Birds of Lewiston-Auburn and vicinity

Smithsonian Institution

SJibraries

~» Alexander Wetmore

1946 Suxth Secretary 19 5%

BIRDS OF LEWISTON-AUBURN
AND VICINITY

CARRIE ELLA MILLER

With an Introduction by

PROFESSOR J. Y. STANTON

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Lewiston Journal Co.
Lewiston, Maine

Copyright, 1918

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Dedication

TO PROFESSOR J. Y. STANTON, WHO HAS BEEN THE
INSPIRATION OF ALL MY BIRD STUDY,
WHOSE SUGGESTION PROMPTED THE
WRITING OF THIS PAMPHLET,

AND WHOSE CRITICISM
HAS BEEN, IN-

VALUABLE.

PREFACE

The object of this pamphlet is to furnish a list of
birds that may be seen in this vicinity if one goes afield
to make the acquaintance of the feathered songsters, and
to give the approximate time of their arrival.

It is not its object to be technical or classical or to
give descriptions, for all have access to books that fur-
nish abundant knowledge of birds. What I offer is a
careful record of personal observations and experiences,
hoping to stimulate a desire in others to learn something
of ornithology from nature, for it can not be satisfac-
torily learned from books alone.

My natural ear is attuned to music, so many of my
remarks will be on the songs of birds, for to me as to
John Burroughs “What is a bird without its song? It
seems to me that I do not know a bird till I have heard
its voice.”

CONTENTS

PAGE
Introduction by Prof. Stanton 7
Foreword 8
Spring Migration 9
With the Birds in Summer 11
Autumnal Migration 13
Winter Birds 15
Land Birds 17
Water Birds 65

Guide to the Arrival of Birds 74.

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Introduction
By
Professor J. Y. Stanton

Many of the inhabitants of Androscoggin County are
greatly interested in its birds. Probably there are more
bird-lovers in it than in any other county of New Eng-
land in proportion to the number of inhabitants. For
this reason alone it is very desirable that we have a cat-
alogue of the birds that may be seen in the county. Since
I knew of no one more capable of making such a cata-
logue than Miss Carrie E. Miller I suggested the idea to
her. In whatever she undertakes Miss Miller is one of
the most energetic and persevering persons with whom I
am acquainted. She has acquired her remarkable famil-
iarity with the birds of this county in the early morning
and late afternoon, for while she has been studying the
birds she has been employed every day as a clerk in one
of our city banks. Miss Miller has been greatly aided in
her favorite pursuit in possessing an ability to distinguish
the notes and songs of birds such as few possess. I ought
to add that there is much more in Miss Miller’s pamphlet
than a mere catalogue of birds.

FOREWORD

During the summer vacation days of my childhood in
the country I became acquainted with the robin, “ground
sparrow,” bobolink, kingbird, “yellow-hammer,” and
cuckoo.

I took my first step in ornithology hearing the hermit
thrush, when studying botany.

After my interest in the hermit thrush there were
other birds I wanted to know. Burroughs says “Take
the first step in ornithology (to me it was hearing the
thrush), and you are ticketed for the whole voyage.
There is a fascination about it quite overpowering,”
understood only by those who have had the experience.
Every walk, every sojourn in camp or at the farm means
so much more, for “the cawing of a crow makes one feel
at home and a new song drowns all care.”

After struggling along for a few years making slow
progress, I had the good fortune to be invited to join the
college class on their walks with Prof. Stanton. Then
observation really began, for under his guidance every
bird student must receive knowledge and inspiration.

For several seasons the experience expressed in Van
Dyke’s poem, “School,” has been mine.

“T put my heart to school

In the woods where veeries sing

And brooks run clear and cool,

In the fields where wild flowers spring.

“And why do you stay so long,

My heart, and where do you roam?’

The answer came with a laugh and a song,—
‘I find this school is home.’ ”

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 9

SPRING MIGRATION

In February, especially after the middle of the
month, we begin to see signs of spring in the bird world.
Chickadees that have left our city feeding stations dur-
ing the severe weather of December and January return
and sing their “phe-be” note interpreted by some one to
say “spring soon.” The tree sparrows have a tiny song
which Chapman says sounds like the tinkling of icicles,
we hear the caw caw of crows flying over, for in Febru-
ary they become more noisy and numerous. A herring
gull is seen sailing over the river and the winter birds
are more in evidence.

About mid-February when horned and prairie horned
larks are seen, we say the first spring migrant has arrived.

In March the tree sparrow changes his song to the
sweetest warble that reminds me of the beginning of a
song sparrow’s but much lighter. Another song of his
makes me wonder if a canary has commenced to sing.

During the winter we have heard the sweet call notes
of redpolls, goldfinches, grosbeaks and chickadees, but
this song of the tree sparrow seems to me to be the first
spring singing. It always reminds me of a sunshiny,
frosty morning in March when I heard them for the first
time as they flocked about a feeding station near the
Androscoggin river—south of Riverside Cemetery. If
one is where the chickadees are, either in the woods or at
some feeding place, he will hear the most delightful
warbling song in March that has no quality of “dee-dee-
dee’ in it. Twice I have heard it, once in a shrub near
one of the city streets and once in the deep woods. Pur-
ple finches may also be seen, probably some who have
wintered near, and on the trees about the city a wood-

10 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

pecker’s “tap, tap,” or a nuthatch’s “yank, yank,” is heard.
The sparrow hawk, followed immediately by bluebirds,
robins and blackbirds arrives and soon, perhaps the next
day, song sparrows, juncos, meadowlarks and fox spar-
rows are seen. ‘Then every bird lover gets busy, for one
must go out in the morning for best results.

Those first spring morning choruses after the silence
of winter are as H. K. Job says “the symphony of
Nature, a grander one than even the immortal Beethoven
could devise.”

In April the last winter birds go north. During the
warm days of this month there will be migrations, then
long cold spells which retard the passage of the birds,
but May keeps us busy all the favorable days and we
see the last migrants arrive either to live with us or to
pass on to summer homes in the North by the first week
in June, if the season is normal.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn II

WITH THE BIRDS IN SUMMER

By early June the migrants have come and gone.
Then I enjoy trips to the country for Burroughs says
“June of all the months the student of ornithology can
least afford to lose. Most birds are nesting then and in
full song and plumage.’ When the excitement of the
migration is over in the residential sections of the city, a
June walk in the suburbs where many birds are house-
keeping is very enjoyable.

June is the time when I most enjoy the evening songs
and the morning chorus, for it is the month of long days.
The robin awakes the world as early as three o’clock
with his clarion notes and the hermit sings his vesper
hymn as late as eight o’clock.

How the bird lover delights in those sunsets and
those evenings of song that may be experienced on the
nesting ground of the feathered musicians! As dark-
ness creeps on and the stars come out, the last strains of
a white-throat, field sparrow, robin, veery and hermit
are heard and the whippoorwill begins his even-song.
Such experiences give one as Burroughs says “that
serene exaltation of sentiment of which music, literature
and religion are but the faint types and symbols.”

As Audubon expresses it, when day breaks, how
delightful it is to see fair Nature open her graceful eye-
lids, and present herself arrayed in all that is richest and
purest before her Creator!

When daylight is coming on a nighthawk flies over the
sleeping wood with his call as if his duty were to arouse
the sleepers, the whippoorwill awakes from one of his
intermittent naps to give the world his last strains of
“whip-poor-will.’ Soon robins, hermits, martins, spar-

12 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

rows and swallows pour forth their songs till the full
chorus of feathered musicians fills the June air.

As most warblers rear but one brood, before June is
over, their young being strong on the wing, they begin
to ramble and the afternoon chorus diminishes slightly.
The singing continues through the first week in July,
then grows gradually less. By the first of August the
bird-lover’s year is rapidly waning. Warblers are
beginning to move south, water birds are returning from
farther north, bobolinks no longer sing “Robert of Lin-
coln spink-spank-spink” and have changed their nuptial
dress for the humble garb of the female.

Little is heard but the wood pewee’s pensive notes
and the monotony of the red-eyed vireo. Field and song
sparrows are still in tune, orioles burst forth with an
occasional song, the meadowlark whistles rarely, cat-
birds practice a little, the “laughing” notes of the robiu
are heard more than the spring song, goldfinches have
become numerous and break out in canary-like songs
and the bluebirds sing their “dearie” or “far away” notes
with an occasional strain of the spring song.

The swallows and flycatchers, especially kingbirds,
hold carnival with the flies and insects that fill the air
and the songs are heard less and less frequently. No
morning chorus greets our ear.

We come to the season when

“They steal away, give little warning,
Choose their own time;

Say not good night,—but in May’s brighter clime
Bid us good-morning.”

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 12

AUTUMNAL MIGRATION

During the autumn the bird student finds observation
difficult because there are many immature birds and
some mature ones have changed their bright spring
plumage for quiet tones; the foliage is very thick and
the birds sing much less.

However I find the pursuit interesting for one almost
feels a new specimen is discovered when a blackpoll
warbler is seen dressed in green, black and yellow.

Also there are many surprises in song, especially
among the young birds who are getting their voices in
tune. To me it seems like the birds’ playtime for, family
cares being over, they coo to themselves in such con-
tented little gems of song. Especially is this true of
the white-throated sparrows whose cooing seems more
choice than the spring singing, for one needs a reserved
seat to hear it.

Sometimes a bird gives a strain of the spring song
but more often the music is so different one goes on the
hunt for a new specimen only to find a familiar bird
with an unfamiliar tune. The first harbinger of fall is
the bobolink’s change of plumage from black, white and
yellow to the modest yellowish gray of the female dur-
ing the first of August. We learned in the waning sum-
mer that by mid-August there are several reminders that
autumn approaches. Water birds begin to move south-
ward and a stray migrant warbler or kinglet may be
seen. On our walks we miss the spring chorus, birds
are numerous, the telegraph wires are covered with swal-
lows, the grass is full of chipping sparrows, robins fly
hither and thither, bluebirds are plentiful, but all except
the swallows are comparatively silent.

14 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

The migration really begins the last days of August
and the first of September when the “chink chink” of the
bobolink is heard as he flies to the rice fields of the
South and the air is full of the twittering of the migrat-
ing swallows.

Chickadees, nuthatches and woodpeckers are heard
near the city and if one is out in the evening there are
tiny notes in the air indicating migration. The fly-
catchers, most warblers and other insect-eating birds
migrate in September.

During this month blue jays are heard more, thrushes
that have nested north return, hawks are more in evi-
dence and purple finches are abundant. October sees
white-threated sparrows, myrtle warblers and juncos
arrive in flocks. Sparrows and finches migrate, late
warblers and kinglets return. Suddenly they all disap-
pear and after the middle of October few are seen but
juncos and white-throats. The fox sparrow comes and
goes, blackbirds leave and when we see the large hawks
flying south we know the bluebirds, robins, white
throats and juncos will soon depart and we must say
“good bye to summer.”

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 15

WINTER BIRDS

What a pleasure that some birds revel in cold
weather, for they cheer our walks, and our homes if we
have feeding stations.

The flash of white from a flock of redpolls on a
cloudy day, the color scheme of yellow, black and white
of evening grosbeaks as they fly about our box elders
along the city streets or are visitors at some feeding sta-
tion, the carmine red of the pine grosbeaks as they feed
over our heads in the pines towering above a mantle of
snow, the blue and white of the blue jay as he flies
across the winter fields are a surprise, delight and
reward of winter rambles.

What is more exhilarating than a flock of snow bunt-
ings so happy in a storm making us wonder if a bit of
the Arctic world has come to us. The bird-lover never
enjoys the chickadee so much as in the winter for he is
so social and friendly, feeding from our hands if we will
have a little patience.

To hear the sweet call-note of many of the winter
birds makes us take notice that life still exists over the
sleeping world.

Occasionally a tree sparrow, Arctic three-toed wood-
pecker and goshawks are seen in late September and
early October, but most winter birds arrive from the
North during November. Much depends on the tem-
perature and food conditions whether or not many are
seen. The winter of 1916-17 was favorable and I saw
the winter birds during the winter months instead of in
late fall, or early spring when they were migrating
north.

There are two classes of winter birds, those that come

16 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

from the North in late autumn and return in March or
April and those which are permanent residents.

To the former class belong the brown creeper, snow
bunting, Hudsonian chickadee (rare), American gos-
hawk, evening and pine grosbeak, redpoll, northern
shrike, pine siskin, tree sparrow, Arctic three-toed wood-
pecker and if one is in the woods golden-crowned
kinglet. To the latter class belong the black-capped
chickadee, goldfinch, blue jay, junco, red and white
breasted nuthatches, ruffed grouse (partridge), downy
woodpecker, seen near the city more than any other
species, hairy woodpecker, pileated woodpecker, where
the remnants of wooded districts are left, and some of
the owls. Crossbills, purple finches and cedar waxwings
belong to the erratic class and may be seen. Crows
migrate to the coast but are seen inland during the win-
ter months. The same is true of herring gulls and
sheldrakes if there is open water; also shore larks may
be seen. Some bold or careless individuals of our sum-
mer birds have been known to remain or return in actual
winter. This accounts for an occasional robin, song and
white-throated sparrow, hawk and meadowlark being
seen.

