood Bee Smoker.

The Higginsville Smoker is designed to supply
this want nt a reasonable price.

The Higginsville Smoker is a "daisy," has a 3
inch Hre box, a hinged curved nozzle that will turn
back out of the way while loading, and has a bar
of fold«d tin running horizontally with the fire box
to keep the liand from coming in contact with the
hot fire box.

If you will send ue ^our name plainly writen on
a postal card we will mail you our catalogue of Bee-
Keepers' supplies, also a copy of the Progressive Bee
Keeper, a journal devoted to Bees and Honey.

LEAHY MTG. CO., Higginsville, Mo.

Nov., 1894,

l^igaq. — Or\e

Year.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

315

If you are not using the

New Heddon Hive

It may seem incredible that it would enable you
to obtain the same results with considerable less
labor and much more comfort than with other
styles of hives, but a fair and impartial consid-
eration of the reasons, as set forth in my circu-
lar, will show that this statement is not over-
drawn, and the circular is yours for the asking.
11-93-tf A. E. HOSHAL, Beamsville, Ont.

P/eaF" mentio

OH, FOR CANADA.

For 1895 I will handle the G. B. Lewis Co.,
SNOW WHITE SE(]TION&-the best in the
world. Samples free, I will make Dovetailed
Hives of the finest lumber. I shall also rear and
sell Five-Banded Qaeelns. Last year I sold 1,887.
and only two ^ere lost in the mail, Send for my
new circular and price list that will be out Jan-
uary 1st. N.H.SMITH,

Tilbury t;enter. Ont., Canada.

11-94-tf. Lock Box A.

PI.;,.- ■■;■ . :.:,. ".e rcuiew.

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOIi 1894_

Before you purchase, look to your interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. Ausfusta, Oeorg'ia.

Please mention the Reuietv.

HATCH CHICKENS „.„ .

Excelsior Incubator.

BY STEAM

With the MU1>EI

Simple, Perfect, Self-Eegii^
lacing. Thousands in success-
ful operation. Guaranteed to
hatch a larger percentage of
fertile eggs at less cost than
any other Hatcher. Lo\v<;st
priced flrstclass Hatcher
made. GEO. II. STAIIL.
to 123 S. Uth St . Qu nrv III

Please mention the Reuieuj.

BEE - KEEPERS'

SURRLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St., N Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue

Please mention the Review. ■

THE STRATTON

"Harp" and "Manhattan" Guitar,

Warranted not to Crack. N'o Guitars sold
at retail. Dealers please send for liiiisrr.itfd
C^atalogue.

JOHN F. STRATTOM &. S0^5,

*^3 & 45 Walker Street, NEW YOR!'.

Your Hon^y A\2vrK^t.

IF NOT SUPPLIED, send eight cents for
samples and prices of the finest honey in the
world, gathered from alfalfa and clover. Very
cheap. Address

OLIVER FOSTER,

11-94-tf. Las Animas, Colo.

NEW YORK CITY

i. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place. 1-94-12 New York, N. Y.

Please mention the Review

WRITE U5

Before ordering your sections and we
will give you BOTTOM PRICES on
the

((nnnnn

BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies.
We have everything in tip top order, and can

fill orders on sliort notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. poi?Tici?ooK & CO.,

Watertown, Wis.

the Review.

Jan. let, 1894.

LocEvI 5upply Dezvlers^

1 have gotten out a circular that is of special
interest to you. Send me your address and I
will send you one. Never mind if you only supply your neighbors with supplies, you are
just the mm to whom I wish to talk — to unfold a plan that will be to our mutual benefit.

'W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

ruK BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

2*»1

'®)

^IHTEH I:.OSSES

Are not always the result of the same cause. They
may come from starvation ; from poor food ; from
improper preparations ; from imperfect protection ; from
a cold, wet, or, possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar ;
etc., etc. Successful wintering- comes from a proper
combination of different conditions. For clear, con-
cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all - im-
portant points, consult "Advanced Bee Culture."
Five of its thirty - two chapters treat as many difterent
phases of the wintering- problem.

Price of the book, 50 cts, ; the Review one year and the
book for SI. 25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, JVTieh.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles anil sizes, made by C. W.
Costellow, and I should be pleased-to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. HuTCHiiNSON, Flint, Mich.

-If you are going to-

BIJY a ]5tlZZ - SAW^,

write to the editor of the Keview. He has a
new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to
make you happy by telling you the price at
which he would sell it.

Mutii's ::

EY EXTRACTOR

perfe(;tion

Id-Blast Smokers

S<nu2k^re 6l2iss Hopey jA.rsr Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son

Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.

Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

1-94-tf. Plens" t/l-ntion the Review.

EE SUPPLIES!

I Send for free copy of II1I.TJSTRATED

8 Nurnbers for Or)\y 10 Ccptj.

Yes, we will mail to any NEW NAM£ the last s numbers of the AMERICAN BEE

JOURNAL, for lS9i for only Id couts istainps or silveri: or, if you will send us $1.00, we will
credit your subscription till Jan. 1, 189(3, and A.1bo mail you Free a copy of Newman's "Bees and
Honey"— a 160 page bee-book, having over 130 engravings. Tiilnk of It— 60 copies of the "Ameri-
can Bee Journal" and a liiO-page bee-book-all for Sl.OO ! lake the 8 numbers for 10 cents first, if
you prefer, and then by Jan. 1. 895. send in the remaining 90 cents, and we will mail you the book
and the " Bee Journal " for 1895. The 8 numbers can be ordered any time during November and
December. Single sample copy free. Address,

GEORGE 'W. YORK & CO.. 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago, Ills.

292

THE BEE-KEEPERS' MEVIEW.

Root Dovetailed Chaff Hive.

IT IS NEAT, LIGHT, WELL DESIGNED,

AND A

PERFECT WiNTERIfSG HIVE.

wMtk -r ^

The walls, both outer and inner, are made of clear ?a-inch pine, and have two inches of space
between them for packing. The corners are. ol course, dovetailed for strength and lightness. The
cover is seven inches deep, and telescopes clear over the water-table, making it impossible for
water to seep in and wet the cushion. In summer this cover makes a perfect " umbrella shade-
board." The furniture, including supers and covers for the regular single-walled Dovetailed
Hive, also fits the hive. For a hive for AIjL PURPOSES we know of nothing better. It
weighs, when packed with chaff, only five pounds more than the same capacity in the single wall.
As to WINTERING, we have tested this hive thoroughly, and know it to be a success. By
the way, don't forget that we have a

IDo^v^eta-ileci ^Winter Oa,se

Designed for use as a protection in wintering, for the regular single-walled Dovetailed Hive. It is
made up of the same cover as shown above, and the same outside wall. Write for prices and par-
ticulars on both the winter case and Dovetailed Chaff Hive before you place your order.
A 52-page Catalog sent free.

The A. I. ROOT Co., Medina, Ohio.

•AUGHTERS of one of Doolittle's best,
5 - banded breeders mated to selected
drones from Jennie Atchley's .5 - banded
strain, untested, 60 cts ; tested, 90 cts. ;

extra yellow. $1.25.

5-94-tf L. H. ROBEY, Worthington, W. Va.

World'j Fair A\cd2il

Awarded my FOUNDATION. Send for
Free Sample and Large Illustrated Price List of
everything needed in the apiary.

M. H. HUNT,

9-94-tf Bell Branch, Mich.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOONDHIOH

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat - Bottom FoiiiKlatioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.

Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,

(SOLE MANUFAOTUREKS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N-Y

Please mention the Reuiew.

FR££ : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-12t

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

OF BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

194-12t. RIVER FALLS. WIS.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

MO N F Y R FT I J R N F n *•' '^^^ i^iyin- porter bee escapes
vyiNL-I ni_l KJ TW^L^lJ not satisfied after testing thcni. Prominent
iH'o-kecpers everywlierc use iind highly rt'comniciul tlicin as the best. No others received a
World's Fair award. Testimonials, etc.. free. Prices: Each, postpaid with directions. 20 cts.;
per doz., $3.2.'). Order fiotu your dealer, or the laiifrs., R.&E. C. PORTER, lEWlSTOWN, ILL.

e (5)ee-

eepeps' jHev^ieCi;

A MONTHLY JOURNAL
Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers,

$L00 A YEAR,
w. z. HUTCHISON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL. VIL FLINT, MICHIGAN, NOV. 10. 1894. NO.

Work at IVEidiigan's

Experimental

Apiary.

B. L. TAYLOB, APIABI8T.
COMB FOUNDATION TESTS.

njHE other
T' point of spe-
cial importance
to be considered
in determining
the comparative
value of different
samples of foun-
d at ions is the
thinness to which
the bees work the
septum in draw-
ing it out into
comb. The superiority of comb honey car-
rying the least possible amount of wax is
readily seen and appreciated. Probably
this kind is only obtained when the bees are
compelled to build natural comb for its pro-
duction during very warm weather and while
nectar is coming in freely. During cool
weather the bees find the wax not so readily
worked and when nectar comes in slowly the
bees seem to produce more wax than is ab-
solutely necessary to contain the honey
gathered and in each case so much wax is
used that the comb honey produced under
such circumstances is often decidedly in-

ferior. No doubt that made from found i-
tion is often inferior, too, especially if the
foundation is of poor quality, but the api-
arist cannot well forego its use if it can be
so made that the comb made from it ap-
proaches natural comb in appearance, light-
ness and friability. That it can be so made
was amply demonstrated by experiments
instituted last year for the purpose of di-
recting attention to the desirability and pos-
sibility of improving the quality of founda-
tion. That the object had in view has been
accomplished to a most gratifying degree is
amply demonstrated by the wonderful ap-
parent improvement in the quality of the
samples of the foundation, made by some of
the leading manufacturers, which were used
in the tests the present year, notably that
made by the Dadants and that made by Root.
In consequence of the experiments made
last year very earnest and commendable ef-
forts were made especially by A. I. Root in
the direction of improving the machinery
used in making foundation and it is pre-
sumed also in the direction of improving
the methods of manipulating wax. That so
much apparent progress has been made is
highly encouraging and gives abundant
promise of rapid and permanent advance-
ment. But with the manufacturers this is
an experimental stage which is therefore a
laborious and expensive one and the temp-
tation on their part to slacken their effort
must be combatted on the part of bee-keep-
ers by a faithful and public pointing out of
every defect that appears in foundation sent

294

THE BEE-KEEPEUIS- HE VIEW'.

out. It is only thus that the experimental
stage can be safely passed and the perma-
nent superiority of foundation es.ablished.

The same course was pursued this year as
last to determine tlie amount of wax in the
comb drawn out from the several samples
of foundation tested. First a section of
comb made from each of the samples of
foundation to be tested was selected, the
honey was extracted and the combs then
thoroughly washed and dried. Then each
comb was trimmed to a given thickness,
about half an inch, and with a tool somewhat
after the fashion of a small cake cutter a
circular piece was cut from each comb. At
a temperature of about 80° F, all this was
done nicely and with apparent exactness.
These pieces were secured primarily for the
weighing test. This test was made at the
laboratory of Dr. Kedzie of the Agricultural
College and the samples of comb were hen
used by Dr. Beal for measuring the thick-
ness of the septa of each by means of the
micrometer. Septa from the same sections
as these pieces of comb were taken were used
for securing the measurements taken at the
establishment of A. I. Root of Medina, Ohio.
These combs and septa were designated by
letters of the alphabet. which were used with

significations as follows :

A. Van Deusen's flat-bottom foundation.

B, E, H, L, O, R each stands for founda-
tion made on the Given press with the plates
set so closely that some of the septa of the
foundation were pierced with small holes by
the close pressure of the dies.

C, F, I, M, P, S. The Given.

D. The Hunt.

G. The Given-Hunt.

K. The Root.

N. The Dadant.

Q. The Root-Hunt.

The weighing resulted as follows :

Weight in grains : A, 1.8635 ; B, 1.9882

C, 1.9G04 ; D, 1.8816 ;

G, 2.2938 ; H, 1.8270 ;

L, 1.8012 ; M, 1.8685 ;

P, l.g572 ; Q, 1.8408 ;

E, 1.6889 ; F, 1.8618

I, 1.9509; K, 1.6245

N, 1.6615; O, 1.8013

R, 1.7010 ; S, 1.8625.

The tables showing the thickness of the
septa of the several sorts of comb in ten
thousandths of an inch here follow. Three
or four measurements of each specimen
were taken. The figures are given in detail
that the differences and ditficulties may be
seen. After getting Dr. Real's first measure-
ment the results seemed to call for verifica-
tion, so I secured a second which is also
given.

MR. boot's MBASUKEMENTS.

ABCDE FGH IKLMNOPQRS

80 60 60 80 65 60 7'i 60 65 55 60 70 50 60 60 70 60 60

70 60 60 70 60 70 70 50 65 50 60 60 6o 70 70 60 50 40

70 55 70 60 70 70 80 65 70 60 60 60 60 60 55 70 50 60

80_ 60 70_ 70_ 70_ 60 70 60 70 65 60 60 50 80 65 70 50 60

Total 300 235 260 280 265 260 290 235 270 230 240 250 320 270 250 270 210 220

Average 75 59 65 70 66 65 73 59 68 58 60 63 55 68 63 68 53 55

DB. seal's FIB8T MEA8UBEMENT.

ABCDEFGH IKLMNOPQRS

20 .17 .14 .15 18 .15 .17 .12 .17 .13 .14 .11 .11 .10 .115 .11 .13 .12

In Millimeters. .20 15 -15 .16 19 .1^5.19 .14 .17 .13 16 .12 .12 .11 .11 10.14 .12

.20 .16 .19 19 2o 21 _. 4 .17 .17 .14 .17 .U .115 .12 .13 .12 .14 .13

Average iii Mill. .20 .16 .16 .166 19 .175'Tl66'7l43 17 .133 .156 .123 115 .11 .118 .11 -136 .123

Av. in 10,000th in. 78 63 63 68 75 69 66 56 67 52 62 49 45 43 46 43 54 49

DR. BEAl's second MEASUREMENT.

ABCDEF GHIKLMNOPQRS

95 70 80 90 65 100 60 75 80 60 80 50 50 50 50 50 60 60

In 10,000th inches. 9J 75 70 65 70 70 55 60 80 60 70 60 50 45 60 47 60 55

100 55 70 70 55 65 63 50 60 6^) 60 50 50 50 50 47 55 55

Total 285 200 220 225 190 235 178 185 220 180 210 16i) 150 145 160 144 175 170

Average ,. 95 67 73 75 63 78 59 62 73 60 70 53 50 48 53 48 58 57

THE GENERAL, AVERAGE.

ABCDEFGH IKLMNOPQRS

Root's average 75 59 65 7i> 66 65 73 .59 68 58 60 63 55 68 63 68 53 55

Seal's 1st average 78 63 63 66 75 69 66 .56 67 52 62 49 45 43 46 43 54 49

Beal's 2nd average 95 67 72 75 63 78 59 627360 70 53 50 48 53 48 58 57

Total 248 189 200 211 204 212 198" 177 208 170"l92"l65 150 159 162 159 165 161

(leneral averaere 83 63 67 70 68 71 66 59 69 57 64 55 .50 53 54 53 55 54

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

295'

Along with the following succinct state-
ment of the general results obtained the
present year is placed for comparison the re-
sults of last year in the cases where founda-
tion of like manufacture and of the same or
similar weight was then tested.

1S94. 1893.
Given foundation, punctured bases .60.3

" " ordinary 61.6 68

Van Ueusen foundation 83 73

Root " 57 84

Dadant " 50 89

Hunt " 70

GrivenHuut " 66

Root-Hunt " 53

Natural comb 56.5

either pared down the septa or else manipu-
lated the entire wax of the septa, usin<^ for
them only what was necessary, so th:it ilie
resulting comb does not suffer at ail so far as
thinness is concerned in comparison with
the natural comb.

3. The same thinning process is very ap-
parent in the drawing out of the Hunt foun-
dation.

4. In the case of the Van Deusen and gen-
erally in a greater or less degree in the case
of that made on the Given press the process
has been changed to a thickening one.

40 50 43 63

79 71 46

. 27

13X 16X 14X ai

26X 23X 15X

■ P-l . 5P3 . .0; -Tj

Beal's Measurements in 24 14 14 12 20

lOOths Millimeters. 26 17 17 14 21

31 9 19 17 22

Total ,

Average

Average in 10,000th of an inch 106 52 66 56

40 40 40 60

Root's Measurements in 30 40 45 55

10,000th of an inch. 20 40 50 55

40 40 50 50

Total 130 160 185 220 380

Average 33 40 46 55 95

THE GENEBAL AVEBAGE.

Beal's Average 106 52 66 56 83

Root's Average 33 40 46 55 95

Total 139 92 112 111 178

General Average 70 46 56 56 89

0 .

d el

^ a

88 104 93 60

100

110

100

110

440 290 190

110

104
110

93
73

214 166 108

107

83 54

In the study of these experiments atten-
tion is called to the following points :

1. In all cases except the Van Deusen
there seems to have been an improvement
in the foundation over that used in 1893, and
in the case of the Van Deusen it is to be
noted that the bees accepted only the sep-
tum, which was shown by their removing the
cell walls and building instead more or less
regular drone cells.

2. Most remarkable is the improvement
in the foundations made by Root and by the
Dadants in so far as the lightness of the
septa is concerned. By a comparison with
the measurements of the septa of the un-
worked foundation as shown in the table on
this page it will be seen that the foundation
has been so skillf ally made that the bees have

5. In point of thinness of base of the
comb produced the foundations stand in the
following order : The Dadant first then in
their order the Root, the Given, the Hunt
and the Van Deusen.

6. The comparison by weighing places
them in substantially the same order. Where
there is a variance it is reasonably account-
ed for by the difference in the size of the
cells. Thus the Van Deusen had it carried
the amount of cell walls that would have
been necessary for worker comb would evi-
dently have been of considerably greater
weight.

It would, of course, be of great interest to
know the methods and the peculiarities of
the wax used in making the foundation
which seems to disclose such a decided ad-

296

THE BEE-KEEPERS ' REVIEW

vance over what has been made heretofore.
It is to be hoped that the improvement has
been made wittingly so that a knowledge of
it may be perpetuated if not disseminated.
In order to determine what the utmost exist-
ing skill and knowledge could produce, the
peverai manufacturers were acquainted with
the use to which the foundation was to be
put when it was ordered and the question
arises whether all the foundation made was
of equal quality. To determine this it is ap-
parent that future experiments should be
made with foundation so procured that it
cannot have been made with the express pur-
pose of having it used for experimentation.

Lapeeb, Mich., Nov. 21, 1894.

;V>?V^^g|..e«^>,2f<;^

Notes From Foreign Jonrnals.

KATHEBINE M. INGLIS.

HERR Julius Stengel, in the Bienen Vater,
argues that wax is a product by itself
in the vegetable world, that it is not man-
ufactured by the bees from honey ; in fact
is not produced by them, but simply repro-
duced. The pollen in flowers, he says, is
covered with a thin coating of wax to pro-
tect it from moisture, and this wax the bee
takes into its system with the pollen it needs
for nourishment.

He divides bees and their relatives into
two classes, those that eat honey but no pol-
len, and those that eat both. Those of the
first class (wasps, ants, etc.) do not produce
wax, while many of the second class do.
Therefore, he judges that the production of
wax stands in close connection with the con-
sumption of pollen.

All insects that do not live in colonies like
the bees and humble bees, cannot build wax
cells. Such creatures build cylindrical cells
from pieces of fresh leaves, with a close cov-
er at each end. He, himself, once noticed
in his strawberry bed that great pieces were
bitten out of the leaves. He thought of a
caterpillar or beetle, but could find none.
One day while standing by the bed he saw a
little grey bee light on a leaf, cut out a large
piece in an instant, and disappear with it
into a hole in the wall. When the bee came
out again, he dug down and found the fin-

ished cell. In similar holes he found other
cells half filled with pollen-jelly, with eggs
and larvaa in them but each cell closed.
Apparently the mother-bee provided her
child with enough nourishment for its full
development, and did not trouble herself any
more about it. Such insects do not need to
build wax cells, and the wax which is taken
into the system leaves the body with the ex-
crements. These creatures are the beings
of a summer, bewitched into existence by
the spring suushine, and sinking back into
nothingness before the autumn frosts. No
thought for the future is required from
them.

But the bee is different. She must, like
man, carry on the struggle against hunger
and cold with all the strength and cunning
she possesses, and nature has richly endowed
her with qualities necessary for a successful
struggle. This endowment shows itself even
in her digestive organs. The wax, a fat
which she takes into her system with the pol-
len may leave the body in two different ways.
If there is need of building, the bees set
themselves to bring up the temperature of
the hive to the degree necessary to make the
wax exude through the pores which lie be-
tween rings of the body in the shape of little
colorless scales. The process is very like
the progress of fat through the human
body. The wax exudes from glands, per-
haps wax glands, as we find fat glands in
birds and mammals. If there is no need of
building the wax passes off in the excre-
ments.

Herr Stengel thinks that only the young
bees build. Old bees eat only honey for
nourishment, but young bees need nitrogen
to develop and build up their bodies. This
they find in pollen, and the wax they take in
with the pollen is retained in the body until
their full development fourteen days after
leaving the cell.

He has no use for the theory of wax from
honey. Old bees cannot build new comb.
They can draw out artificial comb, or work
up old wax in small quantities, but they
never build new combs. If wax were pro-
duced from honey or from volatile oils as
Weygandt thought, old bees would build
continuously. The young bees on the other
hand are anxious to rid the body of the par-
ticles of wax, and this accounts for the eager-
ness which swarms exhibit in building in the
first few days. Having once got rid of the
wax they can build no more.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

297

He closes with the repeated declaration
that wax is a product of the vegetable kiag-
dom and speaks of the fact that it abounds
in the tropics, and is there obtained direct
from nature without the help of the bees,
and brought to Europe in great quantities as
vegetable wax.

Herr Weippl mentions as remarkable the
fact that last spring, from the 12th of Febru-
ary to the 18th of March, his apiary of 46 col -
oljies drank 17 liter of water, about 15
quarts.

He also describes his method of strength-
ening weak colonies in the spring. He in-
troduces a flat vessel of warm honey with
gauze covering into a strong hive, and when
it is covered with bees takes it away and
places it under the hive of the weak colony.
As they are for the most part young bees
that are carried away, only a small part of
them will return to the old hive ; and by re-
peating the operation three or four times the
weak swarm will be very much strength-
ened.

Herr Topitz advises all bee-keepers to keep
from year to year an accurate account of
the honey yield in their neighborhood.

Pastor Durr, in the Deutsche Illustrierste
Bienezeitung, speaking of laying workers,
mentions two theories advanced by text-
books in regard to them. 1, that laying work-
ers are those which have accidentally received
some royal jelly in their cells. 2, that
they are bees which after hatching out were
fed and brought up as queens because the
pressure for a queen was great in the hive. He
rejects both theories as contrary to the laws
of nature in the bees, and himself advances
a third theory that when for want of brood,
the brood-bees cannot use the chyle as prov-
ender it rushes into the different organs of
the body in excess, and develops them more
than is usual. In this way the atrophied
ovary is more strongly nourished, and in
some bees is completely developed and
brings forth eggs, an impossibility with ordi-
nary nourishment.

Gravenhorst adds his experience iu intro-
ducing queens among laying workers, by
running them into a new furnished hive in
which the queen has previously been placed
in a cage. When this has not succeeded he
has weakened the colony by running part of
them into another hive, and finally by giving
the a brood frame with queen cells. He con-
cludes by agreeing with Pastor Durr that
laying workers are very numerous in such a
hive.

In L'Apiculteur for October, Dr. Paul Mar-
chal, of the Entomological station at Paris,
gives a minute account of his observations
of a hive of laying workers, the result of his
observations being the assurance in his own
mind that laying workers exist, that they
produce drones, that iu such a hive, rot one
or a few. but the largest number, if not all
the bees are laying workers. He gives, as
his reasons for this observation and record,
that many apiculturists and some scientists
of note (he quotes Prof. Perez whom he calls
the best scientific authority on bees in
France) are of the opinion that laying work-
ers do not exist, or at least that their exist-
ence has not yet been proved.

Abbe Baffert iu his " Observations during
the year 1894,,' says this has been a year of
many swarms and little honey, and quotes
as verified by his experience, the old pro-
verb, " A rainy year a swarm year, a dry
year a honey year."

Bro. Heddon and His Bee Journal. An
Honest Effort to Clearly Define the Po-
sition, Object and Aim of the
Bee-Keepers' Edition rf the
Dowagiac Times,

JAS. HEDDON.

"The dignity of a business may be known by
its literature."

T SINCERELY believe it to be a duty I owe
i to myself, to you my Bro. publisher, and
in a much broader sense, to the bee-keepers
with whom and for whom I have struggled
for over a quarter of a century, to now do
what little one man may, in the improve-
ment of our apicultural literature. I have
been credited with making improvements in
our fixtures, implements and methods ;
changes which have proved remunerative to
those who have understood and adopted
them, and I am sure that not less needed are
changes in our special literature.

