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1933-1934 


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'  MONTANA  STATE  LIBRARY^ 


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STATE  DOCUM 


MONTANA 
STATE  FISH  AND  GAME 


DEPARTMENT 


MONTANA  STATE  DBRW« 

930  East  Lyndale  Avenue 

>4elena,  Montana  596Qi 


THE  SPOKTSMAN 

Said  a  five-inch  trout  as  lie  scampered  back, 

"Not  all  of  the  human  race  is  black." 

I've  just  met  a  sportsman  in  a  boat, 

A  fearful  man  in  a  leather  coat, 

I  fought  for  my  life,  but  his  line  was  strong, 

And  I  couldn't  get  loose  from  the  hook's  sharp  prong. 

And  I  shivered  with  fright  as  I  saw  him  grin 
With  terrible  glee  as  he  drew  me  in. 
Then  the  hook  came  out  and  his  line  grew  slack, 
As  he  petted  my  sides,  and  threw  me  back. 
And  I  heard  him  say  as  I  dove  down  deep, 
"Good  luck  to  you,  lad,  you're  too  small  to  keep." 
"Yes,"  said  the  wise  fish,  "now  and  then, 
The  human  family  does  breed  men!" 

—Edgar  A.  Guest. 


UNO    CO   ,    MCLINA.    HONI 


To  His  Excellency, 

The  Hon.  Frank  H.  Cooney, 

Governor  of  Montana, 

Helena. 

The  State  Fish  and  Game  Commission  herewith 
respectfully  submits  the  biennial  report  of  activities 
of  the  department,  setting  forth  achievements  dur- 
ing the  years  1933  and  1934. 

MONTANA  STATE  FISH  AND  GAME 
COMMISSION 

W.  P.  Sullivan,  Chairman 
William  Steinbrenner  Ray  G.  Lowe 

William  F.  Flynn  W.  C.  Keil 

J.  W.  Carney, 
State  Fish  and  Game  Warden 
and  Secretary  of  Commission. 


MONTANA  STATE  FISH  AND  GAME 

DEPARTMENT 


#= 


COMMISSIONERS 

W.  P.  SULLIVAN.  Chairman.  Square  Butte 
WILLIAM  STEINBRENNER,  Missoula  RAY.  G.  LOWE.  Glondive 

WILLIAM  F.  FLYNN.  Anaconda  W.  C.  KEIL,  Billings 

JACK  W.  CARNEY.  State  Game  Warden 

GAME    WARDEN'S    OFFICE    STAFF 

THOMAS  O.  PEASLEY.  Ass't.  Game  Warden     NELLIE  RAW,  Secretary 
WILLIAM  H.  VOORHIES,  Cashier  GERTRUDE  SIMON,  Stenographer 

STATE   GAME   FARM 
J.  F.   HENDRICKS.   Suporintendcnt.   Warm   Springs 

DEPUTY    GAME    WARDENS 

L.  C.  CI.ARK.  Havre  HARRY  COSNER.  Malta 

THOMAS  DANAHER.  Gardiner  W.  J.  DORRINGTON,  Libbv 

W.  A.  HILL.  Wolf  Point  A.  T.  HOLMES,  Billings 

WM.  RAY  KOHLS,  Ennis  E.  M.  KROST.  Missoula 

J.  I'.  McCAFFERY.  Anaconda  F,  R.  MARSHALL.  Bozeman 

P.  W.  NELSON,  Livingston  A.  A.  O'CLAIRE,  Kalispell 

FRED  E.  PILLING.  Butte  C.  R.  PRICE.  Dillon 

A.  D.  ROUSHAR.  Cut  Bank  H.  C.  SAILOR,  Absarokee 
J.  A.  WEAVER,  Lewistown 

SPECIAL  DEPUTY   GAME  WARDENS 

ELMER  A.  DeGOLIER.  Poison  H.  B.  IVES,  Superior 

HARRY  N.  MORGAN,  Ovando  GEORGE  MUXT>OW.  Glendive 

BRUCE  NEAL,  Augusta  FRANK  STARINA.  Hardin 

FRED  T.   STAUNTON.   Roundup  LOUIS  MILLER.  Ilarlowlon 

O.  L.  REED,  Miles  City  H.  R.  MORROW.  Geraldine 

FISHERIES  DIVISION 

KENNETH   F.   MacDONALD.   Superintendent   of  Fisheries 

ANN   CRIMMINS,    Stenographer 

FISH   HATCHERIES' 

Anaconda,  A.  G.  Stubblefield.  Foreman 

Big  Timber,  J.  W.  S'chofield.  Foreman 

Daly   (Hamilton).  J.  P.  Slu-clmn.  Foreman 

Emigrant,  J.  P.  Campbell,  Foreman 

Great  FalLs,  Leo  Gilroy,  Foreman 

Libby,  Elmer  Phillips,   Foreman 

Ovando,  George  Miller.  Foreman 

Philipsburg   (Rock  Creek),  (iraham  Cadwell.  Foreman 

Poison   (Station  Creek t.  O.  W.  Link.  Foreman 

Red  Lodge,  Melvin  Hoglund,  Foreman 

Somers,  Eli  Melton,  Foreman 

SPAWNING  STATIONS 

Flint  Creek,  Georgetown  Lake  Hebgen  Lake,  near  West  Yellowstone 

Stewart  Mill.  (ieorgtMown  Lnk<'  Lake  Ronan.  near  Dayton 

Ashley  l^ake,  near  Kalispell  I^ko  Francis,  near  Valier 

Rodgers  Lake,  near  Kalispell 

POND   CTTLTT'RAL    STATION 
J.    H.   Chartrand,   Foreman,    Miles  City 


MONTANA    STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


GAME  AND  FISH  OUTLOOK 

By  W.  P.   SULLLIVAN 

CHAIRMAN,    STATE    FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


w- 


W.   P.    SULLIVAN 


'EATHER    conditions    in    Montana    for    the    two-year 

period,   January   1933,   to   December  1934,   were  most 

unusual.    Higher  year   round   temperatures  prevailed 

with  less  precipitation  over  most  of  the  state  than  for  any 

two  consecutive  years  in  Montana's  history. 

The  light  snowfall  in  the  mountains  and  on  the  plains 
proved  advantageous  for  big  game  and  upland  birds,  but 
the  extremely  high  temperatures  and  lack  of  rainfall  dur- 
ing the  last  two  summers  brought  an  unparalleled  drought 
condition  with  coincident  suffering  and  loss  to  upland  and 
migratory  birds  and  game  fish  in  the  lesser  trout  streams 
of  the  state. 

Most  of  the  trout  streams  oi-iginating  in  the  Highwood, 
Bearpaw,  Little  Rocky,  Snowy,  Belt  and  other  mountain 
ranges  completely  dried  up  in  July  of  this  year.  Local  sportsmen,  aided  by 
deputy  game  wardens,  saved  many  trout  from  pools  in  the  drying  streams,  trans- 
porting them  to  live  waters,  but  it  was  impossible  to  keep  pace  with  the 
rapidly  evaporating  waters  of  the  streams  and   many  troxtt  were  Tost. 

In  the  administration  of  the  business  of  the  Montana  Fish  and  Game  depart- 
ment, the  commission  has  endeavored  to  be  fair  and  impartial  to  every  county 
in  tLie  state  in  the  distribution  of  birds  and  planting  of  fish.  This  policy  has 
been  followed  faithfully.  The  distribution  was  based  on  the  facilities  of  each 
county  to  properly  conserve  the  products  of  the  game  farm  and  state  hatcheries. 

Substantial  progress  has  been  made  in  the  past  two  years  in  improvements 
at  the  state  fish  hatcheries,  the  game  farm,  and  in  the  construction  of  rearing 
ponds.  During  the  present  year  the  department  acquired  title  to  the  Daly 
hatchery  at  Hamilton.  This  hatchery  was  constructed  by  the  late  Marcus  Daly 
at  a  cost  of  $30,000.  It  was  acquired  by  the  department  from  the  administra4;ors 
of  the  estate  at  a  cost,  of  $4,500.00. 

Departmental  revenues  have  decreased  in  Montana  as  well  as  in  all  other 
western  states  as  a  result  of  the  nationwide  depression,  but  every  division  of 
the  department  has  continud  to  function  creditably  under  curtailed  expenses. 

The  game  farm  at  Warm  Springs,  under  the  able  management  of  Joe  Hen- 
dricks, continued  to  produce  from  10,000  to  11,000  birds  for  liberation  each  year, 
at  a  cost  per  bird  much  below  the  average  in  other  states. 

The  state  fish  hatcheries  under  the  supervision  of  K.  F.  MacDonald,  have 
continued  to  operate  at  near  maximum  production,  over  30,000,000  game  fish  being 
produced  and  planted  annually  in  the  streams,  lakes  and  rivers  of  Montana. 
Advantage  has  been  taken  of  the  available  relief  work  and  many  improve- 
ments of  a  permanent  nature  have  been  made  at  the  department  stations  through- 
out the  state.     Attention  is  called  particularly  to  the  upbuilding  of  the  stations 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


at  Lewistown  and  Giants  Springs  in  Great  Falls  where  an  abundant  and  perma- 
nent water  supply  will  always  be  available. 

The  Montana  highway  department  has  a  marvelous  record  of  accomplish- 
ment to  its  t-redit  in  the  past  two  years.  The  main  highways  across  the  state 
are  practically  completed  and  hundreds  of  miles  of  scenic  highways  are  being 
extended  to  the  beautiful  mountains.  Game,  fish  and  good  roads  will  attract 
an  increasing  number  of  tourists  to  the  Treasure  state  in  the  years  to  come. 

The  commission,  though  heavily  handicapped  since  last  April  by  the  con- 
troversy which  every  cme  in  the  state  is  familiar  with,  has  pro<'eeded  with  its 
official  duties  and  tasks.  Under  this  handicap  and  harassment,  it  was  difficult 
for  the  commission  to  accomplish  all  that  was  desired,  yet  much  good  has  been 
accomplished. 

An  atmosphere  of  mutual  respect  and  harmony  prevails  between  the  mem- 
l)ers  of  the  commission  and  the  chiefs  representing  the  federal  departments  and 
divisions  in  Montana.  In  the  final  co-ordination  and  adjustment  of  the  federal 
and  state  game  program,  no  serious  conflict  is  anticipated.  These  adjustments 
can  and  will  be  made  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  responsible  men  concerned  and 
for  the  permanent  benefit  of  the  people  of  Montana. 


THERE'S  A  THRILL  WHEN  THEY  BREAK 


Montana's    .stream.s,    abuundinp    with    fi^lititiK    Kiiine    trout,    provide    pleasure    and    en- 
joyment   to    the    tourists    passing    through    the    state    who    try    their    skill    at 
the   sportiest   of  all — the    flashing   rainbow. 


MONTANA    STATE    FISH    AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


# 


BENEFITS  OF  THE  BUCK  LAW 

By  RAY  G.  LOWE 

MEMBER.    STATE    FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


Waiting  for  ma. 


Sportsment  over  the  state  disagree  somewhat  regarding  the 
benefit  tlmt  is  derived  from  the  buck  law,  but  all  that  is  neces- 
sary is  to  study  the  conditions  and  the  situations  in  other  states 
where  the  deer  were  almost  extinct — and  in  many  sections  of 
our  own  state — to  determine  the  practicability  of  the  law. 

In  some  parts  of  Montana  a  few  years  ago,  it  was  a  rare 
sight  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  a  deer,  but  the  buck  law  has  worked 
out  to  such  a  degree  that  not  one  of  the  locations  I  have  in 
mind  shows  anything  but  a  healthy  increase.  In  many  regions 
you  are  allowed  to  enpoy  your  hunt  through  the  benefits  of 
the  buck  law  alone. 

At  one  time  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  was  almost  devoid 

of  deer.    Some  right-thinking  man  or  men  decided  to  place  the 

buck  law  in  oiieration  and  today  that  state  has  more  deer  than 

any  other.    This  condition,  no  matter  how  hard  it  is  to  believe, 

was  brought  about  by  the  buck  law  in  a  state  that  has  more 

people    to    the    area    than    any    other    game-producing    state    in    the    nation.     The 

publi.shed  articles  of   the   state  pertaining   to   the  matter  give  full   credit  to  the 

buck   law. 

These  astonishing  facts  or  results  have  been  brought  about  by  the  protec- 
tion of  the  brood  stock.  You  must  protect  the  brood  stock  to  enable  the  increase 
to  come  to  be  of  sufficient  proportions  to  take  care  of  the  extra  kill — coming 
each  year  through  new  roads  into  game  teriitories,  more  sportsmen,  inci-easing 
use  of  high-powered  rifles,  and  easy  transportation  by  automobile,  train  and  bus. 

A  stockman  who  is  trying  to  take  care  of  his  herd  or  is  building  it  up,  does 
not  butcher  or  dispose  of  the  cows  and  heifers,  but  he  keeps  and  holds  them 
back  in  oi-der  that  his  herd  will  increase  each  year.  The  record  shows  that 
there  is  approximately  an  equal  number  of  does  and  bucks  raised  annually.  By 
saving  the  does  we  will  soon  have  as  many  bucks  each  year  as  we  formerly 
had  added  together. 

Protect  the  does,  save  them,  and  they  will  furnish  you  with  good  hunting 
in  the  years  to  come.  While  thinking  of  this,  do  not  forget  the  boy  gi-owing 
up  with  the  same  instincts  and  love  of  the  out-of-doors  as  you,  the  same  red 
blood  that  leads  him  into  the  hills,  and  the  same  desii-e  to  be  a  good  sportsman 
and  a  proud  hunter.  Give  him  a  chance  to  enjoy  the  same  things  you  did  and 
never  be  it  your  lot  to  say  to  him : 

"Well,  son,  we  had  the  game,  lots  of  it.  but  we  didn't  think  of  you.  We 
just  killed  it  ourselves.  I  am  .sorry  that  .you  cannot  enjoy  the  sport  I  did,  the 
good  times  in  the  fields  and  .streams.  It  is  my  fault,  I  killed  the  mothers,  the 
does,  the  hens,  and  now  there  are  none  left.  If  the  buck  law  and  its  benefits 
had  been  explained  to  me  there  would  he  plenty  of  game  for  you  *  *  *  It  is 
too  late  now." 