A great delight of the winter is to visit at one of our
feeding stations. Flocks of redpolls, tree sparrows,
chickadees, snow buntings, goldfinches and individuals
of other winter birds feed so contentedly under the win-
dows of four of my friends, giving life to an otherwise
cheerless day. If the winter has been so severe that the
birds have left our city feeding stations, we know when
they return in February that they hear the call of spring.

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Prof. Stanton on a “bird-walk’’ at Lake Auburn

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 17

LAND BIRDS

ORDER PERCHING BIRDS
FAMILY THRUSHES

1. *(766) BLUEBIRD

A summer resident, quite common. A party of us
saw one March 7, 1915, but the regular time of arrival is
about March 20. It remains till the first of November and
stragglers are seen even later. The bluebird is a good
fighter. It spends much time peeping here and there for
nesting places. Two broods are reared. While the robin’s
spring note is the first for the city, the bluebird is usually
seen a morning or two earlier in the country. Its note is
a welcome sound on that March morning when the “earth
tinge on his breast and the sky tinge on his back” give us
the first color of spring as he flies from “post to post.”
That rich contralto warble often heard in the air before
the bird is seen, is associated with early spring. Bur-
roughs says its song expresses love. After it changes the
first love song to one of only three notes, the “de-a-rie”’ is
poured forth with that richness of quality peculiar to the
bluebird. About April 20 it settles down to housekeep-
ing and the song is heard less. In the autumn its notes
have that sweet plaintiveness quite in keeping with the
season.

2. (761) AMERICAN ROBIN

A very abundant summer resident. Not all that are
seen during the spring migration remain. Some go
farther north for the summer and reappear on their way
south in the autumn. It arrives from the 18th to 27th

*The numbers in parentheses are taken from the Check-List of
the American Ornithologists’ Union.

18 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

of March and departs the last of October, though strag-
glers may be seen later, occasionally in the winter. April
3, 1917, a pair commenced building a nest on a porch of
one of the houses near the city. Two or three broods are
reared each season.

I do not know as it is universal, but in many cases the
males go every night to roosting places and as soon as a
brood can fly they take the young to these roosts.

Burroughs says there is something military in the
robin’s song. Its first spring note in March awakes us
to the realization that spring is here. Because of its dem-
ocratic and neighborly ways the robin’s note is known to
every one. Probably most of us remember learning from
a mother the joy of that early spring song.

In midsummer it loses its loquacity, but even into
autumn bursts forth now and then with the familiar strain.
In October I have heard a flock uttering their “laughing”
song, a “cheery call full of joy and vivacity” as they fed
on the mountain ash berries as if it were their last play
time before leaving for the south.

The name was given by the Pilgrims. After the ter-
rible winter of 1620-21 these “red-breasted” birds
appeared at Plymouth reminding the people so much of
the English robin that they called them robins. From
that day till now this thrush has been called the Ameri-
can Robin.

3. (759b) HERMIT THRUSH

During my student days when gathering botany speci-
mens a sweet, solitary song was heard as the evening
shadows fell. I kept wondering what bird I enjoyed so
much till a friend well versed in ornithology told me it
was the Hermit Thrush, and there began my bird-study.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 19

A summer resident. Although it sometimes nests near
the city, we must go to the woodland for its real home.
The earliest date of arrival that I have is April 16. By
the 19th we expect to hear their song if the weather is
mild. In September individuals begin to migrate from
farther north and depart by the first of November, my
latest date being November 1.

This most exquisite of songsters keeps in tune till
about August 12, which indicates the rearing of two
broods. The last time I listened to the thrush was
August 14, 1917, as we walked through an evergreen
growth. It was nearly sunset and no other song was
heard. The spirituality of its tones affected me as
always, for almost unconsciously I was walking through
the wood with bowed head.

One morning in early June as my sister and I were on
our way to friends who live near a woodsy place, we heard
a hermit singing. After searching we were surprised to
see one perched on a trolley wire. We stood entranced
when we saw him so near and there we watched and
listened. He sang in the contralto register, then in the
mezzo, and finally in that register so high that one must be
near to catch it.

How my whole being was thrilled, for he sang to me
as Burroughs says “Oh spheral, spheral! O holy, holy!”
I had had my spiritual uplift for the day. The impres-
sion made on me that he sang to his Maker has been
expressed by Van Dyke: “A hermit-hymn poured out
for God to hear!”

Another impression that he was singing to his mate
is expressed in the same poem: .

“Little love, too, forever, ever near,
Warm love, earth love, tender love of mine,

In the leafy dark where you hide,
You are mine—mine—mine!”

20 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

He certainly sang for no applause, for on seeing us
he flew to the ground uttering that harsh “peet,” his note
of alarm.

He has several other call-notes, some of which seem
too harsh for so sweet a singer.

The vesper hymn of the hermit is the last song of the
day and in mid-summer, when the robin has lost some of
its exuberance, it “opens the matutinal chorus” at early
dawn.

Mathews says: “One must hear the melody in order
to fully appreciate its subtle beauty; the song is charm-
ing because of its spirituality of tone and its depth of
expression.”

4. (75842) OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH

A migrant; not common. The earliest date of arrival
that I have is May 19. It stops a few days or a week,
then goes farther north. In autumn it reappears from
the middle of September to the first of October on
its way south. I have seen one September 16 and one
was found nearly dead October 16. It has been known
to nest in this vicinity. Its song “sweet, clear and
liquid” is a combination of the hermit’s and veery’s.
During the migration of I915 we were privileged to hear
the song.

5. (756) WILSON’S THRUSH; VEERY

A common summer resident. Arrives early in May,
the first date I have is May 12, but it has been reported
earlier. It is never much in evidence till after the middle
of the month as no song is heard till the birds have been
here a few days. The song period practically ends the
last of July. I have never seen this thrush after Septem-
ber 20, but it has been reported later. According to Chap-

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 21

man, the song represents the word vee-ry repeated several
times around a series of intertwining circles.

Van Dyke was evidently a great admirer of the veery
for in 1895 he wrote the following poem:

The moonbeams over Arno’s vale in silver flood were pouring,
When first I heard the nightingale a long-lost love deploring:
So passionate, so full of pain, it sounded strange and eerie,

I longed to hear a simpler strain, the wood-notes of the veery.

The laverock sings a bonny lay, above the Scottish heather,

It sprinkles from the dome of day like light and love together;
He drops the golden notes to greet his brooding mate, his dearie;
I only know one song more sweet, the vespers of the veery.

In English gardens green and bright, and rich in fruity treasure,
I’ve heard the blackbird with delight repeat his merry measure;
The ballad was a lively one, the tune was loud and cheery,
And yet with every setting sun I listened for the veery.

O far away, and far away, the tawny thrush is singing,

New England woods at close of day with that clear chant are
ringing ;

And when my light of life is low, and heart and flesh are weary,

- I fain would hear, before I go, the wood-notes of the veery.

—Henry Van Dyke.

When I read this poem I feel that Van Dyke could
never have known the song of the hermit thrush as we
hear it in its nesting places.

6. (755) WOOD THRUSH

Extremely rare; apparently only an accidental visitor.
I have never seen this species but during some spring
migrations it has been seen in the country by reliable
observers. Its regular place of nesting is south of Maine.

22 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

FAMILY KINGLETS

%. (749) RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET

Abundant during the spring and autumn migration.
April 17 is my earliest date of spring arrival, but it has
been reported earlier. It is seen for nearly a month before
proceeding farther north. Returns the last of September
and is quite plentiful during the middle of October. My
latest date of seeing one is November 1. Chapman says
its song is mellow and flute-like, “loud enough to be heard
several yards; an intricate warble past imitation or
description and rendered so admirably that I never hear
it now without feeling an impulse to applaud.” Audubon
first met this bird in Labrador. After a specimen had
been taken and he held it in his hand he exclaimed “And
so this is the tiny body of the songster from which came
the loud notes I heard!” He writes of its canary-like
notes that are more beautiful than those of the canary.
I never watch the tiny singer but I think what a wonder-
ful throat he has to pour forth such beautiful music. Its
song may be heard in the autumn.

8. (748) GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET

A spring and autumn migrant. It arrives the same as
the preceding species but does not tarry so long before
going north. Occasionally one is seen in the deep woods
in winter sometimes in the company of chickadees. In
the autumn it is most in evidence during October. My
latest date of observation is November It.

The song is insignificant.

FAMILY TITS

9. (740) HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE
A rare accidental fall and winter visitant from the
north. I saw one October 29, 1916, and others were seen

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 23

about that time. It had been reported one year before.
Its song is much like the “black cap” only more “babyish.”

10. (735) BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE

A permanent resident. In September they leave the
woods and their familiar notes may be heard in our
orchards and gardens near the city, where a few are seen
all winter except in extremely cold weather. In Febru-
ary we hear their sweet phe-be (this note may be heard
in all the winter months if the weather is mild) remind-
ing us spring is coming. Later they return to the woods
for the summer.

“Thy call in spring,
As ’twould accost some frivolous wing,
Crying out of the hazel copse, Phe-be!
And in winter, Chic-a-dee-dee !
—Emerson.

In March and even later a beautiful warble song may
be heard. Our most common winter bird, renowned for
its sociability, for when we are in the woods it always
sings for us. It frequently comes to our homes and feeds
from our hands. After a ramble through the pines in late
November with a literary friend, she described the chick-
adees in a nature editorial as making “music like some-
body rubbing a finger over a fine silver wire.”

It is to be presumed in the case of birds called perma-
ment residents that they are not represented by the same
individuals the entire year as many of our summer resi-
dents go south while others come here from the north for
the winter. .
* FAMILY NUTHATCHES
11. (728) RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH

A permanent resident; more abundant in the spring
and in autumn. During the vernal migration it is more in

24 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

evidence in early May. In September it leaves the
wood and we hear the “yank yank” in our gardens and
trees along the city streets.

12. (727) WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH

Resident all the year; most common in autumn. In
the spring I see it in May, but October is the month asso-
ciated with this nuthatch, for 1 am reminded of the first
time I met with it. One crisp, sunshiny October morning
we saw that blue, gray and white color scheme running
down a tree trunk at the entrance of Riverside Cemetery
and it followed us with its “yank yank” to the bridge over
the railroad.

FAMILY CREEPERS

13. (726) BROWN CREEPER

A spring and autumn migrant ; may be seen during the
winter. Arrives April 10 and after. Some years quite
common and seen till the last of May. It returns in late
September (once I saw one in August) and disappears by
November. A party of us saw and heard one at River-
side Cemetery January 24, 1915. The song is a fine svg.
In spring a tiny warble is sometimes added.

FAMILY WRENS

14. (722) WINTER WREN

A rare migrant. Seen in the vernal migration from
the middle to last of April and in autumn during October
and November. My fall date is October 6 and I heard
one sing April 29. The song is one of the most brilliant
and surprising of all our songsters. Wilcox says it is
“exquisite and brilliant, one of the rarest of our sylvan
melodies.” There is a quality that reminds me of the song
of the ruby-crowned kinglet and also of a sylvan strain
of the Canadian warbler.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

i)
Loa

15. (721) HOUSE WREN

A summer resident. Usually arrives about the mid-
dle of May.

It has been a very irregular resident in this locality.
Some years ago they were here, then followed several
seasons when none were seen. As birds return to the same
locality, we could explain their absence from Lewiston
only in one way, that ours were lost in their migration.
In the summers of 1914-15-16 a few pairs nested either
in Lewiston or Auburn. During the summer of 1917 the
song of several house wrens was one of the pleasures of
bird-lovers. We hope they will continue to visit us for a
house wren in the garden, the good fortune of one of
my friends, is a great delight. The interpretation by one
of our devoted bird-lovers of the song of the wren was
that its throat bubbled over with music. One May morn-
ing we heard just such a song and following the sound
had our introduction to a house wren. It has also a
scolding note. I have heard one singing as late as Sep-
tember 14, but the regular song period closes the latter
part of August. Two broods are reared. The latest |
have seen this species is September 16, although it has
been reported later.