In replying to your editorial on pages
274-5, I desire in the beginning to correct at
least one important misconception of yours.
Your inference — as forcible as an assertion
— that I feel hurt because some of the jour-
nals do not mention the Quarterly, is en-
tirely wrong. So far as my interest is con-
cerned, both as relates to my reputation and

298

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

business progress, it is no doubt better for
me that the journals in question have not
mentioned the Quarterly, I will never cen-
sure any one for not mentioning me or
mine; I only a^k that when they do, they
will ttrll the truth and the whole truth. My
reason for calling and re-calling attention to
their attitude toward the "new-born," was
to offer further evidence of facts I had pre-
viously st teJ, coucerning wrongs which
some of these journals had perpetrated upon
me. The ignoring of the Quarterly certain-
amounts to proof positive in this
direction. Why should I noxo want them to
notice the Quarterly ? All the other journals
have done so, and also inserted my adver-
tisement (except the Api. which I supposed
was dead, as I had heard so, and it didn't
come to my desk.) How mauy subscribers
have these journals that do not kuow of the
existence of the Quarterly, after all the other
journals have advertised it and I have mailed
out many thousand sample copies ? Tiie
course these journals have pursued, aud are
yet pursuing, is a course they cannot fol-
low ; one they cannot maintain. Their po-
sition, not only regarding the Quarterly, but
many other things, is too untenable to stand
the shot aud shell of any journal which tells
the truth, without the opportunity of their
replying.

Gleanings may claim, as I think it has,
that it did mention the Quarterly, but it did
not make any formal mention, such as is
usually made, and the first really editorial
mention was suggested by a circular I issued,
stating that the Quarterly had been rejected
by the government as second class matter,
and that the same matter would be mailed
under the title of the Bee-Keeper's, extra
edition of The Dowagiac Times. Gleaniugs
embraced this opportunity to reiterate my
first mention, but very carefu'ly avoided the
second, giving its readers the idea that the
Quarterly was no more.

In answering your editorial, it becomes
proper and I trust your readers will pardon
me for embracing the opportunity of admit-
ting some of your statements which seem to
me to favor my side of this serious and im-
portant question ; important to the success
of honey producers (and inventors who do
most to aid them) because it is a fact that
during the past few years, while our litera-
ture has been increasing in quantity, it has
fearfully degenerated in quality. I refer to
your statements that each number of the

Quarterly has been better than the one pro-
ceeding it ; that Bro. Heddon is an unusually
bright bee-keeper ; that he is really what
might he called brilliant ; that you doubt
if there is a bee-keeper in the country who
can make more clear money out of honey
producing, and that in the Quarterly this
same Heddou is unfolding the different plans
whereby he is enabled to raise honey so
cheaply. For argument's sake, let us sup-
pose these statements to be true ; aud cer-
tainly I know of no Bro. from whom such
statements would carry more force, because
we not only know that you are an excellent
publisher, but a past and present practical
and successful honey-producer. If what you
say is true, added to what Prof. Cook and
many others have said, viz., that Heddon is
a good writer and thinker, don't you think,
that in his cool, deliberate moments, Hed-
don knows what he is doing for himself and
for others, in his endeavor to improve our
bee literature in his own characteristic way ?

You also state that it is bad "policy" to
" take off our gloves " and strike straight
from the shoulder at the abuses I have pre-
viously mentioned. Who, do you think, is a
better judge of policy than the politician
from whence he derives his name ? I sup-
pose the lawyer knows something of cause
and effect ; that he is somewhat of an analy-
zer and advocate. Do either of these classes
go honey-fugling about, beating around the
bush, when they endeavor to prove a fact ?
You are simply mistaken, Bro, Hutchinson.
Abuses, must be corrected, with " gloves
off." Every government on earth, acts ac-
cording to this policy.

At our house, we have just been enlarging
and building on a kitclieu and dining room,
and we had to tear down before we could re-
build, for we could not evade the rule that
" chaos comes before order," and that two
bodies cannot occupy tha same space at the
same time. The same law holds good in the
metaphysical world ; a man cannot harbor
truth and error at the same time on the same
subject, and it is just as legitimate and just
as necessary, in this cleansing of our litera-
ture, that we clear out the present corrup-
tion, making room for the truth, as that you
destroy the old box hive when transferring
into the movable frame.

You accuse me of being sarcastic and prid-
ing myself upon handling questions with my
" gloves off." While I regret the manner in
which you did it, I sincerely thank you for

IHE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW^

299

the eulogy you unintentionally bestowed
upon me. Do you want me, when endeavor-
ing to replace error with important truth, to
adopt that sort of indescribable, chamelon-
colored thing, *' prudence," which has been
so much used in our literature as a substitute
for principle, and which is so nearly allied
to hypocrisy that it is ever merging into it ?
I have seen so much of this, that I am simply
disgusted with it. If I am to be censured
for calling attention to, and commenting
upon weaknesses in our bee literature, weak-
nesses of which each reader can examine and
decide for himself, what does a man deserve
who, without positive evidence, publishes
me to the world as a criminal ? Whether I
had adulterated honey or not, was it any-
thing less than both foolish and wrong to
attack a well known honey producer with
such a libelous charge before he possessed
any evidence with which he dared to bring
the matter to an issue ?

I do not hate any of my Bro. publishers or
bee-keepers, because the worst have some
apparent good in them ; but I feel sure I see,
cropping out, moral and mental weaknesses
which I do hate. I do not hate a man be-
cause he has the measles, but I hate the
measles because it has the man.

If there ever was a time when our bee lit-
erature fearfully needed the sharpest of
" criticism," it is now when so little of real
worth is found in some of the oldest jour-
nals, and the ever increasing space is being
filled with irreleveiit, side issues. It seems
strange that you haven't before found out
that a vast number of bee-keepers are get-
ting awfully sick of the twaddle found in the
columns of some of the journals. Better
that we had the ludepuudent, out-spoken,
sarcastic times when father Laugstroth was
being robbed, than a siszzle-sozzle, wisha-
washa, mutual admiration society, that is
casting back shadows over the future pros-
perity of honey producers.

Your belief that the inception of the
Quarterly was to furnish an outlet for my
pent up feelings, is not true, if you mean
fealings of personal injuries alone. I feel
that the whole bee-keeping fraternity is be-
ing deceived and wronged. My feelings may
be wrought up to a point of usefulness and
reform over the glaring errors and hypocrit-
ical falsehoods being foisted upon no small
portion of our honest honey producers. Did
you ever stop to think how a glaring false-
hood, alone, will agitate a lover of truth;?

It may be well for me to tell you now and
here, that I am not spending much time
in loving or endeavoring to " love my ene-
mies ;" it is not natural. I am not return-
ing good for evil, I haven't met any person
who is, and the few who have claimed it, I
believe to be hypocrites, for I notice they
are hardly able to treat their friends and
benefactors decently. Is it possible that
those enemies— lovers— spend their entire
slock of love upon those who despitefully
use them, leaving nothing but hatred, re-
venge or neglect, for their friends ? If such
deportment is Christian, then Christianity
is a failure, for no one practices it, and not
a government on earth is builded or acts
upon that principle. All nations and all
people return good for good and justice for
evil. If we return good for evil, what shall
we return for good ? What have we left in
stock to return for justice, virtue, benevo-
lence, kindness, honesty and morality ? I
can forgive, but I cannot pay a royalty on
downright meanness. Let us tell the truth,
writing and talking as we act. Let us be
honest, whether we are pious or not.

You speak of the helping hand of the
mute journals. Those periodicals unwitting-
ly extended that hand to the Quarterly, when
they ignored ray latest efifort in bee liter-
ature. Incivility always carries the element
of failure. with it.

No. Bro. H. you do not understand me, or
you wouldn't have said, "alack the day when
one bee-keeper cannot safely speak the hon-
est praises of a deserving Bro." That is all
right ; good and just ; but it is this silly stuff,
that aims at nothing and looks for nothing
except the success of the Lttle ring, that
needs somebody of bravery enough to hold
it up to view, until it sneaks away and hides
its head for shame. I had thought you had
seen these things and had refrained from at-
tacking them, fearing loss of patronage, as
you infer I will receive. By your editorial
it seems such is not the case. If you do see
them and fear to attack them, for fear of
losing the support which enables you to
clothe and feed the ones you love and who
love you, I do not blame you for keeping
still. I will say as another has wisely said,
" keep still and I will speak your thoughts
for you ; they cannot hurt me if they want
to." Alack the day, in free America when a
man cannot speak his honest sentiment
without fea ing the inquisition of gastric
starvation.

300

rHE BEE-KEEPERS' MEVIEW.

I believe our American bee-keepers have
the genius to wake up to a full conception
of the serious harm this baby-swaddling lit-
erary degeneration, referred to in this arti-
cle, must do to the future interest of the
struggling masses of honey producers. I
pray you to believe me when I tell you that
the above are my honest sentiments, fear-
lessly presented, but with a "calm, dispas-
sionate " state of mind, made as " clear and
cousise " as I am capable of, amid the pres-
sure of other business crowding me on all
sides.

No words can be cruel enough and none
can be kind enough to change the course of
the Quarterly one iota. Logical argument
—that analysis which makes the truth self-
evident and carries with it conviction, that
which may prove the wrong to be wrong and
clearly points out that which is right— always
can, always will, and always must, change
my course ; but no honeyed words can ever
gather the Quarterly into a little codfish,
mutual admiration society of bee journals
and pet contributor!^. It shall not be gov-
erned by egotistical emotions, but by reason
and logic, as we understand it, as long as it
is owned by the present publisher, which will
be as long as bee-keepers continue to give it
the present rapidly increasing support.
Your criticisms carry the dignity and com-
mand the respect due to your ever present
sincerity, and in so far as they impress me
as appropriate and called for, they will do
me good. I thank you however for them all,
for they can do me no harm where misap-
plied, and they give me the opportunity of
defining to your people, the position I have
chosen.

If what I have written causes your readers
to do some " clear, calm, concise and dis-
passionate " thinking for themselves, I shall
feel that I have not written in vain.

DowAGiAO, Mich.

Nov. 20, 1894.

How Mr. Heddon is Regarded by One of His

Old Students.

[As I was somewhat in doubt last month in
regard to the advisability of publishing what I
did about Bro. Heddon and liis journal (didn't
know but some would think that I was meddling
with what was none of my busintss) it lias beon
a great pleasure to receive letters of congratula-
tion from many of the best bee-keepers in the

country, and from even one of the editors that I
criticised. One received from one of Mr. Hed-
don's old students voices completely the opin-
ions of the others, and, as it gives some addition-
al glimpses of Mr. Heddon's life, 1 have obtained
the permission to print it. It is as follows :—
Ed.]

Bbeoksville, Ohio, Nov. 15, 1894.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. :— I like
your editorial in the last Review regarding
Mr. Heddon. You said the right thing in
the right place and no one else could have
said the same and had it taken as well by
both sides.

I wish all of the fraternity knew Mr. H. as
well as I do. He seems to have an unnappy
faculty of making himself misunderstood.
The little incident of the Chicago conven-
tion which you gave calls to mind one of
many which came under my notice while
with him. It was when Father Langstroth
was there visiting Mr. Heddon that he (Mr.
Heddon) begged the privilege of having
Father Langstroth fill the pulpit in the Con-
gregational church one Sunday, which was
granted. Mr. Heddon rarely if ever attend-
ed any church except the Universalist, but,
of course, he went to hear Father L. on this
occasion.

He took for his theme that beautiful part
of Proverbs, the 21st, which begins "A vir-
tuous woman who can find, for her price is
far above rubies." I shall never forget that
old patriarch's touching tribute to virtuous
womanhood, and particularly when he eulo-
gized his own life-partner whose death he
mourned deeply. I sat where I could watch
Mr. Heddon and could see the tears roll
down his cheeks as he listened to the simple
eloquence of that grand old man, and I
know the sermon made a deep impression on
him as did the character of Father L.

Mr. Heddon's love of beautiful poetry and
fine descriptive prose was often shown by his
sitting and reading with tears rolling down
his face and dropping on the book. Oh, he
has a heart like a woman's and his love of
justice is pure and simple, getting right
down to fundamental principles, and if his
enemies could see him after one of his sleep-
less, nerve-racked nights and be able to
realize what a bundle of nerves and brains
he is, but lacking in physical stamina, I
know they would have more charity for him.

I wish for his own sake, if for nothing
more, that he would not be so harsh is his
writing and criticism. His views on apicul-
ture are too valuable to have any of their

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW

301

orce lost by any fault in his way of advo-
cating them. Yours very resp'yi

Lewis B. Bell.

51 *■

Salycilic Acid and Borax Holds Bee Paral-
ysis in Check. — Possibly Cures It.

W. A. WEBSTEB.

EDITOR Review : — I note your editorial
comment in September number on bee
paralysis. Much has been said of late by
several eminent in the profession, but the
general conclusions are, I think, are errone-
ous. The disease, like the various fevers in
the human family, exhibits different phases
according to environments. The origin I
believe to be as Cheshire finds it — bacillus.
The starvation theory is fallacious, as has
been shown in my own experience and that
of others as well, and, further, it is found
that the disease resides in the person of the
bee and not the queen, honey, or larvaj, be-
cause I have cured cases and developed good
swarms upon the identical honey and comb
of dead swarms and obtained the best of re-
salts. I have lost many swarms, one entire
apiary of 170 swarms in my early struggles
in bee-keeping and from 20 to 40 swarms
each year for several subsequent seasons.

A remedy was given me by a correspon-
dent, whose name I have lost, which he
stated was discovered by scientists in Den-
mark, and by its use I have never failed to
cure when the work was thoroughly done.
Take as follows, one teaspoonful salycilic
acid and one teaspoonful powdered borax,
mix thoroughly and dissolve in a small
quantity of water, add this to sufficient
sweetened water to make one quart of liquid,
and spray over the bees and combs. Repeat
once daily until the bees quit dying which is
generally about the third or fourth day at
the outside. Occasionally it may be neces-
sary to repeat some weeks later, but, gener-
ally, one series of treatment is sufficient.
During two successive seasons I have held
things in check, while the disease has be-
come epidemic with my neighbors. I be-
lieve it contagious in a certain degree, but if
watched and taken by the forelock none need
fear its ravages.

Bakebsfield, Calif.

Nov. 17, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

w. z. HUTCHINSON, Eiitor aM Proprietor.

Tebms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more.
70 cents each. If it is desired to liave the Revi iw
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribing, otlierwise, it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN OCT. 10. 1894.

The mobe discussion the better, if passion
and personality be avoided ; and discussion,
even if stormy, often winnows truth from
error.

Honey Exteactoes stand greatly in need
of inprovements, so says Bro. Heddon. Tell
us in what direction Bro. H. Don't say, " In
every direction," but be specific.

The Pbogeessive Bee-Keepee is one of
the few bee journals for which I leave letters
unopened to see wliat it contains. It is
bright, fresh, sparkling, instructive, practi-
cal, and full of life and vim.

Subsobibers sending ijl.OO for the Review
before Jan, 1st, can have a copy of Root's A
B C of Bee Culture, latest edition, cloth
bound, by sending 80 cts . additional ; bound
in parchment by sending 60 cts. additional.
This is an opportunity that will not be likely
to occur again.

Pollen, it soems likely, is what gives the
yellow color to wax. When at the St. Joseph
convention I had some conversation on this
point with Mr. C. F. Lane of Lexington, Mo.
He said that he had often changed dark wax
to a bright yellow by the addition of pollen.
To do this he melted the wax and then add-
ed a comb well filled with pollen, giving the
whole a good stirring, and had never failed
in getting a good yellow color as the result.

Outside Diagnosis is something that F.
L. Thompson would like to know more
about. He does not understand how we can
tell that a hive needs more sections on,
simply by looking at the outside. If we go
into the apiary and see all of the colonies
busy, while one is making but little stir, yet
there may be a few bees hanging outside,
and the surplus capacity on the hive is small,

302

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

the first thought would be that more room is
needed. There are many things about this
entrance diagnosis tliat cannot be told in
words ; experience is needed, and at lavt it
comes to be a sort of second nature.

Michigan State Bee-Kbepees will hold
their annual convention Wednesday and
Thursday, Jan. 2nd and 3rd, 1895, in the city
of Detroit, at the Perkins Hotel, corner of
Cass and Grand River Avenues. Rates $1.2.5
and $1.50 per day. The former rate if two
occupy one room. This will be at a time
when the railroads will probably give ouc-
half fare, and those who could not attend the
North American can now attend their home
convention at little expense.

The Review does not criticise without al-
lowing a defense, hence Mr Heddon uses the
space that he does this month in replying to
the criticisms that appeared last month. I
do not know as I have anything to retract,
or to add to what I said last month. I am
not prepared to prove that our literature
does not need improving in the lines sug-
gested by Bro. Heddon; in fact, I am inclined
to believe that he is partly right, but in
pointing out this needed reform I would
avoid stinging personalities.

SWEET CLOVER.

Mr. M. M. Baldridge appears to have more
faith in sweet clover than has any other
Northern man with whom I am acquainted.
He is getting out a series of bulletins on the
subject of sweet clover showing its value as
an enriching crop for the soil, its adaptabil-
ity to poor soil and drought, audits value for
pasture, hay and houey. The second bulle-
tin is already out, and the next one is to be
illustrated. He says that he knows of sev-
eral parties that are finding it profitable to
grow sweet clover, and, so great is his faith
that he proposes another year to seed fifty
acres to this plant.

Wide, Deep Top Bars will lessen brace
and burr combs, but not prevent them to
that degree that will allow of dispensing with
the honey board, Bays Bro. Heddon in his
new journal. I just wonder if Bro. H. used
accurate spacing with his wide and deep top
bars ? I fear that it will require a few years
to definitely settle this problem. So many
things about a bee hive work so nicely the
first year or two, that there is need of cau-

tion. One thing is certain, a honey board
does prevent the building of brace combs
against the sections, and it is not much more
expensive than frames with large top bars
and fitted with some self-spacing arrange-
ment, besides, we often need a queen exclu-
der and this calls for a honey board.

Emekson T. Abbott, in reply to an inquiry
of mine as to how Missouri was induced to
employ a lecturer on bees to attend the
farmers' institutes, had only time to give me
the following hint : " Given a man who
has something to say and knows how to say
it, and then let him keep everlastingly at it,
and something will come of it in time. I
paid my own way to the first institute and
spoke for nothing, but, after awhile they
were willing to pay my expenses and some-
thing besides. This year I covered the State
and am paid so much a month and my ex-
penses." Mr. Abbott has promised to write
for the Review an article upon the relation of
bee-keepers to farmers' institutes, in which
he will try and show other States how they
may enjoy the advantages that Missouri now
has in this line.

FEEDING AND FEEDERS.

Bro. Heddon has been experimenting the
past summer with feeders arranged under
the hive, but lias not found them so desira-
ble as those above the hive. A top feeder is
more convenient to arrange, besides, if it
leaks, it leaks into the hive. He is inclined
to discourage the use of the percolator —
thinks it a quicker job to make the syrup by
heat in a large tank. To those who have ar-
rangements for making syrup in large quan-
tities, and who can make it so that it will not
granulate an 1 will be satisfactory in all ways,
it may not be advisable to use the percolator
method, but there are many who keep bees
in a limited way, to whom the percolator
may prove a great advantage. It gets the
syrup just right every time. Let us not
throw cold water upon percolation until we
have given it a more thorough trial.

Top bars still furnish food for discussion
and experimentation. In the last Progress-
ive, S. E. Miller has the following: "It
will soon be as hard to keep up with the
fashion in frames as it is to follow the fash-
ion in dress. The A. I. Root establishment
turns out something different about once a
year. For some time the top bars grew wider

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

•iOi

and thicker; now they have commenced get-
ting thinner again." I have no desire to
hinder progress, but I believe that the major-
ity of those who dropped the ordinary 'h top
bars and honey board for the wider thicker
top bars accompanied with some self- spac-
ing arrangement, will eventually pick them
up again. Have I tried the wide, thick, top
bars ? No. Am I prejudiced ? No. In the
first place, I am not yet satisfied that they
will do all that is claimed for them, and in
the next place I want a queen excluder any
way.

Associations of bee-keepers do not, as a
rule hold more than one meeting annually,
but there have been some suggestions that
the North American hold more than one
meeting during the year, one man even ad-
vising the holding of four meetings. The
reason given tor wishing so many meetings
is that a meeting in the West is not attended
to any great extent by those in the East,
hence it becomes more of a convention for
the locality in which it is held, than for oth-
er parts of the country. To a certain extent
this is true. I think that, as a rule, one-half
of the persons present at a meeting of the
North American do not travel 200 miles in
going and coming. Perhaps one-third or
one-fourth of those present consist of lead-
ers, or extensive bee-keepers, who attend
nearly all of the meetings, let them be held
where they may. These men cannot, and
will not, afford to travel from 1,000 to 2,000
miles several times a year for the sake of at-
tending a bee convention. With these men
left out, the meetings will become simply
local conventions, and these any State in the
Union can have if its bee-keepers so decide.
When the North American attempts to hold
more than one meeting annually it is
doomed.

ITALIANIZING AN APIAEY.

A subscriber wishes me to tell in the Re-
view the best way to Italianize an apiary of
fifty colonies. He also wishes to know which
is the cheapest method. That for which we
pay the least money is not always the cheap-
est. The best is usually the cheapest in the
long run. Yes, he asks one more question,
and that is, if the Italians are any better
than hybrids for comb honey. I think I bet-
ter answer the last question first, as, if he
means by hybrids a cross between the Ital-

ians and blacks, I can simply say " no," and
it is done with. As I take another look at
his le'ter I see he also wishes to know when
he better do the work. This better be clear-
ed away before attacking the main question.
I would do it after the main harvest is over.
If the queens are to be bought they can then
be secured at the lowest price, and are prob-
ably as good as those that are reared earlier
in the season. My next choice would be
quite early in the season, before much hon-
ey was coming in or the brood nest had be-
come very much extended. The greatest
objection to this time of year is the extra
price that must be paid for queens. From
the approach of the main honey flow to its
end I would not disturb the reigning queen
of a colony that I was working for comb
honey. Any slack in egg-laying allows the
workers to take the advantage by storing
honey in the brood nest, and once they get
the start of the queen, the colony is ruined
for comb honey purposes.

The point as to which is preferable, buy-
ing or rearing queens is something that each
bee-keeper must decide for himself. If the
owner of fifty colonies does not propose to
do any other work during the working sea-
sou except taking care of his bees, he will
certainly have abundant time in which to
rear his queens. If he has some other work
whereby he is earning good wages, and the
baes are a sort of side-issue, it will probably
be cheaper and better to buy the queens in
the fall.

If the queens are to be reared, how shall
the work be done ? I must confess that I
have never been called upon to Italianize an
apiary of fifty colonies, rearing my own
queens, but I think that I should go at it in
something this fashion : Early in the spring
I should buy two tested Italian queens and
introduce them to two of the colonies, allow-
ing these colonies a great abundance of
drone comb. I should then examine all of
the other colonies, cutting out the drone
comb and replacing it with worker comb.
Of course, the bees will crowd in a few drone
cells in corners, but, by using queen and
drone traps any stray drones can be caught,
and I would like the traps anyway to catch
the queens when the bees swarm. When a
hive contains a young queen nearly old
enough to mate, the trap must be removed
until she has flown. This will occasionally
liberate a few drones, perhaps, but they will
be so outnumbered by the Italian drones

304

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

that but few queens will be mismated — per-
haps none.

When the honey harvest is well under way
I would remove the queens from two pop-
ulous colonies. In about three days I would
place a nice, clean, dry, worker comb, not
more than a year or two old, in the center
of each of my colonies containing the Ital-
ian queens. About the time that all of the
brood is sealed in the colonies deprived of
their queens, the eggs will just be hatching
in the combs given to the Italian queens. I
would then cut out all of the queen cells that
had been built in the queenless colonies,
giving the combs of just hatching larvfe.
Cutting a few holes in the comb just where
the larvaB are beginning to hatch will greatly
increase the number of cells built. Two or
three days before the queens were ready to
hatch I would start as many nuclei as there
were cells. This I would do by taking a sin-
gle comb of bees and brood from a colony
and placing it in a hive close by the side of
the hive from which it was taken, and by the
side of the comb I would place an empty
comb. The next day I would cut out the
cells and give them to the nuclei, giving the
queenless colonies another comb of eggs
from which to build another batch of cells
with which I would start more nuclei. If I
found it necessary to start more cells I
should give the cell-building colonies more
bees by shaking them from the combs of
other colonies, or else by taking a queen
from a swarm and dividing the bees between
the two colonies. When these Italian cells
are the right age, any colony that swarms
can have its cells cut out, and an Italian cell
given it, which will settle the matter for
that colony.

By this management I should expect that
the end of the harvest would find me with a
few Italian queens already introduced, as
just explained, and by the side of each col-
ony not thus furnished with a queen would
be a nucleus containing a laying Italian
queen. I would then remove the black
queens, leave the colonies queenless until
they had sealed over some queen cells, when
I would cut out the cells and introduce the
Italian queens by simply lifting the combs,
bees, and queen from each nucleus and setj
ting them into the queenless hive. Possibly
the precaution of leaving the bees queenless
so long is not needed, but it is a sure thing.
I should be glad of criticisms and sugges-
tions upon the above.

EXXRKCXeO.

Irregular Advertising.

The Review has had considerable to say
in regard to advertising, more, perhaps, than
some of its readers may have thought profit-
able. If there are any such they should re-
member that it is the advertiser that allows
them to get the Review for $1.00 instead of
twice that sum. If advertising proves prof-
itable to the advertiser he stays with the
journal, and what helps a journal is of ad-
vantage to its readers. If there is any one
thing that is more calculated to bring dissat-
isfaction all round, than for a new adver-
tiser to insert his ad. just once as a trial, I
would like to know what it is. These
thoughts are brought to my mind by the fol-
lowing from Gleanings.

" There has been a good deal written in
regard to advertising, but I think there is
one point which has not as yet been fully
emphasized ; viz., that the advertiser must
not be disappointed, nor blame any one, if
he gets no return from one insertion of an
advertisement, especially if he is a new man.
We will say that Mr. A, for instance, orders
one insertion of an advertisement, offering
queens. He is a new man, and is apt to ex-
pect that, within four or live days after the
appearance of his card, he will get a large
number of responses , but he forgets that
Mr. B., a well-known queen breeder, ofifers
queens just as cheap, just as good, and is
known to be reliable. It is the most natural
thing in the world for bee-keepers to buy of
those who are well known. I do not mean
to discourage one-insertion advertisements,
but usually they do not pay unless some
special inducement is offered in the way of
extra quality, extra low price, or something
novel, that everybody wants to see and get.
But even then a plurality of insertions is far
more liable to get better returns for the
money invested."