MONTANA    STATE    FISH    AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


=@ 


PROGRESS    MADE 

By  J.  W.  CARNEY 

STATE    FISH   AND    GAME    WARDEN 


# 


T 


J.    W.    CARNEY 


«HE  Montana   fish   and  game  commission  presents  this 

biennial  report  covering  a  period  of  two  years,  1933-34, 

feeling    that    despite    general    economic    conditions    and 

those  affecting  Montana's  game  regions,  it  has  made  marked 

progress    and    is   at    least    on    a    par    with    its   neighboring 

western  states. 

It  has  been  no  small  task  to  keep  in  step  with  the 
times  owing  to  the  nation-wide  depression  and  the  drouth. 
Tlie  depailment  has  been  able,  however,  to  keep  its  head 
above  water,  to  go  ahead  when  the  "going  was  tough"  and 
to  emerge  with  a  financially  sound  state  game  depart- 
ment and  a   healthy  condition   in  Montana's  game  life. 

We   were  forced    to   face   immediate   problems,  as  other 

western  states  were  facing  them.    Although  handicapped  by 

a   decrease  in  license  sales  during  the  last  two  years,   the  department  went  on, 

still  keeping  on  a  cash  basis,  and  built  up  defenses  for  general  drouth  attacks 

upon  our  fish,  game  and  birds. 

Streams  were  stocked  with  game  fish  under  the  supervision  of  Kenneth 
MacDonald,  fisheries  superintendent,  and  birds  were  planted  in  all  the  counties 
by  Joe  Hendricks,  supervisor  of  the  state  game  farm.  Montana,  despite  the 
depression,  despite  even  the  conspiracy  of  the  elements,  went  ahead  instead  of 
"keeping  even'  'or  going  backwards.  In  many  of  our  projects  we  were  aided 
substantially  by  the  civil  works  administration  and  the  ftnleral  emergency  relief 
administration,  and  to  these  federal  organizations  we  are  very  grateful. 

The  state  fish  and  game  department  is  a  self-sufficient  organization  and  does 
not  receive  one  cent  of  tax  money.  It  is  supported  solely  and  entirely  by  the 
sportsmen  of  the  state,  through  the  sale  of  licenses,  the  sale  of  confiscated  guns 
and  fi.shing  equipment,  and  by  fines  imposed  for  game  law  violations  in  Montana. 
True,  Montana  has  shown  a  decline  in  receipts  during  the  past  biennium,  but 
we  have  kept  on  a  sound  financial  basis — better  even  than  many  of  our  sister 
states. 

The  commission  maintains  fourteen  fish  hatcheries  in  the  state  of  Montana, 
a  state  game  farm  at  Warm  Springs  that  has  distributed  more  than  20,000  birds 
during  the  last  two  years,  as  well  as  the  wardens  and  personnel  of  the  depart- 
ment. Although  revenues  have  fallen  off  during  the  depression  and  the  dry 
years,  the  state  department  of  fish  and  game  has  gone  ahead,  curtailed  econom- 
ically, but  still  maintained  high  standards  of  efficiency  as  seen  in  the  reports 
of  this  biennial. 

Due  to  the  creation  and  maintenance  of  game  preserves  and  the  destruction 
of  predatory  animals  by  fe<lerul  and  state  trappers,  big  game  in  Montana  is  on 
the  increase.  Although  the  1S>34  season  was  one  of  the  poorest  from  the  standpoint 
of  hunting  conditions,  reiM)rts  received  by  the  department  show  a  substantial  deer 
kill  and  the  elk  kill,  although  smaller  than  formerly,  stands  out  as  exceptional 
considering  the  mild  weather  and  lack  of  snow. 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


During  the  season  of  1033  the  department  paid  bounty  on  91  mountain  lions. 
The  fish  and  game  commission  pays  a  bounty  of  $25  for  each  lion  liilled  within 
the  state.  These  animals  are  great  enemies  of  wild  life  as  well  as  domestic  stock, 
and  the  commission  feels  that  the  payment  of  the  bounty  is  small,  indeed,  to  the 
return  to  the  sportsmen  of  the  state. 

It  is  hard  to  speali  definitely  of  pi-ogress — although  the  commission  has 
been  assured  that  progress  has  been  made,  considering  the  critical  period  that 
the  department  has  passed  through  with  colors  flying  and  increasing  support 
from  the  sportsmen  of  the  state.  The  commission  has  carried  on  its  work — and 
this  is  outstanding — it  has  stayed  within  its  income.  There  have  been  curtail- 
ments in  all  departments,  but  the  loyal  support  and  cooperation  of  all  sportsmen 
in  Montana  has  been  most  gratifying. 

Montana  is  rapidly  coming  to  the  forefront  as  a  sportsmen's  paradise,  not 
only  for  those  in  Montana  but  for  those  in  other  states — east,  west,  north  and 
south.  License  returns  for  this  year  show  a  great  number  of  outsiders  coming 
to  Montana  in  quest  of  big  game — the  chance  to  hunt  through  this  mai-velous 
oountrj' — its  natural  parks  as  great  as  its  national  ones.  Credit  must  be  given 
to  the  highway  commission  for  its  program  of  better  roads,  to  the  forestery 
service,  and  to  other  agencies  bringing  about  a   "Montana   Game   Revival". 

A  perusal  of  the  reports  of  the  biennial  show  progress.  This,  coupled  with 
the  knowledge  that  Montana  sportsmen  are  behind  the  Montana  fish  and  game 
commission  and  are  ready  to  cooperate  to  the  fullest  degree,  leads  me  to  say 
that  the  future  of  the  Montana  fish  and  game  department  looks  brighter. 


STOPPING  ON  THE  WAY  SOUTH 


tiSf^^ 


With    government   aid,    it   is    hoped    that    many    of    the    sloughs    and   lakes    in    Montana 

may    once    again    be    the    nesting    grounds    for    migratory    birds    and    the 

real   days    of    the    "flight"    will    live   again. 


10  MONTANA    STATE    FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


@ 


MIGRATORY  BIRD  PROBLEMS 

By  KENNETH  F.  ROAHEN 

U.    S.    GAME    MANAGEMENT    AGENT 
Montana.    Wyoming,    Idaho    District 


^ 


Duck  and  goose  shooting  conditions  in  Montana  for  the  1934  season  have 
been  anything  but  pleasing  to  the  sportsmen. 

During  September  and  the  early  part  of  October,  a  numl)er  of  the  principal 
duck  centers,  such  as  Hebgen  lake,  Madison  lake,  and  Red  Rock  lakes,  carried 
an  apparent  concentration  far  beyond  the  usual  number  of  birds,  this  condition 
evidently  being  caused  by  the  shortage  of  water  areas  in  the  Dakotas  and  other 
adjoining  territories. 

Shortly  after  the  shooting  season  opened,  the  liirds,  except  for  short 
inten'als,  apparently  left  the  district  and  the  general  average  for  tlic  .season 
was  a  lower  percentage  tliaii  hist  year,  that  is,  covering  the  entire  state. 

Apparently  the  Flathead  district  was  the  favored  location  this  year,  as 
perhaps  more  ducks  and  gee.se  were  seen  in  that  section  than  in  any  other  part 
of  the  state. 

Bowdoin  lake,  which  is  usually  the  hunters'  paradise,  this  year  offered 
very   ix)or  shooting  in   comparison   with   former   years. 

Warm  weather  conditions,  which  prevailed  throughout  October  and  the  early 
part  of  November,  preventel  hunters  from  obtaining  much  shooting,  but  on  the 
other  liand  these  conditions  greatly  favored  the  birds. 

(»wing  to  the  .scarcity  of  ducks  and  ixior  shooting  conditions,  a  ntuuber  of 
tlu'  large  duck  clubs  did  not  open  their  clubhouses  during  the  .sejison. 

It  is  estimated  that  85  per  cent  of  the  ducks  and  gee.se  that  migrate  along 
the  Ignited  States  flyways  are  raised  on  Canadian  and  Alaskan  breeding 
grounds,  and  the  outlook  is  dark  now  because  these  breeding  grounds  have  mil 
Itecn  occupied  this  season  to  anywhere  near  th(>ir  capacity.  Estimates  made 
l)y  observers  ranged  from  7(t  per  cent  normal  in  sonu>  areas  to  as  low  as  \0  per 
cent  in  others. 

In  our  country  it  is  estimated  that  more  than  17.000,000  acres  of  land,  once 
marsh  or  lake,  have  now  been  drained  in  the  north  central  states  alone,  largely 
to  the  detriment  of  both  game  and  man.  and  the  effects  of  this  unwi.se  drainage 
have  been  felt  in  Montana  as  elsewhere. 

Several  pruijo.^'d  bird  refugees  for  Montana  hav(>  now  been  examined  for  food 
values  and  water  supply,  and  it  is  hoped  that  some  of  lhe.se  projects  will  reach 
an  early  completion. 

In  llie  imsl  few  years,  it  has  been  claimed  Iiy  siK)rtsnieii  that  the  oiH'U 
.shooting  season  under  the  federal  reiiulat  inns  did  not  prescribe  the  |ii-o]mt  (l:ite-< 
for  sho()ting.  This  year,  a  new  sy.steni  Wiis  adopted.  Although  the  actual  nundier 
of  shooting  days  was  reduced  from  (iO  to  :!0.  the  .state  game  comnii.ssion  of  each 
state  was  given  tlie  riglit  to  specify  just  how  the  sea.son  should  be  divided  to 
suit  best  the  needs  of  their  local  districts. 

It  was  their  privilege  to  say  wluMher  the  .M-Jison  .><honl(l  be  .'{0  consecutive  days, 
or  six  weeks  of  five  days,  or  10  weeks  of  three  days,  or  15  windis  of  two  days  each 
week.  The  Montana  game  commission  selected  10  weeks  of  three  days  each.  This 
exiK-rinient  was  tried  in  order  to  a.scertain  whether  rest  days  would  be  of  value  to 
the  bird.s,  and  at  the  .same  time  to  give  the  sportsmen  as  lilM-ral  shooting  as  possible. 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME   COMMISSION 


11 


^- 


THE  SUN  RIVER  ELK  HERD 

By  BRUCE  NEAL 
DEPUTY    STATE    GAME    WARDEN 


=  # 


The  state  game  department  has  done  remarkable  work  in  controlling  the 
migration  of  elk  in  the  mnch-talked-about  Sun  River  country,  particularly  in 
the  last  biennium  when  camps  were  established  to  drive  the  herds  into  proper 
range  and  to  protect  the  farm  lands  in  the  valley. 

As  an  initial  move  the  department  closed  to  hunting  all  the  drainage  of  the 
North  Fork  of  Sun  river  lying  in  Teton  county.  These  regulations  allowed  a 
great  number  of  elk  to  cross  over  into  that  area  and  to  winter  there.  The  area 
was  an  old  winter  range  for  elk  and  it  was  not  until  1925  that  the  elk  drifted 
from  it. 

The  building  of  the  big  storage  dam  in  the  canyon  resulted  in  the  hunters 
forming  a  "firing  line"  on  the  North  Fork  along  the  Teton  side  and  forced 
the  elk  to  change  their  migration  to  other  ranges.  In  December,  1933,  but 
further  south,  a  man  was  employed  to  herd  the  elk  back  from  the  ranches. 
As  there  was  no  feed  left  on  the  forest  ranges,  the  elk  started  to  come  out  in 
late   December,   many   locating  in   the   foothills. 


Cow  Elk  Dies  Trapped  in  Barbed  Wire 


A  short  distance  away   the   baby   calf  was   found   waiting.     Hidden   strands   of  wire   in 

the  undergrowth   surrounding   the   forest   on   Ford    Creek   proved   fatal   to   this 

cow  elk.    The  dead  elk  was  found  one  mile  below  Carl  Fender's  dude  ranch. 


12 


MONTANA   STATE    FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


As  winter  ranges  were  in  poor  condition,  chiefly  tlirough  over-grazing  of 
domestic  stock,  elk  wore  forced  on  ]irivatc  property.  We  received  a  drift  from 
tlie  Dearborn  country  and  from  those  ranges  south  of  Ford  creek  to  Lewis  and 
Clark  pass  that  had  been  "grazed  off. 

In  January,  1934,  we  established  a  camp  of  four  men  and  moved  the  elk 
north — mostly  across  Sun  river.  We  were  able  to  move  these  elk  and  handle 
them  without  much  difficulty.  By  moving  cattle  and  sheep  farther  back  in 
the  national  forest,  adequate  winter  range  would  be  provided  and  oik  would 
not  be  forced  outside  on  private  land. 

From  what  we  have  seen  of  the  range  during  the  fall  and  early  winter  of 
1934,  there  is  .sufficient  feed  on  the  North  Fork  of  Sun  river  and  also  on  the 
West  Fork.  The  manner  in  which  the  elk  are  drifting  indicates  that  there  will 
not  be  much  of  a  migration  outside,  except  from  the  Dearlx)rn  countiT-  We 
believe  that  we  can  drift  those  north  by  continuing  our  control  work — an  admitted 
success. 

In  1932,  562  elk  were  killed  in  the  Sun  River  drainage  and  enough  were  taken 
out  of  the  Teton  to  make  a  total  kill  of  700  head.  The  kill  for  19.33  in  the  Sun 
river  drainage  was  138  head  and  27  were  taken  out  of  the  Teton,  making  the 
aggregate  kill  for  the  year  about  165  head.  Because  of  mild  weather,  the  elk 
did  not  come  down  until  after  the  season  was  over.  The  kill  in  1934  in  the  Sun 
river  drainage  amounted  to  160  head  and  about  20  were  taken  from  the  Teton.  A 
very  mild  winter  and  a  lack  of  snow  kept  the  kill  light.  A  large  number  of 
tho.se  killed  were  shot  south  of  Ford  creek  and  Smith  creek,  many  being  forced 
outside  by  range  conditions  in  the  Dearborn  counti-j'- 

The  elk  count  made  by  our  party  in  19.33  was  2,.$98.  This  was  made  in 
March    of   that   year.      We    took    a    heavy    loss   after    the   count    as   the   elk    were 

poor  and  weak,  dying  heavily  after 
green  grass  came.  My  count  in  April. 
19.34,  was  1.9S1.  Wo  have  had  a  good 
calf  crop  this  year  but  I  do  not  be- 
lieve there  are  more  than  2.."i00  head 
in    I  lie  entire   territory. 


This    cow    elk    in    the    Sun    River    country 

believes    in    a   morning   bath    along 

with  a  drink. 