FAMILY THRASHERS AND MOCKINGBIRDS
16. (705) BROWN THRASHER

A common summer resident. The earliest date of
arrival I have is April 27. It remains into September, my
latest date being September 12, but it has been reported
as late as September 30. Its song is “loud, rich and won-
derfully varied,” said to consist of twenty-two distinct
phrases. Audubon says it “mounts the topmost twig of
a detached tree” where it will sing for hours at a time,

26 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

“several cadences, all so full of sweetness and melody.”
While the song period ends the last of July another bird-
lover and I were surprised to hear one sing August 31,
1916, as we enjoyed an early morning walk.

“He sings each song twice over

Lest you should think he never could recapture
That first fine careless rapture!”

17. (704) CATBIRD

A common summer resident. My earliest date of
its arrival is May 9: a few days later is when we usually
expect it. The latest I have seen this species is October Io.
It is the only mockingbird in the north. Sometimes it is
difficult to distinguish the song from that of the brown
thrasher, yet, if one stops to listen closely, he will discover
that the catbird’s song is less varied. It pours forth its
music from a lower limb on a bush. I have heard one
sing in the night. Its name is from the call-note resem-
bling the mew of acat. The song is heard less frequently
after the last of July.

18. (703) MOCKINGBIRD

I have never seen a Mockingbird, but one was in the
city during a winter. It was observed taking spiders
from their nests under the eaves of one of the houses.
There was a mystery where it could have come from as
its feathers or plumage showed no signs of having been
kept in a cage.

One was about Portland during the winter of 1917.

FAMILY TITLARKS
19. (697) AMERICAN PIPIT; TITLARK
A rare migrant usually seen in the autumn near and
on plowed ground from the last of September to the first
of November. My only date is October 21, 1917.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn a7

FAMILY WARBLERS

(PROPERLY WOOD-WARBLERS)

20. (687) AMERICAN REDSTART

A very common summer resident. May 9g is the
earliest I have seen this species and it remains into Sep-
tember. I heard one sing September 4 and saw a few
September 14. Blanchan’s interpretation of the song is
“Zee-see-zect!” Sometimes I have heard a warble song.

21. (686) CANADIAN WARBLER

A fairly common migrant; occasionally nests in this
neighborhood. Arrives the middle of May (May 19 the
earliest date I have recorded) and may be found for two
weeks. If the season is backward I have seen this war-
bler migrating the first week in June. Its autumnal flight
is early—the last of August or first of September. One
of my most interesting experiences with the songs of
birds was during an afternoon in May. As we walked
along a country road, we heard a most beautiful song in
a brush heap. I went through tangle and underbrush to
reach the spot but found no bird. Silently it had stolen
away. But I must know what bird could sing like that,
and a few days later a party of us went to the bird re-
treat. We had scarcely reached the place when that jubi-
lant outburst of sylvan melody greeted our ears, so
like a canary but more beautiful and as Chapman
says, sweet, loud and spirited. One member of the
party crawled cautiously down over old tree trunks,
undergrowth and damp places. Soon I caught a glimpse
in a nearby tree of the necklace of a Canadian warbler
singing the song familiar to me. This gave a suggestion
and I passed the word along. Soon the reply came back,
“Yes, it’s the Canadian for I saw the gray back as the bird

28 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

sang.” What a victory we had achieved on this ramble
only those who have had the experience can know!

I hear this warbler’s song into August which is later
than most sing.

22. (685) WILSON’S WARBLER

A migrant, some years very rare and some years quite
a few are seen from about May 20 till the first of June.
One year I saw it as late as June 11. One of the first
warblers to return from the north during the autumnal
migration. It is seldom seen later than the first of Sep-
tember. Hoffman says its song suggests that of the Yel-
low Warbler; “it is briefer, less lively, and ends in some
rapidly delivered notes.” A very restless little bird, diffi-
cult to observe.

23. (681) MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT

A common summer resident. Sometimes seen the
first of May but the usual time of arrival is the middle of
the month. It remains till the latter part of September,
my latest date of seeing one being September 30. I have
heard its “witchity-witchity-witchity’ till into August.
In the autumn I have seen this species on dry places under
trees. It is one of the warblers that rears two broods
and generally nests on the ground, using the coarsest
material of any warbler.

24. (679) MOURNING WARBLER

A very rare migrant. I saw one June 24, 1917, in the
southerly part of Turner. Whether its being there at
that time indicated that it was nesting or had been left
behind, I am unable to say. It is reported by one bird
observer to be here with the warbler migration arriving
from the middle to the last of May.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 29

25. (678) CONNECTICUT WARBLER

I have never seen this warbler but reliable observers
have reported it mostly during the autumnal migration in
September. Possibly it may be found in the vernal
migration.

26. (675) WATER-THRUSH; WATER WAGTAIL

A rather rare migrant. It arrives the first of May
(May 5 my earliest date) and departs in September.
Knight reports seeing it as late as September 25. I have
found it nesting in the southern part of Turner where |
always hear a loud, clear, rollicking warble near a brook,
louder than any other bird song in that location. The
bird is seldom seen but I hear the song as late as the first
of August. It is a walker, wading in shallow water and
constantly wagging its tail. Nearly every spring some
bird-student sees one at Jepson’s brook in Riverside Cem-
etery, but its stay in this vicinity is always brief.

27. (674) OVEN-BIRD; GOLDEN-CROWNED THRUSH

A somewhat common summer resident. May 9 and
September 17 are the earliest and latest dates that I have
observed one, but it has been reported later in the autumn.

It usually sings from a high limb. At other times it
may be seen walking over dry leaves or along some low
limb. The song ceases the latter part of July.

Its loud song, Teacher, TEACHER, TEACHER,
reminds me of a perfect crescendo. One morning we
heard an oven-bird sing teacher and instead of completing
the crescendo sing such a lovely strain that others of the
party declared it was the purple finch. A few days later
my nephew asked what bird it was that began its song
like the oven-bird but ended it differently. His question
set me investigating. I found Burroughs called it his love

30 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

song. Chapman says, “If there be such a thing as inspir-
ation I believe the oven-bird sings under its influence,” and
quotes Mr. Bicknell, “he bursts forth with a wild outpour-
ing of intricate and melodious song,’ the very force of
which carries him up into the air among the tree tops.
This was the song we heard that spring morning though it
is usually sung at evening.

28. (672a) YELLOW-PALM WARBLER; YELLOW RED-
POLL

A migrant; some years very common. Our first war-
bler to arrive in the vernal migration and the last, except-
ing a few myrtles, to leave inthe autumn. It may be seen
from April 12 to the first of May. It reappears in the
autumn from the last of September to the last of October,
my latest date being October 28. It seldom sings in
migration but one spring we were favored with a few
trills and a warble at the end of the tiny song.

29. (671) PINE WARBLER; PINE CREEPING WAR-
BLER

A somewhat common summer resident. Arrives just
after mid-April, my earliest record being April 19. Usu-
ally the second warbler to be seen during the spring
migration. It is found mostly in pine trees where it sings
those trills so much like the Chipping Sparrow. During
the first days after arrival, it may be found on the ground
and creeping over tree trunks. I have seen one as late
as October 5, but the greater number migrate in Septem-
ber. It sings less towards the last of July, but 1 have
heard the song in mid-September.

30. (667) BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER
A summer resident in evergreen growth; more abund-
ant in the spring and autumn migrations. Arrives early

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn i

in May, the earliest I have seen one being May 7. It is
quite numerous till after the middle of the month and I
have seen it on David’s Mountain the first of June. In
September it is much in evidence again. My latest date
of seeing one is October Io.

Its song is a drawling, wheezy tone with a musical note
in the middle of the strain. When I hear its pastoral
music, I feel like saying, the oboe of the sylvan orchestra.

As most warblers rear but one brood the song period
is brief and by the last of June there is a change in their
songs and family life, but this species is one of the war-
blers that sings well into the summer.

31. (662) BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER

A somewhat rare migrant; occasionally nests in this
locality. I saw one just north of Lake Auburn in nest-
ing time. My record gives the earliest date of arrival as
May 19, but it has been reported earlier. The cold spring
of 1917 none were seen till the last days of May, so that
I saw one on David’s Mountain that year as late as June 7.
From my observation this warbler enjoys the tip end of
an evergreen tree. One of the most interesting sights
was this color scheme of black, white and grey on the back
and the beautiful orange of the throat, performing acro-
batic feats on the tiptop of a spruce. The declining
June sun shining on bird and tree made a good subject
for an artist.

32. (661) BLACK-POLL WARBLER

A somewhat common migrant. The last warbler to
arrive during the vernal migration. It may be seen after
May 20, but is more numerous the last days of May and
first of June. About the middle of September flocks of
these warblers reappear in changed plumage of greenish

32 | Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

streaked with black above and yellowish underneath.
They usually leave by the last of September, my latest
date being September 28. The song is an insignificant
metallic tsee, tsee.

33. (660) BAY-BREASTED WARBLER

A rare migrant; more common in 1916 and 1917. It
arrives the last of May, my earliest record being May 26,
but it has been seen earlier. In the autumn it may be
found during September. A reliable observer saw one
in Riverside Cemetery August 13, 1916, indicating an
early move southward. To an enthusiastic bird-student
nothing is so alluring as the quest for a rare bird. There
is no rest for the eager pursuer till the bird is seen. This
was my experience with the Bay-breasted Warbler till the
spring migration of 1915 when the pursuit was ended.

34. (659) CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER

A summer resident arriving about the middle of May.
It departs in September, my latest date being September
14. It has more varied songs than any other warbler
I have heard. One bird-lover has verified Mathew’s
interpretation, “I wish to see Miss Beecher.” Its
most common song begins like the yellow warbler and
ends like the redstart. Their yellow crown patch, “snowy

bosoms and pretty chestnut lacings’”’ are a cheerful sight.

35. (657) MAGNOLIA WARBLER; BLACK AND YEL-
LOW WARBLER

This beautiful warbler is a migrant with us seen chiefly
during the spring migration. It occasionally nests in this
vicinity. I have seen one as early as May 9g but the usual
time of arrival is about the 20th and after. I have never
found one during the autumnal flight, but Knight reports

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 33

it as leaving in September. It has a warble song in
early spring, but later the note is more like the sound of
an insect.
36. (655) MYRTLE WARBLER; YELLOW-RUMPED
WARBLER

Our most common warbler during the spring and
autumn migrations. A few nest here. It may be seen
any time during the last week in April. In the autumn
it reappears in flocks by mid-September. It is now in
fall plumage, the principal marking being the yellow
rump. It is the last warbler to migrate south, October 28
being my latest date. According to Knight a few have
been seen along the coast during the winter months. In
late November Professor Baird went to the lighthouse at
Cape May to observe the migration. In the morning
after a severe storm several hundred of these warblers
were found dead.

The bird has several songs that keep the observer on
the alert.

37. (654) BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER

A fairly common migrant. I saw one as early as May
Q but it is more in evidence later. A few may be seen
till the last of the month.

The latest I have seen this warbler is September 6.

The song is “one of the most languid and unhurried
sounds in all the woods.” The resemblance to the dron-
ing of bees was impressed on me one beautiful June
morning as I watched one on David’s Mountain fly from
low bush to low bush in the morning sunshine, all the
time singing its characteristic hoarse song.

38. (652) YELLOW WARBLER; SUMMER YELLOWBIRD
A very common summer resident. Arrives first of
May unless delayed as in the cold spring of 1917. Its

34 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

“golden little body’? may be seen fluttering through the
shrubs and trees about our streets and homes which it
enlivens with its familiar notes. It also frequents the
shrubbery in wet places. I heard one sing as late as Sep-
tember 23 which was either a second song or a young
male trying his voice. Nearly all have migrated before
October.

39. (650) CAPE MAY WARBLER

An extremely rare migrant. May 27, 1916, I saw one
and the college class saw a pair. A few were seen in
IQ17, so it may become more common.

40. (648a) NORTHERN PARULA WARBLER

Chiefly a common migrant. Arrives the first of
May (May 7 my earliest date) and tarries two weeks.
Occasionally one is seen the last of the month. Its nest
made in usnea is found in swampy places, Sabattus Pond
being a favorite spot. It begins to move southward the
last of August and many are seen from the middle to the
last of September.

41. (647) TENNESSEE WARBLER
A migrant that has become quite common in the spring

migration. It usually arrives the last of May, but is occa-
sionally reported earlier. It has been remarked as a very
rare occurrence for birds of like genus to resemble each
other so nearly in song as does this warbler and the Nash-
ville. Reed calls it “a simple ditty similar to that of the
Chipping Sparrow.” It has been known to nest in this
locality.
42. (645) NASHVILLE WARBLER

A somewhat common summer resident. The earliest
I have seen this warbler is May 7. One was in Auburn
September 25, 1917, probably about the last to migrate.

Its song resembles that of the yellow warbler.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 35

43. (636) BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER

A common summer resident arriving the last of April.
Its song reminds me of the “filing tone” of a saw. I
have seen one as late as September 16 and it has been
reported the last of September.