Don't Allow the Snow to Drift Oyer the
Hives and Remain All Winter.
Almost every winter some one asks if there
is any objection to allowing the hives to be-
come covered with snow and remain so dur-
ing the winter. Here is Mr. Doolittle's re-
ply to the question as it appeared in a late
number of Gleanings.

" The plan of having a shelter over the en-
trance of each hive, and letting shelter and
hive drift over, I have tried several times ;
but with me it is not a success. Several of
our best apiarists claim that this plan is a
success with them, and advise the wintering
of bees in this way ; but I have yet to see the
colony of bees, over which the snow has been

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

305

drifted three months, that has uot become
uneasy, gone to breeding, contracted the
diarrhoea, and exhausted its vitality to an ex-
tent sufficient to cause a bad case of spring
dwindling, or a loss of the colony altogether.
After a process of time the bees seem to be-
come too warm, break the cluster, com-
mence brood rearing to replace the bees
dying of exhausted vitality, run to the en-
trance, and fan there as in summer, the com-
motion thawing the snow all about the hive
till a cat or small dog could run all around
the lower part of the hive, thus causing them
to consume their stores of honey and pollen
very rapidly, which consumption brings on
diarrhoea and death, unless the bees have a
chance to fly about the time brood rearing
commences, and even then the colony is so
weakened that it is of little use the following
season. Where the snow stays about the
hives only a few weeks at a time, it will do
no particular harm ; but otherwise I would
advise carrying the bees to some higher
ground, where the snow does not drift, or
else fix an underground cellar to winter in."

Larg^e Colonies ; Dark and Light Bees ; Bee

Paralysis ; Foul-Broody Foundation.

Among the bright correspondents gather-
ed together by the Progressive, none are
brighter than one that signs himself " Ob-
server." His contributions are in the shape
of short, independent paragraphs, of which
the following, culled from the last batch,
are a fair sample :

" Now comes Ernest Root, and says he
cannot shut his eyes to the fact that large
colonies give best results. Are you paving
the way to launch a new hive on us poor
d — s benighted bee-keepers. Friend Ernest ?
Mav fate forefend.

The St. Joe convention ' sat down ' on the
five-banders. Say, didn't we tell you so,
long ago ? But the craze is not over yet
awhile.

Gleanings editorially contends that yellow
five-banded bees have Cyprian blood in
them. Nonsense ! Just watch Doolittle rise
up and annihilate the suggestion.

I (or you) can take as pure an Italian
queen as you can find, pnd from her in due
course of time, by careful selection and
breeding, secure dark, leather-colored or
yellow, five-banded bees. Scores of bee-
keepers can corroborate this, if it is dis-
puted.

Bee paralysis is being extensively dis-
cussed lately, and is attracting attention
throughout the bee-keeping fraternity. Is
it really more prevalent than formerly ? It
may be, but I doubt it, and think in a year
or two we will hear no more of it — that it
will gradually disappear of itself. So mote
it be.

The last Review (October) takes up the
cudgel in Heddon's behalf in a manly way
that does credit to the editor's head and

heart, and proves himself a friend that
' sticketh closer than a brother.' Would
that there were more such.

Friend Heddon is going through the ex-
perience all original thinkers have under-
gone since the world began, and he will come
around all right in the end. ' The world does
move.'

In Experimenter Taylor's trial of foul-
broody wax used in making foundation, a
few cells appeared— at least it appeared to
be such— and he attributed it to insufficient
heat used in rendering the wax and in mak-
ing the foundation. He is a very careful
man, but is it not more likely that the brood
was infected from the colonies that had foul
brood in them ? I understand Friend Tay-
lor has such in his apiary. For my part, I
doubt if there ever originated a case of foul
brood from the use of foundation."

Five-Banded Bees, They Can be Produced
From Imported Stock, Are Good Honey

Gatherers— Give Satan His Dues, Etc.
The bright yellow bees have been boomed
and boomed and praised extravagantly until
a reaction is setting in, and now they will
have to take it. As a foretaste of what we
may expect for the next few months let me
copy from the Progressive a *' round " be-
tween those old veterans, Mrs. Atchley and
E. F. Quigley. It is very enjoyable and
furnishes some food for thought. Mrs.
Atchley assumes the aggressive as follows : —
" Bro. Quigley seems to be away off {Pro-
gressive Bee- Keeper, October number) where
he states that yellow queens and bees cannot
be produced from imported stock. I thought
any well posted bee-keeper knew that Italian
bees kept pure would soon become almost
solid yellow, especially if the yellowest
queens are selected as the generations ap-
pear, etc. I have not seen a Cyprian since
1884, that I know of, till this year, when I
ordered some for a customer, and I have
some as yellow bees and queens as I ever
saw, and no Cyprian blood about them. I
import my queens every year ; besides I got
two from A. I. Root last and this year, and I
received one a few days ago from Root.
This is done to get a stock to breed from
that is no kin, as far as possible, as Root's
queens and mine were from different breed-
ers in Italy.

Now, Bro. Quigley, I must see that you
' tote fair ' while you deal with five-banded
bees. Where did you get those queens you
speak of coming from the south ? I wish to
be understood that I have no axe to grind,
as I can and do raise just the kind of queens
customers want, i. e., three or five-banded.
But, dear me, I have reports on the five-
banded bees this year that would knock out
all other bees.

Some honey raisers buy five-banded queens
by the hundred, and in the hands of bee-keep-
ers they have gone away beyond the three.

306

THE BEE-KEEPERS' ltEV^jjJ\>v.

banded for comb honey, and I say so, and
will stand to it until it is proven beyond a
doubt, that a good strain of five-banded bees
are the best bees for comb honey in exist-
ence to-day, and I value them so highly for
comb honey that I expect to run 100 col-
onies for comb honey next year. There are
inferior queens among all classes, and you
must remember that the five-banded bees
are comparatively new. Like all new things,
they are watched very closely, and their be-
ing so yellow makes them very conspicuous,
and any fault is quickly caught and held up.

But five-banded bees are here to stay just
the same. Bro. Q. thinks that the purchasers
of five-banded queens are ruined, and that
queen breeders are to blame for it. Well,
Bro. Q., I think just to the reverse. Those
that have bought good stock are proud of it,
and I don't think any of our bee-keepers
jumped right in for five-banded bees just be-
cause they were advertised, but on the con-
trary, I think most bee-keepei-s who have
five-banded bees, first bought a few queens
only, tested them, found them far ahead
of other bees, and bought more heavily.
Some of our most extensive honey raisers
after trying the five- banders sufiiciently. did
away with all others, and I think queen
breeders are just as honest as honey pro-
ducers, and would not push anything upon
another just to get filthy lucre. No, no, Bro.
Q., you must be excited, drinking, or did not
sleep any the night before you wrote that
article running down queen breeders.

Now I will tell you what let's do : You go
ahead and raise just such queens as you
choose, and allow others to do the same, and
conclude that one party is just as honest as
the other. Don't think that because you
failed with five-banded bees, everybody else
will, for such is not the case. I know that
five-banded bees have their faults ; so do all
other kinds of bees for that matter. But I
say we should always be willing to 'tote fair,'
give Satan his dues, etc. The best way to
determine these things is to allow the major-
ity to rule. Ask all that have tried five-
banded bees to report — weigh them up, and
decide accordingly, and not plead the case
before the witnesses are examined.

Bebville, Tex.

Mrs. A. — You are the first person to say
that Italians kept pure would soon breed to
solid yellow, and all tvell posted l)ee-keepers
know you are making a statement you can-
not prove, and for proof I would refer you
to all the older importers and breeders of
Italian bees. I shall ' tote fair,' and if some
of you cannot keep your heads above, you
will have to sink, that's all. I kept on tryine
everyone's five-banded bees, who advertised
them as the best, until I am thoroughly dis-
gusted with the whole affair, and have lost
hundreds of dollars. I have paid the price
asked for the best breeding queens, and I
had a right to expect the best, but the result
has been the same in every case. There was
some Atchley stock in my yard this season,
though the bulk of this season's stock came
from a Texas breeder who has furnished you
queens when you were short. Now, Mrs. A.,
yon get all the reports of those who have

bought five-banded queens, those who have
had them one year. I will go on record here
that there is not one in twenty that will favor
them who is a practical honey i)roducer. I
will say further that these testimonials are
given in a short time after the queens are
received, and not one in twenty has any
bearing on honey gathering qualities of the
bees. I may not be a bee keeper, but I have
been known to get a crop of honey when
other bees around me did not get enough to
winter on. Ten colonies m my apiary this
dry year produced more than ten times as
much surplus as a whole apiary of fifty col-
onies of five-banded bees in Texas. I never
claimed queen breeders were any more dis-
honest than honey raisers, but some breeders
are very aggressive in a business way. As
to being excited, drinking, etc.. I will have
the six editors of the bee journals that I met
in the St. Joseph convention, decide. Five-
banded bees are poor comb builders — a most
undesirable thing in any bee — when comb
honey is the object. My experience with
these bees the last five years convinced me
that it was time and money thrown away to
try to make a success at liee-keeping with
the five banded bees, though I did not want
to Jidmit it, for I love beautiful bees as well
as anyone. Now, Mrs. A., you say, 'Don't
plead the case before the witnesses are ex-
amined.' Let me inform you that the wit-
nesses have been furnished the past three
years by all prominent advertisers. They
have been examined by the side of other
races of bees, and have convicted themselves.
The devil seems to be 0. K., etc.

E. F. QUIGLEY."

The Dadants on the Foundation Question.

There is probably no firm that has made
more foundation than has that of Chas. Da-
dant & Son. They could never have sold this
amount of foundation had it not been of a
superior quality, hence their views on the
foundation question are worthy of consider-
ation. E. R. Root wrote them asking for
their opinion on the Taylor experiments,
and C. P. Dadant replied as follows :

'• Friend Ernest : — It is with some reluc-
tance that I respond to your request for my
opinion on the Taylor experiments in favor
of Given founrlation, for I dislike any thing
that looks like ax-griuding. The remarks
that we had made on the Taylor experiment
coincided wi'h yours, and my father had
called my attention to the fact that Taylor's
tests agreed with the tests made by us long
ago; that is (o say, that, t' e heavier the
foundation furnished to the bees, the more
readily they fill it with honey. This is very
natural. The bees are always in a hurry
when the crop is good, and they find it much
handier to stretch out the cells which con-
tain a great surplus of wax than to wait on
the wax secretions of the wax-builders to
finish up the rudiments of cells already be-
gun. But one result, that we all know, of

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

307

this fact, is, that the combs thus built con-
tain too much wax to be pleasant to eat.
But if we owe the heavier honey combs to
the heavier foundation, does it follow that
we should use heavy foundation for surplus
honey ? and does not the better quality of
the comb honey produced on light founda-
tion make up for the less weight ? Undoubt-
edly, if lighter combs are produced, more of
them will be tilled, and this will also make
up the difference.

The idea of friend Taylor, that the differ-
ence in the filling of the combs is due to the
difference in quality of the wax, is not ad-
missible. Aside from the fact that the sam-
ples on which he experimented came from
experienced men, who surely know as well
as he does how to render wax, the fact that
the greatest difference exists among the
combs built on Given foundation is sufficient
to show that it is to the irregularity in the
amount of wax in those sheets, and to noth-
ing else, that the differences are due. It is
evident, from this also, that the Given foun-
dation is the least regular of all the grades
tested.

Why is it so irregular ? Because, instead
of being rolled, it is pressed, and none of
the imperfections of the s'heet are laminated
out. When the first praises of the Given
press were published, we secured samples,
and wrote over and over again to the man-
ufacturer. Never did we see a full-sized
sample that could be called fair. The lubri-
cant used, whatever it be, must of necessity
remain on the sheet, and is an objection.
The sheets made are always brittle, and, un-
less used at once, can not be handled with-
out breaking. The shipping of this founda-
tion, without its being more or less broken,
is out of the question. When it was first in-
vented, the press was lauded to the skies by
Heddon and others : but they did not use it
long. Why ? They said it was because they
could not get the foundation made right.
Aye, there is the rub. An amateur can make
a few pounds that will prove satisfactory ;
but show me the man who has made it in
any large quantity and has given satisfaction.
Hundreds of Given presses have been sold ;
and to-day, in spite of the praise the Given
foundation has received, you can count its
friends on your fingers. C. P. Dadant."

Hamilton, Ills.

The Tlering-Up Principle of the Eight-Frame
Hive ; The Eight and Ten-Frame Tried
Side by Side, With Results in Favor
of the Former, and Why.
The discussion regarding the value of the
eight-frame hives compared with those hav-
ing ten frames is still " on " in Gleanings.
The following from the pen of M. A. Gill is
a good sample of the articles, and is given
not so much because it defends the eight-
frame hives in which I believe, as because of
the excellent reasoning exhibited :

'' What has become of the tiering-up prin-
ciple of the movable comb bee hive ? It
seems to have become one of the lost arts to
at least some bee-keepers, for they have for-
gotten that they can tier up and thus meet
the requirements of an increasing colony,
but are taking up the old ' long idea ' plan,
not back of the brood nest with the Adair or
Gallup frame, but off sideways with the
Langstroth frame.

Where one writer suggests from eight to
ten, another from ten to twelve, and another
suggests fourteen frames, what is it but the
old ' long idea,' and that off sideways, as
though they had forgotten both principles —
that of tiering up, and the long idea. I have
not been without both eight and ten frame
Langstroth hives side by side for the past
ten years ; and I must say I decidedly prefer
the eight-frame hive for my locality, and I
live less than thirty miles from Bro. Hatch ;
but I am aware that our forage is somewhat
different. My surplus comes from bass-
wood, having only three times in eighteen
years secured a small crop of clover honey,
but nearly always enough to build up on,
ready for the basswood flow.

Now, if any ten or twelve frame advocate
were in my location, and would agree to use
no dummies in the spring, and only one su-
per in the harvest, I think I could convince
him that his hive was too large in the spring
and too small during the harvest. Our spring
seasons are usually cold and backward, and
bees do not build up fast until after May 20
That leaves us only three weeks to secure
our basswood workers. Like Doolittle, I do
not want them any sooner, for there is noth-
ing for them to do but consume ; and I have
always noticed that a colony whose queen
has exhausted herself early in the season
comes up to the honey season much behind
the colony that has reserved its force until
the proper time ; and bees in ten-frame hives
are not so provident in early breeding, on
account of the extra honey the hive will con-
tain. I find that, in any size of hive contain
ing L. frames, after bees have six or seven
frames ivell filled with brood, they would
much rather occupy two frames directly over
the seven than one at each side of the seven.
Heat rises, as any one can see by watching a
burning brush pile. One will notice, too,
that the heat will seem to come to a point at
a limited distance, the outside heat being
drawn to the center by its intensity. To il-
lustrate, go out some morning when the
hives are covered with frost, and look at the
size of the melted spot on a one-story, two-
story, and three-story hive. My bees, at
least, much prefer to economize this heat
for breeding purposes than to warm up more
room at the side.

Candidly, it seems to me that eight frames
is the 'happy medium" between too much
and too little ; and with that splendid fea-
ture added (tiering up), all that conld be
asked in a bee hive is obtained.

Right here I wish to go on record as say-
ing that I do not consider any colony in
prime condition for the basswood flow with
less than 24 L. frames. Going farther, I
know that the same colony will gather as

308

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

much surplus in five to six days, when given
two sets of comb, as will take it eight days
on one set.

Hold on ! I have got to fix up the fence a
little (not Dr. Miller's), or Bro. Hatch will
sharpen this point I have made, and ruth-
lessly stick me with it by saying, ' There,
Gill, you are admitting your hive is too
small.' I plead guilty. It is too small when
I want a large hive ; but I can tier it up till
I need guy ropes, if necessary ; but your hive
is too big when I want a small hive, and too
small when I want a big hive ; for you will
certainly admit that it would be no fun lift-
ing off any thing more than one super hold-
ing ten frames.

Viola, Wis,"

A Short Method of Making Increase With-
out Even Finding the Queens.
Recently, in the Review, I criticised the
plan of artificial increase that places the old
queen on the new stand. The reason given
was that the queen and the workers ought to
be kept together. In the last issue of his
Quarterly, Bro. Heddon describes a method
of increase that he saj s he has practiced ex-
tensively and satisfactorily, in which the
queen is left just wherever she happens to
be. Here is the method.

" In our leader, of last issue, we told you
we had but one swarm from both our apiaries,
and that one came from one of those six col-
onies worked for comb honey in the ordina-
ry way. We have had a pretty good fall har-
vest, the bees bringing in honey and storing
it in supers of combs, up to the present writ-
ing, September 19th, and yet not a swarm
has ofifered to issue ; although ever since the
beginning of basswood bloom, we have had
our colonies reduced to five or six Lang-
stroth frames, or one case of the Heddon
hive, as we used in our apiaries. It must be
remembered, however, that previous to that
time our bees had all the combs the queens
could occupy, in which they performed
double service, up to about July 1. At that
time we had nearly double the amount of
brood found in colonies managed in the or-
dinary way, and as there was no white clo-
ver, but a pretty good whitewood, or poplar
yield, the several sets of combs were quite
well filled with that honey. We mean, that
out around the brood this honey was stored.
Now, as promised in last issue, we will out-
line the speedy, slip-shod method we used
for getting increase, and tell you in what
good condition our colonies are at the pres-
ent time.

We simply split the hives in two parts,
each part containing about as many combs,
as much brood, bees and honey, as the other.
The half that we moved to a new stand was
thoroughly smoked, and the hive thoroughly
jarred, and a new, full set of combs placed
above each half, and this time the queen ex-
cluding honey board placed between. Now,
some of you are saying ' I will bet a lot of

the bees returned to the old stand.' No,
they didn't ; dividing just at the swarming
season of the year, will, with the precaution
of smoking and jarring, cause the bees to
stay just where we put them. Now, some-
one is asking ' what kind of queens we got
by this kind of a procedure ? ' Our answer
is, just as good and prolific as you ever saw,
and only two colonies, out of over 100,
turned out queenless. We took no notice of
the old queen, whatever. We just divided
the combs, brood, bees, and honey, as nearly
equal as we could, in whole sets of combs,
and didn't stop to tarry over old queens, or
the handling of single combs, because we had
to make these artificial colonies at the rate
of 12 to 20 per hour, and we did it, and they
made honey, and are in splendid condition
to-day. It makes no difference what some
theorist says or thinks about it, the above
are the facts, a knowledge and practice of
which is one of the big levers to selling hon-
ey cheaply, at a profit. We are glad to see
foremost bee-keepers coming right along in
this line, and supporting our practices,
which were fought as ' too radical,' only a
few years ago. On this line of work, of
which this method of increase is no small
factor, rests the salvation of bee-keepers who
propose to compete with future prices, and
still make a good profit on their products."

Bee Paralysis a Worse Scourge in Some Lo-
calities than Foul Brood; All Cures Tried,
and All a Failure ; The Only Bem-
edy Where it is Epidemic is Com-
plete Destruction of the
Whole Colony.
In the last Review was a long and valuable
communication from Mr. T. S. Ford, of
Miss., on the subject of bee paralysis. It is
evident that Mr. Ford is a man of more than
ordinary ability and education, as well as
possessed of excellent observing powers, and
has had abundant experience with the new
scourge that promises to do more damage
than foul brood, hence his views are worthy
of consideration, and I am glad to be able to
copy some additional remarks of his as pub-
lished in a late issue of Gleanings ; but it
should not be forgotten, however, that other
men, in other localities, have, apparently,
cured the disease.

" The idea that we both had, of killing ofif
the black shiny bees in the hives aflfected by
bee paralysis, has been thoroughly tried by
me this summer, and it has gone the way of
the sulphur and the salt, and the requeening
and the salicylic acid — the limbo of exploded
remedies for this disease. I can not really
believe that there is any cure of the disease,
except spontaneous ones somehow worked
out by nature's own processes, if it can be
truthfully asserted that there are cures at all.

rHE BEE-KlEEPERS' Rb,VIi:W,

309

1 have seen some of my colonies, that were
decimated in the spring, apparently get well
when summer came on ; but the shiny bees
are now beginning to reappear in them all,
even among those requeened with queens
from the North, which I once thought could
resist the disease.

In the light of what has lately been pub-
lished as to Cheshire's discovery of the bacil-
lus Gaytoni as being the origin of the mal-
ady, it seems doubtful whether there is any
hope of cure. I know the infection is borne
about on the body of the bee itself, as I have
seen an apparently healthy queen from an
infected hive carry the disease into an api-
ary hitherto wholly free from the trouble ;
and as I have seen the malady spread from
an infected hive to all those close by in a
short time. Now, foul brood can, it appears,
be eliminated, because the bacillus develops
only in the larvfe ; and when the infected
honey and infected combs and hives are got-
ten rid of, and the bees put into clean hives
and on clean combs, the bacilli are all got-
ten rid of, and the malady eradicated, as ap-
pears from what is said of the methods of
treatment that have been reported as suc-
cessful. But reasoning on principle, what
is to be expected of a disease propagated by
mere contact, and where, after you have
transferred the bees to clean combs and clean
hives, as I have done, and fed them on - ugar
syrup for a while and then transferred them
again, yet after all there are the seeds of the
disease in the shape of the bacillus lurking
in the body of an infected bee or queen, that,
under favorable conditions, propagates the
infection anew ?

It seems that we need the scientist, with
his microscope, to take the matter in hand,
and hunt the bacillus down thoroughly, and
tell us whether the spores of this organism
are preserved in the honey, and thus carried
into the stomachs of the larvae ; also to let
us know whether it lurks in the combs and
on the walls of the hives. .Then, and not
till then, can the disease be treated scien-
tifically.

But, after all, for one I utterly despair of
any means that will exterminate the disease.
Beyond all doubt it is infectious. My own
experiments have satisfied me that it is in-
fectious, and that the contagion is carried
on the body of the insect. Now, granting
that it is infectious, how can we get rid of
the bacillus by any method short of destruc-
tion of the individual that carries it about,
and perhaps of the hive, honey, and combs,
if they too contain spores of the bacillus ?

Our doctors stop the spread of yellow fever
by drawing a cordon of quarantine around
the infected city. This being done, they do
not physic the whole city at once, nor do they
administer remedies to kill the yellow fever
germ in the sick person, because they know
that any remedy that will kill the germ will
kill the patient. May not this be true in the
economy of the hive ? We can not quaian-
tine the infected bee against his fellows, of
course, nor can we quarantine the infected
colony against the robbers from other col-
onies, which, just at the time when the dis-
ease is most virulent, and has overpowered

the sick community, rush in and sweep away
the poison into their own homes.

The two articles of Mr. Getaz, of Tennes-
see, published in the American Bee Journal
this year, and lately reproduced in the Bee-
Keepers' Review, have been read with great
interest by me, as showing that bee paralysis
has become endemic in the neighborhood
where he lives, doubtless by the very process
above indicated. The same thing has hap-
pened, it appears, in California, I believe in
Sm Bernardino Co., where it has destroyed
thousands of colonies, according to the
statement of Rambler, in Gleanings. What-
ever may be the result of bee paralysis in the
North, it is in this climate a disease that is
destructive to all prospects of honey produc-
tion for profit ; and it is my conviction that
the only method of dealing with it is to
promptly destroy every colony that shows
infection, and thus stamp it out.

For the benefit of those wlio buy queens, I
think that the note of warning should be
sounded, and that often, against buying of
any breeder who has this disease in his api-
ary. How are the inexperienced to be pro-
tected against this danger ?

Columbia, Miss., Oct. 27.

The editor of Gleanings remarks as fol-
lows :

[Mr. Ford has been having a very large,
not to say trying, experience with this
trouble. I have had considerable correspon-
dence with him, suggesting every thing that
might in the least abate the malady. J. A.
Golden, as well as Mr. Henry Alley, both felt
sanguine that the salt remedy, if properly
applied, would effect a cure, and at one time
I was in hopes it would help him out ; but if
any one has tried salt faithfully, and found
it wanting, I am sure Mr. Ford has. Noth-
ing is able to stay its progress among his
bees ; but it should not be forgotten that the
virulence of the disease is largely a matter
of locality. While it was fearfully destruc-
tive— far more so than foul brood — in Mr.
Ford's locality, in parts of California and
other warm climates, it is as nothing in the
North or colder climates. But its very in-
significance in the North makes it insidious
and dangerous for the South. Why ? The
Northern queen breeder, I am afraid, does
not always realize how dangerous a mild
case of palsied or swelled bees may be when
the queen of said bees is sent to the South.
No queen breeder, at least who advertises and
sells queens, should allow a case of bee paral-
ysis to remain in his yard one day after its
discovery. The bees ought to be entirely
destroyed, even though the case will appa-
rently cure itself, which in many cases it will
do in his own yard.

It is positively settled now, that the queen
can and does transmit the disease ; yes, she
can carry it several thousand miles, from a
locality where it can do no harm, to one
where it will do fearful mischief in an api-
ary.