Note:  Bruce  \eal  has  lived  in  the 
Sun  river  country  for  27  years  and  is 
con.sidered  the  best  informed  of  any 
man  in  ^Montana  on  the  elk  .situation 
in  lh;it  territory.  His  chiefs  .say: 
"He's  been  over  the  whole  country 
barefooted".  During  the  patrol  in  early 
lii.'M.  he  kept  a  <laily  diary  of  his 
\vorl<.  The  item  below  tells  only  a 
small   jiart  of  the  Sun   river  story: 

".laiuiary  27,  1931 — Up  before  day- 
liglil.  Tom  look  nie  n]^  behind  Heinle 
Brookliaits.  1  cliinlx'd  on  top  of  Mo- 
Tarty  hill.  -Nixon  rod«'  on  the  lower 
rim.  Frank  half  a  mile  lower  down 
and  Tom  on  the  outer  edge.  We  started 
the  big  drive. 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION  13 

"I  followed  Lime  ridge  over  the  top,  picking  up  small  buuches.  We  cow- 
bellied  them,  the  boys  below  making  considerable  racket.  We  moved  the  entire 
buch  north.  On  lea\ang  the  head  of  Lime  I'eef  we  could  see  the  had  of  the 
hej'd  coming  through  the  pass  far  below  on  Out  Rock  basin. 

"Looking  down  from  the  head  of  Lime  gulch  I  could  see  long  files  of  elk 
trailing  out  through  the  pass  into  the  green  timber  headed  for  Beaver  creek. 
This  was  part  of  the  herd  I  spilled  on  McCarty  hill  at  daybreak.  I  had  close 
to  100  head  in  front  of  me  on  Lime  reef.  These  broke  down  on  the  end  and 
through  the  narrow  pass  into  Cut  Rock  basin  before  the  bunch  the  other  boys 
were  bringing  through  under  the  foothills. 

"I  ran  all  the  way  from  the  top  of  the  mountain  down  to  the  pass,  climbed 
high  up  on  the  north  side  of  the  pass  and  just  made  it  in  time  to  head  the  lead 
back  towards  the  gulch.  It  was  wonderful  sight  to  see  those  elk,  about  400 
head  I  would  judge,  strung  out  in  long  files,  each  bunch  with  its  leaders.  The 
whole  basin  was  covered  with  them.  We  gave  them  plenty  of  time  to  settle 
aown,  then  edged  in  slowly.  They  scattered  some  but  the  main  bunch  broke 
down  through   Holme's   gulch     *     *     *      » 


"THOSE  ANTELOPE" 

By  W.  P.   SULLLIVAN 

CHAIRMAN,    STATE    FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 

Reports  from  reliable  sources  indicate  some  increase  in  the  number  of 
antelope  in  isolated  bands  throughout  the  state.  The  herd  on  the  Sullivan 
game  preserve  near  Square  Butte  has  increased  normally  in  the  last  two  years. 

Excessive  heat,  drought,  grasshoppers  and  a  consequent  low  stage  of  stock 
water,  forced  the  removal  of  all  domestic  stock  from  the  preserve  in  mid-July. 
About  the  first  of  August  the  antelope  herd  began  to  break  up  into  small  bands 
and  migrate.  They  scattered  over  southern  Choteau,  northern  Fergus  and  Judith 
Basin  counties. 

It  was  with  deep  apprehension  concerning  the  future  of  these  antelope  that 
we  discovered  only  a  few  remaining  on  the  preserve  on  September  10.  We  had 
a  five-day  rainstorm,  accompanied  by  snow,  in  late  September,  followed  by  a 
r)eriod  of  warm,  spring-like  weather.  On  October  6,  I  made  an  all-day  ride 
through  tne  presei*\'e  and  was  delighted  at  the  view  from  every  hill  crest.  The 
antelope  had  returned  home !  Grasshoppers  had  disappeared,  water  was  revived 
in  springs  and  reservoirs  and  new  grass  had  turned  hills  and  valleys  green. 
I  spent  the  entire  day  in  the  hills  and  counted  812  antelope  within  the  enclosure. 

On  November  15,  I  made  a  careful  survey  of  the  winter  feed  situation  on 
the  preserve.  There  are  about  four  sections  of  good  winter  feed  in  the  rough 
interior  of  the  preserve  that  escaped  destruction  by  hoppers.  Should  we  have 
another  mild  winter,  this  feed  will  be  ample,  with  four-fifths  of  the  preserve 
reduced  to  the  status  of  a  desert.  I  feel  that  hay  will  have  to  be  provided  if  a 
considerable  loss  is  to  be  avoided. 


14 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND    GAME   COMMISSION 


Some  of  the  best  wheat  producing  lands  in  Montana  are  adjacent  to  this 
preserve  on  the  north  and  east.  An  ordinary  four  or  five  barbed  wire  stock 
fence  will  not  confine  antelope  in  a  field  or  pastui-e.  They  find  a  slight  depression 
under  the  wire  and  establish  a  run-way  there,  always  going  under  a  wire  fence 
when  not  forced  or  frightened.  They  graze  out  over  the  wheat  fields  in  bands  of 
from   10  to  200. 

I  desire  to  say  a  word  of  praise  and  commendation  of  my  good  neighbors 
for  their  patience  and  sportsmanship.  They  have  shared  without  complaint  part 
of  the  cost  of  the  maintenance  of  these  antelope  and  I  deeply  appreciate  their 
attitude. 

Last  May  I  stopped  at  a  farm  bordering  the  preserve.  About  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  distant  were  about  150  antelope  grazing  on  a  nice,  green  wheat  field.  My 
neighbor  .said:  "Beautiful  sight".  1  replied:  '•Yes,  Jim;  but  I  don't  believe  they 
are  doing  much  damage   to  the   wheat,  are  they?" 

"No,   not  much,"   he  said;  "but   I'll  be  d ed  if  1   believe  they  are  doing  it 

much  good,  either." 


GAME  LAW  VIOLATIONS 

By   T.    O.    PEASLEY 

ASSISTANT   STATE   GAME  WARDEN 


Despite  the  fact  that  the  last  two  years  have  been  serious  ones  from  the 
standpoint  of  law  enforcement,  considering  the  financial  condition  of  many  of 
tlie  people  of  the  state,  the  department  has  been  able,  through  rigid  patrol  by 
its:  deputies,  to  keep  game  law  violations  at  a  minimum,  and  to  show  a  marked 
reduction  over  former  years. 

The  peak  of  Inw  violation  was  reached  in  lOHO  when  514  arrests  were  made. 
There  has  been  a  decrease  from  that  year,  and  the  last  biennium  showed  that 
sportsmen    in    the    state,    or    those    in    quest    of    wild    game,    are    l>ecoming    more 

game-minded  and  are  taking  the  laws  of  the  state  more  seriously. 
In  the  fi.scal  year  ending  June  oO.  VXVA,  there  were  468 
arre.sts  made  in  Montana  and  in  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
.">0,  i;>;>4,  only  'Ml  violators  were  placed  under  arrest.  With 
many  people  on  relief  rolls  and  others  striving  to  better  their 
larders  by  violating  the  game  laws,  the  state  deimrtment 
believes  that  it  has  kept  violations  down  to  a  minimum. 

Leading  the  list  of  violations  were  those  arrested  for 
hunting  and  fishing  without  licenses  and  those  apprehended 
for  killing  wild  game  and  birtls  out  of  season.  During  11)3^ 
there  were  122  arrests  for  fishing  without  a  license,  34  for 
liunting  without  a  license.  47  for  killing  deer  out  of  season, 
and  ;;o  for  fishing  in  closed  streams.  Although  violations 
were  considt-rably  lower  in  1!K54,  the  sjime  ratio  held  true  to 
tlie   particular   forms   of  violations. 

Of  particular  interest  to  tho.se  who  love  fishing  and  love 
to  al>i<l('  by  the  "rules  of  the  game,"  is  is  interesting  to  note 
tliat  during  the  entire  biennium  only  eight  were  arrested  for 
catching  over  the  limit  and  .34  for  catching  more  than  five 
fish  umlor  .seven  inches  in  length. 


Sniff! 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME    COMMISSION 


la 


With  limited  funds  at  its  disposal,  the  game  department  has  striven  to 
cover  90,000,000  acres  or  140,997  square  miles  within  Montana's  border.  Hindered 
by  a  legal  controversy,  which  at  times  tended  to  undermine  the  spirit  of  the 
department,  it  went  ahead  with  its  activities,  and  is  proud  of  its  efforts  in 
protecting  game  life  in  the  state  from  those  who  would  destroy  it. 

With  50  game  law  violations,  Deer  Lodge  county  heads  the  list  for  arrests 
in  1933,  and  still  retained  its  place  in  1934  with  39  arrests.  During  the  biennium 
Carter,  Daniels,  Garfield,  Liberty,  McCone,  Powder  River,  Teton,  Treasure  and 
Wibaux  counties  emerged  with  a  clean  slate. 

The  following  shows  the  record  of  arrests  for  violations  of  the  fish  and 
game  laws  during  the  last  22  years : 


1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 
1920 
1921 
1922 
1923 


49 
123 
237 
156 
171 
219 

60 
116 
278 
336 
403 


1924 
1925 
1926 
1927 
1928 
1929 
1930 
1931 
1932 
1933 
1934 


328 
482 
366 
345 
407 
341 
514 
455 
458 
468 
347 


WONDER  ABOUT  THE  BUCK  EAW? 


\  *.  \  - 


/Ov    < 


Killing   does    in    Gallatin    County 


16 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


GOOD  HUNTING— GOOD  REARING 

By  J.  F.  HENDRICKS 

SUPERINTENDENT,    STATE    GAME   FARM 


& 


WITH    tlio    help    of    the    Civil    Worlis    Administration 
and  the  Federal  Emergency  Relief  association,  groat 
improvement  and  repair  work  has  been  done  during 
the  last  biennium  at  the  state  game  farm.    In  addition  to 
improvements   on    the   general    grounds,    several    quail   pens 
have  been  constructed  so  that  in  the  near 
future    this    sporty    bird    will    be    reared 
and    raised    from    the    farm    in    greater 
numbers    than    in    the   past. 

We    liberated   more   than   20,000   birds 
during    IIKW   and    1934,   and   as   a    result.  'I 

have  had  the  best  hunting  this  fall  than 
ever  in  the  State  of  Montana,  accord- 
ing to  the  reports  that  I  have  received  from  siiortsmen 
over  the  state.  From  ammunition  and  sporting  goods 
dealers  corner  the  word  that  they  have  enjoyed  the  best 
business  in  many  years.  That  means  that  the  service 
stations,  the  garages,  and  other  business  houses  have 
derived  considerable  benefit  from  the  sportsmen  during 
the  open  season  this  year.  It  was  inevitable  that  busi- 
ness would  lie  aided — and  it  .speaks  well  for  the  state 
game  farm. 

Last  summer  we  tried  out  the  grasshopper  and  gopher 
poisoning  on  the  pheasants.  We  gave  it  a  very  good 
test  by  placing  one  pair  of  pheasants  in  a  small  pen 
and  spreading  the  poison  on  th(>  ground.  The  birds 
would  not  eat  it.  We  did  not  give  them  anything  else 
for  four  days  and  still  the  birds  refused  to  touch  it. 
On  the  fourth  day.  we  mixed  some  wheat  with  the  poison. 
The    birds    carefully    picked    out    the    wheat    and    let    the 

poison  remain  untouched.  We  left  the  birds  in  the  pen  for  four  weeks  and  did 
not  lose  a  bird.  We  feel  certain  the  sportsmen  will  feel  better  towards  the 
farmer  for  trying  to  save  his  crops  by  grasshopper  and  rodent  poisoning.  The 
farmer  has  no  intention  of  harming  the  birds. 

I  wish  to  say  a  few  words  in  connection  with  the  "no  hunting  or  trespassing" 
signs  that  are  numerous  in  our  hunting  regions.  In  most  of  the  investigations 
I  have  made,  I  have  found  that  nine  times  out  of  ten  the  hunter  has  been  the 
cause — and  no  other.  The  careless  luniter  will  enter  a  place  without  regard 
to  property,  leaving  the  gates  oik>ii.  and  snnit'timcs  cutting  tlie  fence.  Without 
taking  time  to  .see  what  is  moving — a  calf,  hog,  or  even  cow — will  shoot,  hoping 
it  is  a  cock  Chinese  pheasant. 


MONTANA    STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


17 


I  tliiuk  it  is  the  dr.;y  of  tlie  sportsman  to  drive  up  to  the  farmer's  home 
and  ask  permission  to  fi<h  or  hunt.  Usually  he  will  gladly  grant  the  permis- 
sion. After  all,  the  farmer  raises  the  liirds  and  he  is  entitled  to  some  considera- 
tion. It  is  the  duty  of  all  sportsmen  to  preach  this  gospel — respect  the  property 
of  others. 

If  we  do  not,  we  will  soon  find  conditions  in  Montana  the  same  as  they 
are  in  the  eastern  states  where  hunters  have  to  pay  a  certain  fee  for  the  right  to 
hunt.  I  am  certain  we  do  not  want  that  sort  of  a  situation  in  Montana.  In  the 
state  of  Wisconsin  hunters  pay  $3.00  for  a  pheasant.  How  many  of  us  could 
afford  such  a  sport?  Remember  the  property  owner  and  help  him — he  will  help 
us  and  be  our  friend. 

There  have  been  numerous  complaints  concerning  the  bag  limit  of  three 
cock  Chinese  pheasants  and  no  hens.  The  foes  of  the  present  system  tell  of 
shooting  hens  by  mistake.  Any  person  who  shoots  a  hen  for  a  cock  is  a 
'mistake". 

I  do  not  think  there  is  a  chance  for  a  mistake.  The  trouble  is  that  some 
hunters  are  over-anxious  and  do  not  take  time  to  look.  All  they  think  of  is 
shooting  when  they  hear  the  explosion   of  a  covey,  the  whir  of  wings,  and  the 

shooting  when  they  hear  the  explosion  of 
a  covey,  the  whir  of  wings,  and  the  sight 
of  birds  darting  into  the  sky  before  them. 
There  is  as  much  difference  as  a  woman 
and   a    man   on    the   street. 

If  the  game  commission  would  change 
the  bag  limit  to  two  cocks  and  one  hen, 
every  hunter  in  the  fields  would  shoot  at 
the  first  bird  in  the  air,  feeling  that  the 
law  was  being  obeyed.  The  same  situation 
would  embrace  the  entire  hunting  season. 
On  the  second  shot — who  knows  what  will 
happen?  There  would  be  a  flagrant  abuse 
of  the  law.  Hens  would  be  slaughtered  on 
the  impulse  of  the  first  shot — or  the  second 
— or   the   third. 