FAMILY VIREOS
44. (629) BLUE-HEADED VIREO; SOLITARY VIREO
OR GREENLET

A migrant; not very common. It has been known to
nest in this neighborhood. It is the first vireo to arrive
during the vernal migration, the earliest date I have being
May 6. The song has some quality of the Red-eye but is
more varied and musical. I hear this vireo in nesting time
at South Turner. In the autumn I have seen it migrating
from the middle of September to October 7.

45. (628) YELLOW-THROATED VIREO OR GREENLET

A somewhat common summer resident. Arrives early
in May (my earliest date May 9).

Sometimes its harsh note is heard in the shade trees
along the street as well as in the open wood. WCoues
says “‘The hanging basket in which the Greenlet cradles
its hopes is one of the most beautiful of the pensile
structures which birds of this family fabricate, being ele-
gantly stuccoed with lichens, like a Humming-bird’s.” It
has a beautiful fringe of birch bark. I have heard the
song as late as September 12 and the latest I have seen the
bird is September 14.

46. (627) WARBLING VIREO OR GREENLET

A rather common summer resident in the elm trees
along the city streets. Coues describes them as “gentle,
silvery-tongued creatures.” Its song is a true warble

36 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

varying but little through the day. It is easily confused
with that of the purple finch but is less varied and not so
rich in quality. It arrives early in May, my earliest record
being May 9, but it is more common a few days later.

I heard one sing September 18 which was its second
song just before departing.

47. (626) PHILADELPHIA VIREO OR GREENLET

I have never seen this vireo, for it is an extremely rare
summer resident. One of our best authorities on birds
has discovered it nesting here and has also heard its song.

48. (624) RED-EYED VIREO OR GREENLET

A very common summer resident. The last of the
family to arrive. Usually seen the latter part of May,
but one year it was observed May 1g. It is found in
every piece of high, open woods. Its song is heard day
after day in the shade trees. All day and all summer it
repeats over and over the same few notes. I have heard
the song as late as September 10. A bird lover who keeps
a back yard list saw it on her lawn after the middle of
September, 1917.

FAMILY SHRIKES

49. (622e) MIGRANT SHRIKE

According to the A. O. U. check list the Loggerhead
Shrike is found in the south and the one that is here in
the summer is the Migrant. A rather rare summer resi-
dent ; smaller than the following species. Hoffman says
the Northern Shrike is here between October and April,
consequently it is safe to call one seen in other months the
Migrant. It builds a large and conspicuous nest. The
spring I saw it we were favored with a few musical
strains, but its call-notes are harsh.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 37

50. (621) NORTHERN SHRIKE; BUTCHER BIRD

A winter resident; not common. It arrives from the
north during October and returns the first of April.
Occasionally it sings even in the winter, but more often
in February and March a medley of harsh calls inter-
spersed with some sweet notes suggesting the song of the
Catbird. It perches on the top of some tree or bush.
Nuttall speaks of its mimicking other birds so that in
some parts of New England it has been called a Mocking-
bird. He also heard one “employed in a low and soft
warble” and one of our bird-lovers has heard this per-
formance in the trees near her home as well as the notes
resembling the Catbird’s song. April 5, 1917, I heard one
mimicking grackles. Its usual note is harsh and grating.

FAMILY WAXWINGS

51. (619) CEDAR WAXWING; CHERRY BIRD

A summer resident. Occasionally a few are seen in
the winter or early spring. The migrants arrive the last
of May. The earliest date I have is May 20. It nests
one of the latest of our summer residents, the latter part
of June or first of July, and often rears two broods. The
song is a lisping note. October 9, 1917, I saw a small
flock evidently preparing to go south.

FAMILY SWALLOWS

52. (616) BANK SWALLOW

A very abundant summer resident where there are
sand banks. It has been reported at Lake Auburn as
early as April 19, but I never see it at the nesting places
near Riverside Cemetery till the first of May. In August
it gathers with other swallows at roosting places and
departs the first of September.

38 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

53. (614) TREE SWALLOW; WHITE-BELLIED SWAL-
LOW

A summer resident; the first of the family to come.
It may be seen the middle of April and departs in Sep-
tember. It builds its nest in holes of trees, and in the bird
boxes near our homes. One July 15 we saw a family
scattered over the branches of an old apple tree taking life
very easily. Soon they would be flocking with others of
their kindred. The songs of all swallows except the mar-
tins are twitterings but this species sometimes indulges in
a tiny warble.

54. (613) BARN SWALLOW

An abundant summer resident about barns. Arrives
any time on and after April 19. In company with other
swallows it is seen “fringing” the telegraph wires in
August and by early September it is migrating. Occa-
sionally a few are here later and one year a “left behind”
was seen in December.

55. (612) EAVE SWALLOW; CLIFF SWALLOW

A summer resident nesting under the eaves of build-
ings. In the west the nests are on the cliffs. It arrives
early in May and leaves the first of September.

56. (611) PURPLE MARTIN

A common summer resident nesting only in “martin”
houses in this vicinity. Arrives the middle of April. Its
animated musical chatter may often be heard in the morn-
ing earlier than the robin’s song. It usually leaves the
houses in.August and flocks in company with other swal-
lows till the first of September when nearly all migrate.
As is characteristic of the family a pair may remain later
to rear young, either a second brood or a brood to take the
place of one that may have been destroyed.

I have heard the song as late as September 15.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 39

FAMILY TANAGERS

57. (608) SCARLET TANAGER

The most of the Tanagers we see are migrants, but
occasionally one nests in this vicinity. I have seen it at
Mt. Apatite and near the Auburn-Turner boundary. It
may be expected about May 20. I shall long remember
one May morning when a party of us were looking for
birds near Riverside Cemetery. Suddenly one, with the
keenest eyes of our observers, exclaimed, “The Scarlet
Tanager !” '

In a short time everyone within the sound of our voices
had seen the brilliant bird that awakens activity among
bird lovers. Before night probably nearly every one knew
that the tanager was here and all interested were out in
full force the next morning to find it. Perhaps they were
successful in their search and possibly it was not seen
again, for some years its stay is brief. Each spring the
same excitement is repeated when some one observes the
only bird we have with the tropical plumage. During
spring migrations it has been known to be on David’s
Mountain several days in succession. The song, a burst
of rich, sweet melody, is the quality of the robin’s, but
more brief.

FAMILY FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC.

58. (598) INDIGO BUNTING

A somewhat rare summer resident. Arrives the last
of May. This charming bird, a study in blue, sings its
vivacious song hour after hour even through the intense
heat of a summer day, perched upon a wire or top of a
low tree.

I have heard it as late as the middle of August, the
bird having kept in song since its arrival.

40 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

59. (595) ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK

Summer resident. I have seen one as early as May
10, but it is more common later. The passage south is in
September, the 14th being my latest date. It sings till
the last of July, a song similar to that of the robin—
somewhat less varied, using the same strain over and
over.
60. (587) TOWHEE; CHEWINK

A rare summer resident. This is about the northern
limit of its migration. I have seen these birds at Mt
Apatite and along the Turner Road in North Auburn. It
appears early in May (May 7 my earliest date) and
departs late in September. It sings occasionally as late as
the first of September and I have heard its call-note Sep-
tember 25th. This is one of the birds that gave me more
than one year of excursions for its identification.

61. (585) FOX SPARROW

A spring and autumn migrant. Some years it may be
seen for two weeks after its arrival the last of March.
Other years its stay may be brief. In autumn it is about
the last migrant to return from the north, arriving here
the last of October and departing the last of November.
It has been known to sing during the fall migration.

I cannot forget hearing, one April morning after a
rain, the beautiful whistles from a flock that had arrived
during the night. Blanchan says it is the most welcome
“glad surprise” of all the spring. Such a song at such a
time, the bleak days of early spring, is enough to summon
out of doors anybody with a musical ear. “His voice is
loud, clear and melodious, his notes full, rich and varied.”

62. (584) SWAMP SPARROW
A summer resident; not common. It arrives the first
of April. I have heard it at Lake Auburn and Sabattus

Birds of Lewtston-Auburn AI

Pond. One might think that a chipping sparrow had chosen
a home in the marshes, except that its song is louder and
more musical.

63. (581) SONG SPARROW

A very common summer resident, one of the first
spring arrivals, coming in full song. The earliest I know
of one being seen is March 22. This sparrow sings more
months in the year than any other bird—in wind and rain
keeping the world cheerful. It is not unusual to see it
in November and it has been found in the winter. I have
never heard the song after October.

Van Dyke has described this singer so perfectly that
I add here a few of the verses.

“There is a bird I know so well,
It seems as if he must have sung
Beside my crib when I was young;

He comes in March, when winds are strong,
And snow returns to hide the earth;

But still he warms his heart with mirth,
And waits for May. He lingers long

While flowers fade; and every day,
Repeats his small, contented lay,

As if to say, we need not fear

The season’s change if love is here

With ‘Sweet-sweet-sweet-very-merry-cheer.

I like the tune, I like the words;

They seem so true, so free from art,

So friendly, and so full of heart,

That if but one of all the birds

Could be my comrade everywhere,

My little brother of the air,

I’d choose the song-sparrow, my dear,
Because he’d bless me, every year,

With ‘Sweet-sweet-sweet-very-merry-cheer. ”

42 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

One day in October a new song from the shrubbery
near a brook caught my ear. I searched for the musician
and found the familiar song sparrow with a new tune. I
presume it is the song of an immature male for | hear that
warble each autumn in the low places which the song
sparrow frequents. I have heard one sing in the dusk of
early morning when other birds were still sleeping.

64. (567) SLATE-COLORED JUNCO; SNOWBIRD

Chiefly a migrant. It has been known to nest on
David’s Mountain but the regular breeding ground is
farther north. The spring passage is from the last of
March to the first of May. In autumn it reappears in
September, becomes abundant during October and de-
parts in November. A few may be seen in winter.

While its song resembles that of the chipping sparrow,
it is more musical.

65. (563) FIELD SPARROW

A summer resident, not common. May be seen any
day after the middle of April. Flocks of these sparrows
appear the latter part of September and nearly all have
departed by the middle of October. The latest I have
seen them is October 13. Minot says “No sounds are
more refreshing on a warm afternoon of early summer,
than those which they produce.” Most writers speak of
their wonderful evening song, but the morning song
appeals most to me, being associated with bright sunshine,
old pastures and breakfast out of doors.

The song, a few notes uttered high and leisurely, then
running very rapidly toward the close, which is low and
sweet, is heard till the last of August.

66. (560) CHIPPING SPARROW

A very abundant summer resident. Arrives any time

after the middle of April. It may be seen in large flocks

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 43

migrating the middle of September and nearly all leave in
October. I have found one as late as November 14. Like
the House Wren it is half domesticated. The song is so
common that every one with any knowledge of birds 1s
familiar with it. Occasionally one is heard in the night.
The singing grows less and less after late July.

67. (559) TREE SPARROW; WINTER CHIPPY

A winter resident; one of the birds that frequents
feeding stations. A straggler may be seen in September,
but its regular period of arrival from the North is in
October and November. It becomes more plentiful with
the approach of spring and returns to its nesting ground
in April.

My introduction to a flock of these birds was one win-
ter afternoon as they came to a feeding place in Auburn.
They lingered till after sunset, when they flew together
toward the roseate hues of the February afterglow. I
have spoken of its song in the chapter Spring Migration.

68. (558) WHITE-THROATED SPARROW

A summer resident. Arrives early in April, becomes
plentiful after the middle of the month, continuing so till
the latter part of May when the greater number go farther
north. In the autumn large flocks reappear in October.
A few remain till November and it may be seen in the
winter. Its well-known song which has given it the name
“Peabody-bird” is one of the sweetest notes of bird music.
Winthrop Packard’s interpretation, “Oh, happiness, hap-
piness, happiness,” appeals to me. The song which is
varied by different individuals is so simple that one can
whistle a good imitation. In autumn I have heard the
most contented gem of song as it feeds under shrubbery.
I have heard one at peep of dawn before darkness had

44 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

lifted from the earth. Stewart Edward White speaks of
hearing this bird during the night.

69. (554) WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW

A migrant; some years not common and others quite
a few are seen. This aristocrat of the sparrow family
arrives about May Io and tarries a week or more before
going north for the summer. It reappears in October
for a short time before leaving. ‘The song is similar in
quality to the white-throats, but has fewer notes.

70. (542a) SAVANNA SPARROW ;

A somewhat common summer resident, arriving just
after the middle of April. Its song which I have heard
till the last of July is an insignificant warble ending with
a grasshopper-like sound.