Dr. Howard, the one who wrote that ad-
mirable work on foul brood, and a scientist
of no mean order, and a microscopist, is
about to turn his attention to it. I shall
await his investigations with interest.— Ed.] "

310

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

A Condensed View of Current
Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

pERCOLATION is the word. What a lot
1 of bees will go into the winter this time
on percolated syrup. And before the dust set-
tles just let me shoot off my mouth at random
— kindo' naughty like. I don't like the idea
of filtering syrups through bed clothing.
(Old bachelor's whim !) Yes, but I wouldn't
give a cent for the man who has no whims —
that is to say for the bloodless creature who
thinks that seyitiment should have no hear-
ing at all. Man has, and ought to have, a
sentimental side to his nature. If he had
more of it he'd be less of a brute. Let's
have our filters not only decent but, like
Cesar's wife, above suspicion and snuffing.
Just the right amount of boiling and sal-
soda, or some other laundry treatment, will
doubtless put the right kind of new flannel
into the right kind of texture and condition
for a filter. It seems that raw, new flannel
sometimes fails : and perhaps the wrong
kind would always fail. The current treat-
ment of the woolen duds that absorb the ex-
cretions of our bodies is never to boil them
at all ; consequently, I fear, they are seldom
or never really clean, even from a whimless
biologist's point of view. (Getting ready to
hit me with the mop now.) Get mad, if you
like ; but I reckon it's so — and one excellent
reason for wearing cotton under-clothing
instead of woolen.

Once again. I don't like filters made by
punching rags into cracks. Too hap-haz-
ard. If we mean business let us have prop-
er arrangements for our business, not bung-
led up utensils that can't do anything else
than go wrong half the time. Otherwise let
us stand back till some one else tests the
matter and reaches the conclusion.

" When I've killed the queen of a cross colony
I've noticed that I didn't have to wait till there
was time for all the bees to be changed, but that
the bees were good-natured before the new gen-
eration came on the stage— at least it seemed
that way." Dr. Miller in Gleanings, 793.

The habit of pitching at everybody in
range, was it not really only the outward
sign of an inward vim and go that made the
colony one of the very best ? Perchance the
death of the queen blunted forever the keen
edge and zest of their energy, their pugnac-
ity and their working qualities delcining to-

gether, and at once. I do not affirm the
above as a certainty, but I suspect it. Hard
to have the very best bees, and to have them
very gentle too. The colony that " holds the
record " for surplus in my apiary was the
crossest I ever had.

In Gleanings, 764, Mr. Doolittle treats with
ability the important subject of drones for
late service. He confesses frequent total
failure after the middle of August. Yet, to
hear some of the boys talk, you would think
getting late drones was as simple a matter as
popping corn. This year when a heart of a
colony was pretty well filled with drone
comb, and feeding kept up, a surprising
number of workers reared in drone cells was
the result. About the best thing that can be
done, according to Mr. Doolittle, is to seize
the last of the drone brood in all the desira-
ble colonies and put it in a big queenless
hive. Then feed, give frequent brood, and
boom the establishment generally. Even
when you get late drones they are useless,
unless well fed and kindly treated. Then he
advises hand picking the drones, at the cost
of many hours of work on cool, cloudy days.
Just right, perchance — yet I suspect that
none of the really inferior drones killed
would ever succeed in securing a queen, if
let alone. What Demosthenes wanted of an
orator was " action, action, action :" what
we want from the drone is, vim, vim, vim.
And the chaps that lack the vim are pretty
sure to all get left any way in nature's pro-
cesses ; and the lusty ones that get ready
quickly will get the queens. (Theory, to be
taken for what it is worth.)

Last year I had some very late drones in a
fertile worker colony that were so lusty that
they would pop open when caught. As one
colony had a young queen become fertile
quite late, I credit her to these parthenogen-
etic drones, and am watching her perform-
ance with interest accordingly. This year
the storing of that colony was well up to the
head, but not the very first. Possibly the
incident furnishes a pointer both in regard
to late drones and in regard to the improve-
ment of stock. I don't incline to think the
bothersome fertile worker business wholly a
mere blunder of nature. Some utility in
some direction is more likely.

HEDDON'S QUARTERLY.

In strict speech the name of this is " The
Dowagiac Times, bee-keeper's edition ;"
but that name was rather adopted per-force,

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

811

as the best practical way to slip out of reach
of Uncle Sam's baby-killing Herods ; and
Mr. H. will not take umbrage to the title
given above.

Well, what is it like ? Our only bee jour-
nal in newspaper form. Some grumble at
the form ; but this reviewer says, Let alone
there ! Let the baby wear such clothes as
most convenient. When you make it 10,000
subscribers the clothes can be remodled if
desired. Of much more significance is the
authorship of the Quarterly. Mr. Heddon
goes Mr. Alley one better, in that he makes
a journal which is more completely a one-
man journal than the Apiculturist. All right
— only for such a journal the one man wants
to be " powerful " and tactful, and strong,
and wise. Mr. Heddon's personal opinions
prune him down considerably (either for
good or for evil) in his qualifications for be-
ing a lone hand editor. He is death on side-
issues, and non-bee-keeping departments —
and incineration to thase outlying depart-
ments of bee-keeping itself which are merely
interesting and curious, without offering any
direct harvest of dollars and cents. 'Spects
that a few years' experience, in such a re-
stricted field as he has marked out for him-
self, will of itself incline him to broaden out
a bit, as a relief to his own mind. At any
rate he has had large success in getting big
crops of honey, and knows a thing or two
about it.

Hello ! big mistake already. That was
Heddon before he became an editor. Hed-
don the editor doubts whether he can fill all
his columns with bee matter which .shall be
up to his standard ; and in that case he
actually proposes to fill up with family read-
ing. Well, well ! What will become then
of his protest against "Our Homes" in
Gleanings f

You see I am just reading the Quarterly
for the first time. He thought he was send-
ing it to me regularly ; and I felt a little
spunky because he didn't send me a sample
copy, and held off. At length I sent on my
quarter, and he promptly sent it right back
with a good natured apology. H'm, how of-
ten sand instead of grease gets into the
wheels of life without any human design
about it !

The editor of the Quarterly prefers to as-
sume the manners of a boxer, rather than
those which would become a nurse for
babies. And in his boxing he lays some of
the heaviest cuffs at the mutual admiration

spirit he finds prevailing. And about half
right he is, too. It is a virtue to speak as
well as we can occasionally of those we are
tempted to speak ill of ; but certain other
persons are so situated that it is our obvious
interest to favor them. Too constant ex-
change of compliments between such per-
sons gets to be slightly disgusting after
awhile. Husband and wife should kiss each
other, but not on the street corners as a gen-
eral thing.

Of late Mr, Heddon has developed the
rather unexpected merit of not spending a
great deal of space in arguing about adul-
teration. He does, however, one thing which
is in the nature of a knock-down argument
— offers honey at a special and very low
price to bee-keepers who happen to have
more market than crop. If we suppose that
he reserves two or three cents a pound profit
for himself (not a wild supposition concern-
ing a man who is not in apiculture for the
fun of it) there then remains no margin of
profit to pay for the risks of wrong doing
and law breaking. At least his argument,
it is cheaper to produce and sell genuine
honey than to adulterate, seems pretty well
supported by his conduct. If he is now sell-
ing glucose right straight along, a Union
formed to fight adulturation should halt him
or confess impotence, one would say.

In his salutatory Mr. Heddon says he has
made bee-keeping pay better than his other
pursuits, even in recent bad years. And his
newspaper office, worth some $5,000, he
bought with the earnings of his apiaries.
Tell you how to do the same for 2.5 cts, — for,
quoth he :

" This paper like a book, will not be stronger
or weaker than its author,"

Let us proceed to extract some of these
bits of experience. In column 4 we learn
that in all but quite severe winters he finds
that his out-door bees get through in better
order than the cellar wintered ones. But
even Heddon can't tell us when the extra
severe winter is going to come. In column
.5 we are taught to have the hive white, to
throw off the summer's heat, and the pack-
ing box dark red, to absorb all possible of
the winter's sun heat. The packing is to be
of sawdust, and not too thick — in fact much
thinner than the usual practice, in order that
the winter sunshine may not be altogether
lost in it. He finds that with five winters'
test thin packing surpasses thick packing by
fifteen per cent. In column r> he warns

312

TBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIM^.

against letting bees build between two fin-
ished combs, and declares that they usually
do bad work in that way. Our mentors told
us to do that way, and I never thought to put
on my doubting cap before ; but it kind 'o
seems as if such building has often been
poor with me. Perhaps there are conditions
to be looked to, after which all will be well.
Glad to hear him say, in column H, that wide
frames are better than the T super — 'cause
I've got a lot of them, and "keep all on"
using them. With my strain of bees double
tier wide frames are all right enough. With
bees that are reluctant to go above such
frames might perhaps cause serious loss.

Proverbs seems to have been having quite
a revival of late, and Heddon gets off a
striking one occasionally. Witness this :
" One may be a poet without being a pau-
per." Alas, alas ! Proverbs are not always
the truth any more than other forms of
speech. And how's this for aphorism ?
" Fallacy and carefully studied oiliness *

* twin sisters." And I hope Mr. H. will
not take it amiss if I advise lots of home
consumption of the following good one :

" Let us ' hew to the line, letting the chips
fall where they may ; ' but let us be quite euro
we see the line plainly before we begin to hew."

Buy when the price is low, and other peo-
ple want to sell ; sell when the price is high,
and other people want to buy. Mr. Heddon
says it is because he is confident of the wis-
dom of this that he is starting a journal and
making new investments in honey produc-
tion just now.

Here's one that is not a proverb, but per-
haps true enough to be one :

"The colony which develops the swarming
mania and then by some contrivance is foiled in
the attempt to divide, never does the good work
of one in which tlie swarming tendency has been
prevented." No. 2, Col. 1

He advises prevention of drone rearing ;
yet candidly admits that colonies pushed to
rear excess of drones do not swarm. I think
the way of the matter is this. If bees vol-
untarily refrain from drone rearing it is a
good indication that they are not yet con-
templating a swarm ; but if you wrestle with
them in any way to keep them from drone
rearing, you'll be pretty sure to start their
contrariness, and bring about the very op-
posite of what you intend.

Lots of foundation fasteners, but never
one equal to the Parker. Me too.

"Upward ventilation in winter or summer,
has been superseded by lower ventilation." No.
2, (oJ, 19.

Probably true in the fraternity at large,
but not of every individual, I got there
many years ago— and have been traveling in
the other direction recently.

At swarming time, and with very abun-
dant smoking and jarring, Mr. H. had good
success with off-hand dividing, letting
queens go without finding, and the whole
job at the rate of 12 colonies per hour. No.
3, Col. 1. Small boys at A B C may look
a little out.

In No. 3, column 7, he indorses R. L. Tay-
lor, and proposes to have feeding for only
two purposes, security against famine, and
finishing up sections. Here I am inclined
to buy two stoves and saveja^i the wood-
almost at the point of saying I would never
feed for any purpose. The section finishing
I doubt whether it pays often enough to be
generally recommended. Then, having a
location which is specially strong on the fall
yield, I can afford to put warm honey in the
combs myself, and hang it in the hive, in
the few cases where it is urgently needed.

But brother Heddon saves all the wood in
another case in which I don't believe I could
— as per No. 3, Col. 8.

" We have rows of hives in our apiary, con-
taining strong colonies of bees, which we haven't
opened— never taken off the honey board - for
all of five years. We haven't opened them be-
cause they haven't needed i', and wo have been
readily able to determine inside conditions from
outside appearances."

I suppose I must grant that (as far as he
can) the busy man" who has fully learned his
trade is to be commended for judging from
the outside.

He says tansy does drive off ants. I
thought it a hum, and never tried it. What
fools we are by being too much afraid of
folly !

Percolated syrup is well bespoken ; but
for himself he proposes to stick to the old
thick syrup made with heat— sugar 10, water
3, honey 4, and a teaspoonful of tartaric
acid.

In No. .3, Col. 1!), we have a good word for
drone sized section honey as a shade pret-
tier than other kind.

In tlie next column a fox is " digged out
of burrows." If a swarm with the parent
colony does make more honey than the non-
swarming colony, it still remains true that,
if the bees could only be got to refrain, one

THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW.

813

could run more apiaries, and so produce

much more honey with less labor.

And now before letting him go i must hit

him a tremendous slap to grow on — condemn

him to peas in his shoes for one quarter, for

the naughty sentence below :

•'Now we [Heddon] never read a bee journal
for pleasure. We never read any trade journal
for other than profit." No. 3, Col. 9.

Men go to a store for bargains, not for
politeness ; yet the merchant who scoffs at
politeness and banishes it from his store is
not likely to succeed — costs little, and helps
on a good deal. Even so folks may read for
profit rather than for pleasure ; but the
pleasure should not be ostentatiously scout-
ed. If he makes a journal that no one reads
with pleasure there'll be a funeral not far
ahead, and a scarcity of tears at it. There
now !

RiOHABDS, Lucas Co., Ohio, Nov. 14, '94.

ADVERTISEMENTS

Convention Photographs.

In the account of the St. Joseph conven-
tion will be found the description of a pho-
tograph that I had taken of the members.
This picture will give you a peep at the
leading bee-keepers of the country, particu-
larly those of the West, and will also show
you seven editors all standing, in a line. If
you would like to see the picture with a view
to its purchase, all you have to do is to send
me a postal card saying that you would like
to receive a picture on approval, and one
will be sent. If it suits you, the price
( 75 cts. ) may be sent in postage stamps.
If you don't care to keep it, simply send it
back, and no harm will be done.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

THE STK ATTOM

A.znerica.n

GUITARS^ MANDOLINES

■RE HANDLED ST ILL THE lWOINO MUSIC STORES
aft. «an Brrdaeye Mapre. Mahogany and ffoa«wooak

JOH29 F STRATTON & SON.

M&aufacturer* «r uid Wboietuis Doslera (o «U UikU oj 4

M usical Mercliand.ise.

a3« AS WUklir St.. HEW rOR%.

GOLDEN '"LHH QUEENS

Please mention the Reuieui.

ByRetnrii Mail.

FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.

Bred for Business. Beauty
and Gentleness. Untested in June. $1 00 ; July
to October 75c each; 6 for $4.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular to

Theo,

6.94.tt

Bender^

Canton, Ohio.

Please mention the Reuieui

Headless (^ixzztis.

I only mean that in my yard all queens be-
come "headless" unless their bees prove to be
gentle, beautiful and great honey gatlierers. I
have both the three and five-banded varieties,
bred in separate yards, twelve miles apart.
Warranted queens only 60 cts. each; tested, 90
cts. Strong, two-frame nuclei. $1-90 each.
Three- rame, $2.35; four-frame, $2.80. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.

J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.

l-94-12t.

Please mention the Review.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER,

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. (^olwiok, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 189.3 ) for $1.25. Untested
queens in April or May at $1.00 each or $9.00 per
dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be shipped when wanted.
2-94-tf J. N. COLWICK, Norse, Texas.

EE SUPPLIES!

■ ^®Pi?2V^rf^^e? O' H.r.TJ8TRATED

FCATALOGITE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. O. Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chlcauo.

Please mention the Review,

814

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Barnes' Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

j^**s=:7^^-:

This cut represents our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
sections, boxes, etc.

3-94-Ut

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOB CATALOGUE, PBIOKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ills.

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.

Pie

ntiun the Reuieuj-

HUSTLERS !

Read what one of the largest bee-keepers of
this country says. ''The queens (two doz.) came
promptly. They are an extra fine lot. The bees
are finely marked, gentle, and HUSTLERS
when it comes to honey. I have no trouble in
picking them out now from over 600 colonies."
W. L. CoGGSHALL, West Groton, N. Y.. October
17, 18P3.

Prices for queens bred for business from the
above strain, 5 - BANDED, are $1.00 for single
queen ; six for $4.00 ; one dozen, $7. .5'^. Single
queens WARRANTED purely mated. I Guar-
antee all queens to arrive safely and to be GOOD
RELIABLE queens Send for free circular.
Draw M. O. on. and address

J. B. CASE, Port Orange,

11-93-tf Vol. Co., Florida.

I Names of Bee - Keepers, i

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

la g|

BBraEBBBClBBBBEElBEBBBBBBBBBC:

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnisli them
at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

FALCON SBCTIONS

Are acknowledged to be

Tb« Very Best on tb« A^arKet.

They are the original " Polished Sections."

Hives and Winter Cases.

ALL STYLES.

LOWEST PRICES.

BEE SUPPLI ES

Of all kinds cheap.

Five per cent, discount on all prices in our
catalogue (excepting shipping cases) until De-
cember Ist Four per cent, in IDecember. Three
per cent, in January. Two per cent, in Feb-
ruary.

CATALOGUE and copy of the AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER free. Address

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,

Jamesto-nrn, N. IT.

TKe mejiL »€€ rouK» jit ost \

A Superior ^trziip of GoNeo Itzilizwns

The result of thirteen years' careful brfeding and selection. They are gentle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter the sections readily, cap their honey the whitest-
are not inclined to swarm, and are «econd to none in beauty. : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of young
queens, warranted purely mated, in April and Mav, $1.25 each ; six for $6.00. In
June, $1.00 each; six for $5.00 From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $'4..50.
The price of tested queens, bees by the pound, nuclei and full colonies given upon
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.

SECTIOW5, $2.00 per 1,000. Lovetailed Hives at bottom prices,
particulars, send for ilescriptive catalogue.

For full
1-91-tf

C. D. DUVAIili, Spenoerville, Mont. Co.. Maryland.

290

THE BEE-KEEPERS- REVIEW

flDVEHTISIflG t^flTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

Ou 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

I will send the Review witli—

Gleanings,

(»1.00)

$1.7.5.

American Bee Journal. . .

.( l.Oli)

1.75.

Canadian Bee Journal ..

.( 1.00)

1.7.5.

American Bee Keeper . .

( .50)

1.40.

Progressive Bee Keeper.

.( .50)... .

.... 1.30.

Apiculturist

.( .75)

1.65,

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made, according to
these rules:

Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs
strai.ght, of even thickness, and firmly attached
to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled
by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed
except the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1. — All sections well fiUed, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
" No. 1 dark," etc.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. ,— There is a good
demand for strictly fancy white clover and the
supply is light. Arrivals are meeting with
rtady sale, but it is evident that any very heavy
shipments wouJd overload the market and lower
the price one cent per pound. We quote as fol-
lows : fancy white, 17 to 18 ; No. 1 white, 16 to 17
fancy amber, 15 ; No. 1 amber, 13 ; fancy dark, 11
No. 1 dark. 10; white extracted, 8; amoer, 6
dark, 5 ; beeswax, 25 to 28.

J. A. SHEA & CO.,
116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Oct. 31.

CHICAGO. 111.— We have sold thus far this
season over 1,01^0 cases of comb honey, ranging
in price from 15 to 16 cts., in a small way, while
we wholesale it at 14 cts. We can dispose of all
our receipts promptly, and advise shipments to
market early. We will make liberal advances
on consignments. Extracted honey is selling at
6 cts. We are trying liard to crowd the market
to 7 cts. for new crop of clover and basswood
Beeswax, 28 cts.

Sept. 21. S. T. FISH&Co.,

189 So. Water St.. Chicago, lU.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows:
No. 1 white, 14 to 15; No. 1 amber, 12 to 14; No.
1 dark, lO to 12; white, exrracted, 6 to 7 : amber,
extracted, 5 to 6 ; dark, extracted, 4 to 5. Bees-
wax, 22 to 25.

CLEMONS-:\I.\SON CO.,

Nov. 28. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

NEW YORK. N. Y.-The demand for comb
honey is very light, and the supply heavy. The
stock is accumulating and prices point to a
downward tendency. We quote as follows :
Fancy white, 13 to 14; fancy amber, 11 to 12;
fancy dark 9 to 10; white, extracted. '■>% to 6;
amber, extracted, 5 to 5^2 ; dark, extracted, 50
cts. per gal. Beeswax, 30 to 31.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Nov. 28 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

BUFIJ'ALO, N. Y.— Market is steady on fancy
and No. 1 clover. Other grades are dull and
move slowly. We quote as follows ; Fancy
white, 14; No. 1 white. 12 to 13; fancy amber.
12 to 13: No. 1 amber, 10 to 11 ; fancy dark 9 to
10; No. 1 dark, 8 to 8)^ ; white, extracted, 6 to 7 ;
dark, extracted, 5 to 5J^i. Beeswax, 'JS to :30.
BATTERSON & (^O ,

Nov. 27. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo. N. Y.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Honey market is quiet as
weather is colder. . Stocks are not large, but the
trade from now on will be a "piecing out " de-
maud. Demand for extracted honey is improv-
ing. Beeswax scarce. We quote as follows :
Fancy white, 14 to 15; No. 1 white, 13 to 14; fancy
amber, 12 to 13; No. 1 amber, ID to 11; fancy
dark, 10 to 11; No. 1 dark, 9 to 10; white, ex-
tracted, 6J^ to 7 ; amber, extracted, 6 to 6J.^ ;
dark, extracted, 5 to 5i4.

H. R WRIGHT,

Dec. 1. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

CHICAGO, III. — Shipments of comb honey
should be made now or not until the latter part
of .January, as, nf ter the Christmas time, honey
is of slow sale for some weeks. We quote as
follows : Fancy white, 15 ; No. 1 wliite, 13 to 14 ;
fancy amber, 11 to 12; fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. 1
dark, 8 to 9; white, extracted, 6!^ to 7 ; amber,
extracted, 6 to 6J^ ; dark, extracted, 5. Bees-
wax, 27 to 28.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Dec. 1. 163 So. Water St.. Chicago, 111.

Wanted Single Man,

With good ex-
perience to take
cliarge of the
La. Bee-Keeper's '^Supply Mnunfactory. Must
also understand the care of bees. Having met
with sudden accident, am compelled to have an
experienced man to take charge of my business
at once ' Respectfully.

LOUIS V. ESNE.VULT,
P. O. B. No 54. Donald^onville, La.

Capital Bee, Skki Poultf J Farm,

W. D.SOPER & SON, Pi ops..
Breeders of Pure Italian Bees. Tonlou Geese
Pekin Ducks, Golden Wyando'tea. Poland ( Uiina
Swine, Bared Plymouth Rocks, S. C. Brown
Leghorn-^, Etc. . r,-, ■ •,

Stock for sale cheap Send for prices (hick
and Duck Eggs. 5c Geese Eggs, 15c.

W. D. SOPER & SON.
Farm Range. Box 1473. Jackson, Mich.
11-94-tf.

816

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — tiiat from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreij^n matters make the foundation
offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,
and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DAOANT & SON, Hamilton, illS. ^

'^\ ^^^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Reuie'. ^^^^^^« 1^^

lllnstraied Aivertlsefflents Attracl Atlenllon.

Cuts FMnlsM for all Illustrating Purposes.

ntion the Reuiew.

^^^^ \^ Queens rank with the best in

g V % f the. world. I rear none ex-

■ I ■ cei)r the bftst Italiaus bred for

III business, beauty and all good

ill 'lualitics. I strive to excel, and

1^1 have shipped to every State and

I I to foreign countries, and if 1 have

M \ '^ dissatisfied customer, I don't

r A know it. A largo number of

queens on hand. Krocders 4 and

.5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 band, $:\'V. Untested,

$1.00. Reference, A. l.Koot. W. H. LAWS,

2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

BINGHAM I'KKKECT

BEE SMOKER

Pafd 1878, 1882, & 1892.

Cheapest & Best on Earth.

Send Card for Circular to

Biiigliiiiii & Iletlieriiigtoii

A.BS01VIA, MICH.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied,
ilee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
I he country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 84.12t Indianapolis, I,nd .

Please mention the Reuiew.

ALL BEE-KEEPERS

The Higginsville Smoker is designed to supply
this want at a reasonable price.

The Higginsville Smoker is a "daisy," has a 3
inch fire box, a liinged carved nozzle that will turn
hick out of the way while loading, and has a bar
of folded tin running horizontally with the fire box
to k -ep the hand from coming in contact with the
hot fire box.

We claim the following points for this smoker :
(Cheapness, Excollenco, Stronir blast. Heavy vol-
ume of smoke and no burnt fingers.

Price, 60c. each ; 6 for $3.00 ; $5.00 per doz.

20 cents extra by mail Special prices to dealers.
If you will send us your name plainly writon on
a postal card we will mail you our catalogue of Bee-
Keepers' supplies, also a copy of the Progressive Bee
Keeper, a journal devoted to Bees and Honey.
Address :

LE/IH/ MTG.

CO., Higginsville, Mo.

DEC, 1894,

qt, Micl^igaq. — Oqe

Year.

318

THE BEE-KEEPERS ' REVIEW-.

fllDVEHTISIISLG l^flTES.

All advertisements will be inserted at the rate
of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in-
sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch.
Discounts will be given as follows :

On 10 lines and upwards^ 3 times, 5 per cent; 6
times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times,
35 per cent.

On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6
times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times,
40 per cent.

On ;^0 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6
times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times,
50 per cent.

Clubbing Iiist.

1 will send the Revxew with—

Gleanings, ($1.00)

American Bee Journal — ( 1.00)

Canadian Bee Journal . . . { 1.00)

American Bee Keeper .. ( .50)

Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50)... .
Apiculturist ( .75)

.$1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.75.
. 1.40.
. 130.
. 1.65.

Honey Quotations.

The following rules for grading honey were
adopted by the North American ^ee - Keepers'
Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as
possible, quotations are made according to
these rules :

No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or
with but few cells unsealed; both wood and
comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be classified
according to color, using the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark,"' etc.

CHICAGO. 111.— With the approach of cold
weather the demand for comb honey is restrict-
ed ; however, we can ob ain for fancy white comb
in small packages, 14 cents ; off grades of comb
honey not wanted. We have some two pound
sections which we are selling at from 10 to 12
cents per pound. Market is well cleaned up on
extracted honey, our receipts selling at from 6
to 7 cents per pound. Beeswax, quick sale at 28
cents. Liberal advances on consignments.