Let  us  save  the  hens  for  a  few  years, 
as  they  are  the  foundation  of  this  wonder- 
ful sport.  When  the  time  comes  that  we 
have  too  many  birds,  I  am  certain  the 
commission  will  grant  you  a  longer  season, 
and   I   will   help   in    its   advocation. 

Always  remember,  you  will  have  a  good 
number  of  cocks  and  still  have  plenty  for 
I)reeding   purposes. 

I  know  they  can  hide  and  protect  them- 
selves when  the  hunting  season  is  on — we 
have  instructed  them  in  taking  care  of 
themselves    before    leaving    the    farm. 


The  Hungarian   pheasant,  one   of 

Montana's    sportiest    game    birds, 

ready  to  "explode"  on  a  second's 

notice. 


18 


MONTANA    STATE    FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


A  NEW  PARADISE 

By    W.    C.    KEIL 
MEMBER,    STATE    FISH   AND   GAME    COMMISSION 


r 


W.   C.   KEIL 


'N   1935,    the    new    Red    TiOdge-Cooke   City    road    to   Yellow- 
stone   National    Park    will   be   formally   opened,    and   with 
its   openinj;   one   of   the    most    scenic   regions   in    Montana 
will   be   made  accessilile   to    the   tourist,    the   fisherman,   the 
liunter.     Hundreds   of    sparkling    streams   and    hidden    lakes 
will  be  exposed — a  new  paradise  for  Montana   sportsmen. 

This  road  reaches  an  altitude  of  more  than  10.000  feet 
where  it  crosses  the  Beartooth  plateau.  Many  lakes  can 
be  counted  while  driving  along  this  highway  and  the  scenery 
has  no  comparison.  Work  of  biiilding  up  this  primitive  area 
so  that  it  will  provide  excellent  fishing,  even  in  the  re- 
gions of  the  glacial  lakes,  has  already  been  started  by  the 
state  fish  and  game  department.  Fish  were  stocked  in 
many  of  the  lakes  this  year — the  fingerlings  being  taken 
horse  pack  over  the  rugged  mountains  and  to  the  lakes  shimmering  beneath  high 
snow-ix>aked    mountains. 

With  its  great  scenic  value,  its  primitive  and  rugged  characteristics,  the 
flowing  streams  abounding  with  fish,  and  the  magic  lakes  hidden  in  the  moun- 
tains, this  territory  will  mean  much  in  increasing  tourist  travel  to  Montana — 
an  industry  for  years  undervaluated  but  of  groat  importance  in  placing  the  state 
in   its   proper  place  in    the   recreational    map. 

The  area  that  the  n(>w  highway  will  open  is  southwest  of  Billings,  in  ilscll' 
a  great  fishing  territory,  ;in(l  destined  to  liecome  an  idc.il  vararion  land.  Close  to 
the  B<>artooths — through  whicli  the  Bed  Lodge-Cooke  City  highway  travels — are  the 
Absarokas  and  Sho.shones,  a  wilderness  of  towering  peaks  and  A'irgin  forests. 
In  tins  area,  is  Montana's  new  paradise — both  from  the  viewpoint  of  scenic 
wonder  and  the  possibilities  for  wild  life.  It  is  a  region  which  those  who  have 
scaled  the  Alps  declare  is  paid  no  complinieiit  when  called  '"The  Switzerland  of 
America". 

Within  this  area  are  25  peaks  over  112,IK)0  feet  high,  among  them  Granite 
peak,  highe.st  mountain  in  Montana,  .'iltitude  12.f>no  feet  and  scaled  for  the  first 
time  In  102.S,  and  Silver  Hun.  second  highest  ;  hundreds  of  lakes,  several  of 
considerable  size;  innumerable  streams  and  waterfalls,  endless  miles  of  foot  and 
.saddle  trails,  and  in.iiiy  vantag*-  points  from  which  may  be  seen  never-to-be- 
forgotten  panoramas  of  peak  and  plain. 

For  the  most  part  tliis  mountain  area  is  still  a  primitive  wilderness,  peopled 
only  i)y  the  animals,  birds  and  fish  that  have  .seen  few  hunters  or  fishermen 
since  the  days  of  the  Indian.  Excellent  fishing  is  in  store  for  those  who  wish 
to  cast  a  dancing  fly  over  the  surfaces  of  .some  of  its  streams.  In  the  streams 
and  lakes  is  to  be  found  rainbow.  Loch  Leven,  eastern  brook  and  native  trout 


MONTANA   STATE    FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


19 


A  visit  to  Yellowstone  National  Park,  one  of  the  pleasures  which  millions 
of  people  have  had  and  almost  everyone  would  like  some  time  to  enjoy,  will 
this  year  offer  additional  thrills  with  the  opening  of  the  new  highway.  The 
highway  lessens  the  distance  to  the  park  by  approximately  50  miles,  making  it 
an  easy  four-hour  drive  from  Billings.  From  Billings  to  Red  Lodge  it  is  a 
distance  of  60  miles,  over  an  oiled  state  road  and  through  the  "Gateway  to  the 
Beartooths". 


From    Montana    waters 


I-eaving  Red  Lodge  it  goes  past  the  fur  farms  and  zoo,  by  Rock  Creek 
valley,  about  four  miles  being  national  forest  highway.  Then,  as  the  govern- 
ment-built road,  60  miles  long,  starts  its  trip  through  the  colorful  mountains,  a 
new  region,  unique  in  its  primitive  appeal,  comes  into  A'iew.  From  6,000  feet  it 
rises  to  Beartooth  plateau,  11,000  feet  above  the  sea,  then  goes  over  the  "top  of  the 
world,"  past  lakes,  across  the  end  of  Beartooth,  largest  lake  in  the  region, 
on  to  Cooke  City,  center  of  a  rich  mineral  area  and  to  the  park  but  four  miles 
beyond. 


THE  FEDERAL  "BAG" 


What  is  coming  out  of  the  grab  bag  is  always  a  mystery,  but  when  the 
Biological  Survey  Agents  grabbed  the  whole  bag  of  three  hunters,  they  found 
plenty  cause  for  excitement.  One  look  was  enough,  for  the  three  men  had  86 
ducks  in  their  possession,  including  45  bluebills,  39  canvasbacks.  and  two  red- 
heads. This  took  place  in  Maryland,  which  is  the  northernmost  state  of  the 
south  Atlantic  district.  When  federal  agents  get  you,  they  may  leave  your 
pants,  but  these  three  hunters  not  only  lost  their  kill,  but  their  guns,  hunting 
coats,  jackets,  licenses,  and  duck  stamps.  Quite  a  grab,  but  it  probably  was 
not  a  blind  one. 


20 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


® 


MONTANA'S   FISH   FUTURE 

By  KENNETH  F.  MacDONALD 

STATE    SUPERINTENDENT    OF    FISHERIES 


e- 


•& 


THE  bicnnium  covered  by  this  report  marks  a  most  active  period  in  fisheries 
work.  The  major  activities  were  confined  to  improving  the  physical  plants, 
rearing  ponds  at  the  hatcheries  and  the  hatchery  grounds.  While  the 
department  revenue,  available  for  this  work,  was  in  it.self  inadequate,  it  was 
possible  through  the  opportunity  created  by  the  Civil  Works  Administration  to 
undertake  a  heavy  program  and  we  are  appreciative  of  the  whole-hearted  coopera- 
tion of  the  Federal,  State  and  County  officials  administering  that  program  in 
Montana. 

With  the  economic  conditions  of  the  country  bringing  to  light  the  necessity 
of  planning  for  the  future,  it  is  most  gratifying  to  know  that  those  interested 
in  the  planning  programs  are  taking  full  cognizance  of  the  important  part  fish- 
ing plays  in  the  economic  and  recreational  structure  of  the  state.  With  such 
consideration  given  this  valuable  natural  resource,  the  future  looks  most  promising. 
In  order  to  develop  and  maintain  fishing  on  a  satisfactory  level,  it  will 
require  a  broadening  of  the  scope  of  activities,  generally  considered  as  sufficient 


THOUSANDS  ARE  SAVED 


This    new    type    of    fish    trucli    is    now    being    used    by    the    state    fisheries 

division.     With   this   apparatus   for  aeration,    fish   are    taken    many 

miles    for    planting,    without    loss. 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION  21 

to  perpetuate  fishing.  Tliis  scope  has  been  broadened  considerably  during  the 
past  10  years  witli  results  showing  the  value  and  necessity  of  instituting  a 
program  of  even  greater  range.  Fish  culture,  as  practiced,  is  not  sufficient  to 
maintain  fishing  on  account  of  closely  related  factors,  apart  from  fish  cultural 
activities,  such  as  water  conservation,  water  uses,  irrigation  ditcli  losses, 
pollution  and  stream  improvement  which  must  be  given  consideration  in  order  to 
obtain  best  results.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  is  danger  of  developing 
one  or  more  of  these  factors  at  the  expense  of  another  of  equal  or  greater 
importance. 

Rather  than  endeavor  to  broaden  the  scope  of  activities  to  include  the  related 
factors  at  the  expense  of  the  hatchery  operation,  means  should  be  made  avail- 
able to  finance  this  work  independent  of  the  amount  necessary  for  hatcheiy 
operations.  If  not,  there  is  grave  danger  of  the  available  revenue  being  pro- 
rated to  the  extent  that  no  phase  will  be  properly  developed.  With  the  depart- 
ment rcA'enue  returning  to  the  1928  and  1929  level,  much  of  this  work  could  be 
undertaken  but  it  is  not  possible  with  present  revenue.  If  more  thought  would 
be  given  to  the  importance  of  developing  this  natural  resource,  more  revenue 
would  be  provided,  by,  not  only  sportsmen,  but,  by  everyone  interested  in  Mon- 
tana's welfare. 

Egg  Collections 

Montana  is  in  an  enviable  position  in  having  such  valuable  spawning  fields 
which  .supply  the  game  fish  eggs  for  the  hatcheries.  Georgetown,  second  to 
none,  showed  a  decrease  in  1933  due  to  overfishing  by  anglers  out  of  employ- 
ment at  Butte,  Anaconda  and  Philipsburg  and  to  the  extreme  low  water  in  the 
Flint  creek  drainage.  It  is  a  most  difficult  problem  to  exercise  proper  control 
over  the  fish  population  in  Georgetown  lake  for  the  reason  there  are  numerous 
spanning  areas  in  the  lake  where  large  numbers  of  trout  spawn  under  natui-al 
conditions.  During  normal  years  with  Flint  creek  carrying  its  average  flow 
a  larger  percentage  of  spawners,  attracted  by  the  current  into  the  lake,  migrate 
up-stream  and  are  taken  in  the  traps,  while  during  years  of  extreme  drought 
a  larger  percentage  spawn  on  the  beds  in  the  lake. 

Thus,  it  is  not  possible  to  use  the  total  eggs  collected  in  any  one  season  as 
a  guide  for  restocking,  but  consideration  must  be  given  to  all  factors  having  a 
bearing  upon  the  reproduction.  There  is  danger  of  over-stocking  a  lake  such  as 
Georgetown  and,  in  fact,  it  has  shown  indications  several  times  of  being  over- 
ix)pulated.  This  lake  is  one  of  the  department's  most  valuable  assets.  The 
egg  collection  the  spring  of  1934  showed  a  decided  improvement  and  with  return 
of  normal  weather  conditions  it  is  exjiected  the  egg  take  will  again  approximate 
that   of   the   banner   years. 

A  matter  of  grave  concern  is  the  presence  of  the  common  suckers  in  George- 
town. These  fish  were  never  present  until  1926  when  literally  thousands  of  their 
fry  were  found  in  the  creek  which  connects  Silver  and  Georgetown  lakes.  It 
was  not  possible  to  remove  them,  on  account  of  their  size,  until  1933  when  48 
tons  weie  removed  by  "plant  nets"  .set  in  the  lake.  The  spring  of  1934,  74  tons, 
by  actual  measurement,  were  removed  and  it  is  planned  to  continue  this  work 
in  order  to  retain  favorable  conditions  for  trout. 

To  further  secure  the  supply  of  native  cutthroat  eggs,  plans  were  made  to 
develop  Ashley  lake  in  the  Kalispell  district.  To  ascertain  the  number  and 
qualitj   of  eggs  available  in  1932,  traps  were  installed  and  295,000  eggs  collected. 


22  MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


No  attempt  was  made  to  collect  eggs  in  1933  but  the  spring  of  1934  the  station 
was  again  opened  and  940,900  eggs  taken,  rormauent  traps  are  being  installed, 
the  old  hatchery  and  dwelling  are  being  repaired  and  it  is  planned  to  oi^erate 
this  station  each  spring  and  develop  the  field  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

With  the  increased  demand  for  loch  leven  in  the  Missouri  and  Yellowstone 
rivers,  the  need  for  a  loch  leven  spawning  station  became  apparent  in  1930. 
Plans  were  laid  for  the  development  of  a  rainbow  and  loch  leven  spawning 
field  at  Hebgen  lake  and  substantial  plantings  of  fingerlings  were  made  begin- 
ning in  1931.  Traps  were  installed  in  Duck  creek.  South  Fork  of  the  Madison 
and  in  the  main  Madison  river  during  the  fall  of  1933  and  a  total  of  4,804.000 
loch  leven  eggs  collected.  Using  the  same  traps,  in  the  spring  of  1934  more  than 
5,000  000  rainbow  eggs  were  taken.  Permanent  traps  are  now  being  installed 
and  buildings  erected  for  living  quarters  for  the  personnel.  This  promises  to 
be  one  of  our  major  stations. 

In  order  to  obtain  information  incidental  to  the  operation  of  the  Hebgen 
lake  stations,  two  hundred  loch  leven  and  rainbow  trout  were  tagged,  when 
taken  in  the  trap,  on  the  left  gill  cover  and  it  would  be  appreciated  if  anglers 
taking  any  of  these  tagged  fish  would  report  to  the  fish  and  game  office  in 
Helena,  a  deputy  game  warden  or  park  ranger  as  to  where  the  fish  was  taken, 
number  of  tag,  date  taken,  length  and  condition  of  fish. 

The  rainbow  station  at  Lake  Francis  is  showing  a  steady  improvement  with 
fishinij'  reported  the  best  in  history  this  year.  Lake  Ronan  shows  the  exp«>ctod 
decline — the  penalty  for  indiscriminate  iilanting  of  exotic  fish  by  misguided 
sportsmen. 