71. (540) VESPER SPARROW; BAY-WINGED BUNT-
ING; GRASS FINCH

A fairly common summer resident, arriving about
April 13th. I heard one sing at Mt. Apatite October 7.
It has been seen in the winter. Burroughs describes the
song of this musician of the Finch family as “two or
three silver notes of peace and rest ending in some sub-
dued trills and quavers.” The tendency to sing at sun-
down has given it the poetic name of “vesper-bird.” By
the first of August this sparrow has become more quiet
and I miss its evening song. It is difficult for a beginner
to distinguish the song of this species from that of the
song sparrow.

72. (536) LAPLAND LONGSPUR

I have never seen this bird, as it is an extremely rare
winter visitant but several years ago it was observed in
this vicinity. Two years ago it was seen in company with
snow buntings and alone. Sometimes it is found in com-
pany with horned larks.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn AS

73. (534) SNOWFLAKE; SNOW BUNTING

A common winter resident. If there is snow it may
be seen late in October, but usually the period of arrival
is in November. It is quite likely to be seen just before
and during snow storms. ‘The call of the north comes in
March. One season I saw a few April 5 and a flock was
reported April 9.

74. (533) PINE SISKIN; PINE FINCH OR LINNET

A winter resident, rather rare; one winter quite plen-
tiful when they were in the trees along the city streets.
Its arrival from the north is in November. Most years
the call of spring to return is in March.

In 1917 a flock was seen near David’s Mountain for
nearly a week the first of June—an occurrence never
known before. It was reported to be in other parts of
the country at the same time. The note “like a noise
made by blowing through a comb covered with paper,”
helped me to identify the bird.

7S. (529) AMERICAN GOLDFINCH

Most of this species are summer residents arriving
during May in summer plumage and departing in late
autumn. A few individuals remain through the winter
when they are in dull “flaxen” attire, the change having
taken place in late fall. It is gregarious till June being
one of the last birds to mate. Nest building takes place
during the last of June and first of July. Its flight song
is per-chic-o-ree expressing life and joy as it undulates
through the air. Perched upon some pole or tree it pours
forth a beautiful canary-like song.

76. (528) REDPOLL
A winter resident, some seasons quite plenty. I have
seen it as early as November 5 but the first of December is

46 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

the usual time of arrival. The North calls to its nesting
ground in April.

Soft twitterings and musical cherees resembling the
notes of the goldfinch are cheerful sounds on a winter day.

77. (522) WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL

A rare and very irregular visitant more often seen in
the autumn. I suppose I saw two immature birds Octo-
ber 23, 1916, at a bathing place south of Riverside Ceme-
tery. Some seasons it has been quite plentiful.

78. (521) AMERICAN CROSSBILL; RED CROSSBILL

An irregular, erratic visitant. Seen any season but
more frequently in spring or autumn. It rears its young.
in the woods very early.

Olive Thorne Miller says of the crossbills that one
season they make glad the bird student in one place and
the next drive him to despair by their absence. While
this crossbill is more common than the preceding species,
it has been so erratic the last few years that I have never
seen one. Consequently I am still in pursuit, for an
enthusiastic bird-student must sooner or later solve such
problems.

79. ( ) ENGLISH SPARROW; HOUSE SPARROW
This sparrow was introduced from Europe between
1850 and 1860. It has made very wide invasions and be-
come a much berated nuisance. A permanent resident
especially in the city. There may be those who like
to witness this bird-life in winter, but bird-lovers have
no use for an English Sparrow. It drives other birds
away that formerly nested about our homes, disfigures
any place where it roosts and instead of making musical
sounds (it does make a few in February and early
spring) utters only bickerings and quarrelsome notes.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 47

80. (517) PURPLE FINCH

A fairly common summer resident. Seen some
seasons before the bluebird and robin arrive; others it
comes late in April. This species remains till November
or later and may be found in the winter. During the
autumn flocks of these birds, mature and immature, are
seen in orchards, as the fruit of the pear tree is a favorite.
Immature males and females are sparrow looking birds
but the thick bill is a distinguishing mark.

March 16 I heard a fine rendering of finch music in a
tree near my home. The song, which is confused with
that of the Warbling Vireo, is a burst of melody and more
musical. The Warbling Vireo is also a much later spring
arrival. One May afternoon a party of us listened as
a Purple Finch sang a most beautiful love song. Each
exclaimed over its exquisiteness. It is one of our finest
singers. Chapman says “his song is a sweet, flowing
warble, music as natural as the rippling of a mountain
brook.”

’

81. "(515) CANADIAN PINE GROSBEAK

A winter visitant. Its arrival from the North has
been reported the last of October but its appearance is
more often in November or later. During April it feels
the call of spring and returns. I saw two in the woods
April 29, which is unusually late. None were reported in
this vicinity during the cold winter of 1918.

These birds are closely associated with a snow-shoe
tramp on Stetson’s Brook when a flock of mature and im-
mature males and females flew into some evergreen trees
uttering for me their sweet whistles and_ twitterings.
Although the day was cold and blustering the tramp home
was a happy one, for after long watching and much pur-
suit, I had seen a Pine Grosbeak.

48 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

82. (514) EVENING GROSBEAK

An irregular winter visitant. In 1913 it appeared the
last of the winter. In 1914 it was seen in January. Two.
other years it came in December and remained into May.

This bird was unknown in this county till the winter
of 1839-90 when one was taken on the college campus.
None were seen again until February, 1913, when two
were observed by one of our careful and reliable bird-
students near her home. The next winter a flock was
about the home of an Auburn bird-lover, the first one
appearing January 26. We who failed to see it that season
were disappointed and had to “learn to wait.” None
were reported in the winter of 1914-15. From an article
in Bird-Lore, May-June 1916: December 31 (1915) an
immature male was seen in the trees on one of the side
streets of the city. A few days later flocks of eight were
reported in different places. Sometimes they would stay
three or four hours, but usually would feed a short time
then fly away, making it impossible for the place to be
reached before they had gone. No sooner had one been
seen by a bird-lover than telephones would be busy noti-
fying all interested. The last two weeks in January a
flock of seventeen visited a lawn on Auburn Heights
every morning. The ground being bare, they fed on seeds
that had fallen from a tree. A little snow came and they
disappeared. When the lawn was bare again, the flock
returned increased to thirty-five or more. As soon as
snow came in February small flocks were seen about the
residentialssections of the city. After I wrote the ahove
the birds were observed as late as May, the last date being
May 7. December 11, 1916, they came again and were
numerous during the winter. Seed was furnished one
flock till the tenth of May. It is uncertain how long they
would have remained if the feeding had continued. None

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn AQ

were reported after May 24. As far as I know, this
species was not seen in this locality during the winter
1917-18. Bird-students will continue to watch for the
coming of the Evening Grosbeaks as their yellow, black
and white plumage is one of the finest sights in a Maine
winter.

FAMILY BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, ETC.

83. (511b) BRONZED GRACKLE; CROW BLACKBIRD
A common summer resident near wet places.

Arrives during the last week in March and departs late
in October. More plentiful during spring and autumn
migrations when flocks whistle and squeak like sign-
boards.

“The blackbirds clatt’rin’ in tall trees,

An’ settlin’ things in windy congresses.”—Lowell.

Note.—The Crow Blackbird in the neighborhood of New York
City is the Purple Grackle. About Boston and northward it is
the Bronzed Grackle.

84. (509) RUSTY BLACKBIRD

A migrant ; more common in the autumnal than in the
spring migration. Arrives the last of March or first of
April. It may be seen about two weeks before going to
its nesting ground. I saw a few April 22 which is late.
The last of September and first of October it reappears
and feeds among the ripened corn shocks. The South
calls the bird away the latter part of October.

85. (507) BALTIMORE ORIOLE; GOLDEN ROBIN

A summer resident, arriving the first of May (May 7)
and leaving the first of September. One was reported on
a city lawn September 11.

This bird sings from the time of its arrival to its de-
parture, although the song perceptibly wanes late in July.

50 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

The oriole is a bird of our city streets and lanes as well as
of the country. After the young have flown it leaves the
nesting locality returning only at intervals. Coues says:
“This is one of our famous beauties of bird life, noted
alike for its flash of color, its assiduity in singing and its
skill at the loom.” Its song resembles the robin’s but the
whistles are loud and clear.

86. (501) MEADOWLARK

A summer resident; one of the earliest of the spring
arrivals, being heard soon after the bluebird and robin.
It remains into October, my latest date being October 21.
Some of the college professors have observed it in the
winter months. December 8, 1917, a flock of seven was
seen above the college and about that time it was reported
in other localities. One remained on the college campus
during a winter and perished the first of March. Its song
is a beautiful whistle with a touch of plaintiveness
described by Chapman “clear as the note of a fife, sweet
as the tone of a flute.”

87. (498) RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD

A common summer resident in swampy places.
Arrives any time after the middle of March and leaves
the last of October. Its o-ka-lee is a pleasant sound
when in the vicinity of ponds and marshes. Chapman
says “when a red-winged blackbird is seen we may be
sure the tide of the year has turned and spring has come.”

88. (495) COWBIRD

A summer resident. The first of April is the time to
look for this bird. Although not likely to be seen in
flocks, for several days in the spring of 1917 fifty or
more visited the northerly side of David’s Mountain. It

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 51

is our only parasite and that flock made me think how
many foster-mothers had sacrificed their own young by
feeding these. In mating time it makes queer contor-
tions to utter its squeaky song.

89. (494) BOBOLINK

A summer resident to be expected May 9 or later.
Just after mid-July the song ceases and the nuptial dress
is laid aside for the quieter garb of the female. By the
first of August it is wholly changed. I saw a flock in
tawny plumage gathering for the night of August 27 in
Garcelon’s Bog. Three days later they left for the rice
fields of the South where they are a pest. Mabel S. Mer-
rill says: “The sweet magician of our fields is the bobo-
link. He is an enchanter who doesn’t need even to wave
a wand. Though he chose to sing in a snowdrift, you
would have to believe it was June when you heard him,
so inwoven is that music with memories of fields of shin-
ing daisies, billows of red clover, and the first shadowy
bluebells afloat on a feathery sea of grass. The coming
of the bobolink is always an event to us.”

Chapman describes the song as “the jolliest, tinkling,
rippling song that ever issued from a bird’s throat.”

FAMILY STARLINGS

90. (493) STARLING

The Starling was introduced from Europe into Cen-
tral Park and has spread over much territory. None have
been reported here till the last of March, 1917. It was
seen at a home south of Riverside Cemetery near the
river. Three were in the vicinity of Upper Main Street
during the summer. I saw them April 24. One has
since been seen in Auburn. We were not glad to have
them appear, although we knew they would arrive sooner
or later.

52 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

FAMILY CROW, JAYS, ETC.
91. (488) AMERICAN CROW

Crows are seen mostly from February till late fall.
Probably the greater number of those we see during the
winter fly inland from the coast for the day. When they
become more numerous and noisy in February we are
reminded that spring approaches. It makes long flights
to rookeries. In the Bulletin of the United States
National Museum Coues speaks of the flight beginning
early in the afternoon and continuing till dark of each
day. They return at early dawn.

Coues also says: “Such ‘roosts’ are well known in
various parts of the Eastern United States; but the
impulse whose potency forces such long daily journeys
upon the birds is a mystery as yet unexplained.” Bird
observers in this vicinity have witnessed these flights
toward the last of August and continuing into late
autumn.

92. (477) BLUE JAY

A resident all the year. More common in autumn
and winter. It is a bird of the woodland but occasionally
one is seen near David’s Mountain and Riverside Ceme-
tery. In September its call, jay, jay, is a harbinger of
autumn. In winter the blue and white plumage is a sight
so cheerful over the landscape that we can forgive bad
habits. It utters such a variety of different noises that a
frequenter of the woods once said, if a strange note is
heard, in nine cases out of ten it is a Blue Jay.

FAMILY LARKS

93. (474b) PRAIRIE HORNED LARK
A summer resident; not very common. Our earliest
spring migrant arriving about the middle of February or

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 53

after. In autumn I have seen one October 27, but it may
be found later.

A cheerful sound on an early March morning before
other songsters have come, is to hear the whistles from a
flock as they rise and fly over the fields still spotted with
snow.

94. (474) HORNED LARK; SHORE LARK

A rare migrant seen in late February and March and
again in October and November. It has been known to
be here in the winter. My only observation was October
27 as a flock was having a gala time burrowing on the
sunny side of a plowed field.

FAMILY FLYCATCHERS

95. (467) LEAST FLYCATCHER; CHEBEC

A very common summer resident. Arrives first of
May (May 7) and leaves in September. It is very little
in evidence in August. The morning of arrival we hear
the jerky song che-bec. In mating time a short warble,
almost a whisper note, may be heard.

96. (466a) ALDER FLYCATCHER

A somewhat rare summer resident. One of the latest
migrants, arriving the last of May or first Gf) jrne.) Olt
there is plenty of insect life it may be seen till October. I
heard the song, probably that of a young male, Octo-
ber 16.