Dec. 13. S. T. FISH & Co.,

189 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

ALBANY, N. Y.— Honey market is quiet as
weather is colder. Stocks are not large, but the
trade from now on will be a "piecing out " de-
mand. Demand for extracted honey is improv-
ing. Beeswax scarce. We quote as follows :
Fancy white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ; fancy
amber, 12 to 13; No. 1 amber, 10 to 11; fancy
dark, 10 to 11; No. 1 dark, 9 to 10; white, ex-
tracted, 6J^ to 7 ; amber, extracted, 6 to 6^;
dark, extracted, 5 to 5^. ^ ^^^^^^^^

Dec. 1. Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts.

KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as f oUowe :
No. 1 white, 14 to 15 ; No. 1 amber, 12 to 14 ; No.
1 dark, lO to 12 ; white, extracted, 6 to 7 ; amber,
extracted, 5 to 6 ; dark, extracted, 4 to 5. Bees-
wax, 22 to 25.

CLEMONS-MASON CO.,

Nov. 28. 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo.

CHICAGO 111.— Sales on honey of all grades
have been very slow the last week and will con-
tinue so we expect until the middle of January.
We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15; No. 1
white, 14 ; fancy amber, 13 to 14 ; No. 1 amber, 13 ;
white, extracted, 7. Beeswax, 27.

J. A. LAMON.

Dec, 24. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111.

BUFFALO, N. Y.— There is a moderate de-
mand for honey and the stock in the maTket is
liberal. We quote as follows ; Fancy white,
13 to 14: No. 1 white, 11 to 12 ; fancy dark, 8 to
9 ; No. 1 dark. 8 ; white, extracted, 6 to 7 ; dark,
extracted, 5. Beeswax, 25 to 30.

BATTERSON <t CO .

Dec. 24. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y.

NEW YORK, N. Y.— The demand for comb
honey is very light, and the supply heavy. The
stock is accumulating and prices point to a
downward tendency. We quote as follows
Fancy white, 13 to 14; fancy amber, 11 to 12
fancy dark 9 to 10; white, extracted, h% to 6 ,
amber, extracted, 5 to 5;4 ; dark, extracted, 50
cts. per gal. Beeswax, 30 to 31.

HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,

Nov. 28 28 & 30 West Broadway New York.

CHICAGO, III. — Shipments of comb honey
should be made now or not until" the latter part
of January, as, after, the Christmas time, honey
is of slow sale for some weeks. We quote as
follows : Fancy white, 15 ; No. 1 white, 13 to 14 ;
fancy amber, 11 to 12; fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. 1
dark, 8 to 9; white, extracted, 614 to 7 ; amber,
extracted, 6 to 6J^; dark, extracted, 5. Bees-
wax, 27 to 28.

E. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Dec. 1. 163 So. Water St.. c:hicago. 111.

MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.,— There are very few
shipm«-nt8 coming to this market. Most of the
receipts are in a small way, and, as a rule, a poor
quality of honey. A carload of strictly fancy
white honey could be disposed of here very
readily to good advantage. We quote as fol-
lows : fancy white, 18 ; No. 1 white. 16 ; fancy
amber, 15 ; No. 1 aniber, 14 ; fancy dark, 13 ; No. 1
dark, 12; white extracted, 8}4to9; amber, ex-
tracted, 7; dark, extracted,6,'-^ Beeswax, 22

*^ ^*' J. A. SHEA & CO.,

116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Dec. 6.

Capilal Bee, Sioch Poultry Farm,

W. D.80PER & SON, Piops.,
Breeders of Pure Italian Bees. Tonlou Geese
Pekin Ducks, Golden Wyandot tes, Poland China
Swine, Bared Plymouth Rocks, S. C. Brown
Leghorns, Etc. „ , „ . ou- 1

Stock for sale cheap Send for prices. Chick
and Duck Eggs. 5c Geese Eggs. 15c.

W. D. SOPER & SON.
Farm Range. Box 1473. Jackson, Mich.
11-94-tf.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' RE VI Eli"

31i»

:©

^IDTEH L^OSSES

Are not always the result of the same cause. They
may come from starvation ; from poor food ; from
improper preparations ; from imperfect protection ; from
a cold, wet, or, possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar ;
etc., etc. Successful wintering- comes from a proper
combination of different conditions. For clear, con-
cise, comprehensive conclusions upon these all - im-
portant points, consult "Advanced Bee Cultuke. "
Five of its thirty - two chapters treat as many diflerent
phases of the wintering- problem.

Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one 3'ear and the
book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

I have several hundred

QUEEN CAGES

of different styles and sizes, made by ('. W.
Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam-
ples and prices to any intending to buy cages.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

— If yon are soing to —

BIJY a BtlZZ-SAW,

write to the editor of tlie Kevikw. Up has a
new Barnes saw to Shil and would Ih' glad to
make you happy by tolling you llie price at
which he would tell it.

Muth's :

lONEY EXTRACTOR

PERFEC^TION
Cold-Blast Smokers
S^uzire 6Iz^ss Hopcy Jarj, Etc.

For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.

l-94-tf. Pleas" Nl nfion the Revieu:

EE SUPPLIES!

k Send for free copy of It.r,XTSTRATED

fCATAl-OGtlE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. ». Newman, 147 So.Western Ave., Chicago.

8 Nurpbers for Oqly 10 Ceijt?.

Yes, we will mail to any NEW NAME the last 8 numbers of the AMERICAN BEE

JOURNAL, for IS'.'i for tmiy Hi cents (siainps or silver) : or, if you will send us $1 00 we wjH
credit your subscription till Jan. 1, 1890, and Also mail yon Free a copy of Newman's " Hoes and
Honey "—a 16U page beo-book, having over i:!0 engravings. Tnlnk of It- 60 copies of the " \meri-
can Bee Journal " and a 160-page hceboi.k -all for Jl.tO! lake the 8 numbers for 10 cents first if
you prefer, and then by Jan. 1. 89.5. nend in the remaining 90 cents, and we will mail you the book
anci liie " Bee Journal " for 1895. The 8 numbers can ba ordered any time during November and
December. Single sample copy free, i^ddress,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago, Ills.

320

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

th:ei.

Root Dovetailed Chaff Hive.

IT IS HEfiT, LKIHT, WELL DESlfiNED,

AND A

PERFECT WINTERING HIVE.

The walls, both outer and ianer, are made of clear ?8-inch pine, and have two inches of space
between them for packing. The corners are. ot course, dovetailed for strength and lightness. The
cover is seven inches deep, and telescopes clear over the water-table, making it impossible for
water to seep in and wet the cushion. In summer this cover makes a perfect " umbrella shade-
board." The furniture, including supers and covers for the regular single-walled Dovetailed
Hive, also fits the hive. For a hive for ALL PURPOSES we know of nothing better. It
weighs, when packed with chaff, only five pounds more than the same capacity in the single wall.
As to WINTERING , we have tested this hive thoroughly, and know it to be a success. By
the way, don't forget that we have a

IDo^v^3"La.ileci "WirL-ber Oa.se

Designed for use as a protection in wintering, for the regular single-walled Dovetailed Hive. It is
made up of the same cover as shown above, and the same outside wall. Write for prices and par-
ticulars on both the winter case and Dovetailed Chaff Hive before you place your order.
A 52-page Catalog sent free.

The A. I. ROOT Co., Medina, Ohio.

•AUGHTERS of one of Doolittle's best,
5 - banded breeders mated to selected
drones from Jennie Atchley's 5 - banded
strain, untested, 60 cts ; tested, 90 cts. ;

extra yellow. $1.25.

5-94-tf L. H. ROBEY, Worthington, W. Va.

World's Fzvir A\edal

Awarded my FOUNDATION. Send for
Free Sample and Large Illustrated Price List of
everything needed in the apiary.

M. H. HUNT,

9-94-tf Bell Branch. Mich.

PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOONDATION

HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES.

TMii, Flat - Bottoffl FoiiiKlalioii

HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY.
Being the cleanest, it is usually
worked quicker than any fdn. made.
J. VAN DKUSKN & SONS,

(SOLE MANUFAOTDBERS),

3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. (\).,N-Y

FRE£ : My new price list of
pure Italian bees and queens, and
white and brown ferrets. 3-94-12t

N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.

ON HAND NOW.

THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK

or BEE HIVES, SECTIONS AND

SUPPLIES IN THE NORTHWEST.

W. H. PUTNAM,

I94-12t. RIVER FALLS. WIS.

If You Wish Neat, Artistic

Have it Doqe at the Review.

MONEY RFTlJRNFn*" '^" ^uyin- porter bee escapes
V^l'^L^ 1 1^ L^ 1 \J nV^ C^Lf ii„t sati.sticd after testing tlieni. Prominent
bee-keepers everywhere use and liiirhly iveoinmend them as the best. No others received a
World's Fair award. Testimonials, etc.. free. Prices: Each, postpaid witli directions. -20 cts.;
per doz., $2.25. Order from your dealer, or the mnfrs., R. & E C PORTER LEWISTOWN ILL

e (5)ee-

eepeps' lieVieCLi

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

Devoted to tl^e Iqterests of Hoqey Producers.

$L00 A YEAR.
W. Z. HDTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

VOL VII

FLINT, MICHIGAN, DtC, 10,

)4.

NO, 12.

Work at jVCidiigan's

Experimental

^piarv.

K. L. TAYLOR, APIABIST.
FEEDING BACK.

yEEDINGback
V" honey to the
bees, to enable
them to com-
pletely- fill and
cap over those
sections upon
which work was
arrested midway
on ar-count of the
interruption of
the lioney flow
leaving them un-
fit for market in their then present shape
and of considerably less value than honey to
be extracted from brood combs on account
of the undue proportion of work to extract
them, is a practice which, while it is not
likely to become by any means universal
among producers of comb honey, is yet
likely to be adhered to to no inconsiderable
extent by such as have once had experience
with it, especially if the locality is one where
from lack of nectar producing flowers in
August the bees are likely to cease the rear-
ing of brood so early in the season as to
make the prosperity of the colony the fol-

lowing spring altogether problematical on
account of the fact that its population is too
aged to be relied upon with certainty to suc-
cessfully undergo the vicissitudes of the
weather in the performance of spring work.
It has therefore been thought of sufficient
importance to warrant the contii'uance of
the experiments which were instituted last
year touching this subject.

By the adoption of this practice of feeding
there are important gains outside of the
completion of the unfinished sections. I
find the most important of these as uniform-
ly shown in each of the individual colonies
employed in the experiment botli this year
and last to be the improveuient which takes
place in the condition of the colonies both in
numerical strength as well as in the much
greater proportion of young bees which are
points of prime importance in the success-
ful winte ing of bees in this latitude, par-
ticularly if they are the result of feeding
continued well along through the mouth of
August. Another gain of no mean impor-
tance in an extensive apiary is the avoidance
of the tedious fussy labor of extracting the
honey from unfinished sections. This labor
to be sure is rendered comparatively easy if
performed at once on the early removal of
the sections from the hives, a course which
is not considered desirable if the highest
condition of the salable sections is had in
view, and is, bes des, not always possible
practically unless the apiary is a small one
and other work slack.

322

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlJ<<i/i>.

It is admitted that something may be said
on the other side but in my estimation noth-
ing formidable. The strongest point is the
fact tliat the honey thus produced is more
liable to the change denominated candying.
But that it is inevitable is not very mate-
rial, for the consumption of this honey, as it
is but a small proportion of the whole crop,
can easily be secured by a little CR,re on the
part of the apiarist before the danger of that
change begins and before it is desirable to
move the main crop. But it is not certain
that the candying process need necessarily
follow. Experiments indicate that by prop-
er methods of feeding and proper handling
of the honey when removed from the hive,
that difficulty may be avoided. The labor of
feeding of course amounts to semething but
to no more perhaps than that of extracting
the honey from the sections to be completed
by the feeding. On the whole it is safe to
say that the advantages to be derived from
the course suggested, leaving out of view the
increased value of the product, easily com-
pensate for the necessary labor and other
drawbacks and leave the increase in value
clear profit, which is found by actual trial to
amount to from 30 to 60 per cent., acccrdine

sections to be completed are adjusted, with
an empty hive or other bee proof rim sur-
rounding it, the hive cover to be placed se-
curely over all when the feeding has been
done. Care must be taken that no opening
for the entrance of robber bees be left or
trouble may be anticipated. There must be
provided for each pan a piece of cotton cloth
at least three or four inches larger each way
than the diameter of the top of the pan, and
when the pan is filled the cloth must be so
placed over it as to permit the bees to take
up the honey without getting into it, or if
any get into it so as to enable them to regain
a foothold on the cloth. The best way I
have discovered to adjust the cloth is this :
Take the cloth and dip one corner three or
four inches into the honey then place the
cloth on one edge of the pan so that the
sweetened part hangs over so as to touch the
section case on which the pan stands, thus
forming a bridge for the ascent of the bees,
then fold under loosely the further parts of
the cloth so that it will drop inside the pan
and settle with the honey. There is the most
danger of the bees getting drowned at the
first feeding when they are greedy. It is not
necessary to be careful that all parts of the

V. 3

°^

P CO
OJ O

a
o
3
<!

11
eft

28M

106M
112

iiOM

94 V4

218%

205

135^

65.3

58,4

61.8

PM o

1.53
1.70

1.61

to the degree of advancement to which the
sections have arrived when devoted to this
purpose. Of course the Itss the work which
has been done on the sections when taken
to have them completed by feeding, the less
would be the per cent, of profit.

As to feeders, either for this kind of feed-
ing or for feeding for winter stores, theHed-
don or Miller feeder is the most convenient,
as the work of feeding can be done without
any interference from the bees of the colony
at all, but, on the whole I have the best sat-
isfaction from the use of common milk pans :
the bees take the honey more rapidly from
these and there is not the danger of the comb
honey getting a twang from the incliu ition
of the dampness in the wood of the other
feeder to induce incipient fermentation.

To use the milk pan feeder, place it on the
open top of the colony to be fed, after the

surface of the honey be covered — it is more
important that the cloth is so placed that it
will fall as fast as the honey is taken out.
A new cloth is best — a very old one, that is,
one that has been much used and washed,
will, particularly if a little damp, settle at
once to the bottom of the pan.

Owing to the extremely unpropitious
character of the honey season the amount of
material was small so that the experiment
made was not an extensive one — only two
colonits being u.^ed in it. They were not ex-
cessively strong ones as each had passed the
entire season in a single section of the new
Heddon hive. Tlie extracted honey used
was diluted after weighing at the time of
feeding by the addition of from 15 to 20 per
cent, of hot water and was fed as rapidly as
the bees would take it. Each colony was
given two cases of sections with foundation

r±±Ji. BEE-KEEFERS REVIEW.

323

only and one three cases and the other two
cases of partially filled sections, and were
fed till the same were filled and capped which
required nearly four weeks time on the
average.

The accomanying table shows in brief the
particulars of the experiment and the re-
sults.

By a simple process of calculation, taking
the value of the material used and the mar-
ket value of the product, it will be seen that
the profit is more than .W per cent, and this
would have been considerably increased had
all the sections been partially filled at the
beginning of the experiment.

Lapeer, Mich. Dec, 15, 1894.

Twenty -Five Years of Experiments in Bee-
Keeping and What I Have Learned by It.

B. TAYLOB.

T HAVE spent forty
i five years work-
ing with bees for
the purpose of rais-
ing surplus honey
for market, and
think I have learned
many of the secrets
of the trade by this
long experience, and
I write this series
of articles with the
object and hope of
benefitting those who may adopt bee-keep-
ing as a leading pursuit.

Apiarists as a rule are not of the stuff that
makes millionares. In my experience I
have found them, as a rule, to be persons of
noble sentiments and kindly hearts, and
such persons are not noted for excessive
material wealth. To guide such in securing
a fair supply of bread and butter is tome
a great privilege. This world is full of peo-
ple with ideas on religion and government,
as well as practical affairs in field and shop,
that are founded on nothing better than mere
tradition and prejudice, and the ideas and
methods of such, when tested by the rules
of science, are found lacking in those quali-
ties that lead to best results. Bee-keepers
are not an exception to this charge, most
of them believing for thousands of years
that the rattling of pans and the ringing of

bells caused bees to alight when swarming.
This one case proves that the mere fact of
the great age of an idea or practice is no
evidence of its truth. It is for these reasons
that I have been for years testing old and
new practices in the bee yard, that I might
prove all things and hold fast to the things
that werjgood. These experiments brought
no reward in money and I would no doubt
now be much better off in that respect if I
had never made them ; yes, I would no doubt
have made more money had I done as did
a wealthy bee-kteper whom a bee journal
held up approvingly some time since, saying
that he ' wasted no time fooling with ex-
periments but just adopted the Quinby hive
and system and went right along making
big crops of honey." But, dear friends,
suppose Mr. Quinby and others had been
like this excellent man, how would the case
stand ? Sections of holiow trees for hives,
and ringing bells to settle swarms. I have
been, for the last year or two, burning and
clearing up the mountain of waste that
naturally accumulated in twenty-five years
of testing on a considerable scale nearly
every hive and fixture brought into notice.
In the different styles of movable frames
alone I burned enough to fill a good sized
ware room, but I have for my reward a con-
sciousness of knowing things instead of be-
lieving them, that more than balances all
costs, I shall now cease from general ex-
perimenting and confine my efforts to pro-
ducing extra fine honey, comb and extract-
ed, and marketing it among my neighbors
and friends. In this branch of the business
I shall still experiment, and put all my mind
and strength into the work.

And now to the task of relating some of
the usful facts I have learned from experi-
ence, and one of the first and greatest is the
fact that where there is a home to build and
a family to provide for, bee-keeping alone is
not safe to rely upon for an income, and
should be connected with some other pur-
suit : for there are seasons when no skill of
the apiarist, even with his hundreds of col-
onies, and all the requisite material, can se-
cure a honey crop, for when the flowers fail
to secrete nectar, skill is of no avail.
Those old stagers, C. C. Miller and the Da-
dants, reporting a total failure in the past
season is a case in proof.

I have always had some other means than
bee-keeping to help out my income, but I
am now going to attempt to make a nice,

324

i'llK BKk-KEEPERS' HKVIEW.

safe living in a special way that will, I be-
lieve, be available to nearly every bee-keep-
er ; and to tell what I am going to do my-
self, what my experience has led me to believe
will enable me to safely and surely supply
my wants, is the best advice I can give to
others.

I have long believed that nearly the entire
food for a comfortable living for a family
of several persons, could be raised on one
acre of land, and I am now going to try the
experiment, not necessarily for my own sup-
port, but as a means of the highest pleasure
from day to day. I cannot explain all I ex-
pect to do on this acre, but will say that
I expect to put a large amount of work upon
it. Horace Greeley used to say that the man

blackberries, raspberries, currants and
gooseberries. I shall plant half a dozen
apple trees along the north border and some
trees of plum, pear, cherry, and other trees
on the border east and west, but nothing on
the south 'o make shade from that direction,
but strawberries 'ill be the main fruit. I
shall plan'j choice kinds, that do best here,
in rows four feet apart, plants 16 inches
apart in the rows. Will clip all runners and
keep the plants in hills. Will plant a new
bed each spring, cultivate in the highest
manner, pinching off all blossoms the first
year, mulch with clean old straw that con-
tains no foul seeds. In the spring I will pull
the mulch from the plants into the spaces
between the rows, cover against late frosts

APIARY AND WORKSHOP OF B. TAYLOR, FOBESTVILLE, MINN.

who owned one acre of land need never be
idle for want of profitable work, there being
no end to the possibilities on even so small
a piece of ground. My acre is very rich clay,
and I shall keep the fertility up to the high-
est standard by the yearly application of
suitable fertilizers. A suitable part of it
will be planted to a variety of the food sup-
plying vegetables, potatoes, sweet and Irish,
corn, beans, squashes, salsify, mellons, peas,
beets, and other vegetables of the useful or ■
der, but no space will be allowed to other
than strength giving foods. The fruit de-
partment will consist of all the finer fruits
that flourish in this climate ; strawberries,

if need be, and thus, by the aid of artificial
watering, raise a great crop of enormous
berries almost as certain as the seasons
come. After supplying our own table with
all the fine berries we can eat the remainder
will be sold at a big price to friends who will
gladly pay for them. In this way I will pay
for flour and other bread stuffs and, with
plenty of honey, the choice fruits and vege-
tables, milk and butter from the Jersey cow
and eggs and poultry from the small but
choice flock of black Spanish or Leghorn
hens, O my, how we will feast ! Just think
of a dinner of roasted chicken, baked sweet
potatoes or hubbard squash, hot graham

THE BEE-KEEPERS- REVIEW,

•Ala

gems with golden butter and clover honey,
and a nice dish of strawberries and cream,
and all these topped off with- blackberry pie
and a cup of scalded Jersey milk. But this is
the way a poor Ijeo-keeper may fare by in-
dustry and wise management. This may
seem an extravagant statement, but you must
remember that in the common way of rais-
ing fine foods, and selling them in the regu-
lar markets, the various sharks that occupy
every foot of the road between producer and
consumer take at least half of every thine for
their share, and then charge the consumer
the full price for all. But when a man raises
all these good things and then consumes
them upon his own table, he gets the entire
value of his labor. I have pursued tliis pol-
icy for many years and know it is a great
thing. The only danger is that when Presi-
dent Cleveland finds us faring so well, he
will send the regular army and have the
thing stopped.

Now, in all this, I have said nothing about
what is to be done with tlie money that we
are to get for our honey crop, which, in good
years, may amount to many hundreds or
even thousands of dollars. Of course, in the
start, we will have to live in a cheap house
and have but few good and handy out build-
ings. Well, when we have raised nearly
every thing we eat, which is the greatest item
of expense in a family, and having no big
rent bills to pay, we will need to spend but
a small part of our income from the bees for
family expenses, and can invest a large part
of it each year in buying material for the
nice new house and other buildings we will
make in due time ; but there is no need to
be in too big a hurry about it. Before be-
ginning the new house wo better live in the
little old one until we have plenty of materi-
al ready for building the new one, which
need not be a very costly one but must be
neat and comfortable and thoroughly sub-
stantial. Be3-keepers are nearly always of
a mechanical turn and many can do their
own carpenter work. Material can now be
bought very cheaply all dressed and nearly
ready to put together and a handy man with
a few tools can make a neat house if he will
get a good plan arranged before he begins.
It is best to have a regular carpenter help do
this. At the Forestville apiary there are a
number of neat but not large or costly build-
ings. With the neat, clean surroundings,
there is such an air of comfort that hungry
travellers are constantly stopping to ask for

dinner, only to find the place a bachelor's
hall ; and this i)lace lias been built up in ex-
actly the way outlined in this article, the
proprietor digging the cellar, laying the
stone walls and then turning carpenter and
painter and finally washer-woman and cook ;
and while doing this work, labor ceased to
be a burden and become a joyful pastime.
This very fall, although 65 years old, I have
been building a new stable for my two fine
bay, high bred roadster colts, making it
warmer than most dwellings, and where
every tiling is so handy that I need not waste
a single step in caring for the animals, and
while doing it I have been so interested and
happy that I could not take time to write a
letter or scarcely eat my meals.

Now friends, I have been giving you a pic-
ture of sumptuous feasts, but let me say that
many of my own meals consist of new fresh
milk, scalded, and crackers, at a cost not to
exceed four cents, and I enjoy it better than
the greatest feast that Delmonico can cook,
for, with such food, I not only feel strong to
work but feel good all the time, which is
more than the eaters of rich costly foods can
say.

Now, brother bee-keepers, I wish you all
to be happy, and to be so you must have a
good home and be secure from the anxiety
occasioned by the horrors of poverty, and I
have given you what I believe to be a good
plan to escape that end. I have secured my
present comfortable surroundings by work-
ing on the plan outlined in this article. I
have told i ou what to do and if you will enter
into the spirit of it in the right way you will
enjoy the work as I have done. Of course,
it takes more than a home to make us truly
happy, for happiness is in what we are rath-
er than in what we have. To be real com-
fortable we will have to be good, then let us
all resolve to bear our own burdens and not
try to live by making good bargains with our
weak and unfortunate fellows. Good bar-
gains, when boiled down, consist in getting
valuable things that we don't have to pay
for. Let us, then, resolve to pay 100 cents
upon the dollar's worth of service we receive
from even our dumb animals, for no good
man can feel satisfied with himself by reap-
ing where he has not sown ; so, get a good
location, and, at least, a little land, and begin
the work of making the only practical place
in this world in which the people who earn
their living can be real happy in, a good home.
I often leave home a few days to visit es-

326

THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW.

teemed friends, and always have a good
time, but the best moment of all is when, on
my return, I catch sight of my own big
pines ; and now, in my 65th year, I am en-
joying the most satisfactory period of my
life.

Let me say, before concluding, that when
you get once located, stick to it, and don't
keep '"swarming out " in the hope of find-
ing a better place in some other quarter.
One of the worst mistakes I feel to have
made in my material affairs was in making
two or three moves from one good place to
another. Life is too fleeting for such tilings ;
for, when we get interested in life's work,
old age comes on at railroad spped.

In this article I have been laying the warp
for the fabric of life ; in the next I will give
some of the woof in the form of the tilings
I have learned by my experiments in practi-
cal honey production.

FoRESTViLLE, Miuu. Nov. 24, 1894.

A Conventional Feature that May Prove Very
Profitable.

F. A. GEMMILL.

rri HE discussion of
T special topics,
wa«, HS I understand,
wliiit you had in
tnind, when the pub-
lication of the Re-
view was first under-
taken, and, up to the
present time, you
have, to all intents
and jjurposcs, so
conducted it. I have
observed, however,
that you have occasionally digressed from
that course, in the way of publishing some
selected articles. Now, I make no claim on
this communication, either from a special
or selected standpoint, beyond the fact that
it is to treat of a special feat re which, it is
expected, will be carried out at the coming
convention of the Ontario B. K. Asso., on
January 2'2nd, 23rd and 24th, 1895, and it oc-
curred to me you might be willing to give it
to your readers, I therefore concluded to
forward an outline of it.