Tte  fall  of  1933  temporary  traps  were  installed  at  several  points  in  the  upper 
Big  Hole  river  and  eastern  brook  trout  eggs  collected.  There  are  splendid 
opportunities  there  for  a  good  collection,  but  due  to  lack  of  revenue  it  was  not 
in  optH-ation  this  fall.  The  traps  are  widely  separated  which  requires  a  watch- 
man at  each  to  prevent  poaching. 

In  line  with  the  improvements  made  at  the  hatcheries  with  a  view  of  im- 
proving both  quality  and  <iuaiitity  of  the  output,  rearing  ponds  have  been  con- 
structed at  several  of  the  slalions.  Circular  concrete  ponds,  of  the  tyi)e  devised 
by  L.  E.  Mayhall  of  the  Washington  State  Game  Commission,  were  constructed 
at  Gmat  Falls,  Somers  and  Anacond.i.  These  i)onds  are  40  feet  in  diameter, 
30  inches  deep  with  (he  bottom  samer-shaped,  sloping  to  the  center  where  tlu- 
water  is  discharged.  The  supply  pipi'  delivers  the  water  at  an  angle  creating  a 
circular  movement.  Ponds  of  this  type  have  proven  very  satisfactory  from 
.several  angles — (1)  practically  every  section  of  the  ptmd  presents  the  sjime 
conditions,  that  is  the  velocity  and  depth  of  the  water  is  uniform,  a  distinct 
advantage  over  the  rectangular  pond  where  the  sturdier  fish  occupy  the  upper 
section  of  the  pond  forcing  the  weaker  fish  to  llii'  lower  and  less  desirable 
sections — (2)  tlie  circular  pond  is  practically  self  cleaning  with  the  waste  and 
debris  gradually  working  toward  the  center  and  outlet  of  the  pond.  The  carrying 
capacity  is  more  than  doubled  and  it  is  intended  to  construct  more  of  this  tyi)e 
as  revenue  is  available. 

Another  pond  proving  very  sjitisfaetory  is  a  .semi-natural  pond,  first  tried 
out  at  the  Hig  TimlK-r  hatcliery.  In  this  type,  it  is  endeavored  to  develop  con- 
ditions as  nearly  natural  as  possil>le  with  artificial  construction  intended  to  add 
to  the  carrying  capacity.  A  i)ond  Tr>  fcH't  wide  and  150  feet  long  has  proven 
lh(>  most  satisfactory.     A   floor  lU  feet   wide  is  laid  lengthwise  through  the  center 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


23 


of  the  pond  with  three  side  floors,  equidistant,  of  the  same  width  running  from 
the  center  floor  to  the  outer  edges  of  the  pond.  The  portions  of  the  pond,  not 
floored,  produces  a  dense  growth  of  aquatic  vegetation,  absolutely  essential  to  the 
successful  operation  of  a  pond  of  this  type. 

The  water  generally  used  in  this  pond  is  deficient  in  oxygen,  being  used  in 
the  hatchery  and  smaller  fry  ponds  before  reaching  the  large  pond,  it  also  carries 
a  certain  amount  of  waste  material  which  must  be  taken  care  of.  These  two  con- 
ditions are  remedied  through  the  presence  of  aquatic  vegetation  which  absorbs 
the  carbon  dioxide  thrown  off  by  decay  of  waste  material  and  respiration  of 
fish,  and  in  turn  throws  off  oxygen  which  is  essential  to  fish  and  all  aquatic 
animal  life.  Thus  gases  thrown  off  as  a  waste  product  by  the  plants  are 
essential  for  the  well  being  of  the  fish  and  the  waste  product  thrown  off  by 
the  respiration  of  the  fish  and  other  animals  are  taken  up  by  the  growing  plants, 
plants. 

Fish  reared  in  this  type  pond  are  far  superior  to  the  fish  reared  in  ponds 
constituting  entire  artificial  conditions,  for  the  reason  there  is  more  natural 
fo'^d,  natural  conditions  with  more  room  provided  for  the  range  of  the  fish. 
Ponds  of  this  type  have  been  constructed  at  Big  Timber,  Lewistown,  Emigrant, 
Anaconda,  Hamilton  and  Libby. 

A  shortage  of  fish  food  is  facing  us  at  this  time  on  account  of  the 
slaughter  of  the  surplus  cattle  which  became  necessary  on  account  of  the  extreme 
droup^ht.  Plans  are  under  way  to  secure  pasture  land  upon  which  range  horses 
will  be  raised  for  fish  food. 


WHERE  THE  LOCH  LEVEN  RUN 


Approximately  5.000,000  Loch  Leven,  and  5,000,000  Rainbow  eggs  are  stripped 
from  these   traps   each  year.    They  are   on   the  Madison  River  at 

Hebgen    Lake. 


24  MONTANA    STATE    FISH   AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


Fish  PLinting 

A  very  definite  progress  has  been  made  the  past  two  years  in  fish  planting 
with  considerable  yet  to  be  done.  Experiments  have  shown  that  planting  fish 
properly  is  equally  as  important  as  rearing  fish.  Efforts  are  being  made  to 
plant  the  different  species  when  the  natural  food  in  the  streams  and  lake  is  at 
its  peak.  For  years  the  native  cutthroats  have  been  planted  in  the  fall  after 
every  effort  had  been  made  to  rear  them  to  a  suitable  size  before  liberation. 
Discouraging  results  attended  this  method  and  it  was  demonstrated  that, 
especially  with  the  natives  which  are  planted  in  the  higher  elevations,  it  was 
not  the  size  of  the  fingerlings  when  planted,  but  the  time  of  the  year  which  was 
the  big  factor  in  their  development.  Now,  all  natives  not  being  held  over  the 
wint/^r  months  are  liberated  as  soon  as  possible  after  "swimming  up"  and  it  will 
result  in  a  decided  improvement. 

This  is  not  intended  an  an  argument  against  raising  larger  fish  as  all  recog- 
nize the  value  of  that  in  certain  cases,  but  the  cutthroats  require  planting  when 
the  natural  food  supply  is  abundant  in  the  upper  reaches  of  the  streams.  This 
may  be  borne  out  by  the  fact  that  in  all  waters  where  natives  are  found  to  be 
thriving — the  new  stock  is  introduced  in  the  form  of  fry  early  in  the  season — 
Georgetown  lake,  Ashley  lake.  Swan  river,  Flathead  lake  and  others. 

Recently  a  new  type  tank  unit  for  use  in  distributing  fish  was  assembled 
at  Apaconda.  This  consists  of  a  tank  42  inches  by  48  inches  and  26  inches  deep 
with  0  water  pump,  powered  by  a  separate  gasoline  engine,  which  takes  water 
from  the  bottom  of  the  tank  and  returns  it  through  several  jets  at  the  top, 
thus  providing  sufficient  aeration  to  cari-y  fish  any  distance.  This  will  result 
in  a  reduced  cost  of  distribution  as  it  is  possible  to  cari-y  the  equivalent  of  60 
10-galJ')n  cans,  formerly  used,  and  with  a  light  pick-up  truck  instead  of  the  heavier 
trucks  now  in  use  at  most  hatcheries.  This  is  a  big  improvement  over  the 
oxygen  system  of  aeration  and  it  is  exiiected  to  outfit  each  hatchery  with  one 
of  these  units  as  the  revenue  will  permit. 

Stream  Improvement 

Much  has  been  written  and  told  of  the  value  of  stream  improvement.  There 
is  no  question  that  there  is  certain  merit  to  this  work.  It  is  a  very  broad  field 
of  activity  and  one  which  will  require  careful  study  before  undertaking  on  a 
large  scale.  In  ordW  to  obtain  some  accurate  information  as  to  tlie  value  of 
this  ^^'ork,  the  U.  S,  Forest  Service  undertook  an  extt-nsive  program  in  the 
Sand  Ba.sin  on  the  fWest  Fork  of  Kock  creek  near  Philipsburg  during  1!).'J4. 
He?"e  were  installed  log  dams,  deflectors  and  covers  which  are  designed  to  improve 
the  conditions  in  the  stream  throught  providing  cover  for  the  fi.sh,  deflecting 
waters  to  create  pools,  removing  silt  and  debris  from  gravel  bars  to  improve 
conditions  for  n.itur.il  propagation,  and  to  impound  waters  to  create  and  maintain 
more  desirable  water  temperatures.  A  careful  check  was  made  of  the  number 
of  fish,  the  abundance  and  kinds  of  natural  trout  food  present  and  otlier 
factors  relating  to  the  experiment.  At  the  end  (»f  a  four-year  ix'ricxl  another 
check  will  be  made  wliieh  should  establish  the  value  of  such  work.  Iiefore  a 
stream  improvement  iirograni  is  undertaken  it  would  be  well  to  cla.ssify  the 
strehms  of  the  slate. 

At  present,  fish  are  being  planted  in  many  streams  where  conditions  for  one 
reason  or  another,  are  decidedly  unfavorable  for  their  development.  It  should 
be   (leternilned   whether  a    p.irlicular  stream   is   of   nion-   value   tor   agriculture,   for 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


25 


industry,  or  for  recreation.  If  agreed  that  its  value  for  industry  and  for  agri- 
culture outweighs  the  value  for  recreation,  it  should  be  set  aside  for  that  pur- 
pose end  no  fish  planted  in  that  particular  stream.  In  classifying  these  streams 
there  will  be  many  border-line  cases  where,  at  the  cost  of  installing  fish  screens, 
overco/ning  pollution  problems,  etc.,  the  stream  could  be  made  to  sen'e  all  inter- 
ests. This  is  the  class  of  streams  which  should  receive  first  consideration  in 
stream  improvement  work  and  the  cost  of  the  improvement  work  should  not  le 
borne  entirely  by  the  sportsmen,  but  by  all  interests  using  the  stream. 

Fish   Screens 

This  time  worn  subject  is  about  as  far  from  being  solved  as  it  ever  was. 
It  is  too  large  an  undertaking  for  the  fish  and  game  commission  to  assume  alone 
with  the  present  revenue  and  is  a  most  discouraging  obstacle  in  keeping  the 
strea^ns  stocked.  With  the  general  public  coming  to  appreciate  the  value  of 
fishing  to  the  state  some  beneficial  action  will  be  taken  toward  correcting  this 
condition. 

Flatbead  Lake  Salmon 

Od-^  matter  worthy  of  consideration  in  this  report  is  that  of  the  land-locked 
Sockeyo  salmon  in  Flathead  lake.  For  several  years  they  have  been  showing  a 
material  increase,  with  the  fall  of  1934  seeing  literally  thousands  of  them  spawn- 
ing along  the  east  and  west  shores  of  the  lake,  many  running  up  the  Swan  and 
Flathead  rivers.  Several  years  ago  they  were  not  held  in  high  esteem  by  the 
anglers,  in  fact,  many  recommended  they  be  taken  from  the  lake,  but  as  anglers 
have   more   opportunity   to    obseiTe   these   fish   they   are   beginning   to   appreciate 


NEW  DUCK  CREEK  TRAPS 


These   up-to-date   traps  at   Hebgen   are   among    the    best   in    the   west. 


26  MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND   GAME   COMMISSION 

their  value.  Many  of  the  Salmon  were  taken  trolling  during  September  and 
Oftobe"  and  provided  much  sport  as  well  as  food.  Tjiter  as  they  came  to  the 
spawning  beds,  permission  was  given  to  the  Montana  Relief  Commission  to  seine 
these  .^sh  for  canning  and  distribution  to  the  needy.  A  total  of  21,000  cans  were 
packed.  This  is  a  matter  of  importance  to  the  sportsmen  and  the  department 
and  rome  measures  should  be  taken  to  pi-operly  handle  this  new  development. 

Bjiss  Rescue  Work 

This  work  has  been  continued  the  past  two  years  with  improvements  made 
in  the  rescue,  handling  and  distribution  of  these  fi.sli.  With  indications  that 
there  was  need  of  restocking  some  of  the  sloughs  adjacent  to  where  rescue  work 
is  done  the  majority  of  fish  rescued  were  planted  back  in  waters  of  Flathead 
county  which  have  been  classified  for  several  years  as  bass  waters.  The  Clear- 
water lakes  were  stocked  again  the  past  two  years  from  this  rescue  work,  but 
no  new  waters  stocked  with   this  species. 

Public  Works  Administration 

With  the  creation  of  the  Public  Works  Administration  and  their  giving 
attention  to  irrigation  and  water  conservation,  a  letter  was  directed  to  Secre- 
tary Ickes  asking  that  they  give  consideration  to  fish  life  and  incorporate  in 
the    regulations    the    following: 

?.     Fish  screens  to  be  installed  at  outlet  of  all  reservoirs. 

2.  That  a  minimum  low  water  level  be  established  which  would  provide 
enough  depth  to  sustain  fish  life. 

3.  That  where  fish  are  found  in  feeder  canals,  sufficient  flow  be  main- 
tained to   sustain   fish   life. 

4.  That  the  u.se  of  water  from  natural  lakes  be  restricted  to  the  amount 
stored  by  construction  of  a  dam  above  the  lake  level  and  to  prohibit  lowering 
the  level  of  any  natural  lake. 

The  department  was  assured  that  the  merits  of  this  request  were  recognized 
and  AA  ould  be  given  every  consideration. 

Heconmiendations 

For  the  benefit  <if  game  fishing  in  this  vState  it  is  recommended  that — 

1.  Some  thought  be  given  the  fish  screen  installation  in  irrigation  ditches 
where  it  has  Ihhmi  proven  coni-lusively  losses  of  fish  occur.  This  matter  is  of 
prime  importance  and  with  the  re<^'overy  program  now  under  way  the  time  seems 
opportune  for  some  action.  Installation  of  screens,  besides  overcoming  one  of 
our  greatest  obstacles  wouhl  provide  much  labor  fur  foundries,  machinists,  car- 
penter.s.  concrete  workers  and  laborers.  It  is  thought  that,  provided  this  matter 
would  be  given  favorable  consideration  in  the  legislature,  screens  could  be 
installed  with  the  irrigation  company  issuing  bonds  to  be  paid  over  a  period 
of  20  years.  The  money  is  to  Ite  secured  from  the  rublii-  Works  Administration 
for  the  construction  work. 