97. (463) YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER

A very rare migrant, arriving almost, if not quite, the
latest of any bird. It has been reported May 23. I saw
it on David’s Mountain, June 5, 1917.

One year an excellent observer found a bird of this
species in this vicinity the middle of June. The fact that

54 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

it was in the habitat for nesting indicated a home had
been made there for that season.

98. (461) WOOD PEWEE

A common summer resident. Arrives the last of May
or first of June and leaves in September. I saw one Sep-
tember 16 and occasionally it is seen later. All summer
we hear its sweet, plaintive pee-a-wee—a restful note, dis-
tinctly a lullaby and a true sylvan strain.

Flycatchers are not classed as singing birds, yet the
notes of this species are of the sweetest we hear whether
we walk where the shade trees border our city streets or
in a woodland. Probably more poets have been attracted
by this sylvan song than by that of any other American
bird except the Hermit or Wood Thrush.

99. (459) OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER

A somewhat rare summer resident in swampy places.
Arrives the middle of May and sings its pip, pip-peu from
the top of a dead tree. Sometimes the call-note, pip, pip,
reminds me of the quality of the robin’s call.

100. (456) PHQXBE; BRIDGE PEWEE

A summer resident. One of our earliest spring
arrivals ; to be expected any day after the first of April.
it begins its nest building on arrival and rears two broods.
One of our friendly birds, building on a porch, under a
bridge, or around a barn. My latest date of seeing one
is September 23; it has been seen later. Its note, phebe,
gives the name.

101. (452) CRESTED FLYCATCHER

A very rare summer resident arriving the middle of
May. It nests near the Auburn-Turner boundary and at
No Name Pond. The note isa harsh screech. As far as

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 55

my friends have observed it selects a snake skin for part
of its nest.

102. (444) KINGBIRD

A common summer resident. Arrives the first of
May and leaves the first of September. It may be seen
later. Just before the autumn migration flocks hold car-
nival with the flies.

A music critic has observed that its note is pitched
higher than that of any other bird.

ORDER GOATSUCKERS, SWIFTS, HUM-
MINGBIRDS, ETC.

FAMILY HUMMINGBIRDS

103. (428) RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD
A summer resident seen about our flower beds.
Arrives about the middle of May and remains into Sep-
tember. My latest observation is September 12. The
only hummingbird known east of the Mississippi River.
Audubon reports another species, the Mango, found
once at Florida Keys. So far as we know there is no
other report of any being seen.
“The least of birds, a jewelled sprite
With burnished throat and needle bill.”
Once I caught a tiny note but usually the buzz of
wings is all we hear.

FAMILY SWIFTS
104. (423) CHIMNEY SWIFT
A very abundant summer resident arriving in flocks
the first of May. It chippers continuously till late August
as it flies overhead and departs early in September. It

56 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

formerly nested in hollow trees but since houses have
been built, occupies chimneys that emit no smoke in
summer.

FAMILY NIGHTHAWKS, WHIP-POOR-WILLS,
ETC.

105. (420) NIGHTHAWK

A summer resident. Arrives the middle of May, May
20 my earliest date, and leaves the first of September.
It nests on flat roofs of city blocks as well as in the
country. It is not nocturnal like the following species,
for it goes to roost the same as other birds only later. In
the morning its harsh peent is heard before the morning
chorus.

106. (417) WHIP-POOR-WILL

A summer resident, arriving any time from the 10th to
the middle of May and departing the last of September.
Although known to come near the city it is a bird of the
country. The song has been reported as late as Septem-
ber 23. Being nocturnal it is more often heard than seen.
Dusk is coming on before the song begins, which may be
heard at intervals through the night. The strains of
whip-poor-will cease at early dawn. My only sight of
one was near the woodsy growth at the end of Winter
Street in Auburn.

ORDER WOODPECKERS

FAMILY WOODPECKERS
107. (412a) NORTHERN FLICKER; YELLOW-HAMMER
An abundant summer resident. Arrives about the
middle of April. Stragglers have been reported the last
of March. During the autumnal migration it becomes

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn sy,

numerous the last of September and first of October and
departs the latter part of the month. My latest date is
October 14. Occasionally one is seen in November and
even later.

108. (406) RED-HEADED WOODPECKER

A very rare migrant. I have never seen this species,
but it was on the college campus two or three days one
spring and at Riverside Cemetery several years ago. One
was seen the first of May, 1917, in North Auburn.
109. (4052) NORTHERN PILEATED WOODPECKER;

RAIN CROW

A rare resident. In woods north of here this species
is quite common. Sometimes a pair rear their young in
this vicinity where there are thick woods. It may be
seen all the year, but is more in evidence in autumn and
winter. My only sight of one was June 29 at South
Turner. I heard his high-pitched, ringing call before I
caught a glimpse of him.

110. (402) YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER

A rare summer resident in this vicinity. More
abundant during the spring and autumn migrations. In
the spring it may be seen from the middle of April to the
first of May. Every year I see one on Patriots’ Day.
The middle of September it reappears and departs in
October. A squealing cry resembling the call of a jay is
sometimes heard; also it drums like other woodpeckers.

111. (401) AMERICAN THREE-TOED WOODPECKER

A very rare accidental winter visitor. I have never
seen this woodpecker and have supposed that it did not
come so far south but have recently learned that several
years ago it was seen during the short days of a very cold
winter.

58 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

112. (400) ARCTIC THREE-TOED WOODPECKER

A rare winter visitant arriving from the north very
late in September and during October. It remains till
early spring. My first study of one was on October 6.

113. (394c) DOWNY WOODPECKER

A permanent resident; more abundant in the spring
and autumn. A visitor at feeding places within the city
limits during the winter. Its drumming is heard in the
mating season; it utters a shrill cry with a rapid falling
inflection.

114. (393) HAIRY WOODPECKER

A permanent resident ; not as common as the preceding
species, being seen more in wooded districts where its
young is reared. During the seasons of migration it may
be seen nearer the city. In winter it often comes to the
feeding stations of my friends living in the suburbs.
Its note resembles the Downy’s but is somewhat heavier.

ORDER ‘CUCKOOS, KINGFISHERS,- ETC.

FAMILY KINGFISHERS

115. (390) BELTED KINGFISHER

A summer resident arriving the first of April and
remaining into late autumn. My latest date is October
17; stragglers have been reported in the winter months.
Several pairs nest on the banks of various streams.
Their “watchman’s rattle” as they fly calls attention to
them.

FAMILY CUCKOOS

116. (388) BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO

A summer resident. Arrives the middle of May and
departs in October. I heard one in an orchard October 6.
Cuckoos pick the hairy caterpillars out of their web-like
nests for food.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 59

117. (387) YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO

A very rare summer resident. This species, whose
natural habitat is farther south, I have never seen but it
has been known to nest in this vicinity.

REMARKS

There has been one report of the Bohemian Waxwing. As
it is a winter rover of uncertain habits, it may be found and it
may never be seen again. There have been reports of its casual
appearance in other parts of the State, especially near Bangor.

The Canada Jay has been taken in Sumner, Maine, and has
been seen nearer this vicinity. To my knowledge there is no
record of its being found about Lewiston or Auburn.

There have been several reports of the Orchard Oriole and
once I thought I saw a two-year-old male. I have not been able
to get sufficient proof of its identity to include it in my catalogue.

ORDER BIRDS OF PREY
FAMILY HORNED OWLS

Most owls are dwellers of the deep forest. For this
reason few are seen in this vicinity. Specimens of each
of the following species have been taken in this neighbor-
hood and are in collections here. The Screech Owl is
the only one I have observed.

118. (377a) AMERICAN HAWK OWL
A rare winter visitant.

119. (376) SNOWY OWL
An irregular winter visitant.

120. (375) GREAT HORNED OWL

A permanent resident. Often builds its nest in Feb-
ruary. A specimen was taken at Lisbon in the autumn
of 1917. Several years ago a nest was found on the

60 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

Sabattus River in April containing young owls. It was
about seventy feet from the ground in a yellow birch
EEE:

121. (373) SCREECH OWL; MOTTLED OWL

A common permanent resident.

June 10, 1915, a nature lover and I were looking across
Jepson’s Brook at the sunset. Suddenly she exclaimed
“Owls!” There they were—a family perched on differ-
ent limbs. They remained in that locality several days
till nearly all interested had seen them.

Some Screech Owls are gray, others reddish brown.

122. (372) SAW-WHET OWL; ACADIAN OWL

This smallest of the family is a common permanent
resident, seen mostly in the autumn and winter. One was
taken in a barn near the North Auburn road in January,
1918.

123. (371) RICHARDSON’S OWL
A rare fall and winter visitant.

124. (370) GREAT GRAY OWL
An extremely rare winter visitant.

125. (368) BARRED OWL

A permanent resident ; most common of the large owls.
It has been reported more than any other except the
Screech Owl. In December, 1916, one was observed near
the “Logan” in Auburn.

126. (367) SHORT-EARED OWL

A somewhat rare summer resident. Nests in some
lonely marsh or meadow, Farwell’s Bog being one place to
find it.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 61

127. (366) AMERICAN LONG-EARED OWL

A fairly common summer resident. This species has
been taken in the spring and fall and found nesting in the
summer. One season a nest was discovered at South
Lewiston built in an old crow’s nest which had been
repaired and filled. It was sixty feet from the ground
in an evergreen tree.

FAMILY FALCONS, HAWKS, EAGLES, ETC.
128. (364) AMERICAN OSPREY; FISH HAWK

A summer resident nesting near ponds and lakes. It
arrives the middle of April and departs the first of Octo-
ber. Every spring one is in the vicinity of the “Logan”
in Auburn. I have seen it at Lake Auburn and Sabattus.

129. (360) AMERICAN SPARROW HAWK

A common summer resident. The time of arrival is
just before the bluebird and robin. Most years the time
of departure is late in September. In August I had a
study of a family near the Stetson Road.

130. (357) PIGEON HAWK

A fairly common migrant. Seen the last of March or
early in April and soon passes farther north to nest.

I have never identified this or the following species,
but other bird-students have taken them so I include them
in my list.

131. (356a) DUCK HAWK
An extremely rare migrant, reported as early as April

10.

132. (352) BALD EAGLE

This beautiful bird is seen daily flying over the lakes
and the river during the summer from the first of June
till into the autumn. Hence a proper inference is that it

62 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

nests in this neighborhood, though no nest has been found
to my knowledge. One August morning a _ beautiful
mature male circled very low over Riverside Cemetery.

133. (347a) AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK

An extremely rare winter visitant, consequently I
could hardly expect to see one, but it has been in this
locality.
134. (343) BROAD-WINGED HAWK

A somewhat common summer resident, arriving the
last of March and departing by early October. I have
made several attempts to find this hawk but have not
succeeded in identifying one.

135. (339) RED-SHOULDERED HAWK; HEN HAWK

A fairly common summer resident. Seen from the
last of March till the last of October; the 21st I saw one
sailing over Taylor Pond.

136. (337) RED-TAILED HAWK; HEN HAWK

A summer resident; not as common as the preceding
species. Arrives the last of March or the first of April
and leaves the last of October. During July and August,
1917, I saw two immature birds at South Turner.

1357. (334) AMERICAN GOSHAWK

A rare winter visitant; occasionally somewhat com-
mon. Arrives from the north in October (one was
reported September 28, 1917). December 3 is my date of
identification.

138. (333) COOPER’S HAWK

A common summer resident. Arrives the first of
April and leaves the latter part of September or first of
October. It has been found in winter. September when
hawks are more plentiful has been my time of making its
acquaintance.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 63

139. (332) SHARP-SHINNED HAWK

A common summer resident, arriving the last of
March or first of April and departing in late September
or October, but stragglers are seen in the winter. Sep-
tember is the month when I usually see this species.

140. (331) MARSH HAWK

A common summer resident, arriving the last of
March or first of April and leaving in October. My latest
observation is October 24. Seen mostly flying low over
marshes.

ORDER PIGEONS AND DOVES

FAMILY PIGEONS AND DOVES
141. (316) MOURNING DOVE
A very rare migrant. I have never seen one, but dur-
ing the May migration in 1916 a pair were seen near the
“Power House” in Turner. June 5 1917, one was in
North Auburn and the last of July, 1917, it was observed
in the south-eastern part of Lewiston.

Note

PASSENGER PiceEoN.—Years ago this pigeon was very abundant
in this locality. After 1880 it became more and more rare and is
extinct now. The last one in the country died in September,
1915.

Tame Doves are called city pigeons. They are thought to be
all derived from the blue rock pigeon (Columba Livia).

None were ever seen in this city.