I am a great believer in conventions, and
am confident they have done much good in
the past, and at the same time, I also believe

in addition to imparting information to bee-
keepers themselves, that a benefit will un-
doubtedly result by instructing and educat-
ing the general public as to the great impor-
tance of honey as a good wholesome food
for the human family, and that outside of
what has, and still may be done, through the
press.

You no doubt are also aware, that a social
entertainment, in connection witli the usual
sessions, has been attempted on one or two
occasions, but they have not come up to my
beau ideal of what I advocated or desired
that they should be, and I am now endeavor-
ing to have my original plan carried out.

In order to be brief, I would state that I
favor a special entertainment for the benefit
of the outside public to be given on one of
the evenings while the convention is in pro-
gress. For want of a more appropriate
name, it can be termed a " Honey Bee Con-
cert," or an "Educational Entertainment,"
and is to consist of choice vocal and instru-
mental music, an address by one or more
bee-keepers, and a lecture accompanied or
assisted by a magic lantern exhibition, illus-
trating the manner in which the insects
secrete wax scales, build comb, gather and
ripen the nectar into the honey of commerce
as well as their usefulness in fertilizing
flowers, and their modus opera^idi of so do-
ing, as well as the gathering and storing of
pollen, etc., and last but not least the sting
will in a like manner be touched upon, and
directions given how to prevent being stung
as well as how to behave when stung.

From the progress and encouragement I
have so far met with, I am confident that
should the editor of the Review or any of
his, or our, American friends honor our con-
vention with their presence, they will go
away favorably impressed that Canadian
bee-keepers have made another step in the
right direction.
Stratfobd, Ont. Dec. 14, 1894.

The Germs of Bee Paralysis Seem to be in

the Honey, and the Disease Confined

to the Nurse Bees.

li. aug's aspinwall.

\F late my attention has been called by

numerous articles in our bee journals

regarding bee paralysis. Conspicuously are

those contributed by T. S. Ford, Adrian

©'

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

327

Getaz, Prof. A. J. Cook, C. W. Dayton and
O. O. Poppletoa.

The rapidity with which the disease has
spread throughout the entire United States
within a few years is truly alarming. I be-
lieve its ravages have become more wide
spread within a given time than foul brood.

I did not intend to give my limited ex-
perience with it until a positive remedy had
been deduced therefrom, but, owing to the
demands naturally growing out of the ex-
tremely grave situation, I concluded to do so
from a sense of duty ; hoping a clue to the
disease may be discovered, and a remedy ap-
plied.

In my experience I have endeavored to lo-
cate the disease, which would naturally lead
to the cause, and finally to a remedy or pre-
ventive.

Although not altogether exhaustive, ray
experiments have led to the following con-
clusions : 1st. That the disease is confined
to the nurse bees exclusively, with the excep-
tion of the queen, which I shall hereinafter
consider separately.

My method of proving the above is to
supersede the queen of a diseased colony by
one of another color. If blacks are affected,
give them a yellow queen. If Italian?, give
them a dark queen. By this test the progeny
of the new queens will show no disease until
the expiration of eighteen or twenty days.
This will explain why a temporary benefit is
found in requeening, as set forth in Mr.
Ford's article, page 240 of the Review.

It will be observed that the domestic peri-
od ends here ; furthermore, these bees never
become fielders — no old bees with ragged
wings are ever seen with the infection.
Also, self-cure apparently takes place when
all breeding ceases, particularly at the end
of the season. The interval of none but
sealed brood after swarming is rather short
to exempt the nurse bees sufficiently long
for more than a partial cure. These facts
would lead the observer to consider the dis-
ease exceedingly erratic, as mentioned by
Mr. Poppleton, second paragraph, page 2<)7,
Review. As to further evidence relative to
the apparent erratic tendency, I shall speak
of that in another paragraph.

2nd. As to the queen, we can readily un-
derstand how constant feeding by the nurse
bees during the height of egg laying, would
transmit the disease. An objection may be
raised : why do not the larva? also become
infected? That the nurse bees do not become

infected to an appreciable extent until the
expiration of the nurse period, might ex-
plain it. Again, the queen may be fed by
nurse bees of that age exclusively ; if so, we
can readily see how the queen could receive
the contagion and the larvae escape. Young
queens introduced into infected colonies
often suddenly disappear. See article by
Adrian Getaz. American Bea Journal, page
240, first paragraph. I had a beautiful Ital-
ian queen superseded in less than four weeks,
notwithstanding she was large and prolific ;
furthermore, out of the five cells of super-
sedure, two of them contained dead larvte.

3rd. The foregoing observations have led
me to believe one cause of the disease lies
in the food, and may be transmitted by nurse
bees feeding with each other ; also, during
their flights they may mistake the entrance,
and so carry the infection to other colonies.
Another fact that came under ray observa-
tion was, that a first swarm from a diseased
colony showed no signs of the infection after
being hived one week, and remained healthy
throughout the season. In the mean time
the parent colony continued to grow worse,
and withal sulphur was frequently applied.

If the cause is contained in the food it ex-
plains just why Prof. Cook's experiments in
feeding were a partial cure, bringing about
the apparent erratic tendency referred to in
Mr. Poppl«ton's article. The various honey
plants succeeding each other, yielding a sup-
ply which is pure, in lieu of the old gerra
laden honey at the bottom of the cells,
would certainly tend to abate the disease.
On the contrary an exhausted supply would
produce the opposite result.

4th. I believe that the disease is heredi-
tary through the queen, or rather that her
progeny become more susceptible to the con-
tagion ; through a tendency to inherit the
disease, each succeeding generation becom-
ing more susceptible to it, I can see how the
entire force of nurse bees becoming infected
would even cause starvation of the brood, as
in California.

.Just how the food happens to contain
germs is the question which remains to be
solved. At one time I thought they might
possibly be transported through the pollen.
During our continued dry and consequently
dusty seasons of late, I found the pollen con-
tained large quantities of foul matter plain-
ly visible with a -;; objective of my micro-
scope. It. was evidently dust from our thor-
oughfares borne by winds to the honey fields.

328

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

Pollen from buckwheat was exceptionally
foul. Having examined and found pollen
from all my colonies equally foul while the
disease was exceptional, I concluded the
cause was not there. Mr. Getaz refers to
Cheshire's discovery of the Bacillus Gaytoni.
I have made several attempts to discover
this germ, but failed, as my highest magni-
fier is but a one-sixth objective. Although
Mr. Cheshire had no real experience with
this disease I have no doubt as to a germ —
and I take this opportunity to express my
great admiration for his work, also my deep
regret upon reading of his death.

I am also inclined to believe that the dis-
ease is closely allied to spring dwindling.
My experience with that disease is also con-
clusive as to its being contined to the nurse
bees ; the symptoms are alike with the ex-
ception of the bloated condition of the lat-
ter, which is undoubtedly due to cold, while
its origin lies in the food. Last spring I re-
moved a comb of honey from a colony suf-
fering from spring dwindling. Sometime
during the month of -Tune it was placed in
the brood nest of a healthy colony, and as a
result diseased nurse bees were found.

I agree with Mr. Ford (last paragraph,
page S72 Gleanings) that the name "paral-
ysis seems rather a misnomer." My obser-
vations show no paralyzed condition, except
by reason of cold, which, under conditions
more severe would also affect healthy bees.

Jackson, Mich. Dec. W, 1894.

The Dayton Queen and Drone Trap.

O. W. DAYTON.

TlRIEND H.— By

J?- the present
mail I hand you a
Drone and Queen
Trap. By this
form of trap there
is gained the priv-
ilege of manufac-
ture, simplicity of
construction and
economy of space
before the en-
trance; allowing
the bees to depart
and return without passing through the trap
proper. The method of attachment gives
the greatest extent of ventilation possible

and allows the bees to alight upon the hive
front and proceed down to the entrance
through a small but exceedingly capacioas
entrance guard. In short, the bees find no
more difficulty in passing this trap the first
hour than after a week's adjustment.

O. W. DAYTON S DKONE TKAP.

The size mailed you is about three-fifth
quart capacity and is sufficient where the
drone comb is properly excluded. If the hive
contains several frames of drone comb, then
the trap is enlarged by wider sheets of zinc.
I was about to have an illustration made for
my own use but perhaps it may be worth
while to show the same in the Review (un-
less, perchance, it would savor too much of
that " Admiration Society") by which plan
I may obtain the same.

The trap sent is put together with small
nails to allow its being taken apart with a
knife. The entrance guard is bound upon
the side of trap. You will probably under-
stand the construction and adjustment with-
out further explanation.

I used about a dozen this season and am
now making 150 for next season's use. The
one I mail you is for your hive, (supposing
that you use the dovetailed, L mgstroth, or
any hive having a forward projecting alight-
ing board.) My auger hole entrance re-
quires the entrance guard to the trap to in-
clude seven rows of perforations and be a
half cylinder in shape and a slightly different
attachment to the body of trap. In the trap
sent the entrance guard is l^ cylinder in
shape, or five rows of perforations.

Flokenoe, Calif. Nov. .'5, 1894.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

320

Farmers' Institutes and Their Relation to

Apiculture.

E. T. ABBOTT.

TNSTITUTES have already become iu some
1 States a p oinineut factoi- in the proaio-
tion of a certain kind of knowledge, and
they will grow in number, and increase in
influence all over the country as the general
public becomes better acquainted with the
manner in which they are conducted, and
the great good they may accomplish. Mis-
souri held forty institutes this year, and I
am informed that Illinois has made an ap-
propriation of !|!50 for each institute and is to
hold one in each county in the State. Other
States are sure to follow in the footstei)s of
those already holding such meetings, just as
soon as they realize how much benefit they
are to the general public. In fact, a large
number of the States are now holding such
institutes every year.

There can be no question but what these
institutes offer an excellent opportunity for
the promulgation of a general knowledge of
apiculture. From my standpoint there is no
better opportunity than they offer for reach-
ing the people of the small towns and rural
districts. I may remark in passing that I
am not a very strong advocxte of bee-keep-
ing as an independent industry, especially
in some localities. Take a State like Mis-
souri for an example, and I am inclined to
think that the future of apiculture rests with
the farmers and the fruit growers. In other
words, I am confident that the sooner this
industry is recognized as a legitimate branch
of agriculture the better it will -'e. If one
takes this view of bee-keeping, then surely
there is no better place to talk bees and ad-
vanced apiculture than among the farmers.
Institutes, however, are not made up entirely
of farmers, as the towns and small villages
are generally well represented, especially at
the evening meetings. Here, then, is an ex-
cellent opportunity for ttie man who believes
in bee-keeping as a specialty to so educate
the people with regard to the nature and val-
ue of honey as a food as to largely increase
its consumption.

Perhaps it may be well before I go any
further to explain the nature of institutes
and how they are conducted, as all of your
rea lers may not understand this fully. I
will assume that they are conducted in the
same way and along similar lines in all of

the States, and take Missouri for my exam-
ple, as I am better acquainted with the
method of procedure in this State thSn I
am with any other.

These institutes are held under the auspices
of the State Board of Agriculture. This
Board, in our State, is made up of one mem-
ber from each Congressional district, ap-
pointed by tiie Governor for a term of three
years. The Governor, the Supermtendent
of Public Schools, and the Dean of the Agri-
cultural College are ex-officio members.
The Board appoints a Secretary who, under
its direction, conducts most of the business
of the Board, and has all to say about hold-
ing institutes, and the speakers to be em-
ployed. Each fall the secretary gives notice
through the agricultural press that a certain
number of institutes will be held in the
State. From the applications he receives he
selects such places as are the most accessi-
ble by public conveyance, and can be reach-
ed without too much loss of time by the
speakers, and arranges for institutes in these
localities, announcing the dates in advance.
All expenses are paid by the State except
that the local community is expected to fur-
nish the hall in whicli the meetings are held.
Sometimes they go to the further expense of
furnishing music, and in some communities
they offer quite liberal premiums on house-
hold and farm products. The State fur-
nishes at its own expense speakers who are
to open the discussions in their particular
lines, and then a general discussion of the
subject follows. Of course, the speaker is
supposed to understand thoroughly the
branch of agriculture wliich he represents,
and the audience is permitted to ask as many
questions as it desires, he being expected to
answer them. This part of the meeting is
very helpful and sometimes very interest-
ing ; and, I may remark, would satisfy the
most cranky crank on the question-box.

Now, surely, no one will fail to see that
here is the bee-keeper's opportunity to sow
good seed, if the right man can be secured
to represent the industry at these institutes.
How, then, are we to secure a hearing ?
First, it may be brought about in this way :
Let bee-keepers in each community see their
local member of the Board of Agriculture
and show up to him the importance of the
industry, and thus a friendly feeling may be
created for apiculture among the members,
which may prove an entering wedge toward
the securing of some good man to represent

330

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE .

the industry at all of the institutes of the
State. Failing to bring it about in this way,
then let bee-keepers see the secretary, who,
as I said above, generally employs the speak-
ers, and get him interested in apiculture,
and then the rest of the work will be com-
paratively easy. If he cannot be prevailed
upon to employ a bee-keeper as one of the
regular speakers, then let local bee-keepers
in each community where institutes are held
attend all of the meetings, and wheji an op-
portunity offers, talk b^es the best he or she
knows. Where there is a will, there will be
found away. Of course, no craukson special
lines, nor venders of patent hives should be
permitted to represent the industry, for if
they are, the institute people will soon shut
down on the whole business. If the bee-
keeper can talk poultry, as I have at the in-
stitutes in Missouri this year, or any other
branch of agriculture, he will be that much
more likely to get a hearing and be employed
by the State. The secretaries, or those who
engage the speakers, are always looking out
for good men, and one may be assured, if
he has something of value to say, and knows
how to say it, and when to stop — a vera im-
portant point — he will not want for a chance
to tell what he knows. T. B. Terry spends
all of his time during the winter in this kind
of work, and is in constant demand, simply
because he has something to tell of real val-
use to the farmer, and the States are glad to
pay him for telling it.

I may say further, that it will be better if
the man who talks bees at a farmers' insti-
tute does so from the standpoint of apicul-
ture on the farm, and not as a specialty. If
he does not believe that the farmer and hor-
ticulturist should keep bees, he would better
stay away from the institutes, in my opinion.

If all these plans fail in securing a hear-
ing, then I think it would pay the State So-
cieties of each State to employ a man at
their own expense and send him to all of the
institutes held in the State. But if we can
make the members of the various Boards of
Agriculture feel that bee- keeping is an in-
dustry of some importance to the farmer,
and that we as bee-keepers are ready to co-
operate with them under all circumstances,
then I do not think there will be any trouble
to get a hearing.

St. Joseph, Mo.

Dec. 17, 1894.

Bee-Keepers' Review.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms : — $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies
$1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more,
70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi iw
stopped at the expiration of the time paid for,
please say so when subscribiug. otherwise, it
will be continued

FLINT, MICHIGAN, DEC. 10, 1894.

The Prevention of Swarming, as de-
scribed by Mr. Heddon is not new : so writes
Mr. C. Spaeth, of Berne, Mich. He says that
Mr. Gravenhorst of Germany reported suc-
cess with this same plan two or three years
ago.

The Clasps worn by wheelmen to save
their trousers from being soiled by their
wheels may be worn to keep the bees from
running up inside your trousers, says S. M.
Keeler in the American Bee-Keeper. Re-
member this next season.

Ontario Bee-Keepers will hold their an-
nual convention at Stratford, Jan. 22, 23,
and 24. The editor of the Review expects
to be present and read a paper entitled
" Will the Bee-Keeping of the Future Dif-
fer From that of the Past ?"
ii;»it«ii »»»»»»»

Feeding in the spring before the queen
commences laying, or in the fall after she has
stopped laying will induce the bees to ball
her, so writes J. W. Tefft, of Buffalo, N.
Y. Has any one else noticed this ? As a
rule, but little feeding is done at such times,
and it ought not to be either.

Apicultural Literature bobs up for dis-
cussion about once in so often, and, as Mr.
Heddon has lately given the subject an up-
ward tendency, I thought it might be inter-
esting if he would lead in its discussion at
the coming convention of Michigan bee-
keepers. In reply to my request for his at-
tendance and an essay on the subject he
wrote as follows :

" Of course, I am not perfectly sure that
my health and business will both admit of
my going to the convention, but I shall try
it very hard and consequently will be glad to
have you put me down for the topic you sug-

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

331

gest. I shall not coine with any essay, nor
give the subject any thought until the day I
take the train. Then I will fill my pocket
with Reviews and Quarterlys, and things,
together with pencil and paper, and during
the long hours on the train I will arrange
my thoughts under cues, and then when the
little blood I possess is lifted to the cere-
brum, my ideas will roll out just as freely as
shot off a shingle."

If you think that Bro»Heddon holds erron-
eous views on this subject, come to the con-
vention and set him right. If you agree
with him, then come and help him in his de-
fense, and if you don't know whether he is
right or not, then come and hear the debate
that is sure to follow.

MICHIGAN STATE BEE-KEEPEES' CONVENTION.

The Michigan State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its 29th annual meeting
Wednesday and Thursday, Jan. 2nd and ord,
at the Perkins Hotel, corner of Cass and
Grand River Avenues, Detroit, Mich. As
there will be half-fare going on the 1st, but
not on the 2nd. and half-fare returning on
the 3rd, it is suggested that as many as pos-
sible reach Detroit by the evening of the 1st,
and thus have a social time before the begin-
ning of the regular convention work. The
programme is as follows :

FIRST DAY MORNING SESSION.

10:00 a. m.— " Apicultural Work at Experiment
Stations," R. L.Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.

FIRST DAY— AFTERNOON SESSION.

1:30 p m.— President's Address— M. H. Hunt,
Bell Branch, Mich.

3:00 p. m.— " Influence of Patents on Improve-
ments," T. F. Bingham, Abronia, Mich.

FIRST DAY— EVENING SESSION.

7:00 p. m.—" Marketing Honey," L. H. Ayers,
of the Arm of Ayers & Reynolds, commission
men, Detroit, Mich.

SECOND DAY— MORNING SESSION.

9:00 a. m. — " Non-Swarming Hives," L. A.
Aspinwall, Jackson, Mich.

10:30 a. m.— " Wintering of Bees," A B. Mason,
Toledo, Ohio.

SECOND DAY - AFTERNOON SESSION.

1:30 p. m. — " Apicultural Literature," James
Heddon, Dowagiac, Mich.

Plenty of time has been given for discu.sslon
and for the introduction of the question box
W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.

THE REVIEW FOR 1895.

I believe it is considered the proper thing
for publishers to make announcements at
the end of the year regarding what they ex-
pect to do the coming year. I have usually
done this, but my not being able last year to
realize all my expectations makes me a lit-

tle wary in this respect. Perhaps it would
be safe to say that no efifort will be spared in
making the Review what it has been in the
past and improving it as much as possible.
It might not be amiss to say that aside from
the features already possessed by the Re-
view, Mr. B. Taylor of Forestville, Min-
nesota, will contribute a series of articles
ruLning through the entire year. These
articles will deal with the various experi-
ments that he has made during the past
twenty-five years of bee-keeping. The one
appearing in this issue is a sort of intro-
ductory to those that are to follow, and,
by the way, although this one has but lit-
tle to say about bees, there are but few bee-
keepers who will not read it with profit and
pleasure. There is also an extensive bee-
keeper in the East who is to write a series of
articles that will run through the year. I
should be glad to say now who he is, but I
could secure his services only by allowing
him to use a non de plu-ae. I presume, how-
ever, that I may be allowed to say that I
have had correspondence with him for sev-
eral years, and know that he began bee-
keeping eighteen years ago with two colonies
that were bought on credit. Since then he
has reared and sold hundreds of colonies,
established out-apiaries, and raised tons of
honey each year. The present year he ship-
ped thirty-eight barrels of honey to this
State. After considerable urging he has
consented to tell the story of his apicultural
life, detailing the methods employed by him
in thus making a success of honey produc-
tion. It is to such men as this that we can
afford to listen.

The Establishment and Management of Out-
Apiaries.

In securing the highest success in apicul-
ture as a specialty, out- apiaries are a great
help. They enable one to keep more col-
onies so that when a good year does come an
enormous crop is secured. Then, again, it
often happens that localities only a few
miles apart vary greatly in the amount of
surplus afforded, and with several apiaries
there is a greater chance that something of
a crop will be secured even in a poor year.
There are few, if any, who have had more

332

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

experience in out-apiaries than has Mr. E.
France, of Platteville, Wis., and, as he has
written a long article for Gleanings, giving
his experience in establishing and manag-
ing out-apiaries, I take great pleasure in
copying the most of it into the Review.

" First, let us locate the apiary. Now look
sharp, for very much depends on the location ;
in fact, more than half of the success of the
apiary rests on this one point. See that the
place has good pasture for the bees. We in
this north country would want plenty of
white clover and basswood timber, and river
bottom land with fall flowers. Any way, be
sure of good bee pasturage. Then I want a
good natural windbreak — hills or timber,
or something to break the north and west
winds.

Now, if we have found all this, is the right
kind of man or family living on it ? If the
family are all right, what are the neighbors ?
Are they of a class that will steal, or make
you trouble ?

If the people are all right we will look the
place over. Is the place where we want to
put the bees too near the house or barn or
stack-yards, where they have to come with
teams to stack and thrash the grain ? It
won't do at all to have horses very near the api-
ary when unloading grain or hay, or thrash-
ing, or any thing of that kind. A bee in the
ear of a horse makes it wild. Most horses
are afraid of bees. Our apiaries are from 15
to 30 rods away from house or barn or stack-
yards, and all the out-yards are from 3C to
100 rods from a public road. Most of them
are in pasture land, free to all kinds of stock.
Stock don't do any damage to our large
quadruple hives, but keep down the grass.
It saves us the trouble of mowing. Locate
your apiaries three or four miles apart ; far-
ther would be better. Of course, other folks'
bees must be taken into consideration.
Don't overstock the pasture. Better go two
or three miles further than accept a poor
location, for we have to go with a team; and
when on the road, two or three miles further
is soon traveled. We go eight miles to some
of ours.

One more thing : If you are likely to get
a load of bees or honey, it is handy to load
up right in the apiary. After we have work-
ed the apiary all over, the bees will be cross.
We can not take the team to the wagon
where it is in the apiary, to hitch on. We
must have a down grade, away from the
apiary. It should be 15 to 20 rods or more,
then the wagon can be moved by hand to a
place where it will be safe to come with a
team.

Now, if we have found the location that
will answer our purpose, we shall see what
terms we can make with the owner. All our
out-apiaries are planted on the same condi-
tions. We give 2r> cents a year for each col-
ony we have on the ground, spring count,
counting them about the last of May, or at a
time when we are sure there won't be a less
number. The land-owner has nothing to do
with the bees, except, if any thing happens
that requires our attention, he is to let us
know, and we look after them. There is no

watching for swarms, and no swarms to
hive.

We work all our out-yards for extracted
honey. We think it is less work for the mon-
ey we get out of the business.

If I were starting new in the bee business
I would use the L. frame, standard size. I
would use a quadruple hive, chaff-lined,
three stories in summer and two in winter,
and winter on the summer stands.

What kind or race of bees ? My candid
opinion is, there is not much difference.
With good location and good management,
any of them will eive lots of honey. But my
choice is the gray Carniolans. They will
eather as much honey as any ; are very pro-
lific, and do less stinging.

Now, having located the apiary, made
terms with the land-owner, and having bees
on the ground, we will proceed to run the
apiary for extracted honey. We will begin
with the fruit-blossoms. If there is any con-
siderable amount of bloum we can open hives
without danger of robbers. We will sup-
pose the bees are in L. hives, two stories
high. Take out all the combs and clean out
the hive ; clip the queen's wing one side.
Yon will find that all or nearly all the brood
is now in the second story. Put all the brood
down in the lower story. If there is not
enough combs with brood in them to fill the
lower story, perhaps some other colony may
have more than enough to fill the lower
story. In that case, give the surplus to the
weaker ones. Put the honey combs in the
second story. If there are empty combs,
and the lower stories are full of brood, put
the empty combs above. Caxition. — If the
bees average weak, and there are not combs
with brood in them enough to fill the lower
story, then I would wait until they have
enough, as the upper story is warmer, and a
weak colony will build up faster with the
brood above. But, clip your queen at this
time. We can now leave the yard for ten
days ; then, if there were no queen cells left
when here before, it is not possible for a
swarm to have gone off ; and here in this
country it is not likely that a swarm has
been out. Dandelions will be in bloom here
then.

We will now look the yard over again. If
there are any weak colonies, they should be
strengthened by giving them brood from the
strong. If there is more brood in the yard
than to fill all the lower stories, then the sur-
plus can be used to make new colonies. In
making new colonies, be sure to leave the
old queen in the old hive. Fill up a lower
story with combs of brood, with some honey.
Put the honey at the back of the hive ; take
some bees with the combs — enough to make
a good strong colony. In fact, give them
more live bees than you want to stay there,
because the old bees will go back to the old
hive. We can take these combs and bees
from several colonies. They won't quarrel
or fight at all. We make one, two, or sever-
al new colonies at this time — it depends on
the strength of the apiary. Those new col-
onies have no queen ; they won't swarm un-
der 12 days. The old ones won't swarm, be-
cause we have taken away their surplus
strength. We will now leave them ten days;

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,

333

but before we leave, be sure that there are no
queen cells coming on in any colony. I
would leave those new colonies one story
high. We use a solid honey board. Lay
that on top of the one story, and cover over
that.