2.  It  is  recommenik'd  that  some  legislation  he  passed  nuiking  it  unlawful 
for  anyone  to  plant  or  transplant  fisii  of  any  species  into  any  waters  of  Mon- 
tana. At  the  present  time  there  is  no  law  covering  this  and  much  damage  lias 
iilrcft.ly  been  done  l)y  enthusiastic  but  mi.sguided  sportsmen  who  are  desirous  of 
liuilding  ui>  a  certain  species,  favorable  to  them.selves  but  which  in  many  cases 
prove  disastrous  to  more  desirable  species  and  results  in  complete  ruination  of 
excellent    fishing   waters.     There   are   several   outstanding   eases   where   this   may 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION  27 


be  observed  -such  as  Lake  Ronan  and  several  lakes  in  the  Kalispell-Libby  section, 
which  u?re  formerly  well  stocked  with  trout  and  have  been  lost  through  intro- 
ductioii  of  exotic  species  such  as  sun  fish,  crappies  or  bass.  There  are  certain 
waters  where  it  is  to  the  advantage  of  the  sportsmen  and  the  department  to 
plant  these  exotic  species  but  there  must  be  some  control  over  this  work  if  an 
intelligent  program  is  to  be  carried  out. 

3.  It  is  recommended  that  legislation  be  passed  which  would  vest  in  a 
board,  preferably  the  Water  Conservation  Board,  or  the  State  Engineer,  the  power 
and  authority  to  exercise  control  over  the  use  of  water  in  this  state.  It  would 
seem  that  with  the  severe  drought  we  have  experienced,  bringing  to  the  atten- 
tion of  all  the  importance  and  necessity  of  utilizing  waters  to  the  best  possible 
advantage,  the  time  is  ripe  to  present  such  a  program  for  consideration  of  the 
legislature.  At  present  the  hundreds  of  streams,  dry  miles  before  the  point 
of  confluence  with  larger  streams  bears  mute  evidence  to  our  inability  to 
administer  certain  of  our  most  valuable  resources.  With  water  the  life  and 
blood  of  every  community  and  state  there  certainly  should  be  some  supervision 
over  its  conservation  and  utilization. 

Work  of  the  fisheries  division  the  past  two  years  has  been  marked  by 
splendid  cooperation  of  different  agencies  interested  in  the  fisheries  program. 
To  these  agencies  we  extend  our  sincere  thanks  and  appreciation.  Promieuent 
among  them  may  be  mentioned  the  state  and  county  C.  W.  A.  and  Montana 
Relief  Commission  officials  who  have  shown  every  consideration  for  the  de- 
velopment and  improvement  of  fisheries  work,  the  Montana  Power  Company 
for  the  cooperation  in  the  operation  of  the  Great  Falls  hatchery,  the  Anaconda 
Copper  Mining  Company  who  owns  the  land  upon  which  is  located  our  most 
valuable  spawning  stations  at  Georgetown  lake,  the  U.  S.  Forest  Service  for  its 
splendid  work  in  construction  of  rearing  ponds  at  the  head  of  the  Little  Black- 
foot  in  Powell  county  and  in  the  Benchmark  territory  in  Lewis  and  Clark 
county.  Of  outstanding  importance  is  the  work  undertaken  by  the  forest 
service  in  the  stream  improvement  work  near  Philipsburg.  This  work  was  done 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Tarzwell  of  Michigan,  credited  with  doing  the  pioneer 
work  of  this  nature  and  whose  services  were  obtained  by  the  forestry  depart- 
ment in  order  that  the  work  be  properly  administered.  W.  M.  Rush,  Game  ex- 
pert with  the  forestry  department  contributed  a  great  deal  through  his  work 
on  fish  diseases  and  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Fisheries  extended  their  usual  coopera- 
tion in  the  work  during  the  year  especially  at  Miles  City  where  the  bureau  and 
state  department  operate  the  Pond  Cultural  station  on  a  cooperative  basis.  Too 
much  cannot  be  said  of  the  splendid  work  done  at  the  Butte  Anglers  Rearing 
pond,  under  the  leadership  of  William  Carpenter  and  Charles  Healea.  Vast  im- 
provements were  made  this  year  through  the  construction  of  a  hatchery,  con- 
struction of  fry  ponds  and  improvements  to  and  remodeling  the  old  ponds, 
This  plant  will  contribute  much  to  the  Big  Hole  river  and  adjacent  waters. 
The  Great  Falls  Wild  Life  association  and  city  of  Great  Falls  are  entitled 
great  credit  for  the  construction  of  a  display  pen  for  game  birds.  This  pen  was 
constructed  at  the  Great  Falls  hatchery  and  adds  much  to  the  appearance  of 
the  grounds.  The  Great  Falls  park  board  contributed  a  gi-eat  deal  through 
the  landscaping  work  at  Giant  Springs,  under  the  direction  of  Thomas  Lease. 
The  Dude  Ranchers  association  and  various  rod  and  gun  clubs  rendered  very 
valuable  assistance  in  the  distribution  work  and  other  support  during  the  past 
two   years. 


28  MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


Hatchery  Report — Anaconda  and  Georgetown — 

With  the  help  uf  the  C.  W.  A.  and  F.  E.  K.  A.,  a  log  building  was  con- 
structed at  Flint  creek  to  lie  used  as  a  bunk  house  for  the  crew  during  the 
spawning  season,  a  log  building  24  by  42  was  constructed  for  use  as  garage,  ice 
house  and  store  room,  lights  were  installed,  a  fence  was  constructed  around  the 
property  and  grounds  improved. 

Two  concrete  circular  ponds  were  constructed  at  Anaconda — the  large  pond 
divided  into  three  smaller  ponds  and  one  additional  earth  ix)ud  constructed 
at  the  lower  end  of  property.  Major  improvement  was  made  to  water  supply 
through  lowering  the  supply  pipe  at  the  spring,  covering  the  cold  water  spring 
and  remodeling  the  supply  pipe  intake  from  warm  water  spring.  A  concrete 
floor  was  laid  in  the  garage  and  the  grounds  improved.  This  project  netted,  per- 
haps, the  most  to  the  department  because  of  the  character  of  work  and  the  value  of 
the  improvements   to   the   Georgetown  and  Anaconda    stations. 

Big  Timber 

The  large  pond  started  in  1032  was  completed.  A  second  pond  identical 
to  this  was  constructed,  additions  were  built  onto  the  hatchery  providing  room 
for  an  office  and  work  shop.  The  grounds  were  landscaped — additional  land 
purchased  just  west  of  the  hatchery  property — a  concrete  foundation  con- 
structed for  a  combination  garage  and  store  room,  .specimen  pond  rip-rapped  and 
walks  constructed  around  the  same,  a  new  road  constructed  from  the  east  end 
of  the  property  to  the  hatchery  building — trees  grubbed  off  the  hillside,  and 
shrubs  and  evergreens  planted — repairs  made  to  the  living  quarters.  The  valu- 
ation of  this  station  was  considerably  increased  through  this  work. 

Daly  Hatchei-y   (Hamilton) 

Two  large  rearing  ponds  and  four  fry  ponds  were  constructed,  improvements 
made  to  the  water  supply,  living  quarters  enlarged  and  improved,  au  office 
and  work  shop  built  in  the  hatchery,  a  porch  added  to  end  of  the  building,  new 
double  door  entrance  installed  and  considerable  painting  done.  The  depart 
ment  also  purchased  this  hatchery  from  the  Daly  estate  from  whom  it  had  been 
leased  the  past  ten  years.     Additional  improvements  are  planned  here. 

Emigrant 

This  is  a  comparatively  new  station,  having  been  moved  from  its  original 
site  across  the  Yellowstone  river.  Two  large  ponds  were  completed,  the  water 
supply  improved,  the  hatchery  building  enhirged  through  connecting  it  with 
the  store  room — an  office  built  onto  the  west  end  of  the  hatchery  and  the 
building  formerly  used  as  coud)ination  garage  and  living  (piarters  is  being  re- 
modeled for  full  living  quarters.  The  grounds  were  lan(l.><capi'd,  road  to  U.  S. 
highway  graded,  fence  constructed  around  property  and  concrete  retaining  walls 
and  concrete  steps  adjacent  tn  rectangular  concrete  ponds  were  constructe<l.  A 
heavy  program  of  expansion  is  i)laniu'(l  here  as  revenue  is  made  available. 

Great   Falls 

One  concrete  circular  pond  was  constructed  with  grounds  preiuired  and 
drain  pipes  laid  tor  two  more  t)f  similar  size  and  construction.  A  stone  fence 
liiiilt  across  front  of  property  to  prevent  sand  blowing  on  the  lawn— game  bird 
display  ikmis  were  constructed  by  inti-rested  ag««ncii's.  grounds  landscaped. 
There  is  urgent  need  for  further  impruvenient  at  this  liatihery  and  it  is 
planned  to  complete  the  two  i-oncrete  ponds  next  spring  and  undtriake  tiie  other 
work  as  money  is  made  available. 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION  29 


Levvistown 

The  major  improvemont  work  here  consisted  of  the  construction  of  a  two- 
car  garage — and  two  large  rearing  ponds,  these  ponds  of  the  semi-natural  type 
are  without  question  the  best  in  the  state,  built  of  mason  rock  they  are  of 
substantial  construction  and  designed  to  add  to  the  efficiency  and  appearance 
of  the  pond.  Considerable  improvement  work  has  been  done  on  the  grounds — 
excavation  for  dwelling  which  it  is  planned  to  move  and  remodel.  As  at  the 
other  hatcheries  much  remains  to  be  done  here  as  revenue  is  available.  Much 
credit  is  due  sportsmen  and  relief  officials  for  the  assistance  furnished  in  the 
improvement  work  and  pond  construction. 

Libby 

This,  too,  is  a  comparatively  new  station  with  considerable  improvement 
work  having  been  done  the  past  two  years  consisting  of  the  construction  of 
four  large  ponds  (not  yet  complete),  improvement  to  water  supply  system,  con- 
struction of  water  tempering  pond,  landscaping  the  grounds.  There  is  great 
need  for  a  combination  garage  and  food  room  and  a  dwelling  for  use  of  the 
assistant.  Veiy  satisfactory  headway  has  been  made  at  this  station  and  it  is 
planned   to   complete    the   work   when    possible. 

Miles  City 

Through  the  C.  W.  A.  and  F.  E.  R.  A.  projects  many  major  improvements 
were  made  at  this  station,  which  will  materially  improve  the  quality  and  quan- 
tity of  the  output  of  warm  water  fish.  Space  will  not  permit  enumerating  the 
improvements  made  but  in  the  main  they  were  confined  to  improving  conditions 
in    the   brood   ponds,   building   improvements,   etc. 

Ovando 

No  improvement  work  was  undertaken  at  this  station  due  to  the  possibility 
of  moving  it  to  a  more  desirable  location.  Surveys  have  been  made  incidental 
to  this  plan  and  as  .soon  as  all  facts  are  known  a  definite  program  will  be 
outlined. 

Philipsburg 

No  improvement  work  was  undertaken  at  this  hatchery  on  account  of  the 
hea^y  program  at  Anaconda  and  Georgetown.  The  stream  improvement  work  by 
the  forest  service  is  in  the  Philipsburg  area  and  it  is  planned  to  construct  rearing 
ponds  at  the  headwater  of  Ross's  fork  next  season  to  receive  part  of  the  cut- 
throat fry  distributed  from  the  Philipsburg  hatchery. 

Poison 

Considerable  improvement  work  is  planned  for  this  fall  such  as  repairing 
the  supply  pipe  line,  painting  and  improving  all  buildings.  This  hatchery  is 
operated  only  during  the  summer  months,  but  contributes  a  great  deal  to  the 
fishing  in  the  Flathead  waters. 

Red  Lodge 

With  the  completion  of  the  new  Red  Lodge  tourist  camp  adjacent  to  the 
hatchery  and  the  construction  of  the  new  Red  Lodge-Cooke  City  highway  which 
is  located  but  50  feet  from  the  hatchery — it  is  planned  to  dismantle  the  old 
building  and  rebuild,  with  the  assistance  of  an  F.  B.  R.  A.  project,  with  log 
constraction   to  match   those  in  the  tourist  park.     This  hatchery   stands  to  be  a 


30  MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND   GAME   COMMISSION 

valuable  unit  now  with  the  highway  opening,  to  the  tourist  and  resident,  the 
vast  number  of  virgin  waters  to  be  found  on  the  divide  between  Red  Lodge  and 
Cooke  City. 

Salish 

Outside  of  work  undertaken  by  the  C.  W.  A.  project  at  this  station,  nothing 
has  been  done.  Considerable  "foundation"  work  such  as  installing  a  reservoir 
and  drain  ditch  and  leveling  the  grounds  was  completed.  This  is  the  hatchery 
site  located  midway  between  Arlee  and  Ravalli  where  it  is  hoped  the  revenue 
will  permit  construction  of  a  hatchery  station  to  replace  the  old  Missoula  hatchei-y. 
abandoned  on  account  of  insufficient  water. 

Soiners 

With  department  funds  and  C.  W.  A.  projects  this  station  has  been  put  on 
a  much  better  footing.  The  water  supply,  the  controlling  factor  in  the  operation 
of  this  hatchery,  has  been  much  improved  through  installation  of  drain  pipes 
to  tap  adjacent  small  springs,  piping,  what  had  before  been  open  ditches.  Two 
concrete  circular  rearing  ponds  have  been  consti-ucted  and  init  in  operation  for 
the  1934  season.  A  large  .sub.stantially  built  shed  was  constructed  at  the  lower 
end  of  the  property  to  be  used  to  house  fire  wood,  machinery,  trucks  and  other 
equipment.  A  driveway  was  graded  around  the  hatchery  grounds  with  the 
grounds  in  general  cleaned  up  and  made  more  presentable. 

Havre 

The  experimental  feeding  station  which  was  put  in  operation  on  Beaver 
creek  near  Havre  in  10.32  has  proven  satisfactory.  AVith  the  assistance  of  a 
C.  W.  A.  project  and  the  Havre  Rod  and  Gun  club  two  log  buildings  were  erected 
— one  for  use  as  a  dwelling,  and  one  for  a  garage  and  storeroom.  Three 
additional  ponds  constructed,  property  fenced  and  grounds  beautifully  land- 
scaped. 