ORDER GALLINACEOUS BIRDS
FAMILY GROUSE
142. (300a) CANADIAN RUFFED GROUSE; PARTRIDGE
A permanent resident in the woodsy sections of this
vicinity. In spring it drums whir! whir! whir! The

64 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

startling sound of a partridge in winter makes one feel
the presence of life when walking through the wood in a
snow storm.

Note.—Bob-white, or Quail, has appeared in Maine but none
in this vicinity.

An English Pheasant has been in Waterboro and three in
Springvale, Maine, this winter, 1918, coming to houses for food.
It is advancing this way from Massachusetts where it was intro-
duced and no doubt some day will be in this vicinity. A strange
bird has been reported here whose description was that of a
pheasant, but I have no proof of one being in this neighborhood.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 65

WATER BIRDS

List of water birds I have identified. Following is a
list of those identified by other observers.

ORDER SHORE BIRDS

FAMILY PLOVERS

143. (274) SEMIPALMATED PLOVER; RING-NECK

A migrant. My observation of this bird was on the
coast, but it is found at Sabattus Pond and Lake Auburn
chiefly in the autumn.

FAMILY SNIPES, SANDPIPERS

144. (263) SPOTTED SANDPIPER

A somewhat common summer resident. Arrives the
first of May and remains till October. My latest date of
seeing this species is October 11.

145. (256) SOLITARY SANDPIPER

A somewhat rare spring and autumn migrant. I
found one August 31, 1917, around a mud pond south of
Riverside Cemetery. It remained till September 12.

146. (255) YELLOW-LEGS; SUMMER YELLOW-LEGS
A migrant, somewhat rare. Resembles the following
species so closely (the difference being in size) that | am
uncertain which I saw October 28.
147. (254) GREATER YELLOW-LEGS; WINTER YEL-
LOW LEGS
A migrant, somewhat rare. October 28 I saw a yel-
low-legs which I listed as this one. .

148. (248) SANDERLING
A migrant. Inthe autumn a few are seen at Sabattus.

66 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

149. (246) SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER
A migrant. In autumn these birds have been taken at
Sabattus.

150. (242) LEAST SANDPIPER

A migrant. This is one of the many sandpipers found
at Sabattus Pond. It has been seen at Lake Auburn.
My observation of the last three species was at the coast.

151. (228) WOODCOCK

A summer resident ; not as common as in former years.
Arrives as soon as the ground thaws enough to probe its
bill in the mud; the latter part of March or first of April.
My latest date of observation is October 16, but it has
been seen later.

ORDER HERONS

FAMILY HERONS AND BITTERNS
152. (201) GREEN HERON
A rare summer resident. Arrives the first of May.
It nests near the “Logan” in Auburn and at Sabattus.
May 61 saw one flying to Jepson’s Brook in the cemetery
where it was seen the next morning by the college class.

153. (194) GREAT BLUE HERON

A rare summer resident; seen from the middle of
April to the first of May or later at Lake Auburn and
along the Androscoggin River and again in August
when the move southward begins. The latter part of
October is the time of departure. One year a “left
behind” was.seen in December.

154. (190) AMERICAN BITTERN; MARSH HEN; STAKE
DRIVER

A summer resident, arriving the middle of May. The
first of October is the time for going to its winter home.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 67

ORDER LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS
FAMILY DUCKS, GEESE AND SWANS

Norte.—For the very unusual appearance of Whistling Swans
see at the end of this list.

155. (172) CANADA GOOSE

A migrant the last of March and first of April. The
V-shaped flock is seen more often about the tenth of
April. In the fall it flles south about Thanksgiving. A
flock was seen October 13 1917, which is unusually early.

156. (167) RUDDY DUCK

A fairly common migrant. April 11, 1915, a party of
us saw this and the following species fly up from Jepson’s
Brook in Riverside Cemetery.

157. (151) AMERICAN GOLDEN EYE; WHISTLER
A fairly common migrant.

158. (133) BLACK DUCK

A rare summer resident. A few are seen in the
spring but the fall is the time when abundant. It arrives
the first of April and begins to move southward in August.

159. (129) AMERICAN MERGANSER; SHELDRAKE

A somewhat common migrant. Arrives the last of
March or first of April and leaves in late autumn. I saw
one November 17. It has been known to be in the river
during the winter months if there is open water.

ORDER LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS

FAMILY TERNS AND GULLS
160. (51) HERRING GULL
A summer resident along inland water but I know of
no record of its nesting in this vicinity. During the win-
ter months one may be seen sailing over the river. In

68 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

March it becomes quite abundant and may be observed all
summer. My earliest date is February 28 and latest
November 17.

ORDER DIVING BIRDS

FAMILY LOONS

161. (7) LOON; GREAT NORTHERN DIVER

Fairly common during the vernal and autumnal migra-
tions. A few nest in this vicinity. I have seen it as
early as April 22.

WHISTLING SWAN

The last of October 1917, a daily observer of birds
saw a flock of forty-nine Whistling Swans fly over Lake
Auburn. Doubtless they alighted in the lake, their “flag-
eolet-like” notes being heard for some little time. Octo-
ber 27 three appeared at Kezar Pond near Fryeburg,
Maine, and the next day twenty-eight were there. Two
were captured and sent to the State Museum at Augusta.
These birds are very rare in New England. To my
knowledge there is no report of any having been pre-
viously seen in this vicinity.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 69

REMARKS

Probably few have an adequate idea of the number of
birds that may be seen in this vicinity. Of the one hun-
dred sixty-one birds in the catalogue I have personally
identified one hundred and thirty-seven, divided as fol-
lows:

Singing, Songless Birds, etc., 108
Birds of Prey and Game Birds II
Water Birds 18

All have been seen no farther away than Greene, Tur-
ner and Lisbon, except four water birds that I studied at
the seashore and which I might have found at Sabattus
or Lake Auburn. Doubtless most of these may be seen
throughout the county. In the northern section I should
expect to find birds that belong to the Canadian Zone
(Lewiston and Auburn are in the Transition or Alleghe-
nian Zone) which are not included in this catalogue.

By making special effort during my last year of
observation for this pamphlet I identified one hundred
and twenty-eight different species. A bird-student could
hardly expect to see as many unless there was some object
in view.

When one of Professor Stanton’s class in ornithology
brought in a list of seventy different birds seen between
Thanksgiving and Commencement, he considered that
good work had been done. If a student had identified
from seventy-five to eighty the work was excellent.

70 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

WATER BIRDS CONTINUED
List of water birds identified by careful observers and
most of the species taken at Lake Auburn, Sabattus Pond
or along the Androscoggin River.
I desire to express my appreciation to those who have
contributed the information which has made this list pos-
sible and reliable.

KILLDEERR
A rare summer resident.

AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER
Formerly a fairly common fall migrant now some-
what rare.

BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER; BEETLE-HEAD
A common migrant.

BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER; UPLAND PLOVER
At one time a common summer resident; now
extremely rare.

RED-BACKED SANDPIPER; DUNLIN
Accidental. One taken at Sabattus.

WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER
A migrant.

PECTORAL SANDPIPER; GRASS BIRD
A common migrant.

WILSON’S SNIPE; AMERICAN SNIPE; JACK SNIPE
A common migrant.

WILSON’S PHALAROPE
Accidental. One shot at Sabattus October, 1906.

AMERICAN COOT
A migrant; not as common as in previous years.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 71

FLORIDA GALLINULE
A rare migrant.

PURPLE GALLINULE
A straggler wholly beyond its normal range. One
taken at South Lewiston April 11, 1897.

SORA; CAROLINA RAIL
A summer resident.

VIRGINIA RAIL
A summer resident ; more common than the preceding
species.

BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON
It may be a summer resident as it has been seen at
Sabattus the first of September.

LEAST BITTERN
A rare summer resident.

SURF SCOTER
A fairly common migrant in the fall.

WHITE-WINGED SCOTER

A migrant. If there is a bad storm on the coast these
birds may be seen inland during October and November.
AMERICAN SCOTER

A fairly common migrant in autumn.

HARLEQUIN
Accidental. One taken early in the spring from the
Androscoggin River.

OLD SQUAW
A migrant, seen mostly in autumn.

BUFFLE-HEAD
A fairly common spring and fall migrant.

Gz Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

LESSER SCAUP DUCK; LITTLE BLUE-BILL
A fairly common migrant.

SCAUP DUCK; BLUE-BILL
A migrant.

REDHEAD
A very rare migrant.

WOOD DUCK
Formerly a common summer resident ; now rare.

PINTAIL
A rare migrant.

BLUE-WINGED TEAL
A fairly common migrant.

GREEN-WINGED TEAL
A fairly common migrant.

HOODED MERGANSER
A migrant; not very common.

RED-BREASTED MERGANSER
Some years a common migrant in the autumn.

LEACH’S PETREL
A migrant.

ARCTIC TERN
The Arctic Tern has been seen at Androscoggin Lake.

COMMON TERN; SEA SWALLOW

Accidental. Reported once at Lake Auburn. It is
seen on Androscoggin and other inland lakes. I have
seen these birds at the coast.

BONAPARTE’S GULL
Accidental. One taken at Sabattus, one at Turner.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 72

BRUNNICH’S MURRE
It has been taken at Lake Auburn and one was taken
at Greene in January 1918.

BLACK GUILLEMOT; SEA PIGEON

Once after a heavy storm this species was seen at
Lake Auburn which is entirely out of its normal range at
the sea-coast where [ have seen it.

PIED-BILLED GREBE; HELL-DIVER
A common summer resident.

HORNED GREBE
A migrant; not common.

HOLBQL’S GREBE
A rare migrant.

Note—I am not acquainted with the water birds of Andro-
scoggin Lake or other ponds in the county. There may be other
species found that are not in this list.

74 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn —

A GUIDE TO THE ARRIVAL OF BIRDS

The dates given below are only intended to give the
approximate time of arrival. They must not be taken too
strictly as temperature and food conditions have much to
do with the time of migrations. During December, Jan-
uary and February any of the birds mentioned in the
chapter ‘““Winter Birds,” may be seen if one is in the right
locality.

The last of February to the middle of March, prairie
horned larks, horned larks (crows and winter birds are
more numerous) and some straggler of the spring arrivals

may be found.
March 15 to April I

Hawks Bronzed Grackle

Bluebird Rusty Blackbird

Robin Fox Sparrow

Song Sparrow Ducks

Meadowlark Canada Goose

Red-winged Blackbird Woodcock

Junco Purple Finch

Herring Gull may be seen.

April 1 to 10

Phoebe White-throated ame

Brown Creeper \ may be seen
more plentiful later on Ducks

Belted Kingfisher Geese

Goldfinches that have win- ) Hawks
tered here changing {contin (early )
plumage
April .10/to0'20
Fox Sparrow f Yellow Palm Warbler
later migration Blue Heron

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

Cowbird

Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Swamp Sparrow

Vesper Sparrow

Field Sparrow

Savanna Sparrow
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

Hermit Thrush
Purple Finch
Flicker
Tree Swallow
Barn Swallow
Purple Martin
Bank Swallow
may be seen

Winter Wren

Winter birds and early migrants leave for their nest-

ing ground.

April 20 to May I

Osprey

Chipping Sparrow

White-throated Sparrow i
becomes plentiful

Myrtle Warbler

Pine Warbler

Loon

Brown Thrasher

Black and White Warbler
Migrant Shrike

May 1 to Io

Blue-headed Vireo
Chewink

Bank Swallow
Eave Swallow
Water-thrush
Green Heron
Chimney Swift
Bittern

Chebec

Black-throated Green War-
bler

Black-throatel Blue Warbler

Parula Warbler

Nashville Warbler

Yellow Warbler

Spotted Sandpiper

Many species that begin arriving the middle of April
are departing for their homes in the North.

May I0 to 20

Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Maryland Yellow-throat
Redstart

Ovenbird

Veery

Oriole
Whip-poor-will
Kingbird

76 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

Chestnut-sided Warbler Goldfinch

Magnolia Warbler Bobolink
White-crowned Sparrow House Wren
Catbird Olive-sided Flycatcher
Yellow-throated Vireo Crested Flycatcher
Warbling Vireo Hummingbird

May 20 to June 3
Canadian Warbler Cuckoo
Baybreasted Warbler Nighthawk
Blackburnian Warbler Scarlet Tanager
Tennessee Warbler Wood Pewee
Wilson’s Warbler Cedar Waxwing
Cape May Warbler Indigo Bunting
Black-poll Warbler Olive-backed Thrush
Red-eyed Vireo Alder Flycatcher

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher

Migrants that nest farther north depart.

Most years the early birds arrive individually or in
small flocks. Following the very cold winter of 1917-18
the atmosphere became mild about March 2oth. On that
day and the 21st there was an unusual arrival of blue-
birds, robins, song sparrows and a few others.