In ten days we are back again. Now, if
there is more honey coming in than enough
to keep the bees, we will extract all we can
get. This extracting will be dark, and the
bees will soon be gathering white honey.
For that reason we want to clear the combs
of dark honey ; and while doing it we will do
as we did before — keep the lower story full
of brood ; and if there is more brood, we will
make new colonies as we did when here be-
fore. Now we will put on the third stories,
tilled with empty combs, if we have them.
If we have no combs, put in frames tilled
with foundation ; leave no queen cells in the
old colonies : the new colonies made ten
days before will now want the second set of
combs, or foundation, and their queen cells
removed, except one, that we will leave to
hatch ; also, give these colonies one egg-
comb from the old stocks, and what new col-
onies are made this time can be supplied
with a queen cell from those new ones made
ten days before. After i^his, if honey pastur-
age is good, extract once a week while the
season lasts, working all up to three stories
high. Keep the brood in the lower stories,
and extract from the two apper ones. Watch
the harvest, and give the bees time to fill the
upper story solid full of honey to winter on.
All they get more than that you can take in
September.

We don't get any honey here after the
basswood, about the middle of July. We let
them fill up well on basswood, and then let
them alone until the middle af September;
then I take off the third stories and pack
them away in the storeroom. At this time I
see that the second story is full of honey ;
take out of the second stories all combs not
full of honey, and fill it out from the third ;
see that all have that much, and pack away
in the house the surplus ; fill the top cham-
ber with straw, and you are ready for winter.
The next spring, when there are warm days
in March or April, look into each colony and
see if they have plenty of honey. If they are
short, take out empty combs and put in full
combs of honey from those stored away in
the fall. Be sure they have plenty ; they will
use up honey pretty fast now, as they should
be raising brood fast.

I omitted to build an extracting-house.
You want one in every yard. We use a tent,
just 10 feet square, outside measure. Put ap
a frame in each yard : get four posts, 10 feet
long ; set them three feet in the ground, 10
feet square, outside measure. Now nail on
at the bottom a ten -foot board on each side,
a foot wide, then nail around the top four
more boards a foot wide, 10 feet long ; that
will leave a space of five feet between the
upper and lower boards. Get 80 feet of thin
cotton cloth, a yard wide ; sew two breadths
together, 40 feet long ; that will just go
around your house for siding, between the
upper and lower boards. Sew on both up-
per and lower edge some strips three or four
inches apart — leather — to tack through in

putting on the siding. For top cover we use
eight-ounce duck that will shed rain if we
have a shower while we are there. Put up a
gable-end roof, raised three feet in the mid-
dle. To do that you want two boards a foot
wide, 10 feet long ; set one up at each end,
and nail to top and bottom board, and slant
off the low corner to fit the pitch of the
roof ; then nail in at the top a 2x4 scantling,
10 feet long ; chamfer off the upper edges to
fit the pitch. Nail on to the end boards
some strips of boards to make a ladder to
climb up when you put on the top cover.
Make the cover to fit your frame, and sew on
to the bottom edge some strips of leather to
tack through when you put it up. You want
a frame in every yard ; but the cloth part
you can take down every night and put it in
a sack and take it home. One cover and
siding is enough for all the yards. Each
yard must have a frame. With us it takes
just five minutes to put on the cloth. For a
door, we can leave one end of siding loose at
the bottom, or can put in a screen-door.
Platteville, Wis.

[There are no bee-keepers in the whole
United States who have their work better
systematized than E. France & Son ; and
this applies not only to their bees but to
their fruit growing. W^hen I visited them
this past summer I could readily see one
secret of their success — the evidence of a lib-
eral use of good brains to lessen the labor of
the hands. I am sure no bee-keeper can af-
ford to fail to read carefully what Mr.
France has to say, even though he may not
now or ever expect to have out apiaries. I
can not refrain from saying that the senior
France not only recommends, after having
tried other frames, the Langstroth, but the
eight- frame size of the hive. No deep frame
is adapted for tiering up, and hence the
Langstroth, if for no other reason, should
have the preference. — Ed.] "

The Philosophy of Percolation.

This IS not the time of the year when we
are making syrup or feeding bees, but, if we
wait until the time does come there is but
little chance for discussion, hence, we may
improve the winter in discussing methods
that are to be used in the working season.
The making of syrup by percolation is a new
idea to bee-keepers, and may prove valua-
ble, and should be examined in all its bear-
ings, for th's reason I copy the following,
which is written by Dr. Miller and published
in Gleanings.

" Sitting on a load of bees, on the way
home from the Hastings apiary. I said to my
assistant, ' Suppose a vessel filled with sugar
and water, with a hole in the bottom so small
that a grain of sugar could not get through,
would that act the same as one of our perco-
lating feeders ? '

She answered, ' If there were a sufficient
number of small holes it might ; but with a

334

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

single hole it couldn't get through fast
enough.'

'But,' I said, 'suppose the hole large
enough so that the syrup came through just
as fast as it comes through a percolating
feeder. Would the syrup be just the same ?'

She promptly said it would not ; and when
I came to get the matter formulated in
words, I found she held the opinion that
something in the line of filtration was neces-
sary, and that the liquid must find its way by
a somewhat devious passage through the
meshes of a cloth or a mass of cotton. The
same idea had been in my mind, and I think
it quite likely that you, Mr. Editor, had the
same thing in mind when you were in search
of that colored individual in the fence.
And when you struck upon old flannel instead
of new, you felt sure you had found ' the nig-
ger.'

Let me tell you about some experiments I
have been making. Although made in the
main too late in the season to feed bees, no
actual feeding was necessary, for the remov-
al of the syrup by the bees has nothing to do
with the points I was after.

I took a baking-powder can, holding about
a pint, and made a small hole in the bottom,
of such size that cold water would pass
through at the rate of about seven drops per
minute. Hot water would pass through
much more rapidly. I put sugar and water,
equal parts, in the can. A few drops came
through very slowly, then it stopped alto-
gether. A grain of sugar may have stopped
the hole. I tried holes of larger size, but it
seemed that any hole so small that it would
not allow a grain of sugar • to pass through
was small enough to be entirely stopped by
one of the grains.

Then I drove through the hole a two-inch
wire nail. Of course, this would let grains
of sugar through. To jjrevent that I covered
the hole with a single thickness of thin cot-
ton cloth that was new. Putting in equal
quantities of sugar and water, it came
through all right in good time. With twice
as much sugar as water it made, of course,
heavier syrup, but it took four or five days
to get through. But I found that, the longer
it was used, the slower it went through, per-
haps from the fulling of the cloth. Very
fine wire cloth, such as is used in milk-strain-
ers, might be more uniform in action. Pos-
sibly, however, it may be that there is some
other trouble.

Two months ago or more I put an equal
quantity of sugar and water in a tumbler,
and let it stand. In the course of a few days
the water on top was a weak syrup, and the
amount of sugar in the tumbler was percep-
tibly less, but T.fter that time the change was
slow ; and the longer it stood, the slower the
sugar seemed to dissolve. At this writing
there is half an inch or so of sugar in the
bottom of the tumbler, and a tolerably thick
syrup over it. This shows that time is an
important element in dissolving the sugar.

Now I'll tell you the conclusions at which
I have arrived. aUhough I don't feel that
there is no possibility of mistake. When
sugar and water are put together, there is a
slow mixing ; and in a little time the crevices

between the grains of sugar are filled with a
solution of sugar. Allowed to stand in that
way, the water above is prevented from mix-
ing with the sugar — at least, it does so very
slowly, the upper part of the sugar gradually
combining with the water above it. That
was plainly shown in the last experiment
mentioned, where it took weeks to dissolve
the sugar.

Suppose, however, that, by some means,
we remove all the syrup that tills the crevices
between the grains of sugar. Water will
come down afresh to fill the crevices, and in
its turn will dissolve a fresh portion of the
sugar. Now, that's exactly the principle we
work upon in all of our percolating. We al-
low the syrup to pass out from below, through
some sort of sieve that will allow only syrup
and no grains to pass, and we manage so
that it shall go through so slowly that the
sugar at the bottom will have time to dis-
solve before the syrup passas through. I
think that's all there is to it, and it isn't a
question of cotton or wool, old cloth or new
cloth. Old flannel isn't a whit better than
new flannel, providing the space of new flan-
nel is enough less so that the syrup goes as
fast through one as the other. The only
point i.~, to have your feeder or your crock
emptied in the same space of time.

Six or eight thicknesses of cheese-cloth
worked better than two or three. Why ?
Because the rim of the crock was uneven ;
and, when placed on the plate, a single thick-
ness of cloth would do little toward filling
the crack where it was largest ; whereas, six
thicknesses would fill it. If the rim of the
crock were perfectly true and smooth, the
case would bp different. 1 filled a tumbler
with sugar and water, put a single thickness
of thin cotton cloth over it, then inverted it
over a smooth tin dish. How fast do you
suppose the syrup came through ? Not a
drop came, and I don't think it would if it
had stood a year. If you tie a single thick-
ness of cheese-cloth over a crock, then in-
vert it over a plate, it will work all right pro-
viding the rim of the crock be just even
enough and uneven enough. In general, it
would let the water out too fast without giv-
ing the sugar time to dissolve ; but in that
case, if you put enough beeswax under the
edge of the crock to make the syrup come
out slow enough, I think you'd find it all
right.

You said, Ernest, that sugar adhered to
the proper bottom of the crock. What made
you let it do that ? Just give the whole thing
a few shakes after inverting. In using the
crock feeder, the cloth under the sugar plays
no part, only that part that comes in actual
contact with both crock and plate, and it
would work all the same if the middle part of
the cloth were all cut away.

It is quite possible that there is a double
advantage in having the syrup come through
slowly : and we who have been priding our-
selves on having a feeder with which we
could give '25 lbs. in as many hours may yet
change our views. It may be that the bees
need longer time to put the right amount of
formic acid into their feed.

Marengo, Ills.

TH±J BEE-KEEPERS' RKVIEW.

335

The editor of Gleanings replies as fol-
lows :

[For the percolatincr feeders on the hive,
it is immaterial whether cheese-cloth, old
flannel or new flannel be used. We get good
results with all of them : but it does make a
big difference, when percolating syrup by
the B. Taylor plan, described in Gleanings
recently (p. 803). As there explained, old
flannel is decidedly better than new.

Regarding the crocks, we found th t they
were better than inverted sap-pails, because
of the very fact that their (the crooks') tops
would be more or less irregular, while the
pails would fit so closely as to make the feed-
ing very slow. We got better results by dis-
carding even the plates, and using boards ;
and if they are warped a little, all the better.
On these the pails would give as good results
as the crocks.

Yes, the sugar did adhere to the bottom of
the crocks ; but shaking, or, rather, a good
thorough stirring, did not seem to prevent
the slight residue of sugar entirely, although
it tended greatly to reduce the amount.

Some have asked what was the principle
upon which the percolating feeders work. I
think you have given the philosophy of it, so
that every one miy understand it ; but it
may be well to add, that the percolators work
on the atmospheric principle. In that re-
spect they are similar to the Hains and E.
France, or what is sometimes called, incor-
rectly, the Hill feeder.— Ed.]"

A Condensed View of Current

Bee Writings.

E. E. HASTY.

m OPOLOBAMPO. A place located in the
T" romance land of Jules Verfie, or Rider
Haggard ? No, its on terra firma all correct.
An American colony where all the mistakes
which government and civilization (and per-
haps religion also) have made are to be cor-
rected. Place where bees may get some
honey any day in the year, and surplus for
nine months. Place where honey sells read-
ily at 25 cts. for extracted and 30 or 40 for
comb. Place where 7 colonies increase to 37
in one season and store surplus too. Let's
all of us pigs rush into the Topolo bampo
parlor, and see what a nice parlor we can
make of it. Only 200 miles from Uncle
Sam's south line, on the east shore of the
Gulf of California. See Gleanings, 842, as
related by W. F. Bragg (of ominous name.)
One head, even if a good one, seldom
thinks of all the aspects of a question. It
seemed as if Mr. Hutchinson was unanswer-
able when he condemned long essays on bee-

keeping in foreign lands at a national con-
vention. (American Bee Journal, 5C>1.) The
net time at a convention may cost a fellow
several dollars an hour ; and he objects to
paying it for what he could just as well read
at the home fireside. But president Abbott,
in G eanings, 896, gets back at him to the ef-
fect that those same essays doubled the
space which the daily papers gave to the con-
vention. To impress and enlighten the gen-
eral public is doubtless o)te legitimate object
of a national convention. Newspaper repor-
ters generally don't know enough of bses to
report off-hand proceedings properly ; and
they can dish up a well written essay, with
the copy before them.

Well, " the blood of the martyrs is the seed
of the church ;" but can we depend on
martyrs to voluntarily assemble and be
martyred ? Might need an officer to fetch
'em to the block. The fact seems to be that
the main object of assembling is to put peo-
ple into a proper condition of mind and feel-
ing to be taught and benefitted. Man is apt
to meet instruction as a cabbage leaf meets
rain— shed it all off. But when people meet
together for a definite good purpose, when
the gathering is properly engineered, and
things work just right, a curious and indefin-
able something comes down and takes pos-
session of all hearts. Folks are different
creatures then. Enthusiasm and open-mind-
edness make everything good strike in. It
is in hope of this influence (which cannot be
transferred to print, nor sent by mail) that
conventions are held; I take it. Now this
desirable afJiatus may be prevented, or after
it has sprung up may be deadened, by the
wrong kind of essays, or by formal speeches,
or by a quarrel, or even by excessive popgun
practice at stale jokes. Whatever the wet
blanket is it is an awful nuisance. But this
reviewer thinks that the right kind of essays
properly used may help instead of hinder.
The main thing is to have the right man in
the chair ; and not to have his hands tied by
too many iron rules, and too rigid a program.
With good leadership no program at all is
better than an iron-clad one.

NEBRASKA BEE-KEEPER.

Brother Stilson has been getting very full
of national convention ; and the idea that
any brother should think slightingly of the
affair almost riles him up —

"Some good friend suggests that it was a meet-
ing of the ' mutual admiratien society.' Well,
why shouldn't it be ? as there were some grand

336

THE BEE-KEEFERIS- HK^lEW.

men and women there to be admired ; and the
man with bouI so small as to cast such an impu-
tation on that gathering, was unworthy of a place
among them." N, B. K., 169.

Seems to make a heap of difference in our
valuation of a company of people whether
we ourselves are members of the crowd, or
merely look on from the outside.

"It is true that if left to itself this plant
(sweet clover) will run out sand burrs, wild sun-
flower and ragweed." E. Whitcomb, N. B. K.,
170.

L. L. Allspaugh, .^ . B. K., 172, thinks it
pays him to put colored labels on sections of
honey exposed for sale in a show case.

Mrs. Hallenbeck says that this year the
only planting for honey that will furnish
bees with their winter stores is planting dol-
lars and cents in the grocers' money box.
N. B. K., 173.

And here is the editor again on stimula-
tive feeding.

" A tablespoonful of syrup at the right time,
and in the right manner, is worth more than a
teacupful given improperly, and at the improp-
ertime." N. B K.,174.

He says a teacupful is his largest feed for
stimulative purposes — seldom giving so
much as that. The adverse result of R. L.
Taylor's experiment with spring stimulation
he lays to a great deal too much being fed.
Perhaps this is worth thinking of.

J. B. Case, of Port Orange, Florida, says
the first artificial queen- cups he ever used
were put empty in a colony preparing to
swarm ; and the queen laid in nearly every
one of them. He also warns us that the evils
of in-breeding are brought on much more
rapidly when we get excited about using
best queens, and best drones, and frequent
requeening — unless we look quite a little out,
I suppose. N. B. K., 175.

" Our practice for the past five years has been
to pack for winter on six and seven frames, and
have never had one starve yet." The editor; N.
B. K., 137.

" Pliny alone, of classical authors, says that be
has heard that in distant lands the juice of the
bamboo [canej was used instead of honey." F.
L. Mahaffy,N.B. K., 140.

My, what a difference it would make in
our market if we could only turn the wheels
of civilization backward till we reached the
point where no one knew anything about any
other sweet than honey !

THE GENERAL ROUND -UP.

Like the good lady who tried to mop up
the rising tide from the floor of her sea-side
shanty, and had to give it up at last, so am I.
The tideof ^. B. Js four times a month, and
Gleaning s-es twice a month has swamped
me ; and a whole lot of available things

must be abandoned, to get down somewhere
near to the present date. Sorry ; but so it
has got to be.

This skips the great debate of few frames
versus many frames in the brood chamber.
I guess that debate has left things about as
it found them — many of the brethren still
sure that to put in more frames would sacri-
fice a heavy percentage of their surplus ;
and quite a few many- frame users still sure
that reducing the number of frames would
add little or nothing to their surplus, and
work mischief in other directions.

Quite a bit ago a little bug was put in my
ear, to the effect that Gleaning <■ had discon-
tinued its Tobacco Column. My eyes had
not been filed sufficiently sharp to notice it.
I was quite crestfallen : but thought the
news too old to tell at that date— and, lo,
Sept. 15th, the column bobs up again, look-
ing just as natural as if it had never been
missing.

John Handel, dealing with wintering bees
in dug-outs, gives his experience that drain-
age must be perfect for good results — sure to
be spotting their hives before spring if sur-
face water gets in. And ventilators, either
sub-earth or direct, only work in windy
weather, when they do more harm than good.
Gleanings, 902.

Most of us thought that percolation (in
making syrup) was a sort of filtering pro-
cess, or at least something akin to that ; but
quite lately Dr. Miller is level in his conclu-
sions that very slow movement of the water
among the little grains of sugar, giving
plenty of time and repeated contacts for
perfecting the saturation, is all there is of it.
If a tube a mile long could be filled with
sugar, and laid so nearly level the fluid
part of the contents would move slowly, and
only slowly, no sponge or flannel or muslin
would be needed probably. See Gleanings,
903.

Vogel, one of the leader of beeology in
Germany, thinks that there are only two dis-
tinct varieties of bee, the German and the
Egyptian ; and that Italians, Cyprians, Car-
niolans and all others, are but old and estab-
lished crosses of various degree. Gleanings,
90(). Is it not still more probable that the
yellow bee that served as prime factor in
those crosses is at present extinct? This
would make the Egyptian also a cross. I
suppose Vogel would say that his success in
reconstructing apparent Italians out of Ger-
man and Egyptian was against my theory.

IBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

337

But if the real make-up of the Egyptian
were something likt—

Germau 1

Yellow X 3

then the reconstruction might work well
enough.

Ernest's chat and series of pictures at C
C. Miller's — how different an air it carries
from the way such a thing would have been
set out a few decades ago. How pathetic-
ally and relentlessly true the kodak can be
sometimes ! tell all the truth and more than
the truth. Hardly probable that the good
Dr. is such a semi-Methuselah as he appears
in that series of pictures. Gleanings, 90G.

To assure himself that Italian queens
would not be affected by the royal jelly given
them by the hybrid nurses which he wished
to use, Mr. Doolittle has experimented in the
reverse direction also— made the yellows st
of nurses feed pure black queens. No visi-
ble resul s whatever appeared; and he is in-
clined to challenge skeptics to keep still,
else bring some proof. Gleanings,'d\Q. Got
not any to "bliug." AU'ee same keep'ee
sneaking notion there 's something in him.
How singular that that sum of all excellen-
ces the Italian bee should be so poor a nurse
that the breeders, to a great extent, want to
use something else !

The same article notes that the develop-
ment of young queens can be retarded to a
much greater extent than it can be hastened.
Half a day is about the utmost that the most
favorable circumstances can hurry them up ;
while very cold weather, or that general
lethargy that takes possession of the hive
late in the fall may delay them as much as
four days. And the earliest moment to be-
gin rearing queens iu spring is when the
sealed drone brood are beginning to change,
as to their eyes, from white to purple.

It is well known that virgin queens behave
very differently from fertile queens. In
Gleanings, 830. EUery Krum (whoever he
may be) reports seeing a virgin queen assist
a young worker in emerging to life from the
cell. Quite curious.

First flight of bees at six days old. Doolit-
tle, Gleanings, 839.

It seems the five-banded stock began about
24 years ago, H. A. King and J. M. Brooks
breeding. G. M. Loolittle drew from both,
and imparted to L. L. Hearn. In later years
the two latter have been pushing forward the
thing, and exchanging with each other.
Gleanings, 840.

Say, that Florida plan of H, W. Mitchell's,
given in Gleanings, 860, is splendid when
there is honey flow enough to make it run.
Three story hive — take out only the frames of
the upper story for extracting — fill with
empty frames — lift the second story and put
the third under, till next time round, when
the same thing is done again.

Just at what point in the honey record we
shall stop off, and refuse to believe any fur-
ther, is a nice matter. Some, perhaps, stop
off at 100 lbs., many more at 500, and most
of us before arriving at Mt. Thousand. The
record at present (providing you don't stop
off before arriving there) is T.W lbs. each for
an apiary of 63 colonies ; 48,000 lbs. in all.
Holder is H. Peterson, Wattle Flat, New
South Wales, Australia. Holds single col-
ony record also at 1,200 lbs. And one of the
bothers of it is that the discarded "long
idea" method struts under these flaunting
figures. Gleanings, 866. Wonder how a
ship would sail in honey ? Guess the wind
might blow as hard as it chose, and still the

waves would not rise very high But the

record might rise so high as to dash the
ship all to pieces. But though we fail to
have faith suflicient for 1,200 lbs. in one year,
most of us could go 100 lbs. in one month.
Then if there were 12 such months in one
year it would fetch it.

In Gleanings, 871, it is claimed for oil of
sassafras that bees do not dislike it ; while
ants, and most worms and insects hold it in
abomination, and leave its vicinity quickly.
The bark of the root can be used to some ex-
tent. Important if true.

Dr. Howard is going to pitch into that bee
disease which is now desolating the South
and California at such a rate. May he find
some weapon with which it can be " held
up."

" Its very insignificance in the North makes it
insidious and danKerous for the South. Why ?
Tlie northern (lueen breeder, 1 am afraid, does
not always realize liow dangerous a mild case of
palsied or swelled bees may be when the queen
of said bees is sent to the South. Ernest Root,
(ileanings, 872.

Another idea. John S. Callbreath sug-
gests in Gleanings, 875, that the principal
value of foundation may be that it furnishes
every bee with standing room to work, in
times of special haste, when otherwise they
would have to wait for a few, comparatively,
to get a septum started. Quite possible, and
worth testing.

Germans air their apicultural dignity by
claiming that their Dr. Dzierzon invented

338

THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

movable frames — because he taught his coun-
trymen to use bars. Frank Benton, as re-
ported in the American Bee Journal., 7215,
rather scorches them. Dzierzon is still liv-
ing, and pictures of hives with bars appear
in French books more than 150 years old,
Benton himself found the bar system in use
among ignorant Greek peasants, in an out-
of the-way region where apiculture has
flowed unchanged for centuries. And some
of these Greeks made increase by taking out
part of the combs to found a new colony.

John M'Arthur has had two queens fertil-
ized by fertile worker drones on his island in
Lake Ontario. This was done late this fall
if I take him correctly. He owes it to api-
culture to have the performance of those

queens next year recorded. American Bee
Journal, 71!*. Brick by brick the wall of
positive knowledge is built. A few repeti-
tions of the above will squelch forever the
opinion of those brethren who held fertile
worker drones to be impotent. Next we
want evidence whether they are better than
other drones or not. Quite possibly they
may be.

M'Arthur also contributes the fact that
drones on the hunt for queens sometimes
seize hold of each other and fall nearly to
the ground, where they let go and rise again.
He considers this fighting : but after all it
may, perchance, be only the frenzy of wan-
ton play. .4.B. J., 718.

Richards, Lucas Co., Ohio, Dec. 18, '94.

Geperail Irjdex to Volurpe VII-

INDE32C TO SXJBJBCTS.

Abscondins Swarms

AdvortisemeiitB

Advertising, Irregular

Adiuiratii)n Society, Mutual ;i42,

Adultoration

Adulteration of Honey

Adulteration, Talk About

AdiiltiMuti'i] lloiKW, Detecting

Attilliation, What aro tlin [ienefits of?

After-Swariiiiiifj;, I'oHitive Prevention of . ..

American Hcc-KccpBr

American liec .lomiial too Low in Price. ..

American J{ei' Journal

Apiciilturist

Apicultural Work at Experimental Stations
Baldridgo Method of Treating Foul Brood a

Success _

Bees, Dark and Light

Bee Escapes . .46, 61, 98, 99. 137, 158, 166, 184,

215,219,241.

Bee Escapes, th(< Philosophy of

Bee Eseapee and llow to Use Them

Bee Escapes are a (ireat Comfort. . . . —
Bee Escapes in (ieneral, tlie Working of. . .
Bee Escapes, Neechnl Improvement in...
Bee Escai)(>H, How In Put Them On, and How

They Save Labor and Prevent Robbing..

Bee I'^scapes, Advantages of

Bee Escapes and the Motives That Inspire

the Bees to Pass Through Tliem

Bee Escapes Witli an .Abundant Exit

Bee Escape, the Stampede ..

Bees can Escape Pretty Lively When Going

One at a Time

Bee .Jonrualism

Bees. Five- Handed

Bee Paralysis. . . 246, 266, 268, 271, 3 '1, 305,
Bee Paralysis in ('lieck, Borax and Salycilic

Acid Holds

Bee Paralysis Cured Through the Queen . .

165
104
304
273

19
106

21
216
136

15
221
104
219

221
305
193,

184
158
219
184

46
99

192
166
241

215
192

305
308

301
271

Bee Paralysis, Sulphur an Apparent Cure for

Bee Paralysis, What May be Done to Pre-
vent the Sjiread of

Bee Panilysis, Starvation not the Cause of . . .

Bee Paralysis, Symptoms of

Bee Paralysis, Mistaking it for Yellow Jas-
mine ...