Wolf   (reek 

The  Mi.s.souri  river  between  Cascade  and  lloltir  Dam  is  being  sto<*ked 
largely  from  the  Wolf  Creek  feeding  station  which  was  constructed  by  funds 
furni.shed  by  the  Lewis  and  Clark  Rod  and  Gim  club,  and  the  Great  Falls  Wild 
Life  association.  C.  B.  Power  of  ITelena  upon  whose  land  the  station  was  con- 
structed has  extended  every  cooperation  to  this  venture.  The  low  water  of  the 
past  two  years  has  offered  .some  drawback  to  the  operation  of  this  station,  but 
with  the  return  of  normal  water  flow  it  is  expected  that  excellent  results  will 
be  ol>tained. 


ACQUIRE    REFUGES 


III  an  cft'oil  to  provide  an  adccpi.-ite  system  of  refugees  for  waterfowl  on 
l)otli  till-  nesting  areas  and  tlie  flyways,  tlu-  r.  S.  r.ureiiu  of  Biological  Slirvey 
is  pushing  plans  as  rapidly  as  pos.sible  to  ;i((iiiirc  a  dozen  or  more  such  areas 
before    the    spring    flight    in    March. 

While  the  Survey  is  ai-<iuiring  large  tracts,  its  officials  and  the  American 
Game  Association  urge  lliat  sp<irtsnieii  iiiid  oilur  iiaiuic  lovers  actpiire  small 
water  areas  and  .set  them  aside  as  refuges.  Naturalists  iniint  out  that  ducks 
will  even  frequent  a  horse  lot  pond  where  there  is  food  for  waterfowl. 


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MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION  33 


GA3IE   FISH   EGGS   COLLECTED   AT    STATE    SPAWNING    STATIONS   AND 
ACQUIRED    THROUGH    COOPERATIVE    AGREEMENTS 

July  1,  1932  to  Jime  30,  1933 

Loch 

Natives      Rainbow    Grayling         Leven       E.  Brook  Total 

Georgetown    Lake    13,819,120         308,440     3,423,440     _ 199,282  17,750,262 

Lake   Francis      700,896     700,896 

Lake    Ronan    983,226     983,226 

Conley's    Lake    - 400.554  400,554 

Rodgers    Lake   8,038,928     8,038,928 

Cooperative: 

Bureau   of   Fisheries   2,273,640     2,273,640 

Alvord   &   Kilbrennan    835,000  835,000 


13,819,120      1,992,562    11,462,348      2,273,640      1,434,836   30,982,506 


July  1,  1933  to  June  30,  1934 

Loch 

Natives      Rainbow^    Grayling         Leven       E.  Brook  Total 

Georgetown    Lake    17,398,920     1,337,760     167,139  18,903,819 

Lake   Francis   414,460      414,460 

Lake    Ronan    585,968     585,968 

Conley's    Lake    459,410  459,410 

Rodgers    Lake    - 3,721,072     3,721,072 

Big    Hole 481,026  481,026 

Bitterroot    Lake    30,576           26,460     57,036 

Ashley    Lake    940,800     940,800 

Hebgen   Lake  5,346.684     _...     4,864,260     10,210,944 

Cooperative: 

Bureau   of   Fisheries    2,015,910     2,015,910 

Alvord   &   Kilbrennan    _ 673,992  673,992 


18,370,296      6,373,572      5,058,832      6,880,170      1,781,567   38,464,437 


34  MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


VIOLATIONS  BY  COUNTIES 


July  1.  1932  to  July  1,  1933  to 
June  30,  1933     June  30,  1934 

Beaverhead   29  18 

Big    Horn    15  22 

Blaine     3  1 

Broadwater     1  1 

Carbon    13  1 

Carter     

Cascade    -. 7  4 

Chouteau   4 

Custer     - 1 

Daniels     

Dawson    4  2 

Deer    Lodge    ..._ 50  39 

Fallon     3 

Fergus      7  9 

Flathead    30  9 

Gallatin      22  15 

Garfield     

Glacier      2 

Golden   Valley   3  3 

Granite    2  1 

Hill      2  2 

Jefferson     1 

Judith     Basin     4  3 

Lake    36  30 

Lewis   and    Clark 12  7 

Liberty     

Lincoln     38  5 

Madison     22  17 

McCone    

Meagher     2  2 

Mineral    18  6 

Missoula    12  8 

Musselshell     1  10 

Park    11  6 

Petroleum      2 

Phillips    3  4 

Pondera    4  1 

Powder    River    

Powell    22  20 

Prairie    1  1 

Ravalli     11  6 

Richland 21 

Rosebud     1  2 

Roosevelt     1 

Sanders    _ 30  10 

Sheridan     1  10 

Silvei'     Bow    4  6 

Stillwater    14  5 

Sweet    Grass    3  6 

Teton    

Toole     5 

Treasure    

Valley     2 

Wheatland     1  4 

Wibaux     

Yellowstone    13  25 

Total    Law    Violations    468  347 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION  35 


FISH  AND  GAME  LAW  VIOLATIONS 


July  1,  1932  to  July  1,  1933  to 
June  30,  1933     June  30.  1934 


Alien  in  possession  of  firearms  without  license 5  5 

Appropriating    wild    goose    eggs    J  ~" 

Catching  more  than   5   fish  under  7  inches  in  length  9  -s* 

Destroying   evidence   of   sex   of   deer   l  _^ 

Fishing   without   a   license    1^^  '* 

Fishing    through    the    ice    --■•  ,^ 

Fishing    in    closed     streams    ^"  ■'•° 

Fishing   during   closed   season   11  ? 

Fishing  with  more  than  one  pole,  line  and  hook  and  set  line  4  6 

Hunting  without  a  license   - 34  -5 

Hunting  on   Game  Preserve   - 20  4 

Illegal   possession   of   beaver   hides    '  ° 

Hunting  waterfowl   with   motor   boat   ^ 

Killing  bear  without   a  license   2  1 

Killing  a    moose   1  ^ 

Killing  elk  out  of  season   13  1^ 

Killing    deer    out    of    season    47  29 

Killing  grouse,  prairie  chicken,  etc.,  out  of  season  19  13 

Killing    doe    deer    2  4 

Killing  more  than  one  deer  or  elk  4  .... 

Killing    antelope    2  2 

Killing    fawn    2 

Killing  Chinese   pheasants   out   of   season   8  12 

Killing  deer  by  use   of   spot   light   

Making  false   statement   in   application   for   license   8  6 

Opening  muskrat  houses  1 

Possession   of  seine   without   license   6 

Salmon   eggs  fishing  with  same   8  4 

Shipping   furs   from    state   without   permit 2  2 

Shooting   ducks   after   sunset   10  18 

Shooting   ducks   after   season   closes    14  9 

Shooting    from    public    highway    13  7 

Shooting    a    swan    1  2 

Shooting    song    birds    1  1 

Trapping   fur-bearing   animals   out   of   season    8  9 

Trapping    fur-bearing   animals    without   a    license    15  13 

Trapping    beaver    without    a   permit    ; 6  6 

Trapping  on  game  preserve  without  a  license  2 

Killing    Chinese    pheasant    hens    5  7 

Selling  game  animal,   birds  or  fish  3  1 

Guiding   without   a   license    3 

Failing  to   tag  big  game  17  1 

Killing  mountain   goat   out   of  season   2 

Operating    without    fur    dealer's    license    1  5 

Failure    to    keep   record    of    fur   sales    '. 1 

Catching   over    the   limit    of   game   fish    7  1 


TOTAL    LAW    VIOLATIONS 468  347 


36  MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


Distribution  of  Birds  from  State  Game  Farm — 1933 

COUNTY  Chinese  Pheasants     Hungarian  Partridges     Others 

Beaverhead     183 

Big    Horn    200  9 

Blaine    200 

Broadwater    200 

Carbon      200 

Carter     100 

Cascade    299 

Chouteau  200 

Custer    220 

Daniels     200  •24 

Dawson    200  **6 

••*8 

Deer     Lodge     •- 250  35 

Fallon     150 

Fergus      200 

Flathead    200 

Gallatin   200 

Golden   Valley   200 

Granite    212 

Hill   200 

Jefferson     150 

Judith   Basin   200 

Lake   200 

Lewis   and   Clark  250 

Liberty     100 

Madison  250 

Meagher    150  **»*2 

Missoula    250 

Musselshell     200 

Park      200 

Petroleum    200 

Phillips    200 

Pondera     250 

Powder   River   100 

Powell    225 

Prairie     200 

Ravalli     214  •IS 

Richland    200 

Roosevelt    200 

Rosebud     200  ^ 

Sanders    200 

Sheridan    200 

Silver  Bow  225 

Stillwater    192  8  'SO 

Sweet    Grass    192 

Teton    200  •12 

Toole    200 

Treasure    200 

Valley    200 

Wheatland    200 

Wibaux    ^. 200 

Yellowstone    200  •SO 

Chinese    Pheasants,    10,162. 
Hungarian    Partridges,    52. 
California  Quail.    114. 
Melinistlc    Mutants,    2. 
Silver    Pheasants,    6. 
Chukars,    8. 
♦Quail. 
•♦Silvers. 
♦  ♦  ♦Chukars 
••••Melinistlc  Mutants. 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


37 


Liberation  of  Pheasants  for   1934 


COUNTY 

Beaverhead     200 

Broadwater     200 

Blaine     200 

Cascade    300 

Custer     200 

Carter     100 

Chouteau   200 

Deer    Lodge    275 

Dawson     300 

Daniels     150 

Flathead    250 

Fergus 300 

Fallon     100 

Gallatin    300 

Golden   Valley    200 

Granite     200 

Glacier   100 

Hill      200 

Jefferson     200 

Judith    Basin 200 

Lake    200 

Lewis    and    Clark    200 

Liberty     150 

Missoula    300 

Madison   300 

Musselshell     200 

Mineral    200 


Meagher     225 

McCone     100 

Powder    River    100 

Phillips      200 

Powell 270 

Petroleum    200 

Park    300 

Prairie    100 

Pondera    200 

Roosevelt 200 

Richland    200 

Ravalli     200 

Silver   Bow 200 

Sheridan 200 

Sanders    200 

Sweet  Grass  300 

Teton    200 

Toole     150 

Valley     200 

"Wibaux    200 

Wheatland     300 

9,970 
Quail 

Missoula    80 

Flathead 28 

Cascade 8 


116 


38 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 


LICENSE   SALES   BY   COUNTIES   FROM   JULY    1,   1932   TO   JUNE   30,   1933 


Beaverhead  

Big    Horn    

Blaine     

Broadwater     

Carbon    

Carter     

Cascade      ......—...'.'.. 

Chouteau     ...... 

Custer    

Daniels    

Dawson    

Deer     Lodge     

Fallon     

Fergus    

Flathead    

Gallatin      

Garfield   

Glacier  

Golden   Valley   

Granite     

Hill      

Jefferson     

Judith     Basin     

Lake     

Lewis   and   Clark 

I^iberty     

Ivincoln     

Madison     

McCone    

Meagher    

Mineral    

Missoula    

Musselshell     

Park    

Petroleum   

Phillips    

Pondera     

Powder    River    

Powell    

Prairie    

Kiiviilli   

Tlichland      

Itoo.sevelt     

Rosebud      

Sanders      

Slieiidan     

Silver    Bow    

Stillwater    

Sweet    Grass    

Teton    

Toole    

Treasure    

Valley     

"Wheatland     

Wibaux     

Yellowstone    

Idaho    

Washington    


60.980       26,675 
'Includes    one    Alien    Bird    License. 


QjDl 

W  3  3 

3-art 

1,467 
646 
280 
474 

1.830 
9 

5,700 
478 
157 
111 
551 

^1: 

577 

62 

38 

380 

210 

2T166 
177 

'""20 

842 
1 

549 
3,345 
1,319 

"175 

30 

379 

114 

367 

377 

1,030 

2,627 

11 

1,477 

719 

12 

335 

444 

2,298 

100 

596 

9 

9 

256 

"677 

1,189 

"Ti 

12 

866 

6 

1,375 

381 

253 

272 

168 

7 

10 

92 

"'2'9'3 
10 

w 

0  ?0 

1  a> 

11 

6 
1 

"Ti 

2 

1 

7 

'3 

14 

20 

5 

3 

5 
4 

6 

26 

"12 
4 

i 

1 

25 

""i'i 

'2 

i 

4 
3 
4 

2 

4 

28 

7 

12 

4 

4 

5 

w 

m 

►-.(I  0 
«  3  3 

94 
20 

■  ■37 
■"27 

6 

100 
501 

■"31 

7 

5 
5 

12 

122 

87 

"io'i 

207 

'3 

42 

98 

6 

29 

'3 

""'i'i 

■■■■53 

■■■■■7'5 

""■"2"6 
35 
50 

7 
4 

'2 

2 

70 

615 

111 

W 

fD 
CO 

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i 

8 

'2 

4 

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'2 

i 

5 

1 

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3 

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a  0 
3  3 

f-^  1 

1 

3^ 

3*3 

3 

11 

9 

10 

1.775 
73 

5 

1  "il  2 

4,284 

3,128 

3 

518 

1 
4 

10 

12 

;; 

1 

72 

444 

1,005 
632 

.. 

598 

2,151 

4,593 

104 

8 

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1,528 
1,454 

5 

33 

452 

613 

3,910 
504 

8 

3 

1,714 
62 

1 

11 

356 

719 

6 

-- 

1,001 

1 

83 

1,924 

162 

426 

... 

179 

1,191 
403 

6 

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4,673 

20 

805 

517 

753 
696 

1 

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332 

27  4 
45 



3,502 
19 

5 

3 

2.640 


27 


49 


109 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


39 


LICENSE   SALES   BY   COUNTIES   FROM   JULY   1,   1933   TO   JUNE   30,   1934 


•-s  o 

Dj  W 
01  3  3 

Beaverhead     1,090 

Big    Horn    928 

Blaine     397 

Broadwater     410 

Carbon      1,354 

Carter     13 

Cascade    4,564 

Chouteau   623 

Custer    382 

Daniels     244 

Dawson    604 

Deer    Lodge    1,714 

Fallon    68 

Fergus      1,799 

Flathead    3,992 

Gallatin    2,998 

Garfield     5 

Glacier  473 

Golden   Valley 82 

Granite 535 

Hill      1,254 

Jefferson     488 

Judith    Basin    479 

Lake      2,291 

Lew's    and    Clark    4,145 

Liberty     77 

Lincoln     1,439 

Madison     1,349 

McCone    30 

Meagher 426 

Mineral 601 

Missoula    3,491 

Musselshell     572 

Park      1,475 

Petroleum 56 

Phillips    280 

Pondera     667 

Pov'der    River    7 

Powell    1.111 

Prairie    75 

Ravalli      1,964 

Richland    490 

Roosevelt     481 

Rosebud     237 

Sanders 1.713 

Sheridan    567 

Silver    Bow    4,235 

Stillwater    942 

Sweet    Grass    771 

Teton    494 

Toole    - 559 

Treasure    88 

Valley    392 

Wheatland     566 

Wibaux    124 

Yellowstone    3,690 

Idaho    7 

Washington    


o2. 