During April there will be waves of migration. April
IO, 1915, a great wave came, and usually about the 19th
there will be a large migration. May will have many
interesting days, especially just before or after the 2oth,
when the warblers are so numerous that one day is called
warbler day. . The banner record was May 20, 1917, when
between sixty and seventy different species of birds were
reported in this vicinity.

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn 77

SUGGESTIONS

The best time for observation is early morning. If
that is impossible, late afternoon is next best. Bird-lovers
avoid windy weather, for then the feathered songsters are
less numerous. During cold days or the early hours of
cold mornings birds will be scarce. Some dull days, if
mild, will be favorable. On a warm sunshiny morning
following a migration a bird-lover has all an enthusiast
could wish, but the next morning what a change—many
have passed forward on their northern journey, for it is
probable that the same individuals of a species do not
tarry long in one locality during the flights north. In
times of migration birds of the same species continue to
arrive and depart until all have passed to their nesting
ground. This accounts for birds of the same kind being
seen several weeks in the spring. The same may be said
of the autumnal flight south.

78 Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

INDEX

PAGE PAGE
Beetlowhead Niu eee ee Os) Domi Vie Ab eA eee 0
Bittern, American.................... 66): ‘Hagle? Bahdig 8 oo oa 61
AS Uy cheese ied uo aee EWE OL ine Grass Ce ee Oy ae 44
Blackbird, Crow!...0) uns 49 Pine Ci ea ae 45
Med-winged 0 2 50 PPG) 3s 20a tee ee 47
| 11-1 th PRR Rn ar atiee HAI 2 AQ) Mlicker;): Wortherniits(:)) 2.000) 56
j BIT 2°) 01 | BAN CNe Oa PP rea b (2. Bhyeatcher, Alder. 2.0. co ue 53
ctle ae tau) ae he 72 Crested nivale eu i.) ae 54
Bivebird 2) 5 0 3 ee aie Wg east l0 1) ane ny Se) eee 53
Babolinky 325); sa es ge ee 51 Olive=sided. ira hae 54
Bobwhite ss hoe a 64 Yellow-bellied....................... 53
Buitleshedd oil oss tect 71. | Galhinule, Mlonda:. 22/2. .221% 71
Bunting, Bay-winged .............. 44 PUB PIE Mae .e) eae cae 71
LAT Yo P70 Mani a BRR ei 39 Golden-eye, American.............. 67
LGW Meds canine nue 45 Goldfinch, Ameriean............... 45
Butcher-bird (Northern Goose, Canada. hom 67
oti! Ui) aR mete rte dae pele es 2 37 Goshawk, AMM rICAR Is cetce eo 62
O14 or: 3 MAORI Beane ORL op bP 20: Grackle; Bronzed. ce 49
6111s] 01: ea END CUB AIDES eligi ha Oo) Maraps (birdy, oc. aes 70
Chenmy ibis re e ee af Grebe, Holboell’s).. 1.028008 73
Shewinke sy uront ees witty 1a 40 [5 (avy 612.0 MUR Ren eos Manche il 82 73
Chickadee, Black-capped Pane: 23 Pied-pilléd. 2.4 e-i.0)ee 73
Hudsonian) cme dele ZZ») Greenletii....:descsloneecteace OOO
Coot, American:..).100 0.0.46... 70 Grosbeak, Evening.................... 48
Cowbird owt ie Alan G 50 Pine: Canadian yaaa 47
Creeper (Drowh 0s).c4 ee 24 Rose-breasted................0:0064 40

Crossbill, American or Red.....46 Grouse, Canadian Ruffed
White-winged........0......000.00.. 46 (Parizvidge): se ese 63
eae Spang A Ae ay 52). ) Girillemot,Biaek..)) ae 73
POU SE CRA, Rel a SOE 5¢ +) Gull, Bonaparte. -.).0.0 2 ee
Ghickoo, Black-billed................ 58 Herring 55.0.8 akdd eee 67
Yellow-billed..........00000ccc. 59 Hawk, Am. Rough-legged........ 62
Diver, Great Northern............ 68 Ama: Sparrow... i200 a) a ee 61
Lis FY Cah MR SN A dL pe (3: Broad-winged...o.cci.005..2.00e 62
Dove, Mournmg!.).07.0) 95 63 (OGDEN Bice VAR aoe 62
21 8 SREP Aaa Hae UA if 63 ues 6 dee We 61
Duck, Am. Golden-eye............ 67 Babe 3).3).5, sien eee ee 61
1 PUES BOAR HEMI LAIN 67 APO oi de Se ee 62
Butileshead iid. 5 Wea 71 Maree 8 oie sed eee ae 63
Harleuia se. .y) Seat fh) Pigeons is Vl 1 eee ae 61
LESSER SCAM. Ney hi cA 72 Red-shouldered....................... 62
Cid Sq linay nist yay Mo ee 71 Red-tailed...) ee 62
Pinta) ae hh eas 72 Sharp-shinned:./)(43...2/ hue 63
Reeder oa. 2)0: ig gies ie 72. Heron} Great Blue...) .).)7.4 66
Raya te aU en lee NEY, 67 Green i) SG a esaeme ee ae 66
e/62'101] 0 RAR me REN IS MSR 72 Night, Black-crowned.......... 71

1) (overt CRUSOE WA SUT AUR ANE 72 Hummingbird, Ruby-throated 55

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

Bh GW 25 Ce SR a A 52
Re rer Oth GUN NET ee aed ace 59
Junco, Slate-colored ................ 42
1G GPS er OR I Ae 70
Saye 071g IT I Lt RO) a 55
Manghste, [Boel he e7 RN cate 58
Kinglet, Golden-crowned........ 22
Ruby-crowned EN TEs 22
Wark FIGENEM yi.) oho -s5 ss ceeuell. 53
Prairie Horned. ...........0...00--. 52
BARI Hee ule cere ee Li Ay the ash 53
LUA Pe) 0 2 a ES 45
Dongspur, Lapland..............5....: 44
dis GEA TONES SR UGUSEY ern 68
(AEDS: LTR! G 12) 0 gna 66
Wiarians Purple... i foc-5:.b.csce ces 38
IIE [8 1a) a ee 50
Merganser American................ 67
INCE NG Lak clysnedetbe 72
BREG-DFEASEGU ioceiccccseheecs-ses-e- 72
ieAPO CL SIi0T | ety: Oe a eS 26
INure eTUnmMCh) 02.2.8 ..3..65.60 73
TSU CO TTL DG 4a oe 56
Nuthatch, Red-breasted.......... 23
White-breasted...................... 24
OLS 00 LG) Ae ee 71
Oniole; Baltimore. :................-+:- 49
LEELOS ins EI) Sa 59
Osprey, American...................... 61
BPR TROVE GEE 3) Giese hued. bs cota dlless casnes 29
EMCEE CE) i 60
DOOM 8 EV 4 59
LD oct EA Aes eee 60
mea MGV AY 65 ics act nels 60
STOR FLOMNEG. |... don sunksdshavseoss 59
Long-eared, American.......... 61
NGG! 1 Pa 60
LEECH CEs 001 | i ec a 60
“SP ES G12) Fn 60
VOL TSIETS EA Ts ree 60
PIPE C-CATER 1.2 o use sctyes staat 60
SCN 2 ea UN ae a eR aE 59
RIERA a ui cde des cecsaeenere 63
Mertel Wench B36). o. ld uae 72
Pewee, Bridge iii.) ocs.heed ss 54
LECULAR a 54
Phalarope, Wilson’s.................. 70
Pheasant, English...................... 64
LPIDIGTHE 2) A PUR et 54
Pigeon; Passenger ..:...):.2.0.3...++.- 6

79

1 20 12101 RR aR PR ND cert He 72
PIpib; “AMerICan i): 4 Oe 26
Plover, Am. Golden.................. 70
Black-belhieds 38a aa 70
Demipalmated ice Ve ee 65
Wiplanndi i. Geue seeuact se es 70
ABA Sk) AAA eh ae 64
ail: Carolinas. reunite yawn. ts 71
Virginia ifob cases dtd RC AUC a NERO a (Bs
PEG NGAGE UE ee anaes 72
RECO G ih3 f)ll api VAS URE EE 45
Redstart, American.................. 27
TRIM GANEGK os ee ea ee 65
Robin, American. ......)...i0/505.4: thy
Colder iO iia hee eee 49
TSENG Ltd TAT ape ae M mMOReRN Dob cP 65
Sandpiper, Bartramian............ 70
| 2 a re ee ea eo 66
IPEChOrS Gr tit sy si cae glut serena 70
Red-backede.c. ius h eg 70
SemipalmMated... iis .ccsdcssede-s- 66
Sole] UI Fz GER AME SN Ena Manne MME Ana 65
IDOULEC iis Mena Caw 65
White-rumped.................00... 70
Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied........ 57
Scoter, American.....................- 71
SHEE NGAI ONE Vee cal
W hite-wineed: 278 cn ty 71
Nelarake ds iy Ne oMan at 67
Shrike, Wigrant,) 3.53.02 36
IN GTEHERI yh dat FAs a 37
Diskin PING, nice sce eae 45
Snipe, AMeTICAM, ....:4))423--2..-0200. 70
ele seo sr a eke meine ea: 70
WW GUISOIE Sin han Chie eu Lice a 70
OW OIE kk eh cela eens 42
SS LET Vg dis hee Rea simrenid i ava Le een, Yamane 45
RURAL Faker cues bean eles mena wart 71
Sparrow, Chipping......:..)....0:: 42
11d 07S) 6 READ Pe ee ereneheee Naat ee re 46

1 OTe [a SRN eee Rois Pot vear nae 42

1 1K0): aR VapeeO RPE ORR uae SRT E A 40
ERO USE) rca Pen ah col aaa 46
VSS TUN Ua aay ar a 44
SOT eee ier. CAM ea aug 41
SEC AEHED) 6 see gn UDO BAe sr HEU 40

< Rigs aU Mena teary MERE RAEN DD St 43
VCR EM oi aici uie aaah en teeta tee 44
White-crowned..................05 44
White-throated..................... 43
Stakev Drivers. (Oils eee wens: 66

So

Ro 2 V8) aa AR a tee ar ont SES Lh
Swallow, isan, 320 asc:
|B lies WPpae ees R CL eae a

Wihite-bellied:.:).04)..:5.25:
Swan, Whistling: |.......05.0.62:
Swit, C Hine yo) eee
Tanager, Scarlet....................5+-
Teal, Blue-winged....................

Green-winged.............:0.0:-++-
Were (ATCME tae tee

Thrasher, Brow. .cies ss aes
Thrush, Golden-crowned....

NUW HIROTA Bi icsse tcc ces be. esseee eee
A100" 3 EP an Pa AaB ile tre A
Witinrk eye ine eae ere

Veery

eee eee RON UNEP EN RT
rs 0 Us 1d aU ate ey Ce
Winer ie ON i caaeeteny
Yellow-throated, .:.......c.02:
Warbler, Bay-breasted............
Biack and Wohite........:.00:.<0.2:
Black and Yellow..................
Blsekburnmian.....3.0. i160 5206
Blackapoll isé0.h ein veep
Black-throated Blue............
Black-throated Green..........
Canagian) .c 2

21

Birds of Lewiston-Auburn

Chestnut-sided: |). si .oaG 32’
Connectieut...i2.5cnes 29
Magnolia... ice, ele ees 32
NiGUPnING 208 noo alana 28
Mieyrtles i605 cee eee 33
Wastivilie. 30) ear 34
Parula;| Norther... 8205 34
Pine lie Tele eee 30:
Pine Creeping... 20... Acero 30
Tenmesnee icc Ge eee 34
Wile tee 28
Velloic. o).c4 tice eee 33
Yellow-Paiwa....2 5. c0o5c niente 30
Yellow: Redpoll 00)... 30
Yellow-rumped. co... 33
Water 'Thrieh) 2.03 ce eae 29
Water Weagmtall oo. 29
Waxwing, Bohemian................ 59
Cedar ou
Whip-poor-will 2 case 56
Wihistlete cc scitic eeees 67
Winter ‘Chippy ..:.....:s0.cncueee 43
Woodcock: . osc 66
Woodpecker, Am. Three-

PORG Ae Oe 57
Arctic Three-toed.................. 58
DO WHY) hci caes selec eee ee 58
| 1K ig Gee TNA 58
Piieated, Northern................ 57
Redéheaded ) o/c. clka eae 57

Wren, House... 15.04: 25
Winter os o:..ce eee 24
Yellowbird, Summet................ 33
Yellow-hammer.....................++- 56
Yellow-legs, Greater................ 65
pe] O 1 101 6112) TENE ar MA Ch 65
Wanter: 2.0... nde
Yellow-throat, Maryland........ 28

gi

9708
nhbird
Birds of Lewis