Bee Paralysis a Worse Scourge Than Foul
Brood

Black Mees 12, 137,

Black Bees can do. What.

Black Meos vs. Italians.

Brimstone for Fumigating Purposes, How
to Burn.

Brood, Dead

Brace Combs 61,248,

Brace CVimbs Really Needed, Are

Brace and Burr Combs

Buckwheat

Bulletin, Taylor's First

Bulletin on Bees 162,

("arbolized Cloths

Canadian Bihi Journal

Candy for Queen Cages

Cantlying of Honey not Understood

Calfornia Bee-Keepers do not Want, Some
Things that

Carniolaus 163,191,

Cariuolans are ( i reat Breeders

Carniolans Good Workers, Very Gentle and
Not (ireat Swarmers ...

Changed Conditions of Things in Bee Cul-
ture and How to Meet Them

Clipping Queens. Catching, Holding and .

clipping her Wings, a Novel way of Holding
a Queen While

Clarifying Wax

('leaning Sticky Fingers

( >orueil's Deatli, Mr.. 104,

Covers, Removing Hive

266

246
268

268

308

271

137

214

219

270

2j8

272

219

•-'12

7
240
163

240

252
156

214
95
220
128
164

THE BEE-KEEPERS' lit VIEW.

339

Conventional Featuro That may Prove Val-
uable, A 326

C(mtril)iit<)rs, SusRostions for _ 249

Condensed View of Cnrient R(>i> Writings 21, 49,

74, 1(19. l:iS, KiT, 111-), 224. 2:i8. 'ISS. 310.
Colony not Hest Every Year, The Same. .. . 95

Combs, the Care of 191

Commission Men, Selling Without Employ-
ins . 18

Convention. Ontario Bee-Keepers' 41

Convention, Michigan State 18

Credit, Giving full 219

Dadanfs Plan of Preventing Incsease 191

Dipping-Hoards. ..95

Dividing Colonies Where Shall the Queen bo

Left, In 134

Doolittle Cell-{^up8. 15

Drawn ('ombs for use in the White Honey

Harvest, How to Secure 130

Economy in Labor .. 271

Eight-Frame Hives vs. Ten-Frame Hives . 307

EUison's Death, W.J 71

Entrance Diagnosis 192

Entrances 271

Entrances, Hive 244

Exhibiting Honey at Fairs 19

Experimental Work in Apiculture. . 5, 19

Experimental Apiary, Work at Michigan's 5, 33,

61, 89, 117, 145, 173, 201, 229, 257, 285, 313.
Fanners' Institutes and Their Relati'm to

Reo-Keoping 328

Feeding, Stimulative 13

Feeder, Dayton Bee > 327

Feeders. Percolator 281

Feeding Sugar to Bees in the Fall and Spring 242

Feeding and Feeders 302

Fertilization of Blossoms by Bees 71

Flora of Nortiiern Michigan, Honey 18

Five-Banded Bees 305

Foreign Journals, Extracts From 160,213, 296
Foul Brood . . .10, 16, 33. 36, 44. 47, 131, 164, 265, 305
Foul Brood, A Wosteru Man's Experience

with 10

Foul Brood, its Symptoms and Cure 3.3

Foul Brood, The Propagation and Dissem-
ination of . . ... 3(i

Foul Brood, Is Bacillus Alvoi 'he Germ of . . 47
Foul Brood Without Shaking the Bees off or
Interrupting Them in Their Labors, How

to Get Kid of. . . 131

Foul Brood; Its Natural History and Ra-
tional Treatment 161

Foul Broody Hives by Burning Kerosene Oil,

Disinfecting 101,131

Foul Brood, an Experiment with 265

Foul Broody Foundation . 305

Foul Bioo(ly Hives may Need Boiling and

Wlien they may not. When 10

Foundation Question, Dadants on the 30fi

Foundation Tests, Comb.... .. 293

Foundation Experiment, What Deductions

Shallbe Drawn From the 273

Foundation, Tliick 273

Foundation Not as Liable to Have Fish Bono
in tlie ("ondj but Not as Acceptable to

the Bees. Flat 249

Foundation Pointers by Rambler, Some 129

Foundation by a new Process 105

F()unda*:ion. The Characteristics of Good. . 64

Foundation, Molded 99

Foundation Experiments . . 237
Foundation, Do Bees Add any Wax in Draw-
ing Out 73

Foundation Experiments, Suggestions for . 93
Foundation, Why Rollers are Preferable for

Making 66

Foundation, Some Facts Relating to Flat,

Bottomed 67

Foundation How to make the best 44

Foundation and How to Secure Them, Essen-
tial Qualities of 42

Foundation Making on a Press 107

Foundation in Sections, the Effect of Using

Heavy 65

Frames, Advantages of Single-Tier Wide. . 93

Fumigating Purposes, How to Burn Brim-
stone for 214

Given Foundation.. .. 8,62,68,100,102,135,280
(liven Foundation is Softer Than Other

Makes, Why 62

(Jiven Foundation, the Superiority of 102

Given Foundation Went out of the Market,

One Reason why 68

Given Foundation Went out of the Market,

why g

Given Foundation Made on Rolls 135

Given Foundation Years .Vgo, How Mr. Hed

dou Liked 135

Given vs. Rolled Foundation 280

(Tiven Press Was Dropped, Why the 9

Given Press Makes Soft Foundation, One

Reason why the. ... 69

Given Press, Improvements Needed in the.. 102

Gleanings 1,5

(Trading Honey Objectionable 95

Hand-Holes Unsatisfactory 104

Heated Repositoi ies. ,\ Caution in Regard

to Wintering Hees in 8

Heddon was not Prosecuted, Why Mr, .. 136
Heddon is Regarded by one of his old Stu-
dents. How Mr. 300

Heddon and his Journal, Bro 274, 297

Heddon Hive, Condemning the 104

Heddon "s Boo .Journal 106

High Side- Walls can bo Made on a Press but?

^ it may not be .Advisable 68

Hivos, Eight-Frame vs. Ton Frame 307

Hives for use in Raising tlomb Honey, the

best Size of 189

Hives. Eight-Framo 134

Honey on the Fingers, Removing 164

Honey Boards 220

Honey a Fancy .\rticle 19

Honoy ('omes From. Where . . .... 39

House-Apiary for Winter and Spring and

Feeding Bees, .Advantages of I.3

Hybrid, The Term 218. 219

Increase Without Finding the Queens, Short

Method of Making 308

Incubator, .\ Colony of Bees as an 162

Introducing Queens 271

Italianizing an Apiary ... 303

Judging the Future From the Past 100

Large Colonics. 30,')

Large SwartHH and the Weight of Hives .. ..161

Langdon's Non-Swarmor 15

Locality, Consider the 17

Michigan State ('onvention 18, 302

Moisture in Bee Cellars 19

Nail for Prying Frames Loose, A Ten Penny

Wire 219

North .Americin Association 191. 216, ?45. 27,5, 303
North American be Made More Useful, How

can the ?. 216

North American Holding More tlian one

S(>ssi()n .\nnually 303

Northern Br(>d (Queens Seem More Free From

Paralysis 240

Non Swarming 105

Non-Swarming Bees 105

Notes From the Pacific Coast 1,57

Objects of Interest near Whore you Live,

What are the 17

Old Straw, Don't Thresh 104

Ontario Hee-Keopers' Convention, a Brief

Summary of . 41

Orange Blossom Honey 15

Outside Diagnosis 301

Out-Apiaries. 12

Parthenogecosis 160

Paralysis Germs Seem to be in the Honey,

Ree 326

Paralysis, Bee 192,244

Paralysis Seems to be Confined to tho Nurse

Boos, Bee 328

Paralysis, Salt and .Sulphur Don't Cure Bee.. 247
Paralysis iiul Some* Suggestions for its

Treatnu-nt, Tho Nature of Bee 251

Pettit S. T 104

Percolation, Tho Philosophy of .334

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW

Percolator Feeders 281,

Planting for Honey

Poor Seasons to be Expected

Pound, Selling Bees by tlie ...

Progressive Hoc-Keeper

Protection for Bees in Spring 72,

Protection and Stimulative feeding. . 193,

Prevention of Swarming 16.

Prevention of Swarming by Working Several
Golonios Together

Preventing Increase

Progressive Bee Keeper

Practical Bee-Keeper ... 135,

Pulled Queens

Pulverized Sugar for Making (^andy for
Queen Cages

Quarterly, Bee- Keepers' .220,

Quarterly, Why Some of the Journals do not
Notice the

Queen, How to Find and Clip a

Queen While Clipping her Wings, A Novel
way of Holding a

Queen, How Much ("enters in the

Queen Cages, Construction of

Queens, Caring for Large Numbers of

Queens When There is a Surplus, How to
Care for

Queens Injured by Taking From Full Col-
onies

Queens Cramping..

Reports, Those Apiary

Review to get the best Correspondence,
Wants th»»,

Read, What do you ?

Ripening of Honey

Root. .\ Visit From Ernest :

Seat Tool Box

Seat for Bee-Keepors

Selling Honey Without Employing Commis-
sin Men

Separators

Sealed Covers are not Objectionable, When . .

Self Hivers, High Hopes for the

Size of Hives for use in Raising Comb Hon-
ey, the best _

Smoke and how to use it

Smoker . .

Snow to Drift Over the Hives and Remain
all Winter, Don't Allow the

Specialty can do. What

Spring Protection

Sponge for Cleaning the Fingers, a_ Wet . .

Strike Compelled the Editor to Give up his
Visit Among Bee-Keepers

Stimulative Feeding 181,

Supply Trade, the Future of the

Success in Bee ('ulture

Sugar for Winter Stores

Subscripti'in Price of Class Journals Must be
Higher, Why the _ '

Supers, Early Work in the

Subduing Bees

Sweet ('lover 41, 102,

Sweet Clover as a Honey and Forage Plant. .

Swarm Explained, the Energy of a

Swarms Cluster on a Bush, How to Make

Swarm (Catchers 163, 186, 188,

Swarm ('ateliers vs. Queen Traps

Swarm Catchers and Queen Traps

Swarm (Catchers are to bo Used, How

Swarm Catchers. Advantages of

Swarm ('atchers Work Satisfactorily

Syrup Without Heat that will not Oystalize,
Making

Taylor R L

Tariff on ITonoy

Trp Bars, Wide Deep

Toronto (llobo

To wuKend Seel ion Press

Twenty tivo years Experiments in Bee-Keop
ing -

Two Queens in one Hive not Always a Suc-
cess

Uniting Bers

yan Deusen J

243
161
21.'i
163
1.5
103
219
223

16
135

301

162

274

274
107

214
45
242
220

166

192
163
69

9
193
133
^20
271
245

18
191

38
186

189
193

304

181

191

192
209
19
164
155

246
222
222
106
106
240
194
189
1S6
16-1
188
188
189

193
15
242
302
242
134

Veil, Holding Down a 135, 161

Veil Without Tucking it Inside the Collar,

How to Wear a 1('5

Wax (^ausod by Pollen. Yellow Color in 301

Wax Manipulation 65, 104

Wax Manipulation and Foundation Making 65

Wax, How to Make (iood 64

Wax with Acids, Cleansing 61

Water Bot tie in Queen Cages 44

Wintering, An Experiment in 27

Wintering Boos iu a 'Warm Atmosphere 16

Wintering Bees in a Heated Repository, A

( 'aution in Regard to 8

Winter, Proparati( )ns for 20

Woodcock Foundation Fastener 71

Index to CorresDoMeiits.

Abbott E.T 216

Aikin R. C 98

Armstrong J. E I(i5

Aspinwall L. A 328

Atchley Mrs. Jennie 166,305

Baldridge M. M 102, 131

Beall J.T 193

Bell Lewis B 300

Case J. B 242

Cornells 16,20,36

(!overdale Frank 136

CyroniusFH 16

Dadant C. P 66, 306

DaggittE. A 93

Dayton C. W... . 46, 104, 107, 137, 158, 184, 241, 244,

215, 247.

Dibbern C. H 104. lt-7, 217

Doolit' le G. M 139, 248, 249, 304

FordT. S 240,308

Foster Oliver 42

Flanagan E. T 68

FrazierW. C 15,191

France E . 240

Gemmill F A 328

Getaz Adrian ; 251

Gill M. A 307

Golden J. A 189

Green J A 47

Hasty E. E 21, 48, 74, 109, 139, 166, 195, 224, 25%

310.

HatchC.A 64

Head G. L 12

Heddon Jas 9, 135, 222, 223, 297, 308

HoltermanR. F 104

Holmes R.H i02

Howard Wm 164

Hunt M H 65

Inglis Kathrine M 160,213, 296

Jones H.L 242

Langdon H. P 15

Looft C. G- 164

Mason Dr. A. B 69

M.Knight R 39.1 33, 212

Miller S.E 302

Miller C. C 8, 107, 222

I* iller F.J 2 4

Miller A. C 191

Myers John 62

Murray C H 191

Newman T.(i 13f)

PatersonJ N 165

Phin John 2!8

Fringle Allen 41, 128, 193, 220

Pryal W A 44

Quigley E. F 305

"Rambler" 7,38,100,129,1.57

Shepard M. W 73

Smiih L. B 192,246

Somerford F O, 242

Taylor R. L 5, 33, 61,91, 127, 155, 181, 209, 237,

292, 3 1.

Taylor B 1 -, 46, 95, 130, \^S, 194, 215, 2,52

Tlumipson F. L 219

Todd Elmer 10

Van Dousen Justus 67, 214

Wilcox J. W 1 166

VVoodley W. W 99

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

341

ADVERTISEMENTS

awfij Olli

asvdfj

9ij\) e9aji)p\- •siajBap i)aij sjeqoBaj o^ ^nnooaip
'94U00 Of 93HcI 'Sntis J0A9aai{A\. ijq b sejjBiu— jbj
-ndoci puB 'itqa^BO '.t'jiojd st paB '^no ^enC si ^j

m m

SI i^aos z:^^BA^ !)89:).B| aqj,

BEGINNERS.

Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur
Bee- Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse.
Price 25c., by mail 2'ic. The little book and the
Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28
pas?e monthly journal) one year 65c. Address,
fiuy first-clasR dealer or;

LEAHY M'F'G CO. Hiqginsville. Mo.

1 2-9.3-1 2t.

Please mention the Revieiu.

Convention Photographs.

In the account of tlie St. Joseph conven-
tion will be found the description of a pho-
tograph that I had taken of the members.
This picture will give you a peep at the
leading bee-keepers of the country, particu-
larly those of the West, and will also show
you seven editors all standing in a line. If
you would like to see the picture with a view
to its purchase, all you have to do is to send
me a postal card saying that you would like
to receive a picture on approval, and one
will be sent. If it suits you, the price
(75cts.) may be sent in postage stamps.
If you don't care to keep it. simply send it
back, and no harm will be done.

W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.

THE STK ATTOM

A.nnerica,n

GUITARS^ MANDOLINES

•RE HANDLED BY ALl THE lEADJNG 4USiC STORES

ObR. Asn. eiraseye Mapre. Mahogany and Roaewooo.
JOHN F STRATTON & SON.

Musical MerctLandise.

»9 • «S WWKer St..

MEW rORIk

Please mention the Reuieui,

GOLDEN iT»LHH QUEENS

Now ready for $1.00 each. Do not order your
supplies until you see our circular for 1894. For
the price, wo have the best spraying outfit made.
Send $1.50 and got one. Wm. H. BRIGHT,
l-94-12t Mazeppa, Minn.

Please mention the Review,

By Return Mail.

FINE ITALIAN QUEENS.

Bred for Business, Beauty
and Gentleness. Untested in June. $1 00 ; July
to October 75c each; 6 for $4.25. Safe arrival
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send for free
circular to

Theo. Bender^

6.94.tt Canton, Ohio

Headless Queens.

I only mean that in my yard all queens be-
come "headless" unless their bees prove to be
gentle, beautiful and great honey gatherers. I
have both the three and five-banded varieties,
bred in separate yards, twelve miles apart.
Warranted queens only 60 ct6. each; tested, 90
cts. Strong, two-frame nuclei. $1 90 each.
Three- ramo, $2.35; four-frame, $2.80. Safe ar-
rival guaranteed.

l-94-I2t. J. H. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.

Please mention the Review.

— If you wish the best, low-priced —

TYRE - WRITER,

Write to the editor of the Review. He lias an
Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he
would be pleased to send descriptive circulars
or to correspond with any one thinking of buy-
ing such a machine.

TELL YOUR READERS

To order queens of J. N. Colwiok, Norse, Texas,
where they can get a nice tested ITALIAN
QUEEN ( reared in 1893 ) for $1.25. Untested
queens in April or May at $1.00 each or $9.00 per
dozou. Safe arrival guaranteed. Orders may be
booked now for bees, queens, drones, etc., and
they will be shipped when wanted.
2-94-tf J. N. COLWICK. Noree. Texas.

lEE supplies;

I Send for free copy of II^L,XJSTRATED

r CATALOGUE— describing everything
useful to a BEE-KEEPER. Address
T. O. Newman, 147 So. Western Ave., Chicaeo.

Please mention the Reuieui.

342

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE

Barnes* Foot and Hand
Power Machinery.

This cat reprosentB our
Combined Circular and
Scroll Saw, which is the
best machine made for
Bee Keepers' use in the
construction of their hives,
^!S« '-^j^^/fi / ^ sections, boxes, etc.

^ ^"y ^ 3.g4.l6t

MACHINES SENT ON TRIAL.

FOR OATALOGDE, PKIOKS, ETC.,
Address W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St , Rockford, Ilia

IF YOU WANT THE

BEE BOOK

That covers the whole apicultural field more
completely than any other published, send $1.25
to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for
his

Bee-Keepers' Guide.

Liberal Discounts io the Trade.

420 Lbs^yerage.

420 lbs. average is what my bees gave that I
moved to the mangrove ; those at home, 300 lbs.

each.

Five-Banded Bees

too. Queens bred for business from this stock
will be sent out in season of '95 for $1.00 each
until May, per dozen, fS.OO Circular free.

J. B. CASE,

12-91-tf.

Port Orange, Fla.

PI ||2

I Naiuts of Bee - Keepers. I

a TYPE WRITTEN. B

a m

BEBBBBBElBEEIBBECilEilSEElBIBBSBBC:

The names of my customers, and of those ask-
ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ-
ten in a book. There are several thousand all
arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) .
and, although this list has been secured at an ex-
pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it
to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names.
A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the
names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or,
possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom-
modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number
of names in a certain state, or states, will be an-
swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50
per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by
using the manifold process, I can furnish tliem
at $2.00. \V. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich.

FALCON SSCTIOKS

Are acknowledged to be

The Very Best or) tbe A\arKet.

They are the original " Polished Sections."

Hives and Winter Cases.

ALL STYLES.

LOWEST PRICES.

BEE SUPPLI ES

Of all kinds cheap.

Five per cent, discount on all prices in our
catalogue (excepting shipping cases) until De-
cember Ist Four per cent, in December.^ Three
per cent, in January. Two per cent, in Feb-
ruarv.

CATALOGUE and copy of the AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER free. Address

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.,

Jamesto-tvn, N. Y.

TKe mZM. 8€C rOUK» KT JLiiST !

A Superior 5tra.io of GoNen Itzilizvps

The result of thirteen years' carelul br' eding ami selection. They are gentle, indus-
trious, good comb builders, enter Ihe sections readily, cap their honey the wiiitest,
are not inclined to hwarni, and ; re '•econd to none in beauty, : a strain of bees that,
by practical test, has excelled all competitors in storing honey. Price of yoimg
queens, warranted purely mated, in April and Mav, $1.25 each: six for $6.00. In
June, $1.00 each; six for $5.00 From July to Nov., $1.00 each or six for $4. .50.
The price of tested queens, bees by the pound, nuclei arid full colonies given upon
application. Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed 'or money refunded.

SECTIO/S5, $2.(K) per 1,000. Lovetailed Hives at bottom prices. For full -■'-^^

particulars, send tor descriptive catalogue. 1-04-tf

C. D. DUVAIjL, Speuoerville, Mont. Co., Maryland.

My Bee-Keeping Priend—

If I am correct; your subscription expires with this
issue. Moving learned that the majority of readers prefer
to have their periodicals continued until ordered stopped, I
shall, unless I receive orders to the contrary, continue to
send the REVIEW right alongj believing that such a course
will meet your approval. Por your convenience in remit-
ting, I enclose an order-sheet and envelope. Should it not
be convenient for you to send a remittance just at present,
yet you desire the REVIEW continuedj fill out the order-
sheet for the time that you wish the REVIEW to run^ and
say when you can payj and it will be all right.

But if you wish the REVIEW discontinued; please
return the order- sheet, with a statement to that effect,
immediately-, and your wish shall be complied with. Now,
please bear in mind that, if I do not hear' from you im-
mediately, I shall infer that you wish the REVIEW contin-
ued, and that you will shortly return the envelope with a
remittance.

Whether your decision favors my efforts or not, I
most sincerely thank you for past patronage.
As ever yours,

W, Z, HUTCHINSON.

p. S.— If you prefer to have the Review stopped at the expiration of the time
paid for, please say so when renewing, and your wish shall be complied with.

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

S43

If you ate not using the

New Heddon Hive

OH, FOR CANADA.

For 1895 I will handle the G. B. Lewis Co.,
SNOW WHITE SECTIONS -the best in the
world. Samples free, I will make Dovetailed
Hives of the fluest lumber. I shall also rear and
sell Five-Banded Queens. Last year I sold 1,887,
and only two were lost in the mail. Send for my
new circular and price list that will be out Jan-
uary 1st. N. H. SMITH,

Tilbury Center. Ont., Canada.

11 .94-tf. Lock Box A.

Pleas-

the Reu

THE STRATTON

ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES

FOI^ 1894.

Before you purchase, look to yonr interest, and
send for catalogue and price list.

J. P. H. BROWN,
1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia.

Please mention the Review.

HATCH CHICKENS wnb the muuel
Excelsior Incubator.

Simple., Perfect, Self-Regu-
lating. Thousands in success-
ful operation. Guaranteed to
hatch a larger percentage of
fertile eggs at less Cost than
any other Hatcher. Lowest
priced flrst'Claas Hatcher
made. GEO. M. 8TA1IL,
114tolSas.ethSt,qii ncy,!!!.

Please mention the Reuieie.

BEE-KEEPERS'

SUPPLY HOUSE

J. H. M COOK. 78 Barclay St, N. Y. City.

{SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.)

4-93-if Send for illustrated Catalogue

Please mention the Reulew.

"Harp" and "Manhattan" Gnitar,

Warranted not to Crack. No Guitars sold
at retail. Dealers please send for Illustrated
Catalogue.

JOHN F. STRATTON & SON,

♦3 & 45 Walker Street. NEW YORK.

Your Honey A\arKet.

If NOT SUPPLIED, send eight cents for
samples and prices of the finest honey in the
world, gathered from alfalfa and clover. Very
cheap. Address

OLIVER FOSTER,

11-94- tf. Las Animas, Colo.

NEW YORK CITY

Is the center of more R. R. and Ex. Go's, than
any Other place in the country. That means low
transportation chaiges. Combined with this the
fact that our prices are low and supplies first-
class, shows a reason WHY you should send for

our circular. ^^^^..t^tt. i.,

1. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park Place. 1-94-12 New York, N. Y.

Pleaso mention the Reuieui

WRITE U5

Before ordermg your sections and we
will give you BOTTOIVI PRICES on

"BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION,

j T^ i

Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and

other Supplies. .

We have everything in tiptop order, and can

fill orders on short notice. Let us hear

from you for prices.

J. pOI?l*CROOK & CO-.

Jan. 1st, 1894. Watertown, Wis.

Loczil 5upply Dezilers,

1 have gotten out a circular that is of special
interest to you. Send me your address and I
will send you one. Never mind if you only supply your neighbors with supplies, you are
the man to whom I wish to talk-to unfold a plan that will be to our mutual benefit.

-W. Z, HUTCHINSON, riint, Mioh.

344

THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW.

DADANT'S FOUNDATION

Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best
machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such
as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed;
1 and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation
i offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar-
1 anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application.

1 LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails,

l^and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HailliltOn, lilS. ^

-^1 ^^^^^^^ 4-94-l2t Please mention the Seo/e ••. ^^^^^^g^ l^^-

lUnstraied Alvertlseients Attract Attention.

Cuts Furnisned for all illastrating Purposes.

Please mention the Reuieui,

^^^^ \^ Queens rank with the best in
W' W' \ w the world. I rear none ex-
fl I ■ ^^"^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ Italians bred for

■ I I business, beauty and all good

■ I I Qualities. I strive to excel, and

■ A I l^ave shipped to every StatP: and

■ I to foreign covintries, and if I have
M ' m '^ dissatisfied customer, I don't

r > know it. A large number of

queens on hand. Breeders 4 and
5 band, $2.00 ; straight 5 band, «;^.i'0. Untestpd,
$1.00. Referon.-e, A. 1. Koot. W. H. LAWS,
2-94-tf Lavaca, Ark.

BINGHAM PERFECT

BEE SMOKER

Pat'd 1878, 1882, & 1892.

Cheapest & Best on Earth.

Send Card for Circular to

Bingham &Hetherington

ABSONIA, MICB.

HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accu-
rate and Cheap. The trade supplied.
Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's
prices and the best shipping point in
the country. Write for prices.

WALTER S. POUDER,
1 S4.12t Indianapolis, Ind.

Please mention the Revieu).

Largest Factory in the West.

COMPLETE STOCK.
Good Supplies and Low Prioes, Our Motto
We are here to serve you and will if you give us a chance. Catalogue Free. Adderss,
UeAHY A\aWUP/\CTURIWG CO., Higgiijsvill?, AVo.

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