3rt) 
3 

618 
143 
37 
284 
399 

160 

28 

20 

200 

793 

7 

966 

2.469 

1,377 

1 

113 

47 

300 

124 

363 

416 

649 

2,131 

3 

953 

632 


302 

348 

1,822 

135 

916 

20 

14 

194 

's'g'g 

13 

1,174 

346 

180 

4 

602 

159 

1,892 

312 

273 

257 

99 

6 

16 

347 

67 

470 


♦Includes  2  Alien  Bird 


59,908   25,457 
Licenses. 


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Si 

3 


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2 
3 

18 


1 
15 


85 


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a 
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89 
10 


41 
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12 


14 

86 

392 

"28 

3 

7 
10 

4 
79 
89 

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189 

8 

33 

82 

2 

36 


4 
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38 

39 

6 

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677 

97 


2,403 


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19 
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9 
10 


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3 
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54 


48 


87 


40 


MONTANA   STATE    FISH   AND    GAME   COMMISSION 


Receipts  for  the  Year  of  July  1,  1932  to  June  30,  1933 


HUNTING   AND    FISHING    IiICENSES 

Resident  Bird  and  Fish  60,980   @    $   2.00 

Resident  Big  Game  26,675  1.00 

Resdient    Sportsman    271  5.00 

Non-Resident    Fishing    2,640  3.50 

Non-Resident    Bird    27  10.00 

Non-Resident    Big    Game    49  30.00 

Alien    Fish    108  10.00 

Alien    Bird    1  30.00 

TOTAL    

Less    fees    allowed    dealers    


i.ici:nses  other  than  above 

Trappers'    Licenses    

Trappers' — Land    Owners    

Guides'    Licenses    

Taxidermists'    Licenses    

Seining  

Resident  Fur  Dealers  

Resident  Fur  Dealers'  Agent  

Non-Resident    Fur   Dealers   

Fur   and   Game   Farm   


PERMITS  AND  TAGS 

Shipping   permits    2,046  .50 

Beaver    Permits    .282  10.00 

Beaver    Tags    3,035  .50 


MISCEIiIiANEOtTS    REVENUE 


$121,960.00 

26,675.00 

1,355.00 

9,240.00 

270.00 

1.470.00 

1,080.00 

30.00 

$162,080.00 
$      8,884.00 


$153,196.00 

324 

$10.00 

$   3,240.00 

2 

1.00 

2.00 

51 

10.00 

510.00 

6 

15.00 

90.00 

6 

5.00 

30.00 

81 

1.00 

81.00 

4 

10.00 

40.00 

4 

25.00 

100.00 

61 

5.00 

305.00 

1,023.00 
2,820.00 
1,517.50 


$     4.398.00 


$     5,360.50 


Fines    

Cancelled    Warrant    

Confiscated   Guns.   Rods,   etc 

Confiscated    Fish   and    Meats   

Game   Farm — Sale  of  Brood   Hens 

Kale — Elk    Studey    

Fisli    Royalties    

Sale  of   Shed^ — Missoula   Hatchery 

Sale  of  Fish  Eggs  

Refunds 


3.534.49 

5.84 

623.80 

422.26 

416.53 

94.20 

41.00 

25.00 

4.488.75 

63.37 


$      9,715.24 
$172,669.74 


MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND    GAME    COMMISSION 


41 


Receipts  for  the  Year  of  July  1,  1933  to  June  30,  1934 


HUNTING   AND   FISHING   I.ICI:NSI:S 

Resident  Bird  and  Fish  59,908 

Resident  Big  Game  25,457 

Resident    Sportsmen    85 

Non-Resident    Fishing-    2,403 

Non-Resident    Bird    54 

Non-Resident   Big   Game    48 

Alien     Bird     2 

Alien    Fish    85 

Less   License   Dealers'    Fees   


UCENSES   OTHER   THAN   ABOVE 

Trappers'    Licenses    

Trappers' — Land    Owners 

Guides'    Licenses    — - 

Taxidermists    

Seining     

Resident   Fur  Dealers   

Resident   Fur   Dealers   Agents   

Non-Resident   Fur   Dealers    


PERMITS  AND   TAGS 

Shipping    Permits    1,824 

Beaver    Permits    408 

Beaver    Tags    5,888 

Alien    Gun    Permit    1 


MISCEIaliANEOUS    REVENUE 

Fines     

Confiscated — Sale  of  Guns,    Rods,   etc.. 

Confiscated — Meats   and    Fish    

Game    Farm — Sale    of    Brood    Hens    

Sale — Elk   Study   

Fish    Royalties    

Sale — Fish    Eggs 

Confiscated — Sale    of    Furs 

Sale — Furs,    State    Trappers   

Refunds     


i   2.00 

1.00 

5.00 

3.50 

10.00 

30.00 

30.00 

10.00 


$119,816.00 

25,457.00 

425.00 

8,410.50 

540.00 

1,440.00 

60.00 

850.00 


$156,998.50 

8,540.90 

$148,457.60 

477 

$10.00 

$ 

4,770.00 

395 

1.00 

395.00 

42 

10.00 

420.00 

8 

15.00 

120.00 

3 

3.00 

15.00 

136 

1.00 

136.00 

14 

10.00 

140.00 

9 

25.00 

225.00 

$     6,221.00 


.50 

$ 

912.00 

10.00 

4,080.00 

.50 

2,944.00 

25.00 

25.00 

$ 

7,961.00 

$ 

4,150.20 
321.75 
258.39 
477.62 
1.95 
103.00 

4,977.51 
979.30 
558.50 
192.59 

$ 

12.020.81 

$174,660.41 

42  MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 

Operation  of  Fish  and  Game  Fund 

JiUy  1,  1932  to  June  30,  1933: 

To   balance    in    fund.    July    1,    1932    $   14,715.04 

Plus  transfer  from  bounty   fund   444.50 

To  receipts,  July   1,   1932   to  June   30,  1933..        172,669.74 

$187,829.28 
By   disbursements,    same    period    171,530.60 

$   16,298.68 
Less   transfer  to  bounty  fund  7,500.00 

Balance  in  fund,  June   30,   1933  $     8,798.68 


July   1,   1933  to   June   30,   1934: 

To    balance    in    fund,    July    1,    1933    $     8,798.68 

To  receipts  July  1,   1933  to  June  30,   1934....       174,660.41 


$183,459.09 
By    disbursements    same    period    163,005.94 


$   20,453.15 
Less  transfer  to  bounty  fund   $      7,500.00 


Balance  in  fund,   June  30,   1934   $   12,953.15 


MONTANA    STATE   FISH    AND    GAME    COMMISSION  43 


Disbursements — Analyzed   as   to   Source 

General    Administration 

Ov^^^^ion  j^jy  ^   ^332       j^jy  ^   J933 

June  30,  1933     June  30,  1934 

Salary  of  Game  Warden   

Salary    of    Chief    Deputy    

Salary    of    Office    Employees    

Salary  of  Superintendent  of  Fisheries  

Salary    of    Others    

Postage    

Stationery,  Books  and   Blanks  

Sundry   Office   Supplies  and   Expenses    

Telephone    and    Telegraph 

Freight,    Express    and    Drayage    

Rents    

Auto    Travel    Expense    

Other   Travel   Expense    

Printing    Licenses,    etc 

Official    Bonds    

Legal   Advertising    

Industrial    Accident    Insurance    

Legal     Costs     

Insurance  on  Autos 

General    Expenses    

Refunds    of    Licenses    

Refund    of    Advances    

Total   Operation    

Capital 

Land   and   Land   Improvements   $         ■'^o^'Ia 

Buildings  and  Attached  Fixtures  - 32.40 

Machinery    and    Appliances    $         500.00                1,590.00 

Furniture    and    Fixtures    71.20 

Scientific    Apparatus    7.50 


$   3,100.00 

$   2,408.33 

2,452.50 

1,976.77 

6,068.99 

6,075.00 

3,020.00 

3,000.00 

54.00 

12.40 

1,658.92 

1,552.39 

1,646.73 

674.97 

270.64 

355.96 

708.35 

784.42 

315.42 

335.18 

600.00 

450.00 

1,563.74 

1,270.06 

987.85 

1,363.23 

1,559.14 

1,048.88 

175.00 

228.14 

628.87 

468.50 

455.44 

668.26 

111.90 

1,284.92 

316.34 

63.00 

9.55 

80.00 

103.00 

$  26,349.97 

$  23,556.82 

Total    Capital    $         507.50  $     1,849.35 

Repairs    and    Replacements 

Buildings    and    Attached    Fixtures    $           13.90  $           40.20 

Machinery    and    Appliances 1,268.62  20.22 

Repairs   to   Autos   230.77 

Furniture  and  Fixtures   7.74 


Total    Repairs    and    Replacements    $      1,290.26  $         291.19 


TOTAL    ADMINISTRATION    .$    28,147.73  $   25,697.36 

COMMISSIONERS    EXPENSES 

Per   Diem   of   Commissioners    $      1,150.00  .$         830.00 

Office    Supplies    and    Expenses    22.30 

Travel                       1,345.72  850.54 

Official   Bonds  and   Filing   Fees   10.00  10.00 


Total    Commissioners    Expenses    $     2,528.02  $      1,690.54 

Deputies  and   Special  Deputies 

Salaries   of   Regular   Deputies    $   28,438.35'  $   27,155.50 

Salaries   of   Special   Deputies   8,508.25  12,631.03 

Telephone    and    Telegraph    530.27  528.56 

Travel     3.238.78  3,131.53 

Official    Bonds    160.00  210.00 

Auto     Expenses     13,973.55  15,012.82 

Other    Expenses    69.57  560.89 


Total  Deputies  and  Special  Deputies   Expenses  $  54,918.77         $  59,230.33 


44  MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND   GAME   COMMISSION 

Disbursements —  (Continued) 

July  1,  1932  July  1,1933 

Miscellaneous   Activities                                                                             June  30,  1933  June  30,  1934 

Salaries    of   Hunters   and    Trappers    $         276.71  $     2,415.61 

Installing   Fish   Wheels    79.45 

Bird    and    Deer    Food    997.58  129.28 

Bounties      1,825.00  425.00 

Poison    77.44  83.95 

Miscellaneous     803.36  8.7 1 


Total    Miscellaneous   Activities    $      4,059.54  $     3,062.55 

GAM£    FARM   AT    WARM    SPRINGS 

Operation 

Salaries    and    Wages    $ 

Sundry    Office    Supplies    

Telephone   and   Telegraph    

Freight,    Express    and    Drayage    

Travel    Expenses    

Auto     Expense     

Heta,   Light  and  Water 

Bird    Food    

Hardware    and    Lumber    

Insurance    , 

Distribution   of   Birds  

Other   Expenses    

Total     Operation     

Capital 

Land   and   Land    Improvements   $ 

Buildings   and    Attached    Fixtures    

Machinery    and    Appliances    

Breeding    Stock    

Furniture    and    Fixtures    

Total    Capital    

Repairs   and   Replacements 

Buildings  and  Attached  Fixtures  $ 

Breeding    Stock     

Machinery,  Appliances  and  Autos  

Total    Repairs   and    Replacements   

TOTAL  GAME   FARM   


$ 

5,475.25 
29.20 

$ 

6.138.15 

101.14 

214.02 

96.15 

98.18 

211.39 

564.81 

769.62 

208.11 

263.90 

871.64 

1,561.92 

78.19 

106.67 

87.21 

607.75 

895.62 

492.50 

100.44 

$ 

8.710.13 

$ 

10,261.73 

$ 

130.00 

44.35 

% 

244.96 

8.60 

395.78 

31.20 

$ 

578.73 

$ 

276.16 

$ 

86.59 

$ 

187.23 

511.00 

1.338.00 

87.23 

133.32 

$ 

684.82 

$ 

1,658.55 

$ 

9,973.68 

$ 

12,196.44 

MONTANA   STATE   FISH   AND    GAME    COMMISSION  46 

Fish  Hatchery  Disbursements 

July  1,  1932  to  July  1,  1933  to 
OFEKATIOIT  June  30,  1933     June  30,  1934 

Salaries   and   Wages    

Office   Supplies   and    Expenses    

Travel    

Auto    Expense    

Heat,  Light  and  Power;  Water,   Ice  

Fish    Food    - 

Rents    

Subsistence     

Hardware  and   Sundries  

Insurance    

Hatchery  Supplies    

Distribution   of  Fish   

General    Expenses    


CAPITAI. 

Land   and   Land    Improvements   $     1,224.50 

Buildings    and    Attached    Fixtures    , 

Machinery    and    Appliances    

Hand    Tools    and    Petty    Equipment    

Furniture    and    Fixtures    , 

Rearing    Ponds    

Fish   Screens   and   Traps    


REPAIRS    AND     REFIiACEMENTS 

Land   and   Land   Improvements   

Buildins    and    Attached    Fixtures    $ 

Machinery   and   Appliances   

Hand    Tools   and    Petty    Equipment 

Furniture    and    Fixtures 

A^to    and    Trucks    

Rearing   Ponds    

Fish   Screens   and    Traps 

Boats    and    Motors    


TOTAL. 


$ 

35,263.01 

$ 

31,290.14 

2,403.20 

1.862.36 

1,027.74 

464.53 

5,727.01 

5,474.27 

1,669.89 

1,296.79 

10,751.11 

10,372.40 
226.80 

258.82 

556.57 

771.05 

597.98 

962.02 

127.90 
1,053.63 

1,304.01 

1,558.48 

134.41 

21.36 

$ 

60,272.27 

$ 

54,902.71 

$ 

1,224.50 

$ 

310.63 

5.162.64 

862.30 

445.20 

32.97 

33.15 

38.75 

2.00 

62.98 

1,041.07 
330.48 

$ 

6,967.22 

$ 

2,579.45 

$ 

5.00 

$ 

1,908.14 

742.01 

2,614.59 

248.64 

71.20 

23.78 

21.80 

171.57 

2,190.34 

11.63 

47.64 

229.59 
24.00 

$ 

4,663.37 

$ 

3,646.56 

$ 

71,902.86 

$ 

61,128.72 

\ 


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